bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preconsultation compassion video to reduce anxiety among patients referred to a cancer centre: a randomised control trial
Authors: Winn Christine , Grana Generosa , Mazzarelli Anthony , Nicholson Andrea , Mykulowycz Kristine , Obiakor Chidinma , Bair Alicia , Trzeciak Stephen , Roberts Brian 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveAnxiety is common among patients attending an initial oncology consultation. The objective of this trial was to test if an enhanced compassion video emailed to patients prior to their initial oncology consultation reduces anxiety compared with being sent an information-only introduction video.Methods and analysisWe conducted a randomised control trial at a single university-based cancer centre between May 2021 and October 2023. We enrolled adult patients scheduled for an initial cancer consultation. Subjects underwent simple 1:1 randomisation to receive either a standard introduction video or an enhanced compassion video via email. Investigators and subjects were blinded to allocation. The primary outcome was degree of anxiety on arrival to the initial oncology consultation, measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS).ResultsOf 1005 subjects randomised to the standard video and 1038 to the enhanced compassion video, 183 and 179 subjects completed the HADS-anxiety in each group, respectively. Only 25% reported watching their assigned video. There was no difference in degree of anxiety between the standard or compassion video groups using intention to treat analysis (median (IQR) 7 (4–10) vs 7 (4–10), p value=0.473)) or per-protocol analysis (limited to subjects who reported watching the video) (median (IQR) 7 (4–10) (n=45) vs 7 (5–10) (n=46), p value=0.997).ConclusionReceiving an enhanced compassion video did not reduce anxiety compared with a standard introduction video. Given 25% of subjects reported watching their assigned video, future research should focus on identifying interventions at the point-of-care to reduce anxiety.Trial registration numberNCT04503681.
Interventions for improving the health and socioeconomic well-being of young parents in Africa: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Odunga Sally Atieno , Machoka Beryl , Jesang Glorious , Mugo Grace Kathure , Munyasa Winnan Lucia , Mukabana Sheila , Maina Beatrice W , Ajayi Anthony Idowu , Kabiru Caroline W 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionEarly childbearing is highly prevalent in Africa. Despite the harmful consequences of early childbearing on young people, there is limited documentation of interventions that aim to improve the health and socioeconomic well-being of young parents on the continent. In this systematic review, we will map and provide a critical synthesis of interventions that aim to improve the health and socioeconomic well-being of young parents in Africa to inform future policy and programmatic decision-making.Methods and analysisThe systematic review will adhere to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. We will conduct an electronic search of peer-reviewed articles published in six databases: PubMed, Science Direct, AJOL, JSTOR, ERIC and Google Scholar. We will also search for grey literature through Google search and organisations’ websites to broaden the number of interventions retrieved. Articles will be included if (1) the study participants are young mothers and fathers aged 10–24 years, (2) the article reports on interventions targeting young mothers and fathers in Africa or individual countries in Africa, (3) the article is published in English or French, (4) the article reports on health and socioeconomic well-being outcomes and (5) the article was published between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2023. We will extract relevant information from articles that meet the inclusion criteria and synthesise data using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Two reviewers will independently screen articles for inclusion, extract data from included articles and assess the methodological quality of studies.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for the systematic review since we are synthesising publicly available publications. Findings from this systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and further disseminated in conferences and convenings focusing on the health and socioeconomic well-being of young parents.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023464828.
Association of fear of falling with performance-based physical function and low back pain in older adults: a cross-sectional study in Iran
Authors: Khodadadi Zeinab , ShahAli Shabnam , Hejazi Anahita , Shanbehzadeh Sanaz 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesThis study investigated the association of fear of falling with performance-based physical function and low back pain (LBP) among older adults.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingParticipants were selected via convenient sampling from Iran University orthopaedic and/or physiotherapy outpatient clinics, between March 2022 and April 2023.Participants140 subjects with and without LBP, aged over 60 years, were included.Outcome measuresThe Falls Efficacy Scale International was used to measure fear of falling. A baseline questionnaire inquired about LBP. Participants performed the Timed Up and Go, 30 s Sit-To-Stand (30s-STS), single leg stance with open and closed eyes and gait speed tests to assess performance-based physical function. Demographic variables including age, gender and body mass index were considered as potential covariates. Bivariate and multivariable linear regression analyses were used to investigate the associations.ResultsA significant association between fear of falling and the 30s-STS test score (β=−0.30, 95% CI −1.27 to –0.28; p=0.00) and the sex (β=0.31, 95% CI 1.53 to 4.83; p=0.00) was confirmed in multivariable analyses. LBP and other performance-based physical function tests were not associated with a fear of falling.ConclusionFear of falling was significantly associated with lower extremity muscle function, measured by the 30s-STS test and female gender. Older adults with a fear of falling could benefit from interventions that improve lower extremity muscle function. Also, the observed association between the fear of falling and the female sex confirms the need for effective interventions to reduce the fear of falling among older women.
Safety-netting strategies for primary and emergency care: a codesign study with patients, carers and clinicians in Sweden
Authors: Wannheden Carolina , Hagman Johanna , Riggare Sara , Pukk Härenstam Karin , Fernholm Rita 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesTo codesign safety-netting strategies for primary and emergency care settings by integrating the experiences and ideas of patients, carers and clinicians.DesignA codesign process involving two focus group discussions, eight individual interviews and five workshops. All sessions were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis and reported using the Consolidated criteria for Reporting Qualitative research guidelines.SettingPrimary and emergency care in Sweden, focusing on the Stockholm region.Participants7 (5 women) individuals with patient expertise, 1 (man) individual with carer expertise, 18 (12 women) individuals with clinical expertise.ResultsThree main categories reflecting strategies for applying safety-netting were developed: first,conveying safety-netting advice, which involves understanding patient concerns, tailoring communication and using appropriate modalities for communicating; second,ensuring common understanding,which involves summarising information, asking a teach-back question and anticipating questions post consultation; and third,supporting safety-netting behaviour,which involves facilitating reconsultation, helping patients and carers to navigate the health system and explaining the care context and its purpose.ConclusionsOur study highlights the collaborative nature of safety-netting, engaging both the clinician and patient, sometimes supported by carers, in an iterative process. Adding to previous research, our study also emphasises the importance of anticipating postconsultation inquiries and facilitating reconsultation.
Parental stress, depression, anxiety and participation to care in neonatal intensive care units: results of a prospective study in Italy, Brazil and Tanzania
Authors: Lazzerini Marzia , Barcala Coutinho do Amaral Gomez Dafne , Azzimonti Gaetano , Bua Jenny , Brandão Neto Waldemar , Brasili Luca , Travan Laura , Barradas de Souza Juliana , D'Alessandro Michele , Plet Sabrina , de Souza Lima Geisy Maria , Ndile Emmanuel Abraham , Ermacora Maddalena , Valente Emanuelle Pessa , Dalena Paolo , Mariani Ilaria 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundStudies comparing the frequency of different mental health conditions across different settings and evaluating their association with parental participation in newborn care are lacking. We aimed at evaluating the frequency of parental stress, anxiety and depression, along with the level of participation in newborn care, among parents of newborns in Italy, Brazil and Tanzania.MethodsParental stress, anxiety, depression and participation in care were assessed prospectively in parents of newborns in eight neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) utilising: the Parental Stressor Scale in NICU (PSS:NICU); the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and EPDS-Anxiety subscale (EPDS-A); the Index of Parental Participation in NICU (IPP-NICU). Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted.ResultsStudy outcomes were assessed on 742 parents (Brazil=327, Italy=191, Tanzania=224). Observed scores suggested a very high frequency of stress, anxiety and depression, with an overall estimated frequency of any of the mental health condition of 65.1%, 52.9% and 58.0% in Brazil, Italy, Tanzania, respectively (p<0.001). EPDS scores indicating depression (cut-off: ≥13 for Brazil and Tanzania, ≥12 for Italy) were significantly more frequent in Tanzania (52.3%) when compared with either Brazil (35.8%) and Italy (33.3%) (p<0.001). Parental participation in care was also significantly higher in Tanzania (median IPP-NICU=24) than in the other two countries (median=21 for Brazil, 18 for Italy, p<0.001). Severe stress (PSS:NICU ≥4) was significantly more frequently reported in Brazil (22.6%), compared with Italy (4.7%) and Tanzania (0%, p<0.001). Factors independently associated with either parental stress, anxiety or depression varied by country, and a significant association with parental participation in care was lacking.ConclusionsStudy findings suggest that parental stress, anxiety and depression are extremely frequent in NICUs in all countries despite diversity in the setting, and requiring immediate action. Further studies should explore the appropriate level of parental participation in care in different settings.
The Meadoway: native meadow creation in underutilized transmission line corridors
Authors: Kotsopoulos Sarah , Turnbull Katie , Cormack Chris , Cartwright Lyndsay A. , Hayes Sue M. , Ford Brian , Shachak Rivka , Watkinson Autumn 
Published: August 2024

Across Ontario, Canada, there are over 30 000 km of transmission line corridors. With proper planning and ongoing maintenance and monitoring, these corridors have the potential to be transformed into native meadow, offering vital pathways connecting natural heritage systems and supporting wildlife movement, while promoting biodiversity, natural functions, and ecosystem health. In 2019, seeding trials were established in the Gatineau Hydro Corridor in east Toronto where a long-term meadow creation project (The Meadoway) is ongoing, to evaluate the effectiveness of herbicide treatment (glyphosate), sowing method, and sowing season on seeding success with the goal of informing site-specific meadow creation techniques. Seed mixes included a variety of native grasses and forbs and were dominated by copper savannah grass ( Sorghastrum nutans), big bluestem ( Andropogon gerardii), little bluestem ( Schizachyrium scoparium), and switch grass ( Panicum virgatum). Overall, fall or winter seeding with herbicide led to the highest seeding success. There was no difference in the effectiveness of hand seeding or using the seed drill. The results of this work provide valuable insights into effective seeding techniques to improve seeding success and also highlight the benefits of in situ experimentation to inform meadow creation techniques.
Coesite-bearing garnet xenocrysts from diatexite in the Nordøyane domain, Western Gneiss Region, Norway: implications for eclogite-melt interaction at ultra-high pressure
Authors: Jamieson R.A. , Hilchie L. , Myrer B. 
Published: August 2024

Ultra-high-pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks in the Western Gneiss Region (WGR) of Norway formed in subducted Baltican crust during the Scandian phase of the Caledonian orogeny. In the Nordøyane UHP domain, eclogites locally preserve coesite and microdiamond. Along the north coasts of Haramsøya and Flemsøya, in situ eclogite bodies are surrounded by dioritic “diatexite selvages” containing abundant eclogitic enclaves and xenocrysts. In one location eclogite and diatexite are associated with a quartz diorite dyke that is highly contaminated with eclogitic material. The diatexite matrix and dyke have similar plagioclase + quartz + biotite assemblages with abundant embayed and fragmented garnet and clinopyroxene xenocrysts. Coesite is present in some garnet xenocrysts but has not been found in the adjacent eclogite bodies. Pressure–temperature ( P– T) estimates from in situ eclogites range from 2.2–3.2 GPa and 810–840 °C, spanning the quartz–coesite transition, with P– T estimates from xenocrysts spanning a wider range. Diorites and retrogressed eclogites record amphibolite-facies conditions, ca. 1.0–1.5 GPa and 700–800 °C. The wide range and large uncertainties in P– T estimates reflect high-temperature re-equilibration and a relative lack of P-sensitive assemblages. Differences in texture, composition, and included assemblages indicate that the xenocrysts were not derived from the nearby eclogite bodies. By implication, their dioritic hosts were not locally derived but must have originated from a different, probably deeper, source. The results are integrated with a numerical model for WGR tectonic evolution to assess the sources of the melts and their possible effects on the exhumation of UHP rocks in western Norway.
The potential of QQQ in the anisotropic background
Authors: Zhou Jing , Fadafan Kazem Bitaghsir , Chen Xun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this work, we use the AdS/CFT correspondence to study the behavior of a triply heavy baryon within anisotropic backgrounds. Beginning with the total action of the three quarks, we derive the balance equation for the three-quark system and compute the separation distance and potential energy. Our results reveal a consistent decrease in both the separation distance and potential energy for the A configuration and the B configuration as the anisotropy coefficient a increases. This suggests that the presence of an anisotropic background promotes the dissolution of the three-quark system. Additionally, we compare the potential energies of the A and B configurations and observe that the A configuration has a slightly smaller potential energy, suggesting greater stability compared to the B configuration.
Integrated photonuclear cross sections in the giant dipole resonance of odd-mass actinide nuclei
Authors: Kemah E. , Yakut H. , Tabar E. , Hoşgör G. , Özçetin A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study explores the integrated total photonuclear cross section (σ0) within the context of the giant dipole resonance (GDR) in odd-mass actinide nuclei. Using artificial neural networks (ANNs) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy ınference system (ANFIS) machine learning algorithms, we analyze the GDR behaviors associated with the σ0 values in these nuclei. The modeling results obtained from ANFIS and ANN are compared among themselves and with the Translational Galilean Invariant Quasiparticle Phonon Nuclear Model (TGI-QPNM) and experimental data. Machine learning analysis and TGI-QPNM results provide valuable insights into the GDR characteristics of odd-mass actinides, shedding light on their photonuclear properties. The ANFIS model has achieved an R2 value of 0.98 and an RMSE of 0.19, while the ANN model (LM) has yielded an R2 value of 0.95 and an RMSE of 0.24. These findings deepen our understanding of nuclear physics, underscoring the role of artificial intelligence techniques in deciphering complex phenomena within nuclear structures. In conclusion, our study suggests that the ANFIS model, in agreement with TGI-QPNM results, generally outperforms the ANN (LM) method and could be a more effective tool for estimating the energy-weighted sum rule for GDR.
Improving Privacy and Security of Telehealth
Authors: Tazi Faiza , Dykstra Josiah , Rajivan Prashanth , Chalil Madathil Kapil , Hughart Jiovanne , McElligott James , Votipka Daniel , Das Sanchari 
Published: August 2024

Dek :
Multidisciplinary experts’ perspectives on how to strengthen protection of patients’ health information in telehealth designs and workflows.
Natural Killer Cell Regulation of Breast Cancer Stem Cells Mediates Metastatic Dormancy
Authors: Bushnell Grace G. , Sharma Deeksha , Wilmot Henry C. , Zheng Michelle , Fashina Toluwaleke D. , Hutchens Chloe M. , Osipov Samuel , Burness Monika , Wicha Max S. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Patients with breast cancer with estrogen receptor–positive tumors face a constant risk of disease recurrence for the remainder of their lives. Dormant tumor cells residing in tissues such as the bone marrow may generate clinically significant metastases many years after initial diagnosis. Previous studies suggest that dormant cancer cells display “stem-like” properties (cancer stem cell, CSC), which may be regulated by the immune system. To elucidate the role of the immune system in controlling dormancy and its escape, we studied dormancy in immunocompetent, syngeneic mouse breast cancer models. Three mouse breast cancer cell lines, PyMT, Met1, and D2.0R, contained CSCs that displayed short- and long-term metastatic dormancy in vivo, which was dependent on the host immune system. Each model was regulated by different components of the immune system. Natural killer (NK) cells were key for the metastatic dormancy phenotype in D2.0R cells. Quiescent D2.0R CSCs were resistant to NK cell cytotoxicity, whereas proliferative CSCs were sensitive. Resistance to NK cell cytotoxicity was mediated, in part, by the expression of BACH1 and SOX2 transcription factors. Expression of STING and STING targets was decreased in quiescent CSCs, and the STING agonist MSA-2 enhanced NK cell killing. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the role of immune regulation of breast tumor dormancy and highlight the importance of utilizing immunocompetent models to study this phenomenon.
Significance: The immune system controls disseminated breast cancer cells during disease latency, highlighting the need to utilize immunocompetent models to identify strategies for targeting dormant cancer cells and reducing metastatic recurrence.
See related commentary by Cackowski and Korkaya, p. 3319
Asymptomatic Incidence of Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance and Preclinical Duration to Myeloma Diagnosis: A Modeling Study
Authors: Ji Mengmeng , Shih Yi-Hsuan , Huber John H. , Wang Mei , Feuer Eric J. , Etzioni Ruth , Wang Shi-Yi , Chang Su-Hsin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is the premalignant condition of multiple myeloma. Given a lack of population-based screening for MGUS and its asymptomatic nature, the epidemiology of MGUS remains unknown. This study estimated age- and race/ethnicity-specific MGUS incidence and preclinical duration from MGUS to multiple myeloma in the United States.

Methods:
A previously published modeling approach was used to calculate national MGUS incidence using estimates of MGUS prevalence, multiple myeloma incidence, multiple myeloma–specific and all-cause mortality, and population age distribution from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999 to 2004, and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results, 2000 to 2021. The estimated MGUS prevalence was divided by MGUS incidence to obtain preclinical duration of multiple myeloma.

Results:
MGUS incidence for non-Hispanic White (NHW) populations was 52, 86, 142, and 181 and for non-Hispanic Black (NHB) population was 110, 212, 392, and 570 per 100,000 person-years at ages 50, 60, 70, and 80 years, respectively. The average preclinical duration was 20.5 (95% confidence interval, CI, 16.5–26.1) years for the NHW population and 14.2 (95% CI, 11.5–17.6) years for the NHB population. The cumulative risk of developing MGUS in age 50 to 85 was 2.8% (95% CI, 1.7%–4.2%) for the NHW population and 6.1% (95% CI, 3.8%–10.0%) for the NHB population.

Conclusions:
NHB populations had a higher MGUS incidence rate at all ages and a shorter preclinical duration of multiple myeloma compared to their NHW counterparts.

Impact:
This study provides insights into the epidemiology of MGUS and enhances our understanding of the natural history of multiple myeloma.
See related In the Spotlight, p. 1547
Rapid Learning of Temporal Dependencies at Multiple Timescales
Authors: Smith Cybelle M. , Thompson-Schill Sharon L. , Schapiro Anna C. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Our environment contains temporal information unfolding simultaneously at multiple timescales. How do we learn and represent these dynamic and overlapping information streams? We investigated these processes in a statistical learning paradigm with simultaneous short and long timescale contingencies. Human participants (n = 96) played a game where they learned to quickly click on a target image when it appeared in one of nine locations, in eight different contexts. Across contexts, we manipulated the order of target locations: at a short timescale, the order of pairs of sequential locations in which the target appeared; at a longer timescale, the set of locations that appeared in the first versus the second half of the game. Participants periodically predicted the upcoming target location, and later performed similarity judgments comparing the games based on their order properties. Participants showed context-dependent sensitivity to order information at both short and long timescales, with evidence of stronger learning for short timescales. We modeled the learning paradigm using a gated recurrent network trained to make immediate predictions, which demonstrated multilevel learning timecourses and patterns of sensitivity to the similarity structure of the games that mirrored human participants. The model grouped games with matching rule structure and dissociated games based on low-level order information more so than high-level order information. The work shows how humans and models can rapidly and concurrently acquire order information at different timescales.