bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The mechanical and corrosion resistance properties of Ti/TiN multi-layer films produced by physical vapor deposition
Authors: Dong Meiling , Cui Xiufang , Jin Guo , Wang Haidou , Zhu Lina , Liu Jinna 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The aim of the present paper is to investigate the mechanical performance of multi-layer films. With the wide application of optic and electronic thin-films, membrane materials and membrane technology have become one of the most active fields of research in contemporary materials science (Dumont et al., 1997). Multi-layer films have evolved as candidates for these applications because of their unique properties. TiN and Ti/TiN multi-layer films were fabricated using the DC magnetron sputtering method. A nano-indentation tester and electronic film distribution tester were utilized to evaluate the mechanical properties and residual stress of the films. The existence of interface effects on the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the films were analyzed.

Design/methodology/approach
– In this study, the Ti/TiN multi-layer films were fabricated using the DC magnetron sputtering method. The films were deposited on polished 45# steels. Ti was used as the sputtering target. Ar and N2 were applied as working and reactive gases, respectively. Surface morphology was measured using transmission electron microscopy. The composition was analyzed using D8 X-ray diffraction. Nano-indentation tests were performed using Nanoindenter G200 with a Berkovich indenter. A BGS 6341 electronic film stress distribution tester was used to measure the distribution of stress in the films.

Findings
– The film surface was very smooth and the structure was very dense. The elastic modulus and micro-hardness of Ti/TiN multi-layer films were smaller, compared to those of the TiN film. Furthermore, both of these parameters initially decreased and later increased, with a decrease in the modulation period. The residual stress in the film was compressive. The corrosion resistance properties of TiN films were the best in NaCl solution, less so in alkaline solution and worst in acid solution. For the Ti/TiN multi-layer films tested in an acid medium, the corrosion resistance performance was better when the modulation period was decreased to micron grade under exposure conditions at ambient temperature.

Originality/value
– In the present paper, the Ti/TiN multi-layer films were fabricated using PVD with different variations, and the influence on the performance of Ti/TiN multi-layer films due to each single layer period of TiN was studied. The findings should provide useful guidelines for the preparation of high quality Ti/TiN multi-layer thin films.
The effect of microstructure and the related bio-corrosion behavior of AZ91D Mg alloy in SBF artificial body fluid
Authors: Junwei Liu , Shiqiang Lu , Jianbao Hou , Zipeng Ouyang , Mingliang Ren 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The effect of SBF artificial body fluid on microstructure and morphology characteristics of AZ91D alloy was investigated using OM, SEM and XRD. The effect of corrosion on mechanical properties also was researched.

Design/methodology/approach
– The results show that the corrosion weight loss rate initially increased, then clearly decreased, and finally remained steady. Pits began to appear when the sample was placed in a corrosive environment for five days and pitting gradually increased with longer exposure time.

Findings
– The pits, which made the grain boundaries indistinct, first appeared near the grain boundary area and then gradually increased in area.

Originality/value
– The main mode of corrosion is pitting and the primary corrosion product, MgOH2, could be observed after five days of corrosion.
In ads we trust. Religiousness as a predictor of advertising trustworthiness and avoidance
Authors: Ketelaar Paul Edwin , Konig Ruben , Smit Edith G. , Thorbjørnsen Helge 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to provide insight into the relationship between religiousness, trust in advertising and advertisement avoidance.

Design/methodology/approach
– A survey of 4,984 participants from the USA, the UK, Germany, Spain and France was conducted.

Findings
– This paper shows that religiousness is a (negative) predictor of avoidance of advertisements in traditional and digital media and that advertisement trustworthiness mediates this effect. Higher perceived trustworthiness of advertising among the more religious people leads to less advertisement avoidance. Less religious people trust advertising less and, consequently, show higher advertisement avoidance. The role of religiousness is explained by a positive relationship between religiousness and perceived advertisement trustworthiness because of religious people’s general conformity to authority and because of religion’s emphasis on the good of fellow human beings.

Research limitations/implications
– One limitation is that response bias may have occurred because of the self-reported data on advertisement avoidance in different media. Another limitation is that though the use of existing panels has advantages, it also has disadvantages. Two such disadvantages of the sampling procedure are the considerable non-responses and the impossibility of a non-response analysis for our study. Although all the respondents had Internet access and responded fairly quickly to the survey, we do not know whether they are special in any systematic way.

Practical implications
– The implication of the current paper is that advertisers might also benefit from more closely examining religion and religiousness as a key variable for segmentation. Religiousness constitutes a relatively stable society grouping, and media vehicles also are available for targeting people with different religions within societies (e.g. Websites, social media, magazines, television channels).

Originality/value
– This paper is the first to examine the relationship between religiousness, trust in advertising and advertisement avoidance from an international perspective. This is important because religiousness may have an impact on marketing communication efforts.
The social network implications of prestigious goods among young adults: evaluating the self vs others
Authors: Lee Seung Hwan , Luster Sean 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to investigate the paradox of whether prestigious goods help or inhibit a consumer’s social affinity. The goal of this research is to explore whether pursuit of prestigious goods increases consumers’ social affinity or decreases their social affinity, and, more importantly, to understand the mechanisms that drive this process.

Design/methodology/approach
– Three laboratory experimental studies and a social network study are conducted to show that consumers hold inconsistent beliefs about the social implication of prestigious goods.

Findings
– In Study 1, the authors showed that prestigious goods evoked stronger social affinity for the self than for the other. In Study 2, the authors showed that people evaluated themselves high in social affinity when they brought a prestigious wine to a party compared to when they brought a cheaper, generic wine, but evaluated others low in social affinity when they brought the same prestigious wine. In Study 3, the authors showed the mediating effects of social image and boastfulness on social affinity. Study 4 utilizes social network study to further validate previous findings in a field setting.

Practical implications
– For high-end retailers, the authors suggest framing their promotional messages to explicitly highlight how owning prestigious goods will benefit them (i.e. social image). It is important that these retail managers (and salespeople alike) make it more salient on how their prestigious goods socially benefit the consumer (the self). Thus, it is important to get consumers to think about how a prestigious item looks on them and not on others. However, marketers must be prudent when constructing these messages, as the link between prestigious consumption and network development is merely perceptual.

Originality/value
– The findings demonstrate that consuming prestigious goods increases social affinity via positive social image for the self. When evaluating others, the authors demonstrate that consuming prestigious goods decreases social affinity via boastfulness. In sum, owning prestigious items may seem beneficial socially to the self, but people have negative perceptions (boastfulness) of those who own the same prestigious goods. Hence, there seems to be a discrepancy in how the authors evaluate themselves versus how they evaluate others with the same prestigious goods.
Effects of intuitive judgments on consumer assortment evaluations
Authors: Piris Yolande , Guibert Nathalie 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to apply intuition theory to clarify consumers’ assortment evaluations. For each decision process, this paper explores how perceptions of organization and variety influence consumers’ attitudes and purchase intentions.

Design/methodology/approach
– In total, 504 observations were collected across three product categories. Perceived choice, time and expertise in the product category provide proxies to distinguish between intuitive and deliberative systems. The intuitive system further consists of intuition based on either expertise or heuristics.

Findings
– It was revealed that distinct decision processes (deliberative, intuitive based on expertise and intuitive based on heuristics) affect the link between assortment perceptions and consumers’ assortment evaluations. Consumers’ evaluations in deliberative- and heuristic-based intuitive systems rely more on perceptions of organization than of variety; whereas intuitive judgments based on expertise depend almost equally on both perceptions.

Research limitations/implications
– Some limitations have to be underlined. The approximations used could be more precise and are subjective in nature. Moreover, the ordinary product categories that were studied might encourage more intuitive decisions by consumers. If so, the deliberative mode of thinking might have been underrepresented in this sample.

Originality/value
– Despite the limitations, this research is, to our knowledge, the first to explore the influence of intuition theory on ordinary shopping and in particular on assortment perception. As such, it contributes to a deeper understanding of this theory in the field.
SEC issues Staff Legal Bulletin after four-year comprehensive review of proxy system
Authors: Sorkin John E. , Bomba Abigail Pickering , Epstein Steven , Forbes Jessica , Golden Peter S. , Richter Philip , Schwenkel Robert C. , Shine David , Fleischer Arthur , Weinstein Gail 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– To provide an overview of the guidance for proxy firms and investment advisers included in the Staff Legal Bulletin released this year by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) after its four-year comprehensive review of the proxy system.

Design/methodology/approach
– Discusses briefly the context in which the SEC’s review was conducted; the general themes of the guidance provided; the most notable aspects of the guidance; and the matters that were expected to be, but were not, addressed by the SEC.

Findings
– The guidance does not go as far in regulating proxy advisory firms as many had anticipated it would. The key obligations specified in the guidance are imposed on the investment advisers who engage the proxy firms. The responsibilities, policies and procedures mandated do not change the fundamental paradigm that has supported the influence of proxy firms – that is, investment advisers continue to be permitted to fulfill their duty to vote client shares in a “conflict-free manner” by voting based on the recommendations of independent third parties, and continue to be exempted from the rules that generally apply to persons who solicit votes or make proxy recommendations.

Practical implications
– The SEC staff states in the Bulletin that it expects that proxy firms and investment advisers will conform to the obligations imposed in the Bulletin “promptly, but in any event in advance of [the 2015] proxy season.”

Originality/value
– Practical guidance from experienced M&A lawyers.
SEC touts whistleblower award to a compliance professional – use care in responding to reports of potential violations
Authors: Srere Mark , Buchanan Mary Beth , Koch Elaine , Mammen Jennifer , Johnson Tyson A. 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– To highlight the first award granted under the US Securities and Exchange Commission Whistleblower Program to a compliance professional.

Design/methodology/approach
– Explains the first award issued to a compliance professional under the SEC’s Whistleblower program and the rules for issuing such an award.

Findings
– The SEC has emphasized this award to a compliance professional, noting that individuals performing compliance, audit, and legal functions are on the front lines against fraud and corruption and are often privy to the very kinds of specific, timely, and credible information that can prevent an imminent fraud or stop an ongoing fraud. The SEC’s specific courting of compliance and audit personnel makes it even more important for companies to pay particular attention to complaints raised by those individuals.

Practical implications
– Companies should continue to take steps to ensure that they have vigorous compliance programs in place to detect potential issues and to respond immediately and effectively to internally reported information.

Originality/value
– Practical guidance from experienced regulatory and employment lawyers.
US SEC approves sweeping amendments to rules governing money market funds
Authors: Murphy Jack , Cohen Stephen , Carroll Brenden , Smith Aline A. , Virag Matthew , Goldberg Justin 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– To explain the background and details and to discuss the implications of the USA Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC’s) July 23, 2014 amendments to Rule 2a-7 and other rules that govern money market funds under the Investment Company Act of 1940.

Design/methodology/approach
– Explains the background, including problems during the financial crisis, the USA Treasury’s temporary guarantee program in 2008, earlier SEC proposals, and the USA Financial Stability Oversight Council’s recommendations. Details the amendments to Rule 2a-7, including the authorization to impose liquidity fees and redemption gates, the floating net asset value (NAV) requirement, the impact of the amendments on unregistered money funds operating under Rule 12d1-1, guidance on fund valuation methods, disclosure requirements, requirements for money fund portfolios to be diversified as to issuers of securities and guarantors, stress testing requirements, and compliance dates.

Findings
– The Amendments set forth sweeping changes to money fund regulation and will have a profound effect on the money fund industry. Although the most significant provisions of the Amendments – the floating NAV requirement and the imposition of liquidity fees and redemption gates – will not go into effect for two years, the changes to the industry will be apparent almost immediately.

Practical implications
– Money fund managers and boards of directors should begin assessing the potential impact of the Amendments and develop a schedule to come into compliance.

Originality/value
– Practical guidance from experienced financial services lawyers.
Recent civil and criminal enforcement action involving high frequency trading
Authors: Rossi Matthew , Deis Greg , Roche Jerome , Przywara Kathleen 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– To alert high frequency trading firms to the increased regulation and prosecution of manipulative trading practices during 2014 and early 2015.

Design/methodology/approach
– Reviews four significant proceedings against high frequency trading firms (and/or individuals employed by such firms) and other developments from the relevant government agencies as a possible preview of the enforcement and prosecution of high frequency trading practices in 2015. Provides advice to high frequency trading firms on how to decrease the risk of regulatory or criminal actions against them in this changing environment.

Findings
– Although the focus on high frequency trading has only recently begun to intensify, firms should be aware of the increased enforcement activity of the past year. These actions, both regulatory and criminal, have already resulted in large penalties and have helped initiate a strengthening of rules and regulations regarding manipulative trading practices, of which firms need to be aware and stay current.

Practical implications
– High frequency trading firms should be aware of the recent regulatory and criminal actions in order to better evaluate their own practices and controls, to ensure that their trading patterns do not resemble manipulative practices, and to avoid similar actions.

Originality/value
– Practical guidance from experienced litigators and securities regulatory lawyers, including a former SEC Assistant Chief Litigation Counsel and a former federal prosecutor, that consolidates and describes several recent actions and developments in one piece.
A phenomenology of occupation‐based hand therapy
Authors: Colaianni Donna J. , Provident Ingrid , DiBartola Leesa M. , Wheeler Steven 
Published: May 2015

Background/aimThe existing tension between holistic, occupation focused approaches and the medical model in occupational therapy is most evident in the area of hand therapy. Occupation‐based hand therapy has been proposed as a means to alleviate this tension. However, there is a lack of research on occupation‐based hand therapy. Clearly describing and defining what constitutes occupation‐based hand therapy can facilitate efficacy research and help promote occupation‐based practice in keeping with the philosophy of the profession.MethodsThe qualitative approach of phenomenology as described by Moustakas was used. Participants who were occupational therapists with more than 5 years of experience who self ‐identified as occupation‐based practitioners were recruited to the point of saturation using criterion and chain sampling for a final total of 10 participants. Data were collected through audio recorded telephone interviews and electronic mail. The data were reduced and distilled into a description of the experience of providing occupation‐based hand therapy.ResultsParticipants described the experience of providing occupation‐based hand therapy around the concepts of influences, psychosocial benefits, procedural elements of practice and challenges.ConclusionFindings of this study can assist occupational therapists to develop a more occupation‐based intervention program through focusing on occupation‐based theory, being intentional, using occupation‐focused interventions and building an occupation focused context. Findings can also inform future research into the efficacy of occupation‐based hand therapy, appropriate timing for balancing occupation with tissue protection, and the effects of therapist experience on their ability to use an occupation‐based approach in hand therapy.
Recent Trends in the Size and the Distribution of Inherited Wealth in the UK
Authors: Karagiannaki Eleni 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we use HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) estate statistics and micro data from four UK household surveys to examine changes in the size, the composition and the distribution of inherited wealth in the UK over the period 1985−2010. Our findings indicate that the period under examination is characterised by a substantial increase in the flow of inheritance. This increase, which was particularly marked in the early 2000s, was mainly driven by an increase in housing inheritance, which in turn reflected the rise in house prices and, to a lesser extent, the increase in the proportion of inheritances that included housing assets. The distribution of inheritance amongst recipients became more unequal over this period. However, the inequality‐increasing effect from the greater dispersion in the distribution of inheritance was counterbalanced by the increase in the percentage of the population who received an inheritance, resulting in a small decrease in the inequality of inheritance for the population overall. Analysis of the distribution of inheritance by socio‐economic status suggests a positive association between inheritance and socio‐economic status, with some evidence suggesting that this association might have strengthened over time. Overall, however, the value of inheritance for most people is rather small and the differences across groups rather moderate.
Can the critically ill consent to participation in commercial television programmes? An Australian prehospital and emergency medicine perspective
Authors: Mackenney Jonathan N 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe fly‐on‐the‐wall medical documentary is a popular television phenomenon. When patients can give appropriate consent to filming, the final product can be both educational for the public and rewarding for its subjects. However, in the dynamic world of emergency and prehospital medicine, consenting critically ill patients before filming is a significant challenge. The main barriers to gaining valid consent in the field and in the ED are limited time to inform the patient and the diminished capacity of the sick patient. Although there is an argument that involvement in a commercial film might be beneficial to several parties, including the patient, these benefits do not amount to therapeutic necessity if prior consent is not obtainable. Despite this, we still see acutely incapacitated patients featured in some television programmes. In these cases, the conventional process of consent might be being sidestepped in order to obtain permission for broadcast retrospectively. This alternative process fails to recognise that incapacitated patients require protection from an invasion of privacy that occurs when a crew is filming their resuscitations. This harm has already occurred by the time consent is sought. Ultimate responsibility for defending the patients' interests during their medical treatment rests with the medical practitioner. We argue that filming a patient without prior consent in both the prehospital and emergency environment is ethically unsound: it threatens trust in the healthcare relationship and might compromise the patient's dignity and privacy. Robust guidelines should be developed for all healthcare professionals who engage with commercial film crews.