bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shoulder Structure and Function Following the Modified Latarjet Procedure: A Clinical and Radiological Review
Authors: Garewal Devinder , Evans Mathew , Taylor David , Hoy Gregory A. , Barwood Shane , Connell David 
Published: August 2013

Background To evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of the modified Latarjet procedure for traumatic, antero-inferior glenohumeral joint instability. Methods Case series were used with a mean follow-up of 21.3 months for clinical and radiological review and 47.2 months for recurrent instability. Shoulder function was evaluated by clinical examination and validated shoulder scales: Western Ontario Shoulder Stability Index (WOSI), Melbourne Instability Shoulder Score (MISS) and l'Insalata Shoulder Questionnaire. Shoulder structure was evaluated by computed tomography. Results Thirty-two cases were enrolled (mean age 27.0 years). One patient reported a redislocation during the follow-up period. Clinical examination revealed that the median external rotation (at 0° and 90° abduction) was reduced on the operative side by 7.5° ( p < 0.01) and 10° ( p < 0.001), respectively. Subjective shoulder function was good. Mean (SD) scores on the WOSI, MISS and l'Insalata scales were 78.0 (19.7), 75.8 (11.5) and 89.3 (9.9), respectively. No loss of subscapularis strength was identified ( p > 0.05). Radiological evaluation revealed a mean (SD) pre-operative glenoid surface area loss of 169.5 (48.5) mm2 reconstituted surgically by a bone block of 225.4 (73.8) mm2. Subscapularis muscle bulk was reduced on the operative side, above the level of the muscle split ( p < 0.05). Conclusions The Latarjet procedure reliably restores lost glenoid surface area, shoulder stability, strength and function. A small loss of external rotation is expected and related to altered subscapularis anatomy.
Regulation of cell divisions and differentiation by MALE STERILITY32 is required for anther development in maize
Authors: Moon Jihyun , Skibbe David , Timofejeva Ljudmilla , Wang Chung‐Ju Rachel , Kelliher Timothy , Kremling Karl , Walbot Virginia , Cande William Zacheus 
Published: August 2013

SummaryMale fertility in flowering plants relies on proper division and differentiation of cells in the anther, a process that gives rise to four somatic layers surrounding central germinal cells. The maize gene male sterility32 (ms32) encodes a basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factor, which functions as an important regulator of both division and differentiation during anther development. After the four somatic cell layers are generated properly through successive periclinal divisions, in the ms32 mutant, tapetal precursor cells fail to differentiate, and, instead, undergo additional periclinal divisions to form extra layers of cells. These cells become vacuolated and expand, and lead to failure in pollen mother cell development. ms32 expression is specific to the pre‐meiotic anthers and is distributed initially broadly in the four lobes, but as the anther develops, its expression becomes restricted to the innermost somatic layer, the tapetum. The ms32‐ref mac1‐1 double mutant is unable to form tapetal precursors and also exhibits excessive somatic proliferation leading to numerous, disorganized cell layers, suggesting a synergistic interaction between ms32 and mac1. Altogether, our results show that MS32 is a major regulator in maize anther development that promotes tapetum differentiation and inhibits periclinal division once a tapetal cell is specified.
Comprehensive genotyping for 18 blood group systems using a multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification assay shows a high degree of accuracy
Authors: Haer‐Wigman Lonneke , Ji Yanli , Lodén Martin , de Haas Masja , van der Schoot C. Ellen , Veldhuisen Barbera 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundIn recent years genotyping methods have been implemented in blood banks as alternative to comprehensive serologic typing. We evaluated a newly developed assay for convenient and comprehensive genotyping of blood group alleles based on multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) technology.Study Design and MethodsWe analyzed 103 random and 150 selected samples to validate the specificity of the blood‐MLPA assay that is able to determine the presence, absence, and copy number of 48 blood group and 112 variant alleles of 18 blood group systems. A total of 4038 serologic typing results, including 52 different antigens, were available for these samples.ResultsIn 4018 (99.5%) of the 4038 serologic typing results the predicted phenotypes by the blood‐MLPA were in concordance with serologic typing. Twenty discordant results were due to false‐positive serologic results (n = 2), false‐negative serologic results (n = 1), inability of routine serologic typing to detect variant antigens (n = 14), or false‐positive prediction from the blood‐MLPA due to the presence of a null allele (n = 3).ConclusionThe blood‐MLPA reliably predicts the presence or absence of blood group antigens, including almost all clinically relevant blood group antigens, except ABO, in patients and donors. Furthermore, it is the first assay that determines copy numbers of blood group alleles in the same test. It even provides more detailed and accurate information than serologic typing, because most variant alleles are immediately recognized. Since only standard laboratory equipment is needed, this assay finally offers the possibility to comprehensively type recipients and makes extensive matching for selected patients groups more feasible.
Enhancement of Serum and Mucosal Immune Responses to a Haemophilus influenzae Type B Vaccine by Intranasal Delivery
Authors: Fernandez Stefan , Cisney Emily D. , Ulrich Robert G. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT

Intranasal (i.n.) vaccination is potentially the most direct method for conveying upper respiratory and mucosal immunity to respiratory pathogens. However, for unclear reasons, vaccines introduced into the nasal sinuses often have lower efficacy than vaccines administered by the more frequently used parenteral routes. We examined i.n. vaccination in a mouse immune-response model with a commonly used
Haemophilus influenzae
type B vaccine (Hibv) composed of the polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP) capsule antigen conjugated to tetanus toxoid. Intranasal vaccination with Hibv using a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist as an adjuvant significantly increased the levels of IgA specific for the PRP capsule antigen in blood serum, saliva, and mucosal secretion specimens. In contrast, control mice vaccinated transdermally (t.d.) with Hibv did not produce significant levels of PRP-specific IgA in the blood serum and saliva, and anti-PRP IgG was increased only in serum. The i.n. and t.d. vaccinations resulted in equivalent bactericidal antibody responses in blood serum, suggesting that vaccine-derived IgG is protective against infection. Elevated levels of IgG specific for the tetanus toxoid carrier protein were measured in nasal sinuses and vaginal secretions in mice vaccinated by either the t.d. or i.n. route. Tissue culture studies confirmed that the nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) was at least one of the sources of PRP-specific IgA and carrier-specific IgG within the nasal sinuses. We conclude that i.n. vaccination aided by a TLR4 agonist results in robust immune responses to both the carrier protein and bacterial polysaccharide components of the Hibv.
Increasing the Potency of an Alhydrogel-Formulated Anthrax Vaccine by Minimizing Antigen-Adjuvant Interactions
Authors: Watkinson Allan , Soliakov Andrei , Ganesan Ashok , Hirst Karie , LeButt Chris , Fleetwood Kelly , Fusco Peter C. , Fuerst Thomas R. , Lakey Jeremy H. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT
Aluminum salts are the most widely used vaccine adjuvants, and phosphate is known to modulate antigen-adjuvant interactions. Here we report an unexpected role for phosphate buffer in an anthrax vaccine (SparVax) containing recombinant protective antigen (rPA) and aluminum oxyhydroxide (AlOH) adjuvant (Alhydrogel). Phosphate ions bind to AlOH to produce an aluminum phosphate surface with a reduced rPA adsorption coefficient and binding capacity. However, these effects continued to increase as the free phosphate concentration increased, and the binding of rPA changed from endothermic to exothermic. Crucially, phosphate restored the thermostability of bound rPA so that it resembled the soluble form, even though it remained tightly bound to the surface. Batches of vaccine with either 0.25 mM (subsaturated) or 4 mM (saturated) phosphate were tested in a disease model at batch release, which showed that the latter was significantly more potent. Both formulations retained their potency for 3 years. The strongest aluminum adjuvant effects are thus likely to be via weakly attached or easily released native-state antigen proteins.
Inhibition of Mycobacterial GrowthIn Vitrofollowing Primary but Not Secondary Vaccination with Mycobacterium bovis BCG
Authors: Fletcher Helen A. , Tanner Rachel , Wallis Robert S. , Meyer Joel , Manjaly Zita-Rose , Harris Stephanie , Satti Iman , Silver Richard F. , Hoft Dan , Kampmann Beate , Walker K. Barry , Dockrell Hazel M. , Fruth Uli , Barker Lew , Brennan Michael J. , McShane Helen 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTDespite the widespread use of theMycobacterium bovisBCG vaccine, there are more than 9 million new cases of tuberculosis (TB) every year, and there is an urgent need for better TB vaccines. TB vaccine candidates are selected for evaluation based in part on the detection of an antigen-specific gamma interferon (IFN-γ) response. The measurement of mycobacterial growth in blood specimens obtained from subjects immunized with investigational TB vaccines may be a betterin vitrocorrelate ofin vivovaccine efficacy. We performed a clinical study with 30 United Kingdom adults who were followed for 6 months to evaluate the abilities of both a whole-blood- and a novel peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-based mycobacterial growth inhibition assay to measure a response to primary vaccination and revaccination with BCG. Using cryopreserved PBMCs, we observed a significant improvement in mycobacterial growth inhibition following primary vaccination but no improvement in growth inhibition following revaccination with BCG (P< 0.05). Mycobacterial growth inhibition following primary BCG vaccination was not correlated with purified protein derivative (PPD) antigen-specific IFN-γ enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) responses. We demonstrate that a mycobacterial growth inhibition assay can detect improved capacity to control growth following primary immunization, but not revaccination, with BCG. This is the first study to demonstrate that anin vitrogrowth inhibition assay can identify a difference in vaccine responses by comparing both primary and secondary BCG vaccinations, suggesting thatin vitrogrowth inhibition assays may serve as better surrogates of clinical efficacy than the assays currently used for the assessment of candidate TB vaccines.
Development of a Treatment Algorithm for Streptococci and Enterococci from Positive Blood Cultures Identified with the Verigene Gram-Positive Blood Culture Assay
Authors: Alby Kevin , Daniels Lindsay M. , Weber David J. , Miller Melissa B. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT
Seventy-eight blood cultures with a Gram stain result of Gram-positive cocci in pairs and/or chains were evaluated with the Nanosphere Verigene Gram-positive blood culture (BC-GP) assay. The overall concordance of the assay with culture was 89.7% (70/78 cultures), allowing for the development of a targeted treatment algorithm.
Simultaneous Detection of Major Drug Resistance Mutations in the Protease and Reverse Transcriptase Genes for HIV-1 Subtype C by Use of a Multiplex Allele-Specific Assay
Authors: Zhang Guoqing , Cai Fangping , Zhou Zhiyong , DeVos Joshua , Wagar Nick , Diallo Karidia , Zulu Isaac , Wadonda-Kabondo Nellie , Stringer Jeffrey S. A. , Weidle Paul J. , Ndongmo Clement B. , Sikazwe Izukanji , Sarr Abdoulaye , Kagoli Matthew , Nkengasong John , Gao Feng , Yang Chunfu 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT
High-throughput, sensitive, and cost-effective HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) detection assays are needed for large-scale monitoring of the emergence and transmission of HIVDR in resource-limited settings. Using suspension array technology, we have developed a multiplex allele-specific (MAS) assay that can simultaneously detect major HIVDR mutations at 20 loci. Forty-five allele-specific primers tagged with unique 24-base oligonucleotides at the 5′ end were designed to detect wild-type and mutant alleles at the 20 loci of HIV-1 subtype C. The MAS assay was first established and optimized with three plasmid templates (C-wt, C-mut1, and C-mut2) and then evaluated using 148 plasma specimens from HIV-1 subtype C-infected individuals. All the wild-type and mutant alleles were unequivocally distinguished with plasmid templates, and the limits of detection were 1.56% for K219Q and K219E, 3.13% for L76V, 6.25% for K65R, K70R, L74V, L100I, K103N, K103R, Q151M, Y181C, and I47V, and 12.5% for M41L, K101P, K101E, V106A, V106M, Y115F, M184V, Y188L, G190A, V32I, I47A, I84V, and L90M. Analyses of 148 plasma specimens revealed that the MAS assay gave 100% concordance with conventional sequencing at eight loci and >95% (range, 95.21% to 99.32%) concordance at the remaining 12 loci. The differences observed were caused mainly by 24 additional low-abundance alleles detected by the MAS assay. Ultradeep sequencing analysis confirmed 15 of the 16 low-abundance alleles. This multiplex, sensitive, and straightforward result-reporting assay represents a new efficient genotyping tool for HIVDR surveillance and monitoring.
Alerting Physicians during Electronic Order Entry Effectively Reduces Unnecessary Repeat PCR Testing for Clostridium difficile
Authors: Luo Robert F. , Spradley Suzanne , Banaei Niaz 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT

Hospital information systems (HIS) alerts restricting repeat
Clostridium difficile
PCR ordering by physicians in patients with a prior result within 7 days eliminated 91% of repeat tests, from 14.5% (282/1,949) repeats preintervention to 1.3% (135/10,285) postintervention. HIS alerting is an effective, targeted, patient-specific tool for improving the quality and utilization of
C. difficile
results.
Rapid Determination of Colistin Resistance in Clinical Strains of Acinetobacter baumannii by Use of the Micromax Assay
Authors: Tamayo Maria , Santiso Rebeca , Otero Fátima , Bou Germán , Lepe José Antonio , McConnell Michael J. , Cisneros José Miguel , Gosálvez Jaime , Fernández José Luis 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT

Colistin is an old antibiotic which has been used as a therapeutic option for carbapenem- and multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, like
Acinetobacter baumannii
. This pathogen produces life-threatening infections, mainly in patients admitted to intensive care units. Rapid detection of resistance to colistin may improve patient outcomes and prevent the spread of resistance. For this purpose, Micromax technology was evaluated in four isogenic
A. baumannii
strains with known mechanisms of resistance to colistin and in 66 isolates (50 susceptible and 16 resistant). Two parameters were determined, DNA fragmentation and cell wall damage. To assess DNA fragmentation, cells trapped in a microgel were incubated with a lysing solution to remove the cell wall, and the released nucleoids were visualized under fluorescence microscopy. Fragmented DNA was observed as spots that diffuse from the nucleoid. To assess cell wall integrity, cells were incubated with a lysis solution which removes only weakened cell walls, resulting in nucleoid release exclusively in affected cells. A dose-response relationship was demonstrated between colistin concentrations and the percentages of bacteria with DNA fragmentation and cell wall damage, antibiotic effects that were delayed and less frequent in resistant strains. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves demonstrated that both DNA fragmentation and cell wall damage were excellent parameters for identifying resistant strains. Obtaining ≤11% of bacteria with cell wall damage after incubation with 0.5 μg/ml colistin identified resistant strains of
A. baumannii
with 100% sensitivity and 96% specificity. Results were obtained in 3 h 30 min. This is a simple, rapid, and accurate assay for detecting colistin resistance in
A. baumannii
, with strong potential value in critical clinical situations.
The Toll and Imd Pathways Are Not Required for Wolbachia-Mediated Dengue Virus Interference
Authors: Rancès Edwige , Johnson Travis K. , Popovici Jean , Iturbe-Ormaetxe Iñaki , Zakir Tasnim , Warr Coral G. , O'Neill Scott L. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT

Wolbachia
blocks dengue virus replication in
Drosophila melanogaster
as well as in
Aedes aegypti
. Using the
Drosophila
model and mutations in the Toll and Imd pathways, we showed that neither pathway is required for expression of the dengue virus-blocking phenotype in the
Drosophila
host. This provides additional evidence that the mechanistic basis of
Wolbachia
-mediated dengue virus blocking in insects is more complex than simple priming of the host insect innate immune system.
Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Encodes a Mimic of Cellular miR-23
Authors: Manzano Mark , Shamulailatpam Priscilla , Raja Archana N. , Gottwein Eva 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) expresses ∼20 viral microRNAs (miRNAs) in latently infected cells. We have previously shown that two of these miRNAs function as mimics of the cellular miRNAs miR-155 and miR-142-3p. Two additional KSHV miRNAs, miR-K3+1 and miR-K3, share perfect and offset 5′ homology with cellular miR-23, respectively. Here, we report a single nucleotide polymorphism that causes miR-K3+1 expression in a subset of KSHV-infected primary effusion lymphoma cell lines as a consequence of altered processing of the primary transcript by the Microprocessor complex. We confirm that miR-K3+1 regulates miR-23 targets, which is expected because these miRNAs share the entire seed region (nucleotides 2 to 8). Surprisingly, we found that miR-K3 also regulates miR-23 targets, despite offset seed sequences. In addition, the offset homology of miR-K3 to miR-23 likely allows this viral miRNA to expand its target repertoire beyond the targets of miR-23. Because miR-23 is highly expressed in endothelial cells but expressed at only low levels in B cells, we hypothesize that miR-K3 may function to introduce miR-23-like activities into KSHV-infected B cells. Together, our data demonstrate that KSHV has evolved at least three distinct viral miRNAs to tap into evolutionarily conserved cellular miRNA-regulatory networks. Furthermore, our data allow fundamental insights into the generation and functional impact of miRNA 5′ end variation.
The Current Hepatitis C Virus Prevalence in China May Have Resulted Mainly from an Officially Encouraged Plasma Campaign in the 1990s: a Coalescence Inference with Genetic Sequences
Authors: Lu Ling , Tong Wangxia , Gu Lin , Li Chunhua , Lu Teng , Tee Kok Keng , Chen Guihua 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTIn this study, we investigated hepatitis C virus (HCV) molecular epidemiology and evolutionary dynamics. Both E1 and NS5B sequences were characterized in 379 of 433 patients in southern China and classified into five major subtypes: 1b in 256 patients, 6a in 67 patients, 2a in 29 patients, 3a in 14 patients, and 3b in 13 patients. Using the E1 sequences obtained, along with those from other studies using samples from China, we inferred the HCV epidemic history by means of coalescence strategies. Five Bayesian skyline plots (BSPs) were estimated for the five subtypes. They concurrently highlighted the rapid growth in the HCV-infected population size from 1993 to 2000, followed by an abrupt slowing. Although flanked on both sides by variable population sizes, the plots showed distinct patterns of rapid HCV growth. Coincidently, 1993 to 2000 was a period when contaminated blood transfusions were common in China due to a procedural error in an officially encouraged plasma campaign. The abrupt slowing in 1998 to 2000 corresponded to the central government outlawing paid blood donations in 1998. Using a parametric model, the HCV population growth rates were estimated during 1993 to 2000. It was revealed that the 6a rate was the highest, followed by those of 1b, 2a, 3b, and 3a. Because these rates differed significantly (P< 1e−9) from each other, they may help explain why 6a is increasingly prevalent in southern China and 1b is predominant nationwide. These rates are approximately 10-fold higher than those reported elsewhere. These findings suggested that during the plasma campaign, certain barriers to efficient viral transmission were removed, allowing wide HCV dissemination.
The Product of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Immediate Early Gene K4.2 Regulates Immunoglobulin Secretion and Calcium Homeostasis by Interacting with and Inhibiting pERP1
Authors: Wong Lai-Yee , Brulois Kevin , Toth Zsolt , Inn Kyung-Soo , Lee Sun-Hwa , O'Brien Kathryn , Lee Hyera , Gao Shou-Jiang , Cesarman Ethel , Ensser Armin , Jung Jae U. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT
Chaperones are proteins that assist the noncovalent folding and assembly of macromolecular polypeptide chains, ultimately preventing the formation of nonfunctional or potentially toxic protein aggregates. Plasma cell-induced-endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protein 1 (pERP1) is a cellular chaperone that is preferentially expressed in marginal-zone B cells and is highly upregulated during plasma cell differentiation. While initially identified as a dedicated factor for the assembly of secreted IgM, pERP1 has since been implicated in suppressing calcium mobilization, and its expression is misregulated in multiple tumors. A number of herpesvirus immediate early gene products play important roles in the regulation of viral gene expression and/or evasion of host immune responses. Here, we report that the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) immediate early viral gene K4.2 encodes an endoplasmic reticulum-localized protein that interacts with and inhibits pERP1. Consequently, K4.2 expression interfered with immunoglobulin secretion by delaying the kinetics of immunoglobulin assembly and also led to increased responsiveness of B-cell receptor signal transduction by enhancing phosphotyrosine signals and intracellular calcium fluxes. Furthermore, K4.2 expression also appeared to contribute to maximal lytic replication by enhancing viral glycoprotein expression levels and ultimately promoting infectious-virus production. Finally, immunohistochemistry analysis showed that pERP1 expression was readily detected in KSHV-positive cells from multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD) and Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) lesions, suggesting that pERP1 may have potential roles in the KSHV life cycle and malignancy. In conclusion, our data suggest that K4.2 participates in lytic replication by enhancing calcium flux and viral glycoprotein expression, but also by interfering with immunoglobulin assembly to potentially dampen the adaptive immune response.