bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Tool Supporting the Extraction of Angling Effort Data from Remote Camera Images
Authors: Greenberg Saul , Godin Theresa 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Estimating angling effort on more than a few lakes can be prohibitively expensive using creel surveys and often requires finer-scale angler distribution data than aerial surveys can provide. An alternate method uses remote cameras to capture images of lakes at hourly intervals over long time periods. Technicians then visually analyze the thousands of generated images for features of interest (e.g., angler counts and environmental conditions) and use those data to estimate angling effort. The problem is that the visual analysis step is time-consuming, expensive, and difficult to validate. Consequently, we elicited the strategies and best practices technicians used when analyzing images and identified bottlenecks. We then designed software, called Timelapse to better support image analysis. In use for several years, Timelapse has proven a cost-effective method of estimating angling effort in British Columbia's small lakes fisheries; it significantly eases a technician's workflow and doubles the number of images one can process per hour.
La estimación del esfuerzo de pesca con anzuelo que se realiza en varios lagos mediante muestreos en puerto, puede llegar a tener costos prohibitivos y suele requerir una información más fina sobre la distribución del esfuerzo que la que proveen los muestreos aéreos. Un método alternativo se basa en la captura de imágenes de los lagos usando cámaras remotas, tomadas cada hora durante largos periodos. Posteriormente, los cientos de imágenes generadas son analizadas visualmente por los técnicos con el fin de detectar características de interés (v.g. conteo de pescadores y condiciones ambientales) y esta información se usa para estimar el esfuerzo de pesca. El problema es que el análisis visual consume mucho tiempo, es caro y difícil de validar. En consecuencia, en este trabajo se elucidan las estrategias y mejores prácticas que el personal técnico utiliza al analizar las imágenes e identificar cuellos de botella. Posteriormente se diseña un programa llamado Timelapse, como apoyo para el análisis de imágenes. Habiendo sido utilizado por varios años, Timelapse ha mostrado ser un método efectivo en cuanto a costos para estimar el esfuerzo en pesquerías de pequeños lagos en la Columbia Británica; alivia de forma importante el flujo de trabajo del personal técnico y duplica el número de imágenes que pueden procesarse en una hora.
Analysis
Authors: Drabkin William 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
This chapter discusses the problems of applying contemporary techniques of music analysis to a genre that embraces not only sound but also spectacle and, above all, drama. It describes the nature of the problems that arise when operatic music, be it a single “number” or an entire work, is the subject of close reading. It then discusses a variety of approaches taken since the 1970s to operas by Mozart, Wagner, and Verdi; these include Schenkerian (voice-leading) graphing and readings based on musical topoi, on the poetic design of the text, on composers’ sketches and autographs, and on the manipulation of operatic convention. Aspects of form, motive, and tonality are discussed in greater detail in parts of Le nozze di Figaroand the Ring.
How Opera Traveled
Authors: Stein Louise K. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractChapter 38 examines the itineraries of opera in the early modern period, focusing on the motivations, politics, and objectives of the producers and sponsors who paid for the travels of opera and the recruitment of opera singers. Travel was not only essential to the spread of opera within Italy and beyond, but also integral to the survival of the genre. Opera proved itself adaptable, but the model that was developed especially for the business of public opera in Venice was the genre most frequently heard elsewhere. In Madrid and the Spanish dominions, however, opera was only rarely performed before the mid-eighteenth century because partly sung genres were preferred and more easily produced within the well-honed mechanisms of Hispanic theatrical production. Nevertheless, in 1701 opera reached the Americas, and shortly thereafter audiences in London heard the first public performances by virtuoso Italian singers, including castrati.
Tacit Collusion in Oligopoly
Authors: Green Edward J. , Marshall Robert C. , Marx Leslie M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis chapter examines the economics literature on tacit collusion in oligopoly markets and take steps toward clarifying the relation between economists’ analysis of tacit collusion and those in the legal literature. The chapter provides an example to motivate the idea that collusive profits can be achieved via tacit coordination in an environment where there is a unique, salient way for colluders to maximize and distribute their joint profits. It also surveys the obstacles to obtaining above-competitive profits in less straightforward environments without having recourse to explicit communication.
Auctions and Bid Rigging
Authors: McAfee R. Preston , Williams Michael , Hendricks Kenneth 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis chapter surveys the theoretical and empirical literature on bid rigging in auctions. In particular, it reviews the theory and practice of bidding rings in one-shot auctions and in repeated auctions. The main theme is how the type of auction, whether it is first-price or second-price, sealed bid or oral, affects the incentive of bidders to collude and the way in which they collude.
Liquidity
Authors: Bouwman Christa H. S. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLiquidity creation is a core function of banks and an economic service of substantial importance to the economy. This chapter reviews and synthesizes the theoretical and empirical literature on bank liquidity creation. The focus is on the economics of bank liquidity creation, both in the traditional relationship banking context and in the shadow banking context. The related prudential regulation issues—pertaining mainly to capital requirements and liquidity requirements—are also discussed. A historical overview is provided, starting in the early 1800s and ending with Basel III and the Dodd–Frank Act. Open research questions are identified.
The Role of Banks in the Transmission of Monetary Policy
Authors: Peek Joe , Rosengren Eric S. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe transmission of monetary policy, especially in light of recent events, has received increased attention, especially with respect to the efficacy of the bank lending channel. Evidence is presented on the effectiveness of the bank lending channel both in the United States and abroad. The chapter then provides observations about the likely consequences for the effectiveness of the lending channel of the changes in the financial environment associated with the recent financial crisis.
Regulation and Supervision
Authors: Kane Edward J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis chapter shows that government credit-allocation schemes generate incentive conflicts that undermine the quality of bank supervision and eventually produce a banking crisis. For political reasons, most countries establish a regulatory culture that embraces three economically contradictory elements: politically directed subsidies to selected bank borrowers; subsidized provision of explicit or implicit repayment guarantees for the creditors of firms that participate in the credit-allocation scheme; and defective government monitoring and control of the distribution of burdens and subsidies that the other two elements produce. In the years leading up to the crisis of 2008, technological change and regulatory competition simultaneously encouraged incentive-conflicted supervisors to outsource much of their due discipline to credit-rating firms and encouraged lenders to securitize their loans in ways that pushed credit risks on poorly underwritten loans into corners of the universe where supervisors and credit-ratings firms would not see them.
Banking Crises
Authors: Caprio Gerard , Honohan Patrick 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe history of banking around the world has been punctuated by frequent systemic crises. As with Tolstoy’s “unhappy families,” not all crises are the same; distinct roles have been played at different times by mismanagement, government interference, and macroeconomic shocks. This review identifies common features of crises in recent decades and describes how costly they have been in terms of their fiscal burden and the impact on macroeconomic growth. It proceeds to outline the conceptual issues identified by theoreticians and considers appropriate policy responses. Although the crisis that began in 2007 and the euro sovereign debt crisis are claimed to be mostly new, we find key elements that are painfully familiar in each. Brief lessons for regulation are provided.
Banking in Latin America
Authors: De Carvalho Fernando J. Cardim , De Paula Luiz Fernando , Williams Jonathan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBanking sectors in Latin America have been subject to an extensive financial liberalization process, which has involved interest rate deregulation, bank privatization, and the repeal of restrictions on foreign bank entry, in addition to other liberalizing reforms pertaining to the macro economy and balance of payments. As a result of these policies, banking sectors have become more consolidated and there has been a change in the governance structure of banking sectors as foreign bank penetration has deepened. This chapter discusses the factors contributing to the recent rise in bank consolidation, and it considers the effects that increased concentration and foreign bank penetration have had on the competitiveness and efficiency of banking sectors across the region to date.
X-ray study of the supernova remnant G337.2−0.7
Authors: Takata Akihiro , Nobukawa Masayoshi , Uchida Hiroyuki , Tsuru Takeshi Go , Tanaka Takaaki , Koyama Katsuji 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
This paper reports on the Suzaku result of the Galactic supernova remnant (SNR) G337.2−0.7. The X-ray spectrum is well explained by three components in ionizing phase. One is a plasma with a low temperature $kT = 0.70_{-0.03}^{+0.02}\:$keV, solar abundances, and an ionization parameter $n_{\rm e}t = 5.7^{+0.7}_{-0.4}\times 10^{11}\:$s cm−3. The second is a middle-temperature plasma with $kT = 1.54^{+0.13}_{-0.02}\:$keV and high metal abundances in a highly ionized state of $n_{\rm e}t = 3.6^{+0.2}_{-0.5}\times 10^{11}\:$s cm−3, and the third is a high-temperature plasma with $kT = 3.1^{+0.2}_{-0.1}\:$keV and high metal abundances in a low-ionized state of $n_{\rm e}t=2.1^{+0.4}_{-0.2}\times 10^{10}\:$s cm−3. The high metal-abundance plasmas are likely to be of an ejecta origin, while the solar abundance plasma would be of an interstellar-gas origin. The abundance pattern and mass of the ejecta confirm that G337.2−0.7 is a remnant of a Type Ia supernova (SN). The derived Fe mass of ejecta MFe = 0.025–0.039 M⊙ is far smaller than that expected from any Type Ia model, suggesting that most Fe has not yet been heated by the reverse shock. The ejecta has enhanced distribution in the northeastern region compared to the central region, and therefore the SN explosion or SNR evolution would be asymmetric.
Hyperinsulinemic Normoglycemia Does Not Meaningfully Improve Myocardial Performance during Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Duncan Andra E. , Kateby Kashy Babak , Sarwar Sheryar , Singh Akhil , Stenina-Adognravi Olga , Christoffersen Steffen , Alfirevic Andrej , Sale Shiva , Yang Dongsheng , Thomas James D. , Gillinov Marc , Sessler Daniel I. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAbstract
Administration of glucose and insulin while targeting normoglycemia during aortic valve replacement did not meaningfully improve myocardial function.
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Background:
Glucose–insulin–potassium (GIK) administration during cardiac surgery inconsistently improves myocardial function, perhaps because hyperglycemia negates the beneficial effects of GIK. The hyperinsulinemic normoglycemic clamp (HNC) technique may better enhance the myocardial benefits of GIK. The authors extended previous GIK investigations by (1) targeting normoglycemia while administering a GIK infusion (HNC); (2) using improved echocardiographic measures of myocardial deformation, specifically myocardial longitudinal strain and strain rate; and (3) assessing the activation of glucose metabolic pathways.

Methods:
A total of 100 patients having aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis were randomly assigned to HNC (high-dose insulin with concomitant glucose infusion titrated to normoglycemia) versus standard therapy (insulin treatment if glucose >150 mg/dl). The primary outcomes were left ventricular longitudinal strain and strain rate, assessed using speckle-tracking echocardiography. Right atrial tissue was analyzed for activation of glycolysis/pyruvate oxidation and alternative metabolic pathways.

Results:
Time-weighted mean glucose concentrations were lower with HNC (127 ± 19 mg/dl) than standard care (177 ± 41 mg/dl; P < 0.001). Echocardiographic data were adequate in 72 patients for strain analysis and 67 patients for strain rate analysis. HNC did not improve myocardial strain, with an HNC minus standard therapy difference of −1.2% (97.5% CI, −2.9 to 0.5%; P = 0.11). Strain rate was significantly better, but by a clinically unimportant amount: −0.16 s−1 (−0.30 to −0.03 s−1; P = 0.007). There was no evidence of increased glycolytic, pyruvate oxidation, or hexosamine biosynthetic pathway activation in right atrial samples (HNC, n = 20; standard therapy, 22).

Conclusion:
Administration of glucose and insulin while targeting normoglycemia during aortic valve replacement did not meaningfully improve myocardial function.
When does high-dose antimicrobial chemotherapy prevent the evolution of resistance?
Authors: Day Troy , Read Andrew F. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractHigh-dose chemotherapy has long been advocated as a means of controlling drug resistance in infectious diseases but recent empirical and theoretical studies have begun to challenge this view. We show how high-dose chemotherapy engenders opposing evolutionary processes involving the mutational input of resistant strains and their release from ecological competition. Whether such therapy provides the best approach for controlling resistance therefore depends on the relative strengths of these processes. These opposing processes lead to a unimodal relationship between drug pressure and resistance emergence. As a result, the optimal drug dose always lies at either end of the therapeutic window of clinically acceptable concentrations. We illustrate our findings with a simple model that shows how a seemingly minor change in parameter values can alter the outcome from one where high-dose chemotherapy is optimal to one where using the smallest clinically effective dose is best. A review of the available empirical evidence provides broad support for these general conclusions. Our analysis opens up treatment options not currently considered as resistance management strategies, and greatly simplifies the experiments required to determine the drug doses which best retard resistance emergence in patients.Significance StatementThe evolution of antimicrobial resistant pathogens threatens much of modern medicine. For over one hundred years, the advice has been to ‘hit hard’, in the belief that high doses of antimicrobials best contain resistance evolution. We argue that nothing in evolutionary theory supports this as a good rule of thumb in the situations that challenge medicine. We show instead that the only generality is to either use the highest tolerable drug dose or the lowest clinically effective dose; that is, one of the two edges of the therapeutic window. This approach suggests treatment options not currently considered, and greatly simplifies the experiments required to identify the dose that best retards resistance evolution.
Cpipe: a shared variant detection pipeline designed for diagnostic settings
Authors: Sadedin Simon P , Dashnow Harriet , James Paul A , Bahlo Melanie , Bauer Denis C , Lonie Andrew , Lunke Sebastian , Macciocca Ivan , Ross Jason P , Siemering Kirby R , Stark Zornitza , White Susan M ,   Melbourne Genomics Health Alliance, Taylor Graham , Gaff Clara , Oshlack Alicia , Thorne Natalie P 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe benefits of implementing high throughput sequencing in the clinic are quickly becoming apparent. However, few freely available bioinformatics pipelines have been built from the ground up with clinical genomics in mind. Here we present Cpipe, a pipeline designed specifically for clinical genetic disease diagnostics. Cpipe was developed by the Melbourne Genomics Health Alliance, an Australian initiative to promote common approaches to genomics across healthcare institutions. As such, Cpipe has been designed to provide fast, effective and reproducible analysis, while also being highly flexible and customisable to meet the individual needs of diverse clinical settings. Cpipe is being shared with the clinical sequencing community as an open source project and is available athttp://cpipeline.org.
The Modelery: a model-based software development repository
Authors: Couto Rui , Ribeiro António Manuel Nestor , Freitas de Campos José Francisco Creissac 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to present the Modelery, a platform for collaborative repository to support model-based software development. The Modelery is a Web platform, composed both by a Web page and Web services for interoperability.

Design/methodology/approach
– By performing a study in the existing platforms, it was possible to achieve a set of issues to tackle. The issues enabled the possibility to define a set of requirements that allowed the authors to design a new platform, and to perform a model-driven software development process, which started from the requirements until reaching the final software solution.

Findings
– With this work, it was possible to perform a survey on the currently available artifacts repositories, categorize them and identify their shortcomings. This was essential to define the set of requirements for a new platform to overcome the identified issues. This process leads to a platform able to improve the currently available solutions, and validated in the scientific community. In this paper, the authors also explore the applications of the repository. First, they use the Modelery to replace an older model’s repository. Second, they have enabled the communication between other tools and the Modelery via Web services.

Originality/value
– This work presents a new Web repository for software artifacts aimed at supporting researchers and software developers. The presented platform is an improvement over other platforms on the integration of artifacts repository, social functionalities and scientific publications integration. The authors conclude this paper by comparing the achieved platform in terms of functionalities, against the other analyzed platforms.
The economic determinants of Chinese foreign direct investment in Egypt
Authors: Elshamy Hany M 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to investigate the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) by Chinese multinational enterprises (MNEs) over the period 1985-2011.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper estimates a single equation model which uses long-run co-integration analysis and short-run analysis (error correction mechanism). This paper depends on annual data collected from the World Bank and the General Authority for Investment
&
Free zones Information
&
Decision Support Division for the period 1985-2011.

Findings
– This paper found a conventional result for market size. The author infers from the significant role played by Egyptian natural resource endowments that the institutional environment has strongly shaped Chinese FDI, leading to significant natural resources-seeking FDI. The author also finds that policy liberalisation in China has had a positive influence in stimulating Chinese FDI in Egypt.

Originality/value
– Despite this model being used to estimate the determinants of FDI by Chinese MNEs in several countries, this is the first time it is being used in Egypt using a time-series analysis. Moreover, this model which has been used in this paper uses both long-run and short-run analyses.
Work-family conflict faced by international business travellers
Authors: Mäkelä Liisa , Bergbom Barbara , Saarenpää Kati , Suutari Vesa 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the direct and moderating effect of gender and parental status on the relationship between international business travel days and work-to-family conflict (WFC) among international business travellers (IBTs) on the basis of the conservation of resources theory.Design/methodology/approach– The study was conducted among 1,366 Finnish people in jobs demanding international business travel and a moderated hierarchical regression was utilised in data analysis.Findings– An increase in the number of international business travel days and being a parent is positively related to WFC. Women with dependent children experience a lower level of WFC than do men with dependent children. However, a significant interaction effect between international business travel days, parental status and gender was found that indicates that the volume of travel days increases the level of WFC for those women who have children more than it does for women who do not have children. For men, increased numbers of travel days raises levels of WFC, as does having children, but there is no interaction between travel days and parental status among men. An increased number of travel days was least critical for WFC among women without dependent children and most critical for WFC among women with dependent children However, women with dependent children were able to travel to a considerable extent before their levels of WFC overtook those of men with dependent children.Practical implications– The findings indicate that organisations should pay particular attention to developing policies and practices that take account of the family status of the traveller. In addition, to assist IBTs to cope with their WFC, attention should be paid to the intensity of work-related travel. However, gender seemed not to play a particularly important role in WFC, indicating that organisations need not be wary of recruiting both men and women into roles involving international business travel.Originality/value– This is the first study focusing on IBTs WFC that simultaneously takes account of how the intensity of business travel and both gender and parenthood are related to it.