bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macrophage Metalloelastase (MMP12) Regulates Adipose Tissue Expansion, Insulin Sensitivity, and Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase
Authors: Lee Jung-Ting , Pamir Nathalie , Liu Ning-Chun , Kirk Elizabeth A. , Averill Michelle M. , Becker Lev , Larson Ilona , Hagman Derek K. , Foster-Schubert Karen E. , van Yserloo Brian , Bornfeldt Karin E. , LeBoeuf Renee C. , Kratz Mario , Heinecke Jay W. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Macrophage metalloelastase, a matrix metallopeptidase (MMP12) predominantly expressed by mature tissue macrophages, is implicated in pathological processes. However, physiological functions for MMP12 have not been described. Because mRNA levels for the enzyme increase markedly in adipose tissue of obese mice, we investigated the role of MMP12 in adipose tissue expansion and insulin resistance. In humans, MMP12 expression correlated positively and significantly with insulin resistance, TNF-α expression, and the number of CD14+CD206+ macrophages in adipose tissue. MMP12 was the most abundant matrix metallopeptidase detected by proteomic analysis of conditioned medium of M2 macrophages and dendritic cells. In contrast, it was detected only at low levels in bone marrow derived macrophages and M1 macrophages. When mice received a high-fat diet, adipose tissue mass increased and CD11b+F4/80+CD11c−macrophages accumulated to a greater extent in MMP12-deficient (Mmp12−/−) mice than in wild-type mice (Mmp12+/+). Despite being markedly more obese, fat-fed Mmp12−/− mice were more insulin sensitive than fat-fed Mmp12+/+ mice. Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (Nos2) by Mmp12−/− macrophages was significantly impaired both in vivo and in vitro, suggesting that MMP12 might mediate nitric oxide production during inflammation. We propose that MMP12 acts as a double-edged sword by promoting insulin resistance while combatting adipose tissue expansion.
Impact of Diet-Induced Obesity on Intestinal Stem Cells: Hyperproliferation but Impaired Intrinsic Function That Requires Insulin/IGF1
Authors: Mah Amanda T. , Van Landeghem Laurianne , Gavin Hannah E. , Magness Scott T. , Lund P. Kay 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Nutrient intake regulates intestinal epithelial mass and crypt proliferation. Recent findings in model organisms and rodents indicate nutrient restriction impacts intestinal stem cells (ISC). Little is known about the impact of diet-induced obesity (DIO), a model of excess nutrient intake on ISC. We used a Sox9-EGFP reporter mouse to test the hypothesis that an adaptive response to DIO or associated hyperinsulinemia involves expansion and hyperproliferation of ISC. The Sox9-EGFP reporter mouse allows study and isolation of ISC, progenitors, and differentiated lineages based on different Sox9-EGFP expression levels. Sox9-EGFP mice were fed a high-fat diet for 20 weeks to induce DIO and compared with littermates fed low-fat rodent chow. Histology, fluorescence activated cell sorting, and mRNA analyses measured impact of DIO on jejunal crypt-villus morphometry, numbers, and proliferation of different Sox9-EGFP cell populations and gene expression. An in vitro culture assay directly assessed functional capacity of isolated ISC. DIO mice exhibited significant increases in body weight, plasma glucose, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) levels and intestinal Igf1 mRNA. DIO mice had increased villus height and crypt density but decreased intestinal length and decreased numbers of Paneth and goblet cells. In vivo, DIO resulted in a selective expansion of Sox9-EGFPLow ISC and percentage of ISC in S-phase. ISC expansion significantly correlated with plasma insulin levels. In vitro, isolated ISC from DIO mice formed fewer enteroids in standard 3D Matrigel culture compared to controls, indicating impaired ISC function. This decreased enteroid formation in isolated ISC from DIO mice was rescued by exogenous insulin, IGF1, or both. We conclude that DIO induces specific increases in ISC and ISC hyperproliferation in vivo. However, isolated ISC from DIO mice have impaired intrinsic survival and growth in vitro that can be rescued by exogenous insulin or IGF1.
Thyroid Antibody Status, Subclinical Hypothyroidism, and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: An Individual Participant Data Analysis
Authors: Collet Tinh-Hai , Bauer Douglas C. , Cappola Anne R. , Åsvold Bjørn O. , Weiler Stefan , Vittinghoff Eric , Gussekloo Jacobijn , Bremner Alexandra , den Elzen Wendy P. J. , Maciel Rui M. B. , Vanderpump Mark P. J. , Cornuz Jacques , Dörr Marcus , Wallaschofski Henri , Newman Anne B. , Sgarbi José A. , Razvi Salman , Völzke Henry , Walsh John P. , Aujesky Drahomir , Rodondi Nicolas 
Published: June 2014

Context:
Subclinical hypothyroidism has been associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), particularly with thyrotropin levels of 10.0 mIU/L or greater. The measurement of thyroid antibodies helps predict the progression to overt hypothyroidism, but it is unclear whether thyroid autoimmunity independently affects CHD risk.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to compare the CHD risk of subclinical hypothyroidism with and without thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAbs).

Data Sources and Study Selection:
A MEDLINE and EMBASE search from 1950 to 2011 was conducted for prospective cohorts, reporting baseline thyroid function, antibodies, and CHD outcomes.

Data Extraction:
Individual data of 38 274 participants from six cohorts for CHD mortality followed up for 460 333 person-years and 33 394 participants from four cohorts for CHD events.

Data Synthesis:
Among 38 274 adults (median age 55 y, 63% women), 1691 (4.4%) had subclinical hypothyroidism, of whom 775 (45.8%) had positive TPOAbs. During follow-up, 1436 participants died of CHD and 3285 had CHD events. Compared with euthyroid individuals, age- and gender-adjusted risks of CHD mortality in subclinical hypothyroidism were similar among individuals with and without TPOAbs [hazard ratio (HR) 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.87–1.53 vs HR 1.26, CI 1.01–1.58, P for interaction = .62], as were risks of CHD events (HR 1.16, CI 0.87–1.56 vs HR 1.26, CI 1.02–1.56, P for interaction = .65). Risks of CHD mortality and events increased with higher thyrotropin, but within each stratum, risks did not differ by TPOAb status.

Conclusions:
CHD risk associated with subclinical hypothyroidism did not differ by TPOAb status, suggesting that biomarkers of thyroid autoimmunity do not add independent prognostic information for CHD outcomes.
Genetic Evaluation of Short Stature
Authors: Dauber Andrew , Rosenfeld Ron G. , Hirschhorn Joel N. 
Published: June 2014

Context:Genetics plays a major role in determining an individual's height. Although there are many monogenic disorders that lead to perturbations in growth and result in short stature, there is still no consensus as to the role that genetic diagnostics should play in the evaluation of a child with short stature.Evidence Acquisition:A search of PubMed was performed, focusing on the genetic diagnosis of short stature as well as on specific diagnostic subgroups included in this article. Consensus guidelines were reviewed.Evidence Synthesis:There are a multitude of rare genetic causes of severe short stature. There is no high-quality evidence to define the optimal approach to the genetic evaluation of short stature. We review genetic etiologies of a number of diagnostic subgroups and propose an algorithm for genetic testing based on these subgroups.Conclusion:Advances in genomic technologies are revolutionizing the diagnostic approach to short stature. Endocrinologists must become facile with the use of genetic testing in order to identify the various monogenic disorders that present with short stature.
An Investigation of the Average Bid Mechanism for Procurement Auctions
Authors: Chang Wei-Shiun , Chen Bo , Salmon Timothy C. 
Published: June 2014

In a procurement context, it can be quite costly for a buyer when the winning seller underestimates the cost of a project and then defaults on the project midway through completion. The average bid auction is one mechanism intended to help address this problem. This format involves awarding the contract to the bidder who has bid closest to the average of the bids submitted. We compare the performance of this mechanism with the standard low price mechanism to determine how successful the average bid format is in preventing bidder losses as well as its impact on the price paid by the buyer. We find the average bid mechanism to be more successful than expected because, surprisingly, bidding behavior remains similar between the average bid and low price auctions. We provide an explanation for the bidding behavior in the average bid auction that is based on subjects having problems processing signals near the extremes of the distribution. This paper was accepted by Teck-Hua Ho, behavioral economics.
Ultra-smooth finishing of aspheric surfaces using CAST technology
Authors: Kong John , Young Kevin 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Growing applications for astronomical ground-based adaptive systems and air-born telescope systems demand complex optical surface designs combined with ultra-smooth finishing. The use of more sophisticated and accurate optics, especially aspheric ones, allows for shorter optical trains with smaller sizes and a reduced number of components. This in turn reduces fabrication and alignment time and costs. These aspheric components include the following: steep surfaces with large aspheric departures; more complex surface feature designs like stand-alone off-axis-parabola (OAP) and free form optics that combine surface complexity with a requirement for ultra-high smoothness, as well as special optic materials such as lightweight silicon carbide (SiC) for air-born systems. Various fabrication technologies for finishing ultra-smooth aspheric surfaces are progressing to meet these growing and demanding challenges, especially Magnetorheological Finishing (MRF) and ion-milling. These methods have demonstrated some good success as well as a certain level of limitations. Amongst them, computer-controlled asphere surface-finishing technology (CAST), developed by Precision Asphere Inc. (PAI), plays an important role in a cost effective manufacturing environment and has successfully delivered numerous products for the applications mentioned above. One of the most recent successes is the Gemini Planet Imager (GPI), the world’s most powerful planet-hunting instrument, with critical aspheric components (seven OAPs and free form optics) made using CAST technology. GPI showed off its first images in a press release on January 7, 2014 . This paper reviews features of today’s technologies in handling the ultra-smooth aspheric optics, especially the capabilities of CAST on these challenging products. As examples, three groups of aspheres deployed in astronomical optics systems, both polished and finished using CAST, will be discussed in detail.
Deflectometric measurement of large mirrors
Authors: Olesch Evelyn , Häusler Gerd , Wörnlein André , Stinzing Friedrich , van Eldik Christopher 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
We discuss the inspection of large-sized, spherical mirror tiles by ‘Phase Measuring Deflectometry’ (PMD). About 10 000 of such mirror tiles, each satisfying strict requirements regarding the spatial extent of the point-spread-function (PSF), are planned to be installed on the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), a future ground-based instrument to observe the sky in very high energy gamma-rays. Owing to their large radii of curvature of up to 60 m, a direct PSF measurement of these mirrors with concentric geometry requires large space. We present a PMD sensor with a footprint of only 5×2×1.2 m3 that overcomes this limitation. The sensor intrinsically acquires the surface slope; the shape data are calculated by integration. In this way, the PSF can be calculated for real case scenarios, e.g., when the light source is close to infinity and off-axis. The major challenge is the calibration of the PMD sensor, specifically because the PSF data have to be reconstructed from different camera views. The calibration of the setup is described, and measurements presented and compared to results obtained with the direct approach.
Dynamic Recrystallization Behavior of AISI 420 Stainless Steel under Hot Compression
Authors: Cao Y. , Di H.S. , Misra R.D.K. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractHot deformation behavior of AISI 420 stainless steel was studied under hot compression tests in the temperature range of 950 to 1150 °C and strain rates of 0.01 s
Progress in Reactors for High-Temperature Fischer–Tropsch Process: Determination Place of Intensifier Reactor Perspective
Authors: Saeidi Samrand , Talebi Amiri Masoud , Saidina Amin Nor Aishah , Rahimpour Mohammad Reza 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
High-temperature Fischer–Tropsch (HTFT) process aims to produce lighter cuts such as gasoline and diesel. For many years there have been studies and improvements on HTFT process to make the existing reactors more efficient. Recent studies proposed new configurations such as dual-type membrane reactor and coupling configurations reactor, which improved the performances of this process. This achievement persuades us to update the existing knowledge about the available reactors for HTFT process. In this article, features and performances overview of two classes of reactors are reviewed. The first class consists of the reactors which are based on older studies, and the second one includes recent studies which are called product intensifier reactors. Finally, it is shown that the product intensifier reactors have higher CO conversions and lower selectivity of undesired by-products which results in higher production yield of gasoline. Furthermore, the place of product intensifier reactor among common reactors with regard to the influence of the process parameters on the product distribution has been estimated.
The Reception of the Bible in Rabbinic Judaism: A Study in Complexity
Authors: Kraemer David 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Jewish reception of scripture from Late Antiquity through recent centuries was largely defined by the rabbis of the first to sixth centuries, whose surviving literature is rich with scriptural readings. In certain matters, these readings were united by common assumptions or habits. For example, from the Mishnah (c. 200 CE) onward, the rabbis, who assumed scripture to be divinely inspired, were nevertheless willing to read against the simple meaning of scripture and to give their own agenda priority. Rabbinic readings also, universally, focused on the fine details of scripture’s formulation and almost never on units larger than a few words. At the same time, rabbinic documents reveal significant development in the rabbinic relationship to scripture, and it is fair to say that the rabbinic appropriation of scripture at the latest stage of the growth of classical rabbinic Judaism, in the Bavli, was assertive, even aggressive, and sometimes radical. In this piece, the author offers a survey of rabbinic scriptural readings from the earliest to the latest of the classical rabbinic documents, identifying some of the most significant developments in each sequential corpus.
Leakage squeezing: Optimal implementation and security evaluation
Authors: Carlet Claude , Danger Jean-Luc , Guilley Sylvain , Maghrebi Houssem 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Hardware devices can be protected against side-channel attacks by introducing one random mask per sensitive variable. The computation throughout is unaltered if the shares (masked variable and mask) are processed concomitantly, in two distinct registers. Nonetheless, this setup
can still be attacked if the side-channel is squared, because this operation causes an interference between the two shares. This more sophisticated analysis is referred to as a zero-offset second-order correlation power analysis (CPA) attack. When the device leaks in Hamming distance, the countermeasure can be improved by the “leakage squeezing”. It consists in manipulating the mask through a bijection,
aimed at reducing the dependency between the shares' leakage. Thus dth-order zero-offset attacks, that consist in applying CPA on the dth power of the centered side-channel traces, can be thwarted for d ≥ 2 at no extra cost.
We denote by n the size in bits of the shares and call F the transformation function, that is, a bijection of

𝔽
2
n

$\mathbb {F}_2^n$

. In this paper, we explore the functions F that thwart zero-offset high-order CPA (HO-CPA) of maximal order d. We mathematically demonstrate that optimal choices for F relate to optimal binary codes (in the sense of communication theory). First, we exhibit optimal linear F functions. They are suitable for masking schemes where only one mask is used throughout the algorithm. Second, we note that for values of n for which non-linear codes exist with better parameters than linear ones, better protection levels can be obtained. This applies to implementations in which each mask is randomly cast independently of the previous ones. These results are exemplified in the case n = 8, where the optimal F can be identified: it is derived from the optimal rate 1/2 binary code of size

2
n

$2n$

, namely the Nordstrom–Robinson

(
16
,
256
,
6
)

$(16, 256, 6)$

code. This example provides explicitly with the optimal protection that limits to one mask of byte-oriented algorithms such as AES or AES-based SHA-3 candidates.
It protects against all zero-offset HO-CPA attacks of order

d
≤
5

$d \le 5$

.
Eventually, the countermeasure is shown to be resilient to imperfect leakage models,
where the registers leak differently than the sum of their toggling bits.
Cardiotocography patterns and risk of intrapartum fetal acidemia
Authors: Holzmann Malin , Wretler Stina , Cnattingius Sven , Nordström Lennart 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Aim: To identify cardiotocography (CTG) patterns associated with increased risk of intrapartum fetal acidemia.

Methods: A prospective observational cohort study of 1070 women with fetal scalp blood sampling (FBS) during labor was conducted at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. Women with a nonreassuring CTG pattern underwent FBS, and lactate concentration was measured at the bedside. Lactate concentrations >4.8 mmol/L were defined as fetal acidemia. A senior obstetrician, blinded to the lactate concentration at FBS, visually interpreted the CTG tracings that had prompted FBS.

Results: There were 2134 FBSs performed on 1070 laboring women, constituting 11% of all deliveries at this labor ward. The CTG patterns with the highest frequency of lactacidemia at FBS were late or severe variable decelerations combined with tachycardia (20%–25% at first FBS and 33%–49% at last FBS). With a normal baseline fetal heart rate, normal variability, and absence of serious decelerations, the fetal scalp blood lactate concentration at the first FBS was normal in 97.5% of cases. The group with isolated reduced variability had no increased prevalence of acidemia and median lactate concentration did not differ from the normal group.

Conclusion: Isolated reduced variability is in most cases not a sign of hypoxia. If development of hypoxia is ruled out with one FBS, this pattern does not require monitoring with repetitive FBSs throughout labor. Late decelerations and severe variable decelerations increase the risk for intrapartum fetal metabolic acidemia to the same extent. The combination of these decelerations and tachycardia was associated with the highest rate of fetal metabolic acidemia.
Anerkennung
Authors: Albrecht Johannes-Friedrich 
Published: June 2014

ZusammenfassungAxel Honneth weist im Anschluss an Hegel der Anerkennung im Zusammenspiel verschiedener Sozialsphären die entscheidende Funktion für die Verwirklichung von Gerechtigkeit im Sinne der Ermöglichung von individueller Autonomie zu. Die Theorie der Anerkennung steht dabei in einem engen Zusammenhang mit einem biblisch-reformatorischen Verständnis von Versöhnung, Rechtfertigung und Gerechtigkeit. Dies wird insbesondere bei Hegel als wesentlichem Begründer des Anerkennungskonzeptes deutlich. Die Theorie der Anerkennung hat, herausgefordert durch die Situation des Pluralismus, neu an Aufmerksamkeit gewonnen. Dies zeigt sich im Bereich des Rechtes und der Zivilgesellschaft an der zunehmenden Sensibilität für das Recht auf Inklusion und Beteiligung und für kulturelle und religiöse Minderheitenrechte. Es zeigt sich auch daran, wie die Funktion kultureller und religiöser Gemeinschaften und die Bedeutung der Zivilgesellschaft für die Verwirklichung von Gerechtigkeit neu erkannt wird. Die Perspektive der Anerkennung verändert damit auch den Diskurs über Gerechtigkeit. Dieser wird pluraler, offener auch für religiöse Beiträge, er orientiert sich stärker an der Lebenswelt. Neu zu denken gibt die Theorie der Anerkennung auch dadurch, dass sie die spezifische und grundlegende Bedeutung der Kommunikation und Erfahrung göttlicher Anerkennung für Selbstachtung und Autonomie und damit für Gerechtigkeit wieder in den Blick rückt.
Application of TRIZ to Improve the Material Handling and Productivity in a Screw-Packaging Factory
Authors: Wang Chia-Nan , Yang Gino K. , Hsiung Wei-Ming 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Although the screw is small, it is really basic and necessary in our lives. It is an integral part of almost all the industrial products. This study uses a systematic and innovative approach, TRIZ (Teoriya Resheniya Izobreatatelskikh Zadatch), to solve the layout problems of an existing screw-packaging factory. The work has modified the layout of the factory and applied a closed-loop-type rail-guided vehicle system (RGVS) with a forklift device. The automatic material handling system has replaced some forklift trucks. The advantage of this modification is an increase in production output from 48 ton/day to 96 ton/day, reducing the number of forklift trucks from six sets to three sets and increasing the throughput of material handling from 80 pallet/h to 160 pallet/h. In addition, the results also improve the industrial safety and make the environment more eco-friendly.
Evaluation of Ductile-to-Brittle Transition Temperature by Reference Temperature (T) Approach at Higher Loading Rates for a Mod.9Cr-1Mo Steel
Authors: Moitra A. , Sathyanarayanan S. , Sasikala G. , Bhaduri A. K. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
To evaluate the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature of ferritic–martensitic steels, the ASTM E1921-based reference temperature (T0) approach has now been widely recognized; however, until now, the standard restricts itself to static/quasi-static loading rates. It is well recognized that the flow stress of rate-sensitive material increases with the strain rate, and thus it is imperative that the increase in loading rate would lead to limited plasticity-induced brittleness, reflected in higher T0. There have been efforts in the literature for developing empirical correlations to derive T0 at higher loading rates from T0 at quasi-static loading rates or vice versa. However, there is a need to experimentally evaluate the T0 at higher loading rates, especially for the 9Cr-1Mo family of steels, proposed to be used as wrapper material in the upcoming commercial liquid-sodium-cooled fast breeder reactors in India. The present study is directed toward determining T0 for Mod.9Cr-1Mo steel at loading rates of 1.12, 3, and 5 m/s.