bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiobjective optimization design of concentric ring arrays with 3D beam scanning using differential evolution algorithm
Authors: Zhang Li , Jiao Yong‐Chang , Chen Bo , Weng Zi‐Bin 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis paper presents a multiobjective differential evolution (MODE) algorithm for designing concentric ring arrays with three‐dimensional (3D) beam scanning. The problem formulation of the concentric ring arrays with 3D beam scanning based on the optimization of the array geometry is a constrained multiobjective optimization problem. To obtain 3D beam scanning, concentric ring array geometries are optimized. The design tradeoffs, namely, the directivity, peak sidelobe level, and the total number of elements of the concentric ring array, are captured by using MODE. MODE adopts an external archive to retain nondominated solutions that are found during the evolutionary process. The method yields the distribution of the objective function values and the corresponding array configurations. In addition, the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm‐II (NSGA‐II), which is a well‐known multiobjective evolutionary algorithm, is also employed to optimize the proposed problems. The comparison with the results of NSGA‐II reveals the superiority of the MODE approach and confirms its potential for the array synthesis problems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Climate impact of deforestation over South Sudan in a regional climate model
Authors: Salih Abubakr A. M. , Körnich Heiner , Tjernström Michael 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis study examines the sensitivity of climate to changes in vegetation cover and land use in South Sudan. The focus lies on the effect of deforestation on precipitation and surface temperature especially during the rainy season. Sensitivity experiments are performed with the third version of the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model (RegCM3) where the present forest and vegetation cover south of 10°N in Sudan are replaced by either grass or, as an extreme case, desert. The model experiments were conducted for a time period of almost 21 years, from January 1989 to August 2009, and were preceded by a control experiment to ascertain the fidelity of the model simulations. The experiments indicate that the vegetation changes affect precipitation and surface temperature in both Southern and Central Sudan significantly although the land cover changes were imposed only in the south. The precipitation during the rainy season (June through September) was reduced in the perturbed region by about 0.1–2.1 mm d−1 for the desert scenario and by 0.1–0.9 mm d−1 for the grass scenario. The surface temperature increases by about 1.2 and 2.4 °C in the grass and desert scenario, respectively. The precipitation reduction is thus not only local but also extends to Central Sudan and neighbouring regions. The study demonstrates significant dependency for Southern and Central Sudan precipitation on the land use in Southern Sudan and indicates that the deforestation has both local and non‐local regional climatic effects.
Atmospheric circulation types and winter daily precipitation in Iran
Authors: Raziei Tayeb , Bordi Isabella , Santos João A. , Mofidi Abbas 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTThe relationship between daily large‐scale atmospheric circulation types (CTs) and wintertime daily precipitation over Iran during the period 1965–2000 is investigated. Twelve atmospheric CTs identified in a previous study, which applied the K‐means clustering technique to the rotated principal components (RPCs) of the 500 hPa geopotential height fields, are also considered in this study. The leading spatial modes of daily precipitation variability over Iran are extracted by a PC analysis, with Varimax rotation, applied to the APHRODITE (Asian Precipitation‐Highly Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation of the Water Resources) gridded precipitation dataset; six Iranian sub‐regions with independent precipitation variability are identified. The relationships between the CTs and the daily precipitation are investigated by computing: (1) the spatial patterns of the performance index (PI) for each CT and (2) the cross tabulations between the frequencies of occurrence of the CTs and the RPC scores of the daily precipitation, associated with each of the six sub‐regions. Results suggest that two particular CTs affect the precipitation occurrence over most of the country, while the remaining ten provide more regional or negligible contributions to precipitation. The more (less) influencing CTs in each precipitation sub‐region are then identified and a characterization of the main large‐scale atmospheric features governing the winter precipitation fields is provided.
ETV5 as a regulator of matrix metalloproteinase 2 in human chondrosarcoma
Authors: Power Patricia F. , Mak Isabella W. Y. , Singh Shalini , Popovic Snezana , Gladdy Rebecca , Ghert Michelle 
Published: September 2012

AbstractChondrosarcoma is a unique type of bone cancer in that it does not respond to chemotherapy or radiation therapy, and therefore many affected patients die from metastatic disease. Metastasis has been correlated with the upregulation of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family of proteases, which can degrade extracellular components. ETV5 is a transcription factor which has shown to be overexpressed in various types of invasive tumors. We hypothesized that ETV5 regulates MMP2 in human chondrosarcoma with the protease acting as a downstream effector. Gene knock‐down of ETV5 in human chondrosarcoma cells reduces MMP2 mRNA expression as well as decreased protein production and significantly decreased MMP2 activity. With plasmid transfected ETV5 upregulation, MMP2 expression is similarly upregulated at the gene expression and protein levels. Data from our bone resorption studies revealed that when a matrix metalloproteinase‐2 inhibitor is added to the growth media of chondrosarcoma cells, collagen released from bone chips incubated with the cells decreased by 27%. This data suggests that ETV5 has a significant role in regulating MMP2 expression and therefore matrix resorption in human chondrosarcoma, and thus may be a targetable upstream effector of the metastatic cascade in this cancer. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 493–501, 2013
Nutritional content of fresh and canned peaches
Authors: Durst Robert W , Weaver George W 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to assess whether canned peaches could deliver nutrient levels comparable to fresh peaches. Fresh freestone peaches, fresh cling peaches and canned cling peaches were analyzed for vitamins A, C and E, folate, antioxidants, total phenolics and total carotenoids to assess how these nutrients were affected by the canning process and whether storage further changed these components.RESULTS: The vitamins and phytochemicals measured in this study were found to be present in canned cling peaches versus fresh freestone at statistically significantly higher levels (vitamin C, antioxidants and folate); higher but not statistically different levels (vitamin A); or lower, but not statistically different levels (vitamin E, total phenolics and total carotenoids). There were no statistically significant changes in nutrient content during storage for 3 months.CONCLUSIONS: The nutritional content of canned peaches has been shown in this study to be comparable to that of fresh peaches. There were no statistically significant decreases in those nutritional parameters measured in this study between fresh freestone peaches and canned cling peaches. Vitamins A and E along with total carotenoids decrease immediately upon processing, but appear to stabilize after the processing step, showing minimal additional changes upon storage for 3 months. This study shows that canned peaches can provide comparable nutrient levels to the consumer as fresh peaches, meaning that consumers can enjoy peaches year round without worrying about loss of nutrients in their diet. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Identification of flavonoids with trypsin inhibitory activity extracted from orange peel and green tea leaves
Authors: Shahwar Durre , Raza Muhammad A , Atta‐Ur‐Rahman  
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundOrange peel (Citrus sinensis) and green tea (Camellia sinensis) leaves, rich sources of food flavonoids, were analyzed for their trypsin inhibitory potential. Hesperetin, rutin and hesperidin from orange peel, and catechin from green tea leaves, were isolated and their chemical structures were analyzed. All four compounds were evaluated for their trypsin inhibitory potential.ResultsAmong all the isolated compounds, rutin exhibited the highest protease inhibition activity (75.4 ± 0.9%) with IC50 = 16 ± 2 µmol L−1, followed by catechin (65.3 ± 1.4%; IC50 = 83 ± 9 µmol L−1), hesperetin (62.1 ± 1.3%; IC50 = 104 ± 12 µmol L−1) and hesperidin (59.7 ± 1.1%; IC50 = 127 ± 14 µmol L−1). Lineweaver–Burk and Dixon plots and their secondary replots indicated that all four compounds possessed non‐competitive inhibition. The Ki values of hesperetin, rutin, hesperidin and catechin were calculated as 90.2 ± 1.1, 17.5 ± 0.6, 84.2 ± 1.5 and 65.1 ± 1.5 µmol L−1 respectively.ConclusionThe present results suggest that the four isolated flavonoids can be used as a supplement in food for the treatment of pathologies associated with the degradation of a specific protein. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
A potential biodegradable lubricant from castor biodiesel esters
Authors: da Silva José André Cavalcanti , Habert Alberto Cláudio , Freire Denise Maria Guimarães 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTWorldwide, 12 million tonnes per year of lubricants are disposed of in the environment through leakages, exhausted gas, incorrect disposal, water–oil emulsions and so on. Some are resistant to biodegradation, representing an environmental threat. One solution to modify this situation is the replacement of mineral oils by biodegradable synthetic lubricants. Esters, whose chemical structures are similar to natural triglycerides, are excellent substitutes for mineral oils. Castor oil contains around 90% ricinoleic acid, and as a result, castor oil has a higher viscosity and a lower viscosity index, compared with other vegetable oils. This work was based on the production of biodegradable lubricant base fluids from castor biodiesel esters, using various chemical catalysts to yield products with interesting properties, such as high viscosity index and good oxidation stability, compared with mineral oils. This route to lubricants is safer, more economical and more efficient. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cultivating wisdom
Authors: Garvey Berger Jennifer 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBerger believes that with dizzying change, leaders have an almost unprecedented scope to shape and create the future. They must move beyond good judgment to cultivating wisdom. She explains how our minds and emotions develop, leading to a goal of a “self‐transforming” form of mind, even higher than the highly evolved “self‐authored” one: “These leaders can use the tension of very different stakeholders to create innovation rather than discord. They see the biggest picture and reach far into the future in their vision. They hold the often‐conflicting requirements of health of individuals, organization, community, and the planet simultaneously.”
Influence of the Surfactant Concentration on Miniemulsion Polymerization for the Preparation of Hybrid Nanoparticles
Authors: Hecht Lena L. , Wagner Caroline , Özcan Özge , Eisenbart Felix , Köhler Karsten , Landfester Katharina , Schuchmann Heike P. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe surfactant concentration in miniemulsion polymerization is a very important parameter. At surfactant concentrations lower than a critical value, coalescence of monomer droplets changes their size, whereas concentrations too high lead to the formation of micelles and micellar nucleation in the polymerization step. Inorganic particles dispersed in the monomer phase, with the goal to produce hybrid particles, influence the surfactant concentration needed as shown in this contribution. Values for the ideal surfactant concentration have been determined for different combinations of particles and surfactant. Underlying mechanisms for the required adjustment of surfactant concentration are discussed.
The Effects of Incidental Ad Exposure on Consumption‐Enhancing and Consumption‐Critical Processes
Authors: Sauerland Martin , Felser Georg , Krajewski Jarek 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTThis article focuses on consumers’ unconscious counter‐reactions to incidentally received advertising appeals. Recipients can be influenced automatically by incidental ad exposure due to evaluative conditioning processes, mere‐exposure effects, or priming events. However, it is assumed that such processes, especially priming events, can also lead to automatic counter‐reactions. To test this assumption experimentally, the type of ad exposure was systematically varied between focused, incidental, and control. Among other variables participants’ response latencies to consumption‐critical word pairs in comparison to neutral pairs were measured to assess the ability to counter‐react received advertising information. Response latencies were considerably lower in the focused and incidental test conditions than they were in the control group. Since participants in the incidental group were only able to analyze the ads preattentively, results indicate an automatic activation of consumption‐critical motives or cognitions—critical associations were more available here. Thus, results provisionally support the underlying hypothesis.
Significant differences in coeliac immunotoxicity of barley varieties
Authors: Comino Isabel , Real Ana , Gil‐Humanes Javier , Pistón Fernando , de Lorenzo Laura , Moreno Ma de Lourdes , López‐Casado Miguel Ángel , Lorite Pedro , Cebolla Ángel , Torres Ma Isabel , Barro Francisco , Sousa Carolina 
Published: September 2012

ScopeThe only treatment available for coeliac disease (CD) is a strict diet in which the intake of wheat, barley, rye, or oats is avoided. Barley is a major cereal crop, grown mainly for its use in brewing, and it has high nutritional value. The identification of varieties with a reduced toxicity profile may contribute to improve the diet, the quality of life and health of CD patients.Methods and resultsSearching for harmless barleys, we investigated accessions of malting and wild barley, used for developing new cultivated cereals. The CD toxicity profile of barleys was screened using G12 antibody and cell proliferation and IFN‐γ release from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and intestinal biopsies from CD patients. We found a direct correlation between the reactivity with G12 and the immunogenicity of the different barleys.ConclusionThe malting barleys were less immunogenic, with reduced levels of toxic gluten, and were possibly less harmful to CD patients. Our findings could raise the prospect of breeding barley species with low levels of harmful gluten, and the attractive goal of developing nontoxic barley cultivars, always taking into account the Codex standard for foods for special dietary use for persons intolerant to gluten.
Stem cells from innate sexual but not acquired sexual planarians have the capability to form a sexual individual
Authors: Nodono Hanae , Ishino Yugo , Hoshi Motonori , Matsumoto Midori 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPlanarian species may harbor as many as three populations with different reproductive strategies. Animals from innate asexual (AS) and innate sexual (InS) populations reproduce only by fission and cross‐fertilization, respectively, whereas the third population switches seasonally between the two reproductive modes. AS worms can be experimentally sexualized by feeding them with minced InS worms; we termed the resulting animals “acquired sexual” (AqS) worms. Both AqS and InS worms exhibit sexualizing activity when used as feed, suggesting that they maintain their sexual state via endogenous sexualizing substances, although the mechanisms underlying determination of reproductive strategy and sexual switching in these metazoans remain enigmatic. Therefore, we compared the endogenous sexualizing activity of InS worms and AqS worms. First, we amputated mature worms and assessed if they could re‐enter a sexual state. Regenerants of InS worms, but not AqS worms, were only sexual, indicating that sexual state regulation comprises two steps: (1) autonomous initiation of sexualizing substance production and (2) maintenance of the sexual state by continuous production of sexualizing substances. Next, InS neoblasts were characterized by transplantation, finding that they successfully engrafted, proliferated, and replaced all recipient cells. Under such conditions, the AS recipients of InS worm neoblasts, but not those of AqS worms, became sexual. These results clearly show that there is a neoblast‐autonomous determination of reproductive strategy in planarians. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 79: 757–766, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Are polymorphisms of the β3‐adrenoceptor gene associated with an altered bladder function?
Authors: Teitsma Christine A. , de la Rosette Jean J.M.C.H. , Michel Martin C. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAimsAs the presence of a Trp64Arg polymorphism of the gene encoding the β3‐adrenoceptor (B3AR) has been linked to the presence of overactive bladder, we investigated whether additional polymorphisms are detectable in this gene and explore their relationships parameters related to lower urinary tract function.MethodsThe coding region and adjacent stretches of the B3AR gene was sequenced in 91 patients. In total, 1015 patients from a single academic hospital were genotyped for the presence of two single nucleotide polymorphisms. Symptom scores and parameters from pressure‐flow studies were analyzed relative to genotype in the B3AR gene.ResultsNo frequent novel polymorphisms were detected in the coding region. Five polymorphisms were found in the non‐coding region of the gene but were in complete linkage with the 64Arg allele. Out of 32 parameters including bladder compliance, only prostate size was weakly (44 vs. 39 mL) but significantly associated with the 64Arg allele, but was not mirrored by an association with prostate‐specific antigen levels.ConclusionsOur data do not support the hypothesis that polymorphisms in the B3AR gene are associated with alterations of bladder function. Neurourol. Urodynam. 32: 276–280, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Epitrix flea beetles: new threats to potato production in Europe
Authors: Eyre Dominic , Giltrap Neil 
Published: September 2012

AbstractEpitrix tuberis and E. cucumeris are major pests of potatoes in North America. E. tuberis causes the most serious damage because the larval feeding can cause superficial serpentine tunnelling on the surface of tubers as well as deeper pits. This damage can make crops unmarketable. By contrast, E. cucumeris mainly damages the foliage, and yield losses can occur when the adults reach high densities. In 2004, potato tuber damage characteristic of E. tuberis was seen in Portugal. In 2008, damage was more widespread and severe. E. cucumeris and a lesser known species, E. similaris, were recorded in affected fields. E. similaris has since been found across Galicia, Spain. E. similaris is thought to be the most likely cause of the tuber damage in Portugal, but it is possible that E. cucumeris or an as yet undetected Epitrix species is causing the damage. In 2010, a pest risk assessment for the Euro‐Mediterranean area identified the movement of adults and pupae with seed or ware potatoes and associated soil as being the highest‐risk pathways for the spread of Epitrix. In 2012, EU emergency measures were agreed to reduce the risk of further introductions and the rate of spread of these pests.
Model simulation of gravity waves triggered by a density current
Authors: Udina M. , Soler M. R. , Viana S. , Yagüe C. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn this study, starting from an observational case of internal gravity waves (IGWs) generated at the top of a drainage flow during the SABLES2006 field campaign, we aim to reproduce the IGWs and their origin through mesoscale meteorological modelling. We used the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model with fine horizontal resolution (1 km), testing the model capabilities to simulate the IGWs through a WRF fixed physics package option but two different planetary boundary layer schemes, the Mellor‐Yamada‐Janjić (MYJ) and the Yonsei University (YSU). The comparison between model simulations and measurements from a 100 m meteorological tower reveals that the MYJ scheme simulation gives much better results, as it better represents the main features of the density current measured by the tower instruments, although the event is predicted to occur sooner than it is observed to occur. The study has also shown the capacity of this scheme to detect the oscillations in temperature and specific humidity generated by the arrival of the density current. In contrast, the YSU scheme captures the arrival of the current on time but it fails to correctly track its properties and therefore it does not reproduce the gravity waves with the current arrival. In addition, wave parameters calculated from model outputs (MYJ) using the wavelet method reveal waves with longer periods and longer wavelengths (T = 20–22 min and λ = 8–10 km) than those calculated from measurements (T = 9.2 min and λ = 3.5 km) using the same technique. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Business model innovation and competitive imitation: The case of sponsor‐based business models
Authors: Casadesus‐Masanell Ramon , Zhu Feng 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis paper provides the first formal model of business model innovation. Our analysis focuses on sponsor‐based business model innovations where a firm monetizes its product through sponsors rather than setting prices to its customer base. We analyze strategic interactions between an innovative entrant and an incumbent where the incumbent may imitate the entrant's business model innovation once it is revealed. The results suggest that an entrant needs to strategically choose whether to reveal its innovation by competing through the new business model, or conceal it by adopting a traditional business model. We also show that the value of business model innovation may be so substantial that an incumbent may prefer to compete in a duopoly rather than to remain a monopolist. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiphoton microscopy applications in nanodermatology
Authors: Prow Tarl W. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMultiphoton microscopy is being used as a tool for tracking nanoparticles and assessing endogenous autofluorescent molecules. This technology is founded on femtosecond lasers that are capable of exciting unlabeled metal nanoparticles, quantum dots, and upconverting nanoparticles. The addition of time‐correlated single‐photon counting detectors enables fluorescence lifetime imaging. Fluorescence lifetime measurements result in high‐resolution, quantitative data that can be used to distinguish nanoparticle signals from those of endogenous fluorophores. This application of multiphoton microscopy is capable of simultaneous nanoparticle and NAD(P)H imaging, resulting in the capacity for dye‐free assessments of treatment‐induced metabolic changes. The stage is set for advanced, clinical imaging focused nanoparticle trials that can directly address critical issues in nanomedicine and nanotoxicology. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2012, 4:680–690. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1189This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials