bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional analysis of endo‐1,4‐β‐glucanases in response to Botrytis cinerea and Pseudomonas syringae reveals their involvement in plant–pathogen interactions
Authors: Finiti I. , Leyva M. O. , López‐Cruz J. , Calderan Rodrigues B. , Vicedo B. , Angulo C. , Bennett A. B. , Grant M. , García‐Agustín P. , González‐Bosch C. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPlant cell wall modification is a critical component in stress responses. Endo‐1,4‐β‐glucanases (EGs) take part in cell wall editing processes, e.g. elongation, ripening and abscission. Here we studied the infection response of Solanum lycopersicum and Arabidopsis thaliana with impaired EGs. Transgenic TomCel1 and TomCel2 tomato antisense plants challenged with Pseudomonas syringae showed higher susceptibility, callose priming and increased jasmonic acid pathway marker gene expression. These two EGs could be resistance factors and may act as negative regulators of callose deposition, probably by interfering with the defence‐signalling network. A study of a set of Arabidopsis EG T‐DNA insertion mutants challenged with P. syringae and Botrytis cinerea revealed that the lack of other EGs interferes with infection phenotype, callose deposition, expression of signalling pathway marker genes and hormonal balance. We conclude that a lack of EGs could alter plant response to pathogens by modifying the properties of the cell wall and/or interfering with signalling pathways, contributing to generate the appropriate signalling outcomes. Analysis of microarray data demonstrates that EGs are differentially expressed upon many different plant–pathogen challenges, hormone treatments and many abiotic stresses. We found some Arabidopsis EG mutants with increased tolerance to osmotic and salt stress. Our results show that impairing EGs can alter plant–pathogen interactions and may contribute to appropriate signalling outcomes in many different biotic and abiotic plant stress responses.
Selectivity of particle size by the pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus duorarum (Burkenroad, 1939) larvae
Authors: Gelabert Rolando , Brito Roberto 
Published: March 2013

AbstractArtificial foods have been proposed in aquaculture as a complement or substitute for live food and the quality has been evaluated by considering nutritional value, acceptability, digestibility and water stability, but because of the filter‐feeding behaviour of larvae of the cultured shrimp and the diversity of food found in the market for larviculture, it is important to define the size of food ingested by the different larval stages until the postlarval stage where raptorial habits are more evident than the filter feeding lifestyle. Selectivity assays in the pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus duorarum larvae were made using polystyrene DVB particles with a diameter between 1 and 50 μm as food. A group of organisms between zoea I and postlarval I stages were put into the particle suspension for 15 min to let the particles be ingested. The particle distribution in the medium and the content of the gut of the animals were characterized with digital‐image processing analysis. The results were compared using the Ivlev selectivity formula, which contrasts the frequency distribution of each particle size in the medium and in the gut of larvae. The results of selectivity were adjusted with a third‐order polynomial regression to determine the optimum and the preferred size of the food for each larval stage. The optimum sizes of the food ingested for the different stages of F. duorarum were between 6.17 and 12.02 μm and the preferred were found to be between 2.68 and 18.65 μm.
Moderate to vigorous physical activity interactions with genetic variants and body mass index in a large US ethnically diverse cohort
Authors: Richardson A. S. , North K. E. , Graff M. , Young K. M. , Mohlke K. L. , Lange L. A. , Lange E. M. , Harris K. M. , Gordon‐Larsen P. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryWhat is already known about this subject
Genome‐Wide Association Studies have successfully identified numerous genetic loci that influence body mass index in European‐descent middle‐aged adults.
Adolescence is a high‐risk period for the development of adult obesity and severe obesity.
Physical activity is one of the most promising behavioural candidates for preventing and reducing weight gain, particularly among youth.
What this study adds
An examination of the joint association between 41 of the well‐established obesity susceptibility single‐nucleotide polymorphisms with <5 vs. ≥5 bouts of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per week in relation to body mass index (BMI)‐for‐age Z‐score in a nationally representative sample of European American, African–American and Hispanic American adolescents.
Three nominally significant interactions (P < 0.05) varied by race/ethnicity.
Overall, the estimated effect of the risk allele on BMI‐for‐age Z‐score was greater in individuals with <5 than those with ≥5 bouts MVPA per week.
BackgroundLittle is known about the interaction between genetic and behavioural factors during lifecycle risk periods for obesity and how associations vary across race/ethnicity.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to examine joint associations of adiposity‐related single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with body mass index (BMI) in a diverse adolescent cohort.MethodsUsing data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (n = 8113: Wave II 1996; ages 12–21, Wave III; ages 18–27), we assessed interactions of 41 well‐established SNPs and MVPA with BMI‐for‐age Z‐scores in European Americans (EA; n = 5077), African–Americans (AA; n = 1736) and Hispanic Americans (HA; n = 1300).ResultsOf 97 assessed, we found nominally significant SNP–MVPA interactions on BMI‐for‐age Z‐score in EA at GNPDA2 and FTO and in HA at LZTR2/SEC16B. In EA, the estimated effect of the FTO risk allele on BMI‐for‐age Z‐score was lower (β = −0.13; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.08, 0.18) in individuals with ≥5 vs. <5 (β = 0.24; CI: 0.16, 0.32) bouts of MVPA per week (P for interaction 0.02). Race/ethnicity‐pooled meta‐analysis showed nominally significant interactions for SNPs at TFAP2B, POC5 and LYPLAL1.ConclusionsHigh MVPA may attenuate underlying genetic risk for obesity during adolescence, a high‐risk period for adult obesity.
Sex Differences in Barriers to Antihypertensive Medication Adherence: Findings from the Cohort Study of Medication Adherence Among Older Adults
Authors: Holt Elizabeth , Joyce Cara , Dornelles Adriana , Morisky Donald , Webber Larry S. , Muntner Paul , Krousel‐Wood Marie 
Published: March 2013

ObjectivesTo determine whether sociodemographic, clinical, healthcare system, psychosocial, and behavioral factors are differentially associated with low antihypertensive medication adherence scores in older men and women.DesignCross‐sectional analysis of baseline data.SettingCohort Study of Medication Adherence in Older Adults (N = 2,194).MeasurementsLow antihypertensive medication adherence was defined as a score less than 6 on the 8‐item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale. Information on risk factors for low adherence was collected using telephone surveys and administrative databases.ResultsThe prevalence of low medication adherence scores did not differ according to sex (women, 15.0%; men 13.1%; P = .21). In sex‐specific multivariable models, having problems with medication cost and practicing fewer lifestyle modifications for blood pressure control were associated with low adherence scores in men and women. Factors associated with low adherence scores in men but not women were poor sexual functioning (odds ratio (OR) = 2.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.31–3.16 for men and OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 0.90–1.82 for women), and body mass index of 25.0 kg/m2 or more (OR = 3.23, 95% CI = 1.59–6.59 for men; OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 0.82–1.85 for women). Factors associated with low adherence scores in women but not men included dissatisfaction with communication with their healthcare provider (OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.16–2.65 for women; OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 0.57–2.34 for men) and depressive symptoms (OR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.55–3.38 for women; OR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.48–1.80 for men).ConclusionFactors associated with low antihypertensive medication adherence scores differed according to sex. Interventions designed to improve adherence in older adults should be customized to account for the sex of the target population.
EBSD coupled to SEM in situ annealing for assessing recrystallization and grain growth mechanisms in pure tantalum
Authors: KERISIT C. , LOGÉ R.E. , JACOMET S. , LLORCA V. , BOZZOLO N. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryAn in situ annealing stage has been developed in‐house and integrated in the chamber of a Scanning Electron Microscope equipped with an Electron BackScattered Diffraction system. Based on the Joule effect, this device can reach the temperature of 1200°C at heating rates up to 100°C/s, avoiding microstructural evolutions during heating. A high‐purity tantalum deformed sample has been annealed at variable temperature in the range 750°C–1030°C, and classical mechanisms of microstructural evolutions such as recrystallization and grain coarsening phenomena have been observed. Quantitative measurements of grain growth rates provide an estimate of the mean grain boundary mobility, which is consistent with the value estimated from physical parameters reported for that material. In situ annealing therefore appears to be suited for complementing bulk measurements at relatively high temperatures, in the context of recrystallization and grain growth in such a single‐phase material.
Memory impairment and hippocampus specific protein oxidation induced by ethanol intake and 3, 4‐Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in mice
Authors: Ros‐Simó Clara , Moscoso‐Castro Maria , Ruiz‐Medina Jéssica , Ros Joaquim , Valverde Olga 
Published: March 2013

AbstractEthanol and 3, 4‐Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) are popular recreational drugs widely abused by adolescents that may induce neurotoxic processes associated with behavioural alterations. Adolescent CD1 mice were subjected to ethanol intake using the drinking in the dark (DID) procedure, acute MDMA or a combination. Considering that both drugs of abuse cause oxidative stress in the brain, protein oxidative damage in different brain areas was analysed 72 h after treatment using a proteomic approach. Damage to specific proteins in treated animals was significant in the hippocampus but not in the prefrontal cortex. The damaged hippocampus proteins were then identified by mass spectrometry, revealing their involvement in energy metabolism, structural function, axonal outgrowth and stability, and neurotransmitter release. Mice treated with MDMA displayed higher oxidative damage than ethanol‐treated mice. To determine whether this oxidative damage was affecting hippocampus activity, declarative memory was evaluated at 72 h after treatment using the object recognition assay and the radial arm maze. Although acquisition in the radial arm maze was not impaired by ethanol intake, MDMA treatment impaired long‐term memory in both tests. Therefore, oxidative damage to specific proteins observed under MDMA treatment affects important cellular function on the hippocampus that may contribute to declarative memory deficits.
An exploration of human papillomavirus‐related cervical cancer prevention experiences among college women: a descriptive qualitative approach
Authors: Tu Yu‐Ching , Wang Hsiu‐Hung 
Published: March 2013

Aims and objectivesTo enhance understanding of young women's experiences of human papillomavirus‐related cervical cancer prevention in Taiwan.BackgroundHigh‐risk types of human papillomavirus are a key aetiologic factor behind cervical cancer. Recently, human papillomavirus vaccination is considered an effective approach to prevent vaccine‐specific typed human papillomavirus‐related cervical cancer in women. However, several controversial issues still arise about routine administration of human papillomavirus vaccines, and the literature on young women's protection against human papillomavirus‐related cervical cancer is limited.DesignA descriptive qualitative design categorised responses into themes.MethodsSixteen sexually active college women (aged 20–22 years) were recruited via purposive and snow‐ball sampling in Southern Taiwan. Every participant underwent an in‐depth interview which was audio‐recorded and fully transcribed. Analysis of the interview material was inductive and followed a thematic analysis approach. Procedures to confirm confidentiality, credibility and consistency were considered.ResultsThis article provides an insight into the college women's experiences in the obstacles to and striving towards breakthroughs of human papillomavirus‐related cervical cancer prevention. The obstacles include inadequate health literacy, financial difficulty, negative medical experiences and gender myths. The striving towards breakthroughs consists in self‐protection and knowledge support.ConclusionCollege women experience difficulties with human papillomavirus‐related cervical cancer prevention. They desire to have a publicly funded human papillomavirus immunisation programme, friendly medical environments, sufficient knowledge and open‐minded society to maintain their health. Such reflection information is helpful to design effective human papillomavirus‐related cervical cancer prevention campaigns.Relevance to clinical practiceYoung women do not know how to protect against human papillomavirus infection, although human papillomavirus‐related cervical cancer prevention methods are definite. This study provides useful information for health care professionals to assess the intervention education and health care to develop a thorough human papillomavirus‐related cervical cancer programme. To have control of human papillomavirus‐related cervical cancer for young women, personal health care management, prophylactic medicine and Pap tests should be integrated into human papillomavirus‐related cervical cancer campaigns.
Review of interventions to increase hearing protective device use in youth who live or work on farms
Authors: Sherman Crystal R , Azulay Chertok Ilana R 
Published: March 2013

Aims and objectivesTo identify and compare hearing protection interventions for youth working and living on farms.BackgroundNoise‐induced hearing loss represents a significant risk factor for injury, disability and death in agricultural populations due to an inability to receive sensory information that can indicate dangerous situations. Despite the availability of hearing protection devices, rates of utilisation remain low, while rates of noise‐induced hearing loss are high within the agricultural youth population.DesignComprehensive review of the literature.MethodElectronic database searches were conducted to identify research studies of hearing protection interventions for youth living or working on farms.ResultsThree intervention studies were identified as meeting the review criteria, with additional reanalysis studies based on the original intervention studies. The intervention studies demonstrated increased use of hearing protection devices among youth who received the interventions compared to the control groups although audiometry testing results were not improved as a result of the intervention.ConclusionsThe findings of this review highlight the need for additional research into the effectiveness of hearing protection device use as a noise‐induced hearing loss preventative measure in youth who live or work on farms and the creation of effective interventions to increase hearing protection device use and decrease Noise‐induced hearing loss risk.Relevance to clinical practiceIt is recommended that nurses be educated in the areas of health promotion relevant to farming communities to be able to effectively meet their rural clients' needs in relation to noise‐induced hearing loss. Working with youth, families, and schools, as well as developing community partnerships, can facilitate the dissemination of hearing protection promotion.
Abundant expression of mTOR kinase in salivary gland tumors – potentials as therapy target?
Authors: Clauditz Till Sebastian , Gontarewicz Artur , Bokemeyer Carsten , Sauter Guido , Knecht Rainald , Münscher Adrian , Wilczak Waldemar 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundSalivary gland tumors constitute 3–6% of all head and neck neoplasms in adults. Because of limited advances made in the treatment of metastatic disease, the more important is the role of new therapeutic strategies, including molecular therapy. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has recently been established as a therapeutic target for several drugs.MaterialEvaluation of phospho‐mTOR as a possible therapy target by patients with salivary gland tumors. Immunohistochemical semi‐quantitative analyses of the expression of phospho‐mTOR(Ser2448) were processed on a tissue microarray containing samples from more than 900 patients. For statistical analysis, contingency table and chi‐squared test (likelihood) were used.ResultsWe observed at least weak phospho‐mTOR expression in 25.6–41.2% of all 4 histological adenoma and in 36.8–61.6% of all 11 histological carcinoma subtypes analyzed. No association was seen between phospho‐mTOR expression and tumor grade in mucoepidermoid carcinomas.ConclusionIn conjunction with literature data providing the evidence for a functional role of mTOR in salivary gland tumors, we conclude that treatment with mTOR‐antagonists might potentially also be efficient in wide variety of salivary gland carcinomas.
Use of the waist–height ratio to predict metabolic syndrome in obese children and adolescents
Authors: Nambiar Smita , Truby Helen , Davies Peter SW , Baxter Kimberley 
Published: March 2013

AimTo demonstrate that the waist–height ratio (WHtR) is a simple and effective screening tool that could be used to identify obese children with the metabolic syndrome.MethodsData from 109 obese boys and girls, aged 10.00–16.50 years, who were recruited as part of the Eat Smart study were analysed. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, blood lipids (total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), high‐ and low‐density lipoproteins), insulin, glucose, height, weight and waist circumference (WC) were collected. These measurements were used to calculateWHtR, body mass index (BMI), Z‐scores forBMI,WC, weight and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR). Correlations between anthropometric measures and blood pressure, lipids, insulin, glucose andHOMA‐IRwere assessed. Binary logistic regression was used to test which anthropometric measure was a significant predictor of the metabolic syndrome.ResultsAmong boys,WHtRwas negatively correlated with glucose (P< 0.05);WHtRandBMIZ‐score were positively correlated with insulin,HOMA‐IRandTG(P< 0.05) andWCZ‐score was significantly correlated with age. Among girls,WHtR,BMIZ‐score andWCZ‐score were positively correlated with insulin andHOMA‐IRand negatively correlated with high‐density lipoprotein–cholesterol (P< 0.05), whereasBMIZ‐score was significantly correlated withSBPandDBPZ‐scores. Twenty per cent of subjects were classified as having the metabolic syndrome, withWHtR,BMIZ‐score andHOMA‐IRbeing significant predictors.ConclusionTheWHtRis a significant predictor of the metabolic syndrome in obese youth. TheWHtRis the simplest index to calculate and interpret, making it an ideal non‐invasive screening tool to use in clinical practice.
Nurses' knowledge and skills in providing mental health care to people living with HIV/AIDS in Malawi
Authors: CHORWE‐SUNGANI G. 
Published: March 2013

Accessible summary
Nurses provide most of health care in Malawi and they receive mental health lecturers in their initial training.
Many nurses lack adequate knowledge and skills to deal with mental health problems of people living with HIV/AIDS.
Training in mental health promotes confidence and commitment in nurses to deal with mental health problems in general setting.
AbstractNurses are the majority of health‐care professionals who frequently come in contact with people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). However, most health workers such as nurses lack competence and confidence in dealing with the mental health problems (MHPs) of their clients in Malawi. The study aimed at exploring nurses' levels of knowledge and skills in providing mental health care to PLWHA. The study used a descriptive quantitative survey design. Ethical approval and permission were granted by relevant authorities to conduct the study. A convenient sample of 109 nurses was used. They gave written consent and completed self‐administered questionnaires. Descriptive statistics namely: means, frequencies and percentages were used to analyse data. The findings suggest that nurses who care for PLWHA lack knowledge and skills to deal with MHPs of these people. Many participants (53.2%, n = 58) lacked knowledge and skills to care for PLWHA who have MHPs. Nurses are potentially essential human resource for dealing with MHPs of PLWHA in Malawi. Unfortunately, some nurses lack the necessary knowledge and skills to deal with MHPs. Nurses must be equipped with adequate knowledge and skills so that they are able to deal with MHPs of PLWHA.
Health Literacy and Urbanicity Among Cancer Patients
Authors: Halverson Julie , Martinez‐Donate Ana , Trentham‐Dietz Amy , Walsh Matthew C. , Strickland Jeanne Schaaf , Palta Mari , Smith Paul D. , Cleary James 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPurposeLow health literacy is associated with inadequate health care utilization and poor health outcomes, particularly among elderly persons. There is a dearth of research exploring the relationship between health literacy and place of residence (urbanicity). This study examined the association between urbanicity and health literacy, as well as factors related to low health literacy, among cancer patients.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted with a population‐based sample of 1,841 cancer patients in Wisconsin. Data on sociodemographics, urbanicity, clinical characteristics, insurance status, and health literacy were obtained from the state's cancer registry and participants’ answers to a mailed questionnaire. Partially and fully adjusted multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to examine: (1) the association between urbanicity and health literacy and (2) the role of socioeconomic status as a possible mediator of this relationship.FindingsRural cancer patients had a 33% (95% CI: 1.06‐1.67) higher odds of having lower levels of health literacy than their counterparts in more urban areas of Wisconsin. The association between urbanicity and health literacy attenuated after controlling for socioeconomic status.ConclusionsLevel of urbanicity was significantly related to health literacy. Socioeconomic status fully mediated the relationship between urbanicity and health literacy. These results call for policies and interventions to assess and address health literacy barriers among cancer patients in rural areas.