bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stereoselective Synthesis of Boat‐Locked Glycosides Designed as Glycosyl Hydrolase Conformational Probes
Authors: Thiery Emilie , Reniers Jérémy , Wouters Johan , Vincent Stéphane P. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA general method for the preparation of galactose derivatives locked in a 1,4B boat conformation has been developed. The boat scaffold was stereoselectively functionalized at the C‐1′ position by aliphatic and aromatic groups along with azido or hydroxy groups. The configuration at the new stereogenic center was controlled and determined by X‐ray diffraction. These molecules were designed to probe the conformational itinerary of the substrate of glycosyl hydrolases. Inhibition assays were performed against a series of commercially available glycosidases, which showed that these enzymes do not harness a 1,4B‐boat‐like transition state.
Silver‐Mediated Cα(sp3)–H Functionalization of Primary Amines: An Oxidative C–N Coupling Strategy for the Synthesis of Two Different Types of 1,2,4,5‐Tetrasubstituted Imidazoles
Authors: Sarkar Rajib , Mukhopadhyay Chhanda 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA new silver(I)‐mediated Cα(sp3)–H bond functionalization of primary amines and subsequent oxidative C–N cross‐coupling reaction has been demonstrated. This protocol provides a simple, highly efficient, and straightforward approach to form significantly diverse 1,2,4,5‐tetrasubstituted imidazoles. In this course of the reaction, a stoichiometric amount of Ag2CO3 was employed. Upon completion of reaction, the silver species was successfully recycled and reused without any loss of activity. Good to excellent yields of the products were readily achieved by using this selective oxidative C–N coupling, which was promoted by a crucial silver(I) salt.
Beliefs about group malleability and out‐group attitudes: The mediating role of perceived threat in interactions with out‐group members
Authors: Simão Claudia , Brauer Markus 
Published: January 2015

AbstractRecent research suggests that inducing fixed (rather than malleable) beliefs about groups leads to more negative attitudes toward out‐groups. The present paper identifies the underlying mechanism of this effect. We show that individuals with a fixed belief about groups tend to construe intergroup settings as threatening situations that might reveal shortcomings of their in‐group (perceived threat). In the present research, we measured (Study 1) and manipulated (Study 2) participants' lay theories about group malleability. We found that the extent to which individuals had an entity (versus an incremental) group theory influenced the level of threat they felt when interacting with out‐group members, and that perceived threat in turn affected their level of ethnocentrism and prejudice. These findings shed new light on the role of lay theories in intergroup attitudes and suggest new ways to reduce prejudice. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pseudo‐dynamic testing of a concrete gravity dam
Authors: Aldemir Alper , Binici Baris , Arici Yalin , Kurc Ozgur , Canbay Erdem 
Published: January 2015

SummaryInspired from the simplified single degree of freedom modeling approach used in the preliminary design of concrete gravity dams, a pseudo‐dynamic testing method was devised for the seismic testing of a concrete gravity dam section. The test specimen was a 1/75 scaled section of the 120‐m‐high monolith of the Melen Dam, one of the highest concrete gravity dams to be built in Turkey. The single degree of freedom idealization of the dam section was validated in the first stage of the study using numerical simulations including the dam–reservoir interaction. Afterwards, pseudo‐dynamic testing was conducted on the specimen using three ground motions corresponding to different hazard levels. Lateral displacement and base shear demands were measured. The crack propagation at the base of the dam was monitored with the measurement of the crack widths and the base sliding displacements. After the pseudo‐dynamic loading, a static pushover test was conducted to determine the reserve capacity of the test specimen. Despite major cracking at the base of the monolith, neither significant sliding nor a stability problem that might jeopardize the stability of the dam was observed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Power to the people? An international review of the democratizing effects of direct elections to healthcare organizations
Authors: Stewart Ellen A. , Greer Scott L. , Wilson Iain , Donnelly Peter D. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryEnsuring that publicly funded health systems are democratically accountable is an enduring challenge in policy and practice. One strategy for enhancing public officials' accountability is to elect members of the public to oversee their performance. Several countries have experimented with direct elections to healthcare organizations. The most directly comparable examples involve some Canadian regional health authorities, New Zealand district health boards, foundation trusts in England and health boards in Scotland. We propose three aspects of the process by which the democratizing effects of elections should be judged: authorization, accountability and influence. Evidence from these countries suggests that the democratization of health systems is a complex task, which cannot be completed simply by introducing elections. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lithium and sexual dysfunction: an under‐researched area
Authors: Elnazer Hesham Y. , Sampson Anthony , Baldwin David 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveLithium treatment remains an important part of the management of many patients with bipolar disorder, but the incidence of treatment‐emergent sexual dysfunction with lithium is uncertain, and little is known about how it might be managed.MethodSystematic computerised literature search of preclinical and clinical studies.ResultsThirteen relevant papers were identified. Preclinical studies suggest lithium can reduce testosterone levels and impair nitric oxide mediated relaxation of cavernosal tissue. Clinical reports suggest lithium may reduce sexual thoughts and desire, worsen erectile function and reduce sexual satisfaction. Concomitant benzodiazepine prescription with lithium is associated with an increased risk of sexual dysfunction. Sexual dysfunction during lithium treatment appears significantly associated with a lower level of overall functioning and may reduce compliance.ConclusionThe findings of this systematic review reveal the paucity of information about the incidence, associated factors and management of sexual dysfunction with lithium treatment and highlight the need for well‐designed studies in this area. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrological controls on deep burning in a northern forested peatland
Authors: Lukenbach Maxwell Curtis , Hokanson Kelly Jean , Moore Paul A. , Devito Kevin J. , Kettridge Nicholas , Thompson Daniel K. , Wotton Brian M. , Petrone Richard Michael , Waddington James Michael 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWhile previous boreal peatland wildfire research has generally reported average organic soil burn depths ranging from 0.05 to 0.20 m, here, we report on deep burning in a peatland in the Utikuma Complex forest fire (SWF‐060, ~90 000 ha, May 2011) in the sub‐humid climate of Alberta's Boreal Plains. Deep burning was prevalent at peatland margins, where average burn depths of 0.42 ± 0.02 m were fivefold greater than in the middle of the peatland. We examined adjacent unburned sections of the peatland to characterize the hydrological and hydrophysical conditions necessary to account for the observed burn depths. Our findings suggest that the peatland margin at this site represented a smouldering hotspot due to the effect of dynamic hydrological conditions on margin peat bulk density and moisture. Specifically, the coupling of dense peat (bulk density >100 kg m−3) and low peat moisture (m <250%) at the peatland margin allowed for severe smouldering to propagate deep into the peat profile. We estimated that carbon release from this margin ‘hotspot’ ranged from 10 to 85 kg C m−2 (mean = 27 kg C m−2), accounting for ~80% of the total soil carbon loss from the peatland during the wildfire. As such, we suggest that current estimations of peatland carbon loss from wildfires that exclude (and/or miss) these ‘hotspots’ are likely underestimating total carbon emissions from peatland wildfires. We conclude that assessments of natural and managed peatland vulnerability to wildfire should focus on identifying dense peat on the landscape that is vulnerable to drying. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lasso for Instrumental Variable Selection: A Replication Study
Authors: Spindler Martin 
Published: January 2015

SummaryRecently, Lasso methods have been applied to economic questions. In a seminal paper, Belloniet al. (Econometrica;80(6): 2369–2429) make use of (post‐)Lasso for instrumental variable selection in a setting where the number of instrumentspis large or might even exceed the number of observationsn—a situation which is prevalent in many current applications. We replicate their simulation study with the statistical package R (R Development Core Team ()) and, moreover, analyze in more detail the importance of the choice of the penalization parameter, a crucial component in applications. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scheimpflug camera in the quantitative assessment of reproducibility of high‐speed corneal deformation during intraocular pressure measurement
Authors: Koprowski Robert , Ambrósio Renato , Reisdorf Sven 
Published: January 2015

The paper presents an original analysis method of corneal deformation images from the ultra‐high‐speed Scheimpflug camera (Corvis ST tonometer). Particular attention was paid to deformation frequencies exceeding 100 Hz and their reproducibility in healthy subjects examined repeatedly. A total of 4200 images with a resolution of 200 × 576 pixels were recorded. The data derived from 3 consecutive measurements from 10 volunteers with normal corneas. A new image analysis algorithm, written in Matlab with the use of the Image Processing package, adaptive image filtering, morphological analysis methods and fast Fourier transform, was proposed. The following results were obtained: (1) reproducibility of the eyeball reaction in healthy subjects with precision of 10%, (2) corneal vibrations with a frequency of 369 ± 65 Hz (3) and amplitude of 7.86 ± 1.28 µm, (4) the phase shift within two parts of the cornea of the same subject of about 150°.
The result of image sequence analysis for one subject and deformations with a corneal frequency response above 100 Hz.magnified imageThe result of image sequence analysis for one subject and deformations with a corneal frequency response above 100 Hz.
Employee well‐being in organizations: Theoretical model, scale development, and cross‐cultural validation
Authors: Zheng Xiaoming , Zhu Weichun , Zhao Haixia , Zhang Chi 
Published: January 2015

SummaryIn this study, we explore the theoretical model and structural dimensions of employee well‐being (EWB) in organizations. Specifically, using both qualitative and quantitative methods, we find that EWB comprises three dimensions: life well‐being, workplace well‐being, and psychological well‐being. We establish the reliability and validity of the newly developed EWB scale through a series of quantitative studies, which indicate that EWB is significantly correlated with affective organizational commitment and job performance based on the data collected from multiple sources at two points in time. We find that EWB has measurement invariance (configural invariance) across Chinese and American contexts. We also discuss the theoretical contributions of these findings to cross‐cultural organizational behavior studies, along with the practical implications of our results. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationship between protean career orientation and work–life balance: A resource perspective
Authors: Direnzo Marco S. , Greenhaus Jeffrey H. , Weer Christy H. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryDespite the commonly held belief that a protean career orientation (PCO) enables employees to achieve more balance in their lives, little is known about the relationship between PCO and work–life balance. Using two waves of data collection separated by 2.5 years, this study examined the relationship between PCO and work–life balance among a sample of 367 college‐educated employees in the United States. Analysis was conducted to empirically distinguish PCO from conceptually related constructs, and structural equation modeling was used to examine the process that explains the linkage between PCO and balance. We found that PCO was positively related to work–life balance. We also found support for the role of several resources (social capital, psychological capital, and perceived employability) that explain the relationship between PCO and balance. In particular, PCO was associated with extensive career planning activities that were related to the accumulation of three forms of career capital—human capital, social capital, and psychological capital. In turn, social capital and psychological capital were associated with high employability, which was related to greater work–life balance for individuals who take a whole‐life perspective on their careers. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of the findings and provide suggestions for future research. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of genetic improvement of grain yield and nitrogen efficiency of mid‐seasonindicarice cultivars
Authors: Liu Lijun , Xiong Yiwei , Bian Jinglong , Zhang Hao , Gu Junfei , Wang Zhiqin , Yang Jianchang 
Published: January 2015

AbstractGenetic improvement (GI) of mid‐seasonindicarice (Oryza sativaL.) in China has been experienced four typical plant types during the past several decades,i.e., early tall cultivars (ET), dwarf cultivars (DC), semi‐dwarf cultivars (SDC) and super rice cultivars (SR). However, little is known about the changes in fertilizer nitrogen (N) efficiency and their relationships with grain yield during the GI. With 12 representative mid‐seasonindicacultivars of the four types during GI, the effects of GI on grain yield and nitrogen efficiency were investigated. The results show that GI significantly increased grain yield and agronomic efficiency (AE) of N fertilizer but had no significant effect on recovery efficiency (RE) of N fertilizer. The low percentage of filled grains in modern SR limited its yield potential and the further increase in AE. GI decreased the N uptake from heading to maturity, leading to lower RE in modern rice cultivars. The rapid decline of the activities of root oxidation and nitrate reductase in SR during grain filling might be the physiological reasons for the lower percentage of filled grains and lower N uptake from heading to maturity.
PEG‐Imbedded PEO Membrane Developed by a Novel Highly Efficient Strategy Toward Superior Gas Transport Performance
Authors: Quan Shuai , Tang Yu Pan , Wang Zhen Xing , Jiang Zai Xing , Wang Rong Guo , Liu Yu Yan , Shao Lu 
Published: January 2015

Low‐molecular‐weight poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is deliberately incorporated into synthesized swellable poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) membranes via a facile post‐treatment strategy. The membranes exhibit both larger fractional free volume (FFV) and a higher content of CO2‐philic building units, resulting in significant increments in both CO2 permeability and CO2/H2 selectivity. The separation performance correlates nicely with the microstructure of the membranes. This study may provide useful insights in the formation and mass transport behavior of highly efficient polymeric membranes applicable to clean energy purification and CO2 capture, and possibly bridge the material‐induced technology gap between academia and industry.
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Federated trouble ticket system for service management support in loosely coupled multi‐domain environments
Authors: Vuletić Pavle V. , Vuleta‐Radoičić Jovana J. , Kalogeras Dimitrios 
Published: January 2015

SummaryOperating services in multi‐domain environments is inherently more complex than in a single domain because of the existence of multiple managed domains with various operating procedures, devices and systems in use. This increased complexity on one side and the demand to provide efficient and reliable services in such environment on the other impose the need to automate service operations processes and procedures. However, in loosely coupled federated service environments where participating domains retain absolute control over internal resources and processes, remotely operated configuration commands, which are prerequisite for automated operations, directly threaten the autonomy of the participating members. In this article, we identify key business processes and required operating support systems components unique to federated environments by analysing process flows for services jointly provided by European National Research and Education Networks. Although we conclude that the involvement of human operators in key service operations processes is inevitable, we propose a new workflow scheme and other necessary components needed to integrate domains in a way that minimizes manual intervention. The proposed scheme interconnects independently operating trouble ticket systems (TTSs) from participating domains in a federated TTS (FTTS). The proposed FTTS is not constrained just to the basic function of TTS—fault management, but it supports all key federated service operation activities like service provisioning, problem or performance management. The proposed fully decentralized federated scheme retains the main inherent capabilities of TTSs such as tracking, escalation and expiration and at the same time supports the desired federated service communication processes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hypogammaglobulinemia in children after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A cytokine mediated immunoglobulin isotype class switch arrest?
Authors: Sundin Mikael , Remberger Mats , Lindqvist Henric , Omazic Brigitta , Sundberg Berit , Uzunel Mehmet , Winiarski Jacek 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundHypogammaglobulinemia (hypo‐IgG) is common early post‐HSCT in children, occasionally necessitating long‐term immunoglobulin (Ig) G replacement therapy. IgG replacement may not reduce mortality, although infectious complications are decreasedProcedureClinical data and samples from 86 children were analyzed retrospectively with the aim to identify risk factors for developing long‐term hypo‐IgG (i.e., requiring ≥3 months IgG replacement) post‐HSCT and studying the underlying biology. Laboratory studies covered serum cytokines, IGHG2 genotyping and routine laboratory investigations. Results were analyzed statistically.ResultsForty‐eight percent of the children developed long‐term hypo‐IgG. These children were younger (<5 years) and had higher acute GvHD incidence, but had better overall survival (88% vs. 69%, P = 0.036). Significantly lower Ig levels post‐HSCT but equal immune cell recovery were seen in patients with long‐term hypo‐IgG compared with those of transient or no hypo‐IgG. Pre‐HSCT IL‐6 and ‐7 and post‐HSCT BAFF and APRIL levels were significantly higher in the long‐term hypo‐IgG group.ConclusionsFindings suggests an unfavorable cytokine milieu for graft‐derived immune recovery, possibly inducing Ig isotype class switch arrest. Younger age, acute GvHD, and higher pre‐HSCT IL‐6 levels were identified as significant risk factors for long‐term hypo‐IgG. Long‐term hypo‐IgG post‐HSCT does not need to be unfavorable and could be an effect of deteriorated cytokine signaling. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:890–896. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The relation between depression, coping and health locus of control: differences between older and younger patients, with and without cancer
Authors: Aarts Jurian W. F. , Deckx Laura , van Abbema Doris L. , Tjan‐Heijnen Vivianne C. G. , van den Akker Marjan , Buntinx Frank 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectiveDepression is an important health issue in cancer patients. People use different coping strategies and health locus of control to manage stressful situations, which relate to different risks of depression. Coping strategies and health locus of control can be changed by cognitive behavioral interventions.MethodsIn a cohort study, we investigated differences in coping strategy and health locus of control in older (≥70 years) and middle‐aged (50–69 years) cancer patients, and older patients without cancer (≥70 years), and their association with presence of depression. We also investigated how these factors interact. We used the short version of the Utrecht Coping List, the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control scale, and the 15‐item Geriatric Depression Scale.ResultsData were available from 1317 participants. Overall prevalence of depression was 12%. Older cancer patients tended to use an avoiding coping strategy more frequently than middle‐aged cancer patients. This was associated with higher risk of depression. Older cancer patients less often used an active coping strategy, in comparison with middle‐aged cancer patients, which was associated with a lower risk of depression. Especially in women using a seeking social support strategy, there was a lower risk of depression. Overall, the internal health locus of control was associated with higher and the external ‘powerful others’ locus with lower risk of depression.ConclusionsOlder cancer patients strongly differ from middle‐aged cancer patients, in particular with respect to coping. Interventions to prevent or alleviate depression should incorporate these differences. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feature import vector machine: A general classifier with flexible feature selection
Authors: Ghosh Samiran , Wang Yazhen 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe support vector machine (SVM) and other reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) based classifier systems are drawing much attention recently owing to its robustness and generalization capability. General theme here is to construct classifiers based on the training data in a high dimensional space by using all available dimensions. The SVM achieves huge data compression by selecting only few observations that lie close to the boundary of the classifier function. However when the number of observations is not very large (small n) but the number of dimensions/features is large (large p), then it is not necessary that all available features are of equal importance in the classification context. Possible selection of a useful fraction of the available features may result in huge data compression. In this paper, we propose an algorithmic approach by means of which such an optimal set of features could be selected. In short, we reverse the traditional sequential observation selection strategy of SVM to that of sequential feature selection. To achieve this we have modified the solution proposed by Zhu and Hastie in the context of import vector machine (IVM), to select an optimal sub‐dimensional model to build the final classifier with sufficient accuracy.
Differential fault attack on Zorro block cipher
Authors: Shi Danping , Hu Lei , Song Ling , Sun Siwei 
Published: January 2015

AbstractZorro is a 24‐round block cipher presented at the CHES 2013 conference. In this paper, we propose a differential fault attack on Zorro under a byte fault model, in which faults are injected in the 20th round of Zorro at arbitrary positions. With two fault injections on average, a candidate set for the key of the cipher with at most 224 elements can be efficiently obtained in a low time complexity with a probability of at least 96.29%. In this attack, the position of the fault can be easily determined by the difference of the correct and faulty ciphertexts. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.