bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the catalytic activity of single‐chain polymeric nanoparticles in water
Authors: Artar Müge , Terashima Takaya , Sawamoto Mitsuo , Meijer E. W. , Palmans Anja R. A. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe structuring role of benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxamide (BTA) groups for the catalytic activity of single chain polymeric nanoparticles in water was investigated in the transfer hydrogenation of ketones. To this end, a set of segmented, amphiphilic copolymers was prepared, which comprised oligo(ethylene glycol) side chains to impart water solubility, BTA and/or lauryl side chains to induce hydrophobicity and diphenylphosphinostyrene (SDP) units in the middle part as a ligand to bind a ruthenium catalyst. All copolymers were obtained by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and showed low dispersities (Mw/Mn = 1.23–1.38) and controlled molecular weights (Mn = 44–28 kDa). A combination of circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS) showed that all copolymers fold into a single chain polymeric nanoparticles (SCPNs) as a result of the helical self‐assembly of the pendant BTA units and/or hydrophilic–hydrophobic phase separation. To create catalytic sites, RuCl2(PPh3)3 was incorporated into the copolymers. The Cotton effects of the copolymers before and after Ru(II) loading were identical, indicating that the helical self‐assembly of the BTA units and the complexation of SDP ligands and Ru(II) occurs in an orthogonal manner. DLS revealed that after Ru(II) loading, SDP‐bearing copolymers retained their single chain character in water, while copolymers lacking SDP units clustered into larger aggregates. The Ru(II) loaded SCPNs were tested in the transfer hydrogenation of cyclohexanone. This study reveals that BTA induced stack formation is not crucial for SCPN formation and catalytic activity; SDP‐bearing copolymers folded by Ru(II) complexation and hydrophobic pendants suffice to provide hydrophobic, isolated reaction pockets around Ru(II) complexes. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 12–20
The prevalence of asthma in Canadian children of South Asian descent
Authors: Moerman Joost Nico , Ratjen Felix , Subbarao Padmaja , Sears Malcolm R. , Anand Sonia S. , Stanojevic Sanja 
Published: October 2013

SummaryBackgroundAsthma is the most common disease in childhood. The prevalence of asthma is known to vary greatly between and within countries and among different ethnic groups. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of asthma and wheezing symptoms in South Asian children living in Canada.MethodsIn a cross sectional study, data from the Phase III International Study on Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) were analyzed. A surname algorithm to determine South Asian ethnic descent was used. Prevalence was calculated and compared to non‐South Asian children from the same survey and to the reported prevalence from the Indian subcontinent ISAAC III survey for children ages 6–9 and 13–16.ResultsThe prevalence of asthma and wheezing did not differ between children of South Asian descent and non‐South Asians living Canada. When compared to the children living in India, the prevalence of asthma, wheeze, and exercise induced wheeze was significantly higher in the South Asian children living in Canada. Higher body mass index of the child, parental smoking, and pet ownership were strongly associated with asthma and wheeze.ConclusionsIn contrast to other studies these data suggest that South Asian children living in Canada have a similar asthma prevalence to non‐South Asian children; both of whom had higher asthma prevalence compared with children residing in South Asia. This suggests that environmental and social factors play a role in asthma prevalence. Risk factors for asthma in children of South Asian descent living in Canada are similar to those of the overall population. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:43–48. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Low level of tracheal cellular fibronectin in extremely premature infants with funisitis: Relationship with respiratory distress 1 month after birth
Authors: Arai Hirokazu , Ito Tomoo , Adachi Hiroyuki , Goto Ryoji , Takahashi Tsutomu 
Published: October 2013

SummaryBackgroundFunisitis reflects the fetal systemic inflammatory response in premature infants. Macrophages and neutrophils have been identified as key elements in the inflammatory process of the lungs, and secrete proteases that cause the destruction of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Fibronectin (FN) is the major constituent of the pulmonary ECM and exists in multiple isoforms arising from alternative RNA splicing. Extra domain A (EDA) is the major alternatively spliced segment, and the expression of EDA containing FN (EDA + FN) in the lungs is associated with distal pulmonary cell proliferation during alveolar formation.ObjectiveTo study the relationship between the presence of funisitis and EDA + FN levels in the tracheal aspirate fluid (TAF) of infants of less than 28 weeks' gestation.MethodsThe subjects included in this study were 26 extremely premature infants of <28 weeks' gestation at <24 hr of age, from whom the TAF was collected. These preterm infants were divided into two groups according to placental histology. The funisitis (+) group (n = 9) was compared with the funisitis (−) group (n = 17). The TAF supernatants were analyzed for IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, neutrophil elastase, and EDA + FN using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsThere were no significant differences in gestational age or birthweight between these groups. The funisitis (+) group had a significantly higher ventilator setting (inspired O2 × mean airway pressure) at Day 28 than the funisitis (−) group. In the TAF, the concentrations of IL‐1β were significantly higher in the funisitis (+) group than in the funisitis (−) group, as were the concentrations of neutrophil elastase. The concentrations of EDA + FN were significantly lower in the funisitis (+) group than in the funisitis (−) group.ConclusionsDecreased EDA + FN in TAF might be one of the risk factors leading to respiratory distress in extremely premature infants with funisitis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:905–910. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of two aspiration techniques of bronchoalveolar lavage in children
Authors: Rosas‐Salazar Christian , Walczak Stephen A. , Winger Daniel G. , Kurland Geoffrey , Spahr Jonathan E. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryBackgroundAlthough bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) via flexible bronchoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool, its technique is not standardized in children. Our objective was to compare two different aspiration techniques of BAL in children (continuous wall suction vs. handheld syringe suction) in regards to the percentage of fluid recovered and the odds of performing a technically acceptable procedure (i.e., >40% of volume return).MethodsWe conducted a review of all pediatric flexible bronchoscopies with BAL conducted at our institution over a 2‐year period. To minimize the differences between groups at baseline and reduce the possibility of bias, we used one‐to‐one propensity score (PS) caliper matching with no replacement for statistical analyses.ResultsWe identified 539 procedures that met pre‐specified criteria. There were considerable covariate imbalances between procedures in the handheld syringe group (n = 147) and those in the continuous wall group (n = 392); however, these imbalances were substantially reduced after the PS matching. In the matched sample (n = 236), children in the handheld syringe group had ∼7% higher volume return (95% CI = 3.4–11.0, P < 0.001) from BAL and threefold higher odds (95% CI = 1.5–8.6, P = 0.002) of performing a technically acceptable procedure.ConclusionsOur results suggest that handheld syringe suction offers a higher percentage of volume return from BAL and increases the odds of performing a technically acceptable procedure in children when compared to continuous wall suction. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:978–984. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cholesterol as a co‐solvent and a ligand for membrane proteins
Authors: Song Yuanli , Kenworthy Anne K. , Sanders Charles R. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAs of mid 2013 a Medline search on “cholesterol” yielded over 200,000 hits, reflecting the prominence of this lipid in numerous aspects of animal cell biology and physiology under conditions of health and disease. Aberrations in cholesterol homeostasis underlie both a number of rare genetic disorders and contribute to common sporadic and complex disorders including heart disease, stroke, type II diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease. The corresponding author of this review and his lab stumbled only recently into the sprawling area of cholesterol research when they discovered that the amyloid precursor protein (APP) binds cholesterol, a topic covered by the Hans Neurath Award lecture at the 2013 Protein Society Meeting. Here, we first provide a brief overview of cholesterol‐protein interactions and then offer our perspective on how and why binding of cholesterol to APP and its C99 domain (β‐CTF) promotes the amyloidogenic pathway, which is closely related to the etiology of Alzheimer's disease.
Refined structures of mouse P‐glycoprotein
Authors: Li Jingzhi , Jaimes Kimberly F. , Aller Stephen G. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe recently determined C. elegans P‐glycoprotein (Pgp) structure revealed significant deviations compared to the original mouse Pgp structure, which suggested possible misinterpretations in the latter model. To address this concern, we generated an experimental electron density map from single‐wavelength anomalous dispersion phasing of an original mouse Pgp dataset to 3.8 Å resolution. The map exhibited significantly more detail compared to the original MAD map and revealed several regions of the structure that required de novo model building. The improved drug‐free structure was refined to 3.8 Å resolution with a 9.4 and 8.1% decrease in Rwork and Rfree, respectively, (Rwork = 21.2%, Rfree = 26.6%) and a significant improvement in protein geometry. The improved mouse Pgp model contains ∼95% of residues in the favorable Ramachandran region compared to only 57% for the original model. The registry of six transmembrane helices was corrected, revealing amino acid residues involved in drug binding that were previously unrecognized. Registry shifts (rotations and translations) for three transmembrane (TM)4 and TM5 and the addition of three N‐terminal residues were necessary, and were validated with new mercury labeling and anomalous Fourier density. The corrected position of TM4, which forms the frame of a portal for drug entry, had backbone atoms shifted >6 Å from their original positions. The drug translocation pathway of mouse Pgp is 96% identical to human Pgp and is enriched in aromatic residues that likely play a collective role in allowing a high degree of polyspecific substrate recognition.
Blind prediction of interfacial water positions in CAPRI
Authors: Lensink Marc F. , Moal Iain H. , Bates Paul A. , Kastritis Panagiotis L. , Melquiond Adrien S. J. , Karaca Ezgi , Schmitz Christophe , van Dijk Marc , Bonvin Alexandre M. J. J. , Eisenstein Miriam , Jiménez‐García Brian , Grosdidier Solène , Solernou Albert , Pérez‐Cano Laura , Pallara Chiara , Fernández‐Recio Juan , Xu Jianqing , Muthu Pravin , Praneeth Kilambi Krishna , Gray Jeffrey J. , Grudinin Sergei , Derevyanko Georgy , Mitchell Julie C. , Wieting John , Kanamori Eiji , Tsuchiya Yuko , Murakami Yoichi , Sarmiento Joy , Standley Daron M. , Shirota Matsuyuki , Kinoshita Kengo , Nakamura Haruki , Chavent Matthieu , Ritchie David W. , Park Hahnbeom , Ko Junsu , Lee Hasup , Seok Chaok , Shen Yang , Kozakov Dima , Vajda Sandor , Kundrotas Petras J. , Vakser Ilya A. , Pierce Brian G. , Hwang Howook , Vreven Thom , Weng Zhiping , Buch Idit , Farkash Efrat , Wolfson Haim J. , Zacharias Martin , Qin Sanbo , Zhou Huan‐Xiang , Huang Shen‐You , Zou Xiaoqin , Wojdyla Justyna A. , Kleanthous Colin , Wodak Shoshana J. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTWe report the first assessment of blind predictions of water positions at protein–protein interfaces, performed as part of the critical assessment of predicted interactions (CAPRI) community‐wide experiment. Groups submitting docking predictions for the complex of the DNase domain of colicin E2 and Im2 immunity protein (CAPRI Target 47), were invited to predict the positions of interfacial water molecules using the method of their choice. The predictions—20 groups submitted a total of 195 models—were assessed by measuring the recall fraction of water‐mediated protein contacts. Of the 176 high‐ or medium‐quality docking models—a very good docking performance per se—only 44% had a recall fraction above 0.3, and a mere 6% above 0.5. The actual water positions were in general predicted to an accuracy level no better than 1.5 Å, and even in good models about half of the contacts represented false positives. This notwithstanding, three hotspot interface water positions were quite well predicted, and so was one of the water positions that is believed to stabilize the loop that confers specificity in these complexes. Overall the best interface water predictions was achieved by groups that also produced high‐quality docking models, indicating that accurate modelling of the protein portion is a determinant factor. The use of established molecular mechanics force fields, coupled to sampling and optimization procedures also seemed to confer an advantage. Insights gained from this analysis should help improve the prediction of protein–water interactions and their role in stabilizing protein complexes. Proteins 2014; 82:620–632. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and insecticidal activities of novel pyrazole oxime ether derivatives with different substituted pyridyl rings
Authors: Fu Cuirong , Pei Jiang , Ning Yu , Liu Min , Shan Pengcheng , Liu Jun , Li Yongqiang , Hu Fangzhong , Zhu Youquan , Yang Huazheng , Zou Xiaomao 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDPyrazole oxime ether derivatives with different substituted pyridyl rings represent new types of compounds that possess good insecticidal and acarcidal activity against Aphis laburni Kaltenbach and Tetranychus cinnabarinus.RESULTSIn total, 82 novel pyrazole oxime ether derivatives were synthesized and identified by 1H NMR, elemental analysis or high‐resolution mass spectrometry, and their insecticidal and acarcidal activities were tested against A. laburni Kaltenbach and T. cinnabarinus. Bioassays showed that at a 200 mg L−1 dosage, one‐third of the compounds displayed high insecticidal activity against A. laburni Kaltenbach (> 90%), whereas most of of the compound II series exhibited excellent acarcidal activity against T. cinnabarinus (> 92%). Most compound II series exhibited good activity in both insecticidal and acarcidal tests. In addition, at a low concentration of 10 mg L−1, the insecticidal activity of compounds IB9 and IE4 exceeded 90%, and the acarcidal activity of compounds IIB1 and IIB2 was ≥ 95%.CONCLUSIONStructure–activity relationships were also examined. Results suggested that the tert‐butoxycarbonyl group, as well as the position between tert‐butoxycarbonyl and the atom N of the pyridyl ring, were essential to obtaining the acarcidal activity of the title compounds. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Local structure analysis of Zn1‐xMgx O thin films by soft X‐ray absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Ogata K. , Kozub M. , Koike K. , Sasa S. , Inoue M. , Yano M. , Tamenori Y. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractX‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra in soft X‐ray region were utilized for the characterization of Zn1‐xMgx O films. Zn L ‐edge XANES spectra of Zn1‐xMgx O films changed as increasing Mg composition x, suggesting that local structure of the Zn atom in ZnO was influenced by the alloying with MgO. Mg K ‐edge XANES spectra of Zn1‐xMgx O films did not show any dependence on growth methods, but was different from that of MgO bulk, showing 4‐fold symmetry of Mg atoms. Similarly, O‐K edge XANES spectrum in Zn1‐xMgx O film showed 4‐fold symmetry of O atoms, and depicted a slight difference from that of ZnO, probably due to the contribution of 6‐fold Mg‐O bond formation. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Oriented growth of beta gallium oxide thin films on yttrium‐stabilized zirconia substrates
Authors: Kaneko Kentaro , Ito Hiroshi , Lee Sam‐Dong , Fujita Shizuo 
Published: October 2013

Abstract(‐201)‐oriented beta gallium oxide (β‐Ga2O3) thin films were grown on yttrium‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrates using a mist chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The lowest full‐width at half maximum value in ω‐scan X‐ray diffraction was 0.50°, obtained for the growth temperature of 650 °C on a YSZ(100) substrate. Observation by a secondary electron microscope (SEM) revealed flat surface including large‐scale precipitates. Electron diffraction patterns suggested that thin films basically possess β‐type crystal structure though crystal precipitates were formed by poly‐crystal. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spin Hall reduction of Josephson effect in InAs two‐dimensional electrons
Authors: Nakamura Taketomo , Takahashi Yuichi , Hashimoto Yoshiaki , Yun DongHa , Kim SunWoo , Iye Yasuhiro , Katsumoto Shingo 
Published: October 2013

AbstractOne of the mechanisms to cause the Josephson effect between two superconductors through a normal conductor is virtual traversal of electrons and holes through Andreev bound states. The spin Hall effect, on the other hand, disturbs the formation of Cooper pairs at the interfaces through the discrimination of up and down spins. We have found that the Josephson effect is strongly suppressed with the spin Hall effect caused by an electric current crossing transversally through the normal strip. This result proposes a spintronic control of the Josephson effect in superconducting devices. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dislocations related with the pore on P‐rich InP wafer
Authors: Liu Zhiguo , Yang Ruixia , Yang Fan , Tian Xiuwei , Wang Qiang , Wang Yang , Li Xiaolan , Li Shuai , Yang Jianye , Shao Huimin , Shi Yanlei , Kang Yong , Zhang Xin , Liu Huisheng , Sun Tongnian , Sun Niefeng 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe two dimension distributions of dislocation and thermal stress of 3‐inch diameter stoichiometric and P‐rich InP wafers are investigated, and an analysis of the relation between the two distributions is given. As a result, in stoichiometric and P‐rich InP wafers, both the dislocation and thermal stress distributions are found to be circular ring shape, and where the thermal stress is stronger, the etch‐pits density (EPD) is higher, too. On the P‐rich wafers, there are some pores where EPD is much higher than other areas, around most pores, thermal stress is very strong, but around a small number of pores, the thermal stress is weaker as a contrary, that may be because the residual thermal stress can be released along the pores penetrating through the ingot during ingot annealing. Thermal stress is one of the main reasons which can contribute to dislocation. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Defect characterization in compositionally graded InGaAs layers on GaAs(001) grown by MBE
Authors: Sasaki Takuo , Norman Andrew G. , Romero Manuel J. , Al‐Jassim Mowafak M. , Takahasi Masamitu , Kojima Nobuaki , Ohshita Yoshio , Yamaguchi Masafumi 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDefect characterization in molecular beam epitaxial (MBE) compositionally‐graded InxGa1‐xAs layers on GaAs substrates consisting different thickness of overshooting (OS) layers was carried out using cathodoluminescence (CL) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We found that the thickness of the OS layer influences not only stress but also lattice defects generated in a top InGaAs layer. While the top InGaAs layer with a thin OS layer is under compression and has mainly threading dislocations, the top layer with a thick OS layer is under tension and exhibits inhomogeneous strain associating with phase separation. We will discuss the mechanisms of defect generation and their in‐plane distribution based on strain relaxation at the top and OS layers. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of (GaN/AlN) alternating‐source‐feeding buffer layer in GaN growth on Al2O3 and silicon by RF‐MBE
Authors: Yamaguchi Tomohiro , Tajimi Daiki , Hayashi Masato , Igaki Tatsuhiro , Sugiura Yohei , Honda Tohru 
Published: October 2013

AbstractEffect of (GaN/AlN) alternating‐source‐feeding (ASF) buffer layer was investigated in the growth of GaN on Al2O3 and Si substrates by radio‐frequency plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy (RF‐MBE). The formation process of ASF buffer layer was different between the cases on Al2O3 and Si substrates. Nevertheless, GaN films with two‐dimensional surface were obtained on both ASF buffer layers on Al2O3 and Si substrates. The residual strain of GaN films was changed by changing the growth condition of the ASF buffer layers. Without any selection of substrates, it is expected to achieve the precisely controlled strain state of GaN films by adjusting the structure of the ASF buffer layer. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
PPGJ: A privacy‐preserving general join for outsourced encrypted database
Authors: Ma Sha , Yang Bo , Zhang Mingwu 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTIn outsourced database, it is desirable to store sensitive data in an encrypted form to reduce security and privacy risks because the server may not be fully trusted. Several approaches have been proposed in recent literatures to efficiently support queries on encrypted databases. Most researches focus on keywords search and range query while few works study on join query because of a lack of related cryptography primitives. We propose a solution of a privacy‐preserving general join supporting both equality tests and simple non‐equality tests on ciphertexts by using the revised Boneh–Goh–Nissim encryption algorithm and a Bloom filter. Finally, we analyze its advantages and disadvantages by the comparison with existing method on the performance and the newly introduced security notions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Concise Review: Harmonies Played by MicroRNAs in Cell Fate Reprogramming
Authors: Moradi Sharif , Asgari Sassan , Baharvand Hossein 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
It is now well-established that somatic cells can be reprogrammed to alternative cell fates by ectopic coexpression of defined factors. Reprogramming technology has uncovered a huge plasticity besides gene regulatory networks (GRNs) of differentiated cell states. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which are an integral part of GRNs, have recently emerged as a powerful reprogramming toolbox. They regulate numerous genes, thereby modulating virtually all cellular processes, including somatic cell reprogramming. Not only can miRNAs provide novel opportunities for interrogating mechanisms of induced pluripotency and direct lineage reprogramming but they also offer hope for the efficient creation of safe cell sources for regenerative medicine. In reviewing landmark roles of miRNAs in cell reprogramming, we offer suggestions for evolution of the reprogramming field. Stem Cells 2014;32:3–15