bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stable isotope analyses on archived fish scales reveal the long‐term effect of nitrogen loads on carbon cycling in rivers
Authors: Roussel Jean‐Marc , Perrier Charles , Erkinaro Jaakko , Niemelä Eero , Cunjak Richard A. , Huteau Dominique , Riera Pascal 
Published: June 2013

AbstractStable isotope analysis of organic matter in sediment records has long been used to track historical changes in productivity and carbon cycling in marine and lacustrine ecosystems. While flow dynamics preclude stratigraphic measurements of riverine sediments, such retrospective analysis is important for understanding biogeochemical cycling in running waters. Unique collections of riverine fish scales were used to analyse δ15N and δ13C variations in the food web of two European rivers that experience different degrees of anthropogenic pressure. Over the past four decades, dissolved inorganic N loading remained low and constant in the Teno River (70°N, Finland); in contrast, N loading increased fourfold in the Scorff River (47°N, France) over the same period. Archived scales of Atlantic salmon parr, a riverine life‐stage that feeds on aquatic invertebrates, revealed high δ15N values in the Scorff River reflecting anthropogenic N inputs to that riverine environment. A strong correlation between dissolved inorganic N loads and δ13C values in fish scales was observed in the Scorff River, whereas no trend was found in the Teno River. This result suggests that anthropogenic N‐nutrients enhanced atmospheric C uptake by primary producers and its transfer to fish. Our results illustrate for the first time that, as for lakes and marine ecosystems, historical changes in anthropogenic N loading can affect C cycling in riverine food webs, and confirm the long‐term interactions between N and C biogeochemical cycles in running waters.
Use of a biophysical simulation model (DairyMod) to represent tall fescue pasture growth in Argentina
Authors: Berger H. , Machado C. F. , Agnusdei M. , Cullen B. R. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTall fescue pastures have an increasing potential to be used worldwide. The purpose of this study was to test the ability and flexibility of the model DairyMod to represent herbage mass accumulation (HMA) of tall fescue pastures from Argentina under several environmental conditions, including different seasons, fertilizer nitrogen levels and irrigation. Species‐specific responses were obtained by customizing particular parameters (i.e. number of living leaves per tiller, leaf appearance interval, optimum plant N concentration and the response of leaf gross photosynthesis to temperature). Additionally, a simulation experiment to compare the model assumption that optimum N concentration stays constant through HMA with the application of a reference critical N dilution curve verified for temperate forage grasses (N% = 4·8 HMA−0·32) was conducted. Application of DairyMod simulated with reasonable accuracy the HMA of tall fescue pastures under a wide range of climatic and management conditions; however, the model tended to underestimate HMA where pastures grew under high N availability. The use of a reference critical N curve substantially improved this bias, indicating that a further analysis on the N issue of the model is necessary. Results from this study provide support for further evaluations of the model under other scenarios and conditions. An upgrade of the model to improve simulation of N nutrition is suggested to enhance its performance to predict growth dynamics at high N availabilities as well as its value to address the effectiveness of N‐management practices.
Physical and nutritional properties of extruded products based on whole grain with the addition of wild legumes (Vicia lutea subsp. lutea var. hirta and Vicia sativa subsp. sativa)
Authors: Pastor‐Cavada Elena , Drago Silvina R. , González Rolando J. , Juan Rocío , Pastor Julio E. , Alaiz Manuel , Vioque Javier 
Published: June 2013

SummaryFlour blends based on whole corn and rice with two added wild legumes at 15% level of cereal replacement were extruded to produce whole grain snacks. Extrusion temperature was 175 °C, and the moisture content was adjusted to 14%. The extruded products were evaluated for their physical, chemical and nutritional properties. Results showed that the addition of legumes produces a decrease in expansion in rice‐containing samples and an increase in solubility in corn‐containing samples. With only 15% of legume added to cereal, a significant increase in protein content and quality was obtained. An increase in fibre, polyphenol, iron and zinc content was also obtained. Protein digestibility was in the range of 81.8–85.3%. Mineral availability ranged from 6.4 to 16.3% for iron and 10–16.3% for zinc. The performance of each mixture during extrusion and the physical properties of the extruded products were considered to be similar to those expected for snack‐type products and described in the literature.
TLR9 gene polymorphism (rs187084, rs352140): association with acute rejection and estimated glomerular filtration rate in renal transplant recipients
Authors: Kim T. H. , Jeong K.‐H. , Kim S. K. , Lee S. H. , Ihm C. G. , Lee T. W. , Moon J. Y. , Yoon Y. C. , Chung J.‐H. , Park S. J. , Kang S. W. , Kim Y. H. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryThe Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are related to innate immunity. TLR9, a member of TLRs, is expressed in immune cell–rich tissues and mediates cellular response. We investigated the association between TLR9 polymorphisms and kidney allograft outcomes. To investigate whether TLR9 polymorphisms are associated with acute rejection after renal transplantation, two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TLR9 gene (rs187084 ‐1486; rs352140, G2848A) were selected and genotyped by direct sequencing in 342 renal transplant recipients. SNPStats, SNPAnalyzer, Helixtree and Haploview version 4.2 were used to analyse genetic data. Multiple logistic regression models (codominant, dominant, recessive and log‐additive) were used to evaluate odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and P values. Both SNPs, TLR9 rs187084 ‐1486 and rs352140 G2848A, of recipients were associated with the risk of acute rejection in renal transplantation. C allele of rs187084 ‐1486 and A allele of rs352140 G2848A were protective genotype for acute rejection (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.40–0.92; P = 0.018, OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.42–0.98; P = 0.04, respectively). rs187084 ‐1486 CT and rs352140 G2848A GA genotype were associated with a lower eGFR after a year of renal transplantation. TLR9 polymorphisms, rs187084 and rs352140, of recipients were associated with the risk of acute rejection in renal transplantation. The patients with rs187084 ‐1486 CT and rs352140 G2848A GA genotype showed a lower eGFR after a year of renal transplantation.
Financial Crisis Wealth Losses and Responses among Older Households in England*
Authors: Banks James , Crawford Rowena , Crossley Thomas F. , Emmerson Carl 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPrices of real and financial assets fell substantially in the UK during 2008–09. The fourth wave of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) was in the field throughout this ‘financial crisis’. We use these data, and earlier ELSA waves, to document the effect of the crisis on those aged 50 and over in England, importantly taking into account that a significant proportion of the wealth of these households is held in forms such as state pensions that will not be directly affected by movements in asset prices. We find that the median fall in wealth among individuals was 8 per cent of total household gross wealth with, on average, richer individuals having experienced a larger decline. We find some evidence that those who experienced greater wealth shocks were more likely to reduce their expected chance of leaving a large bequest and to reduce their spending on certain ‘semi‐luxury’ items such as clothing and food consumed out of the home.
Returning to Growth: Policy Lessons from History*
Authors: Crafts Nicholas 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis paper considers ‘unconventional’ monetary stimulus and supply‐side reform as ways to speed up UK recovery in the context of fiscal consolidation, drawing on the experience of the 1930s and 1980s. To imitate the 1930s, the inflation‐targeting regime may need to be reformed to cut real interest rates, with land‐use planning liberalised to ‘crowd in’ residential investment. To emulate the 1980s, supply‐side reforms to improve productivity and to raise permanent income are required and possibilities in the areas of infrastructure, education and taxation are outlined. A problem common to all these options is that they are ‘politically challenging’.
A Concept Analysis of Nursing Based on Islamic Sources: Seeking Remedy
Authors: Sadat Hoseini Akram Sadat , Alhani Fatemah , Khosro‐panah Abdul‐hosein , Behjatpour Abdul‐karim 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThis study describes the concept of nursing through an analysis of Islamic sources.MethodThe concept analysis method of Walker and Avant was used.FindingsNursing is a process of seeking remedy. Nursing includes a strong educative component to help the human to fulfill his/her human capacities.ConclusionThe human is viewed as having individual responsibility for self‐care and development of human capacities in accord with human nature. When problems and barriers arise, the role of the nurse is to seek remedy.Implication for Nursing PracticeThe role of the nurse is to assist the human to fulfill his/her human potential. The person is viewed from a holistic lens and spiritual development is more important than physical care.
Honor Scale: evidence on construct validity
Authors: Guerra Valeschka M. , Gouveia Valdiney V. , de C. R. Araújo Rafaella , de Andrade Josemberg M. , Gaudêncio Carmen A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractHonor is an important construct, mainly emphasized in collectivist cultures, such as Brazil. However, there is a lack of studies regarding honor in this cultural context. Therefore, the current research aims at proposing a short version of the Honor Scale (HS‐16) to the Brazilian context. Construct validity (i.e., factorial, convergent, and discriminant validity, as well as internal consistency and composite reliability) is reported in Studies 1 (n = 220) and 2 (n = 222), with participants from general population. In both studies, participants answered the Honor Scale and demographic questions. The authors find the HS‐16 to be a reliable and valid scale, thereby enabling its use in quantitative studies regarding the correlates of honor concerns.
Consistent patterns of elevational change in tree taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity across Malesian mountain forests
Authors: Culmsee Heike , Leuschner Christoph 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimIn order to investigate the relative importance of ecological (habitat specialization) and biogeographical (speciation, geographical dispersal limitation) processes as causes of non‐random spatial distribution of tree species in the mountain forests of Malesia, we analysed the elevational change in the taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of tree assemblages in different biogeographical subregions.LocationMalesia (Borneo, Java, Sulawesi and the Philippines).MethodsTree inventory data of 12 old‐growth forests from a wide elevational range (650–3080 m a.s.l.) were taxonomically harmonized and standardized (50 random draws of 245 individuals each per plot), and the phylogeny of 204 genera was resolved and scaled to its evolutionary origin. The taxonomic and phylogenetic diversities were calculated using effective generic measures, and the diversity patterns analysed by regression, ordination and classification.ResultsThe primary factor determining the diversity patterns of the tree assemblages was elevation, whereas the influence of region was surprisingly low. This results in common elevational patterns in taxonomic and phylogenetic community structure across western and central Malesia. The major clades of the contemporary mountain forest trees must therefore have evolved before the formation of the Malay Archipelago in its present form (sympatric speciation). Taxonomic richness and phylogenetic diversity exhibited opposite trends with elevation. Generic richness decreased linearly with elevation; the phylogenetic structure of high‐elevation forests revealed overdispersion, indicating convergent trait evolution towards higher elevations, whereas the submontane and colline assemblages showed clustering with a considerable number of confamilials. The upper montane forests of Borneo and Sulawesi were characterized by the dominance of Southern Hemisphere conifers, which differentiated them from lower‐elevation communities.Main conclusionsOur results indicate that ecological, evolutionary and biogeographical processes (environmental filtering, sympatry and long‐distance dispersal) have shaped the contemporary community structure of Malesian mountain forests. Wallace's Line may represent a significant barrier between the lowland tree floras of Borneo and Sulawesi, but this is not true for those at higher elevations. The uniqueness of high‐elevation forests in terms of their high phylogenetic diversity and of their unusual structure calls for a high priority in conservation programmes.
Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and abnormal lipid levels among Korean adolescents
Authors: Park Seung Ha , Park Jae Hee , Kang Jong Woo , Park Ha Young , Park Jinse , Shin Kyong Jin 
Published: June 2013

AimEarly identification of the metabolic syndrome (MS) and abnormal lipid levels with subsequent life‐style intervention is vital to halt disease progression and safeguard the future health of children and adolescents.MethodsData from a representative sample of 1554 adolescents (821 boys and 733 girls) aged 10–19 from the 2007–2008 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was analysed. The MS was defined using the paediatric criteria of the International Diabetes Federation. Abnormal lipid levels were classified according to the guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatrics.ResultsApproximately 13.7% of adolescents have a body mass index (BMI) between the 85th and 94th percentiles, and 8.4% have a BMI of ≥95th percentile. The prevalence of the MS was 2.3% among all the participants, 2.7% among boys and 2.1% among girls. The prevalence of the MS was 2.8% among overweight adolescents and 23.7% among obese adolescents. A low high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol level was the most common component for the MS. Nearly 20% of adolescents (21% of boys and 19% of girls) had at least one lipid abnormality. Approximately 32% of overweight adolescents and 50% of obese adolescents were candidates for therapeutic life‐style counselling based on lipid levels.ConclusionsThe present study provides the most updated prevalence estimates of the MS in the Korean adolescent population and highlights the strong association of the MS with BMI. The prevalence of abnormal lipid levels in overweight and obese adolescents is high, illustrating the large burden of cardiovascular disease in the future Korean population.
Characterization of a novel catalase–peroxidase (KATG) gene from the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum
Authors: Guo Ruoyu , Ki Jang‐Seu 
Published: June 2013

Dinoflagellates are a group of eukaryotic microalgae that have many unusual cytological and genomic characteristics. Here, we report the detection of a novel catalase–peroxidase (KatG) gene from the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum, and its transcript levels under copper sulfate (CuSO4) treatment. cDNA analysis yielded a 1,293 bp complete open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 431‐amino acid (aa) polypeptide (46.6 kDa). The conserved dinoflagellate splice leader (DinoSL) indicates that this gene is nucleus encoded, and a signal sequence at the N‐terminus of the deduced protein indicates that the KatG protein may pass across the endoplasmic reticulum or cytoplasmic membrane, but its precise subcellular location is not known. Unlike the typical KatG proteins, P. minimum KatG (PmKatG) only has one conserved domain (N‐domain). Gene expression of PmKatG dramatically increased with increasing concentrations of CuSO4, suggesting that it functions in the defense mechanisms associated with oxidative stress.
Arsenic Toxicosis in Cattle: Meta‐Analysis of 156 Cases
Authors: Bertin F.R. , Baseler L.J. , Wilson C.R. , Kritchevsky J.E. , Taylor S.D. 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundArsenic toxicosis is uncommon in cattle and successful treatment is rarely reported.ObjectivesThis analysis reviews all cases of acute arsenic toxicosis in cattle reported in the literature and describes cases from Purdue University that had a favorable outcome. Clinical presentation of the disease, treatments, and variables associated with survival are described.AnimalsOne hundred and fifty‐six cattle with arsenic toxicosis from 16 outbreaks.MethodsMeta‐analysis.ResultsThe most common clinical signs were sudden death (68%), diarrhea (33%), ataxia (29%), dehydration (22%), and respiratory distress (4%). The most common clinicopathologic abnormalities included azotemia (100%), hematuria (100%), increased liver enzyme activity (86%), and increased hematocrit (60%). One percent of cattle survived and the survival time for nonsurvivors ranged from 20 hours to 21 days. None of the clinical signs or clinicopathologic findings was associated with survival. Treatment was attempted in 24% of cases and was not associated with survival (P = .055), but administration of an antidote and administration of fluids were associated with better outcome (P = .036 andP = .009, respectively). In the animals presented to Purdue University, treatment with IV fluids and sodium thiosulfate resulted in decreased blood arsenic concentrations in all animals (P = .009) and a survival rate of 50%.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAlthough acute arsenic toxicosis has a poor prognosis, survival is possible if aggressive fluid therapy and antidotes are administered.
Meta‐analysis: ARFI elastography versus transient elastography for the evaluation of liver fibrosis
Authors: Bota Simona , Herkner Harald , Sporea Ioan , Salzl Petra , Sirli Roxana , Neghina Adriana M. , Peck‐Radosavljevic Markus 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimsThis meta‐analysis aims to compare the diagnostic performance of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography and transient elastography (TE) in the assessment of liver fibrosis using liver biopsy (LB) as ‘gold‐standard’.MethodsPubMed, Medline, Lilacs, Scopus, Ovid, EMBASE, Cochrane and Medscape databases were searched for all studies published until 31 May 2012 that evaluated the liver stiffness by means of ARFI, TE and LB. Information abstracted from each study according to a fixed protocol included study design and methodological characteristics, patient characteristics, interventions, outcomes and missing outcome data.ResultsThirteen studies (11 full‐length articles and 2 abstracts) including 1163 patients with chronic hepatopathies were included in the analysis. Inability to obtain reliable measurements was more than thrice as high for TE as that of ARFI (6.6% vs. 2.1%, P < 0.001). For detection of significant fibrosis, (F ≥ 2) the summary sensitivity (Se) was 0.74 (95% CI: 0.66–0.80) and specificity (Sp) was 0.83 (95% CI: 0.75–0.89) for ARFI, while for TE the Se was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.72–0.83) and Sp was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.75–0.90). For the diagnosis of cirrhosis, the summary Se was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.79–0.92) and Sp was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.81–0.91) for ARFI elastography, and, respectively, 0.89 (95% CI: 0.80–0.94) and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.82–0.91) for TE. The diagnostic odds ratio of ARFI and TE did not differ significantly in the detection of significant fibrosis [mean difference in rDOR = 0.27 (95% CI: 0.69–0.14)] and cirrhosis [mean difference in rDOR = 0.12 (95% CI: 0.29–0.52)].ConclusionAcoustic radiation force impulse elastography seems to be a good method for assessing liver fibrosis, and shows higher rate of reliable measurements and similar predictive value to TE for significant fibrosis and cirrhosis.
Annotated genes and nonannotated genomes: cross‐species use of Gene Ontology in ecology and evolution research
Authors: Primmer C. R. , Papakostas S. , Leder E. H. , Davis M. J. , Ragan M. A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractRecent advances in molecular technologies have opened up unprecedented opportunities for molecular ecologists to better understand the molecular basis of traits of ecological and evolutionary importance in almost any organism. Nevertheless, reliable and systematic inference of functionally relevant information from these masses of data remains challenging. The aim of this review is to highlight how the Gene Ontology (GO) database can be of use in resolving this challenge. The GO provides a largely species‐neutral source of information on the molecular function, biological role and cellular location of tens of thousands of gene products. As it is designed to be species‐neutral, the GO is well suited for cross‐species use, meaning that, functional annotation derived from model organisms can be transferred to inferred orthologues in newly sequenced species. In other words, the GO can provide gene annotation information for species with nonannotated genomes. In this review, we describe the GO database, how functional information is linked with genes/gene products in model organisms, and how molecular ecologists can utilize this information to annotate their own data. Then, we outline various applications of GO for enhancing the understanding of molecular basis of traits in ecologically relevant species. We also highlight potential pitfalls, provide step‐by‐step recommendations for conducting a sound study in nonmodel organisms, suggest avenues for future research and outline a strategy for maximizing the benefits of a more ecological and evolutionary genomics‐oriented ontology by ensuring its compatibility with the GO.
Hybridization and the porous genome: patterns of isolation and introgression in manakins
Authors: Yeaman Sam 
Published: June 2013

How does one species become two? What is the relative importance of selection vs. drift? How many genes are involved, what are their effect sizes and where are they located in the genome? The answers to these questions will inevitably vary from one species to another, but by addressing these questions in a diverse array of taxa, we will gradually piece together a more complete picture of how evolution works. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Parchman et al. () have approached these questions by studying the genomic basis of differentiation along a hybrid zone between two Central American bird species, the golden‐collared (Manacus vitellinus) and white‐collared (Manacus candei) manakins (see Fig. ). Their work presents an interesting window into the evolution of this hybrid zone using novel analysis tools and a nice example of how to approach the study of population genomics in nonmodel organisms.Hybrid (Manacus candei × Manacus vitellinus; left) and white‐collared manakin (M. candei; right). Photograph credits: Robb Brumfield (hybrid) and ©D. Tipling/VIREO (M. candei).image
Simone Weil and the Theo‐Poetics of Compassion
Authors: Hollingsworth Andrea 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSimone Weil's writings suggest that human compassion is divinely revelatory to the extent that interpersonal union and estrangement intensify identically and simultaneously. The relational space of compassionate communion is aporetic; the more attuned one becomes to an afflicted other, the more unreachable this other is seen to be. In her uniquely poetic style of writing, Weil locates perhaps the most intense experience of God directly in the center of this aporia. Compassion between two people—a sufferer and an empathizer—becomes a locus of divine manifestation as it instantiates the (im)possible distance and oneness of Creation, Incarnation, and Cross.