bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Induced disgust affects implicit and explicit responses toward gay men and lesbians
Authors: Cunningham Emily , Forestell Catherine A. , Dickter Cheryl L. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn the current study, disgust was induced using a carefully controlled odor manipulation to observe its effect on participants' implicit and explicit responses to homosexuals. Participants were presented with a vial containing an odor that was described as “body odor” (n = 47) that induced a high level of disgust, or “parmesan cheese” (n = 43) that induced a moderate level of disgust, or an odor‐free vial (n = 53). Subsequently, participants viewed images of homosexual and heterosexual couples, and their viewing times and ratings of the images' pleasantness were recorded. Additionally, they completed a “feelings thermometer” task, the Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Men scale that assessed feelings toward homosexuals, and the Three‐Domain Disgust Scale to measure sensitivity along three dimensions of disgust (pathogen, moral, and sexual). Results indicated that those in the body odor condition viewed images of gay (but not lesbian) couples for less time relative to images of heterosexual couples compared with participants in the other two conditions. With respect to explicit ratings, participants in the body odor condition reported colder feelings for gay relative to heterosexual men on the feelings thermometer compared with those in the no‐odor control condition. For pleasantness ratings, the odor manipulation served as a moderator, such that for those in the body odor condition only, higher sensitivity to sexual disgust predicted lower ratings for images of lesbian couples relative to straight couples. Thus, although induction of disgust biases implicit and explicit responses to gay couples, the degree to which this occurs for explicit ratings of lesbian couples depends on levels of sexual disgust. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unwilling, but not unaffected—Imagined contact effects for authoritarians and social dominators
Authors: Asbrock Frank , Gutenbrunner Lisa , Wagner Ulrich 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAccording to a dual process model perspective, intergroup contact should be particularly effective for people high in right‐wing authoritarianism (RWA), but not for those high in social dominance orientation (SDO), because of different underlying motivational goals. In the present studies, we tested the hypothesis that imagined contact, that is, the mental representation of a positive intergroup encounter, improves intergroup relations for high RWAs. In two experimental studies, we showed that high RWAs, compared with low RWAs, show less negative emotions toward Turks (Study 1; N = 120) and more willingness to engage in future contact with Romani people (Study 2; N = 85) after imagined contact. As expected, people high in SDO did not benefit from imagined contact. Instead, people low in SDO showed less negative emotions after imagined contact in Study 1, but this effect was not replicated in the second study. Theoretical implications and the role of imagined contact as a possible intervention for highly biased individuals will be discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CaMn0.875Ti0.125O3−δ as an Oxygen Carrier for Chemical‐Looping with Oxygen Uncoupling (CLOU)—Solid‐Fuel Testing and Sulfur Interaction
Authors: Sundqvist Sebastian , Leion Henrik , Rydén Magnus , Lyngfelt Anders , Mattisson Tobias 
Published: June 2013

AbstractParticles of the perovskite material CaMn0.875Ti0.125O3−δ have been examined as an oxygen‐carrier material for chemical‐looping with oxygen uncoupling (CLOU). The aim of the work has been to determine the effect of the fuel‐to‐bed mass ratio for oxidizing solid fuels, and to determine the influence of SO2 on the reactivity with fuel. Two solid fuels have been used: a Mexican petroleum coke and a Colombian coal. The oxygen‐carrier material used in this study was CaMn0.875Ti0.125O3−δ and was developed and manufactured by the Norwegian research institute SINTEF. The experiments were conducted in a discontinuous quartz glass batch fluidized‐bed reactor with an inner diameter of 10 mm. The particle bed rests on a porous plate, and thermocouples 5 mm under and 10 mm above the plate were used for measuring the temperature. In the oxidation phase a flow of 1000 mL min−1 with 5 % oxygen in nitrogen was used. During the solid fuel experiments the bed was fluidized with 600 mL min−1 nitrogen and 0.1 g of solid fuel added to the reactor from the top. In the experiments with gaseous fuels the bed was fluidized with 900 mL min−1 total flow, consisting of 450 mL min−1 CH4 and 450 mL min−1 with 0.25–0.5 % SO2 in nitrogen. It was found that the Colombian coal was oxidized considerably faster than the petroleum coke, and this is unexpected because the kinetics for O2 release from the oxygen carrier were expected to determine conversion rate rather than the reactivity of the fuels. The overall rate of conversion increased for experiments with larger bed mass as an expected result. The SO2 had a negative effect on the reactivity of the oxygen carrier, likely because of formation of CaSO4.
Establishing Interpretive Consistency When Mixing Approaches: Role of Sampling Designs in Evaluations
Authors: Collins Kathleen M. T. , Onwuegbuzie Anthony J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe goal of this chapter is to recommend quality criteria to guide evaluators' selections of sampling designs when mixing approaches. First, we contextualize our discussion of quality criteria and sampling designs by discussing the concept of interpretive consistency and how it impacts sampling decisions. Embedded in this discussion are challenges impacting interpretive consistency. Strategies and an integrative sampling framework comprising published frameworks are presented to facilitate evaluators' decisions about selecting sampling designs in accordance to specific criteria. We conclude by presenting an illustrative application of mixed sampling design criteria to a published mixed evaluation study as a heuristic example of a way of embedding sampling criteria in a mixed evaluation. ©Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Daily reservoir‐scale subsurface monitoring using ambient seismic noise
Authors: de Ridder S. A. L. , Biondi B. L. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSeismic interferometry is applied to continuous seismic recordings spanning 5 days and over 2200 stations at the Valhall Life‐of‐Field Seismic array in the Norwegian North Sea. We retrieve both fundamental‐mode and first‐overtone Scholte waves by cross correlation. Ambient seismic noise tomography using the vertical component of this dense array produces group velocity maps of fundamental‐mode Scholte waves with high repeatability from only 24 h of recording. This repeatability makes daily reservoir‐scale near‐surface continuous monitoring of the subsurface feasible. Such monitoring may detect production‐related changes over a long time scale (months to years) and may be useful for early detection of short time scale hazards (days to weeks) such as migrating gases and fluids. We validate our velocity maps by comparing them with maps obtained independently from controlled‐source data.
High‐speed rupture in the first 20 s of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, Japan
Authors: Uchide Takahiko 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe 2011 Tohoku earthquake produced tens of meters of fault slip near the Japan Trench, which generated devastating tsunami. The rupture process before the huge slip is still unclear due to a lack of resolution. Here I perform a multiscale slip inversion analysis to examine the first 10 and 20 s of the rupture process and the whole rupture process at different scales. The result shows that 4 s after the initiation, this earthquake started with a relatively high‐speed rupture that had a peak slip rate faster than 1 m/s and a rupture velocity comparable to 3 km/s. Fourteen seconds after the initiation, the rupture propagation direction changed from northward to westward, near the edge of the M 7.3 foreshock coseismic slip area. The stress release by the foreshock may contribute to the complex small‐scale rupture propagation, which may appear to be slow rupture propagation when only looking at long‐period data.
UNDERSTAND THE GLOBAL ECONOMIC CRISIS: A TEXT SUMMARIZATION APPROACH
Authors: Liu Shuhua , Favre Benoit 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYEconomic crises are significant threats to macroeconomic stability. They can incur large costs and bring devastating effects on economies, with the effects often spilling over into other economies. Since 2007 we have witnessed the most severe and widely spread economic crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s. In the meantime, a huge amount of ongoing media coverage, reporting, analysis and debate concerning the global economic crisis has been generated. In this study we explore the possibilities of applying text summarization tools to learn from text documents the various discussions surrounding the global economic crisis. Included in our analysis are blog posts and articles of highly influential economists, as well as official speeches and publications of government organizations. The ICSI‐ILP extractive summarizer is applied in a large number of experiments, and the summary outputs are manually examined and evaluated. The results provide us with insights into the potential and limitations of state‐of‐the‐art summarization systems when used to help us quickly learn and digest large amounts of textual information. The results also suggest different ways to break the limitations of text summarization technology. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Peripheral G protein‐coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channels are involved in δ‐opioid receptor‐mediated anti‐hyperalgesia in rat masseter muscle
Authors: Chung M‐K. , Cho Y.S. , Bae Y.C. , Lee J. , Zhang X. , Ro J.Y. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the efficacy of peripherally administered opioid has been demonstrated in preclinical and clinical studies, the underlying mechanisms of its anti‐hyperalgesic effects are poorly understood. G protein‐coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels are linked to opioid receptors in the brain. However, the role of peripheral GIRK channels in analgesia induced by peripherally administered opioid, especially in trigeminal system, is not clear.MethodsExpression of GIRK subunits in rat trigeminal ganglia (TG) was examined with reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Chemical profiles of GIRK‐expressing neurons in TG were further characterized. Behavioural and Fos experiments were performed to examine the functional involvement of GIRK channels in δ‐opioid receptor (DOR)‐mediated anti‐hyperalgesia under an acute myositis condition.ResultsTG expressed mRNA and proteins for GIRK1 and GIRK2 subunits. Majority of GIRK1‐ and GIRK2‐expressing neurons were non‐peptidergic afferents. Inhibition of peripheral GIRK using Tertiapin‐Q (TPQ) attenuated antinociceptive effects of peripherally administered DOR agonist, [D‐Pen2, D‐Pen6]‐enkephalin (DPDPE), on mechanical hypersensitivity in masseter muscle. Furthermore, TPQ attenuated the suppressive effects of peripheral DPDPE on neuronal activation in the subnucleus caudalis of the trigeminal nucleus (Vc) following masseteric injection of capsaicin.ConclusionsOur data indicate that peripheral DOR agonist‐induced suppression of mechanical hypersensitivity in the masseter muscle involves the activity of peripheral GIRK channels. These results could provide a rationale for developing a novel therapeutic approach using peripheral GIRK channel openers to mimic or supplement the effects of peripheral opioid agonist.
Radiation pressure on a biconcave human Red Blood Cell and the resulting deformation in a pair of parallel optical traps
Authors: Liao Guan‐Bo , Chen Yin‐Quan , Bareil Paul B. , Sheng Yunlong , Chiou Arthur , Chang Ming‐Shien 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe calculated the three‐dimensional optical stress distribution and the resulting deformation on a biconcave human red blood cell (RBC) in a pair of parallel optical trap. We assumed a Gaussian intensity distribution with a spherical wavefront for each trapping beam and calculated the optical stress from the momentum transfer associated with the reflection and refraction of the incident photons at each interface. The RBC was modelled as a biconcave thin elastic membrane with uniform elasticity and a uniform thickness of 0.25 μm. The resulting cell deformation was determined from the optical stress distribution by finite element software, Comsol Structure Mechanics Module, with Young's modulus (E) as a fitting parameter in order to fit the theoretical results for cell elongation to our experimental data. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Plasmonic laser treatment for Morpholino oligomer delivery in antisense applications
Authors: Kalies Stefan , Heinemann Dag , Schomaker Markus , Escobar Hugo Murua , Heisterkamp Alexander , Ripken Tammo , Meyer Heiko 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSeveral cell transfection techniques have been developed in the last decades for specific applications and for various types of molecules. In this context, laser based approaches are of great interest due to their minimal invasiveness and spatial selectivity. In particular, laser induced plasmon based delivery of exogenous molecules into cells can have great impact on future applications. This approach allows high‐throughput laser transfection by excitation of plasmon resonances at gold nanoparticles non‐specifically attached to the cell membrane. In this study, we demonstrate specific gene‐knockdown by transfection of Morpholino oligos using this technique with optimized particle size. Furthermore, we evaluated the cytotoxicity of plasmonic laser treatment by various assays, including LDH activity and ROS formation. In summary, this study gives important insights into this new approach and clearly demonstrates its relevance for possible biological applications. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of different modifications of a calcium phosphate cement on resorption and new bone formation: An in vivo study in the minipig
Authors: Tödtmann Ninette , Lode Anja , Mann Romy , Mai Ronald , Lauer Günter , Wieczorek Kathrin , Eckelt Uwe 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCalcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are established in surgery as temporary bone replacement materials. The most common and important class of CPC, transformed into nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite after setting, is characterized by good biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. However, acceleration of remodelling is in the focus of ongoing research. In the present study, the bone healing efficacy of Biocement D (BioD) modified with mineralized collagen alone (BioD/coll) or in combination with osteocalcin (BioD/coll/OC), O‐phospho‐L‐serine (BioD/coll/PS), sodium citrate (BioD/coll/cit), and polylactide (BioD/coll/PL), respectively, was evaluated in a large animal model. Resorption of the bone substitutes and new bone formation were studied in cyst‐like jaw defects of minipigs after filling with the unmodified BioD and the modified BioD variants, respectively. Histomorphometric analysis revealed small differences between the different cement types with respect to resorption. However, new bone formation was improved in case of defects repaired with BioD/coll/OC and BioD/coll/PS and slightly improved in case of BioD/coll and BioD/coll/PL. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 101B: 1410–1418, 2013.
Analyses of RANK and RANKL in the Post-GWAS Context: Functional Evidence of Vitamin D Stimulation Through a RANKL Distal Region
Authors: Yoskovitz Guy , Garcia-Giralt Natalia , Rodriguez-Sanz Maria , Urreizti Roser , Guerri Robert , Ariño-Ballester Sergi , Prieto-Alhambra Daniel , Mellibovsky Leonardo , Grinberg Daniel , Nogues Xavier , Balcells Susana , Diez-Perez Adolfo 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Over the past decade, many genome-wide association studies (GWAs) and meta-analyses have identified genes and regions involved in osteoporotic phenotypes. Nevertheless, the large majority of these results were not tested at any functional level. GWA-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near candidate genes such as RANK and RANKL suggest that these SNPs and/or other variants nearby may be involved in bone phenotype determination. This study focuses on SNPs along these two genes, which encode proteins with a well-established role in the bone remodeling equilibrium. Thirty-three SNPs, chosen for their location in evolutionary conserved regions or replicated from previous studies, were genotyped in the BARCOS cohort of 1061 postmenopausal women and tested for association with osteoporotic phenotypes. SNP rs9594738, which lies 184 kb upstream of the RANKL gene, was the only SNP found to be associated with a bone phenotype (dominant model: beta coefficient = –0.034, p = 1.5 × 10−4, for lumbar spine bone mineral density). Functional experiments exploring a distal region (DR) of 831 bp that harbors this SNP in a centered position (nt 470) demonstrated its capacity to inhibit the RANKL promoter in reporter gene assays. Remarkably, this DR inhibition was significantly reduced in the presence of vitamin D. In conclusion, the GWA-associated SNP rs9594738 lies in a region involved in transcription regulation through which vitamin D could be regulating RANKL expression and bone mineral density. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Altered Spinal MicroRNA-146a and the MicroRNA-183 Cluster Contribute to Osteoarthritic Pain in Knee Joints
Authors: Li Xin , Kroin Jeffrey S , Kc Ranjan , Gibson Gary , Chen Di , Corbett Grant T , Pahan Kalipada , Fayyaz Sana , Kim Jae-Sung , van Wijnen Andre J , Suh Joon , Kim Su-Gwan , Im Hee-Jeong 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to examine whether altered expression of microRNAs in central nervous system components is pathologically linked to chronic knee joint pain in osteoarthritis. A surgical animal model for knee joint OA was generated by medial meniscus transection in rats followed by behavioral pain tests. Relationships between pathological changes in knee joint and development of chronic joint pain were examined by histology and imaging analyses. Alterations in microRNAs associated with OA-evoked pain sensation were determined in bilateral lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and the spinal dorsal horn by microRNA array followed by individual microRNA analyses. Gain- and loss-of-function studies of selected microRNAs (miR-146a and miR-183 cluster) were conducted to identify target pain mediators regulated by these selective microRNAs in glial cells. The ipsilateral hind leg displayed significantly increased hyperalgesia after 4 weeks of surgery, and sensitivity was sustained for the remainder of the 8-week experimental period (F = 341, p &lt; 0.001). The development of OA-induced chronic pain was correlated with pathological changes in the knee joints as assessed by histological and imaging analyses. MicroRNA analyses showed that miR-146a and the miR-183 cluster were markedly reduced in the sensory neurons in DRG (L4/L5) and spinal cord from animals experiencing knee joint OA pain. The downregulation of miR-146a and/or the miR-183 cluster in the central compartments (DRG and spinal cord) are closely associated with the upregulation of inflammatory pain mediators. The corroboration between decreases in these signature microRNAs and their specific target pain mediators were further confirmed by gain- and loss-of-function analyses in glia, the major cellular component of the central nervous system (CNS). MicroRNA therapy using miR-146a and the miR-183 cluster could be powerful therapeutic intervention for OA in alleviating joint pain and concomitantly regenerating peripheral knee joint cartilage. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Sperm Storage and Sperm Competition Across Ovarian Cycles in the Dragon Lizard, Ctenophorus fordi
Authors: ULLER TOBIAS , SCHWARTZ TONIA , KOGLIN TROY , OLSSON MATS 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTFemale sperm storage can influence male reproductive success and may favour males that produce sperm that remain viable across several ovarian cycles. Here we show that sperm are viable in the female reproductive tract across ovarian cycles in the mallee dragon, Ctenophorus fordi. Based on experimental mating trials, we show that stored sperm were generally less likely to fertilize eggs than recently inseminated sperm. The fertilization success of stored sperm increased with male body size relative to rivals. This may be due to differences in ejaculate volume or sperm number transferred by males of different sizes. However, there was no evidence that copulation time, which is correlated with ejaculate volume, contributed to fertilization success. We suggest that sperm storage across ovarian cycles may be common in small, multi‐clutched lizards and that its impact on selection on male phenotypes could contribute to the evolution of lizard mating systems. J. Exp. Zool. 319A: 404–408, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of Growth Hormone (GH) Transgene and Nutrition on Growth and Bone Development in Common Carp
Authors: Zhu Tingbing , Zhang Tanglin , Wang Yaping , Chen Yushun , Hu Wei , Zhu Zuoyan 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTLimited information is available on effects of growth hormone transgene and nutrition on growth and development of aquatic animals. Here, we present a study to test these effects with growth‐enhanced transgenic common carp under two nutritional conditions or feeding rations (i.e., 5% and 10% of fish body weight per day). Compared with the nontransgenic fish, the growth rates of the transgenic fish increased significantly in both feeding rations. The shape of the pharyngeal bone was similar among treatments, but the transgenic fish had relatively smaller and lighter pharyngeal bone compared with the nontransgenic fish. Calcium content of the pharyngeal bone of the transgenic fish was significantly lower than that of the nontransgenic fish. Feeding ration also affected growth rate but less of an effect on bone development. By manipulating intrinsic growth and controlling for both environment (e.g., feeding ration) and genetic background or genotype (e.g., transgenic or not), this study provides empirical evidence that the genotype has a stronger effect than the environment on pharyngeal bone development. The pharyngeal bone strength could be reduced by decreased calcium content and calcification in the transgenic carp. J. Exp. Zool. 319A: 451–460, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Land‐lake breezes at low latitudes: The case of Tonle Sap Lake in Cambodia
Authors: Tsujimoto Kumiko , Koike Toshio 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTonle Sap Lake is the largest freshwater lake in Southeast Asia. During the postmonsoon season, a small linear cloud system has been observed over this lake in early morning, while the sky above the surrounding land is clear. Although this cloud system is apparently generated by land breezes, previous studies on land‐lake (sea) circulation have suggested that environmental factors at low latitudes inhibit development of nocturnal land breezes. In this study, we investigate the mechanism of these early morning clouds through numerical simulation. The simulations show a linear updraft system over the lake, forming along the southwest lakeshore around 22:00 and moving northeast to the middle of the lake. The heavier air mass from the land meets the extraordinarily warm and humid air mass over the lake, triggering updrafts under the conditionally convective instability. The characteristic high surface water temperature was favorable for generation of the land breeze and updraft systems. That high surface water temperature of the lake is produced by the tropical climate along with efficient energy absorption because of the shallowness of the water body. This unique feature can generate a clear nocturnal land breeze circulation accompanying a migrating updraft system over the lake despite its low latitude.