bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of cash holdings and external financing on investment-cash flow sensitivity
Authors: Kim Tae-Nyun 
Published: August 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to propose several factors which can explain the negative relationship between financial constraints and investment-cash flow sensitivity.

Design/methodology/approach
– The author uses traditional fixed effects model and minimum distance panel estimation by Erickson and Whited (2000) to estimate investment-cash flow sensitivity in the cash flow-augmented investment equation. In addition, principal component analysis is used to construct a financial constraints measure.

Findings
– First, it was found that substitutability between cash holdings and free cash flow can partially explain why financially constrained firms do not depend on cash flow as heavily as we expect. Second, it was confirmed that the level of net external financing can also partially explain the investment-cash flow sensitivity puzzle. Furthermore, it was argued that the influence of cash holdings and external financing on investment-cash flow sensitivity is caused by the low level of internal cash flow for financially constrained firms. This argument is supported by our findings from an examination of investment-cash flow sensitivity for bank-dependent firms during the recession periods.

Originality/value
– This paper contributes to the literature by suggesting possible partial explanations for the contradictory relationship between investment-cash flow sensitivity and financial constraints.
Transferring cognitive apprenticeship to manufacturing process knowledge management system
Authors: Cheng Chen-Yang , Ou Tsung-Yin , Chen Tzu-Li , Chen Yin-Yann 
Published: August 2014

Purpose– This study aims to develop a manufacturing process management system which aims to benefit the excavation, collection and search of the mentors’ experience and knowledge. The coating painting industry is a typical small and medium-sized traditional industry and usually depends on master's experience to solve the manufacturing problem.Design/methodology/approach– Based on the characteristics and manufacturing process of the architectural coating industry, this study develops a practical knowledge management system (KMS) with two stages. The first stage collects and analyzes manufacturing process data, and the second stage constructs the KMS of the manufacturing process.Findings– This manufacturing process KMS can accumulate and share the operators’ experience and knowledge systematically; this KMS not only improves the apprentices’ skill and problem-solving abilities but also enhances the enterprise’s overall product quality, undoubtedly.Research limitations/implications– This manufacturing process KMS was designed to be implemented in architectural coating industry which is defined as a “3K” industry. Such a specific manufacturing process KMS is not a generalized principles system which is hard to apply to other industries because the different industries own different explicit and tacit knowledge which cannot be captured in this study simultaneously. Further research will try to design a more complete and integrated KMS for industry and combine it with other approaches such as TRIZ (Russian acronym for the theory of inventive problem solving), patent database and problem-solving tools.Practical implications– The developments of this manufacturing process KMS software was based on systematic analysis and design. Using the architectural coating industry as an example, this system externalized the cognitive apprenticeship and developed a KMS based on the characteristics of the manufacturing process to preserve and share the valuable manufacturing process knowledge.Originality/value– The paper extends knowledge management’s contribution to externalize the cognitive apprenticeship and develop a KMS. The adoption of this manufacturing process KMS enables employees to improve their techniques, skills and problem-solving abilities and enables companies to enhance the overall product quality.
The Neurological Hand Deformity Classification for children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Georgiades Melissa , Elliott Catherine , Wilton Judith , Blair Eve , Blackmore Marie , Garbellini Simon 
Published: August 2014

Background/aimThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the Neurological Hand Deformity Classification and use it to describe changes in hand deformity over time in children with cerebral palsy.MethodsWe identified 114 video clips of 26 children with cerebral palsy, aged 1–18 years (mean = 8.4, SD = 4.2), performing upper‐limb tasks at multiple time points (n = 3–8) at least 6 months apart. Using the Neurological Hand Deformity Classification, three observers classified hand deformity in the video clips. Inter‐ and intra‐observer reliabilities were estimated using Fleiss and Cohen's kappa (κ) and the temporal changes in classification of hand deformity were investigated.ResultsInter‐ and intra‐observer reliability respectively were κ = 0.87 and κ = 0.91. Hand deformity was identified in all children at all time points, even before the age of 2 years. Ten children did not change hand classification, wrist flexion increased in eight, and eight showed changes from wrist flexion to extension or vice versa.ConclusionsThe Neurological Hand Deformity Classification is a reliable tool to classify hand deformity in children with cerebral palsy. For more than one‐third of children hand deformity classification did not change. For the remaining children, two patterns of change in hand deformity over time were identified. It is recommended that children with cerebral palsy involving their upper limbs be monitored regularly.Significance of the studyThis is the first study to document longitudinal changes in hand deformity in children with cerebral palsy.
Examining the inter‐rater and test–retest reliability of the Student Practice Evaluation Form‐Revised (SPEF‐R) for occupational therapy students
Authors: Rodger Sylvia , Coleman Allison , Caine Anne‐Maree , Chien Chi‐Wen , Copley Jodie , Turpin Merrill , Brown Ted 
Published: August 2014

Background/aimThe Student Practice Evaluation Form‐Revised Edition (SPEF‐R) is widely used in Australian universities to evaluate occupational therapy students’ performance in practice education. Reliable completion of theSPEF‐R by practice educators is critical for students and universities from a quality assurance perspective. This study used standardised video vignettes to examine the inter‐rater and test–retest reliability of practice educators when completing theSPEF‐R.MethodsNine vignettes were developed with three levels of student performance (below expectations, adequate‐to‐proficient, and outstanding) for each of three scenarios which depicted a multidisciplinary team meeting, a supervision session, and a home visit respectively. Seventy‐five occupational therapy practice educators viewed the vignettes and completed an online survey to rate student performance in each vignette using five selectedSPEF‐R items and using the five‐point rating scale. Twenty of these practice educators completed the rating process twice for test–retest reliability purposes. Percentage agreement, t‐tests and Rasch Measurement Model were used for analysis.ResultsPractice educators exhibited consistent ratings on most of theSPEF‐R items, except for rating adequate‐to‐proficient student performance on three items for inter‐rater reliability and eight items for test–retest reliability. Rasch analysis found that the majority of practice educators (96–98.7%) exhibited consistency in their use of theSPEF‐R rating scales. Practice educators also demonstrated satisfactory test–retest agreement of severity/leniency in rating student performance in the multidisciplinary team meeting scenario.ConclusionThe study findings suggest that theSPEF‐R could be used reliably and interpreted consistently by practice educators with diverse backgrounds and levels of experience.
Compositional profile of α / β‐hydrolase fold proteins in mangrove soil metagenomes: prevalence of epoxide hydrolases and haloalkane dehalogenases in oil‐contaminated sites
Authors: Jiménez Diego Javier , Dini‐Andreote Francisco , Ottoni Júlia Ronzella , de Oliveira Valéria Maia , van Elsas Jan Dirk , Andreote Fernando Dini 
Published: August 2014

SummaryThe occurrence of genes encoding biotechnologically relevant α/β‐hydrolases in mangrove soil microbial communities was assessed using data obtained by whole‐metagenome sequencing of four mangroves areas, denoted BrMgv01 to BrMgv04, in São Paulo, Brazil. The sequences (215 Mb in total) were filtered based on local amino acid alignments against the Lipase Engineering Database. In total, 5923 unassembled sequences were affiliated with 30 different α/β‐hydrolase fold superfamilies. The most abundant predicted proteins encompassed cytosolic hydrolases (abH08; ∼ 23%), microsomal hydrolases (abH09; ∼ 12%) and Moraxella lipase‐like proteins (abH04 and abH01; < 5%). Detailed analysis of the genes predicted to encode proteins of the abH08 superfamily revealed a high proportion related to epoxide hydrolases and haloalkane dehalogenases in polluted mangroves BrMgv01‐02‐03. This suggested selection and putative involvement in local degradation/detoxification of the pollutants. Seven sequences that were annotated as genes for putative epoxide hydrolases and five for putative haloalkane dehalogenases were found in a fosmid library generated from BrMgv02 DNA. The latter enzymes were predicted to belong to Actinobacteria, Deinococcus‐Thermus, Planctomycetes and Proteobacteria. Our integrated approach thus identified 12 genes (complete and/or partial) that may encode hitherto undescribed enzymes. The low amino acid identity (< 60%) with already‐described genes opens perspectives for both production in an expression host and genetic screening of metagenomes.
Epidemiology of lung cancer in China
Authors: Chen Wanqing , Zheng Rongshou , Zeng Hongmei , Zhang Siwei 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundLung cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in China. Along with socioeconomic development, environmental problems have intensified and the burden of lung cancer continues to increase.MethodsIn this study, national cancer registry data was used for evaluating incidence, mortality, time trend, and prediction.ResultsIn China in 2010, 605 900 patients were diagnosed and 486 600 patients died of lung cancer. Throughout the last three decades, the mortality of lung cancer has dramatically increased, as shown in national death surveys. From 2000 to 2010, age specific incidence of lung cancer increased in most age groups. It is estimated that in 2015, the total number of new cases of lung cancer will reach 733 300.ConclusionsLung cancer is a serious disease affecting public health and an effective control strategy is needed in China.
Usefulness of target delineation based on the two extreme phases of a four‐dimensional computed tomography scan in stereotactic body radiation therapy for lung cancer
Authors: Jang Seong Soon , Huh Gil Ja , Park Suk Young , Yang Po Song , Cho EunYoun 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundAn evaluation of the usefulness of target delineation based only on the two extreme phases of a four‐dimensional computed tomography (4D CT) scan in lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT).MethodsSeventeen patients treated with SBRT via 4D CT scans for lung cancer were retrospectively enrolled. Volumetric and geometric analyses were performed for the internal target volumes (ITVs) and planning target volumes (PTVs) generated using different respiratory phases (all phases and 2 extreme phases) and setup margins (3 mm and 5 mm).ResultsAs the setup margins were added to the ITVs, the overlap percentage between the PTVs based on all phases and the two extreme phases increased (85.1% for ITVs, 89.8% for PTVs_3 mm, and 91.3% for PTVs_5 mm), and there were no differences according to the tumor parameters, such as the gross tumor volume and 3D mobility. The missing‐volume differences for ITVs derived from cone‐beam CT images also decreased, with values of 5.3% between ITVs, 0.5% between PTVs_3 mm, and 0.2% between PTVs_5 mm. Compared with the plan based on all phases and a 3 mm margin, the average lung‐dose differences found for the PTV based on the two extreme phases and a 5 mm margin were 0.41 Gy for the mean lung dose and 0.93% for V20.ConclusionsRegardless of tumor characteristics, PTV construction based only on the two extreme phases and a 5 mm setup margin may be a useful tool for reducing the clinical workload involved in target delineation in SBRT for lung cancer.
Clinically beneficial continued treatment with gefitinib after asymptomatic progression of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Choi Hayoung , Chang Jinsun , Shin Hong‐Joon , Park Cheol‐Kyu , Oh In‐Jae , Kim Kyu‐Sik , Kim Young‐Chul 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe report a case showing the long‐term clinical benefit of the continued use of gefitinib in a patient with asymptomatic progression of lung adenocarcinoma harboring an exon 19 deletion of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene. Although follow‐up studies showed smoldering progression of metastatic lesions, continued treatment with gefitinib controlled pulmonary adenocarcinoma for more than six years.
Application of a probabilistic model for analysing the abortion of seeds and pods in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus)
Authors: Wang X. J. , Mathieu A. , Cournède P.‐H. , de Reffye P. , Zhang B.G. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn winter oilseed rape (WOSR), only a subset of ovules can develop into seeds in the majority of pods. Any difficulty during the process of seed production may result in seed or pod abortion. This study aimed to reproduce the process of seed development in WOSR based on a limited number of parameters. As a result of the complexity of the developmental patterns of WOSR, it is challenging to identify the roles of various factors that influence seed production using an experimental approach. Here, we present a stochastic probabilistic model of seed development. The generalised least squares method was implemented to estimate the model parameters using the experimental data. Experiments were done in Grignon (France) in 2008 and 2009. The variations in the parameters were analysed according to the following four factors: year, pod rank, inflorescence position and ramification‐clipping treatment. The year had no effect on the number of ovules per ovary (μ) and the probability of seed viability (p). The proportion of effective pollen grains (k) significantly decreased with pod rank at the end of the main stem. Inflorescence position influenced the number of ovules per ovary (μ: 30.8–33.8 from top to bottom) and the parameter k. The mean number of seeds per pod on the main stem and the bottom ramification along the stem was larger than the other ramifications within one plant. Ramification‐clipping treatment increased the number of ovules per ovary (μ: 31 for control plants and 32 for clipped plants), the parameter k and the number of seeds per pod (p). This effect could be due to the competition for assimilates between the pods and seeds. Furthermore, the distribution parameters of the pollen number per stigma (m) remained stable, and the probability of pod survival (Bo) varied with different factors, including the year, pod rank and inflorescence position. Our results indicate that pollen germination is a factor that determines final seed number. This model can identify the impact of each of the factors that lead to the abortion of seeds and pods in WOSR, which include the position effect, assimilate competition and pollination limitation. However, further studies on the pollination process in WOSR should help to refine this model.
Evolution ofNewZealand insects: summary and prospectus for future research
Authors: Buckley Thomas R , Krosch Matt , Leschen Richard A B 
Published: August 2014

AbstractKnowledge on the evolution of theNewZealand insect fauna is reviewed and outstanding questions are highlighted. TheNewZealand insect fauna is a composite of old and recent lineages and many spectacular examples of evolutionary processes are evident, including species radiations, hybridisation and unusual adaptations. We discuss the origins and evolution of four prominent communities within the insect fauna: terrestrial lowland insects, alpine insects, aquatic insects and insect communities from offshore islands. Within each of these communities, significant lineages are discussed, and in particular the crucial adaptations that enable these lineages to thrive and diversify. Glacial history has had a dramatic impact on theNewZealand insects, and the effects on different lineages are discussed. TheNewZealand insects are unique, yet many are threatened with extinction, and efforts to preserve the fauna are reviewed. Despite the accumulating knowledge, major gaps still exist and these are outlined, as are opportunities to address key questions. The review concludes with a synthesis and a discussion of how systematics, new technologies and integrative approaches have the promise to improve dramatically our understanding ofNewZealand insect evolution.
Effective control of a suspected cyromazine‐resistant strain of Lucilia cuprina using commercial spray‐on formulations of cyromazine or dicyclanil
Authors: Baker KE , Rolfe PF , George AJ , Vanhoff KJ , Kluver PF , Bailey JN 
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveTo demonstrate the protection of Merino sheep from flystrike by Lucilia cuprina with cyromazine or dicyclanil in an implant study and in the field.MethodsIn the implant study, sheep were treated with cyromazine or dicyclanil and implanted with 1st‐stage larvae from a newly isolated field strain of L. cuprina (CYR‐LS) or a reference strain (DZR50), then assessed over 3 days and compared with the implants on untreated control sheep. In the field study, weaner lambs were treated with cyromazine or dicyclanil and monitored weekly for flystrike over 18 weeks of grazing on the same farm from which the L. cuprina were isolated.ResultsImplant study: cyromazine (6%) provided effective protection against CYR‐LS and DZR50 L. cuprina for a minimum of 13 and 10 weeks, respectively. Dicyclanil (5%) provided at least 18 weeks' protection against both strains. Field study: only 1 of 386 lambs in the cyromazine‐treated group was struck in the first 14 weeks of the trial. No strikes occurred in the 198 sheep treated with dicyclanil (5%). Rainfall, temperature and flytrap data indicated consistent fly pressure during the study.ConclusionsBased on the results of these studies, there was no evidence of reduced susceptibility to cyromazine or dicyclanil and the periods of protection of sheep against L. cuprina were unaffected and consistent with the registered label claims.
Re B‐S: a glass half full? An exploration of the implications of the Re B‐S judgment on practice in the family courts
Authors: Gupta Anna , Lloyd‐Jones Edward 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe family courts in England and Wales are being significantly reformed in line with the coalition government's aim to speed up the process and increase the numbers of children being adopted from care. In September 2013, the Court of Appeal handed down a judgment, Re B‐S (Children) [2013] EWCA Civ 1146, that has wide‐ranging implications for professional practice and decision making in care proceedings. The judgment challenges the policy direction and provides guidance about what is required before courts can make orders separating children from their birth families, particularly in cases of non‐consensual adoption. In this paper, we outline the changes occurring in the family justice system, some key elements of Re B‐S, and examine the challenges for implementing practice consistent with the requirements of Re B‐S. It is argued that the standards set by Re B‐S are unlikely to be fully implemented without much further attention to the complexities posed by the policy and practice context of social work with children and their families involved in care proceedings.
Kompressionstherapie – Kenntnisse und Anwendungspraxis
Authors: Protz Kerstin , Heyer Kristina , Dörler Martin , Stücker Markus , Hampel‐Kalthoff Carsten , Augustin Matthias 
Published: August 2014

ZusammenfassungHintergrundKompressionsbandagierung ist die verbreitetste Therapieform des Ulcus cruris venosum. Diese Behandlung basiert auf der Kenntnis der adäquaten Materialien und Befähigung der beteiligten Versorger, diese entsprechend der Therapievorgaben anzuwenden. Diese Untersuchung ermittelt die Kenntnisse bei den Versorgern in Deutschland bezüglich Materialwissen und ‐anwendung sowie deren praktische Fähigkeiten, eine Kompressionswickelung mit Kurzzugbinden anzulegen.Teilnehmer und MethodikIm Rahmen bundesweiter praktischer Fortbildungen zur Kompressionstherapie wurden mittels standardisierter Fragen diesbezügliche Kenntnisse im Querschnitt erfasst. Zudem wurden die praktischen Fähigkeiten der Teilnehmer zur Anlage einer Kompressionsbandagierung in einem Druckwertbereich von 50–60 mmHg ermittelt. Zweites Zielkriterium war der Druckabfall nach viermaliger Dorsalflexion.ErgebnisseInsgesamt nahmen 891 Versorger (3,3 % Ärzte, 5,5 % medizinische Fachangestellte, 90,7 % Pflegefachkräfte) teil. Im Praxistest gelang es den wenigsten Teilnehmern (knapp 10,0 %), durch eine Kompressionswickelung den Zielbereich zu erreichen; 77,0 % lagen darunter, 13,7 % lagen darüber. Zudem zeigte sich nach viermaliger Dorsalflexion ein mittlerer signifikanter Druckabfall von 6,7 mmHg. Die Erfassung des Kenntnisstands zu Materialen und Systemen ergab, dass nur 11,9 % Wissen zu Kompressionsunterpolsterung, 15,0 % zu Mehrkomponentensystemen und 14,8 % zu Ulkusstrumpfsystemen hatten.SchlussfolgerungenIn Deutschland wird ersichtlich, dass die Mehrheit der Versorger die verschiedenen Kompressionsmaterialien nicht kennen oder mit deren Anwendung nicht vertraut sind. Bezüglich der Ausführung von Kompressionswickelungen in Deutschland bestehen Defizite.
Versorgungsmerkmale des Basalzellkarzinoms in Deutschland: Die Rolle von Versichertenstatus und soziodemographischen Faktoren
Authors: Schäfer Ines , Reusch Michael , Siebert Julia , Spehr Christina , Augustin Matthias 
Published: August 2014

ZusammenfassungHintergrundZur Versorgung des Basalzellkarzinoms (BCC) liegen in Deutschland nur wenige bevölkerungsbezogene Daten vor.ZielsetzungAnalyse des Zusammenhangs von soziodemographischen und regionalen Faktoren, Krankenversicherung (KV) und klinischen Merkmalen des BCC.MethodenDermatohistopathologische versorgungswissenschaftliche Primärdatenstudie mit Untersuchung aller Exzisate des Jahres 2010 aus einem bundesweit tätigen dermatohistopathologischen Einsendelabor hinsichtlich tumorspezifischer und sozioökonomischer Merkmale von BCC.Ergebnisse9 467 histologisch verifizierte BCC von 7 116 Patienten (54,1 % männlich, Altersdurchschnitt 70 Jahre) wurden analysiert. Die Rate an Mehrfachtumoren betrug 33,0 %. Die mittlere vertikale Eindringtiefe der BCC betrug 1,27 mm. Sie war signifikant erhöht (p ≤ 0,001) bei Männern (1,33 mm vs. 1,19 mm bei Frauen) sowie bei Personen über 70 Jahren (1,36 mm vs. 1,14 mm). BCC bei Versicherten der Landwirtschaftlichen Krankenkasse (LKK) und der Allgemeine Ortskrankenkasse (AOK) wiesen mit 1,45 bzw. 1,42 mm die höchste, BCC bei Versicherten der Ersatzkassen mit 1,17 mm die niedrigste alters‐ und geschlechtsadjustierte mittlere Eindringtiefe auf (p ≤ 0,001). Signifikant höhere Eindringtiefen zeigten Versicherte aus ländlichen im Vergleich zu städtischen Kreisen (1,34 mm vs. 1,21 mm kontrolliert für Alter und Geschlecht). Auch die Verteilung der BCC‐Lokalisationen variierte nach Krankenkassenzugehörigkeit.SchlussfolgerungenWohnort, Krankenversicherungsstatus, Alter und Geschlecht sind wichtige Determinanten der Basaliomversorgung in Deutschland. Präventionsprogramme sowie krankenkassenspezifische Maßnahmen zur besseren Früherkennung sollten diesem Umstand Rechnung tragen.