bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Various operating methods and parameters for SO2 electrolysis
Authors: Krüger Andries J. , Krieg Henning M. , Grigoriev Sergey A. , Bessarabov Dmitri 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe application of PFSA‐based proton exchange membranes was investigated for the production of hydrogen and sulfuric acid using a SO2‐depolarized electrolyzer system. Parameters investigated included hot pressing pressure for the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) manufacturing, cell temperature, membrane thickness, catalyst loading, membrane type, and SO2 anode feed concentration. The effect of cell temperature, membrane thickness, and acid concentrations was also investigated when using a second method, where clean sulfuric acid as cathode and SO2 saturated sulfuric acid as anode were used. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed that the pressure exerted in the MEA manufacturing step had a significant influence with 125 kg cm−2 yielding the highest current density. High temperatures (>80°C) and thin membranes (≈120 μm) showed the best performance while thicker membranes produced higher acid concentration when using the first system. The SO2 concentration in the anode had a significant influence with the over potential increasing with decreasing SO2 concentration. When using the second method, it was found that the SO2 solubility in sulfuric acid is important as the mass transport of the SO2 limits the overall reaction rate. From the two systems tested, the first method, that is, dry SO2 anode and liquid water cathode showed the best operational effectiveness reaching a maximum of 0.32 A cm−2 at 80°C using N115 coated with 1 mgPt cm−2 while the second system under the same conditions achieved a current density of 0.18 A cm−2 when using N117.
Improved MPS method with variable‐size particles
Authors: Chen Xiao , Sun Zhong‐Guo , Liu Ling , Xi Guang 
Published: July 2015

SummaryUsing variable‐size particles in the moving particle semi‐implicit method (MPS) could lead to inaccurate predictions and/or numerical instability. In this paper, a variable‐size particle moving particle semi‐implicit method (VSP‐MPS) scheme is proposed for the MPS method to achieve more reliable simulations with variable‐size particles. To improve stability and accuracy, a new gradient model is developed based on a previously developed MPS scheme that requires no surface detection MPS. The dynamic particle coalescing and splitting algorithm is revised to achieve dynamic multi‐resolution. A cubic spline function with additional function is employed as the kernel function. The effectiveness of the VSP‐MPS method is demonstrated by three verification examples, that is, a hydrostatic pressure problem, a complicated free surface flow problem with large deformation, and a dynamic impact problem. The new VSP‐MPS scheme with variable‐size particles is found to have balanced efficiency and accuracy that is suitable for simulating large systems with complex flow patterns. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire–Head and Neck Module, updated version: Preliminary psychometric data from Serbian laryngectomized patients
Authors: Trivic Sanja Krejovic , Trivic Aleksandar , Singer Susanne , Milovanovic Jovica , Stankovic Predrag , Mikic Anton , Vukasinovic Milan , Djordjevic Vladimir , Jotic Ana , Folic Miljan , Stevanovic Dejan 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundWe provided preliminary psychometric data for the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire–Head and Neck Module, updated version (QLQ‐H&N43) from a group of Serbian laryngectomized patients.MethodsThe study included 170 subjects. The QLQ‐H&N43 is a 43‐item questionnaire, with 12 multi‐item scales and 7 single‐item symptom scales. All subjects also completed the Quality of Life Questionnaire‐Core 30‐questions (QLQ‐C30).ResultsGood internal consistency (Cronbach's α of above 0.7) was found for 5 of the 7 scales. All QLQ‐H&N43 scales correlated negatively as predicted with all QLQ‐C30 functioning scales. The correlations with the QLQ‐C30 symptoms supported discriminant validity, with only one exception: the head and neck social eating scale overlapped with the QLQ‐C30 pain scale. For 14 of 19 QLQ‐H&N43 scale scores, significant known‐group differences were observed between those who differ in type of laryngectomy, adjuvant therapy, or 5‐year survival.ConclusionPreliminary evidence suggests that a great majority of the QLQ‐H&N43 scales have acceptable internal consistency and promising construct validity, but more research studies are needed with other cancer groups to extend these findings. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E916–E924, 2016
Boosting the Performance of ZnO/CdS Core‐Shell Nanorod Array‐based Solar Cells by ZnS Surface Treatment
Authors: Kamble Archana , Sinha Bhavesh B. , Chung Kookchae , Mali Sawanta S. , Agawane Ganesh L. , Vanalakar Sharad A. , Kim In Young , Hong C. K. , Kim J. Y. , Kim Jin Hyeok , Patil Pramod S. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWith a view to enhancing the efficiency of ZnO/CdS core‐shell nanorod array‐based semiconductor sensitized solar cells (SSSCs), ZnS surface treatment is envisioned. It is achieved through a thin layer of ZnS being deposited onto ZnO/CdS film by a successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) technique. To ascertain the optimum thickness of ZnS and to enhance the solar cell performance, we have varied the number of SILAR cycles of ZnS deposition. The optimized film is then considered for structural, morphological, and electrochemical studies. The analysis reveals the benefits of ZnS surface treatment on ZnO/CdS core‐shell photoelectrodes in terms of an enhancement of solar cell performance of up to 1.54 % from 1.23 %.
Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of a liquid formulation of hydroxyurea in children with sickle cell anemia
Authors: Estepp Jeremie H. , Melloni Chiara , Thornburg Courtney D. , Wiczling Paweł , Rogers Zora , Rothman Jennifer A. , Green Nancy S. , Liem Robert , Brandow Amanda M. , Crary Shelley E. , Howard Thomas H. , Morris Maurine H. , Lewandowski Andrew , Garg Uttam , Jusko William J. , Neville Kathleen A. ,   on behalf of the Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act—Pediatric Trials Network Administrative Core Committee*
Published: July 2015

AbstractHydroxyurea (HU) is a crucial therapy for children with sickle cell anemia, but its off‐label use is a barrier to widespread acceptance. We found HU exposure is not significantly altered by liquid vs capsule formulation, and weight‐based dosing schemes provide consistent exposure. HU is recommended for all children starting as young as 9 months of age with sickle cell anemia (SCA; HbSS and HbSβspan0thalassemia); however; a paucity of pediatric data exists regarding the pharmacokinetics (PK) or the exposure‐response relationship of HU. This trial aimed to characterize the PK of HU in children and to evaluate and compare the bioavailability of a liquid vs capsule formulation. This multicenter; prospective; open‐label trial enrolled 39 children with SCA who provided 682 plasma samples for PK analysis following administration of HU. Noncompartmental and population PK models are described. We report that liquid and capsule formulations of HU are bioequivalent; weight‐based dosing schemes provide consistent drug exposure; and age‐based dosing schemes are unnecessary. These data support the use of liquid HU in children unable to swallow capsules and in those whose weight precludes the use of fixed capsule formulations. Taken with existing safety and efficacy literature; these findings should encourage the use of HU across the spectrum of age and weight in children with SCA; and they should facilitate the expanded use of HU as recommended in the National Heart; Lung; and Blood Institute guidelines for individuals with SCA.
Rigid shells enhance survival of gekkotan eggs
Authors: Andrews Robin M. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThe majority of lizards and snakes produce permeable parchment‐shelled eggs that require high moisture conditions for successful embryonic development. One clade of gekkotan lizards is an exception; females produce relatively impermeable rigid‐shelled eggs that normally incubate successfully under low moisture conditions. I tested the hypothesis that the rigid‐shell increases egg survival during incubation, but only under low moisture conditions. To test this hypothesis, I incubated rigid‐shelled eggs of Chondrodactylus turneri under low and under high moisture conditions. Eggs were incubated with parchment‐shelled eggs of Eublepharis macularius to insure that incubation conditions were suitable for parchment‐shelled eggs. Chondrodactylus turneri eggs had very high survival (>90%) when they were incubated under low moisture conditions. In contrast, eggs incubated under high moisture conditions had low survival overall, and lower survival than those of the parchment‐shelled eggs of E. macularius. Mortality of C. turneri and E. macularius eggs incubated under high moisture conditions was the result of fungal infection, a common source of egg mortality for squamates under laboratory and field conditions. These observations document high survival of rigid‐shelled eggs under low moisture conditions because eggs escape from fungal infection. Highly mineralized rigid shells also make egg survival independent of moisture availability and may also provide protection from small invertebrates in nature. Enhanced egg survival could thus compensate for the low reproductive output of gekkotans that produce rigid‐shelled eggs. J. Exp. Zool. 323A: 607–615, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interunit handoffs from emergency department to inpatient care: A cross‐sectional survey of physicians at a university medical center
Authors: Smith Christopher J. , Britigan Denise H. , Lyden Elizabeth , Anderson Nathan , Welniak Ted J. , Wadman Michael C. 
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUNDEmergency department (ED) to inpatient physician handoffs are subject to complex challenges. We assessed physicians' perceptions of the ED admission handoff process and identified potential barriers to safe patient care.METHODSWe conducted a cross‐sectional survey at a 627‐bed tertiary care academic medical center. Eligible participants included all resident, fellow, and faculty physicians directly involved in admission handoffs from emergency medicine (EM) and 5 medical admitting services. The survey addressed communication quality, clinical information, interpersonal perceptions, assignment of responsibilities, organizational factors, and patient safety. Participants reported their responses via a 5‐point Likert scale and an open‐ended description of handoff‐related adverse events.RESULTSResponse rates were 63% for admitting (94/150) and 86% for EM physicians (32/37). Compared to EM respondents, admitting physicians reported that vital clinical information was communicated less frequently for all 8 content areas (P < 0.001). Ninety‐four percent of EM physicians felt defensive at least “sometimes.” Twenty‐nine percent of all respondents reported handoff‐related adverse events, most frequently related to ineffective communication. Sequential handoffs were common for both EM and admitting services, with 78% of physicians reporting they negatively impacted patient care.CONCLUSIONPhysicians reported that patient safety was often at risk during the ED admission handoff process. Admitting and EM physicians had divergent perceptions regarding handoff communication, and sequential handoffs were common. Further research is needed to better understand this complex process and to investigate strategies for improvement. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;10:711–717. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
Accuracy and the effect of possible subject‐based confounders of magnitude‐based MRI for estimating hepatic proton density fat fraction in adults, using MR spectroscopy as reference
Authors: Heba Elhamy R. , Desai Ajinkya , Zand Kevin A. , Hamilton Gavin , Wolfson Tanya , Schlein Alexandra N. , Gamst Anthony , Loomba Rohit , Sirlin Claude B. , Middleton Michael S. 
Published: July 2015

PurposeTo determine the accuracy and the effect of possible subject‐based confounders of magnitude‐based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for estimating hepatic proton density fat fraction (PDFF) for different numbers of echoes in adults with known or suspected nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, using MR spectroscopy (MRS) as a reference.Materials and MethodsIn this retrospective analysis of 506 adults, hepatic PDFF was estimated by unenhanced 3.0T MRI, using right‐lobe MRS as reference. Regions of interest placed on source images and on six‐echo parametric PDFF maps were colocalized to MRS voxel location. Accuracy using different numbers of echoes was assessed by regression and Bland–Altman analysis; slope, intercept, average bias, and R2 were calculated. The effect of age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) on hepatic PDFF accuracy was investigated using multivariate linear regression analyses.ResultsMRI closely agreed with MRS for all tested methods. For three‐ to six‐echo methods, slope, regression intercept, average bias, and R2 were 1.01–0.99, 0.11–0.62%, 0.24–0.56%, and 0.981–0.982, respectively. Slope was closest to unity for the five‐echo method. The two‐echo method was least accurate, underestimating PDFF by an average of 2.93%, compared to an average of 0.23–0.69% for the other methods. Statistically significant but clinically nonmeaningful effects on PDFF error were found for subject BMI (P range: 0.0016 to 0.0783), male sex (P range: 0.015 to 0.037), and no statistically significant effect was found for subject age (P range: 0.18‐0.24).ConclusionHepatic magnitude‐based MRI PDFF estimates using three, four, five, and six echoes, and six‐echo parametric maps are accurate compared to reference MRS values, and that accuracy is not meaningfully confounded by age, sex, or BMI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;43:398–406.
The effect of raw materials on thermo‐oxidative stability and glycidyl ester content of palm oil during frying
Authors: Aniołowska Magda A , Kita Agnieszka M 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of this research was to determine the effects of the water content of food incorporated into frying oil on oil degradation and the content of glycidyl esters. Potato chips, French fries and snacks were fried intermittently in palm oil, which was heated at 180 °C for 8 h per day over five consecutive days. Thermo‐oxidative and physical alterations, changes in fatty acid composition, total polar components, polar fraction composition, and water content were analysed. The content of glycidyl esters was measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.RESULTSMore polar compounds were formed in the oil used for frying chips (252 g kg−1) than for French fries (229 g kg−1) or snacks (196 g kg−1). Reductions in glycidyl esters were found in oils used for frying – greater for frying snacks and French fries (95% and 93%) than for potato chips (87%). The rate of decrease of glycidyl esters was correlated with frying parameters, most strongly with the concentrations of diacylglycerols (r = 0.98) and total polar components (r = −0.98).CONCLUSIONThe raw material had a greater influence on polymerization conversion and glycidyl ester content than on hydrolytic and oxidative changes in the frying oil. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
A Chemical Kinetic Mechanism for 2‐Bromo‐3,3,3‐trifluoropropene (2‐BTP) Flame Inhibition
Authors: Burgess Donald R. , Babushok Valeri I. , Linteris Gregory T. , Manion Jeffrey A. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTIn this work, we report a detailed chemical kinetic mechanism to describe the flame inhibition chemistry of the fire‐suppressant 2‐bromo‐3,3,3‐trifluoropropene (2‐BTP), under consideration as a replacement for CF3Br. Under some conditions, the effectiveness of 2‐BTP is similar to that of CF3Br; however, like other potential halon replacements, it failed an U.S. Federal Aviation Authority (FAA) qualifying test for its use in cargo bays. Large overpressures are observed in that test and indicate an exothermic reaction of the agent under those conditions. The kinetic model reported herein lays the groundwork to understand the seemingly conflicting behavior on a fundamental basis. The present mechanism and parameters are based on an extensive literature review supplemented with new quantum chemical calculations. The first part of the present article documents the information considered and provides traceability with respect to the reaction set, species thermochemistry, and kinetic parameters. In additional work, presented more fully elsewhere, we have combined the 2‐BTP chemical kinetic mechanism developed here with several other submodels from the literature and then used the combined mechanism to simulate premixed flames over a range of fuel/air stoichiometries and agent loadings. Overall, the modeling results qualitatively predicted observations found in cup‐burner tests and FAA Aerosol Can Tests, including the extinguishing concentrations required and the lean‐to‐rich dependence of mixtures. With these data in hand, in a second phase of the present work, we perform a reaction path analysis of major species under several modeled conditions. This analysis leads to a qualitative understanding of the ability of 2‐BTP to act as both an inhibitor and a fuel, depending on the conditions and suggests areas of the kinetic model that should be further investigated and refined.
Gray and white matter imaging: A biomarker for cognitive impairment in early Parkinson's disease?
Authors: Duncan Gordon W. , Firbank Michael J. , Yarnall Alison J. , Khoo Tien K. , Brooks David J. , Barker Roger A. , Burn David J. , O'Brien John T. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe aim of this work was to investigate the cortical and white matter changes that underlie cognitive impairment in patients with incident Parkinson's disease (PD) disease using voxel‐based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging.MethodsNewly diagnosed nondemented PD (n = 125) and control subjects (n = 50) were recruited from the Incidence of Cognitive Impairment in Cohorts with Longitudinal Evaluation in Parkinson's Disease Study and completed cognitive assessments and 3T structural and diffusion tensor MR imaging. Voxel‐based morphometry was performed to investigate the relationship between gray matter volume and cognitive ability. Microstructural white matter changes were assessed with diffusion tensor imaging measures of fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity using tract‐based spatial statistics.ResultsIncreased mean diffusivity was observed bilaterally in subjects with PD, relative to controls (P = 0.019). Increased mean diffusivity was associated with performance on the semantic fluency and Tower of London tasks in frontal and parietal white matter tracts, including the cingulum, superior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, and inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculus. There was no difference in total gray matter volume between groups; however, bilateral reductions in frontal and parietal gray matter volume were associated with reduced performance on measures of executive function in PD subjects.ConclusionsAt the earliest stages of PD, regionally specific increases in central white matter mean diffusivity are present and suggest early axonal damage. Such changes are not accompanied by significant gray matter volume loss and are consistent with proposed models of pathological progression of the disease. Structural MRI, especially diffusion tensor imaging analysis, offers potential as a noninvasive biomarker reflecting cognitive impairment in PD. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Furostanolic saponins from Trigonella foenum‐graecum alleviate diet‐induced glucose intolerance and hepatic fat accumulation
Authors: Hua Yinan , Ren Sidney Y. , Guo Rui , Rogers Olivia , Nair Rama P. , Bagchi Debasis , Swaroop Anand , Nair Sreejayan 
Published: July 2015

ScopeThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fenugreek furostanolic saponins (FenfuroTM) either alone or in combination with chlorogenic acid (GCB‐70TM) on insulin resistance in mice.Methods and resultsMale C57BL/6J mice were subjected to a normal or high‐fat diet (HFD) and were randomly assigned to receive FenfuroTM, GCB‐70TM, or their combination for 24 wk. Metabolic parameters, glucose tolerance, serum triglycerides, cardiac function, and hepatic insulin signaling were evaluated using indirect open‐circuit calorimetry, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, oil red O staining, echocardiography, and Western blotting, respectively. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test revealed glucose intolerance in the mice receiving HFD, which was attenuated by FenfuroTM. Serum triglyceride that was elevated following an HFD was reconciled by both FenfuroTM and the combination. HFD compromised myocardial contractile function, which was unaffected by the treatment. Insulin‐stimulated phosphorylation of Protein kinase B (AKT) in the liver was attenuated in mice receiving HFD, which was partially rescued by GCB‐70TM. Neither treatment altered metabolic parameters or energy expenditure.ConclusionCollectively, our data suggest that fenugreek furostanolic saponins and green coffee bean extract may have potential benefits in treating insulin resistance and related conditions.
Expression profile of doublesex/male abnormal‐3‐related transcription factor‐1 during gonadal sex change in the protogynous wrasse, Halichoeres trimaculatus
Authors: Nozu Ryo , Horiguchi Ryo , Kobayashi Yasuhisa , Nakamura Masaru 
Published: July 2015

SUMMARYSex change in fish involves a dramatic transformation of gonadal tissue and a switch in gametogenesis. Doublesex/male abnormal‐3‐related transcription factor‐1 (DMRT1), encoded by the DMRT1 gene, is involved in testicular differentiation in a wide range of vertebrates as well as in sexual differentiation and gonadal sex change. In the present study, we investigated changes in the expression of dmrt1 during artificial gonadal sex change in the three‐spot wrasse, Halichoeres trimaculatus, by real‐time quantitative PCR and immunolocalization, using an anti‐wrasse‐Dmrt1 antibody that we prepared. We found that dmrt1 expression was predominantly observed in the testes, and that Dmrt1 was expressed in Sertoli cells of testes and a few granulosa cells surrounding vitellogenic oocytes of the ovary. Additionally, the upregulation of dmrt1 expression was consistent with an increase in spermatogenic cyst quantity rather than proliferation of presumptive spermatogonia, suggesting that dmrt1 is involved in the progression of spermatogenesis during sex change. Changes in the localization of Dmrt1 during gonadal sex change further implied that Sertoli cells originate from somatic cells adjacent to gonial germ cells during testicular formation in the three‐spot wrasse. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 82: 859–866, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.