bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suitability of SnS thin films for photovoltaic application due to the existence of persistent photocurrent
Authors: Gupta Yashika , Arun P. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractTin sulfide (SnS) is a layered compound that retains its structure when deposited as thin films by thermal evaporation. The films thus obtained were found to have p‐type conductivity, as confirmed by the hot‐spot method. The films were found to have oriented growth with the direction of orientation changing with film thickness. The film's morphology was also found to change with orientation. The poor conductivity of the thicker samples made it difficult to make photoconductivity characterization, however, unlike reported studies in the literature, the thinner samples showed photosensitivity to be defect dependent and independent of film thickness and grain size with a high‐persistent photocurrent. With their absorptivity, photosensitivity, optimum bandgap, and traps within the bandgap giving the charge carriers a longer lifetime, thin samples of tin sulfide give adequate scope for designing efficient photovoltaics.
Gene regulation during development in the light of topologically associating domains
Authors: Remeseiro Silvia , Hörnblad Andreas , Spitz François 
Published: November 2015

During embryonic development, complex transcriptional programs govern the precision of gene expression. Many key developmental genes are regulated via cis‐regulatory elements that are located far away in the linear genome. How sequences located hundreds of kilobases away from a promoter can influence its activity has been the subject of numerous speculations, which all underline the importance of the 3D‐organization of the genome. The recent advent of chromosome conformation capture techniques has put into focus the subdivision of the genome into topologically associating domains (TADs). TADs may influence regulatory activities on multiple levels. The relative invariance of TAD limits across cell types suggests that they may form fixed structural domains that could facilitate and/or confine long‐range regulatory interactions. However, most recent studies suggest that interactions within TADs are more variable and dynamic than initially described. Hence, different models are emerging regarding how TADs shape the complex 3D conformations, and thereafter influence the networks of cis‐interactions that govern gene expression during development. WIREs Dev Biol 2016, 5:169–185. doi: 10.1002/wdev.218This article is categorized under:

Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Regulatory Mechanisms
Cholecystectomy During the Weekend Increases Patients’ Length of Hospital Stay
Authors: Rothman Josephine Philip , Burcharth Jakob , Pommergaard Hans‐Christian , Rosenberg Jacob 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundA higher risk of complications and mortality has previously been proven in selected settings. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether length of stay differentiates throughout the week and register if intra‐ and postoperative complications vary on weekends compared to weekdays.MethodsThe population originated from the Danish Cholecystectomy Database. It consists of adult patients, who had a cholecystectomy performed by standard four‐port laparoscopic or open surgery. Adjusted analyses were used to study if day of the week had an influence on conversion, readmission within 30 days, post‐operative supplemental procedures within 30 days, and variance in postoperative length of stay across the week.ResultsA total of 28,759 patients were included in the study. We found no difference in conversion rate, readmission within 30 days, or post‐operative procedures within 30 days between week time and weekend time. A longer postoperative length of stay was observed for patients operated on Fridays and Saturdays even though surgical complication rates were alike between weekdays. Patients with acute cholecystitis had a longer length of stay on Saturdays.ConclusionWe found no evidence of a higher risk of conversions, post‐operative procedures, or readmission during weekends compared with weekdays. Despite this, a prolonged length of stay was observed in patients operated with cholecystectomy on Fridays and Saturdays. The observed difference could be due to ward rounds on weekends mainly focus on the sickest patients leaving less time for discharge.
Olfactory Cues from Pathogenic Fungus Affect the Direction of Motion of Termites, Coptotermes formosanus
Authors: Yanagawa Aya , Imai Tomoya , Akino Toshiharu , Toh Yoshihiro , Yoshimura Tsuyoshi 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Formosan subterranean termites, Coptotermes formosanus, tend to avoid pathogen odors when tested in Y-tube olfactometers, but approach and groom exposed nestmates to remove pathogens from their cuticle and maintain a healthy population. To better understand their differential reaction to pathogens and their odors, the relationship between odor cues and direction of motion was examined with the fungus Isaria fumosorosea K3 strain. The results indicate that nestmate odor was strongly attractive only in tests where fungal odors were present in both branches of the olfactometer. Termites generally avoid fungal odors when offered a choice without fungal odor. We also tested termite aversion to 3-octanone and 1-octen-3-ol, major surface chemical compounds of I. fumosorosea K3, and estimated the total mass of these compounds present on the conidial surface by direct extraction method. The total quantity of these chemicals on the surface of fungal conidia was estimated to be approximately 0.01 ng per 107 conidia. This study demonstrates a context dependent behavioral change in termites in response to the odors of pathogenic fungi.
Dietary Fatty Acid Metabolism is Affected More by Lipid Level than Source in Senegalese Sole Juveniles: Interactions for Optimal Dietary Formulation
Authors: Bonacic Kruno , Estévez Alicia , Bellot Olga , Conde‐Sieira Marta , Gisbert Enric , Morais Sofia 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis study analyses the effects of dietary lipid level and source on lipid absorption and metabolism in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis). Juvenile fish were fed 4 experimental diets containing either 100 % fish oil (FO) or 25 % FO and 75 % vegetable oil (VO; rapeseed, linseed and soybean oils) at two lipid levels (~8 or ~18 %). Effects were assessed on fish performance, body proximate composition and lipid accumulation, activity of hepatic lipogenic and fatty acid oxidative enzymes and, finally, on the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in liver and intestine, and to intestinal absorption, both pre‐ and postprandially. Increased dietary lipid level had no major effects on growth and feeding performance (FCR), although fish fed FO had marginally better growth. Nevertheless, diets induced significant changes in lipid accumulation and metabolism. Hepatic lipid deposits were higher in fish fed VO, associated to increased hepatic ATP citrate lyase activity and up‐regulated carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (cpt1) mRNA levels post‐prandially. However, lipid level had a larger effect on gene expression of metabolic (lipogenesis and β‐oxidation) genes than lipid source, mostly at fasting. High dietary lipid level down‐regulated fatty acid synthase expression in liver and intestine, and increased cpt1 mRNA in liver. Large lipid accumulations were observed in the enterocytes of fish fed high lipid diets. This was possibly a result of a poor capacity to adapt to high dietary lipid level, as most genes involved in intestinal absorption were not regulated in response to the diet.
Assessment and Management of Pain in Patients With Disorders of Consciousness
Authors: Schnakers Caroline , Zasler Nathan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPain is a first‐person experience that must be reported, verbally or nonverbally, to be correctly assessed. How, then, is pain perception determined in persons who are noncommunicative? This determination is a major clinical challenge because patients with disorders of consciousness are unable to communicate their feelings and possible pain experiences. This review will describe the current knowledge of evaluating pain perception in a minimally conscious state compared with an unconscious state (also known as vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome) and how to approach the management of pain in these 2 populations.
Exploring aged care business models: a typological study
Authors: NUSEM EREZ , WRIGLEY CARA , MATTHEWS JUDY 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTAustralian providers of aged care are facing a rapidly ageing population and growth in demand for services. Beyond a sheer increase in consumers and major regulatory changes from Federal Government, many customers are becoming progressively discontented with a medically dominated model of care provision. This period of turbulence presents an opportunity for new entrants and forward-thinking organisations to disrupt the market by designing a more compelling value offering. Under this line of inquiry, the researchers conducted a qualitative content analysis study of over 37 Australian aged care organisations, clustering providers into six business model typologies. The study revealed that providers of aged care are becoming increasingly aware of emerging customer needs, and, in addressing these needs, are seeking to establish innovative models of care provision. This paper therefore presents a future model of care, along with implications for practice and policy.
The health status of a village population, 7 years after a major Q fever outbreak
Authors: MORROY G. , VAN DER HOEK W. , NANVER Z. D. , SCHNEEBERGER P. M. , BLEEKER-ROVERS C. P. , VAN DER VELDEN J. , COUTINHO R. A. 
Published: November 2015

SUMMARYFrom 2007 to 2010, The Netherlands experienced a major Q fever outbreak with more than 4000 notifications. Previous studies suggested that Q fever patients could suffer long-term post-infection health impairments, especially fatigue. Our objective was to assess theCoxiella burnetiiantibody prevalence and health status including fatigue, and assess their interrelationship in Herpen, a high-incidence village, 7 years after the outbreak began. In 2014, we invited all 2161 adult inhabitants for a questionnaire and aC. burnetiiindirect fluorescence antibody assay (IFA). The health status was measured with the Nijmegen Clinical Screening Instrument (NCSI), consisting of eight subdomains including fatigue. Of the 70·1% (1517/2161) participants, 33·8% (513/1517) were IFA positive. Of 147 participants who were IFA positive in 2007, 25 (17%) seroreverted and were now IFA negative. Not positive IFA status, but age <50 years, smoking and co-morbidity, were independent risk factors for fatigue. Notified participants reported significantly more often fatigue (31/49, 63%) than non-notified IFA-positive participants (150/451, 33%). Although fatigue is a common sequel after acute Q fever, in this community-based survey we found no difference in fatigue levels between participants with and withoutC. burnetiiantibodies.
‘The little that I have done is already gone and forgotten’:Farinelli and Burney Write Music History
Authors: Desler Anne 
Published: November 2015

AbstractEighteenth-century narratives of Carlo Broschi Farinelli’s inimitability and superiority did not arise fortuitously but resulted to a large extent from artistic, professional and personal choices made by the singer in order to create a unique artistic profile and influence public perception of him. Similarly, Charles Burney created his historical writings with the aim of establishing himself as a man of letters in order to rise in social status and leave a lasting legacy. Analysis of Farinelli’s careful manipulation of his reputation in his encounters with Burney and the latter’s calculated representation of Farinelli inThe Present State of Music in France and ItalyandA General History of Musicsheds light not only on both men’s self-promotion strategies, but also on the high degree of mediation of historical fact in writings that have long served as supposedly reliable ‘primary’ sources on eighteenth-century music.
Subwavelength imaging through ion-beam-induced upconversion
Authors: Mi Zhaohong , Zhang Yuhai , Vanga Sudheer Kumar , Chen Ce-Belle , Tan Hong Qi , Watt Frank , Liu Xiaogang , Bettiol Andrew A. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe combination of an optical microscope and a luminescent probe plays a pivotal role in biological imaging because it allows for probing subcellular structures. However, the optical resolutions are largely constrained by Abbe’s diffraction limit, and the common dye probes often suffer from photobleaching. Here we present a new method for subwavelength imaging by combining lanthanide-doped upconversion nanocrystals with the ionoluminescence imaging technique. We experimentally observed that the ion beam can be used as a new form of excitation source to induce photon upconversion in lanthanide-doped nanocrystals. This approach enables luminescence imaging and simultaneous mapping of cellular structures with a spatial resolution of sub-30 nm.
Scaling the respiratory metabolism to phosphorus relationship in plant seedlings
Authors: Wang Zhi-Qiang , Huang Heng , Deng Jian-Ming , Liu Jian-Quan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThere are empirical indications of an isometric scaling relationship between plants’ respiratory metabolism rates and nitrogen contents. To test the hypothesis that there may be a similar relationship between plants’ respiratory metabolism and phosphorus contents we used data obtained from 150 laboratory and field-grown seedlings representing 30 herbaceous species and 20 woody deciduous species. Our results show that whole-plant respiration rates strongly scaled to the 0.81-power of the whole-plant phosphorus content, across wide ranges of growth conditions and functional classifications. Moreover, we also found a similar scaling exponent between whole-plant respiration rates and total nitrogen contents for the same set of samples. The similarities of the metabolic scaling relationships suggest that similar mechanisms may be involved in the transport and storage of phosphorus and nitrogen in plants.
A Systems Biology-Based Investigation into the Pharmacological Mechanisms of Sheng-ma-bie-jia-tang Acting on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Multi-Level Data Integration
Authors: Huang Lin , Lv Qi , Liu Fenfen , Shi Tieliu , Wen Chengping 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSheng-ma-bie-jia-tang (SMBJT) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula that is widely used for the treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) in China. However, molecular mechanism behind this formula remains unknown. Here, we systematically analyzed targets of the ingredients in SMBJT to evaluate its potential molecular mechanism. First, we collected 1,267 targets from our previously published database, the Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Database (TCMID). Next, we conducted gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses for these targets and determined that they were enriched in metabolism (amino acids, fatty acids, etc.) and signaling pathways (chemokines, Toll-like receptors, adipocytokines, etc.). 96 targets, which are known SLE disease proteins, were identified as essential targets and the rest 1,171 targets were defined as common targets of this formula. The essential targets directly interacted with SLE disease proteins. Besides, some common targets also had essential connections to both key targets and SLE disease proteins in enriched signaling pathway, e.g. toll-like receptor signaling pathway. We also found distinct function of essential and common targets in immune system processes. This multi-level approach to deciphering the underlying mechanism of SMBJT treatment of SLE details a new perspective that will further our understanding of TCM formulas.
Inbreeding and homozygosity in breast cancer survival
Authors: Thomsen Hauke , Filho Miguel Inacio da Silva , Woltmann Andrea , Johansson Robert , Eyfjörd Jorunn E. , Hamann Ute , Manjer Jonas , Enquist-Olsson Kerstin , Henriksson Roger , Herms Stefan , Hoffmann Per , Chen Bowang , Huhn Stefanie , Hemminki Kari , Lenner Per , Försti Asta 
Published: November 2015

AbstractGenome-wide association studies (GWASs) help to understand the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on breast cancer (BC) progression and survival. We performed multiple analyses on data from a previously conducted GWAS for the influence of individual SNPs, runs of homozygosity (ROHs) and inbreeding on BC survival. (I.) The association of individual SNPs indicated no differences in the proportions of homozygous individuals among short-time survivors (STSs) and long-time survivors (LTSs). (II.) The analysis revealed differences among the populations for the number of ROHs per person and the total and average length of ROHs per person and among LTSs and STSs for the number of ROHs per person. (III.) Common ROHs at particular genomic positions were nominally more frequent among LTSs than in STSs. Common ROHs showed significant evidence for natural selection (iHS, Tajima’s D, Fay-Wu’s H). Most regions could be linked to genes related to BC progression or treatment. (IV.) Results were supported by a higher level of inbreeding among LTSs. Our results showed that an increased level of homozygosity may result in a preference of individuals during BC treatment. Although common ROHs were short, variants within ROHs might favor survival of BC and may function in a recessive manner.
NPM1 histone chaperone is upregulated in glioblastoma to promote cell survival and maintain nucleolar shape
Authors: Holmberg Olausson Karl , Elsir Tamador , Moazemi Goudarzi Kaveh , Nistér Monica , Lindström Mikael S. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractGlioblastoma (grade IV glioma) is the most common and aggressive adult brain tumor. A better understanding of the biology of glioblastoma cells is crucial to identify molecular targets stimulating cell death. NPM1 (nucleophosmin) is a multifunctional chaperone that plays an important role in cancer development. Herein, NPM1 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in human astrocytic gliomas. NPM1 was detected in all tumors but with a significantly higher staining intensity in grade IV than in low grade tumors. Depletion of NPM1 had only modest effects on the viability of U251MG, U1242MG and U343MGa Cl2:6 glioma cells, despite alterations in nucleolar morphology. Glioma cell cultures depleted of NPM1 exposed to micromolar levels of actinomycin D were more prone to cell death (apoptosis) compared to cultures retaining NPM1. We had previously found that NPM1 binds to linker histone H1.5. Here we could show that silencing of H1.5 triggered glioma cell apoptosis as evidenced by a marked increase in both the numbers of cleaved caspase-3+ cells and in the amounts of cleaved PARP. Enforced expression of NPM1 suppressed apoptosis in H1.5 depleted glioma cells. Although our studies would suggest little effectiveness of targeting NPM1 alone there could be potential using it as a combination treatment.
The role of common genetic variation in educational attainment and income: evidence from the National Child Development Study
Authors: Davies Neil M. , Hemani Gibran , Timpson Nic J. , Windmeijer Frank , Davey Smith George 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe investigated the role of common genetic variation in educational attainment and household income. We used data from 5,458 participants of the National Child Development Study to estimate: 1) the associations of rs9320913, rs11584700 and rs4851266 and socioeconomic position and educational phenotypes; and 2) the univariate chip-heritability of each phenotype and the genetic correlation between each phenotype and educational attainment at age 16. The three SNPs were associated with most measures of educational attainment. Common genetic variation contributed to 6 of 14 socioeconomic background phenotypes and 17 of 29 educational phenotypes. We found evidence of genetic correlations between educational attainment at age 16 and 4 of 14 social background and 8 of 28 educational phenotypes. This suggests common genetic variation contributes both to differences in educational attainment and its relationship with other phenotypes. However, we remain cautious that cryptic population structure, assortative mating and dynastic effects may influence these associations.
From sink to source: Regional variation in U.S. forest carbon futures
Authors: Wear David N. , Coulston John W. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe sequestration of atmospheric carbon (C) in forests has partially offset C emissions in the United States (US) and might reduce overall costs of achieving emission targets, especially while transportation and energy sectors are transitioning to lower-carbon technologies. Using detailed forest inventory data for the conterminous US, we estimate forests’ current net sequestration of atmospheric C to be 173 Tg yr−1, offsetting 9.7% of C emissions from transportation and energy sources. Accounting for multiple driving variables, we project a gradual decline in the forest C emission sink over the next 25 years (to 112 Tg yr−1) with regional differences. Sequestration in eastern regions declines gradually while sequestration in the Rocky Mountain region declines rapidly and could become a source of atmospheric C due to disturbances such as fire and insect epidemics. C sequestration in the Pacific Coast region stabilizes as forests harvested in previous decades regrow. Scenarios simulating climate-induced productivity enhancement and afforestation policies increase sequestration rates, but would not fully offset declines from aging and forest disturbances. Separating C transfers associated with land use changes from sequestration clarifies forests’ role in reducing net emissions and demonstrates that retention of forest land is crucial for protecting or enhancing sink strength.
Sequential Folding using Light-activated Polystyrene Sheet
Authors: Lee Yonghee , Lee Hyeok , Hwang Taesoon , Lee Jong-Gu , Cho Maenghyo 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA pre-strained polystyrene (PS) polymer sheet is deformed when it approaches the glass transition state as a result of light absorption. By controlling the light absorption of the polymer sheet, non-contact sequential folding can be accomplished. Line patterns of different transparencies and shapes are used to control the light absorption. The line pattern shape is closely related to the folding angle and folding start time. The relation between the line pattern design and folding performance was evaluated experimentally to develop a technique for folding PS sheets. The results show that sequential folding of PS sheets can be accomplished by changing the degree of transparency of the line pattern. Using the technique developed in this study, self-folding origami structures with complicated shapes can be designed and manufactured.