bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A highly secreted sulphamidase engineered to cross the blood‐brain barrier corrects brain lesions of mice with mucopolysaccharidoses type IIIA
Authors: Sorrentino Nicolina Cristina , D'Orsi Luca , Sambri Irene , Nusco Edoardo , Monaco Ciro , Spampanato Carmine , Polishchuk Elena , Saccone Paola , De Leonibus Elvira , Ballabio Andrea , Fraldi Alessandro 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMucopolysaccharidoses type IIIA (MPS‐IIIA) is a neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder (LSD) caused by inherited defects of the sulphamidase gene. Here, we used a systemic gene transfer approach to demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of a chimeric sulphamidase, which was engineered by adding the signal peptide (sp) from the highly secreted iduronate‐2‐sulphatase (IDS) and the blood‐brain barrier (BBB)‐binding domain (BD) from the Apolipoprotein B (ApoB‐BD). A single intravascular administration of AAV2/8 carrying the modified sulphamidase was performed in adult MPS‐IIIA mice in order to target the liver and convert it to a factory organ for sustained systemic release of the modified sulphamidase. We showed that while the IDS sp replacement results in increased enzyme secretion, the addition of the ApoB‐BD allows efficient BBB transcytosis and restoration of sulphamidase activity in the brain of treated mice. This, in turn, resulted in an overall improvement of brain pathology and recovery of a normal behavioural phenotype. Our results provide a novel feasible strategy to develop minimally invasive therapies for the treatment of brain pathology in MPS‐IIIA and other neurodegenerative LSDs.→See accompanying article emmm.201302668
Technology Centre Mongstad: the world's largest facility for testing and improving CO2 capture technologies
Authors: Stokset Vegar 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTechnology Centre Mongstad (TCM) in Norway is the world's first facility dedicated to the testing and development of carbon capture technology of flue gases from both a gas‐fired power plant and a refinery. TCM Managing Director Tore Amundsen spoke to Muriel Cozier about what makes TCM so unique.
Free concha flap for sensitive nasal reconstruction using the infraorbital artery and nerve as a recipient vessel and a recipient nerve
Authors: Narushima Mitsunaga , Iida Takuya , Kadono Takafumi , Hara Hisako , Yamamoto Yusuke , Todokoro Takeshi , Mihara Makoto , Koshima Isao 
Published: April 2013

AbstractFree auricular flap transplantation is one of the treatments for nasal reconstruction. This report presents a case of nasal reconstruction where the infraorbital artery was used as a recipient vessel, and the infraorbital nerve as a recipient sensory nerve. A 75‐year‐old female underwent resection of malignant melanoma of the right nasal ala. A free ear concha flap was used for the reconstruction. The facial artery could not be found intraoperatively; instead, the infraorbital artery was identified and anastomosed with the posterior auricular artery. The great auricular nerve was coapted with the infraorbital nerve. The results of the sensory examination were the same as those of the unaffected side. This procedure not only achieves a good aesthetic outcome, but also restores sufficient sensory function. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2013.
Diet versus exercise in “the biggest loser” weight loss competition
Authors: Hall Kevin D. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackground:Obesity experts have criticized The Biggest Loser television show for its portrayal of an unrealistic intervention that raises false expectations for weight loss. However, the magnitude of the diet and exercise intervention has not been previously quantified.Design and Methods:Using a validated computational model of metabolism, I quantified the diet and exercise intervention by integrating data on energy expenditure, body weight and fat mass collected during The Biggest Loser competition.Results:Participant body mass index, weight, and percent body fat at baseline were 48.7 ± 10.1 kg/m2, 144.9 ± 39.4 kg, and 49 ± 6% (mean ± SD), respectively. During the first phase of the competition when the contestants were isolated in a boot camp environment, the average rate of weight loss was 0.4 ± 0.1 kg/d and decreased to 0.19 ± 0.1 kg/d after returning home. Total weight loss was 58.2 ± 26 kg with 81.6 ± 8.4% coming from body fat. The computer simulations closely matched these data and calculated that average energy intake decreased by 65% during the first phase to 1300 kcal/d while participating in 3.1 h/d of vigorous exercise. After returning home, energy intake increased to 1900 kcal/d and vigorous exercise decreased to 1.1 h/d. Simulation of diet alone resulted in 34 kg of weight loss with 65% coming from body fat, whereas exercise alone resulted in a loss of 27 kg with 102% from fat.Conclusion:The intense diet and exercise intervention during The Biggest Loser competition were not sustainable. However, a relatively modest permanent lifestyle intervention of 20% caloric restriction and 20 min/d of vigorous exercise could maintain the massive weight loss.
The future of the global financial services industry
Authors: Grosse Robert 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThere are three fundamental technological shifts that are defining the competitive landscape of the early 21st century in financial service provision. First and foremost is distributed service provision: both deposit taking and credit provision are becoming more and more dispersed geographically, with less and less need for service providers and service users to meet face to face. The principal enabling technology is in advanced telecommunications, which allows for operation of widely dispersed automatic teller machines, videoconferencing, and internet operations. The second huge technological change that is underway concerns internal management information systems. Financial institutions are now able to put relevant data from affiliates and activities around the world into real‐time globally accessible form. The third technological change is financial engineering, which involves creation of new financial products, often derived from existing credit or deposit‐type instruments. This article explores the implications of these dramatic changes in the competitive landscape of financial service provision and suggests strategies for survival into the 21st century.
Two New Trinuclear MII (M = Mn, Co) Complexes Based on 2,4‐Dichlorobenzoic Acid: Synthesis, Structures and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Xu Yun , Che Yun‐Xia , Zheng Ji‐Min 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTwo new isostructural complexes, [Mn3(L)6(bipy)2] (1) and [Co3(L)6(bipy)2] (2) (L = 2,4‐dichlorobenzoate, bipy = 2, 2′‐bipyridine) were synthesized under the hydrothermal conditions and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, EA (elemental analysis), and magnetic measurements. The two complexes are found to contain a trinuclear (M3) unit that opens up a possibility of being magnetic materials. The magnetic measurements reveal that 1 exhibits the antiferromagnetic exchange interaction between metal ions and 2 presents a weak ferromagnetic interactions between the CoII ions.
Enhanced Significance of Donor–Recipient Age Gradient as a Prognostic Factor of Graft Outcome in Living Donor Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Shin Milljae , Park Jae Berm , Kwon Choon Hyuck David , Joh Jae‐Won , Lee Suk‐Koo , Kim Sung‐Joo 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundSuccessful kidney transplantation (KT) increases survival and improves quality of life for patients with end‐stage renal disease. Donor age is an important factor influencing graft outcomes. We evaluated the relationship between the donor–recipient age gradient (DRAG) and graft outcomes after living‐donor kidney transplantation (LDKT). Additionally, we analyzed graft survival in patients receiving kidneys from age‐mismatched donors.MethodsFrom February 1995 to March 2011, a series of 968 consecutive adult LDKT recipients were enrolled in our study. Graft survival and laboratory data for each patient were retrospectively collected. DRAG values were divided into four groups: ≤−21, −20 to −1, 0−20, and ≥21 years.ResultsHigher DRAG had negative effects on graft rejection episodes and serum creatinine levels beyond the first month post‐transplantation. A DRAG of more than 20 years was significantly correlated with worse 10‐year graft survival. Kidneys from donors older than 55 years of age showed significantly compromised graft outcomes when transplanted into recipients younger than 30 years of age, but not in older recipients. Graft survival in transplants using old‐to‐old allocation was not different from that of young‐to‐young allocation. In cases of older donors, a lower DRAG between older donors and older recipients showed more favorable graft outcomes than a higher DRAG between older donors and younger recipients.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that DRAG may serve as a prognostic factor for predicting graft outcomes after LDKT. Additionally, we showed that transplantation of older donor kidneys via living donation is justified in appropriately chosen age‐matched recipients.
Paleomagnetism of Bhander Sediments from Bhopal Inlier, Vindhyan Supergroup
Authors: Venkateshwarlu M. , Rao J. Mallikarjuna 
Published: April 2013

Abstract:
Paleomagnetic investigations have been carried out on poorly determined radiometric age controls of Bhander sandstones within the vicinity of Bhopal Inlier of the Upper Vindhyan Supergroup. Available ages assigned to the Upper Vindhyan sequence range from Cambrian to the Mesoproterozoic and are derived from a variety of sources and methods. Paleomagnetic data generated from the Bhander Group of Bhopal Inlier yielded a mean declination of 357° and mean inclination of 58° (k=17.69, α95 = 16.38) with a Virtual Geomagnetic Pole (VGP) at 74° N, 69.0° E. This pole position is falling close to the Malani Igneous Suite (MIS) mean palaeomagnetic pole of 67.8° N and 72.5° E (A95=8.8°) by Gregory et al. (2009). The results obtained from this study and previous work on the 1073 Ma Majhgawan kimberlite, as well as detrital zircon geochronology of the Upper Bhander sandstone suggest that the Upper Vindhyan sequence may be older than is commonly thought earlier.
A Brief Account of the Continuum from Karakoram and Himalayan Ranges to Foreland and Ocean Basins
Authors: Raiverman V. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract:
Himalayan orogeny in relation to Global Tectonics is a hotly debated subject. Orogeny can result either from collision of continental plates or by an endogenic process of mantle upwelling along pre-existing fracture zones in the crust. This paper describes a new technique of frequency analysis of radiometric ages of crystalline rocks in the mountain ranges straddling the Indus-Tsangpo Suture Zone (ITSZ), the supposed line of collision between India and Asia, and shows that all the ranges from Karakoram to Lesser Himalaya across the ITSZ got uplifted simultaneously in a particular sequence. This contradicts the concept of suturing, places the ITSZ in the category of one of the intracrustal thrusts of the Himalayan orogenic system and establishes the family affinity between the Karakoram and the Himalaya. Analysis of stratigraphic and structural data points out that this family affinity is not confined to the ranges only but extends beyond into the foreland and oceanic basins as well. This paper also explains a number of apparent contradictions in terrain geomorphology, ophiolites in suture zones, thickness anomaly of Himalaya-derived sediments in eastern and western wings of terrestrial and oceanic basins to the south of the ranges, the status of Mid-oceanic Ridges in global tectonics, convergence aspect between Himalaya and India, nature of Foothills Fault and metamorphism of early Tertiary sediments in the Himalayan foreland basin.
Additional Late Middle Cambrian Trilobites from Karsha Formation (Haimanta Group) Zanskar Region of Zanskar-Spiti Basin, Northwest Himalaya
Authors: Singh Birendra P. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract:
Additional latest Middle Cambrian polymerid trilobites are recorded from the Teta Member (Karsha Formation) along the Tangze-Yogma-Kuru section, Kurgiakh Valley, southeastern Zanskar, Northwest Himalaya. It includes record of a new genus Pianspis Saito & Sakakuru, 1936 of family Lisianiidae and others associated fauna comprises of Neoanomocarella asiatica (Lisianiidae), Parablackwelderia sp., (Damesellidae) and two undetermined pygidium and one unidentified cranidia. All these specimens are collected from the level representing the Lejopyge acantha Zone of Guzhangian Stage (Cambrian Series 3) of the Middle Cambrian. The fauna is mainly correlated with the South China, North Korea, Kazakhastan, Uzbekistan, Siberia and Australia.
Factor and Cluster Analysis of Water Quality Data of the Groundwater Wells of Kushtia, Bangladesh: Implication for Arsenic Enrichment and Mobilization
Authors: Hossain MD.Golzar , Reza A.H.M. Selim , Lutfun-Nessa MST , Ahmed Syed Samsuddin 
Published: April 2013

Abstract:
The study area is located in the southwestern part of Bangladesh. Twenty-six groundwater samples were collected from both shallow and deep tube wells ranging in depth from 20 to 60 m. Multivariate statistical analyses including factor analysis, cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling were applied to the hydrogeochemical data. The results show that a few factors adequately represent the traits that define water chemistry. The first factor of Fe and HCO3is strongly influenced by bacterial Fe (III) reduction which would raise both Fe and HCO3 concentrations in water. Na, Cl, Ca, Mg and PO4 are grouped under the second factor representing the salinity sources of waters. The third factor, represented by As, Mn, SO4 and K is related to As mobilization processes. Cluster analysis has been applied for the interpretation of the groundwater quality data. Initially Piper methods have been employed to obtain a first idea on the water types in the study area. Hierarchical cluster analysis was carried out for further classification of water types in the study area. Twelve components, namely, pH, Fe, Mn, As, Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO3, Cl, SO4 and NO3 have been used for this purpose. With hierarchical clustering analysis the water samples have been classified into 3 clusters. They are very high, high and moderately As-enriched groundwater as well as groundwater with elevated SO4.
Environmental Impact Assessment of Air and Heavy Metal Concentration in Groundwater of Maheshwaram Watershed, Ranga Reddy District, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Purushotham D. , Rashid Mehnaz , Lone Mahjoor Ahmad , Rao A. Narsing , Ahmed Shakeel , Nagaiah E. , Dar Farooq A. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract:
Anthropogenic activities in Maheshwaram watershed have deteriorated water, air and soil quality during the last ten years due to rapid urbanisation and industrial development. Maheshwaram watershed experienced drastic changes in land use pattern, being very close to the Hyderabad city. Base-line data was collected during post monsoon season (October-November) of 2010 in Maheshwaram watershed to assess the impacts of change in land use, urbanisation and industrialisation on air, water and soil quality for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). Air samples were analysed for Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) and Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM). Groundwater samples were analysed for pH; EC; TDS; TH; cations, anions and heavy metals viz., Fe, Mn, Al, Si, V, Cr, As, Sr, Rb, Se, Ba, Li, B, Be, Co, Ni, Zn, Cd, and Pb using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Analysed data were compared with the National and International Standards and subjected to Factor Analysis (FA) for six chemical variables to assess and characterise hydro-chemical processes. A comparison of the results of groundwater samples with WHO and BIS guidelines show that most of the groundwater samples are heavily contaminated with heavy metals like lead, chromium, nickel, barium, aluminium, boron and selenium, which was quantified and presented in the form of spatial variation diagrams prepared using ArcGIS. 9.3.1. Similarly the results of air samples compared with the Central Pollution Control Board, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India guidelines show that most of the air samples for residential, rural and industrial areas are contaminated by SPM and RSPM.
The Wan-An Fault and its Relationship with the Wan-An Basin, Western South China Sea
Authors: Zhifeng* Wan , Bin Xia , Qiuhua Shi , Feng Guo , Song Cai 
Published: April 2013

Abstract:
The Wan An Basin, a major basin located in the southwestern part of the South China Sea, is suggested to be closely related to the extrusion of the Indo-China Block. But the published documentation about the Wan An Basin is very sparse. High-resolution seismic reflection profiles obtained by the petroleum industry along the southwestern margin of the South China Sea provide us a chance to study the characteristics of the Wan-An fault and its relationship to the Wan-An Basin. The Wan-An Fault staggered strata in the Wan-An Basin and formed negative flower structures. The deformation related to the Wan-An fault is localized along the fault, while the strata away from the strike-slip fault were not affected. The characteristics of strike-slip extensional basin are not obvious in the Wan-An Basin. However, this basin has obvious characteristics of rift basin. Initial analysis shows that the Wan-An Basin should be a continental margin rift basin.
Unlocking Possibility of Blasting Near Residential Structure Using Electronic Detonators
Authors: Mishra Arvind K. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract:
Ever since development of human civilization, mining and agriculture has been the backbone of growth. Today the most developed countries of the world are the ones focused on core economical development, be it power generation, steel making, oil and gas production, or agriculture. Mining has been gaining importance over the years both from the economic perspective and as an area of sustained research. With the advent of globalization, things have changed very fast and today it is an industry that is driving the economies of several nations. Global competition has propelled countries to reach higher production levels through better techniques of drilling and blasting, excavation and mineral processing. We now have bigger and faster drill machines and excavators. In Explosives technology too significant progress has been made towards having safer explosives and accurate initiating systems that have increased overall control over blasting in terms of vibration, fragmentation, throw, fly rock and overall blast economics.
Explosives and Rock Blasting Technology has advanced so much in the last few decades that blasting can now be precisely performed, controlled and predicted. Development of new tools like electronic blasting systems and advanced simulation software has made it possible to customize blasting results as per requirement. These developments have helped mining engineer worldwide in reaping huge productivity benefits besides making it possible to meet the environmental norms even in most demanding conditions.
Inability to blast large size shots on account of proximity of mines to human habitation have always constrained mine management in fully leveraging the strength of large size production equipments. Mine managers have been forced to conduct small blasts on increased frequency to provide feed to large capacity shovels while compromising on Shovel productivity on account of undesirable movement of shovels during blasting. This paper deals with a case study at SEB quarry of Tata Steel wherein it was difficult to fire a big blast due to existing nearby structures. A critical scientific study was conducted before successfully firing of one of the biggest shot of 83 tonnes in the history of quarry. The paper discusses the issues being faced, alternate solutions opted and the final outcome.
THE COMMON EUROPEAN SALES LAW, CONSUMER PROTECTION AND OVERRIDING MANDATORY PROVISIONS IN PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW
Authors: Bisping Christopher 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis article analyses the relationship of the proposed Common European Sales Law (CESL) and the rules on mandatory and overriding provisions in private international law. The author argues that the CESL will not achieve its stated aim of taking precedence over these provisions of national law and therefore not lead to an increase in cross-border trade. It is pointed out how slight changes in drafting can overcome the collision with mandatory provisions. The clash with overriding mandatory provisions, the author argues, should be taken as an opportunity to rethink the definition of these provisions.
BUILDING A GLOBAL REDRESS SYSTEM FOR LOW-VALUE CROSS-BORDER DISPUTES
Authors: Cortés Pablo , de la Rosa Fernando Esteban 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis article examines UNCITRAL's draft Rules for Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) and argues that in low-value e-commerce cross-border transactions, the most effective consumer protection policy cannot be based on national laws and domestic courts, but on effective and monitored ODR processes with swift out-of-court enforceable decisions. The draft Rules propose a tiered procedure that culminates in arbitration. Yet, this procedure neither ensures out-of-court enforcement, nor does it guarantee compliance with EU consumer mandatory law. Accordingly, this article argues that the draft Rules may be inconsistent with the European approach to consumer protection.
THE INFLUENCE OF INCREASING LIFE EXPECTANCY ON THE DYNAMICS OF SIRS SYSTEMS WITH IMMUNE BOOSTING
Authors: DAFILIS M. P. , FRASCOLI F. , WOOD J. G. , MCCAW J. M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractEndemic infectious diseases constantly circulate in human populations, with prevalence fluctuating about a (theoretical and unobserved) time-independent equilibrium. For diseases for which acquired immunity is not lifelong, the classic susceptible–infectious–recovered–susceptible (SIRS) model provides a framework within which to consider temporal trends in the observed epidemiology. However, in some cases (notably pertussis), sustained multiannual fluctuations are observed, whereas the SIRS model is characterized by damped oscillatory dynamics for all biologically meaningful choices of model parameters. We show that a model that allows for “boosting” of immunity may naturally give rise to undamped oscillatory behaviour for biologically realistic parameter choices. The life expectancy of the population is critical in determining the characteristic dynamics of the system. For life expectancies up to approximately$50$years, we find that, even with boosting, damped oscillatory dynamics persist. For increasing life expectancy, the system may sustain oscillatory dynamics, or even exhibit bistable behaviour, in which both stable point attractor and limit cycle dynamics may coexist. Our results suggest that rising life expectancy may induce changes in the characteristic dynamics of infections for which immunity is not lifelong, with potential implications for disease control strategies.
Bacillus subtilisbiofilm induction by plant polysaccharides
Authors: Beauregard Pascale B. , Chai Yunrong , Vlamakis Hera , Losick Richard , Kolter Roberto 
Published: April 2013

SignificanceThe plant growth-promoting bacteriumBacillus subtilisis frequently found associated with plant roots where it protects plants from infection. Here, we demonstrate thatB. subtilisroot attachment depends on production of an extracellular matrix that holds the cells together in multicellular communities termed biofilms. We found that plant polysaccharides (major components of the plant’s cell wall) act as an environmental cue that triggers biofilm formation by the bacterium. Furthermore, these plant polysaccharides can serve as a carbon source used to produce the extracellular matrix. This work sheds light on how plants stimulate their colonization by this plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium.