bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Axl mediates tumor invasion and chemosensitivity through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and is transcriptionally regulated by slug in breast carcinoma
Authors: Li Yanyan , Jia Li , Ren Dongliang , Liu Chen , Gong Yanxin , Wang Ning , Zhang Xu , Zhao Yongfu 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe invasion and chemoresistance are crucial causes of morbidity and relapse for cancer patients. Axl is implicated in the modulation of cell invasion, cancer metastasis, and chemosensitivity in human breast carcinoma cell lines. Both breast cancer cell lines and tissues displayed increased expression of Axl, and it over expressed in highly metastatic breast cancer. The altered expression level of Axl was corresponding to the changed invasive phenotype and chemosensitivity of MDA‐MB‐231 cells both in vitro and in vivo. Further data indicated that experimental inhibition of Axl by RNAi assay inhibited phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway, resulted in the decrease of Slug expression, and further suppressed cell invasion properties and chemosensitivity. What is more, after the detection and statistics in human breast cancer specimens, we found the Axl expression was closely correlated with histological grade, lymph node metastasis, and clinical stage (P < 0.01). Taken together, these findings indicate that Axl exerts the role of tumor metastasis and chemosensitivity through activation of the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway, which is transcriptionally regulated by Slug. Our findings support the possibility that Axl is a novel regulator. It means by targeting Axl or its related signaling pathways, we can reduce the invasion and chemosensitivity of breast tumor. © 2014 IUBMB Life, 66(7):507–518, 2014
GOOD CO‐OPERATIVE GOVERNANCE: THE ELEPHANT IN THE ROOM WITH RURAL POVERTY REDUCTION
Authors: Hannan Rowshan 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis article argues that good governance is a key component of the co‐operative contribution to poverty reduction. It reports on fieldwork findings in Kenya, which compares a co‐operative with strong governance processes with one facing a number of governance challenges. It concludes that good governance allows processes (or activities) within co‐operatives to be undertaken more effectively, impacting poverty outcomes at the village level. This has important policy implications, particularly for the way in which governments and development agencies work with co‐operatives. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
THE CO‐OPERATIVE AS INSTITUTION FOR HUMAN DEVELOPMENT: THE CASE STUDY OF COPPALJ, A PRIMARY CO‐OPERATIVE IN BRAZIL
Authors: Vicari Sara 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWhat is the added value of co‐operatives in a people‐centred development setting? Applying the human development and capability approach to co‐operatives in a case study in Brazil, this article investigates the impact of co‐operative membership on member agency and well‐being as well as on community development. It uses both participatory and econometric methods to understand the real contribution that co‐operatives, as people‐centred participatory enterprises, can bring to human development and poverty reduction. The article aims to contribute evidence on how co‐operatives work for the poor and identifies the crucial role of policy‐makers in creating the appropriate environment for co‐operative development. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surgical management of bowel obstruction in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis
Authors: Shariat‐Madar Bahbak , Jayakrishnan Thejus T. , Gamblin T. Clark , Turaga Kiran K. 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundDue to low life expectancy, treatment strategies for malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) due to peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) emphasize improved quality of life and symptom relief. Currently, the value of palliative surgery to treat obstructive PC is unclear.MethodsA prospectively registered search strategy (PROSPERO) was utilized to identify articles examining outcomes of patients undergoing surgical palliation for MBO from PC in PubMed (2003–2013). Primary outcomes of interest were median overall survival (OS) and treatment complications.ResultsOf 730 articles screened, 64 were selected for full‐text review and 5 were quantitatively synthesized. This comprised 313 patients with MBO, of which 249 (79.5%) presented with PC. The mean age was 61.4 years (range 51–67). The OS for surgical patients was 6.4 months (2.8–19.7, n = 190). Stratification by surgical technique suggested an OS of resection, ostomy, and enteral bypass as 7.2 months (n = 174), 3.4 months (n = 9), and 2.7 months (n = 7), respectively. Major complications occurred in 37.0% of patients that underwent resection.ConclusionsThis study supports surgical resection over surgical bypass to treat obstructive PC, as it offered better OS with fewer complications. Higher quality studies are needed to conclusively assess the role of surgery in patients with obstructive PC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 110:666–669. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hospitalizations in children with preexisting tracheostomy: A national perspective
Authors: Zhu Hannah , Das Preety , Roberson David W. , Jang Jisun , Skinner Margaret L. , Paine Melody , Yuan Jennifer , Berry Jay 
Published: July 2014

Objectives/HypothesisTo describe the reasons for hospitalization and characteristics of children with preexisting tracheostomy and to compare hospital utilization between children with and without tracheostomy.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsChildren with tracheostomy were selected in the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids' Inpatient Database 2009 using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. We compared hospital utilization with the children's clinical characteristics (e.g., chronic condition number and type). We also assessed hospitalizations for tracheostomy complications and ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs) that could be potentially influenced by high‐quality outpatient and community care delivery.ResultsIn 2009, there were 21,541 hospitalizations for children with tracheostomy totalling $1.4 billion (U.S.). On average, children with tracheostomy had five chronic conditions (standard deviation 1.4). Eighty‐one percent (n = 17,448) had one or more complex chronic conditions (CCCs), and 67.1% (n = 14,379) had a gastrostomy. Among children with one or more CCCs, mean hospital charges were greater for hospitalizations of children with tracheostomy compared to without ($69,999 vs. $64,017, P = 0.008). Twenty‐one percent (n = 4,421) of all hospitalizations of children with tracheostomy were due to an ACSC (14.5%, n = 3,122) or a tracheostomy complication (6.0%, n = 1,299). Bacterial pneumonia (9.6% of all hospitalizations, n = 2,059) was the most common ACSC.ConclusionsChildren with tracheostomy are a vulnerable group of children with multiple CCCs who experience lengthy and costly hospitalizations. Many hospitalizations are due to an ambulatory care sensitive condition or a tracheostomy complication. Further investigation is needed to determine whether some of these hospitalizations may be avoidable with improved outpatient and community tracheostomy care.Level of Evidence2b. Laryngoscope, 125:462–468, 2015
Spatial Distribution of Surface Soil Acidity, Electrical Conductivity, Soil Organic Carbon Content and Exchangeable Potassium, Calcium and Magnesium in Some Cropped Acid Soils of India
Authors: Behera Sanjib Kumar , Shukla Arvind Kumar 
Published: July 2014

AbstractLand degradation is a global problem. Best management of degraded land can be done by evaluating the spatial variability of soil properties including chemical properties of degraded land and mapping such variations. Since, a significant portion of arable land in India is chemically degraded due to soil acidity; the present study was conducted to study the spatial variability of soil acidity (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), soil organic carbon (OC) content, exchangeable potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) contents in some cropped acid soils of India. A total of four hundred (one hundred from each series) representative surface (0–0.15 m depth) soil samples were collected from arable soils representing four soil series namely Hariharapur, Debatoli, Rajpora and Neeleswaram situated in Orissa, Jharkhand, Himachal Pradesh and Kerala states of India, respectively, and were analyzed. Soil acidity (pH between 3.90 and 6.45) showed a low variability, in contrast to other soil properties, which showed moderate variability. The coefficients of variation varied from 32.4 to 74.3, 31.2 to 50.9, 45.6 to 100, 71.9 to 93.0 and 59.0 to 79.8% for EC (mean between 0.05 and 0.09 dS m−1), OC (mean between 0.29 to 1.86%), exchangeable K+ (mean between 39.1 and 77.7 mg kg−1), Ca2+ (mean between 148 and 293 mg kg−1) and Mg2+ (mean between 111 and 191 mg kg−1), respectively. Soil pH and OC content were positively and significantly correlated with exchangeable K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ content. Geostatistical analysis revealed that the best fit models were gaussian, exponential and spherical for different soil properties with moderate to strong spatial dependency. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
2013 sorgt für einen guten Start
Authors: Bulmahn Maren 
Published: July 2014

AbstractEin Überblick über die Chemieindustrie des Jahres 2013 zeigt einen positiven Trend, der sich in diesem Jahr fortsetzte. Bisher liefen die Geschäfte außerhalb Europas besser als innerhalb. Die meisten Unternehmen wollen ihre Spezialchemie stärken.
Comparison between laparoscopic sacral hysteropexy and subtotal hysterectomy plus cervicopexy in pelvic organ prolapse: A pilot study
Authors: Gracia Meritxell , Perelló Maria , Bataller Eduardo , Espuña Montserrat , Parellada Montserrat , Genís Dolores , Balasch Joan , Carmona Francisco 
Published: June 2014

AimsThe primary outcome was to evaluate the subjective success rates of two laparoscopic POP operation techniques: uterine‐sparing surgery versus a subtotal hysterectomy plus cervicopexy.MethodsProspective cohort of 45 women with symptomatic POP recruited between January and December 2010 who self‐selected surgery group: group A (n = 15), sacral laparoscopic hysteropexy was performed and group B (n = 30), laparoscopically conducted subtotal hysterectomy plus cervicopexy. All patients had a positive answer in the “Epidemiology of prolapse and incontinence” questionnaire (EPIQ, question number 35) and also had a POPQ ≥2nd degree. The primary outcome was the subjective success rate, measured by a negative answer to the Q35 of EPIQ: “Do you have a sensation that there is bulge in vagina or that something is falling out from your vagina” and also by rating their symptoms improvement by the “Patient Global Impression of Improvement”. The secondary outcome was the objective success rate assessed by pelvic examination: cure was considered when POPQ <2nd degree in all vaginal compartments at 6 and 12 months.ResultsBaseline demographic characteristics were similar between groups. Subjective success rate was significantly superior in group B both after 6 and 12 months (P = 0.001). Similarly, objective pelvic examination led to a significantly higher rate of successful apical outcome in group B after 6 and 12 months (P = 0.009 and P = 0.002, respectively). Neither major complications nor vaginal mesh erosions were registered.ConclusionsThe overall success rate was significantly higher in the laparoscopic subtotal hysterectomy plus cervicopexy group, compared with the laparoscopic sacral hysteropexy group. Neurourol. Urodynam. 34:???–???, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A family of noniterative integration methods with desired numerical dissipation
Authors: Chang Shuenn‐Yih 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTA new family of unconditionally stable integration methods for structural dynamics has been developed, which possesses the favorable numerical dissipation properties that can be continuously controlled. In particular, it can have zero damping. This numerical damping is helpful to suppress or even eliminate the spurious participation of high frequency modes, whereas the low frequency modes are almost unaffected. The most important improvement of this family method is that it involves no nonlinear iterations for each time step, and thus it is very computationally efficient when compared with a general second‐order accurate integration method, such as the constant average acceleration method. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of local disorder in martensitic and magnetic interactions in Ni–Mn based ferromagnetic shape memory alloys
Authors: Priolkar K. R. 
Published: July 2014

Extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) spectroscopy have been employed to understand the factors responsible for martensitic transformation in Ni–Mn based ferromagnetic shape memory alloys. Local structural distortions have been found even in the austenitic phase in NiMnZ (Z = Sn and In) alloys. Systematic investigations on NiMnIn (x = 0, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6) reveal a progressive difference between Ni–In and Ni–Mn nearest neighbor bond distances that drive these alloys to martensitic transformation. Thermal evolution of Ni–Mn and Mn–Mn bond distances in the martensitic phase gives a clear evidence of a close relation between structural and magnetic degrees of freedom in these alloys. X‐ray absorption spectroscopy along with XMCD studies highlight the role of Ni 3d–Mn 3d hybridization in the magnetism of the martensitic phase of these alloys.
JSOD: JavaScript obfuscation detector
Authors: AL‐Taharwa Ismail Adel , Lee Hahn‐Ming , Jeng Albert B. , Wu Kuo‐Ping , Ho Cheng‐Seen , Chen Shyi‐Ming 
Published: July 2014

AbstractJavaScript obfuscation is a deliberate act of making a script difficult to understand by concealing its purpose. The prevalent use of obfuscation techniques to hide malicious codes and to preserve copyrights of benign scripts resulted in (i) missing detection of malicious scripts that are obfuscated and (ii) raising false alarms due to the benign scripts that are obfuscated. Automatic detection of obfuscated JavaScript is generally undertaken by tackling the problem from the readability perspective. Recently, Microsoft research team analyzed different levels of context‐based features to distinguish obfuscated malicious scripts from obfuscated benign ones. In this work, we raise the issue of existing readable versions of obfuscated scripts. Further, we discuss the challenges posed by readably obfuscated scripts against both JavaScript malware detectors and obfuscated scripts detectors. Therefore, we propose JavaScript Obfuscation Detector (JSOD), a completely static solution to detect obfuscated scripts including readable patterns. To evaluate JSOD, we compare it to the state‐of‐the‐art approaches to detect obfuscated malicious and obfuscated benign script, namely, Zozzle and Nofus. Our experimental results demonstrate the importance to detect readably obfuscated scripts and their sophisticated variations. Furthermore, they also show the superiority of JSOD approach against all relevant solutions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stress Mediates the Relationship Between Past Drug Addiction and Current Risky Sexual Behaviour Among Low‐income Women
Authors: Wu Z. Helen , Tennen Howard , Hosain G. M. Monawar , Coman Emil , Cullum Jerry , Berenson Abbey B. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis study examined the role of stress as a mediator of the relationship between prior drug addiction and current high‐risk sexual behaviour. Eight hundred twenty women aged 18 to 30 years, who received care at community‐based family planning clinics, were interviewed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and the Sexual Risk Behavior Assessment Schedule. They also completed the brief version of the Self‐Control Scale as a measure of problem‐solving strategies and measures of recent stressful events, daily hassles and ongoing chronic stress. Regardless of addiction history, stress exposure during the previous 12 months was associated with risky sexual behaviour during the previous 12 months. Structural equation modelling revealed that 12‐month stress levels mediated the relationship between past drug addiction and 12‐month high‐risk sexual behaviours, as well as the negative relationship between problem‐solving strategies and high‐risk sexual behaviours. Problem‐solving strategies did not moderate the relationship between drug addiction and high‐risk sexual behaviours. These findings suggest that stress management training may help reduce risky behaviour among young, low‐income women Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Online energy management strategy of a hybrid fuel cell/battery/ultracapacitor vehicular power system
Authors: Azib Toufik , Larouci Chérif , Chaibet Ahmed , Boukhnifer Moussa 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA hybrid power system based on a fuel cell (FC) and an energy storage system appears to be very promising for satisfying the high energy and high power requirements of automotive applications in which the power demand is impulsive rather than constant. This paper deals with the use of a hybrid energy storage system with the battery (BAT)/ultracapacitor (UC) as ancillary power source in FC electric vehicles. The energy management strategy (EMS) is one of the most important issues for the efficiency and performance of such systems. The designed EMS uses a splitting method, allowing a natural frequency decomposition of the power demands. It takes into account the slow dynamics of FC and the state of charge of the UC and BAT.A simulation is conducted using MATLAB/SIMULINK software in order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy. It confirms the performance of the control method and also demonstrates the robustness and stability of the control strategy with good tracking response (transient performance), low overshoot, zero steady‐state error, and control flexibility during a power demand cycle. © 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Early embryonic specification of vertebrate cranial placodes
Authors: Schlosser Gerhard 
Published: July 2014

Cranial placodes contribute to many sensory organs and ganglia of the vertebrate head. The olfactory, otic, and lateral line placodes form the sensory receptor cells and neurons of the nose, ear, and lateral line system; the lens placode develops into the lens of the eye; epibranchial, profundal, and trigeminal placodes contribute sensory neurons to cranial nerve ganglia; and the adenohypophyseal placode gives rise to the anterior pituitary, a major endocrine control organ. Despite these differences in fate, all placodes are now known to originate from a common precursor, the preplacodal ectoderm (PPE). The latter is a horseshoe‐shaped domain of ectoderm surrounding the anterior neural plate and neural crest and is defined by expression of transcription factor Six1, its cofactor Eya1, and other members of the Six and Eya families. Studies in zebrafish, Xenopus, and chick reveal that the PPE is specified together with other ectodermal territories (epidermis, neural crest, and neural plate) during early embryogenesis. During gastrulation, domains of ventrally (e.g., Dlx3/Dlx5, GATA2/GATA3, AP2, Msx1, FoxI1, and Vent1/Vent2) and dorsally (e.g., Zic1, Sox3, and Geminin) restricted transcription factors are established in response to a gradient of BMP and help to define non‐neural and neural competence territories, respectively. At neural plate stages, the PPE is then induced in the non‐neural competence territory by signals from the adjacent neural plate and mesoderm including FGF, BMP inhibitors, and Wnt inhibitors. Subsequently, signals from more localized signaling centers induce restricted expression domains of various transcription factors within the PPE, which specify multiplacodal areas and ultimately individual placodes.This article is categorized under:

Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Gene Networks and Genomics
Early Embryonic Development > Gastrulation and Neurulation
Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: General Principles
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of α‐ThTe3
Authors: Prakash Jai , Ibers James A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe binary thorium tritelluride, α‐ThTe3, was synthesized by solid‐state methods at 1223 K. From a single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction study the material crystallizes in the TiS3 structure type with two formula units in space group C22h–P21/m of the monoclinic system in a cell with lattice constants a = 6.1730 (4) Å, b = 4.3625(3) Å, c = 10.4161(6) Å, and β = 97.756(3)° (at 100 K). The asymmetric unit of this compound comprises one Th atom and three Te atoms each with site symmetry m. Each Th atom is coordinated to eight Te atoms in a bicapped trigonal‐pyramidal arrangement. Th–Te distances range from 3.1708(4) Å to 3.2496(6) Å. The structure features a Te–Te interaction 2.7631(8) Å in length, which is typical for a Te–Te single bond. Thus α‐ThTe3 may be charge balanced and formulated as Th4+Te2–Te22–.
On the Formation Mechanism of Chromium Nitrides: An in situ Study
Authors: Widenmeyer Marc , Meissner Elke , Senyshyn Anatoliy , Niewa Rainer 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThree different synthetic routes to chromium nitrides were investigated using in situ neutron diffraction (SPODI, FRM‐II) and thermal analysis in ammonia: (i) The direct conversion of chromium powder in ammonia, (ii) the ammonolysis of chromium(III) chloride CrCl3, and (iii) the ammonolysis of chromium(III) sulfide Cr2S3. During the direct conversion of chromium first γ‐CrN was formed above 385 °C, above 567 °C additionally β‐Cr2N was detected. Finally, a complete conversion of γ‐CrN to β‐Cr2N was observed at 1080 °C. The ammonolysis of chromium(III) compounds (CrCl3 and Cr2S3) revealed a so far in 3d metal nitride synthesis unprecedented redox sequence: The compounds are reduced to chromium(II) chloride CrCl2 and chromium(II, III) sulfide Cr3S4, respectively, prior to the reoxidation of those intermediates to γ‐CrN. In contrast to the ammonolysis of 3d metal(II) halides, for chromium(III) chloride no temporary formation of ammoniates was observed. Since formation of γ‐CrN was detected only after annealing chromium(III) sulfide in flowing ammonia for 4 h to 5 h at maximum temperature, the formation of sufficient amounts of chromium(II, III) sulfide as the rate‐determining step for the nitride formation appears likely.