bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insight from health professionals on physical activity promotion within routine diabetes care
Authors: Matthews Lynsay , Kirk Alison , Mutrie Nanette 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe aim of this qualitative study was to explore the views of health professionals on the current and future provision of physical activity promotion within routine diabetes care. Responses were collected from participants (n=23) in two phases. An online survey (Phase 1, n=16) and semi‐structured interviews (Phase 2, n=7) were used to explore the experiences of health professionals on the provision of physical activity promotion. Qualitative responses were analysed using Interpretative phenomenological analysis and categorised into themes and sub‐themes.Three main themes were identified: (1) current physical activity promotion practices; (2) delivery of physical activity promotion by health professionals; and (3) future physical activity promotion. Findings demonstrated that a lack of structure for physical activity promotion and ineffective behaviour change training made physical activity promotion within routine diabetes care challenging. Health professionals struggled to prioritise physical activity within routine consultations. They were clinically driven to provide physical activity advice to patients; however, they lacked the skills to elicit significant behaviour change. Five recommendations were presented to improve physical activity promotion within diabetes care: (1) having a key member of staff responsible for physical activity promotion; (2) access to a referral route for physical activity support; (3) inclusion of diabetes‐specific information in behaviour change training; (4) linking the delivery of physical activity promotion with clinical outcomes; and (5) using ‘champions’ to raise the profile of physical activity within the health service.Incorporation of these recommendations by health professionals and health boards may significantly improve the provision of physical activity promotion within routine diabetes care. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons.
Post‐approval appending of CSARs to drug package inserts: an analysis of the types of adverse reactions and time to addition
Authors: Tamura Norio , Ishiguro Chieko , Matsuda Tsutomu 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to quantitatively analyze clinically significant adverse reactions (CSARs) added to drug package inserts after approval and to investigate the time to these post‐approval additions as an indicator of safety‐related regulatory actions.MethodsDrugs containing new active ingredients that had been approved in Japan from April 2001 to December 2010 were analyzed. We examined CSARs that had been reported in the first version of the package inserts and subsequent additions through notifications from Japan's Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare until the end of 2011. Relative risks (RRs) for post‐approval addition of CSARs were calculated for various categories of disorders. The median lengths of time to post‐approval addition of CSARs were compared.ResultsA total of 238 drugs were examined. Of the 2487 CSARs associated with these drugs, 737 had been added after approval. The analysis revealed a higher likelihood for post‐approval addition of CSARs for “Hepatobiliary disorders” (RR: 1.41; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19–1.68), “Gastrointestinal disorders” (RR: 1.35; 95%CI: 1.10–1.66), and “Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders” (RR: 1.52; 95%CI: 1.11–2.07). In contrast, “Cardiac disorders” showed reduced likelihood in comparison with other disorders. For the time until post‐approval addition of CSARs, “Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders” showed the longest durations, with a median of 3020 days.ConclusionsOur quantitative analysis suggests that some CSARs were added more frequently to package inserts after approval and that time to post‐approval additions of CSARs varied with the types of adverse drug reactions. These results can support the coherent implementation of pharmacovigilance activities. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of asymmetric edge‐perturbation and strain on spin‐conduction in zigzag graphene nanoribbons
Authors: Baldwin J. P. C. , Hancock Y. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe role of magnetic asymmetric inhomogeneities in zigzag graphene nanoribbons is studied within the context of a generalised tight‐binding model with mean‐field Hubbard‐U interaction. Perturbing the magnetic strength along one edge of the ribbon and adjusting the ribbonwidth are shown to tune the spin‐conductance and magnetic properties as the uniaxial strain is increased.We demonstrate the closing of the spin‐dependent conductance gap and spin‐selective transmission at the Fermi energy for systems with reduced site‐specific magnetism along the top‐edge of the ribbon. Quantum mechanisms for achieving tunable spin‐conductance as a function of strain are revealed as energy minimisation mechanisms in the model. Such mechanisms may be key in the design of future nanoribbon spintronic devices. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modelling of strain due to martensitic transformation induced by magnetic field and stress in NiCoMnIn magnetocaloric alloys
Authors: Hirsinger Laurent 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe principal thermo‐magneto‐mechanical couplings involved in ferromagnetic shape memory alloys are apprehended and modelled. The well‐known (in mechanics) Clausius‐Clapeyron relation is extended to magnetism. A simplified model with internal variables is built in order to predict the hysteresis loops in strain in Ni45Co5Mn36.5In13.5magnetocaloric alloys. This strain is due to (direct and reverse) martensitic transformation induced by both the magnetic field and the mechanical stress. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
GaN nanowires for piezoelectric generators
Authors: Gogneau Noelle , Chrétien Pascal , Galopin Elisabeth , Guilet Stephane , Travers Laurent , Harmand Jean‐Christophe , Houzé Frédéric 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe demonstrate the high potential of GaN nanowires (NWs) to convert mechanical energy into electric energy. Using an atomic force microscope equipped with a Resiscope module, an average output voltage of –74 mV and a maximum of –443 mV ± 2% per NW were measured. This latter value is the highest reported so far for GaN NWs. By considering these output signals, we have estimated an average and a maximum power density generated by one layer of GaN NWs of the order of 5.9 mW/cm2 and 130 mW/cm2, respectively. These results offer promising prospects for the use of GaN NWs for high‐efficiency ultracompact piezogenerators. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Tropical cyclone convection: the effects of a vortex boundary‐layer wind profile on deep convection
Authors: Kilroy Gerard , Smith Roger K. 
Published: April 2014

We describe idealized numerical model experiments to study the effects of a vortex boundary‐layer wind profile on the generation of vertical vorticity in tropical deep convection. Situations are considered in which there is either no vertical shear above the boundary layer or negative vertical shear appropriate to a warm‐cored vortex. Deep convection growing in these environments develops dipole structures of vertical vorticity in which the cyclonic gyre is favoured and persists longer than the anticyclonic one. The orientation of the dipole at a particular height is determined partly by that of the ambient horizontal vortex lines, which rotate with height, and also by the vertical advection of vertical vorticity from below.An increase in the magnitude of boundary‐layer shear enhances the distortion of the initial thermal, weakening its subsequent ascent rate. This effect is detrimental to vertical vorticity production by stretching but, because the increase in shear implies an increase in the magnitude of horizontal vorticity that can be tilted, its net effect on the vertical vorticity production by tilting cannot be foreseen. In the calculations described, the effect of the increased horizontal vorticity dominates, so that updraughts rising in stronger vertical shear have larger vertical vorticity maxima, despite smaller vertical velocity maxima.With negative vertical shear above the boundary layer, the vorticity dipole reverses in sign with height, as in a recent study of the effects of unidirectional shear. The results provide a basis for appraising a recently proposed conceptual model for the inward contraction of eyewall convection in tropical cyclones, as well as a starting point for developing an improved understanding of the formation of a vorticity monopole during tropical cyclogenesis.
Torsional and cyclic fatigue resistances of glide path preparation instruments: G‐file and PathFile
Authors: Sung Sang Yup , Ha Jung‐Hong , Kwak Sang‐Won , Abed Rashid El , Byeon Kyeongmin , Kim Hyeon‐Cheol 
Published: April 2014

SummaryThis study aimed to compare cyclic fatigue and torsional resistances of glide path creating instruments with different tapers and tip sizes. Two sizes (G1 and G2) from G‐File system and three sizes (PathFile #1, #2, and #3) from PathFile system were used for torsional resistance and cyclic fatigue resistance tests (n = 10). The torsional resistance was evaluated at 2‐, 3‐, 4‐, 5‐, and 6‐mm from the file tip by plotting the torsional load changes until fracture by rotational loading of 2 rpm. The cyclic fatigue resistance was compared by measuring the number of cycles to failure. Data were analyzed statistically using one‐way ANOVA and Duncan's post‐hoc comparison. The length of the fractured file fragment was also measured. All fractured fragments were observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Although G‐2 file showed a lower torsional strength than PathFile #3 at 2‐ and 3‐mm levels (p < 0.05), they had similar ultimate strengths at 4‐, 5‐, and 6‐mm levels (p > 0.05). The smaller files of each brand had a significantly higher cyclic fatigue resistance than the bigger ones (p < 0.05). PathFile #1 and #2 had higher fatigue resistances than G‐files (p < 0.05). While G‐1 had a similar fatigue resistance as PathFile #3, G‐2 showed the lowest and PathFile #1 showed the highest resistances among the tested groups (p < 0.05). The SEM examination showed typical appearances of cyclic fatigue and torsional fractures, regardless of the tested levels. Clinicians may consider the instruments' sizes for each clinical case in order to get efficient glide path with minimal risk of fracture. SCANNING 36:500–506, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Reduce Intervertebral Disc Fibrosis and Facilitate Repair
Authors: Leung Victor Y.L. , Aladin Darwesh M.K. , Lv Fengjuan , Tam Vivian , Sun Yi , Lau Roy Y.C. , Hung Siu-Chun , Ngan Alfonso H.W. , Tang Bin , Lim Chwee Teck , Wu Ed X. , Luk Keith D.K. , Lu William W. , Masuda Koichi , Chan Danny , Cheung Kenneth M.C. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIntervertebral disc degeneration is associated with back pain and radiculopathy which, being a leading cause of disability, seriously affects the quality of life and presents a hefty burden to society. There is no effective intervention for the disease and the etiology remains unclear. Here, we show that disc degeneration exhibits features of fibrosis in humans and confirmed this in a puncture-induced disc degeneration (PDD) model in rabbit. Implantation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to PDD discs can inhibit fibrosis in the nucleus pulposus with effective preservation of mechanical properties and overall spinal function. We showed that the presence of MSCs can suppress abnormal deposition of collagen I in the nucleus pulposus, modulating profibrotic mediators MMP12 and HSP47, thus reducing collagen aggregation and maintaining proper fibrillar properties and function. As collagen fibrils can regulate progenitor cell activities, our finding provides new insight to the limited self-repair capability of the intervertebral disc and importantly the mechanism by which MSCs may potentiate tissue regeneration through regulating collagen fibrillogenesis in the context of fibrotic diseases. Stem Cells 2014;32:2164–2177
The effects and side‐effects of the EU emissions trading scheme
Authors: Laing Timothy , Sato Misato , Grubb Michael , Comberti Claudia 
Published: April 2014

As many countries, regions, cities, and states implement emissions trading policies to limit CO2 emissions, they turn to the European Union's experience with its emissions trading scheme since 2005. As a prominent example of a regional carbon pricing policy, it has attracted significant attention from scholars interested in evaluating the effectiveness and impacts of emissions trading. Among the key difficulties faced by researchers is isolating the effect of the EU ETS on industry operation, investment, and pricing decisions from other dominant factors such as the financial crisis, and establishing credible counterfactual scenarios against this backdrop. This article reviews the evidence, focusing on two intended effects (emissions abatement and investment in low‐carbon technologies) as well as two side‐effects (profits and price impacts). We find that the EU ETS cut CO2 emissions by 40–80 million t/year on average, or 2–4% of the total capped, while the evidence on innovation and investment impacts is inconclusive. There is strong empirical support for cost‐pass through in electricity (20–100%), in diesel and gasoline (>50%), and some preliminary evidence of pricing power in other industrial sectors. Windfall profits have amounted to billions of Euros, and concentrated in a few large companies.This article is categorized under:

Climate Economics > Economics of Mitigation
The Carbon Economy and Climate Mitigation > Policies, Instruments, Lifestyles, Behavior
Policy and Governance > Multilevel and Transnational Climate Change Governance
Between Oxoborate and Nitridoborate: The Oxonitridoborate Oxide La3(OBN2)O2
Authors: Dierkes Tobias , Ströbele Markus , Meyer H. ‐Jürgen 
Published: April 2014

Abstract The new compound La3(OBN2)O2 was prepared by a solid state reaction of LaOCl and Li3(BN2) at 1200 °C in a fused niobium ampoule. A single crystal structure refinement [Pnma, Z = 4, a = 1269.8(2) pm, b = 368.94(5) pm, c = 1101.1(2) pm] indicates the presence of a planar (OBN2)5– ion, which is structurally related to the (BN3)6– ion. The arrangement of atoms in the structure corresponds to a slightly modified structure of Ca3(CBN)Cl2 [Pnma, Z = 4, a = 1386.7(9) pm, b = 384.7(3) pm, c = 1124.7(6) pm].
Zinc(II) and Cadmium(II) Complexes Based on 4,5‐Di(4′‐carboxylphenyl)phthalic Acid Ligand: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Luminescent Properties
Authors: Chang Siyuan , Cao Jianwei , Liu Houting , Qin Xiaoting , Gao Yanfei , Wang Yanqin , Liu Zhiliang 
Published: April 2014

Abstract Three novel complexes, [Zn2(ttca)(tib)H2O]·12H2O (1), [Cd2(ttca)(4,4′‐bipy)(H2O)3]·H2O (2), and [Zn4(H2ttca)4(1,10‐phen)6]·10H2O (3), were successfully synthesized by employing the 4,5‐di(4′‐carboxylphenyl)phthalic acid (H4ttca) and the corresponding metal salts to react with 1,3,5‐tris(1‐imidazolyl)benzene (tib), 4,4′‐bipyridine (4,4′‐bipy) and 1,10‐phenanthroline monohydrate (1,10‐phen), respectively, under hydrothermal conditions. The structures were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses. According to the topological analysis, the complex 1 shows a two‐fold (3,3,4,4)‐connected framework with Schläfli symbol {4·82}{4·84·10}, whereas complex 2 exhibits a (4,5,6)‐connected 3D framework with Schläfli symbol {32·42·5·6}{32·42·53·62·7}{32·42·56·62·73}. Compound 3 is a tetranuclear zinc complex. The luminescence spectra for the solid powder samples were also investigated.
Assessing sarcopenic prevalence and risk factors in residential aged care: methodology and feasibility
Authors: Henwood Timothy R. , Keogh Justin W. , Reid Natasha , Jordan Will , Senior Hugh E. 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundSarcopenia is a significant geriatric syndrome with both health care expenditure and personal burden. Most recently, the European Working Group in Sarcopenia in Older Adults has established a consensus definition and assessment criteria for sarcopenia that includes a below‐normal muscle mass and muscle function (either or both of below‐normal muscle strength and physical performance). Using these criteria, work is needed to identify the prevalence and risk factors among the old, and those most susceptible to sarcopenia, the very old. This manuscript describes the recruitment and data collection methodology, and direct burden to participants, among a very old cohort residing in a residential aged care (RAC) setting.MethodsEleven RAC facilities participated in the study. Potential participants were identified by the facility service manager and then randomised into the study. All participants gave self or substitute decision maker consent. Participants undertook a single one on one assessment that included measures of sarcopenia, functional capacity, cognitive and nutritional health, falls, activity, facility and hospital history, physical activity and assessment burden. A sub‐study of physical activity and sedentary behaviours measured by activPAL3™ inclinometer was also conducted.ResultsOf 709 residents, 328 were ineligible to participate. Two hundred and seventy‐three residents were randomised to the study and 102 gave informed or substitute decision maker consent. Participants were 84.5 ± 8.2 years of age and had been in care for 1,204.2 ± 1,220.1 days. The groups need for care was high (Aged Care Funding Instrument score of 2.6 ± 1.7) and they had a below‐normal functional (Short Physical Performance Battery summery score of 3.5 ± 2.4). The larger percentage of participants had no depression and normal cognitive capacity. A total of 33 residents participated in the activPAL study. Each assessment took an average of 27.0 ± 7.0 min, with a low assessment burden reported by participants.ConclusionsThe successful assessment of sarcopenia and physical activity in a RAC setting is labour intensive to establish, but feasible to conduct. Low recruitment numbers and the restrictive exclusion criteria, may have limited the accuracy of this work. However, this work is a primary step in establishing the level of sarcopenia and its risk factors for those in end‐of‐life care.
Channel morphology, hydrology and geomorphic positioning of a Middle Miocene river system of the Siwalik foreland basin, India
Authors: GOSWAMI PRADEEP K. , DEOPA TANUJA 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSystematic lithofacies, palaeocurrent, palaeomorphological and palaeohydrological analyses have provided detailed information about a hitherto unstudied river system of the Siwalik foreland basin of the Himalaya. Three distinct lithofacies associations, each representing a specific depositional setting, have been identified and named as ‘Facies Association A’, ‘Facies Association B’ and ‘Facies Association C’. The ‘Facies Association A’ comprises pebbly sandstone, cross-bedded sandstone, ripple-laminated sandy siltstone and bioturbated mudstone lithofacies and represents deposits of a braided channel. The ‘Facies Association B’ comprises cross-bedded sandstone, bioturbated mudstone, fine sandstone–mudstone alternation and lensoid to prismatic sandstone lithofacies and represents deposits of a channel, natural levee, crevasse-splay and flood plain of a meandering stream. The ‘Facies Association C’ comprises mottled siltstone–mudstone heterolith and fine sandstone lithofacies and represents deposits of the upland interfluve region. The braided stream had a maximum depth of 4.15 m, maximum width of 305 m and maximum discharge of 7045 cumec, whereas the meandering stream had a sinuosity of 1.26, maximum depth of 3.71 m, maximum width of 180 m and maximum discharge of 4070 cumec. The area had a regional radial outward flow pattern, but dominantly towards the SSW. However, the braided river had a bimodal flow pattern due to an active basement-high-induced bend along its course. A comparison of the sediment characters and morphological and hydrological parameters of these streams with those of the modern rivers of the Ganga (Gangetic) basin has enabled us to infer that this river system was located in the medial-distal megafan-interfan setting of the basin.
Training oscillatory neural networks using natural gradient particle swarm optimization
Authors: Shahbazi Hamed , Jamshidi Kamal , Monadjemi Amir Hasan , Manoochehri Hafez Eslami 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYIn this paper, a new design of neural networks is introduced, which is able to generate oscillatory patterns in its output. The oscillatory neural network is used in a biped robot to enable it to learn to walk. The fundamental building block of the neural network proposed in this paper is O-neurons, which can generate oscillations in its transfer functions. O-neurons are connected and coupled with each other in order to shape a network, and their unknown parameters are found by a particle swarm optimization method. The main contribution of this paper is the learning algorithm that can combine natural policy gradient with particle swarm optimization methods. The oscillatory neural network has six outputs that determine set points for proportional-integral-derivative controllers in 6-DOF humanoid robots. Our experiment on the simulated humanoid robot presents smooth and flexible walking.
Design and simulated characteristics of a new biped mechanism
Authors: Li Tao , Ceccarelli Marco 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYThis paper presents a new biped mechanism with low-cost easy-operation features. The mechanism is designed with functions for straight walking, changing direction, overcoming obstacle, and climbing stairs with only 7 DOFs (degrees of freedom). Dynamics of the biped mechanism are analyzed by means of simulations in the MSC.ADAMS environment. Simulation results in terms of motion torque, joint force, contact force, parts displacement, velocity, and acceleration are reported and analyzed to show the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed solution. In addition, with the simulation results, dynamical motion of the biped mechanism is investigated and its operation performances are characterized as well.
Semiregular elements in cubic vertex-transitive graphs and the restricted Burnside problem
Authors: SPIGA PABLO 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we prove that the maximal order of a semiregular element in the automorphism group of a cubic vertex-transitive graph Γ does not tend to infinity as the number of vertices of Γ tends to infinity. This gives a solution (in the negative) to a conjecture of Peter Cameron, John Sheehan and the author [4, conjecture 2].However, with an application of the positive solution of the restricted Burnside problem, we show that this conjecture holds true when Γ is either a Cayley graph or an arc-transitive graph.
Structure analysis of CaTi1−xSnxO3 (x = 0.0–1.0) solid solutions
Authors: Takani Naoki , Yamane Hisanori 
Published: April 2014

CaTi1−xSnxO3 (x = 0.0–1.0) solid solutions were prepared by solid-state reaction at 1450 °C. Rietveld refinement of their powder X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that all the solid solutions crystallized in orthorhombic cells with the perovskite-type structure, the space group Pbnm. The refined unit-cell parameters linearly increased with nominal tin contents x.