bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A current view of the epigenome in mouse primordial germ cells
Authors: Matsui Yasuhisa , Mochizuki Kentaro 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYPrimordial germ cells (PGCs) are undifferentiated germ line cells in embryos that emerge at early stages of embryonic development, and then differentiate into eggs or sperm in gonads to give rise to individuals of successive generations. During germ cell development, several dynamic changes in epigenetic modifications including DNA methylation and histone modifications occur, and these changes are thought to be reprogramming processes that are required for germ cells to confer totipotency to the zygote. Initially, the epigenetic status of particular gene loci in PGCs was studied, but more recently, genome‐wide studies have provided more comprehensive views of the PGC epigenome. Mouse PGCs undergo global DNA demethylation that starts shortly after PGC specification in early embryos. Although the functional importance of global DNA demethylation is not fully understood, demethylation of imprinted genes is crucial for erasure of methylation‐based imprinting, and demethylation of PGC‐specific genes is crucial for proper transcriptional regulation. PGCs also have unique patterns of histone modification, such as hypomethylation of H3K9 and hypermethylation of H3K27, and experimental evidence suggests that the unique epigenetic modifications of histones are important to the proper development of PGCs. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 81: 160–170, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency: A rare cause of adult‐onset rhabdomyolysis
Authors: Liewluck Teerin , Mundi Manpreet S. , Mauermann Michelle L. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of mitochondrial fatty acid β‐oxidation that may be due to mutations in 2 different nuclear genes, HADHA and HADHB. Perturbation of this multienzyme complex compromises the oxidation of long‐chain fatty acids, which leads to multiorgan dysfunction. Childhood‐ or adolescent‐onset recurrent rhabdomyolysis is a common muscular manifestation and is preceded frequently by clinically overt peripheral neuropathy. Methods: In this report we describe a patient with late adult‐onset recurrent rhabdomyolysis. Results: Despite normal sensory examination, nerve conduction studies showed a mild axonal peripheral neuropathy. The acylcarnitine profile showed elevated long‐chain and 3‐hydroxy long‐chain acylcarnitine species. HADHA sequencing revealed known compound heterozygous mutations c.180+3A>G (p.Thr37SerfsX6) and c.1528G>C (p.Glu510Gln). During a 10‐month follow‐up period, he had no further episodes of rhabdomyolysis after appropriate dietary modifications. Conclusions: Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency should be considered in patients with adult‐onset recurrent rhabdomyolysis, especially in those with either clinically overt or subclinical peripheral neuropathy. Muscle Nerve 48: 989–991, 2013
OnabotulinumtoxinA injection therapy in men with LUTS due to primary bladder‐neck dysfunction: Objective and patient‐reported outcomes
Authors: Sacco Emilio , Tienforti Daniele , Bientinesi Riccardo , D'Addessi Alessandro , Racioppi Marco , Pinto Francesco , Totaro Angelo , Vittori Matteo , D'Agostino Daniele , Bassi Pierfrancesco 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo determine efficacy and safety of OnabotulinumtoxinA (BoNT‐A) injection therapy in medically refractory patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to primary bladder‐neck dysfunction (PBND).Materials and MethodsThirty‐five consecutive ambulatory males diagnosed with PBND and refractory to medical therapy, with IPSS > 15, Qmax < 15 ml/sec, and total prostate volume < 30 cm3, were screened from January 2010 to December 2011. Eligible patients underwent transurethral bladder‐neck injection of BoNT‐A (200 U, 50 U/ml × 4 sites) and were assessed at baseline, 2‐, 6‐, 9‐, and 12‐month postprocedure and until duration of clinical response. The primary outcome was the change from baseline in total IPSS, and secondary outcome were storage‐ and voiding‐IPSS, QoL score, Qmax, and postvoiding residual volume (PVR), patient‐reported outcomes. Adverse effects were also recorded, including ejaculatory dysfunctions.ResultsOf 30 enrolled patients (mean age 33.8 years), 29 (96.7%) completed the study. A statistically significant improvement of total IPSS was observed from 21.9 at baseline, to 7.8, 10.3, and 16.6 at 2, 6, and 9 months, respectively (P < 0.000). Statistically significant improvements from baseline of storage‐ and voiding‐IPSS, QoL score, Qmax, and PVR were also observed until 9‐month postprocedure. The proportion of patients with overall satisfaction was favorable although decreasing from 80% at 2 months, to 44.8% at 12 months. No significant adverse effects or ejaculatory dysfunctions were noted.ConclusionsBoNT‐A injection therapy appears effective and safe in medically refractory men with PBND, although repeated procedures are required for long‐term sustained benefit. Randomized controlled trials are warranted in order to corroborate these results. Neurourol. Urodynam. 33:142–146, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Induction mortality, ATRA administration, and resource utilization in a nationally representative cohort of children with acute promyelocytic leukemia in the United States from 1999 to 2009
Authors: Fisher Brian T. , Singh Sonia , Huang Yuan‐Shung , Li Yimei , Gregory John , Walker Dana , Seif Alix E. , Kavcic Marko , Aplenc Richard 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundLimited data exist on induction mortality of pediatric patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia in the United States, usage of all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) during acute promyelocytic leukemia induction, and the resources needed to deliver induction therapy.ProcedureUsing the Pediatric Health Information System database we established a retrospective cohort of patients treated for newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia with ATRA between January 1999 and September 2009 in 32 of 43 PHIS contributing free‐standing pediatric hospitals in the United States. Standard statistical methods were used to determine in‐hospital induction mortality, ATRA administration, and resource utilization during a 60‐day observation period.ResultsA total of 163 children were identified who met eligibility criteria for cohort inclusion; 52% were female and 76% were white with an average age of 12.7 years. A total of 12 patients (7.4%) died, with 7 (58.3%) dying within the first 7 days of first admission. The mean time to first ATRA exposure increased with decreasing age (P = 0.0016). Resource utilization for management of retinoic acid syndrome was higher than anticipated based on prior studies and differed significantly from patients with non‐M3 acute myeloid leukemia.ConclusionsThe induction mortality for pediatric acute promyelocytic leukemia remains substantial with wide variation in ATRA administration and high rates of resource utilization. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:68–73. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterisation and Identification of Dihydroindole‐type Alkaloids From Processed Semen Strychni by High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Electrospray Ionisation Ion Trap Time‐of‐Flight Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Tian Ji‐Xin , Tian Yuan , Xu Lei , Zhang Ji , Lu Tao , Zhang Zun‐Jian 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIntroductionFor centuries, Semen Strychni (the ripened seeds of Strychnos nux‐vomica) has been used extensively as a herbal medicine in Asian countries. However, the chemical composition of the dihydroindole‐type alkaloids contained in processed Semen Strychni is not fully understood.ObjectiveTo develop an improved strategy using mass defect filtering (MDF) in combination with MSn analysis and theoretical calculations for identification and structural characterisation of dihydroindole‐type alkaloids in processed Semen Strychni extracts.MethodsThe experimental work was conducted using a high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionisation ion trap time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (HPLC–ESI/IT‐TOF/MS) system. Upon acquisition of full‐scan MS data, the potential dihydroindole‐type alkaloids were screened using a well‐defined mass defect range of 50 mDa. With the assistance of MSn analysis, the diagnostic fragment ions (DFIs) were used as primary screening references for targeting the characteristic analogues. For better discrimination of the isomers, quantum chemical calculations were utilised to provide additional structural information.ResultsTwenty‐four dihydroindole‐type alkaloids, including four that were previously not described, were tentatively identified.ConclusionA new, rapid and sensitive method was developed for the discovery and characterisation of dihydroindole‐type alkaloids in extracts of processed Semen Strychni. The successful application of this method indicates a potential for adaptation to other classes of natural product from other sources. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phenolic Distribution in Liquid Preparations of Vaccinium myrtillus L. and Vaccinium vitis idaea L.
Authors: Ieri Francesca , Martini Sara , Innocenti Marzia , Mulinacci Nadia 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTIntroductionLiquid preparations such as tinctures and ‘bud extracts’ of bilberry and lingonberry are typical products used in some European countries but they have not been widely studied to date.ObjectiveOur aim was to define a phytochemical profile in terms of phenolic compounds for liquid preparations of Vaccinium myrtillus L. (bilberry) and Vaccinium vitis idaea L. (lingonberry) foliar tissues, and evaluate their stability.MethodsUp to 17 extracts of lingonberry, and bilberry have been analysed by HPLC equipped with a diode‐array detector (DAD) in combination with MS. Some of these samples were freshly prepared (laboratory extracts).ResultsPhenolic profiles of the bud extracts and tinctures of bilberry and lingonberry were obtained at 330 nm, typical of the cinnamoyl compounds and suitable to distinguish these two species. Analogously, the profiles at 280 nm were used to detect the arbutin derivatives recognised as the typical markers of lingonberry leaves only. Among the cinnamoyl derivatives, chlorogenic acid was the main compound found in bilberry samples, while caffeoyl arbutin was the principal marker in lingonberry samples. In quantitative terms, the hydroxycinnamic acids were the main class in bilberry bud extracts ranging between 4.67 and 6.81 mg/L (from 52 to 84% of the total phenols). The young sprouts of this species, independently from the extraction mixture, show a higher phenolic content than adult leaves of the same plant.ConclusionsThe analytical method allowed to define fingerprints of bilberry and lingonberry liquid preparations. Moreover, without applying accelerated ageing protocols, the stability over time of 11 samples was evaluated up to 6 months, demonstrating negligible variations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A longitudinal study of normal fetal femur volume
Authors: Ioannou Christos , Sarris Ippokratis , Napolitano Raffaele , Ohuma Eric , Javaid M. Kassim , Papageorghiou Aris T. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveFetal femur volume (FV) is a useful marker of skeletal growth. Our objective was to create a normal FV chart in a cohort of healthy pregnant women and to assess FV repeatability.MethodThe method used was a prospective, observational study using 3D ultrasound. Low‐risk pregnant women underwent serial scans from 14 to 42 weeks. Strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were used in order to remove pathological conditions. Pregnancies were dated by last menstrual period and confirmed by crown‐rump length. FV was measured using three linear measurements and a volume equation. Data were analyzed using multilevel modeling. Repeatability was assessed using within‐subject coefficients of variation (CV), intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and Bland–Altman plots.ResultsA total of 180 women underwent 868 scans, a median of five scans per participant. Median and centile values were presented in the form of curves, regression equations, and table of values per completed week. Intra‐observer CV and ICC were 10.5% and 0.977, respectively; interobserver CV and ICC were 16.8% and 0.923.ConclusionThis normal FV chart can be used as a prescriptive standard in order to assess fetal skeletal growth. Measurement repeatability is satisfactory for clinical use, but FV has a larger random error than commonly seen with standard 2D biometry. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temporal lobe epilepsy with apparent suicidal gestures
Authors: Guruvaiah Latha , Veerasamy Karthik 
Published: July 2013

AbstractVarious ictal (during the seizure) behaviour patterns have been described in patients with epilepsy. Here, Drs Guruvaiah and Veerasamy describe unusual high‐risk ictal behaviours with the appearance of suicidal gestures in a patient who was subsequently given a diagnosis of temporal lobe epilepsy.
Lifestyle‐related cardiovascular risk factors in patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Brown Steve , Ramesh Rupa , Newson Stephanie , Isaacs Rosie 
Published: July 2013

AbstractStudies suggest that people with bipolar affective disorder have higher rates of cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes, smoking and poor diet; however, there are few studies assessing specific risk factors in the UK population. Dr Brown and colleagues present the results of their study to evaluate lifestyle‐related cardiovascular risk factors in a community cohort of patients with bipolar disorder compared with the UK general population.
Dilution of protein‐surfactant complexes: A fluorescence study
Authors: Azadi Glareh , Chauhan Anuj , Tripathi Anubhav 
Published: July 2013

AbstractDilution of protein–surfactant complexes is an integrated step in microfluidic protein sizing, where the contribution of free micelles to the overall fluorescence is reduced by dilution. This process can be further improved by establishing an optimum surfactant concentration and quantifying the amount of protein based on the fluorescence intensity. To this end, we study the interaction of proteins with anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and cationic hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) using a hydrophobic fluorescent dye (sypro orange). We analyze these interactions fluourometrically with bovine serum albumin, carbonic anhydrase, and beta‐galactosidase as model proteins. The fluorescent signature of protein–surfactant complexes at various dilution points shows three distinct regions, surfactant dominant, breakdown, and protein dominant region. Based on the dilution behavior of protein–surfactant complexes, we propose a fluorescence model to explain the contribution of free and bound micelles to the overall fluorescence. Our results show that protein peak is observed at 3 mM SDS as the optimum dilution concentration. Furthermore, we study the effect of protein concentration on fluorescence intensity. In a single protein model with a constant dye quantum yield, the peak height increases with protein concentration. Finally, addition of CTAB to the protein–SDS complex at mole fractions above 0.1 shifts the protein peak from 3 mM to 4 mM SDS. The knowledge of protein–surfactant interactions obtained from these studies provides significant insights for novel detection and quantification techniques in microfluidics.
A pheromone analogue affects the evaporation rate of (+)‐disparlure in Lymantria dispar
Authors: Sollai Giorgia , Murgia Sergio , Secci Francesco , Frongia Angelo , Cerboneschi Anna , Masala Carla , Liscia Anna , Crnjar Roberto , Solari Paolo 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe gypsy moth Lymantria dispar L. is a widespread pest that causes economic damage to cork oak forests. Females produce the sex pheromone (+)‐(7R,8S)‐epoxy‐2‐methyloctadecane, known as (+)‐disparlure [(+)D], for long‐distance attraction of conspecific males. A (+)D analogue, 2‐decyl‐1‐oxaspiro[2.2]pentane (OXP‐01), neither stimulating nor attractive by itself, causes short‐time inhibition of male response in a 1:1 blend with (+)D. The authors investigated whether and how the biological activity of the natural pheromone is affected by OXP‐01 on a long‐time basis (up to 16 days), also by looking at possible physicochemical reciprocal interactions.RESULTSBlending of (+)D with OXP‐01 decreased, under low evaporation rate, the pheromone effectiveness, as assessed by electroantennogram recordings. In male trappings, within the first 24 h, OXP‐01 decreased and later enhanced the blend attractiveness, but only under high evaporation rate. Gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy indicates that quantitative retrieval of (+)D from blend cartridges is higher than for pure pheromone, and nuclear magnetic resonance measurements show that OXP‐01 produces, possibly by Van der Waals interactions, a bimolecular entity with pheromone causing retention and lengthening of its attractiveness over time.CONCLUSIONThe biological and physicochemical interactions between (+)D and OXP‐01 may provide valuable information for the optimisation of pheromone‐based control strategies for gypsy moths. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparative antifeedant activities of polygodial and pyrethrins against whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) and aphids (Myzus persicae)
Authors: Prota Neli , Bouwmeester Harro J , Jongsma Maarten A 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDPolygodial, a sesquiterpene dialdehyde of the drimane family, has been shown to have deterrent and antifeedant effects on various insect species, including Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Spodoptera spp. and Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). This compound may have potential as a broad‐spectrum biocontrol agent, similar to pyrethrins, given that it was previously reported to improve yield when sprayed on barley fields.RESULTSThis study compares the deterrent effect of polygodial and pyrethrins against the silverleaf whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) and the green peach aphid M. persicae in dual‐choice assays using compound‐coated tomato leaf discs. B. tabaci adults were deterred by polygodial at an ED50 (effective dose at which 50% of the insects are deterred) of about 25 µg g−1 fresh weight (FW), and green peach aphids at about 54 µg g−1 FW. Bioassays were benchmarked with pyrethrins that had a 20‐fold lower ED50 of approximately 1.4 µg g−1 FW against whiteflies, but only a twofold lower ED50 (about 28 µg g−1 FW) against peach aphids. Polygodial showed moderate phytotoxic effects (score of 2 on a scale of 1–5) on tomato leaves at concentrations above the ED50 concentrations (≥90 µg g−1 FW).CONCLUSIONThe sesquiterpene dialdehyde polygodial is 2–20 times less deterrent than pyrethrins, depending on the insect species, but it could provide a useful complement to pyrethrin sprays as it has a different mode of action, is food grade and has low volatility. However, a formulation that reduces the risks of phytotoxic effects should be developed. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
The effect of nitrogen rate on transgenic corn Cry3Bb1 protein expression
Authors: Marquardt Paul T , Krupke Christian H , Camberato James J , Johnson William G 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDCombining herbicide‐resistant and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) traits in corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids may affect insect resistance management owing to volunteer corn. Some Bt toxins may be expressed at lower levels by nitrogen‐deficient corn roots. Corn plants with sublethal levels of Bt expression could accelerate the evolution of Bt resistance in target insects. The present objective was to quantify the concentration of Bt (Cry3Bb1) in corn root tissue with varying tissue nitrogen concentrations.RESULTSExpression of Cry3Bb1 toxin in root tissue was highly variable, but there were no differences in the overall concentration of Cry3Bb1 expressed between roots taken from Cry3Bb1‐positive volunteer and hybrid corn plants. The nitrogen rate did affect Cry3Bb1 expression in the greenhouse, less nitrogen resulted in decreased Cry3Bb1 expression, yet this result was not documented in the field.CONCLUSIONA positive linear relationship of plant nitrogen status on Cry3Bb1 toxin expression was documented. Also, high variability in Cry3Bb1 expression is potentially problematic from an insect resistance management perspective. This variability could create a mosaic of toxin doses in the field, which does not fit into the high‐dose refuge strategy and could alter predictions about the speed of evolution of resistance to Cry3Bb1 in western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Two types of typical circulation pattern for persistent extreme precipitation in Central–Eastern China
Authors: Chen Yang , Zhai Panmao 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTwo characteristic circulation patterns responsible for persistent extreme precipitation (PEP) events in Central–Eastern China are identified using a composite analysis: a double‐blocking high type and a single‐blocking high type. The double‐blocking high type is characterized by the development of two blocking highs near the Ural Mountains and the Sea of Okhotsk, with a trough between them. This long‐lived pattern continuously steers cold/dry air from mid–high latitudes to Central–Eastern China, where it encounters anomalously warm/moist air from lower latitudes conveyed by intensified southeasterlies associated with a westward shift of the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH). The single‐blocking high type is characterized by the appearance of a blocking high to the south of Lake Baikal. This blocking high is accompanied by a deep trough located to its east, which extends into the southern Yangtze River Valley. The anomalous anticyclone associated with the westward extension of the WPSH is located further south and slightly east of that observed during the double‐blocking high type. Accordingly, the intensified southeasterlies convey anomalously moist air to the southern and eastern parts of Central–Eastern China. In the upper troposphere, the displacement of the South Asian High and jets favours divergence for both typical circulation patterns.The comparison between the composites and additional cases that share similar circulation patterns but do not result in PEP in Central–Eastern China suggests that PEP events typically result from concurrent combinations of persistent anomalies from lower to upper levels, rather than from isolated anomalies of specific weather systems.
Relevance of roughness parameters of surface finish in precision hard turning
Authors: Jouini Nabil , Revel Philippe , Bigerelle Maxence 
Published: July 2013

SummaryPrecision hard turning is a process to improve the surface integrity of functional surfaces. Machining experiments are carried out on hardened AISI 52100 bearing steel under dry condition using c‐BN cutting tools. A full factorial experimental design is used to characterize the effect of cutting parameters. As surface topography is characterized by numerous roughness parameters, their relative relevance is investigated by statistical indices of performance computed by combining the analysis of variance, discriminant analysis and the bootstrap method. The analysis shows that the profile Length ratio (Lr) and the Roughness average (Ra) are the relevant pair of roughness parameters which best discriminates the effect of cutting parameters and enable the classification of surfaces which cannot be distinguished by one parameter: low profile length ratio Lr (Lr = 100.23%) is clearly distinguished from an irregular surface corresponding to a profile length ratio Lr (Lr = 100.42%), whereas the roughness average Ra values are nearly identical. SCANNING 36:86–94, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.