bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low Temperature Growth of Horizontal ZnO Nanorods
Authors: Rivera Abdiel , Mazady Anas , Anwar Mehdi 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTWe report the growth of ZnO horizontal (NRs) on p-Si substrate at low temperature without any assisting mechanism. The NRs were grown at 90°C on a ZnO film previously deposited using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The horizontal nanowires have diameters in the range of 200 – 500nm and lengths between 1 – 7 µm, depending upon the duration of the growth and the ratio of the precursors. The density of the NRs was controlled by varying the concentration of zinc nitrate (Zn(NO3)2) while keeping hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) constant. Density of horizontal NRs increased with lower zinc nitrate concentration (from 11.35 to 3.29 mMol) for a growth duration of 18hrs. Increased zinc nitrate concentration of 3.29mMol resulted in an asymmetric growth along the vertical axis due to oxygen termination giving rise to slower growth rates.
Treatment of Irradiated Graphite to Meet Acceptance Criteria for Waste Disposal: Problem and Solutions
Authors: Ojovan Michael I. , Wickham Anthony J. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTAn overview is given of an International Atomic Energy Agency Coordinated Research Project (CRP) on the treatment of irradiated graphite (i-graphite) to meet acceptance criteria for waste disposal. Graphite is a unique radioactive waste stream, with some quarter-million metric tons worldwide eventually needing to be disposed of. The CRP has involved 24 organizations from 10 Member States. Innovative and conventional methods for i-graphite characterization, retrieval, treatment and conditioning technologies have been explored in the course of this work, and offer a range of options for competent authorities in individual Member States to deploy according to local requirements and regulatory conditions.
Deposition Behavior of Supersaturated Silicic Acid in the Condition of Relatively High Ca or Na Concentration
Authors: Chida Taiji , Niibori Yuichi , Shinmura Hayata , Mimura Hitoshi 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTAround the radioactive waste repository, the pH of the groundwater greatly changes from 8 to 13 and the groundwater contains a relatively large quantity of calcium (Ca) and sodium (Na) ions due to cementitious materials used for the construction of the geological disposal system. Under such conditions, the deposition behavior of silicic acid is one of the key factors for the migration assessment of radionuclides. The deposition and precipitation of silicic acid with the change of pH and coexisting ions may contribute to the clogging in flow paths, which is expected as the retardation effect of radionuclides. Thus, this study focused on the deposition behavior of silicic acid under the condition of relatively high Ca or Na concentration.In the experiments, Na2SiO3 solution (250 ml, 14 mM, pH>10, 298 K) was prepared in a polyethylene vessel containing amorphous silica powder (0.5 g) as the solid phase. Then, a buffer solution (to adjust to 8 in pH), HNO3, and Ca(NO3)2 as Ca ions or NaCl as Na ions were sequentially added. Such a silicic acid solution becomes supersaturated, gradually forming colloidal silicic-acid and/or the deposit on the solid surface. In this study, the both concentrations of soluble and colloidal silicic-acid were monitored over a 40-day period. As a result, the deposition rate of silicic acid decreased with up to 5 mM in Ca ions. Besides, Na ions with up to 0.1 M slightly increased the deposition rate. Under the conditions of [Na+]>0.1 M or [Ca2+]>5 mM, the supersaturated silicic acid immediately deposited. These suggest that Na or Ca ions strongly affect the deposition behavior of supersaturated silicic-acid, depending on the surface alteration of solid phase, the change of zeta potential and the decrease of water-activity due to the addition of electrolytes (coexisting ions).
Quantification Of Pyrrhotiye O2 Consumption By Using Pyrite Oxidation Kinetic Data
Authors: Rojo I. , Clarens F. , de Pablo J. , Domènech C , Duro L. , Grivé M. , Arcos D. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTExperiments on the dissolution kinetics of natural pyrrhotite (FeS1-x-) and pyrite (FeS2) under imposed redox conditions to evaluate the oxygen uptake capacity of both minerals were carried out at 25°C and 1 bar. Experimental data indicate that in both cases, Fe(II) released from dissolution of these Fe-bearing sulphides is kinetically oxidized to Fe(III) to precipitate as Fe(III)-oxyhydroxides. While the system is pH controlled by the extent of the sulphide oxidation, Eh is controlled by the redox pair Fe2+/Fe(III)-oxyhydroxides. Pyrrhotite dissolution is faster than that of pyrite but generates less acidity. Consequently, the achieved redox value is more reducing. Experimental data show that the oxidation rates of both minerals (in mol·g-1·s-1) are equivalent under the studied conditions. This fact gives a new opportunity to quantify the reductive buffering capacity of pyrrhotite, for which no kinetic rate law has been still established.
Kdsetting approach through semi-quantitative estimation procedures and thermodynamic sorption models: A case study for Horonobe URL conditions
Authors: Tachi Yukio , Ochs Michael , Suyama Tadahiro , Trudel David 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThe use of generic sorption data in PA requires the transfer of the data to the PA-specific conditions. A site-specific Kdsetting approach for PA calculations was tested, comparing two data transfer procedures. First transfer of sorption data can be done through semi-quantitative estimation procedures, by considering differences between experimental and PA geochemical conditions (sorption capacity, radionuclide speciation, competitive reactions, etc.). On the other hand, thermodynamic sorption models allow to estimate Kdvariations directly, based on quasi-mechanistic understanding. The present paper focuses on illustrating example calculations regarding the derivation of Kdvalues, and their uncertainties, of Cs, Ni, Am and Th, for the mineralogical and geochemical conditions of the mudstone system at the Horonobe URL. Clay minerals (illite and smectite) were considered as sorption-relevant minerals in all cases. The Kdsetting results were compared with Kdmeasured for Horonobe mudstone by batch experiments. The results indicate that Kdcan be quantitatively evaluated from generic sorption data when adequate data and models are available. The careful evaluation and conjunctive use of calculated and measured Kdvalues can enhance the reliability of Kdsetting and uncertainty assessments.
Migration Behavior of Selenium in the Presence of Iron in Bentonite
Authors: Idemitsu Kazuya , Kozaki Hikaru , Akiyama Daisuke , Kishimoto Masanao , Yuhara Masaru , Maeda Noriyuki , Inagaki Yaohiro , Arima Tatsumi 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTSelenium (Se) is an important element for assessing the safety of high-level waste disposal. Se is redox-sensitive, and its oxidation state varies from -2 to 6 depending on the redox conditions and pH of the solution. Large quantities of ferrous ions formed in bentonite due to corrosion of carbon steel overpack after the closure of a repository are expected to maintain a reducing environment near the repository. Therefore, the migration behavior of Se in the presence of Fe in bentonite was investigated by electrochemical experiments. Na2SeO3 solution was used as tracer solution. Dry density range of bentonite was from 0.8 to 1.4 ×103 kg/m3.Results indicated that Se was strongly retained by the processes such as precipitation reaction with ferrous ions in bentonite. Se K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) measurements were performed at the BL-11 beamline at SAGA Light Source, and the results revealed that the oxidation state of Se in the bentonite remained Se(IV).
Genetics of End‐Use Quality Differences between a Modern and Historical Spring Wheat
Authors: Sherman Jamie D. , Nash Deanna , Lanning Susan P. , Martin John M. , Blake Nancy K. , Morris Craig F. , Talbert Luther E. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThe goal of this project was to determine the genetic basis for quality differences between a modern semidwarf spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar McNeal and a historically important standard height cultivar Thatcher. McNeal is higher yielding with lower grain protein than Thatcher, yet has stronger gluten properties important in bread making. Grain from a total of 160 recombinant inbred lines including 80 semidwarf and 80 standard‐height lines grown in three environments was tested for bread‐making quality. A genetic map of 609 markers was used to identify bread‐making quality quantitative trait loci (QTL) influencing flour protein, dough mixing, and baking properties. The McNeal allele for semidwarf habit at Rht‐D1 had the largest impact on end‐use quality parameters, including flour protein and loaf volume. The primarily negative impact of this allele on quality in McNeal was mitigated by alleles for increased dough strength at other QTL. The allele with the greatest effect on strength was at Gli‐B1. Other alleles for increased end‐use quality, especially alleles impacting flour protein, tended to be negatively associated with previously identified alleles for grain yield and its components. In sum, this paper shows that the introduction of the Rht alleles for semidwarf habit have presented a challenge to the maintenance of superior end‐use quality in modern hard red spring wheat cultivars.
Freezing Low Volume Aqueous Solutions to Preserve Ammonia and Nitrate plus Nitrite
Authors: Menchyk Nicholas , Park Dara , Moon Phillip H. , Unruh J. Bryan , Trenholm Laurie E. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTAnalysis of N and P in leachate is important in studying the fate of fertilizers after they are applied to turfgrass and landscape plants. Depending on environmental factors, in situ leachate samples collected from the field are often less than 20 mL. Due to the time and resource commitment of N and P analysis, it is desirable for many samples to be collected before analysis is conducted. In addition, past research has documented that acid preservation of low volume samples for N analysis can lead to inaccurate P measurements. Two experiments conducted in June 2007 and August 2008 compared ammonia‐nitrogen (NH3–N) and nitrite‐nitrogen plus nitrate‐nitrogen (NO2–N + NO3–N) concentrations within low volume samples preserved by freezing to other commonly used preservation techniques, including the accepted USEPA method. All preservation methods, including storage at less than −20°C, resulted in NH3 and NO2 + NO3 concentrations similar to concentrations measured in immediately analyzed aliquots. Freezing low volume leachate water samples for later N analysis is an adequate method of preservation.
Tracking an omnidirectional evader with a differential drive robot at a bounded variable distance
Authors: Ruiz Ubaldo , Marroquin Jose Luis , Murrieta-Cid Rafael 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In this paper, we address the pursuit-evasion problem of tracking an Omnidirectional Agent (OA) at a bounded variable distance using a Differential Drive Robot (DDR), in an Euclidean plane without obstacles. We assume that both players have bounded speeds, and that the DDR is faster than the evader, but due to its nonholonomic constraints it cannot change its motion direction instantaneously. Only a purely kinematic problem is considered, and any effect due to dynamic constraints (e.g., acceleration bounds) is neglected. We provide a criterion for partitioning the conﬁguration space of the problem into two regions, so that in one of them the DDR is able to control the system, in the sense that, by applying a speciﬁc strategy (also provided), the DDR can achieve any inter-agent distance (within an error bound), regardless of the actions taken by the OA. Particular applications of these results include the capture of the OA by the DDR and maintaining surveillance of the OA at a bounded variable distance.
A robust computational technique for a system of singularly perturbed reaction–diffusion equations
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Bawa Rajesh K. , Lal Arvind K. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In this paper, a singularly perturbed system of reaction–diffusion Boundary Value Problems (BVPs) is examined. To solve such a type of problems, a Modified Initial Value Technique (MIVT) is proposed on an appropriate piecewise uniform Shishkin mesh. The MIVT is shown to be of second order convergent (up to a logarithmic factor). Numerical results are presented which are in agreement with the theoretical results.
A support vector machine with the tabu search algorithm for freeway incident detection
Authors: Yao Baozhen , Hu Ping , Zhang Mingheng , Jin Maoqing 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Automated Incident Detection (AID) is an important part of Advanced Trafﬁc Management and Information Systems (ATMISs). An automated incident detection system can effectively provide information on an incident, which can help initiate the required measure to reduce the inﬂuence of the incident. To accurately detect incidents in expressways, a Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used in this paper. Since the selection of optimal parameters for the SVM can improve prediction accuracy, the tabu search algorithm is employed to optimize the SVM parameters. The proposed model is evaluated with data for two freeways in China. The results show that the tabu search algorithm can effectively provide better parameter values for the SVM, and SVM models outperform Artiﬁcial Neural Networks (ANNs) in freeway incident detection.
Bivariate Hahn moments for image reconstruction
Authors: Wu Haiyong , Yan Senlin 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This paper presents a new set of bivariate discrete orthogonal moments which are based on bivariate Hahn polynomials with non-separable basis. The polynomials are scaled to ensure numerical stability. Their computational aspects are discussed in detail. The principle of parameter selection is established by analyzing several plots of polynomials with different kinds of parameters. Appropriate parameters of binary images and a grayscale image are obtained through experimental results. The performance of the proposed moments in describing images is investigated through several image reconstruction experiments, including noisy and noise-free conditions. Comparisons with existing discrete orthogonal moments are also presented. The experimental results show that the proposed moments outperform slightly separable Hahn moments for higher orders.
Numerical Modelling of Stress/Strain Field Arising in Diamond-Impregnated Cobalt
Authors: Borowiecka-Jamrozek J. , Lachowski J. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The paper presents results of computer simulations of the stress/strain field built up in a cobalt matrix diamond impregnated saw blade segment during its fabrication and after loading the protruding diamond with an external force. The main objective of this work was to create better understanding of the factors affecting retention of diamond particles in a metallic matrix of saw blade segments, which are produced by means of the powder metallurgy technology.
The effective use of diamond impregnated tools strongly depends on mechanical and tribological properties of the matrix, which has to hold the diamond grits firmly. The diamond retention capability of the matrix is affected in a complex manner by chemical or mechanical interactions between the diamond crystal and the matrix during the segment manufacture. Due to the difference between the thermal expansion coefficients of the diamond and metallic matrix, a complex stress/strain field is generated in the matrix surrounding each diamond crystal.
It is assumed that the matrix potential for diamond retention can be associated with the amount of the elastic and plastic deformation energy and the size of the deformation zone occurring in the matrix around diamonds. The stress and strain fields generated in the matrix were calculated using the Abaqus software. It was found that the stress and strain fields generated during segment fabrication change to a large extent as the diamond crystal emerges from the cobalt matrix to reach its working height of protrusion.
The Prediction of Surface Temperature in Drilling of Ti6Al4V
Authors: Işik B. , Kentli A. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Titanium and its alloys are attractive materials due to their unique high strength-weight ratio that is maintained at elevated temperatures and their exceptional corrosion resistance. The major application of titanium has been in the aerospace industry. However, the focus shift of market trends from military to commercial and aerospace to industry also been reported. On the other hand, titanium and its alloys are notorious for their poor thermal properties and are classified as difficult-to-machine materials. These properties limit the use of these materials especially in the markets where cost is much more of a factor than in aerospace. Machining is an important manufacturing process because it is almost always involved if precision is required and is the most effective process for small volume production. Due to the low machinability of the alloys under study, selecting the machining conditions and parameters is crucial. The range of feeds and cutting speeds, which provide a satisfactory tool life, is very limited. On the other hand, adequate tool, coating, geometry and cutting flow materials should be used: otherwise, the high wear of the tool, and the possible tolerance errors, would introduce unacceptable flaws in parts that require a high degree of precision.
In this study, heat changes of Ti6Al4V has been examined on the basis of cutting parameters such as depth of cut, feedrate and cutting speed during drilling. Heat changes of the material and tool was monitored by a thermal camera. Maximum temperatures of the experiments were taken to examine optimum cutting parameters. Obtained results have been used to generate a regression analysis and it is seen that regression has given accurate data.
Interaction of Non-Metallic Inclusion Particles with Advancing Solidification Front
Authors: Kalisz D. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This work deals the phenomenon interaction of crystallization front on the particles of non-metallic precipitates. The behavior of a single particle in the vicinity of horizontal and vertical front was analyzed. The forces acting on the particle were characterized and the equilibrium condition formulated, from which the critical velocity of front may be deduced. The calculation results were illustrated in the form of graphs.
The Effect of Liquid Aluminium on the Corrosion of Carbonaceous Materials
Authors: Pietrzyk S. , Palimaka P. , Gębarowski W. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
During different aluminum smelting processes occur direct contact of liquid metal and carbon materials, which are the main constituent for the lining of the cells, furnaces, crucibles and ladles, etc. As a result, processes of aluminium carbide formation at the interfacial area and its subsequent dissolution occurs. Those are recognized as one of the most important mechanisms causing surface wear and decrease lifetime of the equipment, especially in aluminium electrolysis. Present work is aimed at deeper study of the initial steps of Al4C3 formation at the aluminium/ carbon interface. Three types of carbonaceous materials: amorphous, semigraphitic and graphitized, in the presence and absence of cryolite melts, were examined. As it is very difficult to study layer of Al4C3 in situ, two indirect experimental techniques were used to investigate aluminium carbide formation: measurements of the potential and the electrical resistance. It was concluded that the process of early formation of aluminium carbide depends on many processes associated with the presence of electrolyte (intercalation, penetration and dissolution) as well as the structure of carbon materials - especially the presence of the disordered phase.
Electrodeposition of Zirconium from DMSO Solution
Authors: Simka W. , Majewski D. , Nawrat G. , Krząkała A. , Nieużyła Ł. , Michalska J. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Investigations of voltammetry zirconium deposition from DMSO solution on different substrates were taken. It was found that this is multi-electron process proceeding in a few stages. Moreover, zirconium layers were obtained on titanium, copper stainless steel and nickel. Obtained deposit was in form of white powder, which immediately was oxidized to ZrO2 in the presence of air.
Thermodynamic Description Of Ternary Fe-B-X Systems. Part 2: Fe-B-Ni
Authors: Miettinen J. , Vassilev G. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
A thermodynamic description of the ternary Fe-B-Ni system is presented in the context of a new Fe-B-X (X = Cr, Ni, Mn, Si, Ti, V, C) database. The thermodynamic parameters of the binary sub-systems, Fe-B, Fe-Ni and B-Ni, are taken from earlier assessments slightly modifying the B-Ni description. Those of the Fe-B-Ni system are optimized in this study using experimental thermodynamic and phase equilibrium data from the literature. The solution phases of the system are described using the substitutional solution model and the borides are treated as stoichiometric or semi-stoichiometric phases of the (A,B)pCq type described with two-sublattice model.
Oxidation Resistance of Alcrn Coating Deposited on Ti-46Al-7Nb-0.7Cr-0.1Si-0.2Ni Alloy
Authors: Małecka J. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This article presents the results of research on resistance to isothermal oxidation of Ti-46Al-7Nb-0,7Cr-0,1Si-0,2Ni alloy with AlCrN layer applied. The reference material was a Ti-46Al-7Nb-0,7Cr-0,1Si-0,2Ni alloy in initial state without any coating deposited. The protective coating was deposited by PVD process. Attempts at isothermal oxidation in air were performed at 900 and 950°C during 250h. Measurements of the samples’ mass were taken with the accuracy of 10-4 g. An analysis of the obtained results was made: chemical composition analysis, phase analysis of the deposited coating and chemical composition analysis of the alloy surface with the coating deposited after oxidation tests. In the case of the oxidation of alloy in initial state, pronouncedly higher mass gain and ”deferred” scale chipping was noticed. The deposited AlCrN coating significantly reduces spalling processes and makes for lesser mass gain of the oxidized alloy.
Methods of Additive Manufacturing used in the Technology of Skeleton Castings
Authors: Piekło J. , Maj M. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Rapid development of the methods of additive manufacturing (AM) introduces a number of changes to the design of foundry equipment. AM methods are of particular importance in the development of technology to make small lots of castings or single cast items of complex shapes, such as skeleton castings manufactured also by means of other technologies [1]. AM methods create the possibility of making single-use moulds, cores and wax patterns, as well as patterns made from plastics for repeated use. The development of AM techniques gives theoretically unlimited possibilities in the choice of the designed casting configurations. This fact can be used during the analysis of casting mechanical properties based on the methods of topology optimisation [2], [3], [17], when the said optimisation carried out at the initial stage of design ”matches” the shape of parts to the field of stresses or displacements caused by external load and fixing mode. The article discusses the possibilities and advantages that result from combining the new methods of shaping the casting endurance with AM technologies.