bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
B‐cell tolerance to the B‐cell receptor variable regions
Authors: Jacobsen Johanne T. , Sundvold‐Gjerstad Vibeke , Skjeldal Frode M. , Andersen Jan‐Terje , Abrahamsen Greger , Bakke Oddmund , Spurkland Anne , Bogen Bjarne 
Published: July 2013

An enormous number of B cells with different B‐cell receptors (BCRs) are continuously produced in the bone marrow. BCRs are further diversified during the germinal center reaction. Due to extensive recirculation, B cells with mutually binding BCR are likely to meet in lymphoid organs. We have addressed possible outcomes of such an encounter in vitro. B lymphoma cells were transfected with complementary BCR, one transfectant expressing an Idiotype+ (Id+) BCR and the other an anti‐Id BCR. To exclude confounding effects of secreted Ig, the transfected B lymphoma cells only expressed membrane IgD. Coincubation of paired Id+/anti‐Id lymphoma cells results in conjugate formation, signaling, activation of Caspase 3/7, and apoptosis of at least one of the two cells in the pair. Our data provide suggestive evidence for a mechanism whereby the B‐cell compartment is partly purged of B cells with complementary BCRs.
Synthesis and Exfoliation of Layered α‐Co(OH)2 Nanosheets and Their Electrochemical Performance for Supercapacitors
Authors: Gao Zan , Yang Wanlu , Yan Yanxia , Wang Jun , Ma Jing , Zhang Xingming , Xing Bohang , Liu Lianhe 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA novel facile approach has been developed to prepare graphene‐like α‐Co(OH)2 two‐dimensional ultrathin nanosheets. The layered hydrotalcite‐like α‐Co(OH)2 aggregates were successfully exfoliated in formamide solution in a constant temperature oscillator. The influence of exfoliation on the thickness and surface structure of the Co(OH)2 monolith was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. After the exfoliation process, the electrochemical performances of the 2D α‐Co(OH)2 nanosheets were tested by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic discharge/charge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Impressively, the charge/discharge study shows that the exfoliated sample is capable of delivering a high specific capacitance of 952 F g–1 at a current density of 5 mA cm–2 and maintains 48 % of the capacitance when the current density is as high as 50 mA cm–2. In addition, the exfoliated Co(OH)2 nanosheets also exhibited excellent cycling stability and is an excellent electrode material for high‐performance supercapacitors. Our work not only presents a cost‐effective and scalable method for the synthesis of α‐Co(OH)2 nanosheets with a high surface area, but also holds promise for the synthesis of a series of other graphene‐like laminar structures with high specific surface areas for electrochemical energy storage, catalysis, gas sensing, and other applications.
Quantification of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and perfluoroalkyl substances in the marine sediments of Puget Sound, Washington, USA
Authors: Long Edward R. , Dutch Margaret , Weakland Sandra , Chandramouli Bharat , Benskin Jonathan P. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Concentrations of 119 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and 13 perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in marine sediments measured throughout Puget Sound (n = 10) and Bellingham Bay (n = 30), Washington, USA, are reported. These data are among the first measurements of PPCPs and PFASs in marine sediments from the Pacific Northwest and provide a comparison to previous measurements of these chemicals in influent, effluent, and biosolids from municipal wastewater treatment plants throughout the region. The concentrations of both PPCPs and PFASs in sediments from Puget Sound and Bellingham Bay ranged from very low to non-detectable for most compounds. Only 14 of the 119 PPCPs and 3 of 13 PFASs were quantifiable in sediments. Diphenhydramine (an antihistamine) was most frequently detected (87.5% of samples), with a maximum concentration of 4.81 ng/g dry weight and an estimated mean detected concentration of 1.68 ng/g. Triclocarban (an antibacterial) was detected in 35.0% of the samples, with a maximum concentration of 16.6 ng/g dry weight. Perfluoroalkyl substances were detected in 2.5% of analyses. Perfluorobutanoate, perfluorooctane sulfonate, and perfluorooctane sulfonamide were detected in 7, 5, and 1 sample(s) each, respectively, with the highest concentrations observed for perfluorooctane sulfonate (1.5 ng/g). Detected concentrations were often highest within the industrial harbor in Bellingham Bay and near the cities of Seattle and Bremerton. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:1701–1710. © 2013 SETAC
Adaptive Runge–Kutta discontinuous Galerkin method for complex geometry problems on Cartesian grid
Authors: Liu Jianming , Qiu Jianxian , Hu Ou , Zhao Ning , Goman Mikhail , Li Xinkai 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYA Cartesian grid method using immersed boundary technique to simulate the impact of body in fluid has become an important research topic in computational fluid dynamics because of its simplification, automation of grid generation, and accuracy of results. In the frame of Cartesian grid, one often uses finite volume method with second order accuracy or finite difference method. In this paper, an h‐adaptive Runge–Kutta discontinuous Galerkin (RKDG) method on Cartesian grid with ghost cell immersed boundary method for arbitrarily complex geometries is developed. A ghost cell immersed boundary treatment with the modification of normal velocity is presented. The method is validated versus well documented test problems involving both steady and unsteady compressible flows through complex bodies over a wide range of Mach numbers. The numerical results show that the present boundary treatment to some extent reduces the error of entropy and demonstrate the efficiency, robustness, and versatility of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EX POST PERFORMANCE EVALUATION STUDIES OF KALDIYA MEDIUM IRRIGATION PROJECT IN ASSAM, INDIA
Authors: Kusre B. C. , Patra S. C. , Dutta B. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTMany canal irrigation systems in India are found to have poor performance. Assessment of performance is a prerequisite for its improvement and achieve the desired objective of conceiving an irrigation project. We conducted a comprehensive performance assessment of the Kaldiya irrigation project (KIP) located in Assam in the north‐eastern part of India. The project was aimed at diversification and intensification of an agricultural scenario in a command of 10 000 ha. We performed the study by assessing parameters such as agro‐economic and system performance. The parameters were changes in cropping pattern, intensity, productivity, conveyance losses, delivery efficiency, water availability at source and demand–supply studies. Primary and secondary data were collected and field studies performed. Significant improvement in productivity (> 50%) in the head, middle and tail sections was observed. However, changes in intensity and area under production were comparatively less. The system performance indicated higher conveyance loss of 0.83–5.11 lps per 100 m. The average system delivery efficiency was only 35.3%. The water availability and demand analysis indicated that 43% of the time water availability in the source is higher than the design discharge of the main canal. Based on the findings, suggestions were formulated for modernization of the project. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An integrated clinical pharmacology approach for deriving dosing recommendations in a regulatory setting: Review of recent cases in psychiatry drugs
Authors: Younis Islam R. , Rogers Hobart , Zhang Huixia , Zhu Hao , Uppoor Ramana S. , Mehta Mehul U. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractClinical pharmacology as an interdisciplinary science is unique in its capacity and the diversity of the methods and approaches it can provide to derive dosing recommendations in various subpopulations. This article illustrates cases where an integrated clinical pharmacology approach was used to derive dosing recommendations for psychiatry drugs within regulatory settings. The integrated approach is based on the view that once a drug is shown to be effective in the general population, it is reasonable to take into consideration other relevant findings and the use of alternative scientific tools and analysis to derive dosing recommendations in specific populations. The method provides useful means to solve the challenges of the paucity of available data and lead to clear dosing instructions. This in turn expands the benefits of any given drug to all individuals in which the drug is likely to be effective.
Multi‐RCM ensemble downscaling of NCEP CFS winter season forecasts: Implications for seasonal hydrologic forecast skill
Authors: Shukla Shraddhanand , Lettenmaier Dennis P. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe assess the value of dynamical versus statistical downscaling of National Centers for Environmental Prediction's (NCEP) Climate Forecast System (CFS) winter season forecasts for seasonal hydrologic forecasting. Dynamically downscaled CFS forecasts for 1 December to 30 April of 1982–2003 were obtained from the Multi‐RCM Ensemble Downscaling (MRED) project that used multiple Regional Climate Models (RCMs) to downscale CFS forecasts. Statistical downscaling of CFS forecasts was achieved by a much simpler bias correction and spatial downscaling method. We evaluate forecast accuracy of runoff (RO), soil moisture (SM), and snow water equivalent produced by a hydrology model forced with dynamically (the MRED forecasts) and statistically downscaled CFS forecasts in comparison with predictions of those variables produced by forcing the same hydrology model with gridded observations (reference data set). Our results show that the MRED forecasts produce modest skill beyond what results from statistical downscaling of CFS. Although the improvement in hydrologic forecast skill associated with the ensemble average of the MRED forecasts (Multimodel) relative to statistical downscaled CFS forecasts is field significant for RO and SM forecasts with up to 3 months lead, the region of improvement is mainly limited to parts of the northwest and north central U.S. In general, one or more RCMs outperform the other RCMs as well as the Multimodel. Hence, we argue that careful selection of RCMs (based on their hindcast skill over any given region) is critical to improving hydrologic forecast skill using dynamical downscaling.
Bioprospecting in the High Seas: Regulatory Options for Benefit Sharing
Authors: Tvedt Morten Walløe , Jørem Ane E. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractJudging from the debates on the international political scene, the legal regime for the marine areas beyond national jurisdiction might be changing in the years to come. One recurring question is whether and how future international law should incorporate the issue of sharing the benefits that arise from utilizing marine genetic resources (MGRs). In reviewing these questions, this work outlines some of the regulatory options for addressing the activity of bioprospecting in the high seas. De lege ferendae the activity of bioprospecting will likely give rise to a wide range of legislative alternative forms of benefit sharing. These must be consistent with the fundamental principle of freedom of the high seas and the exclusive rights awarded by patents when the activity results in an invention; yet they should also have advantages in terms of conserving MGRs, promoting fairness and spurring innovation. When emphasis is placed on maintaining the incentives to innovate, there are important drawbacks to monetary benefit sharing. On the other hand, open or semi‐open source options can be conceived for the material relating to MGRs. This article identifies important practical implications and unresolved legal and practical questions for owners of sampled material and for third‐party users.
I finally see what you see: Parkinson's disease visual hallucinations captured with functional neuroimaging
Authors: Goetz Christopher G. , Vaughan Christina L. , Goldman Jennifer G. , Stebbins Glenn T. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundFunctional neuroimaging studies have described alterations in neural activation in PD patients with chronic hallucinations. These studies have not, however, captured neural activation patterns during an actual hallucinatory event. The objective of this work was to investigate neuroanatomical substrates active during visual hallucinations in a patient with Parkinson's disease (PD).MethodsWe conducted an event‐related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) case‐study examination of a 66‐year‐old male PD patient with stereotypic, chronic, and frequent visual hallucinations.ResultsThe patient reported 16 hallucinations during the fMRI scan. Increased activation during hallucinations was found in the cingulate, insula, frontal lobe, thalamus, and brain stem. Decreased activation was found in the lingual and fusiform gyri, inferior occipital gyrus, and middle frontal and superior temporal lobes.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this report is the first published case documenting the cortical activation patterns using fMRI techniques in a PD patient during active hallucinations. Our results suggest that during a visual hallucination, a marked desynchronization occurs between posterior and anterior cortical areas involved in visual processing. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Experience of targeted Usher exome sequencing as a clinical test
Authors: Besnard Thomas , García‐García Gema , Baux David , Vaché Christel , Faugère Valérie , Larrieu Lise , Léonard Susana , Millan Jose M. , Malcolm Sue , Claustres Mireille , Roux Anne‐Françoise 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe show that massively parallel targeted sequencing of 19 genes provides a new and reliable strategy for molecular diagnosis of Usher syndrome (USH) and nonsyndromic deafness, particularly appropriate for these disorders characterized by a high clinical and genetic heterogeneity and a complex structure of several of the genes involved. A series of 71 patients including Usher patients previously screened by Sanger sequencing plus newly referred patients was studied. Ninety‐eight percent of the variants previously identified by Sanger sequencing were found by next‐generation sequencing (NGS). NGS proved to be efficient as it offers analysis of all relevant genes which is laborious to reach with Sanger sequencing. Among the 13 newly referred Usher patients, both mutations in the same gene were identified in 77% of cases (10 patients) and one candidate pathogenic variant in two additional patients. This work can be considered as pilot for implementing NGS for genetically heterogeneous diseases in clinical service.
Intracellular redox state revealed by in vivo 31P MRS measurement of NAD+ and NADH contents in brains
Authors: Lu Ming , Zhu Xiao‐Hong , Zhang Yi , Chen Wei 
Published: July 2013

PurposeNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), in oxidized (NAD+) or reduced (NADH) form, plays key roles in cellular metabolism. Intracellular NAD+/NADH ratio represents the cellular redox state; however, it is difficult to measure in vivo. We report here a novel in vivo 31P MRS method for noninvasive measurement of intracellular NAD concentrations and NAD+/NADH ratio in the brain.MethodsIt uses a theoretical model to describe the NAD spectral patterns at a given field for quantification. Standard NAD solutions and independent cat brain measurements at 9.4 T and 16.4 T were used to evaluate this method. We also measured T1 values of brain NAD.ResultsModel simulation and studies of solutions and brains indicate that the proposed method can quantify submillimolar NAD concentrations with reasonable accuracy if adequate 31P MRS signal‐to‐noise ratio and linewidth were obtained. The NAD concentrations and NAD+/NADH ratio of cat brains measured at 16.4 T and 9.4 T were consistent despite the significantly different T1 values and NAD spectra patterns at two fields.ConclusionThis newly established 31P MRS method makes it possible for the first time to noninvasively study the intracellular redox state and its roles in brain functions and diseases, and it can potentially be applied to other organs. Magn Reson Med 71:1959–1972, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Imaging near metal: The impact of extreme static local field gradients on frequency encoding processes
Authors: Koch Kevin M. , King Kevin F. , Carl Michael , Hargreaves Brian A. 
Published: July 2013

PurposeMagnetic resonance imaging capabilities in the direct vicinity of metallic devices have substantially improved with the recent development of three‐dimensional multispectral imaging (3D‐MSI) methods. When imaging near metallic hardware, the bulk image distortions in 3D‐MSI techniques are reduced to the single‐pixel level. However, commonly utilized MSI techniques are ultimately limited by frequency‐encoding processes and reveal a class of residual intensity‐based susceptibility artifacts that have yet to be formally analyzed.MethodsEmpirical measurements and simulation techniques are utilized to study the static local magnetic field gradients induced by metal implants and their general impact on frequency‐encoding processes. The specific consequences of these gradients on 3D‐MSI approaches are also analyzed using empirical and simulated approaches.ResultsClose agreements between empirical and simulated measurements clearly demonstrate the effects of strong local gradients on frequency‐encoded imaging capabilities near metallic implants.Conclusions3D‐MSI techniques can enable substantially enhanced magnetic resonance imaging capabilities near metallic implants. However, strong local static field gradients generate residual artifacts whose direct mitigation are ultimately limited by frequency encoding processes. Applications of 3D encoding strategies or additional post processing may be required to further reduce residual artifacts in multispectral images near metal implants. Magn Reson Med 71:2024–2034, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A fourth‐order Hermitian box‐scheme with fast solver for the Poisson problem in a cube
Authors: Abbas Ali 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe present a fourth‐order Hermitian box‐scheme (HB‐scheme) for the Poisson problem in a cube. A single‐nonstaggered regular grid is used supporting the discrete unknowns u and . The scheme is fourth‐order accurate for u and in norm. The fast numerical resolution uses a matrix capacitance method, resulting in a computational complexity of . Numerical results are reported on several examples including nonseparable problems. The present scheme is the extension to the three‐dimensional case of the HB‐scheme presented in Abbas and Croisille [J Sci Comp 49 (2011), 239–267]. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 31: 609–629, 2015
Rheology and phase behavior of thermo‐reversible pentablock terpolymer hydrogel
Authors: Wu Yufeng , Zhu Dingwei , Guo Zanru , Feng Yujun 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThermo‐reversible phase behaviors and rheological properties of a pentablock terpolymer solution, poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐b‐poly(ethylene oxide)‐b‐poly(propylene oxide)‐b‐poly(ethylene oxide)‐b‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM150‐PEO136‐PPO45‐PEO136‐PNIPAM150), are investigated in comparison with its precursor, PEO136‐PPO45‐PEO136 (F108). It is found that the critical gelation concentration of the terpolymer solution is only about 11 wt %, which is significantly lower than that of F108 solution (∼22 wt %). The 11 wt % terpolymer solution displays higher viscosity, stronger gel strength, and fast thermo‐responsive behavior compared with the 22 wt % F108 solution. The 11 wt % terpolymer solution shows a typical Newtonian fluid behavior at 30 °C due to the presence of individual spherical micelles, and presents an elastic gel property at 41 °C because of the formation of the close‐packed micelle aggregates. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo‐TEM) and variable‐temperature 1H NMR results demonstrate that the sol–gel phase transition mechanism is mainly related to the hydrophilic/hydrophobic transition of PPO and PNIPAM groups by external temperature stimulus. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 1335–1342
Uptake and attrition in couple‐based interventions for cancer: perspectives from the literature
Authors: Regan Tim , Lambert Sylvie D. , Kelly Brian 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectiveRecognition that patients and partners are both affected by a cancer diagnosis has led to increased interest in couple‐based interventions. Although these interventions show promise for enhancing both patients' and partners' illness adjustment, couples' acceptance of these interventions is not well documented. This review explores these issues as reflected in uptake and attrition rates in published trials.MethodsA literature search identified 17 manuscripts reporting the uptake and attrition rates of couple‐based interventions for couples facing cancer. The uptake (percentage of eligible couples randomised into a trial) and the attrition (percentage of couples who dropped out of a trial) rates were extracted by cancer type, cancer stage, intervention type, intervention focus and intervention delivery method.ResultsUptake and attrition rates ranged from 13.6% to 94.2% and 0% to 49.4%, respectively. Low uptake rates were noted for communication‐focused interventions and those requiring both the patient and the partner to participate in the intervention simultaneously. Attrition was also high in the latter group. Uptake rates appeared slightly lower than individual‐based interventions (58%–76%), as were attrition rates, although only for late stage cancer (~30% couple‐based vs. ~69% individual‐based). Common barriers to uptake included accessibility, competing priorities and illness severity.ConclusionsThe couple‐based interventions had slightly lower uptake rates than what has been previously reported for individual‐based interventions; however, lower attrition suggests patients and partners may be more inclined to complete an intervention when they participate together. The findings support the need to develop strategies to improve the delivery and acceptability of couple‐based interventions in clinical practice. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low preparedness before the loss of a wife to cancer and the widower's chronic pain 4–5 years later—a population‐based study
Authors: Ásgeirsdóttir Hildur Guðný , Valdimarsdóttir Unnur , Fürst Carl Johan , Steineck Gunnar , Hauksdóttir Arna 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe focus of this study was on the impact of spousal loss on the development of chronic pain thereafter. More specifically, the aim was to investigate the effect of experiencing low preparedness before a wife's death and the widower's chronic pain 4–5 years after loss.MethodsIn a population‐based study in the years 2004‐2005, anonymous questionnaires were sent out to 907 men in Sweden who had lost a wife to cancer in 2000 and 2001. The questionnaires contained questions on the man's preparedness for his wife's death and his physical and psychological health at follow‐up.ResultsAltogether, 691 out of 907 questionnaires were retrieved (76%). Younger widowers (38‐61 years old) with a low degree of preparedness for their wife's death had an increased risk of experiencing symptoms of chronic pain (odds ratio 6.67; 2.49‐17.82) 4‐5 years after loss. The same results did not apply for older widowers (62‐80 years old) (odds ratio 0.81; 0.32‐2.05). Widowers who experienced chronic pain were at an increased risk for psychological morbidity, depression (relative risk [RR] 2.21; 1.31‐3.74), anxiety (RR 2.11; 1.33‐3.37), and sleep disorders (RR 2.19; 1.30‐3.69).ConclusionOur data suggest that low preparedness for a wife's death may increase risk of chronic pain among younger widowers 4‐5 years after loss. In addition, we found comorbidity between psychological symptoms and chronic pain among widowers. These findings call for studies on possible mechanisms in the association between low preparedness and morbidity and on how to increase preparedness for a wife's death to cancer. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.