bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Appraising the quality of sub-Saharan African cancer registration systems that contributed to GLOBOCAN 2008: a review of the literature and critical appraisal
Authors: Crocker-Buque Tim , Pollock Allyson M 
Published: February 2015

Objective To critically appraise the quality of sub-Saharan African cancer registration systems that submitted data to GLOBOCAN 2008 with respect to population coverage using publicly available information and to show the use of GLOBOCAN statistics in determining global health priorities. Design Sources of cancer registration data for twenty-six sub-Saharan African cancer registries were identified from GLOBOCAN 2008 factsheets. Additional information was extracted from International Agency for Research on Cancer publications. A literature search was conducted to identify studies that reported additional information on data collection methods and provided 27 studies. The websites of the 10 largest funders of development assistance for health were searched for GLOBOCAN citations. Setting and participants Twenty-six sub-Saharan African cancer registration systems submitting data to GLOBOCAN 2008 in relation to 21 countries. Main outcome measures Information on 15 quality variables were extracted and compared with the international gold standard for cancer registration systems. Results Population coverage of the cancer registries ranged from from 2.3% of the population in Kenya to 100% in The Gambia, with a heavy urban bias in all countries. However, 20 countries (300 million people) had no cancer registration systems. Nineteen of the 26 registries failed to meet more than five of the 15 quality criteria and only one country met more than 10. Seven of the 10 largest funders of development assistance for health cite GLOBOCAN statistics in support of policy priorities. Conclusions GLOBOCAN 2008 estimates are based on data drawn from poor quality cancer registration systems, with limited or no population registry coverage. It is essential the GLOBOCAN 2012 estimates should provide information on the quality of the data collection and explain the limitations of the estimates. Development organisations and the World Health Organization need to take a more cautious approach when using these data to determine priorities and allocating resources.
Peripheral circulation evaluation with near-infrared spectroscopy in skeletal muscle during cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Mukaida H , Matsushita S , Inotani T , Futaki S , Takano A , Watanabe M , Morita T , Miida T , Amano A 
Published: February 2015

Background: We designed a non-invasive, observational, real-time study, using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to assess the in vivo effects of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on patients’ skeletal muscle as well as the effects of hemodilution and hypothermia on tissue oxygen delivery during CPB. Methods: The study included 20 consecutive adult patients undergoing open-heart surgery with CPB. Evaluation parameters for peripheral circulation were measured using the NIRO-200NX and recorded every 30 seconds. To assess how hemodilution influences peripheral circulation parameters, we compared data between a group of patients with hematocrit (Hct) values >22% (high Hct group) and those with Hct values ⩽22% (low Hct group). Results: Changes in the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin (ΔO2Hb, μmol/L), which flows into the skeletal muscle, was an important factor for deciding the tissue oxygenation index (TOI%), showing the tissue oxygen saturation. The low Hct group showed a significant increase in the normalized tissue hemoglobin index (nTHI), showing the percentage change in the amount of initial hemoglobin and TOI compared to the high Hct group. Changes in the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin (ΔO2Hb, μmol/L) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (ΔHHb, μmol/L) were significantly less in the low Hct group than in the high Hct group, thus, showing good peripheral circulation despite the low hematocrit levels. Conclusion: Our study indicated the presence of a compensatory mechanism in which increased blood flow of the microcirculation is in compensation for the lack of oxyhemoglobin delivery caused by hemodilution.
Survey of Italian Human Milk Banks
Authors: De Nisi Giuseppe , Moro Guido E. , Arslanoglu Sertac , Ambruzzi Amalia M. , Biasini Augusto , Profeti Claudio , Tonetto Paola , Bertino Enrico ,   the members of the Italian Association of Donor Human Milk Banks (Associazione Italiana Banche del Latte Umano Donato), Sgattoni Claudia , Magi Letizia , Tarantino Marzia , Bruseghin Maria , Buda Antonella , Conte Mariangela , Galasso Maria Pia , Bisceglia Massimo , Belli Fina , Minell Giovanna , Novelli Sandra , Merusi Ilaria , Tognetti Simona , Mordini Bruno , Soriani Patrizia , Kazmierska Iwona , Poletti G. , Rota Claudio , Cappelli Anna Maria , Gatta Alberto , Gasparre Olinda , Tonetto Paola , Zancanella Mariangela , Visentin Stefano , Gregorutti Viviana 
Published: February 2015

Background: At present, the Italian Association of Donor Human Milk Banks (Associazione Italiana Banche del Latte Umano Donato, AIBLUD) consists of 31 milk banks, whose management is based on Italian Guidelines. In 2013, AIBLUD performed a systematic survey to collect data on the activities of banks operating in Italy in the years previous to this date. Objective: The purpose of this survey was to evaluate the operational procedures of Italian Human Milk Banks in order to identify both areas of strength and room for improvement. Methods: A questionnaire was utilized to obtain national data from the 28 banks active in the year 2012 in order to evaluate the number of donors, volume of human milk collected, and other information relating to the period 2007 to 2012. Results: In all, 89% of the banks (25/28) responded to the survey. Data received primarily concerned the number of donors, volume of milk collected, and average amount of milk from each donor in the period 2007 to 2012. It was evident that in 2012 human milk banks collected a higher volume of milk than in 2007. Further, the average amount of milk from each donor was higher. Most of the milk banks were following the Italian Guidelines for traceability, control of donors, bacteriological checks, method of pasteurization, storage, thawing, type of containers, and utilization of the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points system. Conclusion: This survey identified both areas of strength and room for improvement in the Italian human milk banks.
Can clinical signs, clinicopathological findings and abdominal ultrasonography predict the site of histopathological abnormalities of the alimentary tract in cats?
Authors: Freiche Valerie , Faucher Mathieu R , German Alexander J 
Published: February 2015

Objectives Many cats with gastrointestinal signs have coexisting abnormalities in the intestine, liver and pancreas. Investigations typically involve clinicopathological tests, diagnostic imaging and biopsy, either at coeliotomy or by non-invasive means. While exploratory coeliotomy enables all organs to be sampled simultaneously, it is invasive and might not be necessary. The aim of the current study was to assess the performance of preliminary clinical information in predicting the histopathological presence of abnormalities in alimentary tract organs in cats. Methods The records of 38 cats with alimentary tract signs, which had ultimately undergone exploratory coeliotomy and surgical biopsy, were reviewed. The clinical signs, clinicopathological findings, diagnostic imaging findings and histopathology results were reviewed. Results On histopathological analysis, lesions were detected in 29/37 (78%) liver biopsies, in 29/35 (83%) gastrointestinal biopsies and in 17/37 (46%) pancreatic samples, the majority of which were inflammatory in nature. Clinical signs were generally poor markers of the presence of lesions in the alimentary tract. Further, while liver enzyme activity was relatively specific (88–100%) for detecting histopathological abnormalities in the liver, sensitivity was poor (11–50%). Pancreatic histopathological abnormalities were present in 1/3 of the cats with a positive pancreas-specific lipase result, and in 6/8 cats with a negative result. While relatively specific (57–100%) for both intestinal (57–100%) and hepatic (71–80%) histopathological abnormalities, abdominal ultrasonography lacked sensitivity for both organs (intestine 50–80%; liver 20–25%). In contrast, ultrasonography was relatively sensitive (50–80%), but not specific (17–22%) for detecting pancreatic lesions. Conclusions and relevance Clinical signs, and clinicopathological and ultrasonographic abnormalities lack precision for hepatic and pancreatic histopathological lesions in cats with alimentary tract signs, and cannot reliably predict from which organs biopsies should be collected. Arguably, therefore, exploratory coeliotomy is necessary to determine the site of histopathological abnormalities in feline alimentary tract disorders.
Graduate HRD Programs in South Korea
Authors: Lim Doo Hun , Cho Daeyeon 
Published: February 2015

The Problem To address national issues associated with societal development, many countries are recognizing the need to educate individuals who will lead developmental initiatives. While many previous studies have been conducted to examine how and what content of human resource development (HRD) has been taught in Western countries, similar research efforts have been rarely conducted in Asian countries such as South Korea. The lack of comparative study creates a research gap in understanding how HRD programs have been designed and implemented in different countries. The Solution In an effort to meet this research need, this study investigates the current status of graduate HRD programs and what constitutes the field of HRD in South Korea. The Stakeholders Stakeholders are faculty members who are teaching in HRD programs in South Korea, HRD practitioners in South Korean organizations, and cross-cultural researchers focusing on curriculum studies.
Derivation and implications of patient condition estimates
Authors: Wing Vern 
Published: February 2015

Computer-based medical materiel item estimation is accomplished by clinically coupling injuries and illnesses to the supplies necessary to treat these conditions. In a relatively straightforward way, the materiel necessary to treat a stream of patients can be calculated by summing across the supplies necessary for each malady in any given patient stream. This method was formalized by the Naval Health Research Center in the patented process embodied in the Estimating Supplies Program. The success of this method depends on an accurate probability estimate for the occurrence of each illness and trauma. There are several methods for estimating these discrete probabilities. This paper documents and defines the various types of estimates and explains the differences between them to reduce confusion and to standardize nomenclature.
A pilot, longitudinal, 24-week study to evaluate the effect of interferon beta-1a subcutaneous on changes in susceptibility-weighted imaging-filtered phase assessment of lesions and subcortical deep-gray matter in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors: Zivadinov Robert , Dwyer Michael , Markovic-Plese Silva , Hayward Brooke , Bergsland Niels , Heininen-Brown Mari , Carl Ellen , Kennedy Cheryl , Dangond Fernando , Weinstock-Guttman Bianca 
Published: February 2015

Background: Studies have shown a relationship between increased iron content and clinical progression, cognitive impairment, and brain atrophy in patients with multiple sclerosis. Altered phase, as determined by susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), can potentially capture iron content changes. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate phase changes in white matter (WM) lesions and subcortical deep-gray matter (SDGM) of patients with relapsing–remitting (RR) MS treated with interferon beta-1a administered subcutaneously versus untreated healthy controls (HCs). Methods: We conducted a 24-week, nonrandomized, open-label pilot study of 23 patients with RRMS receiving interferon beta-1a administered subcutaneously and 15 HCs. Patients were imaged on a 3T scanner at baseline, 12, and 24 weeks; changes in phase behavior in WM lesions and regional SDGM [mean phase of low-phase voxels (MP-LPV)], and in SDGM volumes, were measured. Between- and within-group changes were tested using nonparametric statistics adjusted for multiple comparisons. Results: The number ( p = 0.003) and volume ( p < 0.001) of phase WM lesions both significantly decreased among RRMS patients over 24 weeks. At baseline, MP-LPV was lower (suggestive of greater iron content) in total SDGM among RRMS patients versus HCs ( p = 0.002). Week 24 MP-LPV changes from baseline were not significantly different between groups in total SDGM or any region except the putamen (−0.0025 radians in RRMS patients versus 0.0035 radians in HCs; p = 0.041). Conclusions: Over 24 weeks, phase lesions were reduced significantly in the RRMS group. These preliminary results suggest that SWI-filtered phase may become a useful tool for monitoring RRMS disease activity.
Structure and photoluminescence of the TiO2 films grown by atomic layer deposition using tetrakis-dimethylamino titanium and ozone
Authors: Jin Chunyan , Liu Ben , Lei Zhongxiang , Sun Jiaming 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
TiO2 films were grown on silicon substrates by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using tetrakis-dimethylamino titanium and ozone. Amorphous TiO2 film was deposited at a low substrate temperature of 165°C, and anatase TiO2 film was grown at 250°C. The amorphous TiO2 film crystallizes to anatase TiO2 phase with annealing temperature ranged from 300°C to 1,100°C in N2 atmosphere, while the anatase TiO2 film transforms into rutile phase at a temperature of 1,000°C. Photoluminescence from anatase TiO2 films contains a red band at 600 nm and a green band at around 515 nm. The red band exhibits a strong correlation with defects of the under-coordinated Ti3+ ions, and the green band shows a close relationship with the oxygen vacancies on (101) oriented anatase crystal surface. A blue shift of the photoluminescence spectra reveals that the defects of under-coordinated Ti3+ ions transform to surface oxygen vacancies in the anatase TiO2 film annealing at temperature from 800°C to 900°C in N2 atmosphere.
Cost‐effectiveness of clostridial collagenase ointment on wound closure in patients with diabetic foot ulcers: economic analysis of results from a multicenter, randomized, open‐label trial
Authors: Motley Travis A , Gilligan Adrienne M , Lange Darrell L , Waycaster Curtis R , Dickerson Jaime E 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundApproximately 10%–15% of people with diabetes develop at least one foot ulcer during their lifetime. Treatment of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) represents a significant economic burden. Enzymatic debridement with clostridial collagenase ointment (CCO) can be used to remove necrotic tissue from wounds. This study examined the impact of CCO as an effective adjunct therapy to serial sharp debridement (SSD) and assessed the cost‐effectiveness of CCO compared with standard DFU treatments over 1 year.MethodsAdults 18 years or older with a diagnosis of type 1 or type 2 diabetes who had a neuropathic DFU were enrolled in a 12‐week, randomized, open‐label trial. Patients were randomly assigned to either treatment with CCO + SSD or to investigator‐selected supportive care + SSD (Control). A 3‐state Markov model with a 1‐week cycle length was developed using wound‐closure rates from the trial to estimate the number of healed‐wound weeks and the expected DFU cost per patient. The 3 states included unhealed, healed, and death. Results were extrapolated to 1 year to estimate the number of healed‐wound weeks per treatment and the average cost to achieve epithelialization. The perspective of the analysis was that of the payer, specifically, the third party payer.ResultsThe study sample included 55 patients (28 in CCO group; 27 Control). The majority were men (74.5%) with a mean age of 57.9 years. Projected healing rates were greater for the CCO + SSD group compared to Control (89% vs. 80%, respectively). The expected number of epithelialized weeks accumulated over 1 year was 25% greater in the CCO + SSD group than for Control (35 vs. 28 weeks, respectively). Over a 1‐year time horizon, the expected cost per DFU was greater in the Control group than the CCO group ($2,376 vs. $2,099, respectively). The estimated cost per ulcer‐free week was 40% higher for Control ($85/closed‐wound week) than for CCO + SSD ($61/closed‐wound week).ConclusionsCCO + SSD therapy is a cost‐effective method of debridement in the management of patients with DFUs, providing better outcomes at a lower cost. Further high quality trials are needed to confirm this finding.Trial registrationThis study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT01408277.
What factors contributed to changes in employment during and after the Great Recession?
Authors: Farooq Ammar , Kugler Adriana D 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Unemployment increased drastically over the course of the Great Recession from 4.5 percent prior to the recession to 10 percent at its peak in October 2009. Since then, the unemployment rate has come down steadily, and it stood at 5.8 percent in November 2014. Based on existing analyses and some new evidence, this paper establishes that much of the change in unemployment during the Great Recession and during the recovery can be attributed to cyclical factors rather than structural factors. The paper then presents new suggestive evidence to quantify the employment impacts of various counter-cyclical policies introduced during this time. We conduct a counter-factual and find that employment would have been between 4.2 percent and 4.5 percent lower had it not been because of the spending in Medicaid injected in local economies by the Recovery Act. In addition, we conduct a differences-in-differences and triple difference analysis, which suggests that the Work Opportunity Tax Credits increased the likelihood of employment by about 4.7 percent for disconnected youth but had no effect on disabled and unemployed veterans. Finally, we also find evidence that suggests that the Hiring Incentive to Restore Employment (HIRE) Act increased employment of the unemployed by 2.6 percent and that the reemployment reforms introduced in 2012 as part of the UI extensions increased employment by 6 percent for the long-term unemployed.

JEL codes: JE24, J23, J63, J64, J65, J68
High performance electrochemical and electrothermal artificial muscles from twist-spun carbon nanotube yarn
Authors: Lee Jae Ah , Baughman Ray H , Kim Seon Jeong 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
High performance torsional and tensile artificial muscles are described, which utilize thermally- or electrochemically-induced volume changes of twist-spun, guest-filled, carbon nanotube (CNT) yarns. These yarns were prepared by incorporating twist in carbon nanotube sheets drawn from spinnable CNT forests. Inserting high twist into the CNT yarn results in yarn coiling, which can dramatically amplify tensile stroke and work capabilities compared with that for the non-coiled twisted yarn. When electrochemically driven in a liquid electrolyte, these artificial muscles can generate a torsional rotation per muscle length that is over 1000 times higher than for previously reported torsional muscles. All-solid-state torsional electrochemical yarn muscles have provided a large torsional muscle stroke (53° per mm of yarn length) and a tensile stroke of up to 1.3% when lifting loads that are ~25 times heavier than can be lifted by the same diameter human skeletal muscle. Over a million torsional and tensile actuation cycles have been demonstrated for thermally powered CNT hybrid yarns muscles filled with paraffin wax, wherein a muscle spins a rotor at an average 11,500 revolutions/minute or delivers 3% tensile contraction at 1200 cycles/minute. At lower actuation rates, these thermally powered muscles provide tensile strokes of over 10%.
Management of Information (Soft) Impacts on Projects and Programs
Authors: �����  , Teslya Yuriy , �������  , Kubyavka Lyubov 
Published: February 2015

Modern concepts related to elimination of negative impacts consequences
on projects and programs have been considered. Approach of management
by the prime cause of emergence of risks, changes, conflicts, etc. � influence
management � has been offered. Classification of impacts on projects
and programs has been executed. It has been shown that for creation of
control systems for projects or programs it is necessary to deviate from the
traditional scheme of risks, problems and changes management as management
of such process, and to pass to management of these &#34;diseases&#34;
primary source � impacts on the project or the program.
It has been offered to use mathematical apparatus of soft interaction theory
as scientific and methodical basis for finding an optimum decision on minimization
of expenses for negative impacts consequences elimination.
Based on entered into soft interaction theory values of determination and
information awareness a mathematical model for calculation a measure of
impact on projects and programs has been offered. Strategies of management
by negative impacts on projects and programs have been presented.
Health Shaping Education in Abstracts and Definitions
Authors: ��������  , Naumenko Yuriy 
Published: February 2015

Author�s socio-cultural concept of health-forming education is revealed by the article through detailing major basic ideas (health, healthy lifestyle, formation
of healthy lifestyle) and their derivatives (health preserving activity of general education, health preserving technologies in education). Each basic
idea has both philosophic methodological and concrete pedagogic interpretations. Core contents and elementary structure of �health� and �healthy
lifestyle� phenomena are described. The author implements a completely new socio-cultural approach to �health� and �healthy lifestyle� description that
provides new perspectives to form youngsters� healthy lifestyle with emphasis on sensible part of personality. Ideas disclosed in the article correspond
modern concepts of �health� and �healthy lifestyle� socio-cultural phenomena that have been developed in Pedagogics, Philosophy, Psychology and
even Medicine. Moreover, the article proposes a comparative analysis of existing ways of health preserving activity of general education institution
(school as health and educational centre, school and educational centre that protects children�s health, adaptive school). Contents of the article may
serve as a foundation for creating the entirely new methodology for �Pedagogics of Physical Education� program according to FSES HPE for 49.03.01
�Physical Education� (higher education � Bachelor�s degree).
A survey on pain assessment in patients with disorders of consciousness in Dutch hospitals and nursing homes
Authors: Vink Peter , Verweij Lotte , van Erp Willemijn Sabien , Lucas Cees , Vermeulen Hester 
Published: February 2015

Background: The extent of variation in the use of behavioural pain observation tools, documentation and pain protocols in patients with acquired brain injury (ABI) and with disorders of consciousness (DOC) is unknown. Methods: A national survey was undertaken in Dutch hospitals with neurology and neurosurgery nursing wards and nursing homes. Results: From 43 facilities (35 hospital wards, 8 nursing homes), 106 surveys were analysed; completion/participation rate was 88% and 40% respectively. Some 16% of the facilities used a behavioural pain observation tool. This was more often in general hospitals (24%) than in university hospitals (10%) or nursing homes (0%). Variation in measuring/observing pain could be assumed in 72% of facilities and variation in documentation in 88%. A specific pain protocol was used in 14% of the facilities. Conclusion: This study shows an undesirable variation in pain management in ABI patients with DOC, which should be addressed in the future to enhance quality of care.