bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A perspective on role of calcium and vitamin D in cardiovascular outcomes and lipid profile
Authors: Arora Tarun , Rehan Harmeet Singh 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Recent concerns on increased incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke on administration of calcium and vitamin D supplements have alarmed the physicians about safety of these drugs. Although both calcium and vitamin D have been shown in the past to have beneficial effect on cardiovascular disease status through lowering of harmful lipids, these findings have been contradicted by some recent meta-analysis and randomized controlled trials that have shown no beneficial or in some cases a deteriorating effect of these supplements on lipid levels. In particular, calcium supplementation has been associated more with increased incidence of cardiovascular morbidity than vitamin D, but the convincing proof is still lacking. Here we have highlighted the results of some significant studies that might impact the prescription of these drugs.
Der Erste Weltkrieg – Jahrestagsgedenken, neue Forschungen und Debatten einhundert Jahre nach seinem Beginn
Authors: Epkenhans Michael 
Published: April 2015

Vorspann
Der einhundertste Jahrestag des Beginns des Ersten Weltkriegs wurde von einer Debatte von überraschender Wucht begleitet. Im Fokus stand einmal mehr die Frage nach der Verantwortung für seine Auslösung und vor allem die Antwort, die Christopher Clark mit seinem monumentalen Werk „Die Schlafwandler“ darauf gegeben hat. Doch das Echo des Zentenariums war noch viel breiter: Eine Fülle von Veranstaltungen, weitere schwergewichtige Studien und geschichtspolitische Debatten um das deutsche Selbstverständnis. Michael Epkenhans, Leitender Wissenschaftler des Zentrums für Militärgeschichte und Sozialwissenschaften der Bundeswehr, nimmt eine kritische Sichtung der intellektuellen Erträge des Gedenkjahres 2014 vor.
Surgical management of left ventricular outflow obstruction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Howell Neil , Bradlow William 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the single most common form of inherited heart disease. Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) is a recognised feature of this condition which arises when blood leaving the outflow tract is impeded by systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve. In an important minority of patients, breathlessness, chest pain and syncope may result and persist despite the use of medications. In suitable candidates, surgery may relieve obstruction and its associated symptoms, and normalise life expectancy. Refinements in surgical techniques have marked improvements in the understanding of mechanisms underlying LVOTO. In this review, we hope to provide the reader with an understanding of how contemporary surgical practice has developed, which patients should be considered for surgery, and what results are anticipated. The role echocardiography plays in this area is highlighted throughout.
[18F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Standardized Uptake Value as a Predictor of Adjuvant Chemotherapy Benefits in Patients With Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Hsieh Te-Chun , Hsieh Ching Yun , Yang Tse Yen , Chen Tzu Ting , Lin Chen Yuan , Lin Ching-Chan , Hua Chung Hung , Chiu Chang-Fang , Yeh Su-Peng , Sher Yuh Pyng 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackground.The role of adjuvant chemotherapy for the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is controversial, and the identification of adequate predictive factors is warranted. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether the mean standardized uptake value (SUV) measured on [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) could predict the survival benefits for NPC patients that receive adjuvant chemotherapy.Materials and Methods.The data for 174 NPC patients who underwent PET/computed tomography before chemoradiation between January 2004 and January 2012 were reviewed. The SUV75% was recorded for primary tumors. All patients received intensity-modulated radiotherapy and cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy consisted of 3 cycles of 75 mg/m2 cisplatin and 1,000 mg/m2 fluorouracil for 4 days.Results.The optimal cutoff value was 8.35 for SUV75%, with 112 (64.4%) patients having lower SUV75% and 62 (35.6%) having higher SUV75%. Patients with lower SUV75% had significantly better 5-year overall survival (OS) and distant metastasis-free survival. Multivariate analysis revealed that tumor stage, SUV75%, and adjuvant chemotherapy were significant prognostic factors for OS. Patients with higher SUV75% had significantly higher 5-year OS rates with adjuvant chemotherapy than without adjuvant chemotherapy (84.3% vs. 32.4%, respectively; p &lt; .001). However, in the lower SUV75% group, no differences in 5-year OS were observed between patients who received and those who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy (92.4% vs. 93.3%, respectively; p = .682).Conclusion.The SUV75% on FDG PET for primary tumors could successfully identify NPC patients who may benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.
Health Awareness Days: Sufficient Evidence to Support the Craze?
Authors: Purtle Jonathan , Roman Leah A. 
Published: April 2015

Health awareness initiatives are a ubiquitous intervention strategy. Nearly 200 health awareness days, weeks, and months are on the US National Health Observances calendar, and more than 145 awareness day bills have been introduced in Congress since 2005. We contend that health awareness days are not held to appropriate scrutiny given the scale at which they have been embraced and are misaligned with research on the social determinants of health and the tenets of ecological models of health promotion. We examined health awareness days from a critical public health perspective and offer empirically supported recommendations to advance the intervention strategy. If left unchecked, health awareness days may do little more than reinforce ideologies of individual responsibility and the false notion that adverse health outcomes are simply the product of misinformed behaviors.
Risk Associated With The Decompression Of High Pressure High Temperature Fluids - Study On Black Oil
Authors: Figueroa D.C. , Fosbøl P. L. , Thomsen K. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Fluids produced from deep underground reservoirs may result in exponential increase in temperature. It is a consequence of adiabatic fluid decompression from the inverse Joule Thomson Effect (JTE). The phenomenon requires analysis in order to avoid any operational risks. This study evaluates the JTE upon decompression of black oil in high pressure-high temperature reservoirs. Also the effect caused by the presence of water and brine on the black oil is studied.
The final temperature is calculated from the corresponding energy balance at isenthalpic and non-isenthalpic conditions. It is found that the final temperature of black oil increases upon adiabatic decompression. In the case of the isenthalpic process at initial conditions of the reservoir, e.g. 150°C and 1000 bars, it is found that the final temperature can increase to 173.7°C. At non-isenthalpic conditions the final temperature increases as well, but the increase is less. The effect of water is studied at different water fractions; it results in lower increase of the final temperature than observed for black oil. The presence of brine in black oil is also studied at different brine fractions. The addition of brine increases the final temperature but the increase is less than for pure black oil. Therefore, the presence of water and brine in black oil diminishes the heating effect observed initially for black oil.
Performance Step Change in Deviated Hole Enlargement While Drilling; Planning and Advanced Downhole Measurements Implementation in 17 1/2 X 20-in. and 14 3/4 X 17 1/2-in. Sections, Offshore Norway
Authors: Koberg Ulrich , Harmer Richard , Hassan Haitham Khalil , Labrousse Sebastien , Belmouloud Hichem 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The Gullfaks field was discovered in 1979 and has been developed via three production platforms. To meet objectives the well designs require 20-in. and/or 17 ½-in. hole sections drilled to high angle (50° to 80° inclination), through the Utsira and Sotra formations and into the top of the Stord.
The Sotra member within the Hordaland group, contains intervals of claystone and sandstone with a significant strength contrast, some thin intervals of dolomite may also be present. Performance under-reaming-while-drilling the 20-in. section has been variable, typically requiring between two to four bit runs due to cutting structure, drillstring and downhole tool failures.
In an attempt to fully evaluate the downhole drilling environment, a new technology providing a comprehensive suite of advanced real-time and recorded-mode measurements of the drilling process was introduced. This information was used in the execution phase with remote interpretation support from drilling analysts. The higher resolution recorded data were analyzed in detail and used to calibrate models of the drilling process.
The information obtained enhanced understanding of the Sotra formation and the downhole behavior of the drilling system. This increased understanding resulted in changes to operational procedures and bottom hole assembly design, which reduced the risk of drillstring and downhole tool failures. For the first time this hole section was drilled in one bit run, validating the feasibility of this approach, which was then transferred into the hole opening while drilling operations within a satellite field.
Examples are included with novel insight into the response of under-reaming assemblies as the reamer encounters formation changes, an in-depth analysis of the static and dynamic loads placed on the bottom hole assemblies, and the impact of refinements to drilling procedures.
Interactions of Fines with Oil and its Implication in Smart Water Flooding
Authors: Chakravarty Krishna Hara , Fosbøl Philip Loldrup , Thomsen Kaj 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Migration of fines has been observed during water flooding in chalk reservoirs and has been suggested to play a key role in enhanced oil recovery (EOR). But, the exact role of fines is not well studied for carbonate reservoirs. This study shows that addition of water and crude oil on calcite fines leads to formation of soluble oil micelles in the water phase. Formation of these micelles and its implication in EOR has been experimentally analyzed.
To study this phenomenon different water insoluble salts were used as fines including, Li2CO3, MgCO3, CaCO3, CaSO4, SrSO4 and BaSO4 to which oil and water was added. To study conditions of oil micelles formation, design oil was used consisting of hexane and hexadecane. Heptanoic acid and stearic acid were doped in various compositions to mimic the acid number of the oil. Experiments were conducted for pure crude oil and doped oil to understand its implications in EOR. Composition of initial and final floating oil was obtained through gas chromatographic (GC) analysis. The two were thereafter compared to obtain the composition of micelles formed.
The experiments showed that oil micelles are only formed when polar hydrocarbons are present in the oil. Different mixtures of alkanes did not produce any micelle. In oil containing stearic acid it was observed that around 95% of the initial stearic acid was accumulated in the micelles and only 5% was found in the floating oil. In oil samples containing heptanoic acid only 50-60% of its initial amount was accumulated in the micelles. This indicates heavier acids can form more stable micelles. Oil micelles were produced in all the different fines used, but the composition of these micelles where dependent on the salt anions. In all carbonates, lighter acids preferred micelles formation with lighter alkane, (indicated by intensification of heavier alkane in the floating oil compared to the initial oil) and vice versa for heavier acids. While no such selectivity in micelles formation was observed in any of the sulfates. Results obtained with crude oil and doped oil and designed oil were consistent. These results show that fines (of insoluble carbonate) released during core fracturing, or (sparingly soluble sulfates) formed during smart water flooding can form mixed wet water soluble oil micelles and help in mobilization of trapped oil along with increasing sweep efficiency.
The results clearly show oil micelles formation in the water phase from the interactions of oil with fines, and also provide a detailed understanding of its composition under different conditions. The study highlights the significance of fines during smart water flooding in carbonate reservoirs and shows how its role in EOR can be mistakenly underestimated.
Possibilities, Limitations and Pitfalls in Using Real-Time Well Flow Models During Drilling Operations
Authors: Bjørkevoll Knut Steinar , Daireaux Benoit , Berg Per Cato 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The paper discusses possibilities, limitations and pitfalls in using advanced real time mathematical models during drilling operations, and in particular the real time calibration of such models vs. available sensor data. Examples from recent MPD operations in the North Sea, as supported by real-time model-based interpretation and automation are shown and discussed.
Real time mathematical models for drilling, including hydraulic and mechanical models at different levels of sophistication, are used to provide decision support and to automate parts of operations. This is often combined with managed pressure drilling (MPD) as the pressure margins are very small, operations are complex, and robust automation may help a lot to improve performance and robustness of the overall system.
An important part of successful use of real time mathematical models is robust calibration of models, in particularly when there is significant deviation between the model prediction and the measured data. Reasons for deviation include inaccurate data for fluid properties, string and well geometry, survey data, temperature profile etc. In addition real time data may be inaccurate or delayed, and the mathematical model itself may be inaccurate under the actual conditions. Whenever data deviate from model and are considered sufficiently reliable, the mathematical model should be adjusted to meet measurements; manually, automatically or a combination.
There are many pitfalls and challenges related to model calibration, especially when done automatically or from predefined procedures by an inexperienced operator, accordingly efforts to develop robust procedures or algorithms are important. The paper will contribute to this development by discussing challenges in detail, and experience from real operations will be described to illustrate the points. Focus will be on when and what parameters to be calibrated, rather than the calibration technique.
The work presented shows that models can add significant value to operations, but robust implementation and procedures are necessary to avoid the pitfalls, which a.o. include use of inaccurate configuration data, invalid real time data, misinterpretation and inferior action when model deviates from measured data.
The paper analyses use and calibration of advanced real time models for decision support and automation, and illustrates the discussion with field experience from a recent, successful North Sea operation. The paper is thus a useful reference and guidance for people working with model based decision support and automation, including experience and analysis not published earlier.
Innovative Approach to Workover Operations Utilize Field Proven Premium Stage Cementing Solutions
Authors: Davis Tim , Frisby Ray , Stewart P.E. John 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
To maximize the value of aging assets, workover operations are often required to extend the producing life of the wells within a given field. In many of these cases, symptoms such as sustained casing pressure (SCP) and lost production arise indicating a loss of wellbore integrity. Regardless of the root cause, industry regulations or internal, operator-specific requirements routinely mandate that wellbore integrity is reestablished for the remaining life of the well. These operations can often be extremely challenging as there is typically a high level of uncertainty in regards to the condition of the casing, cement, and other downhole components.
Many field assets have exceeded the original anticipated life span. Wells are typically designed for a 25- to 30-year lifespan with an expectation they will no longer be economically viable after that amount of time. As recovery technology has advanced, many of these fields still have profitable volumes of oil in place if the well integrity and infrastructure of the asset remains viable. Extending well life by 15 – 25 years is not uncommon now for some operators (1). There are typically some number of wells in the inventory which have integrity issues. To extend the life of the asset and allow continued production, an investment in well integrity and/or alteration of well design must be addressed. This paper will provide examples of real challenges operators have faced to ensure well integrity in order to extend the life of a well in aging fields.
Facies Parameterization and Estimation for Complex Reservoirs - The Brugge Field
Authors: Chang Yuqing , Stordal Andreas S. , Valestrand Randi 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Data assimilation using ensemble-based inversion methods has been successfully applied for parameter estimation in reservoir models. However, in certain complex reservoir models, it remains challenging to estimate the model parameters and preserve the geological realism simultaneously. In particular, when handling special reservoir model parameters such as facies types concerning fluvial channels, geological realism becomes one of the key concerns. The main objective of this work is to address this issue on a real field with a newly extended version of a recently proposed facies parameterization approach coupled with ensemble-based data assimilation techniques. The proposed workflow combines the new facies parameterization and the IAGM filter into the data assimilation framework for channelized reservoirs. In order to handle discrete facies parameters, we combine probability maps and truncated Gaussian fields to obtain a continuous parameterization of the facies fields. For the data assimilation we use the Iterative Adaptive Gaussian Mixture (IAGM) Filter, which is an efficient history matching approach that incorporates a resampling routine which allows us to regenerate facies fields using information from the updated probability maps. This workflow is evaluated, for the first time, on a complex field case - the Brugge field. This reservoir model consist of layers with complex channelized structures and layers characterized by reservoir properties generated with variograms. With limited prior knowledge on uncertain facies models, this workflow is shown to be able to preserve the channel continuity while reducing the reservoir model uncertainty with IAGM. When applied to complex real field studies, it provides a geologically consistent and realistic reservoir model which leads to improved capability of predicting subsurface flow behaviors.
A Novel Angiogenesis Inhibitor Bevacizumab Induces Apoptosis in the Rat Endometriosis Model
Authors: Soysal D. , Kızıldağ S. , Saatlı B. , Posacı C. , Soysal S. , Koyuncuoğlu M. , Doğan Ö. E. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Our aim was to investigate the effects of antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) antibody Bevacizumab on endometrial explants and on apoptotic gene expression levels in the rat endometriosis model. Endometriotic implants were surgically formed, and rats treated with (i) 1 mg/kg single subcutaneous injection of depot leuprolide acetate; (ii) 2.5 mg/kg of single intaperitoneal injection of bevacizumab; (iii) intraperitoneal injection of saline. Histopathologic scores and adhesion scores of endometriotic foci and levels of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), Cytochrome c (Cyt-c), B-cell lymphoma/ leukemia 2 (Bcl-2) and B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xl) mRNA gene expressions of endometriotic foci. Bevacizumab treatment decreased the endometriotic explant size compared with control. Bevacizumab-treated rats had lower total adhesion scores when compared with the control group. Semiquantitative evaluation of the persistence of endometrial epithelial cells in the explants showed a lower score in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist-treated rats compared with control rats. In Bevacizumab increased expression of Bax 3.1-fold, Cyt-c 1.3-fold and decreased expression of Bcl-2 0.4-fold, Bcl-xl 0.8-fold compared with the control group. The GnRH agonist increased expression of Bax 3.0 fold, Cyt-c 1.3 fold and decreased expression of Bcl-2 0.4-fold, Bcl-xl 0.8-fold, compared with the control group. This study suggests that a novel angiogenesis inhibitor, anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab is as effective as GnRH agonist in the regression of the endometriotic lesions in rat endometriosis model. One possible mechanism of this effect is the induction of apoptosis.
Elevated Serum Levels of Soluble CD163 in Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis: Associated with Macrophage Infiltration in Muscle Tissue
Authors: Peng Qing-Lin , Zhang Yin-Li , Shu Xiao-Ming , Yang Han-Bo , Zhang Lu , Chen Fang , Lu Xin , Wang Guo-Chun 
Published: April 2015

Objective.To investigate serum levels of soluble CD163 (sCD163) in patients with polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM), and to correlate these to clinical manifestations and laboratory data.Methods.Serum levels of sCD163 were detected in 24 patients with PM, 84 patients with DM, and 46 healthy controls by using the ELISA method. Immunohistochemistry staining of macrophage infiltration in muscle tissue using anti-CD163 monoclonal antibody was conducted on muscle biopsy specimens from 13 patients with PM and 17 with DM.Results.Serum levels of sCD163 were significantly increased in patients compared with healthy controls (p < 0.001). Patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) had statistically higher sCD163 levels than patients without ILD (p < 0.001). High serum sCD163 levels were associated with increased incidence of antinuclear antibody (p < 0.05), higher serum levels of immunoglobulin G (p < 0.01) and immunoglobulin A (p < 0.05), and increased erythrocyte sedimentation rates (p < 0.01). Serum sCD163 levels were inversely correlated with CD3+ T cell counts in peripheral blood of patients (r = −0.306, p < 0.01). Cross-sectional assessment and longitudinal study revealed a significant correlation between serum sCD163 levels and disease activity. Patients with high serum sCD163 levels showed a higher incidence of CD163+ macrophage infiltration in muscle tissue than patients with normal sCD163 levels (chi-square value = 10.804, p < 0.01).Conclusion.Serum levels of sCD163 were significantly elevated and correlated with disease severity in patients with PM/DM, suggesting serum sCD163 as a promising biomarker in the disease evaluation of PM/DM. Our finding of elevated serum sCD163 levels associated with muscle macrophage infiltration highlights the role activated macrophage plays in the pathogenesis of PM/DM.