bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depression-related testosterone deficiency is linked to reduced cholesterol levels in Leydig cells of CUMS mice
Authors: Huang Jiaojiao , Li Xinyu , Zhang Dongyu , Wang Luzhen , Li Zhao , Song Zhenhua 
Published: August 2024

In brief
Male reproductive problems under psychological stress were widely studied. Using chronically unpredictable mild stress-treated mice, we found that reduced serum testosterone levels were related to the low level of cholesterol in the Leydig cells.

Abstract
Testosterone deficiency in humans can be caused by depressive symptoms; however, the causes of this deficiency are incompletely understood. This study demonstrates that male mice with depression-like symptoms due to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) show reduced serum testosterone levels and disrupted sexual behaviors. However, the observed testosterone reductions were not caused by apoptosis of Leydig cells. Oil red O staining revealed that lipid droplets were dramatically decreased in Leydig cells, suggesting that defects in cholesterol uptake might be related to testosterone deficiency in depression-like mice. To investigate the potential mechanism, lipid homeostasis was examined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The results revealed that higher levels of sphingomyelins (SM 8:0;2O/28:1, 18:0;2O/22:2, 33:0;3O, 33:1;2O) were linked to decreased cholesterol levels. Further investigation indicated that testosterone biosynthesis from cholesterol in Leydig cells was impaired by the downregulation of Ldlr, Srb1, Lhr, and P450scc. Elevated levels of interferon signaling-associated pathways in depression-like mice testes may also contribute to decreased testosterone levels. Taken together, these findings provide a novel understanding of male reproductive problems under psychological stress and suggest that cholesterol uptake might be a causal factor in reduced testosterone production in depression-like mice.
Egzakt, véges mintás, sztochasztikus garanciák gépi tanulási módszerekhez
Authors: Tamás Ambrus 
Published: August 2024

Összefoglalás.

A gépi tanulás a mesterségesintelligencia-kutatások egyik fő pillére, melynek
matematikai hátterét a statisztikus tanuláselmélet biztosítja. A gépi tanulási
módszerek bizonytalanságának meghatározása esszenciálissá vált számos alkalmazás
esetében, többek között a biztonság, a stabilitás és a minőség garantálása
érdekében. Ebben a tanulmányban újra-mintavételező eljáráson alapuló
konfidenciahalmaz-becsléseket mutatunk be, amelyek eloszlásfüggetlen és véges
mintás korlátokat biztosítanak a becslések bizonytalanságára. A
konfidenciahalmazokat egzakt és konzisztens rangtesztek segítségével
konstruáljuk meg, és számos példán szemléltetjük. A várható értékre és a
feltételes várhatóérték-függvényre adunk halmazbecslést felügyelt tanulási
feladatok (regresszió és osztályozás) esetében.

Summary.

Machine learning (ML) is one of the fundamental methodologies within artificial
intelligence (AI), which is widely used in several fields, such as finance,
health care, manufacturing and control. A classical problem in ML is to estimate
the unknown parameters of an environment based on noisy observations. In many
real-world applications involving safety and stability criterions, it is
essential to quantify the uncertainty of these estimates.
Confidence regions are classical tools in uncertainty quantification, often used
to assess the quality of an estimate. In this paper we investigate a resampling
framework to construct confidence regions and hypothesis tests for several
supervised learning problems. First, we present a resampling scheme to build
confidence intervals for the expected value of an unknown symmetric
distribution. We generate alternative observations based on a candidate
parameter, then compare the original sample to the alternative dataset. If the
candidate parameter is equal to the true expected value, then the alternative
samples have the same distribution as the original sample, otherwise the
alternative samples follow a different distribution. This distributional
difference can be detected with a rank test. The main ideas of this procedure
can be generalized to regression and binary classification problems, in which
cases we build confidence regions for the true regression function.
The presented methods are endowed with strong theoretical guarantees. The
user-chosen confidence levels of the confidence regions are non-asymptotically
exact. The confidence sets are defined via flexible rank tests, while our
distributional assumptions are very mild. We usually assume symmetry or
exchangeability and therefore the presented algorithms are distribution-free,
thus superior to many other methods in practice. We also investigate the
asymptotic behaviors of the presented methods and establish several theoretical
results regarding the consistency of the confidence regions.
Unboxing the Archive with SpokenWeb UAlberta: A Case Study in Literary Audio Rights
Authors: Miya Chelsea , Kroon Ariel 
Published: August 2024

The following paper builds on recent theorizations of ethical archival methodologies, using a case study of archival "unboxings" at the SpokenWeb UAlberta as an invitation to think through critical questions such as these: How do we be good caretakers of audio data, aural/audio histories? Who are the stakeholders represented in the collection, and also, what is at stake, not just in terms of our legal obligations, but our ethical and moral responsibilities?
The paper explores how digitizing historical audio collections can create opportunities to open up a dialogue between scholars and artists, but at the same time also introduce new complexities around issues of privacy and consent. As we have found, “care-full” archival work, to use Cowan’s term, requires us to engage with and imagine past, present, and future media, as well as past, present, and future users.

Le présent article s'appuie sur des théorisations récentes des méthodologies archivistiques éthiques, en utilisant une étude de cas des "déballages" d'archives chez SpokenWeb UAlberta comme une invitation à réfléchir à des questions critiques telles que : Comment pouvons-nous être de bons gardiens des données audio, des histoires orales/audio ? Quels sont les parties prenantes représentées dans la collection, et également, quels sont les enjeux, non seulement en termes de nos obligations légales, mais aussi de nos responsabilités éthiques et morales ?
L'article explore comment la numérisation des collections audio historiques peut créer des opportunités pour ouvrir un dialogue entre chercheurs et artistes, tout en introduisant de nouvelles complexités liées aux questions de confidentialité et de consentement. Comme nous l'avons constaté, un travail archivistique "plein de soin", pour utiliser le terme de Cowan, exige que nous nous engagions avec et imaginions les médias du passé, du présent et du futur, ainsi que les utilisateurs du passé, du présent et du futur.
Effectiveness of microsurgical palatal tonsillectomy in patients with oropharyngeal cancer and metastases of squamous cell carcinoma into the cervical lymph nodes without identified primary lesion
Authors: Sokolova M. I. , Rostovtsev D. M. , Guz A. O. 
Published: August 2024

Introduction. Metastasis without an identified primary lesion is an unresolved and complex problem in clinical oncology. The issue of the necessity of primary lesion identification remains controversial. According to some studies, detection of the primary tumor potentially reduces the dose of radiation therapy and therefore prevents development of toxic reactions that reduce the quality of life of the patient, and in some cases completely eliminates the need for adjuvant therapy. Widespread development and application of robotic, microsurgical, and laser transoral techniques make it possible to verify latent oropharyngeal cancer. The detection of overexpression of p16 protein in metastatic affected lymph nodes may indicate the association of this pathology with human papillomavirus.Aim. To investigate the efficacy of microsurgical palatal tonsillectomy (using a surgical microscope) in diagnosis and treatment of occult oropharyngeal cancer in patients with cervical lymph node metastases of undetected primary site, determine the frequency of expression of the surrogate marker of human papillomavirus – protein p16.Materials and methods. The study was based on the results of diagnosing 82 patients with cervical lymph node metastases of undetected primary site. The inclusion criteria were morphologically verified cervical lymph node metastases of squamous cell carcinoma, absence of a primary tumour after a standard clinical examination. 10 patients underwent palatal tonsillectomy using a surgical microscope and cervical lymph node dissection based on the results of clinical examination and instrumental diagnostics.Results. The use of microsurgical palatal tonsillectomy in patients with metastases of squamous cell carcinoma in the cervical lymph nodes without identified primary lesion allowed to diagnose cancer of the palatine tonsil in 12.1 % of cases, cancer of this location associated with human papilloma virus in 70 % of cases.Conclusion. Microsurgical palatal tonsillectomy using a surgical microscope allowed us to not only verify occult palatine tonsil cancer, but also to establish accurate diagnosis and stage of the disease with subsequent determination of the scope of adjuvant therapy.
The effect of surgical access on functional and oncological results of resections in laryngeal cancer T2N0M0
Authors: Daikhes N. A. , Vinogradov V. V. , Reshulsky S. S. , Kochieva S. M. , Daikhes A. N. 
Published: August 2024

Introduction. Laryngeal cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm of the ENT organs. The preferred and primary therapy for this pathology is surgical intervention. The search for highly effective organ-saving methods of surgical treatment aimed at minimization of resection volume and preservation of functioning of the larynx continues. Current endolaryngeal surgery allows to improve functional results and is the most modern and advanced method.Aim. To compare functional and oncological results of surgical treatment of patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma Т2N0M0 performed through transcervical and endolaryngeal accesses.Materials and methods. The results of surgical treatment of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the vocal folds part of the larynx T2N0M0 performed between 2015 and 2020 at the Oncological Division of Head and Neck Tumors of the The National Medical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngology of the Federal Medico-Biological Agency of Russia were analyzed. The study included 49 men aged 52–72 years; the diagnosis was confirmed by histological examination. All patients underwent standard exams which led to diagnosis per the Tumor, Nodus and Metastasis international system.Results. Three-year recurrence-free survival after endolaryngeal resection of cancer of the vocal folds part of the larynx Т2N0M0 was 88.47 %, after transcervical resections it was 91.31 %. Analysis of functional and surgical results showed that compared to patients who underwent surgery through external access, in patients who underwent surgery with endolaryngeal access the rate of complications associated with the surgical wound in the early postoperative period was 13.04 % lower, frequency of cicatricial stenoses of the larynx was 20.06 % lower, and abnormalities of separating function of the larynx were 49.33 % rarer.Conclusion. In patients who underwent endolaryngeal resection of the larynx, better functional and surgical results were achieved compared to patients who underwent surgery through external access. Moreover, there was no statistically significant difference in oncological results between the study groups. This allows to conclude that minimally invasive endolaryngeal approaches are highly effective and functional in organ-saving surgeries for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the vocal fold part of the larynx T2N0M0.
Extended resections in locally advancer laryngeal cancer: clinical case
Authors: Azizyan R. I. , Isaeva M. T. , Stelmakh D. K. , Podvyaznikov S. O. 
Published: August 2024

The larynx is a vital and socially important organ performing respiratory, vocal, and protective functions. Therefore, organ-preserving approaches are the preferred methods in treatment of patients with laryngeal cancer.The article presents a possibility of performing organ-preserving surgical treatment of locally advanced laryngeal cancer, describes a clinical case of extended resection of the larynx, demonstrates options for defect reconstruction stages. The goal of the presented technique is to improve patients’ quality of life.
Methodology of forming a model of diagnosis-related groups for cases of medical care using surgery performed by laparoscopic access
Authors: Zheleznyakova I. A. , Volkova O. A. , Rumiantseva E. I. , Mikhailov I. A. , Fedyaev D. V. , Zuev A. V. , Plakhotnik O. S. , Trifonova G. V. , Vakhrusheva T. S. , Samsonova E. S. , Omelyanovskiy V. V. 
Published: August 2024

Background. A wide range of endosurgical treatment methods in various medical care profiles and the need for uniformity of calculations required developing a unified approach to the formation of diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) for cases of surgical medical care provided by laparoscopic access.Objective: to develop a methodology for the formation of a DRG model for cases of medical care using surgery performed by laparoscopic access in the context of the following medical care profiles: “coloproctology”, “urology”, “surgery (abdominal)”, “obstetrics and gynecology”, “pediatric urology-andrology”, “pediatric surgery”.Material and methods. The methodology for the formation of DRGs to pay for cases of medical care using surgery with laparoscopic access included the implementation of several stages: analysis of scientific and methodological documents, analysis of regulatory legal documents on the research topic, standardized expert survey of federal and regional medical centers (carried out in August 2023), formation of DRGs in the context of each profile, and calculation of cost-intensity coefficients.Results. Due to significant increase in the cost-intensity coefficient in nine newly formed DRGs to pay for cases of medical care provided by surgery with laparoscopic access, financial support of this type of surgical medical care almost doubled. The formed DRGs with appropriate cost-intensity coefficients were included in the Program on State Guarantees to Deliver Free Medical Care to the Citizens for 2024 and for the planning period of 2025 and 2026.Conclusion. The methodology of forming DRGs to pay for cases of medical care using surgery performed by laparoscopic access with a unified methodology for calculating costs for medical care provided an integrated approach to the process of forming DRGs for cases of surgical medical care, and unification of calculations for different medical care profiles.
Clinical and economic assessment of using topical bacterial lysate Imudon® for the treatment and prevention of acute upper respiratory tract infections in children
Authors: Kasimova A. R. , Kolbin A. S. 
Published: August 2024

Objective: pharmacoeconomic analysis of the feasibility of using topical bacterial lysate Imudon® for the treatment and prevention of acute upper respiratory tract infections in the pediatric population in comparison with other medicines belonging to the class of topical antiseptics.Material and methods. For the population calculated on the basis of Rosstat data, taking into account the Russian clinical recommendations "Acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI)" and "Acute tonsillitis and pharyngitis (acute tonsillopharyngitis)", the direct medical costs of medical care were determined. The cost of basic therapy of 1 case of acute respiratory infection (ARI) with symptoms of pharyngitis was calculated for two variants of clinical course: favorable (when ARI proceeds without complications and the patient does not need to be prescribed antibacterial drugs), and unfavorable (when confirmed bacterial infection joins and antibiotics are required). The indirect costs of child care are associated with lost gross domestic product (GDP). In estimating the GDP shortfall, it was assumed that the parent does not contribute to the country’s GDP during the entire childcare period.Results. GDP per capita for 2022 amounted to 2853.13 rubles per day. Thus, with a favorable course of the disease, indirect costs will be 19,972 rubles, and with an unfavorable course – 39,944 rubles. The total costs of the healthcare system and the state for 1 ARI patient are 32,192 rubles in case of favorable course and 71,644 rubles in case of unfavorable course. Imudon® administration allows reducing direct costs of parents for purchase of medicines for treatment of 1 ARI case by 23.6% compared to the therapeutic strategy associated with the use of local antiseptics.Conclusion. For the first time in Russian economic conditions, the use of Imudon® for the treatment and prevention of acute upper respiratory tract infections in children was evaluated. Its use from the first ARI symptoms allows refusing the use of local antiseptics, shortens the duration of the disease symptoms, and reduces the need for antibiotics, i.e. is feasibleable compared to local antiseptics.
Retraumatization in Undergraduate Medical Education: Evaluating the Prevalence and Support Resources Available to Students
Authors: Makhecha Keith , Doster Dominique L. , Standfest Makayla , Ritter E. Matthew , Stefanidis Dimitrios 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Retraumatization is the conscious or unconscious reminder of past trauma that results in a re-experiencing of the initial traumatic event. This phenomenon has been well-studied in primary and secondary education and has been shown to negatively impact the learning environment. Retraumatization in the context of undergraduate medical education has yet to be evaluated. Therefore, we sought to explore the prevalence of retraumatization in medical students, identify specific areas of UME that are retraumatizing, and evaluate effectiveness of psychological support available to students.
Methods:
A survey was created by a multidisciplinary team of health professions educators, revised through an iterative process, and distributed to all medical students at a single, large, academic institution. Respondents who endorsed prior trauma exposure met inclusion criteria for completing the survey. Data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel.
Results:
Of the school’s 1400 students, 85 responses were recorded for a response rate of 6.07%; this consisted of 20 males (23.5%), 46 females (54.1%), and 19 nonbinary (22.4%) students. 32 (37.6%) students reported no prior trauma and were excluded from survey completion. Of the 53 (62.4%) students completing the survey, retraumatization was experienced by 32 students (60.4%), which represents a prevalence of 37.6% among all medical students surveyed. 50% of females (n=23), 10% of males (n=2), and 36.8% of nonbinary (n=7) students reported retraumatization. Clinical rotations were identified as a retraumatizing setting by 59.3% (n=19) of students. Despite the availability of support services, 11 students (20.8%) reported being unaware of them when experiencing retraumatization. When asked about utilization of services, the majority of those who had experienced retraumatization did not utilize them (65.6%, n=21).
Conclusion:
Retraumatization is occurring in undergraduate medical education, particularly in the clinical years. Medical schools should attempt to enhance the ease of utilization of support resources to improve the learning environment for students.
COVID-19: Dados epidemiológicos e medidas de saúde pública em Pernambuco
Authors: Alves da Costa Victor , Crispim Joelson , Cristiny Pereira Michelly , Jesus Barreto de Melo Rêgo Moacyr , Galdino da Rocha Pitta Maira , Melgarejo da Rosa Michelle 
Published: August 2024

A pandemia de COVID-19 afetou o modo de vida de grande parte da população mundial. Medidas de saúde pública têm contribuído para reduzir a transmissão do vírus SARS-CoV-2. Até o momento, mais de cinco milhões de mortes estão relacionadas ao desenvolvimento da doença ao redor do mundo. O presente estudo discorre sobre as os dados epidemiológicos revelados sobre número de casos, mortes, medidas em saúde pública adotadas e como elas se comunicaram com o desenvolvimento da doença. Os dados foram coletados de bancos de dados de domínio público, como o DATASUS e dados da secretaria estadual de saúde de Pernambuco até mês de outubro de 2022. Em linhas gerais foi possível perceber que medidas em saúde pública contribuíram com o declínio do número de casos e mortes induzidos pela infecção do vírus SARS-CoV2. A resposta do poder público na utilização de lockdowns e rastreamento de novos casos melhorou ao longo da pandemia. Além disso, vacinação da população evitou muitas mortes durante a onda de infecções causadas pela variante Ômicron.
Disability in the Qur'an Manifestation of Repositioning from Exclusive to Inclusive
Authors: Puspitasari Niken Sylvia , Irfan Muhammad Zaidan , Al Faritzi Muhamad Redho 
Published: August 2024

This research is motivated by the rise of ableism. This research aims to discover Disability in the Qur'an Manifestation of Repositioning from Exclusive to Inclusive. This research uses library research by making the library the primary source for obtaining data. This research uses a qualitative approach to examine the theme of disability in the Qur'an and how the sacred text can be understood in a modern context as an effort to reposition from exclusive to inclusive. The results show that the Qur'an has many words for disability, namely, a'ma/ umyun, akmah, bukmun, shummun, and a'raj. There are 38 verses spread across 26 surahs of the Quran. There are four verses in the entire Qur'an about a person that speaks directly about their attitude towards a disabled person or refers to a person with a physical disability. The Qur'an sees people with disabilities as having to be tolerant like ordinary people or behave equally towards others, especially those who are weak to discrimination, which is a manifestation of the repositioning of exclusive to inclusive.
Model Penafsiran Kontemporer: Kajian Epistemologis terhadap al-Tafsîr al-Wasîț li-al-Qur’ân al-Karîm
Authors: Sufyan Muttaqin  , Cecep Alba  , Sansan Ziaul Haq  
Published: August 2024

Tafsir in the contemporary era is required to be able to present the instructions of the Qur'an dynamically in order to answer the challenges of the times. In order to fulfill this need, quite a few contemporary commentators have tried to compose their interpretations with a style, approach and method that are different from classical interpretations. Al-Tafsi>r al-Wasi>t} li-al-Qur'a>n al-Kari>mby Muh}ammad Sayyid T{ant}a>wi>is one of the tafsi>r works written to meet this need. This article does not agree with the view that considers contemporary tafsir as a genre of interpretation that has its own epistemological distinction, but supports the opinion that understands contemporary tafsir openly as tafsir works written in the present with its various genres. Using qualitative methods and an interpretive approach, this article shows that al-Tafsi>r al-Wasi>t}is a contemporary commentary of the Qur’a>n written to respond to various problems in today's life. Its tafsir epistemology is based on three main principles, those are presenting the exegesis in an easy way to understand; integration between narrated tradition and reason; and orientation towards solving contemporary problems. Even though it relies on traditional tafsir methodology, this tafsir is relatively capable of presenting flexibleinterpretations related to certain contemporary issues, without negating commonly agreed principles (al-qat}‘iyya>t).