bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological lasers theory, vol.II vision holographic theory ‐ Eye and vision
Authors: MANU MD , PLESU GH 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose The romanian book deals with the Biological Laser Theory BLT and its applications ‐ the Vision Holographic Theory VHT. The book has about 465 pages, 7 chapters, and 151 figures (85 original figures), 15 tables. After introduction of the actual problems in ophthalmology, are presented: the purpose of the book ‐ to verify some old theory about an up‐down image on retina, to demonstrate by theoretical and experimental studies that human eye structure is a bifocal laser system with holographic system included, the bio luminescence is a biological laser phenomena, laser holographic biophotonic mechanism of the sight, and applications;Methods Theoretic method: a short history of the sight mechanism. Our old studies on characteristics of cell biological laser systems; the VHT hypothesis about eye and vision, the coherent transformation of light in bio luminescence, as laser phenomena; multidisciplinary arguments for laser‐holographic structures and function hypothesis are from ophthalmology, lasers, holography, liquid crystals, electronics, biophotonic and bionics.As experimental method we present two original apparatus for human vision study acknowledged at EuroInvent Iași 2011, and CIGIG 2012.Results Both apparatus proves the right position of holograms on retina, due to eye, not to brain. We describe some other holographic‐biophotonic mechanism for biological (muscle contraction) and psychic processes (vision, memory, thinking, speech etc), and increasing the power and information along nervous system.Conclusion Important applications are in medicine teaching, physics and bionics. Keywords: eye, bioluminescence, bifocal laser system, holography, image, nervous system, biophotonic mechanism, biologic process, psychic process
Commercial interest
Simultaneous VEP and EOG in dyslexic children
Authors: HERAVIAN J , SOBHANI D , LARI YAZDI S , AZIMI A , KHOSHSIMA MJ , HOSSEINI YAZDI SH , OSTADI MOGHADDAM H , YEKTA AA 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose We used Pattern visual evoked potential (PVEP) and Electrooculogram (EOG) to clarify the confilicting evidence of neurophysiological abnormalities in dyslexic children.Methods PVEP and EOG were recorded simultaneously in 72 children including 36 dyslexic and 36 normal children that were matched for age, sex and intelligence. Two check sizes of 60 and 15 min arc were used with temporal frequencies of 1.5 Hz for transient and 6 Hz for steady state methods.Results Our findings show no differences in VEP components between dyslexia and normal that did not support the magnocellular hypothesis. High contrast EOG stimulus in detection of dyslexia is more reliable than VEPs.Conclusion The results are not consistent with the evidence of an isolated deficit of the magnocellular function. The high contrast stimulus used in this study is thought to be involved to paravocellular system.
Hyperstereopsis is attenuated by the addition of secondary visual cues
Authors: PRIOT AE , PHILIPPE M , SALASC CA , NEVEU P , PLANTIER J , ROUMES C 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Telestereoscopic (or hyperstereo‐) viewing which increases effective interocular distance has been a subject of interest since Helmholtz’s pioneering work. Increased disparities and vergence alter 3D‐space perception. In particular, apparent egocentric distances decrease, owing to the increased vergence (Priot et al., 2010; Rogers, 2011). This study sought to investigate how the enrichment of stimulus information influences its perceived distance.Methods We assessed distance perception through open‐loop pointing before and during exposure to a telestereoscope in three stimulus viewing conditions: i) a red pinpoint of light (pinhole) providing vergence cue only; ii) a red cross with randomized diameter preventing size cue, providing vergence and some accommodative cues and iii) a real‐size coin slide providing vergence, accommodation, relative‐ and familiar‐size cues.Results Before exposure (normal viewing), we observed an improved perceived‐distance accuracy induced by enriched stimulus information. During exposure (with vergence discrepancy), we found that, on average: i) telestereoscopic viewing altered perceived distance; ii) this effect was modulated by the stimulus viewing condition; iii) the mean slope of the perceived distance of the cross stimulus vs. its physical distance was not different from that predicted by vergence changes according to Helmholtz’s scaling theory; and iv) the hyperstereo effect was attenuated by the enriched stimulus information.Conclusion We ascribe the attenuation of hyperstereopsis by the addition of secondary visual cues to a down‐weighting of vergence contribution relative to those of the other cues.
Effects of Quensyl on the ERG a‐wave amplitude from the isolated superfused vertebrate retina
Authors: SIAPICH SA , GOEBEL A , WALTER P 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Long‐term therapy with quensyl is known to cause neurodegenerative changes in the retina. In our present research we study acute toxic effects of quensyl on the a‐wave response of electroretinogram (ERG) of isolated superfused bovine retinas.Methods Isolated bovine retinae were mounted in a temperature‐controlled recording chamber. After light stimulation electric field potentials were recorded as a transretinal potential using Ag/AgCl‐electrodes. Isolated bovine retinas were perfused with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) containing 1mM L‐aspartate to block further synaptic transmission in order to record the effects of quensyl on photoreceptors. We tested the low and high light intensities of 100 mlux and 10 lux. After reaching a stable ERG amplitude, quensyl (190 µM, 570 µM or 1,9 mM) was added to the perfusing solution. After 90 min quensyl was washed out for 90 min with PBS containing 1mM L‐aspartate. Changes in a‐wave amplitude were calculated and plotted.Results 190 µM quensyl showed a 1,3 fold stimulation of the a‐wave amplitude at 100 mlux, the effect at 10 lux was not significant. 570 µM quensyl reduced the a‐wave amplitude by 3‐folds independent of light‐intensity. The inhibition was good reversible by washing with PBS containing 1mM L‐aspartate only at low light intensity (2 folds), there was almost no recovery at 10 lux. 1,9 mM quensyl showed a massive depression of a‐wave amplitude (6 to 7 folds) and no wash out effect over 90 minutes at both light intensities.Conclusion Quensyl has a toxic effect on photoreceptors, even with slight increase of concentration showing a huge progression of inhibition and reduction of recovery. An exact dosage of quensyl is of great importance to avoid an irreversible neuronal damage.
Keep an eye on the Pi – Using the Raspberry Pi as inexpensive, yet powerful platform for vision research
Authors: WIRTH M , WEICHMANN F , SCHAEFFEL F , ZRENNER E , STRASSER T 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose In vision research as well as in other research disciplines, like psychology or psychophysiology, there is often a need for presenting visual stimuli and for registration of a physiological responses, like the pupil diameter, to them. Commonly, this is realized by making use of notebooks or desktop computers, therefore, wasting resources and energy. Here, we present a new platform for vision research based on the Raspberry Pi (RPi), an inexpensive, yet powerful system‐on‐a‐chip (SoC).Methods The ARM based RPi, running up to 1GHz with 512MB RAM and offering interfaces like HDMI, RJ‐45, USB and GPIO at a price of $35 only, is a convinient basis for vision research. We took a recently published study dealing with pupil responses to pictures of light sources as draft to test its suitabilty for this usage. One RPi was used for controlling stimulus presentation, a second one for measuring the pupil diameter based on a video stream. The software was implemented using Java on a debian linux.Results Due to the limited memory and processor performance, the framerate was restricted to about 20fps. However, it allowed for the recording of changes in the pupil diameter in response to the presented stimuli. We successfully comprehended a previous study, and thus showed that the RPi is a serious and cheap alternative to using notebooks or desktop computers for vision research.Conclusion In spite of its size, the RPi provides surprising high performance. Based on open‐source software, applications can be implemented in languages like Java or Python, leveraging existing software packages. After the advent of the Raspberry Pi, similar devices became available, providing even more performance for low prices.
Differential diagnosis of endogeneous visual phenomena
Authors: KRASTEL H , UDODOV E , GOLUBKINA L , HARDER B , KOLLING G , JONAS J 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To draw attention to either goal‐targeted or misleading features of phantom images originating from the optical media of the eye, retina, visual pathways and cortex.Methods Retrospective analysis of cases, connecting patient reports on various patterns of endogeneous visual phenomena with pathology at different levels of the visual system, by keratotopography, refractometry, perimetry, biomicroscopy, OCT and electrophysiology.Results Common features of our case histories are patient reports on visual phenomena which lack clear correlates to the outside visual environment. We demonstrate how the above diagnostic tools discern optical photic phenomena from mechanical phosphenes, vitreous traction phosphenes from photopsias arising due to retinal pathology and from lightning due to optic neuropathy. Criteria are defined for discerning these alltogether from the various appearances of filling‐in phenomena in visual field scotomas.Conclusion A thorough interpretation of a patient’s report on endogeneous visual phenomena provides a valuable starter into ophthalmologic diagnosing and into some better understanding of disease mechanisms.
The effect of vitreous opacities on stray light measurements
Authors: DE SMET MD , CASTILLA M 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To evaluate in patients with unilateral complaint of floaters there is an increase in stray light measurements as compared to the contralateral eye.Methods A retrospective series of patients with a unilateral complaint of floaters having undergone a straylight measurement (SM) with a C‐Quant (Oculus, Germany). Data was collected on age and status of the lens. Patients having undergone vitreous surgery in either eye were excluded. The contralateral unaffected eye measurements were used as controls. A second control group consisted in patients with a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD).Results Thirty‐four study eyes (n=34) were included, 11 with a diagnosis of PVD and 23 with floater complaints. The mean age for all eyes (floaters and PVD) was 59.29 years, with no statistically significant differences between groups. Distributed by sex, 14 cases were males, and 20 females. Mean straylight values in the eyes with floaters was of 1.436 (SD=0.208), in the control eye 1.258 (SD=0.199); p<0.01. Straylight in eyes with a PVD 1.241 (SD= 0.251) were similar to the control eye 1.197 (SD=0.139) and did not reach statistical significance.Conclusion Straylight measurements are increased in the eyes with symptomatic floaters. A PVD even when clearly visible on OCT does not increase retinal straylight.
24‐hour intraocular pressure rhythm in young healthy subjects evaluated with continuous monitoring using contact lens sensor
Authors: MOTTET B , APTEL F , ROMANET JP , HUBANOVA R , PEPIN JL , CHIQUET C 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To evaluate 24‐h intraocular pressure (IOP) rhythm reproducibility during repeated continuous 24‐h IOP monitoring with non‐contact tonometry (NCT) and a contact lens sensor (CLS) in healthy subjects.Methods Twelve young healthy subjects were housed in a sleep laboratory and underwent four 24‐h sessions of IOP measurements over a 6‐month period. After randomized attribution, the IOP of the ﬁrst eye was continuously monitored using the CLS Sensimed TriggerFish® and the IOP of the fellow eye was measured hourly using the Pulsair Intellipuﬀ® non‐contact tonometer. A nonlinear least‐squares dual harmonic regression analysis was used to model the 24‐h IOP rhythm. Comparison of acrophase, bathyphase, amplitude, the midline estimating statistic of rhythm (MESOR), IOP values, IOP changes and agreement were evaluated in the two tonometry methods.Results A significant nyctohemeral IOP rhythm was found in 31 out of 36 sessions (86%) using NCT and in all sessions (100%) using CLS. Hourly awakening during NCT IOP measurements did not significantly change the mean phases of the 24‐h IOP pattern evaluated using CLS in the contralateral eye. Throughout the sessions, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) of the CLS acrophase (0.6 [0–0.9]; p=0.03), CLS bathyphase (0.7 [0.1–0.9]; p=0.01), NCT amplitude (0.7 [0.1–0.9]; p=0.01) and NCT MESOR (0.9 [0.9–1]; p<0.01) were significant.Conclusion The CLS is an accurate and reproducible method to characterize the nyctohemeral IOP rhythm in healthy subjects but does not allow to estimate the IOP value in millimeters of mercury corresponding to the relative variation of the electrical signal measured.
Sleep apnea syndrome screening in patients with normal‐tension glaucoma
Authors: AGARD E , DESMAIZIERES C , RUSSO A , RACTMADOUX G , COSTE O , DOT C 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To determine the prevalence of sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) in patients with normal‐tension glaucoma (NTG) and to evaluate the SAS screening in patients with NTG.Methods Prospective study of 35 patients with NTG. Patients answered an abbreviated questionnaire of SAS : louder snoring, long silent period during which there is no breathing, night awakenings and excessive daytime sleepiness. Then, the patients answered the Epworth sleepiness scale. All patients were tested by the sleep clinic and received a dual recording RU‐Sleeping©/ polysomnography for the diagnosis of SAS. The RU‐sleeping© is an interesting medical device easy to use, lightweight, compact and economic. It allows SAS screening at home and it permits to determine with the Epworth scale, patients first go into sleep recording.Results The mean age of patients was 73 years +/‐1,4 years. The positive predictive value (PPV) of abbreviated questionnaire was 54%. And the PPV of Epworth scale was 50% (33% of them had a Epworth score of 8‐14 and 17% had a Epworth score of 15 and above). The apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) was 36,9/h. The mean oxygen saturation was 85,5%. The PPV of RU‐Sleeping for SAS screening was 78%. The SAS prevalence in patients with NTG was 60%, and 66 % of them were severe (AHI>30).Conclusion Routine screening SAS should be recommended to any patient with normal‐tension glaucoma. So, in case of NGT diagnosis in ophthalmology, a simple interrogation evocative associated with a RU‐sleeping© could determine the patients to take charge of a priority especially in case of shortage of beds recordings. Our preliminary results suggest high prevalences of NTG or SAS, a larger sample in this prospective study will allow to confirm it in the future.
Comparative effectiveness of bimatoprost 0.03% preservative free for the treatment of open‐angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension
Authors: BRERETON N , STRADWICK S , HARVEY B , SHERGILL C , PATEL V , WONG W 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the comparative effectiveness of bimatoprost 0.03% preservative‐free solution (BimPF) in single dose vials for the treatment of glaucoma/ocular hypertension compared to other preservative‐free (PF) and non‐BAK preserved prostaglandin analog and prostamide (PGA) therapies. Primary outcome of interest was change from baseline in intraocular pressure.Methods A systematic literature review was conducted to identify relevant randomized controlled trials investigating the IOP lowering efficacy of glaucoma treatments. The initial literature search was done in December 2011, and subsequently updated in April 2013. Trials involving preserved formulations were included to indirectly connect the efficacy evidence of PF and non‐BAK preserved PGA therapies. A Bayesian mixed treatment comparison was used to synthesize the network of evidence. Timolol was used as the reference comparator, as it was the most common comparator in the glaucoma medication trials.Results The initial literature search resulted in 151 trials to be included in the network. The updated literature search resulted in the addition of 4 additional trials. In total, 84 comparator arms were included in the network. Relative to timolol, BimPF showed a significant difference in IOP lowering efficacy relative to timolol, while all other PF and non‐BAK preserved PGA therapies did not. Additionally, BimPF showed the greatest mean change from baseline in IOP compared to all the PF and non‐BAK preserved PGA therapies, although the differences were non‐significant.Conclusion BimPF is the only PF or non‐BAK preserved PGA therapy to show a significantly greater IOP lowering efficacy than timolol.
Comparative effectiveness of bimatoprost 0.03% / timolol 0.5% preservative free fixed combination (BTFC PF) for the treatment of open‐angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension
Authors: BRERETON N , STRADWICK S , HARVEY B , SHERGILL S , WONG W 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the comparative effectiveness of BTFC PF solution in single dose vials for the treatment of glaucoma/ocular hypertension compared to other preservative‐free (PF) fixed combination and PF monotherapies. Primary outcome of interest was change from baseline in intraocular pressure.Methods A systematic literature review was conducted to identify relevant randomized controlled trials investigating the IOP lowering efficacy of glaucoma treatments. The literature search was performed in December 2012. Trials involving preserved formulations were included to indirectly connect the efficacy evidence of PF treatments. A Bayesian mixed treatment comparison was used to synthesize the network of evidence.Results The initial literature search resulted in 148 papers meeting the inclusion criteria. Of these 135 could be connected to form the evidence network, which consisted of 23 comparator arms, 6 of which were PF fixed combinations or PF monotherapies. BTFC PF showed an improvement in IOP lowering efficacy relative to all other PF therapies and the greatest mean change from baseline in IOP, although this difference was non‐significant for 3 out of 5 comparisons, likely due to limited evidence for comparator PF therapies. The analysis showed a 93% probability that BTFC PF was the best of the PF treatments based on the full network analysis. All other PF therapies have a <3% chance of being best.Conclusion The MTC analysis showed numerical superiority of BTFC PF over all other PF treatments within the network of evidence for combination therapies.
Outcome of fornix‐based versus limbal‐based conjuctival flaps in trabeculectomy
Authors: IBANEZ J , PéREZ GARCíA D , ASCASO PUYUELO FJ , PINILLA LOZANO I , JIMENEZ DEL RIO B , CRISTOBAL BESCOS JA 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To compare the surgical outcomes and bleb morphology of limbal‐ based group with that of fornix‐based group undergone trabeculectomy with mitomycin C (MMC).Methods 50 eyes of 50 patients with trabeculectomy with MMC who were observed for 1 year were included in the study. A limbal‐based conjunctival flap was used for 25 eyes of 25 patients and a fornix‐based conjunctival flap for the other 25 eyes of 25 patients. We classified and compared the bleb morphology according to the Moorfield Bleb Grading Sistem after 1 year postoperatively, and evaluated intraocular pressure, success rates.Results There was no significant difference in the IOP and success rate in two groups. The central bleb vascularity of the limbal‐based group was stadistically lower than that of fornix‐based group (1,69±0,56 : 2,08 ±0,69, p=0,042). The risk of cystic bleb formation was higher in the limbal‐based group (34,2% : 14,6% , p = 0,047).Conclusion There was no difference between the groups in the IOP and cumulative succes rate, but fornix‐based group was recommendable concerning the low risk of cystic bleb formation.
Treatment of refractory glaucoma using UC3 procedure with HIFU (High Intensity Focused Ultrasound). Prospective series
Authors: ROULAND J , APTEL F 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To assess the safety and efficacy of Ultrasound Circular Cyclo‐Coagulation (UC3 procedure) using HIFU (high intensity focused ultrasound) in patients with refractory glaucoma.Methods Prospective clinical series performed in two centers, on twenty‐seven eyes of twenty‐seven patients with refractory glaucoma, treated with the EyeOP1 medical device equipped with six miniaturized cylindrical piezoelectric transducers. All eyes were treated with a 6‐second exposure time from each transducer. The main assessment criteria were safety and efficacy as indicated by the incidence of complications and by the IOP reduction. Ophthalmic, ultrasound biomicroscopy and flare examinations were performed before treatment and during clinical follow‐up at D1, D7, M1, M2, M3 and M6Results No major intra‐ or post‐operative complications occurred. Clinical examination showed no lesions of the ocular structures other than the ciliary body and no or few signs of intraocular inflammation after treatment. Visual acuity was not modified after the procedure. The mean intraocular pressure was reduced from 27.5 ± 7.0 mmHg before treatment to 18.3 ± 4.4 mmHg at last follow‐up. Four patients needed to be re‐treated. The success rate, as defined by an IOP reduction >20%, was 67%.The mean IOP reduction achieved was 33%. Ocular inflammation evidenced by flare was very limited and non‐significant.Conclusion Coagulation of the ciliary body using high intensity focused ultrasound delivered by miniaturized transducers is a simple, well‐tolerated procedure which enables to significantly reduce the intraocular pressure in patients with refractory glaucoma.
Commercial interest
Backwards compatibility of HRT3 and HRT II before and after cataract surgery and intraocular lens implantation
Authors: FALCK A , SAARELA V 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To assess the backwards compatibility of HRT3 and HRT II examinations in cataractous eyes before and after surgery.Methods 43 patients waiting for first eye cataract surgery, 12 men and 31 women aged 75 ± 5 years, took part in the study. Optic nerve head (ONH) topographies were performed before cataract surgery and one month postoperatively using the HRT II software. These examinations were later accessed using the HRT3 software. The calculation of topography, the topography standard deviation (TSD), and the image alignment of the preoperative and the postoperative scans were evaluated. TSD ≤50 was considered acceptable.Results The recorded data was accessed using the HRT3 software, and in 34 cases the topography could be calculated. The mean TSD of the 34 examinations obtained of the eyes before cataract surgery was 33 ± 18. Considering TSD ≤50 as acceptable, there were 28 reliable scans. Of the data obtained one month after cataract surgery, topographies using HRT3 could be calculated in 39 of 43 examinations. TSD was 21 ± 12 indicating improvement of the quality of the HRT after cataract surgery. The HRT3 software was able to calculate both the preoperative and the postoperative topography in 31 of 43 eyes (72 %); three of the baseline examinations were considered unreliable because of high TSD values, though. The contour line was correctly aligned in all 31, and the image size was unchanged in all cases.Conclusion Successful topographies using HRT3 software could be calculated in two thirds of the eyes both before and one month after cataract surgery with stable image alignment and image size in all cases. Follow‐up of the ONH topography over cataract surgery was possible in all eyes with reliable examinations.