bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of HIV/AIDS transmission and prevention among barbing and beauty salon operators in Somalia, 2024
Authors: Hussein Saadaq Adan , Osman Marian Muse , Abdulle Yahye Sheikh , Hussein Abdirahman Aden , Tahlil Abdullahi Ahmed , Nur Ahmed Mohamed , Fuje Mohamed M. , Yusuf Mohamed Farah , Adem Rage , Osman Abdirahman Abdikadir , Hashi Mohamed Abdurahman , Ali Ayan Nor , Hayle Abdullahi Ali , Mohamed Mohamed Adan , Mohamud Omar Mohamed , Farah AbdulJalil Abdullahi , Umeokonkwo Chukwuma David 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction: HIV/AIDS is a global public health issue affecting 40.4 million lives. Barbershops and beauty salons pose health risks due to the use of sharp tools, which can transmit blood-borne diseases like HIV. Training and capacity building can enhance service quality and prevent disease transmission. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and prevention practices of HIV/AIDS transmission and prevention among barbing and beauty salon operators in Somalia.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 barbers and beauty salon operators in Districts Mogadishu selected using multistage sampling techniques from September 2023 to June 2024. A structured questionnaire was used to assess their knowledge, attitude and practice about HIV/AIDs transmission and prevention. The factors associated with the knowledge, attitude and practice of the barbers and beauty salon operators about HIV/AIDs were explored using multiple logistic regression. Data was analyzed using Stata Version 15.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 27±6.6 years. A majority 65.3% (261/400) were males, 52.8% (211/400) were single, and 77.0% (308/400) had no formal education. Only 23.0% (92/400) had good knowledge, 19.0% (76/400) had a good attitude, and 6.5% (26/400) had good practice towards HIV transmission and prevention. Participants with secondary education have a higher odds of having a good attitude than those with primary and non-formal education though the difference was not significant (AOR = 1.0 (95% CI: 0.37–3.93, p = 0.941).
Conclusion: Barbers' awareness and education about HIV/AIDS and age-related factors contributing to infection spread are poor, and local health authorities could significantly reduce the spread of these pathogens through occupational hazards training.
Predicting Learning Achievement Using Ensemble Learning with Result Explanation
Authors: Tong Tingting , Li Zhen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Predicting learning achievement is a crucial strategy to address high dropout rates. However, existing prediction models often exhibit biases, limiting their accuracy. Moreover, the lack of interpretability in current machine learning methods restricts their practical application in education. To overcome these challenges, this research combines the strengths of various machine learning algorithms to design a robust model that performs well across multiple metrics, and uses interpretability analysis to elucidate the prediction results. This study introduces a predictive framework for learning achievement based on ensemble learning techniques. Specifically, six distinct machine learning models are utilized to establish a base learner, with logistic regression serving as the meta-learner to construct an ensemble model for predicting academic performance. The SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) model is then employed to explain the prediction results. The model’s accuracy was validated on classification tasks. The results demonstrate that the ensemble learning-based predictive framework significantly outperforms conventional machine learning methods. Through feature importance analysis, the SHAP method enhances model interpretability and improves the reliability of the prediction results, enabling more personalized interventions to support students.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Three Different Skin Substitutes for the Treatment of Pediatric Burns
Authors: Delgado-Miguel Carlos , Morán Ada García , Gómez Lara Fuentes , Díaz Mercedes , Miguel-Ferrero Miriam , López-Gutiérrez Juan Carlos 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Early debridement of partial-thickness burns and coverage with skin substitutes is currently the standard of care in children, although there is currently no “gold standard” skin substitute Our aim is to compare the effectiveness of three different skin substitutes, analyzing the medium and long-term outcomes.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on burn patients under 18-years admitted to our Burn Unit between 2015-2021, who were divided into 3 groups according to the type of skin substitute used (EZ-derm®, Biobrane® and Suprathel®). Demographic, clinical data and short- and long-term outcomes were analyzed. Effectiveness was analyzed by escharectomy and grafting rate during acute management and long-term follow-up reintervention rate.
Results: A total of 378 patients were included (179 Ez-derm®group, 107 Biobrane® group and 92 Suprathel® group). No differences in demographics or burn characteristics were observed between them. Patients treated with Suprathel®had a significantly shorter hospital stay [median 4 days (IQR 2-9)], a lower rate of escharectomy and grafting during acute management (21.1%), and a lower long-term follow-up reintervention rate (18.5%) when compared to the Ez-derm® group [median stay 9 days (IQR 6-13); escharectomy and graft 24.6% and reintervention 26.8%] and to the Biobrane® group [median stay 9 days (IQR 7-14); escharectomy and graft 32.1% and reintervention 26.2%].
Conclusion: Treatment of partial-thickness burns with Suprathel® is associated with a shorter hospital stay, lower need for escharectomy and grafting, and lower need for long-term reintervention. Therefore, it should be considered the treatment of choice for pediatric partial-thickness burns.
Impact of single-use gloves on the five indications for hand hygiene
Authors: Mattner Clara J. , Neuwirth Meike , Otchwemah Robin , Senges Christoph , Mattner Frauke 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Hand disinfection at the correct indications is generally considered to be one of the most important measures in the prevention of nosocomial infections. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to changes in the hygiene behaviour of healthcare workers, including an increased desire for self-protection, which is likely to have led to increased and inappropriate use of gloves as a substitute for hand disinfection.
Aim
To investigate the effect of glove use on hand hygiene compliance using the WHO Five Moments model.
Methods
Direct observations were made in one ICU, one IMC and one normal ward in a university hospital over a period of six months. For documentation, the WHO five moments model was extended to include glove use and contamination, and a measure of uncertainty to assess which moments could not be fully observed.
Findings
A total of 852 hand disinfection indications were observed. Overall compliance for all indications was 63% when uncertain or incomplete observations were included and 68% when only complete observations were considered. Gloves were worn in 32% of cases. The lowest compliance (40%) was observed before aseptic procedures, where gloves were frequently worn (77%) and frequently contaminated (24%). Glove use increased the risk to not perform a hand disinfection before an aseptic procedure (OR 4.97, CI95% 2.24; 12.48).
Conclusion
As both, indicated and non-indicated glove use influence hand hygiene compliance, observations of hand hygiene compliance should be extended to include observations of glove use. As glove use is frequent and often non-compliant before aseptic procedures, the most important indication for infection prevention, this phenomenon requires immediate attention from researchers and educators. When including incompletely observable hand hygiene moments hand disinfection compliance (HDC) was 5% points lower than HDC obtained by the classical WHO observation model.
Evaluation of Hemoglobin and Serum Erythropoietin Levels in Patients with Polycythemia Vera and Secondary polycythemia
Authors: Khorshid Alireza , González Daniel , Zhang Jian-Zhi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective: This study compares and evaluates hemoglobin and erythropoietin levels in patients with polycythemia vera and secondary polycythemia.
Design: This was aretrospective cross-sectional study evaluating the serum erythropoietin and Hb levels in patients with polycythemia vera and secondary polycythemia.
Setting: This study was performed simultaneously in Texas state of the U.S. and Fars Province in Iran.
Participants: Hemoglobin, hematocrit and erythropoietin test results were collected from patients aged 19 to 75 years who were diagnosed with polycythemia vera and secondary polycythemia.
Intervention: To evaluate the effect of a JAK2 mutation on erythropoietin (EPO) and hemoglobin levels in polycythemia patients in Texas, the U.S., and Fars Province, Iran.
Main Outcome Measures: Patients with polycythemia vera had decreased erythropoietin and increased hemoglobin levels compared with patients with secondary polycythemia.
Results: The present study showed (P=0.5) that, compared with those in patients with secondary polycythemia, the serum hemoglobin and erythropoietin levels in patients with polycythemia vera were not significantly different.
Conclusion: Low erythropoietin levels may not be helpful in differentiating polycythemia vera from secondary polycythemia. According to WHO diagnostic guidelines, the best test for the diagnosis of polycythemia vera is the JAK molecular genetic test.
Enhancement of CRISPR-Cas12a System through Universal Circular RNA Design
Authors: Liu Chaoxing , Wang Jiaqi , Zhang Wei , Li Wentao , Xie Qinyuan , Zang Ziyu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The combination of isothermal amplification and CRISPR-Cas12a system is a valuable tool for detecting nucleic acids, especially in emergency situations or disease outbreaks. However, achieving compatibility between these technologies has been a challenge because the CRISPR reaction eagerly cleaves nucleic acid amplification template before isothermal amplification is complete. This study presents a method called CIRCLE, which effectively addresses the compatibility issue by dividing crRNA into a universal circular DR region with a PC linker and a replaceable spacer region. Different targets could be detected in a single separate way by changing the spacer region. Furthermore, DNA modifications were firstly introduced into circular crRNA to regulate CRISPR-Cas12a system using base excision repair (BER) enzymes. The programmable strategy showed potential to detect different BER enzymes and regulate Cas12a gene-editing activity by adjusting BER enzyme levels. In the future, it holds promise for selectively editing genes in cells that express high levels of specific BER enzymes, such as UDG, in colon cancer cells. The findings of this study contribute to advancing the field of nucleic acid detection and gene editing. The CIRCLE method is a programmable and resource efficient approach for medical diagnostic applications, making it particularly valuable in future clinical settings.
Assessing the Impact of Price-Matching Guarantees and Price Fluctuations on Consumer Feedback: Insights from the Online Consumer Electronics Market
Authors: Robbiano Simone , Cerruti Gianluca 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Our study investigates the impact of price matching guarantees (PMGs) on consumer behavior in online retail markets. Leveraging a Difference-in-Differences (DiD) approach, we analyze product ratings in response to price changes during PMG policy periods. Results show that PMGs alone have no significant effect on ratings, but price increases during PMG periods lead to lower ratings. Furthermore, the effect strengthens over time, particularly for cheaper and less visible products. These findings suggest that PMGs may serve as effective market signals of pricing strategy, especially for items where price sensitivity is higher or visibility is lower. This underscores the importance of signaling mechanisms in influencing consumer perceptions and responses in online retail settings. From an antitrust perspective, our results highlight the potential for PMGs to influence competition dynamics and consumer welfare. Policymakers may need to consider regulations ensuring pricing transparency and consumer protection in online markets, balancing the benefits of market signaling with the risks of anti-competitive behavior and consumer harm. Overall, our study contributes to the understanding of pricing strategies and consumer behavior in digital markets, with implications for both industry practices and regulatory interventions.
JEL Codes: L11, L81
Impact of flexible vegetation on hydraulic characteristics in compound channels with converging floodplains
Authors: Awasthi Noopur , Kumar Munendra , Raj Ritu 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Floodplains in natural rivers are curved and narrow, rather than following a straight path and the presence of vegetation and varying depth of flow affects the flow parameters of the channels. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the convergence of the channel and relative depth of flow on the depth-averaged velocity (DAV) and boundary shear stress (BSS) of a converging compound channel. The effect of vegetation on DAV and BSS was also deliberated. To examine the effect of vegetation, synthetic grass 8 cm in height was used as a flexible vegetation to depict the natural conditions of the rivers. The DAV was calculated using an acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) and the measurement of BSS was done using the Preston tube technique. After analysing the data, it was revealed that as the convergence of floodplains increases, maximum DAV increases. The presence of vegetation reduces the velocity specifically at lower flow depths. BSS increases with the convergence as well as vegetation. This research provides valuable data and results which will be helpful in better flood management, river restoration, and designing effective hydraulic structures.
Efficacy of Save Medical Corporation (SMC)–01, a Smartphone App Designed to Support Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management Based on Established Guidelines: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Leung Nicholas , Waki Kayo , Nozoe Satoshi , Enomoto Shunpei , Saito Ryo , Hamagami Sakurako , Yamauchi Toshimasa , Nangaku Masaomi , Ohe Kazuhiko , Onishi Yukiko 
Published: July 2024

Background
Lifestyle modifications are a key part of type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment. Many patients find long-term self-management difficult, and mobile apps could be a solution. In 2010, in the United States, a mobile app was approved as an official medical device. Similar apps have entered the Japanese market but are yet to be classified as medical devices.

Objective
The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of Save Medical Corporation (SMC)–01, a mobile app for the support of lifestyle modifications among Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods
This was a 24-week multi-institutional, prospective randomized controlled trial. The intervention group received SMC-01, an app with functions allowing patients to record data and receive personalized feedback to encourage a healthier lifestyle. The control group used paper journals for diabetes self-management. The primary outcome was the between-group difference in change in hemoglobin A1c from baseline to week 12.

Results
The change in hemoglobin A1c from baseline to week 12 was –0.05% (95% CI –0.14% to 0.04%) in the intervention group and 0.06% (95% CI –0.04% to 0.15%) in the control group. The between-group difference in change was –0.11% (95% CI –0.24% to 0.03%; P=.11).

Conclusions
There was no statistically significant change in glycemic control. The lack of change could be due to SMC-01 insufficiently inducing behavior change, absence of screening for patients who have high intention to change their lifestyle, low effective usage of SMC-01 due to design issues, or problems with the SMC-01 intervention. Future efforts should focus on these issues in the early phase of developing interventions.

Trial Registration
Japan Registry of Clinical Trials jRCT2032200033; https://jrct.niph.go.jp/latest-detail/jRCT2032200033
Investigating Users’ Attitudes Toward Automated Smartwatch Cardiac Arrest Detection: Cross-Sectional Survey Study
Authors: van den Beuken Wisse M F , van Schuppen Hans , Demirtas Derya , van Halm Vokko P , van der Geest Patrick , Loer Stephan A , Schwarte Lothar A , Schober Patrick 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a leading cause of mortality in the developed world. Timely detection of cardiac arrest and prompt activation of emergency medical services (EMS) are essential, yet challenging. Automated cardiac arrest detection using sensor signals from smartwatches has the potential to shorten the interval between cardiac arrest and activation of EMS, thereby increasing the likelihood of survival.

Objective
This cross-sectional survey study aims to investigate users’ perspectives on aspects of continuous monitoring such as privacy and data protection, as well as other implications, and to collect insights into their attitudes toward the technology.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional web-based survey in the Netherlands among 2 groups of potential users of automated cardiac arrest technology: consumers who already own a smartwatch and patients at risk of cardiac arrest. Surveys primarily consisted of closed-ended questions with some additional open-ended questions to provide supplementary insight. The quantitative data were analyzed descriptively, and a content analysis of the open-ended questions was conducted.

Results
In the consumer group (n=1005), 90.2% (n=906; 95% CI 88.1%-91.9%) of participants expressed an interest in the technology, and 89% (n=1196; 95% CI 87.3%-90.7%) of the patient group (n=1344) showed interest. More than 75% (consumer group: n= 756; patient group: n=1004) of the participants in both groups indicated they were willing to use the technology. The main concerns raised by participants regarding the technology included privacy, data protection, reliability, and accessibility.

Conclusions
The vast majority of potential users expressed a strong interest in and positive attitude toward automated cardiac arrest detection using smartwatch technology. However, a number of concerns were identified, which should be addressed in the development and implementation process to optimize acceptance and effectiveness of the technology.
Konstruksi argumentasi putusan Pengadilan Negeri Gunung Sitoli No. 07/Pid.B/2013/PN-GS: Kajian linguistik forensik
Authors: Subuki Makyun , Nuryani  , Sholeha Monita , Hudaa Syihaabul , Hariyanto Bambang 
Published: July 2024

Indonesia menjadi salah satu negara yang masih memberlakukan pidana mati sebagai bentuk hukuman. Hal itu direalisasikan dalam banyak perkara pidana yang divonis dengan hukuman mati melalui putusan pengadilan. Sebagai sebuah teks, putusan pengadilan dengan vonis hukuman mati sejatinya adalah praktik penggunaan bahasa sebagaimana teks pada umumnya yang bersifat terbuka untuk dianalisis secara linguistik. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji konstruksi argumentasi putusan pengadilan terkait pidana mati sebagai sebuah teks argumentasi, dengan seluruh pertimbangan hukum menjadi dasar bagi diktum. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik dokumentasi dan menggunakan pendekatan linguistik forensik. Data yang dianalisis dalam tulisan ini adalah Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Gunung Sitoli No. 07/Pd.B/2013/PN-GS. Hasil penelitian ini meliputi beberapa hal. Pertama, majelis hakim menggunakan kesaksian dari KBP dan SBM yang memiliki tingkat keterlibatan (focalisation) dan tingkat pengetahuan (empathy) yang lebih rendah dari daripada kesaksian YT dan pengakuan RH. Kedua, majelis hakim mengabaikan kesaksian YT dan pengakuan RH mengenai kondisi sebelum dan saat pembunuhan terjadi yang menunjukkan suatu keadaan di mana YT dan RH tidak mengetahui rencana J, RH mendapat ancaman dari dan di bawah kendali J, dan RH melakukan pembunuhan tersebut di bawah ancaman J. Dengan demikain, dapat disimpulkan bahwa karena adanya kriteria “sah dan meyakinkan” dan “berencana dan bersama-sama” tidak dapat terpenuhi secara argumentatif, maka klaim patut dijatuhi pidana mati dapat dikatakan buruk dari sudut pandang teori argumentasi.
Estudio térmico de la función lagrimal en la superficie ocular humana utilizando termografía infrarroja
Authors: Llamosa Rincón Luis Enrique , Jaime Díaz Jeimy Melissa , Rodríguez Rengifo Mariney 
Published: July 2024

El ojo humano ha sido el centro de numerosos estudios a nivel termográfico, tiene poca irrigación sanguínea, lo que permite demostrar que el cambio de temperatura en la superficie ocular puede ser un importante indicador para el diagnóstico de diferentes patologías. En este estudio se diseñó e implemento una metodología por medio de la cual se analizó a nivel térmico la influencia de la función lagrimal humana sobre la superficie ocular (córnea), utilizando para ello la termografía infrarroja en una muestra de 40 personas sin patologías oculares (20 hombres – 20 mujeres entre 18 y 28 años de edad). Se demuestra que lafunción lagrimal tiene un efecto térmico que se puede describir por la tasa de disminución de la temperatura de la córnea en el ejercicio del parpadeo; se demuestra que este efecto térmico es similar para hombres y mujeres y que se puede convertir en una base de tipo cuantitativo para el estudio y diagnóstico depatologías oculares, como el síndrome del ojo seco (SOS) en el cual la función lagrimal está gravemente afectada.
Metodología de síntesis de autómatas para controlar sistemas de navegación autónoma terrestre
Authors: Martínez Valencia Jorge Luis , Holguín Londoño Mauricio , Holguín Londoño Germán Andrés 
Published: July 2024

En este trabajo se plantea una metodología para la síntesis de autómatas en aplicaciones de navegación autónoma terrestre con una tarea global. La metodología propuesta se basa en el diseño de autómatas por gramáticas regulares y permite generar una política de control para la conducción autónoma de un vehículo en un ambiente parcialmente controlado mientras se extrae información del entorno a través de sensores. Además, se plantean los inconvenientes que se presentan al tratar de abordar esta aplicación con enfoques tradicionales que implican la síntesis de autómatas finitos no deterministas. Por último, se presentan losautómatas obtenidos al validar la metodología propuesta a través de simulaciones utilizando el software MATLAB con el Toolbox integrado de realidad virtual (V-Realm Builder).
Exploring the application and value of martial arts in modern society by combining double difference models
Authors: Liu Minglong , Deng Haijuan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Properly acknowledging the application and value of modern Chinese wushu is essential for its ongoing survival and development and plays a pivotal role in shaping its future direction. This analysis delves into the application value of wushu within contemporary society, leveraging its unique characteristics and advantages. Specifically, the exploration is structured around four principal domains: competitive sport, tourism, technical labor, and martial arts training. These dimensions collectively underscore the multifaceted impact and significance of wushu in the modern era. Then, based on relevant theories, research hypotheses, and research variables are determined, a double difference model oriented to the socio-economic value of wushu is constructed, and the value of wushu is analyzed with the support of the model by combining relevant research data. The conclusion presents that the panel data of FDI, Service, and Urban are smooth at a 1% level, while the panel data of GDP and Events are smooth at a 5% level. The p-values of model (1) and model (2) are 0.206 and 0.388, respectively, which indicates that martial arts have a certain promotion effect on the development of the local economy.