bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parent attitudes towards predictive testing for autism in the first year of life
Authors: Washington Aurora M. , Mercer Amanda H. , Burrows Catherine A. , Dager Stephen R. , Elison Jed T. , Estes Annette M. , Grzadzinski Rebecca , Lee Chimei , Piven Joseph , Pruett John R. , Shen Mark D. , Wilfond Benjamin , Wolff Jason , Zwaigenbaum Lonnie , MacDuffie Katherine E. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Emerging biomarker technologies (e.g., MRI, EEG, digital phenotyping, eye-tracking) have potential to move the identification of autism into the first year of life. We investigated the perspectives of parents about the anticipated utility and impact of predicting later autism diagnosis from a biomarker-based test in infancy.

Methods
Parents of infants were interviewed to ascertain receptiveness and perspectives on early (6-12 months) prediction of autism using emerging biomarker technologies. One group had experience parenting an older autistic child (n=30), and the other had no prior autism parenting experience (n=25). Parent responses were analyzed using inductive qualitative coding methods.

Results
Almost all parents in both groups were interested in predictive testing for autism, with some stating they would seek testing only if concerned about their infant’s development. The primary anticipated advantage of testing was to enable access to earlier intervention. Parents also described the anticipated emotions they would feel in response to test results, actions they might take upon learning their infant was likely to develop autism, attitudes towards predicting a child’s future support needs, and the potential impacts of inaccurate prediction.

Conclusion
In qualitative interviews, parents of infants with and without prior autism experience shared their anticipated motivations and concerns about predictive testing for autism in the first year of life. The primary reported motivators for testing—to have more time to prepare and intervene early—could be constrained by familial resources and service availability. Implications for ethical communication of results, equitable early intervention, and future research are discussed.
Role of circular RNAs (CircANXA2 and CircFBXW7) in bladder cancer
Authors: El-Hefnawy Sally Mohammed , Elsayed Ibrahim Tantawy , Ismaiel Abdel Hamid Abdo , Alhanafy Alshimaa M. , Ellaban Rania Elsayed 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
The most prevalent malignancy in the urinary tract is bladder cancer, which is becoming more commonplace globally. Circular RNAs, or circRNAs, have a role in cancer pathogenesis as they can be used as biomarkers to help identify new cases and predict the likelihood of recurrence. The current work examined the gene expression of CircANXA2 and CircFBXW7 and evaluated their potential utility in bladder cancer diagnosis.

Subjects and methodology
Seventy people with benign urologic diseases, seventy people with bladder cancer, and seventy healthy controls participated in the study. The polymerase chain reaction in real time quantified the gene expressions of CircANXA2 and CircFBXW7.

Results
Compared to the benign group and controls, bladder cancer patients had significantly greater levels of CircANXA2 expression (p < 0.001). In contrast to the benign group and controls, bladder cancer patients had significantly decreased levels of CircFBXW7 expression (p < 0.001). CircANXA2 and CircFBXW7 have comparable sensitivity and specificity; CircANXA2 had sensitivity, and specificity (77.14% and 76.43) and CircFBXW7 had sensitivity, and specificity (80.0% and 70.0%) respectively in detecting bladder cancer. CircANXA2 and CircFBXW7 were found to be the risk variables for bladder cancer using multivariate analysis. The odds ratios (OR) for CircANXA2 and CircFBXW7 were 1.240 (1.135–1.354) and 0.026 (0.006–0.107), in that order. In conclusion, CircANXA2 and CircFBXW7 may be highly specific and sensitive diagnostic markers for bladder cancer.
Regional differences in frailty among older adults with type 2 diabetes: a multicenter cross-sectional study in Japan
Authors: Nishimura Akiko , Masuda Chie , Murauchi Chiyo , Ishii Miho , Murata Yuko , Kawasaki Terumi , Azuma Mayumi , Arai Hidenori , Harashima Shin-ichi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Social environment may broadly impact multifaceted frailty; however, how environmental differences influence frailty in older adults with diabetes remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate regional differences in frailty in urban and rural areas among older adults with diabetes.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted as part of the frailty prevention program for older adults with diabetes study. Older adults aged 60–80 years who could independently perform basic activities of daily living (ADLs) were enrolled sequentially. Trained nurses obtained patient background, complications, body weight, body composition, blood tests, grip strength, frailty assessment, and self-care score results. Regional differences in frailty were evaluated using logistic and multiple linear regression analyses.

Results
This study included 417 participants (269 urban and 148 rural). The prevalence of robustness was significantly lower in rural areas than in urban areas (29.7% vs. 43.9%, p = 0.018). Living in rural areas was associated with frailty (odds ratio [OR] 2.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.38–4.71) and pre-frailty (OR 2.10, 95%CI 1.30–3.41). Lower instrumental ADL (B 0.28, standard error [SE] 0.073) and social ADL (B 0.265, SE 0.097) were characteristics of rural residents.

Conclusions
Regional differences in frailty were observed. Older adults with diabetes living in rural areas have a higher risk of frailty owing to a decline in instrumental and social ADLs. Social environment assessment and intervention programs that include communication strategies to enable care and social participation across environments are crucial to the effective and early prevention of frailty.
Heterogeneity of patient-reported outcome measures in clinical research
Authors: Terheyden Jan Henrik , Gittel Lisa , Jungblut Julie , Taylor Deanna J. , Holz Frank G. , Crabb David P. , Finger Robert P. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
The use of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in clinical research increases and use of heterogeneous instruments reflects how well diverse traits are captured by a medical specialty. In order to reflect the heterogeneity of current PROM use in ophthalmology, we reviewed the available literature.

Methods
The medical literature database Web of Science was searched for the most cited articles in clinical ophthalmology. Titles, abstracts and full text articles were reviewed for the use of PROMs and a list of the 100 most cited articles using PROMs was obtained and stratified by year of publication.

Results
A total of 1,996 articles were screened. Seventy-seven out of the 100 articles identified included one PROM, and the average number of instruments was 1.5 ± 1.1. The most widely used PROMs were the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (33%), the Ocular Surface Disease Index (14%) and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form (13%). A simulation analysis suggested that the distribution of PROM use in ophthalmology study did not significantly differ from a power law distribution. Twenty-two percent and fifteen percent of articles did not reference and did not specify the PROM used, respectively. This rate decreased in the more recently published articles (p = 0.041).

Conclusions
Our data suggest that the heterogeneity of PROMs applied in ophthalmology studies is low. The selection of PROMs for clinical studies should be done carefully, depending on the research goal.
A case report on Madelung’s disease and comprehensive review of the literature
Authors: Jiao Cheng , Liu Wei , Qiao Yiming , Qi Shuai , Shen Yifei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Madelung’s disease (MD), alternatively referred to as benign symmetric lipomatosis, multiple symmetric lipomatosis, or Launois–Bensaude syndrome, is an uncommon benign disorder marked by symmetric proliferation of adipose tissue in the head, neck, and torso regions.

Case description
In this case, the patient was a female with the late middle-aged demographic, diagnosed with Type I MD. Notably, she exhibited no prior history of alcohol consumption, and there was no family history of MD. Subsequent to the clinical diagnosis, the patient underwent medical imaging assessments to delineate the surgical parameters. Post-surgery, she demonstrated a favorable recovery trajectory, marked by the absence of any surgical complications.

Result
The patient underwent successful surgical excision of the lipomatous mass. Postoperatively, she had an uneventful recovery with no complications and no recurrence observed during the follow-up period of seven months.

Conclusion
Timely diagnosis and early surgical intervention play a pivotal role in enhancing the quality of life for individuals with MD. Preoperative medical imaging examinations function as highly effective tools, contributing to heightened surgical safety and a decreased probability of encountering complications during the surgical procedure.
The relationship between body mass index and cerebrospinal fluid pressure in children with pseudotumor cerebri
Authors: Çağ Yakup , Sağer Safiye Güneş , Akçay Merve , Kaytan İsmail , Söbü Elif , Erdem Aydan , Akın Yasemin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Childhood obesity has become a major global health problem. Obesity is associated with major health problems, such as diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease. Obesity is also considered a risk factor for Pseudotumor cerebri (PTC). The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure in patients with pseudotumor cerebri.

Methods
A total of 48 children diagnosed with PTC, who were aged < 18 years and followed up in the pediatric clinic were included in the retrospective study. National BMI percentile curves were used for reference. We investigated statistically the relationship between BMI, clinical and laboratory results, and CSF pressure in patients.

Results
Of total patients 27 were female (56.25%) and 21 were male (43.75%). With regard to the BMI percentile, 20 (41.67%) were overweight or obese. CSF pressure was higher in overweight and obese patients compared to children with BMI in normal ranges (p < 0.05). A statistically significant positive correlation was also observed between BMI and CSF pressure values and between monocyte and CSF values (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
The results of the present study indicate a direct relationship between CSF pressure and BMI in children with PTC. Appropriate diet, exercise, and medical treatment in overweight and obese children can make a significant contribution to the treatment of PTC. Additionally, a significant correlation was observed between CSF pressure and monocyte levels.
Effects of different VV ECMO blood flow rates on lung perfusion assessment by hypertonic saline bolus-based electrical impedance tomography
Authors: Zhang Hongling , Wu Yongran , Gao Xuehui , Peng Chengchao , Li Ruirui , Wang Azhen , Zhang Jiancheng , Yuan Shiying , Yang Le , Zou Xiaojing , Shang You 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objective
Our study aimed to investigate the effects of different extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) blood flow rates on lung perfusion assessment using the saline bolus-based electrical impedance tomography (EIT) technique in patients on veno-venous (VV) ECMO.

Methods
In this single-centered prospective physiological study, patients on VV ECMO who met the ECMO weaning criteria were assessed for lung perfusion using saline bolus-based EIT at various ECMO blood flow rates (gradually decreased from 4.5 L/min to 3.5 L/min, 2.5 L/min, 1.5 L/min, and finally to 0 L/min). Lung perfusion distribution, dead space, shunt, ventilation/perfusion matching, and recirculation fraction at different flow rates were compared.

Results
Fifteen patients were included. As the ECMO blood flow rate decreased from 4.5 L/min to 0 L/min, the recirculation fraction decreased significantly. The main EIT-based findings were as follows. (1) Median lung perfusion significantly increased in region-of-interest (ROI) 2 and the ventral region [38.21 (34.93–42.16)% to 41.29 (35.32–43.75)%, p = 0.003, and 48.86 (45.53–58.96)% to 54.12 (45.07–61.16)%, p = 0.037, respectively], whereas it significantly decreased in ROI 4 and the dorsal region [7.87 (5.42–9.78)% to 6.08 (5.27–9.34)%, p = 0.049, and 51.14 (41.04–54.47)% to 45.88 (38.84–54.93)%, p = 0.037, respectively]. (2) Dead space significantly decreased, and ventilation/perfusion matching significantly increased in both the ventral and global regions. (3) No significant variations were observed in regional and global shunt.

Conclusions
During VV ECMO, the ECMO blood flow rate, closely linked to recirculation fraction, could affect the accuracy of lung perfusion assessment using hypertonic saline bolus-based EIT.
Rapid qualitative analysis of recruitment obstacles in the FORVAD (Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy surgery versus Anterior Cervical Discectomy surgery in the treatment of cervical brachialgia) randomised, controlled trial
Authors: Talbot Rebecca , Higham Ruchi , Croft Julie , Ainsworth Gemma , Brown Sarah , Kelly Rachel , Stocken Deborah , Thomson Simon , Rousseau Nikki 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
The number of surgical trials is increasing but such trials can be complex to deliver and pose specific challenges. A multi-centre, Phase III, RCT comparing Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy versus Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion in the Treatment of Cervical Brachialgia (FORVAD Trial) was unable to recruit to target. A rapid qualitative study was conducted during trial closedown to understand the experiences of healthcare professionals who participated in the FORVAD Trial, with the aim of informing future research in this area.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 healthcare professionals who had participated in the FORVAD Trial. Interviews explored participants’ experiences of the FORVAD trial. A rapid qualitative analysis was conducted, informed by Normalisation Process Theory.

Results
Four main themes were generated in the data analysis: (1) individual vs. community equipoise; (2) trial set-up and delivery; (3) identifying and approaching patients; and (4) timing of randomisation. The objectives of the FORVAD trial made sense to participants and they supported the idea that there was clinical or collective equipoise regarding the two FORVAD interventions; however, many surgeons had treatment preferences and lacked individual equipoise. The site which had most recruitment success had adopted a more structured process for identification and recruitment of patients, whereas other sites that adopted more “ad hoc” screening strategies struggled to identify patients. Randomisation on the day of surgery caused both medico-legal and practical concerns at some sites.

Conclusions
Organisation and implementation of a surgical trial in neurosurgery is complex and presents many challenges. Sites often reported low recruitment and discussed the logistical issues of conducting a complex surgical RCT. Future trials in neurosurgery may need to offer more flexibility and time during set-up to maximise opportunities for larger recruitment numbers. Rapid qualitative analysis informed by Normalisation Process Theory was able to quickly identify key issues with trial implementation so rapid qualitative analysis may be a useful approach for teams conducting qualitative research in trials.

Trial registration
ISRCTN, ISRCTN reference: 10,133,661. Registered 23rd November 2018.
Participation rates, characteristics, and differential effects on reading literacy of extracurricular tutoring in a German large-scale assessment
Authors: Heyne Nora , Gnambs Timo , Sengewald Marie-Ann 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBecause large-scale studies repeatedly indicated low reading literacy for many students, a need for interventions fostering reading literacy, such as extracurricular tutoring, has often been emphasized. Several reading promoting programs, suitable for extracurricular tutoring, were developed and shown to be effective in recent years. Moreover, these studies and analyses of extracurricular activities and tutoring yielded findings on learning-supporting characteristics and effects on students’ achievement of such extracurricular offers. Nevertheless, little is known to date about the implementation of extracurricular tutoring in practice in Germany, particularly about its participation rates, characteristics, and effects on students` reading literacy. Thus, the present study investigated participation rates of extracurricular tutoring in reading and in German among students in general and among various subgroups between Grades 5 and 7. Furthermore, the study examined general and subject-specific characteristics and effects of extracurricular tutoring on reading literacy. The analyses used a sample of students (N = 5113) of the National Educational Panel Study in Germany. In addition to descriptive analyses of characteristics and participation rates of extracurricular tutoring, effect sizes were calculated for comparing participation rates of subgroups of students. Furthermore, multi-group structural equation models were implemented to investigate average and differential effects of extracurricular tutoring, while controlling for initial reading literacy and other covariates. The results indicate that mainly students with low reading literacy and therefore a strong need for support participated in extracurricular tutoring, but the general participation rate was low. The descriptive outcomes showed a heterogeneous picture of tutoring offers and rare implementations of reading-promoting methods. Moreover, the results revealed no significant effects of extracurricular tutoring on students’ reading literacy overall but suggested marginal differences for students with a low initial reading literacy. For future studies, more detailed assessments of characteristics and methods of extracurricular tutoring are recommended, particularly, in large-scale investigations on specific tutoring methods for students with support needs which may lead to improved guidelines regarding promising implementations of evidence-based reading promoting programs.
Novel Strategy of Training the Accredited Social Health Activists via Application-Based Telemedicine for Cervical Cancer Screening by Human Papillomavirus Self-Sampling: The TRACK Study
Authors: Singh Nilanchali , Tanwar Pranay , Singhal Seema , Mohan Trishala , Mittal Chetanya , Mangal Shivangi , Kaur Jasmine , Meena Jyoti , Singh Anju , Mathur Sandeep , Ghatage Prafull , Bhatla Neerja 
Published: August 2024

PURPOSE This pilot study is aimed to analyze a novel strategy of cervical cancer screening by training of Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) workers via telemedicine to counsel women for human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a pilot, community-based, prospective, single-arm study. Physicians trained the ASHA workers regarding self-sampled HPV testing via a mobile application and telephonically using videos and e-pamphlets, who in turn trained the clients in community. The HPV kits were transported via prepaid courier service. RESULTS Four hundred and sixty-five women of age group 30-65 years were tested by 47 teletrained ASHA workers. The mean age of ASHA worker and clients was 39.47 ± 6.45 and 37.26 ± 8.38 years, respectively. Of the ASHA workers, 91.7% were satisfied with the information provided during telecounseling, 95.7% could understand the contents of mobile app easily, and 93.6% could fill the data of clients in app easily. Of the clients, 99.6% were satisfied with counseling by ASHA workers and 98% found it easy to self-sample. The acceptability of this strategy among clients was 58.2%. The feasibility of this strategy (percentage of clients who find it easy/those who did self-sampling) was around 99%. Among those screened, 11.8% were high-risk HPV-positive and 85.5% had follow-up at the study center. CONCLUSION The current study highlights a novel strategy of cervical cancer screening by incorporating the role of telemedicine in training ASHA workers and their role in improving the screening by home-based delivery of HPV kits with promising results.
Mohs Micrographic Surgery – what the gold standard in dermatologic surgery offers us. A Literature Review
Authors: Perkowska Klaudia , Kaźmierczak Anna , Izdebska Wiktoria , Sornek Patrycja , Borkowska Agata , Kiełb Anna , Pawlak Igor , Mich Anna , Ciesielski Radosław , Stanek Jakub 
Published: August 2024

Introduction and objective:
Micrographic Mohs surgery, a highly precise surgical technique, has long been regarded as a cornerstone in dermatology for the treatment of various skin cancers. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the current understanding of the principles and clinical applications of Mohs surgery, with a specific focus on providing insights to clinicians and researchers.

State of Knowledge:
Mohs surgery is particularly renowned for its unparalleled efficacy in treating basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and other skin malignancies, especially in anatomically challenging areas. The technique involves meticulous removal of cancerous tissue layers while sparing healthy surrounding tissue, facilitated by microscopic examination of surgical margins. Recent advancements in Mohs surgery have led to improved outcomes, with techniques such as immunostaining enhancing the accuracy of tumor detection and minimizing the need for additional surgeries.

Materials and methods:
This review of studies is based on scientific articles avaible in PubMed, Google Scholar databases and Elsevier.

Summary:
Micrographic Mohs surgery remains a cornerstone of dermatologic oncology, offering unparalleled precision and cure rates for various skin cancers. Its success lies in its ability to achieve complete tumor removal while preserving maximal tissue integrity and cosmesis. Future research endeavors should focus on refining surgical techniques, optimizing patient selection criteria, and exploring adjunctive therapies to further improve outcomes and patient satisfaction. By advancing our understanding and application of Mohs surgery, we can continue to provide optimal care for patients with skin cancer, ultimately improving their quality of life and prognosis.