bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Markers of Low-Grade Inflammation for the Early Time Course of Glycemic Control, Glucose Disappearance Rate, and β-Cell Function in Recently Diagnosed Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Weber Katharina S. , Nowotny Bettina , Strassburger Klaus , Pacini Giovanni , Müssig Karsten , Szendroedi Julia , Herder Christian , Roden Michael ,   for the GDS Group
Published: July 2015

OBJECTIVE
Inflammatory processes are involved in the progression of insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction in individuals with prediabetes and contribute to the development of diabetes. We hypothesized that higher levels of biomarkers of low-grade inflammation are associated with the early progression of recently diagnosed diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Within the prospective German Diabetes Study, patients with recently diagnosed type 1 (n = 42) and type 2 (n = 94) diabetes underwent detailed metabolic characterization within the first year after diagnosis and 2 years thereafter. Associations between changes in markers of low-grade inflammation with changes in glycemic control, β-cell function, and glucose disappearance rate were assessed using multivariable linear regression analysis. Associations were adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking status, and 2-year changes in BMI, smoking status, and glucose-lowering medication.

RESULTS
Patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes exhibited good glucometabolic control at baseline (mean HbA1c 7.08 ± 1.58% [54 ± 17 mmol/mol] and 6.43 ± 0.98% [47 ± 11 mmol/mol], respectively) and 2 years thereafter (mean HbA1c 7.03 ± 1.20% [53 ± 13 mmol/mol] and 6.62 ± 1.14% [49 ± 13], respectively). Two-year increases of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin), and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in type 2 diabetes and of IL-18 in type 1 diabetes were associated with 2-year increases of HbA1c. Additionally, 2-year increases of sE-selectin were associated with 2-year decreases of prehepatic β-cell function in type 2 diabetes (all P &lt; 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
These data indicate that with the clinical onset of diabetes, low-grade inflammation relates to worsening of glycemia and that endothelial activation may contribute to decreasing β-cell function.
Livestock depredations and attitudes of local pastoralists toward carnivores in the Qinghai Lake Region, China
Authors: Li Chunlin , Jiang Zhigang , Li Chunwang , Tang Songhua , Li Feng , Luo Zhenhua , Ping Xiaoge , Liu Zhao , Chen Jing , Fang Hongxia 
Published: July 2015

As human population increase, human‐wildlife conflicts have reached unprecedented levels, often resulting in negative attitudes toward regional conservation initiatives, and thus are of concern for conservation communities. From April to May 2011, we carried out a survey to quantify carnivore‐induced livestock losses perceived by local pastoralists in the Qinghai Lake region on the pastoral Qinghai—Tibetan Plateau and examined the ecological and socio‐economic dimensions in the conflict. We finished 286 in‐person interviews using a semi‐structured questionnaire with mixed closed‐ and open‐ended questions. Our results showed that 93.7% of the respondents reported livestock depredations by carnivores from March 2010 to March 2011. The perceived losses represented 3.7% of total standing value of livestock in the region. The losses were positively correlated with livestock number in each household and showed significant seasonal and diurnal difference. Adult sheep and goats were the mostly killed (54.9%), followed by lambs (21.0%), adult yaks and cattle (19.1%), calves (4.9%) and horses (0.1%). More than 80% of the respondents reported that they could not tolerate the contemporaneous depredations and nearly two thirds expected compensations for their losses. Wolf Canis lupus was blamed for most of the killings (76.0%) and was perceived most negative followed by brown bear Ursus arctos, Tibetan fox Vulpes ferrilata, red fox Vulpes vulpes and raptors. Attitudes toward the problem carnivores were positively correlated with livestock size but negatively with magnitudes of the depredations. The attitudes also varied among the three survey sites, which may be attributed to the different extent of openness and livelihood dependence on animal husbandry. In the light of our results, we suggested possible measures to mitigate the conflict and maintain coexistence between human and wild carnivores on the Qinghai—Tibetan Plateau.
LCF Coupling Failure in a Two-Feet Light Railway
Authors: Neidel A. , Giller M. , Riesenbeck S. , Scholz A. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The failure of a coupling in a two-feet light railway occurred when the engine began to move out of a station. According to the machinist who operated the steam engine at the time of failure, a number of railcars were coupled to the engine. The railcars carried an unusual high number of passengers but were not over-loaded. The crack was driven by a mode that was cyclic in nature. The crack propagated in a fully reversed bending mode. It could be ascertained that the crack propagated in a low cycle fatigue (LCF) mode.
The Quality of Prepared Specimens of Si-Wafers for Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Kolb F. , Deluca M. , Maier G. A. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In order to be able to carry out reliable measurements using a Raman Spectrometer it is important to know what stresses and localised changes have been induced in the specimen by the preparation process. To investigate this, a trial was set up to investigate the changes which occur in the structure of the material as a result of the specimen preparation process, thus leading to an optimum method of preparation for Raman Spectroscopy.
La jeunesse de Charles le Téméraire d'après les comptes de la cour de Bourgogne
Authors: Sommé Monique 
Published: July 2015

Karel van Charolais heeft zijn jeugd doorgebracht in een grote familiale groep bestaande uit zijn talrijke neven en nichten van de takken van Nevers, van Kleef en Bourbon, daarna ook van Portugal, die door Philips de Goede aan zijn hof opgevoed werden en door huwelijken verenigd. De boe- ken van de algemene inkomsten en de dagelijkse rekeningen laten toe de samenstelling van zijn huis, mannen en vrouwen, hun loon en de stabiliteit van de betrekking te kennen.
Karel werd geboren te Dijon, waar hij met zijn moeder tot 1435 woonde, dan volgde hij haar naar het noorden. Op de jaren 1440-1446 na, toen hij in Brussel resideerde met zijnjonge echtgenote Catherina van Frankrijk, kende hij het reizende bestaan van zijn ouders in de voornaamste residen- ties van de Nederlanden.
L'église Saint-Michel de Flines-les-Râches (Nord)
Authors: Barbieux J. 
Published: July 2015

L'église Saint-Michel de Flines-les-Râches est un édifice complexe qui résulte d'agrandissements successifs. Chaque morceau de ce « manteau d'arlequin » est ainsi le témoin d'une époque architecturale. Après avoir décrit chacune de ces parties, on tente de retracer l'évolution de cette église.
1er état : plan basilical à trois nefs — vers le XIe siècle, 2e état : ajout d'un clocher — XIe et XIIe siècles, 3e état : croisillon sud et porche — fin XIIIe ou XIVe siècle, 4e état : chœur et chapelle nord — fin XVe, début XVIe siècle,
5e état : bas-côté sud-ouest 1561. La dernière grande phase d'agrandissement date de 1851.
Advances in diagnostic interventional pulmonology
Authors: Al-Zubaidi Nassar , Soubani Ayman O 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe recent advances in diagnostic pulmonary procedures have revolutionized the evaluation of abnormal thoracic findings including lung nodules and masses, mediastinal lymphadenopathy, and pleural diseases. Bronchoscopies with endobronchial ultrasonography and electromagnetic navigation are examples of new technology that has significantly improved the specificity and sensitivity of these procedures in diagnosis and staging of lung cancer without the need for more invasive procedures. This report describes the different diagnostic pulmonary interventions providing a description of the procedures, their indications, diagnostic yield and drawback.
Ascending pharyngeal artery arising from a hypoplastic internal carotid artery
Authors: Sidani Charif A , Sulaiman Rami , Rahal Amr , Campbell Danea J 
Published: July 2015

AbstractNormal vascular variants often have clinical/surgical significance and can be misinterpreted for pathology. We report a case ascending pharyngeal artery arising from a hypoplastic internal carotid artery. We provide clues to differentiate between dysgenesis and disease/thrombosis of the internal carotid artery.
The Effect of Glycopyrrolate on Induction Dose of Propofol during General Anesthesia
Authors: Arora Suman , Hegde Harihar Vishwanath , Wig Jyotsna , Puri Goverdhan Dutt 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

Background
Preinduction cardiac output (CO) is a small but significant predictor of induction dose of propofol. We hypothesized that glycopyrrolate, by inducing tachycardia (although to a small extent) would increase CO, and hence the induction dose of propofol. Aim of the study was to find out the dose of propofol required to induce anesthesia in patients receiving glycopyrrolate as compared to those not receiving it.

Meterials and methods
Eighty female patients (25-60 years, ASA-1, 2) undergoing elective procedures under general anesthesia were randomized into group G (glycopyrrolate) and group C (control). Patients received 1 ml (0.2 mg) glycopyrrolate (group G) or 1 ml normal saline (group C) intravenously 5 minutes before induction. Anesthesia was induced with propofol at a rate of 0.8 mg/kg/min titrated to achieve a target BIS = 40. Dose of propofol required for induction of anesthesia (loss of consciousness) and to reach the target BIS, heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) at various intervals were compared. Correlation between the dose of propofol required to reach target BIS = 40 and heart rate after giving the test drug was performed by regression analysis.

Results
The dose of propofol required for achieving target BIS was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in group G (2.08 ± 0.42 mg/kg) (mean ± SD) as compared to group C (1.66 ± 0.23 mg/ kg). There was a significant positive correlation between the preinduction HR (3 minutes after giving the test drug) and the propofol dose required to reach target BIS = 40 (r = 0.356, p < 0.01).

Conclusion
Administration of 0.2 mg of glycopyrrolate intravenously before induction of general anesthesia significantly increased the dose of propofol required for induction of anesthesia.

How to cite this article
Arora S, Hegde HV, wig J, Puri GD. The Effect of Glycopyrrolate on Induction Dose of Propofol during General Anesthesia. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2015;49(2): 62-65.
Solitary Fibular Metastasis from Hilar Adenocarcinoma of Lung
Authors: Dasan Arul , Kalanayak Vasanthakumar , Deepashri B 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT
Adenocarcinoma constitutes 25 to 30% of cases of bronchogenic carcinoma. Most cases of pulmonary adenocarcinoma present as peripheral nodules rather than a central mass. It is the most common type of bronchogenic carcinoma in nonsmokers. Skeletal metastasis from bronchogenic carcinoma occurs most commonly to the spine, pelvis and femur. Solitary skeletal metastasis especially to bones below the elbow and knee is rare. We present a case of adenocarcinoma arising from right intermediate bronchus with solitary skeletal metastasis to the left fibula. Multimodality imaging is used for the diagnosis and characterization of the mass as well as the metastasis.

How to cite this article
Dasan A, Kalanayak V, Deepashri B. Solitary Fibular Metastasis from Hilar Adenocarcinoma of Lung. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2015;49(2):79-82.
Automatization and familiarity in repeated checking: A replication
Authors: Dek Eliane C.P. , van den Hout Marcel A. , Giele Catharina L. , Engelhard Iris M. 
Published: July 2015

Repetitive, compulsive-like checking of an object leads to reductions in memory confidence, vividness, and detail. Experimental research suggests that this is caused by increased familiarity with perceptual characteristics of the stimulus and automatization of the checking procedure (Dek, van den Hout, Giele, & Engelhard, 2014). This suggests that defamiliarization by modifying perceptual characteristics of the stimulus will result in de-automatization and attenuation of the meta-memory effects. However, this was not found (Dek et al., 2014), but the manipulation may have been too weak. In two experiments, the present investigation examined whether modification of the defamiliarization procedure (i.e., enlarging the amount of color alterations of the stimuli) would result in de-automatization and attenuation of the metamemory effects. Undergraduates performed a checking task, in which they activated, de-activated, and checked stimuli. Meta-memory was rated after a pre- and post-test checking trial. Simultaneously, automatization of checking was measured with a reaction time task during the pre- and post-test checking trial. In the reaction time task participants responded as quickly as possible to tones. In both experiments, perseverative checking reduced memory confidence, vividness, and detail, and led to automatization of checking behavior. In Experiment I, moderate defamiliarization led to de-automatization, but did not attenuate meta-memory effects of checking. In Experiment II, strong defamiliarization did not lead to de-automatization, but did reduce the detrimental effects of re-checking on memory confidence and vividness. This research suggests that automatization is a potential mechanism underlying the paradoxical phenomenon of perseveration leading to memory uncertainty.
Was Afrikan Spir a Phenomenalist?: And What Difference Does It Make for Understanding Nietzsche?
Authors: Green Michael S. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT
I have argued that Nietzsche was influenced by Afrikan Spir's falsification thesis, according to which all empirical judgments are false because they attempt to impose the necessity, unity, and timelessness of thought upon the contingency, plurality, and successiveness of sensations. My reading has been challenged by Nadeem Hussain, who claims that it ignores Spir's phenomenalism. For the phenomenalist, true judgments about sensations are possible. I argue here that Hussain reads Spir as a phenomenalist only because he mistakenly concentrates on the first book of Spir's major work, Denken und Wirklichkeit, before Spir presented his argument for falsificationism. When the rest of Spir's work is considered, it is clear that Spir believes that even sensations cannot be thought without falsity. I end with a brief discussion of the consequences of my argument for understanding Nietzsche.
An algorithm for the approximate solution of nonlinear total time fractional-order Burger equation
Authors: Neamaty A. , Agheli B. , Darzi R. 
Published: July 2015

In this paper we have established the simplest equation method to find approximate solutions for total Burgurs equations with time fractional derivative. This method is effective in finding approximate traveling wave solutions of nonlinear, fractional evolution equations (NLEEs) in mathematical physics.
The effectiveness of this manageable method has been shown by applying it to several examples in time fractional Burgers equations. The present approach has the potential to apply to other nonlinear fractional differential equations. All numerical calculations in the present study have been performed on a PC, applying programs written in Mathematica and Maple.
En el laberinto de una transicion fallida: Rwanda c.1994-2014
Authors: Varela Barraza Hilda 
Published: July 2015

La historia de Rwanda no puede quedar reducida al genocidio, de igual forma que las memorias del pasado no se pueden construir silenciando el dolor de victimas y victimarios, negando que existió. Ante el gran desconocimiento de ese país, resultan tan sorprendentes como incomprensibles tanto el genocidio (hace 20 años) como su nueva imagen de prosperidad económica y estabilidad política. El objetivo de este artículo es contribuir al análisis histórico-político de Rwanda desde julio de 1994
hasta c. abril de 2014, destacando la inexistencia de espacios para que la sociedad civil elabore la memoria del pasado reciente y las soluciones para superar el rompimiento ético que significó el genocidio.
El ascenso de China y sus efectos en la relación con Argentina
Authors: Oviedo Eduardo Daniel 
Published: July 2015

Tres lustros después de que China se convirtiera en gran potencia económica, es un tiempo apropiado para evaluar los efectos que el nuevo rol internacional del país asiático generó en Argentina. Por eso, el presente artículo examina cómo la modernización económica en China y su nuevo rol internacional dieron forma a intereses armónicos entre las partes, que integraron a Argentina en la cadena de producción global de China, como proveedora de soja e importador de manufacturas. Como resultado, crecieron el comercio y las inversiones chinas en Argentina, se amplió la brecha Norte-Sur y consolidó el status periférico del país sudamericano en el modelo centro-periferia que prevalece en la relación.
El eje de este modelo estuvo basado en la «primarización sojera», y en la actualidad transita hacia la «primarización agrícola diversificada», con el objeto de revertir los déficits de balanza comercial iniciados en 2008.
Des hommes et des vaches
Authors: Eczet Jean-Baptiste 
Published: July 2015

La relation pastorale entre les bovins et les Nilotes en Afrique de l’Est, caractérisée par une imbrication des deux collectifs, est communément désignée parcattle complex. La relation de subsistance côtoie des pratiques poétiques et plastiques, et on ne peut jamais observer l’un sans l’autre. Pourtant, dans la littérature sur ces pasteurs, le bovin est le plus souvent institué dans deux positions réductrices, soit le symbole, soit la ressource, qu’une disposition mentale vient lier : l’obsession. Celle-ci permettrait de justifier l’un par l’autre : soit l’idiome symbolique est si important qu’on le retrouve dans les usages pratiques, soit la ressource de production est si nécessaire qu’elle imprègne l’existence sociale et religieuse. Mais le bovin fournit une matière esthétique quotidienne et omniprésente et c’est l’attention à ces manières de produire des formes qui permet de rendre compte du bovin et de la relation pastorale. Cet article a pour objectif de montrer différentes formes bovines (à travers les noms, la poésie et les formes plastiques) et leur implication dans la vie des Mursi, une population d’agropasteur du sud-ouest éthiopien. Nous verrons alors que l’attachement entre les humains et les bovins est une disposition émergente d’un ensemble de pratiques mettant en relations les personnes.
De l’animal au trophée
Authors: Michaud Maxime 
Published: July 2015

Dans l’industrie de la « chasse au trophée » telle que pratiquée de nos jours, il semblerait que l’animal soit largement réduit à une marchandise dont la valeur dépend du trophée potentiel qu’il représente : on est ainsi facilement tenté de croire que ce type de pratique constitue le niveau zéro de la relation à l’animal, en tout cas vu sous l’angle des considérations affectives. Mais une approche ethnographique permet de constater que le statut de l’animal dans cette situation est bien plus complexe : le trophée se conquiert au prix de constructions symboliques qui, plutôt que de nier le caractère vivant de l’animal, semblent au contraire tournées vers sa mise en condition pour pouvoir être abattu, ou plutôt être « fait trophée ». Du cadre physique (la zone de chasse et le campement) au cadre pratique (contraintes éthiques, évitements), tout est fait pour qu’il incarne le sauvage le plus authentique qui soit et qu’il prenne une grande valeur symbolique. Le trophée devient alors pour le chasseur une forme de sublimation de l’animal, dont son propriétaire s’approprie l’existence pour en jouir éternellement, à la manière d’un amant transi. Finalement, le safari de chasse incarne un type de relation à l’animal sauvage que l’on semble retrouver plus largement dans le monde occidental et qui se manifeste à travers d’autres types d’activités comme le safari-photo.
« Faire crier le cochon »
Authors: Laugrand Frédéric 
Published: July 2015

Après un bref examen des liens que différentes sociétés établissent entre l’humain et le cochon, cet article décrit le pansula, un rituel de divination observé en 2012 chez les Alangans de Mindoro, aux Philippines. L’auteur montre comment le rituel se perpétue dans le contexte de la christianisation. Le porc/cochon y apparaît comme un médiateur entre différentes traditions. Doté de capacités divinatoires mais pas encore un agent à part entière, son corps et ses entrailles sont susceptibles d’informer les humains de leur futur destinée, à condition que ces derniers sachent interpréter les signes qu’il livre, d’où l’injonction que les participants réitèrent avant sa mise à mort : il faut savoir « faire crier » le cochon. Sa mort suscite peu d’affects de la part des Alangans qui attendent plutôt de lui qu’il facilite la communication entre les vivants, les non-humains et les ancêtres.
Abiotic CO2 uptake from the atmosphere by semiarid desert soil and its partitioning into soil phases
Authors: Liu Jiabin , Fa Keyu , Zhang Yuqing , Wu Bin , Qin Shugao , Jia Xin 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDeserts may show strong downward CO2 fluxes and thus could be a significant carbon sink. However, this hypothesis has been strongly challenged because of the failure to determine both the reliability of flux measurements and the exact location of fixed carbon. In this study, we added 13CO2 to natural (unsterilized) soil in the Mu Us Desert in northern China and quantified the partitioning of added 13CO2 into soil solid and vapor phases. Results show that natural desert soil absorbed 13CO2 at a mean rate of 0.28 g m−2 d−1. Of the absorbed 13CO2, 7.1% was released over a 48 h period after 13CO2 feeding, 72.8% was stored in the soil solid phase, 0.0007% was found in the vapor phase, while 20.0% of the absorbed 13CO2 was undetected. These results indicate that undisturbed desert soils can absorb CO2 from the atmosphere, with the majority of fixed carbon conserved in the soil solid phase.
Near‐Sun speed of CMEs and the magnetic nonpotentiality of their source active regions
Authors: Tiwari Sanjiv K. , Falconer David A. , Moore Ronald L. , Venkatakrishnan P. , Winebarger Amy R. , Khazanov Igor G. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe show that the speed of the fastest coronal mass ejections (CMEs) that an active region (AR) can produce can be predicted from a vector magnetogram of the AR. This is shown by logarithmic plots of CME speed (from the SOHO Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph CME catalog) versus each of ten AR‐integrated magnetic parameters (AR magnetic flux, three different AR magnetic‐twist parameters, and six AR free‐magnetic‐energy proxies) measured from the vertical and horizontal field components of vector magnetograms (from the Solar Dynamics Observatory's Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager) of the source ARs of 189 CMEs. These plots show the following: (1) the speed of the fastest CMEs that an AR can produce increases with each of these whole‐AR magnetic parameters and (2) that one of the AR magnetic‐twist parameters and the corresponding free‐magnetic‐energy proxy each determine the CME‐speed upper limit line somewhat better than any of the other eight whole‐AR magnetic parameters.