bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of the thermal properties of electrons on the dispersion properties of Alfvén waves in space plasmas
Authors: Villarroel-Sepúlveda N. , Moya P. S. , López R. A. , Verscharen D. 
Published: July 2024

Context. The transition from left-hand to right-hand polarised Alfvén waves depends on the wavenumber, the ratio of kinetic to magnetic pressure, β, the temperature anisotropy, and the ion composition of the plasma. Along with the temperature anisotropy, the electron-to-proton temperature ratio, Te/Tp, is of great relevance for the characterisation of the thermal properties of a plasma. This ratio varies significantly between different space plasma environments. Thus, studying how variations in this ratio affect the polarisation properties of electromagnetic waves becomes highly relevant for our understanding of the dynamics of space plasmas.
Aims. We present an extensive study on the effect of the thermal properties of electrons on the behaviour and characteristics of Alfvénic waves in fully kinetic linear theory, as well as on the transition from the electromagnetic ion-cyclotron wave to the kinetic Alfvén wave.
Methods. We solved the fully kinetic dispersion relation for oblique electromagnetic waves of the Alfvén branch in a homogenous Maxwellian electron-proton plasma. We quantified the effect of the thermal properties of electrons by varying the electron-to-proton temperature ratio for different configurations of the propagation angle, βp = 8πnkTp/B2, and wavenumber.
Results. We show that the temperature ratio, Te/Tp, has strong and non-trivial effects on the polarisation of the Alfvénic modes, especially at kinetic scales (k⊥ρL > 1, where k⊥ = k sin θ, θ is the propagation angle, and ρL = cs/Ωp, with cs the plasma sound speed and Ωp the proton’s gyrofrequency) and βe + βp > 0.5. We conclude that electron inertia plays an important role in the kinetic scale physics of the kinetic Alfvén wave in the warm plasma regime, and thus cannot be excluded in hybrid models for computer simulations.
The YMCA (Yes, Magellanic Clouds Again) survey: Probing the outer regions of the Magellanic system with VST
Authors: Gatto M. , Ripepi V. , Bellazzini M. , Tosi M. , Cignoni M. , Tortora C. , Marconi M. , Dall’Ora M. , Cioni M.-R. L. , Musella I. , Schipani P. , Spavone M. 
Published: July 2024

Context. The Magellanic Clouds (MCs) are the Milky Way’s most massive dwarf satellites. As they also represent the closest pair of galaxies in an ongoing tidal interaction while simultaneously infalling into the Milky Way halo, they provide a unique opportunity to study in detail an ongoing three-body encounter.
Aims. We present the YMCA (Yes, Magellanic Clouds Again) survey: Probing the outer regions of the Magellanic system with VST, based on deep optical photometry carried out with the VLT Survey Telescope (VST).
Methods. The YMCA survey targeted 110 square degrees, in the g and i filters, in the periphery of both MCs, including a long strip in between the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). The photometry of YMCA is sufficiently deep (50% complete down to g ≃ 23.5 − 24.0 mag) to allow for a detailed analysis of main-sequence stars in regions of the MCs that have remained relatively unexplored at these faint magnitudes.
Results. The resulting colour–magnitude diagrams reveal that the outskirts of the MCs are predominantly characterised by intermediate-age and old stellar populations, with limited or negligible evidence of recent star formation. The analysis of the age distribution of star clusters (SCs) within the surveyed area, both already known and newly discovered candidates, hints at a close fly-by between the LMC and SMC that occurred ≃2.5 − 3.0 Gyr ago, in agreement with previous results. We also report the discovery of candidate SCs with ages within the so-called age-gap, thus questioning its real existence.
Boron depletion in Galactic early B-type stars reveals two different main sequence star populations
Authors: Jin Harim , Langer Norbert , Lennon Daniel J. , Proffitt Charles R. 
Published: July 2024

Context. The evolution and fate of massive stars are thought to be affected by rotationally induced internal mixing. The surface boron abundance is a sensitive tracer of this in early B-type main sequence stars.
Aims. We test current stellar evolution models of massive main sequence stars which include rotational mixing through a systematic study of their predicted surface boron depletion.
Methods. We construct a dense grid of rotating single star models using MESA, for which we employ a new nuclear network which follows all the stable isotopes up to silicon, including lithium, beryllium, boron, as well as the radioactive isotope aluminium-26. We also compile the measured physical parameters of the 90 Galactic early B-type stars with boron abundance information. We then compare each observed stars with our models through a Bayesian analysis, which yields the mixing efficiency parameter with which the star is reproduced the best, and the probability that it is represented by the stellar models.
Results. We find that about two-thirds of the sample stars are well represented by the stellar models, with the best agreement achieved for a rotational mixing efficiency of ∼50% compared to the widely adopted value. The remaining one third of the stars, of which many are strongly boron depleted slow rotators, are largely incompatible with our models, for any rotational mixing efficiency. We investigate the observational incidence of binary companions and surface magnetic fields, and discuss their evolutionary implications.
Conclusions. Our results confirm the concept of rotational mixing in radiative stellar envelopes. On the other hand, we find that a different boron depletion mechanism, and likely a different formation path, is required to explain about one-third of the sample stars. The large spread in the surface boron abundances of these stars may hold a clue to understanding their origin.
On the use of field RR Lyrae as Galactic probes
Authors: Braga V. F. , Monelli M. , Dall’Ora M. , Mullen J. P. , Molinaro R. , Marconi M. , Szabó R. , Gallart C. 
Published: July 2024

Context. The Vera C. Rubin Observatory will start operations in 2025. During its first two years, too few visits per target per band will be available, meaning that the mean magnitude measurements of variable stars will not be precise and thus standard candles such as RR Lyrae (RRL) will not be usable. Light curve templates (LCTs) can be adopted to estimate the mean magnitude of a variable star with a few magnitude measurements, provided that their period (plus the amplitude and reference epoch, depending on how the LCT is applied) is known. The LSST will provide precise RRL periods within the first six months, enabling exploitation of RRLs if LCTs are available.
Aims. We aim to build LCTs in the LSST bands to enhance the early science with LSST. Using them will provide a one- to two-year advantage with respect to the classical approach concerning distance measurements.
Methods. We collected grί-band data from the ZTF survey and z-band data from DECam to build the LCTs of RRLs. We also adopted synthetic grίz band data in the LSST system from pulsation models, plus SDSS, Gaia and OGLE photometry, inspecting the light amplitude ratios in different photometric systems to provide useful conversions to apply the LCTs.
Results. We have built LCTs of RRLs in the grίz bands of the LSST photometric system; for the z band, we could build only fun damental mode RRL LCTs. We quantitatively demonstrated that LCTs built with ZTF and DECam data can be adopted on the LSST photometric system. The LCTs will decrease the uncertainty on distance estimates of RRLs by a factor of at least two with respect to a simple average of the available measurements. Finally, within our tests, we have found a brand new behavior of amplitude ratios in the Large Magellanic Cloud.
Analyse croisée des motifs à l’adhésion et à la non-adhésion à un programme d’Activité Physique Adaptée
Authors: Zarrouk Laure-Alia , Fruchart Éric , Guedj Myriam 
Published: July 2024

La pratique d’une Activité Physique Adaptée (APA) permet de réduire l’incidence et la prévalence de nombreuses maladies chroniques. En France, les médecins ont la possibilité de prescrire à leurs patients des séances d’APA. Cependant, bien que prescrites, ces séances ne sont pas toujours honorées par les patients. L’objectif de notre étude était d’examiner les motifs menant les individus à adhérer ou ne pas adhérer à un programme d’APA sur prescription médicale à la lumière de la Théorie du Renversement. Trente entretiens semi-directifs ont été réalisés auprès de patients ayant une activité physique adaptée, de médecins, d’enseignants en APA ainsi que du grand public. Les participants étaient 30 adultes volontaires non rémunérés, vivant en France : 10 hommes et 20 femmes âgés de 21 à 80 ans (Mage = 44, ET = 15) dont 15 patients (Mage = 49, ET = 13), 5 professionnels de santé (Mage = 44, ET = 14), 5 enseignants en APA (Mage = 26, ET = 2) et 5 personnes du grand public (Mage = 45, ET = 18). Des analyses lexicales et de contenu, ont été menées sur l’ensemble des données qualitatives issues des entretiens. L’analyse de contenu thématique a révélé que les motifs d’adhésion les plus fréquemment mentionnés étaient liés à l’amélioration de la santé (télique) et aux recommandations des médecins (conformiste), tandis que les motifs de la non-adhésion les plus fréquents étaient liés au manque d’informations (négativiste) et aux préoccupations personnelles (maîtrise intra-autique). En d’autres termes, des motifs spécifiques à l’adhésion et à la non-adhésion ont été exprimés par nos participants. Même si la majorité des états métamotivationnels ont été retrouvés dans le discours des participants, une dominance de certains états apparaît pour l’adhésion, ainsi que pour la non-adhésion.
The Relationship Between Remnant Cholesterol and Visceral Adipose
Tissue: A National Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Wang Zhaoxiang , Zhong Shao , Wu Menghuan , Shao Xuejing , Gu Tian , Xu Mengjiao , Yang Qichao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe aim of our study is to explore the relationship between remnant cholesterol
(RC) levels and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in the US adult population. This
cross-sectional study utilized data from 5301 participants aged 20 to 59 years
gathered by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). RC
was determined by deducting both high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c)
and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) from total cholesterol (TC), and
VAT was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Visceral obesity is
defined as a VAT area ≥ 100 cm2. With increasing quartiles of RC
levels, the prevalence of visceral obesity rises (16.51% vs. 36.11% vs. 55.66%
vs. 74.48%, p<0.001). After adjusting for confounders, RC levels positively
correlate with visceral obesity risk (OR=1.039, 95% CI 1.031–1.048, p<0.001).
Additionally, individuals with low LDL-c/high RC and those with high LDL-c/low
RC showed 2.908-fold (95% CI 1.995–4.241) and 1.310-fold (95% CI 1.022–1.680)
higher risk of visceral obesity, respectively, compared to those with low
LDL-c/low RC. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) and Decision Curve
Analysis (DCA) show RC’s superior predictive ability over other lipid markers.
Subgroup analysis showed that the relationship between RC and visceral obesity
was more ronounced in those with cardiovascular disease. Smooth curve fitting
indicated a nonlinear relationship between RC levels and VAT area. Our study
highlights that elevated levels of RC are associated with adverse accumulation
of VAT. However, the causal relationship between RC and visceral obesity
requires additional investigation.
Early Diagnosis of AP5Z1/SPG48 Spastic Paraplegia: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Papoff Francesca M. A. , Astrea Guja , Mero Serena , Chicca Laura , Satolli Sara , Pasquariello Rosa , Battini Roberta , Tessa Alessandra , Santorelli Filippo M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a genetically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders clinically characterized by progressive lower limb spasticity with pyramidal weakness. Around a dozen potential molecular mechanisms are recognized. Childhood HSP is a significant diagnostic challenge in clinical practice. Mutations in AP5Z1, which are associated with spastic paraplegia type 48 (SPG48), are extremely rare and seldom described in children.We report the clinical, radiologic, and molecular studies performed in a child harboring novel biallelic mutations in AP5Z1.The child presented a neurodevelopmental disorder with slight lower limb pyramidal signs. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed minimal white matter changes in the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles and a normally shaped corpus callosum. Western blotting in cultured skin fibroblasts indicated reduced protein expression, which confirmed the genetic diagnosis and framed this as a case of protein reduction in a context of impaired autophagy.Our findings expand the spectrum of phenotypes associated with mutations in AP5Z1, highlighting their clinical and pathophysiologic overlap with lysosomal storage disorders. SPG48 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders even when pyramidal signs are minimal and brain MRI not fully informative.
Behind the wall: the lack of interaction between east and west and the rise of the radical right
Authors: Isaksson Zeth 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWhat explains the rise of radical right-wing parties in post-socialist Europe? Previous research attributes this phenomenon to the legacies of socialism, emphasizing the macro-socialization processes in education and civil society. This study introduces a novel perspective by highlighting the significance of limited interaction with the non-socialist states, proposing that such interactions could have facilitated micro-socialization processes that counteracted the regime’s indoctrination efforts. By analyzing the effect of cross-border traffic agreements between East and West Germany, it is found that areas with increased Western contact during the socialist era exhibit significantly less support for the radical right thirty years after the fall of the Berlin Wall. Moreover, employing entropy balancing to adjust for socioeconomic differences in the totalitarian period, this research demonstrates that individuals from these areas are half as likely to support the Alternative for Germany today, compared to a reweighted control group. This research offers a novel mechanism detailing how Western interactions could challenge entrenched socialist legacies, contributing significantly to the discourse on political socialization and the dynamics of political culture in post-socialist Europe.
Testing behaviour change with an artificial intelligence chatbot in a randomized controlled study
Authors: van Baal Simon T. , Le Suong T. T. , Fatehi Farhad , Verdejo-Garcia Antonio , Hohwy Jakob 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChatbots can effect large-scale behaviour change because they are accessible through social media, flexible, scalable, and gather data automatically. Yet research on the feasibility and effectiveness of chatbot-administered behaviour change interventions is sparse. The effectiveness of established behaviour change interventions when implemented in chatbots is not guaranteed, given the unique human–machine interaction dynamics. We pilot-tested chatbot-based behaviour change through information provision and embedded animations. We evaluated whether the chatbot could increase understanding and intentions to adopt protective behaviours during the pandemic. Fifty-nine culturally and linguistically diverse participants received a compassion intervention, an exponential growth intervention, or no intervention. We measured participants’ COVID-19 testing intentions and measured their staying-home attitudes before and after their chatbot interaction. We found reduced uncertainty about protective behaviours. The exponential growth intervention increased participants’ testing intentions. This study provides preliminary evidence that chatbots can spark behaviour change, with applications in diverse and underrepresented groups.
Structure and fragmentation of doubly ionized HNCS
Authors: Wallner Måns , Olsson Emelie , Ideböhn Veronica , Parriani Marco , Squibb Richard J. , Lundberg Sven , Cole Daniel , Falcinelli Stefano , Stranges Stefano , Brunetti Bruno , Dyke John M. , Nyman Gunnar , Eland John H. D. , Hochlaf Majdi , Feifel Raimund 
Published: July 2024

Double ionization spectra of isothiocyanic acid (HNCS) have been measured using multi-electron and multi-ion coincidence techniques combined with high-level theoretical calculations. The adiabatic double ionization energy of HNCS is found at 27.1 ± 0.1 eV and is associated with the formation of the X 3A″ ground state of HNCS2+. The characteristics of different dissociation channels are examined and compared to the results of electronic structure calculations obtained by systematically elongating the three bonds H–NCS, HN–CS, and HNC–S. For instance, the adiabatic double ionization energy of the NCS fragment is deduced to be 30.95 ± 0.5 eV. In addition, the C+ and NS+ dissociation channels are of particular interest, possibly indicating the involvement of a structural rearrangement process upon doubly ionizing HNCS.
A multi-mass and multi-hit two-camera 3D ion momentum imaging system
Authors: Orunesajo Emmanuel , Abubakar Sulaiman , Oguh Blessed , Lee Suk Kyoung , Li Wen 
Published: July 2024

We demonstrate an improved two-camera system for multi-mass and multi-hit three-dimensional (3D) momentum imaging of ions. The imaging system employs two conventional complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor cameras. We have shown previously that the system can time slice ion Newton spheres with a time resolution of 8.8 ns, limited by camera timing jitter [J. Chem. Phys., 158, 191104 (2023)]. In this work, a jitter correction method was developed to suppress the camera jitter and improve the time resolution to better than 2 ns. With this resolution, full 3D momentum distributions of ions can be obtained. We further show that this method can detect two ions with different masses when utilizing both the rising and falling edges of the cameras.
Higher memory effects in numerical simulations of binary black hole mergers
Authors: Grant Alexander M , Mitman Keefe 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGravitational memory effects are predictions of general relativity that are characterized by an observable effect that persists after the passage of gravitational waves. In recent years, they have garnered particular interest, both due to their connection to asymptotic symmetries and soft theorems and because their observation would serve as a unique test of the nonlinear nature of general relativity. Apart from the more commonly known displacement and spin memories, however, there are other memory effects predicted by Einstein’s equations that are associated with more subleading terms in the asymptotic expansion of the Bondi-Sachs metric. In this paper, we write explicit expressions for these higher memory effects in terms of their charge and flux contributions. Further, by using a numerical relativity simulation of a binary black hole merger, we compute the magnitude and morphology of these terms and compare them to those of the displacement and spin memory. We find that, although these terms are interesting from a theoretical perspective, due to their small magnitude they will be particularly challenging to observe with current and future detectors.
Influence of material and geometry parameters on resonance linewidths of plasmonic modes in gratings made from highly doped Ge1−
x
Sn
x
Authors: Berkmann Fritz , Povolni Pavel , Schwarz Daniel , Fischer Inga A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Highly doped group IV semiconductors such as Ge or GeSn are promising candidates for plasmonic mid infrared applications. The lower effective mass of GeSn alloys in comparison to pure Ge can result in lower plasma wavelengths and extend the application wavelength range. Devices made from doped GeSn alloys, therefore, are one interesting route towards plasmonic applications in the mid-infrared wavelength range, possibly extending to the NIR. Here, we specifically explore how spectrally narrow plasmonic resonances can be obtained in comb-like grating antennas by combining aspects of material growth with geometry optimization. We investigate both in simulation and in experiment how the interplay of localised surface plasmon resonances and Rayleigh anomalies can be tuned to achieve narrow extinction peaks originating from the resulting surface lattice resonances generated in our antennas made from highly doped Ge1−x
Sn
x
.
TinyGC-Net: an extremely tiny network for calibrating MEMS gyroscopes
Authors: Chao Cui , Zhao Jiankang , Haihui Long , Ruitong Zhang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper introduces a learning-based calibration method tailored for microelectromechanical system (MEMS) gyroscopes. The proposed method integrates two linear networks, linked by a parametric rectified linear unit (PReLU), and boasts a compacted architecture with only 25 parameters. This simplicity allows for efficient training on a graphics processing unit (GPU) before deployment on resource-constrained microcontroller units (MCUs). The loss function has been carefully devised to strengthen the neural model by eliminating reliance on open-source datasets, and facilitates the swift collection of training data solely via a tri-axial manual rotation table. Furthermore, the proposed method has undergone rigorous validation through public datasets and real-world scenarios, which not only maintains its ultra-lightweight attributes but also outperforms other existing solutions in terms of accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate the method’s practicality and efficacy, indicating its suitability for applications requiring inertial measurement units (IMUs). And the open-source implementation of this method is accessible at: https://github.com/tsuibeyond/TinyGC-Net.git.