bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time to treatment-seeking by caretakers of children under-five with diarrhea and associated factors in Uganda: a multilevel proportional hazards analysis
Authors: Tumusiime Sula , Asimwe John Bosco , Atuhaire Leonard , Wasswa Ronald , Nsimbe Dick , Kayera Brian 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Diarrhea is considered to be one of the major public health concerns in developing countries. It has a detrimental impact, reflecting one of the highest child mortality rates globally, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, where 2 out of every 10 children in Uganda under the age of five die. The objective of this study was to investigate the factors associated with time to treatment seeking by caretakers of children under-five with Diarrhea in Uganda.

Method
DOVE dataset of 745 caretakers in a prospective and retrospective incidence-based study using multi-stage sampling design was used in the assessment. The analysis was done using a time-to-event approach using life tables, Kaplan Meier survival analysis and multilevel proportional hazards model.

Results
Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated the median time to seeking treatment among 745 caretakers of children under-Five after onset of diarrhea was 2 days. The multi-level proportional hazards model of a Weibull distribution showed that the estimated frailty variance was 0.13, indicating heterogeneity of treatment seeking time by caretakers of under-five children with diarrhea across regions in Uganda. Significant factors found to influence time to treatment-seeking by caretakers of children under-five with diarrhea were, male children (HR = 0.82; 95% CI = 0.71–0.95, p = 0.010), belonging to richest wealth quintile (HR = 1.37; 95% CI = 1.05–1.78, p = 0.022), and residing more than 5 km away from a health facility (HR = 0.68; 95% CI = 0.56–0.84, p = 0.000).

Conclusions
There are delays in seeking diarrhea treatment in Uganda because two days are enough to claim a life after dehydration.The policymakers should pay attention to formulate effective intervention to sensitize caregivers on the importance of early treatment-seeking behavior to avoid severe malnutrition caused by diarrhea. Community awareness program should also be encouraged particularly in areas of more than 5 km from the health facility to make people aware of the necessity to take prompt action to seek care in the early stage.
Results from the ENJOY MAP for HEALTH: a quasi experiment evaluating the impact of age-friendly outdoor exercise equipment to increase older people’s park visitations and physical activity
Authors: Levinger Pazit , Dreher Bronwyn L. , Soh Sze-Ee , Dow Briony , Batchelor Frances , Hill Keith D. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Recreational parks can play a significant role in older people’s health, with emerging evidence suggesting that changes in the physical environment, such as refurbishments of local parks, can increase park visitations and physical activity engagement. The ENJOY MAP for HEALTH aimed to evaluate the impact of Seniors Exercise Park installations and associated capacity building activities on older people’s park visitation, and park-based physical activity.

Method
The ENJOY MAP for HEALTH was a quasi-experiment study design that involved the installation of specialised Seniors Exercise Park equipment as part of park refurbishment, supported by promotion and community capacity building activities in six municipalities in Victoria, Australia. Direct observations of park users took place prior to park upgrades, one-month post upgrade and 12-months from baseline. The overall number and characteristics of park visitors, and the type and level of physical activity undertaken, were summarised descriptively. Generalised linear models were used to examine the impact of park refurbishment (equipment installation and site activation) on the total number of older people observed in the park, and their engagement in physical activity, accounting for site and seasonal effects.

Results
Overall number of visits increased following park upgrades, with the largest number of visitors observed one-month post upgrade (n = 12,501). The proportion of older people observed at the parks remained relatively low prior to and one-month post upgrade compared to other age groups. However, after adjusting for site and seasonal effects, the number of older people observed in the parks increased significantly post upgrade and site activation compared to prior to the refurbishment (incidence rate ratios (IRR) 3.55; 95% CI 2.68, 4.70). The number of older people observed to be exercising at the Seniors Exercise Park also increased by 100% at 12-months post-installation relative to one-month post upgrade (IRR 2.00; 95% CI 1.26, 3.17).

Conclusion
Installation of the Seniors Exercise Parks and the supportive programs and activities following six park upgrades resulted in an increase in older people’s park visitation and engagement in physical activity. Community engagement and training of volunteers with the support of local governments are likely to contribute to the increased park usage by older people.

Trial registration
This trial was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry. Trial registration number ACTRN12621000965808. https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=380745&isReview=true.
Factors influencing health-seeking behavior among Sudanese immigrants in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Elfaki Noor S. , Abdelgyoum Hafeia A. , Elhelali Ala 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Health-seeking behavior (HSB) involves any action or inaction taken by individuals who perceive themselves to have a health problem or illness aimed at finding appropriate medical treatments. Studies suggest a positive relationship between the availability and quality of health services and their utilization. This study aimed to identify the factors influencing health-seeking behavior among Sudanese immigrants in Saudi Arabia, to improve healthcare access and health outcomes.

Method
A cross-sectional study was conducted targeting Sudanese residents of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Participants were recruited using convenient sampling. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed electronically. A total of 494 participants were recruited for the study.

Results
This study showed that the majority of the participants (66.6%) visited a primary healthcare center when faced with a medical problem. However, the prevalence of self-medication in the past three months was 45.7%. Significant factors influencing health-seeking behavior included age (OR [95% CI]: 1.032 [1.000-1.066]) and lack of health insurance (OR = 1.01, 95% CI [1.00-1.02], p = 0.019).

Conclusions
This study emphasizes the importance of understanding healthcare-seeking behavior among immigrant groups, particularly Sudanese immigrants in Saudi Arabia. It highlights the significance of insurance as a determinant of healthcare-seeking behavior and calls for reforming current policies to reduce disparities in accessing healthcare services.
A qualitative exploration of experts’ views about multi-dimensional aspects of hookah smoking control in Iran
Authors: Dadipoor Sara , Alavi Azin , Eshaghi Sani Kakhaki Hadi , Shahabi Nahid , Kader Zainab 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
The related literature has primarily addressed cigarette smoking control. It seems that researchers have failed to explore the determinants of hookah smoking (HS) control. In an attempt to fill this gap, the present study explores experts’ views about aspects of HS control in Bandar Abbas, a city in the south of Iran.

Methods
The present qualitative study, conducted in 2022 and 2023, used a content analysis. To this aim, 30 experts in tobacco prevention and control were invited to participate in the research. Twenty seven accepted the invitation. In-depth, semi-structured, and face-to-face interviews were held with the experts. A purposive sampling was used and the data collection continued until data saturation. The interviews lasted between 18 and 65 min. MAXQDA 10.0 was used for data management and analysis.

Results
The expert interviewees had a mean age of 44.77 ± 6.57 years and a mean work experience of 18.6 ± 6.8 years. A total number of six main categories were extracted from the data, including usin influential figures to control HS, controlling HS by alternative activities, changing beliefs and attitudes toward HS, taking administrative and regulatory measures, and facilitating HS cessation.

Conclusion
This qualitative study explored the multifaceted ways people adopt to quit HS. Using influential figures to control hookah smoking, promoting alternative activities as a means of control, changing beliefs and attitudes, enforcing administrative regulations, and facilitating quit attempts all play an important role in tackling the prevalence of hookah smoking. These findings emphasize the importance of a comprehensive and multifaceted approach to integrate various interventions to effectively address hookah smoking behavior.
The transition of eldercare responsibility and traditional filial piety concepts and its urban-rural differences in China: an age-period-cohort analysis from 2006 to 2017
Authors: Liu Xiangxiang , Yu Hong-jie , Zhang Min-zhe , Yang Hong-guang , Chen Rui , Zhao Litao , He Qi-qiang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
With rapid urbanization, massive migration, and non-family–based eldercare involvement, Chinese concepts of eldercare responsibility and filial piety are shifting. We performed age-period-cohort (APC) analyses to assess the transition of old-age pension coverage, eldercare responsibility, and filial piety concepts and its urban-rural differences among Chinese adults using data from the China General Social Survey (2006–2017).

Methods
Old-age pension coverage (yes/no) and primary eldercare responsibility (government/offspring/self/sharing) were investigated in 2010, 2012, 2013, 2015, and 2017. Filial piety was evaluated using customized questionnaires in 2006 and 2017. The APC effects were estimated using mixed effects and generalized additive models.

Results
Among 66,182 eligible participants (mean age: 48.8 years, females: 51.7%) in the six waves, APC analyses indicated that old-age pension coverage increased with aging and over time. Across cohort groups, it grew as the cohort was younger in urban residents but decreased in rural residents. The concept of offspring-based (> 50%) and government/self/offspring-shared eldercare (> 30%) predominated. APC analyses revealed that the offspring-based concept declined with aging (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.79–0.84), whereas the government-based (OR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.33–1.41) and self-based (OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.47–1.63) concepts increased with aging. People born around the 1940s have a comparatively higher possibility to perceive that the primary eldercare responsibility should be undertaken by the government and elder parents. In contrast, people born in the younger cohort were more likely to perceive that adult children are responsible for their parents’ primary eldercare. Filial piety score slightly increased with aging (β = 0.18, SD: 0.05) but decreased as the birth cohort was younger. In addition, rural participants were more likely to perceive offspring-based eldercare and maintain filial piety, and the related urban-rural difference was intensified by aging.

Conclusions
The traditional concept that eldercare solely relies on offspring has changed to relying on multiple entities, including the government and self-reliance. Diluted filial piety in people born in the young cohort requires reinforcement. Moreover, future healthy aging policies need to focus more on urban-rural disparities to promote equity in social well-being.
Association of demographics, lumbar active range of motion and disability in chronic low back: a baseline data analysis of a randomized controlled trial from Pakistan
Authors: Baig Aftab Ahmed Mirza , Ansari Basit , Ahmed Syed Imran , Ishaque Farhan , Farooqui Waqas Ahmed 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
The disability and significant economic costs accredited to Low back pain (LBP) are likely to rise which is an essential problem in low and middle-income countries like Pakistan. The associated factors of LBP are age, sex, and race including physical activity, high spinal load, lifting, bending, and twisting occupations. The literature highlighted there is substantial differences in associated factors of LBP within available studies in developing countries. The objective is to investigate the association of demographic factors and lumbar range of motion with disability in patients with chronic low back.

Methods
A baseline data analysis was performed as an analytical cross-sectional study among 150 patients with chronic low back in a randomized controlled trial with a duration from March 2020 and January 2021. After recording demographics, Modified-Modified Schober’s test was used to measure lumbar flexion and extension and Oswestry disability index for disability. After the descriptive analysis the continuous variables, age and pain were analyzed with Spearman’s correlation. Variables that were significant in bivariate analysis were then fitted in a multivariable linear regression. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to analyze variations of disability in gender, marital status, work status, education level, and duration of pain. The p-value of 0.05 was significant.

Results
The results showed a significant correlation between age and pain in sitting (rh=-0.189, p = 0.021 and rh = 0.788, p < 0.001) with the disability but no significant effects of age and pain in sitting (B=-0.124, p = 0.212 and B = 1.128, p = 0.082) on disability were found. The decrease in lumbar flexion and extension was found to increase disability (B=-6.018 and − 4.032 respectively with p < 0.001). Female gender (x2(1) = 15.477, p = < 0.001) and unmarried marital status (x2(1) = 4.539, p = 0.033) had more disability than male gender and married marital status, respectively. There was a significance between groups of the duration of pain regarding disability (x2 (2) = 70.905, p < 0.001). Age, education level, and work status showed no significance (p > 0.05).

Conclusions
The female gender and unmarried marital status are associated with functional disability. Decreased lumbar range of motion accompanies more disability, while age, education level, and work status do not effect on disability.
Correlation between the incidence of inguinal hernia and risk factors after radical prostatic cancer surgery: a case control study
Authors: Xiang An-Ping , Shen Yue-Fan , Shen Xu-Feng , Shao Si-Hai 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objective
The incidence of recurrent hernia after radical resection of prostate cancer is high, so this article discusses the incidence and risk factors of inguinal hernia after radical resection of prostate cancer.

Methods
This case control study was conducted in The First People’s Hospital of Huzhou clinical data of 251 cases underwent radical resection of prostate cancer in this hospital from March 2019 to May 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the occurrence of inguinal hernia, the subjects were divided into study group and control group, and the clinical data of each group were statistically analyzed, Multivariate Logistic analysis was performed to find independent influencing factors for predicting the occurrence of inguinal hernia. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve was drawn according to the occurrence and time of inguinal hernia.

Results
The overall incidence of inguinal hernia after prostate cancer surgery was 14.7% (37/251), and the mean time was 8.58 ± 4.12 months. The average time of inguinal hernia in patients who received lymph node dissection was 7.61 ± 4.05 (month), and that in patients who did not receive lymph node dissection was 9.16 ± 4.15 (month), and there was no significant difference between them (P > 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of inguinal hernia with age, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, PSA, previous abdominal operations and operative approach (P > 0.05), but there were statistically significant differences with surgical method and pelvic lymph node dissection (P < 0.05). The incidence of pelvic lymph node dissection in the inguinal hernia group was 24.3% (14/57), which was significantly higher than that in the control group 11.8% (23/194). Logistic regression analysis showed that pelvic lymph node dissection was a risk factor for inguinal hernia after prostate cancer surgery (OR = 0.413, 95%Cl: 0.196–0.869, P = 0.02). Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that the rate of inguinal hernia in the group receiving pelvic lymph node dissection was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
Pelvic lymph node dissection is a risk factor for inguinal hernia after radical resection of prostate cancer.
Oral management for a patient with trismus accompanied by Isaacs’ syndrome: a case report
Authors: Tani Asuka , Mizutani Shinsuke , Watanabe Mitsuru , Irie Takashi , Masaki Katsuhisa , Isobe Noriko , Kashiwazaki Haruhiko 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundIsaacs’ syndrome, also known as neuromyotonia or peripheral nerve hyperexcitability, is a rare disorder that affects the peripheral nervous system. Clinical findings include cramps, fasciculations, and myokymia; however, there are few reports of dental treatment for trismus.Case presentationA patient with trismus due to Isaacs’ syndrome experienced swelling and pain in the gingiva surrounding his right lower first molar. He was diagnosed with chronic apical periodontitis by a dentist near his home. However, the patient was informed that dental treatment and medication could not be administered because of the presence of Isaacs’ syndrome, and he visited the Geriatric Dentistry and Perioperative Oral Care Center at Kyushu University Hospital 2 weeks later. The patient’s painless mouth-opening distance (between incisors) was 20 mm at that time, and medication, including amoxicillin capsules and acetaminophen, was administered because the dental extraction forceps or endodontic instruments were difficult to insert into the oral cavity for treatment. Two months after his initial visit, the patient visited us complaining of pain in the same area. However, he had recently undergone plasmapheresis treatment in neurology to alleviate limited mouth opening and systemic myalgia, resulting in a pain-free mouth-opening distance of approximately 35 mm. During this temporary period in which he had no restriction in mouth opening, we performed tooth extraction and bridge restoration on the mandibular right first molar and created an oral appliance for sleep bruxism.ConclusionsPlasmapheresis therapy transiently reduced trismus, rendering dental interventions feasible, albeit temporarily. This case report underscores the importance of close collaboration between neurologists and dentists who encounter similar cases while furnishing valuable insights to inform dental treatment planning.
A proof of principle investigation of a novel enzyme formulation on dental calculus deposition: a 4-week randomized human clinical trial
Authors: Milleman Kimberly R. , Deener Greg , Milleman Jeffery L. , Mish Barbara , Schuller Reinhard , Mynarcik Dennis 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
The dissolution of dental calculus, safely and at home, is among the more challenging issues facing the over-the-counter healthcare industry. Pontis Biologics, Inc. has developed novel model of calculus development and structure and has formulated a dentifrice (Tartarase™) using digestive enzymes as active ingredients that is shown to dissolve dental calculus in this Proof of Principle clinical trial.

Methods
This investigation was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel enzyme formulation to remove existing calculus deposits in 4 weeks, measured using the Volpe-Manhold Index (V-MI) on lingual surfaces of 6 lower anterior teeth. The test formulation was compared to Crest Cavity Protection, as a control dentifrice. A total of 40 randomized test subjects began the study with 20 assigned to the control dentifrice and 20 assigned to the Tartarase groups (ten each, one brushing with Tartarase twice daily and one brushed with Tartarase and wore a dental tray filled with Tartarase for 30 min then brushed again with Tartarase, once daily).

Results
The Crest group experienced a 12% increase in calculus, in contrast to the results of both Tartarase groups that experienced a 40% reduction in calculus in 4 weeks of unsupervised at home use of the Tartarase toothpaste formulation.

Conclusions
This proof of principle study demonstrates that a dentifrice, formulated along the lines of the Tartarase material, is capable of combating calculus accumulation using the same oral hygiene habits that are common worldwide.

Trial registration
This trial was registered retrospectively at clinicaltrials.gov and has the Unique Identification Number: NCT06139835, 14/11/2023.
Prevalence of intimate partner violence among Indian women and their determinants: a cross-sectional study from national family health survey – 5
Authors: Manna Sayantani , Singh Damini , Barik Manish , Rehman Tanveer , Ghosal Shishirendu , Kanungo Srikanta , Pati Sanghamitra 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Intimate partner violence (IPV) can be described as a violation of human rights that results from gender inequality. It has arisen as a contemporary issue in societies from both developing and industrialized countries and an impediment to long-term development. This study evaluates the prevalence of IPV and its variants among the empowerment status of women and identify the associated sociodemographic parameters, linked to IPV.

Methods
This study is based on data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) of India, 2019-21 a nationwide survey that provides scientific data on health and family welfare. Prevalence of IPV were estimated among variouss social and demographic strata. Pearson chi-square test was used to estimate the strength of association between each possible covariate and IPV. Significantly associated covariates (from univariate logistic regression) were further analyzed through separate bivariate logistic models for each of the components of IPV, viz-a-viz sexual, emotional, physical and severe violence of the partners.

Results
The prevalence of IPV among empowered women was found to be 26.21%. Among those who had experienced IPV, two-thirds (60%) were faced the physical violence. When compared to highly empowered women, less empowered women were 74% more likely to face emotional abuse. Alcohol consumption by a partner was established to be attributing immensely for any kind of violence, including sexual violence [AOR: 3.28 (2.83–3.81)].

Conclusions
Our research found that less empowered women experience all forms of IPV compared to more empowered women. More efforts should to taken by government and other stakeholders to promote women empowerment by improving education, autonomy and decision-making ability.