bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drosophila insulin‐like peptide‐6 (dilp6) expression from fat body extends lifespan and represses secretion of Drosophila insulin‐like peptide‐2 from the brain
Authors: Bai Hua , Kang Ping , Tatar Marc 
Published: August 2012

SummaryReduced insulin/IGF signaling extends lifespan in diverse species, including Drosophila melanogaster where the genome encodes seven insulin‐like peptides (dilp1‐7). Of these, reduced dilp2 expressed in the brain has been associated with longevity assurance when over‐expression of dfoxo in fat bodies extends lifespan. Here, we show that the insulin‐regulated transcription factor dFOXO positively modulates dilp6 mRNA in adult fat body. Over‐expression of dilp6 in adult fat body extends lifespan and increases longevity‐associated metabolic phenotypes. Adult fat body dilp6 expression represses dilp2 and dilp5 mRNA in the brain, and the secretion of DILP2 into the hemolymph. The longevity benefit of expressing dfoxo in fat body, and the nonautonomous effect of fat body dfoxo upon brain dilp expression, is blocked by simultaneously repressing dilp6 by RNAi in fat body. dilp6 thus appears to bridge dFOXO, adipose tissue and brain endocrine function to regulate Drosophila longevity.
Ocular allergy: recognizing and diagnosing hypersensitivity disorders of the ocular surface
Authors: Leonardi A. , Bogacka E. , Fauquert J. L. , Kowalski M. L. , Groblewska A. , Jedrzejczak‐Czechowicz M. , Doan S. , Marmouz F. , Demoly P. , Delgado L. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractOcular allergy includes several clinically different conditions that can be considered as hypersensitivity disorders of the ocular surface. The classification of these conditions is complex, and their epidemiology has not been adequately studied because of the lack of unequivocal nomenclature. Ocular allergy symptoms are often, but not always, associated with other allergic manifestations, mostly rhinitis. However, specific ocular allergic diseases need to be recognized and managed by a team that includes both an ophthalmologist and an allergist. The diagnosis of ocular allergy is usually based on clinical history and signs and symptoms, with the support of in vivo and in vitro tests when the identification of the specific allergic sensitization is required for patient management. The aims of this Task Force Report are (i) to unify the nomenclature and classification of ocular allergy, by combining the ophthalmology and allergy Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma criteria; (ii) to describe current methods of diagnosis; (iii) to summarize the therapeutic options for the management of ocular allergic inflammation.
Myocardial calcium overload during graded hypothermia and after rewarming in an in vivo rat model
Authors: Wold R. M. , Kondratiev T. , Tveita T. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAimMechanisms underlying cardiac contractile dysfunction during and after rewarming from hypothermia remain largely unknown. We have previously reported myocardial post‐hypothermic calcium overload to be the culprit. The aim of the present study was to measure changes in myocardial [Ca2+]i during graded hypothermia and after rewarming in an anesthetized, intact rat model, using the 45Ca2+ technique.MethodsRats were randomized and cooled to 15 °C. Hearts were excised and perfusion‐washed to remove extracellular calcium after 0.5 h of hypothermia (n = 9), 4 h of hypothermia (n = 8), and after 4 h of hypothermia and 2 h rewarming (n = 9). A normothermic group, kept at 37 °C for 5 h, served as control (n = 6). [Ca2+]i was determined in perchloric acid extracts of heart tissue. Spontaneous cardiac electromechanic work was maintained during hypothermia without cardiac arrest or ischaemia.ResultsBetween 0.5 and 4 h at 15 °C, a six‐fold increase in cardiac [Ca2+]i was observed (0.55 ± 0.10 vs. 2.93 ± 0.76 μmol (g dry wt)−1). Rewarming resulted in a 33% decline in [Ca2+]i, but the actual value was significantly above the value measured in control hearts.ConclusionWe show that calcium overload is a characteristic feature of the beating heart during deep hypothermia, which aggravates by increasing duration of exposure. The relatively low decline in [Ca2+]i during the rewarming period indicates difficulties in recovering calcium homoeostasis, which in turn may explain cardiac contractile dysfunction observed after rewarming.
Modification of high saturated fat diet with n‐3 polyunsaturated fat improves glucose intolerance and vascular dysfunction
Authors: Lamping K. G. , Nuno D. W. , Coppey L. J. , Holmes A. J. , Hu S. , Oltman C. L. , Norris A. W. , Yorek M. A. 
Published: September 2012

AimsThe ability of dietary enrichment with monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), n‐3 or n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to reverse glucose intolerance and vascular dysfunction resulting from excessive dietary saturated fatty acids is not resolved. We hypothesized that partial replacement of dietary saturated fats with n‐3 PUFA‐enriched menhaden oil (MO) would provide greater improvement in glucose tolerance and vascular function compared to n‐6 enriched safflower oil (SO) or MUFA‐enriched olive oil (OO).MethodsWe fed mice a high saturated fat diet (HF) (60% kcal from lard) for 12 weeks before substituting half the lard with MO, SO or OO for an additional 4 weeks. At the end of 4 weeks, we assessed glucose tolerance, insulin signalling and reactivity of isolated pressurized gracilis arteries.ResultsAfter 12 weeks of saturated fat diet, body weights were elevated and glucose tolerance was abnormal compared to mice on control diet (13% kcal lard). Diet substituted with MO restored basal glucose levels, glucose tolerance and indices of insulin signalling (phosphorylated Akt) to normal, whereas restoration was limited for SO and OO substitutions. Although dilation to acetylcholine was reduced in arteries from mice on HF, OO and SO diets compared to normal diet, dilation to acetylcholine was fully restored and constriction to phenylephrine was reduced in MO‐fed mice compared to normal.ConclusionWe conclude that short‐term enrichment of an ongoing high fat diet with n‐3 PUFA rich MO, but not MUFA rich OO or n‐6 PUFA rich SO, reverses glucose tolerance, insulin signalling and vascular dysfunction.
Vildagliptin preserves the mass and function of pancreatic β cells via the developmental regulation and suppression of oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress in a mouse model of diabetes
Authors: Hamamoto S. , Kanda Y. , Shimoda M. , Tatsumi F. , Kohara K. , Tawaramoto K. , Hashiramoto M. , Kaku K. 
Published: September 2012

AimWe investigated the molecular mechanisms by which vildagliptin preserved pancreatic β cell mass and function.MethodsMorphological, biochemical and gene expression profiles of the pancreatic islets were investigated in male KK‐Ay‐TaJcl(KK‐Ay) and C57BL/6JJcl (B6) mice aged 8 weeks which received either vildagliptin or a vehicle for 4 weeks.ResultsBody weight, food intake, fasting blood glucose, plasma insulin and active glucagon‐like peptide‐1 were unchanged with vildagliptin treatment in both mice. In KK‐Ay mice treated with vildagliptin, increased plasma triglyceride (TG) level and islet TG content were decreased, insulin sensitivity significantly improved, and the glucose tolerance ameliorated with increases in plasma insulin levels. Furthermore, vildagliptin increased glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion, islet insulin content and pancreatic β cell mass in both strains. By vildagliptin, the expression of genes involved in cell differentiation/proliferation was upregulated in both strains, those related to apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress and lipid synthesis was decreased and those related to anti‐apoptosis and anti‐oxidative stress was upregulated, in KK‐Ay mice. The morphological results were consistent with the gene expression profiles.ConclusionVildagliptin increases β cell mass by not only directly affecting cell kinetics but also by indirectly reducing cell apoptosis, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress in diabetic mice.
The global contribution of forage fish to marine fisheries and ecosystems
Authors: Pikitch Ellen K , Rountos Konstantine J , Essington Timothy E , Santora Christine , Pauly Daniel , Watson Reg , Sumaila Ussif R , Boersma P Dee , Boyd Ian L , Conover David O , Cury Philippe , Heppell Selina S , Houde Edward D , Mangel Marc , Plagányi Éva , Sainsbury Keith , Steneck Robert S , Geers Tess M , Gownaris Natasha , Munch Stephan B 
Published: September 2012

AbstractForage fish play a pivotal role in marine ecosystems and economies worldwide by sustaining many predators and fisheries directly and indirectly. We estimate global forage fish contributions to marine ecosystems through a synthesis of 72 published Ecopath models from around the world. Three distinct contributions of forage fish were examined: (i) the ecological support service of forage fish to predators in marine ecosystems, (ii) the total catch and value of forage fisheries and (iii) the support service of forage fish to the catch and value of other commercially targeted predators. Forage fish use and value varied and exhibited patterns across latitudes and ecosystem types. Forage fish supported many kinds of predators, including fish, seabirds, marine mammals and squid. Overall, forage fish contribute a total of about $16.9 billion USD to global fisheries values annually, i.e. 20% of the global ex‐vessel catch values of all marine fisheries combined. While the global catch value of forage fisheries was $5.6 billion, fisheries supported by forage fish were more than twice as valuable ($11.3 billion). These estimates provide important information for evaluating the trade‐offs of various uses of forage fish across ecosystem types, latitudes and globally. We did not estimate a monetary value for supportive contributions of forage fish to recreational fisheries or to uses unrelated to fisheries, and thus the estimates of economic value reported herein understate the global value of forage fishes.
A randomised comparison of two intranasal dexmedetomidine doses for premedication in children
Authors: Yuen V. M. , Hui T. W. , Irwin M. G. , Yao T. J. , Chan L , Wong G. L. , Shahnaz Hasan M. , Shariffuddin I. I. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryWe compared sedation levels in children following administration of intranasal dexmedetomidine. One hundred and sixteen children aged between 1 and 8 years were enrolled in this prospective, randomised trial. Children were assigned to receive either intranasal dexmedetomidine 1 μg.kg−1 (Group 1) or 2 μg.kg−1 (Group 2). Thirty‐one (53%) patients from Group 1 and 38 (66%) patients from Group 2 were satisfactorily sedated at the time of anaesthetic induction. Logistic regression showed a significant interaction effect (p = 0.049), with the odds ratio between Group 2 over Group 1 estimated as 1.1 (95% CI 0.5–2.7) for the 1–4 year age group, and 10.5 (95% CI 1.4–80.2) for the 5–8 year age group. Both doses produced a similar level of satisfactory sedation in children aged 1–4 years, whereas 2 μg.kg−1 resulted in a higher proportion of satisfactory sedation in children aged 5–8 years. There were no adverse haemodynamic effects. We conclude that intranasal dexmedetomidine in a premedication dose of 2 μg.kg−1 resulted in excellent sedation in children.
Molecular epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis and heterogeneity of Leishmania major strains in Iran
Authors: Mahmoudzadeh‐Niknam Hamid , Ajdary Soheila , Riazi‐Rad Farhad , Mirzadegan Ebrahim , Rezaeian Abdolhossein , Khaze Vahid , Djadid Navid D. , Alimohammadian Mohammad H. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjective  To determine the geographical distribution of Leishmania species causing cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and to study the genetic heterogeneity of Leishmania major isolates from different endemic areas of Iran.Methods  A total of 341 isolates from lesions of patients living in 11 provinces of Iran were grown in culture medium and inoculated to BALB/c mice to detect possible visceralisation. The species were identified by isoenzyme analysis using a battery of six enzymes and kinetoplast (k) DNA‐PCR technique. Genetic variation among L. major isolates was analysed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique.Results  Of the total 341 isolates, 283 isolates were L. major and 58 isolates were Leishmania tropica. In rural areas, the causative agent of CL was mainly L. major (95%L. major vs. 5%L. tropica), in urban areas it was L. tropica (65%L. tropica vs. 35%L. major). All isolates of L. major and 8.6% of L. tropica isolates showed visceralisation in BALB/c mice. There is considerable genetic diversity between L. major strains from different endemic areas and even between some isolates of the same endemic area.Conclusion  Leishmania major is the most frequent species in the endemic areas of CL in eleven provinces of Iran, and genetic diversity is a common feature of L. major in the country.
Renal pelvic villous adenoma presented with mucusuria: Report of a case and literature review
Authors: Karnjanawanichkul Watid , Tanthanuch Monthira , Mitarnun Winyou , Pripatnanont Choosak 
Published: August 2012

AbstractVillous adenomas of the urinary tract are an uncommon condition, and appear mostly in patients where the disease occurred in the lower urinary tract. In contrast, upper urinary tract villous adenomas are a rare condition. Currently, just three cases of villous adenoma in the renal pelvis have been published. Herein, we present the fourth case of a renal pelvic villous adenoma, along with muconephrosis and mucusuria. A 73‐year‐old man presented with abdominal discomfort and a palpable abdominal mass. He had a history of bilateral anatrophic nephrolithotomy, 8 years and 6 years earlier. The preoperative radiographic investigation showed severe right hydronephrosis. A right nephrectomy was carried out and the intraoperative finding showed severe perinephric adhesion and a great deal of mucus in the renal pelvis. The pathological examination showed a villous adenoma and urothelial metaplasia in the kidney.
Global brain atrophy is associated with physical performance and the risk of falls in older adults with cognitive impairment
Authors: Yamada Minoru , Takechi Hajime , Mori Shuhei , Aoyama Tomoki , Arai Hidenori 
Published: August 2012

Aim:  Falls are common in patients with cognitive disorder. The purpose of this study was to determine whether global brain atrophy is associated with cognitive function, physical performance and fall incidents in older adults with mild cognitive disorder.Methods:  A total of 31 older adults with mild cognitive disorders (mean age 78.9 ± 7.3 years) were studied, and 10 of them had experienced falls and the others had not in the past 1 year. Cognitive function and physical performance were measured in these patients. Global brain atrophy was determined by the Voxel‐Based Specific Regional Analysis System for Alzheimer's Disease software.Results:  Fallers showed significantly worse scores than the non‐fallers in the Global Brain Atrophy Index, Clock Drawing Test (CDT), Verbal Fluency Test (animal), maximum walking time and Timed Up & Go (TUG) Test. The Global Brain Atrophy Index was correlated with the Verbal Fluency Test (animal; r = −0.522), the Verbal Fluency Test with letter (ka; r = −0.337), CDT (r = −0.547), TUG (r = 0.276) and Five Chair Stands Test (r = 0.303) by age‐adjusted correlation analyses. Stepwise regression analysis showed that the Global Brain Atrophy Index (β = 1.265, 95% CI 1.022–1.567) was a significant and independent determinant of falls (R2 = 0.356, P = 0.003).Conclusion:  Global brain atrophy might be indicated as one of the risk factors for falls in older adults with mild cognitive disorders. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2013; 13: 437–442.
Quality of life in elderly diabetic patients with peripheral arterial disease
Authors: Amer Moatassem S , Alsadany Mohamad A , Tolba Mohammad F , Omar Omar H 
Published: August 2012

Aim:  To study the impact of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) on quality of life and functional status in Egyptian elderly diabetic patients.Methods:  This case–control study included 90 non‐demented patients aged 60 years and older. Quality of life assessment was carried out using the Short Form 36 health survey (SF‐36), Arterial duplex for diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease; Mini‐Mental State Examination, Geriatric Depression Scale, Activity of Daily Living and Instrumental Activity of Daily Living were used.Results:  SF‐36 domains (except emotional well‐being) were significantly affected in diabetic patients with PAD compared with the diabetic patients without PAD. Most of functional assessment items were significantly affected in diabetic patients with PAD compared with diabetic patients without PAD. Increasing PAD severity and presence of PAD symptoms had a significant negative impact on SF‐36 scores. Among diabetic complications in PAD patients, cardiovascular disease or stroke significantly affected quality of life.Conclusion:  PAD significantly affects quality of life and functional status in elderly diabetic patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2013; 13: 443–450.
Abductive reasoning and qualitative research
Authors: Lipscomb Martin 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAbduction, deduction and induction describe forms of reasoning. Deduction and induction are discussed in the nursing literature. However, abduction has been largely neglected by nurse scholars. In this paper it is proposed that abduction may play a part in qualitative data analysis – specifically, in the identification of themes, codes, and categories. Abduction is not, in research, restricted to or associated with any particular methodology. Nevertheless, situating abduction in qualitative research facilitates the identification of three interlinked issues. First, it is suggested that abductively derived claims require support from deductive and inductively sourced evidence if they are to ‘hold’ and, yet, in qualitative research this is clearly problematic. Second, difficulties in choosing between alternative plausible hypotheses (i.e. concerning theme, code, and category description) are explored through an examination of the ‘generality problem’. Third, the role of background and auxiliary theories in adjudicating between hypothesis options is discussed. It is argued that if qualitative researchers utilize abductive inference in the manner suggested, then the peculiarly fallible nature of abduction must be acknowledged and, in consequence, the action guiding potential of qualitative research findings is compromised.
“Real Owners” and “Common Investors”: Institutional Logics and the Media as a Governance Mechanism
Authors: Jansson Andreas 
Published: August 2012

AbstractManuscript TypeEmpiricalResearch Question/IssueBased on an analysis of Swedish press material covering two corporate scandals, this paper reveals the institutional logic propagated by the Swedish press pertaining to large shareholders and the relationship between this institutional logic and the attribution of blame for the scandals to shareholders by the press.Research Findings/InsightsThe results reveal an institutional logic with a clear notion of what constitutes a “real owner,” which is reminiscent of an understanding of ownership and control prevalent in the literature before the emergence of agency theory. Real owners are associated with moderation of management, responsibility, long‐termism, and legitimate influence in the firm. In response to scandals, this institutional logic leads the Swedish press to question the “realness” of an existing controlling shareholder or, if no controlling shareholder exists, to blame the problem on the absence of a real owner.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsIt is important to understand the institutional logic propagated by the press to see how the media functions as a governance mechanism, since a given institutional logic leads the media to “name and shame” in specific ways. The institutional logic propagated by the Swedish press differs from what previous research has indicated is prevalent in the US, suggesting that the media as a governance mechanism has different effects in different countries.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsThis paper illustrates the importance of understanding prevalent informal norms when predicting effects of corporate governance reform and suggests that these informal aspects are highly path dependent.
Cancer, immunodeficiency and antiretroviral treatment: results from the Australian HIV Observational Database (AHOD)
Authors: Petoumenos K , van Leuwen MT , Vajdic CM , Woolley I , Chuah J , Templeton DJ , Grulich AE , Law MG ,   the Australian HIV Observational Database
Published: August 2012

ObjectivesThe objective of the study was to conduct a within‐cohort assessment of risk factors for incident AIDS‐defining cancers (ADCs) and non‐ADCs (NADCs) within the Australian HIV Observational Database (AHOD).MethodsA total of 2181 AHOD registrants were linked to the National AIDS Registry/National HIV Database (NAR/NHD) and the Australian Cancer Registry to identify those with a notified cancer diagnosis. Included in the current analyses were cancers diagnosed after HIV infection. Risk factors for cancers were also assessed using logistic regression methods.ResultsOne hundred and thirty‐nine cancer cases were diagnosed after HIV infection among 129 patients. More than half the diagnoses (n = 68; 60%) were ADCs, of which 69% were Kaposi's sarcoma and 31% non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. Among the NADCs, the most common cancers were melanoma (n = 10), lung cancer (n = 6), Hodgkin's lymphoma (n = 5) and anal cancer (n = 5). Over a total of 21021 person‐years (PY) of follow‐up since HIV diagnosis, the overall crude cancer incidence rate for any cancer was 5.09/1000 PY. The overall rate of cancers decreased from 15.9/1000 PY [95% confidence interval (CI) 9.25–25.40/1000 PY] for CD4 counts < 100 cells/μL to 2.4/1000 PY (95% CI 1.62–3.39/1000 PY) for CD4 counts > 350 cells/μL. Lower CD4 cell count and prior AIDS diagnoses were significant predictors for both ADCs and NADCs.ConclusionsADCs remain the predominant cancers in this population, although NADC rates have increased in the more recent time period. Immune deficiency is a risk factor for both ADCs and NADCs.
Follow‐up study of 25 Chinese children with PLA2G6‐associated neurodegeneration
Authors: Zhang P. , Gao Z. , Jiang Y. , Wang J. , Zhang F. , Wang S. , Yang Y. , Xiong H. , Zhang Y. , Bao X. , Xiao J. , Wu X. , Wu Y. 
Published: August 2012

BackgroundTo perform a follow‐up of 25 Chinese children with gene‐confirmed PLA2G6‐associated neurodegeneration (PLAN).MethodsWe recruited patients with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) according to the criteria proposed by Nardocci et al. Follow‐up was conducted from 7 months to 8 years after the first visit. The PLA2G6 gene was sequenced, and copy number variation (CNV) was detected in patients with only one mutant allele and in mutation‐negative patients. Patients with late‐onset PLAN until 2012 were reviewed.ResultsAll patients with INAD exhibited rapid decline in motor and mental function, consistent with previous reports from other populations. Epileptic seizures occurred in 16.7%. One teenager with late‐onset PLAN was diagnosed and followed up. The age of disease onset in published late‐onset PLAN ranged between 18 months and 37 years. Initial presentations included gait instability (79.0%), mood/behavior changes (10.5%), dysarthria (5.26%) and cognitive deterioration (5.3%). Compared with INAD, cerebellar atrophy (42.1%) was less frequent in the late‐onset cases, with cerebral atrophy more common (71.4%). Brain iron accumulation was seen in 52.6%. PLA2G6 mutations were identified by DNA sequencing in 92.3% of clinically diagnosed INAD cases and in the late‐onset case. Twenty‐seven different mutations were found, of which 13 were novel. No CNVs were detected. Maternal uniparental disomy was confirmed in one INAD case.ConclusionsThis is the largest report on PLAN in the Chinese population. We suggest that PLA2G6 should be screened in any patient exhibiting progressive gait disturbance, bradykinesia, dysarthria, tremors, mood/behavior changes or cognitive decline, especially when associated with cerebellar atrophy and/or iron accumulation and/or cerebral atrophy.