bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spannbett‐Vorspannung dünner Carbonbeton‐Platten
Authors: Forstlechner Franz Xaver , Freytag Bernhard , Peters Stefan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDer vorliegende Bericht beschreibt Untersuchungen über die Eignung besandeter CFK‐Lamellen als Spannglieder für dünne Carbonbeton‐Platten. Da die Einleitung der Vorspannkraft ausschließlich über Verbund zwischen Spannglied und Beton erfolgt, werden im Rahmen der Arbeit Auszieh‐ und Spannkraft‐Einleitungsversuche durchgeführt. Durch die Versuche wird die Verbund‐Arbeitslinie ermittelt und die Einleitungslänge der Vorspannkraft abgeschätzt. Darüber hinaus wird durch 4‐Punkt‐Biegeversuche das Tragverhalten vorgespannter Carbonbeton‐Platten untersucht und die Einflüsse der Verbundfestigkeit erörtert. Auf Grundlage der gewonnen Erkenntnisse wird ein Modell zur Beschreibung des Biegetragverhaltens erstellt und ein Bemessungskonzept abgeleitet.Pre‐tensioning of thin‐walled carbon‐concrete slabsThe present article describes investigations on the suitability of sanded CFRP‐slats as tendons for thin‐walled carbon‐concrete slabs. Since the pre‐stressing force is introduced into the member only by bond between tendon and concrete, pull‐out and pre‐stress introduction tests are performed in the context of this work. Based on the results of these tests the bond‐slip diagram is determined and the pre‐stress introduction length is estimated. Furthermore, the structural behaviour of pre‐stressed carbon‐concrete slabs is investigated by means of bending tests, and the influences of reinforcement's bond characteristics are discussed. From the obtained test results a model is derived describing the bending behaviour. Finally, dimensioning recommendations for pre‐stressed carbon‐concrete slabs are proposed.
Zeitliche Entwicklung der Betondruckfestigkeit und ihr Einfluss auf das Tragverhalten von Befestigungen
Authors: Zeman Oliver , Schwenn Michael , Bergmeister Konrad 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDie Zunahme der Betondruckfestigkeit im Laufe der Zeit ist ein durch eine Vielzahl an Versuchen und Untersuchungen bekanntes Phänomen. Die zur Abschätzung der zeitlichen Entwicklung bekannten semi‐empirischen Formelapparate lassen nur die Bestimmung eines Schätzwerts zu. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags soll gezeigt werden, dass auf Grundlage vorhandener Prüfergebnisse die Gültigkeit dieser Abschätzung für eine statistisch relevante Vielzahl an Ergebnissen auch bei von den Standardbedingungen abweichenden Lagerungsbedingungen angenommen werden kann. Darüber hinaus wird auf Grundlage der sich zeitlich verändernden Betondruckfestigkeit von Probekörpern die Entwicklung der Ausbruchslasten in Beton mit einer erhöhten Betondruckfestigkeit im Vergleich zum Standardbeton C20/25 betrachtet. Anhand von Versuchsreihen, welche an verschiedenen Befestigungssystemen durchgeführt wurden, kann gezeigt werden, dass auch bei höherer Betondruckfestigkeit bei vergleichbaren Versagensmechanismen davon ausgegangen werden kann, dass die Einzelresultate derselben statistischen Grundgesamtheit entstammen.Time dependent development of concrete compressive strength and the influence on the bearing capacity of post‐installed anchoragesThe increase of the concrete compressive strength is a well‐known phenomenon and has been proved by lots of investigations. Nevertheless the semi‐empiric formulas only allow the determination of an estimated value. Within this contribution based on test results it is discussed if these formulas can also be applied in deviating environmental conditions of the test members. In addition based on the time dependent behaviour of the concrete compressive strength test series of post‐installed anchorages in standard concrete C20/25 are compared to tests which have been performed in concrete with a higher strength which does no longer fulfil the requirements of the relevant regulations. In case of invariant failure modes it is shown that on a few test series of anchorages the test results in the higher strength concrete can be seen statistically based from the same population.
Inhibition of cell adhesion and immune responses in the mouse model of collagen‐induced arthritis with a peptidomimetic that blocks CD2‐CD58 interface interactions
Authors: Gokhale Ameya S. , Sable Rushikesh , Walker Jason D. , McLaughlin Leslie , Kousoulas Konstantin G. , Jois Seetharama D. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTCD2 and CD58 are two important costimulatory molecules involved in generating the signal II required for normal immune signaling. However, this interaction can be targeted to be of benefit in cases of abnormal immune signaling seen in autoimmune diseases. Our objective in this study was to design a peptidomimetic (compound 7) based on a β‐strand structure of the adhesion domain of CD2 protein to inhibit CD2‐CD58 protein‐protein interaction and its effect on immunomodulation in the collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) model. The ability of compound 7 to bind to CD58 protein was assessed using flow cytometry. The effect of compound 7 on modulating the immune response was evaluated in an autoimmune disease using CIA in mice. The stability of compound 7 was evaluated in mouse serum using mass spectrometry. Antibody (Ab) binding inhibition studies suggested that compound 7 binds to CD58 protein. Compound 7 was successful in modulating immune responses when administered in the CIA mouse model along with reducing anti‐collagen Ab levels and decreasing the level of interferon gamma (IFN‐γ) relative to control treatments. Compound 7 was found to be nonimmunogenic and stable in mouse serum up to 48 h. Results suggest that compound 7 can serve as a lead compound for immunomodulation, and could be a therapeutic agent for the autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis (RA). © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 104: 733–742, 2015.
Automated pipeline for rapid production and screening of HIV‐specific monoclonal antibodies using pichia pastoris
Authors: Shah Kartik A. , Clark John J. , Goods Brittany A. , Politano Timothy J. , Mozdzierz Nicholas J. , Zimnisky Ross M. , Leeson Rachel L. , Love J.Christopher , Love Kerry R. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTMonoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that bind and neutralize human pathogens have great therapeutic potential. Advances in automated screening and liquid handling have resulted in the ability to discover antigen‐specific antibodies either directly from human blood or from various combinatorial libraries (phage, bacteria, or yeast). There remain, however, bottlenecks in the cloning, expression and evaluation of such lead antibodies identified in primary screens that hinder high‐throughput screening. As such, “hit‐to‐lead identification” remains both expensive and time‐consuming. By combining the advantages of overlap extension PCR (OE–PCR) and a genetically stable yet easily manipulatable microbial expression host Pichia pastoris, we have developed an automated pipeline for the rapid production and screening of full‐length antigen‐specific mAbs. Here, we demonstrate the speed, feasibility and cost‐effectiveness of our approach by generating several broadly neutralizing antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 2624–2629. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Von der Krebsschale in die Creme
Authors: Brück Wolfram , Bracharz Felix , Brück Dieter W. , Brück Thomas B. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractChitin ist eines der am häufigsten vorkommenden Biopolymere der Erde. Große Mengen dieses Rohstoffes können aus Schalenresten der Fischerei‐Industrie gewonnen werden. Allerdings sind die etablierten chemischen Technologien mit hohen Umweltbelastungen verbunden. Die mikrobiologische Fermentation und der Einsatz von Enzymen zur Gewinnung des Polymers haben sich als wertvolle Alternative erwiesen, bei der gleichzeitig auch andere Wertstoffe gewonnen werden können. Allerdings ist durch die Vielfalt der benutzten Organismen und Bedingungen und die daraus folgenden unterschiedlichen Ausbeuten schwer zu beurteilen, welche Methode sich am besten zur industriellen Produktion eignet. Chitin und seine Derivate zeigen jedoch großes Potenzial als Antioxidantien, Antimikrobiotika und Bindemittel und finden bereits in der Lebensmitteltechnik, der Medizin, in der Landwirtschaft und in Konsumgütern Verwendung. Um die Innovation auf diesem Gebiet voranzutreiben, ist ein interdisziplinärer Ansatz aus Biologie und Chemie erforderlich.
Krieg der Korallen
Authors: Knop Daniel 
Published: June 2015

AbstractKorallen haben als festsitzende Nesseltiere zahlreiche Strategien entwickelt, um im Kampf um die begrenzte Ressource Siedlungsraum zu bestehen. Dazu gehören neben Konfliktvermeidung durch schnelles Wachstum und ausgeprägten Höhenwuchs auch aggressives Verhalten, bei dem das gegnerische Körpergewebe nicht nur zerstört, sondern sogar verdaut und resorbiert wird, um aus dessen Untergang Vorteile zu ziehen.
“Flora Graeca” – das teuerste Botanik‐Buch der Welt in der Universitätsbibliothek Darmstadt
Authors: Schneckenburger Stefan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractZwischen 1806 und 1840 erschien in England die zehnbändige “Flora Graeca”, die als das schönste und teuerste je gedruckte botanische Buch gilt. Darüber hinaus ist es eines der seltensten Werke: Es wurden nur 25 Exemplare produziert. Seit einigen Monaten erst ist bekannt, dass die Hessische Universitäts‐ und Landesbibliothek in Darmstadt eines davon besitzt.
Vom Labor in die Küche: Alginat
Authors: Hauk Andrea 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWussten Sie, dass sich Spitzenköche aus dem Fundus der Labormethoden inspirieren lassen? So finden verschiedene Techniken in der so genannten “molekularen Küche” Verwendung. Neben der Eisherstellung mittels flüssigem Stickstoff, der Fleischzubereitung im Vakuumgarer oder dem Aufschäumen verschiedener Flüssigkeiten kommt die Alginat‐Methode, die wir unter anderem aus Laborexperimenten kennen, zur Anwendung.
Wollbienen und Weinschwärmer: Insekten‐Highlights im Hochsommer
Authors: Petrischak Hannes 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDie Vielfalt der Insekten wird auch im Garten durch verblüffende Verhaltensweisen, einen manchmal skurril anmutenden Körperbau und interessante Lebenszyklen repräsentiert. So regen Wollbienen‐Männchen, die einen ganzen Sommer lang auf der Terrasse ihre Lavendelblüten unermüdlich gegen alle anderen Blütenbesucher verteidigen, nicht selten zu stundenlangen Beobachtungen an.
Charge Transfer and Photocatalytic Activity in CuO/TiO2 Nanoparticle Heterojunctions Synthesised through a Rapid, One‐Pot, Microwave Solvothermal Route
Authors: Moniz Savio J. A. , Tang Junwang 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe front cover artwork for Issue 11/2015 is provided by the group of Dr. Junwang Tang, University College London. The image shows how solar energy can be utilised to efficiently decontaminate wastewater supplies by using nanostructured heterojunction photocatalysts. See the Full Paper itself at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201500315.
Energy Optimization for a Multistage Crude Oil Distillation Process
Authors: Gu Wugen , Wang Kan , Huang Yuqing , Zhang Bingjian , Chen Qinglin , Hui Chi‐Wai 
Published: June 2015

AbstractEnergy optimization is a hot research topic for design and operation of crude oil distillation plants. Optimum energy utilization in a multistage crude oil distillation process is achieved by optimizing the distillation load of each distillation column as well as the yield of the sidestreams of distillation columns. A generalized multistage distillation energy consumption model is proposed, and the optimal distillation load distribution is accomplished by minimizing the total energy consumption. Based on the optimal distillation loads, a nonlinear programming model is then formulated to determine the yields of sidestreams by maximizing the thermal exergy recovery for the crude oil plant. Finally, a four‐stage crude oil distillation plant is investigated to demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach. The results show a decrease in energy consumption and an increase in heat recovery.
In Situ Formation of Dual‐Phase Thermosensitive Ultrasmall Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: He Zidong , Zhong Aiqing , Zhang Hui , Xiong Linfeng , Xu Yang , Wang Tianqi , Zhou Minghong , Huang Kun 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA novel method for the in situ synthesis of dual‐phase thermosensitive ultrasmall gold nanoparticles (USGNPs) with diameters in the range of 1–3 nm was developed by using poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐block‐poly(N‐phenylethylenediamine methacrylamide) (PNIPAM‐b‐PNPEDMA) amphiphilic diblock copolymers as ligands. The PNPEDMA block promotes the in situ reduction of gold precursors to zero‐valent gold and subsequently binds to the surface of gold nanoparticles, while PNIPAM acts as a stabilizing and thermosensitive block. The as‐synthesized USGNPs stabilized by a thermosensitive PNIPAM layer exhibit a sharp, reversible, clear–opaque transition in aqueous solution between 30 and 38 °C. An unprecedented finding is that these USGNPs also show a reversible soluble–precipitate transition in nonpolar organic solvents such as chloroform at around 0 °C under acidic conditions.
Mask‐Like Symmetrical Microclusters through a Diffusion‐Limited Assembly Approach
Authors: Wu Hong , Tian Chunyong , Zhang Yufei , Shi Jiafu , Yang Chen , Zhang Songping , Jiang Zhongyi 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA diffusion‐limited assembly approach was explored to fabricate symmetrical [Cu(Succinate)]n microclusters with a different shape and size for the first time. The molecular structure of succinate and its coordination reaction capability towards copper(II) ions governed the one‐dimensional growth of the nanofibers and the concomitant formation of the microclusters. In detail, a symmetrical concentration gradient was formed around the endpoints of the nanofibers caused by the diffusion‐limited process at high reactant concentrations. The concentration gradient forced the nanofibers to grow divergently and further aggregate into open microcluster structure. The shape and size of the microclusters could be tuned by altering the concentration of the reactants. Particularly, mask‐like double‐hole symmetrical microclusters (MDHSMs) were obtained when the concentration of both reactants was as high as 140 mM. The resultant MDHSMs showed high selectivity in adsorption of dyes and proteins, and may find potential applications in water treatment, bioseparation, and immobilization of biomacromolecules.
Dual Role of the 1,2,3‐Triazolium Ring as a Hydrogen‐Bond Donor and Anion–π Receptor in Anion‐Recognition Processes
Authors: Zapata Fabiola , Gonzalez Lidia , Caballero Antonio , Alkorta Ibón , Elguero Jose , Molina Pedro 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSeveral bis(triazolium)‐based receptors have been synthesized as chemosensors for anion recognition. The central naphthalene core features two aryltriazolium side‐arms. NMR experiments revealed differences between the binding modes of the two triazolium rings: one triazolium ring acts as a hydrogen‐bond donor, the other as an anion–π receptor. Receptors 92+⋅2BF4− (C6H5), 112+⋅2BF4− (4‐NO2C6H4), and 132+⋅2BF4− (ferrocenyl) bind HP2O73− anions in a mixed‐binding mode that features a combination of hydrogen‐bonding and anion–π interactions and results in strong binding. On the other hand, receptor 102+⋅2 BF4− (4‐CH3OC6H4) only displays combined Csp2H/anion–π interactions between the two arms of the receptors and the bound anion rather than triazolium (CH)+⋅⋅⋅anion hydrogen bonding. All receptors undergo a downfield shift of the triazolium protons, as well as the inner naphthalene protons, in the presence of H2PO4− anions. That suggests that only hydrogen‐bonding interactions exist between the binding site and the bound anion, and involve a combination of cationic (triazolium) and neutral (naphthalene) CH donor interactions. Theoretical calculations relate the electronic structure of the substituent on the aromatic group with the interaction energies and provide a minimum‐energy conformation for all the complexes that explains their measured properties.
Spontaneous Generation of Chirality in Simple Diaryl Ethers
Authors: Lennartson Anders , Hedström Anna , Håkansson Mikael 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe studied the spontaneous formation of chiral crystals of four diaryl ethers, 3‐phenoxybenzaldehyde, 1; 1,3‐dimethyl‐2‐phenoxybenzene, 2; di(4‐aminophenyl) ether, 3; and di(p‐tolyl) ether, 4. Compounds 1, 3, and 4 form conformationally chiral molecules in the solid state, while the chirality of 2 arises from the formation of supramolecular helices. Compound 1 is a liquid at ambient temperature, but 2, 3, 4 are crystalline, and solid‐state CD‐spectroscopy showed that they could be obtained as optically active bulk samples. It should be noted that the optical activity arise upon crystallization, and no optically active precursors were used. Indeed, even commercial samples of 3 and 4 were found to be optically active, giving evidence for the ease at which total spontaneous resolution may occur in certain systems. Chirality 27:425‐429, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis, Chiral Separation, Absolute Configuration Assignment, and Biological Activity of Enantiomers of Retro‐1 as Potent Inhibitors of Shiga Toxin
Authors: Abdelkafi Hajer , Michau Aurélien , Clerget Alexandra , Buisson David‐Alexandre , Johannes Ludger , Gillet Daniel , Barbier Julien , Cintrat Jean‐Christophe 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe Shiga toxin (Stx) family is composed of related protein toxins produced by the bacteria Shigella dysenteriae and certain pathogenic strains of E. coli. No effective therapies for Stx intoxication have been developed yet. However, inhibitors that act on the intracellular trafficking of these toxins may provide new options for the development of therapeutic strategies. This study reports the synthesis, chromatographic separation, and pharmacological evaluation of the two enantiomers of Retro‐1, a compound active against Stx and other such protein toxins. Retro‐1 works by inhibiting retrograde transport of these toxins inside cells. In vitro experiments proved that the configuration of the stereocenter at position 5 is not crucial for the activity of this compound. X‐ray diffraction data revealed (S)‐Retro‐1 to be slightly more active than (R)‐Retro‐1.
MA‐NOTMP: A Triazacyclononane Trimethylphosphinate Based Bifunctional Chelator for Gallium Radiolabelling of Biomolecules
Authors: Poty Sophie , Désogère Pauline , Šimeček Jakub , Bernhard Claire , Goncalves Victor , Goze Christine , Boschetti Frédéric , Notni Johannes , Wester Hans J. , Denat Franck 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn the past few years, gallium‐68 has demonstrated significant potential as a radioisotope for positron emission tomography (PET), and the optimization of chelators for gallium coordination is a major goal in the development of radiopharmaceuticals. Methylaminotriazacyclononane trimethylphosphinate (MA‐NOTMP), a new C‐functionalized triazacyclononane derivative with phosphinate pendant arms, presents excellent coordination properties for 68Ga (low ligand concentration, labelling at low pH even at room temperature). A “ready‐to‐be‐grafted” bifunctional chelating agent (p‐NCS‐Bz‐MA‐NOTMP) was prepared to allow 68Ga labelling of sensitive biological vectors. Conjugation to a bombesin(7–14) derivative was performed, and preliminary in vitro experiments demonstrated the potential of MA‐NOTMP in the development of radiopharmaceuticals. This new chelator is therefore of major interest for labelling sensitive biomolecules, and further in vivo experiments will soon be performed.
Computational Study of Proton Transfer in Tautomers of 3‐ and 5‐Hydroxypyrazole Assisted by Water
Authors: Trujillo Cristina , Sánchez‐Sanz Goar , Alkorta Ibon , Elguero José 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe tautomerism of 3‐ and 5‐hydroxypyrazole is studied at the B3LYP, CCSD and G3B3 computational levels, including the gas phase, PCM–water effects, and proton transfer assisted by water molecules. To understand the propensity of tautomerization, hydrogen‐bond acidity and basicity of neutral species is approached by means of correlations between donor/acceptor ability and H‐bond interaction energies. Tautomerism processes are highly dependent on the solvent environment, and a significant reduction of the transition barriers upon solvation is seen. In addition, the inclusion of a single water molecule to assist proton transfer decreases the barriers between tautomers. Although the second water molecule further reduces those barriers, its effect is less appreciable than the first one. Neutral species present more stable minima than anionic and cationic species, but relatively similar transition barriers to anionic tautomers.
Self‐Alignment of Beads and Cell Trapping in Precipitate Tubes
Authors: Batista Bruno C. , Cruz Patrick , Steinbock Oliver 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPropagating reaction fronts allow the formation of materials in self‐sustained, steep concentration gradients, which would otherwise rapidly decay. These conditions can result in macroscopic, noncrystallographic structures, such as tubes with large aspect ratios. For hollow silica/Zn(OH)2 tubes, we report the inclusion of diverse mesoscopic building blocks ranging from polymer beads to biological cells. For agarose beads, we observe spontaneous alignment along vertical tracks; the nearly periodic spacing of the beads along these tracks follows a log‐normal distribution. We interpret this patterning in terms of hydrodynamic recruitment and discuss similarities to the adhesion dynamics of leukocytes in blood vessels. For diatoms and other cells, we observe novel surface textures, and yeast tagged with a green fluorescent protein shows strong fluorescence activity after trapping. The inclusion of these guest units should improve the possibilities for the application of these tubes in microfluidics and biotechnology.
Recycled Poly(vinyl alcohol) Sponge for Carbon Encapsulation of Size‐Tunable Tin Dioxide Nanocrystalline Composites
Authors: Ma Yue , Tai Cheuk‐Wai , Gustafsson Torbjörn , Edström Kristina 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe recycling of industrial materials could reduce their environmental impact and waste haulage fees and result in sustainable manufacturing. In this work, commercial poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) sponges are recycled into a macroporous carbon matrix to encapsulate size‐tunable SnO2 nanocrystals as anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) through a scalable, flash‐combustion method. The hydroxyl groups present copiously in the recycled PVA sponges guarantee a uniform chemical coupling with a tin(IV) citrate complex through intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Then, a scalable, ultrafast combustion process (30 s) carbonizes the PVA sponge into a 3D carbon matrix. This PVA‐sponge‐derived carbon could not only buffer the volume fluctuations upon the Li–Sn alloying and dealloying processes but also afford a mixed conductive network, that is, a continuous carbon framework for electrical transport and macropores for facile electrolyte percolation. The best‐performing electrode based on this composite delivers a rate performance up to 9.72 C (4 A g−1) and long‐term cyclability (500 cycles) for Li+ ion storage. Moreover, cyclic voltammograms demonstrate the coexistence of alloying and dealloying processes and non‐diffusion‐controlled pseudocapacitive behavior, which collectively contribute to the high‐rate Li+ ion storage.