bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-Declaration of Diabetes and Factors Associated with Having Regular Eye Examinations among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Turkey
Authors: Dadaci Zeynep , Acir Nursen Oncel , Borazan Mehmet 
Published: January 2015

Purpose To assess the awareness of diabetic retinopathy (DR), decided by self-declaration of diabetes, and the factors associated with having regular eye examinations among patients with type 2 diabetes in Turkey. Methods Between January and June 2014, 3322 adult patients attending an outpatient ophthalmology clinic were screened and 160 patients with type 2 diabetes with a known duration of at least 5 years were included. All patients were asked for their complaints and self-declaration of diabetes was noted. A questionnaire including questions about demographic characteristics, disease process, and follow-up was applied to responders, and all patients underwent a detailed ophthalmologic examination with dilation. Results A total of 31.9% of the patients self-declared that they had diabetes and/or requested examination for DR. A total of 29.4% reported that they had regular eye examinations. In regression analyses, factors associated with having regular eye examination were longer duration of diabetes (odds ratio [OR] 2.42; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-5.8; p = 0.049), insulin use (OR 4.45; 95% CI 1.7-10.7; p = 0.001), and self-declaration of diabetes (OR 8.16; 95% CI 3.5-19.2; p<0.001). Conclusions The rates of self-declaration of diabetes and having regular eye examinations among patients with type 2 diabetes are low in Turkey. All adults undergoing an eye examination should be questioned for diabetes. Education of both patients with diabetes and the health care stuff dealing with them could improve the rates of patients having regular eye examinations and enhance the early detection of DR.
The Influence of a Prolonged Interoperative Period on Binocular Vision after Bilateral Cataract Extractions
Authors: Loba Piotr , Rajska Kinga , Simiera Justyna , Wilczynski Michal , Omulecki Wojciech , Broniarczyk-Loba Anna 
Published: January 2015

Purpose To evaluate the influence of the extent of the interoperative period on binocular vision function in patients after consecutive bilateral cataract extractions and intraocular lens implantation. Methods The study included patients operated due to bilateral cataract. Presence of asthenopic symptoms, distance and near squint angle, fusional amplitudes, stereopsis, and convergence were evaluated. Preoperative, interoperative, and postoperative differences in best-corrected visual acuity between eyes were also noted. Multivariate analysis was conducted in order to establish the relation between the interoperative period and binocular status. Results The study included 104 patients (74 female, 30 male, mean age 69.9 years, range 32-88). Mean interoperative period was 20.3 ± 12.9 months, range 1.5-47.7. Prolongation of the interoperative interval had a significant negative impact on stereopsis measured by TNO ( R2 = 0.215, p = 0.001) and Randot ( R2 = 0.179, p = 0.001) stereotests, as well as for near point of convergence ( R2 = 0.09, p = 0.002). It was also related, but not independently, to reduction in fusional amplitudes, mainly for distance ( R2 = 0.18, p = 0.001 for divergence and R2 = 0.12, p = 0.001 for convergence). Asthenopic symptoms were reported by 17 (16.3%) patients. The incidence of exophoria was significantly (p = 0.002) higher in patients with an interoperative interval longer than 24 months. Conclusions The length of the interoperative period influences the status of binocular vision in patients after bilateral cataract extraction. It is also connected with an increased number of patients with asthenopic symptoms and exophoria.
The Evolution of the Trunnion
Authors: Rajpura Asim , Board Timothy N 
Published: January 2015

Implant modularity has recently come under increasing scrutiny due to concerns regarding wear, corrosion and potential adverse reactions to metal debris. This review outlines the evolution and development of the femoral stem trunnion and relates this to contemporary issues now encountered. Despite different manufacturers producing what appear to be similar trunnion designs, there is still a lack of standardisation, with small but significant design variations. Wear and corrosion is certainly not a new phenomenon, but recent changes in design and the use of larger metal head sizes has potentially made the problem more prevalent. These issues along with steps to avoid these problems are discussed.
Evaluation of a Polynephron Dialysis Membrane considering New Aspects of Biocompatibility
Authors: Martínez-Miguel Patricia , de Sequera Patricia , Albalate Marta , Medrano Diana , Sánchez-Villanueva Rafael , Molina Alvaro , Sousa Fernando , Benito Jesús , Nuñez Jesús , Vozmediano Carmen , Aragoncillo Inés , Barril Guillermina , Rodríguez-Puyol Diego , Pérez-García Rafael , López-Ongil Susana 
Published: January 2015

Purpose The biocompatibility of dialyzers may influence the inflammatory state of hemodialysis patients. This study compares the effect of a high-flux polynephron membrane with other high-flux membranes, helixone and polyamide, on some inflammation biomarkers based on the analysis of circulating mononuclear cells (MC). Methods The study included 47 patients on hemodialysis with helixone and polyamide; 9 formed the control group, without changes in their dialyzers throughout the study, and 38 formed the intervention group, in which their dialyzers were replaced by polynephron. In both groups, blood samples were taken at the beginning of the study before and after hemodialysis session, and at the end of the study 4 months later. In each extraction, biochemical parameters were determined, and MC isolated using Ficoll gradient. Production of reactive oxygen species and the percentage of activated MC (CD14+CD16+) were measured by flow cytometry, and protein levels of heat-shock proteins (Hsp70/Hsp90) studied by Western blot. Results After 1 hemodialysis session with different membranes, no significant differences were observed in the different parameters considered. After 4 months of dialysis with polynephron, a significant reduction in the percentage of CD14+CD16+ and in the β2-microglobulin reduction ratio were found, with respect to helixone and polyamide, without changes in the other parameters analyzed. Conclusions The use of polynephron for 4 months reduces the percentage of CD14+CD16+ compared to helixone and polyamide, suggesting a better profile regarding activation of the inflammatory response. These findings could be explained by a better biocompatibility or an increased reduction of medium-sized toxic molecules.
A Comparison of Silicone and Polyurethane PICC Lines and Postinsertion Complication Rates: A Systematic Review
Authors: Seckold Tammy , Walker Sandra , Dwyer Trudy 
Published: January 2015

Purpose To determine postinsertion complication rate for peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs), in particular the difference between silicone and polyurethane lines in general population groups as well as oncology and non-oncology patient groups. Methods A systematic review of prospective and retrospective studies in the English language between January 2000 and October 2013 focusing on postinsertion complication rates for PICCs in the adult population. Joanna Briggs Institute tools were used to extract data from the final 19 articles with information collated relating to catheter type, patient type, overall complication rate, rates of infection, occlusion, dislodgment, phlebitis, thrombus and rupture. Results Overall, the PICCs complication rates ranged from 8 to 50%. Although both lines saw similar overall rates upon closer observation, the strengths and weaknesses of both lines are shown. Polyurethane PICC lines were found to provide lower rates of infection, dislodgment, thrombus and rupture complications. Mixed results were found with catheter line occlusions, overall averages showing polyurethane lines slightly higher rates than silicone. Oncology patients however saw opposite results. Phlebitis rates saw the largest division among the postinsertion complication rates, with 6.7% more phlebitis in the general patient group and 14.5% in the oncology group more for those with polyurethane PICC lines compared with the silicone. Conclusions Both silicone and polyurethane PICC lines exhibit nearly identical overall average postinsertion compilation rates; however, it is the type of complications experienced that differ. Overall, oncology patients can expect to experience higher levels of postinsertion complications.
Efficacy and Ease of Use of an Intravenous Catheter Designed to Prevent Blood Leakage: A Prospective Observational Trial
Authors: Haeseler Gertrud , Hildebrand Monika , Fritscher Joachim 
Published: January 2015

Purpose Conventional safety intravenous (IV) catheters prevent blood exposure during catheter placement but blood leakage from the unconnected catheter still frequently occurs. In the current study a new safety IV catheter equipped with a blood leakage control septum was assessed under routine clinical conditions. Methods This prospective observational trial was conducted at the KKRN (Katholisches Klinikum Ruhrgebiet Nord), Germany, September/October 2012. Peripheral IV access was established in presurgical patients using either the investigational (“IS3”) or a conventional safety IV catheter (“IS”). Incidence of blood leakage during placement and subsequent (dis-)connection procedures, duration of placement as well as handling conditions were compared. Results A total of 200 IV accesses were established (n(IS3) = 102 and n(IS) = 98). Blood leakage during catheter placement (4.9% (IS3) vs. 61.2% (IS); p<0.001) and blood contaminations (3.9% (IS3) vs. 14.3% (IS); p = 0.01) were significantly reduced for IS3. All blood leakages observed with IS3 were due to improper technique. No blood leakage occurred during repeated (dis-)connections of IS3 (blood leakage IS: 74%). Using IS3, vein compression was not required (no compression: 98%) and duration of catheter placement was significantly shorter ( t(IS3) = 69.6 ± 22.4 s vs. t(IS) = 85.2 ± 28.2 s; p<0.001). Conclusions The investigational IV catheter effectively prevented blood leakage, thereby reducing contamination risk and workload associated with cleaning. Omission of vein compression facilitated and shortened IV catheter placement.
Pennsylvania's Past from a Unique Perspective:
Authors: Johansen Mary Carroll 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
An oral history project as part of a course on the history of Pennsylvania offers students an opportunity to connect to the history of their communities, make tangible the topics that we study in class, and provide documentation of a person, place, event, or community that might otherwise be lost. To be successful, students need to learn how to research their topic, work with recording equipment, conduct a pre-interview, structure an interview, ask open and closed questions, and transcribe an interview. While a challenging and time-consuming assignment, the oral history project is often the aspect of the course that students find most rewarding, as it offers them an opportunity to record a family member's story, to learn about an aspect of local history, or to make a contribution to the history of a neighborhood or organization. Reviewing my students’ work is also one of my favorite aspects of the course; it gives me added insight into the lives of the people of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the recent history of the state. Supplemental resources are posted on the journals’ web pages.
Teaching the Religious History of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia
Authors: Hanson R. Scott 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
Until 2006, when faculty in the Departments of History and Religion at Temple University designed the course Religion in Philadelphia, no university in Pennsylvania offered a course specifically on the religious history of the state. The following essay outlines the rationale for a course on religion in Philadelphia, the issues involved with teaching such a course, available texts and resources, and possible field trips and assignments. It also describes how the course has been adapted for online instruction and suggests how part(s) of it might be used in a more general course on the history of Pennsylvania or American religious history.
The Blood Demonstration:
Authors: Gallon Kim 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
Despite a growing body of scholarship that documents civil rights activism in the North during the 1950s and 1960s, college educators continue to rely on traditional understandings of African Americans’ struggle for civil rights as being rooted in the South. Moreover, history professors continue to privilege a male-centered narrative that tends to define the civil rights movement through mass marches and protests. In an effort to challenge this pedagogy, this article describes a method for teaching the history of women's role in the struggle for social justice in the 1960s through their participation in the Philadelphia Welfare Rights Organization (PWRO). Through the use of primary sources such as the Philadelphia Tribune and the PWRO's newsletter along with secondary sources such as Lisa Levenstein's A Movement Without Marches, this article offers a way to expand and complicate students’ understanding of the civil rights and women's movements of the late twentieth century. Just as importantly, it assists teachers in stressing the significance of African American women's fight for equality in Pennsylvania history. Supplemental resources are posted on the journals’ web pages.
Alledaags postmodernisme; De gezagscrisis van de hedendaagse wetenschap
Authors: Houtman Dick , Aupers Stef , Achterberg Peter 
Published: January 2015

Alledaags postmodernisme; De gezagscrisis van de hedendaagse wetenschap
In deze bijdrage plaatsen we de gezagscrisis van de hedendaagse wetenschap in cultuur en politiek in een breder, cultuursociologisch perspectief.
Goed opdrachtnemer/-geverschap in de ZonMw-praktijk
Authors: Reijmerink Wendy 
Published: January 2015

Goed opdrachtnemer/-geverschap in de ZonMw-praktijk
Deze bijdrage gaat over goed opdrachtnemer/-geverschap bij beleidsgericht onderzoek in de gezondheidszorg. De constatering luidt dat de relatie tussen kennisvrager/opdrachtgever en kennisaanbieder/opdrachtnemer vaak spanningsvol is. Aan de hand van de werkpraktijk van kennisprogrammeur ZonMw wordt beschreven onder welke voorwaarden de kans op bruikbaarheid en gebruik van kennis zo groot mogelijk is. Daarbij geldt goede interactie tussen onderzoekers en kennisgebruikers in beleid of praktijk als de meest kritische succesfactor. In essentie komt goed opdrachtnemerschap neer op de gedragslijn: ken uw opdrachtgever; het gevraagde mag niet onbekend zijn. Goed opdrachtgeverschap komt in essentie neer op de complementaire gedragslijn: duidelijk formuleren wat je verlangt; het onbekende mag niet worden gevraagd.
Remote Sensing as Community Settlement Analysis at Moundville
Authors: Davis Jera R. , Walker Chester P. , Blitz John H. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractRemote sensing has revolutionized procedures for locating buried features at archaeological sites in eastern North America. However, the potential of instruments such as gradiometers to shape innovative research in ways that move beyond survey and testing is not always realized in practice. At the Mississippian site of Moundville, Alabama, we conducted a landscape-scale geophysical survey to serve as the guiding method of community settlement analysis. First, we mapped the distribution of magnetic anomalies across the site. Next, we defined the variability of anomalies and selected a sample for test excavations to correlate specific anomaly shapes and amplitudes with specific cultural features. Once confirmed as cultural features, we extrapolated sample results to identify unexcavated anomalies as specific building forms and other features with a higher degree of probability than would have been possible without confirmation by test excavation. Results include the identification and mapping of over 450 unexcavated probable buildings, nearly five times the number previously discovered in decades of traditional excavation. Because the buried probable buildings have different forms, sizes, distributions, and chronological spans, the interpreted gradiometer map is transformed through interpretation from a static palimpsest of anomalies to a picture of changing community settlement organization.
Interior Carbonization Patterns as Evidence of Ritual Drink Preparation in Powell Plain and Ramey Incised Vessels
Authors: Miller Jessica R. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPowell Plain and Ramey Incised jars are considered to be hallmarks of the Mississippian period at Cahokia, but the actual function of the vessels has not been adequately addressed. This study sought to determine the typical use of both vessel types as indicated by carbonization present on the interior and exterior of the vessel surfaces. Traces of carbonization were identified, and distinct patterns were correlated with cooking behavior. Interior carbonization patterns were the most telling, indicating the preparation of beverages or medicines using a cooking process called “decoction.” In combination with the ceremonial nature of the vessels, the jars with discernible use-alteration evidence indicate that both vessel types were employed almost exclusively for the purpose of ritual drink preparation.
The Lives of Painted Bowls at Ancestral Pueblos in East-Central Arizona
Authors: Keuren Scott Van , Cameron Grace E. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe appearance of iconographic-style pottery at fourteenth-century Pueblo villages in east-central Arizona marked an important shift in the decoration of pottery. These polychrome containers were painted with elaborate imagery that contrasts with earlier geometric-style traditions. Remarkably, though the type was circulated and copied throughout the region, we still know very little about how it was used. This paper addresses that issue by analyzing surface abrasions on a large corpus of White Mountain Red Ware whole vessels. Our research not only examines changes in the uses of Ancestral Pueblo ceramics during the late prehispanic period, but underscores the importance of use-alteration studies to interpreting the biographies of ancient objects.
Labor Costs for Prehistoric Earthwork Construction: Experimental and Archaeological Insights from the Lower Yangzi Basin, China
Authors: Xie Liye , Kuhn Steven L. , Sun Guoping , Olsen John W. , Zheng Yunfei , Ding Pin , Zhao Ye 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis paper examines choices of earth-working tools made by Neolithic Chinese populations. In the Hemudu Culture (7000–5000 B.P.), bone (scapula) digging tools were used from the earliest times, whereas peoples in surrounding areas used stone spades. A range of experiments on manufacturing costs, durability, and use efficiency under realistic conditions show that bone and stone spades are functionally equivalent when soils are soft, but that stone implements provide significant and easily perceived advantages when working harder soils. The persistence of scapular spades in the Hemudu Culture would have constrained decisions about undertaking large construction projects under normal soil conditions. Our results show that, in addition to generalized labor for construction, labor demands for producing earth-working implements for large-scale prehistoric earthworks could have also been substantial. These findings not only help explain the processes of intensifying rice-agriculture and sedentary settlements in the Lower Yangzi Basin, but also create a solid foundation for further investigation of how the recruitment of both generalized and specialized laborers, the organization of craft production, and the relevant logistics for large-scale earthworks may have paralleled concentrations of political power in prehistory.
Benthic Macroinvertebrate and Chemical Assessment of Water Quality in Relation to the Shope Creek Trout Farm
Authors: Creech Elizabeth C. , Brenner Mark V. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
North Carolina is the second largest commercial producer of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, in the United States, yet few studies have measured the effects of trout farm effluent on regional water bodies. Our objective was to assess water quality directly upstream and downstream of a low-production rainbow trout farm located on Shope Creek, a second-order stream in western North Carolina, using both biological and chemical assessment methods. Benthic macroinvertebrates were collected upstream and downstream of the trout farm annually from 2009 to 2011 using Hester-Dendy samplers. Organisms were identified to family and compared using the Family Level Biotic Index. We found no significant difference between mean upstream and downstream index values, suggesting no negative impacts of trout farm effluent on the macroinvertebrate community. Water samples were collected from each site on four days over a two month period, with three subsamples taken per site, per day. There were no significant differences between mean ammonia or phosphate levels upstream or downstream of the trout farm. While biochemical oxygen demand levels were significantly higher at the downstream site, this increase did not appear to affect the macroinvertebrate community. Between 2009 and 2011 the Shope Creek trout farm produced approximately 500 kg of fish annually. This is much lower than average annual regional trout farm production rates of 34,000 kg of fish, which likely accounts for the minimal impacts observed in this study.
Metabolism of Xenobiotics by Aldehyde Oxidase
Authors: Dalvie Deepak , Zientek Michael 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAldehyde oxidase (AO) is a cytosolic molybdoflavoprotein whose contribution to the metabolism and clearance of xenobiotics‐containing heterocyclic rings has attracted increased interest in recent years. This unit details methods for identification and confirmation of AO as a metabolic pathway as well as a method for estimating clearance of compounds that are AO substrates. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Methods to Measure Olfactory Behavior in Mice
Authors: Zou Junhui , Wang Wenbin , Pan Yung‐Wei , Lu Song , Xia Zhengui 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMice rely on the sense of olfaction to detect food sources, recognize social and mating partners, and avoid predators. Many behaviors of mice, including learning and memory, social interaction, fear, and anxiety are closely associated with their function of olfaction, and behavior tasks designed to evaluate those brain functions may use odors as cues. Accurate assessment of olfaction is not only essential for the study of olfactory system but also critical for proper interpretation of various mouse behaviors, especially learning and memory, emotionality and affect, and sociality. Here we describe a series of behavior experiments that offer multidimensional and quantitative assessments for mouse olfactory function, including olfactory habituation, discrimination, odor preference, odor detection sensitivity, and olfactory memory, with respect to both social and nonsocial odors. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The robust adaptive control of chaotic systems with unknown parameters and external disturbance via a scalar input
Authors: Luo Runzi 
Published: February 2015

SummaryThis paper investigates the control of chaotic systems in the presence of unknown parameters, model uncertainties, and external disturbance. We first discuss the control of a class of chaotic systems and then investigate the control of general chaotic systems. Based on the adaptive control scheme, some novel criteria are proposed via a backstepping‐like procedure. As an example, the control of the Zhang hyperchaotic system is investigated via a single input. Some numerical simulations are given to demonstrate the robustness and efficiency of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.