bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Uncertainty of the Pre‐Exponential Factor on Kinetic Parameters of Hydrocarbon Generation from Organic Matter and its Geological Applications
Authors: Min WANG , Shuangfang LU , Haitao XUE , Zhanqing YU 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe source rock sample of the Shahejie Formation (upper Es4) in Jiyang Sag was pyrolyzed under open system with the Rock‐Eval‐II apparatus, and then kinetic model parameters were calibrated for investigating the effect of uncertainty of pro‐exponential factors on kinetic parameters and geological applications, where the parallel first‐order reaction rate model with an average pre‐exponential factor and discrete distribution activity energies was used. The results indicate that when the pre‐exponential factor changes from low to high, an extreme value for residual errors occurs. And with the increasing pre‐exponential factor, the distribution shape of activation energies are nearly the same, but the values of activation energies move higher integrally, and the average activation energy increases about 12 kJ/mol for every 10‐fold of the pre‐exponential factors. Extrapolating the geological heating rate of 3.3 °C/Ma, the results show that with the increases in pre‐exponential factor, the geological temperature corresponding to TR0.5 (transforming ratio of hydrocarbon generation is 50%) increases gradually, and the additional temperature gradually decreases. Combined with geochemical data of source rock, the kinetic parameters with different pre‐exponential factors are used to calculate the transformation ratio of hydrocarbon generation, and the result indicates that kinetic parameters corresponding to the better optimized pre‐exponential factor are more suitable. It is suggested that the risk assessment of hydrocarbon generation kinetic parameters should be enhanced when using the kinetic method to appraise the oil‐gas resources. Meantime, the application result of different kinetic parameters should be verified with geological and geochemical data of source rock in the target area; therefore, the most suitable kinetic parameters for target can be obtained.
Late‐onset Leber hereditary optic neuropathy
Authors: Pfeiffer Margaret L , Hashemi Nafiseh , Foroozan Rod , Lee Andrew G 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundWhile Leber hereditary optic neuropathy typically causes bilateral visual loss in the second through fourth decades, we highlight visual loss from Leber hereditary optic neuropathy in older patients to characterize the clinical features of this cohort.DesignRetrospective case series.ParticipantsPatients seen between January 2003 and July 2012 at Baylor College of Medicine and between April 2010 and July 2012 at The Methodist Hospital in Houston, Texas.MethodsPatients with visual loss from genetically confirmed Leber hereditary optic neuropathy were identified via retrospective chart review.Main Outcome MeasuresClinical courses of patients.ResultsFive patients with visual loss from genetically confirmed Leber hereditary optic neuropathy were greater than 60 years of age at the time of visual loss (range 62–70 years, mean 66.4 ± 3.0).ConclusionThis series reinforces the importance of including Leber hereditary optic neuropathy in the differential diagnosis of patients of any age with optic neuropathy.
A genome‐wide association study of recipient genotype and medium‐term kidney allograft function
Authors: O'Brien Robert P. , Phelan Paul J. , Conroy Judith , O'Kelly Patrick , Green Andrew , Keogan Mary , O'Neill Derek , Jennings Susan , Traynor Carol , Casey Jillian , McCormack Mark , Conroy Ronan , Chubb Anthony , Ennis Sean , Shields Denis C. , Cavalleri Gianpiero L. , Conlon Peter J. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundWe examined, through genome‐wide association studies (GWAS), the correlation between recipient genetic variation and renal function at five yr.MethodsOur cohort contained 326 Irish, first time, kidney‐only, deceased donor, transplant recipients on calcineurin inhibitors (263 had a functioning graft at five yr) between 1993 and 2002. Outcomes were creatinine at five yr and long‐term graft function.ResultsTwo variants were identified showing borderline genome‐wide significance – one on chromosome 18 (p = 4.048e‐08, rs6565887) and another on chromosome 14 (p = 7.631e‐08, rs3811321). Individually, the two SNPs explained up to 8.8% and 11.29% of five‐yr creatinine variance, respectively, while together they explained up to 17.4% of trait variance. Both variants were predictors of long‐term allograft function (p = 0.004, 70% vs 30% survival at 10 yr). The chromosome 14 variant is located in the intergenic region of the T‐Cell Receptor Alpha locus.ConclusionsUsing a genome‐wide approach, we have identified two associations with five‐yr creatinine levels in renal transplant recipients treated with calcineurin inhibitors. Independent replication is now warranted to clarify the clinical significance of these results.
Early Echocardiographic Changes After Percutaneous Implantation of the Edwards SAPIEN Transcatheter Heart Valve in the Pulmonary Position
Authors: Chowdhury Shahryar M. , Hijazi Ziyad M. , Rhodes John , Kar Saibal , Makkar Raj , Mullen Michael , Cao Qi‐Ling , King Lydia , Akin Jodi , Shirali Girish 
Published: February 2013

ObjectivesTo evaluate echocardiographic changes after SAPIEN valve implantation in the pulmonary position.BackgroundThe feasibility of the SAPIEN transcatheter pulmonary valve (TPV) has recently been demonstrated. We evaluated changes in pulmonary valve function and the right ventricle after SAPIEN TPV placement.MethodsWe evaluated echocardiograms at baseline, discharge, 1 and 6 months after TPV placement in 33 patients from 4 centers. Pulmonary insufficiency severity was graded 0–4. TPV peak and mean gradients were measured. Right ventricular (RV) size and function were quantified using routine measures derived from color, spectral, and tissue Doppler indices and two‐dimensional echocardiography.ResultsAt baseline, 94% patients demonstrated pulmonary insufficiency grade 2–4. This decreased to 12% patients at 6 months (P < 0.01). TPV peak (P < 0.01) and mean gradient (P < 0.01) decreased. RV end‐diastolic area indexed to body surface area (BSA) (P < 0.01), Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) gradient (P < 0.01), and the ratio of TR jet area to BSA (P < 0.01) decreased. Tricuspid inflow peak E:A, tissue Doppler imaging (TDI): septal E' and A', TDI: tricuspid A' improved between baseline and discharge, but trended back to baseline by 6‐month follow‐up. Tricuspid valve annulus z‐score, RV area change, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), RV dP/dt, tricuspid E:E', and TDI: tricuspid annulus E' showed no change.ConclusionImprovements in pulmonary insufficiency and stenosis, RV size, and TR gradient and severity are seen after SAPIEN TPV placement. Selected indices of RV diastolic function improve immediately after TPV implantation, but return to baseline by 6 months. RV systolic function is unchanged.
No change in viral set point or CD4 cell decline among antiretroviral treatment‐naïve, HIV‐1‐infected individuals enrolled in the Danish HIV Cohort Study in 1995–2010
Authors: Helleberg M , Kronborg G , Larsen CS , Pedersen G , Pedersen C , Obel N , Gerstoft J 
Published: February 2013

ObjectivesRecent studies have reported faster progression of HIV infection than anticipated based on results from earlier studies. The aim of the present study was to examine if the virulence of HIV‐1 infection changed in the period 1995–2010 among chronically HIV‐infected individuals in Denmark.MethodsWe included all patients registered in the Danish HIV Cohort Study, who were diagnosed in 1995–2009, had a CD4 count > 100 cells/μL at diagnosis and had at least two CD4 measurements prior to initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Changes in viral set point and rate of CD4 cell decline from enrolment until the initiation of ART by calendar year of HIV diagnosis were analysed. Time to first CD4 count < 350 cells/μL was compared among patients diagnosed in 1995–2000, 2001–2005 and 2006–2010.ResultsWe followed 1469 HIV‐infected patients for a total of 5783 person‐years. The median viral set point was 4.27 log10 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL [interquartile range (IQR) 3.58–4.73 log10 copies/mL]. The median CD4 cell decline per year was 57 cells/μL (IQR 10–139 cells/μL). In analyses adjusted for age, gender, origin, route of transmission and CD4 count at diagnosis, there were no associations between year of diagnosis and viral set point or CD4 cell decline. Time to first CD4 count < 350 cells/μL did not change in the study period [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.90 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.76–1.06) for 2001–2005 and 1.09 (95% CI 0.79–1.34) for 2006–2010 compared with 1995–2000].ConclusionsWe found no evidence of changing trends in viral set point, CD4 cell decline or time to CD4 count < 350 cells/μL during the period 1995–2010 in a cohort of chronically HIV‐infected individuals.
Retrospective study of the effect of enhanced systematic sexually transmitted infection screening, facilitated by the use of electronic patient records, in an HIV‐infected cohort
Authors: Brook G , McSorley J , Shaw A 
Published: February 2013

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to assess the impact of electronic checklists in enhancing sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening in routine HIV care.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study. In two HIV clinics, new STIs were recorded for three consecutive 12‐month periods between 2009 and 2012 in a cohort of 882 HIV‐infected patients. These three years coincided with the introduction of enhanced STI screening based on prompts within the electronic patient record (EPR) system.ResultsThe number of diagnoses and the incidence of STIs more than doubled between 2010–2011 and 2011–2012 in both men who have sex with men (MSM) [from 18 of 115 (15%) to 42 of 132 (32%), a rise in STI incidence from 15.6 to 31.8/100 person‐years; P < 0.001] and heterosexual patients [from six of 716 (0.8%) to 19 of 749 (2.5%), a rise in STI incidence from 0.8 to 2.5/100 person‐years; P < 0.005]. The rise was significant in MSM for infections with chlamydia [from seven of 115 (6%) to 14 of 132 (11%), a rise in incidence from 6.0 to 10.6/100 person‐years; P < 0.05], gonorrhoea [from five of 115 (4%) to 12 of 132 (9%), a rise in STI incidence from 4.3 to 9.1/100 person‐years; P < 0.05] and early syphilis [from four of 115 (3%) to 13 of 132 (10%), a rise in incidence from 3.5 to 9.8/100 person‐years; P < 0.001], but not for hepatitis C virus (HCV) and Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) infections. The rise was significant in heterosexual patients for infection with chlamydia [from four of 716 (0.6%) to 13 of 749 (1.7%), a rise in incidence from 0.6 to 1.7/100 person‐years; P < 0.0001] but not for gonorrhoea, syphilis or Trichomonas vaginalis (TV).ConclusionsThese data show that implementing systematic, frequent and routine STI screening led to a large increase in detected STIs in this HIV‐infected cohort. This process is greatly enhanced by the use EPRs.
Footwear contact dermatitis from dimethyl fumarate
Authors: Švecová Danka , Šimaljakova Maria , Doležalová Anna 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackground  Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an effective inhibitor of mold growth. In very low concentrations, DMF is a potent sensitizer that can cause severe allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). It has been identified as the agent responsible for furniture contact dermatitis in Europe. The aim of this study was to evaluate patients in Slovakia with footwear ACD associated with DMF, with regard to clinical manifestations, patch test results, and results of chemical analysis of their footwear.Methods  Nine patients with suspected footwear contact dermatitis underwent patch testing with the following allergens: samples of their own footwear, commercial DMF, the European baseline, shoe screening, textile and leather dye screening, and industrial biocides series. The results were recorded according to international guidelines. The content of DMF in footwear and anti‐mold sachets was analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry.Results  Acute ACD was observed in nine Caucasian female patients. All patients developed delayed sensitization, as demonstrated by positive patch testing using textile footwear lining. Seven patients were patch tested with 0.1% DMF, and all seven were positive. Chemical analysis of available footwear showed that DMF was present in very high concentrations (25–80 mg/Kg).Conclusions  Dimethyl fumarate is a new footwear allergen and was responsible for severe ACD in our patients. To avoid an increase in the number of cases, the already approved European preventive measures should be accepted and commonly employed.
Ablation of Left‐Sided Accessory Pathways with Atrial Insertion Away from the Mitral Annulus Using an Electroanatomical Mapping System
Authors: LONG DE‐YONG , DONG JIAN‐ZENG , SANG CAI‐HUA , JIANG CHEN‐XI , TANG RI‐BO , YAN QIAN , YU RONG‐HUI , LI SONG‐NAN , SALIM MOHAMED , YAO YAN , LIN TAO , NING MAN , MA CHANG‐SHENG 
Published: February 2013

Ablation of Left‐Sided Accessory Pathways with Atrial Insertion Away from the Mitral AnnulusBackgroundA left‐sided accessory pathway (AP) with atrial insertion away from the mitral annulus (MA) may result in difficulty or failed ablation along the MA. We report our initial experience of ablating this rare form of AP by a 3‐dimensional electroanatomical mapping system (CARTO).MethodsFrom January 2007 to August 2011, 29 patients with left‐sided APs who failed previous ablations in other centers were enrolled in this study. Left atrium (LA) was reconstructed during orthodromic atrioventricuar reentry tachycardias (AVRTs) or ventricle pacing by using a 3‐dimensional electroanatomical mapping system. The AP atrial insertion was defined as the earliest retrograde atrial activation and successful ablation of the AP at the site.ResultsAmong the 29 patients who had failed previous ablation, 7 patients were found to have atrial insertions away from the MA. Out of the 7 patients, atrial insertions were at the base of the LA appendage in 5 patients and at the anterior roof of LA in 2 patients. Ablation at the atrial insertion successfully abolished AP conduction. The mean distance between the atrial insertion sites and the MA was 24.9 ± 4.9 mm. No patients reported recovered AP conduction or recurrent tachycardias after at least 12‐month follow‐up.ConclusionsLeft‐sided APs may have atrial insertions away from the MA. By using the CARTO system, atrial insertions can be reliably identified and ablated.
A service review of a novel primary care specialist oral surgery referral service operating in a managed clinical network
Authors: Davies B. , Ramsey R. , Bryant D. , MacKenzie N. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimThis paper describes a newly created primary care oral surgery specialist service operating in a managed clinical network caring for the United Kingdom military population. It aims to review its outcomes and to consider the structure of the service in relation to the recommendations of the 2010 NHS sponsored ‘Review of Oral Surgery Services and Training’ by Medical Education England which made recommendations for the delivery of UK oral surgery services.Materials and methodsA retrospective audit of patient records and referral data.ResultsThis paper describes a primary care focused, specialist delivered oral surgery referral service that has demonstrated how the recommendations of this review can be successfully implemented to the benefit of patients and those that commission and resource care whilst simultaneously delivering clinical training to General Dental Practitioners in oral surgery. Furthermore it illustrates the successful implementation and integration of a managed clinical network for the delivery of oral surgery referral services from primary care general practice through primary care specialist practice to secondary care hospital services.ConclusionsThe benefits of the service include an efficient, effective and fiscally economical patient centred service with referral to treatment timings and complication rates that compare favourably to current alternatives and with the structures and processes that facilitate the achievement of quality outcomes.
Verbal hygiene in the Hong Kong gay community
Authors: JONES RODNEY H. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper explores the status and function of English among gay men in Hong Kong through the analysis of postings about English on a popular gay internet forum. The forum, gayhk.com, while mainly featuring discussions about sex, fashion, entertainment and relationships, also contains a surprising amount of discussion about the English language, mostly taking the form of what Cameron refers to as ‘verbal hygiene’ – the enforcement of language ‘standards’ through the criticism of the language use of particular individuals or groups. The analysis of these postings sees them not just as evidence of language attitudes within the gay community, but also as tools with which Chinese gay men in postcolonial Hong Kong position themselves in relation to one another, in relation to ‘foreign’ gay men, and in relation to the wider population of Hong Kong.
Black South African English on the radio
Authors: MAKALELA LEKETI 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTFor most rural communities in South Africa, community radio remains the most common mass communication channel which models English speech forms and functions. Whereas print media has received some attention in the earlier works on Black South African English (BSAE) research, the speech tokens used in the radio have not been empirically studied to date. In order to fill this gap and expand previous work on the variety, this study investigated high‐frequency features of BSAE drawn from a corpus of 209,000 words from a rural English‐medium community radio in Limpopo Province. Normalized frequency rates of syntactic, discourse and pragmatic features were calculated, using corpus quantification procedures, which were complemented by a cross‐linguistic analysis of the selected features with an upper limit of 10,000 words. The findings of the study provide evidence that BSAE has evolved alongside the nativization and endonormative phases proposed in Schneider's Dynamic Model and that both the radio usage and reliance on the logic of Bantu language substrate forms, in combination, reinforce its stabilization. Implications for future research directions are offered at the end of the paper.
Accelerating Linear System Solutions Using Randomization Techniques
Authors: Baboulin Marc , Dongarra Jack , Herrmann Julien , Tomov Stanimire 
Published: February 2013

We illustrate how linear algebra calculations can be enhanced by statistical techniques in the case of a square linear system
Ax
=
b
. We study a random transformation of
A
that enables us to avoid pivoting and then to reduce the amount of communication. Numerical experiments show that this randomization can be performed at a very affordable computational price while providing us with a satisfying accuracy when compared to partial pivoting. This random transformation called Partial Random Butterfly Transformation (PRBT) is optimized in terms of data storage and flops count. We propose a solver where PRBT and the LU factorization with no pivoting take advantage of the current hybrid multicore/GPU machines and we compare its Gflop/s performance with a solver implemented in a current parallel library.
Molecular Pathways: Extracting Medical Knowledge from High-Throughput Genomic Data
Authors: Goldstein Theodore C. , Paull Evan O. , Ellis Matthew J. , Stuart Joshua M. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
High-throughput genomic data that measures RNA expression, DNA copy number, mutation status, and protein levels provide us with insights into the molecular pathway structure of cancer. Genomic lesions (amplifications, deletions, mutations) and epigenetic modifications disrupt biochemical cellular pathways. Although the number of possible lesions is vast, different genomic alterations may result in concordant expression and pathway activities, producing common tumor subtypes that share similar phenotypic outcomes. How can these data be translated into medical knowledge that provides prognostic and predictive information? First-generation mRNA expression signatures such as Genomic Health's Oncotype DX already provide prognostic information, but do not provide therapeutic guidance beyond the current standard of care, which is often inadequate in high-risk patients. Rather than building molecular signatures based on gene expression levels, evidence is growing that signatures based on higher-level quantities such as from genetic pathways may provide important prognostic and diagnostic cues. We provide examples of how activities for molecular entities can be predicted from pathway analysis and how the composite of all such activities, referred to here as the “activitome,” helps connect genomic events to clinical factors to predict the drivers of poor outcome. Clin Cancer Res; 19(12); 3114–20. ©2013 AACR.
New one-pot synthesis of Au and Ag nanoparticles using green rust reactive particle as a micro-reactor
Authors: Ayadi Sondra , Perca Cristian , Legrand Ludovic 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
A new, simple, and fast one-pot synthesis of supported Au or Ag nanoparticles is implemented, for which a reactive Fe(II)-bearing green rust inorganic particle is used as an individual micro-reactor acting as both the reducing agent and support for the resulting metal nanoparticles. The mechanism involves both the solid-state oxidation of the green rust support (sulfate or carbonate) and the reduction-precipitation of soluble metal precursor. The resulting nanohybrids have a platy inorganic part supporting about one to ten nanoparticles with sizes in the 20 to 120 nm range.
Jumping from the surface of water by the long-legged flyHydrophorus(Diptera, Dolichopodidae)
Authors: Burrows Malcolm 
Published: February 2013

SummaryThe fly, Hydrophorus that is 4 mm long and has a mass of 4.7 mg moves around upon and jumps from water without its tarsi penetrating the surface. All 6 tarsi have a surface area of 1.3 mm-2 in contact with the water but did not dimple its surface when standing. Jumping was propelled by depression of the trochantera and extension of the tibiae of both hind and middle legs which are 40% longer than the front legs and 170% longer than the body. As these four legs progressively propelled the insect to take-off, they each created dimples on the water surface that expanded in depth and area. No dimples were associated with the front legs, which were not moved in a consistent sequence. The wings opened while the legs were moving and then flapped at a frequency of 148 Hz. The body was accelerated in a mean time of 21 ms to a mean take-off velocity of 0.7 m s-1. The best jumps reached velocities of 1.6 m s-1, required an energy output of 7 µJ and a power output of 0.6 mW, with the fly experiencing a force of 140 g. The required power output indicates that direct muscle contractions could propel the jump without the need for elaborate mechanisms for energy storage. Take-off trajectories were steep with a mean of 87 degrees to the horizontal. Take-off velocity fell if a propulsive tarsus penetrated the surface of the water. If more tarsi became submerged, take-off was not successful. A second strategy for take-off was powered only by the wings and was associated with slower (1 degree ms-1 compared with 10 degrees ms-1 when jumping) and less extensive movements of the propulsive joints of the middle and hind legs. No dimples were then created on the surface of the water. When jumping was combined with wing flapping, the acceleration time to take-off was reduced by 84 % and the take-off velocity was increased by 168 %. Jumping can potentially therefore enhance survival when threatened by a potential predator.