bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Insulin Infusion Sets in CSII for Longer Than the Recommended Usage Time Leads to a High Risk for Adverse Events
Authors: Pfützner Andreas , Sachsenheimer Daniela , Grenningloh Marco , Heschel Matthias , Walther-Johannesen Lene , Gharabli Rabi , Klonoff David 
Published: September 2015

Background: Infusion sets for use with insulin pumps are recommended for use for 2 to 3 days to avoid local skin reactions, for example, to the insulin formulation and preservatives like meta-cresol. However, many patients use the catheters longer for economic reasons. We performed this study to investigate the tolerability of 2-day use of infusion sets in comparison to 4-day use in a real-world setting. Methods: This prospective randomized controlled crossover study with 2 × 3-month observation periods was performed with 24 type 1 patients. At baseline, patients were trained on the use of the infusion system (Medtronic /Mio® or inset™ II) and randomized to any of the 2 treatment sequences. Observation parameters included glycemic control, frequency and nature of device-related, and procedure-related adverse events and patient preference. Results: The per-protocol analysis was performed with 22 patients (5 men, 17 women, age 39 ± 11 years, BMI 27.0 ± 3.5 kg/m2). The number of catheter related adverse events was 290 with 2-day use versus 495 with 4-day use ( P < .05). The overall number of treatment related events was 750 with 2-day use versus 934 with 4-day use ( P < .001). There was no difference in glycemic control between the treatment arms. Treatment satisfaction was higher with 2-day use (very high/high satisfaction: 90.4% versus 4 day-use: 77.3%, P < .05). Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that using the infusion sets for a longer usage period of 2-3 days resulted in a clinically relevant increase in treatment-related tolerability problems. Patients should be trained and encouraged not to use insulin pump infusion sets for a longer than the recommended time period.
The role of previously unmeasured organic acids in the pathogenesis of severe malaria
Authors: Herdman M. Trent , Sriboonvorakul Natthida , Leopold Stije J. , Douthwaite Sam , Mohanty Sanjib , Hassan M. Mahtab Uddin , Maude Richard J. , Kingston Hugh WF , Plewes Katherine , Charunwatthana Prakaykaew , Silamut Kamolrat , Woodrow Charles J. , Chotinavich Kesinee , Hossain Md. Amir , Faiz M. Abul , Mishra Saroj , Leepipatpiboon Natchanun , White Nicholas J. , Day Nicholas PJ , Tarning Joel , Dondorp Arjen M. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Severe falciparum malaria is commonly complicated by metabolic acidosis. Together with lactic acid (LA), other previously unmeasured acids have been implicated in the pathogenesis of falciparum malaria.

Methods
In this prospective study, we characterised organic acids in adults with severe falciparum malaria in India and Bangladesh. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to measure organic acids in plasma and urine. Patients were followed until recovery or death.

Results
Patients with severe malaria (n=138), uncomplicated malaria (n=102), sepsis (n=32) and febrile encephalopathy (n=35) were included. Strong ion gap (mean±SD) was elevated in severe malaria (8.2 mEq/L±4.5) and severe sepsis (8.6 mEq/L±7.7) compared with uncomplicated malaria (6.0 mEq/L±5.1) and encephalopathy (6.6 mEq/L±4.7). Compared with uncomplicated malaria, severe malaria was characterised by elevated plasma LA, hydroxyphenyllactic acid (HPLA), α-hydroxybutyric acid and β-hydroxybutyric acid (all P<0.05). In urine, concentrations of methylmalonic, ethylmalonic and α-ketoglutaric acids were also elevated. Multivariate logistic regression showed that plasma HPLA was a strong independent predictor of death (odds ratio [OR] 3.5, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.6–7.5, P=0.001), comparable to LA (OR 3.5, 95 % CI 1.5–7.8, P=0.003) (combined area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.81).

Conclusions
Newly identified acids, in addition to LA, are elevated in patients with severe malaria and are highly predictive of fatal outcome. Further characterisation of their sources and metabolic pathways is now needed.
Serum microRNA profiling to distinguish papillary thyroid cancer from benign thyroid masses
Authors: Graham M. Elise R. , Hart Robert D. , Douglas Susan , Makki Fawaz M. , Pinto Devanand , Butler Angela L. , Bullock Martin , Rigby Matthew H. , Trites Jonathan R. B. , Taylor S. Mark , Singh Rama 
Published: September 2015

Objectives Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is increasing in incidence. Fine needle aspiration is the gold standard for diagnosis, but results can be indeterminate. Identifying tissue and serum biomarkers, like microRNA, is therefore desirable. We sought to identify miRNA that is differentially expressed in the serum of patients with PTC. Methods Serum miRNA was quantified in 31 female thyroidectomy patients: 13 with benign disease and 18 with PTC. qPCR results were compared for significant fold-changes in 175 miRNAs, against a pooled control. Results 128 miRNA qualified for analysis. There were identifiable fold-changes in miRNA levels between benign and control, and between PTC and control. There were statistically significant fold changes in the level of four miRNAs between benign and PTC: hsa-miR-146a-5p and hsa-miR-199b-3p were down-regulated, while hsa-let7b-5p and hsa-miR-10a-5p were up-regulated. Conclusions MicroRNA is differentially expressed in the serum of patients with PTC. Serum miRNA has the potential to aid in thyroid cancer diagnosis.
IL-18-induced interaction between IMP3 and HuR contributes to COX-2 mRNA stabilization in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Ko Chiung-Yuan , Wang Wen-Ling , Li Chien-Feng , Jeng Yung-Ming , Chu Yu-Yi , Wang Han-Ying , Tseng Joseph T , Wang Ju-Ming 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia is the majority type presented in leukemia patients. Forcing malignant cells to undergo differentiation is 1 strategy for acute myeloid leukemia therapy. However, the failure of acute myeloid leukemia patients to achieve remission as a result of drug resistance remains a challenge. In this study, we found that the abundances of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-18 and its receptor (IL-18R) correlated with the occurrence of drug resistance in AML patients during standard treatment. Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) has been suggested to have an antiapoptotic role in chemoresistant cancer cells. IL-18 treatment resulted in an increase in COX-2 expression through the post-transcriptional regulation of COX-2 mRNA in differentiated U937 cells and showed antiapoptotic activity in U937 and THP-1 cells. Two RNA-binding proteins, human antigen R and insulin-like growth factor mRNA-binding protein 3, mediated the stabilization of COX-2 mRNA. IL-18 induced the shuttling of human antigen R and insulin-like growth factor mRNA-binding protein 3 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and facilitated their interaction; subsequently, this complex bound to the 3′ untranslated region of COX-2 mRNA and affected its stability. We demonstrated further that JNK and/or ERK1/2 regulated human antigen R nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, mediating IL-18 stabilization of cyclooxygenase 2 mRNA.
Cooperation of endothelin-1 signaling with melanosomes plays a role in developing and/or maintaining human skin hyperpigmentation
Authors: Murase Daiki , Hachiya Akira , Kikuchi-Onoe Mamiko , Fullenkamp Rachel , Ohuchi Atsushi , Kitahara Takashi , Moriwaki Shigeru , Hase Tadashi , Takema Yoshinori 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT
Skin hyperpigmentation is characterized by increased melanin synthesis and deposition that can cause significant psychosocial and psychological distress. Although several cytokine-receptor signaling cascades contribute to the formation of ultraviolet B-induced cutaneous hyperpigmentation, their possible involvement in other types of skin hyperpigmentation has never been clearly addressed. Since our continuous studies using skin specimens from more than 30 subjects with ethnic skin diversity emphasized a consistent augmentation in the expression of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and its receptor (Endothelin B receptor, ET-B) in hyperpigmented lesions, including senile lentigos (SLs), the precise function of ET-1 signaling was investigated in the present study. In line with previous studies, ET-1 significantly induced melanogenesis followed by increases in melanosome transport in melanocytes and in its transfer to keratinocytes while inhibition of ET-B function substantially depressed melanogenic ability in tissue-cultured SLs. Additionally, in agreement with a previous report that the formation of autophagosomes rather than melanosomes is stimulated according to starvation or defective melanosome production, ET-1 was found to remarkably augment the expression of components necessary for early melanosome formation, indicating its counteraction against autophagy-targeting melanosome degradation in melanocytes. Despite the lack of substantial impact of ET-1 on keratinocyte melanogenic functions, the expression of ET-1 was enhanced following melanosome uptake by keratinocytes. Taken together, our data suggest that ET-1 plays a substantial role in the development and/or maintenance of skin hyperpigmentation in reciprocal cooperation with increased melanosome incorporation.
Novel Development for Fabrication of Size- and Morphology-controlled Titanylphthalocyanine Nanocrystals
Authors: Kikuchi Takuya , Kogure Kaito , Onodera Tsunenobu , Oikawa Hidetoshi , Kasai Hitoshi 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Titanylphthalocyanine takes various crystal polymorphism. The titanylphthalocyanine with Y-form shows excellent optical and photoelectric conversion. However, preparing the Y-form titanylphthalocyanine nanocrystals smaller than 200 nm is difficult. Here, we prepared Y-form titanylphthalocyanine nanocrystals smaller than 100 nm in a mixed solvent of phosphoric acid as a good solvent and a mixture of water and methyl ethyl ketone as a poor solvent. The size of the Y-form titanylphthalocyanine nanocrystals was controlled by changing the temperature of the poor solvent.
Book Reviews
Authors: Bolt Barbara , Al-Yahiayi Fakhriya 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Art as Research: Opportunities and Challenges, Shaun McNiff (eds) (2013) Bristol, UK: Intellect, 233 pp., ISBN: 9781783200016, p/bk, £13.00
Arts-based Research: A Critique and a Proposal, jan jagodzinski and Jason Wallin (2013) Rotterdam: Sense Publishers, 230 pp., ISBN: 9789462091832, p/bk, US$54.00
Bullying and labelling as communication tools of control and domination
Authors: Hashem Mahboub 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Good communication skills are vital for success in life. In any conversation, involved parties may feel their personality is vulnerable and under attack. Likewise, we may quite often initiate a discussion with others about anything and unexpectedly find ourselves under attack by someone. The main reason is that someone began to feel insecure. Any time we feel insecure in a discussion we use one of the following strategies: fighting through bullying, labelling, name-calling, cynicism, antagonism; or dodging via the use of silence, avoiding others, or hiding our feelings. Consequently, effective communication retreats and the dialogue moves away from the subject matter towards protecting the self by resorting to defensive communication. Interacting defensively might look like we are still conversing over the subject matter; however, in reality, we are fighting about each other’s worries; yet we conceivably do not even comprehend ourselves or others in the process. In addition, we may not grasp what one says that triggered the other person’s vulnerability. This article looks at the extent to which Middle Eastern people use labelling and bullying as communication tools of control and domination along with the effects of using these tools on themselves, their parents and the wider societies. An exploratory survey was conducted to collect data. Key findings reveal that males and females using labelling and bullying derive satisfaction of that use. About 21.4 per cent of males and 11.1 per cent of females revealed that they were never taught or trained on ethical behaviours or about avoiding labelling and bullying others in their lives at home and/or in school. Moreover, the study shows that a great majority of bullied and labelled subjects reported to have refrained from informing their school administrators, teachers and parents that they were bullied and labelled by other classmates or peers. Due to the significance of these results, this study recommends that parents and educators should take urgent measures in order to prevent the negative effects of these communication tools on vulnerable individuals in society.
Visible and invisible: An audience study of Muslim and non-Muslim reactions to orientalist representations in I Dream of Jeannie
Authors: Bullock Katherine 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Most Muslims lay the blame for the perpetuation of societal prejudice against Islam and Muslims at the feet of the media. Media scholars regularly confirm that negative stereotypes prevail in contemporary western media. Yet there are differences between media representation and the effects on actual people’s attitudes. Empirical research is needed to find out if negative media stereotypes of Muslims, Arabs and Islam are actually linked to widespread societal Islamophobia. This article traces audience reactions to a 1960s U.S. sitcom, I Dream of Jeannie, a show replete with ‘orientalist’ representations of Arabs and genies linked to the collection of traditional stories called The Arabian Nights: Tales from a Thousand and One Nights. The main research finding is that while a variety of responses were uncovered, a consistent difference between non-Muslim and Muslim reactions became apparent: only Muslims noticed orientalist stereotyping the show. I conclude that if North American society is to move beyond Islamophobia and forward to building bridges and integrating Muslims without discrimination into wider society, this cannot be done where non-Muslims do not see negative media stereotypes about Muslims.
Mathematical analysis of time flow
Authors: Hilfer Rudolf 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The mathematical analysis of time flow in
physical many-body systems leads to the study of long-time limits.
This article discusses the interdisciplinary
problem of local stationarity,
how stationary solutions can remain slowly
time dependent after a long-time limit.
A mathematical definition of almost invariant
and nearly indistinguishable states on C*-algebras
is introduced using functions of bounded mean oscillation.
Rescaling of time yields generalized time flows
of almost invariant and macroscopically indistinguishable
states, that are mathematically
related to stable convolution semigroups and fractional
calculus.
The infinitesimal generator is a fractional
derivative of order less than or equal to unity.
Applications of the analysis are given to
irreversibility and to a physical experiment.
Weighted mixed spherical means and singular ultrahyperbolic equation
Authors: Lyakhov Lev N. , Shishkina Elina L. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWeighted mixed spherical means are constructed by using a generalized shift (in a Euclidian space a generalized shift acts with respect to one variable and a usual shift acts with respect to other variables). We obtain the differential equation for weighted mixed spherical mean and prove theorems on weighted mixed spherical means applied to the solution of the B-ultrahyperbolic equation.
Short Peptides in Minimalistic Biocatalyst Design
Authors: Duncan Krystyna L. , Ulijn Rein V. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe review recent developments in the use of
short peptides in the design of minimalistic biocatalysts
focusing on ester hydrolysis. A number of designed peptide
nanostructures are shown to have (modest) catalytic
activity. Five features are discussed and illustrated by
literature examples, including primary peptide sequence,
nanosurfaces/scaffolds, binding pockets, multivalency
and the presence of metal ions. Some of these are derived
from natural enzymes, but others, such as multivalency
of active sites on designed nanofibers, may give rise to
new features not found in natural enzymes. Remarkably,
it is shown that each of these design features give rise to
similar rate enhancements in ester hydrolysis. Overall,
there has been significant progress in the development of
fundamental understanding of the factors that influence
binding and activity in recent years, holding promise for
increasingly rational design of peptide based biocatalysts.
Structure performance of UVA and UVB light irradiated poly-p-phenylene benzobisoxazole fiber (PBO)
Authors: Tan Yanjun , Liu Changnan , Huo Qian , Liu Shurui , Ma Jiali 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
By UVA and UVB irradiating, the performance of poly-p-phenylene benzobisoxazole (PBO) fiber is changed with an increase in irradiation time, and the surface morphology, chemical structure, mechanical performance and thermal properties of the fiber are poorer. After 320-h irradiation, the properties of the PBO fiber irradiated by UVB are stronger than those irradiated by UVA. The strength of PBO fiber irradiated by UVB and UVA declined by 40% and 20%, respectively, than that of non-irradiated fiber. The roughness of fiber surface improved, and there was corrosion on the surface of PBO fiber irradiated by UVB. After the UV irradiation, the degree of macromolecule crystallinity and orientation changed, the macromolecule chain is broken, new groups (-NO2) are produced in the PBO fiber, and the temperature (660°C) of the thermolysis is decreased by 100°C from that of fibril.
A weighty problem: metabolic perturbations and the obesity-cancer link
Authors: O’Flanagan Ciara H. , Bowers Laura W. , Hursting Stephen D. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Obesity is an established risk factor for several cancers, including breast, colon, endometrial, ovarian, gastric, pancreatic and liver, and is increasingly a public health concern. Obese cancer patients often have poorer prognoses, reduced response to standard treatments, and are more likely to develop metastatic disease than normo-weight individuals. Many of the pathologic features of obesity promote tumor growth, such as metabolic perturbations, hormonal and growth factor imbalances, and chronic inflammation. Although obesity exacerbates tumor development, the interconnected relationship between the two conditions presents opportunities for new treatment approaches, some of which may be more successful in obese cohorts. Here, we discuss the many ways in which excess adiposity can impact cancer development and progression and address potential preventive and therapeutic strategies to reduce the burden of obesity-related cancers.
Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of Adsorption and
Inhibitive Properties of Tween 80 on Corrosion of Aluminum Alloy
(A5754) in Alkaline Media
Authors: Abd El-Rehim Sayed S. , Hassan Hamdy H. , Deyab Mohamed Abdel Moneim , Abd El Moneim Ahamed 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The inhibition behavior of Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate
(Tween 80) as a non-toxic corrosion inhibitor for aluminum alloy
(A5754) was investigated in 0.5 M NaOH solution by
means of polarization measurement and quantum chemistry
method. A significant inhibition in the corrosion rate of A5754 in
NaOH solution was observed in the presence of Tween 80. As
a result of adsorption of the inhibitor on the metal surface, the
inhibition of this compound increases with its concentration but
decreases with temperature. Polarization curves showed that Tween 80
acted as mixed inhibitor. The adsorption of Tween 80 obeys the
Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Comprehensive adsorption (physisorption
and chemisorption) of the inhibitor molecules on the A5754 surface was
suggested based on the thermodynamic adsorption
parameters. Correlation between quantum chemical calculations and
inhibition efficiency of the investigated compounds was
discussed using DFT method.
Hormonal circadian rhythms in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia: identifying optimal monitoring times and novel disease biomarkers
Authors: Debono Miguel , Mallappa Ashwini , Gounden Verena , Nella Aikaterini A , Harrison Robert F , Crutchfield Christopher A , Backlund Peter S , Soldin Steven J , Ross Richard J , Merke Deborah P 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesThe treatment goal in congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is to replace glucocorticoids while avoiding androgen excess and iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome. However, there is no consensus on how to monitor disease control. Our main objectives were to evaluate hormonal circadian rhythms and use these profiles to identify optimal monitoring times and novel disease biomarkers in CAH adults on intermediate- and long-acting glucocorticoids.DesignThis was an observational, cross-sectional study at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center in 16 patients with classic CAH.MethodsTwenty-four-hour serum sampling for ACTH, 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP), androstenedione (A4), androsterone, DHEA, testosterone, progesterone and 24-h urinary pdiol and 5β-pdiol was carried out. Bayesian spectral analysis and cosinor analysis were performed to detect circadian rhythmicity. The number of hours to minimal (TminAC) and maximal (TmaxAC) adrenocortical hormone levels after dose administration was calculated.ResultsA significant rhythm was confirmed for ACTH (r2, 0.95;P<0.001), 17OHP (r2, 0.70;P=0.003), androstenedione (r2, 0.47;P=0.043), androsterone (r2, 0.80;P<0.001), testosterone (r2, 0.47;P=0.042) and progesterone (r2, 0.64;P=0.006). The mean (s.d.)TminAC andTmaxAC for 17OHP and A4were: morning prednisone (4.3 (2.3) and 9.7 (3.5) h), evening prednisone (4.5 (2.0) and 10.3 (2.4) h), and daily dexamethasone (9.2 (3.5) and 16.4 (7.2) h). AUC0–24 hprogesterone, androsterone and 24-h urine pdiol were significantly related to 17OHP.ConclusionIn CAH patients, adrenal androgens exhibit circadian rhythms influenced by glucocorticoid replacement. Measurement of adrenocortical hormones and interpretation of results should take into account the type of glucocorticoid and time of dose administration. Progesterone and backdoor metabolites may provide alternative disease biomarkers.