bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Pertussigen (Pertussis Toxin) on the Mouse Protective Activity of Vaccines Made from Bordetella Species
Authors: Munoz John J. , Peacock Marius G. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPertussigen [pertussis toxin (Ptx)] from Bordetella pertussis, when detoxified, induces protection in mice to intracerebral challenge (ic) with virulent B. pertussis. In its native form, minute nonprotective doses promote the development of immunity induced by other antigens of B. pertussis. As little as 4 ng of Ptx, given with a nonprotective dose of 8 × 107 killed cells of the phase III Sakairi strain, promoted detectable protection to ic challenge. Native Ptx in doses of 0.4 to 400 ng did not protect mice, and vaccines made from strains not producing Ptx induced only weak protection. The marked enhancing action of Ptx was also observed with 5 μg of purified filamentous hemagglutinin and with vaccines made from other species of the Bordetella genus, such as B. parapertussis and B. bronchiseptica, but it was not observed with B. pertussis endotoxin. In addition, Ptx was still effective when given as late as 7 days after the vaccine. Antibodies to surface antigens of the challenge strain were demonstrated in sera of mice immunized with vaccines prepared with the different Bordetella species tested, but antibodies to Ptx were detected only in the sera of mice immunized with the wild‐type B. pertussis strains. Glutaraldehyde detoxified Ptx does not have this action. Pretreatment of normal mice with Ptx, also enhanced the protective action of a mouse antiserum to a wild‐type strain of B. pertussis. These observations show that antigens other than Ptx are responsible for the protection, and that Ptx acts non‐specifically to enhance the mouse protective action of those antigens.
Presence of Proteins Derived from the Vegetative Cell Membrane in the Dormant Spore Coat of Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Fujita Yuko , Yasuda Yoko , Kozuka Satoshi , Tochikubo Kunio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTo confirm the presence of the outer spore membrane in dormant spore coats of Bacillus subtilis, the proteins from vegetative cell membrane and dormant spore coat fractions were compared by immunoblot assay with antibodies prepared against both preparations. The spore coat fraction contained at least 11 proteins antigenically identical to those in the vegetative cell membranes. Further, the cytochemical localization of the proteins derived from vegetative cell membrane in dormant spores was examined by an immunoelectron microscopy method with a colloidal gold‐immunoglobulin G complex. The colloidal gold particles were observed in the coat region and around the core region of dormant spore. These results have provided evidence that some proteins from vegetative cell membrane remain in the dormant spore coat region of B. subtilis, although it is not clear whether the outer membrane persists as an intact functional entity or not.
Characterization of a Strain of Mycoplasma hominis Lacking 120 kDa Membrane Protein Isolated from Vero Cell Culture
Authors: Sasaki Tsuguo , Sasaki Yuko , Matsumura Toshiharu , Oyama Noriko , Koshimizu Kaoru 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA strain of Mycoplasma hominis lacking a major membrane protein of 120 kDa was isolated from a Vero cell culture. This strain showed very slow growth rate and formed nipple‐less colonies on agar medium.
Spreading of Streptomycin Antibiotic Resistance Gene in Escherichia coli Plasmids Demonstrated by Southern Blot Analysis
Authors: Hajnal Anna , Falus Andras 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPlasmids from E. coli strains of 38 donors were transconjugated to common recipient SY663 Escherichia coli K12. The restriction patterns of the isolated plasmids were highly heterogenous. However, the streptomycin (Sm) resistance genes of the plasmids were identical or closely homologous in 29 of the 33 plasmids conferring Sm resistance. These data were based on Southern blot analysis, using the Sm resistance gene (encoding aminoglycoside phosphoryl transferase) as probe cut out from pBPl plasmid. Our data suggest an extensive spreading of streptomycin resistance gene of this type.
Characterization of a Nalidixic‐Acid‐Resistant Mutant of Escherichia coli as a Strict Aerobe
Authors: Yoshizawa Yukio , Yamamoto Nobuto 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAn Escherichia coli mutant, C18, which plates at an efficiency of 5.0 × 10−4 under anaerobic condition, was isolated among spontaneous nalidixic‐acid‐resistant mutants. This strict aerobic mutation was mapped by Pl cotransduction with a gyrA linked transposon Tn10 and found to be at the gyrA gene. A low degree of superhelicity of pBR322 DNA isolated from C18 was demonstrated by agarose gel electrophoresis with various concentrations of ethidium bromide. The superhelical density of pBR322 isolated from C18 was 80% of the value of pBR322 isolated from wild‐type bacteria cultured under aerobic condition, and 50% cultured under anaerobic condition. These results lead us to conclude that a certain mutation of the gyrA gene causes a decrease in DNA superhelicity and prevents anaerobic growth.
Evaluation of Production and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies to Human IgG of Four Subclasses
Authors: Harada Shigenori , Nishimura Shinji , Saiga Akihiko , Hosoi Susumu , Mikawa Haruki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractHuman IgG of four subclasses, semi‐purified from pooled human serum by a series of DEAE ion exchange and protein A affinity chromatographies, were used as immunogens and initial screening antigens to produce subclass‐specific and ‐restricted monoclonal antibodies (McAbs). These McAbs were bound to CNBr‐activated Sepharose 4B and utilized in immunoaffinity chromatography to prepare four polyclonal human IgG subclasses of satisfactory purities, which were then used as final screening antigens. Subclass‐specific McAbs thus chosen were further evaluated for subclass‐ and especially allotype‐specificity using a panel of monoclonal IgG myeloma proteins with representative Gm markers for each subclass in micro enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A total of 10 clones of subclass‐specific McAbs (one for anti‐IgG1, three anti‐IgG2, two anti‐IgG3, four anti‐IgG4) were established. Among them, IgG2‐specific clones of HG2‐30F and HG2‐56F, IgG3‐specific HG3‐7C and HG3‐32C, and IgG4‐specific HG4‐53G McAbs were superior to the corresponding specificity standard McAbs chosen by the Human Immunoglobulins Subcommittee of the WHO/International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS) in 1985. As allotype‐specific McAbs, HG1‐1E for Glm(az) and HG3‐3B for G3m(b) were obtained. In micro ELISA of this study as well as all protocols of the previous WHO/IUIS collaborative study, antigens (myeloma IgG subclasses) were immobilized or fixed to a solid phase, resulting in possible variations in their epitope expressions. We developed a new assay system, micro radioimmunoassay (RIA), in which reactivities of McAbs against free IgG subclasses in solution can be evaluated. HG2‐30F, having extremely high reactivities to coated IgG2 in micro ELISA, remarkably reduced its reactivities to free IgG2 in solution in micro RIA. Two other clones also showed some different reactivities in micro RIA and micro ELISA. We believe that this micro RIA is valuable for evaluation of McAbs reactivities against native human IgG subclasses in solution.
Electron Microscopic Studies of Viruses Labeled with Magnetite
Authors: Mizutani Hiromichi , Mizutani Hiroko , Nozaki Kiyoe , Fujiwara Koichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe were able to develop a method with which to successfully and specifically detect virus particles under the electron microscope by using magnetite. This method was devised on the principle that magnetite‐labeled antibody or magnetite coupled with protein A selectively bind virus or antibody‐treated virus particles on the electron microscope grid by the action of an electromagnet. Another advantage characterizing the technique is the possibility of detection of a small number of virus particles. This is done through a process of concentration and purification of the reaction complexes trapped rigidly by magnetic force.
Frequency of Cell Transformation by the Small DNA Tumor Viruses: Infection of Proliferating Cells and Quiescent Cells
Authors: Matsuzaki Akinobu , Okuda Atsuyuki , Tamura Hideaki , Ohtsu Masumi , Kimura Genki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSmall DNA‐containing tumor viruses (simian virus 40, mouse polyomavirus, and adenoviruses) malignantly transform fibroblasts of the susceptible rodents. Fibroblasts can exist, in vitro and in vivo, in either of the two states: the proliferating state or the quiescent state. In the present study, we examined whether the state of fibroblasts at the time of exposure to these DNA viruses affects the frequency of transformation. Dense‐focus formation in monolayer culture of rat 3Y1 fibroblasts was used to quantitate transformation. Results show that the frequency of transformation by simian virus 40 and mouse polyomavirus was reduced when cells were in the proliferating state at the time of virus inoculation as compared to cells in the quiescent state, whereas that by adenovirus type 12 was similar in the two cellular states. The reduction of the frequency of transformation in proliferating cells infected with simian virus 40 was also observed in BALB/c 3T3 mouse cells. Mechanisms underlying the difference between the two cellular states and the difference between the papovavirus and adenovirus in this aspect of transformation remain to be investigated.
Immunopathology of Chronic Progressive Hepatitis in Nude Mice Infected with Low‐Virulent Mouse Hepatitis Virus
Authors: Midoro Katsuo , Nakanaga Kazue , Kyuwa Shigeru , Fujiwara Kôsaku 
Published: November 2013

AbstractProgressive hepatitis in athymic nude (nu/nu) mice due to a low‐virulent mouse hepatitis virus, MHV‐2 cc, was examined for involvement of immunocytes and serum antibodies. At 3 to 6 weeks postinoculation (p.i.) a considerable number of Mac 1‐ and asialo GM1‐positive cells were accumulated in the affected liver and spleen. There were also some Thy‐1‐positive cells. Later than 2 weeks p.i., serum IgG and IgM antibodies were detected in parallel with virus‐neutralizing activity, while the IgG levels were lower than those of infected euthymic (nu/ +) littermates. By transfer of the infected nu/nu mouse serum, the recipient euthymic mice acquired resistance to lethal challenge infection with a virulent virus, MHV‐2.
Intrinsic Penicillin Resistance in Penicillinase‐Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae Strains
Authors: Ikeda Fumiaki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ampicillin for fifty strains of beta‐lactamase‐producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) isolated in Japan ranged from 1.56 to 200 μg/ml, and all the strains harbored a 4.5 megadalton plasmid. These strains were classified into two groups: dicloxacillin‐susceptible (28°00) and ‐resistant group (72°00). A linear correlation was found in the dicloxacillin‐susceptible strains between their beta‐lactamase activity and the susceptibility to ampicillin. but not in the dicloxacillin‐resistant strains. This suggests that the high ampicillin resistance in PPNG is due not only to acquiring the beta‐lactamase producing plasmid. but also to some intrinsic resistance of the strains. To investigate a cause of the high ampicillin resistance, the beta‐lactamase‐producing plasmid, pTMS1, was transferred by conjugation to a penicillin‐susceptible gonococcal strain as well as to its isogenic multiply antibiotic‐resistant transformants, and the susceptibility of the transconjugants to ampicillin was determined. Acquisition of pTMS1 by a penicillin‐susceptible strain resulted in a 32‐fold increase in resistance to ampicillin, whereas the increase was 128‐fold for its isogenic strains which contain some chromosomal mutations. These results suggest that reduced permeability of the outer membrane to ampicillin underlies the high ampicillin resistance of PPNG.
Proposals of Sphingomonas paucimobilis gen. nov. and comb. nov., Sphingomonas parapaucimobilis sp. nov., Sphingomonas yanoikuyae sp. nov., Sphingomonas adhaesiva sp. nov., Sphingomonas capsulata comb, nov., and Two Genospecies of the Genus Sphingomonas
Authors: Yabuuchi Eiko , Yano Ikuya , Oyaizu Hiroshi , Hashimoto Yasuhiro , Ezaki Takayuki , Yamamoto Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBased on the partial nucleotide sequence analysis of 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA), presence of unique sphingoglycolipids in cellular lipid, and the major type of ubiquinone (Q10), we propose Sphingomonas gen. nov. with the type species Sphingomonas paucimobilis (Holmes et al, 1977) comb. nov. From the homology values of deoxyribonucleic acid‐deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization and the phenotypic characteristics, three new species, Sphingomonas parapaucimobilis, Sphingomonas yanoikuyae, Sphingomonas adhaesiva, and one new combination, Sphingomonas capsulata, are described. S. par apaucimobilis JCM 7510 (=GIFU 11387), S. yanoikuyae JCM 7371 (=GIFU 9882), and S. adhaesiva JCM 7370 (=GIFU 11458) are designated as the type strains of the three new species. Emended description of the type strain of S. capsulata is presented.
Chemical Characterization of Lipopolysaccharides from Proteus Strains Used in Weil‐Felix Test
Authors: Mizushiri Sakae , Amano Ken‐Ichi , Fujii Shumsaku , Fukushi Kazue , Watanabe Mitsuru 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe lipopolysaccharides (LPS) extracted from Proteus strains OX2, OX19, and OXK used as antigens in the Weil‐Felix test, were characterized by chemical analysis and SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE). To separate the O‐polysaccharide, core‐oligosaccharide, and lipid A moieties, each LPS was treated with 2% acetic acid, centrifuged, and applied to Sephadex G‐50 column. The core‐oligosaccharides contained L‐glycero‐D‐mannoheptose, D‐glycero‐D‐man‐noheptose, glucose (Glc), galactose, 3‐deoxy‐D‐mannooctulosonic acid, uronic acid, phosphate, glucosamine (GlcN), and galactosamine (GalN). The lipid A preparations contained GlcN, GlcN‐phosphate, and three fatty acids (myristic, palmitic, and β‐hydroxymyristic acids). However, the O‐polysaccharides of OX2‐ and OXK‐LPS had different chemical compositions which consisted of Glc, GlcN, and quinovosamine, and Glc, uronic acid, and GalN, respectively, while OX19‐LPS seemed to lack O‐polysaccharide.
Immunological Characterization of Lipopolysaccharides from Proteus Strains Used in Weil‐Felix Test and Reactivity with Patient Sera of Tsutsugamushi Diseases
Authors: Amano Ken‐Ichi , Mizushiri Sakae , Fujii Shunsaku , Fukushi Kazue , Suto Tsunehisa 
Published: November 2013

AbstractImmunological analyses of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) isolated from Proteus strains OX2, OX19, and OXK used as antigens of Weil‐Felix (WF) test, were performed by quantitative agglutination, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunoblotting. Antisera against LPS and whole cells (WC) of the three Proteus strains reacted with homologous LPS but not with heterologous LPS. and the reaction was inhibited by the O‐polysaccharide fraction isolated from the homologous LPS except OX19‐LPS. which lacked O‐polysaccharide moiety. The immunological data support the findings that the O‐polysaccharide moieties of LPS from OX2 and OXK strains possess different chemical composition (Mizushiri, Amano, Fujii, Fukushi, and Watanabe, Microbiol. Immunol. 34: 121 133, 1990). Antisera against Proteus strains reacted weakly with WC of Rickettsia prowazekii, Rickettsia typhi, and Rickettsia tsutsugamushi. Antisera from patients with tsutsugamushi disease reacted with OXK‐WC by WF test when the sera were obtained 13 days after onset of fever. The immunoperoxidase (IP) test titers of these antisera began to rise 6 days after the onset of fever. By ELISA tests these antisera reacted with OXK‐WC and OXK‐LPS independently of the titers of WF or IP tests.
Cytotoxic Component(s) of Klebsiella oxytoca on HEp‐2 Cells
Authors: Higaki Megumu , Chida Toshio , Takano Hideko , Nakaya Rintaro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA cytotoxic component(s) was detected in culture filtrates of Klebsiella oxytoca isolated from patients with antibiotic‐associated hemorrhagic colitis. Eleven of 12 isolates exhibited cytotoxicity on HEp‐2 cells. The cytotoxic activity of K. oxytoca strain MH43‐1 was stable for the treatment of 60 C for 30 min, but inactivated by the treatment of 100 C for 15 min. This cytotoxicity was not destroyed by the treatment with trypsin or pronase, and the component was filtrable through a membrane filter which cut off molecular weight 5,000.
Study of Seroconversion of Antibody to Human T‐Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type‐I in Children of Okinawa, Japan
Authors: Kajiyama Wataru , Kashiwagi Seizaburo , Hayashi Jum , Nomura Hideyuki , Ikematsu Hideyuki , Noguchi Akinori , Nakashima Kouya , Okochi Kazuo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFrom 1983 to 1986, 1,813 children in nursery schools in Ishigaki Island and 1,228 children under 15 years old in the rural area in the Yaeyama District of Okinawa, Japan. were tested for anti‐HTLV‐I; 18 children (1.0%) in Ishigaki Island and 39 children (3.2%) in the rural area were positive. In order to survey when anti‐HTLV‐I developed in these children, their older serum samples were investigated retrospectively for 1 to 5 years. Two cases of seroconversion from anti‐HTLV‐I negative to positive were found between the age of 2 and 4, and there were no cases of seroconversion over 4 years old. Among the children who suffered maternal transmission of HTLV‐I and developed anti‐HTLV‐I before the age of 15, about 80% of the children were considered to have anti‐HTLV‐I before the age of 2, and the remainder developed anti‐HTLV‐I before the age of 4.
Forssman Antigen Expressed on Lymph Node Cells of MRL/MpJ‐lpr/lpr Mice Is of a Glycoprotein Nature
Authors: Kijimoto‐Ochiai Shigeko , Tashiro Akiko , Katagiri Yohko U. , Hatae Taiko , Kobayashi Seiichi , Okuyama Harue 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis paper reports the nature of abnormally expressed Forssman (F) antigen in the lymph node cells of MRL/MpJ‐lpr/lpr, autoimmune mice, and also reports its autoantibody in sera. By acetylation study of the F antigen with [14C] acetic anhydride, we concluded that the F antigen was not a glycolipid but a glycoprotein. Several bands of F‐active glycoproteins were identified on a nitrocellulose sheet after purification by an anti‐F antibody affinity column. Hemolysis of SRBC by some sera from MRL/MpJ/lpr/lpr was inhibited by purified F glycoprotein and also by F glycolipid. The antibody in the serum, however, seemed to be more specific for F glycoproteins than F glycolipid, but the opposite was the case for rabbit anti‐F glycolipid antibody. No significant difference of the SRBC hemolysis levels was observed between the sera from MRL/MpJ‐lpr/lpr and its congenic MRL/MpJ‐+/ + mice.
Enhancement of DTH Response by Cholera Toxin B Subunit Inoculated Intranasally Together with Influenza HA Vaccine
Authors: Kikuta Kiyoshi , Kurata Hideki , Nagamine Takashi , Aizawa Chikara , Ueno Yoshio , Kurata Takeshi , Tamura Shin‐Ichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe effects of B subunit of cholera toxin (CTB) on delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to influenza vaccine derived from influenza virus A/PR/ 8/34 (PR‐8, H1N1) virus were investigated in B10 mice that were immunized intranasally with both influenza vaccine and CTB. The result showed [1] that intranasal inoculation of this combination augmented DTH response to influenza vaccine, which reached its peak 6 days after inoculation, and also induced accelerated DTH response upon a second inoculation of influenza vaccine alone 4 weeks later, [2] that the cross‐reactive DTH response to PR‐8 vaccine was elicited by the injection of the different influenza A‐type virus vaccine into the footpad of the vaccinated mice, but was not by influenza B‐type virus vaccine, [3] that the DTH‐mediating T cells were detected selectively in the lungs of mice that received the nasal inoculation of the vaccine and CTB together, but that subcutaneous inoculation of this combination failed to induce DTH‐mediating T cells in the lungs. These results, together with the previous papers (Tamura et al, Vaccine 7: 257–262; 314–320, 1989), suggest that CTB could augment both humoral and DTH responses against influenza vaccine in the respiratory mucosal tract.
The Polymerase Chain Reaction for Mycoplasma pulmonis
Authors: Harasawa Ryô , Koshimizu Kaoru , Uemori Takashi , Takeda Osamu , Asada Kiyozo , Kato Ikunoshin 
Published: November 2013

Abstractin vitro DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction was examined to detect Mycoplasma pulmonis. A pair of synthetic oligonucleotide primers was constructed, and used to amplify a unique sequence of M. pulmonis DNA. Amplified products were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis and verified by blot hybridization with a synthetic oligonucleotide probe. This system detected cellular DNA of M. pulmonis but not M. arthritidis or M. neurolyticum, and thus appears to be useful for M. pulmonis diagnosis.
New Invasive Serotype of Escherichia coli
Authors: Mendes Edilberto Nogueira , de Magalhães Queiroz Dulciene Maria , Toledo Maria Regina Fernandes , Trabulsi Luiz Rachid 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA new invasive Escherichia coli strain which presented delayed or variable reactions in lactose, mucate, and acetate tests is described. It did not agglutinate with antisera for all known E. coli and Shigella groups A, B, C, D, and provisional Shigella serovar. We propose the designation of E. coli BH until the situation of its 0 antigen is settled.
Production of Monoclonal Antibody to Bovine Leukemia Virus Glycoprotein gp51 by in vitro Immunization
Authors: Sasaki Osamu , Tanaka Masayuki , Okabe Tatsuji , Imanishi Jiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe monoclonal antibody against glycoprotein gp51 of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) envelope antigen was produced by in vitro immunization. This monoclonal antibody reacted with viral antigen was observed at the 69 kilodalton (kDa) glycoprotein. However, this monoclonal antibody was not involved in neutralizing. It was shown that in comparison with in vivo immunization, in vitro immunization has some advantages, namely a short immunization period and a small antigen quantity.
Effect of Cytokines on Japanese Encephalitis Virus Production by Human Monocytes
Authors: Hasegawa Hitoshi , Satake Yoichirou , Kobayashi Yuzuru 
Published: November 2013

AbstractJapanese encephalitis (JE) virus was shown to grow in in vitro cultures of human monocytes. Interferon (IFN)‐α and IFN‐γ inhibited JE virus production by the infected monocytes in the absence of anti‐JE virus antibody, but interleukin (IL)‐1α, IL‐2, IL‐3, granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF), granulocyte‐CSF (G‐CSF), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α did not show a significant inhibition. Antibody against JE virus increased the JE virus production by the infected monocytes probably by enhanced uptake of virus‐antibody complexes via Fc receptors. IFN‐γ and GM‐CSF increased JE virus production by monocytes in the presence of anti‐JE virus antibody, whereas IFN‐α inhibited JE virus production even in the presence of the antibody. The other 5 cytokines (IL‐1α, IL‐2, IL‐3, G‐CSF, and TNF‐α) did not show a significant effect on JE virus production by monocytes in the presence or absence of the antibody.