bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacologic evaluation of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate after intravenous and oral administration to healthy dogs
Authors: Chan Christina M. , Langlois Daniel K. , Buchweitz John P. , Lehner Andreas F. , Olivier N. Bari , Herdt Thomas H. , Bailie Marc B. , Schall William D. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate pharmacokinetics of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (TTM) after IV and oral administration to dogs and effects of TTM administration on trace mineral concentrations.
ANIMALS 8 adult Beagles and Beagle crossbreds (4 sexually intact males and 4 sexually intact females).
PROCEDURES Dogs received TTM (1 mg/kg) IV and orally in a randomized crossover study. Serum molybdenum and copper concentrations were measured via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in samples obtained 0 to 72 hours after administration. Pharmacokinetics was determined via noncompartmental analysis.
RESULTS For IV administration, mean ± SD terminal elimination rate constant, maximum concentration, area under the curve, and half-life were 0.03 ± 0.01 hours−1, 4.9 ± 0.6 μg/mL, 30.7 ± 5.4 μg/mL•h, and 27.7 ± 6.8 hours, respectively. For oral administration, mean ± SD terminal elimination rate constant, time to maximum concentration, maximum concentration, area under the curve, and half-life were 0.03 ± 0.01 hours−1, 3.0 ± 3.5 hours, 0.2 ± 0.4 μg/mL, 6.5 ± 8.0 μg/mL•h, and 26.8 ± 8.0 hours, respectively. Oral bioavailability was 21 ± 22%. Serum copper concentrations increased significantly after IV and oral administration. Emesis occurred after IV (2 dogs) and oral administration (3 dogs).
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Pharmacokinetics for TTM after a single IV and oral administration was determined for clinically normal dogs. Absorption of TTM after oral administration was variable. Increased serum copper concentrations suggested that TTM mobilized tissue copper. Further studies will be needed to evaluate the potential therapeutic use of TTM in copper-associated chronic hepatitis of dogs.
Posaconazole pharmacokinetics after administration of an intravenous solution, oral suspension, and delayed-release tablet to dogs
Authors: Kendall Jennifer , Papich Mark G. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine pharmacokinetics of posaconazole in dogs given an IV solution, oral suspension, and delayed-release tablet.
ANIMALS 6 healthy dogs.
PROCEDURES Posaconazole was administered IV (3 mg/kg) and as an oral suspension (6 mg/kg) to dogs in a randomized crossover study. Blood samples were collected before (time 0) and for 48 hours after each dose. In an additional experiment, 5 of the dogs received posaconazole delayed-release tablets (mean dose, 6.9 mg/kg); blood samples were collected for 96 hours. Plasma concentrations were analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography.
RESULTS IV solution terminal half-life (t1/2) was 29 hours (coefficient of variation [CV], 23%). Clearance and volume of distribution were 78 mL/h/kg (CV, 59%) and 3.3 L/kg (CV, 38%), respectively. Oral suspension t1/2 was 24 hours (CV, 42%). Maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of 0.42 μg/mL (CV, 56%) was obtained at 7.7 hours (CV, 92%). Mean bioavailability was 26% (range, 7.8% to 160%). Delayed-release tablet t1/2 was 42 hours (CV, 25%), with a Cmax of 1.8 μg/mL (CV, 44%) at 9.5 hours (CV, 85%). Mean bioavailability of tablets was 159% (range, 85% to 500%). Bioavailability of delayed-release tablets was 497% (range, 140% to 1,800%) relative to that of the oral suspension.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Absorption of posaconazole oral suspension in dogs was variable. Absorption of the delayed-release tablets was greater than absorption of the oral suspension, with a longer t1/2 that may favor its clinical use in dogs. Administration of delayed-release tablets at a dosage of 5 mg/kg every other day can be considered for future studies.
Review of regulatory requirements relevant to calibration of monitoring instruments in research reactors
Authors: Gomaa H. , Khedr A. , El-Din Talha K. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The objective of this work is to demonstrate the regulatory requirements pertaining to calibration of monitoring instruments in research reactors. The regulatory statements concerning this subject in IAEA safety standards and the implementation of such regulations in twelve countries with different levels of nuclear programs are surveyed: Australia, Bulgaria, Canada, Egypt, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Slovenia, South Korea, Spain, United Kingdom of England and United States of America. In addition, the requirements of ISO/IEC17025 and NUPIC (Nuclear Utilities Procurement Issues Committee) are compared. Seven technical and administrate aspects are suggested as the comparison criteria and the explicit expression of the statements, the level of document (i. e.: act, requirement or guide) are the considered resources. The main differences and similarities between the different approaches are identified in order to provide an input for future development of the national regulations.
Evaluation of gross radioactivity in foodstuffs
Authors: Zorer Ö. S. , Öter Ç. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The paper presents the results of radiological investigations of food products sampled in the summer and fall of 2011 and 2012 in different parts of Van, Turkey. Gross radioactivity measurements in food products were evaluated. Food items were divided into eight groups: (1) water, (2) fish, (3) cheese products, (4) fruits, (5) vegetables, (6) herbs, (7) walnut and (8) rock salt. The levels of the gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity in all food samples varied widely ranging from 0.070 to 10.885 Bq/g and from 0.132 to 48.285 Bq/g on dry mass basis, respectively. In one sample, gross alpha and gross beta activity concentrations were found to be relatively high according to the other samples and in all samples, the gross alpha radioactivity was measured lower than the gross beta radioactivity. The gross α and gross β activities were measured by using α/β counter of the multi-detector low background system (PIC MPC-9604).
Evaluation of A-dependence of cross-sections for light charged particle production in proton induced reactions at intermediate energies
Authors: Konobeyev A. Yu. , Fischer U. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Proton-, deuteron-, triton-, 3He, and α-particle production cross-sections were evaluated for proton induced reactions for 278 stable target nuclei with an atomic number from 3 to 83 for a number of incident proton energies from 62 to 1200 MeV using available experimental data and results of model calculations. Data obtained can be used for the evaluation of gas production cross-sections and gas production rates in reactions induced by intermediate energy protons. An example of the use of the data is given for 9Be(p,x) reactions.
Awake craniotomy to maximize glioma resection: methods and technical nuances over a 27-year period
Authors: Hervey-Jumper Shawn L. , Li Jing , Lau Darryl , Molinaro Annette M. , Perry David W. , Meng Lingzhong , Berger Mitchel S. 
Published: April 2015

OBJECT
Awake craniotomy is currently a useful surgical approach to help identify and preserve functional areas during cortical and subcortical tumor resections. Methodologies have evolved over time to maximize patient safety and minimize morbidity using this technique. The goal of this study is to analyze a single surgeon's experience and the evolving methodology of awake language and sensorimotor mapping for glioma surgery.

METHODS
The authors retrospectively studied patients undergoing awake brain tumor surgery between 1986 and 2014. Operations for the initial 248 patients (1986–1997) were completed at the University of Washington, and the subsequent surgeries in 611 patients (1997–2014) were completed at the University of California, San Francisco. Perioperative risk factors and complications were assessed using the latter 611 cases.

RESULTS
The median patient age was 42 years (range 13–84 years). Sixty percent of patients had Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) scores of 90–100, and 40% had KPS scores less than 80. Fifty-five percent of patients underwent surgery for high-grade gliomas, 42% for low-grade gliomas, 1% for metastatic lesions, and 2% for other lesions (cortical dysplasia, encephalitis, necrosis, abscess, and hemangioma). The majority of patients were in American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Class 1 or 2 (mild systemic disease); however, patients with severe systemic disease were not excluded from awake brain tumor surgery and represented 15% of study participants. Laryngeal mask airway was used in 8 patients (1%) and was most commonly used for large vascular tumors with more than 2 cm of mass effect. The most common sedation regimen was propofol plus remifentanil (54%); however, 42% of patients required an adjustment to the initial sedation regimen before skin incision due to patient intolerance. Mannitol was used in 54% of cases. Twelve percent of patients were active smokers at the time of surgery, which did not impact completion of the intraoperative mapping procedure. Stimulation-induced seizures occurred in 3% of patients and were rapidly terminated with ice-cold Ringer's solution. Preoperative seizure history and tumor location were associated with an increased incidence of stimulation-induced seizures. Mapping was aborted in 3 cases (0.5%) due to intraoperative seizures (2 cases) and patient emotional intolerance (1 case). The overall perioperative complication rate was 10%.

CONCLUSIONS
Based on the current best practice described here and developed from multiple regimens used over a 27-year period, it is concluded that awake brain tumor surgery can be safely performed with extremely low complication and failure rates regardless of ASA classification; body mass index; smoking status; psychiatric or emotional history; seizure frequency and duration; and tumor site, size, and pathology.
A comparison of head dynamic response and brain tissue stress and strain using accident reconstructions for concussion, concussion with persistent postconcussive symptoms, and subdural hematoma
Authors: Oeur R. Anna , Karton Clara , Post Andrew , Rousseau Philippe , Hoshizaki T. Blaine , Marshall Shawn , Brien Susan E. , Smith Aynsley , Cusimano Michael D. , Gilchrist Michael D. 
Published: April 2015

OBJECT
Concussions typically resolve within several days, but in a few cases the symptoms last for a month or longer and are termed persistent postconcussive symptoms (PPCS). These persisting symptoms may also be associated with more serious brain trauma similar to subdural hematoma (SDH). The objective of this study was to investigate the head dynamic and brain tissue responses of injury reconstructions resulting in concussion, PPCS, and SDH.

METHODS
Reconstruction cases were obtained from sports medicine clinics and hospitals. All subjects received a direct blow to the head resulting in symptoms. Those symptoms that resolved in 9 days or fewer were defined as concussions (n = 3). Those with symptoms lasting longer than 18 months were defined as PPCS (n = 3), and 3 patients presented with SDHs (n = 3). A Hybrid III headform was used in reconstruction to obtain linear and rotational accelerations of the head. These dynamic response data were then input into the University College Dublin Brain Trauma Model to calculate maximum principal strain and von Mises stress. A Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Tukey post hoc tests were used to compare head dynamic and brain tissue responses between injury groups. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

RESULTS
A significant difference was identified for peak resultant linear and rotational acceleration between injury groups. Post hoc analyses revealed the SDH group had higher linear and rotational acceleration responses (316 g and 23,181 rad/sec2, respectively) than the concussion group (149 g and 8111 rad/sec2, respectively; p < 0.05). No significant differences were found between groups for either brain tissue measures of maximum principal strain or von Mises stress.

CONCLUSIONS
The reconstruction of accidents resulting in a concussion with transient symptoms (low severity) and SDHs revealed a positive relationship between an increase in head dynamic response and the risk for more serious brain injury. This type of relationship was not found for brain tissue stress and strain results derived by finite element analysis. Future research should be undertaken using a larger sample size to confirm these initial findings. Understanding the relationship between the head dynamic and brain tissue response and the nature of the injury provides important information for developing strategies for injury prevention.
Repeat resective surgery in complex pediatric refractory epilepsy: lessons learned
Authors: Bower Regina S. , Wirrell Elaine C. , Eckel Laurence J. , Wong-Kisiel Lily C. , Nickels Katherine C. , Wetjen Nicholas M. 
Published: April 2015

OBJECT
Resection can sometimes offer the best chance of meaningful seizure reduction in children with medically intractable epilepsy. However, when surgery fails to achieve the desired outcome, reoperation may be an option. The authors sought to investigate outcomes following resective reoperation in pediatric patients with refractory epilepsy, excluding tumoral epilepsies. Differences in preoperative workup between surgeries are analyzed to identify factors influencing outcomes and complications in this complex group.

METHODS
Medical records were reviewed for all pediatric patients undergoing a repeat resective surgery for refractory epilepsy at the authors' institution between 2005 and 2012. Tumor and vascular etiologies were excluded. Preoperative evaluation and outcomes were analyzed for each surgery and compared.

RESULTS
Ten patients met all inclusion criteria. The median age at seizure onset was 4.5 months. Preoperative MRI revealed no lesion in 30%. Nonspecific gliosis and cortical dysplasia were the most common pathologies. The majority of preoperative workups included MRI, video-electroencephalography (EEG), and SISCOM. Intracranial EEG was performed for 60% for the first presurgical evaluation and 70% for the second evaluation. The goal of surgery was palliative in 4 patients with widespread cortical dysplasia. The final Engel outcome was Class I in 50%. The rate of favorable outcome (Engel Class I–II) was 70%. The complication rate for the initial surgery was 10%. However, the rate increased to 50% with the second surgery, and 3 of these 5 complications were pseudomeningoceles requiring shunt placement (2 of the 3 patients underwent hemispherotomy).

CONCLUSIONS
Resective reoperation for pediatric refractory epilepsy has a high rate of favorable outcome and should be considered in appropriate candidates, even as a palliative measure. Intracranial EEG monitoring should be considered on initial workup in cases where the results of imaging or EEG studies are ambiguous or conflicting. Epilepsy secondary to cortical dysplasia, especially if the dysplasia is not seen clearly on MRI, can be difficult to cure surgically. Therefore, in these cases, as large a resection as can be safely accomplished should be done, particularly when the goal is palliative. The rate of complications, particularly pseudomeningocele ultimately requiring shunt placement, is much higher following reoperation, and patients should be counseled accordingly.
Exploring the Long Shadow of IT Innovation Adoption Decisions on IT Value
Authors: Rahrovani Yasser , Addas Shamel , Pinsonneault Alain 
Published: April 2015

UN nombre de recherches considérables a déjà été mené en vue de comprendre la valeur des innovations des technologies d’information (TI). Toutefois, la majorité de la recherche existante a étudié cette valeur surtout au stade ex post, indépendamment des conditions ex ante qui facilitent l’adoption de telles innovations. Cet article suggère que les conditions et décisions d’adoption passées laissent une emprunte durable sur la présente évaluation de valeur. Nous développons un modèle conceptuel reliant la valeur des innovations des TI aux motivations à l’origine de l’adoption. La thèse principale suggère que les conditions initiales existantes au stade de l’adoption d’une innovation des TI (ex ante) permettent de comprendre l’accent qui doit être mis sur les différents aspects de la valeur réalisée (ex post). Plus précisément, nous développons une typologie de quatre types de motivation d’adoption qui résultent de la combinaison de deux paramètres d’incertitude dans l’environnement. Ensuite, nous développons des propositions reliant chaque type d’adoption aux différents éléments de valeur des innovations des TI. Cet article permet d’étendre l’état de la recherche sur la valeur des TI (« IT value ») en fournissant une explication de la valeur des innovations TI qui s’aligne sur les motivations premières de l’adoption. De plus, il offre une façon de rassembler deux courants de recherche qui jusqu’ici ont été traités séparément : celui de l’adoption des TI, d’une part, et celui de la valeur des TI, d’autre part.
Impacto de Una Política Pública En La Disminución de Las Lesiones Y La Mortalidad Por Accidentes de Tráfico Atribuibles Al Alcohol
Authors: Rubiano Andres M , Erazo Maria C , Vargas Marly Y 
Published: April 2015

RESUMEN

Introducción
El trauma es considerado un problema de salud pública. Es una de las patologías que generan mayor discapacidad y mortalidad a nivel de Latinoamérica. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los ingresos de pacientes politraumatizados en un hospital universitario de Colombia antes y después de la implementación de una política pública que aumentó la vigilancia y las penalidades asociadas a conducir en estado de embriaguez.

Materiales y métodos
Se construyó una base de datos de pacientes politraumatizados que ingresaron entre junio de 2013 y abril de 2014, con antecedentes de ingesta de alcohol. Se determinó el resultado de acuerdo al tiempo de ingreso con respecto a la implementación de la política pública y se realizó un análisis univariado. Se calcularon medidas de tendencia central y dispersión para las variables continuas.

Resultados
En total se analizaron 1295 pacientes, 760 antes y 535 después de la implementación de la política. La mediana de la edad fue de 34,6 vs 34,4 p: 0,793. La mediana del ISS para los grupos fue de 25 vs 24.8 p: 0,976. Con la implementación de la política pública, los ingresos hospitalarios disminuyeron de un 58,7% vs 41,3% p: 0,001 y la mortalidad en el servicio de urgencias disminuyó de 5,13% a 2,42% p: 0,003.

Conclusión
La adopción de una política pública que aumentó la vigilancia y las penalidades por conducir en estado de embriaguez, está asociada a la disminución de los ingresos hospitalarios y de la mortalidad en el servicio de urgencias en un hospital universitario de Colombia.

How to cite this article
Charry JD, Erazo MC, Vargas MY, Puyana JC, Rubiano AM. Impacto de Una Política Pública En La Disminución de Las Lesiones Y La Mortalidad Por Accidentes de Tráfico Atribuibles Al Alcohol. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2014;3(3):101-104.
Trauma y Emergencias En El Sur Del Ecuador; Historia, Realidad y Perspectivas
Authors: Aboutanos Michel B 
Published: April 2015

How to cite this article
Michel B Aboutanos. Trauma y Emergencias En El Sur Del Ecuador; Historia, Realidad y Perspectivas. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2014; 3(3):141-142.
Anterior Segment Morphologic Changes Related to α-1 Adrenergic Receptor Antagonists Use
Authors: Yuksel Nilay , Ozer Mediha Dilek , Takmaz Tamer , Ozen Umut , Metin Mustafa , Akcay Emine 
Published: April 2015

Purpose To investigate possible changes in anterior segment parameters with the Pentacam in patients taking tamsulosin or doxazosin for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Methods This prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted at Necip Fazil City Hospital, Kahramanmaras, Turkey. Patients included in the study were grouped as follows: 29 patients treated with tamsulosin (group 1), 27 patients treated with doxazosin (group 2), and 40 untreated controls (group 3). Right eyes of each patient were included in the study. All patients underwent examination with the Pentacam under standard dim light conditions and with undilated pupils. Anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), anterior chamber angle (ACA) width, central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal volume (CV), and pupil diameter (PD) were recorded. Results Mean duration of treatments was 2.7 ± 1.2 (1–5) and 2.4 ± 0.9 (1–5) years in groups 1 and 2 (p = 0.276). The ACD, ACV, ACA width, and PD were statistically significantly decreased in groups 1 and 2 when compared to group 3 (p<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences among the groups in mean values of CCT and CV. Conclusions In this study, decreased ACD, ACV, ACA width, and PD values were detected in tamsulosin and doxazosin groups when compared to controls. These findings should be considered during anterior segment examinations and surgeries.
Epiretinal Membrane and Cystoid Macular Edema after Retinal Detachment Repair with Small-Gauge Pars Plana Vitrectomy
Authors: Banker Tanuj P. , Reilly Gayatri S. , Jalaj Sanjai , Weichel Eric D. 
Published: April 2015

Purpose To evaluate the incidence rates of cystoid macular edema (CME) and epiretinal membrane (ERM) formation after uncomplicated primary 23-G and 25-G retinal detachment (RD) repair and to identify risk factors associated with postoperative CME and ERM formation. Methods This was a consecutive interventional case series of 587 eyes that underwent one RD repair with 23-G or 25-G pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with scleral buckling. Epiretinal membrane and CME were confirmed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fluorescein angiography (FA). Results A total of 587 eyes with a mean follow-up of 404 days had incidence rates of 35.1% for ERM and 15.2% for CME. The incidence of ERM after combined PPV and scleral buckling (48.4%) (n = 61) was greater (p<0.0001) compared to that after PPV alone (31.2%) (n = 144). Conclusions Epiretinal membrane and CME develop frequently after small-gauge RD repair. Pars plana vitrectomy combined with scleral buckling is associated with a higher incidence of ERM. Patients might benefit from increased use of OCT and FA to help rule out CME/ERM.
Effect of Intravitreal Bevacizumab on Retrobulbar Blood Flow of Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Örnek Nurgül , Inal Mikail , Erbahceci Inci Elif , Oğurel Tevfik , Örnek Kemal 
Published: April 2015

Purpose To determine the effect of intravitreal bevacizumab on retrobulbar blood flow of patients with diabetic macular edema. Methods Peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity, resistance, and pulsatility indices of central retinal artery (CRA), nasal posterior ciliary artery (NPCA), temporal posterior ciliary artery (TPCA), and ophthalmic artery (OA) were assessed by color Doppler ultrasonography in injected and uninjected eyes of 37 patients at baseline and at day 1 and day 7 after the injection. Results At day 1 after the injection, peak systolic and end diastolic velocities of the CRA and NPCA in the injected eyes and peak systolic velocity of NPCA in the uninjected eyes decreased significantly (p<0.05, p = 0.025, respectively). Peak systolic and end diastolic velocities were not significantly different in the injected and uninjected eyes at day 7 after the injection (p>0.05). In the injected eyes, there was no significant change in resistance and pulsatility indices (p>0.05), but a decrease in resistance index of NPCA and resistance and pulsatility indices of TPCA occurred in uninjected eyes at day 7 after the injection (p = 0.016, p = 0.023, and p = 0.025, respectively). Conclusions Intravitreal bevacizumab affects retrobulbar blood flow in injected and uninjected eyes of patients with diabetic macular edema.