bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating Physical Activity in Children: Impact of Pedometer Wear Time and Metric
Authors: Laurson Kelly R. , Welk Gregory J. , Eisenmann Joey C. 
Published: April 2014

Background:The purpose of this study was to provide a practical demonstration of the impact of monitoring frame and metric when assessing pedometer-determined physical activity (PA) in youth.Methods:Children (N = 1111) were asked to wear pedometers over a 7-day period during which time worn and steps were recorded each day. Varying data-exclusion criteria were used to demonstrate changes in estimates of PA. Steps were expressed using several metrics and criteria, and construct validity was demonstrated via correlations with adiposity.Results:Meaningful fluctuations in average steps per day and percentage meeting PA recommendations were apparent when different criteria were used. Children who wore the pedometer longer appeared more active, with each minute the pedometer was worn each day accounting for an approximate increase of 11 and 8 steps for boys and girls, respectively (P < .05). Using more restrictive exclusion criteria led to stronger correlations between indices of steps per day, steps per minute, steps per leg length, steps per minute per leg length, and obesity.Conclusion:Wear time has a meaningful impact on estimates of PA. This should be considered when determining exclusion criteria and making comparisons between studies. Results also suggest that incorporating wear time per day and leg length into the metric may increase validity of PA estimates.
Scheduled Physical Activity is Associated With Better Academic Performance in Chilean School-Age Children
Authors: Burrows Raquel , Correa-Burrows Paulina , Orellana Yasna , Almagiá Atilio , Lizana Pablo , Ivanovic Daniza 
Published: April 2014

Background:This study was carried out to examine the association between systematic physical activity and academic performance in school kids after controlling for potential sociodemographic and educational confounders.Methods:In a random sample of 1271 students from urban Santiago, attending 5th and 9th grade, who took the 2009 System for the Assessment of Educational Quality (SIMCE) tests, we measured physical activity habits, anthropometric characteristics, and socioeconomic status. Academic performance was measured by the standardized SIMCE tests. Logistic regressions assessed the relationship between the allocation of time to weekly scheduled exercise, potential confounding factors, and individual academic performance.Results:About 80% of students reported less than 2 hours of weekly scheduled exercise, while 10.6% and 10.2% reported 2 to 4 hours/week and more than 4 hours/week, respectively. Devoting more than 4 hours/week to scheduled exercise significantly increased (P < .01) the odds of having SIMCE composite z-scores ≥ 50th percentile (OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.4 to 3.6) and ≥ 75th percentile (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.3–3.3).Conclusions:Better academic performance was associated with a higher allocation of time to scheduled exercise in school-age children.
Self-Efficacy, Action Control, and Social Support Explain Physical Activity Changes Among Costa Rican Older Adults
Authors: Fernández Benjamin Reyes , Montenegro Esteban Montenegro , Knoll Nina , Schwarzer Ralf 
Published: April 2014

Background:Self-efficacy, action control, and social support are considered to influence changes in physical activity levels in older adults. This study examines the relationship among these variables and explores the putative mediating and moderating mechanisms that might account for activity changes.Methods:A longitudinal study with 54 older adults (≥ 50 years of age) was carried out in Costa Rica. In a moderated mediation analysis, action control was specified as a mediator between self-efficacy and physical activity, whereas social support was specified as a moderator between self-efficacy and action control. Baseline physical activity, age, and sex were specified as covariates.Results:Action control mediated between self-efficacy and physical activity. An interaction between social support and self-efficacy on action control pointed to a synergistic effect at the first stage of the mediating process.Conclusions:The effect of self-efficacy on physical activity was partly explained by action control, providing evidence of action control as a proximal mediator of physical activity. Moreover, the moderator role of social support was confirmed: high social support appeared to compensate for low levels of self-efficacy.
Implicit Vector Integral Equations Associated with Discontinuous Operators
Authors: Cubiotti Paolo , Yao Jen-Chih 
Published: April 2014

LetI∶=[0,1]. We consider the vector integral equationh(u(t))=ft,∫Ig(t,z),u(z),dzfor a.e.t∈I,wheref:I×J→R, g:I×I→ [0,+∞[,andh:X→Rare given functions andX,Jare suitable subsets ofRn. We prove an existence result for solutionsu∈Ls(I, Rn), where the continuity offwith respect to the second variable is not assumed. More precisely,fis assumed to be a.e. equal (with respect to second variable) to a functionf*:I×J→Rwhich is almost everywhere continuous, where the involved null-measure sets should have a suitable geometry. It is easily seen that such a functionfcan be discontinuous at each pointx∈J. Our result, based on a very recent selection theorem, extends a previous result, valid for scalar casen=1.
Morphological differentiation among geographically close populations of the green crab Carcinus aestuarii Nardo, 1847 (Brachyura, Carcinidae) from the Tunisian coast
Authors: Deli Temim , Said Khaled , Chatti Noureddine 
Published: April 2014

In the present study, we assessed patterns of morphological variation among populations of the Mediterranean green crabCarcinus aestuariiNardo, 1847 from the Tunisian coast. Eleven morphometric traits were measured on 464 specimens from nine sites, and the pattern of morphological variation among sites was assessed using multivariate approach. Non-parametric MANOVA (NPMANOVA) and non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) analyses revealed statistically significant differences among the studied locations for both sexes proving that natural variability of the measured traits differs clearly between locations. Canonical discriminant analysis (CDA), on the other hand, showed that over 36% of individuals could be assigned to their location of origin on the basis of their morphology. Correct assignment of individuals to their location was much higher (over 63%) when sites were combined into three regional groups and marked morphological differentiation was found in both sexes. A positive correlation was noted between the squared Mahalanobis distances () and the geographic distances for both male and female green crab populations suggesting isolation by distance. The results obtained indicate that morphological divergence among populations of the green crab can occur over shorter distances than expected based on dispersal potential. Possible drivers of the observed pattern of morphological variation are discussed.
Child Sex Grooming
Authors: Akhtar Zia 
Published: April 2014

There was a recent trial of Asian men for sexually grooming white girls at the Old Bailey which led to their conviction in R v Akhtar Doggar and others (27/6/13). This has intensified the debate if this a ‘cultural’ crime and more prevalent in men from ethnic minorities. The accusation that it is culture specific has brought with it the risk of racial discrimination and breach of the Human Rights Act 1998, under the Right to a Fair Trial. The indictment for sexual grooming falls with the Sexual Offences Act Section 15 that concerns internet grooming. The theory that on street grooming, which consists of more than one offence is about the extracurricular sexual activities of the Pakistani immigrant communities needs examination as well as the dysfunctionality of the victims that present an opportunity for crime. There needs to be an assessment of the racial profiling and the transfer of guilt to Asian men and the possibility of racial bias in holding them blameworthy. The paper argues for an objective evaluation based on current research in order to separate the elements of the crime, understand the background of its commission, and for the ecological changes that will remove the dereliction of urban hubs where crime thrives.
Serum free immunoglobulin light chain evaluation as a marker of impact from intraclonal heterogeneity on myeloma outcome
Authors: Brioli Annamaria , Giles Hannah , Pawlyn Charlotte , Campbell John P. , Kaiser Martin F. , Melchor Lorenzo , Jackson Graham H. , Gregory Walter M. , Owen Roger G. , Child J. Anthony , Davies Faith E. , Cavo Michele , Drayson Mark T. , Morgan Gareth J. 
Published: April 2014

Key Points
The type of antibody secreted at relapse can serve as a marker of clonal heterogeneity. It is important to monitor for serum FLC in the suspicion of clinical relapse to ensure that FLC relapse is not missed.
Determinants of childhood diarrhea among underfive children in Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, North West Ethiopia
Authors: Sinmegn Mihrete Thomas , Asres Alemie Getahun , Shimeka Teferra Alemayehu 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Background
Diarrhea is second only to pneumonia as the cause of child mortality worldwide. Developing countries particularly in Sub Saharan Africa including Ethiopia have a high burden of this disease. Studies showed that different factors were associated with the occurrence of childhood diarrhea. Therefore, this study was aimed to identify determinant factors of diarrhea in underfive children in Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, western Ethiopia.

Method
Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data of 2011 was used for this study. The data was extracted from the National DHS data using data extraction tools. A total of 925 under five children were selected. The logistic regression model was employed to examine the determinants of childhood diarrhoea. Both bivariate and multivariate data analysis was performed using SPSS version 16.0.

Result
The results of this study indicated that low level of maternal education [AOR = 1.81, 95% CI (1.12,2.76)], absence of toilet facility [AOR = 3.5, 95% CI (2.4, 5.2)], improper child stool disposal methods [AOR = 2.05, 95%CI (1.36, 3.10)], having more than two under five children [AOR = 1.73, 95% CI (1.03, 2.93)], higher birth order [AOR = 6.1, 95% CI (3.1,12.2)] and the age of children [AOR = 1.9, 95% CI (1.2, 3.6)] were found to be the risk factors for childhood diarrhea after adjusting for other variables. When toilet facility was stratified by maternal education, it showed that children of mothers who had no education were the most vulnerable in the absence of toilet facilities [OR = 9.16, 95% CI (5.79, 14.48)].

Conclusion
Under poor environmental conditions, mothers with primary education and above protected their children against diarrhea better than mothers with no education. Thus, implementing effective educational programs that emphasize environmental health and sanitation practices and encouraging female school enrolment would reduce childhood diarrheal morbidity in the region.
A novel coverage algorithm based on event-probability-driven mechanism in wireless sensor network
Authors: Sun Zeyu , Wu Weiguo , Wang Huanzhao , Chen Heng , Xing Xiaofei 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Coverage problem is an important research topic in the field of wireless sensor network (WSN). The coverage algorithm based on event probability driven mechanism (EPDM) is put forward in this paper. First of all, the network probability model is established and the subordinate relation between sensor nodes and the target nodes is presented. Secondly, a series of probability is computed and the related theorems and reasoning are also proven. Thirdly, effective coverage for the monitoring region is achieved through scheduling mechanism of nodes themselves, thus the purpose of increasing network lifetime can be realized. Finally, experimental results show that the proposed algorithm could achieve complete coverage for networks of different scale and increase the network lifetime. It possesses the good quality of effectiveness and stability.
Endogenous glutamine production in critically ill patients: the effect of exogenous glutamine supplementation
Authors: Mori Maiko , Rooyackers Olav , Smedberg Marie , Tjäder Inga , Norberg Åke , Wernerman Jan 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Glutamine rate of appearance (Ra) may be used as an estimate of endogenous glutamine production. Recently a technique employing a bolus injection of isotopically labeled glutamine was introduced, with the potential to allow for multiple assessments of the glutamine Ra over time in critically ill patients, who may not be as metabolically stable as healthy individuals. Here the technique was used to evaluate the endogenous glutamine production in critically ill patients in the fed state with and without exogenous glutamine supplementation intravenously.

Methods
Mechanically ventilated patients (n = 11) in the intensive care unit (ICU) were studied on two consecutive days during continuous parenteral feeding. To allow the patients to be used as their own controls, they were randomized for the reference measurement during basal feeding without supplementation, before or after the supplementation period. Glutamine Ra was determined by a bolus injection of 13C-glutamine followed by a period of frequent sampling to establish the decay-curve for the glutamine tracer. Exogenous glutamine supplementation was given by intravenous infusion of a glutamine containing dipeptide, L-alanyl-L-glutamine, 0.28 g/kg during 20 hours.

Results
A 14% increase of endogenous glutamine Ra was seen at the end of the intravenous supplementation period as compared to the basal measurements (P = 0.009).

Conclusions
The bolus injection technique to measure glutamine Ra to estimate the endogenous production of glutamine in critically ill patients was demonstrated to be useful for repetitive measurements. The hypothesized attenuation of endogenous glutamine production during L-alanyl-L-glutamine infusion given as a part of full nutrition was not seen.
Photoinduced Regio- and Stereoselective Introduction of Phenylchalcogeno Moieties to Ethynylferrocene
Authors: Nomoto Akihiro , Hayashi Satoko , Fujiyama Takuya , Ikeda Takuma , Hirata Kiichi , Tohoma Jun , Kakiuchi Kiyomi , Nakanishi Waro , Ogawa Akiya 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Upon photoirradiation, diphenyl diselenide and diphenyl ditelluride reacted with ethynylferrocene to afford the corresponding bischalcogenated vinylferrocenes. Regio- and stereoselectivities were determined by X-ray crystal analysis, and redox properties were investigated by cyclic voltammetry.
Characteristic Polynomial Followed by Trigonometric Identity for Obtaining Analytical Eigenspectra of Some Weighted Graphs of Linear Chains and Cycles
Authors: Mandal Bholanath , Klein Douglas J 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Graphs of linear chains and/or cycles with homogeneous and/or alternant vertex weights have been considered. If one puts weight(s) on the terminal vertex (vertices) or edge(s) of such linear chains, another set of linear chains might result. All such vertex- or edge-weighted graphs of linear chains and cycles represent conjugated systems with heteroatom(s). Characteristic polynomial followed by trigonometric identity has been shown to be used for obtaining eigenspectra for such systems of linear chains and cycles in closed analytical forms. The analytical expressions so obtained for such systems can be used for deriving the eigenspectra of some complicated π-conjugated molecules in analytical forms.
Oxidation of meso-Diarylporphyrins by a Hypervalent Iodine Compound: Facile Synthesis of meso-Acyloxyporphyrins and Dioxoporphodimethenes
Authors: Yamashita Ken-ichi , Hirano Daisuke , Asano Motoko S , Sugiura Ken-ichi 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Free-base meso-propanoyloxylated (–OCOEt) porphyrins and dioxoporphodimethenes (quinoid forms of dihydroxyporphyrins) were efficiently synthesized by the treatment of the corresponding meso-diarylporphyrins with PhI(OAc)2 in propionic acid. Basic hydrolysis of the obtained meso-mono- and -dipropanoyloxyporphyrins provided meso-hydroxyporphyrins (oxophlorins) and dioxoporphodimethenes, respectively. Reduction of the dioxoporphodimethenes generated unstable meso-dihydroxyporphyrins, and one-pot etherification of the meso-dihydroxyporphyrins yielded stable meso-dialkoxyporphyrins.
Polypeptide-induced Fluorescence of Pyrene Derivatives Based on Coordination Programming
Authors: Moriuchi Toshiyuki , Ebisu Keisuke , Katano Chiaki , Hirao Toshikazu 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The introduction of negatively charged 1-pyreneacetate anion into positively charged poly-l-lysine (P(Lys)) as a polymeric scaffold through electrostatic interactions, wherein the conformational change of the polypeptide was controlled, was allowed to induce the tuning of the fluorescence of the pyrene in aqueous media. Poly(l-glutamic acid) (P(Glu)) bearing multiple negatively charged side chains was also used to serve as a polymeric scaffold for the aggregation of positively charged 1-pyrenemethylammonium cation.
An Efficient Photocatalyst for the Azide–Alkyne Click Reaction Based on Direct Photolysis of a Copper(II)/Carboxylate Complex
Authors: Guan Xin , Zhang Jing , Wang Yuechuan 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Photochemical processes provide a temporal and spatial control of the reaction, which offers an efficient way for chemical synthesis and affords extensive applications in materials science. In this study, a new photocatalyst system based on a Cu(II)/carboxylate complex was developed for photoinduced CuAAC reaction. The results show that the conversion was over 90% after irradiation for 30 min.
Helical π-Systems of Bidipyrrin–Metal Complexes
Authors: Maeda Hiromitsu , Nishimura Takuma , Tsujii Akira , Takaishi Kazuto , Uchiyama Masanobu , Muranaka Atsuya 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Various metal-bridged single and double helical complexes of π-conjugated ligand molecules, bidipyrrins, were prepared. The introduction of terminal end units enabled the formation of chiral single and double helices; their spectroscopic properties and temperature-dependent behaviors were examined.
Anomalous colouration in an Atlantic spotted dolphin (Stenella frontalis) from southeastern Brazil.
Authors: Lodi Liliane , Borobia Monica 
Published: April 2014

This note report the first published account of atypical colouration condiction known as pied or piebald for the Atlantic spotted dolphin (Stenella frontalis). The opportunistic sighting was made at close range between Cabo de São Tomé and Cabo Frio Campos Basin, southeastern Brazil, approximately 60 km offshore. It is important to publish observations about pigmentation disorders so that a proper assessment and further insights into the ecological and physiological implications of this condition in cetaceans can be evaluated in the future.
Failure mode effects and criticality analysis: innovative risk assessment to identify critical areas for improvement in emergency department sepsis resuscitation
Authors: Powell Emilie S. , O’Connor Lanty M. , Nannicelli Anna P. , Barker Lisa T. , Khare Rahul K. , Seivert Nicholas P. , Holl Jane L. , Vozenilek John A. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Background: Sepsis is an increasing problem in the practice of emergency medicine as the prevalence is increasing and optimal care to reduce mortality requires significant resources and time. Evidence-based septic shock resuscitation strategies exist, and rely on appropriate recognition and diagnosis, but variation in adherence to the recommendations and therefore outcomes remains. Our objective was to perform a multi-institutional prospective risk-assessment, using failure mode effects and criticality analysis (FMECA), to identify high-risk failures in ED sepsis resuscitation.

Methods: We conducted a FMECA, which prospectively identifies critical areas for improvement in systems and processes of care, across three diverse hospitals. A multidisciplinary group of participants described the process of emergency department (ED) sepsis resuscitation to then create a comprehensive map and table listing all process steps and identified process failures. High-risk failures in sepsis resuscitation from each of the institutions were compiled to identify common high-risk failures.

Results: Common high-risk failures included limited availability of equipment to place the central venous catheter and conduct invasive monitoring, and cognitive overload leading to errors in decision-making. Additionally, we identified great variability in care processes across institutions.

Discussion: Several common high-risk failures in sepsis care exist: a disparity in resources available across hospitals, a lack of adherence to the invasive components of care, and cognitive barriers that affect expert clinicians’ decision-making capabilities. Future work may concentrate on dissemination of non-invasive alternatives and overcoming cognitive barriers in diagnosis and knowledge translation.
Ein Ontologie-basiertes Modell für Indexierung und Retrieval
Authors: Gödert Winfried 
Published: April 2014

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag wird ausgehend von einem ungelösten Problem der Informationserschließung ein Modell vorgestellt, das die Methoden und Erfahrungen zur inhaltlichen Dokumenterschließung mittels kognitiv zu interpretierender Dokumentationssprachen mit den Möglichkeiten formaler Wissensrepräsentation verbindet. Die Kernkomponente des Modells besteht aus der Nutzung von Inferenzen entlang der Pfade typisierter Relationen zwischen den in Facetten geordneten Entitäten innerhalb einer Wissensrepräsentation zur Bestimmung von Treffermengen im Rahmen von Retrievalprozessen. Es werden die möglichen Konsequenzen für das Indexieren und Retrieval diskutiert.
Clinical factors associated with failed trials of labor in late preterm and term twin pregnancies
Authors: Ko Hyun-Joo , Jun Jong Kwan 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the perinatal outcomes and clinical factors of unsuccessful trials of labor (TOLs) in late preterm and term twin pregnancies.

Methods: We enrolled 896 consecutive twin pregnancies delivered between 1999 and 2012 in a single center, which met the following inclusion criteria: a vertex first twin, live twins, and attempted TOLs after 34 weeks. Obstetric characteristics and perinatal outcomes were compared between vaginal delivery and cesarean delivery groups.

Results: Successful TOLs were carried out in 81% (726/896). Failed TOLs occurred in 15% (37/247) of late preterm twins and 20% (133/649) of term twins. Comparisons of neonatal outcomes between the groups showed no significant differences in NICU admission, ventilator use, and composite morbidity. On univariable analysis, nulliparity, preeclampsia, induced labor, excessive weight gain, and intertwin weight discordance of >30% showed significant associations with failed TOLs. Multivariable analyses revealed nulliparity (adjusted odds ratio 9.89, 95% confidence interval 4.64–21.1) and preeclampsia (adjusted odds ratio 2.17, 95% confidence interval 1.30–3.63) as significantly associated with failed TOLs.

Conclusion: In late preterm and term twins, trials of labor can be performed successfully without a significant increase in adverse neonatal outcomes. Nulliparity and preeclampsia are clinical factors associated with failed TOLs in twin pregnancies.