bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Edoxaban versus placebo, aspirin, or aspirin plus clopidogrel for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation
Authors: Rasmussen Lars , Larsen Torben , Blann Andrew , Skjøth Flemming , Lip Gregory 
Published: June 2015

SummaryAs non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) brings a risk of stroke, oral anticoagulants (OAC) are recommended. In ‘real world’ clinical practice, many patients (who may be, or perceived to be, intolerant of OACs) are either untreated or are treated with anti-platelet agents. We hypothesised that edoxaban has a better net clinical benefit (NCB, balancing the reduction in stroke risk vs increased risk of haemorrhage) than no treatment or anti-platelet agents. We performed a network meta-analysis of published data from 24 studies of 203,394 AF patients to indirectly compare edoxaban with aspirin alone, aspirin plus clopidogrel, and placebo. Edoxaban 30 mg once daily significantly reduced the risk of all stroke, ischaemic stroke and mortality compared to placebo and aspirin. Compared to aspirin plus clopidogrel, there was a lower risk of intra-cranial haemorrhage (ICH). Edoxaban 60 mg once-daily had a reduced risk of any stroke and systemic embolism compared to placebo, aspirin, and aspirin plus clopidogrel. Mortality rates for both edoxaban doses were estimated to be lower compared to any anti-platelet, and significantly lower compared to placebo. With overall reduced risk of ischemic stroke and ICH, both edoxaban doses bring a NCB of mean (SD) 1.68 (0.15) saved events per 100 patients per year compared to anti-platelet drugs in a clinical trial population. The NCB was demonstrated to be lower, at 0.77 (0.12) events saved (p< 0.01) when modeled to data from a ‘real world’ cohort of AF patients. In conclusion, edoxaban is likely to provide even better protection from stroke and ICH than placebo, aspirin alone, or aspirin plus clopidogrel in both clinical trial populations and unselected community populations. Both edoxaban doses would also bring a positive NCB compared to anti-platelet drugs or placebo/non-treatment based on ‘real world’ data.Note: The review process for this paper was fully handled by Christian Weber, Editor in Chief.
Partial retraction: Legacy of Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann: The spiral of silence and other controversies
Authors: Splichal Slavko 
Published: June 2015

The following article has been partially retracted and a previously published electronic version has been removed for legal reasons at the request of Dr Ralph Erich Schmidt. If you have a concern about this, please contact SAGE. Splichal S (2015) Legacy of Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann: The spiral of silence and other controversies. European Journal of Communication 30 (3): 353-363. doi: 10.1177/0267323115589265 The retracted part of Slavko Splichal’s article reviewed Jörg Becker’s biography of Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann. Since this biography was published in Germany in 2013, Jörg Becker has retracted a series of statements in the legally binding form of cease-and-desist declarations subject to penalty.
Ultrasonically Guided Insertion of a Peritoneo-Gastric Shunt in Patients with Malignant Ascites
Authors: Lorentzen T. , Sengeløv L. , Nolsøe C. P. , Khattar S. C. , Karstrup S. , von der Maase H. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: A new method for internal drainage of malignant ascites is presented in 5 patients with symptomatic malignant ascites. Material and Methods: US-guided percutaneous gastrostomy and paracentesis were performed using the Seldinger technique. A 2.5-mm Cope-loop catheter was inserted in the fluid-filled stomach. In the lower abdomen the proximal part of a Denver peritoneo—venous shunt was introduced after dilation up to 4.8 mm. The pump chamber was sutured to the skin. The distal part of the Denver shunt was cut a few cm from the pump chamber and connected to the gastrostomy catheter. When pumping, ascites is shunted to the stomach lumen. Results: The insertion presented no complications, and all shunt systems initially functioned well. However, the shunts had to be removed within the first 2 weeks because of mechanical problems such as clotting, leakage, and peritoneal septum formation. No infections were reported. Conclusion: The peritoneo—gastric shunt may present a therapeutic alternative in selected patients, but the mechanical problems have first to be solved.
Scapholunate Distance in Children
Authors: Leicht P. , Mikkelsen J. Beck , Larsen C. Falck 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: To measure the scapholunate distance in normal wrists in a child population. Material and Methods: In 79 children with unilateral wrist trauma boths wrists were radiographed in p.a. and lateral views. Results: The median scapholunate distance ranged from 9 mm in the 7-year-old to 3 mm in the 15-year-old children. Baseline values are presented.
Structural study of Zn-exchanged natural clinoptilolite using powder XRD and positron annihilation data
Authors: Dimowa L.T. , Petrov O.E. , Djourelov N.I. , Shivachev B.L. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractZn-exchanged natural clinoptilolite was studied by powder X-ray diffraction and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. The original clinoptilolite tuff was subjected to size fractionation by sedimentation and dissolution of cristobalite (opal-C). After Zn2+-exchange the purified clinoptilolite sample contained 2.2 Zn2+ions per unit cell. Structural details obtained by Rietveld refinement showed that the Zn2+cations are located in three sites (Zn1, Zn2 and Zn3) in the channels of the clinoptilolite. Site Zn1 is located in the centre of channel-A (Mg2+-M4 site). Site Zn2 is in channel-B, next to the calcium M2 position. A new Zn3 site is located in channel-A, in imminent proximity to Zn1. Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (PALS) was employed to assess the Zn exchange. As the cation content influences the free volume of the channels, the ionexchange process can be monitored by PALS. The results suggest the existence of two sizes of cavities, in accordance with the structural refinement.
High mobility group box 1 levels in large vessel vasculitis are not associated with disease activity but are influenced by age and statins
Authors: de Souza Alexandre W. S. , van der Geest Kornelis S. M. , Brouwer Elisabeth , Pinheiro Frederico A. G. , Oliveira Ana Cecília Diniz , Sato Emília Inoue , Andrade Luis Eduardo C. , Bijl Marc , Westra Johanna , Kallenberg Cees G. M. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Takayasu arteritis (TA) and giant cell arteritis (GCA) are large vessel vasculitides (LVV) that usually present as granulomatous inflammation in arterial walls. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear protein that acts as an alarmin when released by dying or activated cells. This study aims to evaluate whether serum HMGB1 can be used as a biomarker in LVV.

Methods
Twenty-nine consecutive TA patients with 29 healthy controls (HC) were evaluated in a cross-sectional study. Eighteen consecutive GCA patients with 16 HC were evaluated at the onset of disease and some of them during follow-up. Serum HMGB1 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results
In GCA patients at disease onset mean serum HMGB1 levels did not differ from HC (5.74 ± 4.19 ng/ml vs. 4.17 ± 3.14 ng/ml; p = 0.230). No differences in HMGB1 levels were found between GCA patients with and without polymyalgia rheumatica (p = 0.167), ischemic manifestations (p = 0.873), systemic manifestations (p = 0.474) or relapsing disease (p = 0.608). During follow-up, no significant fluctuations on serum HMGB1 levels were observed from baseline to 3 months (n = 13) (p = 0.075), 12 months (n = 6) (p = 0.093) and at the first relapse (n = 4) (p = 0.202). Serum HMGB1 levels did not differ between TA patients and HC [1.19 (0.45–2.10) ng/ml vs. 1.46 (0.89–3.34) ng/ml; p = 0.181] and no difference was found between TA patients with active disease and in remission [1.31 (0.63–2.16) ng/ml vs. 0.75 (0.39–2.05) ng/ml; p = 0.281]. HMGB1 levels were significantly lower in 16 TA patients on statins compared with 13 patients without statins [0.59 (0.29–1.46) ng/ml vs. 1.93 (0.88–3.34) ng/ml; p = 0.019]. Age was independently associated with higher HMGB1 levels regardless of LVV or control status.

Conclusions
Patients with TA and GCA present similar serum HMGB1 levels compared with HC. Serum HMGB1 is not useful to discriminate between active disease and remission. In TA, use of statins was associated with lower HMGB1 levels. HMGB1 is not a biomarker for LVV.
iTRAQ-based analysis of progerin expression reveals mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species accumulation and altered proteostasis
Authors: Mateos Jesús , Landeira-Abia Arancha , Fafián-Labora Juan Antonio , Fernández-Pernas Pablo , Lesende-Rodríguez Iván , Fernández-Puente Patricia , Fernández-Moreno Mercedes , Delmiro Aitor , Martín Miguel A. , Blanco Francisco J. , Arufe María C. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Nuclear accumulation of a mutant form of the nuclear protein Lamin-A, called Progerin (PG) or Lamin AΔ50, occurs in Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) or Progeria, an accelerated aging disease. One of the main symptoms of this genetic disorder is a loss of sub-cutaneous fat due to a dramatic lipodystrophy.

Methods
We stably induced the expression of human PG and GFP -Green Fluorescent Protein- as control in 3T3L1 cells using a lentiviral system to study the effect of PG expression in the differentiation capacity of this cell line, one of the most used adipogenic models. Quantitative proteomics (iTRAQ) was done to study the effect of the PG accumulation. Several of the modulated proteins were validated by immunoblotting and real-time PCR. Mitochondrial function was analyzed by measurement of a) the mitochondrial basal activity, b) the superoxide anion production and c) the individual efficiency of the different complex of the respiratory chain.

Results
We found that over-expression PG by lentiviral gene delivery leads to a decrease in the proliferation rate and to defects in adipogenic capacity when compared to the control. Quantitative proteomics analysis showed 181 proteins significantly (p < 0.05) modulated in PG-expressing preadipocytes. Mitochondrial function is impaired in PG-expressing cells. Specifically, we have detected an increase in the activity of the complex I and an overproduction of Superoxide anion. Incubation with Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) scavenger agents drives to a decrease in autophagic proteolysis as revealed by LC3-II/LC3-I ratio.

Conclusion
PG expression in 3T3L1 cells promotes changes in several Biological Processes, including structure of cytoskeleton, lipid metabolism, calcium regulation, translation, protein folding and energy generation by the mitochondria. Our data strengthen the contribution of ROS accumulation to the premature aging phenotype and establish a link between mitochondrial dysfunction and loss of proteostasis in HGPS.
Positive fixed points for convex and decreasing operators in probabilistic Banach spaces with an application to a two-point boundary value problem
Authors: Jleli Mohamed , Samet Bessem 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe establish a fixed point theorem for decreasing and convex operators in a probabilistic Banach space partially ordered by a normal cone. We give an application to the study of the existence and uniqueness of positive solutions to a two-point boundary value problem.
Human Chromosome Y and Haplogroups; introducing YDHS Database
Authors: Tiirikka Timo , Moilanen Jukka S 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundAs the high throughput sequencing efforts generate more biological information, scientists from different disciplines are interpreting the polymorphisms that make us unique. In addition, there is an increasing trend in general public to research their own genealogy, find distant relatives and to know more about their biological background. Commercial vendors are providing analyses of mitochondrial and Y‐chromosomal markers for such purposes. Clearly, an easy‐to‐use free interface to the existing data on the identified variants would be in the interest of general public and professionals less familiar with the field. Here we introduce a novel metadatabase YDHS that aims to provide such an interface for Y‐chromosomal DNA (Y‐DNA) haplogroups and sequence variants.MethodsThe database uses ISOGG Y‐DNA tree as the source of mutations and haplogroups and by using genomic positions of the mutations the database links them to genes and other biological entities. YDHS contains analysis tools for deeper Y‐SNP analysis.ResultsYDHS addresses the shortage of Y‐DNA related databases. We have tested our database using a set of different cases from literature ranging from infertility to autism. The database is at http://www.semanticgen.net/ydhsConclusionsY‐chromosomal DNA (Y‐DNA) haplogroups and sequence variants have not been in the scientific limelight, excluding certain specialized fields like forensics, mainly because there is not much freely available information or it is scattered in different sources. However, as we have demonstrated Y‐SNPs do play a role in various cases on the haplogroup level and it is possible to create a free Y‐DNA dedicated bioinformatics resource.
Psoriasis is characterized by deficient negative immune regulation compared to transient delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions
Authors: Gulati Nicholas , Suárez-Fariñas Mayte , Correa da Rosa Joel , Krueger James G. 
Published: June 2015

Diphencyprone (DPCP) is a hapten that causes delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions in human skin, and is used as a topical therapeutic for alopecia areata, warts, and cutaneous melanoma metastases. We examined peak DTH reactions induced by DPCP (3 days post-challenge) by comprehensive gene expression and histological analysis. To better understand how these DTH reactions naturally resolve, we compared our DPCP biopsies to those from patients with psoriasis vulgaris, a chronic inflammatory disease that does not resolve. By both microarray and qRT-PCR, we found that psoriasis lesional skin has significantly lower expression of many negative immune regulators compared to peak DPCP reactions. These regulators include: interleukin-10, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated 4 (CTLA4), programmed cell death 1 (PD1), programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PDL1), programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 (PDL2), and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1). Their decreased expression was confirmed at the protein level by immunohistochemistry. To more completely determine the balance of positive vs. negative immune regulators in both DPCP reactions and psoriasis, we developed one comprehensive gene list for positive regulatory (inflammatory) genes, and another for negative regulatory (immunosuppressive) genes, through Gene Ontology terms and literature review. With this approach, we found that DPCP reactions have a higher ratio of negative to positive regulatory genes (both in terms of quantity and expression levels) than psoriasis lesional skin. These data suggest that the disease chronicity that distinguishes psoriasis from transient DTH reactions may be related to absence of negative immune regulatory pathways, and induction of these is therefore of therapeutic interest. Further study of these negative regulatory mechanisms that are present in DPCP reactions, but not in psoriasis, could reveal novel players in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation. The DPCP system used here thus provides a tractable model for primary discovery of pathways potentially involved in immune regulation in peripheral tissues.
Type and timing of stream flow changes in urbanizing watersheds in the Eastern U.S.
Authors: Hopkins Kristina G. , Morse Nathaniel B. , Bain Daniel J. , Bettez Neil D. , Grimm Nancy B. , Morse Jennifer L. , Palta Monica M. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Linking the type and timing of hydrologic changes with patterns of urban growth is essential to identifying the underlying mechanisms that drive declines in urban aquatic ecosystems. In six urbanizing watersheds surrounding three U.S. cities (Baltimore, MD, Boston, MA, and Pittsburgh, PA), we reconstructed the history of development patterns since 1900 and assessed the magnitude and timing of stream flow changes during watershed development. Development reconstructions indicated that the majority of watershed development occurred during a period of peak population growth, typically between 1950 and 1970. Stream flow records indicated significant increases in annual frequency of high-flow events in all six watersheds and increases in annual runoff efficiency in five watersheds. Annual development intensity during the peak growth period had the strongest association with the magnitude of changes in high-flow frequency from the pre- to post-development periods. Results suggest the timing of the peak growth period is particularly important to understanding hydrologic changes, because it can set the type of stormwater infrastructure installed within a watershed. In three watersheds there was a rapid (∼10-15 years) shift toward more frequent high-flow events, and in four watersheds there was a shift toward higher runoff efficiency. Breakpoint analyses indicated these shifts occurred between 1969 and 1976 for high-flow frequency and between 1962 and 1984 for runoff efficiency. Results indicated that the timing of high-flow changes were mainly driven by the development trajectory of each watershed, whereas the timing of runoff-efficiency changes were driven by a combination of development trajectories and extreme weather events. Our results underscore the need to refine the causes of urban stream degradation to incorporate the impact of gradual versus rapid urbanization on hydrologic changes and aquatic ecosystem function, as well as to recognize that the dominant drivers of hydrologic changes are heterogeneous among urban watersheds and vary over time.
Experience with Tolvaptan for Euvolemic and Hypervolemic Hyponatremia in the Acute Care Setting
Authors: Olin Jacqueline L. , Mitchell Gwen , Cremisi Henry 
Published: June 2015

Background Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte disorder and is associated with multiple comorbidities. Management strategies are varied and etiology-dependent. The use of tolvaptan, a vasopressin antagonist, outside of clinical trials has not been well characterized. Objectives To quantify tolvaptan compliance with institutional guidelines and make recommendations concerning reasonable expectations for its role in hyponatremia management. Methods This was a retrospective observational study in a 125-bed community hospital. Patients admitted in 2013 who received at least one dose of tolvaptan were included. Results Thirty-seven patient encounters were evaluated. Tolvaptan was prescribed with 83.7% adherence to the institutional order set. Mean age was 71 ± 16.4 years with 20 (54%) females. Hyponatremia was a contributory cause of admission in 15 (40.5%) patients and offending medications were discontinued in 7 (19%). Causes of hyponatremia included syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), heart failure, and cirrhosis in 78.3%, 8.2%, and 13.5% of participants, respectively. Management included fluid restriction in 19 (51%) and furosemide in 5 (13.5%), with tolvaptan administration on average 3.2 days after admission. Most patients (78.4%) required ≤2 doses. Sodium concentration was elevated 8 mEq/L by the end of hospitalization. Discharge to palliative care or death occurred in 8 (21.6%). Postdischarge review revealed 3 (8%) maintained sodium concentration ≥130 mEq/dL. Conclusion Tolvaptan was initiated after other interventions and with limited duration per institutional guidelines. This cohort had complicating underlying chronic diseases. These results will be used to refine recommendations with pharmacist input for risk/benefit stratification based on reasonable expectations.
Les défis de la traduction du théâtre multilingue: le cas de Requiem for the Last Kaiser
Authors: Massoua II Marcelline 
Published: June 2015

The translation of multilingual theatre presents challenges since it queries the generally accepted definition(s) and characteristics of translation as a process and as a product. To date, much research has been carried out with regards to multilingual translation and theatre translation
separately, but less on both (multilingual theatre translation), thus doubling the challenge. The aim of this study is to examine the different strategies, techniques and thought processes involved in solving the challenges encountered in the translation of the multilingual play Requiem for
the Last Kaiser (1998), written by the Cameroonian playwright Bate Besong and recounting the population’s uprising against a dictatorship in a neo-colonial country. This study identifies these challenges and compares the strategies and techniques used to translate the multilingual occurrences
in Requiem for the Last Kaiser to those currently recommended in Translation theory as well as by ­practitioners.
La traduction du théâtre multilingue présente des défis puisqu’elle remet en question les définitions et les caractéristiques
généralement acceptées de la traduction en tant que processus et produit. Plusieurs chercheurs se sont penchés sur la traduction multilingue et la traduction théâtrale séparément mais on rencontre peu l’association des deux (traduction
théâtrale multilingue), ce qui ajoute au défi initial. Le but de cette étude est d’examiner les différentes stratégies, techniques et procédures mises en œuvre pour aborder les défis rencontrés dans la traduction de
la pièce de théâtre multilingue Requiem for the Last Kaiser (1998). Elle a été écrite par le dramaturge camerounais Bate Besong et raconte le soulèvement de la population d’un État néocolonial contre son pouvoir dictatorial.
La recherche s’est faite en identifiant ces défis et en comparant les stratégies et techniques effectivement utilisées dans la traduction des occurrences multilingues de Requiem for the Last Kaiser et celles préconisées par les théories traductologiques
et les praticiens.
Deficiencies of the Rule of Law and the Legal Culture, and Its relationship to Underdevelopment
Authors: Fonseca Francisco Javier 
Published: June 2015

AbstractFor many years research on development has been focused on complex economic models. However, the underdevelopment phenomenon entails important cultural aspects which have been barely explored. One of those aspects is the relationship between legal culture and the rule of law, and its effects on development. The aim of this article is to find evidence of the relationship between the lack of the binomial rule of law/legal culture and underdevelopment. The article states that legal culture and rule of law, as factors for development, are a binomial, meaning that, in the research of development/underdevelopment phenomenon, those factors are to be studied together. Rule of law, in terms of its relationship with development, should not be conceived as a mere formal expression of generalized submission to laws, including on the part of the organs of the State itself, but it should also be observed from a broader perspective. Hence its necessary connection with the legal culture, as the existence of these laws and the actual fact that people, generally, be conscious of them and their conduct be guided by them. The existence of the binomial rule of law/legal culture constitutes, in this way, a framework for the flourishing of development in a given region or country.
Öffentlichkeitsarbeit in der Stadt-und Regionalbibliothek Frankfurt (Oder)
Authors: Wissen Dirk 
Published: June 2015

Zusammenfassung:
Die Stadt- und Regionalbibliothek Frankfurt (Oder) hat in den letzten Jahren ihre Aktivitäten im Bereich der Öffentlichkeits- und Veranstaltungsarbeit intensiviert. Durch zahlreiche Kooperation mit Kultureinrichtungen, Buchhandlungen und Unternehmen ist es ihr gelungen, ein starkes Netzwerk aufzubauen und das Image der Bibliothek neu zu prägen.