bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STRoke Adverse Outcome is Associated with NoSocomial Infections (STRAWINSKI): Procalcitonin Ultrasensitive-Guided Antibacterial Therapy in Severe Ischaemic Stroke Patients – Rationale and Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ulm Lena , Ohlraun Stephanie , Harms Hendrik , Hoffmann Sarah , Klehmet Juliane , Ebmeyer Stefan , Hartmann Oliver , Meisel Christian , Anker Stefan D. , Meisel Andreas 
Published: August 2012

Rationale Stroke-associated pneumonia is one of the most common causes of poor outcome in stroke patients. Clinical signs and laboratory parameters of stroke-associated infections are often inconclusive. Biomarkers may help to identify stroke patients at high risk for pneumonia and to guide physicians in an early antibiotic treatment, thereby improving stroke outcome. Aim The aim of the present study is to investigate whether procalcitonin ultrasensitive-guided antibiotic treatment improves functional outcome after severe ischaemic stroke by early treatment of pneumonia. Design STRAWINSKI is an investigator-initiated, multicentre, randomized, controlled trial with blinded assessment of outcome comparing procalcitonin ultrasensitive-guided antibiotic treatment with standard care. Study 200 patients with ischaemic stroke in the middle cerebral artery territory and a score >9 on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale will be included and randomly assigned to two groups. One group will receive procalcitonin-based antibiotic therapy guidance; the other group will receive standard stroke unit care. Outcomes The primary endpoint is functional outcome at day 90 after stroke on the modified Rankin Scale, dichotomized as favourable (0–4) or unfavourable outcome ( 5 ,– 6 ). Secondary endpoints are time to first event of death, rehospitalization, or recurrent stroke; death rate, infection rate, and days with fever up to day 7; length of hospital stay and hospital discharge disposition; shift analysis of the modified Rankin Scale; Barthel Index and days alive and out of hospital at day 90; use of antibiotics until day 90; and modified Rankin Scale, Barthel Index, and infarct volume at day 180.
Hector's dolphin diet: The species, sizes and relative importance of prey eaten by Cephalorhynchus hectori, investigated using stomach content analysis
Authors: Miller Elanor , Lalas Chris , Dawson Steve , Ratz Hiltrun , Slooten Elisabeth 
Published: August 2012

AbstractStomach contents of 63 Hector's dolphins (Cephalorhynchus hectori) were collected between 1984 and 2006 from throughout New Zealand to provide the first quantitative assessment of prey composition. Twenty‐nine taxa were identified. Those most commonly consumed were red cod (Pseudophycis bachus), ahuru (Auchenoceros punctatus), arrow squid (Nototodarus sp.), sprat (Sprattus sp.), sole (Peltorhamphus sp.), and stargazer (Crapatalus sp.). By mass, these six species contributed 77% of total diet. Red cod contributed the most in terms of mass (37%), while ahuru and Hector's lanternfish (Lampanyctodes hectoris) were consumed in large numbers. Prey ranged from <1 cm to >60 cm in total length, but the majority of prey items were <10 cm long, indicating that for some species, juveniles were targeted. Diets of dolphins from South Island east and west coasts were significantly different, due largely to javelinfish (Lepidorhynchus denticulatus) being of greater importance in west coast stomachs, and a greater consumption of demersal prey species in the east. The feeding ecology of Hector's dolphin is broadly similar to that of other Cephalorhynchus species. Hector's dolphin is shown to feed on species from throughout the water column, and differences in diet between populations are thought to reflect prey availability.
An evidence‐based approach to the 12‐min consultation for a child with Down’s syndrome
Authors: Malik V. , Verma R.U. , Joshi V. , Sheehan P.Z. 
Published: August 2012

Clin. Otolaryngol. 2012, 37, 291–296Background:  Down’s syndrome is the commonest genetic condition. ENT problems are common in these children and can affect their development and quality of life.Method:  English literature review and experience of the senior author in managing ENT problems in children and adults with Down’s syndrome.Search strategy:  We carried out a Medline search on 31/03/2012 of English language publications using the following keywords: Down/Down’s syndrome, hearing loss, ear infections, sleep apnoea, thyroid.Results:  The prevalence, presenting features and management of many common ENT conditions are significantly different in children who have Down’s syndrome. This is particularly true of otitis media with effusion and sleep‐disordered breathing.Conclusion:  The outpatient consultation for a child with Down’s syndrome should assess a range of specific ENT problems affecting this patient group including hearing issues, sleep‐disordered breathing, recurrent upper respiratory tract infections, as well as other health conditions like hypothyroidism, atlantoaxial instability and cardiac issues, which can potentially affect the management of the patient.
Accuracy of computed tomography detection of superior canal dehiscence
Authors: Sequeira S.M. , Whiting B.R. , Shimony J.S. , Vo K.D. , Hullar T.E. 
Published: August 2012

Citation: Sequeira SM, Whiting BR, Shimony JS, Vo KD, Hullar TE. Accuracy of computed tomography detection of superior canal dehiscence. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011, Issue 9. pp. 1500–1505. DOI: 10.1097/MAO.0b013e318238280c.AbstractHypothesis  High‐resolution temporal bone computed tomography (CT) may erroneously demonstrate a superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD) where none exists and inaccurately display the size of a dehiscence.Background  CT is an integral component of the diagnosis of SSCD. The prevalence of dehiscence as measured on computed tomographic scan is approximately eightfold higher than that on histologic studies, suggesting that CT may have a relatively low specificity for identifying canal dehiscence. This, in turn, can lead to an inappropriate diagnosis and treatment plan.Methods  We quantified the accuracy of CT in identifying a dehiscence of the superior semicircular canal in a cadaver model using microCT as a gold standard. The superior canals of 11 cadaver heads were blue lined. Twelve of the 22 ears were further drilled to create fenestrations of varying sizes. Heads were imaged using medical CT, followed by microCT scans of the temporal bones at 18‐μm resolution. Diagnosis of dehiscence and measurements of dehiscence size were performed on clinical CT and compared with that of microCT.Results  Clinical CT identified 7 of 8 intact canals as dehiscent and tended to overestimate the size of smaller fenestrations, particularly those surrounded by thin bone.Conclusion  These findings confirm that medical CT cannot be used as the exclusive gold standard for SSCD and that, particularly for small dehiscences on CT, clinical symptoms must be clearly indicative of a dehiscence before surgical treatment is undertaken. Preoperative counselling for small dehiscences may need to include the possibility that no dehiscence may be found despite radiologic evidence for it.
Geographies of Peace and Antiviolence
Authors: Loyd Jenna M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractGeography’s ties with war‐making, territorial and imperial conquest are well known. Geography has also made contributions to the study of peace. In recent years, geographers have been engaged in a rich debate over the relations between studies of war and peace and the conceptual and methodological frameworks for approaching studies of violence. This paper reviews the vibrant recent literature on geographies of peace, which features two striking points of consensus. First, peace must be understood as a process. Second, defining peace is a question of defining violence. These points of consensus, in turn, raise questions about research sites and methods. To flesh out some of these issues, this paper turns to Galtung’s theorizing on peace and structural violence. The concept of structural violence has been very influential, but remains undertheorized. The third section, in turn, details feminist theories and methods of researching violence that challenge undifferentiated landscapes of war, peace and structural violence. The fourth section illustrates the ideas of peace as a process and epistemologies of violence by way of example. I sketch the context and terms through which “antiviolence” organizing emerged in the United States over the past 30 years. Antiviolence, as developed most centrally by antiracist, feminist activists and theorists, offers not only a powerful analytic for understanding connections among forms of violence and uneven spaces of harm and well‐being, but also a practical way of bridging spheres of organizing that might otherwise remain discrete. I conclude by offering implications drawn from antiviolence praxis for geographic studies of war and peace.
The Spaces, Politics, and Cultural Economies of Electronic Dance Music
Authors: Fraser Alistair 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis paper examines the spaces, politics, and cultural economies of electronic dance music (EDM). I use geographical literature on EDM to argue that its hedonistic spaces have been forged via cultural economic practices which I conceptualize as constitutive of a process of ‘accumulation by cooperation’. In numerous contexts, the people of EDM – the DJs, producers, MCs, artists, promoters, and ravers – have chipped in, worked alongside each other, collaborated, and shared ideas, emotions, and knowledge with a view to producing and re‐producing cultural economies and hedonistic spaces shot through by a complex, contradictory politics.
Dietary Chlorophyll Metabolites Catalyze the Photoreduction of Plasma Ubiquinone
Authors: Qu Jinfeng , Ma Li , Zhang Junhua , Jockusch Steffen , Washington Ilyas 
Published: August 2012

AbstractUbiquinol is a plasma antioxidant. The mechanisms responsible for maintenance of plasma ubiquinol are poorly understood. Here, we show that metabolites of chlorophyll can be found in blood plasma of animals that are given a chlorophyll‐rich diet. We also show that these metabolites catalyze the reduction of plasma ubiquinone to ubiquinol in the presence of ambient light, in vitro. We propose that dietary chlorophyll or its metabolites, together with light exposure, regulate plasma redox status through maintaining the ubiquinol pool.
Endoscopic treatment for biliary stricture after orthotopic liver transplantation: Success, recurrence and their influencing factors
Authors: Cai Xiao Bo , Zhu Feng , Wen Jian Jun , Li Lei , Zhang Ru Ling , Zhou Hui , Wan Xin Jian 
Published: August 2012

ObjectiveTo investigate the success and recurrence rates and factors influencing the effect of endoscopic therapy for patients with biliary stricture after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).MethodsData of 56 patients who underwent endoscopic therapy for biliary stricture after OLT from 2006 to 2009 were reviewed in this study. Their clinical data, laboratory parameters and endoscopic features were recorded.ResultsBiliary stricture was treated successfully in 47 patients (83.9%). Compared with those with treatment failure, there was a longer duration from OLT to initial presentations (P = 0.02) in the successful group, fewer endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) treatments (P < 0.01) and fewer stents inserted per patient (P < 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that the number of ERCP treatments per patient was negatively related with treatment success. Of the 47 patients successfully treated, stricture recurred in 13 (27.7%) during follow‐up. Compared with those without recurrence, the recurrence group had a shorter initial presentation time after OLT, higher serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and γ‐glutamyltransferase levels, higher numbers of ERCP treatments and stents used and a longer duration of treatment (P < 0.01 for all). Multivariate analysis showed that the treatment duration was a risk factor for recurrence (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.34–4.05, P < 0.01).ConclusionsEndoscopic treatment is a safe and effective modality for biliary stricture after OLT. The number of ERCP treatments per patient is negatively related with treatment success and long treatment duration was a risk factor for stricture recurrence.
Safety and Efficacy of Aliskiren/Amlodipine/Hydrochlorothiazide Triple Combination in Patients With Moderate to Severe Hypertension: A 54‐Week, Open‐Label Study
Authors: Murray Alexander V. , Koenig Wolfgang , Garcia‐Puig Juan , Patel Samir , PhD Alkaz Uddin , Zhang Jack 
Published: August 2012

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2012; 14:821–827. ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Combination antihypertensive therapies are recommended to attain blood pressure (BP) targets especially in high‐risk patients in whom rapid and pronounced BP control is essential. This 28‐ to 54‐week, open‐label, multicenter study evaluated the safety and efficacy of a triple combination, aliskiren with amlodipine and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), in patients with moderate to severe hypertension. Following a washout period of up to 4 weeks, patients received aliskiren/HCTZ 300/12.5 mg for 1 week, followed by add‐on amlodipine 5 mg for 1 week. Thereafter, the doses of amlodipine and HCTZ were doubled. The first 206 of 564 patients who completed 28 weeks of study continued for an additional 26 weeks. Safety was assessed by recording all adverse events. Efficacy variables included changes in BP from baseline to endpoint and BP control rate. Of 564 patients, 493 completed the study. Peripheral edema (9.4%), headache (5.7%), nasopharyngitis (4.1%), and bronchitis (3.7%) were reported frequently. Clinically significant reductions in mean sitting systolic BP/mean sitting diastolic BP from baseline (−34.2/−20.3 mm Hg and −37.3/−21.8 mm Hg at weeks 28 and 54, respectively) were observed. Corresponding BP control rates were 69.1% and 77.1%. The aliskiren/amlodipine/HCTZ combination in patients with moderate to severe hypertension was well tolerated and provided clinically significant BP reductions and effective BP control.
Promoting Metacognitive Skills in Intermediate Spanish: Report of a Classroom Research Project
Authors: Thompson David R. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn recent years numerous studies on language learning strategies have signaled the importance of developing students’ metacognitive skills. This article communicates findings from a classroom research project that sought to stimulate metacognitive self‐monitoring practices among college students in an intermediate‐level Spanish language course. Initially, comprehensive testing was used to promote greater use of self‐monitoring practices with modest results. Self‐monitoring practices changed more dramatically when students completed posttest reflection exercises and talked explicitly about study strategies in class. The article suggests that a small amount of explicit attention to study strategies and performance monitoring can help language students strengthen metacognitive skills. The benefits of classroom research as a means of improving student learning at the course level are also discussed.
Dental unit waterline management: historical perspectives and current trends
Authors: Garg Shushant K. , Mittal Sanjeev , Kaur Prabhmanik 
Published: August 2012

AbstractInterest in and concern about the biofilms that occur in dental waterlines have been increasing in recent years. Dental unit waterlines harbor considerable amounts of bacteria that are derived from the biofilm on the inner surface of these lines. This continuous reservoir of bacteria carries the potential of causing infection to patients and dental workers. The majority of dental procedures require the use of water for cooling instruments, irrigation, and oral rinsing, so it is extremely important that the water used in oral procedures is of a high quality. The present study illustrates the conditions in waterline tubing that favor development of biofilms, and discusses the level of risk that such microbial growth poses for both dental professionals and their patients. The different methods to circumvent this problem are reviewed, and the recent recommendations that should be adopted in the dental clinic to provide the patients with water of acceptable microbiological standards are discussed.
Gender Differences in Young Children's Temperament Traits: Comparisons Across Observational and Parent‐Report Methods
Authors: Olino Thomas M. , Durbin C. Emily , Klein Daniel N. , Hayden Elizabeth P. , Dyson Margaret W. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractEvidence supporting the continuity between child temperament and adult personality traits is accumulating. One important indicator of continuity is the presence of reliable gender differences in traits across the lifespan. A substantial literature demonstrates gender differences on certain adult personality traits and recent meta‐analytic work on child samples suggests similar gender differences for some broad and narrow domains of temperament. However, most existing studies of children rely only on parent‐report measures. The present study investigated gender differences in temperament traits assessed by laboratory observation, maternal‐report, and paternal‐report measures. Across three independent samples, behavioral observations, maternal‐report, and paternal‐report measures of temperament were collected on 463 boys and 402 girls. Across all three methods, girls demonstrated higher positive affect and fear and lower activity level than boys. For laboratory measures, girls demonstrated higher levels of sociability and lower levels of overall negative emotionality (NE), sadness, anger and impulsivity than boys. However, girls demonstrated higher levels of overall NE and sadness than boys when measured by maternal reports. Finally, girls demonstrated lower levels of sociability based on paternal reports. Results are discussed in relation to past meta‐analytic work and developmental implications of the findings.
The Development of Prosociality from Adolescence to Early Adulthood: The Role of Effortful Control
Authors: Luengo Kanacri Bernadette P. , Pastorelli Concetta , Eisenberg Nancy , Zuffianò Antonio , Caprara Gian Vittorio 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe present longitudinal study examined the development of self‐reported prosociality (i.e., the tendency to enact prosocial behaviors) from adolescence to early adulthood and its prediction from teacher‐reported effortful control (i.e., dispositional regulation) at age 13.MethodParticipants were 573 (276 girls) Italian adolescents aged approximately 13 (M = 12.98, SD = 0.80) at the first assessment and 21 (M = 21.23, SD = 0.67) at the last assessment. The study used three different cohorts recruited across ten years (from1994 to 2004) from a larger longitudinal project with a multiple‐cohort design.ResultsLatent growth curve modeling indicated that the overall level of prosociality declined until approximately age 17 with a subsequent slight rebound until age 21. Significant inter‐individual variability in developmental trends of prosociality in males and females was observed. Youths' effortful control was related to a lesser decline of prosociality in adolescence.ConclusionsBeing able to regulate one's own emotions and behaviors in early adolescence may not only affect the tendency to behave prosocially, but also counter the self‐centered tendencies observed across this phase of development.
Is Change Bad? Personality Change Is Associated with Poorer Psychological Health and Greater Metabolic Syndrome in Midlife
Authors: Human Lauren J. , Biesanz Jeremy C. , Miller Gregory E. , Chen Edith , Lachman Margie E. , Seeman Teresa E. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPersonality change is emerging as an important predictor of health and well‐being. Extending previous research, we examined whether two types of personality change, directional and absolute, are associated with both subjective and objective indicators of health. Utilizing the longitudinal Midlife in the United States survey (MIDUS) data, we examined whether both types of change over 10 years were associated with psychological well‐being, self‐reported global health, and the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) components and diagnosis. Socially undesirable personality change (e.g., becoming less conscientious and more neurotic) and absolute personality change were independently associated with worse perceived health and well‐being at Time 2. Notably, absolute personality change, regardless of the direction, was also associated with having a greater number of MetS components and a greater probability of diagnosis at Time 2. In sum, too much personality change may be bad for one's health: Socially undesirable and absolute personality change were both associated with worse psychological health and worse metabolic profiles over 10 years. These findings suggest that personality change may contribute to psychological and physical health, and provide initial insight into potential intermediate links between personality change and distal outcomes such as mortality.
Self‐Defining Memories, Scripts, and the Life Story: Narrative Identity in Personality and Psychotherapy
Authors: Singer Jefferson A. , Blagov Pavel , Berry Meredith , Oost Kathryn M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAn integrative model of narrative identity builds on a dual memory system that draws on episodic memory and a long‐term self to generate autobiographical memories. Autobiographical memories related to critical goals in a lifetime period lead to life‐story memories, which in turn become self‐defining memories when linked to an individual's enduring concerns. Self‐defining memories that share repetitive emotion‐outcome sequences yield narrative scripts, abstracted templates that filter cognitive‐affective processing. The life story is the individual's overarching narrative that provides unity and purpose over the life course. Healthy narrative identity combines memory specificity with adaptive meaning‐making to achieve insight and well‐being, as demonstrated through a literature review of personality and clinical research, as well as new findings from our own research program. A clinical case study drawing on this narrative identity model is also presented with implications for treatment and research.
Is the Jurassic (Yanshanian) intraplate tectonics of North China due to westward indentation of the North China block?
Authors: Faure Michel , Lin Wei , Chen Yan 
Published: August 2012

Terra Nova, 24, 333–338, 2012AbstractThe northern mountains of Beijing are the type locality of the Mesozoic Yanshanian orogen. Our structural study emphasizes the importance of dextral strike‐slip for the formation of this intracontinental belt. The South‐ and North‐directed thrusts are positive flower structures rooted in strike‐slip faults. This transpressional tectonics developed from Late Triassic to Late Jurassic‐Early Cretaceous through three deformation phases coeval with syntectonic sedimentation, separated by two transtensional episodes coeval with magmatism. The Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous tectonic event is also recognized in several places of North China. Strike‐slip faulting controls the deformation of the northern border of the North China block in the Yanshan‐Yinshan belt. Simultaneously, East‐directed thrusts and folds develop along N‐S elongated ranges in Helanshan, Shanxi highlands and Taihangshan. The Jurassic tectonics of the North China Block is interpreted in a unitary way as the result of the westward underthrusting of the North China block below the Alashan block.