bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Curlew Numenius arquata population size and distribution at Ljubljansko barje in 2011 and 2012
Authors: Denac Katarina 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
In 2008, the IUCN uplisted the Curlew to near-threatened (NT) on its Red List. The bird’s population in Slovenia is localised and small, thus making it very important to be surveyed every year. Using the point count method, we recorded 9-12 breeding pairs in 2011 and 9-10 pairs in 2012 at Ljubljansko barje. Most of them were distributed in the eastern part of the area between the village of Lipe and the river Iščica, whereas only two occupied territories were discovered in 2011 and one in 2012 in the western part of the area. In a ten-year period, the area underwent agricultural intensification, with lowland non-intensive meadows declining by 50%. As a minimal requirement, meadows within the extent of the Curlew’s current distribution at Ljubljansko barje should be non-intensively managed (late first cut, no fertilizing or sowing of grass mixtures) and all other human activities prohibited from the beginning of March till the end of June (dog walking and training, ballooning, aircraft modelling). Based on the results of 2011 survey, Ljubljansko barje was designated an IBA for breeding Eurasian Curlews under the IBA criteria A1 and C1.
The photodegradation of model quinolone carboxylates in aqueous media
Authors: Bobeničová Miroslava , Čaklóšová Andrea , Dvoranová Dana 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This work was focused on the study of photoinduced processes of quinolone carboxylates in the presence of titanium dioxide in an alkaline media. UVA irradiation without/with titanium dioxide caused the decomposition of molecules, with higher efficiency of degradation in the presence of titanium dioxide. EPR spin trapping experiments proved that investigated quinolone carboxylates behave as the efficient scavengers of hydroxyl radicals produced upon irradiation of aerated alkaline titanium dioxide systems.
Structure of cis-dichlorobis(1,10-phenanthroline)manganese(II) and cis-dichlorobis(2,2´-bipyridine)manganese(II)
Authors: Čechová Danica , Martišková Alena , Moncol Jan 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The crystal structures of the title compounds, [Mn(phen)2Cl2] (I) and [Mn(bipy)2Cl2] (II), have been determined at 150 K. The manganese atoms in both compounds are coordinated by four pyridine nitrogen atoms from two 1,10-phenanthroline or 4,4´-bipyridine ligands and two chloride anions, resulting in a distorted cis-MnN4Cl2 octahedral geometry. Both complexes are connected through C-H・・・Cl hydrogen bonds into frameworks. The π-π stacking interactions are observed in crystal structure of both ones.
The DFT calculations of pKa values of the cationic acids of aniline and pyridine derivatives in common solvents
Authors: Poliak Peter 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The theoretical pKa values of the derivatives of anilinium and pyridinium ions in 7 solvents are presented. For this purpose, the usage of isodesmic reaction scheme using the DFT/B3LYP approach with IEFPCM solvation was evaluated. We have shown that the suitable selection of reference species has the primary influence on the resulting data. For the studied anilinium ion derivatives the nonsubstituted anilinium ion seems to be a satisfactory reference system. The calculated values are in good accordance with the available experimental data with the RMS error of 1.00 and 0.99 pKa units in water and THF, respectively. The highest error in predicted pKa value is less than 2.0 pKa units in all cases. The chemical accuracy of the applied treatment is limited in the case of nitroaniline ions and the maximal therotetical uncertainty for derivatives of the pyridinium ion is within 2.1 pKa units. Our theoretical results enable us to predict the values of pKa for the solvents, where the experimental data are not completely available. Also the influence of the chemical structure on the accuracy of the applied method was discussed.
Solvation enthalpies of the electron in polar and non-polar solvents: Theoretical study
Authors: Škorňa Peter , Rimarčík Ján , Klein Erik 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Although the electron transfer is a part of many important processes in biosystems that occur in the solution-phase, there is still no systematic theoretical study of the electron solvation enthalpies. The solvation enthalpies of the electron in different solvents of various polarities: benzene, toluene, acetone, methanol, ethanol, DMSO and water, are investigated. All calculations were performed by B3LYP, BHLYP and PBE approaches with aug-cc-pVDZ, aug-cc-pVTZ and aug-cc-pVQZ basis sets, using the Integral Equation Formalism Polarized Continuum Model (IEF-PCM). The calculations show that the B3LYP and PBE functionals provide similar results. With the exception of benzene, toluene and DMSO, the differences in values for all solvents are lower than 6 kJ mol-1. The BHLYP solvation enthalpies are higher by 20-25 kJ mol-1 than the B3LYP ones.
FE analysis of current displacement phenomena in a squirrel cage motor working at cryogenic temperature
Authors: Barański Mariusz 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The paper presents the special software for transient FE analysis of coupled electromagnetic-thermal problems in a squirrel cage submerged motor working at cryogenic temperature. A time-stepping finite element method and transients analysis of an induction motor has been applied. The non-linearity of the magnetic circuit, the movement of the rotor, skewed slots, and the influence of temperature on electric and thermal properties of the materials has been taken into account. Developed on the basis of presented algorithm a computer program used to analyze the phenomenon of current displacement in the rotor bars of high-voltage cage induction motor working in cryogenic conditions. The results of the simulations are presented.
Estimators of induction motor electromechanical quantities built on the basis of a machine secondary multi-loop equivalent circuit
Authors: Kaplon A. , Utrata G. , Rolek J. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Contemporary sensorless AC drives require the use of electromechanical quantities estimation. The skin effect occurring in AC machines with solid secondary or with solid secondary elements causes machines of this type to be represented by equivalent circuits containing distributed elements, which makes the analysis of machine electrodynamic states more complicated and hinders the construction of relatively simple and effective estimators of electromechanical quantities. The variability of rotor parameters is modelled, with a good approximation, by the machine secondary multi-loop equivalent circuit with lumped elements. In this paper the construction procedure of electromechanical state variable estimators basing on this type of equivalent circuit will be presented. The simulation investigations of the created electromechanical quantities estimators, performed for the selected states of solid iron rotor AC machine operation will be shown as well.
Genetic algorithm tuned IP controller for Load Frequency Control of interconnected power systems with HVDC links
Authors: Selvakumaran S. , Rajasekaran V. , Karthigaivel R. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
A new design of decentralized Load Frequency Controller for interconnected thermal non-reheat power systems with AC-DC parallel tie-lines based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) tuned Integral and Proportional (IP) controller is proposed in this paper. A HVDC link is connected in parallel with an existing AC tie-line to stabilize the frequency oscillations of the AC tie-line system. Any optimum controller selected for load frequency control of interconnected power systems should not only stabilize the power system but also reduce the system frequency and tie line power oscillations and settling time of the output responses. In practice Load Frequency Control (LFC) systems use simple Proportional Integral (PI) or Integral (I) controller. The controller parameters are usually tuned based on classical or trial-and-error approaches. But they are incapable of obtaining good dynamic performance for various load change scenarios in multi-area power system. For this reason, in this paper GA tuned IP controller is used. A two area interconnected thermal non-reheat power system is considered to demonstrate the validity of the proposed controller. The simulation results show that the proposed controller provides better dynamic responses with minimal frequency and tie-line power deviations, quick settling time and guarantees closed-loop stability margin.
Analysis of the proximity and skin effects on copper loss in a stator core
Authors: Młot Adrian , Korkosz Mariusz , Grodzki Piotr , Łukaniszyn Marian 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Accurate prediction of power loss distribution within an electrical device is highly desirable as it allows thermal behavior to be evaluated at the early design stage. Three-dimensional (3-D) and two-dimensional (2-D) finite element analysis (FEA) is applied to calculate dc and ac copper losses in the armature winding at high-frequency sinusoidal currents. The main goal of this paper is showing the end-winding effect on copper losses. Copper losses at high frequency are dominated by the skin and proximity effects. A time-varying current has a tendency to concentrate near the surfaces of conductors, and if the frequency is very high, the current is restricted to a very thin layer near the conductor surface. This phenomenon of nonuniform distribution of time-varying currents in conductors is known as the skin effect. The term proximity effect refers to the influence of alternating current in one conductor on the current distribution in another, nearby conductor. To evaluate the ac copper loss within the analyzed machine a simplified approach is adopted using one segment of stator core. To demonstrate an enhanced copper loss due to ac operation, the dc and ac resistances are calculated. The resistances ratio ac to dc is strongly dependent on frequency, temperature, shape of slot and size of slot opening.
Real time voltage stabilization in microgrid
Authors: Jangjoo Mohammad Amin , Seifi Ali Reza 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This study suggests a new algorithm based on a combination of fuzzy logic and genetic algorithm (GA) to improve voltage profile in a microgrid. The considered microgrid includes control variables such as onload tap changer (OLTC), active power output from distributed generators (DG) and reactive power output from feeder switched capacitors that are controlled in a microgrid controller (MGC) by communication links. The proposed method was used to obtain the optimum value of control variables to establish voltage stabilization in varying load condition as online. For establishing voltage stabilization at the microgrid, an objective function is defined and is tried to minimize it by control variables. The control variables were changed based on fuzzy logic and the GA was employed for finding the optimum shape of membership functions. In order to verify the proposed method, a 34 buses microgrid in varying load condition was analyzed and was compared with previous works.
Coprophagous beetle community (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Geotrupidae, Hydrophilidae) in two cattle pastures in South Bohemia
Authors: Šlachta Martin 
Published: July 2014

Abstract Simultaneous monitoring of coprophagous beetles was carried out using baited pitfall traps in mountain pastures at Jenín and Pasečná in the southern part of the Czech Republic. In total, 5,787 specimens of 31 species were collected in six one-week sampling trials carried out during 2011-2013. Little difference was found between the pastures in the total abundance of the collected material (8%) and in the diversity (Shannon’s index of diversity, Z = 1.78, P = 0.07). Considerable differences were found in the abundance of several species: Aphodius sphacelatus (Panzer 1798) and Aphodius erraticus (Linnaeus 1758) were more abundant at Jenín (by 85 and 98%, respectively), while Onthophagus fracticornis (Preyssler 1790), Anoplotrupes stercorosus (Hartmann in L. G. Scriba 1791), Geotrupes stercorarius (Linnaeus, 1758), and Aphodius depressus (Kugelann 1792) were more abundant at Pasečná (by 89%, 95% 100% and 100%, respectively). Due to their tunnelling breeding activity in soil beneath animal droppings, O. fracticornis and G. stercorarius may provide valuable ecosystem services in Pasečná pasture, mainly bioturbation and soil fertilisation.
Effect of using green beans processing by-products with and without enzyme supplementation on broilers performance and blood parameters
Authors: Abbel-Monein Mamdouh Abbas 
Published: July 2014

Abstract The present study was performed to evaluate the possible inclusion of the by-products of green beans (GB) into the diet of broiler chickens. A total number of 288 one day old male Ross broiler chicks were randomly distributed into eight experimental groups. The chicks in the first group were fed a basal diet only and this was the negative control group. The second group served as positive control and the chicks were fed on a basal diet supplemented with a commercial enzyme (Benzyme-A). The six remaining groups were fed diets containing GB at three inclusion levels 8%, 16% and 24% in partial replacement of yellow corn. For each inclusion level one group was fed a diet free of enzyme and the other was fed a diet supplemented with enzyme. The results showed that including GB in broilers diet up to 16% did not significantly affect the chickens’ performance. The recorded blood parameters of the chickens were found to be in normal ranges. The results also revealed that enzyme supplementation enhanced the performance of the chickens. The use of GB in the broilers diet was found to be beneficial from the economic point of view by reducing the total cost of the diet and thus increasing the profit.
Chemical Studies on Tobacco Smoke. III. Primary and Secondary Nitroalkanes in Cigarette Smoke
Authors: Hoffmann D , Rathkamp G 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
An analytical method for the isolation and identification of nitroalkanes in cigarette smoke was developed. The analytical procedure includes water steam-distillation of cigarette smoke condensate and several extraction steps. The final concentrate of the nitroparaffins is separated into individual components by gas chromatography on 5 % Apiezon N and 5 % Armeen SD on fire brick. Utilizing a flame ionization detector system for the final analysis, 200 cigarettes had to be smoked. When an electron detector system was utilized the smoking of 20 cigarettes sufficed for the analysis of six nitroalkanes. These were identified by relative retention times and volumes, and the fragmentation patterns of the individual nitroalkanes. The presence of a seventh nitroalkane was ascertained and it was tentatively identified as a nitropentane. The smoke of one 85 mm blended United States cigarette without filter tip contained 0.53 µg nitromethane, 1.1 µg nitroethane, 1.1 µg 2-nitropropane, 0.73 µg 1-nitropropane, 0.71 µg 1-nitro-n-butane and 0.22 µg 1-nitro-n-pentane. The analysis of the smoke of 10 different cigarettes demonstrated a correlated increased yield of six nitroparaffins with increased nitrate content of the cigarette tobacco. This result supports our working hypothesis that nitrogen oxides formed during the pyrolysis of alkali nitrate in tobaccos react as scavengers with organic radicals in the hot zones of burning cigarettes and tend to inhibit the synthesis of aromatic hydrocarbons, including those with known carcinogenic effects to experimental animals.
The Evaluation of Total Nitrogen in Cigarette Smoke - Über die Bilanz des Stickstoffes im Cigarettenrauch
Authors: Elmenhorst H. , Harke H.-P. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Total nitrogen and nicotine contained in cigarette smoke condensate and condensate fractions have quantitatively been estimated. The results show that only 5 to 36 % of total nitrogen can be related to nicotine. It is tried to determine the balance of nitrogen in smoke condensate. The calculations made suggest that, for example within the group of nitrogenous compounds, there might be smoke constituents which are still unknown and which occur at relatively high concentrations.
Inflammasome: a new villain in heart disease
Authors: Sonnino Chiara , Toldo Stefano , Mezzaroma Eleonora , Abbate Antonio 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMany cardiac diseases have an inflammatory component by which the initial injury is amplified by an overzealous inflammatory response leading to further tissue injury, and impairing the recovery of cardiac function. The formation of the inflammasome in the heart represents a newly identified amplifying step in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of different cardiovascular conditions. Initial experimental animal studies and small pilot clinical studies suggest that targeting the inflammasome in its different components interrupts this amplification process and promotes more favorable healing. The inflammasome represents therefore a new villain in the fight against heart disease.
Epilepsy and the inflammasome: Targeting inflammation as a novel therapeutic strategy for seizure disorders
Authors: Edye Michelle E. , Walker Lauren E. , Sills Graeme J. , Allan Stuart M. , Brough David 
Published: July 2014

AbstractEpilepsy is the most common serious brain disorder worldwide. Recent evidence from experimental models of epilepsy and clinical brain tissue from epilepsy surgery suggests inflammation may play a pathological role in this disorder. Activation of a multimolecular protein complex termed the ‘inflammasome’ occurs during inflammation to drive the innate immune response. Inflammasome activation, with release of inflammatory mediators including interleukin-1β and high-mobility group box-1, may play a crucial role in the development of epilepsy (epileptogenesis) after brain insult. Immunomodulatory drugs targeting the inflammasome pathway may represent a novel antiepileptogenic treatment strategy for epilepsy. This review summarises the current literature surrounding inflammasome activation and epilepsy.
The concentration quenching of photoluminescence in Eu3+-doped La2O3
Authors: Đorđević V. , Antić Ž. , Nikolić M. G. , Dramićanin M. D. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This work explores the influence of dopant concentration on photoluminescent emission and kinetics of Eu3+-doped (0.2−10 at.%) nanocrystalline lanthanumoxide powders. The X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that all samples crystallize in La2O3 hexagonal phase with space group P3¯ m1. Transmission electron microscopy showed particles with non-uniform shape and diverse size distribution with an average particle size of (95 ± 5) nm. The room temperature photoluminescence spectra of all samples contain characteristic Eu3+ luminescence lines with the most pronounced red 5D0 →7F2 emission at about 626 nm. The maximum intensity of red emission is observed for the sample containing 5at.% of Eu3+ ions. The emission kinetics was recorded in the temperature range from 10K to 300 K. The maximum lifetime value of 0.98 ms obtained for the sample with 0.5at.% Eu3+ at room temperature increases up to 1.3ms at 10 K.
“Slow” wave of zero-sound in degenerate Fermi gas
Authors: Poluektov Yuri , Savchenko Volodymyr 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The dynamic Hartree-Fock theory with point-like interaction is used to calculate the speed of sound and damping factor of a zero-sound wave propagating in a degenerate Fermi gas. This wave propagates slower than Fermi velocity. It is shown, that if the interaction is weak and density is small, then the damping of such a wave can be small. A possibility of discovering such waves in ultracold Fermi gases is discussed.
Calibration of the RSS-131 high efficiency ionization chamber for radiation dose monitoring during plasma experiments conducted on plasma focus device
Authors: Szewczak Kamil , Jednoróg Sławomir 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPlasma research poses a radiation hazard. Due to the program of deuterium plasma research using the PF-1000 device, it is an intensive source of neutrons (up to 1011 n · pulse −1) with energy of 2,45 MeV and ionizing electromagnetic radiation with a broad energy spectrum. Both types of radiation are mostly emitted in ultra-short pulses (∼100 ns). The aim of this work was to test and calibrate the RSS-131 radiometer for its application in measurements of ultra-short electromagnetic radiation pulses with broad energy spectrum emitted during PF-1000 discharge. In addition, the results of raw measurements performed in the control room are presented.
Multiple ring enhancing lesions in a patient with unilateral limb jerking
Authors: Chakraborty Subhankar 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Multiple ring enhancing lesions (MREL) in the brain can be caused by a variety of diseases including infections, inflammatory and neoplastic conditions. We present the case of a patient with new onset unilateral jerking movement of the arm who was found to have sixteen ring enhancing lesions (RELs) in the brain on MRI. Further workup revealed a primary small cell lung cancer. The differential diagnosis of multiple ring enhancing lesions is discussed. The astute clinician should be aware of this rare but important radiological finding.
The role of genetic and other biomarkers in NSCLC prognosis
Authors: Schveigert Diana , Cicenas Saulius , Bublevic Jaroslav , Askinis Renatas , Sapoka Virginijus , Didziapetriene Janina 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The development of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a multistep process, which is triggered and maintained by various factors. Many steps of non-small-cell lung carcinogenesis, risk factors and biomarkers have been identified; however no consistent model has been established of personalized medicine for these patients. Distinct various gene expression, products of mutated genes and other markers such as circulating nucleic acids or tumor cells has been proven to be potential biomarkers of non-small cell lung cancer as well as potential targets for new treatment strategies. This article will highlight promising biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer prognosis.
Leiomyosarcoma of inferior vena cava complicated by Budd-Chiari syndrome and disseminated intravascular coagulation — case report
Authors: Krakowska-Stasiak Małgorzata , Kosałka Joanna , Wójcik Krzysztof , Sokołowska Barbara , Szpor Joanna , Grys Iwon , Musiał Jacek 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Leiomyosarcoma of inferior vena cava is a rare malignant mesenchymal tumor of the venous system that typically occurs in adulthood. Correct and early recognition of leiomyosarcoma is very important, because a complete resection of the tumor (with occasionally chemio-or radiotherapy) can lead to prolonged survival. We report a case of a 54-year-old man suffering from the leiomyosarcoma of inferior vena cava with infiltration of retroperitoneum and right adrenal gland.