bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of cold compress application on tissue temperature in healthy dogs
Authors: Millard Ralph P. , Towle-Millard Heather A. , Rankin David C. , Roush James K. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Objective—To measure the effect of cold compress application on tissue temperature in healthy dogs.
Animals—10 healthy mixed-breed dogs.
Procedures—Dogs were sedated with hydromorphone (0.1 mg/kg, IV) and diazepam (0.25 mg/kg, IV). Three 24-gauge thermocouple needles were inserted to a depth of 0.5 (superficial), 1.0 (middle), and 1.5 (deep) cm into a shaved, lumbar, epaxial region to measure tissue temperature. Cold (–16.8°C) compresses were applied with gravity dependence for periods of 5, 10, and 20 minutes. Tissue temperature was recorded before compress application and at intervals for up to 80 minutes after application. Control data were collected while dogs received identical sedation but with no cold compress.
Results—Mean temperature associated with 5 minutes of application at the superficial depth was significantly decreased, compared with control temperatures. Application for 10 and 20 minutes significantly reduced the temperature at all depths, compared with controls and 5 minutes of application. Twenty minutes of application significantly decreased temperature at only the middle depth, compared with 10 minutes of application.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—With this method of cold treatment, increasing application time from 10 to 20 minutes caused a further significant temperature change at only the middle tissue depth; however, for maximal cooling, the minimum time of application should be 20 minutes. Possible changes in tissue temperature and adverse effects of application > 20 minutes require further evaluation.
Effect of warm compress application on tissue temperature in healthy dogs
Authors: Millard Ralph P. , Towle-Millard Heather A. , Rankin David C. , Roush James K. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Objective—To measure the effect of warm compress application on tissue temperature in healthy dogs.
Animals—10 healthy mixed-breed dogs.
Procedures—Dogs were sedated with hydromorphone (0.1 mg/kg, IV) and diazepam (0.25 mg/kg, IV). Three 24-gauge thermocouple needles were inserted to a depth of 0.5 cm (superficial), 1.0 cm (middle), and 1.5 cm (deep) into a shaved, lumbar, epaxial region to measure tissue temperature. Warm (47°C) compresses were applied with gravity dependence for periods of 5, 10, and 20 minutes. Tissue temperature was recorded before compress application and at intervals for up to 80 minutes after application. Control data were collected while dogs received identical sedation but with no warm compress.
Results—Mean temperature associated with 5 minutes of heat application at the superficial, middle, and deep depths was significantly increased, compared with the control temperature. Application for 10 minutes significantly increased the temperature at all depths, compared with 5 minutes of application. Mean temperature associated with 20 minutes of application was not different at the superficial or middle depths, compared with 10 minutes of application. Temperature at the deep depth associated with 10 minutes of application was significantly higher, compared with 20 minutes of application, but all temperature increases at this depth were minimal.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that application of a warm compress should be performed for 10 minutes. Changes in temperature at a tissue depth of 1.5 cm were minimal or not detected. The optimal compress temperature to achieve therapeutic benefits was not determined.
Effects of route of administration and feeding schedule on pharmacokinetics of robenacoxib in cats
Authors: King Jonathan N. , Jung Martin , Maurer Max P. , Schmid Vincent B. , Seewald Wolfgang , Lees Peter 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Objective—To establish pharmacokinetics of robenacoxib after administration to cats via the IV, SC, and oral routes.
Animals—24 cats.
Procedures—In a crossover design, robenacoxib was administered IV, SC, and orally (experiment 1) and orally (experiment 2) to cats with different feeding regimens. Blood robenacoxib concentrations were assayed, with a lower limit of quantification of 3 ng/mL.
Results—In experiment 1, geometric mean pharmacokinetic values after IV administration of robenacoxib were as follows: blood clearance, 0.44 L/kg/h; plasma clearance, 0.29 L/kg/h; elimination half-life, 1.49 hours; and volume of distribution at steady state (determined from estimated plasma concentrations), 0.13 L/kg. Mean bioavailability was 69% and median time to maximum concentration (Cmax) was 1 hour for cats after SC administration of robenacoxib, whereas mean bioavailability was 49% and 10% and median time to Cmax was 1 hour and 30 minutes after oral administration to cats after food withholding and after cats were fed their entire ration, respectively. In experiment 2, geometric mean Cmax was 1,159, 1,201, and 692 ng/mL and area under the curve from 0 to infinity was 1,337, 1,383, and 1,069 ng × h/mL following oral administration to cats after food withholding, cats fed one-third of the daily ration, and cats fed the entire daily ration, respectively.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—For treatment of acute conditions in cats, it is recommended to administer robenacoxib by IV or SC injection, orally after food withholding, or orally with a small amount of food to obtain optimal bioavailability and Cmax.
Plasma matrix metalloproteinase activity in horses after intravenous infusion of lipopolysaccharide and treatment with matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors
Authors: Fugler Lee Ann , Eades Susan C. , Moore Rustin M. , Koch Catherine E. , Keowen Michael L. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Objective—To establish an in vivo method for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 induction in horses via IV administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and to evaluate the ability of doxycycline, oxytetracycline, flunixin meglumine, and pentoxifylline to inhibit equine MMP-2 and MMP-9 production.
Animals—29 adult horses of various ages and breeds and either sex.
Procedures—In part 1, horses received an IV administration of LPS (n = 5) or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (5). Venous blood samples were collected before and at specified times for 24 hours after infusion. Plasma was harvested and analyzed for MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities via zymography. In part 2, horses received doxycycline (n = 5), oxytetracycline (5), flunixin meglumine (5), or pentoxifylline (4) before and for up to 12 hours after administration of LPS. Plasma was obtained and analyzed, and results were compared with results from the LPS-infused horses of part 1.
Results—Administration of LPS significantly increased MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities in the venous circulation of horses. All MMP inhibitors significantly decreased LPS-induced increases in MMP activities but to differing degrees. Pentoxifylline and oxytetracycline appeared to be the most effective MMP-2 and MMP-9 inhibitors, whereas doxycycline and flunixin meglumine were more effective at inhibiting MMP-2 activity than MMP-9 activity.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—IV administration of LPS to horses caused increased venous plasma activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9. These MMP activities were reduced by pentoxifylline and oxytetracycline, suggesting that further evaluation of these medications for treatment and prevention of MMP-associated diseases in horses is indicated.
Effect of transportation during periods of high ambient temperature on physiologic and behavioral indices of beef heifers
Authors: Theurer Miles E. , White Brad J. , Anderson David E. , Miesner Matt D. , Mosier Derek A. , Coetzee Johann F. , Amrine David E. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Objective—To determine the effect of transportation during periods of high ambient temperature on physiologic and behavioral indices of beef heifers.
Animals—20 heifers (mean body weight, 217.8 kg).
Procedures—Ten heifers were transported 518 km when the maximum ambient temperature was ≥ 32.2°C while the other 10 heifers served as untransported controls. Blood samples were collected from transported heifers at predetermined intervals during the transportation period. For all heifers, body weights, nasal and rectal temperatures, and behavioral indices were measured at predetermined intervals for 3 days after transportation. A week later, the entire process was repeated such that each group was transported twice and served as the control twice.
Results—Transported heifers spent more time near the hay feeder on the day of transportation, had lower nasal and rectal temperatures for 24 hours after transportation, and spent more time lying down for 2 days after transportation, compared with those indices for control heifers. Eight hours after transportation, the weight of transported heifers decreased 6%, whereas that of control heifers increased 0.6%. At 48 hours after initiation of transportation, weight, rectal temperature, and time spent at various pen locations did not differ between transported and control heifers. Cortisol concentrations were higher 4 hours after initiation of transportation, compared with those determined just prior to transportation.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated transportation during periods of high ambient temperatures caused transient changes in physiologic and behavioral indices of beef heifers.
Algae - Heavy Metals Biosorbent / Glony - Biosorbent Metali Ciężkich
Authors: Rajfur Małgorzata 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The publication is a synthetic collection of information on the sorption properties of marine and freshwater algae. Kinetics and sorption equilibrium of heavy metals in algae-solution system, influence of abiotic factors on the process of sorption and desorption of analytes from biomass are discussed. In paper the results of laboratory tests conducted using different species and types of algae, which purpose was to assess their usefulness as natural sorbents, are described. The conclusions drawn from current research confirm the results from literature.
Chemometric Analysis of Heavy Metals Coexistence in Different Plant Matrices in The Upper Silesian Industrial District / Analiza Chemometryczna Metali Ciężkich Pochodzących Z Różnych Matryc Roślinnych Z Terenów Górnośląskiego Okręgu Przemysłowego
Authors: Pieszko Celina , Sajdak Marcin 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Contents of Zn, Cd, Ni, Mn, Cu, Pb and Fe in 36 samples of Scots pine collected in 9 sites located in the Upper Silesia Province have been determined using AAS technique. The samples were digested before the analysis. On the basis of cluster analysis the existence of links between the quantitative composition, the sampling sites and the type of the matrix have been found. The coexistence of certain groups of elements was found and described.
Combining Geographic Region with Meta-Analysis to Map the Potential Association between Three Genetic Polymorphisms and Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Hua Lin , Li Lin , Zhou Ping , Yang Zheng 
Published: February 2013

Summary
Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a complex trait influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Geographic isolation and natural selection present fundamental forces to diversify genetic backgrounds during human evolution and migration. In this study, we attempted to assess whether human geographic isolation affects the genetic predisposition of CAD.
Methods: We first included 21 genetic association studies of the methyl enetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphism C677T and CAD from 16 geographic regions consisting of 9,008 participants and performed a meta-ana - lysis based on the distributions of these studies.
ResultsIt was found that the positive signals for the association of C677T with CAD were mainly enriched in the regions of northern Afri ca (pooled OR=1.73, 95% CI=1.45-2.06, Z=3.17, P<0.0001) and India (pooled OR=1.61, 95% CI=1.30- 2.00, Z=4.38, P<0.0001). To validate the potential geographic effects on the genetic polymorphism of CAD, we then carried out two additional metaanalyses involving 30 and 13 studies on genetic associations of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/ deletion (I/D) and APOA5 gene T1131C polymorphisms for CAD consisting of 22,190 and 12,322 participants, respectively. We found that the associations of T1131C with CAD were concentrated in East Asia (pooled OR=1.35, 95% CI=1.22-1.49, Z=6.00, P<10-5), whereas the associations of I/D polymorphism with CAD were clustering in Europe and America (pooled OR=1.20, 95% CI=1.04-1.39, Z=2.49, P=0.01) and Turkey (pooled OR=1.33, 95% CI=1.05-1.69, Z=2.40, P=0.02).
Conclusions: Our results showed that geographic isolation might have potential effects on the genetic polymorphism of human complex diseases, such as CAD.
The Developmental Stages of An Accumulative Cone of Dry Valley as an Indication of Change in Natural Environment Conditions (Western Pomerania)
Authors: Paluszkiewicz Renata 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to present the stages of development of an alluvial cone as an indication of change in natural environment conditions. a detailed research was conducted within the upland regions of Drawsko Lakeland. At the valley mouth of one of the erosional-denudational valleys an alluvial cone in question splays out. The imparity between the capacity of the erosional-denudational valley and the capacity of the alluvial cone indicates that the main stage of erosion had taken place before the cone’s deposition. During the beginning stage the material acquired from the dissection was most likely delivered directly to the channel of Dębnica river and was incorporated in the fluvial transport. The cone was formed during the later stage. The results of the radiocarbon analyses reveal that the formation of the alluvial cone and the valley associated with the cone took place during the Subatlantic. It was also estimated that the cone aggraded with the rate of approximately 3,9 mm per year
Global Warming and Climate Change: Science and Politics
Authors: Ollier Cliff 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The threat of dangerous climate change from anthropogenic global warming has decreased. Global temperature rose from 1975 to 1998, but since then has levelled off. Sea level is now rising at about 1.5mm per year based on tide gauges, and satellite data suggests it may even be falling. Coral islands once allegedly threatened by drowning have actually increased in area. Ice caps cannot possibly slide into the sea (the alarmist model) because they occupy kilometres-deep basins extending below sea level. Deep ice cores show a succession of annual layers of snow accumulation back to 760,000 years and in all that time never melted, despite times when the temperature was higher than it is today. Sea ice shows no change in 30 years in the Arctic. Emphasis on the greenhouse effect stresses radiation and usually leads to neglect of important factors like convection. Water is the main greenhouse gas. The CO2 in the ocean and the atmosphere are in equilibrium: if we could remove CO2 from the atmosphere the ocean would give out more to restore the balance. Increasing CO2 might make the ocean less alkaline but never acid. The sun is now seen as the major control of climate, but not through greenhouse gases. There is a very good correlation of sunspots and climate. Solar cycles provide a basis for prediction. Solar Cycle 24 has started and we can expect serious cooling. Many think that political decisions about climate are based on scientific predictions but what politicians get are projections based on computer models. The UN’s main adviser, the IPCC, uses adjusted data for the input, their models and codes remain secret, and they do not accept responsibility for their projections.
Character of the relationship with Alzheimer patient and the psychological costs of care.
Authors: Wojtyna Ewa , Popiołek Katarzyna 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia. The aim of this study was to determine thedependence between the quality of the caregiver-patient relationship and the psychological costs the caregiver bearsduring the caregiving period. This study encompassed 292 caregivers (104 partners, 117 children and 71 friends or otherspersons).The study indicated the greatest level of depression and caregiving-related burdens in the spouses group, and the leastin the friends/others group. The most important predictor of the level of burden in the caregiving role turned out to bethe nature of the caregiver-patient relationship; however, a varying set of the significance of individual elements of thisrelationship were indicated in different caregiver groups.
The relationship between general and specific self-efficacy during the decision-making process considering treatment
Authors: Życińska Jolanta , Kuciej Alicja , Syska-Sumińska Joanna 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

The aim of the study was to confirm the mediation effects of the task-specific self-efficacy on the relationship
between the general self-efficacy and intention and planning considering treatment. The study comprised 265 subjects,
of which 165 were post-mastectomy women and 100 patients hospitalized due to acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The
variables were assessed using the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) and tools developed to examine the context
of treatment. The data were analyzed using the bootstrapping procedure. The results confirmed the indirect effects of
task-specific self-efficacy, both in women making a decision to undergo breast reconstruction, and in patients after ACS
formulating intention to change risk behaviours. As smoking was considered to be a moderator in the post-ACS group,
the obtained associations were observed only among the patients declaring quitting smoking. In view of the fact that taskspecific self-efficacy is susceptible to context (e.g. it may depend on quitting smoking), it is useful to assess it in order to
increase treatment effectiveness.
Cognitive aspects of participation: Evidence from two studies
Authors: Stocki Ryszard , Bielecki Andrzej 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

The trouble of proving the effects of participation lies in the mismatch between three aspects of ownership:
physical (possession), legal (ownership proper) and psychological (participation). In our interdisciplinary systemic
model of ownership, we propose 10 relationships related to ownership/participation from: „A is a part of B” - greatest
involvement to „A does not know about B” - the least involvement. „A” and „B” may take different values of: a person,
an institution, a community, a group, an object (material, energetic, informational, purchasing).
Once formalized we can view the studies in participation from one, system theory point of view, and formulate hypotheses
related to many aspects of ownership. A multilevel analysis with multiple measures of both participation and effectiveness
from two data sets has supported the proposed model.
The notion of transcendence and psychoanalysis in Karl Stern’s works
Authors: Szałek Piotr 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis paper is a study of the essential property of human existence - transcendence, whose characteristics can bederived from Karl Stern’s works. By criticizing the model of contemporary psychology for its mechanistic character, Sterntries to prove that it is psychoanalysis that enables us to found a humanistic base for understanding human transcendencetowards God. In this way, Stern passes over the fact that the humanistic sense of transcendence was established in VictorFrankl’s philosophy of existence. Stern blemishes the basic meanings of Freud’s psychoanalysis, which, as such, is notsuitable for Stern’s procedure of humanization.
The Selected Aspects of Gender Equality in European Union
Authors: Krošláková Monika , Mečiar Radoslava 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Despite the laws and regulations that should ensure equal gender treatment, women are still disadvantaged in all businesses and public sector. This discrimination is manifested particularly in the approach to jobs, financial evaluation, political nominations and opportunities of developing their abilities regardless of gender. The gender differences in work and public life remain even today the most visible evidence of inequality between men and women in our society. The gender equality is one of the fundamental principles of EU law and all its member countries committed to be in the compliance with it. This article reviews the current state of gender equality in EU.
Towards the Importance of Theories of Trade as Part of Trade Science
Authors: Francová Zuzana , Breveníková Daniela 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Theory of trade is a name dealing with trade as a scientific discipline, which is made up of a set of generalised knowledge of trade, of laws determining its essence and operation. This scientific discipline also includes the knowledge of the origin of the relations, operation of these relations, and their means and tools in trade. Theory of trade is a summary of numerous interrelated and partial theories of trade, which are based on the pillars of general economic theory and general trade theory. The aim of the paper is to highlight the importance of some of these theories with focus on their historical retrospective as well as to evaluate to what extent each of these theories is justified.
Marketing’s Influence within Companies: Current Issues and their Possible Resolution
Authors: Karlíček Miroslav , Drábik Peter 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Marketing is a fundamental business function which is directly connected to the company’s long-term performance. However, the marketing function seems to be marginalized in many companies. The main reasons for the relatively low power of the marketing function within the private sector are insufficient control of CMOs over marketing strategy and the marketing mix, lack of convenient measures for capturing the effectiveness and efficiency of marketing investments, the tactical and short-termed orientation of marketing departments, and last but not least the low reputation of the marketing profession. This study analyzes these four factors and proposes steps which can be undertaken by CEOs, marketers themselves and business faculties to leverage the influence of the marketing function and therefore also the overall performance of a company
Multimodal Ultrasonic Imaging for Breast Cancer Detection
Authors: Camacho Jorge , Medina Luis , Cruza Jorge F. , Moreno José M. , Fritsch Carlos 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Ultrasound is used for breast cancer detection as a technique complementary to mammography, the standard screening method. Current practice is based on reflectivity images obtained with conventional instruments by an operator who positions the ultrasonic transducer by hand over the patient’s body. It is a non-ionizing radiation, pain-free and not expensive technique that provides a higher contrast than mammography to discriminate among fluid-filled cysts and solid masses, especially for dense breast tissue. However, results are quite dependent on the operator’s skills, images are difficult to reproduce, and state-of-the-art instruments have a limited resolution and contrast to show micro-calcifications and to discriminate between lesions and the surrounding tissue. In spite of their advantages, these factors have precluded the use of ultrasound for screening.
This work approaches the ultrasound-based early detection of breast cancer with a different concept. A ring array with many elements to cover 360◦ around a hanging breast allows obtaining repeatable and operator-independent coronal slice images. Such an arrangement is well suited for multi-modal imaging that includes reflectivity, compounded, tomography, and phase coherence images for increased specificity in breast cancer detection. Preliminary work carried out with a mechanical emulation of the ring array and a standard breast phantom shows a high resolution and contrast, with an artifact-free capability provided by phase coherence processing.