bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of the Effect of Various Laser Wavelengths in the Treatment of Peri‐Implantitis
Authors: Kotsakis Georgios A. , Konstantinidis Ioannis , Karoussis Ioannis K. , Ma Xiaoye , Chu Haitao 
Published: January 2014

Background: The primary aim of this systematic review is to address the following focused question: Is laser therapy, as a monotherapy or as an adjunctive therapy, an efficacious treatment modality for patients with peri‐implantitis?Methods: The PubMed database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were electronically searched, complemented by manual searches up to June 2013.Results: The search yielded 137 titles and abstracts. After initial screening, 15 of 137 publications were scrutinized during the second phase of the review. In the second phase, nine articles were excluded from the analysis and six controlled, clinical studies were selected. Narrative synthesis of the results revealed that non‐surgical laser treatment with a single application of either an erbium:yttrium‐aluminum‐garnet (Er:YAG) (2,940‐nm) laser or a diode (660‐nm) laser in combination with a phenothiazine chloride dye is efficient in controlling inflammation around treated implants for at least 6 months following intervention, whereas it has only a mild effect on reduction in probing depth (PD) and gain in clinical attachment level (CAL). There is limited information regarding the clinical application of the CO2 (10.6‐µm) laser in the surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis; however, its use may be promising. A meta‐analysis could be performed only for the efficacy of Er:YAG laser due to the heterogeneity of the studies and the limited amount of data available. Meta‐analysis did not reveal statistically significant evidence for treatment effects in reducing PD and CAL levels in comparison to controls.Conclusions: Based on the limited information currently available, any superiority of laser treatment in comparison to conventional treatment of peri‐implantitis could not be identified. Considering the high heterogeneity and the low number of included studies, the authors cautiously conclude that non‐surgical laser therapy may be investigated as phase I therapy for the treatment of peri‐implantitis. Future research should emphasize detailed description of the specific laser characteristics and power settings in clinical studies.
Annual Risk of Tuberculosis Infection in Hellenic Air Force Recruits
Authors: Garyfalia Vlachou , Irini Gerogianni , Vasilios Skoufaras , Konstantinos Gourgoulianis 
Published: January 2014

Background:
The annual risk of Tuberculosis infection (ARTI) is a key indicator in epidemiology, of the extent
of transmission in a community. There have been several suggested methods in order to evaluate the prevalence of
Tuberculosis infection using tuberculin skin data. This survey estimates the ARTI in young Hellenic air force recruits. The
effect of BCG vaccination has also been investigated.

Materials and Methods:
During the period November 2006-November 2007 tuberculin skin tests were conducted to
estimate the prevalence of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and also to determine the ARTI. Tuberculin PPD-RT 23,
dose 2 IU was used in 7.492 Greek air force military recruits with a mean age of 23.57 years. All recruits were examined
for previous bacill Calmette-Guérin vaccination through BCG scar. A vast number of personal, epidemiological
significance, data of the participants was collected.

Results:
The ARTI was 0.2%, in those who were not previously BCG vaccinated; this was derived from a tuberculin skin
test cut-off point of 10 mm. There were not any statistically significant differences, neither between urban and rural
population concerning the positivity of the tuberculin skin test, nor among the population in recent contact with
immigrants from high-incidence countries.

Conclusion:
The estimated ARTI among non BCG vaccinated young Greek men is 0.2%.
Does Female Representation on Boards of Directors Associate with Increased Transparency and Ethical Behavior?
Authors: Larkin Meredith B. , Bernardi Richard A. , Bosco Susan M. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
This study examined the association between corporate transparency and ethical orientation of Fortune 500 companies and the number of females represented on the board of directors from the Fortune (2010) annual report data. Our basis for this judgment was whether the firm was listed on either (both) Ethisphere Magazine's “2010 World's Most Ethical Companies” (Ethisphere Magazine 2011) or (and) Corporate Responsibility Magazine's “100 Best Corporate Citizens 2010” (Corporate Responsibility Magazine 2011) list(s). Our results indicated that, as the number of women directors increased, the probability of a corporation appearing on these lists increased. We also found that a “critical mass” of women directors was indicated by the data for Ethisphere Magazine's but not Corporate Responsibility Magazine's list.
Fe- and Cu-oxides supported on γ-Al2O3 as catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction of NO with ethanol. Part I: catalyst preparation, characterization, and activity
Authors: Worch Denis , Suprun Wladimir , Gläser Roger 
Published: January 2014

AbstractFe- and Cu-oxides supported on γ-alumina (γ-Al2O3; metal loading of 3 mass %) were investigated as alternative catalysts to the conventional Ag-based system in the selective catalytic reduction of NO with ethanol (EtOH-SCR). The catalysts were characterized by elemental analysis, N2 sorption, X-ray diffraction, temperature-prgrammed desorption of NH3, temperature-programmed reduction with H2, diffuse reflectance UV-VIS (DR-UV-VIS) spectroscopy, and compared with 3 mass % Ag/γ-Al2O3 as a reference catalyst. Catalytic experiments were carried out between 423 K and 773 K in the steady state and by temperature-programmed surface reaction (TPSR) experiments. For all catalysts, the highest NO conversion (900 ppm (ppm = parts of the mixture component per million parts of all mixture components) NO, 900 ppm EtOH, 0.5 vol. % H2O, 4 vol. % O2 in He) was found at 573 K. While 84 % of NO were converted over the Ag-based catalysts, only 20–60 % NO conversion was observed for the Fe- and Cu-containing catalysts. Total oxidation of ethanol as an unwanted side reaction occurs over 3 mass % Cu on γ-Al2O3 already at 573 K, whereas the highest activity of 3 mass % Fe on γ-Al2O3 for this conversion was reached at 743 K. For lower temperatures, partial oxidation of ethanol leads to organic by-products which can act as active intermediates in EtOH-SCR. TPSR experiments show that ethanol reacts over both the Fe- and the Cu-based catalysts to organic by-products, such as ethene or acetaldehyde, which affect the EtOH-SCR reaction.
Prevalence of pancreaticobiliary reflux in symptomatic cholelithiasis and its significance
Authors: Bohara TP , Parajuli A , Bajracharya GR , Joshi MR 
Published: January 2014

Aims: Pancreaticobiliary reflux (PBR) is reflux of pancreatic enzymes into the biliary tree which occurs as a result of an anamoly of pancreaticobiliary junction (PBJ) or functionally impaired sphincter. PBR is associated with changes in biliary epithelium and is known to cause benign and malignant biliary pathology. Various authors have reported prevalence of PBR in patients with normal PBJ ranging from 20 % to 83.5 %. With aim to detect the prevalence of PBR in patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis in Nepalese population we conducted this study. Materials and methods: Thirty patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) for symptomatic cholelithiasis were included in the study. History, physical findings and relevant investigations including liver function test, serum amylase and abdominal ultrasound were recorded. Bile sample for amylase was taken from gall bladder during LC percuatneously before manipulation of calot’s triangle and common bile duct. Bile amylase level above serum amylase level was considered positive for PBR. Results: Mean age of the patient was 37.27 (± 14.41) years. Out of 30, 6 (20 %) patients were male and 24 (80 %) were female. Mean BMI was 21.58 (± 3.2). PBR reflux was present in 66.7 % of patients out of which 2 were male and 18 were female that was not statistically significant (p = 1.41) when compared with patients without PBR. Conclusion: PBR occurs in patient with cholelithiasis and has role in pathogenesis of gallstones disease and gall bladder carcinoma. Long term surveillance would be required to ascertain the significance of detection of PBR after LC. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2013, Vol-9, No-1, 1-6 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v9i1.9666
Knowledge of nurses towards dengue fever in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Nepal
Authors: Valarmathi S , Parajulee S 
Published: January 2014

Background: Nurses are important health care professionals and should have wide knowledge about common diseases especially infectious diseases like dengue. Dengue is associated with shock and can lead to death. Aim: To assess the knowledge of nurses regarding dengue fever and to study the association between the demographic variables. Setting and design: A cross sectional study was conducted at the College of Medical Sciences-Teaching Hospital, Nepal among the nurses during December, 2010. Study tool: Semi structured question was prepared to assess the knowledge of nurses in which there was objective question and Yes or No type questionnaire. Statistical analysis: The filled questionnaires were collected and data were entered in Microsoft excel sheet and analyzed as per study objectives. Descriptive statistic was used to calculate the median (IQR) and non parametric tests (Kruskal Wallis test and Mann Whitney test) to compare the total scores with demographic profile of the subjects. Results: Of the study members 89% were from Proficiency Certificate level (PCL) background and the mean (IQR) age of the respondents was 21 years (20-22.75). Overall score of the nurses was 11 (9-13) with a maximum possible score of 17. There were no association between the respondents knowledge scores with age (p=0.14); educational qualifications (p=0.86); duration of experience (p=0.59); ward (p=0.28). Conclusion: The study findings report a low knowledge among the nursing practitioners on dengue fever and its complications and their knowledge did not have any association with their demographic variables. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2013, Vol-9, No-1, 7-13 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v9i1.9667
Transurethral use of nephroscope in the management of bladder stone
Authors: Sigdel Ghanshyam S , Agarwal A , Laminchhane N , Belokar WK 
Published: January 2014

Objective: Endoscopic management of bladder stone is a well established procedure. The objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of transurethral use of nephroscope in the management of bladder stones. Materials and methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients who had undergone treatment of bladder stones through transurethral use of nephroscope in our hospital. Various demographic, stone related, intraoperative and postoperative parameters were studied. Results: The mean stone size was 18.1± 6.8 millimetres. Mean operative time and duration of hospital stay were 42.2 minutes and 2.4 days respectively. Intraoperative and postoperative complications occurred in 8 and 16 percent respectively, which were minor and managed without further interventions. Stone free rate was 100 percent. Conclusion: Bladder stones in adults can be effectively managed with the transurethral use of nephroscope without significant complications. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2013, Vol-9, No-1, 14-18 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v9i1.9668
A comparison of serum potassium level between high dose and low dose of Succinylcholine
Authors: Yadav RK , Majhi PC , Tiwari D 
Published: January 2014

Aims: Succinylcholine is a depolarizing type of neuromuscular blocking drug. Aim of this study is to evaluate and compare serum potassium level with upper dose limit of succinylcholine (1.5mg/kg), which is used normally in anesthetic practice with low dose of succinylcholine (0.5mg/kg). Materials and methods: A total of 100 patients attending for elective surgery in College of Medical Sciences -Teaching Hospital( CMSTH)), Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal were studied. Two blood samples were collected, one before surgery and another at 4 min after injection of succinylcholine and send to central lab for estimation of serum potassium level. Result: The serum potassium levels recorded during the study showed that there were neither significant differences observed within the groups nor was there any difference between the groups. Conclusion: In absence of pathological conditions related to raised serum potassium level, both high and low doses of succinylcholine can be used safely as there is no statistically significant differences in serum potassium level between high and low dose of succinylcholine. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2013, Vol-9, No-1, 19-22 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v9i1.9669
Profile of thoracic injury at College of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital
Authors: Chapagain D , Reddy D Jayapal , Shah S , Shrestha KG 
Published: January 2014

Objectives: Thoracic injury is a challenge to the thoracic surgeon practicing in developing countries. This prospective study was conducted to see the mode of injury, injury types and overall outcome of thoracic injury in our settings. Materials and methods: This prospective study was conducted in 100 thoracic injury patients between December 2011 to June 2012. The demographic features, type of the trauma, radiological assessment, associated organ injuries, management of the injury, surgical interventions, morbidity, mortality, length of hospital stay were analysed. Results: In this study the ages ranged from 7 to 84 years. There were 73 (73%) males and 27 (27%) females. The majority of patients (83%) were injured during the evening and night time. The majority of patients 92(92%) sustained blunt chest injuries. The mechanism of injury was not significantly associated with length of hospital stay (P > 0.05) and mortality (P > 0.05).Road traffic accident was the most common cause of injuries affecting 68(68%) of patients followed by fall injury of 19(19%). Rib fractures, haemothorax, pneumothorax and lung contusion were the most common type of injuries accounting for 83.0%, 57%,34% and 33% respectively. Associated extra-thoracic injuries were noted in 64.0% of patients. 45(45%) of the cases of haemothorax, pneumotharax and haemopneumothorax were treated by tube thoracotomy. Four patients (04%) had undergone thoracotomy. There were 09(09%) patients of flail chest and treated conservatively. Fourty six patients (46%) were admitted in the ICU. Eleven (11%) patients were treated with ventilator support. Seventeen (17%) patients had complication. The overall length of hospital stay ranged from 0 to 25 days. Conclusion: Road traffic accidents and fall from height are the major public health problems. Preventive measures at reducing road traffic accidents and timely management with closed tube thoracotomy are the main factors to be considered in the thoracic injury. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2013, Vol-9, No-1, 30-39 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v9i1.9671
Évêques, canons et liturgie face à l’hérésie (Byzance, VIIIe-XIe siècles)
Authors: Moulet Benjamin 
Published: January 2014

Canons speelden een fundamentele rol in de strijd die de Byzantijnse kerk voerde tegen de heresieën en hun aanhangers. Ze stippelden immers de regels uit die de leden van de kerkelijke hiërarchie moesten volgen. In het mesobyzantijnse tijdperk was het canonieke corpus betreffende de heresie relatief beperkt, maar vanaf de XIe
eeuw werd het geleidelijk vervolledigd door een reeks beslissingen getroffen door de patriarchale synode van Constantinopel. Een van de kenmerken van deze canons bestond erin de liturgische procedures te beperken om de bekeerde ketters terug in de Kerk op te nemen. De gevolgde procedures leken sterk op deze die vervat zijn in de euchologen. Voorliggende studie stelt deze verschillende bronnen voor en analyseert ze. Ze onderzoekt de rol van de leden van de kerkelijke hiërarchie in de receptie en de toelating van ketters in de orthodoxe kerk.
Mechanism of Neutrophil Dysfunction: Neutrophil Serine Proteases Cleave and Inactivate the C5a Receptor
Authors: van den Berg Carmen W. , Tambourgi Denise V. , Clark Howard W. , Hoong S. Julie , Spiller O. Brad , McGreal Eamon P. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Neutrophil dysfunction, resulting in inefficient bacterial clearance, is a feature of several serious medical conditions, including cystic fibrosis (CF) and sepsis. Poorly controlled neutrophil serine protease (NSP) activity and complement activation have been implicated in this phenomenon. The capacity for excess NSP secretion and complement activation to influence the expression and function of the important neutrophil-activating receptor C5aR was investigated. Purified NSPs cathepsin G (CG), neutrophil elastase (NE), and proteinase 3 cleaved C5aR to a 26- to 27-kDa membrane-bound fragment, thereby inactivating its C5a-induced signaling ability. In a supernatant transfer assay, NSPs released from neutrophils in response to C5a induced the cleavage of the C5aR on unstimulated cells. Stimulation of myeolomonocytic U937 cells and purified neutrophils with C5a resulted in downregulation of the C5aR on these cells, which, in the case of U937 cells, was largely caused by NSP-mediated cleavage of C5aR, but in the case of neutrophils, intracellular degradation was likely the main mediator in addition to a small role for NSPs. CG and NE in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from CF patients both contributed to C5aR cleavage. We propose two converging models for C5a- and NSP-mediated neutrophil dysfunction whereby C5aR cleavage is induced by NSPs, secreted in response to: 1) excess C5a generation or other stimuli; or 2) necrosis. The consequent impairment of C5aR activity contributes to suboptimal local neutrophil priming and bacterial clearance. NSP inhibitors with specificity for both CG and NE may aid the treatment of pathologies associated with neutrophil dysfunction including sepsis and CF.
TNF-α–Dependent Hematopoiesis following Bcl11b Deletion in T Cells Restricts Metastatic Melanoma
Authors: Uddin Mohammad N. , Zhang Yubin , Harton Jonathan A. , MacNamara Katherine C. , Avram Dorina 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Using several tumor models, we demonstrate that mice deficient in Bcl11b in T cells, although having reduced numbers of T cells in the peripheral lymphoid organs, developed significantly less tumors compared with wild-type mice. Bcl11b−/− CD4+ T cells, with elevated TNF-α levels, but not the Bcl11b−/− CD8+ T cells, were required for the reduced tumor burden, as were NK1.1+ cells, found in increased numbers in Bcl11bF/F/CD4-Cre mice. Among NK1.1+ cells, the NK cell population was predominant in number and was the only population displaying elevated granzyme B levels and increased degranulation, although not increased proliferation. Although the number of myeloid-derived suppressor cells was increased in the lungs with metastatic tumors of Bcl11bF/F/CD4-Cre mice, their arginase-1 levels were severely reduced. The increase in NK cell and myeloid-derived suppressor cell numbers was associated with increased bone marrow and splenic hematopoiesis. Finally, the reduced tumor burden, increased numbers of NK cells in the lung, and increased hematopoiesis in Bcl11bF/F/CD4-Cre mice were all dependent on TNF-α. Moreover, TNF-α treatment of wild-type mice also reduced the tumor burden and increased hematopoiesis and the numbers and activity of NK cells in the lung. In vitro treatment with TNF-α of lineage-negative hematopoietic progenitors increased NK and myeloid differentiation, further supporting a role of TNF-α in promoting hematopoiesis. These studies reveal a novel role for TNF-α in the antitumor immune response, specifically in stimulating hematopoiesis and increasing the numbers and activity of NK cells.
CD8+ T Cells Are Activated in an Antigen-Independent Manner in HIV-Infected Individuals
Authors: Bastidas Sonia , Graw Frederik , Smith Miranda Z. , Kuster Herbert , Günthard Huldrych F. , Oxenius Annette 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Hyperactivation of T cells, particularly of CD8+ T cells, is a hallmark of chronic HIV 1 (HIV-1) infection. Little is known about the antigenic specificities and the mechanisms by which HIV-1 causes activation of CD8+ T cells during chronic infection. We report that CD8+ T cells were activated during in vivo HIV-1 replication irrespective of their Ag specificity. Cytokines present during untreated HIV-1 infection, most prominently IL-15, triggered proliferation and expression of activation markers in CD8+ T cells, but not CD4+ T cells, in the absence of TCR stimulation. Moreover, LPS or HIV-1–activated dendritic cells (DCs) stimulated CD8+ T cells in an IL-15–dependent but Ag-independent manner, and IL-15 expression was highly increased in DCs isolated from viremic HIV-1 patients, suggesting that CD8+ T cells are activated by inflammatory cytokines in untreated HIV-1 patients independent of Ag specificity. This finding contrasts with CD4+ T cells whose in vivo activation seems biased toward specificities for persistent Ags. These observations explain the higher abundance of activated CD8+ T cells compared with CD4+ T cells in untreated HIV-1 infection.
IL-21 Contributes to Fatal Inflammatory Disease in the Absence of Foxp3+ T Regulatory Cells
Authors: Vogelzang Alexis , McGuire Helen M. , Liu Sue M. , Gloss Brian , Mercado Karessa , Earls Peter , Dinger Marcel E. , Batten Marcel , Sprent Jonathan , King Cecile 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The cytokine IL-21 has been shown to influence immune responses through both costimulatory effects on effector T cells and opposing inhibitory effects on T regulatory cells (Tregs). To distinguish the effect of IL-21 on the immune system from that of its effect on Tregs, we analyzed the role of IL-21/IL-21R signaling in mice made genetically deficient in IL-2, which exhibit a deficit in IL-2–dependent Foxp3 regulatory T cells and suffer from a fatal multiorgan inflammatory disease. Our findings demonstrate that in the absence of IL-21/IL-21R signaling, Il2−/− mice retained a deficiency in Tregs yet exhibited a reduced and delayed inflammatory disease. The improved health of Il2−/−Il21r−/− mice was reflected in reduced pancreatitis and hemolytic anemia and this was associated with distinct changes in lymphocyte effector populations, including the reduced expansion of both T follicular helper cells and Th17 cells and a compensatory increase in IL-22 in the absence of IL-21R. IL-21/IL-21R interactions were also important for the expansion of effector and memory CD8+ T cells, which were critical for the development of pancreatitis in Il2−/− mice. These findings demonstrate that IL-21 is a major target of immune system regulation.
Acute pulmonary melioidosis in a child: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Boruah Deb K , Prakash Arjun , Bora Reeta , Buragohain Lemanstar 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMelioidosis is a rare potentially fatal infection caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, which is endemic in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia and an emerging pathogen in India. It is a largely under-diagnosed disease and an imitator of tuberculosis, both clinically and radiologically.