bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive dietary education in treated gout patients does not further improve serum urate
Authors: Holland R. , McGill N. W. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackground/AimThis study aims to investigate the influence of dietary education in patients with gout on a stable dose of urate‐lowering therapy (ULT).MethodsMales and females aged >18 years with a history of gout, receiving an appropriate and stable dose of ULT, were recruited from two tertiary hospitals and randomised into two groups. The control group received basic advice regarding the importance of compliance with therapy and the benefit of weight loss. The intervention group received comprehensive dietary advice based on the British Society of Rheumatology Guidelines. Both groups received education at baseline and 3 months. Serum urate was measured at baseline, 3 months and 6 months, and a questionnaire was completed at baseline and at 6 months. The primary outcome of the study was to compare the change in serum urate between groups.ResultsThirty patients were recruited into the study. There was no difference in serum urate between the control and intervention group at 6 months (0.29 mmol/L vs 0.29 mmol/L at baseline and 0.27 mmol/L vs 0.30 mmol/L at 6 months). The intervention group showed a statistically significant improvement in knowledge (8/13 in control group at baseline to 9/13 at 6 months vs 8/13 in intervention group at baseline to 12/13 at 6 months, P < 0.05) and self‐reported dietary modification (1 in control vs 7 in intervention P < 0.05) at 6 months.ConclusionThis randomised controlled trial shows that in patients on ULT, providing education on diet does not lead to any clinically significant difference in serum urate at 6 months.
Annual Research Review: Secular trends in child and adolescent mental health
Authors: Collishaw Stephan 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundChild and adolescent mental health problems are common, associated with wide‐ranging functional impairments, and show substantial continuities into adult life. It is therefore important to understand the extent to which the prevalence of mental health problems has changed over time, and to identify reasons behind any trends in mental health.Scope and MethodologyThis review evaluates evidence on whether the population prevalence of child and adolescent mental health problems has changed. The primary focus of the review is on epidemiological cross‐cohort comparisons identified by a systematic search of the literature (using the Web of Knowledge database).FindingsClinical diagnosis and treatment of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders increased over recent decades. Epidemiological comparisons of unselected population cohorts using equivalent assessments of mental health have found little evidence of an increased rate ofADHD, but cross‐cohort comparisons of rates ofASDare lacking at this time. Findings do suggest substantial secular change in emotional problems and antisocial behaviour in high‐income countries, including periods of increase and decrease in symptom prevalence. Evidence from low‐ and middle‐income countries is very limited. Possible explanations for trends in child and adolescent mental health are discussed. The review also addresses how cross‐cohort comparisons can provide valuable complementary information on the aetiology of mental illness.
Patient satisfaction after the treatment of glabellar lines with Botulinum toxin type A (Speywood Unit): a multi‐centre European observational study
Authors: Molina B. , Grangier Y. , Mole B. , Ribe N. , Martín Diaz L. , Prager W. , Paliargues F. , Kerrouche N. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundWhilst the efficacy and safety of glabella complex treatment with botulinum toxin type A (Speywood Unit) [BoNT‐A (s.U)] has been comprehensively studied, there are very few trials on patient‐reported outcomes and patient satisfaction associated with this treatment.ObjectiveTo assess the level of patient satisfaction 3 weeks and 4 months after the treatment of glabellar lines with BoNT‐A (s.U).MethodsThis is a multi‐centre, prospective, non‐interventional observational study carried out in France, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom. Subjects were eligible if the investigator had already decided to prescribe BoNT‐A (s.U), according to the labelling. Subjects completed a questionnaire at both 3 weeks and 4 months after treatment.ResultsAbout 533 subjects completed at least one of the two questionnaires. About half of the subjects (47.9%) were naive to BoNT‐A treatment of the glabella, while 50.6% had previously received another product. A high level of satisfaction was observed after the treatment, with 94.7% and 89.6% of subjects being satisfied or very satisfied with the aesthetic outcome at week 3 and month 4, respectively. Treatment was safe and well tolerated, as directly determined in the survey. Major reasons for satisfaction included the positive aesthetic outcome, a natural appearance, a rested look and comfort of injection. Most subjects felt the treatment brought them ‘harmony’, ‘self‐esteem/confidence’ or ‘youth’. Of the subjects who had previously been treated with another product, 51.2% considered the results obtained in the present study with BoNT‐A (s.U) were better.ConclusionTreatment of the glabellar lines with BoNT‐A (s.U) led to a high level of patient satisfaction and a more positive self‐perception up to 4 months after the treatment, regardless of whether the patients were naive or not to BoNT‐A treatment.
Hot and not‐so‐hot females: reproductive state and thermal preferences of female Arizona Bark Scorpions (Centruroides sculpturatus)
Authors: Webber M. M. , Gibbs A. G. , Rodríguez‐Robles J. A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractFor ectotherms, environmental temperatures influence numerous life history characteristics, and the body temperatures (Tb) selected by individuals can affect offspring fitness and parental survival. Reproductive trade‐offs may therefore ensue for gravid females, because temperatures conducive to embryonic development may compromise females' body condition. We tested whether reproduction influenced thermoregulation in female Arizona Bark Scorpions (Centruroides sculpturatus). We predicted that gravid females select higher Tb and thermoregulate more precisely than nonreproductive females. Gravid C. sculpturatus gain body mass throughout gestation, which exposes larger portions of their pleural membrane, possibly increasing their rates of transcuticular water loss in arid environments. Accordingly, we tested whether gravid C. sculpturatus lose water faster than nonreproductive females. We determined the preferred Tb of female scorpions in a thermal gradient and measured water loss rates using flow‐through respirometry. Gravid females preferred significantly higher Tb than nonreproductive females, suggesting that gravid C. sculpturatus alter their thermoregulatory behaviour to promote offspring fitness. However, all scorpions thermoregulated with equal precision, perhaps because arid conditions create selective pressure on all females to thermoregulate effectively. Gravid females lost water faster than nonreproductive animals, indicating that greater exposure of the pleural membrane during gestation enhances the desiccation risk of reproductive females. Our findings suggest that gravid C. sculpturatus experience a trade‐off, whereby selection of higher Tb and increased mass during gestation increase females' susceptibility to water loss, and thus their mortality risk. Elucidating the mechanisms that influence thermal preferences may reveal how reproductive trade‐offs shape the life history of ectotherms in arid environments.
Skin temperature changes during a footbath in patients who had had a stroke with consequent sensory impairment
Authors: Toki Kazue , Yamai Terumi , Fukai Kiyoko 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimThe objectives of this study were to examine skin temperature changes on the unaffected and affected sides as well as changes in perceived temperature and comfort during a footbath in patients who had had a stroke with consequent sensory impairment.MethodsThe study used a quasi‐experimental design in which the results of intervention for patients who had had a stroke and healthy adults were compared. The subjects were 20 patients who had had a stroke with consequent sensory impairment and 20 healthy adults.ResultsBefore the footbath, the skin temperature of the dorsum of the foot on the affected side of the patient who had had a stroke was lower than that of the foot on the unaffected side. Five minutes after the start of the footbath, however, the relationship reversed, with the skin temperature on the affected side increasing in parallel with the water temperature. After the footbath, the dorsum skin temperature on the affected side was again lower than that on the unaffected side. In healthy adults, a difference was found in dorsum skin temperature between the left and right feet. In contrast with patients who had had a stroke, no reversal of the sides was found with the lower and higher temperature.ConclusionUnlike in the healthy adults, the skin temperature of the patients who had had a stroke with consequent sensory impairment was susceptible to changes in the external environment. However, no significant changes in the physiological indices were seen, while perceived temperature and comfort remained at high levels after the footbath.
Roles for both FtsA and the FtsBLQ subcomplex in FtsN‐stimulated cell constriction in Escherichia coli
Authors: Liu Bing , Persons Logan , Lee Lynda , de Boer Piet A. J. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryEscherichia coli FtsN is a bitopic membrane protein that is essential for triggering active cell constriction. A small periplasmic subdomain (EFtsN) is required and sufficient for function, but its mechanism of action is unclear. We isolated extragenic EFtsN*‐suppressing mutations that restore division in cells producing otherwise non‐functional variants of FtsN. These mapped to the IC domain of FtsA in the cytoplasm and to small subdomains of the FtsB and FtsL proteins in the periplasm. All FtsB and FtsL variants allowed survival without EFtsN, but many then imposed a new requirement for interaction between the cytoplasmic domain of FtsN (NFtsN) and FtsA. Alternatively, variants of FtsA, FtsB or FtsL acted synergistically to allow cell division in the complete absence of FtsN. Strikingly, moreover, substitution of a single residue in FtsB (E56) proved sufficient to rescue ΔftsN cells as well. In FtsN+ cells, EFtsN*‐suppressing mutations promoted cell fission at an abnormally small cell size, and caused cell shape and integrity defects under certain conditions. This and additional evidence support a model in which FtsN acts on either side of the membrane to induce a conformational switch in both FtsA and the FtsBLQ subcomplex to de‐repress septal peptidoglycan synthesis and membrane invagination.
Truncated dunes as evidence of the 2004 tsunami in North Sumatra and environmental recovery post‐tsunami
Authors: Kain Claire , Gomez Christopher , Wassmer Patrick , Lavigne Franck , Hart Deirdre 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe 2004 tsunami transformed the coast of Indonesia. This research investigates a sand dune area in Lampuuk, Sumatra, that was scoured by tsunami flow. We assessed geomorphology one‐year post‐event and examine the timescale of vegetation recovery. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) evidence shows an eroded succession of thin dipping units, overlain by aeolian layers 0 to 50 cm thick. Incipient dunes were absent, indicating limited dune rebuilding at one‐year post‐tsunami, possibly resulting from channelised airflow and the absence of vegetation. Recolonisation by vegetation was initially limited but progressed rapidly between 2005 and 2011, highlighting the temporal non‐linearity of recovery processes.
Filling the gap: The geospatial skills shortage in New Zealand
Authors: de Róiste Mairéad 
Published: December 2014

AbstractGeospatial technologies span governmental, academic and private commercial sectors, and their potential for growth is considerable. The USA and Australia have trouble meeting demand for geospatial skills. This paper reports on a national survey of 157 organisations that identified a similar geospatial shortage in New Zealand. The paper also details dimensions of the shortage and the current frameworks for meeting the shortfall of skilled professionals. Arising from this skills gap, key challenges facing both the geography and geospatial communities are identified and discussed: raising student numbers, gaining experience, up‐skilling current professionals and raising awareness of the value of the geospatial skillset.
Quantitative trait loci mapping and transcriptome analysis reveal candidate genes regulating the response to ozone in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: XU ENJUN , VAAHTERA LAURI , HÕRAK HANNA , HINCHA DIRK K. , HEYER ARND G. , BROSCHÉ MIKAEL 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAs multifaceted molecules, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to accumulate in response to various stresses. Ozone (O3) is an air pollutant with detrimental effect on plants and O3 can also be used as a tool to study the role of ROS in signalling. Genetic variation of O3 sensitivity in different Arabidopsis accessions highlights the complex genetic architecture of plant responses to ROS. To investigate the genetic basis of O3 sensitivity, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population between two Arabidopsis accessions with distinct O3 sensitivity, C24 (O3 tolerant) and Te (O3 sensitive) was used for quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping. Through analysis of QTL mapping combined with transcriptome changes in response to O3, we identified three causal QTLs and several potential candidate genes regulating the response to O3. Based on gene expression data, water loss and stomatal conductance measurement, we found that a combination of relatively low stomatal conductance and constitutive activation of salicylic acid (SA)‐mediated defence signalling were responsible for the O3 tolerance in C24. Application of exogenous SA prior to O3 exposure can mimic the constitutive SA signalling in C24 and could attenuate O3‐induced leaf damage in the sensitive Arabidopsis accessions Te and Cvi‐0.
Current perspective of the impact of smoking on the progression and treatment of periodontitis
Authors: Nociti Francisco H. , Casati Marcio Z. , Duarte Poliana Mendes 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis literature review provides an overview of the current scenario regarding the impact of smoking on the progression and treatment of periodontitis; clinical, microbiological and immunological data from studies from our and other groups are presented. In general, preclinical and clinical data are unanimous in demonstrating that smokers present increased susceptibility, greater severity and faster progression of periodontal disease compared with nonsmokers. The evidence further demonstrates that smokers lose more teeth and have a less favorable response to therapy than do nonsmokers. Although it is well established that smoking significantly impacts on the onset, progression and outcome of periodontal disease, the mechanisms involved remain unclear. More importantly, some of the reported deleterious effects of smoking on periodontal tissues have been reported to be reversible upon participation in smoking‐cessation programs. Therefore, clinicians should strongly advise smokers to enroll in cessation strategies, even temporarily, in order to improve the overall outcome.
Periodontal microbiology in Latin America
Authors: Contreras Adolfo , Moreno Sandra M. , Jaramillo Adriana , Pelaez Melissa , Duque Andres , Botero Javier E. , Slots Jørgen 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis review article describes the microbiota associated with periodontal disease in Latin America. This vast territory includes 22 nations, which show great ethnic diversity, with large groups of White people, Black people, Mestizo people and Native people. Widespread poverty and limited access to education and health‐care services, including periodontal care, are prominent predisposing factors for destructive periodontal disease in Latin America. Black people and Mestizo people seem to have particularly severe periodontal disease and are frequently colonized by the major periodontal pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. The ‘red complex’ bacterial pathogens and A. actinomycetemcomitans predominate in chronic and aggressive periodontitis, but gram‐negative enteric rods and herpesviruses can also play important periodontopathic roles in Latin America. The key to minimizing the risk of periodontal disease is control of the pathogens, and new low‐cost periodontal treatments deserve serious consideration in Latin America.
From rural to urban areas: differences in behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia in nursing home residents according to geographical location
Authors: de Souto Barreto Philipe , Lapeyre‐Mestre Maryse , Vellas Bruno , Rolland Yves 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundWe determined whether the prevalence of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in institutionalized older adults differed according to the geographical location of different facilities.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study covered 175 nursing homes (NH) in France (n = 6275; age, 86.0 ± 8.2 years; women, 73.7%). Information on NH residents' health status and NH structure and internal organization were recorded by the NH staff. Each participant was coded for the presence or absence of the following BPSD: aggressive, screaming, and wandering behaviours. NH were geographically defined as rural (<2000 inhabitants), low urban (2000 ≤ inhabitants < 10 000), intermediate urban (10 000 ≤ inhabitants < 100 000), or high urban (inhabitants ≥ 100 000).ResultsAdjusted binary logistic regressions showed that, compared with residents living in rural NH, those living in NH located in high‐urban areas had a significantly higher risk of aggressiveness (odds ratio = 1.33; 95% confidence interval = 1.06–1.67) and screaming (odds ratio = 1.43; 95% confidence interval = 1.05–1.95). The likelihood of aggressiveness was also higher in residents living in NH located in intermediate‐urban areas (odds ratio = 1.36; 95% confidence interval = 1.13–1.65).ConclusionsRurality seems to play a positive role in the expression of BPSD. If this hypothesis were confirmed, it would encourage NH staff to develop activities that explore rural potentials for the management of BPSD.
Explaining low rates of sustained use of siphon water filter: evidence from follow‐up of a randomised controlled trial in Bangladesh
Authors: Najnin Nusrat , Arman Shaila , Abedin Jaynal , Unicomb Leanne , Levine David I. , Mahmud Minhaj , Leder Karin , Yeasmin Farzana , Luoto Jill E. , Albert Jeff , Luby Stephen P. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo assess sustained siphon filter usage among a low‐income population in Bangladesh and study relevant motivators and barriers.MethodsAfter a randomised control trial in Bangladesh during 2009, 191 households received a siphon water filter along with educational messages. Researchers revisited households after 3 and 6 months to assess filter usage and determine relevant motivators and barriers. Regular users were defined as those who reported using the filter most of the time and were observed to be using the filter at follow‐up visits. Integrated behavioural model for water, sanitation and hygiene (IBM‐WASH) was used to explain factors associated with regular filter use.ResultsRegular filter usage was 28% at the 3‐month follow‐up and 21% at the 6‐month follow‐up. Regular filter users had better quality water at the 6‐month, but not at the 3‐month visit. Positive predictors of regular filter usage explained through IBM‐WASH at both times were willingness to pay >US$1 for filters, and positive attitude towards filter use (technology dimension at individual level); reporting boiling drinking water at baseline (psychosocial dimension at habitual level); and Bengali ethnicity (contextual dimension at individual level). Frequently reported barriers to regular filter use were as follows: considering filter use an additional task, filter breakage and time required for water filtering (technology dimension at individual level).ConclusionThe technological, psychosocial and contextual dimensions of IBM‐WASH contributed to understanding the factors related to sustained use of siphon filter. Given the low regular usage rate and the hardware‐related problems reported, the contribution of siphon filters to improving water quality in low‐income urban communities in Bangladesh is likely to be minimal.
Migration and the Environment: Policy Reform in a Polluted Open Economy
Authors: Chao Chi‐Chur , Laffargue Jean‐Pierre , Liu Xiangbo , Sgro Pasquale M. , Xiao YuChao 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPrevious literature on labour migration has paid little attention to the influence of environmental attributes. This paper attempts to remedy this void by developing a simple, two‐region general equilibrium model with amenities playing a key role in affecting migration flows. Specifically, we argue that in the presence of an environmental externality, interregional labour migration depends not only on wages but also on amenities. People may leave a region offering higher wages, if the resulting utility loss from worsened amenities exceeds the gain in wages. Policies should be adopted by regions or nations to regulate the environment to provide for the quality of living. To attain this goal, regional or international policy cooperation on tradable pollution permits can be superior to pollution permits supplied independently by each region or nation while non‐tradable between them.
Intrapulmonary arteriovenous anastomoses in humans – response to exercise and the environment
Authors: Lovering Andrew T. , Duke Joseph W. , Elliott Jonathan E. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIntrapulmonary arteriovenous anastomoses (IPAVA) have been known to exist in human lungs for over 60 years. The majority of the work in this area has largely focused on characterizing the conditions in which IPAVA blood flow (IPAVA) is either increased, e.g. during exercise, acute normobaric hypoxia, and the intravenous infusion of catecholamines, or absent/decreased, e.g. at rest and in all conditions with alveolar hyperoxia ( = 1.0). Additionally, IPAVA is present in utero and shortly after birth, but is reduced in older (>50 years) adults during exercise and with alveolar hypoxia, suggesting potential developmental origins and an effect of age. The physiological and pathophysiological roles of IPAVA are only beginning to be understood and therefore these data remain controversial. Although evidence is accumulating in support of important roles in both health and disease, including associations with pulmonary arterial pressure, and adverse neurological sequelae, there is much work that remains to be done to fully understand the physiological and pathophysiological roles of IPAVA. The development of novel approaches to studying these pathways that can overcome the limitations of the currently employed techniques will greatly help to better quantify IPAVA and identify the consequences of IPAVA on physiological and pathophysiological processes. Nevertheless, based on currently published data, our proposed working model is that IPAVA occurs due to passive recruitment under conditions of exercise and supine body posture, but can be further modified by active redistribution of pulmonary blood flow under hypoxic and hyperoxic conditions.
Draft Genome Sequence of Enterobacter cloacae Strain S611
Authors: Wang Dongping , Han Cliff S. , Dichosa Armand E. K. , Gleasner Cheryl D. , Johnson Shannon L. , Daligault Hajnalka E. , Davenport Karen W. , Li Po-E , Pierson Elizabeth A. , Pierson Leland S. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT

We report draft genomes of
Enterobacter cloacae
strain S611, an endophytic bacterium isolated from surface-sterilized germinating wheat seeds. We present the assembly and annotation of its genome, which may provide insights into the metabolic pathways involved in adaptation.