bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoactive Self‐Shaping Hydrogels as Noncontact 3D Macro/Microscopic Photoprinting Platforms
Authors: Liao Yue , An Ning , Wang Ning , Zhang Yinyu , Song Junfei , Zhou Jinxiong , Liu Wenguang 
Published: October 2015

A photocleavable terpolymer hydrogel cross‐linked with o‐nitrobenzyl derivative cross‐linker is shown to be capable of self‐shaping without losing its physical integrity and robustness due to spontaneous asymmetric swelling of network caused by UV‐light‐induced gradient cleavage of chemical cross‐linkages. The continuum model and finite element method are used to elucidate the curling mechanism underlying. Remarkably, based on the self‐changing principle, the photosensitive hydrogels can be developed as photoprinting soft and wet platforms onto which specific 3D characters and images are faithfully duplicated in macro/microscale without contact by UV light irradiation under the cover of customized photomasks. Importantly, a quick response (QR) code is accurately printed on the photoactive hydrogel for the first time. Scanning QR code with a smartphone can quickly connect to a web page. This photoactive hydrogel is promising to be a new printing or recording material.
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Banisteriopsis caapi, a Forgotten Potential Therapy for Parkinson's Disease?
Authors: Djamshidian Atbin , Bernschneider‐Reif Sabine , Poewe Werner , Lees Andrew J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBanisteriopsis caapi, a liana indigenous to the Amazon basin with metagnomigenic properties and possible anti‐depressant effects is one of the natural sources of harmala alkaloids. A summary of early trials with extracts of Banisteriopsis caapi and Peganum harmala (from which harmine was first isolated) in the 1920s and 1930s on various forms of parkinsonism is given as well as a brief overview of the known pharmacological properties of harmine. Despite its earlier abandonment because of perceived weaker efficacy than solanaceous alkaloids like scopolamine and hyoscine we propose that harmine should be reconsidered as a potential rapidly acting anti‐Parkinsonian agent.
Correlation between electromyography and quantitative ultrasonography of facial muscles in patients with facial palsy
Authors: Volk Gerd Fabian , Leier Christian , Guntinas‐lichius Orlando 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTIntroductionIn this study we correlated results of ultrasonographic muscle thickness and contractility with facial electromyography (EMG) in patients with unilateral peripheral acute or chronic facial palsy.MethodsTwo hundred twenty measurements of 4 facial muscles (frontalis, orbicularis oculi, zygomaticus, and orbicularis oris) were performed in 44 patients.ResultsFacial muscle thickness at rest and during muscle contraction correlated best with EMG insertional activity, and facial muscle contractility correlated with EMG voluntary activity. The correlation was much higher at >14 days after onset of facial palsy. The orbicularis oris, followed by the frontalis muscle, showed the best correlation between ultrasound and EMG.ConclusionsQuantitative ultrasound of facial muscles helps confirm the results of facial EMG and is of particular additional value in the first 14 days after onset when the reliability of EMG is low. Muscle Nerve 53: 755–761, 2016
VBN‐based nomograms provide critical voiding parameters which can be used for invasive or non‐invasive flow interpretation of women at risk of obstruction over time
Authors: Valentini Françoise A. , Nelson Pierre P. , Zimmern Philippe E. 
Published: October 2015

AimsTo design a simple office‐based method to evaluate characteristic parameters from free uroflowmetries (FF) or pressure flow studies (PFs). This method can be applied by any physician to any recording, for instance in the follow‐up of women at risk of developing outflow obstruction over time after surgical interventions.MethodUsing pressure‐flow studies (PFs), a reliable evaluation of urethral obstruction (U) and detrusor contractility (k) parameters could be obtained from the maximum flow rate and detrusor pressure at maximum flow rate. Nomograms for these parameters were derived from theoretical computations using the VBN model. Then, to allow an evaluation of the real urethral obstruction, a protocol was designed incorporating FF data in the follow‐up of women suspected of urethral obstruction.ResultsTwo nomograms were obtained: (1) A urethral obstruction nomogram allowing to define a Woman Obstruction Index (WOI = pdet.Qmax – 0.5*Qmax) which has the same structure than the A‐G number in men. (2) A detrusor contractility nomogram which was generalized to all initial bladder volumes. The curves were fitted by algebraic equations easily programmable on any handheld device.ConclusionUsing a mathematical model of micturition and data extracted from PFs, two nomograms on urethral obstruction and detrusor contractility were designed. This tool offers a rapid and practical method for the clinician to follow women at risk of obstruction over time. Its applications will be the purpose of further studies. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:37–42, 2017. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tribological properties of polyimide fabric‐epoxy composites modified by hollow silica microspheres
Authors: Wang Huaiyuan , Sun Liyuan , Zhu Yanji , Li Meiling , Chen Jing 
Published: October 2015

The polyimide (PI) fabric/epoxy (EP) composites modified with different content of micro‐SiO2 hollow spheres were prepared by dip‐coating and subsequently hot‐press process. For comparison, the pure EP and the unmodified PI fabric/EP composite were also fabricated. The differential scanning calorimetry was conducted to investigate the crosslinking reaction of composites. The results indicated that there exhibited a remarkable improvement in the mechanical and tribological properties of PI fabric/EP composites after incorporating the micro‐SiO2. The best tribological properties were obtained when the content of micro‐SiO2 was 2 wt%, whose wear rate was 71.9% lower than that of unmodified PI fabric/EP composite. The worn surfaces were observed by a scanning electron microscope to illustrate the friction mechanisms. Note that the skeleton network structure of fabric throughout the whole composites supported the matrix. At the same time, the microparticulates filled in the interstices of fabrics interwoven structure and the gaps between layers of fabrics, which propped up the skeleton network of fabric under the high frictional load and afford excellent interface between fabrics and EP. This ensures the outstanding tribological properties of PI fabric/EP composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:2283–2293, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Supramolecular polymer gels from polystyrene bearing cyclic amidine Group and acrylic acid/n‐butyl acrylate copolymers
Authors: Sakuragi Mina , Aoyagi Naoto , Furusho Yoshio , Endo Takeshi 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTWe have prepared supramolecular polymer gels by mixing solutions of a polystyrene bearing cyclic amidine pendant groups (Poly‐A) and copolymers of acrylic acid and n‐butyl acrylate (Poly‐C), followed by evaporation. FT‐IR analysis indicated that the gels were formed through three‐dimensional network of the amidinium‐carboxylate salt bridge. DSC study showed that the Poly‐A and the Poly‐C were miscible when the salt bridge content was high. On the other hand, the mixtures with small salt bridge content showed phase separation. Dynamic shear measurements showed that the gel prepared from Poly‐A and Poly‐C with acrylic acid unit content of 15% had G' higher than G″ over a temperature range of −22 °C to 32 °C, in which the G' value reached almost 1 MPa. The gel had a crossover point of G' and G″ at 32 °C, very close to room temperature, which suggested facile processability. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 765–770
Effect of the C/O ratio in graphene oxide materials on the reinforcement of epoxy‐based nanocomposites
Authors: Vallés Cristina , Beckert Fabian , Burk Laura , Mülhaupt Rolf , Young Robert J. , Kinloch Ian A. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThe effect of the C/O ratio of graphene oxide materials on the reinforcement and rheological percolation of epoxy‐based nanocomposites has been studied. As‐prepared graphene oxide (GO) and thermally‐reduced graphene oxide (TRGO) with higher C/O ratios were incorporated into an epoxy resin matrix at loadings from 0.5 to 5 wt %. Tensile testing revealed good reinforcement of the polymer up to optimal loadings of 1 wt %, whereas agglomeration of the flakes at higher loadings caused the mechanical properties of the composites to deteriorate. The level of reduction (C/O) of the graphene oxide filler was found to influence the mechanical and rheological properties of the epoxy composites. Higher oxygen contents were found to lead to stronger interfaces between graphene and epoxy, giving rise to higher effective Young's moduli of the filler and thus to superior mechanical properties of the composite. The effective modulus of the GO in the nanocomposites was found to be up to 170 GPa. Furthermore, rheological analysis showed that highly oxidized graphene flakes did not raise the viscosity of the epoxy resin significantly, facilitating the processing considerably, of great importance for the development of these functional polymeric materials. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 281–291
Quality of life and late‐effects among childhood brain tumor survivors: a mixed method analysis
Authors: Gunn Mirja Erika , Mört Susanna , Arola Mikko , Taskinen Mervi , Riikonen Pekka , Möttönen Merja , Lähteenmäki Päivi Maria 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundReports on the quality of life (QOL) of childhood brain tumor (BT) survivors have been inconsistent. As cognitive limitations may restrict their participation in questionnaire‐based studies, our aim was to evaluate in depth the QOL with a mixed‐method analysis.MethodsThe 5‐year survivors of childhood BTs born in 1975–2000 and alive in 2010 were identified via the Finnish Cancer Registry and treating clinics. Twenty‐one survivors (32%) participated in a mixed‐method analysis including 15D (a general health‐related QOL questionnaire), the Beck Depression Inventory, and a qualitative semi‐structured interview.ResultsBased on the 15D‐questionnaire, the BT survivors had an impaired health‐related QOL in several dimensions such as speech and usual activities. On the other hand, no difference was found in other dimensions such as distress or vitality. A majority (95%) of the survivors showed no increased risk for depression. The qualitative interview revealed that the most important aspects affecting the QOL of the survivors were positive mental growth, negative conceptions concerning illness, living one day at a time, age at diagnosis, time since diagnosis, social relationships, learning disabilities and limitations in vocational opportunities, limitations in independent life, and changed understanding of the term ‘health’.ConclusionsChildhood BT survivors have heterogeneous attitudes on QOL. The survivors assess social aspects to be more important than functionality for their QOL. Social concerns should actively be brought up to offer support for those with significant social difficulties. Interventions for social difficulties should be more actively developed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiple breath washout cannot be used for tidal breath parameter analysis in infants
Authors: Banton Georgia L. , Hall Graham L. , Tan Mark , Skoric Billy , Ranganathan Sarath C. , Franklin Peter J. , Pillow J. Jane , Schulzke Sven M. , Simpson Shannon J. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryBackgroundMultiple breath washout (MBW) testing with SF6 gas mixture is routinely used to assess ventilation distribution in infants. It is currently unknown whether SF6 changes tidal breathing parameters during MBW in infants. We investigated if SF6 does change tidal breathing parameters in infants and whether a separate tidal breathing trace prior to MBW testing is necessary.MethodsTidal breathing during MBW was compared to standard tidal breathing in room air in healthy infants (n = 38), preterm infants (n = 41), and infants with cystic fibrosis (n = 41). Outcomes included inspiratory and expiratory times (TI and TE), time to peak tidal inspiratory and expiratory flow (tPTIF and tPTEF), tidal volume (VT), respiratory rate (f), and minute ventilation (VE).ResultsBreath times were all significantly increased for both healthy (TE: −0.0790 [−0.10566, −0.05217]; mean difference [95% confidence intervals]) and CF (−0.109 [−0.15235, −0.06607]) infants during the MBW wash‐in (P < 0.001). Healthy infants and those with CF showed decreased f during MBW wash‐in (P < 0.001); however, no change in VT, resulting in a decreased VE (0.154 (0.086, 0.222) and 0.128 (0.069, 0.186) for healthy and CF infants, respectively, P < 0.001). Preterm infants experienced a decreased VE during both wash‐in (0.134 [0.061, 0.207]; P < 0.001) and wash‐out phases of MBW (P < 0.05).ConclusionThere are differences in tidal breathing parameters during MBW testing with SF6 in infants. It is, therefore, important to measure a separate tidal breathing trace in room air, prior to MBW testing to ensure rigour of tidal breath indices derived from analysis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:531–540. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Upregulation of 14‐3‐3 eta in chronic liver fluke infection is a potential diagnostic marker of cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Haonon Ornuma , Rucksaken Rucksak , Pinlaor Porntip , Pairojkul Chawalit , Chamgramol Yaovalux , Intuyod Kitti , Onsurathum Sudarat , Khuntikeo Narong , Pinlaor Somchai 
Published: October 2015

PurposeTo discover protein markers in chronic/advanced opisthorchiasis for the early detection of Opisthorchis viverrini (OV)‐associated cholangiocarcinoma (CCA).Experimental designLiver tissues derived from normal hamsters and those with chronic/advanced opisthorchiasis (n = 5 per group) were subjected to 2DE and LC‐MS/MS. Candidate protein expression was confirmed in hamster models and human CCA tissue microarray (TMA) using immunohistochemistry and Western blot.ResultProteomics analysis detected 14‐3‐3 eta only in infected hamsters, not in uninfected controls. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis confirmed low expression of 14‐3‐3 eta in normal hamster livers and demonstrated increased expression through time in infected livers. This protein was also observed in parasite organs, especially during the chronic phase of opisthorchiasis. Moreover, increased expression of 14‐3‐3 eta, relative to normal hamster livers, was observed during the early stage of CCA induced by OV infection and administration of N‐nitrosodimethylamine. Immunohistochemical analysis of human TMA revealed that 14‐3‐3 eta was highly expressed in CCA (84.23%, 187/222 cases) but was not found in hepatocellular carcinoma or healthy liver tissues.Conclusions and clinical relevance14‐3‐3 eta protein has potential as a screening and early diagnostic marker for CCA.
Caenorhabditis elegansNONO‐1: Insights into DBHS protein structure, architecture, and function
Authors: Knott Gavin J. , Lee Mihwa , Passon Daniel M. , Fox Archa H. , Bond Charles S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMembers of the Drosophila behavior/human splicing (DBHS) protein family have been characterized in the vertebrates Homo sapiens and Mus musculus, and the invertebrates Drosophila melanogaster and Chironomus tentans. Collectively, both vertebrate and invertebrate DBHS proteins function throughout gene regulation, largely but not always, within the nucleus. In this study, we report a structural and bioinformatic analysis of the DBHS protein family to guide future studies into DBHS protein function. To explore the structural plasticity of the family, we describe the 2.4 Å crystal structure of Caenorhabditis elegans non‐POU domain‐containing octamer‐binding protein 1 (NONO‐1). The structure is dimeric, with a domain arrangement consistent with mammalian DBHS proteins. Comparison with the DBHS structures available from H. sapiens reveals that there is inherent domain flexibility within the homologous DBHS region. Mapping amino acid similarity within the family to the NONO‐1 dimer highlights the dimer interface, coiled‐coil oligomerization motif, and putative RNA binding surfaces. Surprisingly, the interior surface of RNA recognition motif 2 (RRM2) that faces a large internal void is highly variable, but the external β2–β3 loops of RRM2 show remarkable preservation. Overall, the DBHS region is under strong purifying selection, whereas the sequences N‐ and C‐terminal to the DBHS region are less constrained. The findings described in this study provide a molecular basis for further investigation into the mechanistic function of the DBHS protein family in biology.
Effect of self‐assembling peptide P11‐4 on enamel erosion: AFM and SEM studies
Authors: Ceci Matteo , Mirando Maria , Beltrami Riccardo , Chiesa Marco , Colombo Marco , Poggio Claudio 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThe aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the protective effect of self‐assembling peptide P11‐4 (Curodont™ Protect/Credentis) on enamel erosion produced by a soft‐drink, by using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Thirty human incisors were equally and randomly assigned to 6 groups. Group 1: intact enamel, group 2: soft drink, group 3: Curodont™ Protect applied, group 4: Curodont™ Protect applied + soft drink, group 5: soft drink + Curodont™ Protect applied, group 6: soft drink + Curodont™ Protect applied + soft drink. Specimens were observed through atomic force microscopy (AFM). The root mean‐square roughness (Rrms) was obtained from the AFM images and the differences in the averaged values among the groups were analyzed by Shapiro–Wilk test in order to assess the normality of the distribution. Parametric ANOVA and post hoc Tuckey test were performed to assess the differences between the different groups. After demineralization process, enamel demonstrated a high degree of surface porosity. This morphological aspect was reflected in the increase of Rrms values. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were reported between intact enamel and enamel only treated with P11‐4 and between eroded enamel and enamel treated with P11‐4 and then demineralized. However significant differences (p < 0.05) were recorded when comparing softened enamel with softened enamel further remineralized with biomimetic self‐assembling peptides and enamel treated with the protective paste between two acid attacks. The use of P11‐4 remineralizing may offer a degree of protection from enamel erosion. SCANNING 38:344–351, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Understanding network formation in strategy research: Exponential random graph models
Authors: (Rose) Kim Ji Youn , Howard Michael , Cox Pahnke Emily , Boeker Warren 
Published: October 2015

Research summary: This article uses Exponential Random Graph Models (ERGMs) to advance strategic management research, focusing on an application to board interlock network tie formation. Networks form as the result of actor attributes as well as through the influence of existing ties. Conventional regression models require assumptions of independence between observations, and fail to incorporate endogenous structural effects of the observed network.ERGMsrepresent a methodological innovation for network formation research given their ability to model actor attributes along with endogenous structural processes. We illustrate these advantages by modeling board interlock formation among Fortune 100 firms. We also demonstrate howERGMsoffer significant opportunities to extend existing strategy research and open new pathways in multiparty alliances, microfoundations of interorganizational network formation, and multiplexity of ties among actors.Managerial summary: Social networks are increasingly important in the business world, not only between individuals but also between organizations. Firms can obtain information, resources, and status through their external network connections, and understanding how these outside ties form is an important goal of strategy research. Our paper helps advance this effort by introducing a new tool for social network analysis, Exponential Random Graph Models (ERGMs) to the management and strategy fields. We provide an example of this method, demonstrating how social network ties form between companies when they hire common directors to their boards. Executives can benefit from this research through a greater understanding of how corporate relationships are built with allies as well as among competitors. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mind the gap: The interplay between external and internal actions in the case of corporate social responsibility
Authors: Hawn Olga , Ioannou Ioannis 
Published: October 2015

Research summary: We explore the effect of the interplay between a firm's external and internal actions on market value in the context of corporate social responsibility (CSR). Specifically, drawing from the neo‐institutional theory, we distinguish between external and internal CSR actions and argue that they jointly contribute to the accumulation of intangible firm resources and are therefore associated with better market value. Importantly, though, we find that, on average, firms undertake more internal than external CSR actions, and we theorize that a wider gap between external and internal actions is negatively associated with market value. We confirm our hypotheses empirically, using the market‐value equation and a sample comprising 1,492 firms in 33 countries from 2002 to 2008. Finally, we discuss implications for future research and practice.Managerial summary: Companies often accumulate intangible assets by taking internally and externally oriented CSR actions. Contrary to popular beliefs, the data show that they undertake more internal than external ones: firms do more and communicate less. How does a potential gap (i.e., a misalignment) between internal and external CSR actions affect a firm's market value? We find that although together (the sum of) internal and external actions are positively associated with market value, a wider gap has negative implications. In other words, firms do not realize the full benefits of their internal actions when such actions are not externally communicated to key stakeholders, and to the investment community in particular. This negative association with market value is particularly salient in CSR‐intensive and the natural resources and extractives industries. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.