bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Syntheses, Structural Characterization, and Properties of Mixed‐valent CoIICoIII and ZnII Coordination Polymers from 5‐(4‐Carboxybenzylamino)isophthalic Acid
Authors: Kuai Hai‐Wei , Cheng Xiao‐Chun , Feng Liang‐Dong , Zhu Xiao‐Hong 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe reaction of cobalt(II) and zinc(II) salts with 5‐(4‐carboxybenzylamino)isophthalic acid (H3L) in the presence of 1,2‐bis(pyridin‐4‐yl)ethane (bpa) as auxiliary co‐ligand under hydrothermal synthetic condition led to the formation of two complexes, {[(CoII)0.25(CoIII)0.5(HL)(H2O)0.5(bpa)0.25]·2.5H2O}n (1) and [Zn(HL)(bpa)0.5]n (2), which were characterized by single crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy as well as elemental and thermogravimetric analyses. Complex 1 displays uninodal 4‐connected 2D sql network with (44.62) topology, complex 2 is binodal (3, 6)‐connected 2D (4.62)2(42.610.83) network. Interestingly, complex 1 shows structural features consistent with the Jahn‐Teller distortions, whereas in 2 adjacent 2D networks are interpenetrated to show 2D + 2D → 3D parallel interpenetration of slabs. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that the oxidation of CoII to CoIII occurred in the preparation of 1 to give rise to a mixed‐valent cobalt coordination polymer, which can be confirmed by magnetic measurement. Magnetic property of 1 and luminescence of 2 were investigated.
Observations of evidence-based medicine in general practice
Authors: Zwolsman Sandra E. , Van Dijk Nynke , De Waard Margreet Wieringa 
Published: September 2013

No objective measures are available for assessing the practice of evidence-based
medicine (EBM) in general practitioner (GP) trainees, as there is no description of the
EBM behaviour that is expected from trainees. As a first step to do so, we aimed to
identify which expressions of EBM (defined as the integration of evidence, clinical
experience and patient situation) can be observed in daily GP practice. Secondly, we
aimed to identify which considerations GPs had regarding EBM but did not share with the
patient during consultations. We performed a qualitative study, in which GPs were
observed during and interviewed after clinical consultations, with a focus on
expressions and considerations related to EBM during clinical decision-making. We
observed 147 consultations by 34 GPs (17 trainers and 17 trainees). EBM behaviour was
rarely visible in GPs’ decision-making. When interviewing the GPs, we found that aspects
of EBM that played a role in decision-making were not discussed with the patient.
Explicit consideration of all aspects of EBM would make EBM measurable and GPs more
aware of the foundations of their decisions. EBM behaviour is difficult to observe
during GP consultations and therefore cannot be assessed through observations
alone.
RETRACTED: Titrated oral misoprostol solution versus vaginal misoprostol for labor induction
Authors: Souza Alex S.R. , Feitosa Francisco E.L. , Costa Aurélio A.R. , Pereira Ana P.R. , Carvalho Andreza S. , Paixão Renata M. , Katz Leila , Amorim Melania M.R. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the efficacy and safety of a titrated oral misoprostol solution compared with vaginal misoprostol tablets for labor induction.MethodsA randomized, triple‐blind, multicenter clinical trial was conducted between March 2010 and June 2011. Women with a single gestation (n = 200) were randomized to receive a titrated oral misoprostol solution (initial misoprostol dose 20 μg/hour; dose increased by 20 μg/hour every 6 hours up to 80 μg/hour for a maximum of 48 doses) or vaginal misoprostol tablets (25 μg of misoprostol every 6 hours for a maximum of 8 doses). Risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for maternal and perinatal outcomes.ResultsThe frequencies of vaginal delivery not achieved within 12 hours (RR 0.87; 95% CI, 0.62–1.22) and within 24 hours (RR 1.11; 95% CI, 0.83–1.49) were similar in the 2 groups. No differences were found in terms of uterine hyperstimulation, unfavorable cervix at 12 and 24 hours, oxytocin augmentation, tachysystole, epidural analgesia, adverse effects, and perinatal outcome. Approximately 70% of the women preferred the oral solution.ConclusionA titrated oral misoprostol solution was as effective and safe for labor induction as vaginal misoprostol tablets.ClinicalTrial.gov: NCT00 992524
The conventional management of male infertility
Authors: Nieschlag Eberhard , Lenzi Andrea 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAlthough the male reproductive function is impaired in about half of infertile couples, the evaluation of male infertility is underrated or neglected even today. In addition to a physical examination and imaging techniques, semen analysis as well as endocrine and genetic analyses should be part of the routine investigation. Few disorders have become subjects of rational treatment of the infertile male, even though, as examples, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is treatable by gonadotropins and obstructive azoospermia by reconstructive surgery. Early treatment of maldescended testes and sexually transmitted diseases can prevent infertility. Similar pregnancy rates from patients with varicocele following surgery or counseling demonstrate the important role of the physician in the treatment of infertility. In the age of evidence‐based medicine, most empirical treatments have been demonstrated to be ineffective. Instead, symptomatic treatment by assisted reproductive techniques has become a central tool to overcome otherwise untreatable male infertility.
Orangism, Patriotism, and Slavery in Curaçao, 1795–1796
Authors: Fatah-Black Karwan 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe defeat of the Dutch armies by the French and the founding of the Batavian Republic in 1795 created confusion in the colonies and on overseas naval vessels about who was in power. The Stadtholder fled to England and ordered troops and colonial governments to surrender to the British, while the Batavian government demanded that they abjure the oath to the Stadtholder. The ensuing confusion gave those on board Dutch naval vessels overseas, and in its colonies, an opportunity to be actively involved in deciding which side they wished to be on. This article adds the mutinies on board theCeresandMedeato the interplay between the Curaçao slave revolt of 1795 and the rise of the Curaçaoan Patriot movement in 1796. The mariners independently partook in the battle for the political direction of the island and debated which side they wished to be on in the fight between the French Revolution and the British Empire.
Mutiny and Maritime Radicalism in the Age of Revolution: An Introduction
Authors: Frykman Niklas , Anderson Clare , Heerma van Voss Lex , Rediker Marcus 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe essays collected in this volume demonstrate that during the age of revolution (1760s–1840s) most sectors of the maritime industries experienced higher levels of unrest than is usually recognized. Ranging across global contexts including the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans as well as the Caribbean, Andaman, and South China Seas, and exploring the actions of sailors, laborers, convicts, and slaves, this collection offers a fresh, sea-centered way of seeing the confluence between space, agency, and political economy during this crucial period. In this introduction we contend that the radicalism of the age of revolution can best be viewed as a geographically connected process, and that the maritime world was central to its multiple eruptions and global character. Mutiny therefore can be seen as part of something bigger and broader: what we have chosen to call maritime radicalism, a term as well as a concept that has had virtually no presence in the literature on the revolutionary era until now.
All-carbon sp-sp2 hybrid structures: Geometrical properties, current rectification and current amplification
Authors: Zhang Zhenhua , Zhang Junjun , Kwong Gordon , Li Ji , Fan Zhiqiang , Deng Xiaoqing , Tang Guiping 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAll-carbon sp-sp2 hybrid structures comprised of a zigzag-edged trigonal graphene (ZTG)and carbon chains are proposed and constructed as nanojunctions. It has been found that such simple hybrid structures possess very intriguing propertiesapp:addword:intriguing. The high-performance rectifying behaviors similar to macroscopic p-n junction diodes, such as a nearly linear positive-bias I-V curve (metallic behavior), a very small leakage current under negative bias (insulating behavior), a rather low threshold voltage and a large bias region contributed to a rectification, can be predicted. And also, a transistor can be built by such a hybrid structure, which can show an extremely high current amplification. This is because a sp-hybrid carbon chain has a special electronic structure which can limit the electronic resonant tunneling of the ZTG to a unique and favorable situation. These results suggest that these hybrid structures might promise importantly potential applications for developing nano-scale integrated circuits.
DNA methylation in interleukin-11 predicts clinical response to antidepressants in GENDEP
Authors: Powell T R , Smith R G , Hackinger S , Schalkwyk L C , Uher R , McGuffin P , Mill J , Tansey K E 
Published: September 2013

AbstractTranscriptional differences in interleukin-11 (IL11) after antidepressant treatment have been found to correspond to clinical response in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients. Expression differences were partly mediated by a single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs1126757), identified as a predictor of antidepressant response as part of a genome-wide association study. Here we attempt to identify whether DNA methylation, another baseline factor known to affect transcription factor binding, might also predict antidepressant response, using samples collected from the Genome-based Therapeutic Drugs for Depression project (GENDEP). DNA samples from 113 MDD individuals from the GENDEP project, who were treated with either escitalopram (n=80) or nortriptyline (n=33) for 12 weeks, were randomly selected. Percentage change in Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale scores between baseline and week 12 were utilized as our measure of antidepressant response. The Sequenom EpiTYPER platform was used to assess DNA methylation across the only CpG island located in the IL11 gene. Regression analyses were then used to explore the relationship between CpG unit methylation and antidepressant response. We identified a CpG unit predictor of general antidepressant response, a drug by CpG unit interaction predictor of response, and a CpG unit by rs1126757 interaction predictor of antidepressant response. The current study is the first to investigate the potential utility of pharmaco-epigenetic biomarkers for the prediction of antidepressant response. Our results suggest that DNA methylation in IL11 might be useful in identifying those patients likely to respond to antidepressants, and if so, the best drug suited to each individual.
John Bulwer (1606–1656) and Some British and French Contemporaries
Authors: Wollock Jeffrey 
Published: September 2013

SummaryJohn Bulwer’s (1606–1656) work was unknown in 17th–18th century France. In 1827, when Joseph-Marie Degérando (1772–1842) became curious about the relation between the methods respectively of Bulwer and John Wallis (1616–1703), the pioneer oral instructor of the deaf in Britain, he had to query Charles Orpen, M. D. (1791–1856) in Dublin because no copy of Bulwer’sPhilocophus(1648) could be found in Paris. In fact, Theodore Haak (1605–1690) had sent a copy of this book from London to Père Marin Mersenne (1588–1648) in Paris in July 1648, but none of Mersenne’s circle could read English, and Mersenne died several weeks later. In that context, this paper presents a comparison of Bulwer’s views with those of the Cartesians and Port-Royalists. Wallis claimed he knew of no work on speech for the deaf prior to his own, but he must have known about thePhilocophusfrom the time of its publication, five years before hisDe Loquela(1653) and nearly 14 years before he began teaching the deaf.
Otto Jespersen and “The Woman”, then and now
Authors: Thomas Margaret 
Published: September 2013

Summary
Danish linguist Otto Jespersen’s (1860–1943) Language, its Nature, Development, and Origin was published more than 90 years ago, in 1922. This article focuses on Jespersen’s often-cited Chapter 13, entitled “The Woman”, a text that has served since the 1970s as a touchstone for feminist narratives of the history of discussion of language and gender. The author of the present article shows that modern treatment of the chapter sometimes misconstrues Jespersen in casting him into the role of mouthpiece for ideas about women and language that contemporary scholars have discredited. She suggests instead that “The Woman” deserves a new reading, which neither apologizes for Jespersen’s views, nor diminishes his importance to the history of feminist linguistics, but rather recognizes the intricacies of this text and seeks to better understand its position in relation to present-day scholarship on language and gender.
Scepticism
Authors: Matilal Bimal Krishna 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Uncompromising empiricism leads to scepticism. One can stop short of the sceptical route by making some sort of a compromise. But compromises need not always be degrading or scandalous. The question arises, on the other hand, whether scepticism itself is a coherent position. Would not the sceptic himself run into some dilemma of his own? It may be claimed that even the ‘uncompromising’ sceptic eventually makes a compromise of a sort. This chapter pursues the question here, after presenting the arguments of the Indian sceptics, those who reject altogether the pramana doctrine along with its emphasis upon the empirical foundation of knowledge, while tentatively accepting the empiricist stance of their opponents. The last part of this chapter considers whether radical scepticism really is feasible.
Perception as Inference
Authors: Matilal Bimal Krishna 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The first section of this chapter describes seeing and inferring. One perceives and misperceives them as well. This fact of misperception is used as an argument in favour of the inferentiality of perception. The second section examines the Vaíṣsika atomism. The third section explores the whole–part controversy. The fourth section reconstructs the Nyāya argument against representationalism. The fifth section explores the Nyāya argument against sense-datum. The last section discusses memory and hallucination.
Antisense transcripts enhanced by camptothecin at divergent CpG-island promoters associated with bursts of topoisomerase I-DNA cleavage complex and R-loop formation
Authors: Marinello Jessica , Chillemi Giovanni , Bueno Susana , Manzo Stefano G. , Capranico Giovanni 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
DNA Topoisomerase I (Top1) is required to relax DNA supercoils generated by RNA polymerases (RNAPs). Top1 is inhibited with high specificity by camptothecin (CPT), an effective anticancer agent, and by oxidative base damage and ribonucleotides in DNA strands, resulting into Top1-DNA cleavage complexes (Top1ccs). To understand how Top1ccs affect genome stability, we have investigated the global transcriptional response to CPT-induced Top1ccs. Top1ccs trigger an accumulation of antisense RNAPII transcripts specifically at active divergent CpG-island promoters in a replication-independent and Top1-dependent manner. As CPT increases antisense transcript levels in the presence of 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole, a transcription inhibitor, Top1ccs likely impair antisense RNA degradation. Time-course data showed a burst of Top1ccs increased by CPT at promoter sites and along transcribed regions, causing a transient block of RNAPII at the promoter. Moreover, cell immunofluorescence analyses showed that Top1ccs induce a transient increase of R-loops specifically at highly transcribed regions such as nucleoli in a Top1-dependent manner. Thus, a specific and highly dynamic transcriptional response to Top1ccs occurs at divergent active CpG-island promoters, which may include a transient stabilization of R-loops. The results clarify molecular features of a response pathway leading to transcription-dependent genome instability and altered transcription regulation.
Bioinformatic analysis reveals an evolutional selection for DNA:RNA hybrid G-quadruplex structures as putative transcription regulatory elements in warm-blooded animals
Authors: Xiao Shan , Zhang Jia-yu , Zheng Ke-wei , Hao Yu-hua , Tan Zheng 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Recently, we reported the co-transcriptional formation of DNA:RNA hybrid G-quadruplex (HQ) structure by the non-template DNA strand and nascent RNA transcript, which in turn modulates transcription under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Here we present bioinformatic analysis on putative HQ-forming sequences (PHQS) in the genomes of eukaryotic organisms. Starting from amphibian, PHQS motifs are concentrated in the immediate 1000-nt region downstream of transcription start sites, implying their potential role in transcription regulation. Moreover, their occurrence shows a strong bias toward the non-template versus the template strand. PHQS has become constitutional in genes in warm-blooded animals, and the magnitude of the strand bias correlates with the ability of PHQS to form HQ, suggesting a selection based on HQ formation. This strand bias is reversed in lower species, implying that the selection of PHQS/HQ depended on the living temperature of the organisms. In comparison with the putative intramolecular G-quadruplex-forming sequences (PQS), PHQS motifs are far more prevalent and abundant in the transcribed regions, making them the dominant candidates in the formation of G-quadruplexes in transcription. Collectively, these results suggest that the HQ structures are evolutionally selected to function in transcription and other transcription-mediated processes that involve guanine-rich non-template strand.
Targeted synthesis of electroactive porous organic frameworks containing triphenyl phosphine moieties
Authors: Pei Cuiying , Ben Teng , Guo Han , Xu Jun , Deng Feng , Xiang Zhonghua , Cao Dapeng , Qiu Shilun 
Published: September 2013

A novel electroactive porous aromatic framework (JUC-Z4-Cl) was designed and synthesized via Yamamoto-type Ullmann cross-coupling reaction with the monomer tris(4-chlorophenyl)phosphine. By simple redox chemical reactions, stable, reductive, porous polytri(
p
-phenyl)phosphine (JUC-Z4) and polytri(
p
-phenyl)phosphine oxide (JUC-Z5) could be obtained as off-white powders. The structures of JUC-Z4 and JUC-Z5 were confirmed using magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, etc. The microporous architectures exhibit high stability (471°C for JUC-Z4 and 484°C for JUC-Z5) and large surface area (793 and 648 m
2
g
−1
for JUC-Z4 and JUC-Z5, respectively). JUC-Z4 also exhibits efficient recognition ability of greenhouse gases from dry air.
Social marketing transformed
Authors: Dibb Sally , Carrigan Marylyn 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of the editorial is to accompany this special issue on “Social marketing: social change”.

Design/methodology/approach
– The editorial presents three invited reflections by Philip Kotler, Michael Polonsky and Gerard Hastings. It also discusses the articles in this special issue.

Findings
– Overall, the contributed papers demonstrate that there are many layers to social marketing.

Originality/value
– The articles featured in this special issue help to advance social marketing theory as well as offer valuable implications and recommendations for managers, practitioners and policymakers.
Ethical evaluation of audience segmentation in social marketing
Authors: D. Newton Joshua , J. Newton Fiona , Turk Tahir , T. Ewing Michael 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– The ethicality of using audience segmentation in social marketing contexts has typically been framed within either a consequentialist or non-consequentialist perspective, leading to a hitherto intractable debate. This paper seeks to shed new light on this debate using two alternative ethical frameworks: the theory of just health care (TJHC) and integrative social contracts theory (ISCT).

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper uses cross-sectional survey data from a Kenyan social marketing campaign that aimed to increase awareness and support for the use of anti-retroviral therapy (ART), a class of drugs that inhibit the development of HIV.

Findings
– Application of the TJHC and ISCT to the Kenyan social marketing campaign revealed the use of audience segmentation to be ethically justified. Moreover, the TJHC provided a useful framework for guiding decisions about the selection of target audience(s) in health-related contexts.

Practical implications
– In situations where there are known asymmetries in exposure to mass media channels, adopting a non-segmented mass-media approach may unintentionally entrench pre-existing disparities in health knowledge.

Originality/value
– The application of the TJHC and ISCT to health-related social marketing contexts offers a means of resolving the longstanding debate about the ethicality of audience segmentation. The ethical principles underpinning the TJHC also provide a decision-making framework to guide discussions about whether audience segmentation should be based on cost-effectiveness (consequentialism) or need (non-consequentialism). This is particularly relevant in social marketing settings, where the resources available for conducting campaigns are often limited and segmentation decisions about the groups that are targeted or excluded can have important health-related implications.
Changing behaviour through business-nonprofit collaboration?
Authors: Vock Marlene , van Dolen Willemijn , Kolk Ans 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore consumers' responses to social alliances, a specific type of corporate social marketing in which companies cooperate with non-profit organizations. This paper extends previous studies that suggested that a social marketing effort may be a “double-edged sword” with regard to companies' marketing objectives.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study uses a 2 (social value orientation: prosocials/ proselfs) × 3 (company-cause fit: high/low fit/control group) between-subjects experimental design.

Findings
– The findings suggest that while prosocials reward companies for social marketing alliances with high fit, proselfs punish the company. This effect can be explained by differences in prosocials' and proselfs' perceptions of the company's corporate abilities, which are influenced by the level of fit.

Research limitations/implications
– Future research could give more attention to low-fit alliances, and whether specific fit dimensions play a role. It could also identify ways to overcome negative responses by proselfs in case of high fit.

Practical implications
– Companies should be cautious in selecting a social marketing alliance partner as high fit is received favourably by some consumers, but unfavourably by others. While high fit has other benefits for companies, increasing consumers' awareness of strong corporate abilities is important.

Originality/value
– Previous studies suggested that different consumer types and a link between the company and the cause may impact the effectiveness of social marketing initiatives. Unlike extant studies, this paper explores the combined and hence moderating influence of both factors, and adds perceived corporate abilities as a mediating factor.