bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the tolerability and safety of a 0.015% ingenol mebutate gel compared to 5% 5‐fluorouracil cream for the treatment of facial actinic keratosis: a prospective randomized trial
Authors: Samorano L.P. , Torezan L.A. , Sanches J.A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundFive per cent 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) cream is a well‐established treatment for actinic keratosis (AK), and ingenol mebutate gel (IMB) is a novel topical field‐directed therapy.ObjectiveTo compare the tolerability and safety of IMB with that of 5‐FU for the treatment of facial AK.MethodsAn open‐label, prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial with 100 patients with AKs within a 25‐cm2 contiguous field on the face was conducted. IMB was applied daily for three consecutive days. 5‐FU was applied twice a day for 4 weeks. The treatment effect and the adverse events were evaluated at baseline and on days 2, 3, 4, 8, 15, 22, 29, 36 and 43 for intent‐to‐treat populations.ResultsThe mean (±SD) maximum local skin reactions (LSR) for patients treated with IMB was 10.85 (± 3.12), compared with 10.86 (± 3.55) for those who received 5‐FU. Patients in the IMB group presented LSR that peaked at day 4 and almost completely regressed after 15 days. Differently, in the 5‐FU group, the LSR peaked at day 29 and lasted until visit 36. Additionally, the area under the curve (LSR × visit) was significantly smaller for IMB. No differences between the treatments for pruritus, pain, tearing, conjunctival hyperaemia or headaches were noted, but the eyelid oedema rate was higher for IMB group. No significant difference in the proportion of dropouts was observed between groups. Both treatments demonstrated a suitable safety profile.ConclusionFor treating AKs, the local skin reactions in the IMB group were more short‐lived compared with those of 5‐FU, but both treatments seemed to be safe and tolerable.
Effect of Toothbrushing on Color Changes of Esthetic Restorative Materials
Authors: Bezgin Tuğba , Özer Levent , Tulga Öz Firdevs , Özkan Pelin 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of various drinks and toothbrushing on the color changes of esthetic restorative materials used in pediatric dentistry.Materials and MethodsForty specimens were prepared from each of three restorative materials (compomer [Dyract AP], glass ionomer cement [Ionofil Molar AC, Voco], composite resin [Filtek Z 250]). Specimens were divided into four groups for immersion in three different staining solutions (cherry juice, cola, chocolate milk) and distilled water. Each group was subdivided into brushing and non‐brushing groups. The specimens in the brushing subgroups were brushed with toothpaste once a day using an electric toothbrush. Color was measured using a colorimeter, and color changes were calculated between baseline and 1, 7, 30, 60 days. Data was analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney U, Wilcoxon, and Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests.ResultsAll the solutions evaluated yielded color changes, and these changes were significantly greater for composite resin than for glass ionomer cement or compomer (p < 0.006). Brushing significantly decreased the color changes of restorative materials (p < 0.004).ConclusionBrushing significantly influenced the color stability of esthetic restorative materials. The results of this study also showed that glass ionomer cements and compomers had higher color stability than composite resins.Clinical SignificanceThe color stability values after brushing may better reflect the discoloration of the esthetic restorative materials. Any color stability study model should consider the effects of toothbrushing that can remove the adsorbed colorants. The results of this study also showed that glass ionomer cements and compomers can be used in anterior restorations of children with their higher color stability than composite resins.
Molecular evidence for the coexistence of two sibling species in Pylaiella littoralis (Ectocarpales, Phaeophyceae) along the Brittany coast
Authors: Geoffroy Alexandre , Mauger Stéphane , De Jode Aurélien , Le Gall Line , Destombe Christophe 
Published: February 2015

The great phenotypic variability and the lack of diagnostic characters in the genus Pylaiella render the systematic study of this genus problematic. In this study, we investigated the diversity of Pylaiella littoralis along the Brittany (France) coast using a DNA barcoding multilocus approach with mitochondrial (cox1, nad1, and atp9) and chloroplastic (rbcL and atpB) markers associated with a population genetics approach using 10 microsatellite markers. In addition, spatio‐temporal sampling was conducted along the Brittany coast. We sampled 140 individuals from four sites located between Saint‐Malo and Concarneau (380 km) from April to October. Mitochondrial sequence data revealed the occurrence of two sibling species, with a minimum of 2.4% divergence between them. Microsatellite genotypic data congruently revealed two well‐supported clusters matching the two mitochondrial clades of Pylaiella. Although gene flow is limited between species, occurrence of genetic admixtures in some populations suggested that reproductive isolation is not complete. Our study highlighted the complementarity of barcoding and population genetics approaches to shed light on the evolutionary processes that lead to speciation.
Insomnia and incident depression: role of objective sleep duration and natural history
Authors: Fernandez‐Mendoza Julio , Shea Sarah , Vgontzas Alexandros N. , Calhoun Susan L. , Liao Duanping , Bixler Edward O. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryLongitudinal studies that have examined the association of insomnia with incident depression using objective sleep measures are very limited. The aim of this study was to examine the predictive role of the severity of insomnia for incident depression in a general population sample using psychometric and polysomnographic data. From a random, general population sample of 1741 individuals of the Penn State Adult Cohort, 1137 adults without depression were followed up with a structured telephone interview after 7.5 years. All subjects completed a full medical evaluation, 1‐night polysomnogram and Multiphasic Minnesota Personality Inventory at baseline. The incidence of depression was 15%. Poor sleep (odds ratio = 1.5, P = 0.001) and insomnia (odds ratio = 1.9, P = 0.031) were significantly associated with incident depression. The odds of incident depression were highest (odds ratio = 2.2, P = 0.019) in insomnia with objective short sleep duration and independent of Multiphasic Minnesota Personality Inventory Ego Strength scores, an index of poor coping resources. The persistence of insomnia and worsening of poor sleep into insomnia significantly increased the odds of incident depression (odds ratios ranged from 1.8 to 6.3), whereas their full remission did not (odds ratio ranged from 1.2 to 1.8). Insomnia with short sleep duration is associated with incident depression independent of poor coping resources, whereas the association of insomnia with normal sleep duration with incident depression was mediated by poor coping resources. Persistence and worsening of poor sleep or insomnia, but not their full remission, are significant predictors of incident depression. These data suggest that there is a significant relationship between the severity of insomnia and incident depression.
Diagnostics for resource‐limited settings in the era of interferon‐free HCV therapy
Authors: Cooke G. S. , Hill A. M. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryThe field of hepatitis C (HCV) therapy is moving inexorably towards a time when interferon is no longer part of routine HCV treatment. 2015 will see at least two interferon‐free directly acting antiviral (DAA) treatments licensed in Europe and the USA. For those parts of the world that can afford it, this will mean the potential for treatment of those who have either failed interferon‐based therapy or have been unable to tolerate the side‐effects that commonly accompany treatment.
In vitro antifungal susceptibilities of isolates of Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. from China to nine systemically active antifungal agents: data from the SENTRY antifungal surveillance program, 2010 through 2012
Authors: Pfaller Michael A. , Castanheira Mariana , Messer Shawn A. , Jones Ronald N. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryWe report the in vitro activity of nine systemically active antifungal agents against 237 contemporary clinical isolates of yeast and moulds obtained from 13 laboratories in China during 2010 through 2012. Susceptibility testing was performed using CLSI methods. Sequencing of fks hot spots was performed for echinocandin non‐wild‐type (WT) strains. Isolates included 220 from eight species of Candida, 15 from four species of Aspergillus and one isolate each of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Trichosporon asahii. Resistance to amphotericin B (0.0%), flucytosine (0.0–1.7%) and the echinocandins (0.0–3.4%) was distinctly uncommon among C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata and C. pelliculosa. Three C. albicans isolates showed resistance to echinocandins and one harboured a mutation in HS1 of fks1. Resistance to the azoles was much more common with resistance to fluconazole, voriconazole and posaconazole detected among isolates of C. glabrata and C. tropicalis. Both C. parapsilosis and C. pelliculosa exhibited decreased susceptibility to fluconazole. Amphotericin B, the mould‐active azoles and the echinocandins were all quite active against isolates of A. fumigatus and A. flavus. Consistent with previous studies from China, resistance to fluconazole is prominent among Candida spp. isolates in this country.
Lifestyle and dental attendance as predictors of oral health‐related quality of life
Authors: Almoznino G , Aframian DJ , Sharav Y , Sheftel Y , Mirzabaev A , Zini A 
Published: February 2015

ObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of health‐related behaviors and dental attendance on oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL).MethodsOne hundred and ninety‐two individuals presenting for dental treatment were included in a cross‐sectional survey using a self‐administered questionnaire that assessed demographics, smoking and alcohol consumption, physical activity habits, dental attendance, and dental pain utilizing a numeric rating scale (NRS). Results of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP)‐14 questionnaire were considered as the dependent variable. A conceptual hierarchical data analysis model from distal to proximal determinants of the median OHIP‐14 total score was adopted.ResultsAnalysis of the OHIP‐14 domains and total score revealed several significant protector characteristics: younger age, academic education, no alcohol consumption, regular physical activity, fewer smoking pack years, routine dental attendance, and lower NRS scores. Routine dental attendance was related to lower NRS scores (P < 0.001) which in turn were associated with lower OHIP‐14 scores (P = 0.018). Better health‐related behaviors (P = 0.039) and routine dental attendance (P = 0.029) also correlated directly with lower OHIP‐14 scores.ConclusionsBetter health‐related behaviors and routine dental attendance have a protective effect on OHRQoL. Clinicians should assess these behaviors during routine diagnostic workups. Global health authorities need to integrate oral and general health care and improve both OHrQoL and HrQoL.
Survival rates after surgical salvage procedures using mandible external pin fixation
Authors: Smolka W. , Cornelius C.‐P. , Mast G. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate if temporary application of a mandible external pin fixator is a helpful tool in salvage surgery of recurrent squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) including segmental mandibulectomy.Material and methodsSalvage surgery including continuity mandibular resection was performed for treatment of recurrent SCC in 10 patients. The bone defects were bridged using a mandible external fixator. In cases of histologically proven tumour‐free margins, secondary reconstruction was performed. In cases of R1‐resection, re‐resection was performed until R0‐resection was achieved. The mandible was reconstructed in a further procedure using regional or distant flaps. Data regarding tumour persistence, re‐recurrence, survival rate and complications were analysed retrospectively.ResultsApplication of a mandible external pin fixator was possible in all cases. Six patients needed re‐resection prior to reconstructive procedures. Reconstruction could be performed in eight patients. Local re‐recurrence occurred in one patient. Recurrence within cervical lymph nodes appeared in three patients. The survival rate after a mean follow‐up of 42.2 months was 50%.ConclusionsTemporary external pin fixation of the mandible is a helpful tool for enlarged re‐resections. The risk of tumour persistence and early local re‐recurrence prior to advanced mandibular reconstruction can be minimised. There is no influence on the survival rate of patients with recurrent SCC of the oral cavity.
Cryopreservation of cord blood CD34+ cells before or after thrombopoietin expansion differentially affects early platelet recovery in NOD SCID mice
Authors: van Hensbergen Yvette , van der Garde Mark , Brand Anneke , Slot Manon C. , de Graaf‐Dijkstra Alice , Watt Suzanne , Zwaginga Jaap Jan 
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUNDExpansion of human cord blood (CB) CD34+ cells with thrombopoietin (TPO) can accelerate delayed platelet (PLT) recovery after transplantation into immunodeficient mice. Clinical implementation, however, will depend on practical and effective protocols. The best timing of TPO expansion in relation to cryopreservation in this respect is unknown.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSIn this study, we evaluated whether the order of cryopreservation and TPO expansion affected the expansion rate and numbers of clonogenic hematopoietic progenitor cells in vitro or PLT and longer‐term hematopoietic repopulation in NOD SCID mice in vivo.RESULTSOur results demonstrate higher expansion rates and the generation of higher numbers of multilineage and megakaryocytic progenitors (granulocyte, erythrocyte, monocyte, megakaryocyte colony‐forming units and megakaryocyte colony‐forming units) in vitro when freshly isolated CB CD34+ cells are first cultured with TPO and then cryopreserved and thawed as compared to TPO expansion after CD34+ cell cryopreservation. In contrast, the cells produced with the latter strategy showed higher expression of CD62L and a superior stromal cell–derived factor‐1α–mediated migration. This might play a role in an also observed superior early PLT recovery after transplantation of these cells into NOD SCID mice. The hematopoietic engraftment in the marrow 6 weeks after transplantation was not different between the two strategies.CONCLUSIONAlthough TPO expansion before cryopreservation would yield higher nucleated cell and clonogenic myeloid and megakaryocyte cell numbers and enable earlier availability, CB TPO expansion after cryopreservation is likely to be clinically more effective, despite the lower number of cells obtained after expansion. Moreover, the latter strategy is logistically more feasible.
Under‐sown cover crops and post‐harvest mowing as measures to control Elymus repens
Authors: Ringselle B , Bergkvist G , Aronsson H , Andersson L 
Published: February 2015

SummaryTwo potential control methods for Elymus repens, which do not disturb the soil, are post‐harvest mowing and competition from under‐sown cover crops. Our aim was to quantify the effect of cover crop competition and mowing on E. repens and to evaluate the potential for combining the two methods. We present a two‐factorial split‐plot experiment conducted at three locations in Sweden, in two experimental rounds conducted in 2011–2012 and 2012–2013. A spring cereal crop was under‐sown with perennial ryegrass, red clover or a mixture of the two (subplots). Under‐sown crops were either not mowed, or mowed once or twice post‐harvest (main plots). This was followed by ploughing and a new spring cereal crop the next year. Mowing twice reduced autumn shoot biomass by up to 66% for E. repens and 50% for cover crops compared with the control, twice as much as mowing once. Pure ryegrass and mixture treatments reduced E. repens shoot biomass by up to 40% compared with the control. Mowing twice reduced rhizome biomass in the subsequent year by 35% compared with the control, while the pure red clover treatment increased it by 20–30%. Mowing twice and treatments including red clover resulted in higher subsequent grain yields. We concluded that repeated mowing has the potential to control E. repens, but a low‐yielding cover crop has insufficient effect on rhizome biomass. Clover–grass mixtures are of interest as cover crops, because they have the potential to increase subsequent crop yield and even at low levels they reduce E. repens above‐ground autumn growth.
High-Efficiency Gamma-Beta Blind Alpha Spectrometry for Nuclear Energy Applications
Authors: Webster Jeffrey A. , Hagen Alexander , Archambault Brian C. , Hume Nicholas , Taleyarkhan Rusi 
Published: February 2015

A novel, centrifugally tensioned metastable fluid detector (CTMFD) sensor technology has been developed over the last decade to demonstrate high selective sensitivity and detection efficiency to various forms of radiation for wide-ranging conditions (e.g., power, safeguards, security, and health physics) relevant to the nuclear energy industry. The CTMFD operates by tensioning a liquid with centrifugal force to weaken the bonds in the liquid to the point whereby even femtoscale nuclear particle interactions can break the fluid and cause a detectable vaporization cascade. The operating principle has only peripheral similarity to the superheated bubble chamber-based superheated droplet detectors (SDD). Instead, CTMFDs utilize mechanical “tension pressure” instead of thermal superheat, offering a lot of practical advantages. CTMFDs have been used to detect a variety of alpha- and neutron-emitting sources in near real time. The CTMFD is blind to gamma photons and betas allowing for detection of alphas and neutrons in extreme gamma/beta background environments such as spent fuel reprocessing plants. The selective sensitivity allows for differentiation between alpha emitters including the isotopes of plutonium. Mixtures of plutonium isotopes have been measured in ratios of 1∶1, 2∶1, and 3∶1 Pu-238:Pu-239 with successful differentiation. Due to the lack of gamma-beta background interference, the CTMFD is inherently more sensitive than scintillation-based alpha spectrometers or SDDs and has been proved capable to detect below femtogram quantities of plutonium-238. Plutonium is also easily distinguishable from neptunium, making it easy to measure the plutonium concentration in the NPEX stream of a UREX reprocessing facility. The CTMFD has been calibrated for alphas from americium (5.5 MeV) and curium (∼6  MeV) as well. Furthermore, the CTMFD has, recently, also been used to detect spontaneous and induced fission events, which can be differentiated from alpha decay, allowing for detection of fissionable material in a mixture of isotopes. This paper discusses these transformational developments, which are also being considered for real-world commercial use.
Draft Genome Sequence of Talaromyces cellulolyticus Strain Y-94, a Source of Lignocellulosic Biomass-Degrading Enzymes
Authors: Fujii Tatsuya , Koike Hideaki , Sawayama Shigeki , Yano Shinichi , Inoue Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT
Talaromyces cellulolyticus (formerly Acremonium cellulolyticus) is a promising fungus for cellulase production. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of T. cellulolyticus strain Y-94. The genome is 36.4 Mbp long and contains genes for several enzymes involved in the degradation of lignocellulosic biomass, including cellulases, hemicellulases, pectinases, and amylases.
Analysis of the Complete Mycoplasma hominis LBD-4 Genome Sequence Reveals Strain-Variable Prophage Insertion and Distinctive Repeat-Containing Surface Protein Arrangements
Authors: Calcutt Michael J. , Foecking Mark F. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

The complete genome sequence of
Mycoplasma hominis
LBD-4 has been determined and the gene content ascribed. The 715,165-bp chromosome contains 620 genes, including 14 carried by a strain-variable prophage genome related to
Mycoplasma fermentans
MFV-1 and
Mycoplasma arthritidis
MAV-1. Comparative analysis with the genome of M. hominis PG21
T
reveals distinctive arrangements of repeat-containing surface proteins.
Whole-Genome Sequences of the Archetypal K1 Escherichia coli Neonatal Isolate RS218 and Contemporary Neonatal Bacteremia Clinical Isolates SCB11, SCB12, and SCB15
Authors: Day Michael W. , Jackson Lydgia A. , Akins Darrin R. , Dyer David W. , Chavez-Bueno Susana 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

Neonatal bacteremia
Escherichia coli
strains commonly belong to the K1 capsular type. Their ability to cause invasive neonatal disease appears to be determined by other virulence factors that have yet to be identified. We report here the genome sequences of four
E. coli
neonatal bacteremia isolates, including that of the archetypal strain RS218.
HEALTH PROMOTING APPROACHES TO PALLIATIVE CARE: REDUCING THE LONGER TERM IMPACT OF ADVANCED CANCER
Authors: Baker N , Armour K , Meystre C , Redwood S , Dawson A 
Published: February 2015

IntroductionA diagnosis of advanced cancer has a profound impact on the whole family. However, research has mainly focused on patient and carers needs or short-term interventions; with little emphasis on their own coping strategies or the wider impact on health.Aim(s) and method(s)27 semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients with advanced breast, colorectal or lung cancer and their close relatives. Questions focused on their experiences, coping strategies and the impact of these on cancer beliefs and attitudes. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and data analysed using the constant comparison method.ResultsPatients had more positive attitudes to cancer than relatives, whilst adapting to and accepting dying. They described multiple approaches to coping which centred on regaining control. These included seeking and accessing information, adopting positive attitudes to living with progressive disease, increasing connectedness to their loved ones and leaving a legacy. A legacy was often a hope that their situation would positively impact on others in the future. Relatives, in contrast, described multiple levels of fear and helplessness, which led to strongly fatalistic beliefs about cancer and cancer information avoidance, in spite of an increasing perception of their own vulnerability.ConclusionsA health promoting approach to palliative care, based on supporting self-management and empowering patients' own coping strategies, could have multiple benefits. These may include reducing fatalistic beliefs about cancer, which are associated with lack of receptivity to cancer prevention messages and delayed diagnosis.