bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Directed self-assembly lithography for half-pitch sub-15 nm pattern fabrication process
Authors: Sato Hironobu , Seino Yuriko , Kihara Naoko , Kasahara Yusuke , Kobayashi Katsutoshi , Kodera Katsuyoshi , Kanai Hideki , Kawamonzen Yoshiaki , Minegishi Shinya , Miyagi Ken , Tobana Toshikatsu , Hirayanagi Noriyuki , Fujiwara Tomoharu , Azuma Tsukasa , Hayakawa Teruaki 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper introduces a fabrication method to achieve sub-15 nm line-and-space (L/S) patterns by combining grapho- and chemo-epitaxy using poly(styrene-block-methyl methacrylate) copolymer (PS-b-PMMA). The fabrication method is simple, since it eliminates photoresist stripping and also does not require any special materials to form pinning patterns. In this process, the ridges formed on spin-on-glass (SOG) surface work as physical guides and the photoresists on them are utilized as a pinning layer. Fine PS-b-PMMA L/S patterns were obtained in sufficient critical dimension (CD) range of the guide patterns that corresponded to the 15% dose margin using ArF immersion lithography. 3-dimensional grid defects were found to be the origin of the short defects. The half-pitch (hp) 15 nm L/S patterns were transferred successfully to SOG/spin-on-carbon (SOC) stacked substrate.We also describe fabrication of sub-10 nm L/S patterns using a high-chi block copolymer (BCP).
Translocation of N-acetyl Cysteine Capped Fluorescent Quantum Dots in Plant Tissue: Confocal Imaging Studies
Authors: Das Smruti , Tharkur Jeremy , Tetard Laurene , Santra Swadeshmukul 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTSemiconductor fluorescent quantum dots (Qdots) are popularly used as bioimaging taggants in live cell imaging and spectroscopy. In recent years, Qdots taggants are emerging in agricultural applications. Studies are primarily focused on nanotoxicity of ultra-small size water-soluble Qdots in plant systems. Nanotoxicity is correlated with Qdot core composition and surface coating. However, Qdots with certain chemical composition and surface coating may boost plant growth. In this study, we report that N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) capped ∼3.5 nm size ZnS:Mn/ZnS Qdots (NAC-Qdot) are efficiently uptaken by the snow pea (Pisum sativum L., a model plant) vascular system, enhancing the root growth at a dose level of 80 μg/mL. Fluorescence microscopy studies confirmed localization of NAC-Qdots in the intercellular regions. Germination and growth of the snow pea seeds were found to be strongly dependent on Qdot dosage and incubation time with Qdots. Seed germination reached 100% within 48 hours of NAC-Qdot exposure. Based on our preliminary findings, it is suggested that NAC-Qdot can be used as systemic plant nutrient material for boosting the seed germination and plant growth.
Midwifery-Led Maternity Care: Back to Basics
Authors: Budin Wendy C. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTIn this column, the editor of The Journal of Perinatal Education discusses Britain’s National Health Service’s updated evidence-based guidelines stating that women with uncomplicated pregnancies are better off in the hands of midwives than hospital physicians during birth. The editor also describes the contents of this issue, which offer a broad range of resources, research, and inspiration for childbirth educators in their efforts to promote, support, and protect natural, safe, and healthy birth.Women with uncomplicated pregnancies are better off in the hands of midwives than hospital physicians during birth.
The Broken Thread of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention for Women During the Postpartum Period
Authors: Walker Lorraine O. , Murphey Christina L. , Nichols Francine 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTPostpartum maternal health affects maternal functional status, future pregnancy outcomes, maternal chronic disease development, and infant health. After pregnancy, however, many mothers may find that they face gaps in care related to their health and caregiving roles. Research shows that they were unprepared, uninformed, and unsupported during the postpartum period as they struggle with physical and emotional symptoms, infant caregiving, breastfeeding concerns, and lifestyle adjustments. Limited follow-up after a diagnosis of gestational hypertension or gestational diabetes and screening for postpartum depression are additional gaps in preventive and supportive care. Integrative reviews revealed modest efficacy and limitations of recent postpartum health promotion and disease prevention interventions. System, clinical, and community strategies are identified to address these gaps in women’s postpartum health services.
Comparison of the Bradley Method and HypnoBirthing Childbirth Education Classes
Authors: Varner Corry A. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this article is to compare and contrast two forms of childbirth education: HypnoBirthing (the Mongan Method) and the Bradley Method (husband-coached natural childbirth). Evidence was obtained using a formal literature review, reading published books and workbooks on the two methods, and attending classes to document content delivered. Similarities and differences in content are reported along with birth outcomes from evaluations of the two methods. Tables with this content were formatted so that they can be used by educators and providers.
MPD and MPC Successfully Applied to Deliver a Defying Exploratory Ultra-HPHT Well in Offshore Malaysia
Authors: Gallo Fernando , Rubianto Irwan , Rojas Freddy , Subroto Bramanta , Prasetia Andi Eka , Torres Jose Tang , Bordessoulles Willy 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
SDX was an exploration well drilled on a jack-up rig, which was located offshore on the west side of the Malay basin. The well was classified as an ultra high pressure high temperature (HPHT) due to 455°F (235°C) maximum formation temperature and 11,200 psi maximum formation pressure. SDX was a very important well for a major operator in the attempt to explore and evaluate the potential hydrocarbon prospects in the field.
SDX field was well known for its drilling challenges due to extreme narrow window and HPHT condition. The pore pressure ramp steeply increased at shallower depth causing narrow drilling operating window between pore pressure and fracture gradient. Thus, the well was considered as conventionally “un-drillable” and managed pressure drilling (MPD) was a necessary enabler to achieve the well objectives.
MPD was deployed to drill the last four hole sections, 12 ¼” × 14 ¾”, 8 ½” × 12 ¼”, 8 ½” × 9 ½” and 5 ¾” × 6 5/8” to mitigate the challenging wellbore issues. The drilling strategy was to use a lower mud weight (MW) in order to walk the pore pressure line and allow the use of optimum drilling flow rates. Two essential MPD procedures were implemented to safely verify drilling window. The pore pressure ramp was established by performing static flow check (SFC) and the losses limit was established by conducting dynamic formation integrity test (DFIT). Furthermore, total depth (TD) criteria for the MPD section was defined by the minimum window required to perform managed pressure cementing (MPC) for the liners.
SDX well was successfully drilled to TD after overcoming defying wellbore challenges due to narrow window, pore pressure ramp uncertainty and HPHT condition. MPD was fully utilized to drill four most critical sections. MPC was performed splendidly for 11 ¾” and 9 7/8” liners without influx or loss. The paper will further explain on how proven MPD solutions were planned and executed to drill this exploration HPHT well. MPD and MPC lessons learned were also highlighted in this paper as part of the knowledge sharing.
MPD/MCD Offshore Application on a Dynamic Positioning Rig
Authors: Fernandes Andre Alonso , Gozzi Danilo Signorini , Nogueira Emmanuel Franco , de Souza Terra Felipe , Vanni Guilherme Sirqueira , Filho Rafael Schettini 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
A common Pre salt offshore well from Santos Basin in Brazil has a water depth superior to 2000m (6500 ft) about 2000m of salt and produce from a carbonate reservoir. The Pre-salt reservoir is a major driver on future production development for Petrobras.
After several cases of severe circulation losses in the Pre-salt wells of Santos Basin, including the area of the well RJS-708, the previous drilling strategy was not proving to be reliable or effective. Loss control pills were ineffective while cement pills were time consuming and not providing satisfactory results. In this scenario arose the opportunity to apply the techniques of MPD (Managed Pressure Drilling) and MCD (Mud Cap drilling) as a contingency on the well RJS-708.
The well had prediction of fractures or caves along the carbonate reservoir with high probability of circulation losses during the drilling of the reservoir phase. The potential benefits of the MPD technique were large due to the possibility of minimizing the volume of fluid lost to the formation through the management of downhole pressure. The MCD technique was also considered as contingency plan, for a scenario of total losses because of the inexistence of a drilling window, even considering the downrole pressure management near balanced.
The work performed during 2013 included: Modification of the rig, training of the teams involved, preparation of MPD and MCD procedures for the drilling rig (First DP rig to use the system at Petrobras) and discussions of new procedures with the contractor. From the list of new procedures included the Dynamical Pore Pressure test, which proved to be a useful tool.
The results obtained with MPD technique were excellent. In order to remain inside operational window, an underbalance mud weight with management of the surface back pressure was adopted to remain in an overbalance condition in front of the reservoir. The MPD system managed to be inside an operating window of 0.25 ppg without significant losses, and a time deviation of less than 4% from the initial schedule and no severe losses were observed during the construction of the well
A Comparison of Office Blood Pressure, Telemedical Home Blood Pressure
and Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring
Authors: Hoffmann-Petersen Nikolai , Pedersen Erling B. 
Published: April 2015

Background:
Telemonitoring of home blood pressure (HBP) is a new advance in blood pressure monitoring.
The aim of this study was to compare office blood pressure (OBP) and telemedical home blood pressure with daytime
ambulatory blood pressure (ABP).

Methods:
One hundred and two patients were recruited consecutively from our Renal
Outpatients’ Clinic. Office blood pressure was measured three times with the HBP equipment (A&D UA-767Plus BT).
Telemonitoring of HBP was done for four consecutive days with three measurements three times daily followed by ABP
(A&D TM-2430) on the next day. All patients received a questionnaire regarding acceptance of the equipment.

Results:
OBP was a significantly higher than daytime ABP (systolic/diastolic, 3.3/3.8 mmHg). HBP was significantly lower than
daytime ABP (systolic/diastolic, -4.6/-1.6 mmHg). The strongest correlations were seen between all HBP readings day 2-4
and daytime ABP (systolic, r=0.69, p<0.001; diastolic, r=0.61, p<0.001). There were no significant differences between
the different HBP schedules, i.e. 3 measurements twice daily for 3 days and 3 measurements three times daily for 4 days.
Patients were content with and accepted the HBP measuring device.

Conclusion:
The telemedical HBP was lower than
daytime ABP. The observed difference could possible be due to less pain and more relaxation during HBP measurements
or a systematic difference in the algoritms between the blood pressure measuring devices. HBP measurement during three
days was as good as measurement during 4 days.. The equipment was well accepted among patients.
Manipulative Environmental Disclosure: Further Analysis of Corporate Projections of Environmental Capital Spending
Authors: Chen Jason C. , Chen Jennifer C. , Patten Dennis M. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
Following Patten (2005), we focus on corporate disclosure of environmental capital expenditure projections and spending, and address two separate issues related to the corporate use of manipulative disclosure. First, we investigate whether potential increases in oversight and accountability due to the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) in 2002 and the issuance of the Governmental Accountability Office's (GAO 2004) report on its investigation of corporate environmental disclosure may have induced firms to be less egregious in their use of overspending projections. Second, given the flexibility in the disclosure requirements, we explore whether, within the sample of companies providing projections of environmental capital spending, greater legitimacy exposures are associated with differences in the use of language within the disclosures. We find, first, that while the incidence and severity of over-projections of environmental capital spending decreased following the GAO (2004) report, the change was only temporary. Second, we document that companies with greater legitimacy exposures (based on firm size and environmental performance) are more likely to include more specific wording about the nature of the expenditures. However, we also find that the use of the more specific language is associated with a greater likelihood of having overstated projections, although we find no statistically significant differences in the average error amounts relative to firms with only vague language disclosure. We argue that these results suggest that the language specificity is, thus, being used in an attempt to enhance credibility via word choice, as opposed to being about improved transparency and accountability. Thus, making corporate environmental disclosure more meaningful would appear to require more specific standards on what, and how, information is provided.
Effects of Dietary n-3 Fatty Acids on Hepatic and Peripheral Insulin Sensitivity in Insulin-Resistant Humans
Authors: Lalia Antigoni Z. , Johnson Matthew L. , Jensen Michael D. , Hames Kazanna C. , Port John D. , Lanza Ian R. 
Published: April 2015

OBJECTIVE
Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), prevent insulin resistance and stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis in rodents, but the findings of translational studies in humans are thus far ambiguous. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of EPA and DHA on insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and muscle mitochondrial function in insulin-resistant, nondiabetic humans using a robust study design and gold-standard measurements.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Thirty-one insulin-resistant adults received 3.9 g/day EPA+DHA or placebo for 6 months in a randomized double-blind study. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp with somatostatin was used to assess hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity. Postprandial glucose disposal and insulin secretion were measured after a meal. Measurements were performed at baseline and after 6 months of treatment. Abdominal fat distribution was evaluated by MRI. Muscle oxidative capacity was measured in isolated mitochondria using high-resolution respirometry and noninvasively by magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

RESULTS
Compared with placebo, EPA+DHA did not alter peripheral insulin sensitivity, postprandial glucose disposal, or insulin secretion. Hepatic insulin sensitivity, determined from the suppression of endogenous glucose production by insulin, exhibited a small but significant improvement with EPA+DHA compared with placebo. Muscle mitochondrial function was unchanged by EPA+DHA or placebo.

CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates that dietary EPA+DHA does not improve peripheral glucose disposal, insulin secretion, or skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in insulin-resistant nondiabetic humans. There was a modest improvement in hepatic insulin sensitivity with EPA+DHA, but this was not associated with any improvements in clinically meaningful outcomes.
Late arrhythmia in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot: who is at risk?
Authors: Grigaliūnas Gytis , Gumbienė Lina , Valevičienė Nomeda , Matačiūnas Mindaugas , Tarutis Virgilijus , Marinskis Germanas , Aidietis Audrius 
Published: April 2015

Summary
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common cause of cyanotic congenital heart defect. Over the last century, the life expectancy of TOF patients has significantly improved. This, however, has brought new challenges both to patients and their health-care providers, the main of them being late arrhythmia. Ironically, late arrhythmia is predominantly generated due to the fibrotic scars caused by the life-saving surgical repair. Once the first two mainly arrhythmia-free decades after the repair pass, the risk of developing late arrhythmia and, therefore, SCD becomes substantial. Consequently, young adults with repaired Tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF) require careful outpatient monitoring.
There have been many attempts to predict the risk of life-threatening arrhythmia in rTOF patients. This has led to the defining of various risk factors, ranging from the widely used QRS prolongation to novel predictors, derived from cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) based anatomical findings (left ventricular dyssynchrony indexes, right ventricular output tract akinetic length, right ventricular mass-to-volume ratio). The latter predictors have recently established CMR as a tool of high significance in evaluation of rTOF patients.
Although the role of Holter monitoring findings in rTOF patient-assessment remains unclear, it may be useful in those who are 25 years and older. Implantable cardioverter–defibrillator (ICD) implantation is the first-line treatment for secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death (SCD). rTOF patients suffer from the highest rate of inappropriate and the lowest rate of appropriate ICD shocks, when compared to other congenital heart diseases. As a consequence, ICD implantation for primary SCD prevention should be carefully weighed. Catheter-based ablation therapy leads to high rate of initial success when abolishing monomorphic ventricular tachycardia and intra-atrial reentrant tachycardia, however recurrence rates remain high.
Collodion Baby - a Case Report
Authors: Stojanović Vesna , Doronjski Aleksandra , Spasojević Slobodan , Stašuk Nataša , Radulović Anica 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Colloidon baby describes a highly characteristic clinical entity in newborns encased in a yellowish translucent membrane resembling collodion. In most cases the condition either precedes the development of one of a variety of ichthyoses, the commonest of which are lamellar ichthyosis and non-bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma, or occasionally represents an initial phase of other ichthyoses such as ichthyosis vulgaris. In at least 10% of all cases of collodion baby, the condition is followed by a mild ichthyosis of lamellar type, so mild as to be considered more or less normal, so-called self-healing collodion baby or ‘lamellar ichthyosis of the newborn’. In this report we present a rare case of collodion baby in whom, after collodion membrane peeled-off, the skin retained normal appearance.
Exploring the composition of the searchable web: a corpus-based taxonomy of web registers
Authors: Biber Douglas , Egbert Jesse , Davies Mark 
Published: April 2015

One major challenge for Web-As-Corpus research is that a typical Web search provides little information about the register of the documents that are searched. Previous research has attempted to address this problem (e.g., through the Automatic Genre Identification initiative), but with only limited success. As a result, we currently know surprisingly little about the distribution of registers on the web. In this study, we tackle this problem through a bottom-up user-based investigation of a large, representative corpus of web documents. We base our investigation on a much larger corpus than those used in previous research (48,571 web documents), and obtained through random sampling from across the full range of documents that are publically available on the searchable web. Instead of relying on individual expert coders, we recruit typical end-users of the Web for register coding, with each document in the corpus coded by four different raters. End-users identify basic situational characteristics of each web document, coded in a hierarchical manner. Those situational characteristics lead to general register categories, which eventually lead to lists of specific sub-registers. By working through a hierarchical decision tree, users are able to identify the register category of most Internet texts with a high degree of reliability. After summarising our methodological approach, this paper documents the register composition of the searchable web. Narrative registers are found to be the most prevalent, while Opinion and Informational Description/Explanation registers are also found to be extremely common. One of the major innovations of the approach adopted here is that it permits an empirical identification of ‘hybrid’ documents, which integrate characteristics from multiple general register categories (e.g., opinionated-narrative). These patterns are described and illustrated through sample Internet documents.
Femmes en quête de rôles
Authors: Ragaru Nadège 
Published: April 2015

L’article explore les transformations intervenues, à l’instauration du socialisme, dans les identités de femme en Bulgarie, en étudiant l’univers social des comédiennes. À une époque de rupture avec l’art de jouer « bourgeois » et avec les mœurs supposées légères des muses des arts, les actrices furent investies de missions sociales inédites tout en devant satisfaire les attentes de publics anciens et nouveaux. L’invention de ces rôles s’opéra davantage dans un repliement que dans la disparition des sensibilités et des arts de faire précommunistes. Cet article, en refusant de postuler l’existence d’un contraste entre projet et « réalité » socialistes, montre enfin que les identités de genre furent médiatisées à travers des cadres générationnels et sociaux.
Femmes et hommes dans les partis communistes du bloc de l’Est
Authors: Christian Michel 
Published: April 2015

Cet article traite de la place des femmes et des hommes dans les partis communistes au pouvoir, en s’intéressant au cas du SED est-allemand. Malgré une sous-représentation durable, le recrutement des femmes s’est amélioré à partir des années 1960, jusqu’à devenir plus dynamique que celui des hommes. Toutefois, il reflétait et parfois accentuait les particularités de genre des différents milieux professionnels où le Parti était implanté, une caractéristique qui s’observe aussi dans les partis communistes d’Europe occidentale. En outre, les femmes n’étaient pas des camarades comme les autres : tantôt leur spécificité était niée au nom d’un modèle militant neutre, mais calqué de fait sur une expérience masculine, tantôt elle était au contraire réaffirmée, mais en restreignant l’action des femmes à des domaines spécialisés considérés comme féminins.