bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine in a Mouse Model of Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Shin Ji‐Hyeon , Kim Boo Young , Park Hyang Rim , Kim Sung Won , Kim Soo Whan 
Published: January 2013

ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine if pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) could suppress allergic inflammation in an allergic rhinitis mouse model and to explore whether differences exist regarding the effect of PPV according to timing of administration.Study DesignIn vivo study using an animal model.SettingCatholic Research Institutes of Medical Science.Subjects and MethodsBALB/c mice were divided into control,Der f, Pre‐S, and Post‐S groups. The allergen wasDermatophagoides farinae(Der f). Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine was administered before (Pre‐S) or after (Post‐S) sensitization. Allergic symptoms and eosinophils in nasal mucosa, interferon‐γ, interleukin (IL)–13, and IL‐10 in nasal lavage fluid and serumDer f–specific IgE were measured. T‐bet, GATA‐3, and Foxp3 mRNA in spleen were determined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Flow cytometry of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T cells in spleen was analyzed.ResultsIn the Pre‐S group, symptom score, serumDer f–specific IgE, eosinophils, IL‐13, and GATA‐3 mRNA were decreased (P<. 05), and IL‐10, Foxp3 mRNA, and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T cells were increased compared with those inDer fgroup (P<. 05). In the Post‐S group, symptom score, serumDer f–specific IgE, and GATA‐3 mRNA were decreased (P <. 05), and Foxp3 mRNA and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T cells were increased compared with those in theDer fgroup (P<. 05).ConclusionThese results suggest that PPV administered before or after sensitization suppresses Th2 response and enhanced induction of regulatory T cells in an allergic rhinitis model. In addition, there was no significant difference between the degrees of effects in these 2 conditions. In the future, we can consider PPV to be a preventative agent for allergic rhinitis.
The Joint Facial and Invasive Neck Trauma (J‐FAINT) Project, Iraq and Afghanistan 2003‐2011
Authors: Feldt Brent A. , Salinas Nathan L. , Rasmussen Todd E. , Brennan Joseph 
Published: January 2013

ObjectiveDefine the number and type of facial and penetrating neck trauma injuries sustained in Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF).Study DesignRetrospective database study.SettingTertiary care level I trauma center.Subjects and MethodsThe Joint Theater Trauma Registry (JTTR) was queried for data from OIF and OEF from January 2003 to May 2011. Information on demographics; type and severity of facial, neck, and associated trauma injures; and impact on overall mortality was recorded.ResultsThere were 37,523 discrete facial and penetrating neck injuries that occurred in 7177 service members. There were 25,834 soft tissue injuries and 11,689 facial fractures. The most common soft injury sites were the face/cheek (48%), neck/larynx/trachea (17%), and mouth/lip (12%). The maxilla (25%), mandible (21%), and orbit (19%) were the most common facial fracture sites. The most common mechanism of injury was penetrating (49.1%), followed by blunt (25.7%), blast (24.2%), and other/unknown/burn (1%). Injuries were associated with an overall mortality rate of 3.5%. The highest risks for mortality were treatment at a level IIa facility, female sex, prehospital intubation, and blast injury. Most injuries were mild to moderate.ConclusionFacial and penetrating neck trauma are common in modern warfare. Most injuries are minor to moderate and survivable. Training and potential body armor updates can be made. Medical personnel deploying to support OIF and OEF could benefit from specific training in the management of facial and penetrating neck injuries. A surgeon skilled in managing these injuries would likely be beneficial in a deployed setting.
Modeling Nasal Physiology Changes Due to Septal Perforations
Authors: Cannon Daniel E. , Frank Dennis O. , Kimbell Julia S. , Poetker David M. , Rhee John S. 
Published: January 2013

ObjectiveTo use computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology to help providers understand (1) how septal perforations may alter nasal physiology and (2) how these alterations are influenced by perforation size and location.Study DesignComputer simulation study.SettingFacial plastic and reconstructive surgery clinic.Subjects and MethodsWith the aid of medical imaging and modeling software, septal perforations of 1 and 2 cm in anterior, posterior, and superior locations were virtually created in a nasal cavity digital model. The CFD techniques were used to analyze airflow, nasal resistance, air conditioning, and wall shear stress.ResultsBilateral nasal resistance was not significantly altered by a septal perforation. Airflow allocation changed, with more air flowing through the lower‐resistance nasal cavity. This effect was greater for anterior and posterior perforations than for the superior location. At the perforation sites, there was less localized heat and moisture flux and wall shear stress in superior perforations compared with those in anterior or posterior locations. For anterior perforations, a larger size produced higher wall shear and velocity, whereas in posterior perforations, a smaller size produced higher wall shear and velocity.ConclusionSeptal perforations may alter nasal physiology. In the subject studied, airflow allocation to each side was changed as air was shunted through the perforation to the lower‐resistance nasal cavity. Anterior and posterior perforations caused larger effects than those in a superior location. Increasing the size of anterior perforations and decreasing the size of posterior perforations enhanced alterations in wall shear and velocity at the perforation.
The Effect of Intratympanic Methylprednisolone and Gentamicin Injection on Ménière's Disease
Authors: Gabra Nathalie , Saliba Issam 
Published: January 2013

ObjectivesTo compare the efficacy of intratympanic injections of methylprednisolone (ITMP) and intratympanic injections of gentamicin (ITG) to control the symptoms of Ménière's disease and to evaluate their effect on hearing level.Study DesignA historical cohort study.SettingTertiary referral center.Subjects and MethodsEighty‐nine patients affected by Ménière's disease were included in this study, of whom 47 were treated with ITG and 42 were treated with ITMP. Two periods of follow‐up were considered: 0 to 6 months and 6 to 12 months after the intratympanic injections (ITI). Mean outcome measurements consisted of control of vertigo attacks, tinnitus, and aural fullness; pure‐tone average (PTA); and speech discrimination score (SDS).ResultsThe 2 groups had the same number of vertigo spells per month before ITI (P=. 883). Six to 12 months after ITI, 82.9% of the ITG group and 48.1% of the ITMP group achieved complete control of vertigo (P=. 004). There was better control of tinnitus and aural fullness with ITG than with ITMP (P≤. 002). The 2 groups had a statistically significant difference in hearing level before ITI (P≤. 001). This difference was no longer present 6 to 12 months after ITI (P>. 05).ConclusionIntratympanic injections of gentamicin are more efficient than ITMP in controlling the symptoms of Ménière's disease. The 2 groups ended up without a difference in hearing level after ITI. According to these findings, administrating ITMP to control Ménière's disease seems to be less beneficial than ITG.
Is the Degree of Discomfort Caused by Tinnitus in Normal‐Hearing Individuals Correlated with Psychiatric Disorders?
Authors: Campos Granjeiro Ronaldo , Moura Kehrle Helga , Sarmento Cardoso de Oliveira Taciana , Lopes Sampaio André Luiz , Costa Pires de Oliveira Carlos Augusto 
Published: January 2013

ObjectiveTo evaluate the annoyance of tinnitus in normal‐hearing patients and to correlate it with outer hair cell function and with anxiety and depression disorders.Study designCase‐control study.SettingTertiary care medical center.Subjects and MethodsSixty‐eight patients with tinnitus (study group) and a control group consisting of 46 subjects without tinnitus were studied. The subjects ranged in age from 20 to 45 years and had a hearing threshold of up to 25 dB in the frequency range of 500 to 8000 Hz. The subjects were submitted to otoacoustic emission (OAE) tests. Tinnitus annoyance was evaluated using the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, and anxiety and depression were measured using the Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventories.ResultsIn the study group, 67% of the transient‐evoked OAE tests were altered, with the observation of significant differences for all frequencies tested. In addition, 65.2% of the distortion product–evoked OAE tests were altered at 3000, 6000, and 8000 Hz, and this difference was significant when compared with control. Anxiety (44.1%) and depression (33.3%) were significantly more frequent among patients with tinnitus. Tinnitus annoyance was not correlated with the OAE results or tinnitus duration but showed a correlation with the presence of anxiety and depression. In the study group, no difference in tinnitus annoyance, anxiety, or depression was observed between patients with normal and altered OAE tests.ConclusionThis study showed altered OAE in patients with tinnitus and normal hearing. It also demonstrated a positive correlation between the annoyance of tinnitus and anxiety and depression in normal‐hearing patients.
Topiramate is likely to act outside of the trigeminocervical complex
Authors: Storer Robin J , Goadsby Peter J 
Published: January 2013

Background To facilitate understanding the locus and mechanism of action of antimigraine preventives, we examined the effect of topiramate on trigeminocervical activation in the cat. Methods Cats were anesthetized and physiologically monitored. Electrical stimulation of the superior sagittal sinus activated nociceptive trigeminovascular afferents. Extracellular recordings were made from neurons in the trigeminocervical complex. Results Microiontophoretically delivered topiramate, applied locally at the second order synapse of the trigeminovascular system in the trigeminocervical complex, produced significant inhibition of L-glutamate-evoked firing of neurons only at the highest microiontophoretic currents (27 ± 7% at −160 nA; p < 0.05, n = 14 cells), but did not inhibit firing of these neurons evoked by stimulation of the craniovascular afferents (2 ± 5%, p = 0.762, n = 13 cells). In contrast, systemically administered topiramate (30 mg/kg intravenously) partly inhibited this firing (32 ± 10% at 15 min; F5,35 = 3.5, p < 0.05, n = 8 cats). After this systemic administration, profound inhibition (70 ± 10%, p < 0.001, n = 7) of L-glutamate-evoked firing of cells in the trigeminocervical complex at the second order synapse of the trigeminovascular system was observed. Conclusions These data suggest that topiramate acts outside of the trigeminocervical complex in the cat. Determining the sites of action of preventive antimigraine treatments is crucial to developing laboratory models for the development of new therapeutics, and may vary between species.
Is β endorphin related to migraine headache and its relief?
Authors: Misra Usha K , Kalita Jayantee , Tripathi Gyanesh M , Bhoi Sanjeev K 
Published: January 2013

Background Low β endorphin level in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been reported in migraine. The basis of pain relief in migraine by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may be related to β endorphin (BE), which has not been evaluated. It is proposed to measure plasma β endorphin level in migraine patients and the change in β endorphin level following rTMS, and to correlate these changes with migraine relief. Methods Twenty-five patients with migraine diagnosed as per International Headache Society criteria and 20 gender- and age-matched controls were included. Their clinical characteristics including duration of migraine, its frequency, severity and functional disability, triggers, allodynia and number of analgesic used were noted. Plasma β endorphin level was estimated before and after the third rTMS session. rTMS was delivered on the hot spot of right abductor digiti minimi on alternate days for 3 days and each session consisted of 600 pulses at 10 Hz. The clinical response was noted weekly for 1 month and correlated with β endorphin level. Results The median age of the patients was 35 (20–50) years and 19 were females. Eight patients had episodic and 17 chronic migraine. β endorphin level was significantly lower in migraine (4.35 ± 2.29 ng/ml) compared to controls (6.68 ± 2.93 ng/ml). β endorphin level was lower in chronic compared to episodic migraine (3.74 ± 2.20 versus 5.65 ± 2.02 ng/ml). Following rTMS, the headache frequency, severity, functional disability and analgesic intake significantly reduced on the seventh day of rTMS and remained significant until the fourth week compared to the baseline. The clinical improvement was associated with increase in β endorphin level (4.35 ± 2.29 versus 6.58 ± 3.33 ng/ml). Conclusion It can be concluded from this study that the basal plasma β endorphin level was low in migraine patients, especially in chronic migraine. The improvement in migraine after rTMS was associated with increase in β endorphin level.
Stimulation of the sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) for cluster headache treatment. Pathway CH-1: A randomized, sham-controlled study
Authors: Schoenen Jean , Jensen Rigmor Højland , Lantéri-Minet Michel , Láinez Miguel JA , Gaul Charly , Goodman Amy M , Caparso Anthony , May Arne 
Published: January 2013

Background The pain and autonomic symptoms of cluster headache (CH) result from activation of the trigeminal parasympathetic reflex, mediated through the sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG). We investigated the safety and efficacy of on-demand SPG stimulation for chronic CH (CCH). Methods A multicenter, multiple CH attack study of an implantable on-demand SPG neurostimulator was conducted in patients suffering from refractory CCH. Each CH attack was randomly treated with full, sub-perception, or sham stimulation. Pain relief at 15 minutes following SPG stimulation and device- or procedure-related serious adverse events (SAEs) were evaluated. Findings Thirty-two patients were enrolled and 28 completed the randomized experimental period. Pain relief was achieved in 67.1% of full stimulation-treated attacks compared to 7.4% of sham-treated and 7.3% of sub-perception-treated attacks ( p < 0.0001). Nineteen of 28 (68%) patients experienced a clinically significant improvement: seven (25%) achieved pain relief in ≥50% of treated attacks, 10 (36%), a ≥50% reduction in attack frequency, and two (7%), both. Five SAEs occurred and most patients (81%) experienced transient, mild/moderate loss of sensation within distinct maxillary nerve regions; 65% of events resolved within three months. Interpretation On-demand SPG stimulation using the ATI Neurostimulation System is an effective novel therapy for CCH sufferers, with dual beneficial effects, acute pain relief and observed attack prevention, and has an acceptable safety profile compared to similar surgical procedures.
Phytochemical analysis of Convolvulus hystrix Vahl and its biological effects in rats
Authors: Rezq AM , Al-Malki Abdulrahman L , Refai Mohamed Y , Kumosani Taha A , Moselhy Said S 
Published: January 2013

“ Convolvulus hystrix Vahl” is a plant that has been known to Ancient Egyptians and to Arabs and its root was used traditionally as a purgative. Our attention was directed to the root bark as we observed that the largest part of the plant is deeply impeded underground. The work plan involved testing experimental animals for the influence of aqueous root bark extract on carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolisms as reflected on the growth and relevant laboratory metabolic assessment parameters. Proximate analysis showed high percentages of moisture (85%) and total lipids (7.2%) and surprising amounts of elements such as barium, strontium, rhodium and tellurium (1.7 mg, 3.1 mg, 8 mg and 9.1 mg/g ash, respectively). Random serum glucose value showed a significant decrease in the treated female group ( p < 0.05). Serum total proteins of treated female group were found to be increased significantly ( p < 0.001), while it was found to be decreased in the relevant treated male group ( p < 0.01), together with a significant decrease in blood urea nitrogen ( p < 0.05), with a significant increase in the serum creatinine ( p < 0.05). Concerning serum fat metabolic parameters, a significant decrease in the serum triglycerides and high-density lipoproteins ( p < 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively) were found. We concluded that the presence of huge amount of polyphenolics such as tannins is responsible for the overall results documented as growth retarding and antinutritional factors. The results were motivating and pointed out to the possible opening of vast areas of research in the field of natural products. We recommend a series of biochemical and pharmacological studies concerning different parts of the plant as well.
Dnmt3b is a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor gene in Myc-induced lymphomagenesis
Authors: Vasanthakumar Aparna , Lepore Janet B. , Zegarek Matthew H. , Kocherginsky Masha , Singh Mahi , Davis Elizabeth M. , Link Petra A. , Anastasi John , Le Beau Michelle M. , Karpf Adam R. , Godley Lucy A. 
Published: January 2013

Key Points
Dnmt3b acts as a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor in Myc-induced lymphomas.
NRP1 acts cell autonomously in endothelium to promote tip cell function during sprouting angiogenesis
Authors: Fantin Alessandro , Vieira Joaquim M. , Plein Alice , Denti Laura , Fruttiger Marcus , Pollard Jeffrey W. , Ruhrberg Christiana 
Published: January 2013

Key PointsNRP1 promotes brain angiogenesis cell autonomously in endothelium, independently of heterotypic interactions with nonendothelial cells. NRP1 plays a key role in endothelial tip rather than stalk cells during vessel sprouting in the brain.
The function of hematopoietic stem cells is altered by both genetic and inflammatory factors in lupus mice
Authors: Niu Haitao , Fang Guoqiang , Tang Yiting , Xie Luokun , Yang Huan , Morel Laurence , Diamond Betty , Zou Yong-Rui 
Published: January 2013

Key Points
Genetic lupus risk factors enhance HSC repopulation capacity. Inflammatory cytokines and HMGB1 in lupus mice modify HSC function.
Prostaglandin E2 regulates murine hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells directly via EP4 receptor and indirectly through mesenchymal progenitor cells
Authors: Ikushima Yoshiko Matsumoto , Arai Fumio , Hosokawa Kentaro , Toyama Hirofumi , Takubo Keiyo , Furuyashiki Tomoyuki , Narumiya Shuh , Suda Toshio 
Published: January 2013

Key Points
PGE2 signaling positively regulates hematopoietic stem cells both directly and via activation of a nonhematopoietic cell population. EP4 is a major receptor for the PGE2-mediated regulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.
Fetal origins of hematopoietic failure in a murine model of Fanconi anemia
Authors: Kamimae-Lanning Ashley N. , Goloviznina Natalya A. , Kurre Peter 
Published: January 2013

Key PointsFancc −/− mice experience previously unrecognized late gestational lethality. Fancc −/− fetal mouse hematopoiesis is quantitatively and qualitatively deficient.
The vascular permeabilizing factors histamine and serotonin induce angiogenesis through TR3/Nur77 and subsequently truncate it through thrombospondin-1
Authors: Qin Liuliang , Zhao Dezheng , Xu Jianfeng , Ren Xianghui , Terwilliger Ernest F. , Parangi Sareh , Lawler Jack , Dvorak Harold F. , Zeng Huiyan 
Published: January 2013

Key Points
Histamine and serotonin induce, but subsequently truncate, angiogenesis via a thrombspondin-1–mediated negative feedback loop.
Siglec-E is a negative regulator of acute pulmonary neutrophil inflammation and suppresses CD11b β2-integrin–dependent signaling
Authors: McMillan Sarah J. , Sharma Ritu S. , McKenzie Emma J. , Richards Hannah E. , Zhang Jiquan , Prescott Alan , Crocker Paul R. 
Published: January 2013

Key PointsFirst report describing in vivo function of siglec-E as a negative regulator of neutrophil recruitment in acute lung inflammation. Implications for the human functional ortholog, siglec-9, and its potential role in regulating inflammatory lung disease.
Rapid activation of monocyte tissue factor by antithymocyte globulin is dependent on complement and protein disulfide isomerase
Authors: Langer Florian , Spath Brigitte , Fischer Cornelia , Stolz Moritz , Ayuk Francis A. , Kröger Nicolaus , Bokemeyer Carsten , Ruf Wolfram 
Published: January 2013

Key PointsATG induces monocyte TF procoagulant activity dependent on complement activation but independent of de novo protein synthesis. TF decryption requires oxidation of cell surface PDI following C5 activation and phosphatidylserine membrane exposure following C7 insertion.
Overexpressed proprotein convertase 1/3 induces an epithelial-mesenchymal transition in airway epithelium
Authors: Lee Sang-Nam , Lee Da-Hyung , Sohn Myung Hyun , Yoon Joo-Heon 
Published: January 2013

The proprotein convertases (PCs) are serine proteases responsible for the proteolytic maturation of many precursor proteins involved in upper airway remodelling during nasal polyposis. We have previously found that PC1/3 is expressed in human nasal mucosa.However, whether PC1/3 is related to nasal polyp formation has not been investigated. To gain insight into the functional role of PC1/3 in nasal polyps, we determined PC1/3 expression in nasal polyps by immunostaining, Western blotting and enzyme assays and generated stable cells expressing PC1/3 using airway epithelial cell line NCI-H292.Nasal polyps exhibit increased PC1/3 expression compared to normal nasal mucosa. PC1/3 was expressed in neuroendocrine cells in normal nasal mucosa and it was also expressed in goblet and ciliated cells in nasal polyps. NCI-H292 cells stably expressing PC1/3 displayed morphological changes, enhanced cell proliferation and migration, downregulation of E-cadherin and cytokeratins and upregulation of N-cadherin, vimentin, matrix metalloproteinase-2, collagen-I, snail and twist. Importantly, PC1/3 expression was positively correlated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cultured human nasal epithelial cells and in nasal polyps.Taken together, our data suggest that PC1/3 overexpression induces morphological and phenotypic epithelial-mesenchymal transition changes of airway epithelial cells and these changes may contribute to the pathogenesis of nasal polyps.
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: animal models
Authors: Mercier Olaf , Fadel Elie 
Published: January 2013

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a life-threatening disease due to pulmonary artery obstruction by persistent organised clots related to one or more episodes of acute pulmonary embolism. To date, the pathogenesis of CTEPH remains unexplained. Pulmonary endarterectomy removes obstruction from pulmonary vessels and can cure patients. However, some unreachable distal pulmonary obstruction and/or associated distal pulmonary vasculopathy could induce persistent pulmonary hypertension, the main postoperative complication.The pathophysiology of CTEPH is not fully understood and improving knowledge of this disease could improve our future surgical and medical management. Many attempts, conducted over several decades, have failed to reproduce this chronic disease in animals. However, several animal models have provided insights into the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of CTEPH. Here, we review all the animal models that have improved the comprehension of CTEPH and hold promise for further investigations. This short review analyses strengths and weaknesses of all animal models available to study the pathophysiology of CTEPH.