bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complications following primary and revision transsphenoidal surgeries for pituitary tumors
Authors: Krings James G. , Kallogjeri Dorina , Wineland Andre , Nepple Kenneth G. , Piccirillo Jay F. , Getz Anne E. 
Published: September 2014

Objectives/HypothesisThis study aimed to determine the incidence of major complications following both primary and revision transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. Major complications included endocrinopathic, skull base, orbital, hemorrhagic and thromboembolic complications, respiratory failure, and death. Secondarily, this study aimed to examine factors associated with the occurrence of complications.Study DesignRetrospective cohort analysis of California and Florida all‐payer databases from 2005 to 2008.MethodsThe major complication rate following both primary and revision transsphenoidal pituitary surgery was calculated. Bivariate analyses were performed to investigate the relationship of patient characteristics with complication occurrence, and a multivariate model was constructed to determine risk factors associated with these complications.ResultsThere were 5,277 primary cases and 192 revision cases that met inclusion criteria. There was a nonsignificant absolute difference of 3.09% (95% confidence interval [CI]: −11.00 to 16.14) between the rate of complications following primary (n = 443, 8.39%) and revision (n = 22, 11.46%) surgeries. Multivariate analyses showed that patients with Medicare (odds ratio [OR]:1.74, 95% CI: 1.17 to 2.61), Medicaid (OR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.59 to 2.86), or a malignant neoplasm (OR: 3.10, 95% CI: 1.62 to 5.93) were more likely to have complications.ConclusionsThe rate of major complications following transsphenoidal pituitary surgery is lower than earlier retrospective reports. The overall complication rate following revision surgery was not significantly different from primary surgery. Insurance status and a diagnosis of a malignant neoplasm were associated with a higher rate of complications.Level of Evidence2C Laryngoscope, 125:311–317, 2015
Association of Nucleobase‐Containing Ammonium Ionenes
Authors: Tamami Mana , Zhang Keren , Dixit Ninad , Moore Robert B. , Long Timothy E. 
Published: September 2014

Adenine‐ and thymine‐functionalized ammonium ionenes with variation in spacer lengths are successfully synthesized using the Michael addition post‐polymerization functionalization. This report describes the influence of pendant spacer length on homoassociation and heteroassociation of complementary nucleobase‐containing ionenes. The ionene homo­polymers and complementary blends with various spacer lengths show a single glass transition temperature. Higher glass transition temperatures are observed for the shorter‐spacer ionene homopolymers and their blends. The hydrogen bonding interactions in both blends of adenine‐containing ionenes (ionene‐A) and thymine‐containing ionenes (ionene‐T) with both spacer lengths are studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). DSC analyses do not reveal hydrogen bonding interactions in the ionene blends with the shorter spacer length. In contrast, the longer spacer length ionene blends show the presence of hydrogen bonding interactions and demonstrate that homoassociation is stronger than heteroassociation. FTIR spectroscopy and AFM confirm hydrogen bonding interactions for the longer spacer ionene blends.
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Nano‐Stereocomplexation of Polylactide (PLA) Spheres by Spray Droplet Atomization
Authors: Arias Veluska , Odelius Karin , Albertsson Ann‐Christine 
Published: September 2014

A direct, efficient, and scalable method to prepare stereocomplexed polylactide (PLA)‐based nanoparticles (NPs) is achieved. By an appropriate combination of fabrication parameters, NPs with controlled shape and crystalline morphology are obtained and even pure PLA stereocomplexes (PLASC) are successfully prepared using the spray‐drying technology. The formed particles of varying d‐ and l‐LA content have an average size of ≈400 nm, where the smallest size is obtained for PLA50, which has an equimolar composition of PLLA and PDLA in solution. Raman spectra of the particles show the typical shifts for PLASC in PLA50, and thermal analysis indicates the presence of pure stereocomplexation, with only one melting peak at 226 °C. Topographic images of the particles exhibit a single phase with different surface roughness in correlation with the thermal analysis. A high yield of spherically shaped particles is obtained. The results clearly provide a proficient method for achieving PLASC NPs that are expected to function as renewable materials in PLA‐based nanocomposites and potentially as more stable drug delivery carriers.
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Initial testing (stage 1) of the PARP inhibitor BMN 673 by the pediatric preclinical testing program: PALB2 mutation predicts exceptional in vivo response to BMN 673
Authors: Smith Malcolm A. , Hampton Oliver A. , Reynolds C. Patrick , Kang Min H. , Maris John M. , Gorlick Richard , Kolb E. Anders , Lock Richard , Carol Hernan , Keir Stephen T. , Wu Jianrong , Kurmasheva Raushan T. , Wheeler David A. , Houghton Peter J. 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundBMN 673 is a potent inhibitor of poly‐ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) that is in clinical testing with a primary focus on BRCA‐mutated cancers. BMN 673 is active both through inhibiting PARP catalytic activity and by tightly trapping PARP to DNA at sites of single strand breaks.ProcedureBMN 673 was tested in vitro at concentrations ranging from 0.1 nM to 1 μM and in vivo at a daily dose of 0.33 mg/kg administered orally twice daily (Mon‐Fri) and once daily on weekends (solid tumors) for 28 days.ResultsThe median relative IC50 (rIC50) concentration against the PPTP cell lines was 25.8 nM. The median rIC50 for the Ewing cell lines was lower than for the remaining cell lines (6.4 vs. 31.1 nM, respectively). In vivo BMN 673 induced statistically significant differences in EFS distribution in 17/43 (39.5%) xenograft models. Three objective regressions were observed: a complete response (CR) in a medulloblastoma line (BT‐45), a maintained CR in a Wilms tumor line (KT‐10), and a maintained CR in an ependymoma line (BT‐41). BMN 673 maintained its high level of activity against KT‐10 with a threefold reduction in dose. KT‐10 possesses a truncating mutation in PALB2 analogous to PALB2 mutations associated with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer that abrogate homologous recombination (HR) repair.ConclusionsThe PPTP results suggest that single agent BMN 673 may have limited clinical activity against pediatric cancers. Single agent activity is more likely for patients whose tumors have defects in HR repair. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:91–98. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Proteogenomics in microbiology: Taking the right turn at the junction of genomics and proteomics
Authors: Kucharova Veronika , Wiker Harald G. 
Published: September 2014

High‐accuracy and high‐throughput proteomic methods have completely changed the way we can identify and characterize proteins. MS‐based proteomics can now provide a unique supplement to genomic data and add a new level of information to the interpretation of genomic sequences. Proteomics‐driven genome annotation has become especially relevant in microbiology where genomes are sequenced on a daily basis and limitations of an in silico driven annotation process are well recognized. In this review paper, we outline different strategies on how one can design a proteogenomic experiment, for example on genome‐sequenced (synonymous proteogenomics) versus unsequenced organisms (ortho‐proteogenomics) or with the aid of other “omic” data such as RNA‐seq. We touch upon many challenges that are encountered during a typical proteogenomic study, mostly concerning bioinformatics methods and downstream data analysis, but also related to creation and use of sequence databases. A large list of proteogenomic case studies of different microorganisms is provided to illustrate the mapping of MS/MS‐derived peptide spectra to genomic DNA sequences. These investigations have led to accurate determination of translational initiation sites, pointed out eventual read‐throughs or programmed frameshifts, detected signal peptide processing or other protein maturation events, removed questionable annotation assignments, and provided evidence for predicted hypothetical proteins.
Thermodynamic analysis of F1‐ATPase rotary catalysis using high‐speed imaging
Authors: Watanabe Rikiya , Minagawa Yoshihiro , Noji Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2014

AbstractF1‐ATPase (F1) is a rotary motor protein fueled by ATP hydrolysis. Although the mechanism for coupling rotation and catalysis has been well studied, the molecular details of individual reaction steps remain elusive. In this study, we performed high‐speed imaging of F1 rotation at various temperatures using the total internal reflection dark‐field (TIRDF) illumination system, which allows resolution of the F1 catalytic reaction into elementary reaction steps with a high temporal resolution of 72 µs. At a high concentration of ATP, F1 rotation comprised distinct 80° and 40° substeps. The 80° substep, which exhibited significant temperature dependence, is triggered by the temperature‐sensitive reaction, whereas the 40° substep is triggered by ATP hydrolysis and the release of inorganic phosphate (Pi). Then, we conducted Arrhenius analysis of the reaction rates to obtain the thermodynamic parameters for individual reaction steps, that is, ATP binding, ATP hydrolysis, Pi release, and TS reaction. Although all reaction steps exhibited similar activation free energy values, ΔG‡ = 53–56 kJ mol−1, the contributions of the enthalpy (ΔH‡), and entropy (ΔS‡) terms were significantly different; the reaction steps that induce tight subunit packing, for example, ATP binding and TS reaction, showed high positive values of both ΔH‡ and ΔS‡. The results may reflect modulation of the excluded volume as a function of subunit packing tightness at individual reaction steps, leading to a gain or loss in water entropy.
Field evaluation of an expertise‐based formal decision system for fungicide management of grapevine downy and powdery mildews
Authors: Delière Laurent , Cartolaro Philippe , Léger Bertrand , Naud Olivier 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn France, viticulture accounts for 20% of the phytochemicals sprayed in agriculture, and 80% of grapevine pesticides target powdery and downy mildews. European policies promote pesticide use reduction, and new methods for low‐input disease management are needed for viticulture. Here, we present the assessment, in France, of Mildium®, a new decision support system for the management of grapevine mildews.RESULTSA 4 year assessment trial of Mildium has been conducted in a network of 83 plots distributed across the French vineyards. In most vineyards, Mildium has proved to be successful at protecting the crop while reducing by 30–50% the number of treatments required when compared with grower practices.CONCLUSIONThe design of Mildium results from the formalisation of a common management of both powdery and downy mildews and eventually leads to a significant fungicide reduction at the plot scale. It could encourage stakeholders to design customised farm‐scale and low‐chemical‐input decision support methods. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Mass spectral characterisation of a polar, esterified fraction of an organic extract of an oil sands process water
Authors: Rowland S. J. , Pereira A. S. , Martin J. W. , Scarlett A. G. , West C. E. , Lengger S. K. , Wilde M. J. , Pureveen J. , Tegelaar E. W. , Frank R. A. , Hewitt L. M. 
Published: September 2014

RATIONALECharacterising complex mixtures of organic compounds in polar fractions of heavy petroleum is challenging, but is important for pollution studies and for exploration and production geochemistry. Oil sands process‐affected water (OSPW) stored in large tailings ponds by Canadian oil sands industries contains such mixtures.METHODSA polar OSPW fraction was obtained by silver ion solid‐phase extraction with methanol elution. This was examined by numerous methods, including electrospray ionisation (ESI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICRMS) and ultra‐high‐pressure liquid chromatography (uHPLC)/Orbitrap MS, in multiple ionisation and MS/MS modes. Compounds were also synthesised for comparison.RESULTSThe major ESI ionisable compounds detected (+ion mode) were C15‐28 SO3 species with 3–7 double bond equivalents (DBE) and C27‐28 SO5 species with 5 DBE. ESI‐MS/MS collision‐induced losses were due to water, methanol, water plus methanol and water plus methyl formate, typical of methyl esters of hydroxy acids. Once the fraction was re‐saponified, species originally detected by positive ion MS, could be detected only by negative ion MS, consistent with their assignment as sulphur‐containing hydroxy carboxylic acids. The free acid of a keto dibenzothiophene alkanoic acid was added to an unesterified acid extract of OSPW in known concentrations as a putative internal standard, but attempted quantification in this way proved unreliable.CONCLUSIONSThe results suggest the more polar acidic organic SO3 constituents of OSPW include C15‐28 S‐containing, alicyclic and aromatic hydroxy carboxylic acids. SO5 species are possibly sulphone analogues of these. The origin of such compounds is probably via further biotransformation (hydroxylation) of the related S‐containing carboxylic acids identified previously in a less polar OSPW fraction. The environmental risks, corrosivity and oil flow assurance effects should be easier to assess, given that partial structures are now known, although further identification is still needed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tandem mass spectrometric fragmentation behavior of lignans, flavonoids and triterpenoids in Streblus asper
Authors: Li Chen , Huang Cuiping , Lu Tailiang , Wu Liangdeng , Deng Shengping , Yang Ruiyun , Li Jun 
Published: September 2014

RATIONALEAn unambiguous identification of compounds can be achieved by comparison of known fragmentation patterns. While the literature about fragmentation mechanisms of lignans, flavonoids and triterpenoids is few. So the present study analyses the fragmentation mechanisms of these compounds isolated from Streblus asper.METHODSElectrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry (ESI‐ITMS) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization ion trap mass spectrometry (APCI‐ITMS) were used to obtain the MSn spectra of the compounds. By analyzing the differences between the ions, the fragmentation mechanisms of these compounds were explored.RESULTSOf the 29 compounds detected, 17, 7, and 5 were lignans, flavonoids and triterpenoids, respectively. The majority of lignans were found to give [M – H]– ions of sufficient abundance for MSn analyses. The flavonoids were prone to the loss of CO and H2O. The triterpenoids always lost one formic acid molecule and two hydrogens, or one H2O from [M – H]– to form the most abundant product ion in the MSn spectrum.CONCLUSIONSESI/APCI‐ITMS were demonstrated to be fast, effective and practical tools to characterize the structures of flavonoids, triterpenoids and lignans. Results of the present study can help identify the analogous constituents by analyzing their MSn spectra. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Guarding males of the hermit crab climb up algae to avoid male–male competition
Authors: Kawaminami Takuma , Goshima Seiji 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Males of the hermit crab Pagurus filholi show precopulatory guarding behavior in which a male grasps the shell of a mature female with his left cheliped before copulation. Hermit crabs were most common in rocky intertidal areas with cobbles and boulders, while many guarding pairs were observed on fronds of brown algae such as Sargassum confusum in Hakodate Bay, Japan. We examined three hypotheses explaining why the guarding pairs were most common on algae; (1) aggregation place for mature males and females to find mates, (2) avoidance of male–male combat, and (3) avoidance of predators. If solitary males and females climbed up algae, then many guarding pairs were observed after pairing, but only guarding pairs climbed up the algae after removing all crabs. Experiments in aquariums showed that the disturbance rate for guarding pairs due to male–male competition was lower on the algae than in boulder and rocky flat areas, and few disturbances were observed by predatory crabs in all habitat types. These results suggest that the guarding males climb up the fronds of algae to sequester guarded females from rival males and avoid male–male combat. This behavior could be considered as a male counter tactic against indirect female choice mediated by sex pheromones in which females release sex pheromones while guarded, attracting many rival males and inducing male–male competition.
High vanillin tolerance of an evolved Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain owing to its enhanced vanillin reduction and antioxidative capacity
Authors: Shen Yu , Li Hongxing , Wang Xinning , Zhang Xiaoran , Hou Jin , Wang Linfeng , Gao Nan , Bao Xiaoming 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The phenolic compounds present in hydrolysates pose significant challenges for the sustainable lignocellulosic materials refining industry. Three Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with high tolerance to lignocellulose hydrolysate were obtained through ethyl methanesulfonate mutation and adaptive evolution. Among them, strain EMV-8 exhibits specific tolerance to vanillin, a phenolic compound common in lignocellulose hydrolysate. The EMV-8 maintains a specific growth rate of 0.104 h−1 in 2 g L−1 vanillin, whereas the reference strain cannot grow. Physiological studies revealed that the vanillin reduction rate of EMV-8 is 1.92-fold higher than its parent strain, and the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity of EMV-8 is 15 % higher than its parent strain. Transcriptional analysis results confirmed an up-regulated oxidoreductase activity and antioxidant activity in this strain. Our results suggest that enhancing the antioxidant capacity and oxidoreductase activity could be a strategy to engineer S. cerevisiae for improved vanillin tolerance.
Anamorelin HCl (ONO‐7643), a novel ghrelin receptor agonist, for the treatment of cancer anorexia‐cachexia syndrome: preclinical profile
Authors: Pietra Claudio , Takeda Yasuhiro , Tazawa-Ogata Naoko , Minami Masashi , Yuanfeng Xia , Duus Elizabeth Manning , Northrup Robert 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundAnamorelin HCl (ANAM) is a novel, orally active, ghrelin receptor agonist in clinical development for the treatment of cancer cachexia. We report in vitro and in vivo studies evaluating the preclinical pharmacologic profile of ANAM.MethodsFluorescent imaging plate reader and binding assays in HEK293 and baby hamster kidney cells determined the agonist and antagonist activity of ANAM, and its affinity for the ghrelin receptor. Rat pituitary cells were incubated with ANAM to evaluate its effect on growth hormone (GH) release. In vivo, rats were treated with ANAM 3, 10, or 30 mg/kg, or control orally, once daily for 6 days to evaluate the effect on food intake (FI) and body weight (BW), and once to assess GH response. In pigs, single (3.5 mg/kg) or continuous (1 mg/kg/day) ANAM doses were administered to assess GH and insulin‐like growth factor (IGF‐1) response.ResultsANAM showed significant agonist and binding activity on the ghrelin receptor, and stimulated GH release in vitro. In rats, ANAM significantly and dose‐dependently increased FI and BW at all dose levels compared with control, and significantly increased GH levels at 10 or 30 mg/kg doses. Increases in GH and IGF‐1 levels were observed following ANAM administration in pigs.ConclusionANAM is a potent and highly specific ghrelin receptor agonist with significant appetite‐enhancing activity, leading to increases in FI and BW, and a stimulatory effect on GH secretion. These results support the continued investigation of ANAM as a potential treatment of cancer anorexia‐cachexia syndrome.
Brief report: The interaction of impulsivity with risk‐taking is associated with early alcohol use initiation
Authors: Hamilton Kristen R. , Felton Julia W. , Risco Cristina M. , Lejuez C.W. , MacPherson Laura 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTEarly alcohol use initiation is a well‐established risk factor for the subsequent development of alcohol abuse and dependence. Separate lines of research indicate that impulsivity and risk‐taking each are associated with early alcohol use. In this research, the association of the interaction of risk‐taking and impulsivity with early alcohol initiation was examined. Results suggest the interaction between impulsivity and risk‐taking was related to early alcohol initiation. Among children with lower levels of risk‐taking, level of impulsivity was associated with beginning to drink. By contrast, among children with higher levels of risk‐taking, level of impulsivity was not associated with the likelihood of initiating alcohol use. These findings suggest that early adolescence is a critical developmental period in which implementing an intervention to reduce impulsivity and risk‐taking may be particularly effective to prevent the early initiation of alcohol use.
Probabilistic evaluation of voltage and reactive power control methods of wind generators in distribution networks
Authors: Van Pham Hoan , Rueda Jose Luis , Erlich Istvan 
Published: September 2014

This paper presents a comprehensive approach to evaluate the effects of voltage and reactive power control methods for local and coordinated control schemes applied to wind generators (WGs) in distribution networks. Considering uncertainties related to variation of load demand, wind speed and outage of WGs, the approach employs a Monte Carlo‐based framework to ascertain the benefits and drawbacks of each scheme with respect to the resulting statistical attributes of voltage profiles, tap activity of on‐load tap changers and total active power losses. A 20 kV radial distribution network with four identical feeders, which resembles a typical case in Germany, is used for numerical tests.
Proteopathic tau seeding predicts tauopathy in vivo
Authors: Holmes Brandon B. , Furman Jennifer L. , Mahan Thomas E. , Yamasaki Tritia R. , Mirbaha Hilda , Eades William C. , Belaygorod Larisa , Cairns Nigel J. , Holtzman David M. , Diamond Marc I. 
Published: September 2014

Significance
Prion-like propagation of proteopathic seeds may underlie the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including the tauopathies and synucleinopathies. We aimed to construct a versatile and simple cell assay to sensitively and specifically detect proteopathic seeding activity. Using a combination of FRET flow cytometry and a tau monoclonal FRET biosensor cell line, we report seed detection in the femtomolar range. This assay is easily applied to human brain homogenates and selectively responds to Alzheimer's disease but not Huntington's disease brains. By comparing seeding activity in a mouse model of human tauopathy, we demonstrate detection of proteopathic seeding far in advance of standard histopathological markers. Proteopathic seeding is thus an early marker of tauopathy, consistent with a causal role for tau seeds in neurodegeneration.