bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poor infant and young child feeding practices and sources of caregivers’ feeding knowledge in rural Hebei Province, China: findings from a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Wu Qiong , Scherpbier Robert W , van Velthoven Michelle Helena , Chen Li , Wang Wei , Li Ye , Zhang Yanfeng , Car Josip 
Published: July 2014

ObjectivesTo obtain a general overview of infant and young child feeding practices in one rural county in China and identify current delivery channels and challenges.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingA rural county, Zhao County, in Hebei Province, China.Participants10 clusters were first selected within each township (16 townships in total) with proportional to population size sampling. In each cluster, a name list was used to select 13 children aged 0–23 months. We interviewed caregivers of all the selected children.Primary and secondary outcomes measuresCoverage of infant feeding practices, reasons for low coverage of infant feeding practices and current delivery channels of infant feeding practices.ResultsFindings from our survey indicated that infant feeding practices were poor. Early initiation of breastfeeding was only 22.4%, exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months was less than 10% and continued breastfeeding up to the age of two was just 38.2%. Only 32.5% of children were given iron-rich or iron-fortified foods. The leading sources of infant feeding information were family members, neighbours, friends and popular media. Only around 20% of the information came from health facilities and nearly none came from communities. Household property data showed that 99.9% of households owned televisions and 99.4% owned mobile phones. In addition, 61.2% of the households owned computers, with 54.8% having access to the internet.ConclusionsFew caregivers of children in Zhao County received feeding information during pregnancy and after delivery. Moreover, their feeding knowledge and practices were poor. Multi-channel approaches, delivered through health facilities, community resources, popular media, the internet and mobile phones, hold potential to improve infant feeding practices and should be explored in future studies.Strengths and limitationsAlthough this study took place only within one county, a full range of globally standard feeding indicators was used to assess the feeding practices of caregivers in our study. The name lists of children in some villages may not be complete, and therefore selection bias may have occurred. Some indicators may have recall bias due to long recall time.Trial registration numberChiCTR-PRC-11001446.
Selective Inhibition of Regulatory T Cells by Targeting the PI3K–Akt Pathway
Authors: Abu-Eid Rasha , Samara Raed N. , Ozbun Laurent , Abdalla Maher Y. , Berzofsky Jay A. , Friedman Kevin M. , Mkrtichyan Mikayel , Khleif Samir N. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Despite the strides that immunotherapy has made in mediating tumor regression, the clinical effects are often transient, and therefore more durable responses are still needed. The temporary nature of the therapy-induced immune response can be attributed to tumor immune evasion mechanisms, mainly the effect of suppressive immune cells and, in particular, regulatory T cells (Treg). Although the depletion of Tregs has been shown to be effective in enhancing immune responses, selective depletion of these suppressive cells without affecting other immune cells has not been very successful, and new agents are sought. We found that PI3K–Akt pathway inhibitors selectively inhibit Tregs with minimal effect on conventional T cells (Tconv). Our results clearly show selective in vitro inhibition of activation (as represented by a decrease in downstream signaling) and proliferation of Tregs in comparison with Tconvs when treated with different Akt and PI3K inhibitors. This effect has been observed in both human and murine CD4 T cells. In vivo treatment with these inhibitors resulted in a significant and selective reduction in Tregs in both naïve and tumor-bearing mice. Furthermore, these PI3K–Akt inhibitors led to a significant therapeutic antitumor effect, which was shown to be Treg dependent. Here, we report the use of PI3K–Akt pathway inhibitors as potent agents for the selective depletion of suppressive Tregs. We show that these inhibitors are able to enhance the antitumor immune response and are therefore promising clinical reagents for Treg depletion. Cancer Immunol Res; 2(11); 1080–9. ©2014 AACR.
Nationwide Study on Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Iceland
Authors: Adalsteinsdottir Berglind , Teekakirikul Polakit , Maron Barry J. , Burke Michael A. , Gudbjartsson Daniel F. , Holm Hilma , Stefansson Kari , DePalma Steven R. , Mazaika Erica , McDonough Barbara , Danielsen Ragnar , Seidman Jonathan G. , Seidman Christine E. , Gunnarsson Gunnar T. 
Published: July 2014

Background—
The geographic isolation and homogeneous population of Iceland are ideally suited to ascertain clinical and genetic characteristics of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) at the population level.

Methods and Results—

Medical records and cardiac imaging studies obtained between 1997 and 2010 were reviewed to identify Icelandic patients with HCM. Surviving patients were recruited for clinical and genetic studies. A previously identified Icelandic mutation,
MYBPC3
c.927-2A>G, was genotyped, and mutation-negative samples were sequenced for HCM genes and other hypertrophic genes. Record review identified 180 patients with HCM. Genetic analyses of 151 patients defined pathogenic mutations in 101 (67%), including
MYBPC3
c.927-2A>G (88 patients, 58%), 4 other
MYBPC3
or
MYH7
mutations (5 patients, 3.3%), and 2
GLA
mutations (8 patients, 5.3%). Haplotype and genetic genealogical data defined
MYBPC3
c.927-2A>G as a founder mutation, introduced into the Icelandic population in the 15th century, with a current population prevalence of 0.36%.
MYBPC3
c.927-2A>G mutation carriers exhibited phenotypic diversity but were younger at diagnosis (42 versus 49 years;
P
=0.001) and sustained more adverse events (15% versus 2%;
P
=0.02) than mutation-negative patients. All-cause mortality for patients with HCM was similar to that of an age-matched Icelandic population (hazard ratio, 0.98;
P
=0.9). HCM-related mortality (0.78%/y) occurred at a mean age of 68 compared with 81 years for non–HCM-related mortality (
P
=0.02).

Conclusions—

A founder
MYBPC3
mutation that arose >550 years ago is the predominant cause of HCM in Iceland. The
MYBPC3
c.927-2A>G mutation is associated with low adverse event rates but earlier cardiovascular mortality, illustrating the impact of genotype on outcomes in HCM.
Targeted Amelioration of Cisplatin‐Induced Ototoxicity in Guinea Pigs
Authors: Mohan Shaulnie , Smyth Brendan J. , Namin Arya , Phillips Grady , Gratton Michael Anne 
Published: July 2014

This pilot study compared otoprotection provided by trans‐tympanic formulations and systemic intraperitoneal administration of L‐N‐acetylcysteine from cisplatin‐induced cochlear oxidative stress. Protection was assessed by measures of hearing loss and cochlear glutathione levels. All groups received an equivalent single dose of L‐N‐acetylcysteine followed by cisplatin.Cisplatin was administered subcutaneously for 3 days (5.5 mg/kg/day). Two hours prior to day 1 cisplatin, L‐N‐acetylcysteine was administered either intraperitoneally (250 mg/kg), trans‐tympanic as 2% L‐N‐acetylcysteine in gel, or trans‐tympanic as L‐N‐acetylcysteine–loaded nanocapsules in gel. Hearing was assessed prior to and 3 days after cisplatin followed by microdissection of cochlear tissue. The levels of reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione in homogenized tissue supernatants were determined via luminometry.Intraperitoneal L‐N‐acetylcysteine administration preceding cisplatin resulted in less hearing loss and a higher GSH/GSSG ratio than either trans‐tympanic formulation. This suggests that for equivalent doses of L‐N‐acetylcysteine, systemic rather than targeted cochlear delivery provides increased otoprotection from cisplatin ototoxicity.
Safety and efficacy of peripheral nerve stimulation of the occipital nerves for the management of chronic migraine: Long-term results from a randomized, multicenter, double-blinded, controlled study
Authors: Dodick David W , Silberstein Stephen D , Reed Kenneth L , Deer Timothy R , Slavin Konstantin V , Huh Billy , Sharan Ashwini D , Narouze Samer , Mogilner Alon Y , Trentman Terrence L , Ordia Joe , Vaisman Julien , Goldstein Jerome , Mekhail Nagy 
Published: July 2014

Background Recent studies evaluated short-term efficacy and safety of peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) of the occipital nerves for managing chronic migraine. We present 52-week safety and efficacy results from an open-label extension of a randomized, sham-controlled trial. Methods In this institutional review board-approved, randomized, multicenter, double-blinded study, patients were implanted with a neurostimulation system, randomized to an active or control group for 12 weeks, and received open-label treatment for an additional 40 weeks. Outcomes collected included number of headache days, pain intensity, migraine disability assessment (MIDAS), Zung Pain and Distress (PAD), direct patient reports of headache pain relief, quality of life, satisfaction and adverse events. Statistical tests assessed change from baseline to 52 weeks using paired t-tests. Intent-to-treat (ITT) analyses of all patients ( N = 157) and analyses of only patients who met criteria for intractable chronic migraine (ICM; N = 125) were performed. Results Headache days were significantly reduced by 6.7 (±8.4) days in the ITT population ( p < 0.001) and by 7.7 (±8.7) days in the ICM population ( p < 0.001). The percentages of patients who achieved a 30% and 50% reduction in headache days and/or pain intensity were 59.5% and 47.8%, respectively. MIDAS and Zung PAD scores were significantly reduced for both populations. Excellent or good headache relief was reported by 65.4% of the ITT population and 67.9% of the ICM population. More than half the patients in both cohorts were satisfied with the headache relief provided by the device. A total of 183 device/procedure-related adverse events occurred during the study, of which 18 (8.6%) required hospitalization and 85 (40.7%) required surgical intervention; 70% of patients experienced an adverse event. Conclusion Our results support the 12-month efficacy of PNS of the occipital nerves for headache pain and disability associated with chronic migraine. More emphasis on adverse event mitigation is needed in future research. Trial registration: Clinical trials.gov (NCT00615342).
The Vocabulary of Vengefulness: Its function in the Analytic Group and Beyond
Authors: Berger Miriam 
Published: July 2014

Vengefulness is a discredited entity. It is considered primitive and uncivilized despite the fact that it is prevalent in our personal and social lives. This article suggests that vengefulness is part of one’s regular, emotional repertoire. It serves to protect from unbearable emotional pain when being made irrelevant, dismissed and ostracized. It safeguards the hope to become re-included in a lawful, just community. Vengefulness comprises a coded communication about ruptures that have not been properly exposed and acknowledged. As such, they may turn into viscous cycles of vengeful attacks and counter attacks. It is argued that unacknowledged injuries to human dignity engender a relational vocabulary of its own; it may block connectedness and restrict possibilities for reconciliation and mutual concern. The group conductor’s ability to understand this vocabulary for what it is, namely, a legitimate quest for restoring justice and accountability can be valuable in the process of recovery from traumatic experiences.
Accuracy of clinical tests in the diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament injury: a systematic review
Authors: Swain Michael S , Henschke Nicholas , Kamper Steven J , Downie Aron S , Koes Bart W , Maher Chris G 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundNumerous clinical tests are used in the diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury but their accuracy is unclear. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests for the diagnosis of ACL injury.MethodsStudy Design: Systematic review. The review protocol was registered through PROSPERO (CRD42012002069).Electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL) were searched up to 19th of June 2013 to identify diagnostic studies comparing the accuracy of clinical tests for ACL injury to an acceptable reference standard (arthroscopy, arthrotomy, or MRI). Risk of bias was appraised using the QUADAS-2 checklist. Index test accuracy was evaluated using a descriptive analysis of paired likelihood ratios and displayed as forest plots.ResultsA total of 285 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, from which 14 studies were included in this review. Included studies were deemed to be clinically and statistically heterogeneous, so a meta-analysis was not performed. Nine clinical tests from the history (popping sound at time of injury, giving way, effusion, pain, ability to continue activity) and four from physical examination (anterior draw test, Lachman’s test, prone Lachman’s test and pivot shift test) were investigated for diagnostic accuracy. Inspection of positive and negative likelihood ratios indicated that none of the individual tests provide useful diagnostic information in a clinical setting. Most studies were at risk of bias and reported imprecise estimates of diagnostic accuracy.ConclusionDespite being widely used and accepted in clinical practice, the results of individual history items or physical tests do not meaningfully change the probability of ACL injury. In contrast combinations of tests have higher diagnostic accuracy; however the most accurate combination of clinical tests remains an area for future research.Clinical relevanceClinicians should be aware of the limitations associated with the use of clinical tests for diagnosis of ACL injury.
Cytotoxic Polyacetylenes from a Formosan Marine Sponge Callyspongia sp.
Authors: Chiu Ching-Wen , Su Huey-Jen , Lu Mei-Chin , Wang Wei-Hsien , Sheu Jyh-Horng , Su Jui-Hsin 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Two new polyacetylenic compounds, callysponynes A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the marine sponge Callyspongia sp. The structures of the new metabolites were elucidated on the basis of their spectroscopic data and comparison of the NMR data with those of known analogues. Moreover, the absolute configuration of 1 was determined by Mosher’s method. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited cytotoxic activity in vitro against MOLT-4, K-562, and HCT 116 cancer cell lines.
A Cuprate Spin Ladder Linked by a Pyridyl Ligand
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Nishihara Sadafumi , Nakano Yuki , Maryunina Kseniya Yu , Inoue Katsuya 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
We succeeded in synthesizing a novel cuprate compound, [Cu2(CO3)2(bpp)2.5]·5.5H2O (1) (bpp: 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane). Its structural determination reveals that 1 has a ladder-like configuration formed by the alternate stacking of two Cu2+ ions and a CO32− ion, each of which is linked by a bpp molecule. The results of magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate that the obtained magnetic susceptibility curve can be reproduced faithfully by a magnetically isolated spin ladder-based model with the ladder-rung magnetic interaction, Jrung/kB = 366 K and the ladder-leg interaction, Jleg/kB = 11.5 K, where J is defined as being positive (negative) for antiferromagnetic (ferromagnetic) interactions.
Effect of Intensive Oral Hygiene Regimen During Pregnancy on Periodontal Health, Cytokine Levels, and Pregnancy Outcomes: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kaur Maninder , Geisinger Maria L. , Geurs Nicolaas C. , Griffin Russell , Vassilopoulos Philip J. , Vermeulen Lisa , Haigh Sandra , Reddy Michael S. 
Published: July 2014

Background: Data are limited on the potential effect of intensive oral hygiene regimens and periodontal therapy during pregnancy on periodontal health, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum cytokines, and pregnancy outcomes.Methods: A clinical trial was conducted on 120 community‐dwelling, 16‐ to 35‐year‐old pregnant women at 16 to 24 weeks of gestation. Each participant presented with clinical evidence of generalized, moderate‐to‐severe gingivitis. Oral hygiene products were provided, together with instructions for an intensive daily regimen of hygiene practices. Non‐surgical therapy was provided at baseline. Oral examinations were completed at baseline and again at 4 and 8 weeks. In addition, samples of blood and GCF were collected at baseline and week 8. Mean changes in clinical variables and GCF and serum cytokine levels (interleukin [IL]‐1β, IL‐6, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]‐α) between baseline and week 8 were calculated using paired t test. Pregnancy outcomes were recorded at parturition.Results: Results indicated a statistically significant reduction in all clinical variables (P <0.0001) and decreased levels of TNF‐α (P = 0.0076) and IL‐1β (P = 0.0098) in GCF during the study period. The rate of preterm births (<37 weeks of gestation) was 6.7% (P = 0.113) and low birth weight (<2,500 g) was 10.2% (P = 1.00).Conclusions: Among the population studied, intensive instructions and non‐surgical periodontal therapy provided during 8 weeks at early pregnancy resulted in decreased gingival inflammation and a generalized improvement in periodontal health. Large‐scale, randomized, controlled studies are needed to substantiate these findings.
Robust Detection of Sleep Apnea from Holter ECGs
Authors: Wenz H. , Dickhaus H. , Maier C. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryIntroduction: This article is part of the Focus Theme of Methods of Information in Medicine on “Biosignal Interpretation: Advanced Methods for Studying Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems”.Objectives: Detect presence of sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD) in epochs of 1 min by signal analysis of Holter ECG recordings.Methods: In 121 patients, 140 synchronized polysomnograms (PSGs) and 8-channel Holter ECGs were recorded. The only excluded condition was persistent arrhythmias. Respiratory events as scored from the PSGs were mapped to a 1 min grid and served as reference for ECG-based detection. Moreover, 69/70 recordings of the Physionet Sleep Apnea ECG Database (PADB) were included. We performed receiver operating characteristics analysis of a single, novel time-domain feature, the joint local similarity index (jLSI). Based on cross-correlation, the jLSI quantifies the time-locked occurrence of characteristic low-frequency (LF) modulations in ECG respiratory myogram interference (RMI), QRS amplitude (QRSA) and heart rate.Results: Joint oscillations in QRSA, RMI and the envelope of RMI identified positive epochs with a sensitivity of 0.855 (PADB: 0.873) and a specificity of 0.86 (PADB: 0.88). Inclusion of heart rate did not improve detection accuracy.Conclusions: Joint occurrence of LF-modulations in QRSA and RMI is a characteristic feature of SRBD that is robustly quantified by the jLSI and permits reliable and reproducible detection of sleep apnea in very heterogeneous settings.
Bi-institutional retrospective cohort study evaluating the incidence of osteosarcoma following tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (2000–2009)
Authors: Sartor A. J. , Ryan S. D. , Sellmeyer T. , Withrow S. J. , Selmic L. E. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryObjectives: To evaluate the incidence and risk factors for occurrence of osteosarcoma (OSA) following tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO).Methods: Medical records of client-owned dogs that underwent consecutive TPLO procedures at two institutions were retrospectively reviewed. Referring veterinarians and owners were contacted for follow-up. Each institutional cohort was assessed separately, and the incidence density rate and median time to occurrence of OSA at the TPLO site and at other sites were calculated. Marginal Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for potential risk factors for occurrence of OSA.Results: There were 472 CLINIC A (Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital) and 1992 CLINIC B (SAGE Centers for Veterinary Specialty and Emergency Care) TPLO cases with over one year of follow-up available. There were five and six dogs within the cohorts that developed OSA at the site of TPLO, and seven and 22 dogs that developed OSA at other anatomical sites, respectively. The incidence density rates of OSA at the TPLO site were 30.4 and 10.2 per 10,000 dog-years at risk, and other sites were 42.6 and 37.5 per 10,000 dog-years at risk. The median time to occurrence of OSA of TPLO site OSA was 4.6 and 4.4 years, which was longer than that of other site OSA of 2.9 and 3.4 years.Clinical significance: There is a low incidence of OSA following TPLO surgery. The longer time to occurrence for TPLO site OSA is similar to that for fracture-associated sarcoma, and could indicate a similar underlying pathophysiology rather than spontaneous OSA occurrence.
Salmonids Have an Extraordinary Complex Type I IFN System: Characterization of the IFN Locus in Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Reveals Two Novel IFN Subgroups
Authors: Zou Jun , Gorgoglione Bartolomeo , Taylor Nicholas G. H. , Summathed Thitiya , Lee Po-Tsang , Panigrahi Akshaya , Genet Carine , Chen Young-Mao , Chen Tzong-Yueh , Ul Hassan Mahmood , Mughal Sharif M. , Boudinot Pierre , Secombes Christopher J. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Fish type I IFNs are classified into two groups with two (group I) or four (group II) cysteines in the mature peptide and can be further divided into four subgroups, termed IFN-a, -b, -c, and -d. Salmonids possess all four subgroups, whereas other teleost species have one or more but not all groups. In this study, we have discovered two further subgroups (IFN-e and -f) in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and analyzed the expression of all six subgroups in rainbow trout and brown trout Salmo trutta. In rainbow trout RTG-2 and RTS-11 cells, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid stimulation resulted in early activation of IFN-d, whereas the IFN-e subgroup containing the highest number of members showed weak induction. In contrast with the cell lines, remarkable induction of IFN-a, -b, and -c was detected in primary head kidney leukocytes after polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid treatment, whereas a moderate increase of IFNs was observed after stimulation with resiquimod. Infection of brown trout with hemorrhagic septicemia virus resulted in early induction of IFN-d, -e, and -f and a marked increase of IFN-b and IFN-c expression in kidney and spleen. IFN transcripts were found to be strongly correlated with the viral burden and with marker genes of the IFN antiviral cascade. The results demonstrate that the IFN system of salmonids is far more complex than previously realized, and in-depth research is required to fully understand its regulation and function.