bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tissue engineering airway mucosa: A systematic review
Authors: Hamilton Nicholas , Bullock Anthony J. , MacNeil Sheila , Janes Sam M. , Birchall Martin 
Published: October 2013

Objectives/HypothesisEffective treatments for hollow organ stenosis, scarring, or agenesis are suboptimal or lacking. Tissue‐engineered implants may provide a solution, but those performed to date are limited by poor mucosalization after transplantation. We aimed to perform a systematic review of the literature on tissue‐engineered airway mucosa. Our objectives were to assess the success of this technology and its potential application to airway regenerative medicine and to determine the direction of future research to maximize its therapeutic and commercial potential.Data Sources and Review MethodsA systematic review of the literature was performed searching Medline (January 1996) and Embase (January 1980) using search terms “tissue engineering” or “tissue” and “engineering” or “tissue engineered” and “mucous membrane” or “mucous” and “membrane” or “mucosa.” Original studies utilizing tissue engineering to regenerate airway mucosa within the trachea or the main bronchi in animal models or human studies were included.ResultsA total of 719 papers matched the search criteria, with 17 fulfilling the entry criteria. Of these 17, four investigated mucosal engineering in humans, with the remaining 13 studies investigating mucosal engineering in animal models. The review demonstrated how an intact mucosal layer protects against infection and suggests a role for fibroblasts in facilitating epithelial regeneration in vitro. A range of scaffold materials were used, but no single material was clearly superior to the others.ConclusionThe review highlights gaps in the literature and recommends key directions for future research such as epithelial tracking and the role of the extracellular environment. Laryngoscope, 124:961–968, 2014
Comparison of treatment modalities for Contact granuloma: A Nationwide Multicenter Study
Authors: Lee Seung Won , Hong Hyung Jun , Choi Seung Ho , Sun Dong IL , Park Young Hak , Lee Byung Joo , Kwon Seong Keun , Park IL Seok , Lee Sang Hyuk , Son Young-Ik 
Published: October 2013

Objectives/HypothesisThis study evaluated the efficacy of commonly used treatment modalities and determined predictors of treatment outcome for contact granuloma.Study DesignRetrospective study.MethodsTwenty otolaryngologists from 18 university hospitals reviewed the medical records of their own contact granuloma patients for the most recent 4 years. To be enrolled as a valid case, each treatment had to continue for at least 3 months. After excluding intubation granuloma, 590 cases of contact granuloma were analyzed. Treatment outcomes were assessed as complete response (CR), marked response (MR), partial response (PR), and no response. The chi‐square test was used to compare the efficacy of each treatment modality and logistic regression to determine the predictors of treatment outcome.ResultsThe long‐term outcomes of good response (GR) (sum of CR and MR) rates after each treatment were 20.5% for observation, 31.6% for steroid inhalation, 44.0% for proton pump inhibitor (PPI), 44.3% for voice therapy, 60.0% for surgical removal, and 74.2% for botulinum toxin injection. Voice therapy, PPI, and botulinum toxin had more good responses than simple observation for the long‐term outcome (P < 0.05). Surgical removal had a significantly higher recurrence rate (37.1%) than simple observation (10.3%) (P < 0.05).ConclusionsVoice therapy or PPI are recommended as first‐line treatments. Surgical removal should be reserved for selected patients because of the high chance of recurrence. Botulinum toxin injection can be used not only for primary cases but also for refractory cases with an expected high response rate.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 124:1187–1191, 2014
Subtle gait changes in patients with REM sleep behavior disorder
Authors: McDade Eric M. , Boot Brendon P. , Christianson Teresa J. H. , Pankratz V. Shane , Boeve Bradley F. , Ferman Tanis J. , Bieniek Kevin , Hollman John H. , Roberts Rosebud O. , Mielke Michelle M. , Knopman David S. , Petersen Ronald C. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTMany people with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) have an underlying synucleinopathy, the most common of which is Lewy body disease. Identifying additional abnormal clinical features may help in identifying those at greater risk of evolving to a more severe syndrome. Because gait disorders are common in the synucleinopathies, early abnormalities in gait in those with RBD could help in identifying those at increased risk of developing overt parkinsonism and/or cognitive impairment. We identified 42 probable RBD subjects and 492 controls using the Mayo Sleep Questionnaire and assessed gait velocity, cadence, and stride dynamics with an automated gait analysis system. Cases and controls were similar in age (79.9 ± 4.7 and 80.1 ± 4.7, P = 0.74), Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III (UPDRS) score (3.3 ± 5.5 and 1.9 ± 4.1, P = 0.21) and Mini–Mental State Examination scores (27.2 ± 1.9 and 27.7 ± 1.6, P = 0.10). A diagnosis of probable RBD was associated with decreased velocity (−7.9 cm/s; 95% confidence interval [CI], −13.8 to −2.0; P < 0.01), cadence (−4.4 steps/min; 95% CI, −7.6 to −1.3; P < 0.01), significantly increased double limb support variability (30%; 95% CI, 6–60; P = 0.01), and greater stride time variability (29%; 95% CI, 2–63; P = 0.03) and swing time variability (46%; 95% CI, 15–84; P < 0.01). Probable RBD is associated with subtle gait changes prior to overt clinical parkinsonism. Diagnosis of probable RBD supplemented by gait analysis may help as a screening tool for disorders of α‐synuclein. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
The role of public awareness in health‐protective behaviours to reduce heat wave risk
Authors: Kim Myounghee , Kim Ho , You Myoungsoon 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTLittle evidence has been provided on the effects of the programme on public perceptions of heat waves and health behaviours. This study aimed to: (1) evaluate the impact of a heat wave warning system on public awareness of and responses to heat wave risk, (2) identify the factors affecting public awareness of heat wave risk, and (3) investigate whether public awareness of heat wave warnings contributes to increased health‐protective behaviours. Using a stratified random sampling design, the residents of Seoul, the capital of South Korea, were surveyed via telephone. Data were collected in two campaigns. The total sample size was 2400 adults. Statistically significant changes were detected in the awareness of heat wave warnings and in the practice of health‐protective behaviours. Awareness of heat wave warnings was an important factor in health‐protective behaviours to reduce the risk of heat wave (odds ratio (OR), 1.50; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–1.99). This study encourages future investigations of the role of public awareness of heat wave warnings in reducing risk behaviours using better analytical frameworks.
Application of LIDAR‐derived eddy dissipation rate profiles in low‐level wind shear and turbulence alerts at Hong Kong International Airport
Authors: Hon K. K. , Chan P. W. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTIn aviation meteorology, eddy dissipation rate (EDR) is an internationally‐adopted metric for quantifying intensity of low‐level turbulence (rapid, irregular headwind fluctuations experienced by an aircraft below 1600 feet/500 m). In this paper, calculations of EDR1/3 profiles along arrival corridors (07LA, 25RA) of the Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA) were performed over a 45 month period (January to September, 2008–2012) based on radial velocity from a scanning Doppler LIDAR using the azimuthal velocity structure function approach. The quality of the LIDAR‐estimated EDR was established by comparison with values calculated from in situ measurements over a 24 month period, which showed that median values of EDR profiles from both sources fell within 0.05 m2/3 s−1 of each other in over 90% (80%) of instances for 07LA (25RA). The performance in threshold‐based alerting of low‐level turbulence at HKIA was then validated against pilot reports. At alert duration of 10%, alerts based on the maximum value of an EDR profile could capture over 90% (80%) of reported events over 07LA (25RA), while comparable performance with the wind shear and turbulence warning system (WTWS) at HKIA was attainable using suitable alert thresholds. Positive skill, albeit inferior to WTWS, was also observed in the alerting of low‐level wind shear (sustained headwind change of 15 knots or above below 1600 feet/500 m) with a hit rate of about 70% at alert duration of 10%. This study served to establish the value of EDR derived from ground‐based remote‐sensing instruments e.g. LIDAR in alerting of low‐level turbulence for the aviation community.
Refining perforator selection for deep inferior epigastric perforator flap: The impact of the dominant venous perforator
Authors: Gravvanis Andreas , Tsoutsos Dimosthenis , Papanikolaou George , Diab Ahmed , Lambropoulou Penelope , Karakitsos Dimitrios 
Published: October 2013

IntroductionThis article aims to investigate the critical role of the venous‐perforator in the decision‐making process of choosing the best suitable perforator‐complex in a deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap.MethodsForty consecutive DIEP breast reconstructions were pre‐operatively evaluated by CT‐Angiography to identify the dominant and centrally located abdominal wall perforators. The CTA results were used as a guide to conduct a Color‐Duplex‐Ultrasound examination that was mainly focused on investigating the accompanying venous‐perforator. In group‐A (n = 20) perforator‐complex selection was based on the size of the arterial‐perforator, whilst in group‐B (n = 20) it was based on the size of the venous‐perforator.ResultsAll single perforator‐complex DIEP flaps survived. No significant differences were recorded concerning the size of arterial‐perforator between the two groups; however the size of venous‐perforator was significantly larger in group‐B (P < 0.05). In group‐A, four flaps showed vascular compromise intraoperative that was salvaged by flap supercharge with the superficial inferior epigastric system. In contrast, in group‐B, all flaps were re‐vascularized uneventfully (P < 0.05). Physical examination revealed a palpable mass in one patient and ultrasound investigation added three cases with a firm area of scar tissue in group‐A, but no fat necrosis was detected in group‐B (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe CTA‐guided duplex ultrasonography could direct the perforator‐complex selection according to the size of the venous‐perforator, and may reduce the intraoperative problems and the incidence of fat necrosis. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 34:169–176, 2014.
Arterial spin labeling with simultaneous multi‐slice echo planar imaging
Authors: Feinberg David A. , Beckett Alexander , Chen Liyong 
Published: October 2013

PurposeSimultaneous multi‐slice (SMS) echo planar imaging (EPI) is incorporated into two‐dimensional (2D) arterial spin labeling (ASL) imaging to produce more slices for measuring perfusion in a larger region of the brain than currently possible with multi‐slice EPI.MethodsPulsed ASL (PASL) preparations using FAIR and QUIPSS II techniques were combined with SMS‐EPI. Testing was performed in four subjects at 3 Tesla. Multiband slice acceleration factors (MB) from MB‐2 to MB‐5 using 40 averages were evaluated. Comparisons were made quantitatively to PASL 2D EPI and qualitatively to PASL 3D GRASE.ResultsIn the 12 slice data set, spatial SNR for the perfusion weighted images averaged across subjects was 3.28 and 3.44 for the two sequential MB‐1 acquisitions as control comparison, 3.25 for MB‐2 and 2.98 for MB‐3. The temporal SNR averaged 1.01 and 0.99 for MB‐1, 0.89 for MB‐2, and 0.78 for MB‐3. For whole‐brain spatial coverage, the 20 slice data sets could be acquired in narrower time windows, from 874 ms using EPI (MB‐1) down to 196 ms using MB‐5. SMS‐EPI ASL differed from 3D GRASE ASL, which can use background suppression and has less susceptibility artifact as a CPMG SE sequence.ConclusionSMS‐EPI has a major advantage over EPI‐based ASL imaging by increasing slice coverage without lengthening the acquisition time window. Magn Reson Med 70:1500–1506, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pharmacokinetic Interactions of the Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein Inhibitor, Lomitapide, with Drugs Commonly Used in the Management of Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Tuteja Sony , Duffy Danielle , Dunbar Richard L. , Movva Rajesh , Gadi Ram , Bloedon LeAnne T. , Cuchel Marina 
Published: October 2013

Study ObjectiveTo characterize the effects of two doses (10 and 60 mg) of lomitapide—a microsomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibitor approved as adjunct treatment to lower low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia—on the pharmacokinetics of several lipid‐lowering therapies: atorvastatin, simvastatin, rosuvastatin, fenofibrate, ezetimibe, and niacin.DesignTwo prospective open‐label studies (study 1 and study 2).SettingTwo clinical research units.SubjectsA total of 130 healthy volunteers (114 subjects in study 1 and 16 subjects in study 2).InterventionIn study 1, subjects were enrolled sequentially to one of the following eight open‐label treatment arms (probe drug + lomitapide): atorvastatin 20 mg + lomitapide 10 mg, atorvastatin 20 mg + lomitapide 60 mg, simvastatin 20 mg + lomitapide 10 mg, rosuvastatin 20 mg + lomitapide 10 mg, rosuvastatin 20 mg + lomitapide 60 mg, fenofibrate 145 mg + lomitapide 10 mg, ezetimibe 10 mg + lomitapide 10 mg, and extended‐release niacin 1000 mg + lomitapide 10 mg. Study 2 consisted of the ninth treatment arm: simvastatin 40 mg + lomitapide 60 mg. Subjects received one dose of the probe drug on the morning of day 1. On days 2–7, subjects took their dose of lomitapide once/day in the morning. On day 8, subjects received one dose of lomitapide simultaneously with the same probe drug they took on day 1. Subjects returned 1 week later (day 15) for a final visit to check safety laboratory parameters.Measurements and Main ResultsA full pharmacokinetic profile was performed for the probe drug on day 1 and day 8 (after 7 days of dosing with lomitapide [i.e., at steady state]). Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from the plasma concentration‐time data for each day by using noncompartmental methods. Analysis of variance was applied to the ln‐transformed maximum concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration‐time curve from time 0–t (AUC0–t) values, and ratios of the means were compared for day 8 versus day 1. Lomitapide increased exposure to the statin medications. The percent least squares means ratios (LSMR%) (90% confidence intervals [CIs]) for AUC0–t of the statin medications with lomitapide at the 60 mg dose were as follows: 129 (115–144) for the sum of the active atorvastatin moieties, 168 (139–203) for simvastatin acid, and 132 (112–157) for rosuvastatin. The LSMR% (90% CI) for Cmax was 138 (120–160) for the sum of the active atorvastatin moieties, 157 (133–186) for simvastatin acid, and 104 (82–32) for rosuvastatin. The LSMRs were not appreciably altered for the other probe drugs.ConclusionThis study shows that lomitapide is a weak inhibitor of CYP3A4 and increased the exposure of statin medications. Careful monitoring of adverse events of CYP3A4‐metabolized statins should be used when initiating therapy with lomitapide.
The mediating roles of cancer‐related rumination in the relationship between dispositional hope and psychological outcomes among childhood cancer survivors
Authors: Yuen Ada N. Y. , Ho Samuel M. Y. , Chan Calais K. Y. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the effects of dispositional hope on psychopathology as well as self‐perceived positive change in childhood cancer survivors through the potential mediation of cancer‐related ruminations.MethodsA cross‐sectional design was used, and a group of childhood cancer survivors (N = 89; mean age = 23.2 years; age range = 17.2–31.3 years) were studied. Dispositional hope level was measured by the Hope Scale; positive and negative cancer‐related ruminations were assessed by the Chinese Cancer‐related Rumination Scale; depression symptoms were measured by Beck Depression Inventory; and anxiety symptoms were measured by Beck Anxiety Inventory. Positive adjustment outcome of posttraumatic growth (PTG) was assessed by the Chinese Post‐traumatic Growth Inventory. Multiple regressions were used to analyze the relationship between dispositional hope and the outcome variables of PTG, anxiety and depression and the potential mediators of positive and negative cancer‐related rumination.ResultsDispositional hope was positively related to PTG, and the correlation was specifically mediated by positive cancer‐related rumination. Dispositional hope also correlated with lower levels of depression and anxiety, specifically mediated by negative cancer‐related rumination.ConclusionThe present finding supported hope as a significant positive factor for childhood cancer survivors, which was associated with PTG and better psychological adjustment. The findings may inform development of therapeutic intervention programs aimed at increasing childhood cancer patients' hope levels, which may be correlated with more positive cancer‐related thoughts and better adjustment. The present study, which examined survivors diagnosed at young age, may enrich existing studies on the effect of onset age and adjustment outcomes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a steady‐state FRET‐based assay to identify inhibitors of the Keap1‐Nrf2 protein–protein interaction
Authors: Schaap Marjolein , Hancock Rowena , Wilderspin Andrew , Wells Geoff 
Published: October 2013

AbstractOne of the strategies proposed for the chemoprevention of degenerative diseases and cancer involves upregulation of antioxidant and free radical detoxification gene products by increasing the intracellular concentration of the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2). This can be achieved by disrupting the interaction between Nrf2 and Kelch‐like ECH associated protein 1 (Keap1), a substrate adaptor protein for a Cul3‐dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Here, we describe the development of a high‐throughput fluorescence (or Förster) resonance energy transfer assay for the identification of inhibitors of the Keap1‐Nrf2 protein–protein interaction (PPI). The basis of this assay is the binding of a YFP‐conjugated Keap1 Kelch binding domain to a CFP‐conjugated Nrf2‐derived 16‐mer peptide containing a highly conserved “ETGE” motif. The competition aspect of the assay was validated using unlabeled Nrf2‐derived 7‐mer and 16‐mer peptides and has potential as a screening tool for small molecule inhibitors of the PPI. We discuss the development of this assay in the context of other methods used to evaluate this PPI.
Spot drip application of dimethyl disulfide as a post‐plant treatment for the control of plant parasitic nematodes and soilborne pathogens in grape production
Authors: Cabrera J Alfonso , Wang Dong , Gerik James S , Gan Jay 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDPlant parasitic nematodes and soilborne pathogens can reduce the overall productivity in grape production. Not all grape growers apply soil fumigants before planting, and there is no single rootstock resistant to all nematode species. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) applied at 112, 224, 448 and 897 kg ha−1as a post‐plant treatment against soilborne plant parasitic nematodes and pathogens on the grape yield in established grapevines.RESULTSIn microplot and field trials, post‐plant fumigation withDMDScontrolled citrus (Tylenchulus semipenetrans), root‐knot (Meloidogynespp.), pin (Paratylenchusspp.) and ring (Mesocriconema xenoplax) nematodes in established Thomson Seedless grapevines. However,DMDSdid not control the soilborne pathogensPythium ultimumandFusarium oxysporum. No indications of phytotoxicity were detected after post‐plant fumigation withDMDS. In the field trial, grape yield was significantly higher with the lowestDMDSrate, but no difference among other rates was observed in comparison with the untreated control.CONCLUSIONPost‐plant fumigation withDMDScontrolled plant parasitic nematodes in established grapevines but was less efficacious against soilborne pathogens. Low rates ofDMDSwere sufficient for nematode control and increased the grape yield, probably without affecting beneficial soil organisms. Further research on evaluating the potential effect ofDMDSagainst beneficial soil organisms is needed. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
External bonded shear reinforcement for T‐section beams
Authors: Etman Emad 
Published: October 2013

AbstractStrengthening reinforced concrete (RC) beams in shear using carbon fibre‐reinforced polymer (CFRP) has been found to enhance, significantly, the shear capacity of existing RC beams. In previous studies the use of steel plates bonded externally to the RC beams was found to improve the shear performance of these beams. Most of the previous work was conducted on RC beams having rectangular sections. The main objective of this paper is to gain a better understanding and enhance the experimental database of shear behaviour of RC T‐beams strengthened with externally bonded reinforcement (EBR) systems. The present study encompasses some of the important parameters such as direction of EBR fibre alignment and the strengthening materials made of carbon‐fibre sheets, steel plates or steel bars for shear strengthening. The contribution of EBR to the shear capacity of the T‐beams was computed using three design codes and compared with the experimental output. A series of RC T‐beams was tested experimentally with the CFRP and steel strips carefully aligned and spaced. A reference T‐beam and a rectangular beam were tested as well to explore the effect of the internal shear reinforcement and the existence of the flange on the shear capacity of the beam.
Rotating compression field model for reinforced concrete beams under prevalent shear actions
Authors: Bertagnoli Gabriele , Mancini Giuseppe , Recupero Antonino , Spinella Nino 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to improve the performance of a twodimensional finite element approach, called the Rotating Compression Field Model (RCFM). The RCFM capability for reproducing the non‐linear behaviour of reinforced concrete (RC) beams, tested in shear with monotonic load increase, has been tested and amended. Concrete is treated as a quasi‐orthotropic material with smeared cracks and smeared reinforcement. A modified version of the Sargin relationship for concrete in compression is adopted, introducing a new model for the softening branch of the stress‐strain compression curve in the RCFM to take into account compression softening and the effect of confinement due to inplane reinforcement. In addition, this paper considers out‐ofplane confinement effects using the model suggested by Eurocode 2.A key issue in the RCFM approach consists of relating the decay of effective concrete strength to the deviation angle between the inclination of the compression stress field at first cracking and its inclination at the load level considered. The validity of this relation has been extended from the original 15° up to more than 30°.A new stress‐strain curve is implemented in the code to model the tensile behaviour of concrete without reinforcement (tension softening) in addition to the tension stiffening effect already present for concrete with reinforcement. This model leads to a successful comparison with experimental results on RC beams for a significant range of design parameters and mechanical material properties.