bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Adenovirus Isolated from the Feces of Mice
Authors: Hashimoto Kazuo , Sugiyama Takiko , Sasaki Shogo 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTCytopathogenic agents have been isolated in a search for viruses in the feces of apparently healthy mice (an inbred strain DK1) by using mouse kidney tissue culture. This report is concerned with the identification of strain K87, one of our isolates, as an adenovirus. Strain K87 was cytopathogenic to mouse kidney tissue culture but not to monkey kidney tissue culture, FL, and HeLa cells. The K87 strain was not able to grow in bacterial media and was resistant to penicillin, streptomycin and tetracycline. 5‐Bromodeoxyuridine inhibited the occurrence of the cytopathogenic effect and virus replication in infected cells and the inhibitory effect was reversed by thymidine, suggesting that the virus contains DNA. Strain K87 was resistant to ethyl‐ether but did not have the property of cationic stabilization to thermal inactivation. Electronmicroscopic observations of thin‐sections of the K87‐infected cells showed virus particles in crystalline array in the nuclei. Each virus particle was an icosahedron of about 75 mμ in diameter composed of 252 capsomeres, and without an envelope. By the complement fixation test, K87 was related serologically to a human adenovirus. All the facts indicate that strain K87 belongs to the adenovirus group. The problem whether strain K87 may be a new mouse adenovirus with pathogenicity and antigenicity different from that of a mouse adenovirus previously reported by Hartley and Rowe is discussed.
Further Studies on the Effect of 5‐Iododeoxyuridine on Polyoma Virus Multiplication in Mouse Cells
Authors: Kimura Genki , Mori Ryoichi , Amako Kazunobu 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT5‐Iododeoxyuridine (IUDR) inhibited production of infectious polyoma virus in mouse embryo cells and mouse kidney cells in culture. Deoxythymidine reversed its effect. IUDR did not inactivate infectivity of free virus particles. IUDR did not prevent adsorption and penetration of polyoma virus to cells. The events sensitive to IUDR treatment occurred at around 20 hours after infection. The cytopathic effects of polyoma virus, including emergence of DNA containing‐inclusions in the nucleus, were observable in infected cells in which viral replication was completely arrested by IUDR. It was shown by fluorescent antibody technique in infected mouse embryo cells and by complement fixation test in infected mouse kidney cells that IUDR inhibited completely the synthesis of viral antigen. No virus‐like particles were demonstrated in the IUDR‐treated infected‐mouse kidney cells by electron microscope examinations.
Response of Children to Inactivated Measles Vaccine Prepared in Bovine Renal Cell Culture
Authors: Sasai Seijiro , Kawana Rinji , Wako Hiroshi , Iwai Toshio , Kaneko Masaru , Matumoto Minoru 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTFormalin‐inactivated, alum‐adsorbed measles vaccine was readily prepared from virus grown in calf kidney cell culture infected with the Sugiyama strain of measles virus which had been adapted to this cell culture. The vaccine induced no side reaction of any consequence in vaccinated children, but demonstrated antigenic capacity in children as well as guinea pigs, comparable to that of currently used killed measles vaccines prepared from virus grown in monkey kidney or chick embryo tissue cultures. The host system employed for the preparation of this vaccine has an advantage over monkey kidney or chick embryo tissue cultures which are currently used for manufacture of killed measles vaccine. Bovine kidneys are much easier to obtain and cultivate. Of importance is the fact that calf kidneys are practically free of latent virus, whereas monkey kidneys and chick embryos frequently harbor latent viruses.
An Adenovirus Isolated from the Feces of Mice
Authors: Sugiyama Takiko , Hashimoto Kazuo , Sasaki Shogo 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTExperimental infection of an inbred strain of DK1 mice was carried out with a mouse adenovirus strain K87, isolated from the feces of apparently healthy DK1 mice. Strain K87 was orally administered to four‐week‐old mice and the virus was recovered from their feces for at least 3 weeks. The highest virus titers in the feces were observed between 1 and 2 weeks after inoculation. In 7‐week‐old mice the period of virus excretion was about one week shorter. When neonatal or 2‐week‐old mice were administered virus orally, somewhat irregular results but similar to those from the 4 or 7‐week‐old mice were obtained. In these infected mice, virus growth was detected in the intestinal tract but not in oropharyngeal washings, nasal tissue, lung, spleen or urine. After inoculation through several parenteral routes, the virus was also detected in the feces and virus growth seemed to be limited mainly to the intestinal tract. No clinical manifestations were observed in any infected mice. When the virus was almost undetectable in the mice infected either orally or parenterally, the virus was readministered orally, but no further virus was recovered in the feces. Neutralizing antibody in the serum was detected 3 weeks after primary inoculation. Induction of immunological tolerance was examined by inoculating mice in utero 2–4 days before birth, but no evidence of induced tolerance was obtained. The use of the adenovirus strain K87‐mouse system as a model system for the study of the infectious process and immune mechanisms is suggested because strain K87 has a tissue tropism analogous to many human adenoviruses.
Drug Resistance of Enteric Bacteria
Authors: Tanaka Tokumitsu , Hashimoto Hajime , Nagai Yutaka , Mitsuhashi Susumu 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTDrug resistance of 3,000 Shigella strains isolated in 1965 were investigated. These strains originated from 10 City Hospitals and 4 Prefectural Health Centers, which are located in different parts of Japan. One hundred and seventy strains which were resistant to 4 drugs, chloramphenicol (CM), tetracycline (TC), dihydrostreptomycin (SM), and sulfanilamide (SA), were selected at random from these stock cultures in this laboratory and the distribution of R factors in these isolates was examined. It was found that the strains all harbored R factors which were capable of transferring drug resistance by usual conjugal process. Among the strains carrying R factors, 85 per cent harbored a single type of R factor and 15 per cent carried two types of R factor in a cell. The latter is called the hetero‐R state. Among the strains in the hetero‐R state, isolation of strains harboring both R (SM.SA) and R (TC.CM.SM.SA) factors was most frequent. It was found that 25 R (SM.SA) factors isolated from strains in hetero‐R had the genetic determinant iR−, while most of the R (TC.CM.SM.SA) factors isolated from natural sources were iR+. When two types of R factor, R (SM.SA) and R (TC.CM.SM.SA) derived from the same host cells, were brought together in a host cell by superinfection with both factors, they were found to exist stably in a host bacterium. These results confirmed the stable existence of both factors in Shigella strains isolated from dysenteric patients.
Drug Resistance of Enteric Bacteria
Authors: Egawa Ryuki , Sawai Tetsuo , Mitsuhashi Susumu 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTFive R factors capable of conferring resistance to ampicillin, together with resistance to 4 other drugs, tetracycline (TC), chloramphenicol (CM), streptomycin (SM) and sulfanilamide (SA), were found in Escherichia coli strains isolated from clinical sources. Ampicillin resistance was due to synthesis of penicillinase in the host bacterium which harbored the R factor. The penicillinases produced by three R factors were similar each other in their substrate specificity and were also similar to the enzyme reported by previous workers. The penicillinases produced by 2 other R factors were found to be greatly difierent from penicilhnases reported thus far. The latter were shown to hydrolyse ampicillin and cloxacillin efficiently, but penicillin‐G and 6‐aminopenicillanic acid to a lesser extent.
On the Immunochemical and Biochemical Studies of Fungi
Authors: Suzuki Shigeo , Suzuki Masuko , Yokota Katsushi , Sunayama Hiroyoshi , Sakaguchi Osamu 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe nature of the cross reaction of the mycelial mannan of Trichophyton rubrum and galactomannan isolated from the culture medium of Aspergillus fumigatus with antisera of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans is described. Cross‐reactivity of polysaccharides of both T. rubrum and A. fumigatus was weak with antisera of C. albicans and S. cerevisiae, but the galactomannan of A. fumigatus showed slightly stronger activity than the mannan of T. rubrum which possesses more closely related chemical structure of the mannans of S. cerevisiae and C. albicans.
Primary Culture of Human Embryonic Kidney Cells as the Medium for Isolation of ECHO 6 Virus
Authors: Kawana Rinji , Yoshida Shinji , Tsunokake Shigeru 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTA large epidemic of aseptic meningitis due to ECHO 6 virus swept over Japan in the summer months of 1965. In our studies on 89 cases of aseptic meningitis in the epidemic, primary culture of human embryonic kidney cells was shown to provide a highly sensitive host system for isolation of ECHO 6 virus from clinical materials. Virus was recovered from cerebrospinal fluid in 72% of 89 cases, from throat swabs in 64% of 36 cases, and from rectal swabs in 59% of 37 cases. Most significant is the finding that the rate of virus isolation from cerebrospinal fluid in this host system was considerably higher as compared with that obtained by other investigators in other host systems such as primary monkey kidney cells or human amniotic cells (primary or EL). This finding should be emphasized particularly because isolation of a virus from cerebrospinal fluid, in contrast to throat secretions or feces, is of much greater importance in establishing the etiologic relationship to the disease in the diagnosis of aseptic meningitis. The neutralization test was shown to be efficient in detecting ECHO 6 virus infection; acute serums should be taken preferably by the 4th day of illness and convalescent serums in the second week. Epidemiologic findings, such as the predominance of male patients and occurrence of the epidemic in summer months, generally coincide with the previous reports. However, our cases were in much younger age groups in contrast with the previous reports; 90% of our 89 patients were 6 years of age or younger, and 15 children or 17% were less than 1 year of age, including 3 less than 6 months of age. The clinical observations on our cases confirmed the previous reports.
Studies on the Antigenic Activity of Yeasts
Authors: Suzuki Shigeo , Sunayama Hiroyoshi , Saito Takeshi 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTIn order to determine the determinant antigenic group of the mannan of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a series of inhibition tests were carried out employing oligosaccharides which separated from the acetolyzate and the hydrolyzate of the mannan. Tetraose, Man α1→3 Man α1→2 Man α→2 Man2, corresponding to the structure of the longer branching moieties of the mannan showed the strongest inhibition, while the isomer, Man α1→6 Man α1→6 Man, corresponding to the core moiety, produced only one‐tenth the inhibition of the former. This provides evidence that the branching moieties of the mannan play important role in combining with antibody. The fact that the disaccharide, Man α→3, showed significantly stronger inhibition than those of the other disaccharides, Man α1→2 Man and Man α1→6 Man, indicates that the most important part of the determinant group of the mannan is α1→3 linked D‐mannose residue. The antigenic inactivity of the periodate‐oxidized mannan containing unoxidized mannose residues indicates that the presence of 3‐O‐substituted‐D‐mannose residues adjacent to the D‐mannose residues and joined with α1→d2 linkages, are essential to fit the combining site of the antibody.
Effect of Endogenous Interferon and Actinomycin D on Growth of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Chick Embryo Cells
Authors: Yamazaki Shudo 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTAn attenuated virus strain (V423) showed lower multiplication in chick embryo (CE) cells than the original virus strain (Hotta) from which the V423 strain was derived. Both strains induced some amounts of interferon before their infectivity reached a maximum titer. Thirty‐two units of interferon were detected between 24 and 48 hr after infection. While no significant difference was seen in the interferon production between the V423 and Hotta strains, the V423 strain was shown to be much more sensitive to interferon. The lower growth of the V423 strain, therefore, may be explained at least partially by the inhibitory effect of endogenous interferon. This hypothesis was further supported by evidence that actinomycin D (0.2 μg/ml) enhanced the virus growth, presumably as a result of inhibiting interferon formation. This enhancement, however, was revealed only after more than 24 hr postinfection. Within the first 24 hr some slight decrease in the virus growth was observed in actinomycin D‐treated cells. This inhibitory effect of actinomycin D showed a dose response in a confirmatory experiment with different concentrations of the antibiotic.
Bovine Adenovirus
Authors: Inaba Yuji , Tanaka Yoshio , Sato Kunihiko , Ito Hiroshi , Ito Yasuichiro , Omori Tuneyoshi , Matumoto Minoru 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTNine strains of an adenovirus serotype were recovered in bovine testicle cell cultures from Japanese cattle suffering with an acute febrile illness accompanied by rhinorrhea and diarrhea. The isolated virus was shown to have the physicochemical properties of the adenovirus group such as the nucleic acid type, the size and ultrastructure of the virion, and the resistance to ether and chloroform. The isolated virus produced eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies characteristic of adenoviruses and the group specific antigen of adenovirus in bovine testicle cell culture. According to the results of cross‐neutralization tests the isolated virus represents a serological type distinct from bovine adenovirus types 1, 2 and 3 and from the Nagano virus. The isolated virus agglutinated erythrocytes of cattle, sheep, goat, guinea pig, rat, hamster and mouse, but not those of vervet monkey, horse, goose and chicken. HI test using cattle erythrocytes corroborated the results of serological typing by neutralization tests.
Bovine Diarrhea Virus
Authors: Matumoto Minoru , Inaba Yuji , Tanaka Yoshio , Omori Tuneyoshi 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe bovine diarrhea (BD) virus isolates from Japanese cattle induced an acute illness in experimentally inoculated calves. The disease was characterized by pyrexia, anorexia and depression; most characteristic were a diphasic temperature reaction accompanied by leukopenia and rarity of respiratory and alimentary symptoms and signs. The isolates also induced a similar disease in adult cows. The results of virus reisolation indicated the systemic nature of the infection and viremia was found to be a common feature. Rises of neutralizing antibody titer against BD virus were demonstrated. Infected lactating cows showed diminished lactation accompanied by virus shedding in milk. In infected pregnant cows the fetuses were also infected with virus. The analysis of the present data together with those in the literature indicates that although there are natural cases of the viral diarrhea‐mucosal disease complex caused by BD virus, it seems necessary to evaluate the relative importance of BD virus in the etiology of the syndrome complex. Further the possibility exists that some other agent (s) may be involved in the syndrome complex or that BD virus may induce other clinical conditions.
Antibacterial Action of Decamethylenebis‐(4‐Amino‐5,6,7,8‐Tetrahydroquinaldinium) Acetate against Escherichia coli
Authors: Kobayashi Fujio , Tokunaga Miwako 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTAn investigation of the antibacterial action of decamethylenebis‐(4‐amino‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydroquinaldinium) acetate (THQ‐Ac), a new antimicrobial compound, against Escherichia coli in comparison with the commonly available surface active agents was conductecl. At high concentration, THQ‐Ac inhibited synthesis of protein and nucleic acid in E. coli; its action, however, was not highly specific. Leakage of cellular constituents took place by the action of THQ‐Ac but the amount of leakage was not as great as that induced by the same concentration of cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Cationic agents, such as CTAB and benzalkonium chloride, caused the lysis of the spheroplast of E. coli, whereas THQ‐Ac did not. Additionally, adsorption of THQ‐Ac to the cell‐wall of E. coli also was investigated. According to our results, the site of action of THQ‐Ac was considered to be the surface of bacterial cells, and it seemed to possess somewhat different activities from the other surface active agents.
Fine Structure of Strictly Anaerobic, Non‐Spore‐Forming, Gram‐Negative Bacilli
Authors: Ushijima Tsutomu 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe cell division of a strain of Bacteroides convexus was examined by the ultrathin sectioning and the electron microscopy. The cell division was initiated by the invagination of the cytoplasmic membrane from the opposite sites at the middle of the cell. The constriction of the cell wall also occurred simultaneously or soon after the initiation of the invagination of the cytoplasmic membrane. A short septum structure similar to those of gram positive bacteria originated within the base of mesosome. The two mesosomes arising from the opposite sites fused at the center of the cell. After the tips of invaginating outer membrane reached to the middle between cell center and original outer membrane, the mesosomes were reduced gradually and finally disappeared. In this stage of the cell division, a transverse septum was usually completed. The invagination of the outer membrane proceeded progressively and finally fused at the center of the division plane.
Comparative Sensitivity of Various Tissue Cultures for Isolation of Coxsackievirus B3
Authors: Kawana Rinji , Matsumoto Ichiro 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTAttempted virus isolation from fecal specimens using four different cell cultures in parallel: primary human embryonic kidney (PHEK) cells, human embryonic lung diploid (DHEL) cells, human cancer HEp‐2 cell line and African green monkey kidney VERO cell line. Of 266 rectal swabs obtained from children, ages 0 to 11 from a small town in northern Honshu during August 1966, 74 (27.8%) yielded viral isolates. These included 58 coxsackievirus B3, 7 coxsackievirus B4, 3 echovirus 6, 3 adenoviruses, and 3 unidentified isolates. Of special interest is that practically no clinical disease was associated with this evident outbreak of coxsackievirus B3 infection. Our results provide evidence that HEp‐2 and VERO cells are most sensitive, PHEK cells are less sensitive, DHEL cells are the least sensitive for isolation of coxsackievirus B3, isolation rates were 19.2, 12.8, and 7.5%, respectively. Sensitivity differences were revealed by time of appearance and rapidity of progress of the cytopathic effect, and the infectious titer attained in the passages of the isolates.
Rapid Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Microbial Volatile Metabolites
Authors: Yoshioka Masanori , Kitamura Miyoshi , Tamura Zenzo 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTA direct injection of various culture supernatants into a column of Porapak Q was investigated as a rapid and simple technique for gas chromatographic analysis of volatile metabolites produced by microorganisms. The usual metabolites such as methanol, ethanol, formic acid, 2‐propanol (or acetone), 1‐propanol, acetic acid, diacetyl, 1‐butanol, propionic acid, acetoin, butyric acid, 2,3‐butanediol and lactic acid were detected without any pretreatment. It was demonstrated that most strains of Bifidobacterium bifidum (Lactobacillus bifidus) produced both acetic acid and lactic acid which contrasts with results from Escherichia coli and other Lactobacilli.
Titration and Extensive Serial Passages of Yaba Virus In Vitro
Authors: Tsuchiya Yoshiki , Tagaya Isamu , Tsuruhara Takashi 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTA sensitive assay system of Yaba virus (YV) was established in a cynomolgus monkey kidney cell line, JINET, in which the virus caused multilayered cellular foci countable even with the unaided eye. The specificity of the foci induced by YV in these cells was demonstrated by (1) the focus‐forming ability was destroyed by heating at 60 C for 12 min; (2) the focus formation was inhibited by specific antiserum; (3) specific fluorescence was detected only in cells composing the foci when tested by fluorescent antibody technique; (4) a linear relationship was observed between the virus concentration and the number of foci formed; (5) YV preparation passed 20 times in JINET cells still possessed “tumorigenicity” in cynomolgus monkeys. The sensitivity of JINET cells to YV was comparable to that of cynomolgus monkeys, and YV was successively propagated in JINET cells with 2 log increase in infectivity titer during over 40 serial passages. Application of this assay system to growth kinetic studies of YV and quantitation of neutralizing antibody to YV is also discussed.
The Structure of Tobacco Mosaic Virus from Base Analogue Treated Tobacco Leaves
Authors: Nomura Akira , Taniguchi Takeshi , Hirai Tokuzo 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTStructure of TMV containing the base analogues such as 2‐thiouracil, 8‐azaguanine, and 5‐fluorouracil was studied. TMV containing these analogues had the same anion‐exchange chromatographic properties as had normal TMV, and 2‐thiouracil was incorporated into TMV particles, probably into TMV‐RNA. Cation‐exchange chromatographic properties of TMV containing these analogues had no significant difference as compared with those of normal TMV. TMV containing 2‐thiouracil was more stable to alkali degradation than normal TMV. Alkali‐degraded TMV containing 2‐thiouracil and normal TMV was characterized by chromatography. These results suggest that not surface structure but internal structure of TMV containing 2‐thiouracil was different from that of normal TMV.
Germination of B. anthracis Spores in the Peritoneal Cavity of Rats and Establishment of Anthrax
Authors: Hachisuka Yoetsu 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTMost of spores of B. anthracis introduced into the peritoneal cavity of rats could germinate when 5 mg of L‐alanine and 5 mg of adenosine were injected by the same route shortly before the spore injection. However the spores hardly germinated in untreated rats. To develop vegetative cells after spore germination, 1 ml of an aqueous solution containing 1% casamino acid and 1% of yeast extract was injected into the peritoneal cavity of rats before injection of 55×107 spores of B. anthracis. A few germinated spores and vegetative cells were seen in ascites, but their numbers were not enough to kill the rats. In order to produce a rapid germination and development to vegetative cells in a short time, 1 ml of solution containing 1% of casamino acid, 1% of yeast extract, 5 mg of L‐alanine and 5 mg of adenosine was injected before intraperitoneal administration of spore suspension. Spore germination and vegetative growth were tremendous and all of rats died within 24 hours. From these results it was concluded that the natural resistance of the rat for B. anthracis is partly due to unfavorable internal conditions for spore germination and subsequent vegetative growth.