bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of food insecurity on cognitive health in older adults: insights from the NHANES 2011–2014 data
Authors: Zhang Yanwei , Jiang JiaWen , Yin Dekun 
Published: July 2024

PurposeTo investigate the relationship between food insecurity and cognitive decline among elderly Americans.MethodsUtilizing NHANES 2011–2014 data, we examined cognitive function via the Immediate Recall Test (IRT), Delayed Recall Test (DRT), Animal Fluency Test (AFT), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) and assessed food security through the US Food Security Survey Module. Multiple regression models were used to adjust for demographic and health variables.ResultsFood insecurity demonstrated a significant association with lower cognitive function scores. The effects of food insecurity on cognitive function were moderated by factors such as smoking and alcohol use, indicating a direct influence of food insecurity on cognitive decline.ConclusionThis study underscores the importance of food security for cognitive health in the elderly and advocates for targeted interventions to address nutritional disparities and enhance cognitive functioning in aging populations.
Effects of low dietary calcium and lipopolysaccharide challenges on production performance, eggshell quality, and bone metabolism of laying hens
Authors: Li Xin , Uyanga Victoria Anthony , Jiao Hongchao , Wang Xiaojuan , Zhao Jingpeng , Zhou Yunlei , Li Haifang , Lin Hai 
Published: July 2024

Dietary calcium supply is essential for bone development and egg production in laying hens. This study investigated the effects of low dietary calcium and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced immune challenge in aged laying hens. A total of thirty-two Hy-Line Brown laying hens at 80 weeks old with an average laying rate of 62% were randomly divided into two groups and fed a normal calcium diet (3.57% Ca, NCA) or low calcium diet (2.08% Ca, LCA). At 88 weeks, the experiment was designed using a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, and hens were intraperitoneally injected with saline (SAL) or LPS (0.5 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg, or 1.5 mg/kg body weight) once every 48 h intervals over 5 days. Production performance, egg quality, and bone physiology were evaluated. Results showed that LPS challenge decreased the hen-day egg production, egg mass, and eggshell traits (p &lt; 0.05), but increased (p &lt; 0.05) the calcium content of the tibia compared to SAL-injected hens. LCA diet decreased (p &lt; 0.05) the hen-day egg production, and eggshell traits such as weight, percentage, strength, and thickness compared to the NCA diet. LCA diet increased the serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity (p &lt; 0.01) and tibial expression of ALP (p &lt; 0.05) compared to NCA diet. LPS injection suppressed both the serum ALP activity (p &lt; 0.05) and tibial expression of ALP (p &lt; 0.001) compared to SAL injection. Furthermore, LPS injection increased (p &lt; 0.05) the expression of both pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the spleen and tibia. The expression of cathepsin K (Cts K) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) were downregulated by LPS injection (p &lt; 0.001). Broken and shell-less egg production and calcium content of eggshell, as well as tibial mRNA expression of osteocalcin (Ocn), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) were affected by the interaction (p &lt; 0.05) of diet and injection. Therefore, this study demonstrated that to certain extents, low dietary calcium and LPS challenge dysregulated bone homeostasis and metabolism, with detrimental effects on the performance and eggshell quality of aged laying hens.
Topping and NPK fertilization alter seed germination, plant growth and active components of Valeriana amurensis
Authors: Wu Junkai , Leng Dayong , Huo Jinhai , Zhang Ruoquan , Du Xiaowei 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionValeriana amurensis, a tall herbaceous plant, has been traditionally utilized as a herbal remedy both in China and Russia.MethodsThis study was set to explore how to cultivate high quality seedlings, considering factors such as seedling time, seeding density, shading, and plastic film mulching. In addition, we investigated the impact of topping and fertilizer on the growth and quality of V. amurensis.ResultsAccording to the percentage of seed germination, the seeds of V. amurensis were sowed with 0.88 g m-2 density using plastic film mulching from late April to mid-May (germination percentage was more than 30%). The optimal Transplanting time was identified as late September, ensuring a high survival rate of 98%. Generally, topping showed the most improved growth indices in late fruit period (21.87 for number of radical leaves) and withering period (6.50 for number of buds and 234.81 for number of roots). Topping increased the yields of valtrate (10.91 mg per plant), valepotriates (809.51 mg per plant) and essential oil (395.64 mg per plant) in withering period. Nitrogen fertilizer promoted maximum root growth and increased the biomass of V. amurensis. Meanwhile, N fertilizer significantly increased the yields of valtrate to 10.46 mg per plant and valepotriates to 772.32 mg per plant among three types of fertilizers. Seedlings are obtained according to rational sowing factors and transplanting time. Topping and nitrogen fertilization emerge as superior strategies to enhance the growth and medicinal quality of this valuable plant.DiscussionThis study provides actionable insights for the cultivation V. amurensis.
Unified and distinct cognitive control deficits in adolescents with cognitive disengagement syndrome and learning burnout
Authors: Weng Yuhan , Wu Tingting , Wei Yunfang , Chen Ling , Liu Xiqin , Cai Kexin , Chen Caiqi 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionCognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS) is a psychological disorder characterized by daydreaming, mental fogginess, and slow thinking, while learning burnout (LB) is characterized by a passive and inattentive attitude toward learning. These two disorders are closely related but can be challenging to differentiate from one another. The present study aimed to identify shared and distinct cognitive control deficits between CDS and LB.MethodsWe recruited 136 adolescents (aged 14 to 17 years) from an initial screening of CDS and LB (N = 476) and divided them into four groups: CDS, LB, CDS + LB, and typically developing control. After a second screening, 129 adolescents completed two tasks to assess their attentional networks and cognitive control capacity (CCC).ResultsAdolescents with high CDS symptoms (both CDS group and CDS+LB group) exhibited impaired disengaging effect of attention and lower CCC, indicating deficits in orienting attention and the upper limit of information processing for cognitive control specifically. Furthermore, support vector machine modeling identified CCC as the most significant parameter differentiating the CDS and LB groups.DiscussionOur findings suggest that while adolescents with high CDS and high LB symptoms have similar outward manifestations in the adolescent’s school life, deficits in attention and cognitive control, particularly in the CCC, may distinguish between the two groups.
Estimates of the excess cost burden of Ehlers-Danlos syndromes: a United States MarketScan® claims database analysis
Authors: Schubart Jane R. , Schaefer Eric W. , Knight Dacre R. T. , Mills Susan E. , Francomano Clair A. 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionPatients with Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS) and hypermobility spectrum disorders (HSD) have significant health challenges that are well-documented, however their impact in terms of cost is not known. Our research objective was to examine the cost burden of EDS and HSD in the United States. We focused this analysis on those with commercial insurance plans.MethodsWe queried the MarketScan® database for year 2021 for claims that contained an ICD-10 diagnosis code for EDS or hypermobility. Excess costs for patients in the EDS and HSD cohorts were determined by matching each patient to one patient in the database that did not have a claim for EDS or HSD and comparing total costs for the calendar year. We determined whether patients had claims for selected comorbid conditions likely to impact costs during the calendar year.ResultsSample sizes were 5,113 for adult (age ≥ 18) patients with EDS, 4,880 for adult patients with HSD, 1,059 for child (age 5–17) patients with EDS, and 2,427 for child patients with HSD. The mean excess costs were $21,100 for adult EDS patients, $11,600 for adult HSD patients, $17,000 for child EDS patients, and $11,000 for child HSD patients. EDS and HSD cohorts, both adults and children, with any of the comorbidities had greater healthcare costs. The largest difference was found in the EDS cohort with gastrointestinal comorbid conditions, with more than double the costs for adults.DiscussionWe found that patients in the MarketScan database, adults and children, who had EDS or HSD had substantially higher associated excess healthcare costs than patients without EDS or HSD when considering age, sex, geographic location, and comorbidities. These disproportionate healthcare costs in this population have health policy and economic implications, including the need for rapid diagnosis, access to treatment, and accelerated research to advance treatments.
A qualitative exploration of how a community engagement approach influences community and health worker perceptions related to family planning service delivery in Togo
Authors: Dougherty Leanne , Kassegne Sethson , Nagbe Robert , Babogou Joseph , Peace Paula , Moussa Farida , Kirk Karen , Tokplo Hilaire , Ouro-Gnao Djibril , Agbodjan Serge Prince , Loll Dana , Werwie Timothy R. , Silva Martha 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundThere is a growing body of evidence that asserts community engagement approaches can improve the quality of reproductive health services. Family planning (FP) programs in Togo are implementing such approaches, which aim to mobilize both health workers and communities to improve FP service quality and FP uptake. However, there is not enough known about the enabling factors and challenges associated with implementation, or the extent to which the programs improve outcomes leading to contraceptive uptake.MethodsWe qualitatively explored how a community engagement approach influenced health worker and community perceptions related to FP service delivery in and around the city of Lomé, Togo, within the context of the broader integration of social and behavior change and service delivery. We conducted 18 in-depth interviews with health workers and 9 focus group discussions with community members.ResultsWe found the approach, which included community dialogues, site walkthrough visits and the development of community action plans, worked synergistically together to support collaborative action between communities and health workers to increase mutual understanding of their collective needs related to FP services. Community members cited improved reception at the health facilities by health workers and indicated that the site walkthrough visits created a greater sense of empathy towards the providers and the challenges faced in their work environment. Health workers acknowledged a greater understanding of barriers at the community level following community dialogues, particularly among community members that are not routinely encountered at the health facility for reproductive health services such as men and youth. We found limited implementation of health facility improvements included in community action plans because they were dependent on commitment from community leadership and the need to mobilize additional support or financial resources.ConclusionCommunity engagement approaches are a promising mechanism to support collaboration and enhance mutual understanding between health workers and communities to achieve improved FP service quality. Future programs should consider incorporating additional mechanisms to monitor community action plans and provide support to address structural challenges at the facility level particularly those that require financial resources.
Is thrombolysis beneficial in elderly patients with minor ischemic stroke?
Authors: Naess Halvor 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionA pooled analysis of data from randomized controlled trials showed that thrombolysis is an effective treatment in patients older than 80 years of age with acute ischemic stroke. However, the outcomes in daily clinical practice may differ from those observed in randomized controlled trials. Thus, the present study aimed to compare the short-term outcomes of patients older than 80 years of age with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attacks (TIA) admitted to Haukeland University Hospital in Norway, examining thrombolysis vs. non-thrombolysis treatment in patients.MethodsAll patients with acute ischemic stroke or TIA who were older than 80 years of age and admitted to Haukeland University Hospital within the 4.5-h window after stroke onset between 2006 and 2020 were prospectively included in this observational study. Patients who received thrombolysis were compared to patients who did not receive thrombolysis. The endpoint was a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score on day 7 or discharge if earlier. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores were recorded repeatedly during their hospital stays.ResultsIn total, 808 patients were included. Thrombolysis was given to 393 (49%) patients. In patients with an NIHSS score of &lt;3 (minor ischemic stroke) at admission, thrombolysis was associated with worse short-term outcomes (β = 0.13, p = 0.03), whereas thrombolysis was associated with better short-term outcomes in patients with an NIHSS score of ≥3 (major ischemic stroke) at admission (β = 0.12, p = 0.003). Thrombolysis appeared to be associated with neurological worsening in patients with an NIHSS score of &lt;3 at admission. Excluding patients who underwent a thrombectomy did not change the results.ConclusionIn elderly patients with major ischemic stroke, thrombolysis was associated with better short-term outcomes. However, in patients with minor ischemic stroke, thrombolysis was associated with worse short-term outcomes. Several reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.
Desafios à integralidade do cuidado à criança em cuidados paliativos em um hospital pediátrico no extremo norte do Brasil
Authors: Caldeira Eloane de Almeida , Oliveira Eugênio Patrício de 
Published: July 2024

Os cuidados paliativos na pediatria envolvem questões que transcendem a morte e o adoecimento e, que, estão atreladas em um suporte integralizado e humanizado à criança e à família. Considerando que este tema consiste em uma abordagem importante no cuidado longitudinal do paciente e familiares, destaca-se a escassez de estudos que versam sobre a temática com foco na Região Norte, e, mais especificamente, no estado de Roraima. Objetiva-se apresentar os desafios à integralidade do cuidado à criança à luz do cuidado paliativo. Como objetivos específicos, estes são: analisar os estudos publicados que versam sobre a aplicação prática dos cuidados paliativos em pediatria; avaliar as principais dificuldades atreladas a aplicação do cuidado paliativo em pediatria em um hospital pediátrico no extremo Norte do Brasil e discutir sobre maneiras de ampliar e melhorar o cuidado integralizado a essas criança. Para tanto, procede-se a um estudo de revisão narrativa, tendo como banco de dados as plataformas SciELO, CAPES Periódicos e LILACS entre os anos de 2013 a 2023. Desse modo, observa-se que foram encontrados 110 estudos, sendo utilizados apenas 15 artigos por preencherem os critérios de inclusão, o que permite concluir que os desafios atrelados à implementação do cuidado paliativo residem na falta de qualificação profissional e a dificuldade em se estabelecer uma comunicação clara e precisa.
Dados clínicos e mortalidade na síndrome coronariana aguda com e sem supradesnivelamento do segmento ST: do pré-hospitalar até a alta
Authors: Barbosa Roberto Ramos , Barros Lucas Crespo de , Duarte Simone Karla Apolonio , Oliveira Julianna Vaillant Louzada , Pinto Hudson Pereira , Afonso Isabela Dias , Albuquerque João Emanuel Abú Dioan , Rubim Luiza Feitosa , Vieira Leonardo França , Duarte Neto Caio 
Published: July 2024

Introdução: A síndrome coronariana aguda (SCA) está entre as principais causas de morbimortalidade no mundo. Ela se divide em SCA com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (SCACSST) e SCA sem supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (SCASSST). É fundamental conhecer as características locais relacionadas aos pacientes com SCA e ao atendimento ofertado, de modo a aprimorar a assistência e otimizar resultados. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar os pacientes com SCA admitidos em um hospital de referência de Vitória-ES, trazidos pelo Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência (SAMU), com o diagnóstico de SCACSST ou SCASSST. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional transversal, no qual foram incluídos os pacientes referenciados pelo SAMU a um hospital de referência em emergências cardiovasculares, com sinais e sintomas de SCA. Os pacientes tiveram seus dados coletados até o desfecho hospitalar de alta ou óbito. A mortalidade foi analisada de acordo com o tipo de SCA (SCACSST ou SCASSST). Resultados: Dos 58 pacientes atendidos pelo SAMU e admitidos no hospital, três (5,2%) foram a óbito e 55 (94,8%) obtiveram alta hospitalar. SCACSST foi diagnosticada em 38 pacientes (65,5%) e SCASSST em 20 (35,5%). A maioria dos pacientes era do sexo masculino (67,2%), com mais de 60 anos (56,9%) e pardo ou negro (89,7%). O tratamento realizado foi a intervenção coronariana percutânea em 43 pacientes (74,1%), tratamento clínico isolado em 11 (19,0%) e cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica em quatro (6,9%). A mortalidade foi de 5,3% na SCACSST (2/38) e de 5,0% na SCASSST (1/20). Conclusão: A maioria dos pacientes trazidos pelo SAMU em caráter de emergência apresentavam SCACSST. A mortalidade intra-hospitalar foi semelhante entre os grupos SCACSST e SCASSST. As diferenças clínicas e prognósticas nestes dois cenários necessitam de constante avaliação, a fim de se promover aprimoramento e aumento da qualidade assistencial.
A repercussão da pandemia do SARS-CoV-2 na rotina do médico urologista
Authors: Ritti Larissa de Almeida , Lopes Milena Dutra , Silva Pedro Henrique Vogel , Pinto Murilo Spinelli 
Published: July 2024

Divulgou-se no final do ano de 2019, na cidade de Wuhan, localizada na China o primeiro caso de uma síndrome respiratória aguda grave causada por uma nova cepa do Coronavírus 2 (CV2), o SARS-CoV-2 (SAC-2). Devido à grande magnitude alcançada pela doença, estabelecia-se no Brasil em Março de 2020, a pandemia pelo CV2, a COVID-19 (COV-19), responsável pela mobilização de diversas medidas de controle de infecção, sendo a mais impactante delas, o isolamento social. Medida essa que alterou mundialmente a prática médica e o modo de vida de toda a população. Tornou-se, diante desse quadro instalado, o controle do cenário pandêmico, o principal objetivo da ciência, juntamente com os profissionais de saúde. Adotou-se medidas emergenciais para que tal objetivo fosse alcançado, assim como, a rigorosa manutenção da segurança no trabalho e a oferta de maior número de leitos hospitalares destinados aos pacientes contaminados pelo SAC-2. Pretende-se com o atual projeto, realizar uma revisão sistemática embasada nas principais bases de dados mundiais, sobre os impactos gerados pela COV-19 na prática médica do urologista brasileiro durante o período de pandemia da COV-19.
Análise epidemiológica da Sífilis em gestantes na Bahia no período entre 2012 a 2022
Authors: Souza Ariadna Marques de , Correia Jandson Bruno Bastos , Silva Júlia Oliveira , Gardet Mariana Lopes , Almeida Mônica Oliveira de , Dourado Thâmara Oliveira Ferreira Brito , Carvalho Milena Rebello de 
Published: July 2024

Objetivo: Realizar uma análise epidemiológica da sífilis em gestantes durante o período entre 2012 e 2022 no estado da Bahia. Métodos: Pesquisa descritiva, transversal, retrospectiva, quantitativa com dados secundários. Este estudo é baseado em dados secundários obtidos no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) para sífilis em gestante com CID 10- A50. Os dados foram coletados em março de 2024, a população do estudo é composta por todos os casos notificados de sífilis em mulheres gestantes, residentes no estado da Bahia, no período de 2012 a 2022. Resultados e Discussão: Este estudo registrou 30.839 casos de sífilis em gestantes no período entre 2012 a 2022, sendo a maioria dos diagnósticos confirmados no ano de 2021. O maior número dos casos notificados se autodeclarou como pardas, possuíam baixa escolaridade e idade entre 20 a 39 anos. Os testes realizados para o diagnóstico foram testes não treponêmicos e testes treponêmicos, sendo que, do total de casos, 75,5% foram registradas como reativas em teste não treponêmico. Considerações finais: Os dados desta pesquisa apresentam ainda o aumento da sífilis em gestante no período analisado o que reflete a necessidade urgente de melhorias de assistência ao pré-natal, promoção a saúde e educação da população, afim de prevenir complicações maternas e fetais, como a sífilis congênita e o óbito.
O uso da Metformina e do Inositol no manejo da resistência à insulina em portadoras de Síndrome dos Ovários Policísticos: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Sousa Anna Vitória Raposo Muniz de , Coêlho Mayara Ladeira , Nunes Kamila Gabrielle Carvalho Costa 
Published: July 2024

A Síndrome dos Ovários Policísticos (SOP) é caracterizada pela presença de hiperândrogenismo, disfunção ovulatória e aumento do tamanho dos ovários, sendo considerada uma síndrome heterogênea. Diante disso, este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar, na literatura nacional e internacional, a segurança e eficácia do uso de Metformina e Inositol no manejo da resistência à insulina em pacientes portadoras de SOP. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa realizada nas seguintes bases de dados: Lilacs; PUBMED e SciELO. Nesta pesquisa, foram incluídos pesquisas de campo e relatos de caso disponíveis na íntegra que respondiam à pergunta norteadora, publicados nos idiomas inglês e português no período de 2018 a 2023. Foram excluídos teses, dissertações, monografias, estudos de reflexão, editoriais, cartas ao editor e estudos duplicados. Por fim, foram analisados 10 artigos nos quais os resultados revelaram que tanto a Metformina quanto o Inositol melhoraram o controle glicêmico e o perfil lipídico em mulheres com SOP, independentemente do Índice de Massa Corpórea (IMC). Além disso, a Metformina foi mais eficaz do que o Inositol na redução dos níveis de insulina em mulheres com o IMC > 25kg/m2. Concluiu-se que a Metformina e o Inositol possuem efeitos benéficos no tratamento dos sintomas da SOP. Contudo, constatou-se que existem poucas pesquisas de ensaios clínicos que tenham avaliado estas medicações em foco, pois a maioria se tratava de meta-análises. Ademais, nos estudos existiam uma alta heterogeneidade da quantidade de pacientes avaliadas, assim como o tempo e dosagens dos medicamentos utilizados não possuíam um padrão.