bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism is associated with increased body mass index and insulin resistance measures in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia
Authors: Bonaccorso Stefania , Sodhi Monsheel , Li Jiang , Bobo William V , Chen Yuejin , Tumuklu Mevhibe , Theleritis Christos , Jayathilake Karuna , Meltzer Herbert Y 
Published: April 2015

ObjectivesWe tested the hypothesis that a common functional variant in brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Val66Met, which has been shown to be associated with increased body mass index (BMI) in schizophrenia (SCZ) and schizoaffective disorder (SAD), is also associated with antipsychotic‐induced weight gain in bipolar disorder (BPD). Association of Val66Met with other metabolic measures, including high‐ and low‐density cholesterol, triglycerides, total cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, and hemoglobin A1c, was also tested.MethodsThis was a 12‐month, prospective, randomized trial of two atypical antipsychotic drugs (APDs) with moderate (risperidone) or high (olanzapine) risk to cause weight gain. Subjects were diagnosed as having BPD (n = 90) and SCZ or SAD (n = 76).ResultsBMI was significantly greater in all diagnoses for Met66 allele carriers at six months (p = 0.01). Met66 carriers with BPD showed a greater increase in the triglycerides/high‐density (HDL) cholesterol ratio (p = 0.01), a key marker for metabolic syndrome related to insulin resistance, and log‐triglycerides (p = 0.04), after three or six months of treatment. Met66 carriers had the greatest increase in log‐triglycerides (p = 0.03) and triglycerides/HDL cholesterol ratio after three months of treatment with risperidone (p = 0.003), and the highest BMI at six months (p = 0.01).ConclusionsThe positive association of BNDF Val66Met with high BMI values replicates previous findings in patients with SCZ and indicates the BDNF Val66Met genotype as a potential risk factor for obesity and insulin resistance measures in patients with BPD receiving antipsychotics as well.
‘And the best essay is…’: Extended contact and cross‐group friendships at school
Authors: Vezzali Loris , Stathi Sofia , Giovannini Dino , Capozza Dora , Visintin Emilio Paolo 
Published: April 2015

We conducted one experimental intervention based on extended contact principles aimed at fostering the formation of cross‐group friendships within educational settings. Italian school children took part in a school competition for the best essay on personal experiences of cross‐group friendships with immigrants, to be written in small groups. This manipulation was intended to favour the exchange of personal positive cross‐group experiences, thus capitalizing on the benefits of extended contact. In the control condition, participants wrote an essay on friendship, without reference to cross‐group relations. Results revealed that children who took part in the intervention reported a higher number of outgroup friends 3 months later. This indirect effect was sequentially mediated by pro‐contact ingroup and outgroup norms and by outgroup contact behavioural intentions. This study provides experimental evidence that interventions based on extended contact can foster cross‐group friendship formation. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
A general proof of consistency of heuristic classification for cognitive diagnosis models
Authors: Chiu Chia‐Yi , Köhn Hans‐Friedrich 
Published: April 2015

The Asymptotic Classification Theory of Cognitive Diagnosis (Chiu et al., 2009, Psychometrika, 74, 633–665) determined the conditions that cognitive diagnosis models must satisfy so that the correct assignment of examinees to proficiency classes is guaranteed when non‐parametric classification methods are used. These conditions have only been proven for the Deterministic Input Noisy Output AND gate model. For other cognitive diagnosis models, no theoretical legitimization exists for using non‐parametric classification techniques for assigning examinees to proficiency classes. The specific statistical properties of different cognitive diagnosis models require tailored proofs of the conditions of the Asymptotic Classification Theory of Cognitive Diagnosis for each individual model – a tedious undertaking in light of the numerous models presented in the literature. In this paper a different way is presented to address this task. The unified mathematical framework of general cognitive diagnosis models is used as a theoretical basis for a general proof that under mild regularity conditions any cognitive diagnosis model is covered by the Asymptotic Classification Theory of Cognitive Diagnosis.
The Caregiving Environment and Developmental Outcomes of Preterm Infants: Diathesis Stress or Differential Susceptibility Effects?
Authors: Gueron‐Sela Noa , Atzaba‐Poria Naama , Meiri Gal , Marks Kyla 
Published: April 2015

The interactions between premature birth and the caregiving environment on infants' cognitive and social functioning were examined. Participants were 150 infants (83 preterm, 67 full‐term) and their parents. When infants were 6 months old, parents reported on their levels of emotional distress, and triadic family interactions were filmed and coded. At 12 months of age, the infants' cognitive and social functioning was assessed. Prematurity moderated the effects of maternal (but not paternal) emotional distress and triadic interactions on infants' cognitive and social outcomes. Whereas for cognitive functioning the interactions were consistent with a diathesis–stress approach, for social functioning the interactions were consistent with a differential susceptibility approach. The differential effects of the caregiving environment between groups and outcomes are discussed.
Differences in Healing Patterns of the Bone‐Implant Interface between Immediately and Delayed‐Placed Titanium Implants in Mouse Maxillae
Authors: Watanabe Taisuke , Nakagawa Eizo , Saito Kotaro , Ohshima Hayato 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundThere are no available data on the healing process at the bone‐implant interface after immediate implant placement.PurposeThis study aimed to establish an animal experimental model of titanium implants placed in mouse maxillae and compare the healing pattern of the bone‐implant interface after immediate implant placement with that after delayed implant placement.Materials and MethodsMaxillary first molars (M1) from 4‐week‐old mice were extracted and replaced with the implant following drilling (immediate‐placement group). In contrast, M1 from 2‐week‐old mice were extracted, followed by drilling and implantation after 4 weeks (delayed‐placement group). The decalcified samples at 0–28 days after implantation were processed by immunohistochemistry, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay, and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase histochemistry. The elements and bone volume of undecalcified samples were quantitatively analyzed by an electron probe microanalyzer.ResultsOsseointegration was completed by 28 days after the procedure in both groups. There were no differences in contact area, bone loss at the cervical area, or rate of calcification at the bone‐implant interface between the two groups.ConclusionsThis study found no significant differences in the chronological healing process at the bone‐implant interface between the two groups at the cellular level.
Titanium Granules for Augmentation of the Maxillary Sinus – A Multicenter Study
Authors: Lyngstadaas Ståle Petter , Verket Anders , Pinholt Else Marie , Mertens Christian , Haanæs Hans Reidar , Wall Gert , Wallström Mats , Rasmusson Lars 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundBiomaterials are commonly used to augment the maxillary sinus floor prior to or in conjunction with dental implant installation. Recently, porous titanium granules (PTGs) have been used in oral implant surgery to stabilize implants and function as an osteoconductive matrix.PurposeTo evaluate if PTGs can be safely used in a larger population of patients, treated by different surgeons, when sinus floor augmentation was required in conjunction with implant installation. The primary endpoint was 12‐month survival rate of the dental implants. Biopsies for histology were taken from the augmented area.Materials and MethodsAt five centers, 40 subjects with uni or bilateral posterior edentulism and atrophy of the posterior maxilla (3–6 mm) were enrolled. In a single‐stage procedure, PTG and one to three dental implants were installed in each quadrant. In total, 70 implants were included in the study.ResultsOne immobile implant was removed. The mean marginal bone loss was 0.5 mm and 0.8 mm, on the mesial and distal side, respectively. Histologically, all biopsies demonstrated bone ingrowth.ConclusionsThe results suggest that PTG can be safely and effectively used as augmentation material in the sinus floor when used with dental implants in a one‐stage procedure.
Impact of metabolic disorders on the relation between overweight/obesity and incident myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke in fertile women: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Andersen S. S. , Andersson C. , Berger S. M. , Jensen T. B. , Torp‐Pedersen C. T. , Gislason G. H. , Køber L. , Schmiegelow M. D. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryAimsWhether overweight is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in the absence of metabolic disorders remains under debate and is largely unexamined in young women. We evaluated the risk of myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke in fertile women conditional on time‐dependent presence of metabolic disorders.Materials and methodsFrom nationwide registers we identified all normal weight (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 18.5 to <25 kg m−2) and overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg m−2) Danish women giving birth from 2004 to 2009. Using multivariable Poisson regression models adjusted for age, calendar year and smoking, the risk of the composite outcome of myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke was assessed with metabolic disorders (i.e. hypertensive conditions, abnormal glucose metabolism and/or dyslipidaemia) included as time‐dependent variables.ResultsThe population comprised 261 489 women with median age of 30.5 years (interquartile range = [27.3, 33.8] ). Median follow‐up was 5.6 years (interquartile range = [4.0, 6.8] ). Compared with normal weight women without metabolic disorders (with an incidence rate [IR] of 17.0 [95% confidence interval {CI} = 14.5–20.0] events per 100 000 person‐years), overweight women without metabolic disorders had no significantly increased risk, IR 22.6 (CI = 18.3–27.8), adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR), 1.26 (CI = 0.97–1.65). For women with metabolic disorders, IR was 30.2 (CI = 18.8–48.6) and adjusted IRR 1.77 (CI = 1.07–2.93) in normal weight, while IR was 87.1 (CI = 67.6–112.2) and IRR 4.24 (CI = 5 3.11–5.79) in overweight.ConclusionsThe risk of myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke was more strongly associated with the presence of metabolic disorders than with overweight per se in fertile women. Targeting prevention of metabolic disorders might be beneficial to reduce cardiovascular disease in overweight/obese young women.
Oligosaccharide modification by N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase‐V in macrophages are involved in pathogenesis of bleomycin‐induced scleroderma
Authors: Kato Arisa , Yutani Mizuki , Terao Mika , Kimura Akihiro , Itoi Saori , Murota Hiroyuki , Miyoshi Eiji , Katayama Ichiro 
Published: April 2015

AbstractOligosaccharide modification by N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase‐V (GnT‐V), which catalyses the formation of β1,6 GlcNAc (N‐acetylglucosamine) branches on N‐glycans, is associated with various pathologies, such as cancer metastasis, multiple sclerosis and liver fibrosis. In this study, we demonstrated the involvement of GnT‐V in the pathophysiology of scleroderma. High expression of GnT‐V was observed in infiltrating cells in skin section samples from systemic and localized patients with scleroderma. Most of the infiltrating cells were T cells and macrophages, most of which were CD163+ M2 macrophages. To determine the role of GnT‐V in scleroderma, we next investigated skin sclerosis in GnT‐V knockout (MGAT5−/−) mice. Expression of GnT‐V was also elevated in bleomycin (BLM)‐injected sclerotic skin, and MGAT5−/− mice were resistant to BLM‐induced skin sclerosis with reduced collagen type 1 α1 content, suggesting the biological significance of GnT‐V in skin sclerosis. Furthermore, the number of CD163+ M2 macrophages and CD3‐positive T cells in BLM‐induced skin sclerosis was significantly fewer in MGAT5−/− mice. In bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDMs), IL‐4‐induced expressions of Fizz1 and Ym1 were significantly reduced in MGAT5−/− mice‐derived BMDMs. Taken together, these results suggest the induction of GnT‐V in skin sclerosis progression is possibly dependent on increased numbers of M2 macrophages in the skin, which are important for tissue fibrosis and remodelling.
Mechanical coupling of cytoskeletal elasticity and force generation is crucial for understanding the migrating nature of keloid fibroblasts
Authors: Harn Hans I‐Chen , Wang Yang‐Kao , Hsu Chao‐Kai , Ho Yen‐Ting , Huang Yi‐Wei , Chiu Wen‐Tai , Lin Hsi‐Hui , Cheng Chao‐Min , Tang Ming‐Jer 
Published: April 2015

AbstractOne of the key features of keloid is its fibroblasts migrating beyond the original wound border. During migration, cells not only undergo molecular changes but also mechanical modulation. This process is led by actin filaments serving as the backbone of intra‐cellular force and transduces external mechanical signal via focal adhesion complex into the cell. Here, we focus on determining the mechanical changes of actin filaments and the spatial distribution of forces in response to changing chemical stimulations and during cell migration. Atomic force microscopy and micropost array detector are used to determine and compare the magnitude and distribution of filament elasticity and force generation in fibroblasts and keloid fibroblasts. We found both filament elasticity and force generation show spatial distribution in a polarized and migrating cell. Such spatial distribution is disrupted when mechano‐signalling is perturbed by focal adhesion kinase inhibitor and in keloid fibroblasts. The demonstration of keloid pathology at the nanoscale highlights the coupling of cytoskeletal function with physical characters at the subcellular level and provides new research directions for migration‐related disease such as keloid.
South‐South Migration for Domestic Work and Poverty
Authors: Deshingkar Priya , Zeitlyn Benjamin 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMigration for domestic work has become the subject of intense debate among international human rights organisations and policy makers concerned with the welfare of workers who are predominantly women from poor and historically disadvantaged communities. This paper is a review of the literature on South‐South migration for domestic work, undertaken to assess the evidence base that underpins this debate. It shows that there is little discussion of the reasons for such migration and the impact that it has on households at origin. There is an assumption that domestic workers are driven by poverty into occupations that entrench poverty. The literature is dominated by papers focusing on the shortcomings of legal frameworks for regulating working conditions and recruitment practices, resulting in extremely exploitative conditions of employment. Although a few papers discuss worker agency, these are clearly not influencing policy debates, which continue to treat migrant domestic workers as victims. There is a dearth of research on the impacts of migration on households at origin; a significant gap in the literature given that migration is often a household strategy intended to access more remunerative employment and remit money home.
Developments in TEM Nanotomography of Calcium Silicate Hydrate
Authors: Taylor Rae , Sakdinawat Anne , Chae Sejung R. , Wenk Haz‐Rudolf , Levitz Pierre , Sougrat Rachid , Monteiro Paulo J.M. 
Published: April 2015

This investigation was designed to explore the possibility of using transmission electron microscope (TEM) tomography on cement‐based systems gain a greater understanding of their nanostructure and pore network. The preliminary results show a clearly a well‐defined pore network at the nanoscale, with pore size approximately 1.7–2.4 nm in diameter and spaced around 5–8 nm apart. A comparison of small angle X‐ray scattering data with 2‐D TEM images analyzed with the Fourier slice theorem documents an excellent structural correlation.
Postcasting Contraction: Improving the Density of Gelcast Nanoparticle Green Bodies with Heated Liquid Desiccants
Authors: Wang Xiaofeng , Wang Richu , Feng Yan , Zhang Dou , Peng Chaoqun 
Published: April 2015

To achieve high‐density green bodies, a novel route without needing high solids loading suspensions, that is postcontraction process has been developed. In this process, the wet green body is immersed in heated liquid desiccants (polyethylene glycol [PEG] aqueous solution), which is prepared by gelcasting with thermoresponsive gel system. The density of green bodies is improved through releasing water quickly and shrinking rapidly. It is attributed to the cooperative action of the interior aggregation forces stemming from the shrinkage of network‐structured polymer and the exterior osmotic pressure from PEG aqueous solution. Alumina nanoparticle green bodies with different solids loadings were prepared by gelcasting with PNIPAM Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) gel system. The postcontraction process was almost completed in 30 min in liquid at 50°C, and meanwhile the bodies were almost dried. The relative densities of all green bodies and sintered parts are in accordance with each other, around 43% and 94%, respectively.
Influence of periodontal tissue thickness on buccal plate remodelling on immediate implants with xenograft
Authors: Maia Luciana P. , Reino Danilo M. , Muglia Valdir A. , Almeida Adriana L. G. , Nanci Antonio , Wazen Rima M. , de Oliveira Paulo T. , Palioto Daniela B. , Novaes Arthur B. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAimTo evaluate the influence of gingival thickness and bone grafting on buccal bone plate remodelling after immediate implant placement in sockets with thin buccal bone, using a flapless approach.Materials and MethodsThe gingiva of eight dogs was thinned at one side of the mandible, mandibular premolars were extracted without flaps, and four implants were installed on each side at 1.5 mm from the buccal bone. The sites were randomly assigned into: TG (test group) = thin gingiva; TG + GM (TG with grafting material); CG (control group) = normal gingiva; and CG + GM (CG with grafting material). After 12 weeks the dogs were sacrificed and the samples were processed for histological analysis.ResultsAll animals exhibited a thin buccal bone initially. In all the experimental groups the buccal gap was filled with newly formed bone and the buccal bone level was slightly apical to the implant shoulder. There were no statistically significant differences among the groups for the histomorphometric parameters.ConclusionsThe thickness of the buccal bone was a fundamental factor in buccal bone plate resorption, even with flapless implantation. The gingival thickness or the addition of a biomaterial in the gap did not influence the results.
Sex differences in the association between foetal growth and child attention at age four: specific vulnerability of girls
Authors: Murray Elizabeth , Matijasevich Alicia , Santos Iná S. , Barros Aluísio J.D. , Anselmi Luciana , Barros Fernando C. , Stein Alan 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundRecent evidence suggests that impaired foetal growth may provide an early indication of increased risk of child attention problems. However, despite both foetal growth and child attention problems differing by sex, few studies have examined sex differences in this association. Furthermore, no studies have been conducted in low‐ and middle‐income countries, where there are higher rates of perinatal problems. This study aimed to test for sex differences in the association between foetal growth indices and attention problems at age four, in a large, prospective birth cohort from a middle‐income country.MethodsA total of 3,749 neonates from the 2004 Pelotas birth cohort (Brazil) with foetal growth indices collected at birth [low birthweight (LBW), small‐for‐gestational age (SGA), head circumference (HC), head circumference‐to‐abdominal circumference ratio (HC/AC) and ponderal index (PI)], were assessed for attention problems using the Child Behaviour Checklist at age four. Ordinal logistic regression with successive adjustment for maternal, demographic, gestational, perinatal and child nutrition/mother–child morbidity, was conducted separately for girls and boys.ResultsIn girls, attention difficulties were associated with being born SGA (OR = 1.40, CI = 1.08–1.82, p = .012), with a small HC (OR = 1.52, CI = 1.11–2.08, p = .009), or with a low PI (OR = 1.29, CI = 1.08–1.54, p = .005). There were no associations identified between attention difficulties and any foetal growth indices in boys.ConclusionsOur results show that girls with impaired foetal growth may be particularly at risk of attention difficulties in childhood. This is consistent with emerging research that female foetuses may be more vulnerable to certain suboptimal intrauterine environments, inducing epigenetic changes that lead to disturbed growth and long‐term developmental impairment.
Thrombocytopenia associated with Mycoplasma pneumonia during pregnancy: Case presentation and approach for differential diagnosis
Authors: Nishikawa Aiko , Mimura Kazuya , Kanagawa Takeshi , Maeda Tetsuo , Tomimatsu Takuji , Kimura Tadashi 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThrombocytopenia during pregnancy has many different causes, but Mycoplasma pneumoniae is not usually considered one of the several pathogens that induce thrombocytopenia. Herein, we present a case of severe thrombocytopenia that was associated with M. pneumoniae during pregnancy. The patient experienced fever, cough, and cytopenia with M. pneumoniae‐specific IgM antibody increasing from 40‐fold to 160‐fold during the 2 weeks of illness. A diagnosis was made after excluding other diseases that cause thrombocytopenia. The patient was successfully treated with azithromycin hydrate, and she delivered a healthy newborn without any complications. Pregnant women who are infected with M. pneumoniae during pregnancy may develop severe and fatal thrombocytopenia. Prompt diagnosis and initiation of treatment lead to early recovery.