bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technical Aids as an Economic Alternative
Authors: Moogk-Soulis Carol , McLean Jan , Perry Margret 
Published: March 2013

Interest in technical aids is growing. Occupational therapists are beginning to play a role in this area. Four programs in which occupational therapists are involved in Canada are described. The programs are: a province-wide, private agency supported program a university based research project funded by a provincial government a technical aids component of the rehabilitation program at a Regional Rehabilitation Centre. a private consulting business. The economic implications of each program are examined to determine whether the program can be justified economically and whether the occupational therapist can justify economically, adding involvement with technical aids to their existing role.
The Effects of an In-service Program upon the Attitudes of Nursing Aides
Authors: Lehman Jack J. , Vargo James W. 
Published: March 2013

Twenty-six female nursing aides were divided into two groups to determine whether an in-service training program would enhance their attitudes toward physically disabled geriatric patients requiring custodial care. The Attitude Toward Disabled Persons Questionnaire (ATDP) was administered to the experimental and control groups before and after the in-service training program. Each in-service program consisted of a lecture on a specific topic followed by informal discussion of patient care. Three research hypotheses were tested to evaluate the effectiveness of the in-service program in altering attitudes toward the physically disabled: (1) The experimental group would score higher on post-test than on pre-test; (2) The control group would not score higher on post-test than on pre-test; and (3) The experimental group would change more from pre-test to post-test than would the control group. All three research hypotheses were supported (the first at p<.005 and the third at p<.01). Limitations of the study and suggestions for further research were discussed.
Leisure Counselling
Authors: Girling K.L. 
Published: March 2013

Leisure education programmes have recently been incorporated into some grade school settings. Prior to this exciting curriculum addition however, very little education for leisure has been offered to members of our work-oriented society. Consequently, a large percentage of the population is without functional leisure skills. An occupational therapist offering leisure counselling approaches an individual holistically, recognizing that a balance of work, play and self care will result in maximal lifestyle functioning. Definitions, process descriptions, rationales and techniques of leisure counselling have been concisely outlined in a manner such that a qualified occupational therapist will be able to utilize the information in a variety of settings.
Modifications d'un fauteuil gériatrique pour multihandicapés
Authors: Lemyre-Gauthier Hélène , Gibeau-Brunelle Claudette , Paparelle Sylvie 
Published: March 2013

Ayant à faire face à plusieurs problèmes de positionnement assis chez les personnes handicapées et déficientes de l'hôpital Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine et, comme il n'existait aucun fauteuil sur le marché qui résolvait les problèmes de la clientèle visée, un fauteuil gériatrique a été modifié afin de tenter d'apporter des solutions concrètes. Les modifications apportées ont été réalisées à partir d'un fauteuil gériatrique conventionnel, disponible sur le marché et utilisé dans cet hôpital. Elles semblent répondre aux besoins des usagers primaires et secondaires. Le but de cet article est d'expliquer le cheminement parcouru pour parvenir au résultat obtenu.
Application d'un paradigme systémique à l'évaluation ergothérapique des personnes âgées
Authors: Forget Andrée 
Published: March 2013

L'ergothérapie, comme la plupart des disciplines scientifiques ou humaines, tend de plus en plus à adopter un paradigme systémique plutôt qu'un paradigme atomiste. Un modèle général fondé sur le paradigme systémique est en développement par le groupe de recherche en socio-technologie de l'adaptation. Ce modèle présente quatre composantes paradigmatiques, soit la composante épistémologique, la composante ontologique, la composante méthodologique et la composante téléologique. Le présent texte décrit le modèle général et propose une application de ce modèle à l'évaluation de la personne âgée par l'ergothérapeute.
The Scope for Occupational Therapists in the Community in the Future
Authors: Tate Stella W. 
Published: March 2013

L'auteur rapporte les expériences de quelques ergothérapeutes qui remettent en question l'efficacité de certaines modalités thérapeutiques utilisées dans des institutions traditionnelles et qui ne sont pas en rapport direct avec l'environnement domiciliaire, communautaire et culturel des clients. On dénote une tendance de la part d'ergothérapeutes à innover des programmes thérapeutiques en milieux communautaires. Ces efforts semblent concorder avec les idées exprimées par les autorités quant au mode de dispensation des soins de santé que l'on veut voir se développer au Canada. L'auteur exprime le désir de voir les futurs ergothérapeutes se préoccuper davantage des besoins sociaux des personnes handicapées. En plus d'offrir ses services traditionnels, l'ergothérapeute peut évoluer dans plusieurs domaines en tant qu'évaluateur, consultant dans les agences communautaires, écoles et autres institutions, et enseignant aux ergothérapeutes et autres membres du personnel. Afin d'effectuer ces tâches de façon efficace, l'ergothérapeute doit connaître les techniques de consultation, les théories d'apprentissage, les statistiques et la méthodologie de la recherche. Les étudiants en ergothérapie doivent être en contact avec les personnes âgées, les handicapés et les malades chroniques dans leur milieu de vie et non seulement à l'hôpital et dans des centres de réadaptation. Ils doivent être capables de comprendre l'influence des différentes cultures, des conditions éconòmiques, du stress de l'environnement afin de solutionner les problèmes des clients de façon analytique, en agissant en tant que collaborateurs plutôt qu'instructeurs. L'auteur ajoute que si les ergothérapeutes veulent demeurer utiles dans notre société à évolution rapide, ils doivent se préparer à agir comme consultants dans le système de soins plutôt que de s'en tenir à l'application de modalités thérapeutiques reliées à des pathologies spécifiques. Les ergothérapeutes doivent appliquer leur connaissance des maladies et handicaps directement en relation avec le système social plutôt que de se confiner dans des institutions de dispensation de soins. Ils doivent travailler de concert avec les autres travailleurs professionnels et non professionnels à améliorer la qualité de vie des personnes handicapées ou démunies.
Physical Disability and Depression a Methodological Consideration
Authors: Noh Samuel , Posthuma Barbara 
Published: March 2013

Evidence that the physically disabled are at substantially elevated risk for depressive symtomatology has been widely reported. This paper considers the meaning of these reports with respect to the appropriateness of using a self-report depression scale (The Center for Epidemiologic Studies of Depression: [CES-D] with a disabled population. Results clearly demonstrate that the high scores of CES-D observed for the disabled population do not derive from elevated levels of somatic symptoms or transient symptoms that might be associated with the physical limitation itself. Rather, they derive from persistent psychological symptoms, suggesting that the elevated rates of depression among physically disabled adults may be real and not an artifact of measurement bias. It was concluded that standardized self-report scales such as the CES-D may well be used effectively to screen those patients with physical disabilities who may need psychological help. Le fait que les handicapés physiques présentent un risque élevé d'être atteints de symptômes dépressifs a été abondamment publié. Cette présentation s'interroge sur la signification de ces publications en rapport avec la pertinence d'utiliser l'échelle d'autoévaluation de l'état dépressif (The Center for Epidemiologic Studies of Depression: CES-D) avec une population handicapée. Les résultats démontrent clairement que le fait pour une population handicapée d'enregistrer un pointage élevé suivant cette échelle, ne provient pas des niveaux élevés observés pour les symptômes somatiques ou transitoires qui peuvent être associés à l'incapacité physique ellemême. Ils proviennent plutôt de symptômes psychologiques persistants, portant à penser que les taux élevés de dépression chez les adultes handicapés physiquement sont véridiques et ne doivent pas être considérés comme des phénomènes artificiels issus de mesures biaisées. En conclusion, la standardisation d'une échelle d'autoévaluation telle que la CES-D peut être utilisée efficacement pour dépister les patients atteints d'incapacités physiques qui auraient besoin d'aide psychologique.
Respiratory and Head Position Influences on Late Stretch Reflexes
Authors: Clements Linda G. , Mackay William A. 
Published: March 2013

The purpose of this study was to determine the relative effects of the asymmetric tonic neck reflex (ATNR) and of respiration on the upper limb, as measured by their influence on the stretch reflexes. Long latency stretch reflexes (M2 and M3) were induced in elbow muscles of human subjects. The subject's right forearm was strapped into a manipulandum. The forearm was perturbed with a torque test pulse at a fixed interval prior to an intended forearm movement. It was found that both the M2 and M3 reflexes, in triceps or brachialis muscles were significantly increased when perturbations were delivered during inspiration as compared to expiration. Rotated head positions to the right or left could also significantly alter reflex magnitude but there was no consistent pattern among subjects. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
Teachers' Perceptions of the Role and Effectiveness of Occupational Therapists in Schools
Authors: Fairbairn Margaret , Davidson Iain 
Published: March 2013

Teachers' expectations from occupational therapists working with exceptional children in two Ontario public school boards were explored in this study. Information was obtained through a questionnaire distributed to all teachers (N = 143) who had worked with occupational therapists and personal interviews conducted with 10 of these teachers. Findings suggested that all teachers believed that there was an important role for occupational therapists in the school system. They defined this role as offering programming suggestions, consulting with school personnel, providing and adapting equipment, liaising with school, home and community, assessing, and following-up school-aged children. Teachers also suggested that occupational therapists further define their roles and responsibilities in school, for themselves, and for school personnel. Finally, teachers suggested that occupational therapists must continue to support and share their knowledge about children with special needs with teachers by providing more demonstration, and modeling of suggested occupational therapy programmes and by working with exceptional students inside the classroom, rather than outside, whenever possible.
A Description of Grip and Pinch Strength in Children Aged 6 to 11 Years Using the Martin Vigorimeter
Authors: Backman Catherine , Daniels Linda E. 
Published: March 2013

The vigorimeter is potentially a useful instrument for measuring grip and pinch strength in children. However, no normative or comparative data are supplied by the manufacturer, and only two previous studies using it to test children's hand strength could be found in the literature. The purpose of this study was to collect preliminary hand strength data in children aged 6 to 11 years. Spherical grip, tip pinch and tripod pinch strength were measured in 134 children. Graphs displaying the results suggest that, on average, strength increases with age, boys are stronger than girls, and the right hand is often (but not always) stronger than the left. While far from producing norms, this study did demonstrate that the vigorimeter has utility as an instrument for measuring grip and pinch strength in children, and provided some preliminary baseline data to assist clinicians in judging the results of hand strength tests. Le vigorimètre peut être un instrument utile pour mesurer la force de préhension grossière et la force de préhension fine chez les enfants. Cependant, le fabricant ne fournit pas de données normatives ou comparatives et on ne trouve dans la littérature que deux études dans lesquelles l'instrument a été utilisé pour évaluer la force de prehension des enfants. Le but de cette étude était de recueillir des données préliminaires sur la force de préhension des enfants âgés de 6 à 11 ans. La force de la prise palmaire sphérique, des prises digitales et des prises tridigitales a été mesurée chez 134 enfants. Les résultats présentés dans les graphiques suggèrent qu'en général la force augmente avec l'âge, les garçons sont plus forts que les filles et la main droite est souvent (mais ce n'est pas toujours le cas) plus forte que la gauche. Loin de produire des normes, cette étude a toutefois démontré que le vigorimètre est un instrument utile pour mesurer la force de préhension grossière et la force de préhension fine chez les enfants. L'étude fournit également quelques données de base préliminaires qui aideront les cliniciens à apprécier les résultats des tests sur la force de préhension.
Spirituality in a Refugee Camp
Authors: Algado Salvador Simo , Gregori Jose Maria Rodriguez , Egan Mary 
Published: March 2013

Occupational therapy intervention guided by clients' spiritual beliefs can be a powerful force for change. This paper describes an occupational therapy project with Maya Indian families returning to Guatemala after 14 years refuge in Mexico. The project was designed and carried out over a 12 month period. Its aim was to assist the families to re-adapt to village life and to establish roles and habits which would ensure a better quality of life. Mayan cosmovision was used to guide the project. The needs of the community were assessed using the model of human occupation. Community enablement was used to guide the intervention. Different problems were faced by the different age groups in the community, i.e. the children, adolescents, adults and older adults, and the project was tailored to meet the needs of each group. Outcomes of the project demonstrate the utility of occupational therapy intervention guided by client spirituality.
Parental perceptions of adolescent health behaviours: Experiences from Croatian high schools
Authors: Burusic Josip , Sakic Marija , Koprtla Natalija 
Published: March 2013

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore parental perceptions of adolescent health behaviours and to examine to what extent parents’ perceptions of their children’s health behaviours are determined by the family’s socio-demographic characteristics. Method: Participants in the study were 605 parents. They completed questionnaires in which they rated whether different health-risk behaviours were present in their children (i.e. smoking, alcohol consumption, drug use, risky sexual behaviour, insufficient physical activity, unhealthy eating habits and obesity). Parents also provided information on the family’s socio-demographic characteristics. Results: The results show that parents rate insufficient physical activity and unhealthy eating habits as the most pronounced problems in their children, while they rate risky sexual behaviour and drug use as the least pronounced. Parents estimate that insufficient physical activity and unhealthy eating habits are significantly more pronounced among girls than among boys. The results of factor analysis reveal that, from the parents’ perspective, adolescent health-risk behaviours can be grouped into those pertaining to unhealthy habits and those connected to addictive and risk behaviours. Parents rate that behaviours reflecting unhealthy lifestyle are significantly more present among girls than among boys. Regression analyses showed that a family’s living standard is the only significant predictor of unhealthy habits and addictive and risk behaviours. Conclusion: When observed from a parental perspective, adolescent health-risk behaviours can be grouped into different categories, and parents claim to observe certain differences in these behaviours between boys and girls. The most important determinant of adolescent health behaviours is a family’s living standard.
The associations between health literacy, reasons for seeking health information, and information sources utilized by Taiwanese adults
Authors: Wei Mi-Hsiu 
Published: March 2013

Objective: To determine the associations between health literacy, the reasons for seeking health information, and the information sources utilized by Taiwanese adults. Method: A cross-sectional survey of 752 adults residing in rural and urban areas of Taiwan was conducted via questionnaires. Chi-squared tests and logistic regression were used for data analysis. Results: Health literacy was found to be lower among adults who were older, with lower educational attainment, with lower household income, with blue-collar occupation, and living in rural areas. After socio-demographic characteristics were controlled for, adults with adequate health literacy were significantly more likely than adults with inadequate or marginal health literacy to report desires for health-related information, autonomous medical decision making, and finding information on their own, as reasons for seeking health information. Adults with inadequate or marginal health literacy were more likely to cite recommendations from medical professionals and hesitation to ask medical professionals questions as their reasons for seeking health information. Adults with adequate health literacy were significantly more likely than those with inadequate or marginal health literacy to obtain health information from the Internet, books, newspapers, and magazines, and were less likely to seek health information from alternative care providers. Conclusion: The findings suggest the need to consider target groups’ health literacy when developing health education programmes. More attention must be focused on providing interventions that motivate information seeking and improve information-seeking skills for adults with limited health literacy.
Panel 5: Microbiology and Immunology Panel
Authors: Murphy Timothy F. , Chonmaitree Tasnee , Barenkamp Stephen , Kyd Jennelle , Nokso‐Koivisto Johanna , Patel Janak A. , Heikkinen Terho , Yamanaka Noboru , Ogra Pearay , Swords W. Edward , Sih Tania , Pettigrew Melinda M. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveThe objective is to perform a comprehensive review of the literature from January 2007 through June 2011 on the virology, bacteriology, and immunology related to otitis media.Data SourcesPubMed database of the National Library of Medicine.Review MethodsThree subpanels with co‐chairs comprising experts in the virology, bacteriology, and immunology of otitis media were formed. Each of the panels reviewed the literature in their respective fields and wrote draft reviews. The reviews were shared with all panel members, and a second draft was created. The entire panel met at the 10th International Symposium on Recent Advances in Otitis Media in June 2011 and discussed the review and refined the content further. A final draft was created, circulated, and approved by the panel.ConclusionExcellent progress has been made in the past 4 years in advancing an understanding of the microbiology and immunology of otitis media. Advances include laboratory‐based basic studies, cell‐based assays, work in animal models, and clinical studies.Implications for PracticeThe advances of the past 4 years formed the basis of a series of short‐term and long‐term research goals in an effort to guide the field. Accomplishing these goals will provide opportunities for the development of novel interventions, including new ways to better treat and prevent otitis media.
Panel 7: Treatment and Comparative Effectiveness Research
Authors: Marchisio Paola , Chonmaitree Tasnee , Leibovitz Eugene , Lieberthal Allan , Lous Jorgen , Mandel Ellen , McCormick David , Morris Peter , Ruohola Aino 
Published: March 2013

Background and ObjectivesOtitis media (OM) is one of the most common reasons for antibiotic treatment in children. Controversies regarding antibiotic treatment for OM have accumulated in the past decade, and there seem to be more dilemmas than certainties. The objectives of this article are to provide the state‐of‐the art review on achievements in treatment of all different stages of OM, including acute otitis media (AOM), otitis media with effusion (OME), and chronic suppurative otitis media, and to outline the future research areas.Data SourcesPubMed, Ovid Medline, the Cochrane Database, and Clinical Evidence (BMJ Publishing).Review MethodsAll types of articles related to OM treatment published in English between January 2007 and June 2011 were identified. A total of 286 articles related to OM treatment were reviewed by the panel members; 114 relevant quality articles were identified and summarized.ResultsNew evidence emerged on beneficial results of antibiotic treatment, compared with observation of AOM in young children who were diagnosed based on stringent criteria. In OME, the main results were related to a nonsignificant benefit of adenoidectomy versus tympanostomy tube placement alone in the treatment of chronic OME in younger children. Other modalities of OM treatment were studied and described herein.Conclusions and Implications for PracticeSignificant progress has been made in advancing the knowledge on the treatment of OM. Areas of potential future research have been identified and outlined.
Panel 6: Vaccines
Authors: Pelton Stephen I. , Pettigrew Melinda M. , Barenkamp Stephen J. , Godfroid Fabrice , Grijalva Carlos G. , Leach Amanda , Patel Janak , Murphy Timothy F. , Selak Sanja , Bakaletz Lauren O. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveTo update progress on the effectiveness of vaccine for prevention of acute otitis media (AOM) and identification of promising candidate antigens againstStreptococcus pneumoniae, nontypeableHaemophilus influenzae, andMoraxella catarrhalis.Review MethodsLiterature searches were performed in OvidSP and PubMed restricted to articles published between June 2007 and September 2011. Search terms includedotitis media, vaccines, vaccine antigens, and each of the otitis pathogens and candidate antigens identified in the ninth conference report.ConclusionsThe current report provides further evidence for the effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) in the prevention of otitis media. Observational studies demonstrate a greater decline in AOM episodes than reported in clinical efficacy trials. Unmet challenges include extending protection to additional serotypes and additional pathogens, the need to prevent early episodes, the development of correlates of protection for protein antigens, and the need to define where an otitis media vaccine strategy fits with priorities for child health.Implications for PracticeAcute otitis media continues to be a burden on children and families, especially those who suffer from frequent recurrences. The 7‐valent PCV (PCV7) has reduced the burden of disease as well as shifted the pneumococcal serotypes and the distribution of otopathogens currently reported in children with AOM. Antibiotic resistance remains an ongoing challenge. Multiple candidate antigens have demonstrated the necessary requirements of conservation, surface exposure, immunogenicity, and protection in animal models. Further research on the role of each antigen in pathogenesis, in the development of correlates of protection in animal models, and in new adjuvants to elicit responses in the youngest infants is likely to be productive and permit more antigens to move into human clinical trials.