bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Species-Specific Differences in the Expression and Regulation of α4β7 Integrin in Various Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Byrareddy Siddappa N. , Sidell Neil , Arthos James , Cicala Claudia , Zhao Chunxia , Little Dawn M. , Dunbar Paul , Yang Gui X. , Pierzchalski Keely , Kane Maureen A. , Mayne Ann E. , Song Byeongwoon , Soares Marcelo A. , Villinger Francois , Fauci Anthony S. , Ansari Aftab A. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Among nonhuman primates, SIV-infected Asian pigtailed macaques (PM) are relatively more susceptible to infection and disease progression than SIV-infected rhesus macaques (RM). In addition, SIV-infected African natural hosts such as the sooty mangabeys (SM) are resistant to disease. The mechanisms associated with such species-related variable clinical outcomes remain ill-defined but hold the potential to provide insights into the underlying mechanisms surrounding HIV pathogenesis. Recent findings indicate that the expression of the heterodimeric gut homing integrin α4β7 can influence both susceptibility and disease progression in RM. It was reasoned that differences in the frequencies/surface densities of α4β7-expressing lymphocytes might contribute to the differences in the clinical outcome of SIV infection among NHPs. In this article, we report that CD4+ T cells from PM constitutively express significantly higher levels of α4β7 than RM or SM. Retinoic acid, a key regulator of α4β7 expression, was paradoxically found at higher levels in the plasma of SM versus RM or PM. We also observed pairing of β7 with αE (αEβ7) on CD4+ T cells in the peripheral blood of SM, but not PM or RM. Finally, the differential mean density of expression of α4β7 in RM versus SM versus PM was predominantly dictated by species-specific sequence differences at the level of the β7 promoters, as determined by in vitro reporter/promoter construct transfection studies. We propose that differences in the regulation and expression of α4β7 may explain, in part, the differences in susceptibility and SIV disease progression in these NHP models.
Research Questionnaire on Perception of Seafarers about Oral Hygiene and Oral Dietary Habits
Authors: Mahdi Syed Sarosh , Mancini Maurizio , Sibilio Fabio , Amenta Francesco 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

Objectives
Dental problems are among the main concerns of seafarers and a relevant cause of medical consultations aboard international vessels. Seafarers may neglect their oral hygiene during long voyages and are known for their excessive intake of beverages or unhealthy food which contains copious amounts of fermentable carbohydrates and sugars, which are prime risk factors of dental caries. Majority of studies done on oral health status of seafarers are dated. This paper presents a questionnaire developed by Centro Internazionale Radio Medico (CIRM), the Italian Telemedical Maritime Assistance Service (TMAS) to investigate the oral hygiene condition of seafarers and to assess their awareness and sensitivity on this pertinent health problem.

Methodology
A questionnaire including 26 questions covering general information about the subject, including denture status, smoking, drinking and eating habits, general appearance of gingiva, oral muscosa and lips was developed. The research questionnaire was created to assess the oral health situation of Seafarers on board various ships around the world. The questionnaire was forwarded to different ships using the platform of Centro Internationzionale Radio Medico in Rome. Twenty-six questions on various oral hygiene indicators were part of the questionnaire. Captains of the ship were requested to summarize the results on a summary sheet provided by CIRM. CIRM started out sending questionnaire at the end of June 6 and the project concluded in October.

Results
In the 3 months of the survey, CIRM assisted 1,198 ships. All these ships were requested to take part in the research survey. CIRM received positive response from 65 vessels. The rate of return was 5.4%. Two thousand and sixty seamen filled the questionnaire. No difficulty was reported by ship's captains in summarizing the results of the survey.

Conclusion
The findings of the research will be presented in an original research article after completion of data analysis. Captains of the ships who took part in the project were awarded certificates of appreciation for their effort. The results of the project will be useful in future policy initiatives regarding oral healthcare of seafarers.

How to cite this article
Mahdi SS, Mancini M, Sibilio F, Amenta F. Research Questionnaire on Perception of Seafarers about Oral Hygiene and Oral Dietary Habits. World J Dent 2015;6(1):1-4.
An in vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Curcumin against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Authors: Bhat Kishore , Savita Abdulpur Mallikarjun , Dawra Charu 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Development of bacterial resistance to the available antibiotics and increasing popularity of traditional medicine has led researchers to investigate the antibacterial compounds in plants. In this context, curcumin has been shown to have a range of beneficial properties, like antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, which might be favorable for the treatment of inflammatory diseases like periodontitis.

Aims and objectives
The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial potential of curcumin against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (ATCC 29523).

Materials and methods
The bacterial strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans from the stock were revived and transferred to sterile brain heart infusion (BHI) broth. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by serial broth dilution of curcumin. The last tube with clear supernatant was considered to be without any growth and taken as MIC value.

Results
The mean MIC value of curcumin against A. actinomycetemcomitans (ATCC 29523) was reported to be 0.2 μg/ml.

Conclusion
Thus, it can be concluded that the pleiotropic activities of curcumin derived from its complex chemistry and its ability to influence and control the multiple signaling pathways, makes it a suitable and safer option for the treatment of periodontal diseases.

How to cite this article
Savita AM, Dawra C, Bhat K. An in vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Curcumin against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. World J Dent 2015;6(1):16-19.
Comparative Study of Acrylic Color and India Ink for Their Use as a Surgical Margin Inks in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Patil Anuprita , Anand Rahul , Mahajan Pratiksha 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

Objective
To compare acrylic color and India ink for their use as a surgical margin. Since, acrylic paints are available in multiple colors, they can be used to mark different surgical margins with different specific colors.

Materials and methods
The study was carried out on 30 surgically excised and formalin fixed oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) specimens. Four surgical margins of each 15 specimens were marked with India ink and the remaining were marked with acrylic colors. The grossed specimens were then processed using routine histopathology technique. The 4 mm sections of tissue block were cut using microtome and sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain. Various macroscopic and microscopic parameters were used to study the suitability of acrylic color as surgical ink.

Results
Three different technicians found equal ease of application for acrylic color and India ink. The drying time for acrylic color (1.30 ± 0.009 minutes) was significantly less than India ink (2.30 ± 0.05 minutes). Out of total 60 blocks made for acrylic colors, 52 (86.66%) displayed clear visibility on paraffin blocks (93.33%). In contrast, out of 60 blocks made for India ink, only 34 showed faint visibility on paraffin blocks (56.66%). All acrylic colors were visible very clearly and uninterruptedly under the microscope, while three (5%) surgical margins stained with India ink were interrupted. With the acrylic colors, no contamination or staining of other tissues, processing fluids and solutions were reported. However, with India ink, three (5%) samples reported contamination in alcohol and xylene. There was no interference with the microscopic interpretation of nuclear and cellular details for both acrylic color and India ink whatsoever.

Conclusion
Acrylic colors are more suitable as surgical ink over India ink because of its availability in different colors, ease of application, faster drying time, and no contamination with processing fluids, easy availability and excellent visibility on paraffin blocks and under microscope. Moreover, if needed, painting with multiple colors could also help in reassessment of surgical margins of the gross specimen in the future.

How to cite this article
Sarode SC, Sarode GS, Patil S, Mahajan P, Anand R, Patil A. Comparative Study of Acrylic Color and India Ink for Their Use as a Surgical Margin Inks in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. World J Dent 2015;6(1):26-30.
Ectodermal Dysplasia in a 6 Years Old: A Clinical Challenge
Authors: Bansal Aayushi , Bharadwaj Bindu , Vashishth Abhishek 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
Ectodermal dysplasia depicts a group of inherited disorder in which two or more than two ectodermally derived structures fail to develop perfectly. Intervention at an early stage not only improves patient's appearance but also minimize the associated psychological and emotional problem in such children. This paper presents a case of a 6 years old girl who was referred to our department with complain of absence of multiple teeth for which oral rehabilitation was done.

How to cite this article
Bharadwaj B, Bansal A, Vashishth A, Sharma S. Ectodermal Dysplasia in a 6 Years Old: A Clinical Challenge. World J Dent 2015;6(1):58-60.
Respuestas morfogénicas de tres explantes de Lupinus montanus (hbk) cultivados in vitro
Authors: Ramírez-González Gabriel , Rodríguez-de la O José L. , Arreola-Ávila Jesús G. , Álvarez-Moctezuma José G. 
Published: May 2015

El necrosamiento y la respuesta morfogénica de explantes de cotiledón, epicótilo e hipocótilo de plántulas de Lupinus montanus (HBK) germinadas in vitro se evaluaron para establecer las condiciones básicas de micropropagación. El necrosamiento se evaluó en medio MS con 0.40 mg·litro-1 de tiamina, 100 mg·litro-1 de mio-inositol, 3 % de sacarosa y 7 g·litro-1 de agar-agar y distintas dosis de carbón activado (CA) y ácido cítrico. Los tratamientos con CA (50 mg·litro-1 y 100 mg·litro-1) fueron los mejores en el control del necrosamiento (P = 0.001); el cotiledón tuvo mayor nivel de necrosamiento (< 60 %) que el epicótilo e hipocótilo (entre 10 y 30 %). Las respuestas morfogénicas se analizaron en medio MS con 0.40 mg·litro-1 de tiamina, 100 mg·litro-1 de mio-inositol, 3 % de sacarosa, 7 g·litro-1 de agar-agar, 100 mg·litro-1 de CA y cinco combinaciones de AIA (ácido indol acético) y BA (6-benciladenina). Los explantes de hipocótilo y epicótilo mostraron mayor respuesta organogénica (> 70 %) a diferencia del cotiledón, cuya respuesta fue primordialmente callogénica (50 %). El epicótilo cultivado en medio MS con 3.0 μM de AIA y 1.0 μM de BA tuvo el mayor número de brotes (10) y altura (11.4 ± 2.6 cm).
Conformational changes in spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaves chloroplasts in vivo
Authors: Godziemba-Czyż Janina 
Published: May 2015

Changes in the surface area of chloroplasts from intact cells of spinach leaves (	<i>Spinacia oleracea	</i>) induced by blue (370—500 nm) and red (600- 850 nm) light of various intensity (10<sup>2</sup> - 5x10<sup>5</sup> erg cm<sup>-1</sup>s<sup>-1</sup>) were investigated. The changes are deseribed in terms of mean surface area in , μm<sup>2</sup> and frequency of oocurrence of surface size classes. Low intensity blue light caused enlargement of the chloroplast surface (as compared with that in darkness), whereas high intensity light markedly reduced it. Exposure of chloroplasts to red light produces an increase of the surface in proportion to the intensity of the light and irradiation time.
Influence of nitrate concentration on pigment content in Chlorella pyrenoidosa
Authors: Krywalska M. , Skrzypczyk J 
Published: May 2015

Investigations on the qualitative and quantitative composition of pigments in the alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa cultured on mineral media with different nitrate content may give results serving to establish the optimal concentration of the nitrogen source in the medium. It was demonstrated that the interrelations between the particular pigments in 5 kinds of media containing 0, 0.128, 0.192, 0.256 and 0.384 g N/1, respectively, are most favourable in the medium threefold enriched in nitrates. This fact may be explained on the basis of the value of the coefficients:
chlorophyll a	chlorophyll a + b
----------------- = 3.28	and	----------------------- = 3.13
chlorophyll b	carotenoids
The lack of a nitrogen source in the medium causes significant changes in the total pigment content and in the particular fractions. It was also found that under conditions of nitrogen deficit the astaxanthin content increases.
Plant Sterols, Stanols, and Sitosterolemia
Authors: Ajagbe Bridget O , Othman Rgia A , Myrie Semone B 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Phytosterolemia (sitosterolemia) is a rare autosomal recessive sterol storage disease caused by mutations in either of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding cassette transporter genes; (ABC) G5 or ABCG8, leading to impaired elimination of plant sterols and stanols, with their increased accumulation in the blood and tissues. Thus the disease is characterized by substantially elevated serum plant sterols and stanols, with moderate to high plasma cholesterol levels, and increased risk of premature atherosclerosis. Hematologic abnormalities including macrothrombocytopenia, stomatocytosis and hemolysis are frequently observed in sitosterolemia patients. Currently, ezetimibe, a sterol absorption inhibitor, is used as the routine treatment for sitosterolemia, with reported improvement in plant sterol levels and hemolytic parameters. This review summarizes the research related to the health impact of plant sterols and stanols on sitosterolemia.
Composition of Plant Sterols and Stanols in Supplemented Food Products
Authors: Moreau Robert A 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
All fruits, vegetables, grains and other plant materials contain small amounts of plant sterols, which are essential for the function of the biological membranes in living cells. The average human consumption of plant sterols has been estimated to be about 150–350 mg/day and trace amounts of stanols (which are defined as saturated sterols such as sitostanol), but this number varies regionally and is higher for vegetarians. When consumed in the diet, plant sterols reduce the levels of serum cholesterol. In 1995 the first functional food product, Benecol spread (enriched in plant stanol fatty acid esters), was developed by Raisio and marketed, first in Finland and then globally. Since then many other functional food products have been developed and are now available globally. In addition to stanol esters, other functional food products contain plant sterol esters and/or free (unesterified) plant sterols and stanols. In essentially all of the current functional foods that are enriched in sterols and stanols, the feedstock from which the sterols and stanols are obtained is either tall oil (a byproduct/ coproduct of the pulping of pine wood) or vegetable oil deodorizer distillate (a byproduct/coproduct of the refining of vegetable oils).
Enfants de la loi 101 et parcours scolaires linguistiques : le récit des jeunes issus de l’immigration à Montréal
Authors: Magnan Marie-Odile , Darchinian Fahimeh 
Published: May 2015

Cet article aborde l’expérience scolaire et les logiques d’orientation des jeunes issus de l’immigration qui ont dû fréquenter l’école québécoise francophone et qui ont poursuivi des études postsecondaires à Montréal en anglais. Inspirée d’une sociologie de l’acteur scolaire, l’analyse de récits de vie révèle que le rapport développé par ces jeunes face à l’école francophone et la culture d’orientation véhiculée par leurs pairs et leurs parents ont un impact sur leur choix d’étudier en anglais au postsecondaire. L’analyse des discours permet de constater des frontières intergroupes au secondaire entre les « jeunes issus de l’immigration » et les « francophones québécois ». En conclusion, une réflexion sur le curriculum formel et informel est proposée afin d’améliorer le vivre ensemble.
Asynchronous variation in the East Asian winter monsoon during the Holocene
Authors: Zhang Xiaojian , Jin Liya , Li Na 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) is one of the most active components of the global climate system. Climate anomalies associated with the EAWM differ between extratropical and tropical regions due to the EAWM's meridional extent. Spatial differences in the EAWM variability on centennial and millennial time scales during the Holocene have not been well understood. This study describes Holocene spatiotemporal features of the EAWM based on comparisons of proxy records and climate simulations. The analysis specifically compared four proxy records located throughout China to assess the EAWM's spatial variability during the Holocene. These records indicate a stronger EAWM during the early Holocene than that during the late Holocene. The EAWM also shows a rapid, asynchronous decline from northwestern to southeastern China. The EAWM declined in northwestern China from 10 to 7.5 ka B.P., whereas the decline did not occur in southern China and the eastern Tibetan Plateau until 6–4.5 ka B.P. Coupled equilibrium and transient simulations of climate evolution during the Holocene indicate that the decline of the EAWM from 10 to 7.5 ka B.P. was probably caused by melting of Northern Hemisphere (NH) ice sheets and enhanced Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). The decline of the EAWM from 6 to 4.5 ka B.P. over the eastern Tibetan Plateau and southern China is related to an abrupt increase in sea surface temperatures (SSTs) of the tropical western Indian Ocean. We therefore argue that the regional shift in EAWM intensity was probably related to a distinguishing response to high‐latitude (NH ice sheets and AMOC) and low‐latitude (tropical SSTs) forcings.
Comparing dust flux records from the Subarctic North Pacific and Greenland: Implications for atmospheric transport to Greenland and for the application of dust as a chronostratigraphic tool
Authors: Serno Sascha , Winckler Gisela , Anderson Robert F. , Maier Edith , Ren Haojia , Gersonde Rainer , Haug Gerald H. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe present a new record of eolian dust flux to the western Subarctic North Pacific (SNP) covering the past 27,000 years based on a core from the Detroit Seamount. Comparing the SNP dust record to the North Greenland Ice Core Project (NGRIP) ice core record shows significant differences in the amplitude of dust changes to the two regions during the last deglaciation, while the timing of abrupt changes is synchronous. If dust deposition in the SNP faithfully records its mobilization in East Asian source regions, then the difference in the relative amplitude must reflect climate‐related changes in atmospheric dust transport to Greenland. Based on the synchronicity in the timing of dust changes in the SNP and Greenland, we tie abrupt deglacial transitions in the 230Th‐normalized 4He flux record to corresponding transitions in the well‐dated NGRIP dust flux record to provide a new chronostratigraphic technique for marine sediments from the SNP. Results from this technique are complemented by radiocarbon dating, which allows us to independently constrain radiocarbon paleoreservoir ages. We find paleoreservoir ages of 745 ± 140 years at 11,653 year B.P., 680 ± 228 years at 14,630 year B.P., and 790 ± 498 years at 23,290 year B.P. Our reconstructed paleoreservoir ages are consistent with modern surface water reservoir ages in the western SNP. Good temporal synchronicity between eolian dust records from the Subantarctic Atlantic and equatorial Pacific and the ice core record from Antarctica supports the reliability of the proposed dust tuning method to be used more widely in other global ocean regions.
Estimation of the bed shear stress in vegetated and bare channels with smooth beds
Authors: Yang Judy Q. , Kerger Francois , Nepf Heidi M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe shear stress at the bed of a channel influences important benthic processes such as sediment transport. Several methods exist to estimate the bed shear stress in bare channels without vegetation, but most of these are not appropriate for vegetated channels due to the impact of vegetation on the velocity profile and turbulence production. This study proposes a new model to estimate the bed shear stress in both vegetated and bare channels with smooth beds. The model, which is supported by measurements, indicates that for both bare and vegetated channels with smooth beds, within a viscous sublayer at the bed, the viscous stress decreases linearly with increasing distance from the bed, resulting in a parabolic velocity profile at the bed. For bare channels, the model describes the velocity profile in the overlap region of the Law of the Wall. For emergent canopies of sufficient density (frontal area per unit canopy volume
), the thickness of the linear‐stress layer is set by the stem diameter, leading to a simple estimate for bed shear stress.
Investigating the final seismic swarm before the Iquique‐Pisagua 2014 Mw 8.1 by comparison of continuous GPS and seismic foreshock data
Authors: Bedford Jonathan , Moreno Marcos , Schurr Bernd , Bartsch Mitja , Oncken Onno 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPreexisting networks of seismometers and continuous GPS in Northern Chile successfully captured surface motions and seismicity leading up to the 1 April Mw 8.1. Here we compare continuous GPS (cGPS) with predictions of seismic dislocations for the final foreshock swarm, beginning with the 16 March Mw 6.7. Results show that the cumulative cGPS motion can be largely explained by seismic slip because evolutions of cGPS positions for most stations stay within the ranges of seismic predictions (given sensible ranges of assumed source errors). However, cGPS motions between 18–21 and 25–31 March outpace seismic predictions, supporting the existence of aseismic transients that were most probably the afterslip from preceding bursts of seismicity. A parameter search reveals that the 16 March Mw 6.7 cGPS displacements can be recreated with a fault plane significantly rotated anticlockwise from the strike of the plate interface, suggesting that failure was on a structure other than the plate interface.
Emergence of short crestedness in originally unidirectional nonlinear waves
Authors: de Pinho Uggo F. , Babanin Alexander V. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractOcean waves forced by the wind are multidirectional, even if the wind direction is steady. Directionality can occur due to superposition of long‐crested waves propagating at angle to each other. Lateral modulation of the wave crests, however, also takes place for strictly unidirectional waves, due to nonlinear effects. Here short crestedness of unidirectional waves is investigated. A series of experiments on the lateral instability of monochromatic, deep water, unidirectional, initially long‐crested steep waves was performed in a large wave basin. The cross modulation of wave crests is clearly visible; its magnitude depends on the wave steepness in the wave propagation direction. Its spatial scale is comparable with the wavelength. Thus, short crestedness is an inherent feature of nonlinear waves and should be taken into account when estimating directional properties of ocean waves.