bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disturbance modeling and state estimation for offset-free predictive control with state-space process models
Authors: Tatjewski Piotr 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Disturbance modeling and design of state estimators for offset-free Model Predictive Control (MPC) with linear state-space process models is considered in the paper for deterministic constant-type external and internal disturbances (modeling errors). The application and importance of constant state disturbance prediction in the state-space MPC controller design is presented. In the case with a measured state, this leads to the control structure without disturbance state observers. In the case with an unmeasured state, a new, simpler MPC controller-observer structure is proposed, with observation of a pure process state only. The structure is not only simpler, but also with less restrictive applicability conditions than the conventional approach with extended process-and-disturbances state estimation. Theoretical analysis of the proposed structure is provided. The design approach is also applied to the case with an augmented state-space model in complete velocity form. The results are illustrated on a 2×2 example process problem.
Experimental and Fe Analysis of Aluminium Alloy Plastic Flow in the Forward Microextrusion Processes
Authors: Piwnik J. , Mogielnicki K. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The main aim of the paper is an evaluation of the real impact of a container surface roughness on metal plastic flow in the forward microextrusion process. For the purposes of experiment a specially designed and constructed by authors toolkit was used. Analyzed material was an annealed aluminium wire with 1,7 mm in diameter, with a stress-strain curve defined. Toolkit contains two experimental models of containers and rectangular dies with the same dimensions, differing only in the containers roughness degree. In order to determine the degree of the containers top layers asperities a roughness profiles with using laser microscope were made for each. Punch pressures have been calculated while forward extruding. In the next step the deflection of parallel lines marked at the samples longitudinal sections were analyzed. The extruded samples were submitted to the microhardness testing. Numerical analyses of analogous microextrusion processes have been also conducted. Container surface roughness was modelled as a rigid triangular wave with a zero friction factor at the interface m =0. Punch pressures and shapes of extruded samples flow nets were determined. Conducted investigations revealed the possibility of receiving products with different mechanical properties obtained by the container roughness assorting.
Analysis of Platinum Content in Used Auto Catalytic Converter Carriers and the Possibility of its Recovery
Authors: Saternus M. , Fornalczyk A. , Cebulski J. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
At present, every launched car must be equipped with a catalytic converter, in which the precious metals such as platinum, palladium and rhodium play catalytic role. Catalytic converters have a limited life time, therefore they have to be replaced and become a valuable source of platinum group metals (PGM). Currently in the world, used auto catalytic converters are processed in pyrometallurgical or hydrometallurgical way. However, the first step of such treatment should be a chemical analysis. In the paper catalytic carriers were analysed taking into account the level of platinum. Scanning electron microscope was used. The analysis concentrated on testing samples coming from different catalytic carriers. The structure of tested samples, chemical analysis and X-ray energy spectra (EDS) where presented as well as the discussion of obtained results and possible methods of platinum recovery.
Mechanism and Kinetics of Precipitation Process in Selected Copper Alloys
Authors: Rdzawski Z. , Stobrawa J. , Głuchowski W. , Sobota J. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The required functional characteristics expected from copper alloys have a major impact on the technological production process, therefore there is a strong need to acquire knowledge on changes of properties with technological process including heat treatment and plastic working. The studied in this work copper CuTi4. CuFe2. CuCr0.7 and CuNi2Si1 alloys was selected to present differences in hardening phases .The samples were quenched, cold deformed (rolling), and aged. Detailed microstructure analysis and its influence on electrical and mechanical properties was presented in the work. Quenched CuTi4, CuFe2, CuCr0.7 and CuNi2Si1alloys have different mechanism and kinetics of precipitation during aging. These processes are complex and depend on the heterogeneity of distribution of alloying elements in copper matrix, the process parameters and cold strain value.
The Structural Relaxation and its Influence on High Field Magnetization Processes
Authors: Pietrusiewicz P. , Nabiałek M. , Szota M. , Dośpiał M. , Błoch K. , Bukowska A. , Gruszka K. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In this paper the results of the structural and magnetic investigation of Fe61Co10Y8Zr1B20 alloy after solidification and isothermal annealing was presented. The isothermical annealing was carried out at 700 K for 1 h and 770 K for 3.5 h. For the structural investigation was performed by X-ray diffractometer equipped with a copper lamp. The results of (XRD) measurements showed the material in the state after the solidification and heat treatment is amorphous. Static hysteresis loops and initial magnetization curve was measured using vibrating magnetometer (VSM). The quality and quantity of structural defects in the sample after heat treatment was determined by indirect method using analyze the initial magnetization curve in accordance with the theory of Kronmüllera. These studies have shown that the annealing process has big influence to change significantly quantity of defects in amorphous structure as a result, there are changes of magnetic parameters such as saturation magnetization and field μ0Ms coercivity Hc.
Influence of Annealing on the Microstructure and Magnetic Properties in Amorphous Alloys
Authors: Pietrusiewicz P. , Nabiałek M. , Szota M. , Dośpiał M. , Błoch K. , Gondro J. , Gruszka K. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The influence of isothermal annealing on the magnetisation process in strong magnetic fields of the amorphous Fe61Co10Y8Ni1B20 alloy ribbons was investigated. Samples in the form of ribbons were produced by rapid quenching of liquid alloy on a rotating copper wheel. In order to study the relaxation process, the investigated Fe61Co10Y8Ni1B20 samples were subjected to annealing below the crystallisation temperature at 700 K for 1 h and then at 770 K for 3.5 h. The structure of the samples was examined by X-ray diffraction measurements (XRD). It was found, that all of measured samples in the as-cast state and after thermal treatment, were amorphous. On the basis of virgin magnetisation curve analysis, the type, size and density of structural defects occurring in the investigated samples were determined. It was found that after the first stage of annealing, decay of linear defects (pseudo-dislocation dipoles) into smaller, more thermodynamically stable, point defects occurs. The presence of point like defects was also confirmed after the second stage of annealing.
Influence of Selected Parameters of Continuous Casting in the Electromagnetic Field on the Distribution of Graphite and Properties of Grey Cast Iron
Authors: Szajnar J. , Stawarz M. , Wróbel T. , Sebzda W. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In paper problem concerning modification of grey cast iron EN-GJL-200 Grade, which is realized mainly by intensification of liquid metal movement in horizontal continuous casting mould containing electromagnetic stirrer is presented. The range of studies contains influence of electromagnetic field on morphology of graphite and usable properties i.e. tensile strength, hardness and machinability. Moreover the influence of velocity of ingot pulling on microstructure was analyzed. The results of studies and their analysis show possibility of improvement in quality of grey cast iron continuous ingot firstly in result of elimination of hard spots in structure by properly selection of velocity of ingot pulling and second in result of unification of size, shape and distribution of flake graphite by application of electromagnetic field.
Protecting Melted Zinc-Aluminium based Foundry Alloys Against Hydrogen Pick-Up
Authors: Krajewski W.K. , Piwowarski G. , Krajewski P.K. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The paper is devoted to examinations of the refining efficiency of fluxes and refiners applied during melting of zinc and zinc-aluminium alloys. The content of gases, mainly hydrogen, in the alloys not protected during the charge melting and in the ones protected with the fluxes and/or refined is discussed. The performed examinations show that using the protecting fluxes and melt-refining before pouring leads to significant improvement of ductility in Zn and binary Zn-Al alloys as well as significant increase of the material clearness confirmed by increased density. Furthermore, the metallurgical yields are also increased.
Effect Of Cr and V Alloy Additions on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Am60 Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Rapiejko C. , Pisarek B. , Pacyniak T. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The paper presents the results of the investigation of the effect of Cr and/or V alloy additions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the magnesium AM60 alloy. The examinations are performed within the frames of a project aiming at the elaboration of an experimental and industrial technology of producing constructively complex elements of machines and devices made of magnesium alloys with the method of investment casting. It has been proven that small numbers of Cr and V alloy additions improve the strength properties: Rm, A%, and the hardness HB of the obtained casts. The experimental casts were made in ceramic molds.
Forming the Structure of Composite Metallic Foams
Authors: Gawdzińska K. , Grabian J. , Szweycer M. , Przetakiewicz W. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The Department of Marine Materials Engineering, Maritime University of Szczecin, has conducted research on the technology of metallic composites, focusing on composite aluminium foams stabilized with ceramic particles. One technology which enables efficient, inexpensive and diversified - in terms of foam structure - control of foam properties is the foundry technology consisting in gas injection into liquid metal. This method requires precise control of the process parameters, especially regarding temperature stabilization, as well as precise injection of the gas into the metal. The process of foaming of liquid aluminium or its silicon alloys can also be conducted using ceramic particles. This is a metallic-ceramic composite foaming process (patent PL 211439 B1). The paper presents the process of structure forming of metallic-ceramic foams.
Solar radiation management impacts on agriculture in China: A case study in the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP)
Authors: Xia Lili , Robock Alan , Cole Jason , Curry Charles L. , Ji Duoying , Jones Andy , Kravitz Ben , Moore John C. , Muri Helene , Niemeier Ulrike , Singh Balwinder , Tilmes Simone , Watanabe Shingo , Yoon Jin‐Ho 
Published: June 2014

AbstractGeoengineering via solar radiation management could affect agricultural productivity due to changes in temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation. To study rice and maize production changes in China, we used results from 10 climate models participating in the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) G2 scenario to force the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) crop model. G2 prescribes an insolation reduction to balance a 1% a−1 increase in CO2 concentration (1pctCO2) for 50 years. We first evaluated the DSSAT model using 30 years (1978–2007) of daily observed weather records and agriculture practices for 25 major agriculture provinces in China and compared the results to observations of yield. We then created three sets of climate forcing for 42 locations in China for DSSAT from each climate model experiment: (1) 1pctCO2, (2) G2, and (3) G2 with constant CO2 concentration (409 ppm) and compared the resulting agricultural responses. In the DSSAT simulations: (1) Without changing management practices, the combined effect of simulated climate changes due to geoengineering and CO2 fertilization during the last 15 years of solar reduction would change rice production in China by −3.0 ± 4.0 megaton (Mt) (2.4 ± 4.0%) as compared with 1pctCO2 and increase Chinese maize production by 18.1 ± 6.0 Mt (13.9 ± 5.9%). (2) The termination of geoengineering shows negligible impacts on rice production but a 19.6 Mt (11.9%) reduction of maize production as compared to the last 15 years of geoengineering. (3) The CO2 fertilization effect compensates for the deleterious impacts of changes in temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation due to geoengineering on rice production, increasing rice production by 8.6 Mt. The elevated CO2 concentration enhances maize production in G2, contributing 7.7 Mt (42.4%) to the total increase. Using the DSSAT crop model, virtually all of the climate models agree on the sign of the responses, even though the spread across models is large. This suggests that solar radiation management would have little impact on rice production in China but could increase maize production.
Water‐Soluble Luminescent Cyclometalated Gold(III) Complexes with cis‐Chelating Bis(N‐Heterocyclic Carbene) Ligands: Synthesis and Photophysical Properties
Authors: Hung Faan‐Fung , To Wai‐Pong , Zhang Jing‐Jing , Ma Chensheng , Wong Wai‐Yeung , Che Chi‐Ming 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA new class of cyclometalated AuIII complexes containing various bidentate C‐deprotonated C^N and cis‐chelating bis(N‐heterocyclic carbene) (bis‐NHC) ligands has been synthesized and characterized. These are the first examples of AuIII complexes supported by cis‐chelating bis‐NHC ligands. [Au(C^N)(bis‐NHC)] complexes display emission in solutions under degassed condition at room temperature with emission maxima (λmax) at 498–633 nm and emission quantum yields of up to 10.1 %. The emissions are assigned to triplet intraligand (IL) π→π* transitions of C^N ligands. The AuIII complex containing a C^N (C‐deprotonated naphthalene‐substituted quinoline) ligand with extended π‐conjugation exhibits prompt fluorescence and phosphorescence of comparable intensity with λmax at 454 and 611 nm respectively. With sulfonate‐functionalized bis‐NHC ligand, four water‐soluble luminescent AuIII complexes, including those displaying both fluorescence and phosphorescence, were prepared. They show similar photophysical properties in water when compared with their counterparts in acetonitrile. The long phosphorescence lifetime of the water‐soluble AuIII complex with C‐deprotonated naphthalene‐substituted quinoline ligand renders it to function as ratiometric sensor for oxygen. Inhibitory activity of one of these water‐soluble AuIII complexes towards deubiquitinase (DUB) UCHL3 has been investigated; this complex also displayed a significant inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 0.15 μM.
Phospholipids improve selectivity and sensitivity of carbon electrodes: Determination of pesticide Paraquat
Authors: Švecová Hana , Součková Jitka , Pyszková Michaela , Svítková Jana , Labuda Ján , Skopalová Jana , Barták Petr 
Published: June 2014

Cyclic voltammetry and AC impedance spectroscopy were used for the investigation of properties and permeability of asolectin phospholipid layer and its influence on the voltammetric response of carbon electrodes. Permeability of the layer was tested using two electrochemically active compounds – paraquat as an example of lipophilic pesticide and copper sulphate as an example of hydrophilic substance. The phospholipid layer has suppressed the current response of copper ions effectively even in their large excess to paraquat. By contrast, the current response of lipophilic substance paraquat was almost unaffected by the phospholipid layer. As a result, the slope of calibration straightline for the copper ions was 14‐times lower at the modified electrode than at bare electrode. On the contrary, the slope of calibration curve for paraquat was almost the same at modified electrode compared to bare electrode. Unmodified (CPE) and phospholipid modified (LMCPE) carbon paste electrode were applied to the determination of paraquat by adsorptive stripping differential pulse voltammetry. Detection limits 0.8 and 0.2 µmol/L were obtained from the calibration dependencies for CPE and LMCPE, respectively. SPE was used for preconcentration of paraquat from model water samples and the recovery of the whole procedure was higher than 92%.Practical applications: Improvement in both selectivity and sensitivity to lipophilic pesticide paraquat was observed after modification of the glassy carbon electrode and carbon paste electrode with soybean phospholipids (asolectin). The approach can be used for increasing of sensitivity of analytical methods, for development of electrochemical sensors as well as in research of phospholipid aggregates and its properties.Improvement in both selectivity and sensitivity to lipophilic pesticide paraquat was observed after modification of the glassy carbon electrode and carbon paste electrode with soybean phospholipids (asolectin).
Effect of organic cultivation of Picual and Hojiblanca olive varieties on the quality of virgin olive oil at four ripening stages
Authors: Jimenez Brigida , Sánchez‐Ortiz Araceli , Lorenzo Maria Luisa , Rivas Ana 
Published: June 2014

In recent years, there has been a remarkable development of organic agriculture worldwide, including in olive cultivation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics and nutritional quality of virgin olive oils extracted from two of the most widespread olive varieties in Spain (Picual and Hojiblanca) at different olive‐ripening stages, grown using organic or conventional methods. The results of this study showed significant differences in the acidity, oxidative stability, tocopherol contents, fatty acid composition and phenol contents of oils from organically and conventionally cultivated olives. However, the variety and the maturity stage of the olives had a greater effect on the physico‐chemical and nutritional parameters than whether the cultivation method was organic or conventional. Due to the growing interest in organic olive oil in the national and international markets, more studies that analyse the effect of organic cultivation on the quality of olive oil are required.This study evaluates the quality characteristics of virgin olive oils extracted from two of the most widespread olive varieties in Spain (Picual and Hojiblanca) at different olive‐ripening stages, grown using organic or conventional methods. The results showed significant differences in the acidity, oxidative stability, tocopherol contents, fatty acid composition and phenol contents of oils from organically and conventionally cultivated olives.
Bidirectional behavior of unreinforced masonry walls
Authors: Dolatshahi Kiarash M. , Aref Amjad J. , Yekrangnia Mohammad 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYMost of the studies related to the modeling of masonry structures have by far investigated either the in‐plane (IP) or the out‐of‐plane (OP) behavior of walls. However, seismic loads mostly impose simultaneous IP and OP demands on load‐bearing or shear masonry walls. Thus, there is a need to reconsider design equations of unreinforced masonry walls by taking into account bidirectional effects. The intent of this study is to investigate the bidirectional behavior of an unreinforced masonry wall with a typical aspect ratio under different displacement‐controlled loading directions making use of finite element analysis. For this purpose, the numerical procedure is first validated against the results of the tests on walls with different failure modes conducted by the authors. Afterward, the response of the wall systems is evaluated with increasing top displacement having different orientations. A set of 19 monotonic and three cyclic loading analyses are performed, and the results are discussed in terms of the variation of failure modes and load–displacement diagrams. Moreover, the results of wall capacity in each loading condition are compared with those of the ASCE41‐06 formulations. The results indicate that the direction of the resultant force, vectorial summation of IP and OP forces, of the wall is initially proportional to the ratio of stiffness in the IP and the OP directions. However, with the increase of damage, the resultant force direction inclines towards the wall's longitudinal direction regardless of the direction of the imposed displacement. Finally, recommendations are made for applicability of ASCE41‐06 formulations under different bidirectional loading conditions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impaired development of intrinsic connectivity networks in children with medically intractable localization‐related epilepsy
Authors: Ibrahim George M. , Morgan Benjamin R. , Lee Wayne , Smith Mary Lou , Donner Elizabeth J. , Wang Frank , Beers Craig A. , Federico Paolo , Taylor Margot J. , Doesburg Sam M. , Rutka James T. , Carter Snead O. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractTypical childhood development is characterized by the emergence of intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs) by way of internetwork segregation and intranetwork integration. The impact of childhood epilepsy on the maturation of ICNs is, however, poorly understood. The developmental trajectory of ICNs in 26 children (8–17 years) with localization‐related epilepsy and 28 propensity‐score matched controls was evaluated using graph theoretical analysis of whole brain connectomes from resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. Children with epilepsy demonstrated impaired development of regional hubs in nodes of the salience and default mode networks (DMN). Seed‐based connectivity and hierarchical clustering analysis revealed significantly decreased intranetwork connections, and greater internetwork connectivity in children with epilepsy compared to controls. Significant interactions were identified between epilepsy duration and the expected developmental trajectory of ICNs, indicating that prolonged epilepsy may cause progressive alternations in large‐scale networks throughout childhood. DMN integration was also associated with better working memory, whereas internetwork segregation was associated with higher full‐scale intelligence quotient scores. Furthermore, subgroup analyses revealed the thalamus, hippocampus, and caudate were weaker hubs in children with secondarily generalized seizures, relative to other patient subgroups. Our findings underscore that epilepsy interferes with the developmental trajectory of brain networks underlying cognition, providing evidence supporting the early treatment of affected children. Hum Brain Mapp 35:5686–5700, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.