bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trauma airway management in emergency departments: a multicentre, prospective, observational study in Japan
Authors: Nakao Shunichiro , Kimura Akio , Hagiwara Yusuke , Hasegawa Kohei 
Published: February 2015

ObjectivesAlthough successful airway management is essential for emergency trauma care, comprehensive studies are limited. We sought to characterise current trauma care practice of airway management in the emergency departments (EDs) in Japan.DesignAnalysis of data from a prospective, observational, multicentre registry—the Japanese Emergency Airway Network (JEAN) registry.Setting13 academic and community EDs from different geographic regions across Japan.Participants723 trauma patients who underwent emergency intubation from March 2010 through August 2012.Outcome measuresED characteristics, patient and operator demographics, methods of airway management, intubation success or failure at each attempt and adverse events.ResultsA total of 723 trauma patients who underwent emergency intubation were eligible for the analysis. Traumatic cardiac arrest comprised 32.6% (95% CI 29.3% to 36.1%) of patients. Rapid sequence intubation (RSI) was the initial method chosen in 23.9% (95% CI 21.0% to 27.2%) of all trauma patients and in 35.5% (95% CI 31.4% to 39.9%) of patients without cardiac arrest. Overall, intubation was successful in ≤3 attempts in 96% of patients (95% CI 94.3% to 97.2%). There was a wide variation in the initial methods of intubation; RSI as the initial method was performed in 0–50.9% of all trauma patients among 12 EDs. Similarly, there was a wide variation in success rates and adverse event rates across the EDs. Success rates varied between 35.5% and 90.5% at the first attempt, and 85.1% and 100% within three attempts across the 12 EDs.ConclusionsIn this multicentre prospective study in Japan, we observed a high overall success rate in airway management during trauma care. However, the methods of intubation and success rates were highly variable among hospitals.
Averaging problems of running processes associated with Brownian motion and applications
Authors: Ta Bao Quoc 
Published: February 2015

Recently the new technique to solve optimal stopping problems for Hunt processes is developed (see [S. Christensen, P. Salminen and B. Q. Ta, Optimal stopping of strong Markov processes, Stochastic Process. Appl. 123(3) (2013) 1138–1159]). The crucial feature of the approach is to utilize the representation of the r-excessive functions as expected suprema. However, it seems to be difficult when applying directly the approach to some concrete cases, e.g. one-sided problem for reflecting Brownian motion and two-sided problem for Brownian motion. In this paper, we review and exploit this approach to find explicit solutions of two problems above.
ELECTRICITY FUTURES PRICE MODELING WITH LÉVY TERM STRUCTURE MODELS
Authors: BIAGINI FRANCESCA , BREGMAN JULIA , MEYER-BRANDIS THILO 
Published: February 2015

In this paper, we generalize the approach of Hinz & Wilhelm (2006), Pricing flow commodity derivatives using fixed income market techniques. International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 9, 1299–1321, replacing in the dynamics of the asset prices the Brownian motion by a more general Lévy process, also taking into account the occurrence of spikes. In particular, we reduce the modeling of an electricity futures market to the modeling of a Lévy bond market with an additional risky asset. This allows to employ well established techniques from interest rate term structure modeling. We then examine Markovianity of the induced electricity spot price, an important property when it comes to option pricing. We show that the considered method combined with the Fourier transform techniques provides semi analytic pricing formulas for European electricity options. Finally, we consider the pricing of path dependent derivatives such as electricity swing options.
The Impact of Clone Size on the Prognostic Value of Chromosome Aberrations by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: An Gang , Li Zengjun , Tai Yu-Tzu , Acharya Chirag , Li Qian , Qin Xiaoqi , Yi Shuhua , Xu Yan , Feng Xiaoyan , Li Chengwen , Zhao Jiawei , Shi Lihui , Zang Meirong , Deng Shuhui , Sui Weiwei , Hao Mu , Zou Dehui , Zhao Yaozhong , Qi Junyuan , Cheng Tao , Ru Kun , Wang Jianxiang , Anderson Kenneth C , Qiu Lugui 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Purpose: Accumulating evidence indicates that intratumor heterogeneity is prevalent in multiple myeloma and that a collection of multiple, genetically distinct subclones are present within the myeloma cell population. It is not clear whether the size of clonal myeloma populations harboring unique cytogenetic abnormalities carry any additional prognostic value.
Experimental Design: We analyzed the prognostic impact of cytogenetic aberrations by fluorescence in situ hybridization at different cutoff values in a cohort of 333 patients with newly diagnosed myeloma and 92 patients with relapsed myeloma.
Results: We found that nearly all IgH-related arrangements were observed in a large majority of the purified plasma cells; however, 13q deletion, 17p deletion, and 1q21 amplification appeared in different percentages within the malignant plasma cell population. Based on the size of subclones carrying these cytogenetic aberrations, the patients were divided into four groups: 0%–10%, 10.5%–20%, 20.5%–50%, and &gt;50%. Receiver-operating characteristics analysis was applied to determine the optimal cutoff value with the greatest differential survival and showed that the most powerful clone sizes were 10% for 13q deletion, 50% for 17p deletion, and 20% for 1q21 gains, which provided the best possible cutoffs for predicting poor outcomes.
Conclusions: Our study indicated that the impact of clone size on prognostic value varies between specific genetic abnormalities. Prognostic value was observed for even a subgroup of plasma cells harboring the cytogenetic aberration of 13q deletion and 1q21 gains; however, 17p deletion displayed the most powerful cutoff for predicting survival only if the predominant clones harbored the abnormality. Clin Cancer Res; 21(9); 2148–56. ©2015 AACR.
Association of Left Atrial Function and Left Atrial Enhancement in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Habibi Mohammadali , Lima Joao A.C. , Khurram Irfan M. , Zimmerman Stefan L. , Zipunnikov Vadim , Fukumoto Kotaro , Spragg David , Ashikaga Hiroshi , Rickard John , Marine Joseph E. , Calkins Hugh , Nazarian Saman 
Published: February 2015

Background—
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with left atrial (LA) structural and functional changes. Cardiac magnetic resonance late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and feature-tracking are capable of noninvasive quantification of LA fibrosis and myocardial motion, respectively. We sought to examine the association of phasic LA function with LA enhancement in patients with AF.

Methods and Results—

LA structure and function was measured in 90 patients with AF (age 61±10 years; 76% men) referred for ablation and 14 healthy volunteers. Peak global longitudinal LA strain, LA systolic strain rate, and early and late diastolic strain rates were measured using cine–cardiac magnetic resonance images acquired during sinus rhythm. The degree of LGE was quantified. Compared with patients with paroxysmal AF (60% of cohort), those with persistent AF had larger maximum LA volume index (56±17 versus 49±13 mL/m
2
;
P
=0.036), and increased LGE (27.1±11.7% versus 36.8±14.8%;
P
<0.001). Aside from LA active emptying fraction, all LA parameters (passive emptying fraction, peak global longitudinal LA strain, systolic strain rate, early diastolic strain rate, and late diastolic strain rate) were lower in patients with persistent AF (
P
<0.05 for all). Healthy volunteers had less LGE and higher LA functional parameters compared with patients with AF (
P
<0.05 for all). In multivariable analysis, increased LGE was associated with lower LA passive emptying fraction, peak global longitudinal LA strain, systolic strain rate, early diastolic strain rate, and late diastolic strain rate (
P
<0.05 for all).

Conclusions—
Increased LA enhancement is associated with decreased LA reservoir, conduit, and booster pump functions. Phasic measurement of LA function using feature-tracking cardiac magnetic resonance may add important information about the physiological importance of LA fibrosis.
Comparative Adjectives in Herodian
Authors: Barber Peter J. 
Published: February 2015

This work examines how the grammarian Herodian (2nd Century) treated the so-called τρίτος τύπος of comparative adjectives. This class includes βράσσων, πάσσων, γλύσσων, βάσσων, µάσσων, ϑάσσων and ἐλάσσων, whose root vowels are δίχρονος, i.e. their length is not indicated in the orthography. Nor is their length ascertainable from metrical evidence. Herodianic doctrine regarding these vowel lengths is investigated and shown to conflict with modern etymologies in some instances. The question arises whether we should trust Herodian or the etymologies.
These contradictions are best resolved by reviving, in modified form, Wackernagel’s idea that Herodian reports specifically Attic root vowel lengths in exactly the instances where a suitable Attic form existed; Attic comparatives often differ from those in other dialects due to well-established vowel lengthening processes. But Herodian’s citation of forms with non-Attic -σσ- rather than -ττ- is unexpected and suggests a more fundamental explanation: Herodian’s account of these formations is probably based on the relevant Koine forms, where these existed. This conclusion may offer insights into the sources of Herodian’s linguistic judgements more generally.
The Mesoscale Predictability Experiment (MPEX)
Authors: Weisman Morris L. , Trapp Robert J. , Romine Glen S. , Davis Chris , Torn Ryan , Baldwin Michael , Bosart Lance , Brown John , Coniglio Michael , Dowell David , Evans A. Clark , Galarneau Thomas J. , Haggerty Julie , Hock Terry , Manning Kevin , Roebber Paul , Romashkin Pavel , Schumacher Russ , Schwartz Craig S. , Sobash Ryan , Stensrud David , Trier Stanley B. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The Mesoscale Predictability Experiment (MPEX) was conducted from 15 May to 15 June 2013 in the central United States. MPEX was motivated by the basic question of whether experimental, subsynoptic observations can extend convective-scale predictability and otherwise enhance skill in short-term regional numerical weather prediction.
Observational tools for MPEX included the National Science Foundation (NSF)–National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Gulfstream V aircraft (GV), which featured the Airborne Vertical Atmospheric Profiling System mini-dropsonde system and a microwave temperature-profiling (MTP) system as well as several ground-based mobile upsonde systems. Basic operations involved two missions per day: an early morning mission with the GV, well upstream of anticipated convective storms, and an afternoon and early evening mission with the mobile sounding units to sample the initiation and upscale feedbacks of the convection.
A total of 18 intensive observing periods (IOPs) were completed during the field phase, representing a wide spectrum of synoptic regimes and convective events, including several major severe weather and/or tornado outbreak days. The novel observational strategy employed during MPEX is documented herein, as is the unique role of the ensemble modeling efforts—which included an ensemble sensitivity analysis—to both guide the observational strategies and help address the potential impacts of such enhanced observations on short-term convective forecasting. Preliminary results of retrospective data assimilation experiments are discussed, as are data analyses showing upscale convective feedbacks.
Global Radiative–Convective Equilibrium in the Community Atmosphere Model, Version 5
Authors: Reed Kevin A. , Medeiros Brian , Bacmeister Julio T. , Lauritzen Peter H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
In the continued effort to understand the climate system and improve its representation in atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs), it is crucial to develop reduced-complexity frameworks to evaluate these models. This is especially true as the AGCM community advances toward high horizontal resolutions (i.e., grid spacing less than 50 km), which will require interpreting and improving the performance of many model components. A simplified global radiative–convective equilibrium (RCE) configuration is proposed to explore the implication of horizontal resolution on equilibrium climate. RCE is the statistical equilibrium in which the radiative cooling of the atmosphere is balanced by heating due to convection.
In this work, the Community Atmosphere Model, version 5 (CAM5), is configured in RCE to better understand tropical climate and extremes. The RCE setup consists of an ocean-covered Earth with diurnally varying, spatially uniform insolation and no rotation effects. CAM5 is run at two horizontal resolutions: a standard resolution of approximately 100-km grid spacing and a high resolution of approximately 25-km spacing. Surface temperature effects are considered by comparing simulations using fixed, uniform sea surface temperature with simulations using an interactive slab-ocean model. The various CAM5 configurations provide useful insights into the simulation of tropical climate as well as the model’s ability to simulate extreme precipitation events. In particular, the manner in which convection organizes is shown to be dependent on model resolution and the surface configuration (including surface temperature), as evident by differences in cloud structure, circulation, and precipitation intensity.
Two-Stage Filtering for Joint State-Parameter Estimation
Authors: Santitissadeekorn Naratip , Jones Christopher 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
This paper presents an approach for the simultaneous estimation of the state and unknown parameters in a sequential data assimilation framework. The state augmentation technique, in which the state vector is augmented by the model parameters, has been investigated in many previous studies and some success with this technique has been reported in the case where model parameters are additive. However, many geophysical or climate models contain nonadditive parameters such as those arising from physical parameterization of subgrid-scale processes, in which case the state augmentation technique may become ineffective. This is due to the fact that the inference of parameters from partially observed states based on the cross covariance between states and parameters is inadequate if states and parameters are not linearly correlated. In this paper, the authors propose a two-stage filtering technique that runs particle filtering (PF) to estimate parameters while updating the state estimate using an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF). These two “subfilters” interact recursively based on the point estimates computed at each stage. The applicability of the proposed method is demonstrated using the Lorenz-96 system, where the forcing is parameterized and the amplitude and phase of the forcing are to be estimated jointly with the state. The proposed method is shown to be capable of estimating these model parameters with a high accuracy as well as reducing uncertainty while the state augmentation technique fails.
Detection of Bacterial Biofilms in Chronic Pharyngitis Resistant to Medical Treatment
Authors: Badran Hatem , Salah Mohamad , Fawzy Mohamed , Sayed Amal , Ghaith Doaa 
Published: February 2015

Objective: To evaluate the role played by adenoids as a reservoir for infection in children assigned for adenoidectomy. Methodology: The study included 35 children with adenoid hypertrophy. All patients underwent clinical examination and adenoidectomy, adenotonsillectomy, or myringotomy with insertion of aeration tube according to indications. Surgical specimens were processed for conventional bacterial culture examination and to assay for biofilm formation. The obtained adherence values using spectrophotometer at 595 nm (OD595) was used to classify isolates according to its biofilm forming capacity. Results: We did adenotonsillectomy and myringotomy with insertion of aeration tube in 5 patients having adenotonsillitis with otitis media with effusion. We did adenotonsillectomy in 12 patients having adenotonsillitis and adenoidectomy in 18 patients having adenoid hypertrophy. Thirty-one surgical specimens showed bacterial growth on conventional media, while 4 specimens failed to give growth. The predominant organism was H influenzae then Staph aureus and Strept pneumoniae. Thirty-two specimens showed biofilm forming capacity (BFC) of variable extent, while others showed no BFC. Conclusion: Adenoids act as a bacterial reservoir secondary to bacterial biofilm formation so could induce chronicity and initiate development of complications. Determination of BFC using the proposed protocol is feasible, inexpensive, and available and spares the need for sophisticated instruments or approaches.
A Unique Case of Bilateral Recurrent Sphenoid Sinus Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks
Authors: Marston Alexander P. , Van Gompel Jamie J. , Carlson Matthew L. , O’Brien Erin K. 
Published: February 2015

Objectives: This case presents a previously undescribed clinical scenario of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks secondary to a lateral sphenoid sinus recess skull base dehiscence and contralateral Sternberg’s canal. This case report aims to characterize the presentation and successful management of these lesions. Methods: The electronic medical record was used to collect information pertaining to the patient’s clinical history. Results: The patient was a middle-aged, obese female with persistent clear rhinorrhea as her only presenting symptom. Neuroradiologic studies localized the defect to the lateral sphenoid sinus recess. CSF opening pressures were within normal limits, but radiographic findings were consistent with elevated intracranial pressure. After an endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal approach failed to resolve the CSF leak, a transpterygoid approach facilitated CSF leak resolution. The patient then did well for the following 2 years, but later developed a CSF leak through a contralateral Sternberg’s canal. An endoscopic suprapterygoid procedure and ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement led to CSF leak resolution. Conclusion: This case demonstrates one of the only published examples of a sphenoid sinus CSF leak secondary to Sternberg’s canal as it was originally described in the literature. Wide endoscopic surgical exposure and intracranial pressure management ultimately led to CSF leak resolution.
Measuring negative and positive caregiving experiences: a psychometric analysis of the Caregiver Strain Index Expanded
Authors: Kruithof Willeke J , Post Marcel WM , Visser-Meily Johanna MA 
Published: February 2015

Objective: To compare the psychometric properties of the Caregiver Strain Index Expanded with those of the original Caregiver Strain Index among partners of stroke patients. Design and subjects: Cross-sectional validation study among 173 caregivers of stroke patients six months post-stroke. Main measures: Outcome measure: Caregiver Strain Index Expanded. Reference measures: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, two questions on life satisfaction, Barthel Index and Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Additionally, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. Results: Neither the Caregiver Strain Index Expanded nor the original Caregiver Strain Index showed floor or ceiling effects. The sum score of the positive items showed a ceiling effect and was skewed to the right (2.20). Principal component analysis revealed no clear underlying item clustering. Alpha values of the Caregiver Strain Index Expanded and the original Caregiver Strain Index were good (0.82 and 0.83), but the alpha value of the positive subscale of the Caregiver Strain Index Expanded was too low (0.51). Convergent validity was confirmed for the Caregiver Strain Index Expanded, the original Caregiver Strain Index and the positive subscale. The Caregiver Strain Index Expanded and the original Caregiver Strain Index showed nearly identical correlations with the reference measures. Negative caregiving experiences were more strongly related to partners’ mood and life satisfaction than positive caregiving experiences. In the regression analyses, the positive subscale showed little added value in predicting partners’ mood and life satisfaction. Conclusion: The addition of five positively phrased items does not improve the psychometric properties of the Caregiver Strain Index.
Comparison of clinical vignettes and standardized patients as measures of physiotherapists’ activity and work recommendations in patients with non-specific low back pain
Authors: Brunner Emanuel , Probst Michel , Meichtry André , Luomajoki Hannu , Dankaerts Wim 
Published: February 2015

Objective: To validate clinical vignettes as a measure of physiotherapists’ activity and work recommendations given to patients with non-specific low back pain. Design: Validation study comparing two methods for measuring aspects of health providers’ clinical management: Clinical vignettes and unannounced visits of standardized patients (the gold standard). Setting: Outpatient physiotherapy clinics. Subjects: Physiotherapists ( N = 59) who consented to see unannounced standardized patients in their clinical practice. Main measures: Clinical vignettes were used to initially measure physiotherapists’ self-reported activity and work recommendations. Subsequently, actors performing as standardized patients visited physiotherapists in their clinical practice and rated the advice given by the physiotherapist regarding activity and work. A total of 23 standardized patients were randomly scheduled to physiotherapists. Physiotherapists were blinded towards the standardized patients. To test whether standardized patients were detected, physiotherapists reported if they suspected that they had treated an actor. Results: The 23 standardized patients visited 22 different physiotherapists. Physiotherapists detected 12 out of 23 unannounced standardized patients (detection rate: 52%). The estimated agreement between the two measures was poor, for both activity and work recommendations (weighted kappa coefficients: 0.29 resp. –0.21). Conclusion: The poor concordance between clinical vignettes and standardized patients indicates the potentially limited validity of clinical vignettes as a measure of health providers’ activity and work recommendations in low back pain practice.
Ambient air pollution, weather and daily emergency department visits for headache
Authors: Vodonos Alina , Novack Victor , Zlotnik Yair , Ifergane Gal 
Published: February 2015

Background Headache is a common condition, and a common complaint leading patients to emergency departments (ED). There have been a number of studies of the effect of environmental factors on headache, such as weather and air pollutants. Methods This retrospective cohort study included data on daily ED visits with a chief complaint of headache in Soroka University Medical Center (SUMC) during 2002–2012. Data on weather and air pollutants were obtained from monitor station in Be'er-Sheva. To estimate the short-term effects of air pollution and temperature on number of daily headache ED visits, we applied generalized linear mixed models (GLMM). Results A total of 22,021 ED visits were included in the analysis. An increase in 5℃ in temperature was associated with an increase in ED visits, relative risk (RR) = 1.042, (95% CI 1.009; 1.076). RR for headache was associated with an increase in 10 units of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), RR = 1.110 (95% CI 1.057; 1.167), with a higher effect for older patients. Discussion The current findings give evidence of an association between air pollution, weather and ED visits for headache, especially for NO2. Short-term increases in air pollution exposure may trigger headache by increasing pulmonary and systemic inflammation, increasing blood coagulability or altering endothelial function.