bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Results of Acute Prosthetic Joint Infection Treated with Debridement and Prosthesis Retention: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Font-Vizcarra Lluís , García Sebastián , Bori Guillem , Martinez-Pastor Juan Carlos , Zumbado Alonso , Morata Laura , Mensa Josep , Soriano Alex 
Published: October 2012

Purposes To evaluate the long-term outcome (at least 4 years) of patients who underwent a surgical debridement due to an acute prosthetic joint infection (PJI) and to compare them with a control group that did not have an acute septic complication. Methods From January 1999 to December 2007, 61 patients with an acute PJI in remission after 2 years of follow-up (cases) were retrospectively reviewed and compared with a control group (2:1) without an acute PJI matched by age, year of arthroplasty, and type of prosthesis. Septic and aseptic complications of each group were gathered and compared using a chi-square test. A two-tailed p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Out of 183 patients, 4 cases and 2 controls were excluded due to death or lost to follow up; 113 (63.8%) were females and 109 (61.5%) had a knee replacement. The mean age and time of followup were 68.3 and 6.4 years, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between cases and controls in the percentage of late septic or aseptic loosening. However, the late relapse rate in patients with acute PJI caused by S. aureus, was 12.5% (2 out of 16) and there was a trend towards significance when compared with the rest of the cohort (3.3%, p = 0.09). Aseptic late complications were more frequent in GN-cases (10.7%) than in the other groups (3.4% in GP-cases and 5% in controls) but this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.19). Conclusions In conclusion, although analyzing all late complications together, patients with an acute PJI have a similar long-term outcome in comparison with controls; patients with an acute PJI due to S. aureus had a higher late relapse rate; and GN-cases developed an aseptic loosening more frequently. In the future, it is necessary to evaluate larger series to confirm our results.
The Use of Bruner’s Modes of Representations in Teaching Factoring Second-Degree Polynomials
Authors: Cabahug Jerr A. 
Published: October 2012

In teaching mathematics, one of the common problems of teachers is how to teach unfamiliar and abstract concepts in such a way that the students would make sense of them. One of these ways is the use of the different teaching aids which are reflected in Bruner’s Theory. In his theory, Bruner argued that conceptual understanding could be enhanced if students are exposed to different representations of a concept. In particular, he identified three main types of representations: concrete, iconic, and symbolic. Bruner’s theory stipulates that all three modes can be utilized in introducing abstract concepts for students. Based on this theory, this paper discusses one possible set of activities in teaching the topic of factoring second-degree polynomials. In this set of activities, the students will be taught first to factor polynomials using algebraic tiles which constitutes concrete representation of the concept; followed by factoring polynomials using pictures as iconic representations; and lastly, the students will be taught on how to factor polynomials using algebraic patterns which are the symbolic representations. Keywords - Bruner’s Theory; representations; teaching; factoring second-degree polynomials; conceptual understanding
Multiple Intelligence-Based Learning Preferences of Students, Modes of Delivery and Assessment Tools used in Lourdes College
Authors: Napiere Miguela B. 
Published: October 2012

Based on Gardner’s (1983) Multiple Intelligence (MI) theory, this study examined the dominant intelligences and learning preferences of 232 freshmen in a school in Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines. The dominant modes of delivery and assessment tools used by 14 instructors in the basic subjects were also examined. Results revealed that students have dominant musical-rhythmic and spatial-visual intelligences; and they prefer to learn through linguistic and intrapersonal means. The dominant modes of delivery used were intrapersonal and logic-based modes; and the assessment tools used were primarily related to the interpersonal and logical-mathematical intelligences. Correlation results show that students who have strong intrapersonal intelligence tend to prefer to learn in linguistic ways. Each mode of delivery used in classes is significantly related to each assessment tool. The study suggests the need for more instructional strategies that will tap the musical and visual intelligences of students; and more opportunities to demonstrate their learning through active involvement, sound-related activities, and reflection-stimulating ways. Keywords - multiple intelligences, learning preferences, modes of delivery, assessment tools
Non-traditional Beliefs of Secondary School Science Teachers as Correlates to Teaching Practices
Authors: Mahinay Ray Butch D. 
Published: October 2012

A teacher’s belief system shapes up his teaching practices. This study investigated the relationship between science beliefs and science teaching practices among the 94 public secondary school science teachers in Cagayan de Oro City. A descriptive-correlation method of research was employed. A survey tool from the National Council of Teachers in Mathematics was used but modified, tested and validated to suit the change of the subject domain which is from math to science. Results showed that the science teachers have primarily nontraditional levels both in their science beliefs and teaching practices. Analysis yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.509 which denotes that there is substantial relationship between the two variables. Through focus-group discussion, barriers in the belief-practice continuum were revealed. Despite the limiting factors in the process, the high level of belief and practices of the science teachers are attributed to the fact that 52% of them have taken post-baccalaureate studies where they learned updates on science instruction and 78% had attended 6 times or more on the trainings provided by the Department of Education. The study concludes that science beliefs and teaching practices is a dynamic two-way progression between one’s personal structures and practical experience. Keywords - teacher’s beliefs, teaching practices, science education
Families: an Inevitable Institution in Present Day Vietnam
Authors: Binh Nguyen Thanh 
Published: October 2012

Vietnam is undergoing the process of industrialization and modernization. Vietnamese families are also in this transformation, too. The article focuses on analyzing definition of social institution from sociological point of view, and finding some proof that family is indispensable in present day Vietnam as a special social institution. Keywords - Vietnam, family, institution, industrialization, modernization.
Cognitive Learning Strategies among Teacher Education Students: Their Implications for Improving Classroom Practices
Authors: Lubrica Percyveranda A. , Montemayor Janetlynn S. , Botengan Desiree F. , Alvaro Manolita N. , Capili Arnulfo C. , Yango Divina M. , Angiwan Evelyn S. , Gallardo Alma Vida G. 
Published: October 2012

The study was conducted with the goal of determining the cognitive learning strategies among teacher education students and their implications to classroom teaching. A descriptive method of research was used to find the students’ perceptual modality preference for learning among students, cognitive learning strategies and factors which are significant predictors for determining their cognitive learning strategies. Results showed that diversity in the classroom exists; the students are visual and group learners. The preference of working in group and verbal learning makes the students learn better than learning independently. Students’ characteristics have influence in various aspects in the classroom practices. The study concluded that students’ characteristics such as gender, language spoken and ethnic origin are significant predictors in determining the level of preference of students in terms of cognitive learning strategies. A model was formulated for improving classroom practices in which the College of Teacher Education should operate in a multicultural perspective with regard to teacher education programs. The model includes a development framework for curriculum restructuring, teacher development and student development. Keywords - Cognitive Learning Strategies, Perceptual Modality Preference for Learning, Classroom teaching practices
Recollection as Tool for Environmental Education and Strategy for Raising Awareness and Sensitivity Among Selected Youths
Authors: Lunar Bernardo C. , Medallon Merlita C. 
Published: October 2012

The Christian Foundation for Children and Aging (CFCA) is an organization that responds to environmental awareness and education through an environmental recollection. Environmental recollection was conducted among twenty student respondents who are scholars of CFCA. Using a researcher-developed questionnaire, data on the level of knowledge on four environmental issues: global warming, climate change, waste management and resource preservation and the action plans were gathered. Results show that the student respondents are well informed of the environmental issues prior to the environmental recollection but a significant increase in the level of knowledge was found after the environmental recollection. The students strongly agree on the plan to preserve the resources and the proper waste management procedures. All the students get information on environmental issues from their teachers, while majority also obtain them from media and seminars. Other information was obtained from home through their parents, classmates, and pamphlets. There is significant association between prior level of knowledge in waste management, prior level of knowledge in resource preservation and the post level of knowledge in all environmental issues and number of sources from which they get the information. Environmental recollection is a good tool in awakening the students in the current environmental situation. Keywords - environmental recollection, environmental education, environmental sensitivity, environmental awareness, responsible behaviour, preservation
Building‐Block Diversity in Polydopamine Underpins a Multifunctional Eumelanin‐Type Platform Tunable Through a Quinone Control Point
Authors: Della Vecchia Nicola F. , Avolio Roberto , Alfè Michela , Errico Maria E. , Napolitano Alessandra , d'Ischia Marco 
Published: October 2012

AbstractRational approaches to engineering polydopamine films with tailored properties for surface coating and functionalization are currently challenged by the lack of detailed information about the polymer structure and the mechanism of buildup. Using an integrated chemical and spectroscopic approach enables the demonstration of: a) a three‐component structure of polydopamine, comprising uncyclized (catecholamine) and cyclized (indole) units, as well as novel pyrrolecarboxylic acid moieties; b) remarkable variations in the relative proportions of the cyclized and uncyclized units with starting dopamine concentration; c) the occurrence of oligomer components up to the tetramer level; d) the covalent incorporation of Tris buffer; and e) the role of dopamine quinone as a crucial control point for directing the buildup pathways and tuning the properties. The importance of the uncyclized amine‐containing units in polydopamine adhesion is also highlighted. The proper selection of substrate concentration and buffer is thus proposed as a practical means of tailoring polydopamine functionality via control of competing pathways downstream of dopamine quinone.
Review: Ototoxic Characteristics of Platinum Antitumor Drugs
Authors: Ding Dalian , Allman Brian L. , Salvi Richard 
Published: October 2012

AbstractCisplatin, carboplatin, nedaplatin, and oxaliplatin are widely used in contemporary oncology; however, their ototoxic and neurotoxic side effects are quite different as discussed in this review. Cisplatin is considered the most ototoxic, but despite its reputation, the magnitude of hair cell loss that occurs with a single, large drug bolus is limited and confined to the base of the cochlea. For all of these platinum compounds, a major factor limiting damage is drug uptake from stria vascularis into the cochlear fluids. Disrupting the blood–labyrinth barrier with diuretics or noise exposure enhances drug uptake and significantly increases the amount of damage. Combined treatment with ethacrynic acid (a loop diuretic) and cisplatin results in rapid apoptotic hair cell death characterized by upregulation of initiator caspase‐8 and membrane death receptor, TRADD, followed by downstream executioners, caspase‐3 and caspase‐6. Unlike cisplatin, nedaplatin and oxaliplatin are highly neurotoxic when applied to cochlear cultures preferentially damaging auditory nerve fibers at low concentrations and hair cells at high concentrations. Carboplatin, considered far less ototoxic than cisplatin, is paradoxically highly toxic to chinchilla inner hair cells and type I spiral ganglion neurons; however, at high doses it also damages outer hair cells. Hair cell death from cisplatin and carboplatin is characterized in its early stages by upregulation of p53; blocking p53 expression with pifithrin‐α prevents hair cell death. Major differences in the toxicity of these four platinum compounds may arise from several different metal transporters that selectively regulate the influx, efflux, and sequestration of these drugs. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genetics of Hearing and Deafness
Authors: Angeli Simon , Lin Xi , Liu Xue Zhong 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis article is a review of the genes and genetic disorders that affect hearing in humans and a few selected mouse models of deafness. Genetics is playing an increasingly critical role in the practice of medicine. This is not only in part to the importance that genetic knowledge has on traditional genetic diseases but also in part to the fact that genetic knowledge provides an understanding of the fundamental biological process of most diseases. The proteins coded by the genes related to hearing loss (HL) are involved in many functions in the ear, such as cochlear fluid homeostasis, ionic channels, stereocilia morphology and function, synaptic transmission, gene regulation, and others. Mouse models play a crucial role in understanding of the pathogenesis associated with these genes. Different types of familial HL have been recognized for years; however, in the last two decades, there has been tremendous progress in the discovery of gene mutations that cause deafness. Most of the cases of genetic deafness recognized today are monogenic disorders that can be broadly classified by the mode of inheritance (i.e., autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X‐linked, and mitochondrial inheritance) and by the presence of associated phenotypic features (i.e., syndromic; and nonsyndromic). In terms of nonsyndromic HL, the chromosomal locations are currently known for ∼ 125 loci (54 for dominant and 71 for recessive deafness), 64 genes have been identified (24 for dominant and 40 for recessive deafness), and there are many more loci for syndromic deafness and X‐linked and mitochondrial DNA disorders (http://hereditaryhearingloss.org). Thus, today's clinician must understand the science of medical genetics as this knowledge can lead to more effective disease diagnosis, counseling, treatment, and prevention. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Progress Toward Development of a Multichannel Vestibular Prosthesis for Treatment of Bilateral Vestibular Deficiency
Authors: Fridman Gene Y. , Della SAntina Charles C. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis article reviews vestibular pathology and the requirements and progress made in the design and construction of a vestibular prosthesis. Bilateral loss of vestibular sensation is disabling. When vestibular hair cells are injured by ototoxic medications or other insults to the labyrinth, the resulting loss of sensory input disrupts vestibulo‐ocular reflexes (VORs) and vestibulo‐spinal reflexes that normally stabilize the eyes and body. Affected individuals suffer poor vision during head movement, postural instability, chronic disequilibrium, and cognitive distraction. Although most individuals with residual sensation compensate for their loss over time, others fail to do so and have no adequate treatment options. A vestibular prosthesis analogous to cochlear implants but designed to modulate vestibular nerve activity during head movement should improve quality of life for these chronically dizzy individuals. We describe the impact of bilateral loss of vestibular sensation, animal studies supporting feasibility of prosthetic vestibular stimulation, the current status of multichannel vestibular sensory replacement prosthesis development, and challenges to successfully realizing this approach in clinical practice. In bilaterally vestibular‐deficient rodents and rhesus monkeys, the Johns Hopkins multichannel vestibular prosthesis (MVP) partially restores the three‐dimensional (3D) VOR for head rotations about any axis. Attempts at prosthetic vestibular stimulation of humans have not yet included the 3D eye movement assays necessary to accurately evaluate VOR alignment, but these initial forays have revealed responses that are otherwise comparable to observations in animals. Current efforts now focus on refining electrode design and surgical technique to enhance stimulus selectivity and preserve cochlear function, optimizing stimulus protocols to improve dynamic range and reduce excitation–inhibition asymmetry, and adapting laboratory MVP prototypes into devices appropriate for use in clinical trials. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Novel Organ of Corti Explant Model for the Study of Cochlear Implantation Trauma
Authors: Bas Esperanza , Gupta Chhavi , Van De Water Thomas R. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis study presents a novel in vitro model of electrode insertion trauma‐induced hair cell (HC) damage and loss and its application for testing the efficacy of otoprotective drugs. In the cochlear implant (CI) procedure as a treatment for profound deafness, an electrode array is surgically inserted to provide electrical stimulation to the auditory nerve. Mechanical trauma from insertion of a CI electrode into the scala tympani can lead to inflammation and a high level of oxidative stress, which can initiate the apoptosis of auditory HCs and intracochlear fibrosis. HC apoptosis and intracochlear fibrosis are thought to be causes of poor CI functional outcomes. In order to gain insight into the molecular mechanisms that initiate HC apoptosis and scala tympani fibrosis following electrode insertion trauma (EIT), and the otoprotective effects of dexamethasone (DXM) observed in previous studies, an in vitro model of EIT was designed. Here we present and characterize a novel, reproducible in vitro model for the study of cellular and molecular events that occur following an EIT procedure. Cochleae from 3‐day‐old rats were subjected to a cochleostomy and were then divided into three groups: (1) control, (2) EIT, and (3) EIT + DXM (20 μg/mL). In Groups 2 and 3, a 0.28‐mm diameter monofilament fishing line was introduced through the small cochleostomy located next to the round window area, allowing for an insertion of between 110° and 150°. HC counts, gene expression for pro‐inflammatory cytokines (i.e., TNFα and IL‐1β), pro‐inflammatory inducible enzymes (i.e., iNOS and COX‐2) and growth factors (i.e., TGFβ1, TGFβ3 and CTGF), oxidative stress (i.e., CellROX), and analyses of apoptosis pathways (i.e., caspase‐3, apoptosis induced factor and Endonuclease G) were carried out on all explants at different time points. The results of this EIT in vitro model show the initiation of wound healing in which an inflammatory response is followed by a proliferative‐fibrosis phase. Moreover, DXM treatment of EIT explants inhibited the inflammatory response and promoted a nonscarring wound healing process. The novel in vitro model described here will improve our understanding of mechanisms underlying CI insertion trauma and protective strategies such as DXM treatment. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The use of Neurotrophin Therapy in the Inner Ear to Augment Cochlear Implantation Outcomes
Authors: Budenz Cameron L. , Pfingst Bryan E. , Raphael Yehoash 
Published: October 2012

AbstractSevere to profound deafness is most often secondary to a loss of or injury to cochlear mechanosensory cells, and there is often an associated loss of the peripheral auditory neural structures, specifically the spiral ganglion neurons and peripheral auditory fibers. Cochlear implantation is currently our best hearing rehabilitation strategy for severe to profound deafness. These implants work by directly electrically stimulating the remnant auditory neural structures within the deafened cochlea. When administered to the deafened cochlea in animal models, neurotrophins, specifically brain derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin‐3, have been shown to dramatically improve spiral ganglion neuron survival and stimulate peripheral auditory fiber regrowth. In animal models, neurotrophins administered in combination with cochlear implantation has resulted in significant improvements in the electrophysiological and psychophysical measures of outcome. While further research must be done before these therapies can be applied clinically, neurotrophin therapies for the inner ear show great promise in enhancing CI outcomes and the treatment of hearing loss. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodiclas, Inc.
The Trk A, B, C's of Neurotrophins in the Cochlea
Authors: Green Steven H. , Bailey Erin , Wang Qiong , Davis Robin L. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) are the afferent neurons of the cochlea, connecting the auditory sensory cells—hair cells—to the brainstem cochlear nuclei. The neurotrophins neurotrophin‐3 (NT‐3) and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are expressed in the cochlea and both support SGN survival during development. These neurotrophins remain expressed in the postnatal cochlea and continue to play additional roles for SGNs, contributing to maintenance of hair cell‐SGN synapses and regulating expression of ion channels, presynaptic and postsynaptic proteins, and SGN membrane electrical properties in a physiologically important spatial pattern. Remarkably, NT‐3 and BDNF have different, even opposing, effects on SGN physiology despite the close similarity of their receptors TrkB and TrkC. Recent studies have also raised the possibility that precursor proneurotrophin forms of the neurotrophins play a role in responses to trauma in the cochlea, signaling through the proneurotrophin receptor p75NTR. Here, we review expression and function of neurotrophins and their p75NTRand Trk‐family receptors in the cochlea. We focus, in particular, on neurotrophin functions other than support of SGN survival, including regulation of SGN neurite growth, synaptic and membrane physiology. These functions, unlike survival, are ones for which BDNF and NT‐3 substantially differ in their effects. Signal transduction mechanisms of p75NTRand of Trk‐family receptors are discussed, indicating how these lead to different responses, and we speculate on how BDNF and NT‐3 can cause different phenotypic changes in SGNs. Because these complex signaling interactions remain incompletely understood, use of neurotrophins as therapeutic agents in the cochlea should be approached with caution. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.