Response of Four Durum Wheat Cultivars, (Triticum durum DESF.), to Different Nutritional Applications
Authors: Kalaf Aljabouri Marwan Mohammed , Younis Al-Ghazal Salim Abdulla 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during the 2022-2023 agricultural season in two locations, the first in Salah al-Din province/Shirqat District (the discount area), which is about 130 km from the center of the Mosul District, and the second location is the village of al-Hamra in the Nimrud District, which is 50 km from the center of the Mosul District, with the aim of knowing effect of five Types of fertilizers on the growth and yield of four cultivars of durum wheat. A factorial experiment was conducted with two factors and a completely randomized block design (RCBD), with a split-plot system and three replicates. Each replicate contained five main plots that represented the levels of the first factor (fertilizer treatments), and then the levels of the second factor were randomly distributed within them Cultivars (which were four secondary experimental units, and the fertilizers used in the experiment were (mineral fertilizer, organic fertilizer, nanofertilizer, biofertiliser, humic fertilizer). As for the cultivars, they were four cultivars of durum wheat (Sekandrioz, Dor 85, Sardar and Parasiful). Study of the following traits: number of days to flowering, plant height, number of tillers, flag leaf area, spike number, spike length, number of grains per spike, weight of 1000 grains, grain yield, and biological yield. The results obtained from this study were as follows: The mineral fertilizer treatment was excelled in trait of grain yield for Al-Shirqat location, plant height, flag leaf area, and spike length for the Nimrud location, number of tillers, number of spike, and biological yield for the two locations, with values reaching (7934.7 kg.ha-1, 91.64 cm, 46.74 cm2, 8, 64 cm, 410.92 tillers m-2, 375.00 shore m-2, 365.50 spike m-2, 321.58 spike m-2, 16539 kg.ha-1 and 16724 kg.ha-1) respectively. The nanofertilizer treatment was excelled in trait of the number of grains per spike for Al-Sharqat location, with an average of (51.55 grains. spike-1). The biofertilizer treatment was excelled in trait of the number of days to flowering at Al-Nimrud location, with an average of (137.83 days). The humic fertilizer treatment was excelled in plant height at Al-Sharqat location, with an average of (92.41 cm). The Dor 85 cultivar achieved significantly excelled in the two traits of flag leaf area and weight of 1000 grain for both locations, with averages reaching (33.64 cm2, 46.51 cm2, 54.73 g, 50.37 g) respectively. Al-Sardar cultivar gave a significantly excelled in the number of days to flowering, with an average of (118.66 days) for Al-Sharqat location. The Parasiful cultivar was superior in spike length for both locations, with an average of (9.59 cm, 9.25 cm). In the interaction of the two factors, the Parasiful cultivar and the mineral fertilizer treatment gave the highest averages for the number of tillers and the number of spike for both locations, amounting to (444.33 and 415.33 tillers.m-2), respectively. The interaction of the Sardar cultivar with organic fertilizer treatment recorded the highest grain yield at the Nimrud location, with an average of (8752 kg.ha-1)