bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and morphological, thermal, and physicomechanical properties of polypropylene‐potato peel biocomposites
Authors: Sugumaran Vatsala , Vimal Kakkarakkal Kottiyath , Kapur Gurpreet Singh , Narula Anudeep Kumar 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTPotato peel powder (POPL), which is biodegradable, has been used as filler material in polypropylene (PP) matrix in varying concentration from 10 to 40% by weight to prepare biocomposites and investigated water absorption, physicomechanical and thermal properties. Scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction has been used for morphological characterization and crystallization studies. Flexural modulus of biocomposites increased by 40% compared with neat PP at 30% loading of POPL. Flexural strength also increased with increasing filler loading. Tensile strength of biocomposites has been observed to be comparable with neat PP up to 20% filler loading and increase in tensile modulus up to 40% was seen in biocomposites with 20% filler loading. Impact strength of biocomposites up to 20% filler loading was found to be at par with neat PP. Use of MA‐g‐PP compatibilizer in the biocomposites yielded better physico‐mechanical and thermal properties than biocomposites without compatibilizer. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42445.
How Can We Strengthen Governance of Non‐communicable Diseases in Pacific Island Countries and Territories?
Authors: Magnusson Roger S. , Patterson David 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPacific island countries and territories (PICTs) are some of the most geographically isolated in the world. Most have small populations and economies. In addition to the economic challenges that they face because of isolation and size are the risks of climate disaster and the challenge of non‐communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes and tobacco‐related diseases. This article builds on knowledge about the key features that characterise effective national responses to NCDs, as embodied in the World Health Organization's Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases 2013–2020. It seeks to identify some promising strategies for strengthening the governance and law reform processes that will be required to enhance the capacity of small island states to reduce NCD risks in their populations.
Is the fracto‐mechanoluminescence of ZnS:Mn phosphor dominated by charged dislocation mechanism or piezoelectrification mechanism?
Authors: Chandra B. P. , Chandra V. K. , Jha Piyush , Pateria Deepti , Baghel R. N. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMathematical approaches made for both the charged dislocation model and piezoelectrically induced electron bombardment model of fracto‐mechanoluminescence (FML), the luminescence induced by fracture of solids, in ZnS:Mn phosphor indicate that the piezoelectrically induced electron bombardment model provides a dominating process for the FML of ZnS phosphors. The concentration of 3000 ppm Mn2+ is optimal for ML intensity of ZnS:Mn phosphor. The decay time of ML gives the relaxation time of the piston used to deform the sample and the time tm of maximum of ML is controlled by both the relaxation time of the piston and decay time of charges on the newly created surfaces of crystals. As the product of the velocity of dislocations and pinning time of dislocations gives the mean free path of a moving dislocation. Both factors play an important role in the ML excitation of impurity doped II–VI semiconductors. The linear increase of total ML intensity IT with the impact velocity indicates that the damage increases linearly with impact velocity of the load. Thus, the ML measurement can be used remotely to monitor the real‐time damage in the structures, and therefore, the ML of ZnS:Mn phosphor has also the potential for a structural health monitoring system. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Liver sinusoid on a chip: Long‐term layered co‐culture of primary rat hepatocytes and endothelial cells in microfluidic platforms
Authors: Kang Young Bok (Abraham) , Sodunke Temitope R. , Lamontagne Jason , Cirillo Joseph , Rajiv Caroline , Bouchard Michael J. , Noh Moses 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTWe describe the generation of microfluidic platforms for the co‐culture of primary hepatocytes and endothelial cells; these platforms mimic the architecture of a liver sinusoid. This paper describes a progressional study of creating such a liver sinusoid on a chip system. Primary rat hepatocytes (PRHs) were co‐cultured with primary or established endothelial cells in layers in single and dual microchannel configurations with or without continuous perfusion. Cell viability and maintenance of hepatocyte functions were monitored and compared for diverse experimental conditions. When primary rat hepatocytes were co‐cultured with immortalized bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) in a dual microchannel with continuous perfusion, hepatocytes maintained their normal morphology and continued to produce urea for at least 30 days. In order to demonstrate the utility of our microfluidic liver sinusoid platform, we also performed an analysis of viral replication for the hepatotropic hepatitis B virus (HBV). HBV replication, as measured by the presence of cell‐secreted HBV DNA, was successfully detected. We believe that our liver model closely mimics the in vivo liver sinusoid and supports long‐term primary liver cell culture. This liver model could be extended to diverse liver biology studies and liver‐related disease research such as drug induced liver toxicology, cancer research, and analysis of pathological effects and replication strategies of various hepatotropic infectious agents. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 2571–2582. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Family history and outcome of young patients with breast cancer in the UK (POSH study)
Authors: Eccles B K , Copson E R , Cutress R I , Maishman T , Altman D G , Simmonds P , Gerty S M , Durcan L , Stanton L , Eccles D M , Eccles D , Simmonds P , Altman D G , Pharoah P , Warren R , Gilbert F , Jones L , Eeles R , Evans D G R , Hanby A , Thompson A , Hodgson S , Hammad H , Lakhani S 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

Background
Young patients presenting to surgical clinics with breast cancer are usually aware of their family history and frequently believe that a positive family history may adversely affect their prognosis. Tumour pathology and outcomes were compared in young British patients with breast cancer with and without a family history of breast cancer.

Methods
Prospective Outcomes in Sporadic versus Hereditary breast cancer (POSH) is a large prospective cohort study of women aged less than 41 years with breast cancer diagnosed and treated in the UK using modern oncological management. Personal characteristics, tumour pathology, treatment and family history of breast/ovarian cancer were recorded. Follow-up data were collected annually.

Results
Family history data were available for 2850 patients. No family history was reported by 65·9 per cent, and 34·1 per cent reported breast/ovarian cancer in at least one first- or second-degree relative. Patients with a family history were more likely to have grade 3 tumours (63·3 versus 58·9 per cent) and less likely to have human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive tumours (24·7 versus 28·8 per cent) than those with no family history. In multivariable analyses, there were no significant differences in distant disease-free intervals for patients with versus those without a family history, either for the whole cohort (hazard ratio (HR) 0·89, 95 per cent c.i. 0·76 to 1·03; P = 0·120) or when stratified by oestrogen receptor (ER) status (ER-negative: HR 0·80, 0·62 to 1·04, P = 0·101; ER-positive: HR 0·95, 0·78 to 1·15, P = 0·589).

Conclusion
Young British patients presenting to breast surgical clinics with a positive family history can be reassured that this is not a significant independent risk factor for breast cancer outcome.
Identification of chemical constituents and rat metabolites of Kangxianling granule by HPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS
Authors: Zheng Lu , Fang Lianxiang , Cong Haijian , Xiang Ting , Xue Ming , Yao Zhongqing , Wu Bin , Lin Wenhui 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass tandem mass spectrometry method was established to characterize the chemical constituents of Kangxianling granule (KXL), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, and the metabolic profile in rat urine and plasma after oral administration of KXL. A total of 27 compounds in KXL extract and 13 prototype compounds with 12 metabolites in rat urine and plasma were identified. Among the 27 detected compounds, 15 were identified by comparing the retention time and MS data with that of reference compounds and the other 12 compounds were tentatively assigned based on the MS data and reference literature. The main prototype components absorbed in rat were amygdalin, salvianolic acid B, tanshinones and anthraquinones. Hydroxylation, glucuronidation and sulfation were the principal metabolic pathways in rat. The results revealed that the 25 compounds identified in rat urine and plasma were the potential active ingredients of KXL, which provides helpful chemical information for further study of the pharmacology mechanism of KXL. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Data mining on vast data sets as a cluster system benchmark
Authors: Heinecke Alexander , Karlstetter Roman , Pflüger Dirk , Bungartz Hans‐Joachim 
Published: May 2015

SummaryComparing different (accelerated) cluster architectures by a single application is a tough piece of work because this application has to be optimized with respect to platform‐dependent features. In this work, we demonstrate such an optimization for a data mining algorithm which solves regression and classification problems on vast data sets. Our technique is based on least squares regression, and its major component is the iterative matrix‐free solution of a linear system of equations. By processing data sets ranging from several hundreds of thousands instances to multi‐million data points in strong‐scaling and weak‐scaling settings, we are able to estimate the amount of parallelism needed to unleash the performance of classic CPU‐based machines and clusters employing Intel Xeon Phi coprocessors and NVIDIA Kepler GPUs. Only in strong‐scaling experiments, GPUs and coprocessors suffer from their tremendous amount of needed parallelism and get outperformed by dual socket Intel Sandy Bridge nodes at large scale (more than 64 nodes/accelerators). However, in weak‐scaling scenarios, a speed‐up larger than 2X over an entire CPU node can be achieved by a single accelerator. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The GenApp framework integrated with Airavata for managed compute resource submissions
Authors: Brookes Emre H. , Anjum Nadeem , Curtis Joseph E. , Marru Suresh , Singh Raminder , Pierce Marlon 
Published: May 2015

SummaryA new framework (GenApp) for rapid generation of scientific applications running on a variety of systems including science gateways has recently been developed. This framework currently builds a GUI and/or web‐based user interface for a variety of target environments on a collection of executable modules. The method for execution of modules has limited framework restrictions: primarily the requirement of wrapping the application to accept input and output formatted in JavaScript Object Notation (JSON). Initial implementation supports direct execution on a user's workstation, a web server, or a compute resource accessible from the web server. After a successful initial workshop utilizing the framework to create a web‐based user interface wrapping a scientific software suite, it was discovered that long‐running jobs would sometimes fail, because of the loss of a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) connection. This precipitated an improvement to the execution method with the bonus of easily allowing multiple web clients to attach to the running job. To support a diversity of queue managed compute resources, a Google ‘Summer of Code’ project was completed to integrate the Apache Airavata middleware as an additional execution model within the GenApp framework. New features of file management, job management with progress, and message box support are described. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, 2015.© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
IMP Science Gateway: from the Portal to the Hub of Virtual Experimental Labs in e‐Science and Multiscale Courses in e‐Learning
Authors: Gordienko Yuri , Bekenov Lev , Baskova Olexandra , Gatsenko Olexandr , Zasimchuk Elena , Stirenko Sergii 
Published: May 2015

Summary‘Science gateway’ (SG) ideology means a user‐friendly intuitive interface between scientists (or scientific communities) and different software components + various distributed computing infrastructures (DCIs), where researchers can focus on their scientific goals and less on the peculiarities of software/DCI. G.V.Kurdyumov Institute for Metal Physics ‘IMP Science Gateway Portal’ (http://scigate.imp.kiev.ua) is presented for complex workflow management and integration of distributed computing resources (like clusters, service grids, desktop grids, and clouds). It is created on the basis of Web Service – Parallel Grid Run‐time and Application Development Environment (WS‐PGRADE) and gUSE (grid and cloud User Support Environment) technologies, where WS‐PGRADE is designed for science workflow operation and gUSE — for smooth integration of available resources for parallel and distributed computing in various heterogeneous DCIs. Some use cases (scientific workflows) are considered for molecular dynamics simulations of complex behavior of various nanostructures. The modular approach allows scientists to use SG portals as research hubs of various virtual experimental labs in the context of practical applications in material science, physics, and nanotechnologies. In addition, workflows and their components are proposed to be used as Lego‐style construction units for learning modules of various scale by duration, complexity, targeted audience, and so on. These workflows can be used also in e‐Learning infrastructures as constituent elements of learning hubs for the management of learning content, tools, resources, and users in the regular, vocational, lifelong, and informal learning. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Building a medical research cloud in the EASI‐CLOUDS project
Authors: Wu Jie , Narayanan Krishnaprasad , Nagel Lars , Fiehe Christoph , Litvina Anna , Tonn Jakob , Zoth Carsten , Goltz Hans‐Joachim , Unger Steffen , Pursche Fabian , Scheel Michael , Brinkmann Andre , Thronicke Wolfgang 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThe demand for Information Technology (IT) resources is constantly growing in the scientific area. The ability to store and process increasing amounts of data has transformed many research disciplines like the life sciences, which now rely on complex data processing and data analytics. Cloud computing can provide researchers with scalable and easy‐to‐use hardware and software resources and allows on‐demand access to services, tools, or even complete work environments.The European research project EASI‐CLOUDS has developed a service delivery platform with special regard to service integration, monitoring and management, and the negotiation of service level agreements. In order to demonstrate the capabilities of the platform, a medical‐use case was devised and implemented in close partnership with the Charité University Hospital that has a high demand for computing resources, especially in the field of magnetic resonance imaging‐related diagnostics of brain diseases. This use case can serve as a blueprint for the development of cloud‐based services for medical research. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mobile application development exploiting science gateway technologies
Authors: Vitello Fabio , Sciacca Eva , Becciani Ugo , Costa Alessandro , Massimino Piero , Takács Éva , Szakál Balázs 
Published: May 2015

SummaryNowadays, collaborative applications are valuable tools for scientists to share their studies and experiences, for example, by interacting simultaneously with their data and outcomes giving feedback to other colleagues on how the data are processed. This paper presents a mobile application connected to a workflow‐enabled framework to perform visualization and data analysis of large‐scale, multi‐dimensional datasets on distributed computing infrastructures. In particular, the usage of workflow‐driven applications, through science gateway technologies, allows the scientist to share heavy data exploration tasks as workflows and the relative results in a transparent and user‐friendly way. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Designing a novel linear‐time graph kernel for semantic link network
Authors: Peng Li , Zhang Zhiying , Huang Qiaoli , Huang Zhixing , Zhuge Hai 
Published: May 2015

SummaryGraph is an efficient tool for representing structured data such as proteins, molecular compounds, and social networks. Graph kernel is a technique to measure the similarity between graphs. However, existing graph kernels still have several limitations: (1) semantics on link is ignored; (2) node is associated with single label; (3) most graph kernels require more than cubic time, which is still computationally expensive; and, (4) there is seldom consideration of handling the graph comparison when the number of node types becomes huge. In this paper, we utilize semantic link network (SLN) to represent complex structured data with richer semantic information. Topic model is employed for dimension reduction and tagging each node with multiple labels. And a novel linear‐time graph kernel for SLN is designed to calculate the similarity between two SLNs. This work remedies the limitations of the conventional graph kernels. The effectiveness and efficiency of this approach are evaluated by the document classification task on public corpora. Empirical results demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve better performance than the traditional topic model‐based classification approach. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploiting Large‐Pore Metal–Organic Frameworks for Separations through Entropic Molecular Mechanisms
Authors: Torres‐Knoop Ariana , Dubbeldam David 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe review the molecular mechanisms behind adsorption and the separations of mixtures in metal–organic frameworks and zeolites. Separation mechanisms can be based on differences in the affinity of the adsorbate with the framework and on entropic effects. To develop next‐generation adsorbents, the separation efficiency of the materials needs to be improved. The performance under industrially relevant conditions largely depends on two factors: 1) the separation selectivity and 2) the pore volume capacity of the material. Enthalpic mechanisms can lead to increased selectivities, but these are mostly restricted to the low loading regime, and hence these mechanisms are unable to make use of all of the large‐pore volume that a metal–organic framework can provide. Industrial processes routinely operate in the pore saturation regime. In this Review, we focus on entropic molecular separation mechanisms that are effective under these conditions and, in particular, on a recent methodology to obtain high selectivities at high pore loading.
Design of efficient QCA multiplexers
Authors: Cocorullo G. , Corsonello P. , Frustaci F. , Perri S. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryA new methodology to realize efficient multiplexers using quantum‐dot cellular automata (QCA) is presented in this paper. The novel designs here demonstrated fully exploit the intrinsic logic capabilities of the basic building block in the QCA domain: the Majority Gate. An efficient logic formulation is derived for the 4:1 multiplexing function that can be recursively applied to the realization of multiplexers with any fan‐in, by adding in the worst‐case path only one level of Majority Gate for each input doubling. A 16:1 multiplexer designed by applying the proposed recursive approach requires less than 1600 cells and consumes only 12 clock phases to complete the operation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ethnic disparity in the clinical characteristics of patients with heart failure
Authors: Gotsman Israel , Avishai‐Eliner Sarit , Jabara Refat , Zemora Zehava , Shauer Ayelet , Lotan Chaim , Keren Andre 
Published: May 2015

AimsThe characteristics of heart failure (HF) patients of different ethnic backgrounds in Israel are unknown. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of Arab vs. Jewish patients with chronic HF.Methods and resultsPatients with a diagnosis of HF at a health maintenance organization in Jerusalem, Israel were evaluated. All patients were followed for cardiac‐related hospitalizations and death. The study cohort included 6773 HF patients; 4991 (74%) were Jewish and 1735 (26%) were Arab. The overall prevalence of HF in the Jewish vs. Arab population was similar (women, 4.3% vs. 4.7%, respectively, P = 0.06; men, 5.3% vs. 5.2%, P = 0.61). The prevalence of HF was significantly higher in Arab subjects of younger age groups (50–70 years). Arabs developed HF on average 10 years earlier and had a significantly higher rate of diabetes and obesity. Standard of care based on prescribed medications was similar between the ethnic groups. Glucose and cholesterol levels were higher in the Arab cohort. Mortality was similar between the groups at median follow‐up (576 days), with the exception of cardiovascular hospitalizations and death that were higher in Arab men.ConclusionsArab subjects develop HF at a much younger age compared with their Jewish counterparts and have a higher prevalence of diabetes and obesity. Standard of care and clinical outcome are comparable. Implementation of prevention programmes to reduce risk factors, particularly diabetes and obesity, may help reduce the disparity between Arabs and Jews.
Export of fine particulate organic carbon from redwood‐dominated catchments
Authors: Madej Mary Ann 
Published: May 2015

AbstractRecently, researchers have recognized the significant role of small mountainous river systems in the transport of carbon from terrestrial environments to the ocean, and the scale of such studies have ranged from channel bed units to continents. In temperate zones, these mountain river systems commonly drain catchments that are largely forested. However, the magnitude of carbon export from rivers draining old‐growth redwood forests has not been evaluated to date. Old‐growth redwood stands support some of the largest quantities of biomass in the world, up to 350 000 Mg of stem biomass km‐2 and soil organic carbon can reach 46 800 Mg km‐2. In north coastal California, suspended sediment samples were collected at three gaging stations for two to four years on streams draining old‐growth redwood forests. Carbon content, determined through loss‐on‐ignition tests, was strongly correlated with turbidity, and continuous turbidity records from the gaging stations were used to estimate annual carbon exports of 1 · 6 to 4 · 2 Mg km‐2 yr‐1. These values, representing 13 to 33% of the suspended sediment load, are some of the highest percentages reported in the global literature. The fraction of organic carbon as part of the suspended sediment load decreased with discharge, but reached an asymptote of 5 to 10% at flows 10 to 20 times the mean annual flows. Although larger rivers in this region exhibit high sediment yields (up to 3600 Mg km‐2 yr‐1), mainly attributed to high rates of uplift, mass movement, and timber harvest, the small pristine streams in this study have sediment yields of only 8 to 100 Mg km‐2 yr‐1. Because the current extent of old‐growth redwood stands is less than 5% of its pre‐European‐settlement distribution, the present organic carbon signature in suspended sediment loads in this region is likely different from that in the early 20th century. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.