bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scuba diving with the grey nurse shark (Carcharias taurus): an application of the theory of planned behaviour to identify divers beliefs
Authors: Apps Kirin , Lloyd David , Dimmock Kay 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Scuba diving with the critically endangered grey nurse shark (Carcharias taurus) is a popular attraction for divers on the east coast of Australia. As the popularity of shark diving develops globally, research is required to evaluate how diving with sharks affects the behaviour and ecology of the species. Understanding participant's behaviour when diving with C. taurus can provide valuable information for researchers and policy makers trying to conserve this species.
An elicitation procedure based on the theory of planned behaviour was applied to determine divers’ beliefs pertinent to approaching C. taurus when scuba diving at two sites on Australia's east coast. A content analysis of responses revealed preliminary insights into the salient beliefs of divers. This initial step is an essential foundation for subsequent phases of research and communication aimed at improving shark and diver interactions and experiences. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The benefits of fringing mangrove systems to Mumbai
Authors: Everard Mark , Jha Rohit RS , Russell Shaun 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Mumbai's mangroves have been significantly depleted through historical city development and continuing encroachment. These mangroves are important for production of a range of ecosystem services.
Recent conservation‐oriented orders in India's courts of justice recognize some of the values associated with mangroves, though wider benefits flow to diverse stakeholders through many additional ecosystem services provided by Mumbai's remaining fringe of mangrove systems.
Valuation of ecosystem services on a semi‐quantitative basis and, where possible, using value‐transfer techniques from other relevant studies, demonstrates in indicative terms the magnitude of the benefits provided to Mumbai by its mangrove systems and connected habitats. Values could only be deduced approximately as most services lie outside the current market.
Conservative valuation and assumptions about cumulative, non‐quantified value emphasize the importance of mangroves to the built environment, people, and future security of Mumbai. This reinforces the need for conservation and restoration of the mangrove resource, particularly as a matter of ‘natural insurance’ in the light of a changing climate, sea‐level rise and other emerging sustainability challenges.
Current mangrove extent is at its most sparse on the seaward border of the city, arguably where greatest protection is required from storms, tsunamis, and other threats.
Investment in mangrove restoration would add significant value to the city region. Novel economic tools such as ‘payments for ecosystem services’ (PES) may be used to protect or enhance the mangrove stands of Mumbai. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System: Description of the First Fifty‐Two Adults Enrolled in the French Cohort of Patients With Primary Vasculitis of the Central Nervous System
Authors: de Boysson Hubert , Zuber Mathieu , Naggara Olivier , Neau Jean‐Philippe , Gray Françoise , Bousser Marie‐Germaine , Crassard Isabelle , Touzé Emmanuel , Couraud Pierre‐Olivier , Kerschen Philippe , Oppenheim Catherine , Detante Olivier , Faivre Anthony , Gaillard Nicolas , Arquizan Caroline , Bienvenu Boris , Néel Antoine , Guillevin Loïc , Pagnoux Christian ,   for the French Vasculitis Study Group and the French NeuroVascular Society
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveTo describe characteristics and outcomes of a multicenter cohort of patients diagnosed as having primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS).MethodsIn 2010, we initiated a cohort study of adults diagnosed as having PACNS ≤15 years ago and with followup of >6 months (unless they died earlier of biopsy‐proven PACNS). Its first analysis was planned at 2 years. Multidisciplinary investigators verified that appropriate investigations were done and excluded patients with possible alternative diagnoses. We analyzed patient demographics and symptoms, laboratory, radiographic, and histologic findings, and treatments. Studied outcomes included treatment response(s), relapse, death, and disability.ResultsWe included 52 patients (30 males; median age at diagnosis 43.5 years [range 18–79 years]) in whom PACNS was diagnosed between 1996 and 2012. Nineteen (61%) of 31 patients who had undergone brain biopsy had histologic vasculitis (biopsy‐proven PACNS), while the other 12 patients had normal or noncontributive biopsy samples. An additional 21 patients had signs suggestive of PACNS on conventional cerebral angiography. All but 1 patient received corticosteroids, and 44 patients received cyclophosphamide (CYC). After a median followup of 35 months (range 2–148 months) postdiagnosis (1 patient with biopsy‐proven PACNS died 2 months after diagnosis), 32 patients responded to treatment with improved modified Rankin scale scores, 4 patients (8%) did not respond, 14 patients (27%) had relapse of their disease at least once, and 3 patients (6%) died (1 patient after a relapse). Relapse was more common in patients with than in those without meningeal gadolinium enhancements on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (8 of 10 [80%] versus 6 of 32 [19%]; P = 0.001) and more common in patients with than in those without seizures at diagnosis (8 of 17 [47%] versus 6 of 35 [17%]; P = 0.04).ConclusionIn this cohort of patients with PACNS, most patients received corticosteroids and CYC, and mortality was low. Patients with seizures at diagnosis or meningeal enhancements on MRI may be prone to relapse and require a different treatment strategy.
Periodontitis and Porphyromonas gingivalis in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Mikuls Ted R. , Payne Jeffrey B. , Yu Fang , Thiele Geoffrey M. , Reynolds Richard J. , Cannon Grant W. , Markt Jeffrey , McGowan David , Kerr Gail S. , Redman Robert S. , Reimold Andreas , Griffiths Garth , Beatty Mark , Gonzalez Shawneen M. , Bergman Debra A. , Hamilton Bartlett C. , Erickson Alan R. , Sokolove Jeremy , Robinson William H. , Walker Clay , Chandad Fatiha , O'Dell James R. 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveTo examine the degree to which shared risk factors explain the relationship of periodontitis (PD) to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to determine the associations of PD and Porphyromonas gingivalis with pathologic and clinical features of RA.MethodsPatients with RA (n = 287) and patients with osteoarthritis as disease controls (n = 330) underwent a standardized periodontal examination. The HLA–DRB1 status of all participants was imputed using single‐nucleotide polymorphisms from the extended major histocompatibility complex. Circulating anti–P gingivalis antibodies were measured using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and subgingival plaque was assessed for the presence of P gingivalis using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Associations of PD with RA were examined using multivariable regression.ResultsPresence of PD was more common in patients with RA and patients with anti–citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA)–positive RA (n = 240; determined using the anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide 2 [anti–CCP‐2] test) than in controls (35% and 37%, respectively, versus 26%; P = 0.022 and P = 0.006, respectively). There were no differences between RA patients and controls in the levels of anti–P gingivalis or the frequency of P gingivalis positivity by PCR. The anti–P gingivalis findings showed a weak, but statistically significant, association with the findings for both anti–CCP‐2 (r = 0.14, P = 0.022) and rheumatoid factor (RF) (r = 0.19, P = 0.001). Presence of PD was associated with increased swollen joint counts (P = 0.004), greater disease activity according to the 28‐joint Disease Activity Score using C‐reactive protein level (P = 0.045), and higher total Sharp scores of radiographic damage (P = 0.015), as well as with the presence and levels of anti–CCP‐2 (P = 0.011) and RF (P < 0.001). The expression levels of select ACPAs (including antibodies to citrullinated filaggrin) were higher in patients with subgingival P gingivalis and in those with higher levels of anti–P gingivalis antibodies, irrespective of smoking status. Associations of PD with established seropositive RA were independent of all covariates examined, including evidence of P gingivalis infection.ConclusionBoth PD and P gingivalis appear to shape the autoreactivity of RA. In addition, these results demonstrate an independent relationship between PD and established seropositive RA.
A Stable Porous Anionic Metal–Organic Framework for Luminescence Sensing of Ln3+ Ions and Detection of Nitrobenzene
Authors: Qin Jun‐Sheng , Bao Shao‐Juan , Li Peng , Xie Wei , Du Dong‐Ying , Zhao Liang , Lan Ya‐Qian , Su Zhong‐Min 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA hexagonal channel‐based porous anionic metal–organic framework was successfully constructed. IFMC‐3 is stable in air and acidic/basic aqueous solutions at room temperature, and constitutes a selective luminescent sensing material for Ln3+ ions and a recyclable probe for the sensitive detection of nitrobenzene.
Role of anatomical right hepatic trisectionectomy for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Matsumoto N , Ebata T , Yokoyama Y , Igami T , Sugawara G , Shimoyama Y , Nagino M 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background
Right-sided hepatectomy is often selected for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma because the extrahepatic portion of the left hepatic duct is longer than that of the right hepatic duct. However, the length of resected left hepatic duct in right-sided hepatectomy has not been reported.

Methods
Patients who underwent right-sided hepatectomy for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma were reviewed retrospectively. Trisectionectomies were performed according to a previously reported technique of anatomical right hepatic trisectionectomy. Right hepatectomy was performed according to standard operative procedures. The length of resected left hepatic duct was measured.

Results
Thirty-three patients underwent right trisectionectomy and 141 had a right hemihepatectomy. Patients having a trisectionectomy had more advanced tumours and so required combined portal vein resection more frequently. Duration of surgery and blood loss were similar in the two groups. Morbidity and mortality rates tended to be higher following hemihepatectomy than after trisectionectomy. The mean(s.d.) length of resected left hepatic duct was significantly greater in trisectionectomy than in hemihepatectomy (25·0(6·9) versus 14·8(5·3) mm; P &lt; 0·001). In patients with Bismuth type IV tumours, the percentage of negative left hepatic duct margins was significantly higher for trisectionectomy than for hemihepatectomy (89 versus 57 per cent; P = 0·021). Achievement of R0 resection was similar and survival did not differ between the two groups, despite different tumour load.

Conclusion
Compared with right hemihepatectomy, anatomical right hepatic trisectionectomy provides a greater length of resected hepatic duct, leading to a high proportion of negative proximal ductal margins even in patients with Bismuth type IV tumours.
Identification of astilbin metabolites produced by human intestinal bacteria using UPLC‐Q‐TOF/MS
Authors: Zhao Min , Xu Jun , Qian Dawei , Guo Jianming , Jiang Shu , Shang Er‐xin , Duan Jin‐ao 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTAstilbin, mainly isolated from a commonly used herbal medicine, Smilax glabra Roxb (SGR), exhibits a variety of pharmacological activities and biological effects. It is metabolized by intestinal bacteria after oral administration which leads to the variation of ethnopharmacological profile of this traditional medicine. However, little is known on the interactions of this active compound with intestinal bacteria, which would be very helpful in unravelling how SGR works. In this study, different pure bacteria from human feces were isolated and were used to investigate their conversion capability of astilbin. Ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Q‐TOF/MS) technique combined with MetabolynxTM software was used to analyze astilbin and its metabolites. The parent compound and two metabolites (quercetin and eriodictyol) were detected in the isolated bacterial samples compared with blank samples. Quercetin was present in Enterococcus sp. 8B, 8–2 and 9–2 samples. Eriodictyol was only identified in Enterococcus sp. 8B sample. The metabolic routes and metabolites of astilbin produced by the different intestinal bacteria are reported for the first time. This will be useful for the investigation of the pharmacokinetic study of astilbin in vivo and the role of different intestinal bacteria in the metabolism of natural compounds. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isolation and characterization of lung resident mesenchymal stem cells capable of differentiating into alveolar epithelial type II cells
Authors: Gong Xuemin , Sun Zhaorui , Cui Di , Xu Xiaomeng , Zhu Huiming , Wang Lihui , Qian Weiping , Han Xiaodong 
Published: January 2014

AbstractControversies and risks continue to be reported about exogenous mesenchymal stem cell‐based therapies. In contrast with employing exogenous stem cells, making use of lung resident mesenchymal stem cells (LR‐MSCs) could be advantageous. Our study sought to isolate the LR‐MSCs and explore their potential to differentiate into alveolar epithelial type II cells (ATII cells). Total lung cells were first precultured, from which the Sca‐1+CD45−CD31− population was purified using fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). By these methods, it would seem that the Sca‐1+CD45−CD31− cells were LR‐MSCs. Similar to bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM‐MSCs), these cells express Sca‐1, CD29, CD90, CD44 and CD106, but not CD31 or CD45. They share the same gene expression file with the BM‐MSCs and have a similar DNA content during long‐term culturing. Furthermore, they could be serially passaged with all these properties being sustained. Above all, LR‐MSCs could differentiate into ATII cells when co‐cultured with ATII cells in a trans‐well system. These findings demonstrated that the Sca‐1+CD45−CD31− cells appear to be LR‐MSCs that can differentiate into ATII cells. This approach may hold promise for their use in the treatment of lung disease.
Structure of NADH‐Dependent Carbonyl Reductase (CPCR2) from Candida parapsilosis Provides Insight into Mutations that Improve Catalytic Properties
Authors: Man Henry , Loderer Christoph , Ansorge‐Schumacher Marion B. , Grogan Gideon 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe (S)‐selective carbonyl reductase CPCR2 from Candida parapsilosis is a member of the medium‐chain reductase family of enzymes and is a useful biocatalyst for the reduction of prochiral ketone substrates. The structure of CPCR2 was determined in complex with the cofactor NADH [NADH=reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)] to a resolution of 2.05 Å. Two dimers formed a tetramer in the asymmetric unit, but solution studies confirmed that a dimer was the predominant species in solution. In the monomer, the NADH cofactor is bound at the interface between the nucleotide binding domain and the catalytic domain, and the Re‐face hydride of the nicotinamide ring is presented to a hydrophobic binding pocket featuring the Leu262, Phe285, Trp286, Trp116, Leu119, Leu55 and Val50 residues, which leads to the surface of the enzyme. The catalytic zinc and coordinating amino acid side chains were observed in different conformations in the different monomers. In three out of four monomers, the zinc was coordinated by His65, Asp154, Glu66 and a water molecule; in the other subunit, an alternative coordination sphere, consisting of His65, Asp154, Cys44 and a water molecule, was observed. The change in coordination was accompanied by a movement of a mobile region of the protein chain between residues 43 and 63, which bears Cys44. The structure of CPCR2 provides further evidence of a dynamic coordination sphere for zinc in medium‐chain reductase dependent catalysis. It also sheds light on previous engineering studies on CPCR2 that were performed in the absence of structural data and provides a robust and reliable new model for further experiments directed towards improvement or alteration of CPCR2 activity.
Propane‐1,2‐diols from Dilactides, Oligolactides, or Poly‐L‐lactic Acid (PLLA): From Plastic Waste to Chiral Bulk Chemicals
Authors: Shuklov Ivan A. , Dubrovina Natalia V. , Schulze Joachim , Tietz Wolfgang , Kühlein Klaus , Börner Armin 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe preparation of racemic or enantioenriched propane‐1,2‐diol from dilactides, oligolactides, or poly‐L‐lactic acid (PLLA) is described. The transformation is carried out as tandem reactions in MeOH, covering hydrolysis and subsequent hydrogenation by using copper chromite as a catalyst. The starting material present undesired side products of the PLLA synthesis or PLLA waste.
2,5‐Difluorenyl‐Substituted Siloles for the Fabrication of High‐Performance Yellow Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Chen Bin , Jiang Yibin , Chen Long , Nie Han , He Bairong , Lu Ping , Sung Herman H. Y. , Williams Ian D. , Kwok Hoi Sing , Qin Anjun , Zhao Zujin , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: January 2014

Abstract2,3,4,5‐Tetraarylsiloles are a class of important luminogenic materials with efficient solid‐state emission and excellent electron‐transport capacity. However, those exhibiting outstanding electroluminescence properties are still rare. In this work, bulky 9,9‐dimethylfluorenyl, 9,9‐diphenylfluorenyl, and 9,9′‐spirobifluorenyl substituents were introduced into the 2,5‐positions of silole rings. The resulting 2,5‐difluorenyl‐substituted siloles are thermally stable and have low‐lying LUMO energy levels. Crystallographic analysis revealed that intramolecular π–π interactions are prone to form between 9,9′‐spirobifluorene units and phenyl rings at the 3,4‐positions of the silole ring. In the solution state, these new siloles show weak blue and green emission bands, arising from the fluorenyl groups and silole rings with a certain extension of π conjugation, respectively. With increasing substituent volume, intramolecular rotation is decreased, and thus the emissions of the present siloles gradually improved and they showed higher fluorescence quantum yields (ΦF=2.5–5.4 %) than 2,3,4,5‐tetraphenylsiloles. They are highly emissive in solid films, with dominant green to yellow emissions and good solid‐state ΦF values (75–88 %). Efficient organic light‐emitting diodes were fabricated by adopting them as host emitters and gave high luminance, current efficiency, and power efficiency of up to 44 100 cd m−2, 18.3 cd A−1, and 15.7 lm W−1, respectively. Notably, a maximum external quantum efficiency of 5.5 % was achieved in an optimized device.
Towards Eumelanin@Zeolite Hybrids: Pore‐Size‐Controlled 5,6‐Dihydroxyindole Polymerization
Authors: Prasetyanto Eko Adi , Manini Paola , Napolitano Alessandra , Crescenzi Orlando , d'Ischia Marco , De Cola Luisa 
Published: January 2014

Abstract5,6‐Dihydroxyindole (1) and its N‐methyl derivative (2), key eumelanin building blocks, were inserted into zeolite L by sublimation at 175 °C for 5 days. At a 10 mg/300 mg indole/zeolite ratio, the resulting hybrids displayed a stable deep red coloration. CP/MAS 13C NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy of the red species suggested the generation and accommodation of quinonoid biindole derivative(s) within the void space of the acidic zeolite channels. Removal of the zeolite matrix by treatment with HF gave a stable species that could be separated by HPLC and characterized by mass spectrometry as an oxygenated biindole derivative (or a mixture of isomers), suggesting addition of water to the original dimer and subsequent re‐oxidation. The characterization was corroborated by optimized molecular geometries and simulated UV spectra with density functional calculations. Loading 1 or 2 into the larger pores of SBA‐15 type mesoporous silica resulted in black eumelanin‐type polymers, confirming channel size dependence over the polymerization process.
Unraveling the Crystal Structure of Lanthanide–Murexide Complexes: Use of an Ancient Complexometry Indicator as a Near‐Infrared‐Emitting Single‐Ion Magnet
Authors: Yi Xiaohui , Bernot Kevin , Le Corre Vincent , Calvez Guillaume , Pointillart Fabrice , Cador Olivier , Le Guennic Boris , Jung Julie , Maury Olivier , Placide Virginie , Guyot Yannick , Roisnel Thierry , Daiguebonne Carole , Guillou Olivier 
Published: January 2014

AbstractHerein, we provide some structural evidence of the complexation color‐change of murexide solutions in presence of lanthanide, which has been used for decades in complexometric studies. For Ln=Sm to Lu and Y, the compounds crystallize as monomeric [Ln(Murex)3]⋅11 H2O with an N3O6 tricapped square‐antiprism environment, which are stable up to 250 °C. Single‐ion magnet (SIM) behavior is then observed on the YbIII derivative in an original nine‐coordinated environment. In‐field slow relaxation (Δ=(15.6±1) K; τ0=2.73×10−6 s) is observed with a very narrow distribution of the relaxation time (αmax=0.09). Magnetic and photophysical properties can be correlated. On one hand the analysis of NIR emission spectrum permits to have access to crystal field parameters and to compare them with those extracted from dc measurements. On the other hand, magnetic measurements permit to identify the nature of the MJ states involved in the 2F5/2→2F7/2 luminescence spectrum. The gap between the low‐lying states is in agreement with the energy barrier obtained from magnetic slow‐relaxation measurement.
Microfluidic Design of Complex Emulsions
Authors: Choi Chang‐Hyung , Kim Jongmin , Nam Jin‐Oh , Kang Sung‐Min , Jeong Seong‐Geun , Lee Chang‐Soo 
Published: January 2014

AbstractControllable generation of complex emulsions comprising exceptional features such as several compartments and shape anisotropy is becoming increasingly important. Complex emulsions are attracting great interest due to their significant potential in many applications, including foods, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, materials, and chemical separations. Microfluidics is emerging as a promising route to the generation of complex emulsions, providing precise control over emulsion shape, size, and compartments. The aim of this Minireview is to mainly describe the progress of microfluidic approaches to design complex emulsions using hydrodynamic control and phase separation. The emulsions formed are classified according to their morphology, anisotropy, and internal structure. Emerging applications of complex emulsions formed using these microfluidic techniques are discussed.