bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The need to improve double‐loop learning and design‐construction feedback loops
Authors: Henderson James R. , Ruikar Kirti D. , Dainty Andrew R.J. 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report the empirical findings of a survey aimed to investigate the need to improve cross‐phase learning between design and construction. Through exploring the need to introduce a design‐construction feedback loop, combined with the barriers against its development, an expansion of knowledge surrounding the deficiencies of current practice is provided.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reports the results from an online survey conducted in spring 2011 targeted at experienced personnel in the planning, design, construction and facilities management phases of healthcare infrastructure projects.FindingsThe current approach of detecting and correcting errors is significantly hindering the extent to which learning from previous experiences is taking place. It is shown that improved integration between design and construction is required in the form of improved feedback if continuous improvement in the areas of efficiency, quality, value and general learning from previous experiences/projects is to be achieved.Research limitations/implicationsThe focused population of this study limits the extent to which the findings can be generalised. However, it is viewed that this context is potentially one of the most complex and unique project participant arrangements to overcome. Therefore if the need and ability to share learning outcomes across such a complex arrangement can be achieved, then it may be easier within traditional arrangements.Practical implicationsThe practical implications of moving away from single‐loop learning towards a double‐loop learning approach are provided.Originality/valueThis paper identifies that there is a distinct need for further efforts to be applied in the area of improving feedback between the phases of design and construction.
Human resource diversity in the United Arab Emirates: empirical study
Authors: Yaghi Abdulfattah , Yaghi Ihsan 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe United Arab Emirates (UAE) is one of the few countries where nationals make up less than 20 percent of the total population and less than 2 percent of the workforce. Hence organizations in the public and private sectors are highly diverse in terms of their employees' nationality, language, religion, race, and gender. The purpose of this paper is to examine how employees perceive human resource diversity and what they consider successful diversity to be.Design/methodology/approachThe main research instrument is a questionnaire which measures diversity in human resources. Exploratory factor analysis, multiple regression, and descriptive statistics were used in order to analyze 795 survey responses.FindingsThe findings reveal that perception of human resource diversity in the UAE vary by employees' gender, educational level, nationality, professional experience, job level, previous experience in diverse workplace, and second language competency. Analysis of employees' responses helped to construct a four‐factor model, which can be utilized to improve diversity practices in organizations.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the literature on the UAE is limited, the study proposes four factors needed to achieve perceived successful diversity practices: legal, personnel, bureaucratic, and political factors. Researchers are encouraged to use comparative approaches to test the proposed model.Originality/valueThe study offers important insights for researchers and practitioners of human resource management in the UAE.
A comparison of different models to meet the mental health needs of adults with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Sheehan Rory , Paschos Dimitrios 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThere is ongoing discussion around how to structure psychiatric services to meet the needs of people with intellectual disability and co‐morbid mental illness and several different models have been suggested. With research evidence lacking, there is a lack of consensus as to the best model of service provision. This paper aims to review the current knowledge in this area and discuss the salient issues.Design/methodology/approachThis is a review article summarising the current debate. Evidence from original research is presented and combined with opinion from clinical experience.FindingsThe authors find a lack of robust research evidence to support any particular model of service provision. However, it seems to be increasingly accepted that purely generic models of care for people with intellectual disabilities and co‐morbid mental illness are not appropriate. Integration of the expertise from specialist services within mainstream services is presented as potentially the most advantageous approach.Originality/valueThis article will be of benefit to clinicians working in the field of intellectual disability and mental illness, and to managers and commissioners with responsibility for providing services. It will also be useful for those new to the discipline to gain an overview of the current issues and debate within service planning for this population.
Float‐transient electromagnetic method: in‐loop transient electromagnetic measurements on Lake Holzmaar, Germany
Authors: Mollidor L. , Tezkan B. , Bergers R. , Löhken J. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTLake sediments may serve as archives on paleoclimatic fluctuations, geomagnetic field variations and volcanic activities. Lake Holzmaar in Eifel/Germany is a maar lake and its lacustrine sediments provide paleoclimatic proxy data. Therefore, knowledge about the geometry and, especially, about the thickness of the sediments is very important for determining an optimum drilling location for paleoclimatic studies.We have developed a floating in‐loop transient electromagnetic method field set up (Float‐transient electromagnetic method) with a transmitter and receiver size of 18 × 18 m2 and 6 × 6 m2 respectively. This special set up enables in‐loop transient electromagnetic method measurements on the surface of freshwater lakes that define the geometry and the thickness of sediments beneath such lakes thus helping to determine optimum drilling locations. Due to the modular design of the new Float‐transient electromagnetic method field set up, this system can be handled by two operators and can easily be transported.Sixteen in‐loop soundings were carried out on the surface of Lake Holzmaar. The transient electromagnetic method data could not be interpreted by conventional 1D inversions because of the 3D distribution of subsurface conductivity caused by the lake's geometry. Three‐dimensional finite element modelling was applied to explain the observed transients and the 3D conductivity distribution beneath the lake was recovered by taking its geometry into account. The 3D interpretation revealed approximately 55 m thick sediments beneath 20 m deep water in the central part of the lake.
Dynamics of Inventor Networks and the Evolution of Technology Clusters
Authors: He Jiang , Fallah M. Hosein 
Published: April 2013

AbstractClusters are important drivers of regional economic growth. Although their benefits are well recognized, research into their evolution is still ongoing. Most real‐world clusters seem to have emerged spontaneously without deliberate policy interventions, each cluster having its own evolutionary path. Since there is a significant gap in our understanding of the forces driving their evolution, this study uses a quantitative approach to investigate the role of inventor collaboration networks in it. Inventor collaboration networks for 30 top‐performing American metropolitan clusters were constructed on the basis of patent co‐authorship data. The selected clusters operate in hi‐tech fields: information technology, communications equipment and the biopharmaceutical industry. Starting from a widely accepted hypothesis that the ‘small‐world’ structure is an optimal one for knowledge spillovers and promotes innovation effectively, the authors statistically tested the impact of ‘small‐world’ network properties on cluster innovation performance proxied by patent output. The results suggest that the effect of the small‐world structure is not as significant as theorists hypothesized, not all clusters benefit from the presence of inventor collaboration networks, and cluster performance can be affected by policy interventions. Our analyses also suggest that cluster typology moderates the impact of inventor network properties on cluster innovation performance.
marked: an R package for maximum likelihood and Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis of capture–recapture data
Authors: Laake Jeff L. , Johnson Devin S. , Conn Paul B. 
Published: April 2013

Summary

We describe an open‐source r package, marked, for analysis of mark–recapture data to estimate survival and animal abundance.

Currently, marked is capable of fitting Cormack–Jolly–Seber (CJS) and Jolly–Seber models with maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) and CJS models with Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods. The CJS models can be fitted with MLE using optimization code in R or with Automatic Differentiation Model Builder. The latter allows incorporation of random effects.

Some package features include: (i) individual‐specific time intervals between sampling occasions, (ii) generation of optimization starting values from generalized linear model approximations and (iii) prediction of demographic parameters associated with unique combinations of individual and time‐specific covariates.

We demonstrate marked with a commonly analysed European dipper (Cinclus cinclus) data set.

The package will be most useful to ecologists with large mark–recapture data sets and many individual covariates.
The effects of cannabis use expectancies on self‐initiated cannabis cessation
Authors: Boden Matthew Tyler , McKay James R. , Long W. Robert , Bonn‐Miller Marcel O. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimsTo prospectively investigate the relation between cannabis use expectancies and cannabis use prior to and during a self‐initiated cannabis cessation attempt.DesignCohort design that followed participants for 4 weeks following a self‐initiated cessation attempt.SettingUnited States Department of Veterans Affairs medical center.ParticipantsOne hundred cannabis dependent military veterans.MeasurementsThe Marijuana Effects Expectancy Questionnaire at baseline; the timeline follow‐back procedure at baseline and during the cessation attempt.FindingsCannabis use at baseline was associated with positive (P = 0.01), but not negative (P = 0.25), expectancies. Cannabis lapse was associated with positive (P = 0.03) and negative expectancies (P = 0.01), and relapse was associated with positive (P = 0.04), but not negative (P = 0.21), expectancies. The trajectory of average cannabis use during the cessation period was associated with positive (P = 0.03), but not negative (P = 0.96), expectancies. Results were similar in effect and statistical significance when adjusting for demographic factors, motivation to quit cannabis, mental disorder diagnoses, and alcohol and tobacco use, and when analyzing complete data sets obtained through multiple imputation.ConclusionsIn the USA, cannabis use expectancies, especially those regarding the positive effects of cannabis use, appear to be strongly and consistently linked to cannabis use and quit failure.
Incidence and risk factors for catheter‐associated bloodstream infections in neonatal intensive care
Authors: Yumani Dana FJ , van den Dungen Frank AM , van Weissenbruch Mirjam M 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimTo determine the incidence and potential novel risk factors for catheter‐associated bloodstream infections (CABSI) in neonates.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted for infants admitted to the VU University Medical Center neonatal intensive care unit in 2007.ResultsOne hundred and ninety six infants with a total of 369 central catheters were included. The CABSI rate was 18.1 infections/1000 catheter‐days (95% CI 13.7–23.8) according to adjusted criteria used by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention prior to 2008. Umbilical catheters had a higher infection rate than nonumbilical central catheters: rate ratio (rate ratio 2.4, 95% CI 1.2–4.9). Longer umbilical catheter dwell‐time also increased infection rate (p < 0.05). Gestational age, birth weight, duration of parenteral nutrition and the administration of all‐in‐one feeding mixture versus parenteral nutrition administered in separate components were not related to infection rate in multivariate analysis.ConclusionOf all catheter types, umbilical catheters carried the highest infection rate. Longer umbilical catheter dwell‐time also increased infection rate. The present data suggest that the impact of gestational age and birth weight on infection rate is mainly due to a prolonged hospital stay. The composition, way of preparation and duration of parenteral nutrition did not seem to influence infection rate.
The safety of statins in children
Authors: Lamaida Norman , Capuano Ernesto , Pinto Laura , Capuano Eduardo , Capuano Rocco , Capuano Vincenzo 
Published: April 2013

AbstractCurrent American Academy of Pediatrics Guidelines recommended that statins should be considered as a first‐line agent in children as early as 8 years of age. The aim of our work is to assess the safety of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors in children with hypercholesterolaemia.ConclusionControlled studies in children show that statin monotherapy is efficacious, well tolerated and safe in the short‐time. Unfortunately, these studies have relatively short‐term follow‐up periods, and therefore, long‐term safety remains unclear.
A UK national survey of investigations for beta‐lactam hypersensitivity – heterogeneity in practice and a need for national guidelines – on behalf of British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology (BSACI)
Authors: Richter A. G. , Nasser S. M. , Krishna M. T. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryBackgroundBeta lactams (BL) are the most widely prescribed antibiotics in the UK and the commonest cause of hypersensitivity reactions. There are no UK guidelines for BL testing and the most relevant guidelines were devised by the European Network for Drug Allergy (ENDA) on behalf of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.ObjectiveDelivery of allergy services differs across Europe, so this survey was designed to investigate how closely UK practice adhered to these guidelines.MethodsAn online survey, using surveymonkey.com software, was sent to all consultants offering an allergy service in the UK and who were members of either BSACI or ‘Travellers’ (Immunology consultant group).ResultsThe response rate was 48% (n=81/165) and BL allergy testing was undertaken by 78% of respondents. All responders requested SsIgE, although four responders stated they rarely requested. Skin testing was undertaken by 87% of respondents who perform beta lactam testing with 17% undertaking skin prick testing (SPT) only, 77% SPT followed by intra‐dermal testing (IDT) if the former were negative or indeterminate and 6% SPT and IDT in all cases. The drugs, doses and protocols for skin testing varied considerably. Drug provocation testing was undertaken by 87% of respondents who undertake beta lactam testing with significant heterogeneity in protocols. Respondents that investigated ≤ 20 patients per year demonstrated lower adherence to ENDA recommendations compared to those who saw > 20. Following positive testing, 79% advised avoidance of all penicillins only and the remainder advised additional drug avoidance.Conclusion and clinical relevanceThis survey revealed variation in the investigation and management of BL hypersensitivity in the UK with some centres reporting procedures that could potentially put patients at risk of anaphylaxis if allergy was falsely excluded. This survey highlights an urgent need for evidence based national guidelines and standardisation of practice.
Advanced phenotyping in hypersensitivity drug reactions to NSAIDs
Authors: Ayuso P. , Blanca‐López N. , Doña I. , Torres M. J. , Guéant‐Rodríguez R. M. , Canto G. , Sanak M. , Mayorga C. , Guéant J. L. , Blanca M. , Cornejo‐García J. A. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryNon‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the medications most frequently involved in hypersensitivity drug reactions. Because NSAIDs are prescribed for many conditions, this is a world‐wide problem affecting patients of all ages. Various hypersensitivity reactions have been reported, mainly affecting the skin and/or the respiratory airways. The most frequent of these is acute urticaria, which can be induced by several different NSAIDs. Both specific and non‐specific immunological pathways have been proposed as underlying mechanisms. This review presents the clinical phenotypes and the drugs involved in NSAID hypersensitivity. Five major clinical syndromes can be distinguished: aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), aspirin‐exacerbated cutaneous disease (AECD), multiple NSAID‐induced urticaria/angioedema (MNSAID‐UA), single NSAID‐IgE reactions and single NSAID T cell responses. However, further classification is possible within these five major entities, by detailed descriptions of the clinical characteristics enabling more phenotypes to be defined. This detailed differentiation now seems required in order to undertake appropriate pharmacogenetic studies.
Screening for overt thyroid disease in early pregnancy may be preferable to searching for small aberrations in thyroid function tests
Authors: Laurberg Peter , Andersen Stine L. , Pedersen Inge B. , Andersen Stig , Carlé Allan 
Published: April 2013

SummaryThyroid hormones are important regulators of foetal development, and in recent years, there has been much focus on the screening and treatment of pregnant women for even small aberrations in thyroid function tests. We searched PubMed for publications on thyroid function and pregnancy outcomes including child cognition, and included references from the retrieved articles. Both small aberrations in thyroid function tests in early pregnancy and an increase in risk of pregnancy complications may be caused by a functional change in the uteroplacental unit. Thus, the association found in several studies between small thyroid test abnormalities and pregnancy complications may be due to confounding, and thyroid hormone therapy will have no effect. On the other hand, screening of thyroid function in early pregnancy may identify 200–300 women with undiagnosed overt hypothyroidism per 100 000 pregnancies, which is at least five times more than the number of hypothyroid newborns identified by screening. A number of studies indicate that untreated overt thyroid disease in pregnancy may lead to complications. The potential benefit of screening and early therapy is supported by evidence, indicating that even severe maternal hypothyroidism does not lead to neurocognitive deficiencies in the child, if the condition is detected and treated during the first half of pregnancy. Screening and therapy for overt thyroid dysfunction in early pregnancy may be indicated, rather than focusing on identifying and treating small aberrations in thyroid function tests.
Practitioner–mother relationships and the processes that bind them
Authors: Waterhouse Lorraine , McGhee Janice 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis paper outlines a theoretical contribution to conceptualizing practitioner–mother relationships in child protection social work. It examines what is represented when these face‐to‐face encounters takes place. It suggests an intersubjective dimension where mothers are in effect asked to give an account of themselves. Drawing on humanities and social science writing, practitioner–mother relations are examined to analyse their symbolic and literal significance and the underlying purposes and assumptions that bind them. Butler's theory of recognition is utilized to alert us to the importance of supporting the narrative capacity of women caught up in child protection processes and of allowing the mother to give an account of herself as a woman and as a mother.
Adenoma, advanced adenoma and colorectal cancer prevalence in asymptomatic 40‐ to 49‐year‐old subjects with a first‐degree family history of colorectal cancer
Authors: Del Vecchio Blanco G. , Cretella M. , Paoluzi O. A. , Caruso A. , Mannisi E. , Servadei F. , Romeo S. , Grasso E. , Sileri P. , Giannelli M. , Biancone L. , Palmieri G. , Pallone F. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimFirst‐degree relatives (FDRs) of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) have an increased CRC risk. Few studies have addressed if adenoma and advanced adenoma risk is increased among individuals, 40–49 years of age, with a family history of CRC. Therefore, the aim of the study was to define the prevalence and location of adenoma, advanced adenoma and CRC, according to age, in asymptomatic individuals with a family history of CRC.MethodRetrospective study of asymptomatic FDRs, 40 to ≥70 years of age undergoing first screening colonoscopy over a 3‐year period, of CRC patients.ResultsAmong 464 individuals studied, the prevalence of adenoma and advanced adenoma was 18.1% and 6.4%, respectively. According to age intervals, the prevalences of adenoma and advanced adenoma were 14% and 3.5%, respectively, in subjects 40–49 years of age; 14.4% and 6.3%, respectively, in subjects 50–59 years of age; 27% and 8%, respectively, in subjects 60–69 years of age; and 25% and 14%, respectively, in subjects ≥70 years of age; no significant difference was found among the four groups. No difference in lesion location was found, with similar numbers of preneoplastic lesions being present in the right colon and the left colon. CRC was diagnosed in three (0.64%) subjects, one of whom was in the 40–49 years age group.ConclusionIn our population of FDRs of CRC patients, 40–49 years of age, the prevalences of adenoma and advanced adenoma were similar to those observed in older subjects with the same CRC risk. Our data support the current indication to perform screening colonoscopy earlier than 45 years of age in subjects at high CRC risk.
Melting Lizards and Crying Mailboxes: Children's Preferential Recall of Minimally Counterintuitive Concepts
Authors: Banerjee Konika , Haque Omar S. , Spelke Elizabeth S. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPrevious research with adults suggests that a catalog of minimally counterintuitive concepts, which underlies supernatural or religious concepts, may constitute a cognitive optimum and is therefore cognitively encoded and culturally transmitted more successfully than either entirely intuitive concepts or maximally counterintuitive concepts. This study examines whether children's concept recall similarly is sensitive to the degree of conceptual counterintuitiveness (operationalized as a concept's number of ontological domain violations) for items presented in the context of a fictional narrative. Seven‐ to nine‐year‐old children who listened to a story including both intuitive and counterintuitive concepts recalled the counterintuitive concepts containing one (Experiment 1) or two (Experiment 2), but not three (Experiment 3), violations of intuitive ontological expectations significantly more and in greater detail than the intuitive concepts, both immediately after hearing the story and 1 week later. We conclude that one or two violations of expectation may be a cognitive optimum for children: They are more inferentially rich and therefore more memorable, whereas three or more violations diminish memorability for target concepts. These results suggest that the cognitive bias for minimally counterintuitive ideas is present and active early in human development, near the start of formal religious instruction. This finding supports a growing literature suggesting that diverse, early‐emerging, evolved psychological biases predispose humans to hold and perform religious beliefs and practices whose primary form and content is not derived from arbitrary custom or the social environment alone.