bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autocrine VEGF maintains endothelial survival through regulation of metabolism and autophagy
Authors: Domigan Courtney K. , Warren Carmen M. , Antanesian Vaspour , Happel Katharina , Ziyad Safiyyah , Lee Sunyoung , Krall Abigail , Duan Lewei , Torres-Collado Antoni X. , Castellani Lawrence W. , Elashoff David , Christofk Heather R. , van der Bliek Alexander M. , Potente Michael , Iruela-Arispe M. Luisa 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
Autocrine VEGF is necessary for endothelial survival, although the cellular mechanisms supporting this function are unknown. Here, we show that – even after full differentiation and maturation – continuous expression of VEGF by endothelial cells is needed to sustain vascular integrity and cellular viability. Depletion of VEGF from the endothelium results in mitochondria fragmentation and suppression of glucose metabolism, leading to increased autophagy that contributes to cell death. Gene-expression profiling showed that endothelial VEGF contributes to the regulation of cell cycle and mitochondrial gene clusters, as well as several – but not all – targets of the transcription factor FOXO1. Indeed, VEGF-deficient endothelium in vitro and in vivo showed increased levels of FOXO1 protein in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Silencing of FOXO1 in VEGF-depleted cells reversed expression profiles of several of the gene clusters that were de-regulated in VEGF knockdown, and rescued both cell death and autophagy phenotypes. Our data suggest that endothelial VEGF maintains vascular homeostasis through regulation of FOXO1 levels, thereby ensuring physiological metabolism and endothelial cell survival.
Precise and feasible measurements of lateral calcaneal lengthening osteotomies by radiostereometric analysis in cadaver feet
Authors: Martinkevich P. , Rahbek O. , Møller-Madsen B. , Søballe K. , Stilling M. 
Published: May 2015

Objectives Lengthening osteotomies of the calcaneus in children are in general grafted with bone from the iliac crest. Artificial bone grafts have been introduced, however, their structural and clinical durability has not been documented. Radiostereometric analysis (RSA) is a very accurate and precise method for measurements of rigid body movements including the evaluation of joint implant and fracture stability, however, RSA has not previously been used in clinical studies of calcaneal osteotomies. We assessed the precision of RSA as a measurement tool in a lateral calcaneal lengthening osteotomy (LCLO). Methods LCLO was performed in six fixed adult cadaver feet. Tantalum markers were inserted on each side of the osteotomy and in the cuboideum. Lengthening was done with a plexiglas wedge. A total of 24 radiological double examinations were obtained. Two feet were excluded due to loose and poorly dispersed markers. Precision was assessed as systematic bias and 95% repeatability limits. Results Systematic bias was generally below 0.10 mm for translations. Precision of migration measurements was below 0.2 mm for translations in the osteotomy. Conclusion RSA is a precise tool for the evaluation of stability in LCLO. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2015;4:78–83.
Optimization of CLARITY for Clearing Whole-Brain and Other Intact Organs
Authors: Epp Jonathan R. , Niibori Yosuke , (Liz) Hsiang Hwa-Lin , Mercaldo Valentina , Deisseroth Karl , Josselyn Sheena A. , Frankland Paul W. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe development, refinement, and use of techniques that allow high-throughput imaging of whole brains with cellular resolution will help us understand the complex functions of the brain. Such techniques are crucial for the analysis of complete neuronal morphology—anatomical and functional—connectivity, and repeated molecular phenotyping. CLARITY is a recently introduced technique that produces structurally intact, yet optically transparent tissue, which may be labeled and imaged without sectioning. However, the utility of this technique depends on several procedural variables during the process in which the light-scattering lipids in a tissue are replaced by a transparent hydrogel matrix. Here, we systematically varied a number of factors (including temperature, hydrogel composition, and polymerization conditions) to provide an optimized, highly replicable CLARITY procedure for clearing mouse brains. We found that for these preparations optimal tissue clearing requires electrophoresis (and cannot be achieved with passive clearing alone) for 5 d with a combination of 37 and 55°C temperature. Although this protocol is optimized for brains, we also show that it can be used to clear and analyze a variety of organs. Brain or other tissue prepared using this protocol is suitable for high-throughput imaging with confocal or single-plane illumination microscopy.
Real-Time Evolution of a Subtelomeric Gene Family in Candida albicans
Authors: Anderson Matthew Z , Wigen Lauren J , Burrack Laura S , Berman Judith 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Subtelomeric regions of the genome are notable for high rates of sequence evolution and rapid gene turnover. Evidence of subtelomeric evolution has relied heavily on comparisons of historical evolutionary patterns to infer trends and frequencies of these events. Here, we describe evolution of the subtelomeric TLO gene family in Candida albicans during laboratory passaging for over 4000 generations. C. albicans is a commensal and opportunistic pathogen of humans and the TLO gene family encodes a subunit of the Mediator complex that regulates transcription and affects a range of virulence factors. We identified 16 distinct subtelomeric recombination events that altered the TLO repertoire. Ectopic recombination between subtelomeres on different chromosome ends occurred approximately once per 5000 generations and was often followed by loss of heterozygosity, resulting in the complete loss of one TLO gene sequence with expansion of another. In one case, recombination within TLO genes produced a novel TLO gene sequence. TLO copy number changes were biased, with some TLOs preferentially being copied to novel chromosome arms and other TLO genes being frequently lost. The majority of these nonreciprocal recombination events occurred either within the 3′ end of the TLO coding sequence or within a conserved 50-bp sequence element centromere-proximal to TLO coding sequence. Thus, subtelomeric recombination is a rapid mechanism of generating genotypic diversity through alterations in the number and sequence of related gene family members.
Rhinella mirandaribeiroi (Gallardo, 1965) (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae): distribution extension and new state record
Authors: De Pina Ligia Ferracine , Morais Alessandro R. , Prado Cynthia P. A. 
Published: May 2015

Rhinella mirandaribeiroi is widely distributed in the Cerrado domain and Cerrado enclaves in the Amazon forest, occurring also at the ecotone between this domain and surrounding formations. Here, we provide the first species record for the state of São Paulo, municipality of São Joaquim da Barra, northeast of the state. Additionally, we also provide a distribution map. This new record fills a gap in the species´ distribution in southeastern Brazil.
Malignant renal tumors in children
Authors: Lee Justin Scott , Sanchez Thomas Ray , Wootton-Gorges Sandra 
Published: May 2015

Renal malignancies are common in children. While the majority of malignant renal masses are secondary to Wilms tumor, it can be challenging to distinguish from more aggressive renal masses. For suspicious renal lesions, it is crucial to ensure prompt diagnosis in order to select the appropriate surgical procedure and treatment. This review article will discuss the common differential diagnosis that can be encountered when evaluating a suspicious renal mass in the pediatric population. This includes clear cell sarcoma of the kidney, malignant rhabdoid tumor, renal medullary carcinoma and lymphoma. Copyright: The Authors.
Adjuvant Transarterial Chemoembolization Following Liver Resection for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Based on Survival Risk Stratification
Authors: Li Jun , Wang Qing , Lei Zhengqing , Wu Dong , Si Anfeng , Wang Kui , Wan Xuying , Wang Yizhou , Yan Zhenlin , Xia Yong , Lau Wan Yee , Wu Mengchao , Shen Feng 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

Background.
The effectiveness of adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) after hepatectomy remains unclear. This study was performed to identify ICC patients who would benefit from adjuvant TACE.

Patients and Methods.
The study included 553 patients who underwent hepatectomy for ICC between January 2008 and February 2011 at the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital and who were treated with or without TACE (122 with TACE and 431 without TACE). Survival risk stratification was performed using the established prognostic nomogram (ICC nomogram). The predictive performance was evaluated by concordance index and calibration. The tumor recurrence and overall survival (OS) rates were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method before and after propensity score matching (PSM).

Results.
The predictive performance of the ICC nomogram was demonstrated by the well-fitted calibration curves and an optimal c-index of 0.71 for OS prediction. In the whole cohort, the 5-year recurrence and OS rates between the TACE and non-TACE groups were significantly different (5-year recurrence: 72.9% vs. 78.1%; OS: 38.4% vs. 29.7%). After 1:1 PSM, the TACE and non-TACE groups (122 patients each) had similar 5-year recurrence and OS rates (5-year recurrence: 72.9% vs. 74.2%; OS: 38.4% vs. 36.0%). By survival risk stratification based on ICC nomogram, only the patients in the lowest tertile (nomogram scores ≥77) benefited from adjuvant TACE (TACE vs. non-TACE groups: 90.4% vs. 95.9% for 5-year recurrence; 21.3% vs. 6.2% for 5-year OS).

Conclusion.
Adjuvant TACE following liver resection might be suitable for ICC patients with high ICC nomogram scores (≥77).

Implications for Practice:
The accurate predictive performance of the established prognostic nomogram for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) following liver resection was reconfirmed in an independent cohort with 553 patients. Based on the survival risk stratification using the nomogram, adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization following liver resection might be suitable only for ICC patients with high scores from the nomogram.
A difusão lexical num fenômeno de aspiração do português
Authors: Auler Monica 
Published: May 2015

The phonetic/phonological aspects involved in the pronunciation of the post-vocalic s have already been analysed in several works conceming different dialects of Brazilian Portuguese. This paper presents a study of some lexical factors involved in the aspiration of the post-vocalic s in the dialect of Rio de Janeiro as an alternative approach to the phenomenon. It also reinforces the applicability of the Lexical Diffusion madel to Portuguese.
Intensidade e duração de formas reduzidas no português brasileiro
Authors: Ciríaco Larissa Santos , Vitral Lorenzo Teixeira , Reis Cesar 
Published: May 2015

In Brazilian Portuguese reduction occurs in some pronouns, for instance, cê (from você); el and ez (from the pronouns ele and eles);num (from não) and others that have been analyzed as becoming clitics (VITRAL & RAMOS, 2002). In order to prove this hypothesis,we collected a corpus with almost 500 utterances containing the reduced forms above. The reduced forms were acoustically analyzed considering the intensity and duration parameters and then compared with those parameters of real clitics. This paper presents the research results and the conclusions we have achieved in this work.
A influência da natureza fonética do fonema inicial da palavra na medida de tempo de reação em tarefas de leitura em voz alta
Authors: Pinheiro Ângela Maria Vieira , Reis César 
Published: May 2015

Experiments of reading aloud isolated words, in which the reactiontime (RT) is measured based on the time between the appearanceof the stimulus on the computer screen and the beginning of theemission of its pronunciation by the subject, were used test thehypothesis that the phonetic nature of the initial phonemes of thewords affects the measurement of the RT, since for words beginningwith stop consonants, for example, the sound itself contains an average silence lasting 100ms. If the phonetic nature of the firstsound influences the measurement of the RT, this means that intasks of reading aloud, this phenomenon should be described andcontrolled. Thus, a list of 58 words varying in the phonetic natureof their first sound – vowel, stop (voiced and unvoiced), fricative(voiced and unvoiced), nasal and lateral – were presented tochildren from 1st to 4th grades and to adult readers, with their reactiontimes recorded. The first results do not confirm the hypothesis thatthe silence of the stop sound is affecting the RT, since no significantdifference was found between the average RT between the stopsand fricatives. The shortest RTs were recorded for the nasalconsonants and the vowels (o, a) for the adult group and for allthe grades (excepting the vowel a for the first grade). The longestRTs were recorded for the fricative sound R (except in the thirdgrade), and u (except in the adult group). The behavior of thesound u was distinctly curious, not following the pattern of theother vowels in the children’s reading.
Seqüências de (sibilante + consoante) no português de Belo Horizonte
Authors: Silva Thaïs Cristófaro , Oliveira Daniela Mara Lima 
Published: May 2015

This paper investigates cases of sound variation involving sequences of (sibilant + consonant) in Brazilian Portuguese (BP). Emphasis is given to the analysis of alveolar (sibilant + stop) sequences as in the word – festa [ÈfEsta] – and to the alveopalatal (sibilant + affricate)sequences – as in the word triste [ÈtRiStSi]. The cases of variation we will be dealing with involve the loss of the stop or the affricate where only the sibilant is manifested: festa ‘party ‘ [ÈfEsta] à [ÈfEsa]and triste ‘sad’ [ÈtRiStSi] à [ÈtRiSi]. This paper evaluates the role of phonetic properties as potential motivation for the variation:agreement of place of articulation and also agreement of voicing for the consonants in the sequence is considered. The fact that the sequences involved in the variation are related to a complex syllable pattern – that is, (coda-onset) – will also be explored. Some structural aspects which may condition the phenomena will be addressed:stress placement and the quality of the vowel which precedes the(coda-onset) sequence. It will be suggested that the lack of conditioning structural factors leads us to evaluate this case of variation within the Lexical Diffusion model (WANG, 1969). Lexical Diffusion appears to be the most appropriate approach to analyse the phenomena addressed in this paper, since it accounts for the .different behaviour of some structurally similar sequences. Finally,the paper indicates some aspects to be pursued in future research.
Alguns esquemas entoacionais característicos da leitura de um texto por portugueses e brasileiros
Authors: Romano António , Moutinho Lurdes de Castro 
Published: May 2015

Cette étude a pour but immédiat celui de mettre en évidence quelqueséléments intonatifs particulièrement typés dans des productionslinguistiques communes du Portugais parlé au Brésil (PB) par rapportaux schémas réalisés le plus communément – dans les mêmesconditions – par des locuteurs du Portugais européen (PE).Le manque d’études dans ce domaine a été une des motivationsde cette recherche.Notre approche privilégie la recherche de configurations mélodiquesassociées à des figures expressives manifestées sur l’échelle des contours d’unité tonale et intonative avec un aperçu qui tienne encompte des variables de structuration plus globales.Notre étude est basée sur un texte lu-interprété par 6 locuteurs (3locutrices portugaises de Aveiro et 3 locuteurs brésiliens).Nos résultats montrent qu’en PB émerge assez systématiquementprofil final de modalité déclarative, présentant des caractéristiquesqui peuvent donner lieu à une sorte de cliché mélodique. Ce contour,ancré à des rapports de hauteur très systématique, se manifeste parune tonie caractérisée par une brusque monté mélodique sur lapréaccentuelle, suivie d’une diminution abrupte de hauteur qui sestabilise ensuite sur la voyelle accentuée, pour se réduire encoresur les voyelles postaccentuelles. Cette tonie est précédée souventpar une longue séquence quasi-monotone qui réalise une protonieplate assez aiguë, généralement inconnue au PE.
As línguas ameríndias e a Arte de Gramática – gramaticografia de Anchieta e Carochi até a Gramática Mexicana de Wilhelm von Humboldt
Authors: Thielemann Werner 
Published: May 2015

The description of Amerindian languages is closely linked to theevangelization and catechesis of indigenous American peoples byreligious orders (Franciscans, Jesuits and others). Grammaticographyof native languages, since the discovery of America and for a longtime, was being influenced by the translation practice of catecheticalLatin texts and, in this way, from Ars grammaticae principles andterminology of Latin.Though being aware of the particularities of indigenouslanguages, missionaries do not trangress the degree of descriptive hybridity, evidenced by the Brasilian Grammar of Anchieta and alot of Mexican nahuatl grammars (Olmos, Carochi), discussed inthe article.Paradigmatic change arises with Historical ComparativeGrammar in Europe. The description of American languages changestotally, when, whit his knowledge of Basque, Whilhelm vonHumboldt recognizes the propositional value of the nahuatl verband identifies incorporation as the organizing principle. He initiallygives an adequate description and metalinguistic teminology forthe particularities of Amerindian languages. Throughout his life,he is tried to determine the structures of American languages, butthe very results of his endeavour were not published until after hisdeath (1835).
Os textos como formas constitutivas do saber. Sobre algumas hipóteses para uma fundamentação da lingüística de texto à base de uma teoria evolucionária
Authors: Antos Gerd , Wieser Hans Peter 
Published: May 2015

The evolution of socially formed knowledge with its cultural,historical and functional multiplicity would not have been possiblewithout the production, distribution and reception of texts. Nearlyall declarative knowledge of modern societies is text based. Textsrepresent essential resources of the individual and social constitutionof knowledge. Moreover, the complex forms of textual organizationhave the tendency to be selective and reproductive. Texts, therefore,are means to fight cognitive entropy; they are resources that temporarily stop or reverse potential disorder. For that reason, it ispossible to resort to evolutionary principles that explain culturaldevelopment. The premises sketched here will be unfolded andcommented on through 12 hypotheses, which lead to the conclusionthat texts surpass all other linguistic forms in terms of structure,flexibility and complexity and that their historical character shouldenter the center of an evolution-based theory of text linguistics.
O uso do modo verbal em estruturas de complementação no Português do Brasil
Authors: De Oliveira Maria do Carmo 
Published: May 2015

O estudo examina a distribuição dos modos indicativo e subjuntivo em estruturas de complementação, no português do Brasil, considerando,de modo particular, dados de fala da Paraíba. Nessa variedade dialetal do PB, encontramos uso quase categórico do subjuntivo com os verbos volitivos, e ampla utilização do modo indicativo com verbos de opinião,embora se verifique a flutuação com o modo subjuntivo, em alguns casos. Nesse sentido, os dados da Paraíba distinguem-se, por um lado, dos resultados obtidos em estudos prévios relativos a outras variedades dialetais (particularmente do RJ e de Brasília), e identificam-se, por outro, com a descrição encontrada na literatura para o português europeu.
Desfazendo dicotomias em torno da metáfora
Authors: Moura Heronides 
Published: May 2015

Neste artigo, são criticadas duas dicotomias usuais nos estudos das metáforas: as que põem, de um lado, pensamento x linguagem, e, de outro, palavra x sentença. São apresentados vários argumentos que mostram que essas dicotomias não capturam a natureza das metáforas. Argumenta-se que uma metáfora é construída explorandoos recursos dos dois pólos das duas dicotomias citadas. Com base nesses argumentos, postula-se que a metáfora corresponde a uma capacidade cognitiva mais geral de estabelecer correlações entre domínios distintos, mas que essa capacidade necessita do meio expressivo que é a linguagem para ser posta em uso. Em outros termos, a metáfora construída pelo pensamento se apropria de relações semânticas já existentes no sistema lexical da língua.
Integrando a variação social e métodos quantitativos na investigação sobre linguagem e cognição: para uma sociolinguística cognitiva do português europeu e brasileiro
Authors: Silva Augusto Soares da 
Published: May 2015

Este artigo tem um objectivo duplo. Um é argumentar sobre a necessidade de integrar sistematicamente a variação linguística e a metodologia do corpus acompanhada de métodos quantitativos e de análise estatística no estudo cognitivo da linguagem, tal como tem sido desenvolvido pela Linguística Cognitiva. O outro, e mais importante, é apresentar um programa de sociolinguística cognitiva do português europeu e brasileiro centrado na questão da convergência e divergência entre as duas variedades nacionais nos últimos 50 anos.Primeiramente, assinalaremos duas tensões no desenvolvimento actual da Linguística Cognitiva (uma no objecto e outra no método) e mostraremos como é que a sua perspectiva baseada no uso implica integrar e complementar o objecto social e a metodologia empírica.A seguir, identificaremos os contributos específicos da emergente Sociolinguística Cognitiva e do método dos perfis onomasiológicos para o estudo da variação linguística. Finalmente, apresentaremos os resultados da nossa investigação sociolexicológica sobre convergência e divergência nos vocabulários do futebol e do vestuário – as duas variedades convergem no futebol e divergem no vestuário – e indicaremos as extensões desta primeira fase da investigação para os domínios das palavras funcionais e das variáveis não-lexicais.