bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does the disparity in baseline characteristics of patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement with 23 mm vs. 26 mm valves impact clinical outcome?
Authors: Escárcega Ricardo O. , Magalhaes Marco A. , Baker Nevin C. , Lipinski Michael J. , Minha Sa'ar , Torguson Rebecca , Chen Fang , Satler Lowell F. , Pichard Augusto D. , Waksman Ron 
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesWe sought to identify if baseline characteristic differences in patients who receive a 23 mm vs. 26 mm valve impact clinical outcomes.BackgroundTranscatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is currently an approved therapy for patients with severe aortic stenosis who are considered inoperable or are at high risk.MethodsWe retrospectively examined baseline characteristics and outcomes of patients receiving a 23 mm (n = 132) vs. 26 mm valve (n = 81) via the transfemoral approach.ResultsGender (P < 0.01), previous coronary artery bypass surgery (P < 0.01), history of atrial fibrillation (P = 0.04), and mean Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) score (P < 0.01) were significantly different between groups. There were no significant differences in the rates of minor/major vascular complications (2.2 vs. 3.7%, P = 0.68 and 13.0 vs. 12.3%, P = 0.89, respectively). Bleeding complications were also comparable (major bleed 2.3 vs. 1%, P >0.99, minor bleed 19.0 vs. 22.0%, P = 0.67 and life threatening bleed 7.0 vs. 5.0%, P = 0.77). In‐hospital death (6.0 vs. 5.0%, P >0.99), 30‐day all‐cause death (7.6 vs. 6.2%, P = 0.69), and all‐cause death at 1 year (17.4 vs. 25.9%, P = 0.13) were also similar between groups. Gender, valve size, previous coronary bypass surgery and atrial fibrillation were not independently associated with mortality; however, on multivariate analysis STS score was (HR 1.11; 95% CI 1.02–1.19; P = 0.01).ConclusionPatients undergoing TAVR with 23 and 26 mm valves have similar clinical outcomes despite significant differences in baseline characteristics. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prediction of Water Activity in Aqueous Polyol Solutions
Authors: Fysun Olga , Stoeckel Marina , Thienel Katharina J. F. , Wäschle Friederike , Palzer Stefan , Hinrichs Jörg 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn intermediate moisture foods polyols are added to decrease the water activity. However, an easily readable diagram for industrial use describing combined effects of different polyols on the final water activity of the food product is, to our knowledge, missing. Therefore, in this study the influence of sorbitol and glycerol on the water activity in the range of 0.6 – 0.8 in monomeric and binary polyol solutions was examined and predicted using combinations of the Raoult, Norrish and Ross equations. A ternary diagram describing the combined effects for the use in confectionery was developed.
Why Did False Rumors Diffuse after the 2011 Earthquake off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku? Impact Analysis of the Network Structure
Authors: USUI SHOHEI , TORIUMI FUJIO , HIRAYAMA TAKATSUGU , ENOKIBORI YU , MASE KENJI 
Published: August 2015

SUMMARYAs a steady new network communications tool, social media have reached global proportions. This phenomenon has had an impact on societies all over the world. Above all, people provide information to Twitter and Facebook on a daily basis. As a result, vast amounts of data exist on Twitter and Facebook, and we can expect to gather useful information from these services. Twitter was changed by the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake. Further, Twitter greatly contributed to the diffusion of information. For example, many users checked on the safety of their friends or family. However, numerous false rumors were spread, probably due to the source of information being unclear. To prepare for future disasters, we must analyze the diffusion of information through social media as soon as possible. In this paper we analyze how the diffusion of information on Twitter has been influenced by structural changes in the network that are caused by communication among users. As a result, just after the 2011 earthquake in the Tohoku region in Japan, it became easier for information to spread in the network. However, this means that misinformation too can spread. We also found that a few users believed misinformation despite being corrected.
Person Search System Using Clothing Features
Authors: OTSUKI MASAFUMI , MIYAKI YUU , NAKAMURA AKIO 
Published: August 2015

SUMMARYThis paper proposes a person search system that uses clothing features. The system uses a camera to obtain the appearance of a person and a range sensor for person detection and direction estimation. The system detects a moving person based on background subtraction using distance information and histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) features. The clothing area is extracted according to the positions of the person's shoulders and waist. The clothes are characterized by four features that are calculated from the color histogram, color differences, frequency, and co‐occurrence matrix. The system recognizes the same clothing based on the degree of similarity, which is obtained by comparing clothing features. However, two problems can be assumed: (1) the appearance of clothing differs depending on the body direction and (2) the color of clothing changes depending on the illumination. For the former problem, we prepared three databases (front/side/rear views) corresponding to the direction of the person. The system estimates the direction of the person by using information on the body arc based on ellipse fitting. The direction is determined as perpendicular to the long axis of the ellipse fitted to the cross‐section of the body. Concerning the latter problem, we calibrated the color information to correspond to the environment. The method recognizes clothes by selecting the database provided for the direction of the person. The results showed that it was robust in identifying specific persons.
Expression of CD11c in periprosthetic tissues from failed total hip arthroplasties
Authors: Chamaon Kathrin , Barber Henriette , Awiszus Friedemann , Feuerstein Bernd , Lohmann Christoph H. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn this work, we characterize integrin CD11c (αXß2) expression in periprosthetic tissues of 45 hip revisions. Tissues were retrieved from 23 ceramic‐on‐ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), 20 metal‐on‐UHMWPE, and 2 metal‐on‐metal total hip arthroplasties (THAs). Capsular tissue retrieved during primary THA from 19 patients served as controls. We identified a system to identify important immunohistochemical markers that are expressed in aseptic loosening. We focused on CD11c, CD68 and CD14. We observed that the CD11c molecule possesses four different cellular patterns in the periprosthetic tissues. Three of them are associated with the occurrence of UHMWPE abrasive material. Double staining with CD14 and CD68 was used for a more detailed analysis of the CD11c expressing cells. We observed that all forms of CD11c positive cells are CD68 positive however, only two forms of CD11c expressing cells are positive for CD14. Providing cellular diversity of CD11c expression in periprosthetic tissue, our results provide a contribution toward the further understanding of different cellular mechanisms to foreign body material. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 136–144, 2016.
Teaching Development Studies in Japan: Navigating Between Eastern and Western Discourses of Development
Authors: Ito Sanae 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis paper examines how development studies teachers in Japan are caught between Western and Eastern discourses of development amidst the changing political and economic realities unfolding in East Asia. The generally weak involvement of anthropologists in development studies teaching results in the preoccupation of Japan's development community with the task of uncovering the country's unique development experience distinct from the Western countries'. The paper argues that development studies institutions in Japan should become more sensitised to their identity as a source of discourse and that students doing development studies there should be taught to discern the competing Eastern and Western discourses of international development. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changing incidence of cystic fibrosis in Wisconsin, USA
Authors: Parker‐McGill Katelyn , Nugent Melodee , Bersie Rachel , Hoffman Gary , Rock Michael , Baker Mei , M. Farrell Philip , Simpson Pippa , Levy Hara 
Published: August 2015

SummaryRationalePrevious investigations of cystic fibrosis (CF) incidence in Massachusetts, Colorado, and Minnesota (USA) yielded contradictory results, particularly regarding allele p.Phe508del; the racial compositions of the cohorts were not reported.ObjectivesTo clarify discrepancies in reported incidence with the ultimate goal of improving screening and quality of care, we assessed CF incidence, stratified by race and mutations in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), in Wisconsin (USA) from 1994 to 2011.MethodsData on patients diagnosed with CF (N = 283), CFTR genotypes, CF carriers, and birth rate were collected. All data were categorized by racial background of the birth mother and the incidence of CF births was accordingly adjusted. Spearman's nonparametric rank correlation and Fisher's exact test were performed for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Trends over time were fitted with a cubic spline.ResultsWe detected a trending increase in CF cases (range within all data 1.67–2.98 per 10,000 births per year), homozygous p.Phe508del cases (0.57–1.79 per 10,000), heterozygous p.Phe508del cases (0.29–1.55 per 10,000), and cases lacking p.Phe508del (0–0.45 per 10,000). Both the number of cases lacking the p.Phe508del mutation per year and the number of cases lacking p.Phe508del per 10,000 births significantly increased (P = 0.05) from 1994 to 2011; the increase in overall incidence was not significant. The number of carriers identified through newborn screening significantly increased within the non‐Hispanic Black (P = 0.0.021) and Hispanic (P = 0.003) populations.ConclusionThe racial composition of the CF cohort is changing in Wisconsin, possibly influencing disease detection, care, and outcome. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:1065–1072. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bloch oscillation in correlated aperiodic ladders
Authors: Caetano R. A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAbstractauthoren We studied the dynamics of one electron under the influence of an external static electric field in a random two‐chains ladder with correlated disorder that presents localized and extended states at the same energy region. We showed that, depending on the initial wave packet, the electron undergoes an oscillatory movement. These oscillations depend on the strength of the disorder. We identify two oscillations regimes: (i) low‐disorder regime, where the oscillations have more than one frequency with one frequency being the trivial Bloch frequency; (ii) high‐disorder regime, where the electron oscillates with a single frequency equal to the Bloch frequency.
Computational modeling to predict nitrogen balance during acute metabolic decompensation in patients with urea cycle disorders
Authors: MacLeod Erin L. , Hall Kevin D. , McGuire Peter J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractNutritional management of acute metabolic decompensation in amino acid inborn errors of metabolism (AA IEM) aims to restore nitrogen balance. While nutritional recommendations have been published, they have never been rigorously evaluated. Furthermore, despite these recommendations, there is a wide variation in the nutritional strategies employed amongst providers, particularly regarding the inclusion of parenteral lipids for protein‐free caloric support. Since randomized clinical trials during acute metabolic decompensation are difficult and potentially dangerous, mathematical modeling of metabolism can serve as a surrogate for the preclinical evaluation of nutritional interventions aimed at restoring nitrogen balance during acute decompensation in AA IEM. A validated computational model of human macronutrient metabolism was adapted to predict nitrogen balance in response to various nutritional interventions in a simulated patient with a urea cycle disorder (UCD) during acute metabolic decompensation due to dietary non‐adherence or infection. The nutritional interventions were constructed from published recommendations as well as clinical anecdotes. Overall, dextrose alone (DEX) was predicted to be better at restoring nitrogen balance and limiting nitrogen excretion during dietary non‐adherence and infection scenarios, suggesting that the published recommended nutritional strategy involving dextrose and parenteral lipids (ISO) may be suboptimal. The implications for patients with AA IEM are that the medical course during acute metabolic decompensation may be influenced by the choice of protein‐free caloric support. These results are also applicable to intensive care patients undergoing catabolism (postoperative phase or sepsis), where parenteral nutritional support aimed at restoring nitrogen balance may be more tailored regarding metabolic fuel selection.
Influence of replacing percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy for nasogastric tube feeding on gastroesophageal reflux disease with erosive esophagitis
Authors: Chen Chun‐Nan , Wu Ming‐Shun , Lien Gi‐Shih , Suk Fat‐Moon 
Published: August 2015

SummaryBackgroundThe occurrence rate and severity of gastroesophageal reflux disease with erosive esophagitis (EE) in patients after converting nasogastric tube (NGT) feeding to percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) are not well‐known. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of PEG placement on the occurrence and severity of EE in patients with long‐term PEG feeding.MethodsThis retrospective study included patients with NGT feeding who were converted to PEG feeding and received pre‐ and post‐PEG endoscopy between January 2000 and June 2013. Factors predictive of the occurrence of EE after PEG were analyzed.ResultsOne‐hundred and twenty patients with NGT feeding were converted to PEG, and 47 patients were included. Before PEG, 21 (44.7%) NGT‐feeding patients had EE. The mean follow‐up time was 45.7 months (range, 6–147 months). Erosive esophagitis occurred in nine (19.1%) patients after PEG. The occurrence rate (p < 0.01) and severity (p < 0.05) of EE significantly improved after PEG, compared to before PEG. Hill's classification of gastroesophageal valve was associated with the occurrence of EE after PEG (p < 0.01).ConclusionThe occurrence and severity of esophagitis improved after converting the patient to PEG. Hill's grading of gastroesophageal valve provides useful information for predicting the occurrence of EE after PEG.
Increased gut hormones and insulin sensitivity index following a 3-d intervention with a barley kernel-based product: a randomised cross-over study in healthy middle-aged subjects
Authors: Nilsson Anne C. , Johansson-Boll Elin V. , Björck Inger M. E. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCertain purified indigestible carbohydrates such as inulin have been shown to stimulate gut-derived hormones involved in glycaemic regulation and appetite regulation, and to counteract systemic inflammation through a gut microbiota-mediated mechanism. Less is known about the properties of indigestible carbohydrates intrinsic to food. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility to affect release of endogenous gut hormones and ameliorate appetite control and glycaemic control by ingestion of a whole-grain cereal food product rich in NSP and resistant starch in healthy humans. In all, twenty middle-aged subjects were provided with a barley kernel-based bread (BB) or a reference white wheat bread during 3 consecutive days, respectively, in a randomised cross-over design study. At a standardised breakfast the following day (day 4), blood was collected for the analysis of blood (b) glucose regulation, gastrointestinal hormones, markers of inflammation and markers of colonic fermentation; 3 d of intervention with BB increased gut hormones in plasma (p) the next morning at fasting (p-glucagon-like peptide-1; 56 %) and postprandially (p-glucagon-like peptide-2; 13 % and p-peptide YY; 18 %). Breath H2 excretion and fasting serum (s) SCFA concentrations were increased (363 and 18 %, respectively), and b-glucose (22 %) and s-insulin responses (17 %) were decreased after BB intervention. Insulin sensitivity index (ISIcomposite) was also improved (25 %) after BB. In conclusion, 3 d of intervention with BB increased systemic levels of gut hormones involved in appetite regulation, metabolic control and maintenance of gut barrier function, as well as improved markers of glucose homoeostasis in middle-aged subjects, altogether relevant for the prevention of obesity and the metabolic syndrome.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE LIKELIHOOD OF FURTHER MOVEMENT AMONG MOBILE FEMALE SEX WORKERS IN INDIA: A MULTINOMIAL LOGIT APPROACH
Authors: Suryawanshi Dipak , Sharma Varun , Saggurti Niranjan , Bharat Shalini 
Published: August 2015

SummaryFemale sex workers (FSWs) are vulnerable to HIV infection. Their socioeconomic and behavioural vulnerabilities are crucial push factors for movement for sex work. This paper assesses the factors associated with the likelihood of movement of sex workers from their current place of work. Data were derived from a cross-sectional survey conducted among 5498 mobile FSWs in 22 districts of high in-migration across four states in southern India. A multinomial logit model was constructed to predict the likelihood of FSWs moving from their current place of work. Ten per cent of the sampled mobile FSWs were planning to move from their current place of sex work. Educational attainment, marital status, income at current place of work, debt, sexual coercion, experience of violence and having tested for HIV and collected the results were found to be significant predictors of the likelihood of movement from the current place of work. Consistent condom use with different clients was significantly low among those planning to move. Likewise, the likelihood of movement was significantly higher among those who had any STI symptom in the last six months and those who had a high self-perceived risk of HIV. The findings highlight the need to address factors associated with movement among mobile FSWs as part of HIV prevention and access to care interventions.
Health-related quality of life in relation to mobility and fall risk in 85-year-old people: a population study in Sweden
Authors: TÖRNVALL EVA , MARCUSSON JAN , WRESSLE EWA 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTOptimal mobility is fundamental for healthy ageing and quality of life. This study is part of a cross-sectional population-based study of 85-year-old people residing in Linköping municipality, Sweden. The purpose was to describe 85-year-old peoples' health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in relation to mobility and fall risk while adjusting for gender and body mass index. Data collection included a postal questionnaire, a home visit and a reception visit. HRQoL was assessed with EQ-5D-3L, mobility with the Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and fall risk with the Downton Fall Risk Index (DFRI). All those who completed the DFRI, TUG and EQ-5D-3L were included in the present study (N = 327). Lower HRQoL was associated with longer time taken to complete TUG and higher fall risk in both genders but not with body mass index. Women had higher risk of falling, took a longer time to complete TUG and reported less physical activity compared with men. Health-care professionals should address mobility capacity and fall risk in order to maintain quality of life in elderly people. This is of utmost importance, especially for elderly women because impaired mobility, high risk of falling and occurrence of pain are common among women, and related to lower HRQoL.
Debate: The role of international criminal justice in fostering compliance with international humanitarian law
Authors: Jenks Chris , Acquaviva Guido 
Published: August 2015

Much has been written about the “deterrent” role of international courts and tribunals in preventing potential atrocities. Since the establishment of thead hoctribunals and the International Criminal Court, the international community has sought to anchor the legitimacy of international justice in the “fight against impunity”. Yet recent studies have suggested that an overly broad characterization of international courts and tribunals as “actors of deterrence” might misplace expectations and fail to adequately capture how deterrence works – namely, at different stages, within a net of institutions, and affecting different actors at different times.1TheReviewinvited two practitioners to share their perspectives on the concrete effects of international criminal justice on fostering compliance with international humanitarian law. Chris Jenks questions the “general deterrence” role of international criminal justice, contending that the influence of complicated and often prolonged judicial proceedings on the ultimate behaviour of military commanders and soldiers is limited. Guido Acquaviva agrees that “general deterrence”, if interpreted narrowly, is the wrong lens through which to be looking at international criminal justice. However, he disagrees that judicial decisions are not considered by military commanders, and argues that it is not the individual role of each court or tribunal that matters; rather, it is their overall contribution to an ever more comprehensive system of accountability that can ultimately foster better compliance with international humanitarian law.
Levels of Visual Stress in Proficient Readers: Effects of Spectral Filtering of Fluorescent Lighting on Reading Discomfort
Authors: Loew Stephen J. , Rodríguez Celestino , Marsh Nigel V. , Jones Graham L. , Núñez Jose Carlos , Watson Kenneth 
Published: August 2015

AbstractVisual stress (VS) affects reading in 5–12% of the general population and 31–36% of children with reading disorders. Symptoms include print distortions and visual discomfort when reading, and are exacerbated by fluorescent lighting. Prior research has indicated that VS can also affect proficient readers. We therefore examined levels of visual discomfort in a group of expert readers (n = 24) under both standard and spectrally-filtered fluorescent lighting. Participants rated their awareness of six symptoms of VS under each lighting condition. Under the standard condition, 4(16.7%) of the group recorded moderate to high levels of VS. Differences in symptom levels and reading speed between conditions were analysed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Under the filter condition, the group reported less discomfort regarding all six symptoms of VS surveyed. The differences were significant with respect to three of the symptoms (p = .029 - p < .001), with a medium effect size in all of them (r = .31 - r = .46) and total score (p = .007; r = .39). Variations in reading proficiency included significantly fewer self-corrections (p = .019) and total errors (p = .004). Here we present evidence that VS-type symptoms of reading discomfort are not confined to populations with reading difficulties and may also occur in proficient readers, and that simple adaptations to fluorescent lighting may alleviate such symptoms.