bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hospital practices and concerns about infant satiety are barriers to exclusive breastfeeding in American Samoa
Authors: Hawley Nicola L , Holmdahl Inga , Strait E Ashton , Freeman Joshua R , Muasau-Howard Bethel T , To'oto'o-Solaita Aileen E , McGarvey Stephen T 
Published: June 2015

<p>Introduction: Initiation of breastfeeding is almost universal in American Samoa, but duration of exclusive breastfeeding is short. Increasing the duration of exclusive breastfeeding may be an efficacious strategy for childhood obesity prevention in American Samoa.</p><p>Aim: To understand influences on infant feeding in American Samoa and to identify potential barriers to exclusive breastfeeding</p><p>Methods: A mixed-methods, prospective study following Samoan women (n=44), their partners, and their infants from late pregnancy (average 37 weeks gestation) until eight weeks post-partum was completed in 2013. Participants reported intentions for infant feeding before birth, and practices were self-reported in questionnaires completed at 3- and 8-weeks postpartum.</p><p>Results: While 79.5% of women intended to exclusively breastfeed for the first few weeks postpartum, less than 40% were exclusively breastfeeding at 3-weeks postpartum. Many women of the women who introduced formula before 3-weeks did so before hospital discharge. Barriers to exclusive breastfeeding included lack of skin-to-skin contact after delivery, delays in the initiation of breastfeeding, pain during breastfeeding, and a lack of education about infant satiety cues.</p><p>Discussion: Structural rather than individual level barriers to breastfeeding were identified by American Samoan women. Existing evidence-based interventions to promote exclusive breastfeeding could be adapted for use in this setting and should begin before hospital discharge. </p>
Factors Affecting Readiness for Low Vision Interventions in Older Adults
Authors: Mohler Amanda Jean , Neufeld Peggy , Perlmutter Monica S. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We sought to identify factors that facilitate and inhibit readiness for low vision interventions in people with vision loss, conceptualized as readiness for change in the way they perform daily activities.
METHOD. We conducted 10 semistructured interviews with older adults with low vision and analyzed the results using grounded theory concepts.
RESULTS. Themes involving factors that facilitated change included desire to maintain or regain independence, positive attitude, and presence of formal social support. Themes related to barriers to change included limited knowledge of options and activity not a priority. Themes that acted as both barriers and facilitators were informal social support and community resources.
CONCLUSION. This study provides insight into readiness to make changes in behavior and environment in older adults with vision loss. Study findings can help occupational therapy practitioners practice client-centered care more effectively and promote safe and satisfying daily living activity performance in this population.
Correlational Research to Examine the Relation Between Attachment and Sensory Modulation in Young Children
Authors: Whitcomb Deborah A. , Carrasco Ricardo C. , Neuman Ariela , Kloos Heidi 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
This study investigated whether a relation exists between attachment and sensory modulation in young children. Participants were 68 children ages 3–6 yr recruited through the local community. Caregivers were asked to complete a standardized behavioral inventory of sensory modulation patterns, and parent–child interactions were observed in their home. The evaluator categorized these interactions on the basis of items related to attachment security and dependency. Results revealed modest correlations between attachment and sensory modulation: rs (66) = .28, p = .02. The capacity to predict sensory modulation function by attachment characteristics and the capacity to predict attachment characteristics by sensory modulation function was significant but small (p &lt; .05). These findings supporting a relation between attachment and sensory modulation should be considered when assessing and planning treatment of children with problems in one or both of these areas.
Developmental Test of Visual–Motor Integration (VMI): An Effective Outcome Measure for Handwriting Interventions for Kindergarten, First-Grade, and Second-Grade Students?
Authors: Pfeiffer Beth , Moskowitz Beverly , Paoletti Andrew , Brusilovskiy Eugene , Zylstra Sheryl Eckberg , Murray Tammy 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
We determined whether a widely used assessment of visual–motor skills, the Beery–Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual–Motor Integration (VMI), is appropriate for use as an outcome measure for handwriting interventions. A two-group pretest–posttest design was used with 207 kindergarten, first-grade, and second-grade students. Two well-established handwriting measures and the VMI were administered pre- and postintervention. The intervention group participated in the Size Matters Handwriting Program for 40 sessions, and the control group received standard instruction. Paired and independent-samples t tests were used to analyze group differences. The intervention group demonstrated significant improvements on the handwriting measures, with change scores having mostly large effect sizes. We found no significant difference in change scores on the VMI, t(202) = 1.19, p = .23. Results of this study suggest that the VMI may not detect changes in handwriting related to occupational therapy intervention.
Human Nature Interaction in Ifugao Satoyama Landscape; UNESCO Inscribed Heritage Site and GIAHS
Authors: Madangeng Vicky Cadalig 
Published: June 2015

<p>The photography of satoyama landscape was made to document and appropriately label the different heritage sites &amp; GIAHS in Ifugao to include the various human interactions with regards to their series of activities in the rice terraces. Descriptive analyses of the photographs were presented in narrative form in a simple approach that can be understood and be appreciated by every audience.</p><p>Satoyama landscapes found in Ifugao were built and developed through prolonged interaction between humans and their surrounding ecosystems , as one of grounds that Ifugao is in the UNESCO Heritage Sites (In 1996, the Ifugao Rice Terraces was declared a World Heritage site by the UNESCO) and the only Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Site in the Philippines (GIAHS) and one of the few first listed GIAHS in the world . GIAHS are defined as “ Remarkable land use systems and landscapes which are rich in globally significant biological diversity evolving from the co-adaptation of a community with its environment and its needs and aspirations for sustainable development” (FAO 2002).</p>The researcher used the photos as resources of analysis, defined and labeled the landscapes and human interactions in the heritage sites. The five Ifugao world heritage clusters (Hungduan, Batad, Bangaan, Nagacadan, and Mayoyao,) were considered in this study.
Running as Art Tolerance, Temperament, and the Ineffable
Authors: Edmonds Jeff 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT
This article gives a poetic argument that bodily practices such as those of the devoted runner can revitalize experience through regular encounters with the ineffable. It also argues that language—particularly the language of philosophy—tends to strip experience of its ineffable qualities, reducing lived experience to what can be expressed. Nonverbal and bodily practices can point toward a richer sense of experience, thereby offering a critical view of ways in which an overly linguistic form of contemporary life diminishes experience by ignoring the ineffable. A few critical concepts in the work of a set of antiphilosophers (Nietzsche, James, Wittgenstein, Foucault) are explored as entry points into a more robust philosophical discourse that does less violence to the ineffable qualities of experience.
Moral Dilemma and Moral Sense A Phenomenological Account
Authors: Lueck Bryan 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT
In this article I argue that a phenomenological account of moral sense-bestowal can provide valuable insight into the possibility of moral dilemmas. I propose an account of moral sense-bestowal that is grounded in the phenomenology of expression that Maurice Merleau-Ponty developed throughout the course of his philosophical work and most explicitly in the period immediately following the publication of Phenomenology of Perception. Based on this Merleau-Pontian account of moral sense-bestowal, I defend the view that there are genuine moral dilemmas, that is, that we can be faced with situations of conflicting oughts that we cannot resolve without moral remainder.
Mapping high‐latitude ionospheric electrodynamics with SuperDARN and AMPERE
Authors: Cousins E. D. P. , Matsuo Tomoko , Richmond A. D. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAn assimilative procedure for mapping high‐latitude ionospheric electrodynamics is developed for use with plasma drift observations from the Super Dural Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) and magnetic perturbation observations from the Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment (AMPERE). This procedure incorporates the observations and their errors, as well as two background models and their error covariances (estimated through empirical orthogonal function analysis) to infer complete distributions of electrostatic potential and vector magnetic potential in the high‐latitude ionosphere. The assimilative technique also enables objective error analysis of the results. Various methods of specifying height‐integrated ionospheric conductivity, which is required by the procedure, are implemented and evaluated quantitatively. The benefits of using both SuperDARN and AMPERE data to solve for both electrostatic and vector magnetic potentials, rather than using the data sets independently or solving for just electrostatic potential, are demonstrated. Specifically, solving for vector magnetic potential improves the specification of field‐aligned currents (FACs), and using both data sets together improves the specification of features in regions lacking one type of data (SuperDARN or AMPERE). Additionally, using the data sets together results in a better correspondence between large‐scale features in the electrostatic potential distribution and those in the FAC distribution, as compared to using SuperDARN data alone to infer electrostatic potential and AMPERE data alone to infer FACs. Finally, the estimated uncertainty in the results decreases by typically ∼20% when both data sets rather than just one are included.
Crustal structures across the western Weihe Graben, North China: Implications for extrusion tectonics at the northeast margin of Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Tang Youcai , Zhou Shiyong , Chen Y. John , Sandvol Eric , Liang Xiaofeng , Feng Yongge , Jin Ge , Jiang Mingming , Liu Mian 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe stable Ordos Plateau, extensional Weihe Graben, and Qinling orogenic belt are located at the northeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau. They have been thought to play different roles in the eastward expanding of the Tibetan Plateau. Peking University deployed a linear seismic array across the western end of the Weihe Graben to investigate the crustal structures of the tectonic provinces of this structure. Receiver function analyses revealed low‐to‐moderate Poisson's ratios and anticorrelations between Poisson's ratios and topography beneath the Qinling Orogen. These features may indicate a tectonic thickening of the felsic upper crust by folding and thrusting within the Qinling Orogen. We observed a strong horizontal negative signal at the midcrust beneath the Ordos Plateau which may indicate a low‐velocity zone. This observation would suggest the stable cratonic Ordos Plateau had been modified due to the compression between the Tibetan Plateau and the Ordos Plateau. We also observed an abrupt 4 km Moho offset across the Weihe Fault, changing from ~44 km beneath the Ordos Plateau to ~40 km beneath the Qinling Orogen. We conclude that the Weihe Fault is a lithosphere‐scale fault/shear zone, which extends into the upper mantle beneath the Weihe Graben. It acts as the major boundary separating the stable Ordos Plateau and the active Qinling Orogen.
Evolution of the oceanic lithosphere inferred from Po/So waves traveling in the Philippine Sea Plate
Authors: Shito Azusa , Suetsugu Daisuke , Furumura Takashi 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPo/So waves are characterized by their high‐frequency content and long‐duration travel over great distances (up to 3000km) through the oceanic lithosphere. Po/So waves are developed by the multiple forward scattering of P and S waves due to small‐scale stochastic random heterogeneities. To study the nature of these heterogeneities, Po/So waves are analyzed in the Philippine Sea Plate, which consists of three regions with different lithospheric ages. In the Philippine Sea Plate, Po/So waves propagate in the youngest region (15 Ma) and propagate more effectively in older regions. We investigate the mechanism of this propagation efficiency using numerical finite difference method simulations of 2‐D seismic wave propagation. The results of this study demonstrate that the increase in propagation efficiency of Po/So waves depends on the age of the oceanic lithosphere, and this relationship can be qualitatively explained by thickening of the oceanic lithosphere including small‐scale heterogeneities and a reduction in the intrinsic attenuation. These small‐scale heterogeneities may form continuously in oceanic lithosphere from the time of its formation at a spreading ridge, via the solidification of melts distributed in the asthenosphere.
Improving the accuracy of risk prediction from particle‐based breakthrough curves reconstructed with kernel density estimators
Authors: Siirila‐Woodburn Erica R. , Fernàndez‐Garcia Daniel , Sanchez‐Vila Xavier 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWhile particle tracking techniques are often used in risk frameworks, the number of particles needed to properly derive risk metrics such as average concentration for a given exposure duration is often unknown. If too few particles are used, error may propagate into the risk estimate. In this work, we provide a less error‐prone methodology for the direct reconstruction of exposure duration averaged concentration versus time breakthrough curves from particle arrival times at a compliance surface. The approach is based on obtaining a suboptimal kernel density estimator that is applied to the sampled particle arrival times. The corresponding estimates of risk metrics obtained with this method largely outperform those by means of traditional methods (reconstruction of the breakthrough curve followed by the integration of concentration in time over the exposure duration). This is particularly true when the number of particles used in the numerical simulation is small (
105), and for small exposure times. Percent error in the peak of averaged breakthrough curves is approximately zero for all scenarios and all methods tested when the number of particles is
105. Our results illustrate that obtaining a representative average exposure concentration is reliant on the information contained in each individual tracked particle, more so when the number of particles is small. They further illustrate the usefulness of defining problem‐specific kernel density estimators to properly reconstruct the observables of interest in a particle tracking framework without relying on the use of an extremely large number of particles.
Cost of water for peace and the environment inIsrael: An integrated approach
Authors: Ward Frank A. , Becker Nir 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis paper presents a framework for discovering an economically viable water sharing plan among neighboring communities for promoting peace and environmental protection. Its application is to the Middle East in which Israel may be facing water supply obligations to address environmental requirements and for a possible a peace agreement with its Palestinian neighbors. The framework consists of integrating external factors, constraints, policy instruments, and targets. Our findings from a constrained optimization analysis of Israel's national water system show that the costs of increased deliveries are dependent on two major issues: (1) achieving integrated water resources management (IWRM) in which efficient combinations of expansion from several supply sources and reductions in demands occur over time, and (2) the cost of desalination technologies. We identify a $US 1.46 billion price tag, in present value terms, from using integrated management of demand reduction and supply expansion under current desalination costs. Adjustment costs will decline both with anticipated reductions in desalination costs and with an efficient implementation of IWRM. These adjustments can contribute to moderating regional tensions and protecting key ecological assets while addressing water scarcity in a volatile corner of the world.
Water management: Current and future challenges and research directions
Authors: Cosgrove William J. , Loucks Daniel P. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWater distinguishes our planet compared to all the others we know about. While the global supply of available freshwater is more than adequate to meet all current and foreseeable water demands, its spatial and temporal distributions are not. There are many regions where our freshwater resources are inadequate to meet domestic, economic development and environmental needs. In such regions, the lack of adequate clean water to meet human drinking water and sanitation needs is indeed a constraint on human health and productivity and hence on economic development as well as on the maintenance of a clean environment and healthy ecosystems. All of us involved in research must find ways to remove these constraints. We face multiple challenges in doing that, especially given a changing and uncertain future climate, and a rapidly growing population that is driving increased social and economic development, globalization, and urbanization. How best to meet these challenges requires research in all aspects of water management. Since 1965, the journal Water Resources Research has played an important role in reporting and disseminating current research related to managing the quantity and quality and cost of this resource. This paper identifies the issues facing water managers today and future research needed to better inform those who strive to create a more sustainable and desirable future.
Lithospheric shear wave velocity and radial anisotropy beneath the northern part of North China from surface wave dispersion analysis
Authors: Fu Yuanyuan V. , Gao Yuan , Li Aibing , Shi Yutao 
Published: June 2015

AbstractRayleigh and Love wave phase velocities in the northern part of the North China are obtained from ambient noise tomography in the period range of 8–35 s and two plane wave earthquake tomography at periods of 20–91 s using data recorded at 222 broadband seismic stations from the temporary North China Seismic Array and permanent China Digital Seismic Array. The dispersion curves of Rayleigh and Love wave from 8 to 91 s are jointly inverted for the 3‐D shear wave structure and radial anisotropy in the lithosphere to 140 km depth. Distinct seismic structures is observed from the Fenhe Graben and Taihang Mountain to the North China Basin. The North China Basin from the lower crust to the depth of 140 km is characterized by high‐velocity anomaly, reflecting mafic intrusion and residual materials after the extraction of melt, and by strong radial anisotropy with Vsh > Vsv, implying horizontal layering of intrusion and alignment of minerals due to vigorous extensional deformation and subsequent thermal annealing. However, low‐velocity anomaly and positive radial anisotropy are observed in the Fenhe Graben and Taihang Mountain, suggesting the presence of partial melt in the lithosphere due to the mantle upwelling and horizontal flow pull.
Nonlinear attenuation from the interaction between different types of seismic waves and interaction of seismic waves with shallow ambient tectonic stress
Authors: Sleep Norman H. , Nakata Nori 
Published: June 2015

AbstractStrong seismic waves bring rock into frictional failure at the uppermost few hundred meters. Numerous small fractures slip with the cumulative effect of anelastic strain and nonlinear attenuation; these fractures should not distinguish between remote sources of stress. Still, frictional failure criteria are not evident especially when seismic waves change the normal traction on fractures. We identify three earthquakes as examples where consideration of interaction among dynamic stresses from different wave types and ambient tectonic stress provides theoretical predictions of nonlinear attenuation that are potentially testable with single station seismograms. For example, because Rayleigh waves produce shallow horizontal dynamic tension and compression, frictional failure should preferentially occur on the tensile half‐cycle if no shallow tectonic stress is present and on the compressional half‐cycle if the tectonic stress is already near thrust‐faulting failure. We observed neither effect on records from the 2011 Mw 9.0 Great Tohoku earthquake. However, Rayleigh waves from this event appear to have brought rock beneath MYGH05 station into frictional failure at ∼10 m depth and thus suppressed high‐frequency S waves. The tensile half‐cycle of high‐frequency P waves reduced normal traction on horizontal planes beneath station IWTH25 during the 2008 Mw 6.9 Iwate‐Miyagi earthquake, weakening the rock in shear and suppressing high‐frequency S waves. The near‐field velocity pulse from the 1992 Mw 7.3 Landers earthquake brought the uppermost few hundred meters of granite beneath Lucerne station into frictional failure, suppressing high‐frequency S waves. These moderately positive examples support the reality of nonlinear wave interaction, warranting study future strong ground motions.
Mantle helium along the Newport‐Inglewood fault zone, Los Angeles basin, California: A leaking paleo‐subduction zone
Authors: Boles J. R. , Garven G. , Camacho H. , Lupton J. E. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMantle helium is a significant component of the helium gas from deep oil wells along the Newport‐Inglewood fault zone (NIFZ) in the Los Angeles (LA) basin. Helium isotope ratios are as high as 5.3 Ra (Ra = 3He/4He ratio of air) indicating 66% mantle contribution (assuming R/Ra = 8 for mantle), and most values are higher than 1.0 Ra. Other samples from basin margin faults and from within the basin have much lower values (R/Ra < 1.0). The 3He enrichment inversely correlates with CO2, a potential magmatic carrier gas. The δ13C of the CO2 in the 3He rich samples is between 0 and −10‰, suggesting a mantle influence. The strong mantle helium signal along the NIFZ is surprising considering that the fault is currently in a transpressional rather than extensional stress regime, lacks either recent magma emplacement or high geothermal gradients, and is modeled as truncated by a proposed major, potentially seismically active, décollement beneath the LA basin. Our results demonstrate that the NIFZ is a deep‐seated fault directly or indirectly connected with the mantle. Based on a 1‐D model, we calculate a maximum Darcy flow rate q ∼ 2.2 cm/yr and a fault permeability k ∼ 6 × 10−17 m2 (60 microdarcys), but the flow rates are too low to create a geothermal anomaly. The mantle leakage may be a result of the NIFZ being a former Mesozoic subduction zone in spite of being located 70 km west of the current plate boundary at the San Andreas fault.