bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metals in cosmetics: implications for human health
Authors: Borowska Sylwia , Brzóska Malgorzata M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractCosmetics, preparations repeatedly applied directly to the human skin, mucous membranes, hair and nails, should be safe for health, however, recently there has been increasing concern about their safety. Unfortunately, using these products in some cases is related to the occurrence of unfavourable effects resulting from intentional or the accidental presence of chemical substances, including toxic metals. Heavy metals such as lead, mercury, cadmium, arsenic and nickel, as well as aluminium, classified as a light metal, are detected in various types of cosmetics (colour cosmetics, face and body care products, hair cosmetics, herbal cosmetics, etc.). In addition, necessary, but harmful when they occur in excessive amounts, elements such as copper, iron, chromium and cobalt are also present in cosmetic products. Metals occurring in cosmetics may undergo retention and act directly in the skin or be absorbed through the skin into the blood, accumulate in the body and exert toxic effects in various organs. Some cases of topical (mainly allergic contact dermatitis) and systemic effects owing to exposure to metals present in cosmetics have been reported. Literature data show that in commercially available cosmetics toxic metals may be present in amounts creating a danger to human health. Thus, the present review article focused on the problems related to the presence of heavy metals and aluminium in cosmetics, including their sources, concentrations and law regulations as well as danger for the health of these products users. Owing to the growing usage of cosmetics it is necessary to pay special attention to these problems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative effects of sulfhydryl compounds on target organellae, nuclei and mitochondria, of hydroxylated fullerene‐induced cytotoxicity in isolated rat hepatocytes
Authors: Nakagawa Yoshio , Inomata Akiko , Ogata Akio , Nakae Dai 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDNA damage and cytotoxicity induced by a hydroxylated fullerene [C60(OH)24], which is a spherical nanomaterial and/or a water‐soluble fullerene derivative, and their protection by sulfhydryl compounds were studied in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes. The exposure of hepatocytes to C60(OH)24 at a concentration of 50 μM caused time (0 to 3 h)‐dependent cell death accompanied by the formation of cell surface blebs, the loss of cellular levels of ATP and reduced glutathione, accumulation of glutathione disulfide, and induction of DNA fragmentation assayed using alkali single‐cell agarose‐gel electrophoresis. C60(OH)24‐induced cytotoxicity was effectively prevented by pretreatment with sulfhydryl compounds. N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC), L‐cysteine and L‐methionine, at a concentration of 2.5 mM, ameliorated cell death, accompanied by a decrease in cellular ATP levels, formation of cell surface blebs, induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential caused by C60(OH)24. In addition, DNA fragmentation caused by C60(OH)24 was also inhibited by NAC, whereas an antioxidant ascorbic acid did not affect C60(OH)24‐induced cell death and DNA damage in rat hepatocytes. Taken collectively, these results indicate that incubation of rat hepatocytes with C60(OH)24 elicits DNA damage, suggesting that nuclei as well as mitochondria are target sites of the hydroxylated fullerene; and induction of DNA damage and oxidative stress is ameliorated by an increase in cellular GSH levels, suggesting that the onset of toxic effects may be partially attributable to a thiol redox‐state imbalance caused by C60(OH)24. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel in situ liquefying antimicrobial wrap for preventing tissue expander infections following breast reconstructive surgeries
Authors: Rosenblatt Joel , Viola George M. , Reitzel Ruth A. , Jamal Mohamed A. , Crosby Melissa A. , Raad Issam 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBreast reconstruction surgeries using tissue expanders (TEs) have highly reported infection rates. To decrease this, we developed a method for disinfecting TEs and surgical pockets, where an antimicrobial solution was applied as a solid film at implantation that subsequently liquefied in situ to provide extended prophylaxis. Silicone discs cut from TEs were covered with gelatin‐based films containing minocycline (M) and rifampin (R). Discs and films soaked in saline were subsequently challenged with pathogen at days 1, 3, 7, and 10 and quantified for potential biofilm formation. Discs that were not harvested at each specific time points were refreshed with sterile saline. The discs were challenged with clinical isolates of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE), and multidrug‐resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR‐PA). Recoveries of adherent organisms from uncovered silicone discs and gelatin‐wrapped discs without added antimicrobial agents were >5 × 104 CFU/disc for each organism at each time point. Experimental 0.1%M/0.05%R gelatin films completely inhibited all challenge organisms from attaching to the silicone (p < 0.05) at each time point through day 10. Cytotoxicity was assessed by incubating films with HEK‐293T human fibroblasts. There were no significant differences in HEK‐293T cell survival between controls and any of the antimicrobial films. The in situ liquefying, bioabsorable, antimicrobial wrap prevented biofilm formation by microorganisms on silicone surfaces in vitro with minimal cytotoxicity. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 369–374, 2016.
Feasibility of pig and human‐derived aortic valve interstitial cells seeding on fixative‐free decellularized animal pericardium
Authors: Santoro Rosaria , Consolo Filippo , Spiccia Marco , Piola Marco , Kassem Samer , Prandi Francesca , Vinci Maria Cristina , Forti Elisa , Polvani Gianluca , Fiore Gianfranco Beniamino , Soncini Monica , Pesce Maurizio 
Published: March 2015

AbstractGlutaraldehyde‐fixed pericardium of animal origin is the elective material for the fabrication of bio‐prosthetic valves for surgical replacement of insufficient/stenotic cardiac valves. However, the pericardial tissue employed to this aim undergoes severe calcification due to chronic inflammation resulting from a non‐complete immunological compatibility of the animal‐derived pericardial tissue resulting from failure to remove animal‐derived xeno‐antigens. In the mid/long‐term, this leads to structural deterioration, mechanical failure, and prosthesis leaflets rupture, with consequent need for re‐intervention. In the search for novel procedures to maximize biological compatibility of the pericardial tissue into immunocompetent background, we have recently devised a procedure to decellularize the human pericardium as an alternative to fixation with aldehydes. In the present contribution, we used this procedure to derive sheets of decellularized pig pericardium. The decellularized tissue was first tested for the presence of 1,3 α‐galactose (αGal), one of the main xenoantigens involved in prosthetic valve rejection, as well as for mechanical tensile behavior and distensibility, and finally seeded with pig‐ and human‐derived aortic valve interstitial cells. We demonstrate that the decellularization procedure removed the αGAL antigen, maintained the mechanical characteristics of the native pig pericardium, and ensured an efficient surface colonization of the tissue by animal‐ and human‐derived aortic valve interstitial cells. This establishes, for the first time, the feasibility of fixative‐free pericardial tissue seeding with valve competent cells for derivation of tissue engineered heart valve leaflets. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 345–356, 2016.
Expression of the IL‐11 Gene in Metastatic Cells Is Supported by Runx2‐Smad and Runx2‐cJun Complexes Induced by TGFβ1
Authors: Zhang Xuhui , Wu Hai , Dobson Jason R. , Browne Gillian , Hong Deli , Akech Jacqueline , Languino Lucia R. , Stein Gary S. , Lian Jane B. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTIn tumor cells, two factors are abnormally increased that contribute to metastatic bone disease: Runx2, a transcription factor that promotes expression of metastasis related and osteolytic genes; and IL‐11, a secreted osteolytic cytokine. Here, we addressed a compelling question: Does Runx2 regulate IL‐11 gene expression? We find a positive correlation between Runx2, IL‐11 and TGFβ1, a driver of the vicious cycle of metastatic bone disease, in prostate cancer (PC) cell lines representing early (LNCaP) and late (PC3) stage disease. Further, like Runx2 knockdown, IL‐11 knockdown significantly reduced expression of several osteolytic factors. Modulation of Runx2 expression results in corresponding changes in IL‐11 expression. The IL‐11 gene has Runx2, AP‐1 sites and Smad binding elements located on the IL‐11 promoter. Here, we demonstrated that Runx2‐c‐Jun as well as Runx2‐Smad complexes upregulate IL‐11 expression. Functional studies identified a significant loss of IL‐11 expression in PC3 cells in the presence of the Runx2‐HTY mutant protein, a mutation that disrupts Runx2‐Smad signaling. In response to TGFβ1 and in the presence of Runx2, we observed a 30‐fold induction of IL‐11 expression, accompanied by increased c‐Jun binding to the IL‐11 promoter. Immunoprecipitation and in situ co‐localization studies demonstrated that Runx2 and c‐Jun form nuclear complexes in PC3 cells. Thus, TGFβ1 signaling induces two independent transcriptional pathways ‐ AP‐1 and Runx2. These transcriptional activators converge on IL‐11 as a result of Runx2‐Smad and Runx2‐c‐Jun interactions to amplify IL‐11 gene expression that, together with Runx2, supports the osteolytic pathology of cancer induced bone disease. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 2098–2108, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Actor‐Partner Effects and the Differential Roles of Depression and Anxiety in Intimate Relationships: A Cross‐Sectional and Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Rehman Uzma S. , Evraire Lyndsay E. , Karimiha Gelareh , Goodnight Jackson A. 
Published: March 2015

ObjectiveThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the differential roles of depression and anxiety in intimate relationship satisfaction, both cross‐sectionally and longitudinally.MethodThe cross‐sectional sample comprised 70 couples, of which 48 couples also participated at follow‐up. All couples completed measures of relationship satisfaction and symptoms of depression and anxiety.ResultsCross‐sectionally, actor symptoms of depression were the only predictor of relationship satisfaction, after controlling for symptoms of anxiety. Conversely, depressive symptoms did not predict change in relationship satisfaction over time above and beyond the effects of anxiety. Instead, actor symptoms of anxiety at time 1 predicted a decline in relationship satisfaction from time 1 to time 2. For wives, their husbands’ levels of anxiety at time 1 also predicted longitudinal change in relationship satisfaction.ConclusionThese results highlight the importance of studying the constructs of depression and anxiety simultaneously, and point to intriguing gender differences.
Targeted inhibition of osteosarcoma tumor growth by bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells expressing cytosine deaminase/5‐fluorocytosine in tumor‐bearing mice
Authors: NguyenThai Quynh‐Anh , Sharma Neelesh , Luong Do Huynh , Sodhi Simrinder Singh , Kim Jeong‐Hyun , Kim Nameun , Oh Sung‐Jong , Jeong Dong Kee 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered as an attractive approach for gene or drug delivery in cancer therapy. In the present study, the ability of human bone marrow‐derived MSCs expressing the cytosine deaminase/5‐fluorocytosine prodrug (CD/5‐FC MSCs) to target the human osteosarcoma cell line Cal72 was evaluated.MethodsThe stable CD/5‐FC MSC cell line was established by transfection of pEGFP containing the cytosine deaminase gene into MSCs with G418 selection. The anti‐tumor effect was verified by a bystander effect assay in vitro and co‐injection of Cal72 and CD/5‐FC MSCs in cancer‐bearing mice.ResultsThe therapeutic CD/5‐FC MSCs retained the characteristics of multipotent cells, such as differentiation into adipocytes/osteocytes and expression of mesenchymal markers (CD90 and CD44), and showed migration toward Cal72 cells to a greater extent than the native MSCs. The bystander effect assay showed that the CD/5‐FC MSCs significantly augmented Cal72 cytotoxicity in direct co‐culture and in the presence of 5‐FC through the application of conditioned medium. In osteosarcoma‐bearing mice, the CD/5‐FC MSCs inhibited tumor growth compared to control mice subcutaneously injected with only Cal72 cells.ConclusionsTaken together, these findings suggest that CD/5‐FC MSCs may be suitable for targeting human osteosarcoma. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A multifaceted hospitalist quality improvement intervention: Decreased frequency of common labs
Authors: Corson Adam H. , Fan Vincent S. , White Travis , Sullivan Sean D. , Asakura Kenji , Myint Michael , Dale Christopher R. 
Published: March 2015

PURPOSECommon labs such as a daily complete blood count or a daily basic metabolic panel represent possible waste and have been targeted by professional societies and the Choosing Wisely campaign for critical evaluation. We undertook a multifaceted quality‐improvement (QI) intervention in a large community hospitalist group to decrease unnecessary common labs.METHODSThe QI intervention was composed of academic detailing, audit and feedback, and transparent reporting of the frequency with which common labs were ordered as daily within the hospitalist group. We performed a pre‐post analysis, comparing a cohort of patients during the 10‐month baseline period before the QI intervention and the 7‐month intervention period. Demographic and clinical data were collected from the electronic medical record. The primary endpoint was number of common labs ordered per patient‐day as estimated by a clustered multivariable linear regression model clustering by ordering hospitalist. Secondary endpoints included length of stay, hospital mortality, 30‐day readmission, blood transfusion, amount of blood transfused, and laboratory cost per patient.RESULTSThe baseline (n = 7824) and intervention (n = 5759) cohorts were similar in their demographics, though the distribution of primary discharge diagnosis‐related groups differed. At baseline, a mean of 2.06 (standard deviation 1.40) common labs were ordered per patient‐day. Adjusting for age, sex, and principle discharge diagnosis, the number of common labs ordered per patient‐day decreased by 0.22 (10.7%) during the intervention period compared to baseline (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34 to 0.11; P < 0.01). There were nonsignificant reductions in hospital mortality in the intervention period compared to baseline (2.2% vs 1.8%, P = 0.1) as well as volume of blood transfused in patients who received a transfusion (127.2 mL decrease; 95% CI, −257.9 to 3.6; P = 0.06). No effect was seen on length of stay or readmission rate. The intervention decreased hospital direct costs by an estimated $16.19 per admission or $151,682 annualized (95% CI, $119,746 to $187,618).CONCLUSIONImplementation of a multifaceted QI intervention within a community‐based hospitalist group was associated with a significant, but modest, decrease in the number of ordered lab tests and hospital costs. No effect was seen on hospital length of stay, mortality, or readmission rate. This intervention suggests that a community‐based hospitalist QI intervention focused on daily labs can be effective in safely reducing healthcare waste without compromising quality of care. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;10:390–395. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
In vivo strains in the femur of the nine‐banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus)
Authors: Copploe Joseph V. , Blob Richard W. , Parrish John H.A. , Butcher Michael T. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTThe capacity of limb bones to resist the locomotor loads they encounter depends on both the pattern of those loads and the material properties of the skeletal elements. Among mammals, understanding of the interplay between these two factors has been based primarily on evidence from locomotor behaviors in upright placentals, which show limb bones that are loaded predominantly in anteroposterior bending with minimal amounts of torsion. However, loading patterns from the femora of opossums, marsupials using crouched limb posture, show appreciable torsion while the bone experiences mediolateral (ML) bending. These data indicated greater loading diversity in mammals than was previously recognized, and suggested the possibility that ancestral loading patterns found in sprawling lineages (e.g., reptilian sauropsids) might have been retained among basal mammals. To further test this hypothesis, we recorded in vivo locomotor strains from the femur of the nine‐banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus), a member of the basal xenarthran clade of placental mammals that also uses crouched limb posture. Orientations of principal strains and magnitudes of shear strains indicate that armadillo femora are exposed to only limited torsion; however, bending is essentially ML, placing the medial aspect of the femur in compression and the lateral aspect in tension. This orientation of bending is similar to that found in opossums, but planar strain analyses indicate much more of the armadillo femur experiences tension during bending, potentially due to muscles pulling on the large, laterally positioned third trochanter. Limb bone safety factors were estimated between 3.3 and 4.3 in bending, similar to other placental mammals, but lower than opossums and most sprawling taxa. Thus, femoral loading patterns in armadillos show a mixture of similarities to both opossums (ML bending) and other placentals (limited torsion and low safety factors), along with unique features (high axial tension) that likely relate to their distinctive hindlimb anatomy. J. Morphol. 26:889–899, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A 3D finite element analysis of large‐scale nonlinear dynamic electromagnetic problems by harmonic balancing and domain decomposition
Authors: Yao Wang , Jin Jian‐Ming , Krein Philip T. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe dual–primal finite element tearing and interconnecting (FETI‐DP) method is applied together with the harmonic balance method and the fixed‐point (FP) method to improve the efficiency of three‐dimensional finite element analysis of large‐scale nonlinear dynamic electromagnetic problems. The FETI‐DP method decomposes the original problem into smaller subdomains problems. Combined with parallel computing techniques, the total computation time can be reduced significantly. To account for nonlinear B‐H characteristics, the FP method is applied together with the polarization formulation. Because the FP method assumes a constant reluctivity, it decouples the systems of different harmonics. The FETI‐DP method can then be applied to speed up the simulation of each harmonic in each FP iteration. Two benchmark problems and a three‐phase inductor are simulated by the proposed method to validate the formulation and demonstrate its performance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Grizzly bear connectivity mapping in the Canada–United States trans‐border region
Authors: Proctor Michael F. , Nielsen Scott E. , Kasworm Wayne F. , Servheen Chris , Radandt Thomas G. , Machutchon A. Grant , Boyce Mark S. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTFragmentation is a growing threat to wildlife worldwide and managers need solutions to reverse its impacts on species' populations. Populations of grizzly bears (Ursus arctos), often considered an umbrella and focal species for large mammal conservation, are fragmented by human settlement and major highways in the trans‐border region of southern British Columbia, northern Montana, Idaho, and northeastern Washington. To improve prospects for bear movement among 5 small fragmented grizzly bear subpopulations, we asked 2 inter‐related questions: Are there preferred linkage habitats for grizzly bears across settled valleys with major highways in the fragmented trans‐border region, and if so, could we predict them using a combination of resource selection functions and human settlement patterns? We estimated a resource selection function (RSF) to identify high quality backcountry core habitat and to predict front‐country linkage areas using global positioning system (GPS) telemetry locations representing an average of 12 relocations per day from 27 grizzly bears (13F, 14M). We used RSF models and data on human presence (building density) to inform cost surfaces for connectivity network analyses identifying linkage areas based on least‐cost path, corridor, and circuit theory methods. We identified 60 trans‐border (Canada–USA) linkage areas across all major highways and settlement zones in the Purcell, Selkirk, and Cabinet Mountains encompassing 24% of total highway length. We tested the correspondence of the core and linkage areas predicted from models with grizzly bear use based on bear GPS telemetry locations and movement data. Highway crossings were relatively rare; however, 88% of 122 crossings from 13 of our bears were within predicted linkage areas (mean = 8.3 crossings/bear, SE = 2.8, range 1–31, 3 bears with 1 crossing) indicating bears use linkage habitat that could be predicted with an RSF. Long‐term persistence of small fragmented grizzly bear populations will require management of connectivity with larger populations. Linkage areas identified here could inform such efforts. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Aminobisphosphonate Polymers via RAFT and a Multicomponent Kabachnik–Fields Reaction
Authors: Bachler Patricia R. , Schulz Michael D. , Sparks Chelsea A. , Wagener Kenneth B. , Sumerlin Brent S. 
Published: March 2015

Polyacrylamides containing pendant aminobisphosphonate groups are synthesized via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and a multicomponent postpolymerization functionalization reaction. A Moedritzer–Irani reaction installs the phosphonic acid groups on well‐defined, RAFT‐generated polymers bearing a pendant amine. An alternate route to the same materials is developed utilizing a three‐component Kabachnik–Fields reaction and subsequent dealkylation. Kinetics of the RAFT polymerization of the polymer precursor are studied. Successful functionalization is demonstrated by NMR and FTIR spectroscopy and elemental analysis of the final polymers.image