bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association of hypertension with periodontitis is highlighted in female adults: results from the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Ahn Yoo‐Been , Shin Myung‐Seop , Byun Jong‐Seok , Kim Hyun‐Duck 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimTo evaluate the association of hypertension and high systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) with periodontitis in a nationally representative Korean adult population.Materials and MethodsTotal of 14,625 participants of Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV) aged over 19 years were cross‐sectionally surveyed. Periodontitis was defined as CPI score of 3 or 4. Hypertension was categorized as: normotensive (SBP < 120 mmHg and DBP < 80 mmHg), pre‐hypertensive (120 < SBP < 140 mmHg or 80 < DBP < 90 mmHg) and hypertensive (SBP ≥ 140 mmHg or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg or taking antihypertensive medication). Multivariate Poisson regression analyses were performed controlling for age, sex, household income, drinking, smoking, physical activity, obesity, hypercholesterolaemia and diabetes mellitus. Stratified analyses were performed to identify specific risk groups.ResultsHypertension showed a significant positive association with periodontitis in the fully adjusted model in female adults with a dose–response relationship. This association was highlighted in females aged 30–59 years (prevalence ratio = 1.25; 95% confidence interval: 1.11–1.40). The strength of the association was highest in females aged 30–39 years and decreased with increasing age. Among females aged 30–59 years, high‐risk groups of this link were lower middle income quartile, never drinker and non‐diabetes groups for both pre‐hypertension and hypertension.ConclusionOur data showed that hypertension was associated with periodontitis in Korean female adults independent of known confounders.
Hospice Services for Complicated Grief and Depression: Results from a National Survey
Authors: Ghesquiere Angela R. , Aldridge Melissa D. , Johnson‐Hürzeler Rosemary , Kaplan Daniel , Bruce Martha L. , Bradley Elizabeth 
Published: October 2015

ObjectivesTo describe the prevalence of screening for complicated grief (CG) and depression in hospice and access to bereavement therapy and to examine whether screening and access to therapy varied according to hospice organizational characteristics or staff training and involvement.DesignCross‐sectional national survey conducted from 2008 to 2009.SettingUnited States.ParticipantsHospices (N = 591).MeasurementsWhether hospices screened for depression or CG at the time of death or provided access to bereavement therapy (individual or group). Organizational characteristics included region, chain status, ownership, and patient volume. Staffing‐related variables included training length and meeting attendance requirements.ResultsFifty‐five percent of hospices provided screening for CG and depression and access to bereavement therapy, 13% provided screening but not access to bereavement therapy, 24% provided access to bereavement therapy but not screening, and 8% neither screened nor provided access to bereavement therapy. Hospices with 100 patients per day or more were significantly more likely to provide screening and access to bereavement therapy.ConclusionHospices appear to have high capacity to provide screening for CG and depression and to deliver group and individual therapy, but data are needed on whether screeners are evidence based and whether therapy addresses CG or depression specifically. Future work could build upon existing infrastructure to ensure use of well‐validated screeners and evidence‐based therapies.
Federal Legal Preparedness Tools for Facilitating Medical Countermeasure Use during Public Health Emergencies
Authors: Courtney Brooke , Sherman Susan , Penn Matthew 
Published: October 2015

Law can greatly facilitate responses to public health emergencies, including naturally-occurring infectious disease outbreaks and intentional or accidental exposures to chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear (CBRN) agents. At the federal level, the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), as the lead for federal public health and medical responses to public health emergencies and incidents, has a range of authorities to support federal, state, tribal, local, and territorial responses. For example, under the Public Health Service (PHS) Act, the Secretary may provide temporary assistance to States to meet health emergency needs or deploy medicine and supplies from the Strategic National Stockpile. The Secretary also may determine that a disease or disorder presents a public health emergency, which may be the first step in triggering other critical legal authorities for response.Since the 2001 anthrax attacks, one focus of public health preparedness has been on developing, distributing, and rapidly dispensing medical countermeasures (MCMs) for CBRN emergencies and pandemics.
Approval and Withdrawal of New Antibiotics and other Antiinfectives in the U.S., 1980–2009
Authors: Outterson Kevin , Powers John H. , Seoane-Vazquez Enrique , Rodriguez-Monguio Rosa , Kesselheim Aaron S. 
Published: October 2015

Antibiotic use triggers evolutionary and ecological responses from bacteria, leading to antibiotic resistance and harmful patient outcomes. Two complementary strategies support long-term antibiotic effectiveness: conservation of existing therapies and production of novel antibiotics. Conservation encompasses infection control, antibiotic stewardship, and other public health interventions to prevent infection, which reduce antibiotic demand. Production of new antibiotics allows physicians to replace existing drugs rendered less effective by resistance.In recent years, physicians and policymakers have raised concerns about the pipeline for new antibiotics, pointing to a decline in the number of antibiotics approved since the 1980s. This trend has been attributed to high research and development costs, low reimbursement for antibiotics, and regulatory standards for review and approval. Professional societies and researchers around the world have called for renewed emphasis on antimicrobial stewardship, while also supporting antibiotic research and development through grants, changes to intellectual property laws to extend market exclusivity periods, and modification of premarket testing regulations to reduce antibiotic development time and expenses.
Care Coordination and the Expansion of Nursing Scopes of Practice
Authors: Yang Y. Tony , Meiners Mark R. 
Published: October 2015

Recent developments in the health care industry have precipitated a new wave of interest in expanding the scope of practice for nursing. This is because the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), broadly designed to increase access to health insurance, will inevitably result in increased demand for primary care providers. And with compensation for primary care physicians already lagging far behind that of specialists, the role of nurse practitioners is once again receiving increased attention as a viable means by which to ease the pressure for access to health care.But the economics of this trade-off are controversial. On one hand, it sets primary care physicians at odds with specialists; namely, if the ultimate goal is to “bend the cost curve downward,” should specialist compensation be reduced in order to increase spending on primary care?
The Global Innovation Model for Antibiotics Needs Reinvention
Authors: Balasegaram Manica , Clift Charles , Røttingen John-Arne 
Published: October 2015

The dangers presented by antibiotic resistance (ABR) have now established themselves as a global health security issue. From an international policy perspective, three key pillars have been established: responsible access, conservation, and innovation. These pillars are intrinsically linked, meaning that any attempt to address one must take into account the implications for the other two.An urgent need exists to address the innovation failure in ABR. In the field of anti-bacterials, the pipeline remains anemic in terms of therapeutics with novel mechanisms of action, new drug classes and strategies involving radically different, innovative approaches. The key reasons for this failure have already been well established. The slow development of new antibiotics is the result of a poor and uncertain commercial market and scientific challenges in research and development (R&D).
Lessons Learned Preparing Volunteer Midwives for Service in Haiti: After the Earthquake
Authors: O'Malley Floyd Barbara 
Published: October 2015

IntroductionMidwives for Haiti is an organization that focuses on the education and training of skilled birth attendants in Haiti, a country with a high rate of maternal and infant mortality and where only 26% of births are attended by skilled health workers. Following the 2010 earthquake, Midwives for Haiti received requests to expand services and numerous professional midwives answered the call to volunteer. This author was one of those volunteers. The purpose of the study was: 1) to develop a description of the program's strengths and its deficits in order to determine if there was a need to improve the preparation of volunteers prior to service and 2) to make recommendations aimed at strengthening the volunteers' contributions to the education of Haiti and auxiliary midwives.MethodsThree distinct but closely related questionnaires were developed to survey Haitian students, staff midwives, and volunteers who served with Midwives for Haiti. Questions were designed to elicit information about how well the volunteers were prepared for their experience, the effectiveness of translation services, and suggestions for improving the preparation of volunteers and strengthening the education program.ResultsAnalysis of the surveys of volunteers, staff, midwives, and the Haitian students generated several common themes. The 3 groups agreed that the volunteers made an effective contribution to the program of education and that the volunteer midwives need more preparation prior to serving in Haiti. The 3 groups also agreed on the need for better translators and recommended more structure to the education program.DiscussionThe results of this study are significant to international health care organizations that use volunteer health care professionals to provide services. The results support a growing body of knowledge that international health aid organizations may use to strengthen the preparation, support, and effectiveness of volunteer health providers.
Group Prenatal Care: Model Fidelity and Outcomes
Authors: Novick Gina , Reid Allecia E. , Lewis Jessica , Kershaw Trace , Rising Sharon S. , Ickovics Jeannette R. 
Published: October 2015

PurposeTo study the association of process and content fidelity to the CenteringPregnancy model with perinatal outcomes. We examined 2 types of fidelity: process fidelity reflected how facilitative leaders were and how involved participants were in each session, and content fidelity reflected whether recommended content was discussed in each group session.HypothesesWe hypothesized that participants in CenteringPregnancy groups with higher fidelity to facilitative group process and to content recommendations would have a lower likelihood of preterm birth, more adequate care, and higher likelihood of initiating breastfeeding.Significance/BackgroundCenteringPregnancy provides prenatal care to women in groups. In a randomized controlled trial comparing CenteringPregnancy with individual care, CenteringPregnancy reduced the likelihood of preterm birth by 33%, reduced the likelihood of inadequate care, and increased breastfeeding initiation. This model, therefore, shows promise for improving perinatal outcomes, particularly the intractable problem of preterm birth. However, there is likely variation in how the model is implemented in clinical practice, which may be associated with efficacy and, therefore, variation in outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of data from the clinical trial that demonstrated improved rates of preterm birth, adequate care, and breastfeeding initiation in women receiving CenteringPregnancy care. The sample included 519 women aged 14 to 25 years receiving group prenatal care in 2 urban clinics. Fidelity was rated at each group prenatal care session by a trained researcher. Preterm birth and adequacy of care were abstracted from medical records. Participants self‐reported breastfeeding initiation 6 months postpartum.FindingsControlling for clinical predictors, greater process fidelity was associated with significantly lower odds of both preterm birth (B = –0.43, Wald χ2 = 8.65, P = .001) and excessive utilization of care (B = –0.29, Wald χ2 = 3.91, P = .05). Greater content fidelity was associated with lower odds of excessive utilization of care (B = –0.03, Wald χ2 = 9.31, P = .001).DiscussionUnderstanding the impact of fidelity to the CenteringPregnancy model can contribute to developing a better understanding of how to implement this model to further enhance outcomes. Training in facilitative leadership for group prenatal care should include developing an awareness of the critical role that creating a participatory atmosphere may have in improving outcomes and reassurance that content suggestions are simply recommendations, not requirements.
Stock Market Volatility and Learning
Authors: ADAM KLAUS , MARCET ALBERT , NICOLINI JUAN PABLO 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTWe show that consumption‐based asset pricing models with time‐separable preferences generate realistic amounts of stock price volatility if one allows for small deviations from rational expectations. Rational investors with subjective beliefs about price behavior optimally learn from past price observations. This imparts momentum and mean reversion into stock prices. The model quantitatively accounts for the volatility of returns, the volatility and persistence of the price‐dividend ratio, and the predictability of long‐horizon returns. It passes a formal statistical test for the overall fit of a set of moments provided one excludes the equity premium.
Compensating Financial Experts
Authors: GLODE VINCENT , LOWERY RICHARD 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTWe propose a labor market model in which financial firms compete for a scarce supply of workers who can be employed as either bankers or traders. While hiring bankers helps create a surplus that can be split between a firm and its trading counterparties, hiring traders helps the firm appropriate a greater share of that surplus away from its counterparties. Firms bid defensively for workers bound to become traders, who then earn more than bankers. As counterparties employ more traders, the benefit of employing bankers decreases. The model sheds light on the historical evolution of compensation in finance.
Effects of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation on ovarian reserve of patients with diminished ovarian reserve in in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer cycles
Authors: Zheng Ying , Feng Xiaojun , Mi Hui , Yao Yi , Zhao Yu , Li Jing , Jiao Jiao , Gong Ailing , Sun Wei , Deng Xiaohui 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on ovarian reserve in patients with diminished ovarian reserve undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.Material and MethodsA total of 240 patients were randomly divided into the Han's acupoint nerve stimulator TEAS treatment (TES), comforting false Han's placebo (FHP), artificial endometrial cycle treatment (AEC), and control (CON) groups.ResultsFifty‐six patients in TES, 56 in FHP, 54 in AEC, and 60 in CON fulfilled the study, respectively. Antral follicle count and anti‐Müllerian hormone levels were increased, whereas the estradiol level, follicle‐stimulating hormone level, and follicle‐stimulating hormone/luteinizing hormone ratio were significantly decreased after treatment in the TES and AEC groups. After treatment, the number of oocytes retrieved and average number of embryos transferred were higher in the TES and AEC than in the CON and FHP groups. Clinical pregnancy rate in the TES group was markedly higher than values obtained for the other three groups.ConclusionTEAS and AEC treatments could improve basal endocrine levels in patients, and increase the number of oocytes retrieved and high‐quality embryos. TEAS treatment could improve the clinical pregnancy rate in patients with decreased ovarian reserve during in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer cycles.
Immunoglobulin G4‐related disease presenting as bilateral ovarian masses and mimicking advanced ovarian cancer
Authors: Maruyama Shunsuke , Sato Yukiyasu , Taga Atsuko , Emoto Ikuko , Shirase Tomoyuki , Haga Hironori 
Published: October 2015

AbstractImmunoglobulin G4‐related disease (IgG4‐RD) is characterized by extensive infiltration of IgG4+ plasma cells and fibrosis in various organs. However, the involvement of the ovary in IgG4‐RD has never been reported. A 59‐year‐old woman presented with urinary retention. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography revealed a huge multinodular pelvic mass and common iliac/para‐aortic lymph node swelling. A laparotomy was performed under the suspicion of advanced ovarian cancer, and the pelvic mass was identified as ovary in origin. Histopathology of the excised tumor revealed massive lymphoplasmacytic infiltration (>90% were IgG4+ plasma cells), storiform fibrosis, and obliterative phlebitis; thus leading to a diagnosis of IgG4‐RD. We conclude that IgG4‐RD can present as a bilateral ovarian mass along with lymphadenopathy, therefore mimicking ovarian cancer.
Creatine and creatinine contents in different diet types for dogs – effects of source and processing
Authors: Dobenecker B. , Braun U. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThe concentrations of creatine and its degradation product creatinine were determined in a variety of unprocessed as well as processed feedstuffs suitable for dogs. Unprocessed feedstuffs were categorised as single feedstuffs, bone and raw food diets (BARF), and small vertebrates, for example prey animals. Processed feedstuffs were categorised as meat/meat and bone meals, complete wet diets and complete dry diets. The feedstuffs were chosen to cover a broad range of each of the three defined processed and unprocessed feed categories available on the market without further subclustering. The creatine content of the samples was compared on a dry matter, protein and energy basis. The relation of creatine to crude protein permitted a rating of the meat quality in terms of muscle tissue. Results: We found no difference in creatine concentrations between the three categories of unprocessed feedstuffs (raw single feedstuffs, prey and BARF diets), neither on a dry matter basis nor when expressed relative to crude protein and metabolisable energy respectively. Significantly lower levels were determined in meat/meat and bone meal and commercial dry diets (e.g. 303 mg creatine/MJ ME in unprocessed vs. 6 mg/MJ ME in processed feedstuffs; p < 0.001). We conclude that in relation to ME, the exclusive use of conventionally processed diets for dogs, especially dry diets, leads to considerably lower intake of creatine which is a natural compound of the diet of this carnivorous and omnivorous species.
Who is more likely to respond to dual treatment with pegylated‐interferon and ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C? A gender‐oriented analysis
Authors: Di Marco V. , Covolo L. , Calvaruso V. , Levrero M. , Puoti M. , Suter F. , Gaeta G. B. , Ferrari C. , Raimondo G. , Fattovich G. , Santantonio T. , Alberti A. , Bruno R. , Mussini C. , Mondelli M. , Donato F. , Craxì A. ,   Multicenter Italian Group for the Study of Hepatitis C
Published: October 2015

SummaryWe assessed, in real‐life practice, viral, demographic, genetic and metabolic factors influencing the sustained virologic response (SVR), with a gender‐oriented analysis, in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) treated with pegylated interferon and ribavirin. Six hundred and seventy naïve patients were treated with dual therapy and evaluated by gender and HCV genotype. Associations between baseline variables and SVR were assessed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Among 362 genotype 1 patients, SVR was achieved in 158 patients (44%), and SVR was independently associated with age less than 50 years (OR 2.12; 95% CI 1.09–4.30; P = 0.039) and C/C genotype rs12979860 SNP (OR 2.83; 1.19–6.74; P = 0.002) in 163 females, while absence of visceral obesity (OR 2.491; 1.131–5.487; P = 0.023), HCV‐RNA lower than 400 000 IU/mL (OR 2.66; 1.273–5.558; P = 0.009) and C/C genotype rs12979860 SNP (OR 4.969; 2.401–10.283; P < 0.001) were independently associated with SVR in 199 males. Combining favourable baseline variables, the probability of obtaining SVR ranged from 27.6% to 84.2% in females, and from 14.3% to 85.7% in males. The rate of SVR was 81.1% in 175 genotype 2 patients, and 69% in 100 genotype 3 patients. Rapid virologic response was the only valid predictor of SVR regardless of other features. In conclusions, in the setting of HCV genotype 1, chronic hepatitis, combining rapid virologic response and predictive factors, which are different for females and males, allows clinicians to single out a group of patients whose likelihood of SVR exceeds 80%. For these patients, triple therapy with first‐generation protease inhibitors may be unwarranted.
The new paradigm of hepatitis C therapy: integration of oral therapies into best practices
Authors: Afdhal N. H. , Zeuzem S. , Schooley R. T. , Thomas D. L. , Ward J. W. , Litwin A. H. , Razavi H. , Castera L. , Poynard T. , Muir A. , Mehta S. H. , Dee L. , Graham C. , Church D. R. , Talal A. H. , Sulkowski M. S. , Jacobson I. M. ,   for the New Paradigm of HCV Therapy Meeting Participants
Published: October 2015

SummaryEmerging data indicate that all‐oral antiviral treatments for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) will become a reality in the near future. In replacing interferon‐based therapies, all‐oral regimens are expected to be more tolerable, more effective, shorter in duration and simpler to administer. Coinciding with new treatment options are novel methodologies for disease screening and staging, which create the possibility of more timely care and treatment. Assessments of histologic damage typically are performed using liver biopsy, yet noninvasive assessments of histologic damage have become the norm in some European countries and are becoming more widespread in the United States. Also in place are new Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) initiatives to simplify testing, improve provider and patient awareness and expand recommendations for HCV screening beyond risk‐based strategies. Issued in 2012, the CDC recommendations aim to increase HCV testing among those with the greatest HCV burden in the United States by recommending one‐time testing for all persons born during 1945–1965. In 2013, the United States Preventive Services Task Force adopted similar recommendations for risk‐based and birth‐cohort‐based testing. Taken together, the developments in screening, diagnosis and treatment will likely increase demand for therapy and stimulate a shift in delivery of care related to chronic HCV, with increased involvement of primary care and infectious disease specialists. Yet even in this new era of therapy, barriers to curing patients of HCV will exist. Overcoming such barriers will require novel, integrative strategies and investment of resources at local, regional and national levels.