bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhinolith with Nephrolithiasis following Prolonged use of Topiramate: A Rare Incidence
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar , Ravan Jayaprakash Russell , Acharya Ranjita 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT
Topiramate is a neuromodulatory drug widely used for refractory seizures, migraine and alcohol dependence. Chronic use of this medication can cause metabolic acidosis in patients secondary to inhibition of carbonic anhydrase. It impairs the normal compensatory drop in urine pH. These factors can lead to nephrolithiasis. Although it is difficult to get an exact mechanism for stone formation in other organ of the body, we report a case of topiramate-induced nephrolithiasis along with nasal stone which is rare in medical literature.

How to cite this article
Swain SK, Ravan JR, Acharya R. Rhinolith with Nephrolithiasis following Prolonged use of Topiramate: A Rare Incidence. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2013;6(2): 108-109.
Clinical Follow-up on Sagittal Fracture at the Temporal Root of the Zygomatic Arch: Does It Need Open Reduction?
Authors: Cheon Ji Seon , Seo Bin Na , Yang Jeong Yeol , Son Kyung Min 
Published: September 2013

Background The zygoma is a major portion of the midfacial contour. When deformity occurs in this area, a reduction should be conducted to correct it. If a sagittal fracture at the temporal root of the zygomatic arch occurs, this also requires reduction, but it is difficult to approach due to its anatomical location, and the possibility of fixation is also limited. Thus, the authors attempted the reduction of sagittal fracture by two- or three-point fixation and the Gillies approach without direct manipulation. The preoperative and postoperative results of the patients were evaluated. Follow-up was performed to establish a treatment guideline.
Methods A retrospective study was done with 40 patients who had sagittal fractures at the temporal root of the zygomatic arch from March 2009 to June 2012. Only two- or three-point fixation was performed for the accompanying zygomatic-orbital-maxillary fracture. The Gillies approach was used for complex fractures of the zygomatic arch, while the temporal root of the zygomatic arch was only observed without reduction. Preoperative and postoperative computed tomography and X-ray scans were performed to examine the results.
Results The result of the paired t-test on preoperative and postoperative bone gap differences, the depression level, and the degree of temporal protrusion showed a marked decrease in the mean difference at a 95% confidence interval. The results were acceptable.
Conclusions In the treatment of sagittal fractures at the temporal root of the zygomatic arch, it is acceptable to use indirect reduction and non-fixation methods. This leads to a satisfactory aesthetic and functional outcome.
Direct Brow Lift Combined with Suspension of the Orbicularis Oculi Muscle
Authors: Lee Jeong Woo , Cho Byung Chae , Lee Kyung Young 
Published: September 2013

Background Although the conventional direct brow lift operation provides a simple means of managing lateral brow ptosis, the scars produced have been unacceptable. However, using the modifications proposed here, scarring showed remarkable improvement. This article reviews our experiences with the presented technique, mainly with respect to postoperative scarring.
Methods Measured amounts of supra-eyebrow skin and subcutaneous fat were excised en bloc in the conventional manner under 'hyper-hydrated' local infiltration anesthesia. The lower flap and the edge of the upper flap were undermined above the muscular plane, and the orbicularis oculi muscle was directly suture-plicated and suspended upward to the distal frontalis muscle. Skin closure was performed in a basic plastic surgical manner.
Results From April 2007 to April 2012, a consecutive series of 60 patients underwent surgery using the above method. The average width of the excised skin was 8 mm (range, 5-15 mm) at the apex of the eyebrow. Preoperative complaints were resolved without occurrence of significant complications. The surgical scars showed remarkable improvement and were negligible in the majority of the cases.
Conclusions The direct brow lift operation combined with plication/suspension of the superior and lateral portion of the orbicularis oculi muscle provides a simple, safe, and predictable means of correcting lateral brow ptosis. The scars were acceptable to all of the patients. For proper management of the frontalis tone, upper blepharoplasty and/or repair of eyelid levator function must be considered in addition to brow lift procedures.
L-Shaped Columellar Strut in East Asian Nasal Tip Plasty
Authors: Dhong Eun-Sang , Kim Yeon-Jun , Suh Man Koon 
Published: September 2013

Background Nasal tip support is an essential consideration for rhinoplasty in East Asians. There are many techniques to improve tip projection, and among them, the columellar strut is the most popular technique. However, the conventional design is less supportive for rotating the tip. The amount of harvestable septal cartilage is relatively small in East Asians. For an optimal outcome, we propose an L-shaped design for applying the columellar strut.
Methods To evaluate the anthropometric outcomes, the change in nasal tip projection and the columella-labial angle were analyzed by comparing preoperative and postoperative photographs. The anthropometric study group consisted of 25 patients who underwent the same operative technique of an L-shaped strut graft using septal cartilage and were followed up for more than 9 months.
Results There were statistically significant differences between the preoperative and postoperative values in the nasal tip projection ratio and columella-labial angle. We did not observe any complications directly related to the L-shaped columellar strut in the anthropometric study group.
Conclusions The L-shaped columellar strut has advantages not only in the controlling of tip projection and rotation, but in that it needs a smaller amount of cartilage compared to the conventional septal extension graft. It can therefore be an alternative technique for nasal tip plasty when there is an insufficient amount of harvestable septal cartilage.
Anaemia and zidovudine‐containing antiretroviral therapy in paediatric antiretroviral programmes in the IeDEA Paediatric West African Database to evaluate AIDS
Authors: Renner Lorna A , Dicko Fatoumata , Kouéta Fla , Malateste Karen , Gueye Ramatoulaye D , Aka Edmond , Eboua Tanoh K , Azondékon Alain , Okomo Uduok , Touré Pety , Ekouévi Didier , Leroy Valeriane ,   IeDEA West Africa Paediatric Collaboration
Published: September 2013

IntroductionThere is a risk of anaemia among HIV‐infected children on antiretroviral therapy (ART) containing zidovudine (ZDV) recommended in first‐line regimens in the WHO guidelines. We estimated the risk of severe anaemia after initiation of a ZDV‐containing regimen in HIV‐infected children included in the IeDEA West African database.MethodsStandardized collection of data from HIV‐infected children (positive PCR<18 months or positive serology ≥18 months) followed up in HIV programmes was included in the regional IeDEA West Africa collaboration. Ten clinical centres from seven countries contributed (Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Mali and Senegal) to this collection. Inclusion criteria were age <16 years and starting ART. We explored the data quality of haemoglobin documentation over time and the incidence and predictors of severe anaemia (Hb<7g/dL) per 100 child‐years of follow‐up over the duration of first‐line antiretroviral therapy.ResultsAs of December 2009, among the 2933 children included in the collaboration, 45% were girls, median age was five years; median CD4 cell percentage was 13%; median weight‐for‐age z‐score was −2.7; and 1772 (60.4%) had a first‐line ZDV‐containing regimen. At baseline, 70% of the children with a first‐line ZDV‐containing regimen had a haemoglobin measure available versus 76% in those not on ZDV (p≤0.01): the prevalence of severe anaemia was 3.0% (n=38) in the ZDV group versus 10.2% (n=89) in those without (p<0. 01). Over the first‐line follow‐up, 58.9% of the children had ≥1 measure of haemoglobin available in those exposed to ZDV versus 60.4% of those not (p=0.45). Severe anaemia occurred in 92 children with an incidence of 2.47 per 100 child‐years of follow‐up in those on a ZDV‐containing regimen versus 4.25 in those not (p≤0.01). Adjusted for age at ART initiation and first‐line regimen, a weight‐for‐age z‐score ≤−3 was a strong predictor associated with a 5.59 times risk of severe anaemia (p<0.01).ConclusionsSevere anaemia is frequent at baseline and guides the first‐line ART prescription, but its incidence seems rare among children on ART. Severe malnutrition at baseline is a strong predictor for development of severe anaemia, and interventions to address this should form an integral component of clinical care.
Evaluating the Morbidity and Efficacy of Reoperative Surgery in the Central Compartment for Persistent/Recurrent Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Lang Brian Hung‐Hin , Lee George C. C. , Ng Cathy P. C. , Wong Kai Pun , Wan Koon Yat , Lo Chung‐Yau 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackground
Although reoperative surgery in the central compartment (RCND) is indicated for bulky or progressive persistent/recurrent papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), its associated morbidity and disease outcomes remain unclear. We evaluated RCND outcomes by comparing them with those of patients who underwent primary central neck dissection (CND).MethodsAfter matching for age, sex, tumor size, and initial tumor stage, the morbidity and outcomes of 50 consecutive patients who underwent RCND were compared with data from 75 patients who underwent primary therapeutic CND during the same period. Matching was performed blind to the morbidity and disease outcome of each patient. A stimulated thyroglobulin (sTg) <2 ng/ml was considered undetectable.ResultsRelative to primary CND, the incidence of extranodal extension (p = 0.010) and size of metastatic lymph nodes (p < 0.001) were significantly greater in the RCND group. Postoperative hypoparathyroidism and vocal cord palsy rates were comparable in the groups. There were two esophageal injuries in the RCND group and none in the primary CND group. The secondary CND group achieved a significantly lower undetectable postablation sTg rate (12.0 vs. 52.0 %, p = 0.001) and worse 10‐year disease‐free survival (35.6 vs. 91.8 %, p = 0.001) and cancer‐specific survival (82.0 vs. 98.5 %, p = 0.001) than the primary CND group.ConclusionsAlthough RCND for persistent/recurrent PTC was performed with morbidity comparable to that seen with primary CND, it was associated with some serious complications. Short‐ and long‐term disease control appeared moderate with approximately one‐tenth of patients having an undetectable sTg level 6 months after ablation and one‐third remaining clinically disease‐free after 10 years.
Prognostic Significance of MicroRNA‐16 Expression in Human Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Qian Jun , Jiang Bin , Li Min , Chen Juan , Fang Mingzhi 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundMicroRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNAs, have been reported to be highly involved in the formation and progression of all types of human cancer including colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, miRNAs are also potential prognostic biomarkers in CRC patients. The aim of this study was to detect the expression of miR‐16 in human CRC tissues and investigate its clinicopathologic or prognostic significance.MethodsTaqMan quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) assay was performed to determine the expression of miR‐16 in 143 primary CRC tissues and 18 corresponding normal colonic mucosa from patients who had undergone surgery. The association of miR‐16 expression with clinicopathologic features of CRC patients was statistically analyzed. Kaplan–Meier analyses were used to assess patient survival. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were performed.ResultsThe relative level of miR‐16 in 18 CRC tissues was significantly lower than that in corresponding normal colonic mucosa (p < 0.001). Statistical analyses revealed that the status of miR‐16 expression was closely associated with tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, L category, V category, TNM stage, and tumor recurrence of CRC (p = 0.001, 0.003, 0.001, 0.005, 0.003, and 0.017, respectively). Kaplan–Meier analyses indicated that patients with low‐miR‐16 had lower 5‐year overall survival than those with high‐miR‐16 (31.2 vs. 58.3 %; p = 0.0012). Multivariate Cox regression analyses indicated that the status of miR‐16 expression might be an independent prognostic factor for CRC patients (hazard ratio 1.67; 95 % confidence interval 1.22–2.54; p = 0.018).ConclusionsDown‐regulation of miR‐16 plays critical roles in CRC progression. Low miR‐16 expression is an independent factor predicting a poor prognosis for CRC patients.
Defining Engagement in Adolescent Substance Abuse Treatment
Authors: Pullmann Michael D. , Ague Starcia , Johnson Tamara , Lane Stephanie , Beaver Kevon , Jetton Elizabeth , Rund Evangejalynn 
Published: September 2013

AbstractYouth engagement in substance use treatment is an important construct for research and practice, but it has been thinly and inconsistently defined in the literature. Most research has measured engagement by initiation, attendance, and retention in treatment. Because youth generally enter substance use treatment as a result of compliance with external requirements, defining engagement in this way might be insufficient. This qualitative participatory research study describes five focus groups with 31 adults working with youth in substance use treatment. Focus groups were designed and conducted by youth researchers in collaboration with university‐based partners. We categorized participants’ descriptions of engagement into five domains, identified as “CARES”: Conduct, Attitudes, Relationships, Empowerment, and Social Context. These domains represent a comprehensive and ecologically‐based definition of engagement that situates engagement in the context and trajectory of youth development, has clear implications for assertive clinical practice, and provides a foundation for developing an operationalized measure.
Maleinization of Soybean Oil Glycerides Obtained from Biodiesel‐Derived Crude Glycerol
Authors: Echeverri David A. , Perez William A. , Rios Luis A. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractGlycerides obtained from the glycerolysis of soybean oil with crude glycerol were acylated with maleic anhydride at 80–100 °C. Both uncatalyzed and catalyzed reactions with 2‐methylimidazole (2‐MI) were evaluated. Formation of maleated glycerides was confirmed by 1H‐NMR and FTIR analyses. Consumption of maleic anhydride as a function of time was followed by acid value titration. High conversion (ca. 95 %) of hydroxyl groups was obtained at 90 °C in 60 min without catalyst. Under these conditions, a product with 1.9 maleate moieties per glyceride molecule was obtained. Catalyzed reactions afforded lower conversions of hydroxyl groups and lower maleate yields compared to uncatalyzed reactions.
Internalizing symptoms and rumination: The prospective prediction of familial and peer emotional victimization experiences during adolescence
Authors: Shapero Benjamin G. , Hamilton Jessica L. , Liu Richard T. , Abramson Lyn Y. , Alloy Lauren B. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAdolescence is marked by increases in stressful life events. Although research has demonstrated that depressed individuals generate stress, few studies investigate the generation of emotional victimization. The current study examined the effects of rumination and internalizing symptoms on experiences of peer victimization and familial emotional abuse.Participants were 216 adolescents (M = 14‐years‐old; 58% female; 47% African–American) who completed two assessments. Results showed that rumination predicted peer victimization and emotional abuse. The effect of rumination on emotional victimization is heightened for those who have higher levels of depression symptoms. That is, individuals who ruminate and who have depression symptoms experience increases in both peer emotional victimization and parental emotional abuse.This study builds upon prior research and indicates that rumination may be a stronger predictor of emotional victimization than symptoms of depression or anxiety. Identifying underlying mechanisms may yield targets for interventions aimed at addressing the chronic nature of depression.
The Influence of Private Labels on Retailer Cooperation
Authors: Zippel Christian , Wilkinson John , Vogler Thomas 
Published: September 2013

Retailers’ private labels are unlike normal competitors to manufacturers’ national brands. From a channel viewpoint, retailers’ private labels do not merely compete on a horizontal level with manufacturers’ national brands. Competition between national brands and private labels also influences the vertical channel relationships between manufacturers and retailers, potentially reducing the level of cooperation manufacturers can obtain from retailers with respect to their national brands. In contrast to recent studies focusing on the influence of private labels on store image, success factors of private labels, and the marketing approaches by manufacturers in response to that success, this exploratory study examines the influence of retailers’ private labels on the level of cooperation between manufacturers and large retail chains. Surprisingly, preliminary results suggest that private labels can have a positive effect on cooperation in some situations and may offer manufacturers an opportunity to increase the level of cooperation obtained from retailers.
A comparative study of the neuropsychiatric and neurocognitive phenotype in two microdeletion syndromes: Velocardiofacial (22q11.2 deletion) and Williams (7q11.23 deletion) syndromes
Authors: Zarchi O. , Diamond A. , Weinberger R. , Abbott D. , Carmel M. , Frisch A. , Michaelovsky E. , Gruber R. , Green T. , Weizman A. , Gothelf D. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractPurpose:22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) and Williams syndrome (WS) are common neurogenetic microdeletion syndromes. The aim of the present study was to compare the neuropsychiatric and neurocognitive phenotypes of 22q11.2DS and WS.Methods:Forty-five individuals with 22q11.2DS, 24 with WS, 22 with idiopathic developmental disability (DD) and 22 typically developing (TD) controls were compared for the rates of psychiatric disorders as well as cognitive executive and visuospatial functions.Results:We found that while anxiety, mood and disruptive disorders had an equally high prevalence among individuals with 22q11.2DS, WS and DDs, the 22q11.2DS group had the highest rates of psychotic disorders and the WS group had the highest rates of specific phobia. We also found that the WS group demonstrated more severe impairments in both executive and visuospatial functions than the other groups. WS and 22q11.2DS subjects had worse Performance-IQ than Verbal-IQ, a feature typical of non-verbal learning disorders.Conclusion:These findings offer a wide perspective on unique versus common phenotypes in 22q11.2DS and WS.
Improving global accountability: The ICC and nonviolent crimes against humanity
Authors: ALOYO EAMON 
Published: September 2013

AbstractScholars have proposed a number of different ways to improve global accountability, but none has adequately addressed how individuals who commit widespread or systematic nonviolent wrongs can be held to account. I argue that for moral reasons individuals should be held accountable for nonviolent crimes against humanity and that an existing legal institution, the International Criminal Court (ICC), has the authority to prosecute such crimes. The ICC’s prosecutor should start exercising this legal authority because widespread or systematic nonviolent harms can be just as morally wrong as violent ones. What matters on my account is the gravity of a wrong, not whether it was committed violently or nonviolently. I situate these arguments in contemporary discussions of accountability, and provide evidence that individuals can cause widespread or systematic nonviolent harms that meet the legal definition of a crime against humanity in the Rome Statute, the ICC’s foundational document.
Genome-wide mapping of gene–microbiota interactions in susceptibility to autoimmune skin blistering
Authors: Srinivas Girish , Möller Steffen , Wang Jun , Künzel Sven , Zillikens Detlef , Baines John F. , Ibrahim Saleh M. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractSusceptibility to chronic inflammatory diseases is determined by immunogenetic and environmental risk factors. Resident microbial communities often differ between healthy and diseased states, but whether these differences are of primary aetiological importance or secondary to the altered inflammatory environment remains largely unknown. Here we provide evidence for host gene–microbiota interactions contributing to disease risk in a mouse model of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, an autoantibody-induced inflammatory skin disease. Using an advanced intercross, we identify genetic loci contributing to skin microbiota variability, susceptibility to skin blistering and their overlap. Furthermore, by treating bacterial species abundances as covariates with disease we reveal a novel disease locus. The majority of the identified covariate taxa are characterized by reduced abundance being associated with increased disease risk, providing evidence of a primary role in protection from disease. Further characterization of these putative probiotic species or species assemblages offers promising potential for preventative and therapeutic treatment development.
Artificial Cilia
Authors:   Royal Society of Chemistry
Published: September 2013

Natural cilia are tiny hairs on cells which have generated and sensed fluid flow in biological systems for billions of years. Mimicking this action in artificial systems presents interesting opportunities for flow control in lab-on-a-chip devices. Research into this field began almost a decade ago, and this book presents the state-of-the-art in this rapidly developing field of research inspired by nature.
Establishing a link between nature and technology is a major attraction to those entering the field, which encompasses materials, processing, fluid mechanics, fluid-structure interaction, and biomedical applications. Artificial Cilia will appeal to anyone working in these areas and presents beautiful examples of how a biological system can form the successful basis for research and technical applications.
The editors have been pioneers in the field since establishing a major European project on artificial cilia in 2005, and they are joined by leading experts from across the globe in presenting a comprehensive digest of this exciting new technology.