bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective study of patterns of surgical management in adults with primary cutaneous melanoma at high risk of spread, in Queensland, Australia
Authors: Smithers B. Mark , Hughes Maria Celia B. , Beesley Vanessa L. , Barbour Andrew P. , Malt Maryrose K. , Weedon David , Zonta Mark J. , Wood Dominic J. , Triscott Joseph A. , Bayley Gerard J. , Brown Lee J. , Allan Christopher P. , D'Arcy Justin , Williamson Richard , Khosrotehrani Kiarash , Green Adèle C. 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundKnowledge of variation in diagnosis and surgery in high‐risk primary melanoma patients is limited. We assessed frequency and determinants of diagnostic procedures, wide local excision (WLE) and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB).MethodsPeople in Queensland newly diagnosed with melanoma, clinical stage 1b or 2, were recruited prospectively. Patient information was collected from questionnaires and pathology records. Differences in surgical procedures in relation to host and tumor characteristics were assessed.ResultsIn 787 participants, primary melanoma was diagnosed by surgical excision (74%), shave (14%), punch (12%) or incisional (1%) biopsy. General practitioners (GPs) diagnosed 80%. Diagnostic procedure differed by remoteness of residence, health sector, treating doctor's specialty and melanoma site and thickness. 766 patients had WLE, 86% by surgeons. Of 134 residual melanomas, 13 (10%) were ≤ 1 mm at diagnosis but > 1 mm at WLE, mostly after shave biopsy. SLNB was performed in 261 (33%) patients. SLNB was more common in those under 50, in remoter locations or treated by GP initially, and less common with head and neck melanoma.ConclusionDiagnostic and surgical procedures for primary melanoma vary substantially and partial biopsy can influence initial tumor microstaging. Patient, tumor and doctor characteristics influence SLNB practice. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015; 112:359–365. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Conditional Ultrasound Sensitivity of Poly[(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐co‐(vinyl imidazole)] Microgels for Controlled Lipase Release
Authors: Vukićević Radovan , Neffe Axel T. , Luetzow Karola , Pierce Benjamin F. , Lendlein Andreas 
Published: August 2015

Triggering the release of cargo from a polymer network by ultrasonication as an external, noninvasive stimulus can be an interesting concept for on‐demand release. Here, it is shown that, in pH‐ and thermosensitive microgels, the ultrasound sensitivity of the polymer network depends on the external conditions. Crosslinked poly[(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐co‐(vinyl imidazole)] microgels showed a volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) of 25–50 °C, which increases with decreasing pH. Above the VPTT the polymer chains are collapsed, while below VPTT they are extended. Only in the case of maximum observed swelling, where the polymer chains are expanded, the microgels are mechanically fragmented through ultrasonication. In contrast, when the polymer chains are partially collapsed it is not possible to manipulate the microgels by ultrasound. Additionally, the ultrasound‐induced on‐demand release of wheat germ lipase from the microgels could be demonstrated successfully. The principle of conditional ultrasound sensitivity is likely to be general and can be used for selection of matrix–cargo combinations.
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Preconditioned HSS method for large multilevel block Toeplitz linear systems via the notion of matrix‐valued symbol
Authors: Donatelli Marco , Garoni Carlo , Mazza Mariarosa , Serra‐Capizzano Stefano , Sesana Debora 
Published: August 2015

SummaryWe perform a spectral analysis of the preconditioned Hermitian/skew‐Hermitian splitting (PHSS) method applied to multilevel block Toeplitz linear systems in which the coefficient matrix Tn(f) is associated with a Lebesgue integrable matrix‐valued function f. When the preconditioner is chosen as a Hermitian positive definite multilevel block Toeplitz matrix Tn(g), the resulting sequence of PHSS iteration matrices Mn belongs to the generalized locally Toeplitz class. In this case, we are able to compute the symbol ϕ(f,g) describing the asymptotic eigenvalue distribution of Mnwhen n→∞ and the matrix size diverges. By minimizing the infinity norm of the spectral radius of the symbol ϕ(f,g), we are also able to identify effective PHSS preconditioners Tn(g) for the matrix Tn(f). A number of numerical experiments are presented and commented, showing that the theoretical results are confirmed and that the spectral analysis leads to efficient PHSS methods. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metastatic Low‐Grade Gliomas in Children: 20 Years' Experience at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
Authors: Chamdine Omar , Broniscer Alberto , Wu Shengjie , Gajjar Amar , Qaddoumi Ibrahim 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundPatients with low‐grade gliomas (LGG), which are the most common childhood brain tumors, have excellent long‐term survival. Dissemination of LGG is rare. Robust data on the incidence, presentation, patterns of dissemination, disease behavior, outcome, and best‐management approaches do not exist. We describe 20 years of follow‐up of children with metastatic LGG.ProcedureData collected during the period 1990–2010 were retrospectively reviewed for the following inclusion criteria: diagnosis of metastatic LGG, age younger than 21 years at initial diagnosis, and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and/or spine at diagnosis and/or follow‐up. Patient demographics, pathology, treatment modalities, and outcome were reviewed.ResultsOf 599 patients with LGG, 38 (6%) had metastatic disease at either diagnosis or follow‐up. Most tumors (87%) were located in the brain, and half of the patients had metastatic disease at presentation. The most common diagnosis was pilocytic astrocytoma (55%). Chemotherapy was the most common initial treatment modality. Median survival of the group was 6.2 years (range, 0.1–16.9 years). Fifteen (40%) patients died at a median of 6 years from diagnosis (range, 0.8–15 years). Overall survival at 5, 10, and 15 years was 80.7 ± 6.6%, 63.0 ± 10.2%, and 50.9 ± 16.0%, respectively.ConclusionThis study describes the longest follow‐up of children with metastatic LGG. LGG is underestimated and entails major morbidity and mortality. Prospective studies are needed to learn the true incidence, study the biology, and determine the best approaches to diagnosis, treatment, and follow‐up. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015; 9999:1–9. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Radical polymerization behavior and molecular weight development of homologous monoacrylate monomers in lyotropic liquid crystal phases
Authors: DePierro Michael A. , Baguenard Céline , Allan Guymon C. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTPolymerization in highly ordered lyotropic liquid‐crystalline (LLC) media enables controllable synthesis of polymers possessing interesting nanostructure and physical properties. This study investigates the radical polymerization rate and molecular weight (MW) development of monoacrylates of different aliphatic tail length in a range of LLC phases. Polymerization rate data were acquired using photodifferential scanning calorimetry, and linear polymer MW was determined with gel permeation chromatography. Polymerization occurs much more rapidly, and higher MW is attained in the ordered LLC phases relative to isotropic solutions and neat polymerization. These properties change significantly as a function of LLC phase and monomer structure. A direct relationship is observed between polymer MW formation and the polymerization rate. Definitive changes in rate and MW were observed at phase boundaries, indicating the important role of solvent order. This study demonstrates how solvent ordering effects can be used to control polymer MW and rate of polymerization. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 144–154
Insights into electron leakage in the reaction cycle of cytochrome P450 BM3 revealed by kinetic modeling and mutagenesis
Authors: Lim Joseph B. , Barker Kimberly A. , Eller Kristen A. , Jiang Linda , Molina Veronica , Saifee Jessica F. , Sikes Hadley D. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAs a single polypeptide, cytochrome P450 BM3 fuses oxidase and reductase domains and couples each domain's function to perform catalysis with exceptional activity upon binding of substrate for hydroxylation. Mutations introduced into the enzyme to change its substrate specificity often decrease coupling efficiency between the two domains, resulting in unproductive consumption of cofactors and formation of water and/or reactive species. This phenomenon can correlate with leakage, in which P450 BM3 uses electrons from NADPH to reduce oxygen to water and/or reactive species even without bound substrate. The physical basis for leakage is not yet well understood in this particular member of the cytochrome P450 family. To clarify the relationship between leakage and coupling, we used simulations to illustrate how different combinations of kinetic parameters related to substrate‐free consumption of NADPH and substrate hydroxylation can lead to either minimal effects on coupling or a dramatic decrease in coupling as a result of leakage. We explored leakage in P450 BM3 by introducing leakage‐enhancing mutations and combining these mutations to assess whether doing so increases leakage further. The variants in this study provide evidence that while a transition to high spin may be vital for coupled hydroxylation, it is not required for enhanced leakage; substrate binding and the consequent shift in spin state are not necessary as a redox switch for catalytic oxidation of NADPH. Additionally, the variants in this study suggest a tradeoff between leakage and stability and thus evolvability, as the mutations we investigated were far more deleterious than other mutations that have been used to change substrate specificity.
Electrostatic steering enhances the rate of cAMP binding to phosphodiesterase: Brownian dynamics modeling
Authors: Huang Yu‐ming M. , Huber Gary , Andrew McCammon J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSignaling in cells often involves co‐localization of the signaling molecules. Most experimental evidence has shown that intracellular compartmentalization restricts the range of action of the second messenger, 3'‐5'‐cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which is degraded by phosphodiesterases (PDEs). The objective of this study is to understand the details of molecular encounter that may play a role in efficient operation of the cAMP signaling apparatus. The results from electrostatic potential calculations and Brownian dynamics simulations suggest that positive potential of the active site from PDE enhances capture of diffusing cAMP molecules. This electrostatic steering between cAMP and the active site of a PDE plays a major role in the enzyme‐substrate encounter, an effect that may be of significance in sequestering cAMP released from a nearby binding site or in attracting more freely diffusing cAMP molecules.
Examination of the dynamic assembly equilibrium for E. coli ClpB
Authors: Lin JiaBei , Lucius Aaron L. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTEscherichia coli ClpB is a heat shock protein that belongs to the AAA+ protein superfamily. Studies have shown that ClpB and its homologue in yeast, Hsp104, can disrupt protein aggregates in vivo. It is thought that ClpB requires binding of nucleoside triphosphate to assemble into hexameric rings with protein binding activity. In addition, it is widely assumed that ClpB is uniformly hexameric in the presence of nucleotides. Here we report, in the absence of nucleotide, that increasing ClpB concentration leads to ClpB hexamer formation, decreasing NaCl concentration stabilizes ClpB hexamers, and the ClpB assembly reaction is best described by a monomer, dimer, tetramer, hexamer equilibrium under the three salt concentrations examined. Further, we found that ClpB oligomers exhibit relatively fast dissociation on the time scale of sedimentation. We anticipate our studies on ClpB assembly to be a starting point to understand how ClpB assembly is linked to the binding and disaggregation of denatured proteins. Proteins 2015; 83:2008–2024. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of an air‐flow‐assisted extractive electrospray ionization source for rapid analysis of phthalic acid esters in spirits
Authors: Sun Jiufeng , Wang Wentian , Xu Li , Dong Junguo , Gao Wei , Huang Zhengxu , Cheng Ping , Zhou Zhen 
Published: August 2015

RationaleAlthough traditional analytical techniques like gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry (MS) offer satisfactory sensitivity and good reproducibility for the detection of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in a variety of matrices, they involve laborious sample pretreatment, are time‐consuming, and some are expensive and environmentally unfriendly. Furthermore, there are thousands of spirits on the market; therefore, rapid and high‐throughout methods suitable for the consistent detection and quantification of PAEs in spirits are urgently required.MethodsA new atmospheric pressure ionization method, named air‐flow‐assisted extractive electrospray ionization (EESI), has been developed. It is a variant on EESI and possesses the advantages of both EESI and air‐flow‐assisted ionization for direct analysis of samples without pretreatment. Combined with a quadrupole time‐of‐flight (QTOF) mass spectrometer, the method was used to directly analyze four PAEs, i.e., dipentyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, benzyl butyl phthalate and didecyl phthalate, in spirits.ResultsThe method exhibits excellent sensitivity, stability and convenience. Four different brands of spirits have been successfully analyzed. The total analysis time for one sample was within 1 min, and the limits of detection and limits of quantification of the samples are located in the range 0.011–0.035 and 0.038–0.087 µg g–1, respectively. Very good linearities, with correlation coefficients of 0.9758–0.9990, are observed for the samples in the range of 0.035 to 10 µg g–1.ConclusionsThe results indicate that the air‐flow‐assisted EESI combined with tandem mass spectrometry is an effective method for rapid and direct determination of PAEs in spirits without sample pretreatment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantification of the PR‐39 cathelicidin compound in porcine blood by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Smolira Anna , Hałas Stanisław , Wessely‐Szponder Joanna 
Published: August 2015

RationaleThe PR‐39 porcine cathelicidin occurs naturally in animal neutrophils. Its main function is antimicrobial activity, which potentially can be used in antibiotic treatments in veterinary medicine. Investigations concerning such a use require the detection and quantification of PR‐39 in a given sample. The aim of this work is to determine the concentration of PR‐39 contained in porcine blood.MethodsPrior to matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) analysis, the porcine blood sample was subjected to crude extraction in order to release the active form of PR‐39 from the neutrophil granules. Next, gel filtration chromatography was performed to separate PR‐39 from other cathelicidins present in porcine blood. Positive ion MALDI time‐of‐flight (TOF) mass spectra of the resulting portion of lyophilisate with unknown PR‐39 content were acquired in linear mode. To quantify PR‐39 in the lyophilisate sample, the standard addition method was applied. The PR‐39 concentration obtained in the lyophilisate sample was then converted into the peptide concentration in porcine blood.ResultsThe linear fit function of the constructed calibration curve indicates an excellent correlation between the PR‐39 peak intensity and the added quantity of synthetic PR‐39 (R2 = 0.994) and a low relative standard deviation of the slope = 1.98%. From the x‐intercept of the straight line, we estimated the PR‐39 concentration in porcine blood to be 20.5 ± 4.6 ng/mL.ConclusionsThe MALDI method was successfully applied for the quantitative analysis of PR‐39 found in porcine blood. Compared with other available methods, it is relatively easy, inexpensive and not time‐consuming. Despite the method having lower accuracy than the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the results obtained here, by a much simpler method, are in good agreement with the literature data. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Social Innovation and Chinese Overseas Hydropower Dams: The Nexus of National Social Policy and Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Nordensvard Johan , Urban Frauke , Mang Grace 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThe nexus between hydropower dams, social policy and corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a currently understudied topic. This paper aims to fill parts of this gap by discussing these issues in relation to the world's largest builder of hydropower dams, Chinese state‐owned enterprise Sinohydro. This paper draws on the analysis of firm strategy documents and CSR documents and gains additional insights from key informant interviews. The research finds that in 2011 Sinohydro developed its first comprehensive policy framework for social and environmental safeguards that was in line with international standards set by the World Bank/International Finance Corporation. These policies were however later replaced by weaker, vaguer policy. The paper suggests there is a need for Sinohydro and other dam‐builders to re‐engage with social innovation to mitigate some of the negative social and environmental implications of hydropower dams. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
An efficient biometric‐based privacy‐preserving three‐party authentication with key agreement protocol using smart cards
Authors: Odelu Vanga , Das Ashok Kumar , Goswami Adrijit 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn communication systems, authentication protocols play an important role in protecting sensitive information against a malicious adversary by means of providing a variety of services such as mutual authentication, user credentials' privacy, and user revocation facility when the smart card of the user is lost/stolen or user's authentication parameters are revealed. Recently, several three‐party authentication with key agreement (3PAKA) schemes are proposed in the literature, but most of them do not provide the basic security requirements such as user anonymity as well as user revocation and re‐registration with the same identity. Thus, we feel that there is a great need to design a secure 3PAKA scheme with these security properties. In this paper, we propose a new secure biometric‐based privacy‐preserving 3PAKA scheme using the elliptic curve cryptography with efficient mechanism for the user revocation and re‐registration with the same identity. The formal security analysis using the widely accepted Burrows–Abadi–Needham logic shows that our scheme provides secure authentication. In addition, we simulate our scheme for the formal security verification using the widely accepted Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications tool. The simulation results show that our scheme is secure against passive and active attacks. Furthermore, our scheme is efficient as compared with other related schemes. Our scheme provides high security along with low computation and communication costs, and extra features as compared with other related existing schemes in the literature, and as a result, our scheme is suitable for battery‐limited mobile devices. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fully secure bandwidth‐efficient anonymous ciphertext‐policy attribute‐based encryption
Authors: Sreenivasa Rao Y. , Dutta Ratna 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe functionality of ciphertext‐policy attribute‐based encryption (CP‐ABE) enables the encryptor to encrypt the data for a group of users of his choice by incorporating an access policy over target receivers' attributes into encryption algorithm itself. This makes CP‐ABE systems appealing in several applications where complex access control is at prime concern, but incurs high communication and computation overheads which could impede its practical usage. Another limitation of CP‐ABE is that the ciphertext includes the access policy explicitly and, hence, anyone who has access to the ciphertext can identify all legitimate recipients of that ciphertext. This is not desirable for certain mission‐critical applications such as military operations. In order to alleviate these problems, we add privacy‐preserving property efficiently to CP‐ABE scheme via concealing the access policy partially. The encryption in our construction exploits monotone access policies over receivers' attributes and makes ciphertext size constant. The construction is fully secure and can achieve recipient anonymity as the ciphertext terms do not leak any information about recipients. The full semantic security with anonymity relies on dual‐system encryption technique in composite order bilinear groups. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed scheme is the firstconstruction in the anonymous ABE literature with the stated functionality. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Practical guidance for integrating data management into long‐term ecological monitoring projects
Authors: Sutter Robert D. , Wainscott Susan B. , Boetsch John R. , Palmer Craig J. , Rugg David J. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTLong‐term monitoring and research projects are essential to understand ecological change and the effectiveness of management activities. An inherent characteristic of long‐term projects is the need for consistent data collection over time, requiring rigorous attention to data management and quality assurance. Recent papers have provided broad recommendations for data management; however, practitioners need more detailed guidance and examples. We present general yet detailed guidance for the development of comprehensive, concise, and effective data management for monitoring projects. The guidance is presented as a graded approach, matching the scale of data management to the needs of the organization and the complexity of the project. We address the following topics: roles and responsibilities; consistent and precise data collection; calibration of field crews and instrumentation; management of tabular, photographic, video, and sound data; data completeness and quality; development of metadata; archiving data; and evaluation of existing data from other sources. This guidance will help practitioners execute effective data management, thereby, improving the quality and usability of data for meeting project objectives as well as broader meta‐analysis and macrosystem ecology research. © 2015 The Authors. Wildlife Society Bulletin published by The Wildlife Society.
Value of information and natural resources decision‐making
Authors: Williams Byron K. , Johnson Fred A. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThough the potential for information to measurably improve management has been highlighted for several decades, in recent years the “value of information” has surfaced with increasing frequency in natural resources. However, the use of this phrase belies the fact that many in natural resources have only a limited understanding about what it actually means, how to measure it, and what to do with it. We introduce and describe several forms of the value of information in a context of the management of renewable natural resources. The value of information is discussed in terms of a potential gain in value with the addition of new information, as well as a loss in value associated with the absence of information. Value metrics are developed for uncertainty about resource status as well as resource processes and responses to management. We provide a common notation for the metrics of value, and discuss linkages of the value of information to strategic approaches such as adaptive resources management and partially observable decision processes. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.