bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risks of a lifetime in construction. Part II: Chronic occupational diseases
Authors: Ringen Knut , Dement John , Welch Laura , Dong Xiuwen Sue , Bingham Eula , Quinn Patricia S. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundWe developed working‐life estimates of risk for dust‐related occupational lung disease, COPD, and hearing loss based on the experience of the Building Trades National Medical Screening Program in order to (1) demonstrate the value of estimates of lifetime risk, and (2) make lifetime risk estimates for common conditions among construction workers.MethodsEstimates of lifetime risk were performed based on 12,742 radiographic evaluations, 12,679 spirometry tests, and 11,793 audiograms.ResultsOver a 45‐year working life, 16% of construction workers developed COPD, 11% developed parenchymal radiological abnormality, and 73.8% developed hearing loss. The risk for occupationally related disease over a lifetime in a construction trade was 2–6 times greater than the risk in non‐construction workers.ConclusionsWhen compared with estimates from annualized cross‐sectional data, lifetime risk estimates are highly useful for risk expression, and should help to inform stakeholders in the construction industry as well as policy‐makers about magnitudes of risk. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:1235–1245, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Edge effects in the primate community of the biological dynamics of forest fragments project,Amazonas,Brazil
Authors: Lenz Bryan B. , Jack Katharine M. , Spironello Wilson R. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTWhile much is known about abiotic and vegetative edge effects in tropical forests, considerably less is known about the impact of forest edges on large mammals. In this study, we examine edge effects in a primate community to determine: 1) the distance from the edge over which edge effects in primate density are detectable, 2) whether individual species exhibit edge effects in their density, and 3) whether biological characteristics can be used to predict primate presence in edge habitats. Given their importance to many primate species, we also examine the influence of the number of large trees. We found edge penetration distances of 150 m for the five species that experienced edge effects, suggesting that primates respond to edge‐related changes in the plant community that are known to be strongest over the first 150 m. Four species had higher edge densities:Alouatta macconnelli(folivore‐frugivore),Chiropotes chiropotes(frugivorous seed predator),Saguinus midas(frugivore‐faunivore), andSapajus apella apella(frugivore‐faunivore); one species' density was lower:Ateles paniscus(frugivore); and the final species,Pithecia chrysocephala(frugivorous seed predator), did not show an edge‐related pattern. The lone significant relationship between the biological characteristics examined (body weight, diet, group size, and home range size) and primate presence in edge habitats was a negative relationship with the amount of fruit consumed. Though we did not examine primate responses to edges that border a denuded matrix, we have shown that edges influence primate distribution even following decades of secondary forest regeneration at habitat edges. Am J Phys Anthropol 155:436–446, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Konjugierte Umpolung von β,β‐disubstituierten Enalen durch duale Katalyse mit N‐heterocyclischen Carbenen und Brønsted‐Säuren: einfacher Aufbau benachbarter, quartärer Stereozentren
Authors: Li Jun‐Long , Sahoo Basudev , Daniliuc Constantin‐G. , Glorius Frank 
Published: August 2014

AbstractEin sterisch gehindertes Homoenolat wurde durch NHC‐katalysierte, konjugierte Umpolung von β,β‐disubstituierten Enalen generiert und in einer direkten, stereoselektiven Anellierung mit Isatinen eingesetzt. Diese Strategie bietet einen effizienten Zugang zu spirocyclischen Oxindolen, die zwei hochsubstituierte, benachbarte, quartäre Stereozentren enthalten. Die Verwendung einer Brønsted‐Säure als Cokatalysator erwies sich als entscheidend für sowohl ausgezeichnete Reaktivität als auch hohe Stereoselektivität.
Conjugate Umpolung of β,β‐Disubstituted Enals by Dual Catalysis with an N‐Heterocyclic Carbene and a Brønsted Acid: Facile Construction of Contiguous Quaternary Stereocenters
Authors: Li Jun‐Long , Sahoo Basudev , Daniliuc Constantin‐G. , Glorius Frank 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA sterically hindered homoenolate has been generated by the NHC‐catalyzed conjugate umpolung of β,β‐disubstituted enals and successfully employed in a facile stereoselective annulation with isatins. The strategy provides efficient access to spirocyclic oxindoles bearing two highly congested contiguous quaternary carbon centers. The use of a Brønsted acid cocatalyst was found to be crucial for guaranteeing both excellent reactivity and high stereoselectivity.
The damping and flame‐retardant properties of poly(vinyl chloride)/chlorinated butyl rubber multilayered composites
Authors: Zhang Fengshun , He Guansong , Xu Kangming , Wu Hong , Guo Shaoyun 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe alternating multilayered damping composites, which were consisted of chlorinated butyl rubber (CIIR) layers and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) layers, were first prepared through multilayered coextrusion technology. The multilayered structure was controlled by adjusting the layer number or the thickness ratio of CIIR layer and PVC layer. The damping and flame‐retardant properties of the CIIR/PVC multilayered damping composites were investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis, the limiting oxygen index, and thermogravimetric analyzer, respectively. The results showed that the effective damping temperature range was broadened with increasing the layer number, since multilayered structure resulted in partial overlap of the loss peaks of CIIR and PVC. Meanwhile, the flame‐retardant properties of the multilayered composites were also enhanced with increasing the layer number. Less surface area of CIIR contacting oxygen in the confined burning space, rather than the formation of char residue, could effectively retard the combustion of the material. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41259.
Ethylene/1‐hexene copolymerization with supported Ziegler–Natta catalysts prepared by immobilizing TiCl3(OAr) onto MgCl2
Authors: Yang Hongrui , Huang Biao , Fu Zhisheng , Fan Zhiqiang 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTFive titanium complexes TiCl3(OAr) (Ar = C6H5, 2,6‐Me2C6H3, 2,6‐i‐Pr2C6H3, 2,6‐t‐Bu2C6H3, 4‐Me‐2,6‐t‐Bu2C6H3) were immobilized, respectively, on MgCl2 in semibatch reaction to form supported catalysts for olefin polymerization. Comparing with the catalysts prepared by immobilizing TiCl3(OAr) onto MgCl2 in batch reaction, the catalysts prepared by semibatch reaction have lower titanium content and higher ArO/Ti ratio. The aryloxy‐containing catalysts studied in this work showed higher ethylene/1‐hexene copolymerization activity and higher 1‐hexene incorporation rate than the blank catalyst when activated by triisobutylaluminum. Similar effects of the aryloxy ligand were observed when the copolymerization is conducted in the presence of hydrogen. Introducing aryloxy ligand in the catalysts either by semibatch or batch reaction caused similar effects of enhancing copolymerization activity and α‐olefin incorporation rate. Mechanism of the effects of aryloxy ligand has been discussed. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41329.
Tori‐lines with weighted branch lines reduce seabird bycatch in eastern South Pacific longline fishery
Authors: Sato Noriyosi , Katsumata Nobuhiro , Yokota Kosuke , Uehara Takayoshi , Fusejima Ippei , Minami Hiroshi 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

The effectiveness of tori‐lines combined with double‐weighted branch lines in reducing seabird bycatch was evaluated in a pelagic longline fishery.
Seabird bait attack behaviour, bycatch number, and sinking rate of baited hooks were examined on double‐weighted and unweighted branch lines deployed on the same longline with a single tori‐line. Comparisons were conducted from July to October in 2011 during two cruises on a chartered longline vessel in the eastern South Pacific Ocean outside the Chilean and Peruvian exclusive economic zones.
Cape petrels (Daption capense), white‐chinned petrels (Procellaria aequinoctialis) and Westland petrels (Procellaria westlandica) were abundant during line setting. There were 275 primary bait‐taking attacks by these species, but there were only eight primary attacks by albatrosses. Nevertheless, six albatrosses and six diving seabirds were incidentally caught as bycatch. Of the primary attacks by Cape petrels, white‐chinned petrels and Westland petrels, 153 led to secondary attacks. These results suggest that off Chile and Peru there is frequent secondary bycatch of albatrosses as a result of their stealing bait from Cape petrels and diving seabirds.
Best‐fit models for the number of primary attacks and of bycatch included the weighted branch line; the use of weighted branch lines resulted in a lower number of primary attacks. Hooks on unweighted branch lines did not reach any of the benchmark depths (3, 5, and 10 m) within the aerial extent of the tori‐lines (the tori‐line remaining above the water surface), hooks on weighted branch lines reached 5 m depth within the aerial extent. These results suggest that, for the pelagic longline fishery off Chile and Peru, combining double‐weighted branch lines and tori‐lines reduces the bycatch more effectively than tori‐lines with unweighted branch lines.
Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Localization of Sarcomeric Proteins During Myofibril Assembly in Cultured Mouse Primary Skeletal Myotubes
Authors: White Jennifer , Barro Marietta V. , Makarenkova Helen P. , Sanger Joseph W. , Sanger Jean M. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTIt is important to understand how muscle forms normally in order to understand muscle diseases that result in abnormal muscle formation. Although the structure of myofibrils is well understood, the process through which the myofibril components form organized contractile units is not clear. Based on the staining of muscle proteins in avian embryonic cardiomyocytes, we previously proposed that myofibrils formation occurred in steps that began with premyofibrils followed by nascent myofibrils and ending with mature myofibrils. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the premyofibril model of myofibrillogenesis developed from studies developed from studies in avian cardiomyocytes was supported by our current studies of myofibril assembly in mouse skeletal muscle. Emphasis was on establishing how the key sarcomeric proteins, F‐actin, nonmuscle myosin II, muscle myosin II, and α‐actinin were organized in the three stages of myofibril assembly. The results also test previous reports that nonmuscle myosins II A and B are components of the Z‐bands of mature myofibrils, data that are inconsistent with the premyofibril model. We have also determined that in mouse muscle cells, telethonin is a late assembling protein that is present only in the Z‐bands of mature myofibrils. This result of using specific telethonin antibodies supports the approach of using YFP‐tagged proteins to determine where and when these YFP‐sarcomeric fusion proteins are localized. The data presented in this study on cultures of primary mouse skeletal myocytes are consistent with the premyofibril model of myofibrillogenesis previously proposed for both avian cardiac and skeletal muscle cells. Anat Rec, 297:1571–1584, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Santiago Ramón y Cajal: The Cajal Institute and the Spanish Histological School
Authors: De Carlos Juan A. , Pedraza MarÍa 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTSantiago Ramón y Cajal was a self‐taught researcher. He almost always worked alone, usually in the solitude of his private laboratory installed at his home. He was also a university professor and therefore taught histology and pathology to many students. But because research laboratories were scarce and poorly equipped, he preferred to organize courses and tutor at home as well. For this reason, Cajal left a faint trace of disciples in the three academic chairs that he came to occupy. It may be argued that Cajal formed the histological school when the Spanish government decided to support his investigations and created a scientific laboratory for him, with funding to cover the cost of journals, instruments, materials, personnel, and so forth. This support occurred in the year 1902, after Cajal received the Moscow Prize. Some of his former students accompanied Cajal to the new laboratory. Upon receipt of new awards, including the Gold Medal of von Helmholtz (1905) and the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1906), Cajal's popularity increased and a large number of students wanted to learn about the laboratory and work with the great Cajal. This review tells this history. But we realize that this is not an easy task because to be fair to all the people that formed the Spanish Histological School, we would need to write a book. This is not practical. Instead, selection of contributors to the formation of the Spanish Histological School is provided. At the same time, some brushstrokes of the story extend to and include the Cajal Institute, which ran in parallel with the Spanish Histological School. Anat Rec, 297:1785–1802, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
One‐Pot Consecutive Catalysis by Integrating Organometallic Catalysis with Organocatalysis
Authors: Sau Samaresh Chandra , Roy Sudipta Raha , Mandal Swadhin K. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe present study integrates two types of catalysis, namely, organometallic catalysis and organocatalysis in one reaction pot. In this process, the product of the first catalytic cycle acts as catalytic component for next catalytic cycle. The abnormal N‐heterocyclic carbene–copper‐based organometallic catalyst acts as an efficient catalyst for a click reaction to provide triazole, which, in turn, acts as an efficient organocatalyst for different organic transformations, for example, aza‐Michael addition and multicomponent reactions, in a consecutive fashion in the same reaction pot.
Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration
Authors: Chan D S Y , Jain P A , Khalifa A , Hughes R , Baker A L 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Background
Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) is a safe and effective single-stage treatment for choledocholithiasis in the elective setting. The outcomes after LCBDE in the emergency setting are unknown. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes following elective and emergency LCBDE for choledocholithiasis.

Methods
Details of all patients who underwent LCBDE for choledocholithiasis between August 2003 and August 2013 were analysed retrospectively. The primary outcome measure was common bile duct (CBD) stone clearance rate. Secondary outcome measures were conversion rate, morbidity, mortality and length of hospital stay.

Results
Some 215 consecutive patients (57 male; median age 65 (range 14–92) years) underwent LCBDE. Some 121 procedures were performed electively and 94 as an emergency. Forty-five patients (48 per cent) presented with obstructive jaundice or cholangitis in the emergency LCBDE group compared with 15 (12·4 per cent) in the elective group (P &lt; 0·001). The CBD stone clearance rate was similarly high in both groups (96 versus 96·7 per cent respectively; P = 0·557). There were no significant differences in conversion rate (6 versus 4·1 per cent), morbidity (5 versus 6·6 per cent), mortality (2 versus 0 per cent) or median length of stay (3 days) between groups. Two patients died, both following emergency LCBDE.

Conclusion
LCBDE can be performed safely and effectively in both elective and emergency settings.
Induced Self‐Assembly of Platinum(II) Alkynyl Complexes through Specific Interactions between Citrate and Guanidinium for Proof‐of‐Principle Detection of Citrate and an Assay of Citrate Lyase
Authors: Chung Clive Yik‐Sham , Yam Vivian Wing‐Wah 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWater‐soluble alkynylplatinum(II) terpyridine complexes appended with guanidinium moieties, [Pt(tpy)(CCAr)][OTf]2 (tpy=terpyridine; OTf=trifluoromethanesulfonate; Ar=C6H4‐{NHC(NH2+)(NH2)}‐4 (1), C6H4‐{CH2NHC(NH2+)(NH2)}‐4 (2)), and [Pt(tBu3tpy)(CCC6H4‐{NHC(NH2+)(NH2)}‐4)][OTf]2 (3; tBu3tpy=4,4′,4′′‐tri‐tert‐butyl‐2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine), have been synthesized and characterized. The photophysical properties of the complexes have been studied. Based on the results of UV/Vis absorption, resonance light scattering, and dynamic light scattering experiments, in aqueous buffer solutions complexes 1 and 2 undergo aggregation in the presence of citrate through strong and specific electrostatic and hydrogen‐bonding interactions with citrate. The emergence of a triplet metal–metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (3MMLCT) emission in the near‐infrared (NIR) region brought on by the induced self‐assembly of complex 1 has been demonstrated for proof‐of‐principle detection of citrate with good sensitivity and selectivity over other mono‐ and dicarboxylate substrates in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle as well as phosphate and lactate anions. Such a good selectivity toward citrate has been rationalized by the high charge density of citrate under physiological conditions and specific interactions between the guanidinium moiety on complex 1 and citrate. Extension of the work to citrate detection in fetal bovine serum and real‐time monitoring of the activity of citrate lyase by the NIR emission of complex 1 have also been demonstrated.
Azavinylidenephosphoranes: A Class of Cyclic Push–Pull Carbenes
Authors: Lavigne Florie , Kazzi Aimée El , Escudié Yannick , Maerten Eddy , Kato Tsuyoshi , Saffon‐Merceron Nathalie , Branchadell Vicenç , Cossío Fernando P. , Baceiredo Antoine 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe synthesis of a novel family of cyclic push–pull carbenes, namely, azavinylidene phosphoranes, is described. The methodology is based on a formal [3+2] cycloaddition between terminal alkynes and phosphine–imines followed by an oxidation/deprotonation step. Carbenes 6, obtained by simple deprotonation, exhibit typical transient carbene reactivity like the intramolecular CH insertion reaction and a pronounced ambiphilic character exemplified by [2+1] cycloaddition with electron‐poor methyl acrylate. Owing to the cyclic structure, carbenes 6 also exhibit an excellent coordination ability toward transition metals. RhI complex 10 was obtained in excellent yield and was fully characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography. The corresponding RhI–carbonyl complex was also prepared; this indicates that carbenes 6 belong to the strongest σ‐donating ligands to date. DFT calculations confirmed the high σ‐donation ability of 6 and their classification as push–pull carbenes with a relatively small singlet–triplet energy gap of 23.2–24.3 kcal mol−1.
Water‐Stable Zirconium‐Based Metal–Organic Framework Material with High‐Surface Area and Gas‐Storage Capacities
Authors: Gutov Oleksii V. , Bury Wojciech , Gomez‐Gualdron Diego A. , Krungleviciute Vaiva , Fairen‐Jimenez David , Mondloch Joseph E. , Sarjeant Amy A. , Al‐Juaid Salih S. , Snurr Randall Q. , Hupp Joseph T. , Yildirim Taner , Farha Omar K. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe designed, synthesized, and characterized a new Zr‐based metal–organic framework material, NU‐1100, with a pore volume of 1.53 ccg−1 and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of 4020 m2g−1; to our knowledge, currently the highest published for Zr‐based MOFs. CH4/CO2/H2 adsorption isotherms were obtained over a broad range of pressures and temperatures and are in excellent agreement with the computational predictions. The total hydrogen adsorption at 65 bar and 77 K is 0.092 g g−1, which corresponds to 43 g L−1. The volumetric and gravimetric methane‐storage capacities at 65 bar and 298 K are approximately 180 vSTP/v and 0.27 g g−1, respectively.
Pyridoxine‐Derived Organoselenium Compounds with Glutathione Peroxidase‐Like and Chain‐Breaking Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Singh Vijay P. , Poon Jia‐fei , Butcher Ray J. , Engman Lars 
Published: August 2014

AbstractOne of the vitamin B6 vitamers, pyridoxine, was modified to incorporate selenium in various oxidation states in place of the methyl group in position 2. Such compounds were conveniently accessed by treatment of bis‐4,5‐(carboethoxy)‐2‐iodo‐3‐pyridinol with disodium diselenide and LiAlH4‐reduction. After work‐up, selone 7 was isolated in good yield as an air‐stable crystalline material. Hydrogen bonding to the neighboring hydroxyl group, as revealed by the short intramolecular Se⋅⋅⋅H distance in the crystal structure is likely to provide extra stabilization to the compound. Computational studies showed that selone 7 is more stable than the corresponding selenol tautomer by 12.2 kcal mol−1. Hydrogen peroxide oxidation of the selone 7 afforded diselenide 12, and, on further oxidation, seleninic acid 13. Treatment of the seleninic acid with thiophenol provided an isolable selenosulfide 14. The glutathione peroxidase‐like properties of the pyridoxine‐derived compounds were assessed by using the coupled reductase method. Seleninic acid 13 was found to be twofold more active than ebselen. The chain‐breaking capacity of the pyridoxine compounds were studied in a water/chlorobenzene membrane model containing linoleic acid as an oxidizable substrate and N‐acetylcysteine as a thiol reducing agent. Diselenide 15 could match α‐tocopherol when it comes to reactivity towards peroxyl radicals and inhibition time.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Li3X3 Supersalts (X: F, Cl, Br and I) and Their Alkalide Characteristics.
Authors: Srivastava Ambrish Kumar , Misra Neeraj 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe second‐order pertubative Moller—Plesset approach, MP2(FC), with a double zeta type basis set for all atoms is used to compute the formation of novel species by the interaction of LiX2 superhalogens with Li2X superalkalies (X: F, Cl, Br, I).
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Precision X‐Ray Diffraction Data, Experimental and Theoretical Study of 2H‐MoS2.
Authors: Naumov N. G. , Korlyukov A. A. , Piryazev D. A. , Virovets A. V. , Fedorov V. E. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractHigh‐quality single crystals of the title compound are prepared from a mixture of molybdenum and a twofold excess of sulfur (quartz tube, 1250 °C, 96 h) and used to determine the crystal structure of the compound by precise three‐dimensional single crystal XRD and quantum chemical DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Flux Growth of Yb6.6Ir6Sn16 Having Mixed‐Valent Ytterbium.
Authors: Peter Sebastian C. , Subbarao Udumula , Rayaprol Sudhindra , Martin Joshua B. , Balasubramanian Mahalingam , Malliakas Christos D. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSingle crystals of the title compound are grown in an indium flux starting with a mixture of Yb, Ir, Sn, and In in the molar ratio of 3:2:6:30 (alumina crucible, 1000 °C for 5 h and 850 °C for 48 h, <95% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Common Metal of Copper(0) as an Efficient Catalyst for Preparation of Nitriles and Imines by Controlling Additives.
Authors: Wang Jiaqing , Lu Shuanglong , Cao Xueqin , Gu Hongwei 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAn efficient and environmentally friendly method for copper(0)‐catalyzed oxidation of benzylamines in the presence of 1 equiv.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Hydroamination to Six‐Membered Rings by Heterobimetallic Catalysts.
Authors: Hussein Lenard , Purkait Nibadita , Biyikal Mustafa , Tausch Eugenia , Roesky Peter W. , Blechert Siegfried 
Published: August 2014

AbstractNew bimetallic Zn/Zr salen‐type systems are successfully employed as catalysts in asymmetric intramolecular hydroamination reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Enantiopure Cyclic Diols with Sulfuryl Chloride.
Authors: Boyd Derek R. , Sharma Narain D. , Kaik Magdalena , McIntyre Peter B. A. , Malone John F. , Stevenson Paul J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractMonocyclic allylic cis‐diols (I) react with sulfuryl chloride at 0 °C regio‐ and stereoselectively to give 2‐chloro‐1‐sulfochloridates (II), which can be hydrolyzed to yield the corresponding trans‐chlorohydrins (III).