bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Results of a community‐based cervical cancer screening pilot project using human papillomavirus self‐sampling in Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Ogilvie Gina S. , Mitchell Sheona , Sekikubo Musa , Biryabarema Christine , Byamugisha Josaphat , Jeronimo Jose , Miller Dianne , Steinberg Malcolm , Money Deborah M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the feasibility of a community‐based screening program using human papillomavirus (HPV) self‐sampling in a low‐income country with a high burden of cervical cancer.MethodsA pilot study was conducted among 205 women aged 30–69 years in the Kisenyi district of Kampala, Uganda, from September 5 to October 30, 2011. Women were invited to provide a self‐collected specimen for high‐risk oncogenic HPV testing by outreach workers at their homes and places of gathering in their community. Specimens were tested for HPV, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. Women who tested positive for HPV were referred for colposcopy, biopsy, and treatment at a regional hospital.ResultsOf the 199 women who provided a specimen, 35 (17.6%) tested positive for HPV. The outreach workers were able to provide results to 30 women (85.7%). In all, 26 (74.3%) of the women infected with HPV attended their colposcopy appointments and 4 (11.4%) women were diagnosed with grade 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.ConclusionSelf‐collection of samples for community‐based HPV testing was an acceptable option; most women who tested positive attended for definitive treatment. Self‐sampling could potentially allow for effective recruitment to screening programs in limited‐resource settings.
Prospective cohort study and meta‐analysis of cyclic bleeding after laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy
Authors: Nouri Kazem , Demmel Maurus , Greilberger Ulrike , Fischer Eva‐Maria , Seemann Rudolf , Egarter Christian , Ott Johannes 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate a modified technique of laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy (LSH) on rates of postoperative cyclic bleeding (PCB).MethodsA retrospective study was conducted of 173 women who underwent LSH with bipolar electrocoagulation of the endocervical canal at Landeskrankenhaus Wolfsberg, Wolfsberg, Austria, between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2009. Long‐term follow‐up was assessed using a questionnaire. A systematic literature review and a meta‐analysis of 13 studies that reported on PCB after LSH were also conducted.ResultsIn all, 164 women (94.8%) had uneventful intraoperative and postoperative courses. By contrast, 9 of 146 premenopausal women (6.2%) experienced PCB. The meta‐analysis (n = 1822) revealed an overall PCB rate of 7.1%. Bipolar electrocoagulation of the endocervical canal was the most effective method for prevention of PCB (bleeding rate, 2.9%) followed by unipolar electrocoagulation (bleeding rate, 9.9%). Uterine resection below the internal cervical orifice was more effective for preventing PCB (13 of 633 women; 2.1%) than either amputation at this site or above this site (27 of 537 women [5.0%] and 88 of 640 women [13.8%]).ConclusionBipolar coagulation of the endocervical canal and extensive resection with amputation below the level of the internal cervical orifice were effective for reducing rates of PCB.
Remote monitoring of ICDs and CRTs
Authors: Varma Niraj 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCardiac implantable electronic devices are increasing in prevalence and functionality. Post‐implant follow‐up is important for monitoring both device function and patient condition. However, practice is inconsistent. For example, ICD follow‐up schedules vary from 3 months to yearly according to facility and physician preference and availability of resources. Recommended follow‐up schedules impose significant burden. Importantly, no surveillance occurs between follow‐up visits. In contrast, implantable devices with automatic remote monitoring capability provide a means for performing constant surveillance, with the ability to identify salient problems rapidly. Results from large randomized prospective trials of all types of CIEDs from different manufacturers, and conducted in different countries, consistently indicate superior performance to conventional care for achieving the current follow‐up goals of patient retention and early problem discovery, improving patient safety and convenience, yet promoting clinic efficiencies. Thus, automatic remote home monitoring is a transforming technology in the evolution of CIEDs, and is poised for remarkable gains in disease management.
Exploring the Connections Between Traumatic Brain Injury Caregiver Mental Health and Family Dynamics in Mexico City, Mexico
Authors: Perrin Paul B. , Stevens Lillian F. , Sutter Megan , Hubbard Rebecca , Díaz Sosa Dulce María , Espinosa Jove Irma Guadalupe , Arango‐Lasprilla Juan Carlos 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveTo examine the patterns of family dynamics that are most associated with the mental health of traumatic brain injury (TBI) caregivers from Mexico. It was hypothesized that healthier family dynamics would be associated with better caregiver mental health.DesignA cross‐sectional study of self‐reported data collected from TBI caregivers through the Mexican National Institute of Rehabilitation in Mexico City, Mexico, the premier public medical facility in Mexico that provides rehabilitation services to patients with various disabilities.SettingOne public outpatient medical and rehabilitation facility.ParticipantsSixty‐eight caregivers of individuals with moderate‐to‐severe TBI from Mexico City, Mexico, were related to an individual with TBI who was ≥3 months after injury, a primary caregiver for ≥3 months, familiar with the patient's history, and without neurologic or psychiatric conditions. The average (standard deviation) age of caregivers was 50.94 ± 12.85 years), and 82% were women.MethodsThe caregivers completed Spanish versions of instruments that assessed their own mental health and family dynamics.Main Outcome MeasurementsOutcomes assessed included family dynamics (Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale—Fourth Edition; Family Communication Scale; Family Satisfaction Scale; Family Assessment Device—General Functioning; and Relationship‐Focused Coping Scale), and caregiver mental health (Patient Health Questionnaire‐9, Zarit Burden Interview, and Satisfaction with Life Scale).ResultsResults of canonical correlation analyses suggested that caregiver mental health and family dynamics were positively related, with a large effect size. Caregivers with high family satisfaction and cohesion tended to have a low burden and high satisfaction with life. In addition, caregiver depression and burden were positively related to each other and were both inversely related to caregiver satisfaction with life.ConclusionsTBI caregiver interventions in Latino populations would likely benefit from including programming or techniques to improve family dynamics, especially family cohesion, given the strong potentially reciprocal influence of these dynamics on caregiver mental health.
Nongovernmental Resources to Support Disaster Preparedness, Response, and Recovery
Authors: Acosta Joie D. , Chandra Anita , Ringel Jeanne S. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectiveAlthough recent emergencies or disasters have underscored the vital role of nongovernmental (NGO) resources, they remain not well understood or leveraged. We intended to develop an assets framework that identifies relevant NGO resources for disaster preparedness and response that can be used to assess their availability at state and local levels.MethodsWe conducted a search of peer-reviewed publications to identify existing asset frameworks, and reviewed policy documents and gray literature to identify roles of NGOs in emergency preparedness, response, and recovery. A standardized data abstraction form was used to organize the results by NGO sector.ResultsWe organized NGO assets into 5 categories: competencies, money, infrastructure or equipment, services, relationships, and data for each of the 11 sectors designated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the 2011 preparedness capabilities.ConclusionsOur findings showed that the capacity of each sector to capture data on each asset type needs strengthening so that data can be merged for just-in-time analysis to indicate where additional relief is needed. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;0:1–6)
The timing of monozygotic twinning: a criticism of the common model
Authors: Herranz Gonzalo 
Published: June 2013

SummaryIn the dominant model, monozygotic (MZ) twinning is universally accepted as a post-fertilization event resulting from splitting of the embryo along its first 2 weeks of development. The stage at which splitting occurs determines chorionicity and amnionicity. A short history on how the model was built is presented, stressing the role played by some embryologists, in particular George Corner, in its completion and final success. Strikingly, for more than 60 years no deep criticisms have been raised against the model, which, in virtue of its rational and plausible character, enjoys the status of undisputed truth. At close examination, the embryological support of the model shows some important weak points, particularly when dealing with late splitting. In the author's view, the model not only has contributed to ‘suspend’ our knowledge on the timing of MZ twinning, but seems indefensible and claims to be substituted. That factor could imply relevant consequences for embryology and bioethics. As an alternative to the model, a new theory to explain the timing of MZ twinning is proposed. It is based on two premises. First, MZ twinning would be a fertilization event. In that case, due to an alteration of the zygote–blastomere transition, the first zygotic division, instead of producing two blastomeres, generates twin zygotes. Second, monochorionicity and monoamnionicity would not depend on embryo splitting, but on fusion of membranes. Some support for this theory can be found in recent embryological advances and also in some explanations of old.
Targeting of the MNK–eIF4E axis in blast crisis chronic myeloid leukemia inhibits leukemia stem cell function
Authors: Lim Sharon , Saw Tzuen Yih , Zhang Min , Janes Matthew R. , Nacro Kassoum , Hill Jeffrey , Lim An Qi , Chang Chia-Tien , Fruman David A. , Rizzieri David A. , Tan Soo Yong , Fan Hung , Chuah Charles T. H. , Ong S. Tiong 
Published: June 2013

Significance
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) frequently acquire the ability to self-renew and persist in their hosts by coopting normal stem cell programs. Blast crisis (BC) chronic myeloid leukemia is a prototypic example, as the acquired activation of β-catenin signaling that enables BC CSC function is also important in normal hematopoietic stem cell maintenance. In identifying eIF4E phosphorylation by the MNK kinases as a necessary step in β-catenin activation in BC CSCs, but not normal hematopoietic stem cells, we define a therapeutic target in BC. Our studies suggest that clinical trials with MNK kinase inhibitors are warranted in BC chronic myeloid leukemia.
Expression of murine Unc93b1 is up-regulated by interferon and estrogen signaling: implications for sex bias in the development of autoimmunity
Authors: Panchanathan Ravichandran , Liu Hongzhu , Choubey Divaker 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum transmembrane protein, Unc93b1, is essential for trafficking of endosomal TLRs from the endoplasmic reticulum to endosomes. A genetic defect in the human UNC93B1 gene is associated with immunodeficiency. However, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients express increased levels of the UNC93B1 protein in B cells. Because SLE in patients and certain mouse models exhibits a sex bias and increased serum levels of type I interferons in patients are associated with the disease activity, we investigated whether the female sex hormone estrogen (E2) or type I interferon signaling could up-regulate the expression of the murine Unc93b1 gene. We found that steady-state levels of Unc93b1 mRNA and protein were measurably higher in immune cells (CD3+, B220+, CD11b+ and CD11c+) isolated from C57BL/6 (B6) females than age-matched males. Moreover, treatment of CD11b+ and B220+ cells with E2 or interferons (IFN-α, IFN-β or IFN-γ) significantly increased the levels of Unc93b1 mRNA and protein. Accordingly, a deficiency of estrogen receptor-α or STAT1 expression in immune cells decreased the expression levels of the Unc93b1 protein. Interestingly, levels of Unc93b1 protein were appreciably higher in B6.Nba2 lupus-prone female mice compared with age-matched B6 females. Furthermore, increased expression of the interferon- and E2-inducible p202 protein in a murine macrophage cell line (RAW264.7) increased the levels of the Unc93b1 protein, whereas knockdown of p202 expression reduced the levels. To our knowledge, our observations demonstrate for the first time that activation of interferon and estrogen signaling in immune cells up-regulates the expression of murine Unc93b1.
Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of IκB-ζ upon engagement of the BCR, TLRs and FcγR
Authors: Hanihara Fumito , Takahashi Yuta , Okuma Atsushi , Ohba Tomoyuki , Muta Tatsushi 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIκB-ζ is a nuclear IκB protein robustly induced in macrophages and fibroblasts upon TLR or IL-1R stimulation. IκB-ζ associates with NF-κB in the cell nucleus and is essential for the induction of a subset of secondary response genes represented by IL-6. Here, we analyzed induction of IκB-ζ in mouse B cells and found that IκB-ζ is induced by BCR or TLR stimulation. Similar to TLR stimulation, BCR stimulation elicited NF-κB-mediated transcriptional activation and mRNA stabilization of IκB-ζ via a cis-element in IκB-ζ mRNA. Proteasome inhibitors inhibited transcriptional activation but not post-transcriptional activation, indicating independency of the two signals. Co-stimulation of the BCR and TLR9 or TLR7, but not TLR2/1, synergistically induced IκB-ζ. Co-engagement of inhibitory Fcγ receptor suppressed BCR-mediated IκB-ζ expression but not that induced by TLR stimulation alone or co-stimulation of TLR and the BCR. The PI3K inhibitor LY294002 inhibited BCR-mediated, but not TLR-mediated, induction of IκB-ζ, consistent with the role of PI3K in BCR signaling and its suppression by FcγR. Analysis of IκB-ζ-deficient B cells demonstrated that IκB-ζ was essential upon stimulation of BCR or TLR for the expression of several genes including IL-10 and CTLA4. IκB-ζ-deficient B cells exhibited impaired proliferation and enhanced up-regulation of CD86 following stimulation of TLR9, but not the BCR, indicating critical roles for IκB-ζ in TLR signaling in B cells. Strict regulatory mechanisms for the induction of IκB-ζ via multiple pathways and its essential function upon stimulation indicate that IκB-ζ plays an important role in B cells.
Differential regulation of marginal zone and follicular B cell responses by CD83
Authors: Uhde Melanie , Kuehl Svenja , Richardt Ulricke , Fleischer Bernhard , Osterloh Anke 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTransgenic over-expression of CD83 on B cells leads to a reduced response to BCR engagement but to an enhanced secretion of IL-10 upon LPS stimulation. In this study, we analyzed the differential influence of CD83 on the stimulation of different B cell subsets via the BCR or TLR4. Neither wild type nor CD83 transgenic (CD83tg) B cells produced any IL-10 in response to BCR stimulation. BCR engagement led to reduced activation of LYN, SYK and ERK1/2 resulting in reduced numbers of proliferating cells in all CD83tg B cell subsets. Moreover, CD83tg follicular (FO) but not marginal zone (MZ) or transitional (TN) B cells showed significantly enhanced cell death. In contrast, LPS stimulation led to normal frequencies of proliferating CD83tg FO, MZ and TN B cells although TLR4 engagement did not rescue FO B cells from apoptosis. Furthermore, LPS stimulation led to high IL-10 production derived from CD83tg MZ B cells that reacted to LPS stimulation with enhanced ERK1/2 activation. Finally, we show that CD83 co-localizes with the BCR complex as well as with the LPS receptor complex suggesting that CD83 interacts with components of both signaling complexes. Taken together, the results of this study show that CD83 already inhibits the initiation of BCR signaling leading to insufficient activation signals in all B cells and reduced survival especially of FO B cells. On the other hand, CD83 supports TLR4-mediated IL-10 release exclusively in MZ B cells. Thus, CD83 differentially modulates FO and MZ B cell responses.
Outbreak of acute respiratory disease caused by human adenovirus type 7 in a military training camp in Shaanxi, China
Authors: Yu Pengbo , Ma Chaofeng , Nawaz Muhammad , Han Lei , Zhang Jianfang , Du Quanli , Zhang Lixia , Feng Qunling , Wang Jingjun , Xu Jiru 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTOutbreaks of ARD associated with HAdV have been reported in military populations in many countries. Here, we report an ARD outbreak caused by HAdV‐7 in a military training camp in Shaanxi Province, China, from February to March of 2012. Epidemic data and samples from the patients were collected, and viral nucleotides from samples and viral isolations were detected and sequenced. IgG and IgA antibodies against HAdV, and the neutralization antibodies against the viral strain isolated in this outbreak, were detected. Epidemiological study showed that all personnel affected were males with an average age of 19.1 years. Two peaks appeared on the epicurve and there was an 8‐day interval between peaks. Laboratory results of viral nucleotide detection carried out with clinical specimens were positive for HAdV (83.33%, 15/18). Further study through serum antibody assay, virus isolation and phylogenetic analysis showed that HAdV‐7 was the etiological agent responsible for the outbreak. IgA antibody began to appear on the 4th day after the onset and showed 100% positivity on the 8th day. The virus strain in the present outbreak was highly similar to the virus isolated in Hanzhong Shaanxi in 2009. We conclude that HAdV‐7 was the pathogen corresponding to the outbreak, and this is the first report of an ARD outbreak caused by HAdV‐7 in military persons in China. Vaccine development, as well as enhanced epidemiological and virological surveillance of HAdV infections in China should be emphasized.
Social network analysis of wild chimpanzees provides insights for predicting infectious disease risk
Authors: Rushmore Julie , Caillaud Damien , Matamba Leopold , Stumpf Rebecca M. , Borgatti Stephen P. , Altizer Sonia 
Published: June 2013

SummaryHeterogeneity in host association patterns can alter pathogen transmission and strategies for control. Great apes are highly social and endangered animals that have experienced substantial population declines from directly transmitted pathogens; as such, network approaches to quantify contact heterogeneity could be crucially important for predicting infection probability and outbreak size following pathogen introduction, especially owing to challenges in collecting real‐time infection data for endangered wildlife.We present here the first study using network analysis to quantify contact heterogeneity in wild apes, with applications for predicting community‐wide infectious disease risk. Specifically, within a wild chimpanzee community, we ask how associations between individuals vary over time, and we identify traits of highly connected individuals that might contribute disproportionately to pathogen spread.We used field observations of behavioural encounters in a habituated wild chimpanzee community in Kibale National Park, Uganda to construct monthly party level (i.e. subgroup) and close‐contact (i.e. ≤5 m) association networks over a 9‐month period.Network analysis revealed that networks were highly dynamic over time. In particular, oestrous events significantly increased pairwise party associations, suggesting that community‐wide disease outbreaks should be more likely to occur when many females are in oestrus.Bayesian models and permutation tests identified traits of chimpanzees that were highly connected within the network. Individuals with large families (i.e. mothers and their juveniles) that range in the core of the community territory and to a lesser extent high‐ranking males were central to association networks, and thus represent the most important individuals to target for disease intervention strategies.Overall, we show striking temporal variation in network structure and traits that predict association patterns in a wild chimpanzee community. These empirically‐derived networks can inform dynamic models of pathogen transmission and have practical applications for infectious disease management of endangered wildlife species.
Logging and forest edges reduce redundancy in plant–frugivore networks in an old‐growth European forest
Authors: Albrecht Jörg , Berens Dana G. , Blüthgen Nico , Jaroszewicz Bogdan , Selva Nuria , Farwig Nina 
Published: June 2013

Summary

Seed dispersal by frugivores is the basis for regeneration of fleshy‐fruited plants in forest ecosystems. Previous studies have reported a decrease in forest specialist frugivores due to logging and forest edges. Forest generalists appear less sensitive and may even increase at forest edges. Such changes in the abundance of frugivores may have consequences for consumer/resource ratios and competition in plant–frugivore networks.

Optimal foraging theory predicts an increase in dietary specialization of animals at low consumer/resource ratios due to reduced competition. A decrease in forest specialists in logged forests should cause decreased consumer/resource ratios, increased dietary specialization and reduced redundancy, whereas an increased abundance of forest generalists at edges may compensate for a loss of specialists.

In Europe's last old‐growth lowland forest (Białowieża, Eastern Poland), we recorded fruit removal by frugivores from fleshy‐fruited plant species in the interior and at edges of logged and old‐growth forests for 2 consecutive years.

The abundance of forest generalists increased at forest edges, whereas specialists were unaffected. Conversely, logging resulted in a decrease in abundance of forest specialists but had no effect on the abundance of generalists. Accordingly, consumer/resource ratios increased from interior to edges and were reduced in the interior of logged forests compared with the interior of old‐growth forests. As predicted by optimal foraging theory, a decrease in consumer/resource ratios coincided with increased dietary specialization and a loss of redundancy in the interior of logged forests. Despite low dietary specialization, redundancy was reduced at forest edges as forest generalists dominated plant–frugivore interactions.

Synthesis. We show that a shift in frugivore assemblages at forest edges and increased dietary specialization of frugivores in the interior of logged forests involved a loss of redundancy compared with continuous old‐growth forests. This suggests that seed dispersal services in secondary forest habitats depend on an impoverished subset of dispersal vectors and may suffer reduced adaptive potential to changing environmental conditions. Thus, our study highlights the value of old‐growth forests for the conservation of frugivore‐mediated seed dispersal processes.