bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term follow up of 103 ankylosed permanent incisors surgically treated with decoronation – a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Malmgren Barbro , Tsilingaridis Georgios , Malmgren Olle 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackground/AimDecoronation is a technique developed in 1984 to remove ankylosed teeth and increase marginal bone levels in young, growing individuals. This retrospective cohort study evaluates marginal bone development after decoronation in relation to gender and age at treatment.Materials and methodsThe study evaluated all 95 patients with 103 ankylosed permanent incisors treated with decoronation at the Eastmaninstitutet Department of Pediatric Dentistry during 1978–1999. Mean age of the patients was 10.7 years (6.8–17.8) at the time of trauma and 14.9 years (9.3–22.0) at decoronation. The mean follow‐up period was 4.6 years (1.0–19.3 years). The study evaluated development of the marginal alveolar bone level with a three‐point scoring system: 1 = Unchanged or reduced alveolar bone level, 2 = A moderate increase in alveolar bone level, and 3 = A considerable increase in alveolar bone level. The final group for statistical evaluation comprised 75 patients: 56 boys and 19 girls who had only one tooth decoronated. Kappa statistics showed almost complete agreement between the two observers (κ = 0.90).ResultsBone level changes were significantly correlated (P < 0.05) to gender and age at treatment. In decoronations performed after the age of 16, bone levels were unchanged or reduced, while decoronations performed at a mean age of 14.6 years in boys and 13 years in girls yielded a considerable increase in bone levels.ConclusionThis study indicates that age at decoronation is an important factor for favorable development of the alveolar ridge and that decoronation should be performed earlier in girls.
Gender differences in one‐year outcomes of first‐presentation psychosis patients in inner‐city UK Early Intervention Services
Authors: Tseliou Foteini , Johnson Sonia , Major Barnaby , Rahaman Nikola , Joyce John , Lawrence Jo , Mann Farhana , Tapfumaneyi Andrew , Chisholm Brock , Chamberlain‐Kent Nick , Hinton Mark F. , Fisher Helen L. ,   MiData Consortium
Published: March 2015

AbstractAimMen and women have historically been shown to differ in their presentation and outcome of psychotic disorders and thus are likely to have different treatment needs. It is unclear whether Early Intervention Services (EIS) are able to provide equitable care for both men and women presenting for the first time with psychosis. The main aim of this study was to explore gender differences for first‐presentation psychosis patients at the time of their referral to inner‐city EIS and their outcomes 1 year later.MethodsAudit data were utilized from 1098 first‐presentation psychosis patients from seven EIS across London, UK, collected via the computerized MiData package. Binary logistic regression was employed to detect potential associations between gender and (i) initial clinical presentation (including duration of untreated psychosis, pathways to care, risk behaviours); and (ii) 1‐year clinical and functional outcomes.ResultsAt entry to EIS, male patients presented with more violent behaviour whereas female patients had more suicide attempts. Following 1 year of EIS care, men still presented as more violent towards others whereas women were more likely to have been admitted to a psychiatric ward.ConclusionGender differences in clinical outcome, service use and risk behaviours were apparent within the first year of specialist psychosis care. This may be partly due to the different pathways to care taken by men and women and differences in clinical presentation. Greater focus on the specific needs of each gender by EIS in detection and intervention is required to improve equality of outcome.
Role of social media and the Internet in pathways to care for adolescents and young adults with psychotic disorders and non‐psychotic mood disorders
Authors: Birnbaum Michael L. , Rizvi Asra F. , Correll Christoph U. , Kane John M. , Confino Jamie 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAimsAlthough psychosis often occurs during adolescence, there has been little research on how the ubiquitously used Internet and social media could impact pathways to care. We examined how youth with psychotic spectrum disorders (PSD) versus non‐psychotic mood disorders (NPMD) use online resources in the early illness stages.MethodsSocial media use and pathways to care data were collected using a semi‐structured interview from 80 youth (PSD = 40 and NPMD = 40) aged 12–21 years within 2 years of symptom onset.ResultsA total of 97.5% of participants (mean age = 18.3 years) regularly used social media, spending approximately 2.6 ± 2.5 h per day online. There were 22.4% of our sample (PSD = 19.4%, NPMD = 25.0%, P = 0.56) who reported waiting to reach out for help believing that symptoms would disappear. A total of 76.5% (PSD = 67.5%, NPMD = 85.0%, P = 0.06) noticed social media habit changes during symptom emergence. Thirty per cent reported discussing their symptoms on social media (PSD = 22.5%, NPMD = 37.5%, P = 0.14). NPMD patients sought information most on how to stop symptoms (40.0% vs. 13.5%, P = 0.01), while PSD youth were more commonly interested in what caused their symptoms (21.6% vs. 15.0%, P = 0.45). More PSD patients (42.9% vs. 25.0%, P = 0.10) would prefer to receive mental health information via the Internet. Altogether, 63.6% (PSD = 64.9%, NPMD = 62.5%, P = 0.83) were amenable to clinicians proactively approaching them via social media during symptom emergence. A total of 74.3% (PSD = 78.4%, NPMD = 70.0%, P = 0.40) liked the idea of obtaining help/advice from professionals via social media.ConclusionsThe Internet and social media provide an unparalleled opportunity to supplement and potentially transform early intervention services, and acceptance of this approach appears to be high.
How can we increase physical activity and exercise among youth experiencing first‐episode psychosis? A systematic review of intervention variables
Authors: Rosenbaum Simon , Lederman Oscar , Stubbs Brendon , Vancampfort Davy , Stanton Robert , Ward Philip B. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAimsTo review intervention variables and outcomes of studies designed to increase physical activity or exercise participation among people experiencing first‐episode psychosis.MethodsA systematic review of electronic databases was conducted from inception to November 2014.ResultsEleven eligible studies describing 12 interventions were included (n = 351; 14–35 years) incorporating health coaching (n = 5), exercise prescriptions based on physiological parameters (e.g. heart rate) (n = 3), supervised, individually tailored programmes (n = 2), an Internet‐delivered intervention and a yoga intervention. The majority of the interventions were delivered over 12 weeks (n = 6) and in community settings (n = 11). Five studies assessed aerobic capacity (VO2 max or VO2 peak) and three studies assessed self‐reported physical activity levels.ConclusionsConsiderable heterogeneity in the design, implementation and assessment of interventions was found. There is an urgent need to better understand how physical activity can be increased in line with the internationally endorsed HeaL (Healthy Active Lives) Declaration 5‐year physical activity target.
Cytomegalovirus reactivation in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Hasegawa Tetsuo , Aisa Yoshinobu , Shimazaki Kengo , Ito Chisako , Nakazato Tomonori 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe introduction of novel antimyeloma agents has improved the outcome of multiple myeloma (MM) dramatically. However, it has also led to an increasing incidence of Herpesviridae family virus infections, including a high incidence of post‐transplant cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation after treatment with novel agents. We herein retrospectively assessed the CMV reactivation in all 120 newly diagnosed patients with MM consecutively seen and treated at our hospital. CMV antigenemia tests were ordered in 58 patients depending on the clinical context, and the incidence of CMV reactivation and proven/suspected CMV disease requiring antiviral therapy was 20% (24 of 120) and 11% (13 of 120) respectively, including those without stem cell transplantation (SCT). The clinical and laboratory characteristics of these patients were compared with those in 34 CMV antigenemia‐negative (CMV‐negative) patients. Patients with extramedullary disease or a low absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) had a higher risk of developing CMV reactivation. In addition, the median duration from the time of MM diagnosis to CMV reactivation was 5.0 months. These results suggest that, regardless of whether or not undergoing SCT, elderly patients with MM receiving novel agents should be monitored for CMV reactivation to allow for the timely diagnosis and treatment, especially for those with extramedullary disease.
The effect of soil moisture, soil particle size, litter layer and carbonic anhydrase on the oxygen isotopic composition of soil‐released CO2
Authors: Von Sperber C. , Weiler M. , Brüggemann N. 
Published: March 2015

SummarySoil respiration and photosynthesis are the two largest carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere and, therefore, the dominant processes influencing the oxygen isotopic composition of atmospheric CO2. The characterization of temporal and spatial variations of plant and soil‐related fluxes of different oxygen isotopologues of CO2 (12C16O2; 12C16O18O) is relevant to constraining the global carbon budget. The oxygen isotopic composition of soil‐respired CO2 is controlled by its release rate, the degree of isotopic equilibrium with soil water and the diffusional transport of CO2. The hypothesis of this study was that, as well as soil moisture, the soil particle size, the presence of an organic litter layer and the enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA) would have a significant impact on the oxygen isotopic composition of soil‐released CO2. We tested this hypothesis with soil microcosm experiments on columns of medium and fine sand. Soil water content and soil texture influenced the isotopic composition of soil‐released CO2 significantly. A litter layer had a significant effect on the isotopic composition of water vapour but not on CO2 released from soil. In the absence of CA, oxygen isotope equilibration between the CO2 invasion flux and soil water was insignificant, whereas in the presence of CA about 55% of the CO2 invading the soil exchanged oxygen isotopes with soil water. Our findings highlight the importance of small‐scale variability of soil attributes for the oxygen isotopic composition of soil‐released CO2 as well as the strong impact of CA activity in soils.
Intrinsic dynamics of the regional community
Authors: Ricklefs Robert E. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPatterns of diversity within large regional biotas express the outcomes of processes, operating on both regional and local scales, that influence evolutionary diversification as well as the distribution and abundance of species. Regional analyses of species distributions suggest that neither ecological sorting of species based on their adaptations to the physical environment, nor interactions between competing species, adequately explain patterns of species richness. Potentially competing species appear to utilise broadly overlapping resources with similar proficiency. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses reveal that species abundances and distributions within regions vary independently of evolutionary relationship. This implies the existence of dynamic, species‐specific controls on population growth, as could be applied by specialised pathogens or other antagonists. Here, I argue that the changing balance of coevolved interactions between hosts and their antagonists shapes the distribution and abundance of individual host populations as well as patterns of local species richness. Geographical expansion creates allopatric populations and thereby could promote diversification; contraction ultimately leads to extinction. This taxon‐cycle dynamic links regional diversity and distribution to intrinsic biological interactions independently of extrinsic ecological conditions. These hypotheses emphasise the central importance of investigating the impacts of pathogens on species abundance and distribution, and the potential consequences of coevolutionary changes in pathogen‐host relationships for species formation and extinction.
Does adherence to epilepsy quality measures correlate with reduced epilepsy‐related adverse hospitalizations? A retrospective experience
Authors: Ladner Travis R. , Morgan Clinton D. , Pomerantz Daniel J. , Kennedy Vanessa E. , Azar Nabil , Haas Kevin , Lagrange Andre , Gallagher Martin , Singh Pradumna , Abou‐Khalil Bassel W. , Arain Amir M. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryIn 2011, the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) established eight epilepsy quality measures (EQMs) for chronic epilepsy treatment to address deficits in quality of care. This study assesses the relationship between adherence to these EQMs and epilepsy‐related adverse hospitalizations (ERAHs). A retrospective chart review of 475 new epilepsy clinic patients with an ICD‐9 code 345.1‐9 between 2010 and 2012 was conducted. Patient demographics, adherence to AAN guidelines, and annual number of ERAHs were assessed. Fisher's exact test was used to assess the relationship between adherence to guidelines (as well as socioeconomic variables) and the presence of one or more ERAH per year. Of the eight measures, only documentation of seizure frequency, but not seizure type, correlated with ERAH (relative risk [RR] 0.343, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.176–0.673, p = 0.010). Among patients in the intellectually disabled population (n = 70), only review/request of neuroimaging correlated with ERAH (RR 0.128, 95% CI 0.016–1.009, p = 0.004). ERAHs were more likely in African American patients (RR 2.451, 95% CI 1.377–4.348, p = 0.008), Hispanic/Latino patients (RR 4.016, 95% CI 1.721–9.346, p = 0.016), Medicaid patients (RR 2.217, 95% CI 1.258–3.712, p = 0.009), and uninsured patients (RR 2.667, 95% CI 1.332–5.348, p = 0.013). In this retrospective series, adherence to the eight AAN quality measures did not strongly correlate with annual ERAH.
Ultrasonographic appearance of normal and injured lateral patellar ligaments in the equine stifle
Authors: Gottlieb R. , Whitcomb M. B. , Vaughan B. , Galuppo L. D. , Spriet M. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryReasons for performing studyUltrasound is widely used in horses with stifle lameness, yet limited information is available regarding the appearance of normal and injured lateral patellar ligaments (LPL).ObjectivesTo map the normal ultrasonographic appearance of the LPL. To describe the clinical and ultrasonographic features of LPL injuries.Study designDescriptive study of healthy horses and retrospective case series.MethodsTwelve horses without stifle lameness underwent ultrasonographic examination of bilateral LPLs and ultrasonographic features were recorded. Eighteen horses with LPL injury were identified from 1999 to 2011.ResultsThe normal LPL changes in appearance from origin to insertion. It shows ill‐defined margins at the patella, becomes flattened and bilobed over the lateral trochlear ridge, is oval‐triangular shaped with variable echogenicity and fibre pattern distal to the LTR, and becomes tapered with striations at the tibial insertion. LPL injury was identified in 18 horses of multiple breeds and uses. All injuries were acute, and 12 had wounds. Eleven horses were severely lame (grade 4–5/5). Ultrasonographic lesions were severe in 78% of cases. The mid to insertional portion of the LPL was most often affected. Radiography showed fractures of the tibial tuberosity (n = 6), patella (n = 4) and lateral trochlear ridge (n = 1). Fractures involved LPL attachments in 9 horses. Five were treated for osteomyelitis and one for synovial sepsis. Recheck ultrasound in 4 horses showed minimal to no change in the appearance of LPL injuries. Nine horses returned to riding, one continued as a broodmare, 2 were retired, one became a broodmare, 2 were lost to follow‐up and 3 were subjected to euthanasia owing to concurrent injuries.ConclusionNormal variations in shape, echogenicity and fibre pattern of the LPL are important considerations to prevent false positive diagnoses during ultrasonography. LPL injuries were often severe and associated with craniolateral stifle trauma. Prognosis varied from good to guarded in horses without additional severe injuries.
Development of a chemically defined in vitro culture system to effectively stimulate the proliferation of adult human dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Kim Min Seong , Yun Jung Im , Gong Seung Pyo , Ahn Ji Yeon , Lim Jeong Mook , Song Young Han , Park Kyu Hyun , Lee Seung Tae 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDespite the fact that dermal fibroblasts are a practical model for research related to cell physiology and cell therapy, an in vitro culture system excluding serum, which complicates standardization and specificity and induces variability and unwanted effects, does not exist. We tried to establish a CDCS that supports effective proliferation of aHDFs. KDMEM supplemented with 5% (v/v) KSR, 12 ng/ml bFGF, 5 ng/ml EGF and 1 μg/ml hydrocortisone supported sufficient proliferation of aHDFs for 1 week. However, aHDF proliferation was decreased greatly after subculture. This problem could be overcome by culturing aHDFs in CDCM in culture plates coated with 10 μg/ml FN. Long‐term culture of aHDFs was achieved using CDCM and FN‐coated culture plates for 7 weeks. The optimized CDCS increased the proliferation of aHDFs significantly, without any increase in the senescence rate or alteration in morphology of aHDFs, despite long‐term culture. In conclusion, we established a CDCS that improved proliferation of aHDFs while inhibiting cellular senescence. The CDCS will contribute to advances in various future research related to clinical skin regeneration.
Effect of new curcumin‐containing nanostructured lipid dispersions on human keratinocytes proliferative responses
Authors: Esposito Elisabetta , Sticozzi Claudia , Ravani Laura , Drechsler Markus , Muresan Ximena M. , Cervellati Franco , Cortesi Rita , Valacchi Giuseppe 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis study describes the production and characterization of nanostructured lipid dispersions (NLDs) containing curcumin (CUR) as new tools for curcumin topical delivery. Four types of NLDs based on monoolein in association with different emulsifiers were produced: Na cholate and poloxamer 407 (NLD1), poloxamer alone (NLD2), the mixture of Na cholate and Na caseinate (NLD3) and Na cholate alone (NLD4). Morphology and dimensional distribution of lipid dispersions were investigated by cryo‐TEM and photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS). In vitro studies based on Franz cell, membrane nylon and stratum corneum–epidermis (SCE) were carried out to compare the four NLDs in terms of cytotoxicity in human keratinocytes and CUR diffusion. Our PCS studies showed differences in particles diameter among the different NLDs. In addition, cytotoxicity results in HaCaT cells evidenced that NLD1 and NLD2 were toxic at doses over 1 μm. Therefore, cryo‐TEM was determined only for NLD3 and NLD4 showing that CUR did not affect their structure. Diffusion measurement in SCE and nylon membrane evidenced that CUR had a time‐delayed release for NLD4. The ‘wound healing’ effect of NLD3 and NLD4 with and without CUR analysed keratinocytes in vitro, and a clear inhibition of cell proliferation/migration by CUR was observed. This effect was mediated by the inhibition of cyclin D1 expression as a consequence of the impaired NFkB activation. This study confirms the antiproliferative properties of CUR and evidenced a new possible model of CUR topical delivery for hyperproliferative cutaneous diseases such as psoriasis.
Experimental investigation and life prediction of hot corrosion pre‐exposure on low‐cycle fatigue of a directionally solidified nickel‐base superalloy
Authors: Li S. L. , Yang X. G. , Qi H. Y. , Ma L. Q. , Yang J. S. , Shi D. Q. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractLow‐cycle fatigue tests were conducted on the directionally solidified nickel‐base superalloy DZ125 at 850 °C in the unexposed and exposed specimens for 2, 15, 25 and 50 h in hot corrosion environment. The pre‐exposed specimen exhibited a lower life than unexposed specimens. Fatigue cracks in the unexposed specimens are initiated from defects near the surface, while the cracks of exposed specimens preferentially occur on the surface. Hot corrosion damage in fatigue life was found to be associated with the reduction of the bearing area. A novel life prediction methodology based on continuum damage mechanics was proposed to predict the experimentally observed decrease in low‐cycle fatigue life with increasing prior exposure time.
Effects of seed traits on the potential for seed dispersal by fish with contrasting modes of feeding
Authors: Boedeltje Ger , Spanings Tom , Flik Gert , Pollux Bart J. A. , Sibbing Ferdinand A. , Verberk Wilco C. E. P. 
Published: March 2015

Summary

For aquatic and riparian plants, the important role of fish in seed dispersal is increasingly recognised. While the propensity of seeds to disperse is known to be a function of morphological, physical and chemical traits of the seed, in the case of fish‐mediated seed dispersal (ichthyochory), it is largely unknown how seed traits modulate the potential for seed ingestion and their subsequent survival through the gut. Furthermore, which seed traits are important may vary among fish species.

To evaluate the role of both seed and fish traits in ichthyochory, we fed seeds of 19 aquatic and riparian plant species to fish with differing feeding mechanisms. Cyprinus carpio (common carp) has a pharyngeal ‘mill’, which it uses physically to crush hard food, while Oreochromis mossambicus (Mozambique tilapia) has only tiny oral and pharyngeal teeth and instead relies more on chemical digestion.

A number of seed traits, including hardness, size and shape, were important determinants of the potential of seeds for ichthyochory. Certain traits (e.g. seed dimensions) were more important during ingestion, whereas other traits were more important for seed survival and subsequent germination (e.g. seed hardness, mucilaginous coat). Compared to controls, germination of retrieved seeds in carp was lower in 10 and higher in two plant species, whereas for tilapia, it was lower in seven and higher in three species. Overlap between these plant species was low, indicating clear difference between the fish studied in their potential for seed dispersal. Carp increased in size during the experiment and concomitant decreases in seed survival and retrieval were found, suggesting that body size and the correlated bite force is an important fish trait in ichthyochory.

Overall, seed hardness, size and shape appear crucial for the survival of seeds passing through the guts of carp and tilapia. Beyond this general pattern, a greater complexity of trait‐performance relationships appeared: different seed traits are involved during each of the stages of ichthyochory. Moreover, the importance of seed traits differed between carp and tilapia, with some traits having interactive and contrasting effects in both fish species. Aquatic plants with floating seeds adapted to hydrochorous dispersal were less likely to be dispersed by tilapia than plants with non‐floating seeds, suggesting a dispersal trade‐off between ichthyochory and hydrochory. Thus, depending on their seed characteristics, fish may offer an additional dispersal route to aquatic and riparian plants.