bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined Paclitaxel‐Eluting Balloon and Genous Cobalt–Chromium Alloy Stent Utilization in De Novo Coronary Stenoses (PEGASUS)
Authors: JIM MAN‐HONG , FUNG RAYMOND CHI‐YAN , YIU KAI‐HANG , NG ANDREW KEI‐YAN , SIU CHUNG‐WAH , FAN KATHERINE YU‐YAN 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to examine the angiographic result and its outcome predictors using the combination of paclitaxel‐eluting balloon (PEB) and Genous stent.BackgroundThis approach to treat coronary stenoses is a logical strategy to strike a balance between minimizing restenosis and stent thrombosis.MethodsFrom November 2010 to June 2012, 40 symptomatic patients with 44 de novo coronary lesions of diameter stenosis ≥50% were treated with the combination of PEB and Genous stents. Angiographic and clinical follow‐up were intended at 6 and 9 months, respectively.ResultsThe mean age of patients was 61 ± 11 years, with male predominance (83%). Diabetes mellitus and end‐stage renal failure on peritoneal dialysis were found in 15 (38%) and 10 (25%) patients, respectively. Patients received dual antiplatelet therapy for 5.1 ± 1.5 months post procedure. The size and length of PEB used was larger than the stents (3.13 ± 0.46 mm and 28 ± 9 mm vs. 2.98 ± 0.36 mm and 23 ± 7 mm). Restudy angiography was performed on 41 (95%) lesions in 37 (93%) patients at 5.9 ± 1.7 months. Angiographic restenosis was seen in 5 (12%) lesions, and significantly associated with diabetes mellitus and dialysis dependency; the late lumen loss was 0.38 ± 0.37 mm. At 9‐month follow‐up, no stent thrombosis was observed.ConclusionsThe use of PEB combined with Genous stent is associated with a reasonably low restenosis and late lumen loss, whereas diabetes mellitus and renal failure with dialysis are poor predictors of angiographic restenosis.
Muricholic bile acids are potent regulators of bile acid synthesis via a positive feedback mechanism
Authors: Hu X. , Bonde Y. , Eggertsen G. , Rudling M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectiveBile acid (BA) synthesis is regulated by negative feedback end‐product inhibition, initiated by farnesoid X receptors (FXRs) in liver and gut. Studies on cholic acid (CA)‐free Cyp8b1−/− mice have concluded that CA is a potent suppressor of BA synthesis. Cyp8b1−/− mice have increased BA synthesis and an enlarged BA pool, a phenotype shared with bile‐duct‐ligated, antibiotics‐administered and with germ‐free mice. Studies on such mice have concluded BA synthesis is induced due to reduced hormonal signalling by fibroblast growth factor (FGF)15 from intestine to liver. A mutual finding in these models is that potent FXR‐agonistic BAs are reduced. We hypothesized that the absence of the potent FXR agonist deoxycholic acid (DCA) may be important for the induction of BA synthesis in these situations.DesignTwo of these models were investigated, antibiotic treatment and Cyp8b1−/− mice and their combination. Secondary BA formation was inhibited by ampicillin (AMP) given to wild‐type and Cyp8b1−/− mice. We then administered CA, chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) or DCA to AMP‐treated Cyp8b1−/− mice.ResultsOur data show that the phenotype of AMP‐treated wild‐type mice resembles that of Cyp8b1−/− mice with fourfold induced Cyp7a1 expression, increased intestinal apical sodium‐dependent BA transporter expression and increased hepatic BA levels. We also show that reductions in the FXR‐agonistic BAs CDCA, CA, DCA or lithocholic acid cannot explain this phenotype; instead, it is likely due to increases in levels of α‐ and β‐muricholic BAs and ursodeoxycholic acid, three FXR‐antagonistic BAs.ConclusionsOur findings reveal a potent positive feedback mechanism for regulation of BA synthesis in mice that appears to be sufficient without endocrine effects of FGF15 on Cyp7a1. This mechanism will be fundamental in understanding BA metabolism in both mice and humans.
Laminin‐5 gamma 2 chain expression is associated with intensity of tumor budding and density of stromal myofibroblasts in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Marangon Junior Helvécio , Rocha Valéria Nazaré , Leite Camila Ferreira , de Aguiar Maria Cássia Ferreira , Souza Paulo Eduardo Alencar , Horta Martinho Campolina Rebello 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. Laminin‐5 gamma 2 chain (laminin‐5 γ2) is a protein associated to a migratory phenotype in epithelial neoplastic cells. Stromal myofibroblasts also play a significant role in tumor invasion, due to its ability to modify the extracellular matrix. Tumor budding is a morphologic marker of tumor invasion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of laminin‐5 γ2 inOSCCand its association with intensity of tumor budding and density of stromal myofibroblasts.MethodsParaffin‐embedded archival samples of 57OSCCpatients were evaluated. Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect laminin‐5 γ2, alpha smooth muscle actin (marker of stromal myofibroblasts), and multicytokeratin (to identifyOSCCcells in tumor budding evaluation). Laminin‐5 γ2 expression and its association with intensity of tumor budding and density of stromal myofibroblasts were analyzed. Association among intensity of tumor budding and density of stromal myofibroblasts was also evaluated.ResultsHigher laminin‐5 γ2 expression was associated with high‐intensity tumor budding (P < 0.05) and with higher density of stromal myofibroblasts (P < 0.05). Moreover, high‐intensity tumor budding was associated with higher density of stromal myofibroblasts (P < 0.05).ConclusionsInOSCC, higher laminin‐5 γ2 expression is associated with high‐intensity tumor budding and with higher density of stromal myofibroblasts, suggesting that this expression is related to the establishment of an invasive phenotype of neoplastic cells and a permissive environment for tumor invasion in this neoplasia.
Full‐Mouth Rehabilitation of Severely Worn Dentition Due to Soda Swishing: A Clinical Report
Authors: Alqahtani Fawaz 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDiagnosis and treatment planning of severely worn dentition are complex and complicated. Erosion is one of the common causes of lost tooth surface. Defining the etiology of the erosion is essential before proceeding with treatment to be able to provide the most predictable treatment outcome. Multiple specialists including psychologists, family medicine practioners, and social workers should be involved in the diagnosis and the prevention of a continuing erosion process. The treatment plan should be based on the severity of the tooth surface lost. It can range from simple direct restorations to a full‐mouth rehabilitation. This clinical report is a detailed description of a complex prosthodontic diagnostic index class IV patient based on current evidence‐based dentistry.
Relative Consumption Concerns and the Optimal Tax Mix
Authors: ECKERSTORFER PAUL 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis paper studies the optimal tax mix (taxes on income and commodities) under asymmetric information in a two‐type model, when individuals make relative consumption comparisons. The model includes both positional and nonpositional goods, taking into account the fact that relative concerns matter for some but not for all commodities. We find that in general the whole tax system is affected by the externalities caused by the consumption of positional goods, notably also the taxes on income and on a nonpositional good. The tax rates on positional goods are higher than in the absence of status effects, reflecting their Pigouvian role. The sign of the Pigouvian part in the income tax schedule is ambiguous and depends crucially on whether status goods are complements or substitutes to leisure.
Early childhood caries and associated determinants: a cross‐sectional study on Italian preschool children
Authors: Congiu Giovanna , Campus Guglielmo , Sale Silvana , Spano Giovanni , Cagetti Maria Grazia , Lugliè Pietrina Francesca 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectivesThis study evaluates the influence of several determinants on the presence of early childhood caries (ECC) in preschool children living in northern Sardinia, Italy. These determinants include the educational level and occupational status of the parents as a proxy for the socioeconomical level (SES) and behavioral factors (dietary and oral hygiene).MethodsAn observational cross‐sectional study was designed with a dental examination and a standardized questionnaire. Five hundred forty‐four subjects (260 girls and 284 boys) were enrolled and categorized into two age groups: 359 children were aged 18‐47 months and 185 children were aged 48‐60 months.ResultsThe total caries prevalence was 15.99%. Caries risk increased with lower parents' educational level (P = 0.01), increased number of siblings (P < 0.01), the use of bottle feeding (P = 0.02), and the use of a sweetened baby's pacifier at night (P = 0.01). In robust multivariate analysis, a high parental educational level played a protective role on the presence of caries lesion [odds ratio (OR) = 0.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.34‐0.78]; the mother's being employed had a positive statistically significant association with the child having decayed, missing, filled tooth surfaces = 0 (OR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.23‐0.97). The presence of more than one sibling in the family was associated with caries (OR = 1.70, 95% CI 1.20‐2.40).ConclusionECC prevalence evaluated was similar to other western countries, and SES and behavioral habits influence the development of ECC.
Dissolution and pharmacokinetics of baicalin–polyvinylpyrrolidone coprecipitate
Authors: Li Bibo , He Mei , Li Wei , Luo Zhibin , Guo Ying , Li Yajun , Zang Chunbao , Wang Bo , Li Fang , Li Shaolin , Ji Ping 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Objectives
Baicalin–polyvinylpyrrolidone coprecipitate was prepared with the aim of improving the dissolution and bioavailability of the baicalin.

Methods
The dissolution of the coprecipitate in capsule form was tested and compared with baicalin active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) capsules. A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection method was established to determine the concentration of baicalin in plasma. The liquid–liquid extraction and solid phase extraction methods were used to pretreat the baicalin plasma sample. The pharmacokinetics of the coprecipitate capsules were tested and compared with the API capsules in six beagle dogs after crossover oral administration.

Key findings
The results of the dissolution demonstrated that the dissolution of the coprecipitate capsules was 21.02, 2.02 and 3.29 times that of the API capsules in 0.1 mol/l HCl solution, pH 4.5 solution and water, respectively, but it was slightly lower than that of the API capsules in a pH 6.8 solution. The calibration curve showed a good linearity at concentrations between 3.648 ng/mL and 364.8 ng/mL (r = 0.998). The baicalin plasma sample was successfully pretreated, with endogenous impurities almost completely removed. The pharmacokinetics of the coprecipitate capsules and the API capsules indicated that the mean values of Cmax were 127.04 ± 10.6 and 27.49 ± 36 μg/l, and those of AUC(0-24h) were 1080.23 ± 336.43 and 337.84 ± 127.64 μg/l × h, respectively. Compared with the baicalin API capsules, the relative bioavailability of the coprecipitate capsules was 338.2% ± 93.2%.

Conclusions
From these observations of improved dissolution and pharmacokinetic behaviours, a good relationship was found in vitro and in vivo, indicating that the coprecipitate could be a promising formulation strategy for insoluble baicalin.
Effect of meal and antisecretory agents on the pharmacokinetics of danoprevir/ritonavir in healthy volunteers
Authors: Morcos Peter N , Moreira Sebastian A , Navarro Mercidita T , Bech Núria , Quatkemeyer Amanda , Smith Patrick F , Brennan Barbara J 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the effect of a low- and high-fat meal and co-administration of ranitidine or omeprazole on the pharmacokinetics of ritonavir-boosted danoprevir (DNVr).

Methods
In this randomised, open-label, cross-over study, healthy subjects received a single dose of DNVr. In group 1, DNVr was administered while fasting or with a low-fat or high-fat meal. In group 2, DNVr was administered alone or with ranitidine 150 mg (single dose) or omeprazole 40 mg (multiple doses).

Key findings
Group 1 (n = 16): relative to fasting conditions, food slightly prolonged absorption but did not alter the extent of absorption. DNV area under the plasma concentration–time curve extrapolated to infinity (AUC0–∞), maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), and plasma concentration 12 h after administration (C12h) geometric mean ratios (GMR%) (90% confidence interval (CI)) with a low-fat meal were 92.3 (80.2–106), 61.8 (51.0–74.9) and 95.2 (80.9–112), versus fasting conditions, and with a high-fat meal 99.5 (86.4–115), 58.9 (48.5–71.6) and 101 (86.0–119). Group 2 (n = 13): ranitidine or omeprazole had no clinically significant effect on DNV pharmacokinetics. DNV AUC0–∞, Cmax and C12h GMR% (90% CI) with ranitidine: 81.9 (68.3–98.1), 104 (86.9–123) and 87.5 (69.3–111), and with omeprazole: 83.0 (67.4–102), 92.7 (70.6–122) and 93.3 (65.6–133).

Conclusions
The absence of clinically relevant effects of food, ranitidine or omeprazole on DNVr pharmacokinetics suggests that DNVr can be administered without regard to meals and in combination with H2 antagonists or proton pump inhibitors.
The role of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor subtypes in the regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene expression
Authors: Zetterström Tyra S C , Coppell Alexander A , Khundakar Ahmad A 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Objectives
The study aims to investigate the role of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor subtypes in mediating the inhibitory effect of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (fluoxetine on brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene (bdnf) expression in rat hippocampus.

Methods
In situ hybridization was used for regional determination of bdnf expression levels in hippocampal brain slices from normal, lesioned (5-hydroxytryptamine or noradrenaline) or adrenalectomized rats; treated with fluoxetine and/or 5-hydroxytryptamine selective ligands.

Key findings
Our study shows that the transient fluoxetine-induced down-regulation of bdnf gene expression depends on an intact 5-hydroxytryptamine but not noradrenaline system or circulating glucocorticoids. Pretreatment with the 5-hydroxytryptamine4 antagonist SB-204070 blocked the overall fluoxetine-induced inhibition of bdnf levels in hippocampus, while pretreatment with the 5-hydroxytryptamine2 antagonists ketanserin had an effect in the CA3 but not in the dentate gyrus sub-region of hippocampus. The 5-hydroxytryptamine1A antagonist WAY-100635 and the 5-hydroxytryptamine3 antagonist granisetron were both ineffective.

Conclusions
Our study found strong support for a primary effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine but not noradrenaline or circulating glucocorticoids in the mediation of fluoxetine-induced down-regulation of bdnf expression. More specifically, we also show that 5-hydroxytryptamine4 receptor-stimulation seems to play a pivotal role in this effect.
Melatonin enhances chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Gao Wenjie , Lin Mianlong , Liang Anjing , Zhang Liangming , Chen Changhua , Liang Guoyan , Xu Caixia , Peng Yan , Chen Chong , Huang Dongsheng , Su Peiqiang 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIntramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification are two ways through which bone formation and fracture healing occur. Accumulating amounts of evidence suggests that melatonin affects osteoblast differentiation, but little is known about the effects of melatonin on the process of chondrogenic differentiation. In this study, the effects of melatonin on human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) undergoing chondrogenic differentiation were investigated. Cells were induced along chondrogenic differentiation via high‐density micromass culture in chondrogenic medium containing vehicle or 50 nm melatonin. Histological study and quantitative analysis of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) showed induced cartilage tissues to be larger and richer in GAG, collagen type II and collagen type X in the melatonin group than in the untreated controls. Real‐time RT‐PCR analysis demonstrated that melatonin treatment significantly up‐regulated the expression of the genes involved in chondrogenic differentiation, including aggrecan (ACAN), collagen type II (COL2A1), collagen type X (COL10A1), SRY (sex‐determining region Y)‐box 9 (SOX9), runt‐related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and the potent inducer of chondrogenic differentiation, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). And the expression of melatonin membrane receptors (MT) MT1 and MT2 were detected in the chondrogenic‐induced‐MSCs by immunofluorescence staining. Luzindole, a melatonin receptor antagonist, was found to partially block the ability of melatonin to increase the size and GAG synthesis of the induced cartilage tissues, as well as to completely reverse the effect of melatonin on the gene expression of ACAN, COL2A1, COL10A1, SOX9 and BMP2 after 7 days of differentiation. These findings demonstrate that melatonin enhances chondrogenic differentiation of human MSCs at least partially through melatonin receptors.
Peyronie's Disease Plaque Calcification—Prevalence, Time to Identification, and Development of a New Grading Classification
Authors: Levine Laurence , Rybak James , Corder Christopher , Farrel Michael Ryan 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Peyronie's disease (PD) is a connective tissue disorder of the penis in which a fibrous scar in the tunica albuginea can result in multiple penile deformities.

Aim
The study aims to investigate the prevalence and time to identification of plaque calcification (PC) in our PD patient population and whether stratification of calcification based on severity seen on ultrasound would serve as a predictor of treatment progression to surgery.

Methods
A retrospective review of 1,041 men presenting with PD from 1993 to 2009 was performed. Eight hundred thirty-four underwent penile duplex ultrasound.

Main Outcome Measures
PC was graded as: grade 1 (&lt;0.3 cm), grade 2 (&gt;0.3 cm, &lt;1.5 cm), grade 3 (&gt;1.5 cm; or ≥2 plaques &gt;1.0 cm). A matched control group with noncalcified plaques (n = 236) was selected for comparison.

Results
Two hundred eighty-four men (34%) were found to have PC noted on ultrasound, and 98 had fully documented dimensions of the PC. Forty-one percent were found to have grade 1, 28% grade 2, and 32% grade 3. When analyzed by grade and progression to surgery, 23% of grade 1, 32% of grade 2, and 55% of grade 3 patients had surgery. Those with grade 3 PC were more likely to undergo surgical intervention for PD (OR 2.28 95% CI 1.07–4.86) and more likely to undergo a grafting procedure than control patients (P &lt; 0.0001).

Conclusions
Men with PC are not more likely to undergo surgery than those without PC (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.58–1.57). PC is not uncommon, as it was found in 34% of our cohort. PC does not appear to be an indication of mature or stable disease, as it was identified by ultrasound in 37% of patients less than 12 months after onset of symptoms. Men with grade 3 PC have an increased likelihood of progression to surgical intervention and a higher likelihood of undergoing a grafting procedure.
Time in bed, sleep quality and associations with cardiometabolic markers in children: the Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy birth cohort study
Authors: Berentzen Nina E. , Smit Henriëtte A. , Bekkers Marga B. M. , Brunekreef Bert , Koppelman Gerard H. , De Jongste Johan C. , Kerkhof Marjan , Van Rossem Lenie , Wijga Alet H. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryWe investigated associations of time in bed and multiple sleep quality characteristics with cardiometabolic markers in children. Data from the prevention and incidence of asthma and mite allergy study, a population‐based prospective birth‐cohort study started in 1996–1997 in the Netherlands, were analysed. In total 1481 children aged 11–12 years completed a questionnaire (including questions on sleep) and underwent a medical examination. We measured body mass index, waist circumference, total‐ and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure and glycated haemoglobin. Results showed that in girls, some sleep characteristics were related to anthropometrics (body mass index, waist circumference) and cholesterol. Girls who had a long time in bed (11–12.5 h) had 0.16 lower body mass index z‐score (95% confidence interval −0.31; −0.01) and 0.99 cm smaller waist circumference (95% confidence interval −2.01; −0.13) compared with girls who spent 10–10.5 h in bed. Girls who went to bed late and rose early had 0.16 mm higher total cholesterol (95% confidence interval 0.01; 0.31) and 0.08 mm higher high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (95% confidence interval 0.01; 0.14) than ‘early to bed/early rise’ girls. Girls with night‐time awakenings had 0.14 mm higher total cholesterol (95% confidence interval 0.03; 0.25) than girls without night‐time awakenings. Girls who felt sleepy/tired ≥1 day per week had 0.10 mm lower high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (95% confidence interval −0.16; −0.04) and 0.17 mm higher total cholesterol/high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (95% confidence interval 0.02; 0.32) than girls who did not feel sleepy. No associations were found for boys. Sleep characteristics were not related to blood pressure and glycated haemoglobin, and effect sizes of the associations in girls were small. Therefore, we consider it premature to propose that improved sleep could reduce cardiovascular risk during childhood.
The therapeutic potential of bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells on hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Bayo Juan , Marrodán Mariano , Aquino Jorge B. , Silva Marcelo , García Mariana G. , Mazzolini Guillermo 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are more often obtained from adult and extraembryonic tissues, with the latter sources being likely better from a therapeutic perspective. MSCs show tropism towards inflamed or tumourigenic sites. Mechanisms involved in MSC recruitment into tumours are comprehensively analysed, including chemoattractant signalling axes, endothelial adhesion and transmigration. In addition, signals derived from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumour microenvironment and their influence in MSC tropism and tumour recruitment are dissected, as well as the present controversy regarding their influence on tumour growth and/or metastasis. Finally, evidences available on the use of MSCs and other selected progenitor/stem cells as vehicles of antitumourigenic genes are discussed. A better knowledge of the mechanisms involved in progenitor/stem cell recruitment to HCC tumours is proposed in order to enhance their tumour targeting which may result in improvements in cell‐based gene therapy strategies.