bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MORPHIT: an observational study on morphine titration in the postanesthetic care unit in children
Authors: Bernard Remy , Salvi Nadège , Gall Olivier , Egan Michael , Treluyer Jean‐Marc , Carli Pierre A. , Orliaguet Gilles A. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryBackgroundLittle information is available on the titration of morphine postoperatively in children. This observational study describes the technique in terms of the bolus dose, the number of boluses required, the time to establish analgesia, and side effects noted.MethodsMorphine was administered if pain score (VAS or FLACC) was >30. Patients weighing less than 45 kg received a 50 μg·kg−1 bolus of morphine with subsequent boluses of 25 μg kg−1 as required. Patients weighing over 45 kg received boluses of 2 mg. Pain and Ramsay scores were recorded up to 90 min after the end of the titration and any side effect or complication was noted. Data are presented as the median [interquartile Q1–Q3 range].ResultsOverall, 103 children were studied. The median age was 4.2 years [0.8–12.2 years]. The median weight was 15.5 kg [8.2–35.0 kg]. The protocol was effective for pain control with a significant decrease in pain scores over time. The median pain score (VAS or FLACC) was 70 [50–80] prior to the initial bolus and 0 [0–10] 90 min after the last bolus. Median Ramsay score was 1 [1–2] before the initial bolus administration and 4 [2–4] at 90 min. The median total dose of morphine was 100 [70–140] μg·kg−1, and the median number of boluses was 3 [2‐5]. Side effects were observed in 17% of cases. No serious complications were observed.ConclusionsOur study of morphine titration for children shows that our protocol was effective for pain control with a significant decrease in pain scores over time. No serious complications were encountered. More studies on larger cohorts of patients are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of this protocol.
“Glass fairies” and “bone children”: Adolescents and young adults with anorexia nervosa show positive reactions towards extremely emaciated body pictures measured by the startle reflex paradigm
Authors: Reichel Valeska A. , Schneider Nora , Grünewald Barbara , Kienast Thorsten , Pfeiffer Ernst , Lehmkuhl Ulrike , Korte Alexander 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the emotional processing of extremely emaciated body cues in adolescents and young adults with (n = 36) and without (n = 36) anorexia nervosa (AN), introducing a new picture type, which was taken from websites that promote extreme thinness and is targeted specifically at adolescents interested in extreme thinness. A startle reflex paradigm was used for implicit reactions, while a self‐assessment instrument was used for subjective responses. We found a significant group difference with a startle inhibition (appetitive response) among the patients and a startle potentiation (aversive response) among the controls, whereas no such difference for subjective measures was found. The results are in contrast to previous studies, which proposed a general failure to activate the appetitive motivational system in AN, but in keeping with findings from other addictions, where the same response pattern has been found. Implications for prevention and therapy are discussed.
Emergence of methicillin resistance and Panton‐Valentine leukocidin positivity in hospital‐ and community‐acquired Staphylococcus aureus infections in Beira, Mozambique
Authors: van der Meeren Birgitta T. , Millard Peter S. , Scacchetti Marco , Hermans Mirjam H. , Hilbink Mirrian , Concelho Timótio B. , Ferro Josefo J. , Wever Peter C. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study was to investigate the antibiotic resistance patterns, including methicillin resistance, inducible macrolide–lincosamide–streptogramin B (MLSB) resistance and Panton‐Valentine leukocidin (PVL) toxin gene carriage among hospital‐acquired Staphylococcus aureus (HA‐SA) and community‐acquired S. aureus (CA‐SA), in Beira, Mozambique.MethodsIn 2010–2011, two prospective surveillance studies were conducted on post‐operative and burn wound infections at the Central Hospital of Beira and on skin and soft tissue abscesses at the São Lucas Health Centre. We cultured pus samples, identified suspected S. aureus isolates and performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing, including detection of MLSB resistance. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect mecA, Martineau and PVL genes.ResultsThe prevalence of hospital‐acquired methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (HA‐MRSA) infection among 53 inpatients was 15.1%; the prevalence of community‐acquired methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (CA‐MRSA) infection among 100 outpatients was 1.0%. Inducible MLSB resistance was present in 41.7% and 10.7% of HA‐SA and CA‐SA isolates, respectively. PVL toxin gene was detected in 81.1% of methicillin‐susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) compared with 11.1% of methicillin‐resistant S. aureus.ConclusionsOur study shows, for the first time in Mozambique, the emergence of HA‐MRSA. The prevalence of CA‐MRSA was low, whereas the rate of PVL toxin gene carriage in MSSA was high. The high rate of inducible MLSB resistance indicates the importance of performing routine D‐tests. Overall, our results show the need of strengthening laboratory facilities to provide microbiological data for both directed therapy and surveillance.
An 8‐week Brain MRI Follow‐up Analysis of Rat Eosinophilic Meningitis Caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis Infection
Authors: Shyu L. Y. , Tsai H. H. , Lin D. P. , Chang H. H. , Tyan Y. S. , Weng J. C. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryEarly differential diagnosis and timely follow‐up are advantageous in the management of Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection. This study aimed to characterize angiostrongyliasis in the rat brain for an 8‐week period using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted images (T1WI), T2‐weighted imaging (T2WI), fluid attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR) and R2 mapping sequences. The data were analysed with Mathematica and Matlab software programs for weekly changes in each brain following the infection of 20, 50, 100 and 300 third‐stage larvae (L3), respectively. The results showed that the average subarachnoid space detected by T2WI technique was peaked up to 10% increase of original size on day 35 after 100 or 300 larvae infection, while those infected with 20 or 50 larvae showed less than 4% increase during the entire course of observation. This increase was relevant to the mortality of the infected rats, because those with 100 or 300 larvae infections showed a sharp decrease in survival rate before day 40. After day 40, the average subarachnoid space was decreased, but the average ventricle size was persistently increased, with the highest increase observed in the group infected with 300 larvae on day 56. Furthermore, the R2 mapping mean and R2 mapping size were significantly different between the brains with severe infection (100 and 300 larvae groups together) and those with mild infection (20 and 50 larvae groups together) on day 49, but not on day 35. Our results showed that diagnosis for different quantity of larvae infection using MRI is possible and follow‐up characterization is informative in revealing the effects of angiostrongyliasis on different brain areas. In conclusion, our results support the use of MRI as a non‐invasive diagnostic technique for eosinophilic meningitis caused by A. cantonensis infection.
Prevalence, patterns and predictors of nursing care left undone in European hospitals: results from the multicountry cross-sectional RN4CAST study
Authors: Ausserhofer Dietmar , Zander Britta , Busse Reinhard , Schubert Maria , De Geest Sabina , Rafferty Anne Marie , Ball Jane , Scott Anne , Kinnunen Juha , Heinen Maud , Strømseng Sjetne Ingeborg , Moreno-Casbas Teresa , Kózka Maria , Lindqvist Rikard , Diomidous Marianna , Bruyneel Luk , Sermeus Walter , Aiken Linda H , Schwendimann René ,   on behalf of the RN4CAST consortium
Published: November 2013

BackgroundLittle is known of the extent to which nursing-care tasks are left undone as an international phenomenon.AimThe aim of this study is to describe the prevalence and patterns of nursing care left undone across European hospitals and explore its associations with nurse-related organisational factors.MethodsData were collected from 33 659 nurses in 488 hospitals across 12 European countries for a large multicountry cross-sectional study.ResultsAcross European hospitals, the most frequent nursing care activities left undone included ‘Comfort/talk with patients’ (53%), ‘Developing or updating nursing care plans/care pathways’ (42%) and ‘Educating patients and families’ (41%). In hospitals with more favourable work environments (B=−2.19; p<0.0001), lower patient to nurse ratios (B=0.09; p<0.0001), and lower proportions of nurses carrying out non-nursing tasks frequently (B=2.18; p<0.0001), fewer nurses reported leaving nursing care undone.ConclusionsNursing care left undone was prevalent across all European countries and was associated with nurse-related organisational factors. We discovered similar patterns of nursing care left undone across a cross-section of European hospitals, suggesting that nurses develop informal task hierarchies to facilitate important patient-care decisions. Further research on the impact of nursing care left undone for patient outcomes and nurse well-being is required.
Africa’s petroleum systems: four tectonic ‘Aces’ in the past 600 million years
Authors: Burke K. , MacGregor D. S. , Cameron N. R. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

We relate the depositional and structural histories of the sedimentary rocks containing Africa’s primary petroleum systems to four tectonic intervals, which in the light of their widespread and beneficial consequences we designate as ‘Aces’. The Ace of Clubs was the assembly of Gondwana by continental collision and the collapse and erosion of the mountains constructed during that assembly, which generated accommodation space through thermal subsidence over a vast area. Africa’s oldest great reservoir rocks accumulated in that space during Cambro-Ordovician times (520-440 Ma). After a short-lived glacial interval, Silurian and Devonian source rocks formed parts of a thick section that was deposited as long-term subsidence continued. The Ace of Diamonds consists of the collision of Baltica with Laurentia at
c.
380 Ma and the collision between Gondwana and Laurussia at
c.
310 Ma. It also includes the intracontinental deformation and orogenic collapse associated with the latter event, during the course of which regionally important structures and rifts now containing hydrocarbon-bearing fill were generated. Productive petroleum systems involving older Palaeozoic source rocks are concentrated in the rifts and sedimentary rocks of this phase.

The two other aces relate to the plume-dominated break-up of Pangaea. The Aces of Hearts and Spades were the eruption of the Karroo Plume at 183 Ma and the eruption of the Afar Plume at 31 Ma. These plumes, because they both generated huge volumes of basalt during brief intervals, are considered to have come from the deep mantle where, for more than 200 million years there has been a discrete large volume of hot rock over which Africa has been slowly rotating. Perhaps as many as six other deep-seated plumes have risen from that deep hot volume. The importance of the Karroo and Afar Plumes comes from the fact that they arrested the motion of the African Plate and, on each occasion, fostered the establishment of a new shallow-mantle convective circulation pattern. Intracontinental rifts, basins and swells developed above the new convection pattern after both arrests. Organic-rich sedimentary rocks deposited in rifts and at continental margins that formed in response to the Karroo-Plume-induced plate-pinning episode (K-pippe, 183-133 Ma) are being buried today under piles of sedimentary rock eroded from swells that have been rising since the later Afar-Plume-induced plate-pinning episode (A-pippe) began at 31 Ma. The Afar Plume eruption is designated ‘Ace of Spades’ because oil and gas generated following source-rock burial by sediments eroded from Africa’s active swells during the past 31 Ma together make up three-quarters of Africa’s hydrocarbon resource. In addition, half of that petroleum lies in reservoirs deposited during this phase.
In Utero Diagnosis of Long QT Syndrome by Magnetocardiography
Authors: Cuneo Bettina F. , Strasburger Janette F. , Yu Suhong , Horigome Hitoshi , Hosono Takayoshi , Kandori Akihiko , Wakai Ronald T. 
Published: November 2013

Background—
The electrophysiology of long QT syndrome (LQTS) in utero is virtually unstudied. Our goal here was to evaluate the efficacy of fetal magnetocardiography (fMCG) for diagnosis and prognosis of fetuses at risk of LQTS.

Methods and Results—

We reviewed the pre/postnatal medical records of 30 fetuses referred for fMCG because of a family history of LQTS (n=17); neonatal/childhood sudden cardiac death (n=3), or presentation of prenatal LQTS rhythms (n=12): 2° atrioventricular block, ventricular tachycardia, heart rate < 3
rd
percentile. We evaluated heart rate and reactivity, cardiac time intervals, T-wave characteristics, and initiation/termination of Torsade de Pointes, and compared these with neonatal ECG findings. After birth, subjects were tested for LQTS mutations. Based on accepted clinical criteria, 21 subjects (70%; 9 KCNQ1, 5 KCNH2, 2 SCN5A, 2 other, 3 untested) had LQTS. Using a threshold of corrected QT= 490 ms, fMCG accurately identified LQTS fetuses with 89% (24/27) sensitivity and 89% (8/9) specificity in 36 sessions. Four fetuses (2 KCNH2 and 2 SCN5A), all with corrected QT ≥ 620 ms, had frequent episodes of Torsade de Pointes, which were present 22–79% of the time. Although some episodes initiated with a long-short sequence, most initiations showed QRS aberrancy and a notable lack of pause dependency. T-wave alternans was strongly associated with severe LQTS phenotype.

Conclusions—
Corrected QT prolongation (≥490 ms) assessed by fMCG accurately identified LQTS in utero; extreme corrected QT prolongation (≥620 ms) predicted Torsade de Pointes. FMCG can play a critical role in the diagnosis and management of fetuses at risk of LQTS.
A new species of Lakshmia Yakovlev, 2004 (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) from Northern Thailand with a world catalogue of the genus
Authors: YAKOVLEV ROMAN V. , NAKAO KENICHIRO 
Published: November 2013

A cossid genus Lakshmia Yakovlev, 2004, was established by an original designation of the type species, Lakshmia zolotuhini Yakovlev, 2004. Among the genera within the subfamily Zeuzerinae Boisduval, [1828], this genus is closely related to Phragmataecia Newman, 1850 (type species: Noctua arundinis Hübner, [1808]), Butaya Yakovlev, 2004 (type species: Butaya gracilis Yakovlev, 2004) and Yakovlevina Kemal & Koçak, 2005 (type species: Garuda galina Yakovlev, 2004). Diagnostic characters of Lakshmia include the presence of an ochreous brown band on the forewing, the elongate valvae with parallel edges, and a greatly reduced saccus in the male genitalia. Lakshmia comprise four species collected from Northern Thailand and Southern Vietnam (Yakovlev 2004, 2006, 2011; Fig. 1). All known specimens of Lakshmia were collected at light. Their biology is unknown. While curating specimens of Cossidae collected from Thailand, the second author (KN) found one male which was identified as a new species and thus is described in this article.
On the Atmospheric Regulation of the Growth of Moderate to Deep Cumulonimbus in a Tropical Environment
Authors: Kumar Vickal V. , Protat Alain , Jakob Christian , May Peter T. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSome cumulus clouds with tops between 3 and 7 km (Cu3km–7km) remain in this height region throughout their lifetime (congestus) while others develop into deeper clouds (cumulonimbus). This study describes two techniques to identify the congestus and cumulonimbus cloud types using data from scanning weather radar and identifies the atmospheric conditions that regulate these two modes. A two-wet-season cumulus cloud database of the Darwin C-band polarimetric radar is analyzed and the two modes are identified by examining the 0-dBZ cloud-top height (CTH) of the Cu3km–7km cells over a sequence of radar scans. It is found that ~26% of the classified Cu3km–7km population grow into cumulonimbus clouds. The cumulonimbus cells exhibit reflectivities, rain rates, and drop sizes larger than the congestus cells. The occurrence frequency of cumulonimbus cells peak in the afternoon at ~1500 local time—a few hours after the peak in congestus cells. The analysis of Darwin International Airport radiosonde profiles associated with the two types of cells shows no noticeable difference in the thermal stability rates, but a significant difference in midtropospheric (5–10 km) relative humidity. Moister conditions are found in the hours preceding the cumulonimbus cells when compared with the congestus cells. Using a moisture budget dataset derived for the Darwin region, it is shown that the existence of cumulonimbus cells, and hence deep convection, is mainly determined by the presence of the midtroposphere large-scale upward motion and not merely by the presence of congestus clouds prior to deep convection. This contradicts the thermodynamic viewpoint that the midtroposphere moistening prior to deep convection is solely due to the preceding cumulus congestus cells.
Wave Climate and Trends for the Gulf of Mexico: A 30-Yr Wave Hindcast
Authors: Appendini Christian M. , Torres-Freyermuth Alec , Salles Paulo , López-González Jose , Mendoza E. Tonatiuh 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
This paper describes wave climate and variability in the Gulf of Mexico based on a 30-yr wave hindcast. The North American Regional Reanalysis wind fields are employed to drive a third-generation spectral wave model with high spatial (0.005°–0.06°) and temporal (3 hourly) resolution from 1979 through 2008. The wave hindcast information is validated using National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) data and altimeter wave information (GlobWave). The model performance is satisfactory (r2 ~ 0.90) in the Gulf of Mexico and to a lesser extent in the Caribbean Sea (r2 ~ 0.87) where only locally generated waves are considered. However, the waves generated by the Caribbean low-level jet (CLLJ) are discussed in this work. Subsequently, the yearly/monthly mean and extreme wave climates are characterized based on the (30 yr) wave hindcast information. The model results show that the mean wave climate is mainly modulated by winter cold fronts (nortes) in the Gulf of Mexico, whereas extreme wave climate is modulated by both hurricane and norte. Extreme wave heights in the Gulf of Mexico have increased at a rate of 0.07–0.08 m yr−1 in September/October because of increased cyclone intensity in the last decade. However, there is no significant trend when considering the annual statistics for extreme events. Furthermore, modeling results also suggest that the CLLJ modulates the mean wave climate in the Caribbean Sea and controls the rate of mean wave height increase (0.03 m yr−1) in the Caribbean. However, these later results need to be corroborated by extending the computational domain in order to include the swell coming from the Atlantic Ocean.
Dynamical Seasonal Climate Prediction Using an Ocean–Atmosphere Coupled Climate Model Developed in Partnership between South Africa and the IRI
Authors: Beraki Asmerom F. , DeWitt David G. , Landman Willem A. , Olivier Cobus 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The recent increase in availability of high-performance computing (HPC) resources in South Africa allowed the development of an ocean–atmosphere coupled general circulation model (OAGCM). The ECHAM4.5-South African Weather Service (SAWS) Modular Oceanic Model version 3 (MOM3-SA) is the first OAGCM to be developed in Africa for seasonal climate prediction. This model employs an initialization strategy that is different from previous versions of the model that coupled the same atmosphere and ocean models. Evaluation of hindcasts performed with the model revealed that the OAGCM is successful in capturing the development and maturity of El Niño and La Niña episodes up to 8 months ahead. A model intercomparison also indicated that the ECHAM4.5-MOM3-SA has skill levels for the Niño-3.4 region SST comparable with other coupled models administered by international centers. Further analysis of the coupled model revealed that La Niña events are more skillfully discriminated than El Niño events. However, as is typical for OAGCM, the model skill was generally found to decay faster during the spring barrier.
The analysis also showed that the coupled model has useful skill up to several-months lead time when predicting the equatorial Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) during the period spanning between the middle of austral spring and the start of the summer seasons, which reaches its peak in November. The weakness of the model in other seasons was mainly caused by the western segment of the dipole, which eventually contaminates the dipole mode index (DMI). The model is also able to forecast the anomalous upper air circulations, particularly in the equatorial belt, and surface air temperature in the Southern African region as opposed to precipitation.
Fusion of the C-terminal triskaidecapeptide of hirudin variant 3 to alpha1-proteinase inhibitor M358R increases the serpin-mediated rate of thrombin inhibition
Authors: Roddick Leigh Ann , Bhakta Varsha , Sheffield William P 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
Alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor (API) is a plasma serpin superfamily member that inhibits neutrophil elastase; variant API M358R inhibits thrombin and activated protein C (APC). Fusing residues 1-75 of another serpin, heparin cofactor II (HCII), to API M358R (in HAPI M358R) was previously shown to accelerate thrombin inhibition over API M358R by conferring thrombin exosite 1 binding properties. We hypothesized that replacing HCII 1-75 region with the 13 C-terminal residues (triskaidecapeptide) of hirudin variant 3 (HV354-66) would further enhance the inhibitory potency of API M358R fusion proteins. We therefore expressed HV3API M358R (HV354-66 fused to API M358R) and HV3API RCL5 (HV354-66 fused to API F352A/L353V/E354V/A355I/I356A/I460L/M358R) API M358R) as N-terminally hexahistidine-tagged polypeptides in E. coli.

Results
HV3API M358R inhibited thrombin 3.3-fold more rapidly than API M358R; for HV3API RCL5 the rate enhancement was 1.9-fold versus API RCL5; neither protein inhibited thrombin as rapidly as HAPI M358R. While the thrombin/Activated Protein C rate constant ratio was 77-fold higher for HV3API RCL5 than for HV3API M358R, most of the increased specificity derived from the API F352A/L353V/E354V/A355I/I356A/I460L API RCL 5 mutations, since API RCL5 remained 3-fold more specific than HV3API RCL5. An HV3 54-66 peptide doubled the Thrombin Clotting Time (TCT) and halved the binding of thrombin to immobilized HCII 1-75 at lower concentrations than free HCII 1-75. HV3API RCL5 bound active site-inhibited FPR-chloromethyl ketone-thrombin more effectively than HAPI RCL5. Transferring the position of the fused HV3 triskaidecapeptide to the C-terminus of API M358R decreased the rate of thrombin inhibition relative to that mediated by HV3API M358R by 11-to 14-fold.

Conclusions
Fusing the C-terminal triskaidecapeptide of HV3 to API M358R-containing serpins significantly increased their effectiveness as thrombin inhibitors, but the enhancement was less than that seen in HCII 1-75–API M358R fusion proteins. HCII 1-75 was a superior fusion partner, in spite of the greater affinity of the HV3 triskaidecapeptide, manifested both in isolated and API-fused form, for thrombin exosite 1. Our results suggest that HCII 1-75 binds thrombin exosite 1 and orients the attached serpin scaffold for more efficient interaction with the active site of thrombin than the HV3 triskaidecapeptide.