bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parental autonomy granting and child perceived control: effects on the everyday emotional experience of anxious youth
Authors: Benoit Allen Kristy , Silk Jennifer S. , Meller Suzanne , Tan Patricia Z. , Ladouceur Cecile D. , Sheeber Lisa B. , Forbes Erika E. , Dahl Ronald E. , Siegle Greg J. , McMakin Dana L. , Ryan Neal D. 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundChildhood anxiety is associated with low levels of parental autonomy granting and child perceived control, elevated child emotional reactivity and deficits in child emotion regulation. In early childhood, low levels of parental autonomy granting are thought to decrease child perceived control, which in turn leads to increases in child negative emotion. Later in development, perceived control may become a more stable, trait‐like characteristic that amplifies the relationship between parental autonomy granting and child negative emotion. The purpose of this study was to test mediation and moderation models linking parental autonomy granting and child perceived control with child emotional reactivity and emotion regulation in anxious youth.MethodsClinically anxious youth (N = 106) and their primary caregivers were assessed prior to beginning treatment. Children were administered a structured diagnostic interview and participated in a parent–child interaction task that was behaviorally coded for parental autonomy granting. Children completed an ecological momentary assessment protocol during which they reported on perceived control, emotional reactivity (anxiety and physiological arousal) and emotion regulation strategy use in response to daily negative life events.ResultsThe relationship between parental autonomy granting and both child emotional reactivity and emotion regulation strategy use was moderated by child perceived control: the highest levels of self‐reported physiological responding and the lowest levels of acceptance in response to negative events occurred in children low in perceived control with parents high in autonomy granting. Evidence for a mediational model was not found. In addition, child perceived control over negative life events was related to less anxious reactivity and greater use of both problem solving and cognitive restructuring as emotion regulation strategies.ConclusionBoth parental autonomy granting and child perceived control play important roles in the everyday emotional experience of clinically anxious children.
Higher relatedness mitigates mortality in a nematode with lethal male fighting
Authors: Kapranas A. , Maher A. M. D. , Griffin C. T. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAccording to kin selection theory, individuals show less aggression towards their relatives. Limited dispersal promotes interactions among relatives but also increases competition among them. The evolution of cooperation in viscous populations has been subject of mainly theoretical exploration. We investigated the influence of relatedness on aggression in males of entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema longicaudum that engage in lethal fighting. In a series of in vitro experiments, we found that both competitor male group size and relatedness influence male mortality rates. Higher relatedness led to progressively lower rates of male mortality. In experimentally infected insects, wherein large numbers of males and females interact, the proportion of dead and paralysed (= terminally injured) males was higher when infection was established by infective juveniles originating from a mixture of three lines than in those infected by a single line. The results collectively show that Steinernema longicaudum males recognize their kin and consequently male mortality rates are lower in groups consisting of more related males. Furthermore, this monotonic negative relationship between aggression and relatedness suggests that kin selection benefits are still substantial even under extreme competition. Our experiments also suggest that kin recognition in entomopathogenic nematodes has a genetic basis rather than being strictly based on environmental cues. We discuss our findings within the theoretical context of the evolution of altruistic/cooperative behaviour in structured populations.
The impacts ofWolbachiaand the microbiome on mate choice inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Arbuthnott D. , Levin T. C. , Promislow D. E. L. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSymbionts and parasites can manipulate their hosts’ reproduction to their own benefit, profoundly influencing patterns of mate choice and evolution of the host population.Wolbachiais one of the most widespread symbionts among arthropods, and one that alters its hosts’ reproduction in diverse and dramatic ways. While we are beginning to appreciate howWolbachia's extreme manipulations of host reproduction can influence species diversification and reproductive isolation, we understand little about how symbionts andWolbachia, in particular, may affect intrapopulation processes of mate choice. We hypothesized that the maternally transmittedWolbachiawould increase the attractiveness of its female hosts to further its own spread. We therefore tested the effects ofWolbachiaremoval and microbiome disruption on female attractiveness and male mate choice among ten isofemale lines ofDrosophila melanogaster. We found variable effects of general microbiome disruption on female attractiveness, with indications that bacteria interact with hosts in a line‐specific manner to affect female attractiveness. However, we found no evidence thatWolbachiainfluence female attractiveness or male mate choice among these lines. Although the endosymbiontWolbachiacan greatly alter the reproduction of their hosts in many species, there is no indication that they alter mate choice behaviours inD. melanogaster.
Complex mitonuclear interactions and metabolic costs of mating in male seed beetles
Authors: Immonen E. , Rönn J. , Watson C. , Berger D. , Arnqvist G. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe lack of evolutionary response to selection on mitochondrial genes through males predicts the evolution of nuclear genetic influence on male‐specific mitochondrial function, for example by gene duplication and evolution of sex‐specific expression of paralogs involved in metabolic pathways. Intergenomic epistasis may therefore be a prevalent feature of the genetic architecture of male‐specific organismal function. Here, we assess the role of mitonuclear genetic variation for male metabolic phenotypes [metabolic rate and respiratory quotient (RQ)] associated with ejaculate renewal, in the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus, by assaying lines with crossed combinations of distinct mitochondrial haplotypes and nuclear lineages. We found a significant increase in metabolic rate following mating relative to virgin males. Moreover, processes associated with ejaculate renewal showed variation in metabolic rate that was affected by mitonuclear interactions. Mitochondrial haplotype influenced mating‐related changes in RQ, but this pattern varied over time. Mitonuclear genotype and the energy spent during ejaculate production affected the weight of the ejaculate, but the strength of this effect varied across mitochondrial haplotypes showing that the genetic architecture of male‐specific reproductive function is complex. Our findings unveil hitherto underappreciated metabolic costs of mating and ejaculate renewal, and provide the first empirical demonstration of mitonuclear epistasis on male reproductive metabolic processes.
Simple technique for high‐throughput marking of distinguishable micro‐areas for microscopy
Authors: HENRICHS LEONARD F. , CHEN LI , BELL ANDREW J. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryToday's (nano)‐functional materials, usually exhibiting complex physical properties require local investigation with different microscopy techniques covering different physical aspects such as dipolar and magnetic structure. However, often these must be employed on the very same sample position to be able to truly correlate those different information and corresponding properties. This can be very challenging if not impossible especially when samples lack prominent features for orientation.Here, we present a simple but effective method to mark hundreds of approximately 15×15 μm sample areas at one time by using a commercial transmission electron microscopy grid as shadow mask in combination with thin‐film deposition. Areas can be easily distinguished when using a reference or finder grid structure as shadow mask. We show that the method is suitable to combine many techniques such as light microscopy, scanning probe microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, we find that best results are achieved when depositing aluminium on a flat sample surface using electron‐beam evaporation which ensures good line‐of‐sight deposition. This inexpensive high‐throughput method has several advantageous over other marking techniques such as focused ion‐beam processing especially when batch processing or marking of many areas is required. Nevertheless, the technique could be particularly valuable, when used in junction with, for example focused ion‐beam sectioning to obtain a thin lamellar of a particular pre‐selected area.
Gingival crevicular fluid vascular endothelial cell growth factor and platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB release profile following the use of perforated barrier membranes during treatment of intrabony defects: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Gamal A. Y. , Abdel‐Ghaffar K. A. , Iacono V. J. 
Published: November 2015

Background and ObjectivePerforated barrier membranes open channels between the suprabony and intrabony compartments of the defect, which could allow for more physiologic cellular interactions between different components of the periodontium during guided tissue regeneration surgery. To test this assumption, this study was designed to evaluate levels of vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) and platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF)‐BB in gingival crevicular fluid during the early stages of healing of localized intrabony defects treated with perforated membranes (PMs) or non‐PMs, as compared with open flap debridement.Material and MethodsThirty non‐smoking patients with severe chronic periodontitis participated in this prospective, randomized and single blinded trial. Each patient contributed one interproximal defect that was randomly assigned to the PM group (n = 10), occlusive membrane (OM) group (n = 10) or open flap debridement (OFD) group (n = 10). Plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, clinical attachment level and the intrabony depth of the defect were measured at baseline and reassessed at 6 and 9 mo after therapy. Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected on days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 30 d after therapy for the changes in VEGF and PDGF‐BB levels.ResultsDuring the early stages of healing (1, 3 and 7 d), the mean VEGF and PDGF‐BB concentrations at sites treated with PMs and OFD peaked with a statistically significant difference as compared with the OM‐treated group. VEGF and PDGF‐BB levels at sites treated with PMs and OFD were not statistically different. Growth factor levels decreased sharply in the samples obtained at days 21 and 30 with non‐significant differences between the three groups. Nine months after therapy, the PM‐treated group showed a statistically significant improvement in probing depth, clinical attachment level and intrabony defect compared to the OM and OFD groups.ConclusionsWithin the limits of the present study, one can conclude that PM coverage of periodontal defects is associated with initial gingival crevicular fluid growth factor upregulation that could improve the clinical outcomes of guided tissue regeneration surgery.
DNA hypermethylation of extracellular matrix‐related genes in human periodontal fibroblasts induced by stimulation for a prolonged period with lipopolysaccharide derived from Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Takai R. , Uehara O. , Harada F. , Utsunomiya M. , Chujo T. , Yoshida K. , Sato J. , Nishimura M. , Chiba I. , Abiko Y. 
Published: November 2015

Objectives and BackgroundThe involvement of DNA methylation in periodontal disease is not clear. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from Porphyromonas gingivalis is involved in the progression of periodontal disease. We recently developed an in vitro model of LPS infection in human periodontal fibroblast cells (HPdLFs) for a prolonged period. In this study, we examined genome‐wide analysis of DNA methylation in HPdLFs stimulated with LPS derived from P. gingivalis for a prolonged period. We noted the hypermethylation of extracellular matrix (ECM)‐related genes and examined whether hypermethylation affected their transcription levels.Material and MethodsHPdLFs were grown in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. The culture was repeated, alternating 3 d with LPS derived from P. gingivalis and 3 d without LPS for 1 mo. Untreated samples were used as controls. DNA was analyzed using the human CpG island microarray. Quantitative methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction was carried out to confirm reproducibility of the microarray data. The expression levels of mRNA of the selected ECM‐related genes from the data were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction.ResultsWe found 25 ECM‐related genes with hypermethylation at the CpG island of the promoter region, which exhibited a fourfold greater hypermethylation than controls. Among these genes, hypermethylation of nine ECM‐related genes, FANK1, COL4A1‐A2, 12A1 and 15A1, LAMA5 and B1, MMP25, POMT1 and EMILIN3, induced a significantly downregulated expression of their mRNA.ConclusionThese results indicate that LPS derived from P. gingivalis may cause DNA hypermethylation of some ECM‐related genes followed by downregulated expression of their transcriptional levels.
Making sense of it: intensive care patients' phenomenological accounts of story construction
Authors: Stayt Louise C , Seers Kate , Tutton Liz 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundPatients entering intensive care encounter physical and psychological stress that may lead to psychological morbidity such as depression, anxiety and post‐traumatic stress. It has been suggested that constructing a story may assist psychological recovery. However, this has been minimally investigated in intensive care patients.AimThe aim of this article is to examine the process of story construction in people's phenomenological accounts of being a patient in the technological environment of intensive care.Study designThe study design was informed by Heideggerian phenomenology.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 19 patients who had been in intensive care for at least 4 days. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed and analysed utilizing Van Manen's framework for thematic analysis.FindingsMaking sense of their experiences in an intensive care unit appeared to be fundamental to story construction. Themes that arose were ‘why am I here?’, ‘filling in the gaps’, ‘sorting the real from the unreal’ and ‘searching for familiarity’. These themes describe how participants sought temporal and causal coherence in order to construct their integrated and understandable story. Families appeared to play a critical role in helping participants fill in the gaps, sorting the real from the unreal and their subsequent psychological recovery.Conclusions and relevance to clinical practiceThe importance of early support from health care professionals to facilitate patients' story construction is highlighted. The study also emphasizes the role families play in supporting patients while they make sense of their experiences and the associated psychological recovery process. Further research to evaluate methods of facilitating story construction, such as nurse‐led debriefing and patient diaries, is recommended. In addition, an investigation of families' perceptions of their role in assisting patients construct their story may facilitate the development of strategies by health care professionals to effectively support families in their role.
Tomato MBD5, a methyl CpG binding domain protein, physically interacting with UV‐damaged DNA binding protein‐1, functions in multiple processes
Authors: Li Yuxiang , Deng Heng , Miao Min , Li Huirong , Huang Shengxiong , Wang Songhu , Liu Yongsheng 
Published: November 2015

Summary

In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), high pigment mutations (hp‐1 and hp‐2) were mapped to genes encoding UV‐damaged DNA binding protein 1 (DDB1) and de‐etiolated‐1 (DET1), respectively.

Here we characterized a tomato methyl‐CpG‐binding domain protein SlMBD5 identified by yeast two‐hybrid screening using SlDDB1 as a bait.

Yeast two‐hybrid assay demonstrated that the physical interaction of SlMBD5 with SlDDB1 is mediated by the C‐termini of SlMBD5 and the β‐propeller‐C (BPC) of SlDDB1. Co‐immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that SlMBD5 associates with SlDDB1‐interacting partners including SlDET1, SlCUL4, SlRBX1a and SlRBX1b in vivo. SlMBD5 was shown to target to nucleus and dimerizes via its MBD motif. Electrophoresis mobility shift analysis suggested that the MBD of SlMBD5 specifically binds to methylated CpG dinucleotides but not to methylated CpHpG or CpHpH dinucleotides. SlMBD5 expressed in protoplast is capable of activating transcription of CG islands, whereas CUL4/DDB1 antagonizes this effect. Overexpressing SlMBD5 resulted in diverse developmental alterations including darker green fruits with increased plastid level and elevated pigmentation, as well as enhanced expression of SlGLK2, a key regulator of plastid biogenesis.

Taken together, we hypothesize that the physical interaction of SlMBD5 with the CUL4‐DDB1‐DET1 complex component may affect its binding activity to methylated DNA and subsequently attenuate its transcription activation of downstream genes.
Dizziness, but not falls rate, improves after routine cataract surgery: the role of refractive and spectacle changes
Authors: Supuk Elvira , Alderson Alison , Davey Christopher J. , Green Clare , Litvin Norman , Scally Andrew J. , Elliott David B. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPurposeTo determine whether dizziness and falls rates change due to routine cataract surgery and to determine the influence of spectacle type and refractive factors.MethodsSelf‐reported dizziness and falls were determined in 287 patients (mean age of 76.5 ± 6.3 years, 55% females) before and after routine cataract surgery for the first (81, 28%), second (109, 38%) and both eyes (97, 34%). Dizziness was determined using the short‐form of the Dizziness Handicap Inventory. Six‐month falls rates were determined using self‐reported retrospective data.ResultsThe number of patients with dizziness reduced significantly after cataract surgery (52% vs 38%; χ2 = 19.14, p < 0.001), but the reduction in the number of patients who fell in the 6‐months post surgery was not significant (23% vs 20%; χ2 = 0.87, p = 0.35). Dizziness improved after first eye surgery (49% vs 33%, p = 0.01) and surgery on both eyes (58% vs 35%, p < 0.001), but not after second eye surgery (52% vs 45%, p = 0.68). Multivariate logistic regression analyses found significant links between post‐operative falls and change in spectacle type (increased risk if switched into multifocal spectacles). Post‐operative dizziness was associated with changes in best eye visual acuity and changes in oblique astigmatic correction.ConclusionsDizziness is significantly reduced by first (or both) eye cataract surgery and this is linked with improvements in best eye visual acuity, although changes in oblique astigmatic correction increased dizziness. The lack of improvement in falls rate may be associated with switching into multifocal spectacle wear after surgery.
Multiple Intercostal Space Electrocardiogram Allows Accurate Localization of Outflow Tract Ventricular Arrhythmia Origin
Authors: LIU ZHENG , JIA YU‐HE , REN LAN , FANG PI‐HUA , ZHOU GONG‐BU , HE JIA , ZHANG SHU 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundMultiple intercostal recordings were supposed to get a more comprehensive view of the depolarization vector of the outflow tract ventricular arrhythmia (OT‐VA), which may help to identify the OT‐VA more accurately. This study was undertaken to develop a more accurate electrocardiogram (ECG) criterion for differentiating between left and right OT‐VA origins.MethodsWe studied OT‐VA with a left bundle branch block pattern and inferior axis QRS morphology in 47 patients with successful catheter ablation in the right ventricular OT (RVOT; n = 37) or aortic coronary cusp (ACC; n = 10). Superior and inferior precordial leads were taken together with the routine 12‐lead ECG. The ECG during the OT‐VA and during sinus beats were analyzed. Transition ratio, transition zone (TZ) index, R/S amplitude ratio, and R‐wave duration ratio were measured in the regular, superior, and inferior precordial leads.ResultsThe combined TZ index, TZ index inferior was significantly smaller, while the V2 inferior transition ratio was significantly larger for ACC origins than RVOT origins (P < 0.05). The area under the curve for the combined TZ index by a receiver operating characteristic analysis was 0.974, which was significantly larger than other parameters. A cutoff value ≤0.25 predicted an ACC origin with 94% sensitivity and 100% specificity. This advantage of the parameter over others also held true for a subanalysis of OT‐VAs with a lead V3 precordial transition or TZ index = 0.ConclusionsThe combined TZ index outperformed other ECG criteria to differentiate left from right OT‐VA origins.
Increased Nonalternans Repolarization Variability Precedes Ventricular Tachycardia Onset in Patients with Implantable Defibrillators
Authors: KROKHALEVA YULIYA , PATEL DIVYANG , SHAH HEMAL , SHUSTERMAN VLADIMIR , SABA SAMIR , NĚMEC JAN 
Published: November 2015

BackroundT‐wave alternans (TWA) is associated with ventricular tachycardia (VT). Nonalternans repolarization variability (NARV) precedes VT in certain experimental models, but its link to clinical arrhythmia is unproven. This study was conducted to determine if NARV increases prior to VT in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs).MethodsTWA and NARV were calculated from shock‐channel electrograms preceding onset of VT or non‐VT events in patients with an ICD. In each patient, presence of both a VT and a non‐VT event with the same QRS morphology before the event was required. Mixed linear model was used for data analysis, using heart rate (HR) and the number of analyzed beats as covariates.ResultsFive hundred and sixty‐eight events from 64 patients (males/females 51/13, 67 ± 13 years) were analyzed. HR preceding non‐VT events was higher than before VT events (RR interval 595 ± 159 vs 706 ± 111 ms; P < 0.0001). Both TWA and NARV increased with increasing HR (P < 0.001). TWA decreased with increasing number of analyzed beats. When controlled for number of analyzed beats and HR, both TWA and NARV were higher before VT than before non‐VT events (P < 0.002 and P < 0.0005, respectively).ConclusionsNARV is elevated prior to spontaneous VT onset. Both NARV and TWA increase with HR. The decrease of TWA with increasing number of analyzed beats may indicate contamination with NARV or noise when only a small number of beats is available for analysis. NARV might be useful for VT prediction in the future.