bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Involvement of Fcα/μ Receptor in IgM Anti-Platelet, but Not Anti–Red Blood Cell Autoantibody Pathogenicity in Mice
Authors: Legrain Sarah , Su Dan , Breukel Cor , Detalle Laurent , Claassens Jill W. , van der Kaa Jos , Izui Shozo , Verbeek J. Sjef , Coutelier Jean-Paul 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
IgM anti-mouse platelet autoantibodies cause thrombocytopenia by mediating uptake of opsonized thrombocytes, whereas IgM anti-erythrocyte autoantibodies induce anemia through a phagocytosis-independent cell destruction. In this article, we show that infection with lactate dehydrogenase–elevating virus, a benign mouse arterivirus, exacerbates the pathogenicity of IgM anti-platelet, but not anti-erythrocyte autoantibodies. To define the role of Fcα/μ receptor (Fcα/μR) in IgM-mediated thrombocytopenia and anemia, we generated mice deficient for this receptor. These animals were resistant to IgM autoantibody-mediated thrombocytopenia, but not anemia. However, the lactate dehydrogenase–elevating virus–induced exacerbation of thrombocytopenia was not associated with enhanced Fcα/μR expression on macrophages. These results indicate that Fcα/μR is required for the pathogenicity of IgM anti-platelet autoantibodies but is not sufficient to explain the full extent of the disease in virally infected animals.
Regulatory and T Effector Cells Have Overlapping Low to High Ranges in TCR Affinities for Self during Demyelinating Disease
Authors: Hood Jennifer D. , Zarnitsyna Veronika I. , Zhu Cheng , Evavold Brian D. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Having regulatory T cells (Tregs) with the same Ag specificity as the responding conventional T cells is thought to be important in maintaining peripheral tolerance. It has been demonstrated that during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis there are myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)–specific Tregs that infiltrate into the CNS. However, the affinity of naturally occurring polyclonal Tregs for any self-antigen, let alone MOG, has not been analyzed in the periphery or at the site of autoimmune disease. Utilizing the highly sensitive micropipette adhesion frequency assay, which allows one to determine on a single-cell basis the affinity and frequency of polyclonal Ag-specific T cells directly ex vivo, we demonstrate that at peak disease MOG-specific Tregs were progressively enriched in the draining cervical lymph nodes and CNS as compared with spleen. These frequencies were greater than the frequencies measured by tetramer analysis, indicative of the large fraction of lower affinity T cells that comprise the MOG-specific conventional T cell (Tconv) and Treg response. Of interest, the self-reactive CD4+ Tconvs and Tregs displayed overlapping affinities for MOG in the periphery, yet in the CNS, the site of neuroinflammation, Tconvs skew toward higher affinities. Most of the MOG-specific Tregs in the CNS possessed the methylation signature associated with thymic-derived Tregs. These findings indicate that thymic-derived Treg affinity range matches that of their Tconvs in the periphery and suggest a change in TCR affinity as a potential mechanism for autoimmune progression and escape from immune regulation.
Lateral Brow Lift: A Multi-Point Suture Fixation Technique
Authors: Foustanos Andreas , Drimouras Georgios , Panagiotopoulos Konstantinos 
Published: September 2015

Background Descent of the lateral aspect of the brow is one of the earliest signs of aging. The purpose of this study was to describe an open surgical technique for lateral brow lifts, with the goal of achieving reliable, predictable, and long-lasting results.
Methods An incision was made behind and parallel to the temporal hairline, and then extended deeper through the temporoparietal fascia to the level of the deep temporal fascia. Dissection was continued anteriorly on the surface of the deep temporal fascia and subperiosteally beyond the temporal crest, to the level of the superolateral orbital rim. Fixation of the lateral brow and tightening of the orbicularis oculi muscle was achieved with the placement of sutures that secured the tissue directly to the galea aponeurotica on the lateral aspect of the incision. An additional fixation was made between the temporoparietal fascia and the deep temporal fascia, as well as between the temporoparietal fascia and the galea aponeurotica. The excess skin in the temporal area was excised and the incision was closed.
Results A total of 519 patients were included in the study. Satisfactory lateral brow elevation was obtained in most of the patients (94.41%). The following complications were observed: total relapse (n=8), partial relapse (n=21), neurapraxia of the frontal branch of the facial nerve (n=5), and limited alopecia in the temporal incision (n=9).
Conclusions We consider this approach to be a safe and effective procedure, with long-lasting results.
Short-Term Strength Deficit Following Zone 1 Replantations
Authors: Roh Si Young , Shim Woo Cheol , Lee Kyung Jin , Lee Dong Chul , Kim Jin Soo , Yang Jae-Won 
Published: September 2015

Background Hand strength deficit following digital replantation is usually attributed to the mechanical deficiency of the replanted digit. Zone 1 replantation, however, should not be associated with any mechanical deficit, as the joint and tendon are intact. We evaluate short-term motor functions in patients who have undergone single-digit zone 1 replantation.
Methods A single-institution retrospective review was performed for all patients who underwent zone 1 replantation. Hand and pinch strengths were evaluated using standard dynamometers. Each set of measurements was pooled according to follow-up periods (within 1 month, 1 to 2 months, 2 to 3 months, and after 3 months). The uninjured hand was used as reference for measurements.
Results The review identified 53 patients who had undergone zone 1 replantation and presented for follow-up visits. Compared to the uninjured hand, dynamometer measurements revealed significantly less strength for the hand with replanted digit at one month. The relative mean grip, pulp, and key pinch strength were 31%, 46%, and 48% of the uninjured hand. These three strength measurements gradually increased, with relative strength measurements of 59%, 70%, and 78% for 4-month follow up.
Conclusions Despite the lack of joint or tendon injury, strength of the injured hand was significantly lower than that of the uninjured hand during the 4 months following replantation. Improved rehabilitation strategies are needed to diminish the short-term negative impact that an isolated zone 1 replantation has on the overall hand strength.
Reconstruction of Ankle and Heel Defects with Peroneal Artery Perforator-Based Pedicled Flaps
Authors: Ahn Deok Ki , Lew Dae Hyun , Roh Tai Suk , Lee Won Jai 
Published: September 2015

Background The reconstruction of ankle and heel defects remains a significant problem for plastic surgeons. The following options exist for reconstructing such defects: local random flaps, reverse flow island flaps, and free flaps. However, each of these methods has certain drawbacks. Peroneal artery perforators have many advantages; in particular, they are predictable and reliable for ankle and heel reconstructions. In this study, we report our clinical experience with peroneal artery perforator-based pedicled flaps in ankle and heel reconstructions.
Methods From July 2005 to October 2012, 12 patients underwent the reconstruction of soft tissue defects in the ankle and heel using a peroneal artery perforator-based pedicled flap. These 12 cases were classified according to the anatomical area involved. The cause of the wound, comorbidities, flap size, operative results, and complications were analyzed through retrospective chart review.
Results The mean age of the patients was 52.4 years. The size of the flaps ranged from 5×4 to 20×8 cm2. The defects were classified into two groups based on whether they occurred in the Achilles tendon (n=9) or heel pad (n=3). In all 12 patients, complete flap survival was achieved without significant complications; however, two patients experienced minor wound dehiscence. Nevertheless, these wounds healed in response to subsequent debridement and conservative management. No patient had any functional deficits of the lower extremities.
Conclusions Peroneal artery perforator-based pedicled flaps were found to be a useful option for the reconstruction of soft tissue defects of the ankle and heel.
DSHARK: A dispersion relation solver for obliquely propagating waves in bi‐kappa‐distributed plasmas
Authors: Astfalk Patrick , Görler Tobias , Jenko Frank 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSatellite measurements suggest that space plasmas often exhibit bi‐kappa particle distributions with high‐energy tails instead of simple Maxwellians. The presence of suprathermal particles significantly alters the plasmas' dispersion properties compared to purely Maxwellian scenarios. In the past, wave propagation in magnetized, bi‐kappa plasmas was almost exclusively addressed for parallel propagating modes only. To enable a systematic study of both parallel and oblique wave propagation, the new kinetic dispersion relation solver Dispersion Solver for Homogeneous Plasmas with Anisotropic Kappa Distributions (DSHARK) was developed and is presented in this work. DSHARK is an iterative root‐finding algorithm which is based on Summers et al. (1994) who derived the dielectric tensor for plasmas with bi‐kappa‐distributed particles. After a brief discussion of kappa distributions, we present the kinetic theory and the numerical methods implemented in DSHARK and verify the code by considering several test cases. Then, we apply DSHARK to the oblique firehose instability to initiate a more extensive work which will be addressed in the future. A systematic investigation of the dispersion properties of bi‐kappa‐distributed plasmas is expected to lead to a deeper understanding of wave propagation and instability growth in the solar wind.
Probing the possible trigger mechanisms of an equatorial plasma bubble event based on multistation optical data
Authors: Taori A. , Parihar N. , Ghodpage R. , Dashora N. , Sripathi S. , Kherani E. A. , Patil P. T. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe analyze an equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) event observed in optical 630 nm image data simultaneously from Gadanki (13.5°N, 79.2°E), Kolhapur (16.8°N, 74.2°E), India. The total electron content data from Gadanki together with the ionosonde data from an equatorial Indian station, Tirunelveli (8.7°N, 77.8°E) confirmed the association of observed EPB event with equatorial spread F (ESF). The optical 630 nm images from a farther low‐latitude Indian station Ranchi (23.3°N, 85.3°E) show clear signatures of tilted east‐west wave structures propagating toward equator. Further, the upward wave energy noted in mesospheric airglow data was found to be negligible. These data suggest that possibly the off‐equatorial tilted east‐west structures triggered the observed EPB/ESF event.
What causes large submarine landslides on low gradient (<2°) continental slopes with slow (∼0.15 m/kyr) sediment accumulation?
Authors: Urlaub Morelia , Talling Peter J. , Zervos Antonis , Masson Douglas 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSubmarine landslides can cause damaging tsunamis, the height of which scales up with the volume of the displaced mass. The largest underwater landslides are far bigger than any landslides on land, and these submarine megaslides tend to occur on open continental slopes with remarkably low gradients of less than 2°. For geohazard assessments it is essential to understand what preconditions and triggers slope failure on such low gradients. Previous work has suggested that generation of high excess pore pressure due to rapid sediment deposition plays a key role in such failures. However, submarine slope failure also occurs where sedimentation rates are low (<0.15 m/kyr), such as off northwest Africa. We use a fully coupled stress and fluid flow finite element model to test whether such low sedimentation rates can generate sufficient excess pore pressures to cause failure of a 2° slope. The sensitivity of overpressure generation and slope stability is assessed with respect to different sedimentation rates and patterns, sediment consolidation properties, and stratigraphic layer configurations. The simulations show that, in general, it is difficult to generate significant excess pore pressure if sediment accumulation is slow and the only pressure source. However, we identify a sediment compression behavior that can lead to submarine landslides in locations worldwide. Our results imply that compressibility is an important factor for the stability of low gradient continental slopes.
Aerosol single‐scattering albedo over the global oceans: Comparing PARASOL retrievals with AERONET, OMI, and AeroCom models estimates
Authors: Lacagnina Carlo , Hasekamp Otto P. , Bian Huisheng , Curci Gabriele , Myhre Gunnar , van Noije Twan , Schulz Michael , Skeie Ragnhild B. , Takemura Toshihiko , Zhang Kai 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe aerosol single‐scattering albedo (SSA) over the global ocean is evaluated based on polarimetric measurements by the PARASOL (Polarization and Anisotropy of Reflectances for Atmospheric Sciences coupled with Observations from a Lidar) satellite. For the first time, global ocean SSA and Absorption Aerosol Optical Depth (AAOD) from this instrument are shown and evaluated against other observations (the Aerosol Robotic Network, AERONET, and the Ozone Monitoring Instrument, OMI). The observational data sets compare reasonably well, with the majority of the colocated points within 0.05 of the AERONET measurements. PARASOL shows that SSA is characterized by high spatial and seasonal variability, also over the open ocean far from the inland emission regions. The near global coverage in the visible spectral range provided by the PARASOL retrievals represents a unique opportunity to evaluate aerosol optical properties simulated by global aerosol models, as performed in the Aerosol Comparisons between Observations and Models (AeroCom) framework. The SSA (AAOD) estimated by the AeroCom models is generally higher (smaller) than the SSA (AAOD) retrieved from PARASOL. On the other hand, the mean simulated aerosol optical depth is consistent or slightly underestimated compared with observations. An overestimate of the aerosol scattering, compared to absorption, by the models would suggest that these simulate an overly strong aerosol radiative cooling at top of atmosphere, over most of the ocean surfaces. This implies that aerosols have a potentially stronger direct and semidirect impact within the atmosphere than currently simulated.
Association of Body Composition and Hormonal and Inflammatory Factors With Tibial Cartilage Volume and Sex Difference in Cartilage Volume in Young Adults
Authors: Antony Benny , Venn Alison , Cicuttini Flavia , March Lyn , Blizzard Leigh , Dwyer Terence , Cross Marita , Jones Graeme , Ding Changhai 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveTo describe the associations between body composition and hormonal and inflammatory factors measured 5 years prior and tibial cartilage volume in young adults, and to explore if these factors contribute to the sex difference in tibial cartilage volume.MethodsSubjects broadly representative of the young adult Australian population (n = 328, ages 31–41 years, 47.3% women) were selected. They underwent T1‐weighted fat‐suppressed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of their knees. Tibial cartilage volume was measured from MRI. Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and testosterone in a subset of women and C‐reactive protein (CRP) level and fibrinogen in both sexes were measured 5 years prior. Body mass index (BMI), fat mass, and lean mass were calculated from height, weight, and skinfolds.ResultsIn multivariable analyses, correlates of tibial cartilage volume included lean body mass (β = 26.4 mm3; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 13.6, 39.1), fat mass (β = −11.8 mm3; 95% CI −22.2, −1.4), and fibrinogen (β = −146.4 mm3; 95% CI −276.4, −16.4), but not BMI, testosterone, or CRP level. In women, SHBG was positively associated with tibial cartilage volume (β = 0.67 mm3; 95% CI 0.14, 1.20) and Free Androgen Index was negatively associated with lateral tibial cartilage volume (β = −0.04 mm3; 95% CI −0.07, 0.00). Men had 13% more tibial cartilage volume (500 mm3) than women. The magnitude of this association decreased by 38%, 20%, and 37% after adjustment for lean body mass, fat mass, and fibrinogen, respectively.ConclusionBody composition, sex hormones, and fibrinogen correlate with knee cartilage volume in young adult life. Sex difference in knee cartilage volume is contributed largely by variations in body composition and/or fibrinogen.
Synergistic effect of expandable graphite and aluminum hypophosphite on flame‐retardant properties of rigid polyurethane foam
Authors: Xu Wen‐Zong , Liu Liang , Wang Shao‐Qing , Hu Yuan 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTA series of flame retarding rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) composites based on expandable graphite (EG) and aluminum hypophosphite (AHP) were prepared by the one‐pot method. The properties were characterized by limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, cone calorimeter test, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), real‐time Fourier transform‐infrared spectra (RT‐FT‐IR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), etc. The results indicate that both EG and AHP could enhance the flame retardency of RPUF composites. Besides, the flame retardant effect of EG was better than that of AHP. The results also show that partial substitution of EG with AHP could improve the flame retardency of RPUF, and EG and AHP presented an excellent synergistic effect on flame retardancy. What is more, compared with RPUF/20EG and RPUF/20AHP, the heat release rate (HRR) and total heat release (THR) of RPUF/15EG/5AHP were lower.TGA results indicate that partial substitution of EG with AHP could improve the char residue which provided better flame retardancy for RPUF composites. The thermal degradation process of RPUF composites and the chemical component of the char residue were investigated by RT‐FT‐IR and XPS. And the results prove that RPUF/15EG/5AHP had higher heat resistance in the later stage. Compared with the RPUF composites filled with EG, a better cell structure and mechanical properties were observed with the substitution of AHP for part of EG. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42842.
Review seed biopharmaceutical cyclic peptides: From discovery to applications
Authors: Mahatmanto Tunjung 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTMini‐proteins (or peptides) with disulfide bond/s and a cyclic backbone offer exciting opportunities for applications in medicine, as these ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptides are exceptionally stable and amenable to grafting epitopes with desirable activities. Here I discuss important aspects of the discovery and applications of disulfide‐bonded cyclic peptides from seeds, i.e., the trypsin inhibitor cyclotides and the preproalbumin with sunflower trypsin inhibitor‐derived peptides, focusing on bioanalytical methods for and insights generated from their discovery as well as their potential use as engineering scaffolds for peptide‐based drug design. The recent discovery of their precursors and processing enzymes could potentially enable in planta production of designer disulfide‐bonded cyclic peptides, preferably in edible seeds, and address the demand for new biopharmaceutical peptides in a cost‐effective manner. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 104: 804–814, 2015.
Rotational atherectomy: A persistently relevant niche device
Authors: Aghili Nima , Kimmelstiel Carey 
Published: September 2015

Key Points

Rotational atherectomy is effective and safe in selected complex calcified lesions.
Despite an older population with more comorbidities, rotational atherectomy is not associated with worse clinical outcomes.
Coronary interventionalists need to be well‐trained in both the use of atherectomy techniques as well as how to manage potential complications.
Filtering through the data on retrievable inferior vena cava filters
Authors: Weinberg Ido , Drachman Douglas E. 
Published: September 2015

Key points

Technical success rates with implantation and retrieval of retrievable inferior vena cava filters are high
Inferior vena cava filters are being used for a wide range of indications
Systems should be put in place to ensure prompt and effective retrieval of inferior vena cava filters once these are no longer needed
Transradial approach to take a little piece of heart
Authors: Bagur Rodrigo , Gilchrist Ian C. 
Published: September 2015

Key Points

Advances in sheathless‐guide technology can permit left ventricular endomyocardial biopsy through the radial artery.
In experienced hands, the procedure can be done effectively with concurrent anticoagulation to both prevent system embolization from the biopsy site and to reduce the risk of radial artery occlusion.
The long‐term effect of repeated or single myocardial biopsy procedures using the radial artery is unknown.
Buzzing the plaque: Coronary rotational atherectomy in its third decade
Authors: Vetrovec George W. 
Published: September 2015

Key Points

Rotational atherectomy enhances successful stenting in high risk, limited option PCI.
Independent risk factors for mortality, not surprisingly, include older age, reduced LVEF, renal insufficiency and diabetes.
These results support the continued importance of rotational atherectomy to support the growing frequency of high risk, no option PCI patients often with complex calcified lesions.
Improved harmonization of eosin‐5‐maleimide binding test across different instruments and age groups
Authors: Agarwal Archana M. , Liew Michael A. , Nussenzveig Roberto H. , Sangle Nikhil , Heikal Nahla , Yaish Hassan , Christensen Robert 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundThe eosin‐5′maleimide (EMA) binding test has been studied extensively for the detection of hereditary spherocytosis (HS). Its performance characteristics have been compared to NaCl‐based or glycerol lysis‐based red cell osmotic fragility tests and cryohemolysis. HS samples are also better identified when both mean channel fluorescence (MCF) of EMA relative to controls and the coefficient of variation (CV) are analyzed.MethodsWe looked at 65 normal controls including 30 adults 25‐65 years old and 35 newborns and 12 HS cases. In addition to the MCF and the CV, we used a side scatter (SSC) vs. EMA fluorescence gate or “footprint” to depict where normal erythrocytes should appear. Erythrocytes that have reduced band 3 protein appear outside of the footprint.ResultsIn our study, newborn data did not cluster with the samples from working age individuals. The MCF and the CVs of normal newborns were higher than normal adult group. However, the footprint data of normal samples relative to their controls was around 99.5% for each group, because the footprint was moved to fit the pattern of the normal.ConclusionsThe inclusion of footprint parameter will help in better standardization as well as implementation of this test across different age groups as well as different instruments. © 2015 International Clinical Cytometry Society