bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The CentriMag Centrifugal Blood Pump as a Benchmark for In Vitro Testing of Hemocompatibility in Implantable Ventricular Assist Devices
Authors: Chan Chris H.H. , Pieper Ina Laura , Hambly Rebecca , Radley Gemma , Jones Alyssa , Friedmann Yasmin , Hawkins Karl M. , Westaby Stephen , Foster Graham , Thornton Catherine A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractImplantable ventricular assist devices (VADs) have proven efficient in advanced heart failure patients as a bridge‐to‐transplant or destination therapy. However, VAD usage often leads to infection, bleeding, and thrombosis, side effects attributable to the damage to blood cells and plasma proteins. Measuring hemolysis alone does not provide sufficient information to understand total blood damage, and research exploring the impact of currently available pumps on a wider range of blood cell types and plasma proteins such as von Willebrand factor (vWF) is required to further our understanding of safer pump design. The extracorporeal CentriMag (Thoratec Corporation, Pleasanton, CA, USA) has a hemolysis profile within published standards of normalized index of hemolysis levels of less than 0.01 g/100 L at 100 mm Hg but the effect on leukocytes, vWF multimers, and platelets is unknown. Here, the CentriMag was tested using bovine blood (n = 15) under constant hemodynamic conditions in comparison with a static control for total blood cell counts, hemolysis, leukocyte death, vWF multimers, microparticles, platelet activation, and apoptosis. The CentriMag decreased the levels of healthy leukocytes (P < 0.006), induced leukocyte microparticles (P < 10−5), and the level of high molecular weight of vWF multimers was significantly reduced in the CentriMag (P < 10−5) all compared with the static treatment after 6 h in vitro testing. Despite the leukocyte damage, microparticle formation, and cleavage of vWF multimers, these results show that the CentriMag is a hemocompatible pump which could be used as a standard in blood damage assays to inform the design of new implantable blood pumps.
The Tropical managed Forests Observatory: a research network addressing the future of tropical logged forests
Authors: Sist Plinio , Rutishauser Ervan , Peña‐Claros Marielos , Shenkin Alexander , Hérault Bruno , Blanc Lilian , Baraloto Christopher , Baya Fidèle , Benedet Fabrice , da Silva Katia Emidio , Descroix Laurent , Ferreira Joice Nunes , Gourlet‐Fleury Sylvie , Guedes Marcelino Carneiro , Bin Harun Ismail , Jalonen Riina , Kanashiro Milton , Krisnawati Haruni , Kshatriya Mrigesh , Lincoln Philippa , Mazzei Lucas , Medjibé Vincent , Nasi Robert , d'Oliveira Marcus Vinicius N. , de Oliveira Luis C. , Picard Nicolas , Pietsch Stephan , Pinard Michelle , Priyadi Hari , Putz Francis. E. , Rodney Ken , Rossi Vivien , Roopsind Anand , Ruschel Ademir Roberto , Shari Nur Hajar Zamah , Rodrigues de Souza Cintia , Susanty Farida Herry , Sotta Eleneide Doff , Toledo Marisol , Vidal Edson , West Thales A.P. , Wortel Verginia , Yamada Toshihiro 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWhile attention on logging in the tropics has been increasing, studies on the long‐term effects of silviculture on forest dynamics and ecology remain scare and spatially limited. Indeed, most of our knowledge on tropical forests arises from studies carried out in undisturbed tropical forests. This bias is problematic given that logged and disturbed tropical forests are now covering a larger area than the so‐called primary forests. A new network of permanent sample plots in logged forests, the Tropical managed Forests Observatory (TmFO), aims to fill this gap by providing unprecedented opportunities to examine long‐term data on the resilience of logged tropical forests at regional and global scales. TmFO currently includes 24 experimental sites distributed across three tropical regions, with a total of 490 permanent plots and 921 ha of forest inventories.
Uro‐oncology multidisciplinary meetings at an Australian tertiary referral centre – impact on clinical decision‐making and implications for patient inclusion
Authors: Rao Kenny , Manya Kiran , Azad Arun , Lawrentschuk Nathan , Bolton Damien , Davis Ian D. , Sengupta Shomik 
Published: July 2014

ObjectivesTo analyse the impact of the uro‐oncology multidisciplinary meeting (MDM) at an Australian tertiary centre on patient management decisions, and to develop criteria for patient inclusion in MDMs.MethodsOver a 3‐month period, all cases presented at our weekly uro‐oncology MDM were prospectively assessed, by asking the presenting clinician to state their provisional management plans and comparing this with the subsequent consensus decision. The impact of the MDM was graded as high if there was a major change in the management plan or if a plan was developed where there was none.ResultsOver the study period, 120 discussions about 107 patients were recorded. Prostate, urothelial, kidney and testis cancer represented 46 (38.3%), 36 (30%), 26 (21.6%) and 12 (10%) of the discussions, respectively. The MDM made high impact changes to the original plan in 32 (26.7%) cases. High impact changes were nearly twice as likely to occur in patients with metastatic disease as in those without metastases (P < 0.05). Primary cross referral between disciplines occurred in 40 (33.3%) cases, including 66.7% of testicular and 42% of bladder cancers but only 26% of prostate and 19% of kidney cancers (P < 0.02).ConclusionsThe uro‐oncology MDM alters management plans in about one‐quarter of cases. Additionally, MDMs also serve other purposes, such as cross‐referral or consideration for clinical trials. Patients should be discussed in MDMs if multimodal therapy may be required, clinical trial eligibility is being considered or if metastasis or recurrence is noted.
Partial nephrectomy for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and the risk of end‐stage renal disease (ESRD)
Authors: Yap Stanley A. , Finelli Antonio , Urbach David R. , Tomlinson George A. , Alibhai Shabbir M.H. 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveTo assess whether radical nephrectomy (RN) compared with partial nephrectomy (PN) for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is associated with greater risk of end‐stage renal disease (ESRD).Patients and MethodsWe performed a population‐based, retrospective cohort study using linked administrative databases in the province of Ontario, Canada. We included individuals with pathologically confirmed RCC diagnosed between 1995 and 2010. Cox proportional hazards, propensity score, and competing risks models were used to assess the impact of treatment choice. The primary outcome was ESRD. Secondary outcomes included overall mortality, myocardial infarction, and new‐onset chronic kidney disease (CKD). A modern cohort of patients (2003–2010) was analysed separately.ResultsWe included 11 937 patients, of whom 2107 (18%) underwent PN. The median follow‐up was 57 months. In the full cohort, type of surgery was not associated with the rate of ESRD, whereas PN was associated with a decreased likelihood of ESRD compared with RN in the modern cohort using a multivariable proportional hazards model [hazard ratio (HR) 0.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.25–0.75) or propensity score modelling (HR 0.48, 95% CI 0.27–0.82). PN was also associated with a lower risk of new‐onset CKD (HR 0.48, 95% CI 0.41–0.57).ConclusionsAlthough it is well‐known that RN is associated with more CKD than PN, we provide the first direct evidence that PN is associated with less ESRD requiring renal replacement therapy than RN in a modern cohort of patients with RCC.
The behavioural response of mice lacking NK1 receptors to guanfacine resembles its clinical profile in treatment of ADHD
Authors: Pillidge Katharine , Porter Ashley J , Dudley Julia A , Tsai Yuan‐Chen , Heal David J , Stanford S Clare 
Published: July 2014

Background and PurposeMice with functional ablation of substance P‐preferring neurokinin‐1 receptors (NK1R−/− mice) display behavioural abnormalities resembling those in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Here, we investigated whether the ADHD treatment, guanfacine, alleviated the hyperactivity and impulsivity/inattention displayed by NK1R−/− mice in the light/dark exploration box (LDEB) and 5‐choice serial reaction–time task (5‐CSRTT), respectively. Following reports of co‐morbid anxiety in ADHD, we also investigated effects of guanfacine on anxiety‐like behaviour displayed by NK1R−/− and wild‐type (WT) mice in the elevated plus maze (EPM).Experimental ApproachMice were treated with guanfacine (0.1, 0.3 or 1.0 mg·kg−1, i.p.), vehicle or no injection and tested in the 5‐CSRTT or the LDEB. Only the lowest dose of guanfacine was used in the EPM assays.Key ResultsIn the 5‐CSRTT, a low dose of guanfacine (0.1 mg·kg−1) increased attention in NK1R−/− mice, but not in WT mice. This dose did not affect the total number of trials completed, latencies to respond or locomotor activity in the LDEB. Impulsivity was decreased by the high dose (1.0 mg·kg−1) of guanfacine, but this was evident in both genotypes and is likely to be secondary to a generalized blunting of behaviour. Although the NK1R−/− mice displayed marked anxiety‐like behaviour, guanfacine did not affect the behaviour of either genotype in the EPM.Conclusions and ImplicationsThis evidence that guanfacine improves attention at a dose that did not affect arousal or emotionality supports our proposal that NK1R−/− mice express an attention deficit resembling that of ADHD patients.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Animal Models in Psychiatry Research. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue-20
Topische Langzeittherapie der Psoriasis mit Vitamin‐D3‐Analoga, Kortikosteroiden und deren Kombinationen: Positionspapier zu Evidenz und praktischer Anwendung
Authors: Augustin Matthias , Mrowietz Ulrich , Bonnekoh Bernd , Rosenbach Thomas , Thaçi Diamant , Reusch Michael , Ardabili Michael , Reich Kristian 
Published: July 2014

ZusammenfassungHintergrundAktuelle Daten aus der Versorgungsforschung zeigen, dass Vitamin‐D3‐Analoga, Kortikosteroide und deren fixe Kombinationen in der topischen Langzeittherapie der Psoriasis sehr unterschiedlich eingesetzt werden.ZielsetzungBewertung der wissenschaftlichen Evidenz zur topischen Langzeittherapie mit Vitamin‐D3‐Analoga, Kortikosteroiden und deren Kombinationen bei der Psoriasis vulgaris und der Kopfhaut‐Psoriasis und Entwicklung einer Praxisempfehlung.MethodikSystematische Literaturrecherche in PubMed® und Embase® und informeller Expertenkonsens.ErgebnisseDie Suchstrategie ergab insgesamt 21 relevante Arbeiten. Die beste Evidenz in der topischen Langzeittherapie lag für die Fixkombination aus Calcipotriol und Betamethason vor. In direkten Vergleichsstudien zeigte diese Fixkombination bei der Psoriasis vulgaris eine überlegene Verträglichkeit und Wirtschaftlichkeit im Vergleich zu den Monopräparaten. Bei der Kopfhaut‐Psoriasis war die Fixkombination in Gelformulierung der Calcipotriol‐Monotherapie überlegen. Feste, einfache Anwendungsschemata zeigten einen höheren Therapieerfolg als Bei‐Bedarf‐Therapien.PraxisempfehlungenPatienten müssen aktiv in die Wahl der Therapie, der Grundlage und der Anwendungsweise einbezogen werden. In der Praxis haben sich neben der Langzeittherapie mit der Fixkombination auch andere Therapieschemata unter Einbeziehung der Calcipotriol‐Monotherapie bewährt. Aufgrund des guten Nutzen‐Risiko‐Profils in Studien zur Erhaltungstherapie und aufgrund der höheren Wirtschaftlichkeit ist im Anschluss an die Initialtherapie eine 1‐ bis 2‐mal wöchentliche Applikation der Fixkombination zu empfehlen.
Institutional care and iron deficiency increase ADHD symptomology and lower IQ 2.5–5 years post‐adoption
Authors: Doom Jenalee R. , Georgieff Michael K. , Gunnar Megan R. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIncreased ADHD symptomology and lower IQ have been reported in internationally adopted (IA) children compared to non‐adopted peers (Hostinar, Stellern, Schaefer, Carlson & Gunnar, 2012; Kreppner, O'Connor & Rutter, 2001). However, it is unclear whether these outcomes are due to institutional deprivation specifically or to co‐occurring micronutrient deficiencies that disrupt brain development (Fuglestad, Rao & Georgieff, 2008b). In this study, IA children were compared to children raised in their biological families to examine differences in ADHD symptomology and IQ 2.5–5 years post‐adoption and to assess the contributions of iron deficiency (ID) and duration of deprivation to these cognitive outcomes. ADHD symptoms (parent‐ and experimenter‐reported) and IQ were evaluated in 88 IA (M = 62.1 months, SD = 2.4) and 35 non‐adopted children (M = 61.4 months, SD = 1.6). IA children were assessed 29–64 months post‐adoption (M = 41.9 months, SD = 10.2). ID was assessed during the initial post‐adoption medical visit in 69 children, and children were classified into four groups by iron status, ranging from normal to ID anemia (most severe). IA children had greater ADHD symptomology, p < .01, and lower IQ, p = .001, than non‐adopted children. Within the IA group, children with more severe ID at adoption had greater ADHD symptomology, r(69) = 0.40, p = .001, and lower IQ, r(68) = −0.28, p < .05. Duration of institutional care was positively correlated with ADHD symptoms, r(86) = .28, p < .01, but not IQ, r(85) = −.08, p = .52. Longitudinal results indicate improvement in IQ from 12 months post‐adoption to age 5 for children with greater ID severity at adoption and longer duration of institutional care but no improvement in ADHD symptoms. These results signify continuing effects of early deprivation and ID on ADHD symptoms and IQ years after adoption.A video abstract of this article can be viewed at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vUFDAS3DD1c
Preictal surrender of post–spike slow waves to spike‐related high‐frequency oscillations (80–200 Hz) is associated with seizure initiation
Authors: Sato Yosuke , Doesburg Sam M. , Wong Simeon M. , Boelman Cyrus , Ochi Ayako , Otsubo Hiroshi 
Published: July 2014

SummaryObjectiveSpike and slow waves consist of a “spike” including high‐frequency oscillations (HFOs), which are linked to epileptogenicity and a “post–spike slow wave (PSS)” related to inhibitory activity. The aim of this study was to elucidate the spatiotemporal relationship between spike‐relatedHFOs andPSSin patients with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) typeII.MethodsWe studied 10 pediatric patients withFCDtypeII, who underwent extraoperative video–electroencephalography (EEG). We selected spike and slow waves, which includedHFOs (80–200 Hz), and performed spike peak–locked averaging 10 times during both 30 s interictal (>1 h apart from seizures) and 30 s preictal periods. We calculated the power of spike‐relatedHFOs andPSSduring both periods for the following three areas: (1) inside the seizure‐onset zone (SOZ), (2) inside the resection area (RA) but outsideSOZ(RA‐SOZ), and (3) outside theRA. Between the interictal and preictal periods we performed correlation (Spearman's coefficient) and simple linear regression analyses comparingHFOandPSSpower within each area.ResultsA total of 1,614 averaged spike and slow waves were analyzed during both periods. During the interictal periods, there were significant positive correlations betweenHFOandPSSpower in all areas (insideSOZ, r = 0.568;RA‐SOZ, r = 0.700; outsideRA, r = 0.320). During the preictal periods, the correlation became weaker insideSOZ(r = 0.149) and remained unchanged both inside theRA‐SOZ(r = 0.704) and outsideRA(r = 0.346). From the interictal to preictal period, the slope (ΔPSSpower/ΔHFOpower) of the simple regression line decreased insideSOZ(0.349 to 0.051) but increased inRA‐SOZ(0.534 to 0.734) and outsideRA(0.267 to 0.435).SignificanceRelative power reduction of PSS to spike‐relatedHFOs inSOZis relevant for seizure initiation. Our analysis will contribute to future studies of seizure prediction and distinction between pathologic and physiologicHFOs.A PowerPoint slide summarizing this article is available for download in the Supporting Information sectionhere.
Inhibition of STAT3 signalling contributes to the antimelanoma action of atractylenolide II
Authors: Fu Xiu‐Qiong , Chou Gui‐Xin , Kwan Hiu Yee , Tse Anfernee Kai‐Wing , Zhao Li‐Han , Yuen Tsz‐Kin , Cao Hui‐hui , Yu Hua , Chao Xiao‐Juan , Su Tao , Cheng Brian Chi‐Yan , Sun Xue‐Gang , Yu Zhi‐Ling 
Published: July 2014

AbstractOur previous studies showed that atractylenolide II (AT‐II) has antimelanoma effects in B16 melanoma cells. In this study, we investigated the involvement of STAT3 signalling in the antimelanoma action of AT‐II. Daily administration of AT‐II (12.5, 25 mg/kg, i.g.) for 14 days significantly inhibited tumor growth in a B16 xenograft mouse model and inhibited the activation/phosphorylation of STAT3 and Src in the xenografts. In B16 and A375 cells, AT‐II (20, 40 μm) treatment for 48 h dose‐dependently reduced protein expression levels of phospho‐STAT3, phospho‐Src, as well as STAT3‐regulated Mcl‐1 and Bcl‐xL. Overexpression of a constitutively active variant of STAT3, STAT3C in A375 cells diminished the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of AT‐II. These data suggest that inhibition of STAT3 signalling contributes to the antimelanoma action of AT‐II. Our findings shed new light on the mechanism of action underlying the antimelanoma effects of AT‐II and provide further pharmacological basis for developing AT‐II as a novel melanoma chemopreventive/chemotherapeutic agent.
Separating effects of climatic drivers and biotic feedbacks on seasonal plankton dynamics: no sign of trophic mismatch
Authors: Berger Stella A. , Diehl Sebastian , Stibor Herwig , Sebastian Patrizia , Scherz Antonia 
Published: July 2014

Summary

Climate change may impact most strongly on temperate lake plankton communities in spring, when light availability and water temperature change rapidly due to thermal stratification. Effects of changing light and temperature on one food‐web component transfer to other components, producing a complex interplay between physical drivers and biotic feedbacks. Understanding this interplay is important, because altered climate regimes could result in phenological mismatch between the phytoplankton spring bloom and the timing of maximum food requirements of grazers.

To separate direct effects of light and temperature on spring plankton dynamics from effects mediated through micro‐ and mesograzer feedbacks, we manipulated water temperature, stratification depth and presence/absence of the mesograzer Daphnia in lake mesocosms.

In early spring, stratification depth and water temperature directly influenced the light supply to phytoplankton and the growth rates of all plankton groups. Subsequently, indirect effects, including light‐dependent food supply to grazers and temperature‐dependent grazing pressure, became increasingly important. Phytoplankton and Daphnia peaked earlier in warmer treatments and reached higher peaks when stratification depth was shallower. Ciliates responded positively to increased food density and higher temperature and subsequently affected the taxonomic composition, but not the total biomass, of phytoplankton.

In the absence of Daphnia, phytoplankton did not enter a distinct clear water phase. When present, Daphnia caused an extended clear water phase, maintaining phytoplankton and ciliates at low levels throughout early summer and suppressing all direct effects of physical drivers on these plankton groups.

Our Daphnia treatments mimicked the high and low fish predation settings of the largely descriptive, recently revised Plankton Ecology Group (PEG) model of seasonal plankton succession and explored their responses to climate change scenarios. The results largely support the PEG model, but attribute greater importance to early season temperature effects and later season grazing effects of Daphnia.

In warmer treatments, the timing of phytoplankton and zooplankton peaks tended to be more closely coupled, and temperature did not affect the height of zooplankton peaks. In line with other experiments, these results do not support the widely held concern that warming may create a trophic mismatch between phytoplankton and zooplankton and reduce spring zooplankton production.
Parents' information and support needs when their child is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes: a qualitative study
Authors: Rankin David , Harden Jeni , Waugh Norman , Noyes Kathryn , Barnard Katharine D. , Lawton Julia 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAim and objectiveThe aim of this study was to describe and explore parents' information and support needs when their child is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, including their views about the timing and chronology of current support provision. Our objective was to identify ways in which parents could be better supported in the future.Design and participantsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 54 parents of children with type 1 diabetes in four paediatric diabetes clinics in Scotland. Data were analysed using an inductive, thematic approach.FindingsParents described needing more reassurance after their child was diagnosed before being given complex information about diabetes management, so they would be better placed psychologically and emotionally to absorb this information. Parents also highlighted a need for more emotional and practical support from health professionals when they first began to implement diabetes regimens at home, tailored to their personal and domestic circumstances. However, some felt unable to ask for help or believed that health professionals were unable to offer empathetic support. Whilst some parents highlighted a need for support delivered by peer parents, others who had received peer support conveyed ambivalent views about the input and advice they had received.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that professionals should consider the timing and chronology of support provision to ensure that parents' emotional and informational needs are addressed when their child is diagnosed and that practical advice and further emotional support are provided thereafter, which takes account of their day‐to‐day experiences of caring for their child.
Does the Reciproc file remove root canal bacteria and endotoxins as effectively as multifile rotary systems?
Authors: Marinho A. C. S. , Martinho F. C. , Gonçalves L. M. , Rabang H. R. C. , Gomes B. P. F. A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effectiveness of Reciproc for the removal of cultivable bacteria and endotoxins from root canals in comparison with multifile rotary systems.MethodologyThe root canals of forty human single‐rooted mandibular pre‐molars were contaminated with an Escherichia coli suspension for 21 days and randomly assigned to four groups according to the instrumentation system: GI – Reciproc (VDW); GII – Mtwo (VDW); GIII – ProTaper Universal (Dentsply Maillefer); and GIV –FKG Race™ (FKG Dentaire) (n = 10 per group). Bacterial and endotoxin samples were taken with a sterile/apyrogenic paper point before (s1) and after instrumentation (s2). Culture techniques determined the colony‐forming units (CFU) and the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate assay was used for endotoxin quantification. Results were submitted to paired t‐test and anova.ResultsAt s1, bacteria and endotoxins were recovered in 100% of the root canals investigated (40/40). After instrumentation, all systems were associated with a highly significant reduction of the bacterial load and endotoxin levels, respectively: GI – Reciproc (99.34% and 91.69%); GII – Mtwo (99.86% and 83.11%); GIII – ProTaper (99.93% and 78.56%) and GIV – FKG Race™ (99.99% and 82.52%) (P < 0.001). No statistical difference were found amongst the instrumentation systems regarding bacteria and endotoxin removal (P > 0.01).ConclusionThe reciprocating single file, Reciproc, was as effective as the multifile rotary systems for the removal of bacteria and endotoxins from root canals.