bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Putting Holl and Mackintosh in multi-perspective: the new building at the Glasgow School of Art
Authors: Rodger Johnny 
Published: November 2013

The announcement that American architect Steven Holl had won the competition to design a new building for the Glasgow School of Art opposite Charles Rennie Mackintosh's original (built 1897–1909), and the revelation of his plans to the public, provoked plenty of criticism about the possible relationship between the two buildings. Professor William Curtis first wrote on the topic in the Architects' Journal almost a year from the announcement, and his opinions on the relationship were forthright: ‘Rather than dialogue’, he argued, ‘there is a dumb lack of articulation in construction and material.’ A response came in the following issue of the AJ from David Porter, then Professor at the Mackintosh School of Architecture. He disagreed with Curtis, claiming that the new building will have ‘an extraordinary spatial richness’ and that ‘the original sketch Curtis saw in Glasgow last December has progressed very rapidly’, for it was but an early stage in ‘a design strategy driven forward with a mixture of poetics and ruthless pragmatics: qualities that are singularly appropriate in this context, and developed with artistry and skill’.Curtis subsequently wrote a further open letter to ‘the Governors, the Director, the Faculty, Students, Staff, Alumnae and Alumni’ of Glasgow School of Art, which was published in facsimile in the Architects' Journal on 3 March 2011:What a disappointment then to contemplate Steven Holl's proposed addition. It is horrendously out of scale, it dominates Mackintosh, it does not create a decent urban space, it fails to deal with the context near and far, it is clumsy in form and proportion, it lacks finesse in detail, has no relationship to the human figure, and is a stillborn diagram dressed up in Holl clichés such as ‘iceberg’ glass.
Le pan de verre scientifique: Le Corbusier and the Saint-Gobain glass laboratory experiments (1931–32)
Authors: Gutiérrez Rosa Urbano 
Published: November 2013

As to the isothermicity of the translucent walls, experimental laboratories will be able in the near future to give us a new translucent material whose isothermal properties will be equal to that of the thickest wall. From then on, we will witness the inauguration of a new era: buildings will be altogether hermetically closed. Windows will no longer be needed on the façade; consequently neither dust nor flies nor mosquitoes will enter the houses; nor will noise.Le Corbusier's fascination with light and glass formed a continuing thread throughout his career. After his maxim ‘architecture is lighted floors’ came the passionate discourses to defend the building's openness, first with his fenêtre en longueur, the ribbon window, and ultimately with his emblematic pan de verre, the glass wall that would not only provide sunlight-flooded interiors but would also most significantly contribute to shape the Modernist imagery. Despite the profuse explorations invested in this concept, Le Corbusier would always lament his failure to execute his ‘pan de verre 100%’ in the way he would have desired: ‘as a mur neutralisant constituted by a double glass-wall with an internal cavity through which conditioned air would circulate, hot in winter, cold in summer’.The idea of the mur neutralisant was born as part of a challenging environmental theory for buildings, termed either respiration exacte or air exact [1], proposed by Le Corbusier in collaboration with his cousin and practice partner Pierre Jeanneret in 1928. Le Corbusier would describe this theory in two of his most dogmatic publications: first, as one of his lectures (5 October 1929) collected in Précisions (1930) and, second, as part of La Ville Radieuse (1935), his manifesto on modern habitation.
Comparing the distress thermometer (DT) with the patient health questionnaire (PHQ)-2 for screening for possible cases of depression among patients newly diagnosed with advanced cancer
Authors: Lazenby Mark , Dixon Jane , Bai Mei , McCorkle Ruth 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjective:Distress screening guidelines call for rapid screening for emotional distress at the time of cancer diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to examine the distress thermometer's (DT) ability to screen in patients in treatment for advanced cancer who may be depressed.Methods:Using cross-sectional data collected from patients within 30 days of diagnosis with advanced cancer, this study used ROC analysis to determine the optimal-cutoff point of the distress thermometer (DT) for screening for depression as measured by the physician health questionnaire (PHQ)-9; inter-test reliability analysis to compare the DT with the PHQ-2 for screening in possible cases of depression, and multivariate analysis to examine associations among the DT emotional problem list (EPL) items with cases of depression.Results:The average age of the 123 patients in the study was 59.9 (12.9) years. Seventy (56.9%) were female. All had Stage 3 or 4 cancers (40% gastrointestinal, 19% gynecologic, 20% head and neck, 21% lung). The mean DT score was 4 (2.7)/10; and 56 (43%) were depressed as measured by the PHQ-9 ≥5. The optimal DT cut-off score to screen in possible cases of depression was ≥2/10, with a sensitivity of .96, compared to a sensitivity of .32 of the PHQ-2 ≥2. Correlation coefficients for the DT ≥2 and the PHQ-2 with the PHQ-9 ≥5 were 0.4 and −0.2, respectively. EPL items associated with cases of depression were Depression (OR = 0.15, 0.02–0.85) and Sadness (OR = 0.21, 0.06–0.72).Significance of Results:The optimal DT threshold for identifying possible cases of depression at the time of diagnosis is ≥2; this threshold is more sensitive than the PHQ-2 ≥2. EPL items may be used with the DT score to triage patients for evaluation.
Building Innovation Excellence of World Class: The Cluster as an Instrument of Spatial Governance in the European Union
Authors: Ahlqvist Toni 
Published: November 2013

AbstractEuropean spatial governance is becoming an intriguing mix of ideas from the economic, political and cultural spheres. This article asserts that, in the EU's spatial planning, the cluster is increasingly part of a hybrid spatial politics, here named the ‘cluster gaze’, based on the interplay of innovation‐oriented political rationality and spatial governance. To study this process, the article provides an empirical investigation into selected EU documentation. The investigation is based on two perspectives. First, the cluster is analysed as a mediating instrument to stimulate and rescale transnational market developments in the EU. Second, the cluster is studied as an instrument of spatial management — one that builds on a business managerial ethos and endorses a specific hierarchical spatial imaginary and a cluster evidence base to assess the productivity and efficiency of European clusters. Both of these perspectives pave the way for a European ‘politics of cluster excellence’ that is about the constant sharpening of cluster practices, continuous evaluation and ranking, and the enhancement of cluster performance to rise from the ‘European league’ towards the ‘world class’.
Mark–recapture of Cerambyx welensii in dehesa woodlands: dispersal behaviour, population density, and mass trapping efficiency with low trap densities
Authors: Torres‐Vila Luis M. , Sánchez‐González Álvaro , Merino‐Martínez Jesús , Ponce‐Escudero Francisco , Conejo‐Rodríguez Yolanda , Martín‐Vertedor Daniel , Ferrero‐García Juan J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe longhorn beetle, Cerambyx welensii Küster (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), is an emerging pest involved in oak decline episodes in dehesa open woodlands. Larvae are xylophagous and cause considerable physiological, mechanical, and structural damages to trees. Chemical and biological control are currently unsatisfactory. Recent research has shown that mass trapping with a high density of baited traps (40 traps ha−1) could be useful to manage C. welensii populations, although such a trap density was too high to be cost‐effective. In this 2‐year study (2010–2011) we investigated with mark–recapture methods in a large plot (1) the flight dispersal behaviour, (2) the adult population density, and (3) the efficiency of mass trapping at two low trap densities (one or four traps ha−1). Results indicated that many adults were sedentary (60%) but flying adults displayed a strong propensity to move, both sexes dispersing on average more than 200 m and one male and one female flying at least 540 and 349 m, respectively. Recapture rates were high (0.26–0.35) and population density was estimated to be 6–22 adults ha−1 with maximum likelihood models. Trapping efficiency ranged 48–61% with no significant effect of trap density or year. We conclude that results were not satisfactory enough to recommend mass trapping with low trap densities as control method for C. welensii and that more research is still required on the technical, ecological, and behavioural factors affecting control efficiency.
Functional neuroimaging in epileptic encephalopathies
Authors: Siniatchkin Michael , Capovilla Giuseppe 
Published: November 2013

SummaryEpileptic encephalopathies (EEs) represent a group of severe epileptic disorders associated with cognitive and behavioral disturbances. The mechanisms of cognitive disability inEEs remain unclear. This review summarized neuroimaging studies that have tried to describe specific fingerprints of brain activation inEE. Although the epileptic activity can be generated individually in different brain regions, it seems likely that the activity propagates in a syndrome‐specific way. In someEEs, the epileptiform discharges were associated with an interruption of activity in the default mode network. In anotherEE, other mechanisms seem to underlie cognitive disability associated with epileptic activity, for example, abnormal connectivity pattern or interfering activity in the thalamocortical network. Further neuroimaging studies are needed to investigate the short‐term and long‐term impact of epileptic activity on cognition and development.
Experimental assessment of oral hygiene achieved by children wearing rapid palatal expanders, comparing manual and electric toothbrushes
Authors: Mazzoleni S , Bonaldo G , Pontarolo E , Zuccon A , De Francesco M , Stellini E 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjectivesThe aim was to compare the efficacy of the electric versus the manual toothbrush in terms of the oral hygiene achieved by patients wearing rapid palatal expanders (RPEs).MethodsForty patients were randomly divided into two groups; one equipped with a manual toothbrush (Group A), the other with an electric toothbrush (Group B). Each child's plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) were calculated at banded molar level at times T0 (before banding), T1 (a month later), T2 (3 months later) and T3 (when the expander was removed). At each appointment, the PI and GI were recorded and the patient was remotivated.ResultsThe level of oral hygiene achieved by the group using an electric toothbrush produced a greater improvement in the two indexes than in the group using the manual toothbrush that showed no statistically significant improvement (PI T0–T3: P = 0.309; GI T0–T3: P = 0.141). Both indexes dropped considerably in both groups from T0 to T2, but more so in the group B. From T2 to T3, although the electric toothbrush continued to be substantially more effective, Group B showed a statistically significant deterioration in the oral hygiene (PI +20%; GI +33%). Other assessments conducted on particular areas of the tooth showed improvements in the PI (−33%) for the vestibular region, and for the GI (−57%) in the palatal region among the patients in Group B, while there were no significant changes in these indexes in Group A.ConclusionsOur findings show that the electric toothbrush is statistically more efficient in performing an adequate level of oral hygiene in children wearing RPE.
Cardiometabolic risk factors and insulin resistance in obese children and adolescents: relation to puberty
Authors: Tobisch B. , Blatniczky L. , Barkai L. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryWhat is already known about this subject
The prevalence of obesity with concomitant increasing risk for having cardiometabolic diseases is rising in the childhood population.
Insulin resistance has a key role in metabolic changes in these children.
Insulin levels elevate as puberty commences in every individual.
What this study adds
Children with increased risk for cardiometabolic diseases show significant differences in insulin levels even before the onset of puberty compared with those without risks.
The pattern of appearance of dyslipidaemia also varies in children with risk factors even in the pre‐pubertal group from those without risk.
Children with metabolic syndrome display considerably pronounced changes in their metabolic parameters before the onset of puberty, which become more pronounced as puberty passes.
BackgroundInsulin resistance (IR) has a key role in the metabolic changes in obese children. In commencing puberty, the insulin levels elevate. It is not clear, however, how insulin levels develop if the metabolic syndrome appears.ObjectivesMetabolic changes were assessed in obese children before, during and after puberty to analyse the relationship between IR and puberty in subjects with and without metabolic syndrome.MethodsThree hundred thirty‐four obese children (5–19 years) attended the study. The criteria of the International Diabetes Federation were used to assess the presence of cardiometabolic risks (CMRs). Subjects with increased CMR were compared with those without risk (nCMR). Pubertal staging, lipid levels, plasma glucose and insulin levels during oral glucose tolerance test were determined in each participant. IR was expressed by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA‐IR) and the ratio of glucose and insulin areas under the curve (AUC‐IR).ResultsSignificantly higher AUC‐IR were found in pre‐pubertal CMR children compared with nCMR subjects (11.84 ± 1.03 vs. 8.00 ± 0.69; P < 0.01), but no difference was discovered during and after puberty. HOMA‐IR differs between CMR and nCMR only in post‐puberty (6.03 ± 1.26 vs. 2.54 ± 0.23; P < 0.01). CMR children have dyslipidaemia before the onset of puberty.ConclusionsCMR is associated with increased postprandial IR in pre‐pubertal and increased fasting IR in post‐pubertal obese children. Dyslipidaemia appeared already in pre‐puberty in CMR children.
Beyond sports nutrition: the diverse role of dietitians at the Delhi 2010 Commonwealth Games
Authors: Burkhart S. J. , Pelly F. E. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundAlthough registered sports dietitians commonly assist athletes with training and competition nutrition advice, an emerging area of practice is focused around food provision and nutrition support provided at major competition events. The present study aimed, first, to identify the dietetic skills and scope of practice that dietitians may require to work in this environment as determined by the occasions of service provided by dietitians at a nutrition kiosk located in the dining hall at a major competition event and, second, to investigate athletes' opinion and usage of the nutrition services and the association with their type of sport and previous source of nutrition information.MethodsDietitians based at a nutrition kiosk recorded all enquiries (n = 383) and consultations (n = 60) from 23 September to 14 October 2010. A questionnaire was also distributed to athletes in the main dining hall over this period to investigate their opinion and use of nutrition support, as well as their previous source of nutrition information.ResultsAlthough athletes from Western regions made up the majority of the enquiries regarding food provision and special/therapeutic dietary requirements (predominately food allergy and intolerance), athletes from non‐Western regions, and those in weight category sports, had more sports nutrition enquiries and were more likely to request a consultation. A number of athletes (32%) reported no previous or one source of nutrition information, whereas only eight of 52 athletes who requested a consultation had prior nutrition assistance.ConclusionsIn addition to sport nutrition knowledge and experience, dietitians working in this environment are likely to require an understanding of cultural eating styles, food beliefs and customs, large‐scale food service operation, and local food availability.
Pharmacokinetic evaluation of oral dantrolene in the dog
Authors: Haraschak J. L. , Langston V. C. , Wang R. , Riggs C. , Fellman C. , Ross M. K. , Bulla C. , Lunsford K. , Mackin A. , Archer T. 
Published: November 2013

The pharmacokinetics of dantrolene and its active metabolite, 5‐hydroxydantrolene, after a single oral dose of either 5 or 10 mg/kg of dantrolene was determined. The effects of exposure to dantrolene and 5‐hydroxydantrolene on activated whole‐blood gene expression of the cytokines interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) were also investigated. When dantrolene was administered at a 5 mg/kg dose, peak plasma concentration (Cmax) was 0.43 μg/mL, terminal half‐life (t1/2) was 1.26 h, and area under the time–concentration curve (AUC) was 3.87 μg·h/mL. For the 10 mg/kg dose,Cmaxwas 0.65 μg/mL,t1/2was 1.21 h, and AUC was 5.94 μg·h/mL. For all calculated parameters, however, there were large standard deviations and wide ranges noted between and within individual dogs:t1/2, for example, ranged from 0.43 to 6.93 h,Cmaxratios ranged from 1.05 to 3.39, and relative bioavailability (rF) values ranged from 0.02 to 1.56. While activated whole‐blood expression ofIL‐2 andIFN‐γ as measured byqRT‐PCRwas markedly suppressed following exposure to very high concentrations (30 and 50 μg/mL, respectively) of both dantrolene and 5‐hydroxydantrolene, biologically and therapeutically relevant suppression of cytokine expression did not occur at the much lower drug concentrations achieved with oral dantrolene dosing.
An ecogenomic analysis of herbivore‐induced plant volatiles in Brassica juncea
Authors: Mathur Vartika , Tytgat Tom O. G. , Hordijk Cornelis A. , Harhangi Harry R. , Jansen Jeroen J. , Reddy A. Sankara , Harvey Jeffrey A. , Vet Louise E. M. , van Dam Nicole M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractUpon herbivore feeding, plants emit complex bouquets of induced volatiles that may repel insect herbivores as well as attract parasitoids or predators. Due to differences in the temporal dynamics of individual components, the composition of the herbivore‐induced plant volatile (HIPV) blend changes with time. Consequently, the response of insects associated with plants is not constant either. Using Brassica juncea as the model plant and generalist Spodoptera spp. larvae as the inducing herbivore, we investigated herbivore and parasitoid preference as well as the molecular mechanisms behind the temporal dynamics in HIPV emissions at 24, 48 and 72 h after damage. In choice tests, Spodoptera litura moth preferred undamaged plants, whereas its parasitoid Cotesia marginiventris favoured plants induced for 48 h. In contrast, the specialist Plutella xylostella and its parasitoid C. vestalis preferred plants induced for 72 h. These preferences matched the dynamic changes in HIPV blends over time. Gene expression analysis suggested that the induced response after Spodoptera feeding is mainly controlled by the jasmonic acid pathway in both damaged and systemic leaves. Several genes involved in sulphide and green leaf volatile synthesis were clearly up‐regulated. This study thus shows that HIPV blends vary considerably over a short period of time, and these changes are actively regulated at the gene expression level. Moreover, temporal changes in HIPVs elicit differential preferences of herbivores and their natural enemies. We argue that the temporal dynamics of HIPVs may play a key role in shaping the response of insects associated with plants.
Effect of syringe and aggregate filter administration on survival of transfused autologous fresh feline red blood cells
Authors: Heikes Brandon W. , Ruaux Craig G. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effect of transfusion using a syringe and microaggregate filter on short‐term survival and circulating half‐life of autologous feline RBCs.DesignProspective, internally controlled, observational study.SettingA University Teaching HospitalAnimalsSix apparently healthy, owned cats.InterventionsBlood collection by jugular venipuncture. Transfusion with labeled, autologous, fresh RBCs.Measurements and Main ResultsAnticoagulated whole blood (35 mL/cat) was collected in 2 equal aliquots. RBCs were washed and labeled at 2 different biotin densities, before suspension in autologous plasma. Labeled RBCs were then transfused using 2 methods, gravity flow and pump delivery using a 20 mL syringe and 18 μm microaggregate filter.Whole blood samples were collected from each cat at 2‐hour intervals for 12 hours following completion of the transfusions. Additional samples were collected at weekly intervals up to 6 weeks to assess circulating half‐life of the transfused cells. Cell survival was assessed via flow cytometry. The proportion of transfused cells remaining in each of the 2 populations was measured.Biotinylated RBCs were readily detected in all cats over the 6‐week sampling period. There was a significant decrease in both populations of labeled cells over the 6‐week period (P< 0.01), as expected. There was no difference in probability that the RBCs would survive up to 12 hours immediately following transfusion, and no significant difference in survival between the 2 groups over 6 weeks. The average half‐life of all labeled cells was approximately 23 days.ConclusionsWe conclude that, in contrast to findings from dogs, transfusion of autologous feline RBCs using a syringe + aggregate filter method does not significantly impact short‐ or long‐term survival of the transfused cells.
An Optimizing Method to Balance Aerodynamic Loading for Gas Turbine Engine Preliminary Design
Authors: Tu Qiuye , Huang Xianzhong , Shi Yang , Yang Kun , Zhou Li 
Published: November 2013

This paper presents a method to balance aerodynamic loading by optimizing the combined efficiencies of co-axial compressors and turbines for engine preliminary design. Relationships between the aerodynamic and dimensional parameters for co-axial compressors and turbines were set up by nonlinear equations. And the boundary conditions of the equations are thermodynamic parameters and Smith Charts of compressors and turbines.
The process of the method includes the initial value guess, reference point determination and aerodynamic optimization. The first step solves approximate stage numbers for co-axial compressors and turbines, and other initial values used in the second step. In the second step, an appropriate solution of the equations determines a reference point on the Smith Chart. The first step is required for a better convergence in the second step due to the nature of the Newton-Raphson solver. In the third step, the combined efficiencies of co-axial compressors and turbines are optimized under the specified constraints.
An optimizing tool was developed based on the proposed method. An example of a core engine was analyzed by using this tool. The results showed the reliability and high fidelity of the method.