bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning Constructed Based on Patient Plaque and Clinical Features for Predicting Stent Malapposition: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Xia Qianhang , Deng Chancui , Yang Shuangya , Gu Ning , Shen Youcheng , Shi Bei , Zhao Ranzun 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundStent malapposition (SM) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for myocardial infarction continues to present significant clinical challenges. In recent years, machine learning (ML) models have demonstrated potential in disease risk stratification and predictive modeling.HypothesisML models based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging, laboratory tests, and clinical characteristics can predict the occurrence of SM.MethodsWe studied 337 patients from the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, China, who had PCI and coronary OCT from May to October 2023. We employed nested cross‐validation to partition patients into training and test sets. We developed five ML models: XGBoost, LR, RF, SVM, and NB based on calcification features. Performance was assessed using ROC curves. Lasso regression selected features from 46 clinical and 21 OCT imaging features, which were optimized with the five ML algorithms.ResultsIn the prediction model based on calcification features, the XGBoost model and SVM model exhibited higher AUC values. Lasso regression identified five key features from clinical and imaging data. After incorporating selected features into the model for optimization, the AUC values of all algorithmic models showed significant improvements. The XGBoost model demonstrated the highest calibration accuracy. SHAP values revealed that the top five ranked features influencing the XGBoost model were calcification length, age, coronary dissection, lipid angle, and troponin.ConclusionML models developed using plaque imaging features and clinical characteristics can predict the occurrence of SM. ML models based on clinical and imaging features exhibited better performance.
Identifying the drivers of overall rating of cancer care: Insights from the second wave of the Swiss Cancer Patient Experiences study
Authors: Jolidon Vladimir , Eicher Manuela , Peytremann‐Bridevaux Isabelle , Aebi Stefan , Anchisi Sandro , Bettini Adrienne , Chalandon Yves , Dietrich Pierre‐Yves , Duchosal Michel A. , Dürr Donat , Peters Solange , von Moos Roger , Wicki Andreas , Arditi Chantal 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatient experience surveys gather information on various aspects of care via numerous survey items. Identifying the most critical areas of patient experience to prioritize for quality care improvement can be challenging. The objective of this study was to determine which care experience items are the drivers influencing patients' overall rating of cancer care.MethodsData from 2750 adult patients with cancer from the second wave of the Swiss Cancer Patient Experiences study were analyzed. This cross‐sectional survey was conducted in eight Swiss hospitals from September 2021 to February 2022. Stepwise logistic regression examined the relationship between overall care rating and 29 patient experience items covering different patient‐centered care dimensions while adjusting for sociodemographic and health variables.ResultsOverall, patients rated their cancer care experience at 8.9 out of 10. Stepwise regression identified seven drivers contributing to overall care rating. The strongest drivers were “professionals worked well together” (odds ratio [OR], 4.81) and “tests were not repeated” (OR, 2.09) from the coordination and integration dimension, “offered support for symptoms during treatment” (OR, 2.11) from the physical comfort dimension, followed by “hospital staff ensured available home support” (OR, 1.99), “offered to see health professional for concerns” (OR, 1.91), “treatment options were explained” (OR, 1.75), and “involved in treatment decisions as desired” (OR, 1.68).ConclusionsThis study evaluated the care experiences of patients with cancer with a comprehensive tool that identified seven key factors independently associated with overall care rating. By concentrating on these areas, hospitals can not only improve the patient care experience but also efficiently allocate resources to quality improvement initiatives.
Deciphering the Molecular Complexity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Unveiling Novel Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets Through Advanced Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Moghimi Ata , Bani Hosseinian Nasrin , Mahdipour Mahdi , Ahmadpour Ehsan , Miranda‐Bedate Alberto , Ghorbian Saeid 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a primary liver tumor characterized by a bleak prognosis and elevated mortality rates, yet its precise molecular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. This study uses advanced bioinformatics techniques to discern differentially expressed genes (DEGs) implicated in the pathogenesis of HCC. The primary objective is to discover novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets that can contribute to the advancement of HCC research.MethodsThe bioinformatics analysis in this study primarily utilized the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database as data source. Initially, the Transcriptome analysis console (TAC) screened for DEGs. Subsequently, we constructed a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of the proteins associated to the identified DEGs with the STRING database. We obtained our hub genes using Cytoscape and confirmed the results through the GEPIA database. Furthermore, we assessed the prognostic significance of the identified hub genes using the GEPIA database. To explore the regulatory interactions, a miRNA‐gene interaction network was also constructed, incorporating information from the miRDB database. For predicting the impact of gene overexpression on drug effects, we utilized CANCER DP.ResultsA comprehensive analysis of HCC gene expression profiles revealed a total of 4716 DEGs, consisting of 2430 upregulated genes and 2313 downregulated genes in HCC sample compared to healthy control group. These DEGs exhibited significant enrichment in key pathways such as the PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway, nuclear receptors meta‐pathway, and various metabolism‐related pathways. Further exploration of the PPI network unveiled the P53 signaling pathway and pyrimidine metabolism as the most prominent pathways. We identified 10 hub genes (ASPM, RRM2, CCNB1, KIF14, MKI67, SHCBP1, CENPF, ANLN, HMMR, and EZH2) that exhibited significant upregulation in HCC samples compared to healthy control group. Survival analysis indicated that elevated expression levels of these genes were strongly associated with changes in overall survival in HCC patients. Lastly, we identified specific miRNAs that were found to influence the expression of these genes, providing valuable insights into potential regulatory mechanisms underlying HCC progression.ConclusionThe findings of this study have successfully identified pivotal genes and pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of HCC. These novel discoveries have the potential to significantly enhance our understanding of HCC at the molecular level, opening new ways for the development of targeted therapies and improved prognosis evaluation.
Electrocatalysts for Urea Synthesis from CO2 and Nitrogenous Species: From CO2 and N2/NOx Reduction to urea synthesis
Authors: Li Chun , Zhu Qiuji , Song Chaojie , Zeng Yimin , Zheng Ying 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe traditional industrial synthesis of urea relies on the energy−intensive and polluting process, namely the Haber−Bosch method for ammonia production, followed by the Bosch−Meiser process for urea synthesis. In contrast, electrocatalytic C−N coupling from carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogenous species presents a promising alternative for direct urea synthesis under ambient conditions, bypassing the need for ammonia production. This review provides an overview of recent progress in the electrocatalytic coupling of CO2 and nitrogen sources for urea synthesis. It focuses on the role of intermediate species and active site structures in promoting urea synthesis, drawing from insights into reactants’ adsorption behavior and interactions with catalysts tailored for CO2 reduction, nitrogen reduction, and nitrate reduction. Advanced electrocatalyst design strategies for urea synthesis from CO2 and nitrogenous species under ambient conditions are explored, providing insights for efficient catalyst design. Key challenges and prospective directions are presented in the conclusion. Mechanistic studies elucidating the C−N coupling reaction and future development directions are discussed. The review aims to inspire further research and development in electrocatalysts for electrochemical urea synthesis.
Phenological mismatches mitigate the ecological impact of a biological invader on amphibian communities
Authors: Everts Teun , Van Driessche Charlotte , Neyrinck Sabrina , Haegeman Annelies , Ruttink Tom , Jacquemyn Hans , Brys Rein 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHorizon scans have emerged as a valuable tool to anticipate the incoming invasive alien species (IAS) by judging species on their potential impacts. However, little research has been conducted on quantifying actual impacts and assessing causes of species‐specific vulnerabilities to particular IAS due to persistent methodological challenges. The underlying interspecific mechanisms driving species‐specific vulnerabilities therefore remain poorly understood, even though they can substantially improve the accuracy of risk assessments. Given that interspecific interactions underlying ecological impacts of IAS are often shaped by phenological synchrony, we tested the hypothesis that temporal mismatches in breeding phenology between native species and IAS can mitigate their ecological impacts. Focusing on the invasive American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus), we combined an environmental DNA (eDNA) quantitative barcoding and metabarcoding survey in Belgium with a global meta‐analysis, and integrated citizen‐science data on breeding phenology. We examined whether the presence of native amphibian species was negatively related to the presence or abundance of invasive bullfrogs and whether this relationship was affected by their phenological mismatches. The field study revealed a significant negative effect of increasing bullfrog eDNA concentrations on native amphibian species richness and community structure. These observations were shaped by species‐specific vulnerabilities to invasive bullfrogs, with late spring‐ and summer‐breeding species being strongly affected, while winter‐breeding species remained unaffected. This trend was confirmed by the global meta‐analysis. A significant negative relationship was observed between phenological mismatch and the impact of bullfrogs. Specifically, native amphibian species with breeding phenology differing by 6 weeks or less from invasive bullfrogs were more likely to be absent in the presence of bullfrogs than species whose phenology differed by more than 6 weeks with that of bullfrogs. Taken together, we present a novel method based on the combination of aqueous eDNA quantitative barcoding and metabarcoding to quantify the ecological impacts of biological invaders at the community level. We show that phenological mismatches between native and invasive species can be a strong predictor of invasion impact regardless of ecological or methodological context. Therefore, we advocate for the integration of temporal alignment between native and IAS's phenologies into invasion impact frameworks.
Helpful or Not? A Qualitative Study on Female Adolescents’ Experience of TikTok When Recovering From Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Sjöström David K. , de Mendonca Lindström Tore , Kapetanovic Sabina , Claesdotter‐Knutsson Emma 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe scientific literature reports on how social media potentially influences eating disorders, although there is a large gap in the specific case of TikToks influence of adolescent's recovery from anorexia nervosa (AN). Our study uses in‐depth interviews with female adolescents primarily suffering from AN to explore how they perceive the social media platform TikTok in relation to their recovery.MethodA total of 14 interviews with female adolescents recovering from AN were conducted and analyzed with reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsWe developed four distinct main themes: social connectivity, algorithmic engagement, regulation and adaptation, and personal agency and recovery pathways.Our findings indicate both potential benefits and harm by TikTok use when in recovery from AN, depending on a complex interplay of individual and contextual factors.DiscussionThe study adds nuance to the on‐going scientific debate on the role that TikTok plays in recovery from AN in general from the perspective provided by female adolescents. Suggestions are made for clinical implications at adolescent AN outpatient care including parental or professional support in TikTok adaptations and advice on how to discern when use may be triggering or supportive. Future research would benefit from longitudinal designs and inclusion of how individual differences, such as gender and personality, influence the effects on recovery and TikTok use.
Evaluation of genetic consequences of stocking on the southern‐margin populations of white‐spotted charr
Authors: Masuda Taro , Shimono Yoshiko , Kishi Daisuke , Koizumi Itsuro 
Published: August 2024

AbstractColdwater‐adapted freshwater fishes, especially their populations along warm‐range margins, are most vulnerable to the climate oscillations associated with global warming. Stocking is a major strategy for avoiding the extinction of these species. However, while stocking can reverse the decline of isolated populations, it may also result in a loss of genetic diversity in the native local population due to the introgressive replacement of hatchery genes. To plan an adequate strategy for conserving locally adapted populations, the genetic impacts of stocking on native lineages should be evaluated from small river branches to wide‐ranging drainage areas. We investigated the population genetic structure of white‐spotted charr (Salvelinus leucomaenis) within its southern range (Lake Biwa basin, Japan). By applying genome‐wide SNP analysis to the population's genetic structure, we assessed the extent of genetic introgression resulting from stocking. White‐spotted charr in the Lake Biwa watershed constitutes a distinctive genetic group, within which apparent genetic differentiation was observed. The hatchery‐reared fish line commonly used for supplementation stocking in the catchment was discernable from the native population, enabling us to analyze genetic introgression across the entire drainage area. Admixed individuals resulting from hatchery introgression were observed in most of the stocked sites that showed relatively high heterozygosity and nucleotide diversity. However, their genetic differentiation was much lower than that of native populations. The supplementation history as well as the road availability contributed substantially to the introgression of hatchery genes. Populations with the native genetic structure remained in the upstream regions of the tested rivers. However, their heterozygosity and nucleotide diversity were low when compared with that of the populations with hatchery supplementation. Our results shed light on the genetic impacts of stocking on isolated native populations and suggest that conventional supplementation methods cannot preserve a unique biodiversity in the distribution margin.
Landscape of glycolytic metabolites and their regulating proteins in myocardium from human heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Koleini Navid , Meddeb Mariam , Zhao Liang , Keykhaei Mohammad , Kwon Seoyoung , Farshidfar Farnaz , Hahn Virginia S. , Pearce Erika L. , Sharma Kavita , Kass David A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimsHeart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) reflects half of all clinical HF yet has few therapies. Obesity and diabetes are now common comorbidities which have focused attention towards underlying myocardial metabolic defects. The profile of a major metabolic pathway, glycolytic intermediates and their regulating enzymes and ancillary pathways, remains unknown.Methods and resultsEndomyocardial biopsies from HFpEF (n = 37) and non‐failing controls (n = 21) were assayed by non‐targeted or targeted metabolomics and immunoblot to determine glycolytic and ancillary pathway metabolites and protein expression of their regulating enzymes. Glucose and GLUT1 expression were higher in HFpEF, but prominent glycolytic metabolites: glucose‐6‐phosphate, fructose‐1,6‐biphosphate (F1,6bP), and 3‐phosphoglycerate were reduced by −78%, −91%, and −73%, respectively, versus controls. Expression of their corresponding synthesizing enzymes hexokinase, phospho‐fructokinase, and phosphoglycerate kinase were also significantly lower (all p < 0.0005). Pentose phosphate and hexosamine biosynthetic pathway metabolites were reduced while glycogen content increased. Despite proximal reduction in key glycolytic intermediates, pyruvate increased but mitochondrial pyruvate transporter (MPC1) expression was reduced. Pyruvate dehydrogenase converting pyruvate to acetyl‐CoA was more activated but some Krebs cycle intermediates were reduced. This HFpEF glycolytic profile persisted after adjusting for body mass index (BMI), diabetes, age, and sex, or in subgroup analysis with controls and HFpEF matched for BMI and diabetes/insulin history. In HFpEF, BMI but not glycated haemoglobin negatively correlated with F1,6bP (p = 7e‐5, r = −0.61) and phosphoenolpyruvate (p = 0.006, r = −0.46).ConclusionsHuman HFpEF myocardium exhibits reduced glycolytic and ancillary pathway intermediates and expression of their synthesizing proteins. This combines features reported in HF with reduced ejection fraction and obesity/diabetes that likely exacerbate metabolic inflexibility.
Influence of Peripheral Substituents on Fe(II) Spin State in Complexes with Tridentate Schiff‐Base Ligands
Authors: Gakiya‐Teruya Miguel , Le Duy , Kumar Divya , Jen Natalie , Rydberg Drake , Jo Minyoung , Rahman Talat , Shatruk Michael 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSix Fe(II) complexes with substituted 6‐((quinoline‐8‐ylimino)methyl)phenolates (R2qsal) were synthesized. X‐ray crystal structure determination for [Fe(R2qsal)2], where R=F (1), Cl (2), Br (3), I (4), CF3/H (5), or CN/H (6), revealed mononuclear complexes that crystallize either solvent‐free in case of 1, 5, and 6 or as CH2Cl2 solvates in the case of 2, 3, and 4. Complexes 1–4, which contain π‐donating substituents, exhibit only high‐spin (HS) state, as shown by crystal structure analysis and magnetic measurements. In contrast, complexes 5 and 6, which contain electron‐withdrawing substituents, exist in the low‐spin (LS) state at lower temperatures but exhibit crossover to the HS state above 300 K. Electronic structure calculations show a good correlation between the relative energies of the LS and HS states and the experimentally observed behavior.
The effect of a combined cooling intervention on cognitive function in the heat during an intermittent running protocol
Authors: Cowe Stacey , Cooper Simon , Malcolm Rachel , Hall Louis , Donkin David , Sunderland Caroline 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDespite optimal cognitive function being essential for performance, there is a lack of research on the effectiveness of combined cooling interventions on team sport athlete's cognitive function when exercising in the heat. In a randomised, crossover design, 12 unacclimatised men (age: 22.3 ± 3.0 years, body mass: 73.4 ± 5.1 kg, height: 181.0 ± 5.3 cm and max: 51.2 ± 9.5 mL/kg/min) participated in a control (CON) and combined cooling trial (ice slurry and ice collar; COOL). A battery of cognitive tests were completed prior to, during (at half‐time) and following a 90‐min intermittent running protocol in the heat (33°C, 50% relative humidity (RH)). Perceptual and physiological measures were taken throughout the protocol. In CON, response times were quicker on the Stroop task complex level (p = 0.002) and the visual search test complex level at full‐time (p = 0.014) compared to COOL. During COOL, response times were quicker at half‐time on the Stroop task complex level (p = 0.024) compared to CON. Lower rectal temperatures were seen during COOL (CON: 37.44 ± 0.65°C and COOL: 37.28 ± 0.68°C) as well as lower skin, neck and forehead temperatures (main effect of trial, all p < 0.05). Lower ratings of thermal sensation and perceived exertion and enhanced thermal comfort were recorded during COOL (main effect of trial, all p < 0.05). Whilst minimal differences in cognitive function were found when using the combined cooling intervention, the findings highlight a practical and effective strategy to improving many physiological and perceptual responses to intermittent exercise in the heat.
Comparative analysis of SNaPshot and massively parallel sequencing for body fluid–specific DNA methylation markers
Authors: Kim Bo Min , Park Sang Un , Lee Hwan Young 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe identification of tissue‐specific differentially methylated regions has significantly contributed to the field of forensic genetics, particularly in body fluid identification crucial for linking evidence to crimes. Among the various approaches to analyzing DNA methylation, the SNaPshot assay has been popularly studied in numerous researches. However, there is a growing interest in exploring alternative methods such as the use of massively parallel sequencing (MPS), which can process a large number of samples simultaneously. This study compares SNaPshot and MPS multiplex assays using nine cytosine‐phosphate‐guanine markers for body fluid identification. As a result of analyzing 112 samples, including blood, saliva, vaginal fluid, menstrual blood, and semen, both methods demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity, indicating their reliability in forensic investigations. A total of 92.0% samples were correctly identified by both methods. Although both methods accurately identified all blood, saliva, and semen samples, some vaginal fluid samples showed unexpected methylation signals at nontarget loci in addition to the target loci. In the case of menstrual blood samples, due to their complexity, independent typing criteria were applied, and successful menstrual blood typing was possible, whereas a few samples showed profiles similar to vaginal fluid. The MPS method worked better in vaginal fluid samples, and the SNaPshot method performed better in menstrual blood samples. This study offers valuable insights into body fluid identification based on the characteristics of the SNaPshot and MPS methods, which may help in more efficient forensic applications.