bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term consequences of membership in trajectory groups of delinquent behavior in an urban sample: Violence, drug use, interpersonal, and neighborhood attributes
Authors: Brook Judith S. , Lee Jung Yeon , Finch Stephen J. , Brown Elaine N. , Brook David W. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractResearch on stability and change in delinquent behavior over time has important implications for both the individual and the criminal justice system. The present research looks at this issue by examining the associations between the trajectories of delinquent behavior in adolescence and adult functioning. Data for the present study are from a four‐wave longitudinal study of African American and Hispanic participants. Participants provided information at mean ages 14, 19, 24, and 29. We used growth mixture modeling to extract trajectory groups of delinquent behavior in adolescence and young adulthood. Regression analyses were conducted to examine whether memberships in the trajectory groups of delinquent behavior from mean age 14 to mean age 24 were associated with violence, substance abuse and dependence, partner discord, peer substance use, and residence in a high‐crime neighborhood at mean age 29 when compared with the reference trajectory group of participants with low or no delinquent behavior. Four trajectory groups of delinquent behavior were identified: the no/low, the decreasing, the moderate, and the high persistent trajectory groups. Memberships in the trajectory groups were significantly correlated with variations in adult functioning. Memberships in some trajectory groups of delinquent behavior are significant predictors of later violent behavior, substance abuse and dependence, partner discord, peer substance use, and residence in a high‐crime neighborhood. The findings reinforce the importance of investing in interventions to address different patterns of delinquent behavior. Findings are discussed in relation to previous investigations with non‐Hispanic White samples. Aggr. Behav. 39:440–452, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CuO‐filled aminomethylated polysulfone hybrid membranes for deep desulfurization
Authors: Xia Yan , Han Guang Lu , Zhang Qiu Gen , Gong Yi , Broadwell Ian , Liu Qing Lin 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTCuO‐filled aminomethylated polysulfone hybrid membranes were prepared for sulfur removal from gasoline. The as‐prepared membranes were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The separation performance of the hybrid membranes was evaluated by pervaporation (PV) separation of n‐heptane/thiophene binary mixture. CuO‐filling leads to a decrease in permeation flux. The sulfur‐enrichment factor increased first and then decreased with increasing CuO loading, and it is worth noting that there is a rebound in enrichment factor above 8 wt % CuO loading. Influencing factors such as nitrogen content, feed temperature, sulfur content, and various hydrocarbons on membrane PV performance were also evaluated. Permeation flux of 23.9 kg·μm·m−2·h−1 and sulfur‐enrichment factor of 3.9 can be achieved at 4 wt % CuO loading in PV of n‐heptane/thiophene binary mixture with 1500 μg·g−1 sulfur content. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3718–3725, 2013
Potential role of tocotrienols in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer
Authors: Sylvester Paul W. , Akl Mohamed R. , Malaviya Abhita , Parajuli Parash , Ananthula Suryatheja , Tiwari Roshan V. , Ayoub Nehad M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractVitamin E is a generic term that refers to a family of compounds that is further divided into two subgroups called tocopherols and tocotrienols. Although all natural forms of vitamin E display potent antioxidant activity, tocotrienols are significantly more potent than tocopherols in inhibiting tumor cell growth and viability, and anticancer activity of tocotrienols is mediated independently of their antioxidant activity. In addition, the anticancer effects of tocotrienols are observed using treatment doses that have little or no effect on normal cell function or viability. This review will summarize experimental studies that have identified the intracellular mechanism mediating the anticancer effects of tocotrienols. Evidence is also provided showing that combined treatment of tocotrienol with other cancer chemotherapies can result in a synergistic inhibition in cancer cell growth and viability. Taken together, these findings strongly indicate that tocotrienols may provide significant health benefits in the prevention and/or treatment of cancer when used either alone as monotherapy or in combination with other anticancer agents. © 2013 BioFactors, 40(1):49–58, 2014
Textural versus electrostatic exclusion‐enrichment effects in the effective chemical transport within the cortical bone: A numerical investigation
Authors: Lemaire T. , Kaiser J. , Naili S. , Sansalone V. 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYInterstitial fluid within bone tissue is known to govern the remodelling signals’ expression. Bone fluid flow is generated by skeleton deformation during the daily activities. Due to the presence of charged surfaces in the bone porous matrix, the electrochemical phenomena occurring in the vicinity of mechanosensitive bone cells, the osteocytes, are key elements in the cellular communication. In this study, a multiscale model of interstitial fluid transport within bone tissues is proposed. Based on an asymptotic homogenization method, our modelling takes into account the physicochemical properties of bone tissue. Thanks to this multiphysical approach, the transport of nutrients and waste between the blood vessels and the bone cells can be quantified to better understand the mechanotransduction of bone remodelling. In particular, it is shown that the electrochemical tortuosity may have stronger implications in the mass transport within the bone than the purely morphological one.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pharmacokinetics and comparative bioavailability of domperidone suspension and tablet formulations in healthy adult subjects
Authors: Helmy Sally A. , El Bedaiwy Heba M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDomperidone is a dopamine antagonist with a unique gastroprokinetic and antiemetic properties. This study was conducted to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PKs) and comparative bioavailability of suspension (reference) and tablet (test) formulations of domperidone. In vivo study was established according to a single‐center, randomized, single‐dose, laboratory‐blinded, two way, cross‐over study with a washout period of 1 week. Under fasting conditions, 26 healthy Egyptian male volunteers were randomly allocated to receive a single oral dose of either 20 mL domperidone or two tablets (each contains 10 mg domperidone) of marketed suspension and tablet formulations. Plasma samples were obtained over a 24‐hour interval and analyzed for domperidone by reversed phase liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The 90% confidence intervals for the ratio of log transformed values of Cmax, AUC0–t, and AUCt–∞ of the two treatments were within the acceptable range (0.8–1.25) for bioequivalence. From PK perspectives, in this small study in healthy Egyptian adult male volunteers, a single 20 mg dose of the tablet formulation was bioequivalent to a single 20 mg dose of the suspension formulation based on the US FDA's regulatory definition. No adverse events occurred or were reported during the study and both formulations were well tolerated.
The role of pre‐event canopy storage in throughfall and stemflow by using isotopic tracers
Authors: Allen S. T. , Brooks J. R. , Keim R. F. , Bond B. J. , McDonnell J. J. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTStable isotopes can be a valuable tool for tracing the redistribution, storage, and evaporation of water associated with canopy interception of rainfall. Isotopic differences between throughfall and rainfall have been attributed to three mechanisms: evaporative fractionation, isotopic exchange with ambient vapor, and temporal redistribution. We demonstrate the potential importance of a fourth mechanism: rainfall mixing with water retained within the canopy (in bark, epiphytes, etc.) from prior rain events. Amount and isotopic composition (18O and 2H) of rainfall and throughfall were measured over a 3‐month period in a Douglas‐fir forest in the Cascade Range of Oregon, USA. The range of spatial variability of throughfall isotopic composition exceeded the differences between event‐mean isotopic compositions of rainfall and throughfall. Inter‐event isotopic variation of precipitation was high and correlated with the isotopic deviation of throughfall from rainfall, likely related to a high canopy/bark storage capacity storage bridging events. Both spatial variability of throughfall isotopic composition and throughfall–precipitation isotopic differences appear to have been controlled by the temporally varying influence of residual precipitation from previous events. Therefore, isotopic heterogeneity could indicate local storage characteristics and the partitioning of flow‐paths within the canopy. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fire hazard assessment for a green railway station
Authors: Chow W. K. , Qu L. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTA green railway station adopting natural ventilation was built in Hong Kong to promote sustainable architectural design. Similar to many other green or sustainable projects, such design failed to comply with the local fire safety codes. There are potential fire hazards due to the adopted green features. Better ventilation provision would supply more air to burn the combustibles in case of fire. Performance‐based design was applied using the timeline analysis to determine the fire safety provisions. In this paper, fire simulations were carried out to predict the available safe egress time (ASET) under low design fires with smoke toxicity including only the carbon monoxide concentration. Evacuation simulations were conducted to predict the required safe egress time (RSET) under low passenger loadings. Studies on human behaviour under big fires and heavy passenger loadings were not included. Problems to be encountered in this green railway station using the timeline analysis will be pointed out in this paper. ASET was estimated by computational fluid dynamics with bigger fires resulted from the green features. RSET was estimated by evacuation software under local passenger loadings. The results indicated that ASET are less than RSET under big fires with heavy passenger loadings. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Composition Ratio of Ni‐YSZ Anode on Distribution of Effective Three‐Phase Boundary and Power Generation Performance
Authors: Kishimoto M. , Miyawaki K. , Iwai H. , Saito M. , Yoshida H. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractNi‐YSZ anode of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with three different compositions are examined and compared through electrochemical measurement, microstructural analysis, and numerical simulation. Three‐dimensional (3D) microstructure of the porous anodes is directly observed using focused ion beam and scanning electron microscope (FIB‐SEM), and microstructural parameters such as phase connectivity and three‐phase boundary (TPB) density are quantified to correlate the microstructure to the performance. 3D numerical simulation using the obtained microstructure is conducted considering the various transport phenomena and the electrochemical reaction in the anodes to predict their overall electrochemical performance. The performance of the Ni:YSZ = 30:70 anode is measured significantly lower than those of the Ni:YSZ = 50:50 and 70:30 anodes, which is attributed to the elongation of the ionic transport pathways. The poor connectivity of the Ni phase in the Ni:YSZ = 30:70 anode shifts the electrochemically active region far from the anode–electrolyte interface, resulting in higher Ohmic loss. The amount and distribution of the effective TPB associated with the phase connectivity are essentially important to explain the anode performance. The 3D numerical simulation qualitatively reproduces the anode performance and gives detailed information about the internal states of the anodes such as the distribution of the charge‐transfer current.
Dempster-Shafer theory applied to regulatory decision process for selecting safer alternatives to toxic chemicals in consumer products
Authors: Park Sung Jin , Ogunseitan Oladele A , Lejano Raul P 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Regulatory agencies often face a dilemma when regulating chemicals in consumer products—namely, that of making decisions in the face of multiple, and sometimes conflicting, lines of evidence. We present an integrative approach for dealing with uncertainty and multiple pieces of evidence in toxics regulation. The integrative risk analytic framework is grounded in the Dempster–Shafer (D–S) theory that allows the analyst to combine multiple pieces of evidence and judgments from independent sources of information. We apply the integrative approach to the comparative risk assessment of bisphenol-A (BPA)-based polycarbonate and the functionally equivalent alternative, Eastman Tritan copolyester (ETC). Our results show that according to cumulative empirical evidence, the estimated probability of toxicity of BPA is 0.034, whereas the toxicity probability for ETC is 0.097. However, when we combine extant evidence with strength of confidence in the source (or expert judgment), we are guided by a richer interval measure, (Bel(t), Pl(t)). With the D–S derived measure, we arrive at various intervals for BPA, with the low-range estimate at (0.034, 0.250), and (0.097,0.688) for ETC. These new measures allow a reasonable basis for comparison and a justifiable procedure for decision making that takes advantage of multiple sources of evidence. Through the application of D–S theory to toxicity risk assessment, we show how a multiplicity of scientific evidence can be converted into a unified risk estimate, and how this information can be effectively used for comparative assessments to select potentially less toxic alternative chemicals. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2014;10:12–21. © 2013 SETAC
Cerebellar hemorrhage in very low birth weight premature infants: The advantage of the posterolateral fontanelle view
Authors: Soudack Michalle , Jacobson Jeffrey , Raviv‐Zilka Lisa , Ben‐Shlush Aviva , Kuint Jacob 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of cerebellar hemorrhage in very low birth weight infants using the posterolateral fontanelle for ultrasound (US) examination.MethodsThe study included 125 very low birth weight premature infants (defined as equal or less than 1500 grams at birth) hospitalized in the premature or neonatal intensive care departments that had at least one head US examination including both anterior and posterolateral fontanelle scans.ResultsOn US performed through the posterolateral fontanelle, four (3.2%) infants had echogenic posterior fossa lesions interpreted as hemorrhages. None of these lesions were initially or retrospectively observed through the standard anterior fontanelle scan. Two infants died at age 4 and 39 days, respectively. All survivors are being followed up in the hospital's neurodevelopment outpatient clinic.ConclusionsCerebellar hemorrhage may be overlooked on standard anterior fontanelle views. The posterolateral approach may assist in diagnosing these lesions. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 41:395–401, 2013
Less morbidity after introduction of a new departmental policy for patients who undergo open distal pancreatectomy
Authors: Yui Rintaro , Satoi Sohei , Toyokawa Hideyoshi , Yanagimoto Hiroaki , Yamamoto Tomohisa , Hirooka Satoshi , Yamaki So , Ryota Hironori , Michiura Taku , Inoue Kentaro , Matsui Yoichi , Kwon A‐Hon 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to retrospectively compare morbidity and mortality before and after introduction of a new departmental policy for patients who undergo distal pancreatectomy.MethodsWe have introduced the use of an ultrasonically‐activated device in distal pancreatectomy, an “early removal of drains” policy and perioperative management using a clinical pathway since May 2006. Group A consisted of 52 consecutive patients from 2000 to February 2006. Group B consisted of 57 consecutive patients from May 2006 to 2010.ResultsAlthough there was no difference in the fluid collection rate within 30 postoperative days (Group A, 44% vs. Group B, 35%), the rates of intra‐abdominal abscess (A, 19% vs. B, 4%) and grade 3/4 of the Clavien classification (A, 23% vs. B, 9%) in Group B were significantly lower than in Group A (P < 0.05). Time of drain removal (median 3 days vs. 8 days) and length of in‐hospital stay (median 8 days vs. 17 days) in Group B were significantly shorter than in Group A (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe implementation of new departmental guidelines for distal pancreatectomy was closely associated with a low frequency of intra‐abdominal abscess and grade 3/4 Clavien score, resulting in a shorter in‐hospital stay.
The influence of stem design on critical squeaking friction with ceramic bearings
Authors: Fan Na , Morlock Michael M. , Bishop Nicholas E. , Huber Gerd , Hoffmann Norbert , Ciavarella Michele , Chen Guang X. , Hothan Arne , Witt Florian 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCeramic‐on‐ceramic hip joints have been reported to squeak, a phenomenon that may occur in compromised lubrication conditions. One factor related to the incidence of in vivo squeaking is the stem design. However, it has not yet been possible to relate stem design to squeaking in deteriorating lubrication conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine critical friction factors for different stem designs. A hip simulator was used to measure the friction factor of a ceramic bearing with different stem designs and gradually deteriorating lubrication represented by evaporation of a volatile fluid lubricant. The critical squeaking friction factor was measured at the onset of squeaking for each stem. Critical friction was higher for the long cobalt chrome (0.32 ± 0.02) and short titanium stems (0.39 ± 0.02) in comparison with a long titanium stem (0.29 ± 0.02). The onset of squeaking occurred at a friction factor lower than that measured for dry conditions, in which squeaking is usually investigated experimentally. The results suggest that shorter or heavier stems might limit the possibility of squeaking as lubrication deteriorates. The method developed can be used to investigate the influence of design parameters on squeaking probability. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1627–1632, 2013
Metaphyseal fracture healing in a sheep model of low turnover osteoporosis induced by hypothalamic–pituitary disconnection (HPD)
Authors: Bindl Ronny , Oheim Ralf , Pogoda Pia , Beil Frank Timo , Gruchenberg Katharina , Reitmaier Sandra , Wehner Tim , Calcia Enrico , Radermacher Peter , Claes Lutz , Amling Michael , Ignatius Anita 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTWe recently established a large animal model of osteoporosis in sheep using hypothalamic–pituitary disconnection (HPD). As central regulation is important for bone metabolism, HPD‐sheep develop severe osteoporosis because of low bone turnover. In this study we investigated metaphyseal fracture healing in HPD‐sheep. To elucidate potential pathomechanisms, we included a treatment group receiving thyroxine T4 and 17β‐estradiol. Because clinically osteoporotic fractures often occur in the bone metaphysis, HPD‐sheep and healthy controls received an osteotomy in the distal femoral condyle. Half of the HPD‐sheep were systemically treated with thyroxine T4 and 17β‐estradiol during the healing period. Fracture healing was evaluated after 8 weeks using pQCT, µCT, and histomorphometrical analysis. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) were considerably reduced by 30% and 36%, respectively, in the osteotomy gap of the HPD‐sheep compared to healthy sheep. Histomorphometry also revealed a decreased amount of newly formed bone (−29%) and some remaining cartilage in the HPD‐group, suggesting that HPD disturbed fracture healing. Thyroxine T4 and 17β‐estradiol substitution considerably improved bone healing in the HPD‐sheep. Our results indicate that fracture healing requires central regulation and that thyroxine T4 and 17β‐estradiol contribute to the complex pathomechanisms of delayed metaphyseal bone healing in HPD‐sheep. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1851–1857, 2013
Design of a Compact Planar Antenna for UWB Systems
Authors: Guo Lu , Chen Xiaodong 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTA novel compact antenna design for ultra‐wideband systems is presented. The proposed miniature antenna is achieved by combining three miniaturization techniques. The optimal design of this type of antenna can provide an ultrawide 10‐dB impedance bandwidth with reasonable radiation properties. It also features a very small dimension, 12 × 23 mm2 in physical size and 0.24 λ (at 3.1 GHz) in electrical size, respectively. The key parameters that affect the performance of the antenna are investigated. Good agreement is obtained between the simulated and the measured antenna characteristics. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:1989–1992, 2013
High Bandwidth Silicon Millimeter Waveguides
Authors: Wang Qidong , Guidotti Daniel , Cao Liqiang , Cui Jie , Wan Lixi , Ye Tianchun 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTInterchip communication on a multichip module or silicon interposer continues to rely on copper transmission lines. While very short reach optical communication is expected to provide advantage in bandwidth density, millimeter data transmission may offer additional options in phase and amplitude modulation leading to higher data rates per channel. In this communication, we consider the fabrication options for silicon filled rectangular waveguide and investigate their frequency dispersion by simulating the waveguide channel and obtaining the S‐parameters. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:1996–1999, 2013
Low‐Pass Features of Optical Nano‐Filters Constituted by Simple Layered Structures
Authors: Valagiannopoulos Constantinos A. , Sihvola Ari 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTLow‐pass filtering in the nanoscale is a significant procedure that has recently attracted considerable attention due to the upsurge of state‐of‐the‐art nanophotonic applications. In this work, two consecutive dielectric layers with specific permittivity combination and certain size ratio are found to exhibit good performance as a low‐pass filter in the visible and at the nano‐frequencies. Despite its simplicity, the device retains a satisfying stability in terms of total transmission at the low frequencies; simultaneously, it is impenetrable for signals containing higher frequencies and is characterized by a lack of electromagnetic resonances. Several graphs verify these beneficial features of the structure and further conclusions related to its operation and functionality are obtained. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2099–2106, 2013
A Low Cost CP Printed Antenna Array For Portable L‐Band Satellite Data Terminals
Authors: Kalialakis Christos 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTA circularly polarized printed linear antenna array, fabricated in low cost FR4 substrate and suitable for L‐band satellite data terminals is presented. The main contributions of the article are twofold. First, a three times bandwidth increase compared to a single notched disc element is demonstrated through the utilization of aperture feeding and sequential rotation. Second, array configurations with small separations that can arise in situations with space constraints are investigated. Elements with modified dimensions were found to be a simple and efficient remedy that mitigates the effect of mutual coupling. The suitability of the array for its use in L‐band satellite data terminals with reduced pointing requirements is also discussed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2015–2019, 2013