bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced interface electrical insulation of aramid‐reinforced resin composites via iron phthalocyanine self‐assembled structures on the surface of aramid
Authors: Xie Jun , Zhang Youzhi , Xia Guowei , Xu Bobin , Qiao Longyin , Hu Chengming , Xie Qing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAramid fiber‐reinforced epoxy resin composites (AFRP) are the main components of electrical equipment such as GIS insulated tie rods, but the poor interfacial bonding between aramid fibers (AF) and epoxy resin (EP) results in a degradation of the material's insulating properties. In this paper, iron phthalocyanine (FePc) molecules are introduced on the AF surface, and the π‐π interaction effect between the metal phthalocyanine rings is used as a driving force to guide the spontaneous assembly of FePc into a three‐dimensional microstructure, and the effect of microstructures with different FePc contents on the insulating properties of AFRP interfaces is investigated. Combining a series of test simulation methods such as surface potential attenuation test, electric tree test, interlayer shear test, and molecular dynamics simulation, reveals the enhancement mechanism of the electrical insulation performance of the interface. The results show that FePc at four contents has an enhancement effect on the flashover voltage along the AF and the breakdown voltage at the AFRP interface, with a maximum enhancement of 25.63% for the flashover voltage and 232.23% for the breakdown voltage.Highlights
Self‐assembled three‐dimensional structures on aramid surfaces were constructed via iron phthalocyanine molecules.
The effects of self‐assembled structures on physicochemical properties are compared.
Modifications substantially increase the breakdown voltage and flashover voltage.
The mechanism of microstructure on interface breakdown voltage enhancement is revealed.
The overall effect of multiple factors on insulation properties is analyzed.
Plasma‐assisted incorporation of flame‐retardant chemicals for improved flame retardancy of polyester fabrics
Authors: Nandy Shreyasi , Sreekumar T. V. , Palaskar Shital , Mehra Neha 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe polyester fabric was subjected to atmospheric plasma and impregnated with commercially available 3‐hydroxyphenyl phosphinyl‐propanoic acid (3HPP) as flame retarding agent by high‐temperature high pressure (HTHP) dyeing method. Various concentrations of 3HPP in water, up to 4% w/v, were applied using the HTHP method. It was observed that the plasma treatment not only enhanced wettability and wicking but also facilitated increased pickup of 3HPP onto the polyester. The treatment exhibited a noteworthy enhancement in the limiting oxygen index (LOI), rising from 20.8% for the untreated control fabric to 30% for the fabric treated with plasma and a 4% 3HPP solution. Additionally, the application of 3HPP without plasma treatment did not yield significant improvements in flame‐retardant (FR) properties. The combined treatment of plasma and 3HPP resulted in an LOI of 29% with a 2% 3HPP treatment, while at the same concentration without plasma treatment, the LOI value was 26.8%. The heightened LOI was primarily attributed to the presence of phosphorus, as confirmed by high‐performance liquid chromatography and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. Additionally, the wash durability assessment of plasma‐processed and 3HPP‐treated samples demonstrated sustained flame retardancy, with an LOI of approximately 28% even after undergoing 20 wash cycles. Vertical flammability and cone calorimetry also confirm improved FR properties after treatment. Remarkably, the mechanical properties and surface morphology of the fabric remained unaltered following both plasma and chemical treatments.Highlights
Easy and cost‐effective technique for the downstream process for FR polyester fabric.
FR agent during polymerization has the disadvantage of lower molecular weight.
Potential for producing FR industrial polyester fabric.
Post‐plasma treatment improves the washing fastness.
The mechanical and comfort properties remain intact during the process.
MAPT mutations associated with familial tauopathies lead to formation of conformationally distinct oligomers that have cross‐seeding ability
Authors: Bhopatkar Anukool A. , Bhatt Nemil , Haque Md Anzarul , Xavier Rhea , Fung Leiana , Jerez Cynthia , Kayed Rakez 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe microtubule associated protein, tau, is implicated in a multitude of neurodegenerative disorders that are collectively termed as tauopathies. These disorders are characterized by the presence of tau aggregates within the brain of afflicted individuals. Mutations within the MAPT gene that encodes the tau protein form the genetic backdrop for familial forms of tauopathies, such as frontotemporal dementia (FTD), but the molecular consequences of such alterations and their pathological effects are unclear. We sought to investigate the conformational properties of the aggregates of three tau mutants: A152T, P301L, and R406W, all implicated within FTD, and compare them to those of the native form (WT‐Tau 2N4R). Our immunochemical analysis reveals that mutants and WT tau oligomers exhibit similar affinity for conformation‐specific antibodies but have distinct morphology and secondary structure. Additionally, these oligomers possess different dye‐binding properties and varying sensitivity to proteolytic processing. These results point to conformational variety among them. We then tested the ability of the mutant oligomers to cross‐seed the aggregation of WT tau monomer. Using similar array of experiments, we found that cross‐seeding with mutant aggregates leads to the formation of conformationally unique WT oligomers. The results discussed in this paper provide a novel perspective on the structural properties of oligomeric forms of WT tau 2N4R and its mutant, along with shedding some light on their cross‐seeding behavior.
Clustering protein functional families at large scale with hierarchical approaches
Authors: Bordin Nicola , Scholes Harry , Rauer Clemens , Roca‐Martínez Joel , Sillitoe Ian , Orengo Christine 
Published: August 2024

AbstractProteins, fundamental to cellular activities, reveal their function and evolution through their structure and sequence. CATH functional families (FunFams) are coherent clusters of protein domain sequences in which the function is conserved across their members. The increasing volume and complexity of protein data enabled by large‐scale repositories like MGnify or AlphaFold Database requires more powerful approaches that can scale to the size of these new resources. In this work, we introduce MARC and FRAN, two algorithms developed to build upon and address limitations of GeMMA/FunFHMMER, our original methods developed to classify proteins with related functions using a hierarchical approach. We also present CATH‐eMMA, which uses embeddings or Foldseek distances to form relationship trees from distance matrices, reducing computational demands and handling various data types effectively. CATH‐eMMA offers a highly robust and much faster tool for clustering protein functions on a large scale, providing a new tool for future studies in protein function and evolution.
Three-loop corrections to Higgs boson pair production: reducible contribution
Authors: Davies Joshua , Schönwald Kay , Steinhauser Matthias , Vitti Marco 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We compute three-loop corrections to the process gg → HH originating from one-particle reducible diagrams. This requires the computation of two-loop corrections to the gluon-gluon-Higgs vertex with an off-shell gluon. We describe in detail our approach to obtain semi-analytic results for the vertex form factors and present results for the two form factors contributing to Higgs boson pair production.
Large N universality of 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 superconformal index and AdS black holes
Authors: Choi Sunjin , Kim Seunggyu , Song Jaewon 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We study the large N limit of the matrix models associated with the superconformal indices of four-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 superconformal field theories. We find that for a large class of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 superconformal gauge theories, the superconformal indices in the large N limit of such theories are dominated by the ‘parallelogram’ saddle, providing O(N2) free energy for the generic value of chemical potentials. This saddle corresponds to BPS black holes in AdS5 whenever a holographic dual description is available. Our saddle applies to a large class of gauge theories, including ADE quiver gauge theories, and the theories with rank-2 tensor matters. Our analysis works for most $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 superconformal gauge theories that admit a suitable large N limit while keeping the flavor symmetry fixed. We also find ‘multi-cut’ saddle points, which correspond to the orbifolded Euclidean black holes in AdS5.
Expansions for semiclassical conformal blocks
Authors: Carneiro da Cunha Bruno , Cavalcante João Paulo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We propose a relation the expansions of regular and irregular semiclassical conformal blocks at different branch points making use of the connection between the accessory parameters of the BPZ decoupling equations to the logarithm derivative of isomonodromic tau functions. We give support for these relations by considering two eigenvalue problems for the confluent Heun equations obtained from the linearized perturbation theory of black holes. We first derive the large frequency expansion of the spheroidal equations, and then compare numerically the excited quasi-normal mode spectrum for the Schwarzschild case obtained from the large frequency expansion to the one obtained from the low frequency expansion and with the literature, indicating that the relations hold generically in the complex modulus plane.
Matter asymmetries in the ZN dark matter-companion models
Authors: Zhang Peng , Chen Shao-Long , Kang Zhaofeng , Liu Ze-Kun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A class of ZN≥3-symmetric WIMP dark matter models that are characterized by the semi-annihilation into the companion of dark matter has been proposed in ref. [1], providing a mechanism to evade the stringent direct detection constraint. In this work, we point out that such models naturally provide the three Sakharov elements necessary for dark matter asymmetry, and moreover this asymmetry can be transferred to the visible sector with a proper link to the leptonic or quark sector. In our minimal Z3 example, the migration to the leptonic sector is via the asymmetric companion decay into neutrinos, and the lepton asymmetry can be further transferred to the quark sector. The CP violation parameter is restrained in this model. Thus, we explore the thermal motion effect of dark matter and find that it gives an enhancement to the CP violation parameter, which is studied for the first time. A preliminary numerical analysis based on the Boltzmann equations shows that both correct relic density of dark matter and baryon asymmetry can be accommodated.
Exponential quintessence: curved, steep and stringy?
Authors: Andriot David , Parameswaran Susha , Tsimpis Dimitrios , Wrase Timm , Zavala Ivonne 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We explore the possibility that our universe’s current accelerated expansion is explained by a quintessence model with an exponential scalar potential, V = V0e−λ ϕ, keeping an eye towards λ ≥ $$ \sqrt{2} $$

2

and an open universe, favorable to a string theory realisation and with no cosmological horizon. We work out the full cosmology of the model, including matter, radiation, and optionally negative spatial curvature, for all λ > 0, performing an extensive analysis of the dynamical system and its phase space. The minimal physical requirements of a past epoch of radiation domination and an accelerated expansion today lead to an upper bound λ ≲ $$ \sqrt{3} $$

3

, which is driven slightly up in the presence of observationally allowed spatial curvature. Cosmological solutions start universally in a kination epoch, go through radiation and matter dominated phases and enter an epoch of acceleration, which is only transient for λ > $$ \sqrt{2} $$

2

. Field distances traversed between BBN and today are sub-Planckian. We discuss possible string theory origins and phenomenological challenges, such as time variation of fundamental constants. We provide theoretical predictions for the model parameters to be fitted to data, most notably the varying dark energy equation of state parameter, in light of recent results from DES-Y5 and DESI.
Ultrafast spallation dynamics of a thin gold film characterized by imaging pump-probe interferometry
Authors: Pflug Theo , Olbrich Markus , Loheit Henry , Horn and Alexander 
Published: August 2024

AbstractInterferometry allows to measure microscopic displacements in the nanometer scale. This work introduces an imaging pump-probe interferometer that enables to detect the spatially resolved phase shift of the probe radiation being reflected on a sample surface after ultrashort pulsed laser excitation with a temporal resolution of 40 fs and a maximum temporal delay of 3 ns. The capability of the pump-probe interferometer is demonstrated on the spallation of a thin gold film upon femtosecond laser irradiation. The pump-probe interferometer enables to measure a minimum phase change of $$\Delta \varphi <\pi /10$$

Δ
φ
<
π
/
10

which corresponds to a displacement of $$\Delta h<$$

Δ
h
<

12.5 nm for the applied probe wavelength of 500 nm. Upon irradiation, two distinct phase changes are observable: First, an abrupt minor phase shift has been measured in the femtosecond range, which is attributed to the changed optical properties of the sample surface after excitation. Second, a more pronounced continuing phase shift increase is detectable after a few tens of picoseconds resulting from the onset of spallation. Based on the measured spatially resolved phase shift, the transient surface topography during the spallation is reconstructed. The determined velocity of the ablated material reaches a maximum of a few 1000 m/s at ten picosecond after irradiation and decreases to 250 m/s afterwards. Consequently, the introduced imaging pump-probe interferometer provides important insights into the physical processes during laser excitation as well as the subsequent laser-induced ablation, and will enable to validate theoretical models quantitatively in following studies.
Evaluating the diet in Germany with two indices focusing on healthy eating and planetary healthy eating using nationwide cross-sectional food intake data from DEGS1 (2008–2011)
Authors: Richter Almut , Loss Julika , Kuhn Daria-Alina , Moosburger Ramona , Mensink Gert B. M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To improve sustainability, adjustments to current diets are necessary. Therefore, limited planetary resources are considered within the healthy reference diet proposed by the EAT-Lancet Commission. The agreement with nationwide food intake was evaluated with two indices which reflect this reference and German food intake recommendations.

Methods
A healthy eating index (HEI-MON) reflecting the dietary guidelines of the German nutrition society and a planetary healthy eating index (PHEI-MON) reflecting the healthy reference diet were developed, with scores from 0 to 100. Both indices were applied to data from a nationally representative sample of the German population aged 18–79 years for which data from a 53-item food frequency questionnaire are available.

Results
Mean scores for the indices were 53 for HEI-MON and 39 for PHEI-MON. A better adherence to either guideline could be found among women, persons of older age as well as persons with higher education level. The sub-scores for HEI-MON showed high agreement with the recommendations for side dishes, fruit/nuts, (processed) meat and cereals, but low agreement with the recommendations for free sugar and vegetables/legumes. PHEI-MON sub-scores were highest for poultry, fruits and potatoes, and lowest for nuts, red meat and legumes. High scores in one index do not necessarily correspond to high scores in the other index. Individuals with more plantbased diets had higher scores in both indices, while high sugar and meat consumption led to lower scores.

Conclusions
More plant-based diets are crucial for individual and planetary health. Both indices reflect such diets which consider already health and sustainability aspects. At an individual level, the scores for both indices may differ considerably, but overall there is a huge potential in the population to adapt to a diet more in line with both guidelines.
Impact of surface conductivity on the zeta potential determination of concentrated aqueous polymer dispersions using electroacoustics and electrokinetic standard models
Authors: Frangenberg Matthias , Schmidt Annette M. , Wilkens Jan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSurface conductivity can have a significant impact on the determination of the zeta potential, but it is normally not accounted for when applying the Helmholtz-Smoluchowski or Henry models. In this study, we investigate concentrated polymer dispersions using electroacoustics and both standard models. We also pay particular attention to the influence of surface conductivity, which is characterized by conductivity measurements of the dispersion and dispersion medium. The Dukhin number as a measure of surface conductivity is calculated according to Maxwell–Wagner-O’Konski theory. Zeta potentials were determined by means of colloid vibration current (CVI) and electrophoretic light scattering (ELS) methods. It has been found that neglecting surface conductivity in standard electrokinetic models can lead to large measurement errors of up to 100% with increasing particle volume fraction. In this study, the surface conductivity is now correctly taken into account by using the conductivities of the dispersion and the dispersion medium. Alternatively, this influence can also be considered using the Dukhin number. The zeta potentials resulting from the CVI measurement are then in excellent agreement with ELS reference measurements over a wide volume fraction range.
Graphical Abstract
A Discrete Element Method Calibration Approach for Large Ore-flow Applications
Authors: Koch Lukas Alexander 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe major constraint for large discrete element method (DEM) simulations is the high demand for computation power. To keep the model in a feasible range of simulation time and to conduct the numerical calculations efficiently, the implemented material can be simplified and upscaled. After this, a calibration of the material is inevitable and sets the link between the simulation model and reality. Therefore, an alternative calibration approach is established in this contribution to mimic the flow behaviour of the original material with multi-spherical DEM particles. The calibration approach utilises flow zone dimensions, which were observed in block-caving operations. Additionally, a passive draw-point is used to calibrate the angle of repose. Applying the calibration approach for Kiruna iron ore showed that, with the help of the calibration approach, the material in the simulation could successfully reproduce the targeted flow zone and angle of repose.
Regularization-based methods for ordinal quantification
Authors: Bunse Mirko , Moreo Alejandro , Sebastiani Fabrizio , Senz Martin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractQuantification, i.e., the task of predicting the class prevalence values in bags of unlabeled data items, has received increased attention in recent years. However, most quantification research has concentrated on developing algorithms for binary and multi-class problems in which the classes are not ordered. Here, we study the ordinal case, i.e., the case in which a total order is defined on the set of $$n>2$$

n
>
2

classes. We give three main contributions to this field. First, we create and make available two datasets for ordinal quantification (OQ) research that overcome the inadequacies of the previously available ones. Second, we experimentally compare the most important OQ algorithms proposed in the literature so far. To this end, we bring together algorithms proposed by authors from very different research fields, such as data mining and astrophysics, who were unaware of each others’ developments. Third, we propose a novel class of regularized OQ algorithms, which outperforms existing algorithms in our experiments. The key to this gain in performance is that our regularization prevents ordinally implausible estimates, assuming that ordinal distributions tend to be smooth in practice. We informally verify this assumption for several real-world applications.
Smartphone GPS-Based Exposure to Greenspace and Walkability and Accelerometer-Assessed Physical Activity During Pregnancy and Early Postpartum—Evidence from the MADRES Cohort
Authors: Yi Li , Habre Rima , Mason Tyler B. , Xu Yan , Cabison Jane , Rosales Marisela , Chu Daniel , Chavez Thomas A. , Johnson Mark , Eckel Sandrah P. , Bastain Theresa M. , Breton Carrie V. , Wilson John P. , Dunton Genevieve F. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA growing number of studies have associated walkability and greenspace exposure with greater physical activity (PA) in women during pregnancy. However, most studies have focused on examining women’s residential environments and neglected exposure in locations outside the home neighborhood. Using 350 person-days (N = 55 participants) of smartphone global positioning system (GPS) location and accelerometer data collected during the first and third trimesters and 4–6 months postpartum from 55 Hispanic pregnant women from the Maternal and Developmental Risks from Environmental and Social Stressors (MADRES) study, we examined the day-level effect of women’s exposure to walkability and greenspace on their PA outcomes during pregnancy and in the early postpartum period. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity [MVPA] minutes per day was assessed using accelerometers. Walkability and greenspace were measured using geographic information systems (GIS) within women’s daily activity spaces (i.e., places visited and routes taken) recorded using a smartphone GPS and weighted by time spent. We used a generalized linear mixed-effects model to estimate the effects of daily GPS-derived environmental exposures on day-level MVPA minutes. Results showed that women engaged in 23% more MVPA minutes on days when they had some versus no exposure to parks and open spaces in activity spaces (b = 1.23; 95%CI: 1.02–1.48). In addition, protective effects of daily greenspace and walkability exposure on MVPA were stronger in the first and third trimesters, among first-time mothers, and among women who had high pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and lived in least-safe neighborhoods. Our results suggest that daily greenspace and walkability exposure are important for women’s PA and associated health outcomes during pregnancy and early postpartum.