bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alexandrite Laser for Hair Reduction: Updates and What Is New
Authors: Haykal Diala 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionIn the realm of dermatological advancements, the alexandrite laser has carved out a significant niche in hair removal treatments. Operating at a 755 nm wavelength, it is adept at targeting melanin in hair follicles, making it particularly suitable for individuals with fair skin tones. Despite its advantages, the application of alexandrite lasers presents challenges, especially in individuals with darker skin tones due to a higher risk of adverse effects.ObjectiveThis comprehensive review explores the literature to examine the role and advancements of the alexandrite laser within the evolving landscape of laser hair removal. It discusses the technology's strengths, limitations, and prospects, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of its current state and identify avenues for further research.MethodsComprehensive searches were conducted in databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library from January 1990 to April 2024. The search included keywords and MeSH terms like ‘laser therapy,’ ‘hair reduction,’ ‘phototherapy,’ ‘hair removal,’ and ‘alexandrite.’ Studies focusing specifically on alexandrite lasers for hair removal, including reviews and clinical trials, were included.ResultsThe alexandrite laser is highly effective for light skin tones but poses risks for darker skin. Nd:YAG lasers are safer for darker skin but may require more sessions for fine or light‐colored hair. Diode lasers are versatile for various skin types but less efficient for very dark or very light skin. IPL is adaptable but often needs more sessions and has higher side effect risks. Long‐term studies show sustained hair reduction with alexandrite lasers, resulting in high patient satisfaction. Side effects are generally mild and temporary, such as redness and swelling. Recent advancements in alexandrite laser technology, such as integration with other laser types, larger spot sizes, and improved cooling systems, have enhanced its safety and efficacy. Combining alexandrite with Nd:YAG lasers has expanded its applicability to darker skin tones. These innovations, along with high‐frequency treatments and shorter pulse durations, promise improved patient outcomes. However, considerations of cost and the need for multiple sessions must be weighed.ConclusionNo single hair removal technology is universally superior; the optimal choice varies based on individual skin and hair characteristics. Advancements in alexandrite laser technology have broadened its applicability and enhanced its effectiveness and comfort for patients. Ongoing research and technological developments promise to refine these techniques further, revolutionizing long‐lasting hair reduction and making it an increasingly accessible and sustainable choice.
Montane diversification as a mechanism of speciation in neotropical butterflies
Authors: de Moraes Magaldi Luiza , Gueratto Patrícia Eyng , Ortega‐Abboud Enrique , Sobral‐Souza Thadeu , Joron Mathieu , de Souza Anete Pereira , Freitas André Victor Lucci , Silva‐Brandão Karina Lucas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe mountains in the Atlantic Forest domain are environments that harbor a high biodiversity, including species adapted to colder climates that were probably influenced by the climatic variations of the Pleistocene. To understand the phylogeographic pattern and assess the taxonomic boundaries between two sister montane species, a genomic study of the butterflies Actinote mantiqueira and A. alalia (Nymphalidae: Acraeini) was conducted. Analyses based on partial sequences of the mitochondrial gene COI (barcode region) failed to recover any phylogenetic or genetic structure discriminating the two species or sampling localities. However, single nucleotide polymorphisms gathered using Genotyping‐by‐Sequencing provided a strong isolation pattern in all analyses (genetic distance, phylogenetic hypothesis, clustering analyses, and FST statistics) which is consistent with morphology, separating all individuals of A. alalia from all populations of A. mantiqueira. The three sampled mountain ranges where A. mantiqueira populations occur—Serra do Mar, Serra da Mantiqueira, and Poços de Caldas Plateau—were identified as three isolated clusters. Paleoclimate simulations indicate that both species' distributions changed according to climatic oscillations in the Pleistocene period, with the two species potentially occurring in areas of lower altitude during glacial periods when compared to the interglacial periods (as the present). Besides, a potential path between their distribution through the Serra do Mar Mountain range was inferred. Therefore, the Pleistocene climatic fluctuation had a significant impact on the speciation process between A. alalia and A. mantiqueira, which was brought on by isolation at different mountain summits during interglacial periods, as shown by the modeled historical distribution and the observed genetic structure.
A novel approach for the effective prediction of cardiovascular disease using applied artificial intelligence techniques
Authors: Mir Azka , Ur Rehman Attique , Ali Tahir Muhammad , Javaid Sabeen , Almufareh Maram Fahaad , Humayun Mamoona , Shaheen Momina 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimsThe objective of this research is to develop an effective cardiovascular disease prediction framework using machine learning techniques and to achieve high accuracy for the prediction of cardiovascular disease.MethodsIn this paper, we have utilized machine learning algorithms to predict cardiovascular disease on the basis of symptoms such as chest pain, age and blood pressure. This study incorporated five distinct datasets: Heart UCI, Stroke, Heart Statlog, Framingham and Coronary Heart dataset obtained from online sources. For the implementation of the framework, RapidMiner tool was used. The three‐step approach includes pre‐processing of the dataset, applying feature selection method on pre‐processed dataset and then applying classification methods for prediction of results. We addressed missing values by replacing them with mean, and class imbalance was handled using sample bootstrapping. Various machine learning classifiers were applied out of which random forest with AdaBoost dataset using 10‐fold cross‐validation provided the high accuracy.ResultsThe proposed model provides the highest accuracy of 99.48% on Heart Statlog, 93.90% on Heart UCI, 96.25% on Stroke dataset, 86% on Framingham dataset and 78.36% on Coronary heart disease dataset, respectively.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the results of the study have shown remarkable potential of the proposed framework. By handling imbalance and missing values, a significantly accurate framework has been established that could effectively contribute to the prediction of cardiovascular disease at early stages.
The water imbalance of skeletal muscle and muscle weakness in patients with heart failure
Authors: Nakamura Kensuke , Kinugasa Yoshiharu , Sota Takeshi , Hirai Masayuki , Kato Masahiko , Yamamoto Kazuhiro 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimsA high extracellular water (ECW) to intracellular water (ICW) ratio of skeletal muscle as assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis is reportedly associated with loss of muscle strength. However, the validity of this index for heart failure (HF), which is likely associated with changes in the water distribution, is unclear.Methods and resultsThis study involved 190 patients with HF. The total ECW and ICW of both upper and lower extremities were measured, and a high ECW/ICW ratio was defined as an ECW/ICW ratio higher than the median (≥0.636 for men, ≥0.652 for women). Low muscle strength was defined as reduced handgrip strength according to the criteria established by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. Patients with a high ECW/ICW ratio had a lower handgrip strength (21.1 ± 8.1 kg vs. 27.6 ± 9.3 kg, P ≤ 0.05) and 6 min walk distance (329 ± 116 m vs. 440 ± 114 m) than those with a low ECW/ICW ratio. An increasing ECW and/or decreasing ICW was associated with a higher ECW/ICW ratio and a lower handgrip strength (P < 0.05). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, a high ECW/ICW ratio and low skeletal muscle mass were independently associated with low muscle strength (P < 0.05).ConclusionsA high ECW/ICW ratio in limb muscles, that is, the water imbalance of increasing ECW and/or decreasing ICW, is useful in assessing muscle quality in patients with HF.
European Society of Cardiology quality indicators update for the care and outcomes of adults with heart failure. The Heart Failure Association of the ESC
Authors: Abdin Amr , Wilkinson Chris , Aktaa Suleman , Böhm Michael , Polovina Marija , Rosano Giuseppe , Lainscak Mitja , Lund Lars H. , McDonagh Theresa , Metra Marco , Adamo Marianna , Mindham Richard , Piepoli Massimo , Abdelhamid Magdy , Störk Stefan , Tokmakova Maria P. , Seferović Petar , Coats Andrew J.S. , Gale Chris P. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTAimsTo update the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) quality indicators (QIs) for the evaluation of the care and outcomes of adults with heart failure.Methods and resultsThe Working Group comprised experts in heart failure including members of the ESC Clinical Practice Guidelines Task Force for heart failure, members of the Heart Failure Association, and a patient representative. We followed the ESC methodology for QI development. The 2023 focused guideline update was reviewed to assess the suitability of the recommendations with strongest association with benefit and harm against the ESC criteria for QIs. All the new proposed QIs were individually graded by each panellist via online questionnaires for both validity and feasibility. The existing heart failure QIs also underwent voting to ‘keep’, ‘remove’ or ‘modify’. Five domains of care for the management of heart failure were identified: (1) structural QIs, (2) patient assessment, (3) initial treatment, (4) therapy optimization, and (5) patient health‐related quality of life. In total, 14 ‘main’ and 3 ‘secondary’ QIs were selected across the five domains.ConclusionThis document provides an update of the previously published ESC QIs for heart failure to ensure that these measures are aligned with contemporary evidence. The QIs may be used to quantify adherence to clinical practice as recommended in guidelines to improve the care and outcomes of patients with heart failure.
Interferon α and β induce differential transcriptional and functional metabolic phenotypes in human macrophages and blunt glycolysis in response to antigenic stimuli
Authors: Leisching Gina , Yennemadi Anjali , Gogan Karl , Keane Joseph 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe impact of chronic exposure to type I interferons (IFN)‐α2a, 2b, and β on macrophage metabolism, intimately linked to macrophage function, is not well understood. This study assesses the nuanced host responses induced by type I IFN cytokines, offering insights into potential therapeutic approaches in diseases associated with these cytokines. Employing a combination of transcriptional profiling and real‐time functional analysis, we delineated metabolic reprogramming in response to chronic IFN exposure. Our results reveal distinct transcriptional metabolic profiles between macrophages chronically exposed to IFN‐α and IFN‐β. IFN‐β significantly diminishes the oxygen consumption rate and glycolytic proton extrusion rate in macrophages. Conversely, IFN‐α2b decreased parameters of mitochondrial fitness and induced a shift toward glutamine oxidation. Assessing the ability of macrophages to induce glycolysis in response to antigenic stimuli (LPS and iH37Rv), we found that chronic exposure to all IFN subtypes limited glycolytic induction. This study addresses a critical oversight in the literature, where individual roles of IFN subtypes are frequently amalgamated and lack distinction. These findings not only provide novel insights into the divergent effects of IFN‐α2a, α2b, and β on macrophage metabolism but also highlight their potential implications for developing targeted therapeutic strategies.
Pyrazolone Containing Azine Based Molybdenum Complexes Having μ‐O{MoO2}2 Core and their Catalytic Applications for the Cycloaddition of CO2 with Epoxides to Cyclic Carbonates
Authors: Maurya Mannar R. , Singh Devesh , Sharma Astha , Avecilla Fernando 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTetradentate ONNO donor ligands H2hz(fp)2 (I), H2hz(butp)2 (II) and H2hz(bp)2 (III) synthesized by the reaction of hydrazine hydrate with 4‐formyl‐3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐5‐pyrazolone (fp), 4‐butyryl‐3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐5‐pyrazolone (butp) and 4‐benzoyl‐3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐5‐pyrazolone (bp), respectively, react with [MoVIO2(acac)2] in 1 : 2 molar ratio in refluxing methanol to give binuclear complexes [(μ‐O){MoVIO2(H2O)}2hz(fp)2] (1) and [(μ‐O){MoVIO2(H2O)}2hz(butp)2] (2) and [(μ‐O){MoVIO2(H2O)}2hz(bp)2] (3). All ligands and complexes are characterized by several techniques that include, FT‐IR, UV/Vis, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopy, elemental and thermal analysis, and single crystal X‐ray analysis of 2 and 3. Ligands coordinate through a set of ON functionalities of the same ligand to two MoVIO2 groups attached through an oxido‐bridge. Additional coordination of water to each vanadium makes each of them to maintain an octahedral geometry. Azine moiety coordinates to two molybdenum through the symmetrical μ‐{η2‐(N−N)} fashion. Catalytic activity of these complexes was studied for the cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides. A pressure of 4 bar CO2, 3.0 mg catalyst, 1 mmol of tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) at 120 °C for 6 h were found to be most suited reaction condition for 10 mmol epoxide. Under the optimized reaction conditions, the product yield and selectivity of alkene carbonate for all complexes were investigated. As high as 96 % yield with almost 99 % selectivity for styrene carbonate under these optimized reaction conditions was achieved.
What is the role of universities at a time of climate and ecological crisis?
Authors: Dyke James G. , Monbiot George 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a dialogue between a writer and an academic about the roles and responsibilities of universities with respect to the climate and ecological crisis. The discussion addressed six priority issues: education; student protest; academic objectivity; student debt and financing; fossil fuel funding; consensus and risks. In considering these issues, the importance of interdisciplinarity was stressed. This included fostering inclusive approaches beyond natural sciences while recognising the importance of different perspectives on environmental challenges. The role of universities as a locus of social change was emphasised. An exploration of opportunities and barriers towards facilitating such perspectives within higher education was discussed.
More attention for the detection of comorbid autism spectrum disorders in behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia
Authors: Winnemuller Anouk , Heijnen‐Kohl Sylvia M. J. , van Alphen Sebastiaan P. J. 
Published: July 2024

Key points

Translocation of individuals with dementia to a nursing home can be very stressful because of cohabitation with fellow residents and dependence on care staff, resulting in behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD).
Undiagnosed neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD) can be a contributing factor to BPSD and are less often recognized later in life.
The detection of ASD in old age lags behind due to insufficient knowledge and alertness among health care professionals.
Recognizing ASD not only leads to more understanding and acceptance but can also contribute to better (non‐pharmacological) treatment of BPSD and guidance of nursing home residents.
Utilizing connectome fingerprinting functional MRI models for motor activity prediction in presurgical planning: A feasibility study
Authors: Tripathi Vaibhav , Rigolo Laura , Bracken Bethany K. , Galvin Colin P. , Golby Alexandra J. , Tie Yanmei , Somers David C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPresurgical planning prior to brain tumor resection is critical for the preservation of neurologic function post‐operatively. Neurosurgeons increasingly use advanced brain mapping techniques pre‐ and intra‐operatively to delineate brain regions which are “eloquent” and should be spared during resection. Functional MRI (fMRI) has emerged as a commonly used non‐invasive modality for individual patient mapping of critical cortical regions such as motor, language, and visual cortices. To map motor function, patients are scanned using fMRI while they perform various motor tasks to identify brain networks critical for motor performance, but it may be difficult for some patients to perform tasks in the scanner due to pre‐existing deficits. Connectome fingerprinting (CF) is a machine‐learning approach that learns associations between resting‐state functional networks of a brain region and the activations in the region for specific tasks; once a CF model is constructed, individualized predictions of task activation can be generated from resting‐state data. Here we utilized CF to train models on high‐quality data from 208 subjects in the Human Connectome Project (HCP) and used this to predict task activations in our cohort of healthy control subjects (n = 15) and presurgical patients (n = 16) using resting‐state fMRI (rs‐fMRI) data. The prediction quality was validated with task fMRI data in the healthy controls and patients. We found that the task predictions for motor areas are on par with actual task activations in most healthy subjects (model accuracy around 90%–100% of task stability) and some patients suggesting the CF models can be reliably substituted where task data is either not possible to collect or hard for subjects to perform. We were also able to make robust predictions in cases in which there were no task‐related activations elicited. The findings demonstrate the utility of the CF approach for predicting activations in out‐of‐sample subjects, across sites and scanners, and in patient populations. This work supports the feasibility of the application of CF models to presurgical planning, while also revealing challenges to be addressed in future developments.Practitioner Points
Precision motor network prediction using connectome fingerprinting.
Carefully trained models' performance limited by stability of task‐fMRI data.
Successful cross‐scanner predictions and motor network mapping in patients with tumor.
Assessing the presence of sustainability education in the curriculum of medical students and surgical trainees in Africa: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zolo Yvan , Demissie Mihret A. , Echengi Emmanuel M. , Davis Banturaki , Ornella Pokam F. , Sichimba Dawin , Dalle David U. , Simo Flora , Sunday Chidiebere I. , Pulani Yanelisa , Esene Ignatius 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsIntegrating sustainability principles into medical and surgical curricula raises awareness and empowers future healthcare professionals to adopt sustainable practices, reducing the environmental impact of surgical care. This study aims to assess the presence of sustainability education in African medical schools and surgical residency curricula to inform policymakers and educators in African healthcare systems.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was undertaken through an online survey among medical students and surgical trainees in African countries to describe the presence of sustainability education in surgical training programs and medical curricula across Africa. The results of this survey were reported in accordance with the Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E‐Surveys (CHERRIES).ResultsA total of 141 participants from 17 countries responded to our e‐survey, primarily consisting of undergraduate medical students (92.2%, n = 130). Only 9.2% of participants reported familiarity with the concept of sustainability in surgical care, and 60.3% stated that they had yet to receive any education on sustainability. Waste management was the most commonly taught sustainability topic among those who confirmed the presence of sustainability education in their curricula. Additionally, 76% of participants reported not participating in sustainability‐related projects during their training.ConclusionThis study highlights the urgent need for comprehensive integration of sustainability principles in surgical care and identifies barriers, such as a lack of awareness and resources to this integration. Addressing these gaps and implementing the suggested approaches can lead to more environmentally conscious and socially responsible surgical systems in Africa.
Targeted management of coexistent severe thrombophilias—A case report of a successful pregnancy despite paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and hereditary protein C deficiency
Authors: Dereme Julien , Goodyer Matthew , Baud David , Alberio Lorenzo , Grandoni Francesco , Gavillet Mathilde 
Published: July 2024

AbstractParoxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare hematological disorder characterized by the absence of complement regulatory proteins on the surface of erythrocytes, leading to intravascular hemolysis and thrombosis. Managing PNH during pregnancy poses significant challenges due to increased risks of morbidity and mortality. This case report describes the detailed obstetric course of a 44‐year‐old woman with PNH and additional hereditary protein C deficiency who had previously experienced multiple thrombotic events and adverse pregnancy outcomes (two early miscarriages and one stillbirth at 25 weeks gestation [WG]), treated with eculizumab (terminal C5 inhibitor) and optimal anticoagulation management. Close monitoring of hemolysis and hemostasis parameters was conducted throughout the gestation period together with increased obstetrical surveillance. The pregnancy progressed without thrombotic complications or breakthrough hemolysis, and the patient delivered a healthy newborn at 36 WG after induction of labor due to restricted fetal growth. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a positive pregnancy outcome despite PNH in conjunction with hereditary thrombophilia. This case report highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach involving hematologists and obstetricians in the management of pregnant women with PNH. Tailored therapy, close monitoring, and comprehensive care are crucial to minimize risks and optimize outcomes.