bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural substrates associated with humor processing
Authors: Noh Jihye , Seok Ji-woo , Kim Suk-Hee , Cheong Chaejoon , Sohn Jin-Hun 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Background
Humor is composed of a cognitive element related to the detection of humor and an affective element related to the appreciation of humor. To investigate activated areas of the brain related to the two components of humor and to identify neural substrates associated with the degree of humor intensity, 13 participants were scanned while watching cartoons.

Findings
While watching humorous scenes, various areas of the brain were activated, including (1) the inferior gyrus, an area involved in reconciling ambiguous semantic content with stored knowledge, and (2) the temporal gyrus and fusiform gyrus, brain regions associated with the feeling of mirth. Further, humor intensity was positively correlated with BOLD signal magnitude in the nucleus accumbens, a region known to be involved in psychologically and psychopharmacologically driven rewards.

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate a two-component neural circuit model of humor processing and a key region important in pleasurable feelings accompanied by humor.
Temporal structure of the peritrich ciliate assemblage in a large Neotropical lake
Authors: Safi Lúcia SL , Fontoura Nelson F , Severo Henrique J , Utz Laura RP 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Background
Periphytic communities are usually composed by prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes and small metazoans and could be found in any submerged surface in aquatic environments. Ciliates generally are the dominant organisms in periphytic communities where they can form assemblages of complex taxonomic composition. Among these ciliate taxa, peritrichs are very common organisms found in periphyton; also, they are easy to collect, be easily recognized, and have been widely used to evaluate and monitor ecological and ecotoxicological investigations. Several studies have been focused on periphytic communities in freshwaters from the Northern Hemisphere, with very little data on similar environments in the South. In the present study, we analyzed the structure and temporal dynamics of the ciliate peritrich community in a Neotropical shallow lake, comparing the fluctuation of the peritrich community with environmental factors.

Results
Peritrichia comprised a total of 22 morphospecies throughout the year with genera Epistylis and Vorticella the most diverse and abundant genera. Peritrich density was considerably higher during fall and winter, demonstrating a clear seasonal cycle. Small, solitary species showed no pattern of dominance during any particular stage of succession, reaching abundance peak any time during the sampling period. On the other hand, large colonial species were abundant only in the last half of each successional cycle. Species abundance was correlated to temporal and environmental drivers.

Conclusion
Our results support the hypothesis of a temporal pattern of succession in the community of peritrich ciliates that composes the periphyton of the studied lake with different responses by individual species to successional time, year, season, and environmental factors.
Acidosasa (Poaceae: Bambusoideae): Publication by descriptio generico‐specifica and typification
Authors: Deng Yun-Fei , Xia Nian-He 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAcidosasa was not validly published when first effectively published in 1979. The first instance of valid publication of Acidosasa has traditionally been taken to be Keng in 1982 with A. chinensis as type. However, Acidosasa was first validly published along with Acidosasa glauca by Yang in 1981 using a descriptio generico‐specifica. Consequently Acidosasa was validly published at an earlier date and with a different type than what has generally been reported. As a result, Acidosasa glauca B.M.Yang predates the name Indosasa chienouensis T.H.Wen (1983), the basionym of A. chienouensis (T.H.Wen) C.S.Chao & T.H.Wen with which A. glauca has been previously treated as a synonym. The correct place and date of publication, authorship, typification, and synonymy are given for the genus name Acidosasa and specific names placed under Acidosasa.
Lectotypification of names of Eurasian‐African Senecio (Compositae)
Authors: Calvo Joel , Spencer Mark A. , Aedo Carlos 
Published: April 2014

AbstractOf thirty‐eight Senecio taxa recognized in the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands, eight of their accepted species names are typified herein. Senecio adonidifolius, S. aquaticus, S. boissieri, S. flavus, S. gallicus, S leucophyllus, S. malacitanus, and S. minutus are lectotypified, and an epitype is designated for S. aquaticus.
Three species for the price of one within the moss Homalothecium sericeum s.l.
Authors: Hedenäs Lars , Désamoré Aurélie , Laenen Benjamin , Papp Beata , Quandt Dietmar , González-Mancebo Juana Maria , Patiño Jairo , Vanderpoorten Alain , Stech Michael 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPhylogenetic analyses within the moss Homalothecium sericeum resolved two clades and four haplotypes in a polytomy. Because the clades and the four haplotypes as one group exhibit comparable levels of genetic divergence to those observed among sister species in the genus, significant morphological differences, and distinct geographic distributions, they are recognised as three distinct species. Discriminant analysis was employed to assign the types of “forgotten” taxa previously recognized within H. sericeum s.l. to those three species based on their morphology. While a growing number of “cryptic species” has been reported in the literature, the results suggest that thorough morpho‐anatomical investigations are likely to reveal morphological discontinuities among such taxa and trigger their formal description at the appropriate taxonomic level. Homalothecium sericeum s.str., H. mandonii (Mitt.) Geh. and H. meridionale (M. Fleisch. & Warnst) Hedenäs comb. & stat. nov. clearly differ in sporophytic traits but the identification of sterile specimens is challenged by the overlap in gametophytic characters. As a consequence, 8%–37% of the specimens were mis‐classified in discriminant analyses in an attempt to find the best combination of gametophytic traits to identify specimens that were assigned to one of the three species on the basis of their genotype. The three species differ in rpl16, a region that distinguishes species also in other moss genera and should be further explored as a candidate for DNA barcoding marker among mosses. Homalothecium mandonii is the second case of an endemic Macaronesian bryophyte species whose range encompasses the Cape Verde Islands, the Canary Islands, Madeira, and the Azores. Homalothecium meridionale is circum‐Mediterranean and was reported from one locality in Lanzarote in the Canary Islands, while H. sericeum occurs across Europe, eastern North America, and western Asia. The distributions of the segregate species within H. sericeum s.l. reinforce the notion that many disjunctions typically observed in moss distribution ranges are due to taxonomic shortcomings and call for the need of substantial taxonomic revisions of previously broadly defined bryophyte species.
Phylogeny of Cissus (Vitaceae) focusing on South American species
Authors: Rodrigues Jacqueline Gomes , Lombardi Julio Antonio , Lovato Maria Bernadete 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWidespread in the tropics, Cissus includes more than 300 species with great morphological diversity. Of the 78 species found in the New World, 64 grow in South America. This paper investigates phylogenetic relationships within Cissus, focusing on the South American species, insufficiently sampled in previous studies. Both plastid (trnL intron, trnL‐F intergenic spacer, rps16) and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) DNA sequences were analyzed with parsimony, likelihood and Bayesian inference. Divergence times were estimated with relaxed‐clock Bayesian molecular dating. The evolution of leaf shape was reconstructed using parsimony. South American Cissus is resolved as not monophyletic. It consists of three clades: Cissus striata, Cissus trianae, and core Cissus. A clear separation between the Cissus striata clade and the other Cissus species was observed based on molecular and morphological characters. The relationship between the only species of the Cissus trianae clade and those of core Cissus is not clarified by our data. The geographic disjunction between the New and Old World taxa of core Cissus was estimated to have originated in the Late Eocene, and diversification in the Americas started in the Oligocene. In spite of the plasticity of leaf shape within species or individuals, this character is considered useful for infrageneric classification.
Lectotypification of the Linnaean names Ricciafluitans and R. natans (Ricciaceae)
Authors: Iamonico Duilio , Iberite Mauro 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe typifications of the Linnaean names Riccia fluitans and R. natans (Ricciaceae) are discussed. A specimen from the Linnaean Herbarium and an illustration from Dillenius are designated as the respective lectotypes for the two names.
Atividade de Voo de Rhodnius robustus Larrousse em Laboratório (Hemiptera:Reduviidae).
Authors: Rocha Dayse da Silva , Jurberg José , Galvão Cleber 
Published: April 2014

Rhodnius robustus Larrousse, é uma espécie silvestre encontrada na região Norte do Brasil (Acre, Amazonas e Pará), Guiana Francesa, Bolívia, Colômbia, Equador, Peru e Venezuela. Essa espécie tem sido encontrada em domicílios e peridomicílios e já foi observada naturalmente infectada por Trypanossoma cruzi Chagas, Trypanossoma rangeli Tejera e com infecção mista. A partir de observações realizadas em laboratório, foi avaliada a capacidade de voo, correlacionando essa atividade com a quantidade de sangue ingerido, sexo e período de jejum. Apesar da temperatura elevada (33º C), 26% dos insetos não voaram sugerindo a influência de fatores intrínsecos na capacidade de voo de R. robustus.
Flight Activity of Rhodnius robustus Larrousse in Laboratory (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae

Abstract. Rhodnius robustus Larrousse, is a sylvatic species found in northern Brazil (Acre, Amazonas and Pará), Guyana, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela. This species has been found in and around the dwellings, have been data collection of this species naturally infected with Trypanossoma cruzi Chagas, Trypanossoma rangeli Tejera and mixed infections. From observations made in the laboratory, we evaluated the ability of flight, correlating this activity with the amount of ingested blood, sex and fasting period. Despite the high temperature (33º C), 26% of the insects flew suggesting the influence of intrinsic factors in flight capacity of R. robustus.
Aumento da Sobrevivência de Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus), em Condições de Laboratório, pela Ingestão de Néctar Extrafloral de Euphorbia milii Des Moul. (Euphorbiaceae)
Authors: Oliveira Nathalia Cavichiolli de , Souza Antonio Pancracio de 
Published: April 2014

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar em laboratório se Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (L.), importante vetor da dengue e febre amarela, alimenta-se do néctar de Euphorbia milii Des Moul (Euphorbiaceae) , planta comumente utilizada nos domicílios como cerca viva, e avaliar o efeito desta alimentação em sua sobrevivência. O tempo de vida de ambos os sexos foi acompanhado diariamente e um teste de detecção de frutose foi utilizado para a comprovação da ingestão de açúcar pelos mosquitos. O acesso diário ao néctar conferiu um aumento significativo no tempo de vida de machos e fêmeas (12,8 e 18,4 dias, respectivamente), em relação aos mosquitos mantidos somente com água (6,4 e 7,4 dias, respectivamente). Plantas em ambientes domésticos, produtoras de néctar e adequadas à alimentação do mesmo pelos mosquitos, assim como E. milii, possuem o potencial de desempenhar um significativo papel no orçamento energético de mosquitos. Um aumento na sobrevivência de fêmeas pode significar um aumento na probabilidade de infecção e transmissão de agentes patogênicos e nos machos um aumento na probabilidade de inseminação das fêmeas. Ainda que frequentemente desconsiderada em pesquisas ou táticas de controle, a propensão do mosquito Ae. aegypti em ingerir açúcares pode ser uma variável que confira vantagens a este vetor.
Increases Survival of Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus) Under Laboratory Condition by the Ingestion Extrafloral Nectar of Euphorbia milii Des Moul. (Euphorbiaceae)
Abstract. The objective this study was to determine if in laboratory, Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (L.), an important vector of dengue and yellow fever, feeds on the nectar of Euphorbia milii Des Moul (Euphorbiaceae) , plant commonly used in homes as a hedge, and evaluate the effect of feeding on survival. The lifetime of both sexes was checked daily and a test for fructose was used for verification of sugar intake by mosquitoes. The daily access to the nectar gave a significant increase in the lifetime of males and females (12.8 and 18.4 days, respectively) in relation to mosquitoes maintained only with water (6.4 and 7.4 days, respectively). Plants in domestic environments, producing nectar and suitable for feeding by mosquitoes of the same, as well as E. milii, have the potential to play a significant role in the energy budget of mosquitoes. An increase in the survival of females can mean an increased likelihood of infection and disease transmission in males and an increased likelihood of insemination of females. Although often overlooked in research and control tactics, the propensity of the mosquito Ae. aegypti ingesting sugars can be a variable that confers advantages to this vector.
Isolados de Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) para controle de Diatraea saccharalis Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Authors: Hayashida Eduardo Kenji , Kassab Samir Oliveira , Loureiro Elisângela de Souza , Rossoni Camila , Barbosa Rogério Hidalgo , Silva Antônio de Souza , Costa Daniele Perassa 
Published: April 2014

A seleção de fungos entomopatogênicos é necessária para que se conheça a eficiência de diferentes isolados e se possa eleger o mais adequado para sua utilização em programas de controle biológico. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a eficiência dos isolados de Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin (UFGD 03, UFGD 05, UFGD 07 e UFGD 22), obtidos em Mato Grosso do Sul, em Diatraea saccharalis Fabricius. O ensaio experimental foi composto por um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 5 tratamentos e 10 repetições, com 5 lagartas padronizadas por tamanho em cada repetição. De maneira geral, M. anisopliae afetou o ciclo biológico de D. saccharalis e o desenvolvimento desta praga é afetado pelo fungo. A percentagem de lagartas que empuparam variou de 64,00% a 88,60%. O tratamento com o isolado UFGD 03 apresentou maior percentagem de pupas mortas (68,00%) em relação aos demais isolados testados e quando comparado ao valor da testemunha (11,00%). A emergência dos adultos de D. saccharalis foi de 87,02% na testemunha. Nos tratamentos com o fungo, houve variação de 35,20%, 38,00%, 40,00%, 52,80% proporcionada pelos isolados UFGD 22, UFGD 03, UFGD 05 e UFGD 07, respectivamente.
Isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) for the control of Diatraea saccharalis Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

Abstract. The selection of entomopathogenic fungus that is a necessary to know the efficiency of different isolates and one can choose the most suitable for use in biological control programs. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin (UFGD 03, UFGD 05, UFGD UFGD 07 and UFGD 22), obtained in Mato Grosso do Sul on the Diatraea saccharalis Fabricius. The experimental trial consisted of a completely randomized design with five treatments and 10 repetitions with 5 caterpillars standardized size in each repetition. In general, M. anisopliae affects the life cycle of D. saccharalis and development of this pest is affected by the fungus. The percentage of caterpillars that pupae ranged from 64.00% to 88.60%. Treatment with isolated UFGD 03 had a higher percentage of dead pupae (68.00%) compared to other isolates tested and compared to the control value (11.00%). The adult emergence of D. saccharalis was 87.02% in the control. In the treatments with the fungus, there was a variation of 35.20%, 38.00%, 40.00%, 52.80% provided by isolates UFGD 22, UFGD 03, UFGD 05 and UFGD 07, respectively.
Efeito do Envelhecimento de Isca na Captura de Moscas (Diptera: Brachycera) em Área de Caatinga
Authors: Nascimento Eduardo , Ambrogi Bianca , Souto Leandro Sousa , Vilas-Bôas Marcelo , Uchôa Manoel 
Published: April 2014

Espécies de Diptera, principalmente as moscas, tem se mostrado como potenciais bioindicadores para mudanças ambientais. Para captura destes animais, há diferentes métodos, incluindo as armadilhas com atrativos alimentares. Neste estudo, para avaliar a eficiência de armadilhas na captura de moscas usando isca de melaço de cana-de-açúcar, foram avaliados os parâmetros ecológicos: abundância, riqueza e composição de espécies de moscas, comparando diferentes períodos de exposição das armadilhas em campo: 24, 48, 72 e 96h. A riqueza e abundância apresentaram mudança significativa em relação ao tempo de exposição da isca, tendo se estabilizado após 48h, e a composição diferiu entre o primeiro dia (24h) e os demais (48, 72, 96h).
Effect of Aging Bait for Catching Flies (Diptera: Brachycera) in a Caatinga Area
Abstract. Diptera species, especially flies, has shown potential as bioindicators for environmental changes. There are different methods to capture these animals, including traps with food baits. In this study, we assess the efficiency of traps for catching flies using bait of cane sugar molasses, analyzing the ecological parameters: abundance, species richness and species composition of flies during different periods of exposure of the traps in the field: 24, 48, 72 and 96h. Species richness and abundance showed significant change with respect to exposure time in the field, with stabilization after 48h, and species composition differed between the first and the other days.
Dinâmica Populacional de Mosca-Branca Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) Biótipo B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) em Feijoeiro
Authors: Silva Anderson Gonçalves da , Boiça Junior Arlindo Leal , Farias Paulo Roberto Silva , Souza Bruno Henrique Sardinha de , Rodrigues Nara Elisa Lobato , Jesus Flávio Gonçalves de 
Published: April 2014

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a influência dos fatores abióticos na dinâmica populacional da mosca-branca Bemisia tabaci (Genn.,) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) em três épocas de semeadura de feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Os ensaios foram instalados de junho de 2010 a abril de 2012, todos conduzidos no Departamento de Fitossanidade da FCAV/UNESP – Campus de Jaboticabal, SP. Os estudos de dinâmica populacional de B. tabaci biótipo B, foram obtidos através da avaliação semanal da infestação de ovos, ninfas e adultos de mosca-branca por 18 avaliações, sendo seis para cada época de semeadura: “de inverno”, “das águas” e “da seca”, respectivamente, além da influência dos fatores abióticos, temperatura e umidade relativa (mínima, média e máxima) semanal e precipitação pluviométrica acumulada, sendo essas variáveis correlacionadas com o número total de ovos, ninfas e adultos de mosca-branca através de uma análise do tipo correlação linear de Pearson (r). Dentre os resultados obtidos, destaca-se que os picos populacionais de B. tabaci biótipo B ocorreram na semeadura “das águas”, seguido pelas semeaduras “de inverno” e “da seca” e que os fatores abióticos temperatura e umidade relativa influenciaram negativamente na dinâmica populacional de mosca-branca.
Population Dynamics of the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) Biotype B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Bean Plants
Abstract. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of abiotic factors on the population dynamics of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.,) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in three sowing seasons on bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The assays were set up from June 2010 to April 2012 and conducted in the Departamento de Fitossanidade at FCAV/UNESP – Campus of Jaboticabal, SP. The studies of the population dynamics of B. tabaci biotype B were performed weekly through infestation assessments of eggs, nymphs and adults of the whitefly on 18 samplings, six for each sowing season: “winter”, “water” and “dry”, in addition to the influence of the abiotic factors weekly temperature and relative humidity (minimum, average and maximum) and accumulated rainfall. These variables were correlated to the total number of eggs, nymphs and adults of the whitefly through Pearson’s linear correlation analysis. Among the obtained results, the population peaks of B. tabaci biotype B occurred at the “water” season, followed by “winter” and “dry” seasons, and the abiotic factors temperature and relative humidity influenced negatively the population dynamics of the whitefly.
Borboletas (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea e Papilionoidea) de uma área de Semiárido na região nordeste do Brasil.
Authors: Lima José Nicássio Rocha , Zacca Thamara 
Published: April 2014

O Semiárido brasileiro corresponde, praticamente, aos limites do bioma Caatinga, sendo uma das regiões com menor número de unidades de conservação e com maior deficiência em estudos da biodiversidade de borboletas. Sendo assim, inventários visando contribuir para o conhecimento da diversidade local são extremamente necessários e urgentes. No presente estudo, uma lista das espécies de borboletas da Serra da Fumaça (Pindobaçu, Bahia, Brasil), foi elaborada baseada em amostragens mensais realizadas no período de Abril a Outubro de 2011, com duração de dois dias. Foram utilizadas rede entomológica e armadilhas com iscas de banana fermentada em caldo-de-cana. Em um total de 1.295 horas de amostragem (97 horas de captura com rede entomológica e 1.198 horas com armadilhas) foram registrados 756 indivíduos de 121 espécies, das quais dezessete são novos registros para o Semiárido e quatro, exclusivamente, para o estado da Bahia.
List of Butterflies Species (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea and Papilionoidea) in a Northeastern Brazilian Semiarid Area
Abstract. The Brazilian Semiarid region practically corresponds to the Caatinga biome boundary, being one of the regions with lowest number of conservations unities and greater deficiency in butterflies’ biodiversity studies. Therefore, inventories in order to contribute to knowledge of local diversity are extremely necessary and urgent. In the present study, a list of butterflies’ species from Serra da Fumaça (municipality of Pindobaçu, state of Bahia, Brazil) was developed based on monthly sampling carried out from April to October 2011, lasting two days. The methods used were active capture with entomological nets and traps baited of fermented banana with juice sugar cane. In a total of 1,295 hours of sampling (97 hours of capture with entomological nets and 1,198 hours with traps) were registered 756 individuals of 121 species, of which seventeen are new records for the Semiarid region and four, exclusively, to state of Bahia.