bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glucose Counterregulation in Advanced Type 2 Diabetes: Effect of β-Adrenergic Blockade
Authors: Bokhari Syed , Plummer Elena , Emmerson Peter , Gupta Anchal , Meyer Christian 
Published: August 2014

OBJECTIVE
To examine counterregulatory glucose kinetics and test the hypothesis that β-adrenergic blockade impairs these in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and advanced β-failure.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Nine insulin-requiring T2DM subjects and six matched nondiabetic control subjects were studied. β-Cell function was assessed by the C-peptide response to arginine stimulation. Counterregulatory hormonal responses and glucose kinetics were assessed by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic-hypoglycemic clamps with [3-3H]glucose infusion. T2DM subjects underwent two clamp experiments in a randomized crossover fashion: once with infusion of the β-adrenergic antagonist propranolol and once with infusion of normal saline.

RESULTS
Compared with the control subjects, T2DM subjects had threefold reduced C-peptide responses to arginine stimulation. During the hypoglycemic clamp, glucagon responses were markedly diminished (16.0 ± 4.2 vs. 48.6 ± 6.0 ng/L, P &lt; 0.05), but other hormonal responses and the decrement in the required exogenous glucose infusion rate (GIR) from the euglycemic clamp were normal (−10.4 ± 1.1 vs. −7.8 ± 1.9 µmol · kg−1 · min−1 in control subjects); however, endogenous glucose production (EGP) did not increase (−0.8 ± 1.0 vs. 2.2 ± 0.7 µmol · kg−1 · min−1 in control subjects, P &lt; 0.05), whereas systemic glucose disposal decreased normally. β-Adrenergic blockade in the T2DM subjects increased GIR ∼20% during the euglycemic clamp (P &lt; 0.01), but neither increased GIR during the hypoglycemic clamp or decreased its decrement from the euglycemic clamp to the hypoglycemic clamp.

CONCLUSIONS
Overall glucose counterregulation is preserved in advanced T2DM, but the contribution of EGP is diminished. β-Adrenergic blockade may increase insulin sensitivity at normoglycemia but does not impair glucose counterregulation in T2DM patients, even those with advanced β-cell failure.
Temporal species turnover and plant community changes across different habitats in the Lake Engure Nature Park, Latvia
Authors: Rūsiņa Solvita , Gavrilova Ģertrūde , Roze Ieva , Šulcs Viesturs 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Simultaneous monitoring of vegetation dynamics in different ecosystems has been rarely conducted but can provide important insights into mechanisms of vegetation dynamics in relation to vegetation structure and patterns. We compared the herb layer dynamics, species turnover, and species-time relationships across different habitats in a 12-year period in the ILTER monitoring station of the Lake Engure Nature Park, Latvia. Temporal species turnover was defined as diference in species composition in a community between two times. Species-time relationships were assessed using a sliding window approach. Species richness, cumulative species richness, and diversity changed more in species-rich non-forest habitats than in forests. Species turnover was highly different among habitats, and was not associated with the stability of habitats, as reported from other studies. The species-time relationship of six habitats was much lower than that reported in the literature. This could be explained by latitudinal gradients in species diversity and temporal turnover. At higher latitudes both species diversity and turnover is lower, and the mentioned habitats represent typical boreal vegetation. Vegetation dynamics in acidic grassland, dune slack, fen, and dune forest were interpreted as fluctuations. Vegetation changes in moist forest, dry forest, and coastal grassland showed clear signs of succession (xerophytisation and overgrowing). Vegetation dynamics of the beach community exhibited features of both natural succession and anthropogenic fluctuation.
Electrofacies in gas shale from well log data via cluster analysis: A case study of the Perth Basin, Western Australia
Authors: Torghabeh Amir , Rezaee Reza , Moussavi-Harami Reza , Pradhan Biswajeet , Kamali Mohammad , Kadkhodaie-Ilkhchi Ali 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIdentifying reservoir electrofacies has an important role in determining hydrocarbon bearing intervals. In this study, electrofacies of the Kockatea Formation in the Perth Basin were determined via cluster analysis. In this method, distance data were initially calculated and then connected spatially by using a linkage function. The dendrogram function was used to extract the cluster tree for formations over the study area. Input logs were sonic log (DT), gamma ray log (GR), resistivity log (IND), and spontaneous potential (SP). A total of 30 reservoir electrofacies were identified within this formation. Integrated geochemical and petrophysics data showed that zones with electrofacies 3, 4, 9, and 10 have potential for shale gas production. In addition, the results showed that cluster analysis is a precise, rapid, and cost-effective method for zoning reservoirs and determining electrofacies in hydrocarbon reservoirs.
A Truncated Human NKG2D Splice Isoform Negatively Regulates NKG2D-Mediated Function
Authors: Karimi Mobin A. , Aguilar Oscar A. , Zou Baixiang , Bachmann Michael H. , Carlyle James R. , Baldwin Cynthia L. , Kambayashi Taku 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Natural killer group 2, member D (NKG2D) is a stimulatory receptor expressed by NK cells and a subset of T cells. NKG2D is crucial in diverse aspects of innate and adaptive immune functions. In this study, we characterize a novel splice variant of human NKG2D that encodes a truncated receptor lacking the ligand-binding ectodomain. This truncated NKG2D (NKG2DTR) isoform was detected in primary human NK and CD8+ T cells. Overexpression of NKG2DTR severely attenuated cell killing and IFN-γ release mediated by full-length NKG2D (NKG2DFL). In contrast, specific knockdown of endogenously expressed NKG2DTR enhanced NKG2D-mediated cytotoxicity, suggesting that NKG2DTR is a negative regulator of NKG2DFL. Biochemical studies demonstrated that NKG2DTR was bound to DNAX-activated protein of 10 kDa (DAP10) and interfered with the interaction of DAP10 with NKG2DFL. In addition, NKG2DTR associated with NKG2DFL, which led to forced intracellular retention, resulting in decreased surface NKG2D expression. Taken together, these data suggest that competitive interference of NKG2D/DAP10 complexes by NKG2DTR constitutes a novel mechanism for regulation of NKG2D-mediated function in human CD8+ T cells and NK cells.
Feasible Dose Reduction in Routine Chest Computed Tomography Maintaining Constant Image Quality Using the Last Three Scanner Generations: From Filtered Back Projection to Sinogram-affirmed Iterative Reconstruction and Impact of the Novel Fully Integrated Detector Design Minimizing Electronic Noise
Authors: Ebner Lukas , Knobloch Felix , Huber Adrian , Landau Julia , Ott Daniel , Heverhagen Johannes T , Christe Andreas 
Published: August 2014

Objective:The aim of the present study was to evaluate a dose reduction in contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography (CT) by comparing the three latest generations of Siemens CT scanners used in clinical practice. We analyzed the amount of radiation used with filtered back projection (FBP) and an iterative reconstruction (IR) algorithm to yield the same image quality. Furthermore, the influence on the radiation dose of the most recent integrated circuit detector (ICD; Stellar detector, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) was investigated.Materials and Methods:136 Patients were included. Scan parameters were set to a thorax routine: SOMATOM Sensation 64 (FBP), SOMATOM Definition Flash (IR), and SOMATOM Definition Edge (ICD and IR). Tube current was set constantly to the reference level of 100 mA automated tube current modulation using reference milliamperes. Care kV was used on the Flash and Edge scanner, while tube potential was individually selected between 100 and 140 kVp by the medical technologists at the SOMATOM Sensation. Quality assessment was performed on soft-tissue kernel reconstruction. Dose was represented by the dose length product.Results:Dose-length product (DLP) with FBP for the average chest CT was 308 mGy*cm ± 99.6. In contrast, the DLP for the chest CT with IR algorithm was 196.8 mGy*cm ± 68.8 (P= 0.0001). Further decline in dose can be noted with IR and the ICD: DLP: 166.4 mGy*cm ± 54.5 (P= 0.033). The dose reduction compared to FBP was 36.1% with IR and 45.6% with IR/ICD. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was favorable in the aorta, bone, and soft tissue for IR/ICD in combination compared to FBP (thePvalues ranged from 0.003 to 0.048). Overall contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) improved with declining DLP.Conclusion:The most recent technical developments, namely IR in combination with integrated circuit detectors, can significantly lower radiation dose in chest CT examinations.
Can We Relinquish the Transcendental?
Authors: Malabou Catherine 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT
Is contemporary continental European philosophy preparing itself to break with Kant? An attack upon supposedly indestructible structures of knowledge is happening today: finitude of the subject, phenomenal given, a priori synthesis. “Relinquishing the transcendental”: such is the leading project of postcritical thinking in the early twenty-first century as it appears in Quentin Meillassoux's book After Finitude. Some questions that we thought could never be raised after the Critique of Pure Reason are reappearing with a renewed force: Was Kant genuinely able to deduce categories instead of imposing them, to prove the necessity of nature, to found the difference between “a priori” and “innate”? Should we consider, on the contrary, that the “problem of Hume”—the existence of an irreducible contingency of the world—has never been settled by the Transcendental Deduction? Such a claim implies that we are provided a sufficiently convincing concept of the irregularity of the laws of nature and of the possibility of a totally different world. Does After Finitude elaborate such concepts?
In What We Tend to Feel Is Without History: Foucault, Affect, and the Ethics of Curiosity
Authors: Guilmette Lauren 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT
This article considers how the affective turn in queer theory has been a turn away from Foucault and argues for a Foucauldian ethics of curiosity, looking to his strange prefaces- without-texts following an impasse in the Sexuality project. These reorienting outlines and abandoned analytics invite the reader to use them in resisting toxic patterns of thinking and feeling, revealing new scripts, relational virtualities, and attending with “care” to “what exists and what might exist,” to that which has been cast off in rendering ourselves intelligible.
Is a Hermeneutic Phenomenology Wide Enough? A Ricoeurian Reply to Janicaud's Phenomenology “Wide Open”
Authors: Davidson Scott 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT
More than fifteen years have now passed since the publication of Dominique Janicaud's book Phenomenology “Wide Open”; however, many of its central claims still remain unexamined. This article initiates a critical reflection on Janicaud's notion of a minimal phenomenology by way of a contrast with Paul Ricoeur's hermeneutic phenomenology. The article demonstrates that Janicaud's attempt to decouple phenomenology from hermeneutics fails due to his underestimation of their deeper connection. The notion of a minimal phenomenology remains valuable, nonetheless, for opening up some new directions for hermeneutic phenomenology, particularly an engagement with certain insights to be drawn from Deleuze.
Home Invasions: Phenomenological and Psychoanalytic Reflections on Embodiment Relations, Vulnerability, and Breakdown
Authors: McMahon Laura 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT
Through an exploration of a home invasion scene in Ingmar Bergman's Shame, this article explores the ways in which it is not only our own bodies that are vulnerable to assault but also the meaningful objects through which we expressively engage with the world, as well as the worldly context of these embodied engagements. First, I draw primarily on the work of Martin Heidegger and Maurice Merleau-Ponty in order to explore the ways in which things come to be incorporated into our bodily experience and how our vulnerability as embodied individuals is thus extended into the life of these things. Second, I engage with phenomenological accounts of home and psychoanalytic accounts of childhood development in order to argue that our extended bodily vulnerability is coextensive with our creative openness to the world. Finally, I offer some reflections on the role played by breakdown in phenomenological experience, at the level of the things through which we are “at home” to expressively extend ourselves out into the world and at the level of the sense of “homelessness” alive in the experience of anxiety.
The Silence of the Sirens: Rereading the Dialectic of Enlightenment with Kafka and Borges
Authors: Mendieta Eduardo 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT
The article rereads Horkheimer and Adorno's classic Dialectic of Enlightenment from the standpoint of animal philosophy while also offering a comparison and contrast between Odysseus and Socrates as personifications of the “animal question” that haunts all Western philosophy. The key thesis is that this question is a metaphilosophical question and that we thus have to develop a critical philosophy that is at its core also an animal philosophy.
Associação entre prática religiosa e estilo de vida saudável em escolares de Pelotas, RS
Authors: Cabistany Léo Dutra , Rombaldi Airton José 
Published: August 2014

Introdução: Dentre as condutas que podem influenciar positivamente a adoção e sustentação de hábitos saudáveis está a prática religiosa ou influência de uma religião, em função da adoção de princípios éticos. Objetivo: O estudo objetivou associar prática religiosa e estilo de vida saudável em adolescentes de terceiro ano do ensino médio de duas escolas públicas de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional de caráter transversal, com amostra de 183 estudantes, com idade mínima de 15 anos, de ambos os sexos, matriculados em duas escolas públicas estaduais da cidade de Pelotas, selecionados por conveniência. Os escolares responderam a instrumento autoaplicado contendo 118 questões e os desfechos foram relacionados à prática religiosa. Resultados: Houve associação limítrofe entre a variável idade que teve a primeira relação sexual e frequência ao culto religioso (p=0,05). Além disso, o estudo mostrou associações significantes entre ter recebido instrução religiosa e ingestão de álcool nos últimos 30 dias (p=0,03); e entre tempo assistindo televisão maior que duas horas e tempo de prática religiosa maior de 10 anos (p=0,04). Conclusão: O estudo encontrou associações distintas entre a prática religiosa e suas variáveis dependentes. Essa área de estudos deve ser investigada de forma mais abrangente, em amostras maiores e representativas, para que se possa ter evidências mais objetivas a respeito da prática religiosa e sua potencial influência sobre a saúde física dos indivíduos que professam cada tipo de crença religiosa.
The effects and correction of the geometric factor for the POES/MEPED electron flux instrument using a multisatellite comparison
Authors: Whittaker Ian C. , Rodger Craig J. , Clilverd Mark A. , Sauvaud Jean‐André 
Published: August 2014

AbstractMeasurements from the Polar‐Orbiting Environmental Satellite (POES) Medium Energy Proton and Electron Detector (MEPED) instrument are widely used in studies into radiation belt dynamics and atmospheric coupling. However, this instrument has been shown to have a complex energy‐dependent response to incident particle fluxes, with the additional possibility of low‐energy protons contaminating the electron fluxes. We test the recent Monte Carlo theoretical simulation of the instrument by comparing the responses against observations from an independent experimental data set. Our study examines the reported geometric factors for the MEPED electron flux instrument against the high‐energy resolution Instrument for Detecting Particles (IDPs) on the Detection of Electromagnetic Emissions Transmitted from Earthquake Regions satellite when they are located at similar locations and times, thereby viewing the same quasi‐trapped population of electrons. We find that the new Monte Carlo‐produced geometric factors accurately describe the response of the POES MEPED instrument. We go on to develop a set of equations such that integral electron fluxes of a higher accuracy are obtained from the existing MEPED observations. These new MEPED integral fluxes correlated very well with those from the IDP instrument (>99.9% confidence level). As part of this study we have also tested a commonly used algorithm for removing proton contamination from MEPED instrument observations. We show that the algorithm is effective, providing confirmation that previous work using this correction method is valid.
Correcting the record of volcanic stratospheric aerosol impact: Nabro and Sarychev Peak
Authors: Fromm M. , Kablick G. , Nedoluha G. , Carboni E. , Grainger R. , Campbell J. , Lewis J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSince 2010, several papers have been published that reveal a pattern of discrepancies between stratospheric aerosol data from the Optical Spectrograph and Infrared Imaging System (OSIRIS) instrument and other measurements and model simulations of volcanic plumes from Kasatochi, Sarychev Peak, and Nabro volcanoes. OSIRIS measurements show two discrepancies, a posteruption lag in aerosol onset/increase and a low bias in maximum stratospheric aerosol optical depth. Assumed robustness of the OSIRIS data drove various conclusions, some controversial, such as the contention that the June 2011 Nabro plume was strictly tropospheric, and entered the stratosphere indirectly via the Asian monsoon. Those conclusions were driven by OSIRIS data and a Smithsonian Institution report of strictly tropospheric injection heights. We address the issue of Nabro's eruption chronology and injection height, and the reasons for the OSIRIS aerosol discrepancies. We lay out the time line of Nabro injection height with geostationary image data, and stratospheric plume evolution after eruption onset using retrievals of sulfur dioxide and sulfate aerosol. The observations show that Nabro injected sulfur directly to or above the tropopause upon the initial eruption on 12/13 June and again on 16 June 2011. Next, OSIRIS data are examined for nonvolcanic and volcanically perturbed conditions. In nonvolcanic conditions OSIRIS profiles systematically terminate 1–4 km above the tropopause. Additionally, OSIRIS profiles terminate when 750 nm aerosol extinction exceeds ∼0.0025 km−1, a level that is commonly exceeded after volcanic injections. Our findings largely resolve the discrepancies in published works involving OSIRIS aerosol data and offer a correction to the Nabro injection‐height and eruption chronology.
What parents want to know about the storage and use of residual newborn bloodspots
Authors: Botkin Jeffrey R. , Rothwell Erin , Anderson Rebecca A. , Goldenberg Aaron , Kuppermann Miriam , Dolan Siobhan M. , Rose Nancy C. , Stark Louisa 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTMany state newborn screening programs retain residual newborn screening bloodspots for a variety of purposes including quality assurance, biomedical research, and forensic applications. This project was designed to determine the information that prospective parents want to know about this practice. Eleven focus groups were conducted in four states. Pregnant women and their partners and parents of young children (N = 128) were recruited from the general public. Focus group participants viewed two educational movies on newborn screening and DBS retention and use. Transcripts were analyzed with qualitative methods and the results were synthesized to identify key information items. We identified 14 categories of information from the focus groups that were synthesized into seven items prospective parents want to know about residual DBS. The items included details about storage, potential uses, risks and burdens, safeguards, anonymity, return of results, and parental choice. For those state programs that retain residual dried bloodspots, inclusion of the seven things parents want to know about residual dried bloodspots in educational materials may improve parental understanding, trust, and acceptance of the retention and use of stored bloodspots. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polyurethanes containing a crystalline polyol and semiflexible urethane segments
Authors: Fernández‐d'Arlas Borja , Fernández Raquel , Runt James , Eceiza Arantxa 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTUltradrawing semicrystalline polymers is an intriguing approach to develop stiff, strong, and tough polymeric fibers. In the research field of polyurethane copolymer elastomers the term “soft segment” usually refers to the medium molecular weight glycol while the term “hard segment” stands for the urethane rich or isocyanate‐short glycol segments. Here we investigate the influence of semiflexible segment content in the urethane rich phase on the mechanical properties and morphology of polyurethanes synthesized with a crystalline polyol as a “soft” segment. Materials with lower semiflexible urethane segment content developed stiffer and stronger materials upon drawing. This was related to greater soft segment crystallization along the draw direction. Materials with a higher fraction of semiflexible urethane segments were more elastic (higher yield strains and strengths) but exhibited more brittle‐like fracture. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41281.
Utility of GATA3 immunohistochemistry for diagnosis of metastatic breast carcinoma in cytology specimens
Authors: Braxton David R. , Cohen Cynthia , Siddiqui Momin T. 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundGATA3 as a diagnostic marker of metastatic breast carcinoma in cytology specimens has not been fully established.MethodsMetastatic breast carcinoma was assessed for GATA3, mammaglobin, and GCDFP‐15 immunohistochemistry on cell blocks. GATA3 was scored by intensity (0, negative; 1, weakly positive; 2, moderately positive; 3, strongly positive), and area (0–100%). Mammaglobin (MMG) and GCDFP‐15 staining was scored qualitatively (positive vs. negative). Results were correlated with specimen type (fine‐needle aspiration vs. body fluid), breast prognostic markers estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), Her‐2/Neu (Her2), and Ki67, and with each other. Statistical significance was determined by chi‐squared test and ANOVA for numerical variables. Alpha was set as 0.05. A total of 40 CB specimens containing metastatic breast carcinoma were studied.ResultsGATA3 was positive in 32 (80%) cases. All ER‐positive cases (n = 25) were positive for GATA3. Conversely, all GATA3‐negative cases (n = 8) were triple‐negative breast cancers. On qualitative univariate analysis, GATA3 was statistically associated with ER (P = 0.0001), and PR (P = 0.0468). GATA3 intensity was statistically associated with ER (P ≤ 0.0001), PR (P = 0.0157), Her2 (P = 0.0256), and cancer category (P = 0.0127). GATA3 staining was statistically associated with ER (P ≤ 0.0001), PR (P = 0.0160), Her2 (P = 0.0451), and cancer category (P = 0.0002). MMG and GCDFP‐15 were directly compared to GATA3 in 35 samples. The sensitivity was 86% for GATA3, 26% for MMG, and 14% for GCDFP‐15.ConclusionGATA3 is a more sensitive diagnostic marker of metastatic breast carcinoma in CB samples than MMG and GCDFP‐15. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015;43:271–277. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.