bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Invited colloquium – on publishing in applied linguistics: A forum on innovation and challenges in a changing world, AAAL Conference 2014
Authors: Byrnes Heidi 
Published: July 2015

Presented at the American Association for Applied Linguistics (AAAL) Annual Conference, Portland, Oregon, USA, 23 March 2014.Under the leadership of then 1st vice president and program chair Aneta Pavlenko, Temple University, the 2014 AAAL conference had as one of its focal areas the changing scene of publishing in a digital and global age. Within an array of offerings addressing the theme, this three-hour invited colloquium, organized by Heidi Byrnes, Georgetown University, and Emily Farrell, of De Gruyter Mouton, explored trends and challenges especially pertinent to the work of applied linguists.
Indirect solution of optimal control problems with state variable inequality constraints: finite difference approximation
Authors: Nikoobin A. , Moradi M. 
Published: July 2015

SUMMARYIn this paper, a method for the indirect solution of the optimal control problem (OCP) in the presence of pure state variable inequality constraints (SVICs) and mixed state-control inequality constraints (SCIC), without a need for a close initial guess is presented. In the proposed method, using the finite difference approximation (FDA), the pure SVICs are converted to SCIC. Here, the distance of the constraint function to the feasibility bounds of the constraint is computed in every situation and the control signal is chosen appropriately to facilitate the constraint stays safe. In this method, prior knowledge of the numbers and sequences of activation times is not required. So, it can be simply implemented in continuous boundary value problem (BVP) solvers. The proposed method simply applies the SVICs and since the constraint is directly applied on the control signal, it improves the convergence. On the other hand, because of the convergence problem in the indirect solution of OCP, the simple homotopy continuation method (HCM) is used to overcome the initial guess problem by deploying a secondary OCP for which the initial guess can be zero. The proposed approach is applied on a few comprehensive problems in the presence of different constraints. Simulations are compared with the direct solution of the OCP to confirm the accuracy and with the penalty function method and the sequential constraint-free OCP to confirm the convergence. The results indicate that the FDA method for handling the constraints along with the HCM is easy to apply with acceptable accuracy and convergence, even for highly nonlinear problems in robotic systems such as the constrained time optimal control of a two-link manipulator (TLM) and a three-link common industrial robot.
Regrammation and paradigmatization: Diachronic analysis of a number of progressive periphrases in French
Authors: KRAGH KIRSTEN JEPPESEN , SCHØSLER LENE 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTIn the present article, our purpose is to characterize each of the periphrases expressing progressivityPierre est / va / s’en va / vient / s’en vient chantant, Pierre est à / après chanter, Pierre est en train de chanteras members of a progressive paradigm, and to provide arguments in favour of including the so-called deictic relative construction (Je vois) Pierre qui chantein this paradigm. Our arguments comprise diachronic, diastratic, Francophone, and Creole evidence. In Kragh and Schøsler (2014), we have examined in detail this construction, focusing on the grammaticalization process and, in particular, on the reanalysis and actualization process. We here propose an analysis of the deictic relative as yet another way of expressing progressivity. If our analysis is correct, the deictic relative should be considered as a member of the French tense, aspect, and mode (TAM) paradigm.
Which comes first in the double object construction?
Authors: YÁÑEZ-BOUZA NURIA , DENISON DAVID 
Published: July 2015

Competition between two methods of marking recipient/beneficiary and theme has figured in much recent research:(1)Jim gave the driver £5. (indirect object before direct object)(2)Jim gave £5 to the driver. (direct object before prepositional phrase)A reverse double object variant is often ignored or treated as a minor and highly restricted variant:(3)(a)?Jim gave £5 the driver. (direct object before indirect object)(b)Jim gave it him.However, pattern (3) was much more widespread even in late Modern English, while there is clear dialectal variation within present-day British English.In this article we investigate the pronominal pattern (3b), mainly in relation to pattern (1), tracking its progressive restriction in distribution. We mine three of the Penn parsed corpora for the general history in English of double object patterns with two pronoun objects. We then add a further nine dialect and/or historical English corpora selected for coverage and representativeness. A usage database of examples in these corpora allows more detailed description than has been possible hitherto. The analysis focuses on verb lemmas, objects and dialect variation and offers an important corrective to the bulk of research on the so-called Dative Alternation between patterns (1) and (2). We also examine works in the normative grammatical tradition, producing a precept database that reveals the changing status of variants as dialectal or preferred. In our conclusion we show the importance of prefabricated expressions (prefabs) in the later history of (3), sketching an analysis in Construction Grammar terms.
Existential contemporaneity. Or what we as archaeologists can learn from Archie Leach
Authors: Karlsson Håkan 
Published: July 2015

From my point of view, discussions of the content of the concept of time are always welcome in archaeology since the archaeological discourse on this topic has for many years been anchored in a quite simplified and axiomatic chronological approach. Discussions of other aspects of, and approaches towards, the concept of time have – with few exceptions – been neglected. It is therefore with pleasure that I have been presented with the opportunity to comment briefly on Gavin Lucas's article ‘Archaeology and contemporaneity’, which approaches the concept of contemporaneity in and of the archaeological record. I would like to start this comment in a rather unorthodox way with a brief quotation from the movie A Fish Called Wanda since I think this quotation encapsulates both my agreement with, and my critique of, the reasonings presented by Lucas:
Archie: Wanda, do you have any idea what it's like being English? Being so correct all the time, being so stifled by this dread of, of doing the wrong thing, of saying to someone, ‘Are you married?’ and hearing, ‘My wife left me this morning,’ or saying, uh, ‘Do you have children?’ and being told they all burned to death on Wednesday. You see, Wanda, we’re all terrified of embarrassment. That's why we’re so – dead. Most of my friends are dead, you know; we’ve these piles of corpses to dinner. But you’re alive, God bless you, and I want to be, I’m so fed up with all this (A Fish Called Wanda, 1988)
It may be concluded from the quotation above that the time horizons of past, present and future are interconnected and intertwined in Archie's and Wanda's contemporaneity. At least Archie is heavily influenced by the past and its traditions, and his contemporary situation is grounded in the past as well as in the future, when he is trying to break free and direct himself towards a new future. Thus Archie's fictional life is a blueprint of the conditions of our own existences where past, present and future are inseparable and interconnected in a manner where they cannot be divided into separate chronological time horizons. I will return to this observation and to Archie and Wanda further on, but I believe that Lucas agrees with my initial observation concerning the relationship between past, present and future as inseparable and blended entities – this, since his article approaches the concept of time and contemporaneity in and of the archaeological record in a thought-provoking and inspiring manner.
Semi-analytical study on the generic degeneracy for galaxy clustering measurements
Authors: Guarnizo Alejandro , Amendola Luca , Kunz Martin , Vollmer Adrian 
Published: July 2015

AbstractFrom the galaxy power spectrum in redshift space, we derive semi-analytical results on the generic degeneracy of galaxy clustering measurements. Defining the observables A = Gbσ8 and R = Gfσ8, (being G the growth function, b the bias, f the growth rate, and σ8 the amplitude of the power spectrum), we perform a Fisher matrix formalism to forecast the expected precision of these quantities for a Euclid-like survey. Among the results we found that galaxy surveys have generically a slightly negative correlation between A and R, and they can always measure R about 3.7 to 4.7 times better than A.
ANNz2 - Photometric redshift and probability density function estimation using machine-learning
Authors: Sadeh Iftach 
Published: July 2015

AbstractLarge photometric galaxy surveys allow the study of questions at the forefront of science, such as the nature of dark energy. The success of such surveys depends on the ability to measure the photometric redshifts of objects (photo-zs), based on limited spectral data. A new major version of the public photo-z estimation software, ANNz, is presented here. The new code incorporates several machine-learning methods, such as artificial neural networks and boosted decision/regression trees, which are all used in concert. The objective of the algorithm is to dynamically optimize the performance of the photo-z estimation, and to properly derive the associated uncertainties. In addition to single-value solutions, the new code also generates full probability density functions in two independent ways.
Quantifying correlations between galaxy emission lines and stellar continua using a PCA-based technique
Authors: Beck Róbert , Dobos László , Csabai István 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe analyse the correlations between continuum properties and emission line equivalent widths of star-forming and narrow-line active galaxies from SDSS. We show that emission line strengths can be predicted reasonably well from PCA coefficients of the stellar continuum using local multiple linear regression. Since upcoming sky surveys will make broadband observations only, theoretical modelling of spectra will be essential to estimate physical properties of galaxies. Combined with stellar population synthesis models, our technique will help generate more accurate model spectra and mock catalogues of galaxies to be used to fit data from new surveys. We also show that, by combining PCA coefficients from the pure continuum and the emission lines, a plausible distinction can be made between weak AGNs and quiescent star-forming galaxies. Our method uses a support vector machine, and allows a more refined separation of active and star-forming galaxies than the empirical curve of Kauffmann et al. (2003).
A Monte Carlo study of cosmological parameter estimators from galaxy cluster number counts
Authors: Penna-Lima Mariana , Makler Martín , Wuensche Carlos A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractModels for galaxy clusters abundance and their spatial distribution are sensitive to cosmological parameters. Present and future surveys will provide high-redshift sample of clusters, such as Dark Energy Survey (z ⩽ 1.3), making cluster number counts one of the most promising cosmological probes. In the literature, some cosmological analyses are carried out using small cluster catalogs (tens to hundreds), like in Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) surveys. However, it is not guaranteed that maximum likelihood estimators of cosmological parameters are unbiased in this scenario. In this work we study different estimators of the cold dark matter density parameter Ωc, σ8 and the dark energy equation of state parameter w0 obtained from cluster abundance. Using an unbinned likelihood for cluster number counts and the Monte Carlo approach, we determine the presence of bias and how it varies with the size of the sample. Our fiducial models are based on the South Pole Telescope (SPT). We show that the biases from SZ estimators do not go away with increasing sample sizes and they may become the dominant source of error for an all sky survey at the SPT sensitivity.
New Challenges in Cosmology Posed by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasar Data
Authors: Banerjee Adrija , Kumar Pal Arnab 
Published: July 2015

AbstractFor SDSS quasar data (2005) we have truncated data structure whereas for the survey of 2007 the data is no longer truncated. This calls for development or use of completely different statistical methodology to study the data for the evolution of the same objects like quasars. These different methodologies suggest different interpretation for a particular phenomenon in nature. This leads to the issue of validation of the data. More intriguing and challenging issue crops up as, given all of the data, what can be said about the laws of physics that have been operating over the universe? Over here we have used the concept of Neural Network to model the relationship between redshift and apparent magnitude.
Precision cosmology, Accuracy cosmology and Statistical cosmology
Authors: Verde Licia 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe avalanche of data over the past 10-20 years has propelled cosmology into the “precision era”. The next challenge cosmology has to meet is to enter the era of accuracy. Because of the intrinsic nature of studying the Cosmos and the sheer amount of data available now and coming soon, the only way to meet this challenge is by developing suitable and specific statistical techniques. The road from precision Cosmology to accurate Cosmology goes through statistical Cosmology. I will outline some open challenges and discuss some specific examples.
Cross-correlating spectroscopic and photometric galaxy surveys
Authors: Eriksen Martin B. , Gaztañaga Enrique 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDoes photometric and spectroscopic survey benefit from overlapping areas? The photometric survey measures 2D Weak Lensing (WL) information from galaxy shape distortions. On the other hand, the higher redshift precision of an spectroscopic survey allows measurements of redshift space distortions (RSD) and baryonic accustic oscillations (BAO) from 3D galaxy counts.The two surveys are combined using 2D-correlations, using sufficiently narrow bins to capture the radial information. This poster present effects of RSD and intrinsic correlations between narrow redshift bins. In understanding how the effects affects cosmological constrains, we first define two stage-IV and then present forecast for various configurations. When surveys overlap, they benefit from additional cross-correlations and sample variance cancellations from overlapping volumes. For a combined dark energy and growth history figure of merit, the result increase 50% for overlapping surveys, corresponding to 30% larger area.
Back to Normal! Gaussianizing posterior distributions for cosmological probes
Authors: Schuhmann Robert L. , Joachimi Benjamin , Peiris Hiranya V. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe present a method to map multivariate non-Gaussian posterior probability densities into Gaussian ones via nonlinear Box-Cox transformations, and generalizations thereof. This is analogous to the search for normal parameters in the CMB, but can in principle be applied to any probability density that is continuous and unimodal. The search for the optimally Gaussianizing transformation amongst the Box-Cox family is performed via a maximum likelihood formalism. We can judge the quality of the found transformationa posteriori: qualitatively via statistical tests of Gaussianity, and more illustratively by how well it reproduces the credible regions. The method permits an analytical reconstruction of the posterior from a sample,e.g.a Markov chain, and simplifies the subsequent joint analysis with other experiments. Furthermore, it permits the characterization of a non-Gaussian posterior in a compact and efficient way. The expression for the non-Gaussian posterior can be employed to find analytic formulae for the Bayesian evidence, and consequently be used for model comparison.
Palladium–platinum core-shell icosahedra with substantially enhanced activity and durability towards oxygen reduction
Authors: Wang Xue , Choi Sang-Il , Roling Luke T. , Luo Ming , Ma Cheng , Zhang Lei , Chi Miaofang , Liu Jingyue , Xie Zhaoxiong , Herron Jeffrey A. , Mavrikakis Manos , Xia Younan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractConformal deposition of platinum as ultrathin shells on facet-controlled palladium nanocrystals offers a great opportunity to enhance the catalytic performance while reducing its loading. Here we report such a system based on palladium icosahedra. Owing to lateral confinement imposed by twin boundaries and thus vertical relaxation only, the platinum overlayers evolve into a corrugated structure under compressive strain. For the core-shell nanocrystals with an average of 2.7 platinum overlayers, their specific and platinum mass activities towards oxygen reduction are enhanced by eight- and sevenfold, respectively, relative to a commercial catalyst. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the enhancement can be attributed to the weakened binding of hydroxyl to the compressed platinum surface supported on palladium. After 10,000 testing cycles, the mass activity of the core-shell nanocrystals is still four times higher than the commercial catalyst. These results demonstrate an effective approach to the development of electrocatalysts with greatly enhanced activity and durability.
A new class of chiral materials hosting magnetic skyrmions beyond room temperature
Authors: Tokunaga Y. , Yu X. Z. , White J. S. , Rønnow H. M. , Morikawa D. , Taguchi Y. , Tokura Y. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSkyrmions, topologically protected vortex-like nanometric spin textures in magnets, have been attracting increasing attention for emergent electromagnetic responses and possible technological applications for spintronics. In particular, metallic magnets with chiral and cubic/tetragonal crystal structure may have high potential to host skyrmions that can be driven by low electrical current excitation. However, experimental observations of skyrmions have been limited to below room temperature for the metallic chiral magnets, specifically for the MnSi-type B20 compounds. Towards technological applications, transcending this limitation is crucial. Here we demonstrate the formation of skyrmions with unique spin helicity both at and above room temperature in a family of cubic chiral magnets: β-Mn-type Co-Zn-Mn alloys with a different chiral space group from that of B20 compounds. Lorentz transmission electron microscopy, magnetization and small-angle neutron scattering measurements unambiguously reveal formation of a skyrmion crystal under application of a magnetic field in both thin-plate and bulk forms.
Mechanistic insights into metal ion activation and operator recognition by the ferric uptake regulator
Authors: Deng Zengqin , Wang Qing , Liu Zhao , Zhang Manfeng , Machado Ana Carolina Dantas , Chiu Tsu-Pei , Feng Chong , Zhang Qi , Yu Lin , Qi Lei , Zheng Jiangge , Wang Xu , Huo XinMei , Qi Xiaoxuan , Li Xiaorong , Wu Wei , Rohs Remo , Li Ying , Chen Zhongzhou 
Published: July 2015

AbstractFerric uptake regulator (Fur) plays a key role in the iron homeostasis of prokaryotes, such as bacterial pathogens, but the molecular mechanisms and structural basis of Fur–DNA binding remain incompletely understood. Here, we report high-resolution structures of Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1 Fur in four different states: apo-Fur, holo-Fur, the Fur–feoAB1 operator complex and the Fur–Pseudomonas aeruginosa Fur box complex. Apo-Fur is a transition metal ion-independent dimer whose binding induces profound conformational changes and confers DNA-binding ability. Structural characterization, mutagenesis, biochemistry and in vivo data reveal that Fur recognizes DNA by using a combination of base readout through direct contacts in the major groove and shape readout through recognition of the minor-groove electrostatic potential by lysine. The resulting conformational plasticity enables Fur binding to diverse substrates. Our results provide insights into metal ion activation and substrate recognition by Fur that suggest pathways to engineer magnetotactic bacteria and antipathogenic drugs.
The sexually driven epidemic in youths in China’s southwestern border region was caused by dynamic emerging multiple recombinant HIV-1 strains
Authors: Wei Huamian , Xing Hui , Hsi Jenny H. , Jia Manhong , Feng Yi , Duan Song , He Cui , Yao Shitang , Ruan Yuhua , He Xiang , Liao Lingjie , Ma Yanling , Huang Yunda , Lu Lin , Shao Yiming 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDehong prefecture, Yunnan province on China’s southwestern border was the gateway of the country’s AIDS epidemic. Studies on HIV-1 molecular epidemiology will provide key information on virus transmission dynamics and help to inform HIV prevention strategies. HIV-1 infected youths (age 16–25 years) diagnosed in the continuous 3 months in 2009 to 2012 were enrolled. By means of phylogenetic and statistical analyses, It was showed that two thirds (133/205) of youths in Dehong, of which 74.1% were infected sexually, were infected by uncharacterized recombinant HIV-1 strains. Among them about 59.4% (79/131) were unique recombinant forms (URFs) and 40.6% (54/131) formed 11 transmission clusters, termed potential circulating recombinant forms (pCRFs). The emergence of recombinants was statistically significant related with people of low education, residents outside the capital city of Dehong and being Myanmar residents. It was the first report with ongoing HIV-1 recombinant strains in a sexually driven epidemic area in China. Great efforts should be put on reducing multiple risk exposures behavior in local young people, containing the spread of pCRFs to other regions and preventing the URFs from evolving into future CRFs. Collaborative prevention across border is needed to better control the local AIDS epidemic.
Multiple scale model for cell migration in monolayers: Elastic mismatch between cells enhances motility
Authors: Palmieri Benoit , Bresler Yony , Wirtz Denis , Grant Martin 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe propose a multiscale model for monolayer of motile cells that comprise normal and cancer cells. In the model, the two types of cells have identical properties except for their elasticity; cancer cells are softer and normal cells are stiffer. The goal is to isolate the role of elasticity mismatch on the migration potential of cancer cells in the absence of other contributions that are present in real cells. The methodology is based on a phase-field description where each cell is modeled as a highly-deformable self-propelled droplet. We simulated two types of nearly confluent monolayers. One contains a single cancer cell in a layer of normal cells and the other contains normal cells only. The simulation results demonstrate that elasticity mismatch alone is sufficient to increase the motility of the cancer cell significantly. Further, the trajectory of the cancer cell is decorated by several speed “bursts” where the cancer cell quickly relaxes from a largely deformed shape and consequently increases its translational motion. The increased motility and the amplitude and frequency of the bursts are in qualitative agreement with recent experiments.