bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Always Correlated gene expression landscape for ovine skeletal muscle, lessons learnt from comparison with an “equivalent” bovine landscape
Authors: Sun Wei , Hudson Nicholas J , Reverter Antonio , Waardenberg Ashley J , Tellam Ross L , Vuocolo Tony , Byrne Keren , Dalrymple Brian P 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Background
We have recently described a method for the construction of an informative gene expression correlation landscape for a single tissue, longissimus muscle (LM) of cattle, using a small number (less than a hundred) of diverse samples. Does this approach facilitate interspecies comparison of networks?

Findings
Using gene expression datasets from LM samples from a single postnatal time point for high and low muscling sheep, and from a developmental time course (prenatal to postnatal) for normal sheep and sheep exhibiting the Callipyge muscling phenotype gene expression correlations were calculated across subsets of the data comparable to the bovine analysis. An “Always Correlated” gene expression landscape was constructed by integrating the correlations from the subsets of data and was compared to the equivalent landscape for bovine LM muscle. Whilst at the high level apparently equivalent modules were identified in the two species, at the detailed level overlap between genes in the equivalent modules was limited and generally not significant. Indeed, only 395 genes and 18 edges were in common between the two landscapes.

Conclusions
Since it is unlikely that the equivalent muscles of two closely related species are as different as this analysis suggests, within tissue gene expression correlations appear to be very sensitive to the samples chosen for their construction, compounded by the different platforms used. Thus users need to be very cautious in interpretation of the differences. In future experiments, attention will be required to ensure equivalent experimental designs and use cross-species gene expression platform to enable the identification of true differences between different species.
Morphometrical diagnosis of the malaria vectors Anopheles cruzii, An. homunculus and An. bellator
Authors: Lorenz Camila , Marques Tatiani Cristina , Sallum Maria Anice Mureb , Suesdek Lincoln 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundAnopheles(Kerteszia)cruziiis a primary vector ofPlasmodiumparasites in Brazil’s Atlantic Forest. Adult females ofAn. cruziiandAn. homunculus, which is a secondary malaria vector, are morphologically similar and difficult to distinguish when using external morphological characteristics only. These two species may occur syntopically withAn.bellator, which is also a potential vector ofPlasmodiumspecies and is morphologically similar toAn. cruziiandAn. homunculus. Identification of these species based on female specimens is often jeopardised by polymorphisms, overlapping morphological characteristics and damage caused to specimens during collection. Wing geometric morphometrics has been used to distinguish several insect species; however, this economical and powerful tool has not been applied toKertesziaspecies. Our objective was to assess wing geometry to distinguishAn. cruzii,An. homunculusandAn. bellator.MethodsSpecimens were collected in an area in the Serra do Mar hotspot biodiversity corridor of the Atlantic Forest biome (Cananeia municipality, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil). The right wings of females ofAn. cruzii(n= 40),An. homunculus(n= 50) andAn. bellator(n= 27) were photographed. For each individual, 18 wing landmarks were subjected to standard geometric morphometrics. Discriminant analysis of Procrustean coordinates was performed to quantify wing shape variation.ResultsIndividuals clustered into three distinct groups according to species with a slight overlap between representatives ofAn. cruziiandAn. homunculus. The Mahalanobis distance betweenAn. cruziiandAn. homunculuswas consistently lower (3.50) than that betweenAn. cruziiandAn. bellator(4.58) orAn. homunculusandAn. bellator(4.32). Pairwise cross-validated reclassification showed that geometric morphometrics is an effective analytical method to distinguish betweenAn.bellator,An. cruziiandAn. homunculuswith a reliability rate varying between 78-88%. Shape analysis revealed that the wings ofAn. homunculusare narrower than those ofAn. cruziiand thatAn. bellatoris different from both of the congeneric species.ConclusionIt is possible to distinguish among the vectorsAn. cruzii,An. homunculusandAn. bellatorbased on female wing characteristics.
Optimizing global health experiences in emergency medicine residency programs: a consensus statement from the Council of Emergency Medicine Residency Directors 2011 Academic Assembly global health specialty track
Authors: Tupesis Janis P , Babcock Christine , Char Doug , Alagappan Kumar , Hexom Braden , Kapur G Bobby 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Background
An increasing number of emergency medicine (EM) residency training programs have residents interested in participating in clinical rotations in other countries. However, the policies that each individual training program applies to this process are different. To our knowledge, little has been done in the standardization of these experiences to help EM residency programs with the evaluation, administration and implementation of a successful global health clinical elective experience. The objective of this project was to assess the current status of EM global health electives at residency training programs and to establish recommendations from educators in EM on the best methodology to implement successful global health electives.

Methods
During the 2011 Council of Emergency Medicine Residency Directors (CORD) Academic Assembly, participants met to address this issue in a mediated discussion session and working group. Session participants examined data previously obtained via the CORD online listserve, discussed best practices in global health applications, evaluations and partnerships, and explored possible solutions to some of the challenges. In addition a survey was sent to CORD members prior to the 2011 Academic Assembly to evaluate the resources and processes for EM residents’ global experiences.

Results
Recommendations included creating a global health working group within the organization, optimizing a clearinghouse of elective opportunities for residents and standardizing elective application materials, site evaluations and resident assessment/feedback methods. The survey showed that 71.4% of respondents have global health partnerships and electives. However, only 36.7% of programs require pre-departure training, and only 20% have formal competency requirements for these global health electives.

Conclusions
A large number of EM training programs have global health experiences available, but these electives and the trainees may benefit from additional institutional support and formalized structure.
Murine Borrelia arthritis is highly dependent on ASC and caspase-1, but independent of NLRP3
Authors: Oosting Marije , Buffen Kathrin , Malireddi Subbarao RK , Sturm Patrick , Verschueren Ineke , Koenders Marije I , van de Veerdonk Frank L , van der Meer Jos WM , Netea Mihai G , Kanneganti Thirumala-Devi , Joosten Leo AB 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Introduction
The protein platform called the NOD-like-receptor -family member (NLRP)-3 inflammasome needs to be activated to process intracellular caspase-1. Active caspase-1 is able to cleave pro-Interleukin (IL)-1β, resulting in bioactive IL-1β. IL-1β is a potent proinflammatory cytokine, and thought to play a key role in the pathogenesis of Lyme arthritis, a common manifestation of Borrelia burgdorferi infection. The precise pathways through which B. burgdorferi recognition leads to inflammasome activation and processing of IL-1β in Lyme arthritis has not been elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the contribution of several pattern recognition receptors and inflammasome components in a novel murine model of Lyme arthritis.

Methods
Lyme arthritis was elicited by live B. burgdorferi, injected intra-articularly in knee joints of mice. To identify the relevant pathway components, the model was applied to wild-type, NLRP3-/-, ASC-/-, caspase-1-/-, NOD1-/-, NOD2-/-, and RICK-/- mice. As a control, TLR2-/-, Myd88-/- and IL-1R-/- mice were used. Peritoneal macrophages and bone marrow-derived macrophages were used for in vitro cytokine production and inflammasome activation studies. Joint inflammation was analyzed in synovial specimens and whole knee joints. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to detect statistical differences.

Results
We demonstrate that ASC/caspase-1-driven IL-1β is crucial for induction of B. burgdorferi-induced murine Lyme arthritis. In addition, we show that B. burgdorferi-induced murine Lyme arthritis is less dependent on NOD1/NOD2/RICK pathways while the TLR2-MyD88 pathway is crucial.

Conclusions
Murine Lyme arthritis is strongly dependent on IL-1 production, and B. burgdorferi induces inflammasome-mediated caspase-1 activation. Next to that, murine Lyme arthritis is ASC- and caspase-1-dependent, but NLRP3, NOD1, NOD2, and RICK independent. Also, caspase-1 activation by B. burgdorferi is dependent on TLR2 and MyD88. Based on present results indicating that IL-1 is one of the major mediators in Lyme arthritis, there is a rationale to propose that neutralizing IL-1 activity may also have beneficial effects in chronic Lyme arthritis.
AEROMAGNETIC AND GRAVITY STUDIES OF THE PRECAMBRIAN IN NORTHEASTERN NEW MEXICO
Authors: Andreasen G. E. , Kane M. F. , Zietz Isidore 
Published: November 2012

A contour map of the Precambrian surface for a part of northeastern New Mexico has been prepared from aeromagnetic, gravity, and drill-hole data. The area extends approximately from the Colorado border south to latitude 34° N., and from the foothills of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains east to longitude 104° W. Thirty-seven depths to Precambrian rocks were computed from aeromagnetic anomalies. Regional gravity anomalies were generally not suitable for quantitative analysis, but the gravity highs correlated with known areas of basement highs, providing a basis for contouring in areas of meager depth control. Drill-hole data provided 61 depths to basement in and near the survey area. The contouring along the east edge of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains was guided by exposures of Precambrian rocks. A principal feature of the contour map is the Sierre Grande Arch, a basement highland that trends southwest across the area to the northwest part of Guadalupe County. Major depressions are outlined west of Vegas Junction, northeast of Santa Rosa, and north and northeast of Las Vegas. The largest of these, the Las Vegas basin, occupies more than 1,000 square miles and may be more than 10,000 ft deep
Vitamin a supplementation, serum lipids, liver enzymes and C-reactive protein concentrations in obese women of reproductive age
Authors: Farhangi Mahdieh Abbasalizad , Keshavarz Seyyed Ali , Eshraghian Mohammadreza , Ostadrahimi Alireza , Saboor-Yaraghi Ali Akbar 
Published: November 2012

Background High-dose vitamin A influences glucose and lipid profile; however, the possible effects of moderate doses (25,000 IU/d) are conflicting. We aimed to compare the effect of vitamin A supplementation on several anthropometric and biochemical variables between obese and non-obese women. Methods This study was performed on 84 women among whom 56 were obese (body mass index [BMI] 30-35 kg/m2) and 28 were non-obese (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2). Obese women were randomly divided into two groups: one group received 25,000 IU/d retinyl palmitate and another group received placebo. The third group was age-matched non-obese women who received 25,000 IU/d retinyl palmitate. At baseline and four months after intervention, fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profile, C-reactive protein (CRP) and liver enzymes were evaluated. Results Baseline concentrations of serum FBG and triglyceride in the obese vitamin A-treated group were significantly higher compared with the other groups (P = 0.004 and 0.007, respectively). A significant increase in serum FBG (P = 0.026), total cholesterol (TC) (P = 0.004) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (P = 0.016) in the non-obese group and a significant decrease in serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P = 0.001) in the obese group was observed. Serum CRP increased significantly in the obese vitamin A-treated group (P = 0.03) and serum aspartate transaminase increased significantly in the obese and non-obese groups after vitamin A supplementation (P = 0.008 and 0.001, respectively). Conclusions Treatment with 25,000 IU/d vitamin A induced a mild elevation in serum lipids, CRP and liver enzymes in obese and non-obese women. Considering the other information about possible side-effects of excess vitamin A, use of vitamin A in this dose and duration should be considered with caution.
Validation of diagnostic criteria using gadoxetic acid-enhanced and diffusion-weighted MR imaging for small hepatocellular carcinoma (≤ 2.0 cm) in patients with hepatitis-induced liver cirrhosis
Authors: Park Min Jung , Kim Young Kon , Lee Mi Hee , Lee Jiyoung Hwang Won Jae 
Published: November 2012

Background Gadoxetic acid and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is increasingly used for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is relevant to refine the diagnostic parameters for HCC, using state-of-the-art imaging techniques. Purpose To validate usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) criteria with gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI and DWI for diagnosis of small HCC by differentiation from dysplastic nodule (DN) or regenerative nodule (RN) in cirrhotic patients with strongly suspected small HCC. Material and Methods One hundred and eight patients with 102 HCCs and 29 benign nodules including 21 DNs and two large RNs (≤ 2.0 cm), and 40 patients with no HCC underwent gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI and DWI. All patients also underwent MDCT. Index MR criteria for HCC were: (i) arterial hyperenhancement and hypointensity on hepatobiliary phase (HBP) with hyperintensity on DWI; (ii) hypovascular nodule with hyperintensity on DWI; (iii) arterial hyperenhancement and hypointensity on HBP without hyperintensity on DWI; (iv) arterial hyperenhancement and either iso- or hyperintensity on HBP, with hyperintensity on DWI; and (v) hyperintensity only on DWI. According to these criteria, MRI findings for HCCs and benign nodules were independently classified by two reviewers. Results On multidetector-row computed tomography, 64 HCCs (62.7%) showed typical features for HCC while 13 (12.8%) were not identified. On MRI, 84 HCCs (82.4%) showed arterial hyperenhancement and hypointensity on HBP, and hyperintensity on DWI. Eight HCCs were regarded as hypovascular HCCs with hyperintensity DWI (category 2). One HCC (0.6 cm in diameter) was demonstrated only by DWI. For each observer, 101 (99.0%) and 100 HCCs (98.0%) were discernible when applying all MRI criteria for HCC, respectively. Three DNs also fit the HCC criteria, thus the specificity was 90.9% for both observers. Conclusion With the HCC criteria based on combined gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI and DWI, it is possible to reliably diagnose small HCC including hypovascular HCCs.
Cancer Chemoprevention: Successes and Failures
Authors: Patterson Sherri L , Colbert Maresso Karen , Hawk Ernest 
Published: November 2012

BACKGROUND
Cancer has traditionally been considered a single disease, but it is now known to be far more complex, with an unfolding etiology. In less than 2 centuries, hundreds—if not thousands—of drugs for the treatment of cancer and for palliative care have been developed and tested, with 143 having achieved approval by the US Food and Drug Administration (MediLexicon International; “Cancer Drugs & Oncology Drugs,” http://www.medilexicon.com/drugs-list/cancer.php). Just 13 agents have been approved, however, for treating precancerous lesions or for reducing risk.

CONTENT
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, vitamins, food constituents and spice components, antidiabetic drugs, ω-3 fatty acids, and fiber are just a few of the many classes of compounds that have been tested for their cancer-preventive potential. We highlight some of the agents that have been scrutinized by way of randomized clinical trials in humans for their cancer prevention potential. We summarize the major definitive cancer chemoprevention studies that (a) were successful in demonstrating efficacy and ultimately received regulatory approval; (b) were not successful in demonstrating efficacy or had unacceptable toxicities, but from which the field has learned important lessons; and (c) showed compelling efficacy against surrogate end points but failed to achieve regulatory approval because of a lack of consensus regarding the relevance of those end points to clinical benefit.

SUMMARY
Chemopreventive studies have provided new insights into early disease pathogenesis, stimulated new risk assessments and models, fostered important research in end point biomarkers, and led to 13 approved agents. The development of safe and effective chemopreventive agents holds tremendous potential for reducing the burden of cancer.
A matter of perspective: The impact of first- and third-person perspective on the perception of virtual group discussions
Authors: Hoffmann Laura , Haferkamp Nina , Klatt Jennifer , Lam-Chi Anh , Krämer Nicole C. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT
The usage of virtual environments (VEs) in organizational settings has become increasingly important. Virtual group meetings, for instance, enable discussions between people who work far away from each other without requiring travel. However, what remains open is the question of whether the technology itself impacts decision making within the group. The present study used a (quasi-)experimental design to test whether manipulating the mediated perspective on a virtual meeting influences decision making in virtual groups. A total of 78 participants engaged in virtual group discussion, each comprising four people, who were visualized by avatars. During the virtual meeting participants either looked through the eyes of their avatars (first-person perspective) or viewed the back of their avatars (third-person perspective) in the VEs. Results indicated that participants who were visualized in the first-person perspective reported a higher involvement in the group discussion and also more satisfaction with the group decision than participants in the third-person perspective.
‘No one-handed typing’: An exploration of gameness, rules and spoilsports in an erotic role play community in World of Warcraft
Authors: Brown Ashley 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT
This article merges classic and contemporary texts in the study of games as tools to explore how endogenous and exogenous rules are created and maintained in a community of North and Central American erotic role players in the massive multiplayer online role playing game World of Warcraft. The data for this article comes from nine months of immersive fieldwork on a role-playing server in which participant observation, case studies and in-depth interviews were used to generally explore the topic of erotic play within the game. The data of relevance to this article comes from two in-game interviews as well as observations on the guild’s forum. The first interview excerpt comes from a discussion in which the leaders of the guild were asked to recount their experiences enforcing the guild’s rules, whilst the second excerpt comes from an interview with a player who discussed the endogenous and exogenous rules she has created to ensure that her erotic play contributes to the narrative of her character. Within the guild forum, observations came from a message board dedicated to erotic role play (ERP), which includes rules that outline acceptable erotic behaviour. Through an analysis of the two player interviews, as well as the guild’s forum rules, an argument develops for viewing ERP as a game in and of itself with its own rules and goals separate to those of the World of Warcraft. In viewing ERP as a game, we also view the processes used by its players to define and create their own goals for play. The article will conclude with a discussion on the functionality of rules like ‘no one-handed typing’ situated within the larger context of World of Warcraft.
Kontingente Konnektionen. Walter Benjamins Kritik der Schuld
Authors: Loick Daniel 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
This essay explores Walter Benjamin’s critique of the concept of guilt as it underlies the occidental notion of “connective justice”. It describes both the political-moral and the psychological-ethical effects of guilt and reconstructs Benjamin’s idea of ‘Entsühnung’, understood as a rigorous termination of the circle between act and consequence. Finally, possible political, ethical and historical alternatives are discussed.
Form und Inhalt. Möglichkeiten der Briefform für die Philosophie
Authors: Vendrell Ferran Íngrid , Wille Katrin 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Taking as a point of departure the thesis that philosophical content and stylistic form are internally related to each other, we explore in our text the possibilities enabled by the literary form of the letter. We begin with a brief description of the current situation of the academic philosophy around the world characterized by international migrations of thinkers and thoughts. In the second section, we highlight the importance of the literary form of the letter in the current background dominated by the canonical format of the paper. In the third and fourth sections we focus on the main features and current use of this literary form and examine its possibilities for philosophy. In the final section, we render plausible our thesis examining with different examples how is possible to write letters about philosophy and to do philosophy in and through letters.
Der schwierige Umgang mit der Geschichte. Ein Brief aus Spanien
Authors: Rühle Volker 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The essay condenses experiences of my work in Spanish universities in a constellation of five topics: 1. The actual situation of philosophy in Spain, 2. Her historical dimension, 3. The corresponding style of philosophical writing by the example of Ortega y Gasset, 4. Beyond the tension of traditionalism and modernity: the underestimated philosophy of Javier Zubiri, 5. Perspectives.
Mapping the Genetic Basis of Symbiotic Variation in Legume-Rhizobium Interactions inMedicago truncatula
Authors: Gorton Amanda J , Heath Katy D , Pilet-Nayel Marie-Laure , Baranger Alain , Stinchcombe John R 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMutualisms are known to be genetically variable, where the genotypes differ in the fitness benefits they gain from the interaction. To date, little is known about the loci that underlie such genetic variation in fitness or whether the loci influencing fitness are partner specific, and depend on the genotype of the interaction partner. In the legume-rhizobium mutualism, one set of potential candidate genes that may influence the fitness benefits of the symbiosis are the plant genes involved in the initiation of the signaling pathway between the two partners. Here we performed quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping in Medicago truncatula in two different rhizobium strain treatments to locate regions of the genome influencing plant traits, assess whether such regions are dependent on the genotype of the rhizobial mutualist (QTL × rhizobium strain), and evaluate the contribution of sequence variation at known symbiosis signaling genes. Two of the symbiotic signaling genes, NFP and DMI3, colocalized with two QTL affecting average fruit weight and leaf number, suggesting that natural variation in nodulation genes may potentially influence plant fitness. In both rhizobium strain treatments, there were QTL that influenced multiple traits, indicative of either tight linkage between loci or pleiotropy, including one QTL with opposing effects on growth and reproduction. There was no evidence for QTL × rhizobium strain or genotype × genotype interactions, suggesting either that such interactions are due to small-effect loci or that more genotype-genotype combinations need to be tested in future mapping studies.