bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial risk calculator and the relationship between prostate‐specific antigen and biopsy outcome
Authors: Vickers Andrew J. , Sjoberg Daniel D. , Ankerst Donna P. , Tangen Catherine M. , Goodman Phyllis J. , Thompson Ian M. 
Published: May 2013

BACKGROUNDThe Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT) Risk Calculator is a widely used prediction tool for aiding decisions about biopsy for prostate cancer. This study hypothesized that recently reported differences between predictions from the model and findings from other cohorts were due to how prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) was entered into the statistical model, and to the inclusion of protocol end‐of‐study biopsies for which there was no clinical indication.METHODSData was obtained from the 5088 PCPT participants and was used to construct the PCPT Risk Calculator. The relationship between PSA and the risk of a positive biopsy was modeled by using locally‐weighted regression (lowess), an empirical estimate of actual risks observed which does not depend on a statistical model. Risks were estimated with and without the 3514 end‐of‐study biopsies.RESULTSFor PSA levels above biopsy thresholds (∼4 ng/mL), the PCPT Risk Calculator greatly overestimated actual empirical risks (eg, 44% versus 26% at 5 ng/mL). The change in risk with increasing PSA was less among for‐cause biopsies compared with the end‐of‐study biopsies (P = .001). Risk of high‐grade disease was overestimated at PSA level of ≥ 6 ng/mL.CONCLUSIONSThe PCPT Risk Calculator overestimates risks for PSAs close to and above typical biopsy thresholds. Separating for‐cause biopsies from end‐of‐study biopsies and using empirical rather than model‐based risks reduces overall risk estimates and replicates prior findings that, in men who have been screened with PSA, there is no rapid increase in prostate cancer risk with higher PSA. Revision of the PCPT Risk Calculator should be considered. Cancer 2013;119:3007—3011. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Multifrequency NLS Scaling for a Model Equation of Gravity‐Capillary Waves
Authors: Masmoudi Nader , Nakanishi Kenji 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis paper is the first in a series papers devoted to the study of the rigorous derivation of the nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation as well as other related systems starting from a model coming from the gravity‐capillary water wave system in the long‐wave limit. Our main goal is to understand resonances and their effects on having the nonlinear Schrödinger approximation or modification of it or having other models to describe the limit equation. In this first paper, our goal is not to derive NLS but to allow the presence of an arbitrary sequence of frequencies around which we have a modulation and prove local existence on a uniform time. This yields a new class of large data for which we have a large time of existence. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thin Films of High‐k Oxides and ZnO for Transparent Electronic Devices
Authors: Gieraltowska Sylwia , Wachnicki Lukasz , Witkowski Bartlomiej S. , Guziewicz Elzbieta , Godlewski Marek 
Published: May 2013

AbstractOxide‐based thin‐film capacitors (TFCs), thin‐film transistors (TFTs), and sensor structures (including transparent ones) deposited on transparent substrates are investigated. All oxide elements in these structures are deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD). Optimization of the ALD processes, which results in layers suitable for the above‐mentioned devices, is briefly described. In particular, we demonstrate advantageous properties of composite dielectrics consisting of pairs of Al2O3, HfO2, ZrO2, or TiO2. These composites are then used as gate dielectrics in TFC and TFT structures, with ZnO layers deposited as channel and gate layers. The structures are obtained at low temperatures (no more than 150°C), which enables their deposition on elastic, transparent substrates (polymers, foils).
Synthetic Potassium Vanadium Oxide K2V6O16·1.5H2O Superlong Nanobelts: A 1D Room‐Temperature Ferromagnetic Semiconductor
Authors: Bai Liangfei , Xue Yan , Zhang Jiajia , Pan Bicai , Wu Changzheng 
Published: May 2013

AbstractRoom‐temperature ferromagnetic semiconductors (FSC) have attracted great interests and, in particular, their 1D nanostructures with the inherent high aspect ratio give them a unique advantage in establishing nanoscale spintronic devices. Herein, a facile hydrothermal approach has been developed to synthesise K2V6O16·1.5H2O superlong nanobelts, which were confirmed to be a new kind of room‐temperature ferromagnetic semiconductors with a 1D nanostructure. The FSC material has a band gap of 1.95 eV and a coercivity of 67 Oe at 300 K, showing fascinating ferromagnetic behaviour in the semiconducting material. The formation mechanism of the K2V6O16·1.5H2O nanobelts was atomically known from the full embodiments of the internal bronze K2V6O16·1.5H2O structure. Moreover, density functional calculations and the corresponding experimental results clearly reveal the nature of the ferromagnetic behaviour, and we found that the oxygen vacancies produced during the solution growth process generate the spin orientations forming the room‐temperature ferromagnetism. We believe these insights give a better understanding of the ferromagnetic mechanism in RTFM materials, and such superlong nanobelts pave a new way for fabricating fascinating spintronic nanodevices and nanosensors in the near future.
Synthesis and Spectral and Electrochemical Studies of a Series of Oxo–Tungsten(V) Porphyrins
Authors: Nandi Goutam , Sarkar Sabyasachi 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA series of oxo–tungsten(V) porphyrin complexes of the general formula [WVO(TPP)X] were synthesized [where TPP = dianion of 5,10,15,20‐meso‐tetraphenylporphyrin and X = –4‐ClBz (p‐chlorobenzoate) (1), –OH (2), –OMe (3), –Cl (4), –Br (5), or –NCS (6)]. Complexes 1, 2, and 5 were structurally characterized. In 2 the two W–O axial bond lengths in the (O=W–OH) moiety were identical [1.834(7) Å] owing to disorder in the oxo and hydroxo groups. Spectroscopic evidence confirms the presence of both the groups coordinated to tungsten in the complex. The electrochemistry of these complexes was investigated in dichloromethane. All the complexes undergo three one‐electron reductions, the first of which involves WV/WIV; the other two are porphyrin‐based. Complexes 4 and 5 were irreversibly reduced to generate pentacoordinate [WIVO(TPP)], which subsequently responded to reversible redox reaction at almost zero potential.
Electrochemical Investigation of Cytochrome c Immobilized onto Self‐Assembled Monolayer of Captopril
Authors: Alizadeh Vali , Mehrgardi Masoud A. , Fazlollah Mousavi Mir 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe electrochemical behavior of cytochrome c (cyt‐c) that was electrostatically immobilized onto a self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) of captopril (capt) on a gold electrode has been investigated. Cyclic voltammetry, scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were employed to evaluate the blocking property of the capt SAM. SECM was used to measure the bimolecular electron transfer (ET) kinetics (kBI) between a solution‐based redox probe and the immobilized protein. In addition, the tunneling ET between the immobilized protein and the underlying gold electrode was calculated. A kBI value of (5.0±0.6)×108 mol−1 cm3 s−1 for the bimolecular ET and a standard tunneling rate constant (k0) of 46.4±0.2 s−1 for the tunneling ET have been obtained.
Slope‐area thresholds of road‐induced gully erosion and consequent hillslope–channel interactions
Authors: Katz Harry Alexander , Daniels J. Michael , Ryan Sandra 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTPikes Peak Highway is a partially paved road between Cascade, Colorado and the summit of Pikes Peak. Significant gully erosion is occurring on the hillslopes due to the concentration of surface runoff, the rearrangement of drainage pathways along the road surface and adjacent drainage ditches, and the high erodibility of weathered Pikes Peak granite that underlies the area. As a result, large quantities of sediment are transported to surrounding valley networks causing significant damage to water quality and aquatic, wetland, and riparian ecosystems. This study establishes the slope/drainage area threshold for gullying along Pikes Peak Highway and a cesium‐137 based sediment budget highlighting rates of gully erosion and subsequent valley deposition for a small headwater basin. The threshold for gullying along the road is Scr = 0 · 21A–0·45 and the road surface reduces the critical slope requirement for gullying compared to natural drainages in the area. Total gully volume for the 20 gullies along the road is estimated at 5974 m3, with an erosion rate of 64 m3 yr–1 to 101 m3 yr–1. Net valley deposition is estimated at 162 m3 yr–1 with 120 m3 yr–1 unaccounted for by gullying. The hillslope–channel interface is decoupled with minimal downstream sediment transport which results in significant local gully‐derived sedimentation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance of the Precision Time Protocol for clock synchronisation in smart grid applications
Authors: Kassouf Marthe , Dupont Louis , Béland Jean , Fadlallah Adam 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTAccurate time stamping is essential for reliable operation of the automation and control systems used across a smart grid. This paper investigates the performance of the Precision Time Protocol (PTP) for time distribution over the telecommunication networks interconnecting such systems. Distributed clocks are arranged in a PTP master‐slave hierarchy and can be synchronised to an international time standard with sub‐microsecond accuracy. Using Hydro Québec's telecommunications facilities, we investigate the synchronisation error that is observed using some of the latest PTP clock prototypes over a widely spread network. As such, field trials are performed by deploying PTP master and slave clocks in distant sites of Hydro Québec's wide area network (WAN). A thorough analysis of these trial outcomes is further conducted using laboratory experiments that point out the impact of different parameters such as the PTP messages rate, as well as the link bandwidth and asymmetry. Our analysis leads to important criteria for optimal PTP system design in a WAN environment using appropriate clock and network parameter settings. Improving the PTP clocks internal features is also part of this optimal design, since it is necessary for maintaining the required synchronisation performance in power grid applications running under scarce communication network bandwidth conditions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantile Double AR Time Series Models for Financial Returns
Authors: Cai Yuzhi , Montes‐Rojas Gabriel , Olmo Jose 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTWe develop a novel quantile double autoregressive model for modelling financial time series. This is done by specifying a generalized lambda distribution to the quantile function of the location‐scale double autoregressive model developed by Ling (2004, 2007). Parameter estimation uses Markov chain Monte Carlo Bayesian methods. A simulation technique is introduced for forecasting the conditional distribution of financial returnsmperiods ahead, and hence any for predictive quantities of interest. The application to forecasting value‐at‐risk at different time horizons and coverage probabilities for Dow Jones Industrial Average shows that our method works very well in practice. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Uncertainty in static CO2 storage capacity estimates: Case study from the North Sea, UK
Authors: Hedley Benjamin J. , Davies Richard J. , Mathias Simon A. , Hanstock David , Gluyas Jon G. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe used a sub‐salt Rotliegend Group sandstone saline aquifer in the North Sea as a case study site for Monte‐Carlo‐based CO2 geostorage capacity assessment. In the area of interest, this unit is characterized by sparse, low resolution, subsurface data typical of the margins of global petroleum provinces, favored for CO2 storage. Such data scarcity leads to uncertainty regarding the complex trap geometries and ultimate CO2 storage capacity. The Rotliegend reservoir, estimated to have porosity and permeability ranges of 11–27% and 0.2 mD–125 mD, respectively, is sealed by Zechstein salt. The salt, predominantly halite, is a proven hydrocarbon seal in the central and southern North Sea hosting oil and gas columns of >140 m (>450 ft) and >150 m (>500 ft). Utilizing 2D‐seismic data, boreholes and analogues, we estimate the pore volume of a 5‐km2 4‐way dip‐closed structure through Monte‐Carlo‐based capacity simulations. We estimated storage capacity using published methodologies and compared this against a theoretical total storage calculation analogous to the gas in place equation used in the petroleum industry. We found that different methods yield a capacity range of <104 to >109 tonnes CO2 where sensitivity analysis indicates variability in reservoir properties to be the dominant control. Thus static estimates based upon Monte‐Carlo calculations present no advantage over theoretical pore volume estimations. This leaves 3D dynamic modeling of storage capacity populated by 3D seismic data and direct down‐hole measurement of reservoir properties to improve confidence in capacity estimations as the recommended method.
Definitive treatment of androgen receptor–positive salivary duct carcinoma with androgen deprivation therapy and external beam radiotherapy
Authors: Soper Margaret S. , Iganej Shawn , Thompson Lester D. R. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundSalivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is an aggressive malignancy with high recurrence rates. Standard management includes surgical resection followed by adjuvant radiation. Androgen receptor positivity has been described to be present in 40% to 90% of SDCs, and a recent case series showed a benefit to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in recurrent or metastatic disease.Methods and ResultsWe present the case of an 87‐year‐old woman with a locally advanced androgen receptor–positive parotid SDC treated definitively with ADT and external beam radiotherapy, a regimen modeled after the treatment of prostate cancer. She had a complete response on positron emission tomography (PET)/CT scan and had no evidence of disease 24 months after the completion of treatment.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this case report is the first to describe the use of ADT plus radiation to definitively treat SDC. This regimen could be considered in patients with androgen receptor–positive SDCs who are considered unresectable or who refuse surgery. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: E4–E7, 2014
Site‐Specific Functional Labeling of Nucleic Acids by In Vitro Replication and Transcription using Unnatural Base Pair Systems
Authors: Kimoto Michiko , Hikida Yasushi , Hirao Ichiro 
Published: May 2013

AbstractExpansion of the genetic alphabet by an artificial extra base pair (unnatural base pair) system allows for the site‐specific functionalization of nucleic acids by polymerase reactions. By attaching functional groups of interest to an unnatural base, a functional unnatural base substrate can be incorporated as a fifth base into DNA or RNA at desired positions, opposite its complementary sixth unnatural base partner in templates. Over the past twenty years, several unnatural base pairs that function in replication and/or transcription in vitro have been developed, and their utility in PCR amplification and T7 transcription has been demonstrated. Here we introduce the development of unnatural base pairs and their application to replication and transcription, with particular focus on our unnatural base pair systems.
Circulating tumor markers: Predictors of incomplete cytoreduction and powerful determinants of outcome in pseudomyxoma peritonei
Authors: Kusamura Shigeki , Hutanu Ionut , Baratti Dario , Deraco Marcello 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundIncomplete cytoreduction (IC) is one of the main prognostic factor in pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP). We evaluated the ability of preoperative Ca125, CEA, and Ca19‐9 to predict IC and prognosis in PMP.MethodsOne hundred fifty‐six cases elected candidate to cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy from 1996 to 2011 were included in the study. We assessed the: (1) optimal cut‐off values for circulating Tumor markers (CTM) in predicting IC (residual disease >2.5 mm) using receiver‐operating characteristics (ROC); (2) discriminant power of CTM and risk prediction models for IC by calculating the area under ROC curve (AUC‐ROC); (3) prognostic factors using Cox proportional‐hazard model.ResultsOptimal cut‐offs were 125 U/ml for Ca125, 18 ng/ml for CEA, and 89 U/ml for Ca19‐9. The AUCs‐ROC were 0.76, 0.68, and 0.69 for Ca125, CEA, and Ca19‐9, respectively. The addition of CTM to risk prediction model that considered preoperative clinicopathological factors increased marginally the AUC‐ROC (0.80–0.84). Ca125 > 125 U/ml, Ca19‐9 > 89 U/ml independently affected overall survival.ConclusionsPreoperative CTMs were reasonable but not perfect discriminators of IC. Moreover, Ca125 and Ca19‐9, using new cut‐off values, were proven to be new strong prognostic factors that overcome the value of disease extension and histological subtype. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;108:1–8. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Single‐Sided NMR of Semicrystalline Polymers
Authors: Adams Alina , Blümich Bernhard 
Published: May 2013

SummaryMorphological changes of large‐size semicrystalline polyethylene samples induced by different procedures such as annealing, aging, deformation, and interaction with solvents have been investigated non‐destructively by single‐sided NMR. The results are summarized and problems encountered in the characterisation of these polymer materials and the opportunities opened up by this innovative analytical method are discussed.
Electrical and Magnetic Conduction Properties of Polythiophene Doped with FeCl3
Authors: Kelkar Deepali , Chourasia Ashish 
Published: May 2013

SummaryPolythiophene (PT) is an important conjugated polymer that finds applications in electronic and molecular electronic devices. Considering its application area, its electrical conductivity is of major concern. In the present work electrical conductivity (σ) measurements of chemically synthesized and FeCl3 doped PT samples were carried out using a two probe method by applying voltages from 0 V to 100 V in the temperature range from 313 K to 373 K. There was an increase in electrical conductivity by two orders of magnitude after doping. I–V characteristic curves of undoped and doped samples show negative resistance behavior. From log σ versus 1/T graphs it was found that all doped samples showed a metallic nature, where as undoped polythiophene showed a semiconducting nature. Magnetic susceptibility measurements of all samples were carried out using Guoy's method in the temperature range from 300 K to 500 K to characterize the predominant charge carriers. They revealed that the undoped sample was completely diamagnetic in nature where as for the doped samples a number of transitions from diamagnetic to paramagnetic and vice versa were observed with increase in temperature.
Heterogeneous Sulphonation of Polystyrene for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Application
Authors: Hendrana Sunit , Chaldun Elsy Rachimi , Pudjiastuti Sri , Rahayu Imam , Natanael Christi Liamita , Oktaverina Dwi , Semboor Morina Seftiviani 
Published: May 2013

SummaryA new polymer electrolyte membane for fuel cell has been developed between sulfonated polystyrene (sPS) and polyethylene grafted maleic anhydride (PE‐g‐MAH). This approach requires a precise sulfonate distribution across sPS backbone. Precise distribution of sulfonate groups in sPS can be achieved by gas‐liquid heterogeneous sulphonation. Type of solvents, gas carrier flow rate affect the end products of sPS in term of degree of sulphonation and backbone destruction. Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) prepared using sPS prepared by gas‐liquid heterogeneous sulphonation. The membrane shows very good performance. The ion exchange capacity as good as commercial products.
SiC Nanofibres Produced by the Combustion Synthesis as the Nanocomposites Fillers
Authors: Dąbrowska Agnieszka , Huczko Andrzej , Katunin Andrzej 
Published: May 2013

SummaryThe aim of this work is to present the possibilities of applying combustion synthesis to produce a new generation of nanocomposites fillers. The Self‐Propagation High‐temperature Synthesis (SHS) is an easy to carry on, fast, cheap, environmental friendly and self‐sustainable process which, due to its nonlinearity, leads to the variety of nanomaterials that are not possible to obtain using conventional chemical methods. Among those nanomaterials, the silicon carbide nanofibres (SiCNFs) are particularly interesting because of their properties such as: thermal and chemical resistance, and enhancement of SiC mechanical features. The produced SiCNFs and their bundles were successfully incorporated in two epoxy resins matrices: EL20 and EPIKOTE 828 respectively. As obtained material exhibits noticeably different, in comparison with the pure polymer, mechanical and vibrational properties, even for the low (<1%) phr. Moreover, in range from 0.1 to 1% wt of the filler, the local extremum for viscoelastic parameters has been observed. As the further detailed basic studies are foreseen, this research presents the attempt to deal with the nanocomposites phenomena by detailed filler qualitative and quantitative characterization.
Development of Microwave Absorbing Materials Based on DBSA doped Polyaniline/Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 Nanocomposites
Authors: Mandal Avinandan , Das Chapal Kumar 
Published: May 2013

SummaryThe microwave absorbers based on Lead zirconium titanate [Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3] − DBSA‐doped polyaniline nanocomposites in different compositions were prepared in epoxy resin polymeric matrices by keeping the filler concentration ∼30% in all the samples. Lead zirconium titanate nanoparticles were prepared by homogeneous precipitation method and dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA)‐doped polyaniline was prepared by chemical oxidation route. Doping of DBSA with polyaniline was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscope (FTIR). Crystallinity & phase analysis have examined by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and morphological analysis was done by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM). Energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscope (EDS) confirmed the presence of chemical constituents in the prepared composites. The important parameters like real & imaginary parts of permittivity have been measured at different microwave frequencies in X‐band (8.2–12.4 GHz) by employing vector network analyzer (PNA E8364B) and software module 85071. With the help of these permittivity values, return loss (dB) values of the absorbers have been calculated. The prepared absorbers showed enhanced microwave absorbing properties in wide range of frequency in the X‐band (8.2–12.4 GHz) region with a minimum return loss of −49.39 dB at 9.38 GHz. The microwave absorbing properties of the nanocomposites were improved with increasing % of polyaniline.