bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Coffee Roasting Degree by Using Electronic Nose and Artificial Neural Network for Off‐line Quality Control
Authors: Romani Santina , Cevoli Chiara , Fabbri Angelo , Alessandrini Laura , Dalla Rosa Marco 
Published: August 2012

Abstract:  An electronic nose (EN) based on an array of 10 metal oxide semiconductor sensors was used, jointly with an artificial neural network (ANN), to predict coffee roasting degree. The flavor release evolution and the main physicochemical modifications (weight loss, density, moisture content, and surface color: L*, a*), during the roasting process of coffee, were monitored at different cooking times (0, 6, 8, 10, 14, 19 min). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to reduce the dimensionality of sensors data set (600 values per sensor). The selected PCs were used as ANN input variables. Two types of ANN methods (multilayer perceptron [MLP] and general regression neural network [GRNN]) were used in order to estimate the EN signals. For both neural networks the input values were represented by scores of sensors data set PCs, while the output values were the quality parameter at different roasting times. Both the ANNs were able to well predict coffee roasting degree, giving good prediction results for both roasting time and coffee quality parameters. In particular, GRNN showed the highest prediction reliability.Practical Application:  Actually the evaluation of coffee roasting degree is mainly a manned operation, substantially based on the empirical final color observation. For this reason it requires well‐trained operators with a long professional skill. The coupling of e‐nose and artificial neural networks (ANNs) may represent an effective possibility to roasting process automation and to set up a more reproducible procedure for final coffee bean quality characterization.
Trout Skin Gelatin‐Based Edible Film Development
Authors: Kim Dayeon , Min Sea C. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract:  Edible biopolymer films were developed from gelatin extracted from trout skin (TSG) using thermal protein denaturation conditions and plasticizer (glycerol) concentration as variables. The amino acid composition of the TSG, elastic modulus, viscous modulus, and the viscosity of film‐forming solutions, and tensile properties, water vapor permeability, solubility in water, and color of TSG‐based films were determined. A 6.8% (w/w, wet basis) trout skin‐extracted gelatin solution containing 9, 17, or 23% (w/w, dry basis) glycerol was heated at 80, 90, or 100 °C for 30, 45, or 60 min to prepare a film‐forming solution. TSG can be characterized as a gelatin containing high contents of methionine and aspartic acid. The gelation temperature of the film‐forming solution was 7 °C and the solution was subjected to heating to form a stable matrix for a film. Increased heating time of the film‐forming solution reduced the film solubility (P < 0.05). Heating at 90 °C for 30 min was suggested as the requirement for film formation. As the concentration of glycerol in the film increased, film strength and moisture barrier properties decreased, while film stretchability increased (P < 0.05). Trout skin by‐products can be used as a natural protein source for fabricating biopolymer films stable at ambient conditions with certain physical and moisture barrier properties by controlling thermal treatment conditions and glycerol concentrations.Practical Application:  The fishing industry produces a significant amount of waste, including fish skin, due to fish processing. Trout skin waste has potential value as a protein source that can be used to form biopolymer edible films for packaging low and intermediate water activity food products, and thus may have practical applications in the food industry, which could be one way to cut waste disposal in the trout processing industry.
I. The Body in Psychoanalysis
Authors: Carignani Paolo 
Published: August 2012

This article is part of the series, The Body and Psychoanalysis: The Work and Influence of A. B. Ferrari, which include the following articles:II. A Brief Introduction to the thought of Armando B. FerrariRichard CarvalhoArticle first published online: 7 SEP 2012 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐0118.2012.01300.xAndIII. Anorexia and Bulimia: Two Aspects of AdolescenceFausta RomanoArticle first published online: 7 SEP 2012 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐0118.2012.01301.x
Multiple endotracheal and endobronchial metastases after pneumonectomy for a primary lung cancer: A case report
Authors: Youn Hyo Chul , Kim Yee Hyung , Lee Young Kyung , Kim Gou Young 
Published: August 2012

AbstractEndotracheal metastasis of primary lung cancer is extremely rare. We report the case of a 51‐year‐old male patient who had undergone right pneumonectomy for squamous cell carcinoma one year earlier. The post‐operative chest computed tomography (CT) image revealed a very small endotracheal nodule with contrast enhancement. This finding was erroneously regarded as endotracheal phlegm because of the nodular size and the rarity of endotracheal metastases from primary lung cancer. This case indicates that a thorough evaluation should be performed with a high level of suspicion for malignancy when a nodule‐like lesion with contrast enhancement or tracheal thickening is detected on follow‐up CT scan, in patients who undergo surgery for lung cancer.
Activation of mouse bronchopulmonary C‐fibres by serotonin and allergen‐ovalbumin challenge
Authors: Potenzieri Carl , Meeker Sonya , Undem Bradley J. 
Published: August 2012

Key points
Mast cell‐derived serotonin is a principal mediator of allergic reactions in rodents. Serotonin can also be released from platelets during various pathological conditions.
Vagal C‐fibres innervating the respiratory tract can be subdivided into nodose (placodal) C‐fibres or jugular (neural crest) C‐fibres). Activation of vagal placodal and/or neural crest vagal C‐fibres probably contributes to the dyspnoea, cough and reflex parasympathetic drive commonly associated with serotonin.
Serotonin used different receptor subtypes to evoke strong action potential discharge in placodal (5‐HT3 receptors) versus neural crest (non‐5‐HT3 receptors)‐derived vagal C‐fibres in the mouse lung.
Mast cell derived serotonin may activate neural crest C‐fibres, but did not stimulate placodal C‐fibres.
The effect of extracellular serotonin on vagal afferent activation therefore depends on its cellular source and the C‐fibre phenotype.
Abstract  The effect of serotonin on capsaicin‐sensitive vagal C‐fibre afferent nerves was evaluated in an ex vivo vagally innervated mouse lung preparation. Action potentials arising from receptive fields in the lungs were recorded with an extracellular electrode positioned in the nodose/jugular ganglion. Among the 62 capsaicin‐sensitive C‐fibres studied (conduction velocity ∼0.5 m s−1), 71% were of the nodose phenotype and 29% of the jugular phenotype. The nodose C‐fibres responded strongly to serotonin and this effect was blocked with the 5‐HT3‐receptor antagonist ondansetron. Using single cell RT‐PCR, we noted that the vast majority of nodose neurons retrogradely labelled from the lung, expressed 5‐HT3 receptor mRNA. The jugular C‐fibres also responded strongly to serotonin with action potential discharge, but this effect was not inhibited by ondansetron. Lung‐specific jugular neurons did not express 5‐HT3 receptor mRNA but frequently expressed 5‐HT1 or 5‐HT4 receptor mRNA. Mast cells are the major source of serotonin in healthy murine airways. Ovalbumin‐induced mast cell activation in actively sensitized lungs caused action potential discharge in jugular but not nodose C‐fibres. The data show that vagal C‐fibres in the respiratory tract of the mouse are strongly activated by serotonin. Depending on the C‐fibre subtype both 5‐HT3 and non‐5‐HT3 mechanisms are involved.
Different Genetic Supports for the
tet
(S) Gene in Enterococci
Authors: Novais Carla , Freitas Ana R. , Silveira Eduarda , Baquero Fernando , Peixe Luísa , Roberts Adam P. , Coque Teresa M. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT

The diversity of
tet
(S) genetic contexts of 13 enterococci from human, animal, and environmental samples from different geographical areas is reported. The
tet
(S) gene was linked to either CTn
6000
variants of chromosomal location or composite platforms flanked by IS
1216
located on plasmids (∼40 to 115 kb). The comparative analysis of all
tet
(S) genetic elements available in the GenBank databases suggests that CTn
6000
might be the origin of a variety of
tet
(S)-carrying platforms that were mobilized to different plasmids.
High Rate of
qacA
- and
qacB
-Positive Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Chlorhexidine-Impregnated Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections
Authors: Ho Cheng-Mao , Li Chi-Yuan , Ho Mao-Wang , Lin Chien-Yu , Liu Shu-Hui , Lu Jang-Jih 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT

Chlorhexidine has been widely used for infection control. Although the use of chlorhexidine-impregnated catheters has reduced catheter-related infections, chlorhexidine-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
has emerged. The correlation between the existence of the chlorhexidine-resistant genes
qacA
and
qacB
(
qacA/B
) in methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) isolates and the effectiveness of chlorhexidine-impregnated catheters in the prevention of MRSA infections is unknown. Sixty methicillin-sensitive
Staphylococcus aureus
(MSSA) and 96 MRSA isolates from the blood cultures of different patients were collected, and a case-control study was conducted to determine whether more clinical
S. aureus
isolates from chlorhexidine-impregnated catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) have the biocide-resistant genes (
qacA/B
or
smr
) than those from other infections. The chlorhexidine MIC
50
s of MSSA and MRSA isolates were 1 μg/ml and 2 μg/ml, respectively. Results of PCR analyses showed that 3.3% (
n
= 2) of MSSA and 43.8% (
n
= 42) of MRSA isolates harbored
qacA/B
and 5% (
n
= 3) of MSSA and 25% (
n
= 24) of MRSA isolates contained
smr
. With multivariate logistic regression analyses, the significant risk factors for definite CRBSI with chlorhexidine-impregnated catheters were determined to be
S. aureus
isolates with
qacA/B
and a chlorhexidine MIC of ≥2 μg/ml (odds ratios [OR], 9.264 and 8.137, respectively, in all 156
S. aureus
isolates and 6.097 and 4.373, respectively, in the 96 MRSA isolates). Further prospective studies are needed to investigate the transmission of these biocide-resistant genes.
In Vivo
Selection of Rifamycin-Resistant Clostridium difficile during Rifaximin Therapy
Authors: Carman Robert J. , Boone James H. , Grover Harish , Wickham Kimberly N. , Chen Li 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT

We report the selection of
Clostridium difficile
resistant to the rifamycin class of antibiotics in a patient within 32 h of receiving rifaximin for the treatment of recurrent
C. difficile
diarrhea. Resistance was associated with single nucleotide substitutions within
rpoB
.
2-[4,5-Difluoro-2-(2-Fluorobenzoylamino)-Benzoylamino]Benzoic Acid, an Antiviral Compound with Activity against Acyclovir-Resistant Isolates of Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2
Authors: Strand Mårten , Islam Koushikul , Edlund Karin , Öberg Christopher T. , Allard Annika , Bergström Tomas , Mei Ya-Fang , Elofsson Mikael , Wadell Göran 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT
Herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) are responsible for lifelong latent infections in humans, with periods of viral reactivation associated with recurring ulcerations in the orofacial and genital tracts. In immunosuppressed patients and neonates, HSV infections are associated with severe morbidity and, in some cases, even mortality. Today, acyclovir is the standard therapy for the management of HSV infections. However, the need for novel antiviral agents is apparent, since HSV isolates resistant to acyclovir therapy are frequently isolated in immunosuppressed patients. In this study, we assessed the anti-HSV activity of the antiadenoviral compounds 2-[2-(2-benzoylamino)-benzoylamino]benzoic acid (benzavir-1) and 2-[4,5-difluoro-2-(2-fluorobenzoylamino)-benzoylamino]benzoic acid (benzavir-2) on HSV-1 and HSV-2. Both compounds were active against both viruses. Importantly, benzavir-2 had potency similar to that of acyclovir against both HSV types, and it was active against clinical acyclovir-resistant HSV isolates.
Practical Management of Boceprevir and Immunosuppressive Therapy in Liver Transplant Recipients with Hepatitis C Virus Recurrence
Authors: Coilly Audrey , Furlan Valérie , Roche Bruno , Barau Caroline , Noël Coralie , Bonhomme-Faivre Laurence , Antonini Teresa Maria , Roque-Afonso Anne-Marie , Samuel Didier , Taburet Anne-Marie , Duclos-Vallée Jean-Charles 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) recurrence is the most important complication in HCV liver transplant patients. Boceprevir with pegylated interferon and ribavirin (PegIFN/RBV) enabled improvement in sustained virological response rates of patients with genotype 1 HCV. Boceprevir interacts with immunosuppressive therapy (IT) by inhibiting the cytochrome P450 3A enzyme. Our aim was to study interactions and assess the safety of boceprevir in the context of HCV recurrence. Boceprevir (800 mg three times a day) initiated after a 4-week lead-in phase was associated with cyclosporine (three patients), tacrolimus (two patients), and everolimus (one patient) in five liver transplant patients with genotype 1 HCV infection who experienced HCV recurrence. The mean follow-up period after HCV therapy was 14.8 ± 3.1 weeks. Estimated oral clearances of IT decreased on average by 50%, requiring reduced dosing regimens. Anemia occurred in all patients, with a mean fall in hemoglobin levels between baseline and week 12 of 3.12 ± 2.27 g/dl. All patients required administration of β-erythropoietin (
n
= 5), three needed ribavirin dose reduction, and one needed a blood transfusion. A virological response was observed in all patients (mean HCV viral load [HVL] decrease at week 12, 6.64 ± 0.35 log
10
IU/ml). These preliminary results in liver transplant patients with HCV recurrence demonstrate the feasibility and safety of coadministration of boceprevir and IT.
Mutagenesis of Zinc Ligand Residue Cys221 Reveals Plasticity in the IMP-1 Metallo-β-Lactamase Active Site
Authors: Horton Lori B. , Shanker Sreejesh , Mikulski Rose , Brown Nicholas G. , Phillips Kevin J. , Lykissa Ernest , Venkataram Prasad B. V. , Palzkill Timothy 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT

Metallo-β-lactamases catalyze the hydrolysis of a broad range of β-lactam antibiotics and are a concern for the spread of drug resistance. To analyze the determinants of enzyme structure and function, the sequence requirements for the subclass B1 IMP-1 β-lactamase zinc binding residue Cys221 were tested by saturation mutagenesis and evaluated for protein expression, as well as hydrolysis of β-lactam substrates. The results indicated that most substitutions at position 221 destabilized the enzyme. Only the enzymes containing C221D and C221G substitutions were expressed well in
Escherichia coli
and exhibited catalytic activity toward β-lactam antibiotics. Despite the lack of a metal-chelating group at position 221, the C221G enzyme exhibited high levels of catalytic activity in the presence of exogenous zinc. Molecular modeling suggests the glycine substitution is unique among substitutions in that the complete removal of the cysteine side chain allows space for a water molecule to replace the thiol and coordinate zinc at the Zn2 zinc binding site to restore function. Multiple methods were used to estimate the C221G Zn2 binding constant to be 17 to 43 μM. Studies of enzyme function
in vivo
in
E. coli
grown on minimal medium showed that both IMP-1 and the C221G mutant exhibited compromised activity when zinc availability was low. Finally, substitutions at residue 121, which is the IMP-1 equivalent of the subclass B3 zinc-chelating position, failed to rescue C221G function, suggesting the coordination schemes of subclasses B1 and B3 are not interchangeable.
The northernmost occurrence of Prognathodon (Squamata: Mosasauridae) from the Western Interior Seaway of North America
Authors: Konishi Takuya 
Published: August 2012

The marine reptile Prognathodon (Squamata: Mosasauridae), a mosasaurine mosasaur exhibiting a characteristically robust skull and dentition, lived during the last two ages of the Late Cretaceous. Fossilized remains of animals assigned to this genus are so far known from North America, Europe, Africa, and New Zealand, indicating their wide geographic ranges and presumed ecological and evolutionary success. Assignable to Prognathodon, a newly discovered partial marginal tooth from Dorothy, Alberta, Canada (51°15′48″N), extends the geographic range of the genus by 190 km northward in the Northern Hemisphere. Coupled with the New Zealand record of this mosasaur, the new discovery indicates that Prognathodon likely ranged anywhere from 60°N to 60°S paleolatitude, and these reptiles may even have been occasional inhabitants of the polar regions.
Habitual aerobic exercise increases plasma pentraxin 3 levels in middle-aged and elderly women
Authors: Miyaki Asako , Maeda Seiji , Choi Youngju , Akazawa Nobuhiko , Tanabe Yoko , Ajisaka Ryuichi 
Published: August 2012

Chronic inflammation that occurs with aging is one of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Regular exercise may prevent cardiovascular morbidity by decreasing chronic systematic inflammation. Additionally, excess inflammation can be reduced by the anti-inflammatory protein pentraxin 3 (PTX3). Thus, both habitual exercise and PTX3 have an anti-inflammatory effect. However, it is unclear whether regular exercise leads to increased plasma PTX3 concentration. In the present study, we investigated the effects of regular aerobic exercise on plasma PTX3 concentration in middle-aged and elderly women. Twenty-two postmenopausal women (60 ± 6 years) were randomly divided evenly into 2 groups (i.e., exercise intervention and control). Subjects in the exercise group completed 2 months of regular aerobic exercise training (walking and cycling, 30–45 min, 3–5 days·week–1). Before and after the intervention, we evaluated plasma PTX3 concentration, peak oxygen uptake, blood chemistry, and arterial distensibility (carotid arterial compliance and β-stiffness) in all participants. There were no significant differences in baseline parameters between the 2 groups. Plasma PTX3 concentration was significantly increased in the exercise group after the intervention (p < 0.05). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, peak oxygen uptake, and arterial compliance were also significantly increased (p < 0.05), while β-stiffness was markedly decreased (p < 0.01) after the intervention. On the other hand, there was no change in the parameters tested in the control group. This study demonstrates that regular aerobic exercise increases plasma PTX3 concentration with improvement of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, peak oxygen uptake, and arterial distensibility in postmenopausal women.
Total and femoral neck bone mineral density and physical activity in a sample of men and women
Authors: Camhi Sarah M. , Katzmarzyk Peter T. 
Published: August 2012

Physical activity (PA), total body fat (TBF), and lean body mass (LBM) are associated with bone mineral density (BMD). However, the independent influence of PA on BMD, while controlling for body composition is not understood as well and is the purpose of the current study. Whole-body BMD (g·cm–2), femoral neck BMD (g·cm–2), TBF (kg), and LBM (kg) were measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. PA levels (total, work, sport, non-sport) were estimated using the Baecke questionnaire. General linear models determined the independent effects of PA on BMD (whole-body and femoral neck), with adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, smoking, menopausal status (as appropriate), LBM, and TBF. These associations were also examined by sex and age group (20–34, 35–49, and 50–64 years). The sample included 802 adults (65% women; 13% African American) from the Pennington Center Longitudinal Study that were 20 to 64 years of age (mean ± SD: 46.9 ± 11.0 years). Higher sports scores were associated with higher femoral neck BMD in the total group, men and women, and in 20- to 34-year-olds and 35- to 49-year-olds, but not significant in those 50–64 years of age. Similar significant associations were found for sports score with total body BMD; however, this relationship was not significant for women or for those 50–64 years of age. Total PA had inconsistent relationships with both femoral neck BMD and total body BMD. Higher levels of sport-related PA are associated with higher femoral neck BMD; however, these relationships vary by PA domain and site of BMD measurement.
Are H-reflex and M-wave recruitment curve parameters related to aerobic capacity?
Authors: Piscione Julien , Grosset Jean-François , Gamet Didier , Pérot Chantal 
Published: August 2012

Soleus Hoffmann reflex (H-reflex) amplitude is affected by a training period and type and level of training are also well known to modify aerobic capacities. Previously, paired changes in H-reflex and aerobic capacity have been evidenced after endurance training. The aim of this study was to investigate possible links between H- and M-recruitment curve parameters and aerobic capacity collected on a cohort of subjects (56 young men) that were not involved in regular physical training. Maximal H-reflex normalized with respect to maximal M-wave (Hmax/Mmax) was measured as well as other parameters of the H- or M-recruitment curves that provide information about the reflex or direct excitability of the motoneuron pool, such as thresholds of stimulus intensity to obtain H or M response (Hth and Mth), the ascending slope of H-reflex, or M-wave recruitment curves (Hslp and Mslp) and their ratio (Hslp/Mslp). Aerobic capacity, i.e., maximal oxygen consumption and maximal aerobic power (MAP) were, respectively, estimated from a running field test and from an incremental test on a cycle ergometer. Maximal oxygen consumption was only correlated with Mslp, an indicator of muscle fiber heterogeneity (p < 0.05), whereas MAP was not correlated with any of the tested parameters (p > 0.05). Although higher H-reflex are often described for subjects with a high aerobic capacity because of endurance training, at a basic level (i.e., without training period context) no correlation was observed between maximal H-reflex and aerobic capacity. Thus, none of the H-reflex or M-wave recruitment curve parameters, except Mslp, was related to the aerobic capacity of young, untrained male subjects.