bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benthic Impacts Resulting from the Discharge of Drill Cuttings and Adhering Synthetic Based Drilling Fluid in Deepwater
Authors: Balcom Brian J. , Graham Bruce D. , Hart Alan D. , Bestall Glenn P. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
To address the potential for modification of discharge regulations concerning residual oil on cuttings concentrations (OOCC), a scientific study was conducted in 2011 to evaluate the fate and effects of drill cuttings resulting from completion of a development well using a non-aqueous drilling fluid (NADF). The design of the study conducted in deepwater offshore Ghana was statistically defensible and OSPAR-compliant, utilizing a stratified random sampling design. The study integrated various sampling techniques and matrices to provide a comprehensive assessment of the impacts of cuttings discharges on the marine environment and to verify the results of dispersion modeling. Survey results were used to develop recommendations for regionally applicable OOCC discharge limitations.
The physico-chemical and macroinfaunal sampling of sediments at varying distances from the wellsite offered insight into the benthic fate and effects of NADF-based cuttings discharges. Statistical analyses of the data, including correlation, analysis of variance, Tukey's analysis, and pattern analysis, revealed the following results. Benthic impacts were limited to within several hundred meters of the wellsite and included reduced numbers of species, reduced species diversity and evenness, increases in hydrocarbon levels (including NADF tracers), and elevated levels of drilling-related metals. Macroinfaunal and physico-chemical metrics return to ambient levels within approximately 500 m of the wellsite.
On a worldwide basis, most regulations pertinent to residual OOCC have limits ranging from 1 to 9.4%. An OOCC level of approximately 5% was achieved for the NADF-based cuttings discharges during this development drilling program. Survey results indicate minimal and localized environmental impacts to the sediment chemistry and macroinfaunal community structure from NADF-based cuttings discharges, consistent with findings from other studies. Based on this survey, it would be reasonable to apply the results of this study to establishing appropriate drill cuttings discharge guidelines for deepwater operations that utilize NADFs.
Collaboration with International Labor Organization for Diffusion of Good Working Practices in Myanmar
Authors: de Van Thomas 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Since 1995, Total Exploration and Production Myanmar (TEPM) has implemented a socio-economic program in a rural area of Tenasserim Region, in the south of Myanmar. Launched for 13 villages located in the vicinity of the company's industrial installations, including a 63 kilometers long gas pipeline running up to the Thailand's border, this program has been extended step by step to 12 extra villages. As of today, it covers a population of about 33,000 people, and is about to be extended to 8 new villages. The fields of activities range from health to infrastructure, and include support to primary and secondary education, as well as agricultural, veterinary and micro finance programs. All these activities are implemented by TEPM in the name of the four partners of Yadana consortium: Total, Unocal, PTTEP and the Myanmar Oil and Gas Enterprise (MOGE).
Monitoring and Quantifying Oil Pollution using Aerial Surveillance ~ Problems and Solutions
Authors: Salt Dave , Hughes Emma , Gair Stuart 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
One of the biggest challenges in oil spill response is the quantification and observation of the spilled oil. Both aspects are important from an operational and a regulatory perspective. Over the years various tools have been used to achieve this goal, but there are limitations in capability. Experience has shown that the failure to quantify a spill, quickly with some degree of accuracy can lead to an immense problem of an operational, regulatory and even legal nature. The task of surveillance is not a simple one; skilled observers are needed to identify oil from false targets. Mission planning and data capture in different spectrums are required, but most importantly the data is only of value when back in the command centre, not on the aircraft, so an effective means of high speed data transfer is needed. Communication plays a crucial part in the operations, an ability to communicate directly with the pilot to direct the aircraft is an important asset to the operation. This paper will consider some of the problems of conducting aerial surveillance and demonstrate how one solution has been implemented in the United Kingdom Continental Shelf.
Planning for the Future: Criteria, Measures and Indices, and Monitoring the Landscape
Authors: Murdoch Dee 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The ability to demonstrate to stakeholders "that we can put the landuse and landform back to a condition equal to or as better than that pre disturbance" is a goal common to all resource recovery industries. An integral part of every modern day resource project is the requirement to incorporate, from day one of the planning cycle, a range of commitments regarding post development land use and connections with the surrounding landscape. These commitments may range from productive pastures, to areas of conservation value through to areas of infrastructure or recreational activities.
Current examples of the struggle that the open cut and underground coal and coal seam gas industries are facing are demonstrated through the recent launch of the Draft Upper Hunter Strategic Regional Land Use Plan (NSW Dept Planning and Infrastructure March 2012). The purpose of this document and the associated policy and those like it which have been launched in Queensland are to provide a balance between the protection of agricultural lands and the sustainable management of natural resources. Across the Upper Hunter it is seenas paramount to minimizelanduse conflicts arising from the rapid growth of the coal mining activities and the recent emergence of the coal seam gas industry. These issues are further compounded when the natural heritage of the Upper Hunter region is considered – the area retains 60% native bush land whilst also containing parts of the World Heritage Area of the Gondwana Rainforest and the Greater Blue Mountains.
The accepted framework across Australia for the planning of post disturbance associated with resource recovery incorporates a range of strategies and management plans which focus on biodiversity and rehabilitation. To ensure that these documents form the basis of successful stakeholder engagement they need to address: rehabilitation which is consistent with the site related environmental assessments/documentationan assessment of risk in terms of community and environmental issuesclosure criteria and proposed final landuse which has been developed through stakeholder consultationconsideration of local and regional initiativescompatibility with surrounding landscape and landuse requirementsthe limitations of land capability and land use sustainabilitythe development of stable and permanent landformsthe development of secure and safe containment of waste substancesthe development of sites which are clean, tidy and free of equipment/structures, and free of unacceptable levels of pollution.
A Risk-Based Approach to Bushfire Management
Authors: Doull S. , Johnston P. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
In the summer of 2010-2011, Queensland experienced a number of major rainfall events leading to increasing levels of vegetation. A significant increase in the development and operation of coal seam gas (CSG) gathering systems and processes situated in areas that are heavily vegetated, also occurred. These two factors lead to an increasing level of concern that a major bushfire event could prove disastrous in terms of Queensland CSG development. This paper outlines the risk-based approach to the development of a fire management strategy to deal with this significant problem. The fire management strategy addressed the consequences of an unwanted planned or unplanned bushfire event and put in place measures to limit the exposure of: life safety; environment; items of cultural heritage value; and assets.
The approach considered a fire management strategy that used high level systematic risk analysis tools, such as fault tree analysis and layer of protection analysis, to develop controls that were viable in terms of implementation and cost. A quantitative approach to the designation of fire risk zones was applied through the calculation of thermal radiation caused by a potential fire in vegetation surrounding sites. The methods used to perform these calculations were derived from the Australian Standard AS 3959: 2009 – Construction of buildings in bushfire prone areas.
The fire management strategy was developed to reduce risks related to potential fire hazards created onsite or in the surrounding environment. The development of site fire management plans aimed to identify sources of risk at site and opportunities where actions and strategies can be put in place. This ensured the risk of exposure on-site, of both individuals and property to fires, is reduced as far as is reasonably practicable.
Bushfires are a significant risk in Australian conditions. Putting in place measures to protect local communities and process assets in response to the increased development in heavily vegetated areas was seen as essential in the current climate. The use of a risk-based approach offered an effective, quantifiable and reproducible system to meet this challenge.
The Pipeline Fauna Refuge and Release System (FRRS)
Authors: Johnston Andrew , Dewdney Sonia 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
A consequence of conventional pipeline construction is potential entrapment of fauna in open trenches. Effects of this can include mortality from exposure and entrapment related predation, exposure to personnel of venomous fauna, and potential breaches of policy and legislation. Traditional methods of removing fauna from pipeline trenches include using a hook and catch bag, grab-stick or noose to capture individual animals, sometimes in conjunction with sawdust filled bags. While partially effective, these methods can be time consuming and present elevated safety risks. This paper evaluates the performance of a newly developed Fauna Refuge and Release System (FRRS) designed to address these issues, when used in conjunction with trained and qualified fauna handlers. These methods were trialed on a Glass-fibre Reinforced Epoxy (GRE) oil trunkline installation in the Cooper Basin, South Australia, between April and June 2012. Capture techniques and mortality rates were compared between sections of trench with and without FRRS, the latter employing traditional catch and release methods. The FRRS was found to be a safe, efficient, and effective method for removal of fauna from trench lines. Reductions in fauna stress and mortality from both environmental and predation events were recorded, with a resultant increase in the diversity of fauna species recorded and released unharmed. A plan to implement the FRRS across the range of trenched pipeline projects is currently being assessed.
Operational Excellence: Harmonising business goals and departmental priorities to create sustainable business
Authors: Wilson Andrew 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Description
Operational excellence is a methodology helping organisations grow and sustain operational standards in today's environment of government regulation and consumers', communities', and NGOs'expectation.
Application
Remember when collective wisdom said you cannot afford to improve quality? Now enlightened leaders believe that by combining quality, safety and a reduced environmental footprint, in a multi-functionaland systematic way, (operational excellence), you get improved business results for the long term.
There are two premises that must be in place before approaching the integration of an Operational Excellence program:
Focusing the entire organisation on a few common business objectives Safety is the best starting poing for Operation Excellence
In order that practitioners gain a full understanding of the undertaking, we will then outlay some obstacles that can inhibit success:
The continuing turbulence of financial markets makes many business leaders take a prohibitively myopic view ofimmediate survival only. Improving financial results and environmental results simultaneously is difficult to achieve and relies on a degree of belief.
An overview of how to implement Operational Excellence covers the key practices of risk management, asset effectiveness and capital effectiveness, in combination with a strong change management program.
Results, Observations, and Conclusions
By identifying current and future drivers of business success, leaders can prepare their businesses for the slings and arrows of competition, regulators, activists and a changing market place.Examples from DuPont's own Operational Excellence are cited as proof points and an encouragement to those who would like to see their business attain long-term sustainability. This can only be accomplished comprehensively by adopting the principles of operational excellence.
Significance of Subject Matter
Operational Excellence offers the Oil and Gas industry an opportunity to integrate all operational elements to ensure a stronger, more sustainable business model rather than expending energy on discrete projects, dealing with each issue at a time.
This session equips delegates with an understanding of why operational excellence is valuable methodology. To galvanise the resolve of all members of an executive team this is an important notion to understand, communicate and champion.
Application of quantitative Risk assessment for planning high sour wells or working in an H2S Field close to populated areas.
Authors: Daher Elie 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
H2S or Hydrogen Sulfite is an IDLH (Immediate Danger to Life and Health) poisonous gas and its exposure to humans leaves serious effects that could range from death to lasting physiological and neurological sicknesses.
H2S gas is also odorless, colorless and heavier than air which makes detection by humans very difficult.
H2S occurs naturally in most hydrocarbon bearing formations and could also be generated through well interventions like fracting and flooding.
Oil and Gas companies typically plan for any potential H2S presence and leaks to protect their site employees and contractors. They use gas monitoring devices, supply breathing air to required personnel and provide emergency plans to evacuate or rescue personnel who are potentially exposed.
One area of concern that is often being neglected is the protection of the community where the drilling occurs in highly populated area in the event of a gas release.
As H2S gas leaks in the air, solar heating/radiative cooling determined by cloud coverage and latitude from the equator, wind speed and direction, surface roughness, terrain and height from the ground are all factors that will affect where the plume will be headed and whether it will reach a populated area with a concentration that is harmful to the community.
In addition to the above factors, source elements like diameter, initial jet density, velocity, proximity, obstacles and fallouts are important to building the dispersion model and predicting the impact on the nearby community.
The result of the study would determine an EPZ (Emergency Planning Zone) which allows us to implement monitoring, alarming and evacuation plans within the EPZ.
This paper aims to discuss how to conduct dispersion modeling as quantitave risk assememnt method and provide recommendation on how to choose and run models in order to evaluate the risks and proactively implement emergency plans to protect the populated areas near H2S areas
Respect to the Environment through Biodiversity Program in Delta Mahakam
Authors: Safitri Dian , Argubie Benyamin , Rusjanto Juli , Widiarso Didik 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Biodiversity policy has been established in the Total Group since 2007 which promotes minimization the impact of its activities on biodiversity, baseline surveys and environmental and social impact assessments for all new projects, giving special attention in zones where biological diversity is particularly rich and to provide information and raise awareness among its employees, clients, and the general public.
Indonesia has ratified United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity which requires any activities to conduct Environment monitoring and assessment prior to start. With respect on this requirement and adapt to Total Group's value, Total E&P Indonesie (TEPI) has launched several biodiversity program dedicated to Delta Mahakam considering Delta Mahakam is one of biggest mangrove forest lies on the earth and act as habitat for vulnerable and distinctive species and nurseries and spawning ground for fishes and shrimps.
Biodiversity program starts from the pre project phase until decommissioning phase through environment and social baseline studies in order to establish environment and social baseline condition. This information is critical and valuable to define sensitivity of the environment and identify biodiversity exist in the area. By knowing environment condition, mitigation efforts prepared and implemented during projects and activities. For sustainability of the program, involvement and partnership with stakeholder and local villagers in the biodiversity program has being introduced. Biodiversity program has also being supported by local authority in formation of government structural dedicated to Delta Mahakam management to synchronize all related sectors.
Biodiversity monitoring is also being conducted in order to know status of biodiversity and measure the effectiveness of the program. The results were reported and registered in GIS which can be accessed through TEPI internet. In coordination with Total Group and partnership with local university, several studies were also being conducted in order to support the program. This paper is dedicated to share biodiversity program implemented by TEPI and East Kalimantan government in Delta Mahakam because we believe through biodiversity, we invest nature for future generation.
Measuring Induction Training Course Trainee Safety Behaviours
Authors: McGrath Tim 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Oil and gas industry trainees were tested prior to and after attending a safety induction training course to determine their degree of improvement in being able to detect, assess and react to various cues of hazardous situations and their knowledge and willingness to follow rules and procedures. The test was conducted using a computer virtual reality simulator of an offshore oil and gas facility which contained hazardous scenarios which the trainees had to recognise, assess and either avoid or mitigate.
Trainees felt the test improved their personal understanding of how they might react to the hazards that they may be exposed to in the workplace. The majority of trainees felt that their simulation performance revealed an accurate assessment of their level of risk perception and they became more aware of their current level of risk perception from participating in the testing. They felt that they had improved their ability due to attending the induction training course and the computer testing reflected this improvement.
Although this results of trainees was not provided to the trainers, they agreed the trainees ability to detect, assess and react appropriately to the hazardous situations presented in a computer virtual reality risk perception simulation provided an effective and efficient additional technique to assess whether some of the induction course competencies have been achieved.
Pilot Study of Environmental Risk Analysis Methodology Applied to Angolan Dalia FPSO
Authors: Libre Jean-Marie , Plisson-Saune Stephan , Quiniou Valérie , Nissen-Lie Torild R. , Vandenbussche Valentin , Brude Odd Willy , Rudberg Anders , Battut Maïthena 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
An Environmental Risk Analysis (ERA) was conducted as a pilot study on the Dalia Total FPSO (Floating Production and Storage unit) in Angola located at about 135 km off the coast with complex subsea installations at 1400m depth. The environmental damage and its frequency resulting from the drift and fate of oil depend on many physical, chemical and environmental parameters like the location and composition of the spill, oil weathering, complex and variable surface wind and current patterns, weather conditions, sensitivity of the environmental resource etc…The detailed ERA can only be done if one can estimate the probability of a given quantity of oil to reach an environmental resource and the resulting environmental damage. The possibility to use 3D oil spill drift simulation to fulfill these technical requirements and fit with the Total HSE Reference Framework and risk Matrix is tested. The TOTAL HSE Reference Framework requires that technological risk assessments are carried out for all installations. Based on the technological risk assessment of Dalia FPSO, accidental spill scenarios were compiled and aggregated to a set of most representative scenarios including one blow out case. For each spill scenario, oil drift simulations were conducted in stochastic mode with the OSCAR model developed by Sintef i.e. repeated 246 times for a period of 5 years where met-ocean data were available. Quantities of oil and associated probabilities of presence were calculated for each cell of the model. Environmental target were identified and positioned within a Geographical Information System (GIS) also used in simulations. Environmental damages were estimated based on the MIRA method. Based on these data accidental spill scenarios could be positioned on the Total risk matrix. The pilot results as well as the acceptability of the uncertainties related to this approach are discussed.
Human Rights and Transparent Grievance Management: The Way We Operate in Azerbaijan
Authors: Ismayilov Ibrahim , Yusifzade Aysel , Alakbarov Abdulla 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The Government of Azerbaijan has signed a production sharing agreement (known as the "Contract of the Century" in Azerbaijan) with a consortium of international oil companies in 1994, which marked the beginning of the new development in the country's oil and gas history.1 This contract has signified a key milestone in transforming the economy of the country and hike in standards of living of Azerbaijani citizens following the collapse of the Soviet Union.
This contract has produced one of the world's largest pipeline project taking Caspian energy resources across Azerbaijan, Georgia and Turkey to the world market. Called Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) pipeline, this mega-infrastructure project operated by BP has delivered the best practice in the industry with key focus on environmental and social impact assessment and comprehensive mitigation measures with focus on building positive relationships with communities and people affected by the project activities. BP, as the responsible operator of the major oil and gas projects in the country, has demonstrated a special emphasis to community safety, community liaison and local stakeholder relations management.2
In furtherance of the goal of promoting and establishing the BTC project, the Governments of Azerbaijan, Georgia and Turkey have entered into an Inter-Governmental Agreement (IGA) and associated Host Government Agreement (HGA), which set out the legal and fiscal regime under which The Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan Pipeline Company (BTC Co.) may construct and operate the BTC project in each country. As a supplement to each HGA, BTC Co. signed with Governments of Azerbaijan, Georgia and Turkey a joint statement, which establishes a number of additional key commitments, including a commitment to implement the BTC Project consistently with the Organization for Economic Development and Cooperation (OECD) Guidelines on Multinational Enterprises and commitment to internationally recognized human rights principles in the context of security operations around the BTC pipeline.