bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Armut in Ländern der Dritten Welt als wirtschaftsethisches Problem
Authors: Sautter Hermann 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
After haring presented statistical data, an ethical framework for analysing the poverty-problem is discussed, using this framework the roots of the poverty-problem are analyzed: poverty causing rules of allocation and of distribution, deficient transfer systems. Basing on this analysis the elements of an anti-poverty strategy are shown
Norm und Erfahrung
Authors: Mieth Dietmar 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The author pointsout that there ist no contradiction between the question of norms and the question of values which are part of life experience. Normative ethics can formulate precepts which show by way of induction the relevance of values and norms based on experience. Experience has the status of an experimental discovesy of the reality of life. In this way, the author attempts a mediation between norm and experience with a view to an ambitious concept of theological ethics.
Dietrich Bonhoeffer als »Theologe der DDR«
Authors: Krötke Wolf 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Dietrich Bonhoeffer's theology has bad a role in the development ofthe Protestant Churches in the GDR which was not at all unimportant. Wolf Krötke has a closer look at the reception of Bonhoeffer in the GDR. He describes Bonhoeffer in wide perspectives. They range from a socialist demand on the one hand up to critical claims against socialism on the other hand. In these perspectives the slogan of »Kirche im Sozialismus« plays a prominent and at the same time problematic role. Krötke's study demands a critical inventary of the Bonhoeffer-reception in the GDR and gives a first and cautious contribution to this analysis.
Die Ethik Dietrich Bonhoeffers – Quelle oder Hemmschuh für feministisch-theologische Ethik?
Authors: Kuhlmann Helga 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The article connects the discourses on Bonhoeffer's Ethics with feminist ethics and critically reviews Bonhoeffer's use of »man« and »woman« respectively malehood and femalehood and relates both to the centrat ideas on >mature«, »body«, »Order«, and »sacrificejvictim« (in German both »Opfer«!). While Bonhoeffer's concept of nature and body shares quite a Iot with the respective feminist concepts in ethics, his concept of sacrificejvictim differs substantially. The argument pretends that both approaches could enrich each other. One result of the analysis is that Bonhoeffer uses the convential patterns of »man« und »woman« as weil as of»malehood« and »femalehood«, butthat his ethics also includes some fundamental ideas to overcome the traditional categories of gender.
Christliche Rechtsüberzeugungen im Kontext einer pluralistischen Gesellschaft
Authors: Pannenberg Wolfhart 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Although modern society emancipated itself from its Christian roots, Christian motivs continue to be effective even in the realm oflaw. Thus, in the 16. cent., the idea oftoleration had Christian, though not ecclesiastic origins. In a Christian perspective, however, toleration does not entail complete neutrality in all religious matters and on the part of society and legal order such complete neutrality is to be considered delusive. The positive attitude of Christians toward the German constitution is largely bound up with its emphasis on human dignity, which is rooted in the biblical idea of the human person being created in the image of God. In the reality of modern society, on the other hand, personal selfrealization tends to become the fundamental human right, and on certain points (abortion) issues in conflicts with the priority of human dignity. Here, the idea of freedom degenerates into licence, which in a Christian perspective is sin. Another area of particular concern for Christians in the legal system is marriage and family. Here, the author pleads for the Christian emphasis on marriage as basis of the family and indicates its legal consequences.
»Du sollst nicht töten!«
Authors: Krüger Thomas 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
There exists a tension between the categorical prohibition of killing in the Decalogue and the claim for or toleration of homicide, and of killing animals, in other passages of the Old Testament. This tension can be made understandable if we see in the Decalogue an attempt to formulate the ethical foundations of given legal bases. The ethica/ dictate of not killing seems to have given an impulse to the development of the law to Iimit bloodshed as much as possible. The conviction that bloodshed can only be ))atoned for« by renewed bloodshed expresses a >>reverence for Iife« which sets free and, at the same time, restricts the tendency to avoid bloodshed in the ethics and laws of the Old Testament.
Grenzen des medizinischen Fortschritts aus ethischer Sicht
Authors: Huber Wolfgang 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
When discussing the Iimits of medical progress from an ethical point of view, medical progress must neither be glorified nor rejected. Ethical reflection rather has to consider the different kinds of Iimits of medical practice and research. Starting from an ethics of dignity, that refuses to define human being and dignity only by the fact of human cerebration, the article argues for extending the Iimits of medicine in order to fight against the epidemics, and for correcting new Iimits of medical care, that result from the over specialisation of medical technics and the division of medical labour. Above all however medical treatment has to respect those Iimits, that are given by the dignity of the individual. Therefore for example the criteria for organ transplantation must be very strict in order to avoid any commercialization of donating organs, and in order to respect the process of human death.
Der Übergang zur Marktwirtschaft – Ein soziokulturelles Problem
Authors: Nutzinger Hans G. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Hans Nutzinger describes the current complex of problems of the eastern european countries on their transition to market economy and points out, how far socio-cultural problems determine the conditions of transformation. The appropriate economic system seems to appear as a responsibility of organization, where as interdependence has tobe seen in a double sense: as an interdependence of all economic decisions, valuations and actions and, on the other hand, as an interdependence of economic systems as a whole. He deals with the topic how far a free-enterprise development depends on specific religious preconditions, but leaves the question - respecting the Iimits of the economic discipline - undecided
Geld: Seine »ethische« Rationalität
Authors: Kaiser Helmut 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The thoughts presented here describe the »Reality« of money and its Connections, in the sense oft he point of attachment, to an ethic of »Money«. The respective theological remarks to the descriptions integrate, strenghten and interpret these and thus present perspectives for the handling of money without, however, providing handling methods. A functional view of the social and economic sciences is not sufficient for a description of money by means of (the theological) ethics. Although ethics must have knowledge of this »Rationality«, yet the many methods of talking of and money are an indication for ethical reflections that behind the functional reality of money there lurks an »Ethical« dimension (money, wealth, power;justice, goodness, solidarity; time is money, insatiability, magic, idolatry of money) which require tobe deciphered and interpreted.
Selbstbestimmung und Institution
Authors: Rendtorff Trutz 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
There's no new knowledge about »homosexuality« by science of medicine, natural science or historical science. On the contrary the ethical structure of the debate is to clarify. The author studies the problern in the aspect of the conflict between self determination and institution. In this point of view the ethical opinions changed. The author points out the revised lines for ethical judgement in the churches
KOINONIA-DIAKONIA Schlüsselbegriffe ökumenischer Diakonie
Authors: Robra Martin 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The survey is an attempt to identify and systematically reconstruct the main line of the discussions on diakonia within the ecumenical movement, using the paradigm-analysis model suggested by Thomas Kuhn and applied to the ecumenical movement by Konrad Raiser. The subheadings indicate the key words which mediate in the successive periods between the theological concepts of that time and the actual situation. During the 1980s it became obvious that the ongoing paradigm-shift calls for an innovative change of concepts.
Zum Verständnis des Lebens in der Ethik
Authors: Frey Christofer 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The article questions the empty formula of the concept of life and examines its theological and ethical implications. A critical survey of various positions found in the history of philosophy and theology illustrates its ambiguity and normative use. In the light oftbis historical and systematic investigation the author inquires into a handling of the concept which would be justifiable today in theological and ethical terms. Neither moral evidence nor theological structure are cited. Instead the concept - inspired by Dietrich Bonhoeffer's distinction between the ›Letzter‹ and ›Vorletzter‹- should be made relative and placed into perspective by a critical understanding of the revelation.
Politische Kultur und Rechtsbewußtsein in Ostdeutschland-Folgen der Diktatur
Authors: Neubert Ehrhart 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The author examines the consequences of dictatorship upon the conciousness of law and justice in the postsocialist society of East-Germany. This society and even the Church are characterized by a moralizing thinking of justice- according to the German tradition of paternalistic state: the state grants justice and represents community. Ever after theseGermans regard themselves as inferiors, who want to get adjusted into a disciplined order. This leeds to disappointments and radical criticism of the democratic constitutional state. Law is not able to realize ultimatejustice. For the aceptance ofthe constitutional state it will be necessary to restore civil society and overcome a fundamentalistic criticism of civilisation.
Heimat
Authors: Wilhelms Günter 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The notions of “Heimat” are split up in various rival versions. The author explores the social and personal values of “Heimat”. His thesis: “Heimat” means a concrete position and a concrete time in reference to a persons biography. This notion can support a critical claim against the loss of the biographic roots of “Heimat” (for example: massmedia).
Werte, Gewohnheiten, Haltungen. Eine Erinnerung an Emile Durkheims Konzept der Moralerziehung
Authors: Schieder Rolf 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The ethical value ofthe debate on values is dubious. The collision ofvalues, their implicit economic logic, the danger of a ›tyranny of values‹, and the gap between values and behavior show the problems of the value concept. Durkheims understanding of moral education insists on the social character of moral behavior. Morality has nothing to do with moral ideals and values. Morality is socially constituted in the first place. Durkheims programm of moral education goes from self-discipline over social abilities to autonomy. His plea for a universalistic morality can be seen in the context of Durkheims reflections upon bis situation as an assimilated Jew in France during the years of the Dreyfuß affaire.
Technikrisiken - Zum Beispiel Kernenergie
Authors: Herms Eilert , Anzenbacher Arno 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The use and development of technic always presuposes- as every human interaction does- at least implicitely as set of leading concepts conceming the essense and destiny of human life and the good order of society. This study analyses and explains out of a christian perspective the concepts of technic, technical damages, technical risks, developes principals for the treatment of such risks and finally tries to evaluate the nuclear energy technic
Sozialklauseln im internationalen Handel. Wirtschaftsethische Kriterien
Authors: Stückelberger Christoph 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
»Social Clauses« in international trade policy and law are appointments for a set of minimal standards, which are to be respected in international trade; they are social rules which have to be established in the lntemational-Economy-Order. The author presents this concept and discusses criteria in the horizon of economy-ethics about the valuation of Social Clauses.
Solidarität durch ökonomische Rationalität
Authors: Sautter Hermann 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The article deals with the crisis of the German welfare system. Protestant churches are challenged by this crisis. Six challenges are discussed: (a) Recognize facts. One fact is, that the economies of countfies like Germany cannot be separated from the trend of economic globalization. It is every country's position in global economic competition which determines the possible Ievel of its national welfare. A secend fact is, that the present old-age insurance system cannot be maintained. The third fact mentioned is the inconsistency of the system of social security. (b) Becoming open for economic thinking: Solidarity is not possible against but only in conformity with economic rationality. (c) Understand the worldwide dimension of solidarity: lt is exactly economic globalization which promotes worldwide solidarity (the growth of textile industry in Bangladesh is taken as an example). (d) Promote selfresponsibility: Those who are able to help themselves should do so more than before so that assistance for the helpless can be maintained. (e) Stimulate innovations in the field of social policy: An example is the negative income tax. (f) Protect the needy: This is indispensable, and it corresponds not only to christian convictions but also to the enlightened self-interest of a secular society.
»Recht auf Arbeit« nach der Vollbeschäftigung
Authors: Möhring-Hesse Matthias 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In ethical thinking we can 't treat the structural unemployment with the glance back in the »golden age« of full employment. Considering the dropping demand for manpower and - at the same time - the rising supply, the »human right of labour« is to create only with reserve: In the same measure as labour is the key to social participation, everyone has the same right to be employed. The necessary generalization of labour would be possible only by downgrading the labour for everybody at the same time. The distribution of work to gender is to overcome: men and women are to participate on labour and housework with the same part.
Göttliches und menschliches Recht. Zur Rechtsbegründung bei Jacques Ellul
Authors: Lohmann Friedrich 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The French scholar Jacques Ellul is nearly forgotton in German-speaking theology. The author presents Ellul's book of 1946 in which he developed a theological foundation of law, puts it in its historical context and tries a theological evaluation. In spite of some fundamental Iacks, particularly in the comprehension of revelation, at least three ideas (which can be found even more in the later work of Ellul) still merit consideration: no sphere of human reality is independent of God; therefore, theology comprehends an investigation of the inner structures of society; in this, it is focused on the Christan hope.
Transplantation von Gehirngewebe
Authors: Deuschi Günther 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Transplantation of cerebral tissue is increasingly becoming an issue in today's ethical debate. This kind of transplantation has already been performed in the context of treating patients with Parkinson's disease. It ist also being considered in the handling of other serious diseases. The tissue for transplantation is obtained from aborted fetuses. Serious ethical problems are mainly arising out of the question of possible changes in the personalites of patients due to the transplanted cerebral tissue
Die Grundsätze der Bundesärztekammer zur ärztlichen Sterbebegleitung
Authors: Zimmermann Mirjam , Zimmermann Ruben 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The guidelines of the >German Medical Association< for doctors treating the dying passed on 11. Sept. 1998 are trying to provide an ethically justified frame for medical decisions conceming the end of life. In certain justified cases they allow non-treatment decisions and allevation of pain and symptoms that might cause the patient's death while they strictly reject voluntary active euthanasia, non-voluntary euthanasia or assisted suicide
Fremdnützige Forschung und Sterbehilfe bei nichteinwilligungsfähigen Personen
Authors: Fischer Johannes 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
A main condition for medical treatment is considered to be the »informed consent« of the patient. This criterion protects his/her autonomy. In certain cases, however, it is not applicable, since the patient is not able to give his consent. This may lead to the discrimination of a considerable group of patients, where medical interventions must be refrained from, because of the lacking consent of the persons in question. This concems especially research for the benefit of others and euthanasia. Basing on the concept of the person, this paper develops criteria which should be applied if »informed consent« is not applicable
Leben in des Menschen Hand?
Authors: Körtner Ulrich H. J. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This article deals with theological criterions of medical ethics which depends on biblical anthropology and Christian doctrine for the Creation. It criticizes the assertion that life is not disposible as an example of wrong deduction from is to ought. The article also deals with the concept of person and the moral status of embryos and discusses the consequences for medical genetics and prenatal diagnostics
Der »informed consent« und die Menschenwürde
Authors: Schroeder-Kurth Traute 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The articles of the Convention of Human Rights and Biomedicine (MRK) connect any medical intervention with the »informed consent« of the patient out of respect to Human Dignity by physicians as weil as for treatments and research projects. Nevertheless it becomes apparent that the observation of this principle looses its significance for patients who are incapacitated because of temporal or permanent incompetance to represent their own interests or who are too young to do so. In these cases other attributes of Human Dignity and their observation have to replace the »informed consent«. For inclusion of patients who can't give their consent in clinical studies the MRK formulated strict conditions which exceed the legal prerequisites in Germany. Here clearly the investigation has to benefit each patient directly. The MRK (Article 17 ,2) widens this condition to investigations which may not benefit the patient himself, but serve a group of patients with the same illness or solve problems related to the desease. The deciding bodies will have to inform themselves very carefully not only about the facts for urgent research with incapacitated patients, but also must define terms like »no direct benefit « (Fremdnützigkeit) before German Law will allow adaptation to and ratification of the MRK
Vom Rechten und vom Guten
Authors: Schapp Jan 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
With Plato, ethics answer a fundamental problern of man: the desire to own more and more. In Christianity this problern finally reaches the dimension of evil. By opposing Tiermensch (man/animal) and Vernunftmensch (man/reason), Kant's moral philosophy is no Ionger related to the solution of this problem. Kant tries to constitute moral philosophy as a science. From this point of view the author discusses central notions of Kant's moral philosophy: general rule, knowledge, faith, autonomy
Nächstenschaft und Sozialchoreographien
Authors: Berner Knut 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The changing of social realities requires a new discussion about the important theological and philosophical thesis, that the command of charity further is self-evident in modern societies. The article describes some problems of this point of view and prefers an ethical theory, which espacially recognizes the artificial character of social choreographics and intends to show their implikations for a theory of cognition, a concept of anthropology and responsible personal acting
Kinderrechte als Menschenrechte
Authors: Kreß Hartmut 
Published: September 2014

Abastract
The article analyses the intense public debate between the author Martin Walser and Ignatz Bubis caused by Walser's speach on the occasion of the award of the »Friedenspreis des Deutschen Buchhandels 1998«. lt argues that the conflict is based on two different conceptions of democratic public, public moral, and the function of moral elites in public. Both conceptions have religious implications and analogies in traditional theological conceptions of social corporations
Von der Dreiständelehre zur Bereichsethik
Authors: Honecker Martin 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Social ethics today is understood as an ethics of the institutions of human social interaction. It originated as a discipline during the 19th century under the influence of the modern social sciences. Thus it is a child of the Enlightenment. A Look at the history of ethics, however, reveals that the reformational theory of the three estates (Dreiständelehre) represents an early stage in the development of social ethics. lts origin in Aristotelian philosophy, its development within the Lutheran Reformation, and its end in the Enlightenment are portrayed. Current differentiation of ethics into special areas (Bereichsethiken) as well as efforts to establish the ethos specific to and goveming the application of ethical principles to autonomaus areas of responsibility motivate the topic and intention of this reexamination of the historic theory of the three estates, especially with respect to its theological foundations
Besonnenheit, Gerechtigkeit und Zivilcourage
Authors: Höffe Otfried 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The scarcity of goods is one of the central problems medical ethics has to deal with. Scarcity results from the connection of a naturallack of goods and human pleonexia, i.e. the desire always to wish for more. The old and the new answer on the problern of pleonexia is temperance which in the health care system could prove itself by considerately dealing with a permanently growing measure of different medical treatments. But since individual temperance can not be generally guaranteed, the question of justice, of a just organization of the Health Care System remains to be answered. A fair weighing of goods, to give a concrete example, is necessary in order to clarify which significance the health care system ought to have in politics, compared with other political topics, for example education. Moreover it is necessary to know for which of the possible medical treatments there exists a just claim for everybody. For this reason a model of health care insurance with different stages is considered.