bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generic Approach of Integrating Core Data, and Petrophysical Interpretation to Generate Reliable Facies Model in Absence of Seismic Attribute Analysis- West Qarun Field Case Study
Authors: Mira Ali , El-Behairy Amr , El-Rahman Mohamed M.Abd , Naby Mohamed Abdel , Rizk Mahmoud 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
No doubt that facies modelling process is a key process during building the static model which dominates all the petrophysical distribution after that. One of the best way to describe the facies change laterally across the reservoir is seismic attributes interpretation. However; unfortunately seismic attribute doesn't show accurate results in Western Desert in Egypt mostly because the reservoirs thickness is relative small.
Several trials on seismic attributes were performed during performing a study on West Qarun field which is located in Abu El-Gharadig basin, Western Desert, Egypt but without reaching conclusive results. West Qarun wells are producing mainly from Middle Abu Rawash “G”, and Lower Abu Rawash “G” reservoirs which their thickness ranges from 30 to 60 ft.
This paper presents another approach that was utilized to create facies log for each well integrating the petrophysical interpretation output and the core data as well. After that a thickness map for each facies per each reservoir was created. The resulted maps were utilized for facies model creation and consequently dominated the petrophysical properties distribution: porosity, permeability, and initial water saturation.
Permeability-Porosity relationship was described as a function of flow zone indicator (FZI) considering the distributed facies model. Defining FZI range for each facies type yields to more accurate reservoir characterization and prevents usage of unreliable permeability multipliers during history match process.
In spite of the absence of seismic attributes conclusive results, the resultant model showed excellent results during dynamic model in terms of production potential of different areas of the reservoir and the connectivity between different wells. The model showed good well by well match, total field match specially the ongoing pilot water injection project and also helped in planning the complete water injection project.
A Process-Oriented Approach for Assisted-History Matching and Calibrating Comingled production Wells Using Post-Production RFT Data and The Recently Commercialized Optimization Techniques- Ganna Field Case Study
Authors: Mira Ali , El-Behairy Amr , El-Rahman Mohamed M.Abd , El-Ghattas Ahmed 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Ganna field is a part of North Bahariya concession which is located in Abu El-Gharadig basin, Western Desert, Egypt. The field was discovered and started production in 2004 through the well Ganna-1 from Middle Abu Roash “G” reservoir. Five main reservoirs were tested and produced during the field life namely Abu Roash “E”, Upper Abu Roash “G”, Middle Abu Roash “G”, Lower Abu Roash “G”, and Upper Bahariya. A 3D reservoir simulation study was performed to aid in field future development.
Major challenges appeared during history matching process. The main challenge was the commingled production wells producing from multiple reservoirs with different characteristics. Even most of the static pressure points were measured commingle as well.
Post-production RFT data was the key utilized to calibrate the history match and reach the most accurate reservoir characterization for each reservoir individually. The history match strategy depended only on global modifications using the new commercialized optimization techniques.
Previously, model calibration or history matching has commonly been conducted on a single deterministic model by “manual” or “Trial and Error” approach. With recent advances in the application of uncertainty and optimization in numerical reservoir simulation it became a must to assess the effect of different parameters not only during history matching but also its effect on the forecast through producing a probabilistic forecasting (3). The feasibility of using the manual history matching with a single deterministic model has become questionable.
A Physically-sound proper set of parameters with realistic ranges are introduced at each stage of the process in logical order and introduced to optimizers to get the best history matched case with a possibility of considering more than one history matched case for a probabilistic forecasting scenarios (4).
This paper will present the approach utilized for calibrating the comingled production wells throughout post-production RFT data using the new uncertainty & optimization module to obtain the best global matched model.
Understanding the Mechanism of Nanoparticles Applications in Enhanced Oil Recovery
Authors: El-Diasty Abdelrahman Ibrahim , Aly Ahmed M. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Innovative techniques are highly required in the O&G industry to meet the future demand of the hydrocarbon fuels, significant efforts have been exerted on the development of new innovative technologies to increase the oil recovery. Nanotechnology has provided new promising approaches to enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques in old and marginal fields.
Nanoparticles have been developed for various applications in reservoir engineering and EOR fields. Using nanoparticles for EOR applications refers to their small size compared to the pore throat sizes; therefore, they could easily move into porous rocks without severe influence on permeability.
The applications of nanoparticles to enhance the oil recovery can be summarized in three approaches; Nanocatalysts, Nanoemulsions, and Nanofluids. In this paper, the different possible displacement mechanisms of the nanofluids are discussed.
Integrated Petrophysical Approach on the Reservoir Characterization of Shaly-Sand Thin bedded Formation. A Case Study of Upper. BAHARIYA Formation in Misaada Field, Abu Gharadig basin, Egypt
Authors: Shokry I. M. , Elyazid K. A. , Clerk C.. , ElAnbaawy M. I. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
An integration work flow between detailed log data analysis, characterization methodology, and core data { petrophysical, XRD, thin sections, petrological and sedimentological description } is very important to detect the diagenetic constraints for reservoir quality in shaly-sand reservoirs in order to build a more robust petrophysical model.
The work flow enables the identification of the types of clay minerals which detected during this study that affect porosity/permeability relationship. The dispersed distribution of clay minerals complicate the petrophysical analysis when using conventional tools to identify the different reservoirs zones, hence we resorted to another Petrophysical approach in reservoir characterization such as probabilistic petrophysical approach corrected to core data and thin sections analysis which have a significant clarification of the clay minerals that help in porosity preservation.
This study will allow the understanding of the factors which have a direct effect on the petophysical parameters and properties (porosity, permeability, fluid identification and characterization, fluid saturations) as well as tracking the influence of clay minerals typing (Chlorite, Kaolinite, Illite) that will lead to better detection of reservoir characterization to improve enhanced oil recovery (EOR). However, the dissolution of initial carbonate cement and the unstable feldspar grains may be the most diagenetic factor that enhanced the Bahariya reservoir quality.
The proposal of this workflow is to build a petrophysical model of this field and can provide with better porosity and fluid saturation, hence these parameters will affecting the calculations of net pay in the reservoirs.
An Innovative Technique to Grade and Scale Shale Sweetspots
Authors: Algarhy A.A.. A. , Bateman R.M.. M. , Soliman M.Y.. Y. , Afify Walid 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The Sweetspot Quality Index (SSQI) is a single index that represents the quality of a shale sweetspot. Four indices are used to calculate the SSQI: the Reservoir Quality Index (RQI), Completion Quality Index (CQI), Conventional Behavior Index (CBI), and Operation Index (OI). The RQI is calculated from porosities (rock porosity, organic porosity, and natural fractures), saturation, TOC, Ro, and reservoir pressure, and the CQI is calculated from shale brittleness, and the existence of micro fractures and laminations. The CBI is calculated from porosity, permeability, saturations, reservoir pressure, viscosity, and residual oil, and the OI is estimated from hydrocarbon market price, source rock depth, and cost of operations. These four indices include all the approaches that compare and evaluate shale plays and together offer a more complete view of grading and scaling shale sweetspots.
The proposed technique has been applied to different data sets from North American shale plays, and the final results are very consistent with best practices. Due to this consistency, this approach has the potential to become a standard evaluation technique for E&P and service companies.
Feasibility of Gas Lift to Increase Oil Production in an Iraqi Giant Oil Field
Authors: Al-Fatlawi O. F. , Al-Jawad M.. , Alwan K. A. , Essa A. A. , Sadeq D.. , Mousa A. J. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Gas lift is one of the artificial lift techniques which it is frequently implemented to raise oil production. Conventionally, the oil wells produce depending on the energy of reservoir pressure and solution gas which declines due to continuous production. Therefore, many oil wells after a certain production time become unable to lift oil to the surface. Thus, the continuity of production requires implementation of gas lift which works to decrease the average fluid density in the tubing by injection gas through the annulus into the tubing. This paper aims to get maximum oil production of an Iraqi giant oil field at optimum injected gas rate. The field is located in south of Iraq and includes 67 wells.
In this paper, new model is designed to matching PVT data, matching vertical pressure drop calculations, making sensitivity analysis of wellhead temperature variation, making sensitivity analysis of productivity index variation, achievement of optimum design of gas lift and finding optimum values of oil production and injected gas rate.
The gas lift design is implemented within two cases. The first case aims to get the maximum oil production using flowing bottom hole pressure cut off as 50 psi above the bubble point pressure at certain depth. Whereas in the second plan, the same cut off value is maintained while keeping the injected gas oil ratio below or equals 350 SCF/STB. The two constraints are applied according to the policy of the operating company for the field under study.
This results show the implementation of the gas lift technique can increase oil production from 64379 STB/D to 302712 STB/D in the first case and to 272359 STB/D in the second case. In addition, 45 ceased wells were brought to production by implementation of the gas lift. The model predicts that the required injected gas rates to produce the new production are 186.3 MMSCF/D and 74.606 MMSCF/D in the first and second cases respectively. The main conclusions lead to the application of gas lift technique for this reservoir can increase the oil production volume significantly.
Pressure Transient Analysis for Composite Tight Oil Reservoirs after Fracturing
Authors: Xu Jianchun , Han Guangwei , Jiang Ruizhong , Deng Qi , Zhao Yulong 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this paper, a new mathematical model of multistage fractured horizontal well (MsFHW) considering stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) was proposed for tight oil reservoir considering different regions and formation properties. In this model, two regions with different formation parameters were distinguished. Non-steady state flow in matrix was considered which is reasonable for tight oil/gas formations. The SRV is characterized by the inner region. Both inner and outer regions were assumed as dual porosity medium. Then, the solution of multistage fractured horizontal well performance analysis model is obtained by the point source function method and the source function superposition principle. The pressure transient analysis (PTA) for well producing at a constant production rate was obtained and discussed. At last, different flow regimes were divided based on PTA curves. The effects of related parameters such as SRV radius, inner-porosity coefficient, mobility ratio, fracture number, fracture half-length and fracture spacing were analyzed.
An Integrated Approach to Improve Safety Margins While Drilling – A Case Study from Ha'py Field, Offshore Nile Delta
Authors: El Waseef Mohamed , Bentham Peter , Wild Lorraine , Mansour Mohamed , Ismail Saher , El Kasrawy Gamal , Raslan Samir , Mahmoud Moustafa 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis study has been focusing on planning wells, which target lower Pleistocene reservoirs below a depleted Ha'py gas field. Many Non Productive time events (NPT) have been anticipated, and the challenges of losing wells and running over budget have been considered as major risks in targeting the deeper prospects.Years of production from the main Pleistocene A20 reservoir has resulted in significant pressure depletion, while underlying largely-undeveloped Pleistocene reservoirs appear to be very promising they remain at or close to virgin conditions. In addition, the position of the platform at the centre of the field has made it necessary to drill highly-deviated wells to access remaining reserves at the crest of the field.Detailed planning and close collaboration between the PhPC (Pharaonic Petroleum Company) subsurface and drilling teams has been necessary to understand the geological and geomechanical properties of the key formations. This has helped in selecting appropriate mud rheology and mud additives in addition to ensuring good drilling practices that maximise safety and success. The combined effects of depletion and low rock strength make it effectively impossible to drill the A20 interval with the mud weights required to minimize well bore instability. As a result, stress cage additives were employed in the drilling mud in order to reduce the potential for losses due to the large overbalance against the depleted sand. Modeling prior to drilling suggested this application lay close to the technical limit of the stress cage methodology, and was beyond anything previously attempted within the Pleistocene reservoirs in the offshore Nile Delta.Careful execution meant we were able to successfully drill through the depleted zone, and as a result of this work, we have been able to deepen recent wells to access underlying gas resources. This success has allowed us to reduce NPT while ensuring safe well operations.
Eliminate Pre-Flush and/or Post-Flush Acid Stages During Hydrofluoric Acid Treatments: Experimental and Field Cases
Authors: Gomaa Ahmed M. , Stolyarov Sergey , Cutler Jennifer 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The goal of sandstone matrix acidizing is to remove siliceous particles such as formation clay, feldspar, and quartz fines that are blocking or bridging pore throats. This is accomplished by injecting acid formulations containing hydrofluoric (HF) acid or its precursors, as HF is the only common acid that dissolves siliceous particles sufficiently. Standard treatments include pre-flush and/or post-flush stages of HCl acid to minimize the potential for calcium fluoride and other secondary precipitation. However, there is no guarantee that the HF acid stage will follow the path of the preflush stage; therefore, precipitation could still occur. In addition, the fast reaction of HF acid with clay minerals presents another challenge to effectively stimulating deep sandstone formations.
This paper presents experimental and field case studies with a sandstone acidizing treatment designed to retard the HF reaction rate and enable single-stage treatment -- eliminating the pre- and post-flush HCl acid stages and thereby reducing treatment complexity and treatment/rig time.
Extensive laboratory testing was performed using a variety of quarried sandstone cores with varying amounts of clay minerals, feldspar, and carbonate to confirm the ability to stimulate a wide range of sandstone formations. Also, formation core material was evaluated to confirm the results. Static solubility tests indicated that around 80% of the treated formation was soluble in the new acid system formulation. Coreflood testing noted an improvement in permeability of as much as 326%. Also, corrosion tests conducted using different metallurgy showed a very low corrosion rate (less than 0.005 lb/ft2 for N–80 and less than 0.02 lb/ft2 for Cr–13). Using coiled tubing, the new design was injected into three deep offshore wells, resulting in injectivity increases of 227%, 236%, and 256%. This paper will describe in detail the experimental result and the successful field treatments.
The Effect of Frequency and Automation of Internal Control Testing on External Auditor Reliance on the Internal Audit Function
Authors: Farkas Maia J. , Hirsch Rina M. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT
Failure of the internal audit function (IAF) to detect a significant deficiency in internal controls is a significant shortcoming in the IAF's work performance. This shortcoming in the IAF's work performance reduces external auditors' willingness to rely on the IAF's work. Using a two-stage experiment, we investigate how the implementation of three different internal control testing remediation strategies (akin to CCM, ACL, and periodic manual testing), which vary in their automation and frequency, affect external auditors' perceptions of IAF strength and planned reliance on the IAF's work. We find that automated remediation strategies fully remediate external auditors' perceptions of poor IAF work performance and low degree of reliance on the IAF, whereas manual remediation strategies result in only partial remediation. Counterintuitively, less frequent remediation strategies are more effective at improving perceptions of poor IAF work performance and low levels of reliance on the IAF, relative to continuous remediation strategies.
Las edades de la migración boliviana en Argentina: Córdoba y Ushuaia como destino
Authors: Magliano María José , Mallimaci Barral Ana Inés 
Published: September 2015

A partir de los resultados de un trabajo de campo cualitativo realizado en dos ciudades argentinas, Córdoba y Ushuaia, el propósito de este trabajo es la comparación socio-histórica de las migraciones de personas nacidas en Bolivia en dichas ciudades de acuerdo al momento de su arribo, las diferentes localizaciones territoriales, las formas que adquiere la migración así como también las principales trayectorias laborales en los lugares dedestino. La categoría edades de la migración, acuñada por Sayad (1977), es recuperada aquí para pensar las complejidades y diferenciaciones de la presencia continua e histórica de migrantes bolivianos en el territorio nacional y sus trayectorias que manifiestan distintos momentos de la migración. El análisis que proponemos parte de la premisa que la historia de la propia migración boliviana hacia Argentina se expresa en un saber hacer migratorio acumulado y naturalizado a través de vastas generaciones de migrantes que condiciona las formas y repertorios migratorios disponibles de varones y mujeres, especialmente cuando la migración resulta una estrategia para la reproducción familiar.
Boundary Control Problems in Convective Heat Transfer with Lifting Function Approach and Multigrid Vanka-Type Solvers
Authors: Aulisa Eugenio , Bornia Giorgio , Manservisi Sandro 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis paper deals with boundary optimal control problems for the heat and Navier-Stokes equations and addresses the issue of defining controls in function spaces which are naturally associated to the volume variables by trace restriction. For this reason we reformulate the boundary optimal control problem into a distributed problem through a lifting function approach. The stronger regularity requirements which are imposed by standard boundary control approaches can then be avoided. Furthermore, we propose a new numerical strategy that allows to solve the coupled optimality system in a robust way for a large number of unknowns. The optimality system resulting from a finite element discretization is solved by a local multigrid algorithm with domain decomposition Vanka-type smoothers. The purpose of these smoothers is to solve the optimality system implicitly over subdomains with a small number of degrees of freedom, in order to achieve robustness with respect to the regularization parameters in the cost functional. We present the results of some test cases where temperature is the observed quantity and the control quantity corresponds to the boundary values of the fluid temperature in a portion of the boundary. The control region for the observed quantity is a part of the domain where it is interesting to match a desired temperature value.
Virginia Woolf's Cinegraphic Poetics in The Years
Authors: Marie Caroline 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
This article analyzes the cinegraphic quality of The Years by Virginia Woolf. It does not seek to prove direct influences but establishes correspondences between the poetics of Virginia Woolf's novel and films by Serguei Eisenstein, René Clair, Francis Picabia, and German expressionists as well as the theater of its time, which was also under the influence of cinema. Just as these films do, The Years rethinks the relationship between time and space, or “Here & Now,” one of its working titles. Its attempt to render point of view anonymous, its representation of perception as movement, and its use of anamorphosis as transition create moments that overflow their limits so that the present moment is constructed as time in exile. Such time that adheres to space too much or too little is to be read in the light of Gilles Deleuze's concept of aiôn as well as according to his theory of the “dream-image.”