bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are there risks associated with empiric acid suppression treatment of infants and children suspected of having gastroesophageal reflux disease?
Authors: Chung Erica Y. , Yardley Jeremy 
Published: September 2013

Background:
It has become common practice to empirically treat infants and children who have suspected gastroesophageal reflux disease by using acid-suppressive medications. However, evidence to support the effectiveness of these medications in the pediatric population is limited. With multiple studies in adult patients indicating increased risk of infection, we reviewed the literature to determine the association between acid-suppressive medications and serious adverse effects in infants and children.

Methods:
We conducted a PubMed search on the adverse effects of H2 antagonists and proton pump inhibitors in pediatric patients. The studies selected were original research and systematic reviews with control groups and study objectives evaluating the relationship between acid-suppressive medications and serious adverse effects (namely, infections).

Results:
Fourteen studies met our inclusion criteria. The majority of studies found a significant association between acid-suppressive medications and the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis/bacteremia, pneumonia, and gastrointestinal infections in infants and children.

Conclusions:
Given the questionable efficacy of H2 antagonists and proton pump inhibitors and the growing evidence of increased risk of serious infections, acid-suppressive medications should be used cautiously in infants and children suspected of having gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Association Between Practice Setting and Pediatric Hospitalist Career Satisfaction
Authors: Pane Laurie A. , Davis Aisha B. , Ottolini Mary C. 
Published: September 2013

Background:
Pediatric hospital medicine has become a viable long-term career choice. To retain qualified physicians, both academic and community hospital leaders seek to improve their job satisfaction.

Objective:
The goal of this study was to determine whether practice in a community versus academic setting is associated with pediatric hospitalists’ career satisfaction.

Methods:
The study was based on data from an anonymous electronic cross-sectional survey sent to the American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Hospital Medicine Listserv between November 2009 and January 2010. Questions were rated on a standard 5-point Likert scale. A total career satisfaction score was calculated for each respondent by summing across all 23 questions. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to assess job satisfaction according to practice setting.

Results:
A total of 222 pediatric hospitalists responded. Sixty-six percent of respondents practiced in an academic setting and 34% in a community hospital. Fifty-eight percent of academic and 42% of community hospitalists were satisfied with their careers, defined as a mean per-question Likert score ≥4. Adjusting for gender, average daily census, percentage of complex patients, years as a hospitalist, and years since residency graduation, academic hospitalists were more likely than community hospitalists to be satisfied with their careers (adjusted odds ratio: 2.43 [95% confidence interval: 1.25–4.72]; P = .009).

Conclusions:
Pediatric hospitalists practicing in academic settings seem more likely to be satisfied with their careers than those in a community hospital. Overall, however, there is room for improvement in career satisfaction for both groups. Further study is warranted to confirm and clarify these findings on a larger scale, perhaps with oversampling of community hospitalists.
A Randomized Trial of Facilitated Family-Centered Rounds
Authors: Alverson Brian K. , Wilson Karen M. , Shah Samir S. 
Published: September 2013

BACKGROUND:
Family-centered rounds (FCR) are becoming the status quo for inpatient pediatric medical care; however, barriers still exist. The use of facilitators in FCR is gaining popularity. Although facilitators can increase comfort with FCR, the choice of preferred facilitator has not been studied by using rigorous methodology. In this study, we performed a randomized trial of facilitated FCR with bunnies and clowns, 2 commonly mentioned facilitators, and compared their results with the usual care condition.

METHODS:
The 3 floor teams were randomized to have rounds facilitated with bunnies and clowns or the usual care model facilitated by distracted residents and overbearing attending physicians. Infection control procedures were instituted. Outcome measures were parent satisfaction scores, use of anxiolytic agents during examinations as part of FCR, resident satisfaction, and the number of times presenters were interrupted by their attending. Differences between the experimental and control groups were analyzed by using t tests, χ2 statistics, and multiple regression analysis. Qualitative analyses were also performed by using participant-observers.

RESULTS:
Bunnies had the best overall improvement in parent satisfaction, anxiety, and resident satisfaction. Both intervention groups were successful at reducing attending interruptions. The clown arm was suspended by the Data Safety Monitoring Board before study completion due to adverse events.

DISCUSSION:
Facilitated FCR has the potential to improve satisfaction among parents, patients, and residents, and to decrease attending interruptions. Care needs to be taken, however, to avoid unanticipated adverse effects from potentially emotionally damaging interventions. Tularemia was not identified in any of our treatment conditions.
Resource Utilization and Cost of Inserting Peripheral Intravenous Catheters in Hospitalized Children
Authors: Goff David A. , Larsen Pamela , Brinkley Jason , Eldridge David , Newton Dale , Hartzog Timothy , Reigart J. Routt 
Published: September 2013

Objective:
The goal of this study was to measure the costs and difficulty in placing peripheral intravenous (IV) catheters in hospitalized children; measures of resource utilization. We measured the costs and difficulty in placing peripheral intravenous (IV) catheters in hospitalized children. This common procedure has implications for the utilization of hospital resources.

Methods:
This was a prospective, large-scale observational study in 2 southeastern US pediatric teaching hospitals evaluating 592 children needing peripheral IV catheters in the inpatient setting. The median age was 2.25 years with an age range of 2 days to 18 years. Costs were estimated by using directly measured staff time and national salary data. Analyses included costs according to patient characteristics (age, weight, dehydration, and difficulty of stick attempts), and nurse characteristics (experience in years and anticipated difficulty).

Results:
The median cost of the pediatric IV insertions was $41, and 60% of the placements were obtained with the first nurse. Seventy-two percent of the children had a successful IV insertion in 1 to 2 attempts and accounted for 53% of total costs. However, the 28% of children who required ≥3 IV attempts had a cost range of $69 to more than $125, and they consumed 43% of the total IV costs. This subset was often &lt;2 years old or dehydrated (P = .0002).

Conclusions:
The insertion of peripheral IV catheters in an inpatient setting can be time intensive and requires significant skill. Our study suggests that resource utilization may improve when nurses and personnel proficient in starting peripheral IV catheters are used when the initial nurse has failed to obtain IV access. This systems improvement should result in shortened time to administration of parenteral therapies, positively improving outcomes and lessening length of stay, as well as improving patient/family satisfaction due to reduced perceptions of pain.
Association Between Language, Serious Adverse Events, and Length of Stay Among Hospitalized Children
Authors: Lion K. Casey , Rafton Sarah A. , Shafii Jaleh , Brownstein Dena , Michel Eriberto , Tolman Michelle , Ebel Beth E. 
Published: September 2013

Objective:
To evaluate the risk for serious/sentinel adverse events among hospitalized children according to race, ethnicity, and language and to evaluate factors affecting length of stay associated with serious/sentinel adverse events.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all pediatric inpatients at a large children’s hospital from October 2007 to October 2009. We evaluated the relationship between self-reported race, ethnicity, and primary language; with having a serious or sentinel adverse event, defined as an unexpected occurrence involving risk of death or serious injury; or a potentially harmful event resulting from nonstandard practice. We also examined length of stay. Clinical complexity was adjusted for by using Clinical Risk Groups.

Results:
Of 33 885 patients, 8% spoke Spanish and 4% spoke other languages. Serious and sentinel events were rare; however, among patients with such events, 14% spoke Spanish. Adjusting for potential confounders, Spanish speakers trended toward an elevated odds of adverse event (odds ratio: 1.83 [95% confidence interval: 0.98–3.39]). Controlling for age, language, and clinical complexity, having an adverse event was associated with a nearly fivefold increase in length of stay (95% confidence interval: 3.87–6.12). Spanish-speaking patients with an adverse event were hospitalized significantly longer than comparable English speakers (26 vs 12.7 days; P = .03 for interaction between language and adverse event).

Conclusions:
Hospitalized children from Spanish-speaking families had significantly longer hospital stays in association with an adverse event and may have increased odds of a serious or sentinel event. These findings suggest that an important component of patient safety may be to address communication barriers.
DNA Repair Gene Patterns as Prognostic and Predictive Factors in Molecular Breast Cancer Subtypes
Authors: Santarpia Libero , Iwamoto Takayuki , Di Leo Angelo , Hayashi Naoki , Bottai Giulia , Stampfer Martha , André Fabrice , Turner Nicholas C. , Symmans W. Fraser , Hortobágyi Gabriel N. , Pusztai Lajos , Bianchini Giampaolo 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
DNA repair pathways can enable tumor cells to survive DNA damage induced by chemotherapy and thus provide prognostic and/or predictive value. We evaluated Affymetrix gene expression profiles for 145 DNA repair genes in untreated breast cancer (BC) patients (n = 684) and BC patients treated with regimens containing neoadjuvant taxane/anthracycline (n = 294) or anthracycline (n = 210). We independently assessed estrogen receptor (ER)-positive/HER2-negative, HER2-positive, and ER-negative/HER2-negative subgroups for differential expression, bimodal distribution, and the prognostic and predictive value of DNA repair gene expression. Twenty-two genes were consistently overexpressed in ER-negative tumors, and five genes were overexpressed in ER-positive tumors, but no differences in expression were associated with HER2 status. In ER-positive/HER2-negative tumors, the expression of nine genes (BUB1, FANCI, MNAT1, PARP2, PCNA, POLQ, RPA3, TOP2A, and UBE2V2) was associated with poor prognosis, and the expression of one gene (ATM) was associated with good prognosis. Furthermore, the prognostic value of specific genes did not correlate with proliferation. A few genes were associated with chemotherapy response in BC subtypes and treatment-specific manner. In ER-negative/HER2-negative tumors, the MSH2, MSH6, and FAN1 (previously MTMR15) genes were associated with pathological complete response and residual invasive cancer in taxane/anthracycline-treated patients. Conversely, PMS2 expression was associated with residual invasive cancer in treatments using anthracycline as a single agent. In HER2-positive tumors, TOP2A was associated with patient response to anthracyclines but not to taxane/anthracycline regimens. In genes expressed in a bimodal fashion, RECQL4 was significantly associated with clinical outcome. In vitro studies showed that defects in RECQL4 impair homologous recombination, sensitizing BC cells to DNA-damaging agents.
Breeding Cycles Expedited by FT‐mediated Reduction in Generation Time
Authors: Eickholt David P. , Lewis Ramsey S. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTMethods for rapid inbreeding are desirable for reducing the time required to complete a breeding cycle and to increase genetic gain per year. Constitutive expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) derived from Arabidopsis has previously been shown to reduce generation time in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and other crop plants. Here, we used tobacco as a model system to investigate the utility of a modified single‐seed descent (SSD) breeding method where transgenic expression of 35S:FT was used to reduce generation time during inbreeding. The transgene was maintained in hemizygous condition during inbreeding, and null segregants were isolated in the F4:5 generation to create nontransgenic F5:6 lines that were produced in nearly half the time that would have been required using conventional SSD. Opportunities for selection among 35S:FT plants during inbreeding were demonstrated by selecting for quantitative levels of resistance to the soil‐borne pathogen Phytophthora nicotianae. Populations of selected lines exhibited significantly higher levels of resistance relative to random lines, greater frequencies of highly resistant genotypes, and lower frequencies of highly susceptible genotypes. The system outlined here could lead to more rapid commercialization of improved cultivars in crop species amenable to manipulation of flowering time via transgenic expression of FT‐like genes. Strategies to enhance the frequency of favorable alleles in resulting populations can be incorporated into the method.
Effect of Row Spacing on Seed Yield and Yield Components of Five Cool‐Season Grasses
Authors: Han Yunhua , Wang Xianguo , Hu Tianming , Hannaway David B. , Mao Peisheng , Zhu Zhenlei , Wang Zhengwei , Li Yongxiang 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTIncreasing seed yield and quality of key cool‐season perennial grasses is an important component of meeting China's environmental, food security, and urban beautification goals. Determining a suitable seed producing region and developing best management practices for this region with specific, high priority grasses will contribute to the availability of seed for reducing desertification, increasing livestock production, and improving urban living conditions. Previous research in other areas has addressed various agronomic practices on some grasses, but none has evaluated optimal row spacings for producing high yields of high quality seed in conditions similar to the Hexi Corridor, currently a major seed producing area in China for other seed crops. We compared our field trials in this area with those of other regions in China and the world to determine if this area would be suitable as a grass seed production center. Five important perennial, cool‐season grasses {[Elymus kamoji (ohwi) S.L. Chen, slender wheatgrass [Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners ssp. Trachycaulus], smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss), Siberian wildrye (Elymus sibiricus L.), and Chinese sheepgrass [Leymus chinensis (Trin) Tzvel]} were evaluated from 2010 to 2012 under four row spacing treatments (30, 50, 70, and 90 cm). Results showed all five grasses have potential for high seed production in this region, with yields equivalent to or significantly higher than other areas. Optimal row spacing for Elymus kamoji and smooth bromegrass was 30 cm while a 50 cm row spacing was better for seed production and weed control for slender wheatgrass, Siberian wildrye, and Chinese sheepgrass. This work will allow multinational seed companies, development agencies, and government program directors to better evaluate the potential economic sustainability of grass seed production in this region compared to importing seed from other regions of the world.
Environmental crisis as the final stage of the evolution of culture
Authors: Škorpíková Zuzana 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The article discusses possible ways of overcoming the environmental crisis. It is based on Šmajs’ evolutionary ontological understanding of the environmental crisis of nature, which distinguishes between natural and cultural evolution and demonstrates the opposing relationships between them. It critically develops one of Šmajs’ proposals for initiating a biophilic transformation of culture by dealing with some of the consequences of the economic crisis (specifically unemployment).
Biophilic transformation of culture from the point of view of psychology of environmental problems (from cognitive psychology to Gestalt theory)
Authors: Timko Marek 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The author of the article deals with the causes of anti-naturalism in culture today from the point view of both a philosophical conception of evolutionary ontology, and the psychology of environmental problems. He highlights the real potential for a biophilic transformation of culture in the context of current knowledge on cognitive psychology, where emphasis is placed on the limits to the phenomena of cognitive dissonance. The author of the article seeks certain options to repress these limits in Gestalt theory, which on some aspects corresponds substantially to the insights and goals of evolutionary psychology.
A spiritual dimension to cybercrime in Nigeria: The ‘yahoo plus’ phenomenon
Authors: Tade Oludayo 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Cybercrime in Nigeria is largely perpetrated by young people and students in tertiary institutions, and are socially tagged yahoo yahoo or yahoo boys. Yahoo boys rely on their computer dexterity to victimise unsuspecting persons in cyberspace. A new phenomenon in cybercrime is mixing spiritual elements with internet surfing to boost cybercrime success rates. This paper examines the factors underlying this spiritual dimension (cyber spiritualism) to cybercrime, and discusses some of the strategies employed in perpetuating cyber crime. Using Space Transition Theory of cybercrime, data were generated on yahoo boys and those involved in yahoo plus. The clampdown on Internet fraudsters by the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC), in-group conflict among yahoo boys over social recognition, reduced victimisation and delayed success, and mass media enlightenment were reported factors influencing the fusion of spiritual elements in cyber crime. The methods used include ase or mayehun (incontrovertible order), charmed or magical rings (oruka-ere) and incisions made around the wrist, which are used to surf the net, while ijapa (tortoise) is used to navigate profitable sites. Unsuspecting victims fall under the spell of the ase via phone conversation where spiritual orders are made to the victims without their objecting.
Unusual cases of nesting by the Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca) in Eastern Slovakia
Authors: Danko Štefan , Balla Miloš 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Long-term monitoring of the Imperial Eagle in Eastern Slovakia has revealed that some pairs living permanently in an active agricultural environment (agrocoenosis) prove capable of adapting even to extreme conditions. In three cases eagles built their nests near railway lines (59, 22 and 15 m from the tracks), and in one case almost directly above a frequently-used road at a height of 21m.
Unchanged safety outcomes in deep brain stimulation surgery for Parkinson disease despite a decentralization of care
Authors: McGovern Robert A. , Sheehy John P. , Zacharia Brad E. , Chan Andrew K. , Ford Blair , McKhann Guy M. 
Published: September 2013

Object
Early work on deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery, when procedures were mostly carried out in a small number of high-volume centers, demonstrated a relationship between surgical volume and procedural safety. However, over the past decade, DBS has become more widely available in the community rather than solely at academic medical centers. The authors examined the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) to study the safety of DBS surgery for Parkinson disease (PD) in association with this change in practice patterns.

Methods
The NIS is a stratified sample of 20% of all patient discharges from nonfederal hospitals in the United States. The authors identified patients with a primary diagnosis of PD (332.0) and a primary procedure code for implantation/replacement of intracranial neurostimulator leads (02.93) who underwent surgery between 2002 and 2009. They analyzed outcomes using univariate and hierarchical, logistic regression analyses.

Results
The total number of DBS cases remained stable from 2002 through 2009. Despite older and sicker patients undergoing DBS, procedural safety (rates of non-home discharges, complications) remained stable. Patients at low-volume hospitals were virtually indistinguishable from those at high-volume hospitals, except that patients at low-volume hospitals had slightly higher comorbidity scores (0.90 vs 0.75, p < 0.01). Complications, non-home discharges, length of hospital stay, and mortality rates did not significantly differ between low- and high-volume hospitals when accounting for hospital-related variables (caseload, teaching status, location).

Conclusions
Prior investigations have demonstrated a robust volume-outcome relationship for a variety of surgical procedures. However, the present study supports safety of DBS at smaller-volume centers. Prospective studies are required to determine whether low-volume centers and higher-volume centers have similar DBS efficacy, a critical factor in determining whether DBS is comparable between centers.
The callosal angle measured on MRI as a predictor of outcome in idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus
Authors: Virhammar Johan , Laurell Katarina , Cesarini Kristina Giuliana , Larsson Elna-Marie 
Published: September 2013

Object
Different neuroimaging biomarkers have been studied to find a tool for prediction of response to CSF shunting in idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). The callosal angle (CA) has been described as useful in discriminating iNPH from ventricular dilation secondary to atrophy. However, the usefulness of the CA as a prognostic tool for the selection of shunt candidates among patients with iNPH is unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the CA in shunt responders with that in nonresponders and clarify whether the CA can serve as a predictor of the outcome.

Methods
Preoperative MRI brain scans were evaluated in 109 patients who had undergone shunt surgery for iNPH during 2006–2010. Multiplanar reconstruction was performed interactively to obtain a coronal image through the posterior commissure, perpendicular to the anterior-posterior commissure plane. The CA was measured as the angle between the lateral ventricles on the coronal image. The patients were examined clinically before surgery and at 12 months postoperatively.

Results
Shunt responders had a significantly smaller mean preoperative CA compared with nonresponders: 59° (95% CI 56°–63°) versus 68° (95% CI 61°–75°) (p < 0.05). A CA cutoff value of 63° showed the best prognostic accuracy.

Conclusions
The preoperative CA is smaller in patients whose condition improves after shunt surgery and may be a useful tool in the selection of shunt candidates among patients with iNPH.