bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(Invited) Nanohybrid Carbon Nanotube and P3HT Composite Semiconductor Materials for Solution Processed Optoelectronics
Authors: Andrews Joseph 
Published: August 2024

Carbon nanotube networks have demonstrated promise for enabling printable transistors which can be utilized as switching elements within active matrices. Such active matrices have been utilized for controlling pixels and interrogating sensor elements. A new promising technology for imaging, called an active pixel matrix, aims to integrate both the underlying transistor and sensor element within a single device, namely a phototransistor. Carbon nanotubes are poised to enable printable active pixel matrices for sensing applications, however, due to minimal absorption a secondary material needs to be added as a photo synthesizer. Additionally, the material must be sufficiently electrically coupled with the carbon nanotube network to allow for efficient carrier extraction. Our lab has previously developed techniques for crystallizing P3HT directly onto carbon nanotubes using solution-phase soft epitaxy. In this work, the solution phased technique has been adapted to functional carbon nanotube networks already deposited onto a surface.
I will present the performance of a device that consists of a solution-processed carbon nanotube network, which acts as the carrier extraction layer, and a surface crystalized P3HT, which acts as the absorption element. First, I will detail the fabrication scheme and soft-epitaxial method of polymer crystallization. Next, I will overview how the P3HT crystallization affects the electronic performance of the devices, including the photo response. The device exhibits high responsivity, with a maximum responsivity value of 3 x 105. Additionally, the device exhibits a wide spectral response within the visible range, due to the exciton generation at the P3HT/CNT interface. I will also present the transient response of the device, which provides insight into the role of carrier injection/trapped states within the material.
Lastly, I will discuss the potential applications for an active matrix of phototransistors, including neuromorphic computing. In these specific applications, the semiconductor can be utilized as the functional material within an Organic Electrochemical Transistor (OECT), where it exhibits behavior associated with mixed ionic/electronic conduction (MEIC). I will benchmark the performance, and discuss various methods to fabricated charge trapped switches, a key memory/computational element for future neuromorphic architectures.
(Digital Presentation) Optimized Security: Enhancing the Modified Advanced Encryption Standard for Efficient Iot Application
Authors: Naik Jahnavi , Nyathikala Harika , Chiluka Sagar , Bevara Vasudeva 
Published: August 2024

The Modified Advanced Encryption Standard (MAES) emerges as a robust solution tailored for the unique challenges posed by Internet of Things (IoT) applications. In this paradigm, where resource constraints and energy efficiency are paramount, MAES optimizes the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) to meet the specific demands of IoT devices. This modification involves a judicious trade-off between security and computational complexity, ensuring a delicate balance suitable for the constrained nature of IoT environments. MAES not only maintains the formidable security features of AES but also introduces tailored enhancements that cater to the low-power, low-memory, and high-throughput requirements of IoT devices. This abstract highlight the crucial role MAES plays in fortifying the security landscape of IoT, making it a compelling choice for safeguarding sensitive data in the era of interconnected and resource-limited devices.
The test case bits will be used to pick the module. The key and input will then be chosen in accordance with the test case bit selection, and the module will generate the corresponding output and lower the clock cycles to 16 with 149.721W power dissipation. Verilog code was used to generate the MAES algorithm, which was intended for FPGA. Vivado tool is utilized for Synthesis and Simulation. The KINTEX-7 FPGA has successfully tested the design.
(Invited) Preparation of N-Type and P-Type Doped Single Crystal Diamonds with Laser-Induced Doping and Microwave Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Guo Linhai , Tian Li , Wang Hui , Meng Lingxue , Feng Chujun 
Published: August 2024

In this study, n-type doped single crystal diamonds were successfully prepared under normal temperature and pressure conditions using laser-induced doping. 248nm pulsed laser beams with nanosecond duration were irradiated on the single crystal diamond substrate immersing in an 85% phosphoric acid solution and it introduced phosphorus doping to form an n-type doped thin layer. The resistivity of the doped region significantly decreased compared to that of the single crystal diamond. After depositing a titanium electrode, the resistivity of the doped film obtained by Van der Pauw Technique was determined to be 1.3×10-6 Ω·m. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the absence of carbon or graphite phases in the laser-induced doped diamond, indicating that the enhanced conductivity was due to phosphorus incorporation.
Furthermore, p-type doped single crystal diamonds were successfully prepared by introducing boron during the growth process using Microwave Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition（MPCVD）. It was demonstrated that the proposed technique can introduce impurities into single crystal diamonds to form doped conductive thin layers, which has potential applications in the field of microdevices and integrated circuits.
The Electronic Impact of X-Ray on Atomically-Thin Oxide Semiconductor Devices
Authors: Lin Tzu-Jie , Tseng Robert , Chang Chan-Yuen , Chou Tsung-Te , Lien Der-Hsien 
Published: August 2024

In the past few years, there has been a significant emphasis on atomically-thin metal oxide semiconductors (OS), driven by their adjustable electrical properties that open up a range of electronic applications [1.2]. However, the mechanisms of transport and electronic tunability in OS remain unclear [3]. X-ray characterization techniques, i.e. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD), are considered as non-destructive and are widely used to quantify the chemical and electronic state of OS. In this work, we discovered that X-ray has significant impact on the electronic properties of OS. We observed that low energy X-ray (<2 keV) induces a negative V
T offset in OS devices [4]. The variation in V
T primarily originates from the chemical interaction of oxygen molecules on the channel surface. OS devices absorb the low-energy X-ray, generating the holes, and they subsequently react with O2
- on the channel surface, resulting in the production of oxygen and its removal from the channel surface, as shown in Fig 1a. The V
T shift caused by low energy X-ray will recover in air over time, as illustrated in Fig 1b. We incorporated the post low-energy X-ray devices into a vacuum environment with a pressure of 10-6 torr, and the V
T of the device exhibited no recovery over time, providing additional support for oxygen absorption mechanism. Time-resolved electrical measurements conducted in different atmospheric conditions reveal that the variations in V
T arise from the oxygen absorption mechanism. The research highlights the effect of X-ray on OS and analyzes the mechanism behind the increase in OS carrier concentration induced by the X-ray exposure.
[1] Si, M. et al. Scaled indium oxide transistors fabricated using atomic layer deposition. Nat. Electron. 5, 164–170 (2022).
[2] Charnas, Adam, et al. Extremely Thin Amorphous Indium Oxide Transistors. Adv. Mater. 2304044 (2023).
[3] Conley, J. F. Instabilities in amorphous oxide semiconductor thin-film transistors. IEEE Trans. Device Mater. Rel. 10, 460–475 (2010).
[4] Tseng, R., Wang, ST., Ahmed, T. et al. Wide-range and area-selective threshold voltage tunability in ultrathin indium oxide transistors. Nat. Commun. 14, 5243 (2023).

Figure 1
(Digital Presentation) Doped ZnO Layer (ZnO-Ga) Window Layer Fabrication By Electrodeposition
Authors: Saeed Mahfouz 
Published: August 2024

As an n-type semiconductor, zinc oxide (ZnO) is a conducting oxide for CIGS thin solid film 1 ZnO also possesses excellent stability, exceptional transparency, and high electron mobility, among other beneficial qualities 2-4. As in previous work for producing CIGS solar devices, this study presents the electrodeposited ZnO layer doped with gallium as a top layer. The substrate is undoped Zinc Oxide, and the electrochemical process was conducted at 72 °C. The electrolyte consists of Zn(NO3)2, GaCl3, and LiCl as a supporting electrolyte. This work is comparing both DC and pulsing electroplating to optimize the process parameters.
Complete electrodeposited devices with quantum efficiencies greater than 0.63 and efficiencies ranging from 3.2 to 6.3% were formed and evaluated. This work provides the electrochemical behavior and agitation effects of the deposit chemical composition. The deposit adhesion to the substrate was tested by applying the peeling test. For each of the three doped ZnO layers, sample polarization curves at 400 rpm electrode rotation speed is given (figure 1).
With the use of XRD and the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy technique (EDS), the final composition, oxide concentrations, crystallography, and oxide effects on the deposit were ascertained (figure 2). To measure the thickness of the deposit, a profilometer was employed.

References

[1] Saeed, M. Peña,.G. Nanomaterials 2021, 11,

911.

[2] Rousset, J. Saucedo, E. Lincot, D. Chemistry
of Materials 21 (2009) 534-978.
[3] Machado. G, Guerra. D, Leinen. J, Ramos. R, Marotti. A, Dalchiele, Thin Solid
Films 490 (2005) 124 – 131.
[4] Chikoidze, E. Nolan, M. Modreanu, M. Sallet, V.
Galtier, P. Thin Solid Films 518 (2008) 8146.

Figure 1
(Invited) Multi-Modal Solid-State Gas Sensors-Based Breath Analysis System with Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for Early Detection of Lung Cancer
Authors: Lee DaeSik 
Published: August 2024

Currently, digital healthcare technologies based on Internet of Things (IOT) are emerging, and the market for digital healthcare was estimated to be 151.5 billion dollars by 2020. Among the digital healthcare technologies, disease diagnosis is attracting maximum attention. Traditional diagnostic methods, such as radiology and human biological material analysis, have limitations of long study time, high cost, radiation exposure, and pain. Therefore, non-invasive diagnostics methods, for early diagnosis of specific diseases and personal healthcare management, have attracted attention.
Breath sensors are one of the promising candidates for the realization of non-invasive diagnosis owing to their ease of use, safety, and cost effectiveness. The exhaled breath analysis technique holds great promise as a non-invasive method for diagnosing lung cancer. In the breath of lung cancer patients, various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) markers are generated during metabolic processes. Analyzing these VOCs markers presents a compelling avenue for early and non-invasive lung cancer diagnosis. Solid state gas sensors capable of measuring specific VOCs are currently being researched and utilized as commercial gas sensors for this purpose. However, the concentration of lung cancer VOCs markers in exhaled breath is commonly very low, and individual commercial gas sensors often lack the necessary sensitivity and selectivity to accurately diagnose lung cancer. In this study, we propose a multimodal solid state electronic biosensor system designed to differentiate lung cancer VOCs characteristics among multiple VOCs, enabling exhalation-based lung cancer diagnosis. Initially, we developed multimodal biosensors using more than 20 gas sensors, consisting of metal oxide semiconductor sensors, electrochemical sensors, photoionized detectors, metalorganic frame sensors and so on. And each exhibiting varying sensitivity profiles for complex gas mixtures. Additionally, we designed a classification algorithm based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) and multi-layered perceptron (MLP) to distinguish between lung cancer patients and healthy individuals using the output from these diverse multimodal gas sensors. To evaluate the system's performance, we collected exhaled air samples from 74 lung cancer patients and 107 normal subjects, conducting clinical trials with our developed system. We did model evaluation with confusion matrix and ROC curve. The results of these tests confirmed that our system achieved a high predictive accuracy of over 95% in classifying lung cancer patients. The simplicity of the sensor configuration in our developed system makes it suitable for large-scale screening tests to identify potential candidates for precise lung cancer diagnosis. This technology has the potential to contribute to reduced national welfare costs and improved patient survival rates through early diagnosis.
(Invited) Cardiac Engineering: Optical Mapping in Cellular Communication
Authors: Sung Yen-Ling , Tsai Yuan-Si , Chang Chu-Ling , Chen Chih-Kuan , Wang Chih-Hua , Lin Yi-Chun 
Published: August 2024

Microfluidic platforms have emerged as valuable tools for replicating the adverse effects of chemotherapy drugs on cardiac and non-cardiac cells in vitro. However, these systems currently fall short of comprehensively capturing the intricate nature of human responses to chemotherapy, necessitating further validation to enhance model accuracy. While innovative chip systems provide insightful means for screening cardiac toxicity, they encounter challenges in addressing individual variations in drug responses and the influence of patient-specific factors.
A novel cardiac chip incorporating intracellular electrophysiological techniques was developed to monitor acute hypoxia-induced responses in cardiac cells. Despite its promising potential, the model exhibits limitations inherent to its simplified two-dimensional microfluidic system, warranting additional validation and optimization efforts to enhance physiological relevance and facilitate applications in clinical translation.
Moreover, previous research has proposed the formation of functional connections between human neurons and myocardial cells in a microfluidic chip. However, this study primarily focused on one-way connections between neurons and myocardial cells, overlooking the complexities of bidirectional neuro-muscular connections. Consequently, further research is imperative to deepen our understanding of the intricate interactions between neurons and myocardial cells.
Optical mapping techniques assessed transmembrane voltage, mitochondrial activity, and calcium signals during electric pacing. These comprehensive assessments aim to advance our understanding of cardiac electrophysiology under drug exposure, providing crucial insights into the intricate responses of cardiac cells to chemotherapy. This research has significant implications for enhancing our understanding of cardiac safety in the context of chemotherapy.
Distinguishing Electrochemical Processes in PEM Electrolysis By Impedance Modeling – Distribution of Relaxation Times
Authors: Chan Ai-Lin , Yu Haoran , Alia Shaun M 
Published: August 2024

Proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis is a key technology in hydrogen production to provide capacity and flexibility for renewable energy power sources. Various research topics for electrolyzer development focus on cost reduction, performance optimization and lifetime extension with minimum platinum group metal (PGM) loading required [1]. Understanding degradation mechanisms in PEM electrolysis cells becomes necessary for developing mitigation strategies in dynamic durability tests, which facilitates the importance of advanced electrochemical characterization methods.
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a commonly used diagnostic technique in electrochemical systems. For impedance interpretation, equivalent circuit model (ECM) can be an option with prior knowledge about the system and appropriate circuit elements to prevent overfitting. Alternatively, distribution of relaxation times (DRT) provides a model-free pathway to address electrochemical mechanisms with different time constants and it has been applied to fuel cells, batteries and capacitors in the past years [2, 3]. Impedance deconvolution by DRT, however, has not been well adapted for PEMECs. In this study, electrochemical processes are successfully identified from the DRT profile by varying membrane electrode assembly (MEA) compositions and different operational conditions. In a single cell testing, four main peaks in DRT results associated with (1) mass transport losses (2) reaction kinetic (3) ionic conductivity within the catalyst layer and (4) ohmic properties at the interface of membrane and catalyst layers can be separated and quantified. Examination of electron microscopy provides further explanation of different MEA characteristics in performance analysis. This study verifies DRT is a promising tool to better understand PEM electrolysis processes and will be applied to degradation mitigation in the future.
References:
[1] S. M. Alia, S. Stariha and R. L. Borup, J. Electrochem. Soc., 166, F1164 (2019).
[2] A. Kulikovsky, J. Phys. Chem. C 126 (5), 2424-2429 (2022).
[3] Y. Li, et al., Chemical Engineering Journal 451: 138327 (2023).

Figure 1
(Invited) Affordable Green Hydrogen from Alkaline Water Electrolysis: An Industrial Perspective
Authors: Therkildsen Kasper T. 
Published: August 2024

Electrolysers is a novel component in the energy system and is expected to play a key role in the transition to a fossil free energy system and supply Green Hydrogen to a number of small- and large-scale applications within a number of industries e.g. transportation, industry etc. with several hundreds of GW is projected to be installed towards 2030.
Modularity and mass production are key factors for the large scale deployment of electrolysis as envisioned in Hydrogen Strategies across the World. However, a number of different design strategies and modularities can be chosen in order to achieve this.
This talk focuses on fundamental aspects of alkaline electrolysis including industrial requirements for catalysts and diaphragms, how to develop an electrolyser product and the development of multi-MW alkaline electrolysers plants with factory assembled modules allowing rapid on-site installation in order to keep up with the pace needed to reach deployment targets.
Understanding Degradation Mechanisms in PEM Water Electrolysis Under Dynamic and Static Operating Conditions
Authors: Padgett Elliot , Yu Haoran , Blair Sarah J. , Pivovar Bryan S. , Myers Deborah J. , Cullen David A. , Alia Shaun M 
Published: August 2024

Hydrogen production by electrolysis has great potential to enable a decarbonized economy, although further effort is needed to decrease its cost to meet ambitious targets, such as the US Department of Energy Hydrogen Earthshot goal of $1/kgH2.1 Achieving such low hydrogen production costs using polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) will require decreasing the cost of input electricity while lowering capital costs through thrifting of iridium and other measures. An important opportunity to lower costs is the use of inexpensive intermittent electricity, either directly sourced from renewables or from grid leveling. However, previous studies have shown that dynamic cycling can accelerate degradation, especially when combined with low iridium catalyst loadings.2 It is therefore necessary to further understand the relevant degradation mechanisms, mitigation strategies, and implications for water electrolysis deployment.
Here we present the results of investigations to understand the degradation mechanisms in PEMWEs under dynamic and static operating conditions. This presentation will discuss the attribution of voltage degradation observed during long-term, constant-current operation as well as comparison of the degradation observed under cycled and static test conditions, with select results illustrated in Figure 1. This includes experiments designed to understand the transition between static and dynamic degradation behavior, differences in the degradation mechanisms, and opportunities for mitigation of dynamic degradation. We will further present investigations into the impacts of porous transport layer-catalyst layer interactions on anode catalyst degradation. Finally, we will discuss the implications of these results for guiding research priorities in PEMWE and developing operational and materials-based mitigation strategies.
Citations:

Energy.gov https://www.energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/hydrogen-shot.

S. M. Alia, S. Stariha, and R. L. Borup, J. Electrochem. Soc., 166, F1164–F1172 (2019).

Figure 1: Voltage over time profiles for durability tests comparing different current densities and cycle/hold protocols. All tests use anode/cathode catalyst loadings of 0.4 mgIrcm-2/0.1 mgPtcm-2 and a Nafion N115 membrane, operating at 80°C.

Figure 1
Overcoming Challenges in Ion-Pair Membrane Technology: Advancements in Fuel Cells and Electrochemical Hydrogen Pumps
Authors: Chhetri Manjeet , Lim Katie , Kim Youngkwang , Maurya Sandip , Park Hyounmyung , De Castro Emory S. , Kim Yu Seung 
Published: August 2024

The Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA) stands as the pivotal element in electrochemical devices such as fuel cells and electrochemical hydrogen pumps (EHP). Notably, ion-pair High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (HT-PEMFCs) with reduced phosphoric acid concentrations within the MEA have been innovatively designed, allowing for the integration of diverse ion-conducting binders, known as ionomers, into both the cathode and anode electrodes [1]. This study delineates initial distinctions in MEA configurations among different device types (HT-Fuel cell and EHP), conducting a comprehensive analysis of performance disparities between traditional polybenzimidazole-based systems and various ion-pair proton exchange membranes [2].
Subsequently, a detailed exploration unfolds, focusing on the utilization of ion-pair membranes and different ionomer types for the three aforementioned devices. This comprehensive examination offers a unified comparative analysis encompassing ionomer type, membrane thickness, catalyst:ionomer ratio, and phosphoric acid doping levels, particularly in the context of performance at intermediate temperatures (160℃). Conclusions are drawn based on results derived from both half-cell and single-cell evaluations. Finally, overarching guidelines are presented to inform the formulation of high-performance MEA configurations tailored for ion-pair HT-PEMFCs and EHPs.

References:

[1] Lim, K. H.; Lee, A. S.; Atanasov, V.; Kerres, J.; Park, E. J.; Adhikari, S.; Maurya, S.; Manriquez, L. D.; Jung, J.; Fujimoto, C.; Matanovic, I.; Jankovic, J.; Hu, Z.; Jia, H.; Kim, Y. S. Protonated phosphonic acid electrodes for high power heavy-duty vehicle fuel cells, Nature Energy, 7, 248 (2022).
[2] Lim, K, H; Matanovic, I; Maurya, S; Kim Y; De Castro E. S; Jang, J-H; Park, H; Kim, Y.S. High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells with High Phosphoric Acid Retention. ACS Energy Lett., 8, 1, 529–536 (2023).