bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conditional Relation between Systematic Risk and Returns in the Conventional and Downside Frameworks: Evidence from the Indonesian Market
Authors: Nurjannah  , Galagedera Don U.A. , Brooks Robert 
Published: January 2013

Unconditional pricing models fail to support a positive risk–return trade-off. When excess market return is negative an inverse relationship between the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) beta and equal-weighted and value-weighted portfolio return is observed. To accommodate market movement in the pricing model, two volatility regimes (high/low) is delineated by specifying a threshold on conditional market volatility estimated via a generalised autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) process. In the low volatility regime, the CAPM beta risk premium and the downside beta risk premium are negative. This observation is robust to the level of the threshold used and is more pronounced in value-weighted portfolios. When the market condition and market movement is incorporated together as conditioning variables, a strong relationship between CAPM beta and return is uncovered. JEL Classification: G12
PI3K/Akt-independent negative regulation of JNK signaling by MKP-7 after cerebral ischemia in rat hippocampus
Authors: Zhu JianXi , Shen Wei , Gao Li , Gu Hao , Shen ShuTong , Wang Yi , Wu HuiWen , Guo Jun 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
The inactivation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is associated with anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects in cerebral ischemia, which can be induced by an imbalance between upstream phosphatases and kinases.

Result
Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 7 (MKP-7) was upregulated significantly at 4 h of reperfusion postischemia in rat hippocampi. By administration of cycloheximide or siRNA against mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 7 (MKP-7) in a rat model of ischemia/reperfusion, an obvious enhancement of JNK activity was observed in 4 h of reperfusion following ischemia, suggesting MKP-7 was involved in JNK inactivation after ischemia. The subcellular localization of MKP-7 altered after ischemia, and the inhibition of MKP-7 nuclear export by Leptomycin B up-regulated JNK activity. Although PI3K/Akt inhibition could block downregulation of JNK activity through SEK1 and MKK-7 activation, PI3K/Akt activity was not associated with the regulation of JNK by MKP-7.

Conclusions
MKP-7, independently of PI3K/Akt pathway, played a key role in downregulation of JNK activity after ischemia in the rat hippocampus, and the export of MKP-7 from the nucleus was involved in downregulation of cytoplasmic JNK activity in response to ischemic stimuli.
The oral glucose tolerance test for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in patients during acute coronary syndrome hospitalization: a meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy
Authors: Ye Yicong , Xie Hongzhi , Zhao Xiliang , Zhang Shuyang 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe appropriateness of the routine performance of an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to screen for diabetes mellitus (DM) during acute coronary syndrome hospitalization is still under debate.MethodsA systematic search of databases (MEDLINE [1985 to March 2012], EMBASE [1985 to March 2012]) was conducted. All prospective cohort studies assessing the accuracy or reproducibility of an OGTT in ACS or non-ACS individuals were included. A bivariate model was used to calculate the pooled sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR). Heterogeneity was explored using subgroup analysis and meta-regression.ResultsFifteen studies with 8,027 participants were included (10 ACS and 5 non-ACS studies). The pooled results on SEN, SPE, PLR, NLR, and DOR were 0.70 (95% CI, 0.60-0.78), 0.91 (95% CI, 0.86-0.94), 7.6 (95% CI, 4.9-11.7), 0.33 (95% CI, 0.25-0.45), and 23 (95% CI, 12–41), respectively. The OGTT has a slightly lower SPE in diagnosing DM in ACS than in non-ACS patients (0.86 [95% CI 0.81-0.92] versus 0.95 [95% CI 0.93-0.98],p<0.01), while the SEN values are comparable (0.71 [95% CI 0.60-0.82] versus 0.67 [95% CI 0.54-0.81],p=0.43). After adjusting the interval between repeated tests and age, the meta-regression did not show a difference in DOR between ACS and non-ACS studies.ConclusionsDespite the discrepancy in the interval between the two OGTTs, performing an OGTT in patients with ACS provides accuracy that is similar to that in in non-ACS patients. It is reasonable to screen patients hospitalized for ACS for previously undiagnosed DM using an OGTT.
Relationship between fluctuations in glucose levels measured by continuous glucose monitoring and vascular endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Torimoto Keiichi , Okada Yosuke , Mori Hiroko , Tanaka Yoshiya 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
Fluctuations in blood glucose level cause endothelial dysfunction and play a critical role in onset and/or progression of atherosclerosis. We hypothesized that fluctuation in blood glucose levels correlate with vascular endothelial dysfunction and that this relationship can be assessed using common bedside medical devices.

Methods
Fluctuations in blood glucose levels were measured over 24 hours by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) on admission day 2 in 57 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The reactive hyperemia index (RHI), an index of vascular endothelial function, was measured using peripheral arterial tonometry (EndoPAT) on admission day 3.

Results
The natural logarithmic-scaled RHI (L_RHI) correlated with SD (r=−0.504; P<0.001), the mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) (r=−0.571; P<0.001), mean postprandial glucose excursion (MPPGE) (r=−0.411; P=0.001) and percentage of time ≥200 mg/dl (r=−0.292; P=0.028). In 12 patients with hypoglycemia, L_RHI also correlated with the percentage of time at hypoglycemia (r=−0.589; P= 0.044). L_RHI did not correlate with HbA1c or fasting plasma glucose levels. Furthermore, L_RHI did not correlate with LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels or with systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Finally, multivariate analysis identified MAGE as the only significant determinant of L_RHI.

Conclusions
Fluctuations in blood glucose levels play a significant role in vascular endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes.

Trial registration
UMIN000007581
Studying fitness cost of Plasmodium falciparum infection in malaria vectors: validation of an appropriate negative control
Authors: Sangare Ibrahim , Michalakis Yannis , Yameogo Bienvenue , Dabire Roch , Morlais Isabelle , Cohuet Anna 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
The question whether Plasmodium falciparum infection affects the fitness of mosquito vectors remains open. A hurdle for resolving this question is the lack of appropriate control, non-infected mosquitoes that can be compared to the infected ones. It was shown recently that heating P. falciparum gametocyte-infected blood before feeding by malaria vectors inhibits the infection. Therefore, the same source of gametocyte-infected blood could be divided in two parts, one heated, serving as the control, the other unheated, allowing the comparison of infected and uninfected mosquitoes which fed on exactly the same blood otherwise. However, before using this method for characterizing the cost of infection to mosquitoes, it is necessary to establish whether feeding on previously heated blood affects the survival and fecundity of mosquito females.

Methods

Anopheles gambiae M molecular form females were exposed to heated versus non-heated, parasite-free human blood to mimic blood meal on non-infectious versus infectious gametocyte-containing blood. Life history traits of mosquito females fed on blood that was heat-treated or not were then compared.

Results
The results reveal that heat treatment of the blood did not affect the survival and fecundity of mosquito females. Consistently, blood heat treatment did not affect the quantity of blood ingested.

Conclusions
The study indicates that heat inactivation of gametocyte-infected blood will only inhibit mosquito infection and that this method is suitable for quantifying the fitness cost incurred by mosquitoes upon infection by P. falciparum.
Utilization of multiwalled boron nitride nanotubes for the reinforcement of lightweight aluminum ribbons
Authors: Yamaguchi Maho , Pakdel Amir , Zhi Chunyi , Bando Yoshio , Tang Dai-Ming , Faerstein Konstantin , Shtansky Dmitry , Golberg Dmitri 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Multiwalled boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) have very attractive mechanical and thermal properties, e.g., elasticity, tensile strength, and high resistance to oxidation, and may be considered as ideal reinforcing agents in lightweight metal matrix composites. Herein, for the first time, Al-BNNT ribbons with various BNNT contents (up to 3 wt.%) were fabricated via melt spinning in an argon atmosphere. BNNTs were randomly dispersed within a microcrystalline Al matrix under ribbon casting and led to more than doubling of room-temperature ultimate tensile strength of the composites compared to pure Al ribbons produced at the similar conditions.
Synthesis and characterization of NIR-responsive Aurod@pNIPAAm-PEGMA nanogels as vehicles for delivery of photodynamic therapy agents
Authors: Shang Ting , Wang Cai-ding , Ren Lei , Tian Xin-hua , Li Dong-hui , Ke Xue-bin , Chen Min , Yang An-qi 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
A near-infrared (NIR)-responsive Aurod@pNIPAAm-PEGMA nanogel was synthesized in two steps, growing a PEGMA monolayer on the surface of gold nanorods (AuNRs), followed by in situ polymerization and cross-linking of N-iso-propylacrylamide (NIPAAm) and poly-(ethylene glycol)-methacrylate (PEGMA). The AuNRs and Aurod@pNIPAAm-PEGMA nanogel were characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. The lower critical solution temperature of the Aurod@pNIPAAm-PEGMA nanogel could be tuned by changing the molar ratio of NIPAAm/PEGMA. The NIR-mediated drug release behavior of the Aurod@pNIPAAm-PEGMA nanogel was studied with zinc phthalocyanines (ZnPc4) as a drug model. It was also demonstrated that the loaded ZnPc4 could keep the capability of generating singlet oxygen, and the in vitro study showed a great photodynamic therapy (PDT) effect on Hela cells. It thus indicated the potential of this Aurod@pNIPAAm-PEGMA nanogel for application as a drug carrier in PDT, which might make contributions to oncotherapy.
Alphaherpesvirinae and Gammaherpesvirinae glycoprotein L and CMV UL130 originate from chemokines
Authors: Malkowska Maja , Kokoszynska Katarzyna , Dymecka Magdalena , Rychlewski Leszek , Wyrwicz Lucjan S 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Herpesviridae is a large family of DNA viruses divided into three subfamilies: Alpha-, Beta- and Gammaherpesvirinae. The process of herpesvirus transmission is mediated by a range of proteins, one of which is glycoprotein L (gL). Based on our analysis of the solved structures of HSV2 and EBV gH/gL complexes, we propose that Alphaherpesvirinae and Gammaherpesvirinae glycoprotein L and Betaherpesvirinae UL130 originate from chemokines. Herpes simplex virus type 2 gL and human cytomegalovirus homolog (UL130) adopt a novel C chemokine-like fold, while Epstein-Barr virus gL mimics a CC chemokine structure. Hence, it is possible that gL interface with specific chemokine receptors during the transmission of Herpesviridae. We conclude that the further understanding of the function of viral chemokine-like proteins in Herpesviridae infection may lead to development of novel prophylactic and therapeutic treatment.
Overexpression of aldo-keto-reductase in azole-resistant clinical isolates of Candida glabrata determined by cDNA-AFLP
Authors: Farahyar Shirin , Zaini Farideh , Kordbacheh Parivash , Rezaie Sassan , Safara Mahin , Raoofian Reza , Heidari Mansour 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background

Candida glabrata causes significant medical problems in immunocompromised patients. Many strains of this yeast are intrinsically resistant to azole antifungal agents, and treatment is problematic, leading to high morbidity and mortality rates in immunosuppressed individuals. The primary goal of this study was to investigate the genes involved in the drug resistance of clinical isolates of C. glabrata.

Methods
The clinical isolates of C. glabrata were collected in an epidemiological survey of candidal infection in immunocompromised patients and consisted of four fluconazole and itraconazole resistant isolates, two fluconazole and itraconazole sensitive isolates, and C. glabrata CBS 138 as reference strain. Antifungal susceptibility patterns of the organisms were determined beforehand by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The potential gene(s) implicated in antifungal resistance were investigated using complementary DNA- Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (cDNA-AFLP). Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was carried out to evaluate the expression of gene(s) in resistant isolates as compared to sensitive and reference strains.

Results and conclusions
The aldo-keto-reductase superfamily (AKR gene) was upregulated in the resistant clinical isolates as assessed by cDNA-AFLP. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR revealed AKR mRNA expression approximately twice that seen in the sensitive isolates. Overexpression of the AKR gene was associated with increased fluconazole and itraconazole resistance in C. glabrata. The data suggest that upregulation of the AKR gene might give a new insight into the mechanism of azole resistance.
Accumulation of prelamin A compromises NF-κB-regulated B-lymphopoiesis in a progeria mouse model
Authors: Liu Baohua , Zhou Shuangcheng , Liu Xinguang , Zhou Keyuan , Zhang Fengju , Zhou Zhongjun 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
Alteration in the immune system is one of the most profound aspects of aging. Progressive changes in the number of B lymphocyte progenitors during aging have been reported but the underlying mechanisms are still elusive. A heterozygous G608G mutation in the LMNA gene leads to a deletion of 50 amino acids in lamin A protein, termed progerin, and is the predominant cause of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS). Lack of Zmpste24, a metalloproteinase responsible for prelamin A processing, leads to progeroid features resembling HGPS. Therefore Zmpste24-deficient mice provide an ideal mouse model to study the impact of lamin A and (premature) aging on the aging-related decline of B lymphopoiesis.

Results
Analysis of bone marrow (BM) nucleated cells revealed a decline of early B cell progenitors in Zmpste24
−/− mice. BM transplantation in a congenic strain completely rescued the defects in B lymphopoiesis, indicating that the decline in B cell progenitors in Zmpste24
−/− mice is attributable to defective BM microenvironments rather than to cell-intrinsic defects. Further investigation revealed downregulation of a set of important early B lymphopoiesis factors in Zmpste24
−/− bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), such as Vcam-1, SDF-1α, Flt3L and TSLP, and most of them are under transcriptional control of NF-κB signaling. Though TNFα stimulates IκBα degradation and NF-κB nuclear translocation in Zmpste24
−/− BMSCs, NF-κB fails to stimulate IκBα re-expression, which mediates a negative feedback loop of NF-κB signaling in wild-type BMSCs.

Conclusions
Our data demonstrate a cell-extrinsic defect of B cell development in a progeroid mouse model and a critical role for lamin A in the regulation of NF-κB signaling and cytokines that are essential for lymphopoiesis.
From immigrants to (non-)citizens: political economy of naturalisations in Latvia
Authors: Ivļevs Artjoms , King Roswitha M 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe study the determinants of the willingness to acquire citizenship of Latvia by ‘non-citizens’ – the former Soviet migrants and their descendants born on the territory of Latvia. The country of Latvia serves as an instructive laboratory for the analysis of naturalisations: due to the centrally planned nature of its 1945–1991 immigration flows, we can exclude the possibility that migrants came with an intention to acquire host country citizenship. Using data from a 2007 survey of 624 former and current ‘non-citizens’, we find that the elderly, males, single, and those with poor knowledge of the State language are less willing to naturalise. Prospective emigrants are more likely to have naturalised recently in preparation for partaking in the wider EU labour market - a right that citizenship of EU member Latvia conveys. Instrumental variable analysis suggests that low level of education is an obstacle for acquiring citizenship, while higher unemployment rate and lower share of non-citizens at a respondent’s place of residence contributes to early naturalisations.JEL codesF22, J15, J61
Baudelaire and The Flowers of Evil
Authors: Oyebode Femi 
Published: January 2013

SummaryThis article examines Charles Baudelaire's life, works and his most important collection, The Flowers of Evil. Baudelaire is regarded as one of the most important 19th-century French poets. He revolutionised the content and subject matter of poetry and served as a model for later poets around the world. He continues to exert immense influence on writers. He contracted syphilis early in life, experienced episodes of depression, and had intense and complicated relationships with his mother and other women in his life.
Gamblers Anonymous: overlooked and underused?
Authors: George Sanju , Ijeoma Onuba , Bowden-Jones Henrietta 
Published: January 2013

SummaryGamblers Anonymous (GA) is perhaps the least used of the twelve-step approaches to dealing with addictions. This relative lack of visibility and use, at least in the UK, is reflected in healthcare professionals' lack of awareness and knowledge of gambling addiction and its treatment, including GA. In this article, we introduce the basic tenets of GA and discuss how these translate into treatment.
Practical assessment and management of risk in sexual offenders
Authors: Russell Katharine , Darjee Rajan 
Published: January 2013

SummaryThis article focuses on how to assess and manage risk in sexual offenders. It covers assessment issues, including interviews, taking a sexual history, assessing sexual deviance and assessing personality. The key step of case formulation is outlined and the development of risk management strategies, including monitoring, supervision and treatment, is described.
How to develop and assess the leadership skills of psychiatrists
Authors: Brown Nick , Brittlebank Andy 
Published: January 2013

SummaryThe General Medical Council suggests that leadership skills are a core requirement for all doctors. The NHS Institute for Innovation and Improvement goes further, stating that doctors have not only an intrinsic leadership role but also a responsibility to contribute to the effective running of healthcare organisations. The Medical Leadership Competency Framework (MLCF) outlines a structure with domains, elements and competency outcomes, all of which are clearly spelled out with examples and methods of learning for different stages of a medical career. The revised curriculum for postgraduate training in psychiatry contains many aspects of the MLCF, both complementing and supplementing its emphasis on the development of personal qualities and skills. This article highlights this approach and describes how the development of leadership and management skills fits with the current structures for training in psychiatry.
Are we leading, or being led?: Commentary on… How to Develop and Assess the Leadership Skills of Psychiatrists
Authors: Smith Michael J. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryThe case for better medical ‘leadership’ should be grounded in professional values and the need to deliver quality services for patients. But emerging ‘leadership language’ suggests that new ‘talent’ in management are in fact influenced by commercial imperatives. The profession needs to monitor such trends with care.
Sexual dysfunction: classification and assessment
Authors: Bhugra Dinesh , Colombini Gabriele 
Published: January 2013

SummarySexual dysfunction is one of the most common psychiatric disorders, but it is often ignored in assessment. It can be primary or secondary (a result of psychiatric disorder or medication). Success rates in managing sexual dysfunction are relatively high, with good response to psychological and medical interventions. In ICD-10 and DSM-IV-TR, sexual dysfunctions are broadly classified on the basis of the stages of sexual activity, from arousal to orgasm. There are major similarities between ICD and DSM in diagnosis and classification of sexual dysfunction, but both systems raise challenges. These include definitions of what is ‘normal’ and how abnormality is defined. In this article, we describe the role of the two systems and possible amendments that might help researchers and clinicians. We also present key principles for the assessment and treatment of people who experience sexual dysfunction. We consider problems that need to be managed in engaging and in the therapeutic alliance.
Genome-wide association studies in psychiatry: what have we learned?
Authors: Collins Ann L. , Sullivan Patrick F. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been the focus of considerable effort in psychiatry. These efforts have markedly increased knowledge of the genetic basis of psychiatric disorders, and yielded empirical data on genetic architecture critical to addressing long-standing debates in the field. There is a now a clear path to increased knowledge of the ‘parts lists’ for these disorders.
Problem gambling: what can psychiatrists do?
Authors: George Sanju , Bowden-Jones Henrietta , Orford Jim , Petry Nancy 
Published: January 2013

SummaryPsychiatrists rarely recognise or treat problem gambling, despite its high comorbidity among psychiatric patients. Early interventions, as in other psychiatric disorders, offer the potential for improving outcomes in problem gamblers. In this editorial, we make the case for why psychiatrists should do more to help problem gamblers, and discuss in detail how they can offer screening and brief psychological interventions.
Impact of an integrated rapid response psychiatric liaison team on quality improvement and cost savings: the Birmingham RAID model
Authors: Tadros George , Salama Rafik A. , Kingston Paul , Mustafa Nageen , Johnson Eliza , Pannell Rachel , Hashmi Mahnaz 
Published: January 2013

Aims and methodTo evaluate whether the implementation of the Rapid Assessment, Interface and Discharge (RAID) integrated model improves access to psychiatric assessment and reduces cost of health service provision in an acute hospital. Length of hospital stay was calculated using a case-by-case matched control design. Readmission rates were calculated and survival analysis was used to measure endurance in the community following discharge.ResultsIn an acute hospital with 600 beds, the total savings in bed days through reducing length of stay and readmissions was 43–64 beds per day. The elderly care wards provided the majority of bed savings.Clinical implicationsThe development of a rapid response, age-inclusive, comprehensive psychiatric team integrated in an acute hospital can lead to significant savings in health service provision.