bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Updated Guidance for Palivizumab Prophylaxis Among Infants and Young Children at Increased Risk of Hospitalization for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
Authors:   COMMITTEE ON INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND BRONCHIOLITIS GUIDELINES COMMITTEE, Brady Michael T. , Byington Carrie L. , Davies H. Dele , Edwards Kathryn M. , Jackson Mary Anne , Maldonado Yvonne A. , Murray Dennis L. , Orenstein Walter A. , Rathore Mobeen H. , Sawyer Mark H. , Schutze Gordon E. , Willoughby Rodney E. , Zaoutis Theoklis E. , Ralston Shawn L. , Lieberthal Allan S. , Meissner H. Cody , Alverson Brian K. , Baley Jill E. , Gadomski Anne M. , Johnson David W. , Light Michael J. , Maraqa Nizar F. , Mendonca Eneida A. , Phelan Kieran J. , Zorc Joseph J. , Stanko-Lopp Danette , Hernández-Cancio Sinsi 
Published: July 2014

This Policy Statement was reaffirmed February 2019.
Palivizumab was licensed in June 1998 by the Food and Drug Administration for the reduction of serious lower respiratory tract infection caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in children at increased risk of severe disease. Since that time, the American Academy of Pediatrics has updated its guidance for the use of palivizumab 4 times as additional data became available to provide a better understanding of infants and young children at greatest risk of hospitalization attributable to RSV infection. The updated recommendations in this policy statement reflect new information regarding the seasonality of RSV circulation, palivizumab pharmacokinetics, the changing incidence of bronchiolitis hospitalizations, the effect of gestational age and other risk factors on RSV hospitalization rates, the mortality of children hospitalized with RSV infection, the effect of prophylaxis on wheezing, and palivizumab-resistant RSV isolates. This policy statement updates and replaces the recommendations found in the 2012 Red Book.
Вплив іонів Ni на активність аспартатамінотрансферази в листках Glechoma hederacea в умовах рийної діяльності ссавців
Authors: Pakhomov O. Y. , Vasilyuk O. M. , Zamesova T. A. 
Published: July 2014

Визначено загальну активність ферментів класу трансфераз і вміст білків водорозчинної фракції в листках Glechoma hederacea L. Оцінено середовищетвірну роль рийної активності крота (Talpa europaea L.) в умовах екзогенного забруднення Ni у спектрі концентрацій 0,2, 1,0 та 2,0 г/м2, що відповідає 1, 5 та 10 гранично допустимим концентраціям (ГДК). Виявлено зниження активності аспартатамінотрансферази в листках G. hederacea на 12–65% і концентрації водорозчинної фракції білка на 30–60% відносно контролю (ділянка без забруднення на Ni та рийної активності крота). Комбінований ефект рийної активності T. europaea та дії Ni у дозах 5 та 10 ГДК сприяв збільшенню активності ферменту удвічі – утричі (порівняно з контролем у відповідній концентрації Ni). Концентрація водорозчинної фракції білка в листках G. hederacea L. в умовах рийної активності крота та за внесення Ni у максимальній концентрації знижена удвічі (порівняно з контролем у відповідній концентрації Ni), оскільки системі за даних умов навантаження важко відновити та нормалізувати функції, у той час як за низьких і середніх концентрацій Ni білковий обмін інтенсифікувався на 11–150%. Вивчено вплив рийної активності мишоподібних гризунів Apodemus sylvaticus L., A. flavicollis Melchior, Clethrionomys glareoles Schreber на формування біологічної активності ґрунтів заплав­ної діброви за умов їх забруднення Ni. Важкі метали значною мірою інгібують протеолітичну активність ґрунту, яка визначається активністю мікроорганізмів. Рийна діяльність гризунів сприяє відновленню біологічної активності та відіграє важливу роль у формуванні механізму гомеостазу в едафотопі. У місцях пориїв тварин при концентрації Ni 1 ГДКна глибині 0–30 см протеолітична активність вища в 1,99 раза порівняно з відповідними ділянками без пориїв, при 5 ГДК – у 1,92 раза, при 10 ГДК – в 1,90 раза вища.
Falling Insulin Requirements Are Associated With Adverse Obstetric Outcomes in Women With Preexisting Diabetes
Authors: Padmanabhan Suja , McLean Mark , Cheung N. Wah 
Published: July 2014

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the clinical significance of falling insulin requirements in women with preexisting or overt diabetes in pregnancy.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A retrospective review of 139 pregnancies was conducted in women, with preexisting diabetes, delivering between January 2010 and January 2013. Women with falling insulin requirements of 15% or more from the peak total daily dose in late pregnancy were considered case subjects (n = 35). The primary outcome consisted of a composite of clinical markers of placental dysfunction, including preeclampsia, small for gestational age (SGA, ≤5th percentile for gestational age), stillbirth (&gt;20 weeks), and premature delivery (≤30 weeks).

RESULTS
A total of 25.2% of women had &gt;15% fall in insulin requirements with nulliparity as the only predictor at baseline (odds ratio [OR] 2.5 [95% CI 1.1–5.7], P = 0.03). Falling insulin requirements were associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia (OR 3.5 [1.1–10.7], P &lt; 0.05) and the composite of clinical markers of placental dysfunction (4.4 [1.73–11.26], P = 0.002). Although falling insulin requirements were associated with higher rates of SGA (3.4 [1.0–11.3], P = 0.048), they were not associated with other adverse neonatal outcomes. However, there was a higher incidence of neonatal intensive care unit admission (15.5 [3.1–77.6], P = 0.001) and earlier delivery in this group (median 37.7 weeks [IQR 34.3–38.4] vs. 38.3 weeks [37.4–38.9], P = 0.014).

CONCLUSIONS
Falling insulin requirements, in women with preexisting diabetes, are associated with an increased risk of complications related to placental dysfunction. Further prospective studies are needed to guide clinical management.
An application of multiscale early arrival waveform inversion to shallow seismic data
Authors: Yu Han , Hanafy Sherif M. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTWe estimate the near surface velocity distribution by applying multiscale early arrival waveform inversion (MEWI) to shallow seismic land data. This data set is collected at Wadi Qudaid in western Saudi Arabia with the purpose of characterizing the shallow subsurface for its water storage and reuse potential. To enhance the accuracy of MEWI, we correct for the attenuation effects with an estimated factor Q, and also extract a natural source wavelet from the data. We then applied MEWI to invert the processed data for tomograms on different scales starting from a traveltime tomogram as our initial velocity model. Results suggest that, compared to traveltime tomography, MEWI can generate a more highly resolved velocity tomogram from shallow seismic data by inverting its low‐frequency components on coarse grids and its high‐frequency components on fine grids. The estimated water table in the MEWI tomogram is generally consistent with, but 9% deeper than, the traveltime tomo gram, showing that the water storage in this wadi might be less than expected from the traveltime tomogram. We believe that the more accurate MEWI tomogram will make an economically important difference in assessing the storage potential of this wadi and wadis throughout the world.
Treatment of lateral periodontal cyst with guided tissue regeneration
Authors: Meseli Suleyman Emre , Agrali Omer Birkan , Peker Onder , Kuru Leyla 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTLateral periodontal cyst (LPC), originated from epithelial rests in the periodontal ligament, is a noninflammatory cyst on the lateral surface of the root of a vital tooth. LPC is generally asymptomatic and presents a round or oval uniform lucency with well-defined borders radiographically. In this case report, clinical, histological and radiographical findings and periodontal treatment of 32-year-old female patient, who was referred to Department of Periodontology Clinic of Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University with a painless hyperplastic lesion on the distobuccal site of the tooth number 12, were presented. The tooth number 12 was vital and a well-defined round radiolucent area with corticated borders was determined radiographically. Preliminary diagnosis was LPC based on clinical and radiographical findings. Mechanical periodontal treatment consisted of oral hygiene instructions, scaling and root planing was applied and flap operation was performed to gain access to the lesion. Following enucleation of the lesion, alveolar bone destruction shaped as a tunnel from labial to palatinal site was observed. The bone cavity was grafted with bovine-derived xenograft, followed by placement of a resorbable collagen membrane. Tissues removed from of the lesion were examined histologically. Hematoxylen-eosin stained sections showed vasculature granulomatous structure underlying squamous epithelium, and destructed bone spaces, all of which were consisted with LPC. Acceptable clinical healing was achieved at 6 months follow-up period. Satisfactory clinical and radiographical outcome can be achieved in the treatment of LPC using regenerative periodontal approach.
Rafał Malczewski and Wiadomości
Authors: Wróbel Elżbieta 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The main and most important subject of the article is Rafał Malczewski, who in the interwar period belonged to the elite of the Warsaw intelligentsia. He was successful as a painter, writer, and journalist, collaborating with the most prestigious magazines of the time. The article focuses on Malczewski’s literary output in exile following World War II, after he had settled in Montreal in 1942. Relying primarily on Rafał Malczewski’s correspondence with the poet Jan Lechoń and with the editor in chief of the London publication Wiadomości, the article shows the important role in Malczewski’s life of literary work, which saved him from existential apathy and depression. He collaborated with Wiadomości, one of the most important Polish literary magazines published in exile after World War II. The correspondence between Malczewski’s partner of many years, Zofia Mikucka-Malczewska, and Mieczysław Grydzewski, describes the events surrounding the creation of the special issue of Wiadomości devoted to the writer.
Classification of Eucalyptus urograndis hybrids under different water availability based on biometric traits
Authors: Silva Claudia D. , Nascimento Janiele S. , Scarpinati Edimar A. , Paula Rinaldo C. 
Published: July 2014

Aim of study: The eucalyptus grows rapidly and is well suitable to edaphic and bioclimatic conditions in several regions of of the world. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of Eucalyptus urograndis hybrids grown under different water availability conditions.Area of study: The study was performed in south-eastern of BrazilMaterial and Methods: We evaluated five commercial hybrids cultivated in pots with the substrate maintained at 65, 50, 35 and 20% maximum water retention capacity. The evaluation was based on the following characteristics: total height (cm), diameter (mm), number of leaves, leaf area (dm2), and dry weight (g plant-1) of leaf, stem + branches, root, shoot and total and root/shoot ratio.Main results: All the characteristics evaluated were adversely affected by reduced availability of water in the substrate. The hybrids assessed performed differently in terms of biometric characteristics, irrespective of water availability. Water deficit resulted in a greater reduction in the dry weight production compared to number of leaves, diameter and height. Hybrids H2 and H5 have favorable traits for tolerating drought. The hybrid H2 shows a stronger slowdown in growth as soil moisture levels drop, although its growth rate is low, and H5 increases the root/shoot ratio but maintains growth in terms of height, even under drought conditions.Research highlights: The results obtained in our experiment show that productive hybrids sensitive to drought could also perform better under water deficit conditions, maintaining satisfactory growth despite significant drops in these characteristics.Keywords: Eucalyptus urograndis; water deficit; drought tolerance.
On the nonequivalent barotropic structure of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current: An observational perspective
Authors: Phillips H. E. , Bindoff N. L. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe examine the vertical structure of the horizontal flow and diagnose vertical velocities in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) near the Kerguelen Plateau using EM‐APEX profiling floats. Eight floats measured horizontal velocity, temperature, and salinity profiles to 1600 dbar, with a vertical spacing of 3–5 dbar four times per day over a period of approximately 3 months. Horizontal velocity profiles show a complex vertical structure with strong rotation of the velocity vector through the water column. The distribution of rotation angles from 1247 profiles is approximately Gaussian and rotations of either sign are equally likely. Forty percent of profiles with speed greater than 5 cm s−1 have a depth‐integrated rotation of less than 15 degrees over 1300 dbar, while the other 60% demonstrate significantly stronger rotation. Consequently, most profiles do not conform to the equivalent barotropic model (deep flow parallel and proportional to the surface flow) used in simplified dynamical models and in Gravest Empirical Mode climatologies of the ACC. Nevertheless, since we find the mean rotation to be zero, an equivalent barotropic assumption is valid to first order. Vertical velocities inferred using conservation of mass and a gradient wind balance in natural coordinates have magnitudes on the order of 100 m/day. We find robust patterns of upwelling and downwelling phase‐locked to meanders in the flow, as found in earlier studies. With the advent of high‐resolution observations such as those presented here, and high‐resolution models, we can advance to a more complete understanding of the rich variability in ACC structure that is neglected in the equivalent barotropic model.
Importance of initial conditions in seasonal predictions of Arctic sea ice extent
Authors: Msadek R. , Vecchi G. A. , Winton M. , Gudgel R. G. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe present seasonal predictions of Arctic sea ice extent (SIE) over the 1982–2013 period using two suites of retrospective forecasts initialized from a fully coupled ocean‐atmosphere‐sea ice assimilation system. High skill scores are found in predicting year‐to‐year fluctuations of Arctic SIE, with significant correlations up to 7 month ahead for September detrended anomalies. Predictions over the recent era, which coincides with an improved observational coverage, outperform the earlier period for most target months. We find, however, a degradation of skill in September during the last decade, a period of sea ice thinning in observations. The two prediction models, Climate Model version 2.1 (CM2.1) and Forecast‐oriented Low Ocean Resolution (FLOR), share very similar ocean and ice component and initialization but differ by their atmospheric component. FLOR has improved climatological atmospheric circulation and sea ice mean state, but its skill is overall similar to CM2.1 for most seasons, which suggests a key role for initial conditions in predicting seasonal SIE fluctuations.
Hydroacoustic investigation of submarine landslides at West Mata volcano, Lau Basin
Authors: Caplan‐Auerbach J. , Dziak R. P. , Bohnenstiehl D. R. , Chadwick W. W. , Lau T.‐K. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSubmarine landslides are an important process in volcano growth yet are rarely observed and poorly understood. We show that landslides occur frequently in association with the eruption of West Mata volcano in the NE Lau Basin. These events are identifiable in hydroacoustic data recorded between ~5 and 20 km from the volcano and may be recognized in spectrograms by the weak and strong powers at specific frequencies generated by multipathing of sound waves. The summation of direct and surface‐reflected arrivals causes interference patterns in the spectrum that change with time as the landslide propagates. Observed frequencies are consistent with propagation down the volcano's north flank in an area known to have experienced mass wasting in the past. These data allow us to estimate the distance traveled by West Mata landslides and show that they travel at average speeds of ~10–25 m/s.
On the fine structure of dipolarization fronts
Authors: Balikhin M. A. , Runov A. , Walker S. N. , Gedalin M. , Dandouras I. , Hobara Y. , Fazakerley A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMeasurements from the closely spaced Cluster spacecraft are used to study the structure of the magnetic and electric fields within the magnetic ramp of dipolarization fronts (DF) observed close to the neutral sheet and the midnight meridian (YGSM<3RE). The spacecraft separation was small enough (<300 km) to treat the magnetic ramp of the DF front as a planar structure as indicated from variance analysis. The finite value of the magnetic field along the minimum variance direction for the events studied indicates that the dipolarization front structure was distinct from a tangential discontinuity. In addition to the main increase of the magnetic field in the maximum variance component, strong oscillations were observed in the intermediate component. The presence of this oscillatory structure results in an expansion of the region in which a change of magnetic pressure occurs, the size of which is typically an ion Larmor radius or greater. This widening is important in maintaining the pressure balance at the edge of the DF. This phenomenon resembles observations of intense current sheets in the magnetotail and also laboratory experiments of current sheet formation, in which a similar widening of the ramp region has been observed. In this paper we argue against the idea that an electron temperature anisotropy, resulting in electron curvature currents, can explain the formation of the oscillatory structures observed at DFs. These oscillations can be explained as eigenmode waves of the plasma that propagate away from the disturbance (DF) that is moving at subsonic speeds. Oscillations observed within the magnetic ramp indicate field‐aligned currents that are expected to be associated with DF.
Fine‐scale transient arcs seen in a shock aurora
Authors: Motoba T. , Ebihara Y. , Kadokura A. , Weatherwax A. T. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe report, for the first time, fine‐scale transient arcs that emerged successively within the initial 1–2 min evolutionary interval of a postnoon shock aurora on 14 July 2012. Data were acquired from ~2 Hz temporal resolution imaging of dayside aurora with a white light all‐sky camera (ASC) at South Pole Station (magnetic latitude = −74.3°, magnetic local time = UT −3.5 h). Just after 1809:50 UT at which the initial response to an interplanetary (IP) shock was detected in the postnoon geosynchronous magnetic field, the ASC observed three successive transient arcs of which the locations shifted equatorward with an abrupt jump by ~0.2° in latitude. All of the transient arcs occurred in a closed field line region, ~1.0°–1.5° equatorward of the polar cap or open/closed field line boundary inferred from the intensity ratio of I630.0/I557.7 but just poleward of the shock‐induced proton and diffuse‐type electron aurorae. Each of the transient arcs had a latitudinal width of ~0.1° and a short lifetime of ~20–30 s. Although the obvious mechanism has still remained unclear, possible interpretations of the fine‐scale transient arc features are discussed in terms of a local process of each of the magnetospheric origin (mode conversion) and ionospheric origin (feedback interaction) that may be induced by IP shock.
Analytical strategies in human growth research
Authors: Johnson William 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTHuman growth research requires knowledge of longitudinal statistical methods that can be analytically challenging. Even the assessment of growth between two ages is not as simple as subtracting the first measurement from the second, for example. This article provides an overview of the key analytical strategies available to human biologists in increasing order of complexity, starting with a review on how to express cross‐sectional measurements of size, before covering growth (conditional regression models, regression with conditional growth measures), growth curves (individual growth curves, mixed effects growth curves, latent growth curves), and patterns of growth (growth mixture modeling). The article is not a statistical treatise and has been written by a human biologist for human biologists; as such, it should be accessible to anyone with training in at least basic statistics. A summary table linking each analytical strategy to its applications is provided to help investigators match their hypotheses and measurement schedules to an analysis plan. In addition, worked examples using data on non‐Hispanic white participants in the Fels Longitudinal Study are used to illustrate how the analytical strategies might be applied to gain novel insight into human growth and its determinants and consequences. All too often, serial measurements are treated as cross‐sectional in analyses that do not harness the power of longitudinal data. The broad goal of this article is to encourage the rigorous application of longitudinal statistical methods to human growth research. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 27:69–83, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intrazelluläre NMR‐ und EPR‐Spektroskopie von biologischen Makromolekülen
Authors: Hänsel Robert , Luh Laura M. , Corbeski Ivan , Trantirek Lukáš , Dötsch Volker 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDer Traum eines Zellbiologen ist es, biologischen Makromolekülen bei ihrer Arbeit im Inneren von lebenden Zellen zusehen zu können. Dies würde bedeuten, sowohl den Ort als auch die Konformation dieser Makromoleküle mit biophysikalischen Methoden zu beobachten. Die Entwicklung von Fluoreszenztechniken, vor allem von Hochauflösungsfluoreszenzmikroskopiemethoden, hat unsere Möglichkeiten zur Lokalisierung von Proteinen und anderen Molekülen im Inneren von Zellen erheblich erweitert. Die Struktur von Makromolekülen und ihre Konformationsänderungen in lebenden Zellen zu bestimmen, ist hingegen noch immer eine große Herausforderung. Im Prinzip können NMR‐ und EPR‐Spektroskopie diese Informationen liefern. Die Entwicklung von intrazellulären Magnetresonanzmethoden hat die Anwendbarkeit dieser Methoden demonstriert. In diesem Aufsatz geben wir einen Überblick über die relevanten Techniken mit einem Fokus auf die intrazelluläre Flüssig‐NMR‐Spektroskopie, beschreiben ihre Anwendungen und diskutieren die Herausforderungen für die Zukunft.
Eine chemoenzymatische Kupplungsstrategie zur Immobilisierung von Proteinen auf kristalliner Nanocellulose
Authors: Uth Christina , Zielonka Stefan , Hörner Sebastian , Rasche Nicolas , Plog Andreas , Orelma Hannes , Avrutina Olga , Zhang Kai , Kolmar Harald 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDie Immobilisierung von bioaktiven Molekülen auf Nanocellulose liefert Konjugate, die die biologischen Eigenschaften der gekuppelten Verbindungen mit Vorteilen der Cellulose wie Biokompatibilität, geringe Zytotoxizität und Nanodimension vereinen. Nachteile der klassischen Methoden zur Proteinkonjugation sind häufig ein Mangel an Selektivität, lange Reaktionszeiten, nichtphysiologische pH‐Bereiche oder der Einsatz organischer Lösungsmittel sowie die Notwendigkeit, eine maßgeschneiderte Synthesestrategie für jeden Einzelfall zu entwickeln. Diese Einschränkungen umgeht das hier vorgestellte generische Zweistufenverfahren, das die Vorteile einer hoch effizienten Oximligation mit enzymatischer Proteinkonjugation auf der Oberfläche peptidmodifizierter kristalliner Nanocellulose kombiniert. Es basiert auf effizienten und orthogonalen Transformationen, erfordert keine organischen Lösungsmittel und akzeptiert physiologische Bedingungen. Durch die Orts‐ und Regiospezifität könnte es für die Immobilisierung einer Vielzahl funktioneller Proteine eingesetzt werden.