bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Striking differences in estimates of infant adiposity by new and old DXA software, PEAPOD and skin‐folds at 2 weeks and 1 year of life
Authors: Barbour L. A. , Hernandez T. L. , Reynolds R. M. , Reece M. S. , Chartier‐Logan C. , Anderson M. K. , Kelly T. , Friedman J. E , Van Pelt R. E. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryBackgroundInfant adiposity better predicts childhood obesity/metabolic risk than weight, but technical challenges fuel controversy over the accuracy of adiposity estimates.ObjectiveWe prospectively measured adiposity (%fat) in term newborns (NB) at 2 weeks (n = 41) and 1 year (n = 30).Methods%fat was measured by dual X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA), PEAPOD and skin‐folds (SF). DXAs were analyzed using Hologic Apex software 3.2(DXAv1) and a new version 5.5.2(DXAv2).ResultsNB %fat by DXAv2 was 55% higher than DXAv1 (14.2% vs. 9.1%), 45% higher than SF (9.8%), and 36% higher than PEAPOD (10.4%). Among NB, Pearson correlations were 0.73–0.89, but agreement (intra‐class correlations) poor between DXAv2 and DXAv1 (0.527), SF (0.354) and PEAPOD (0.618). At 1 year, %fat by DXAv2 was 51% higher than DXAv1 (33.6% vs. 22.4%), and twice as high compared with SF (14.6%). Agreement was poor between DXAv2 and DXAv1 (0.204), and SF (0.038). The absolute increase in %fat from 2 weeks to 1 year was 19.7% (DXAv2), 13.6% (DXAv1) and only 4.8% by SF.ConclusionAnalysis of the same DXA scans using new software yielded considerably higher adiposity estimates at birth and 1 year compared with the previous version. Using different modalities to assess body composition longitudinally is problematic. Standardization is gravely needed to determine how early life exposures affect childhood obesity/metabolic risk.
Quality of employment in Latin America: Theory and evidence
Authors: RAMOS Joseph , SEHNBRUCH Kirsten , WELLER Jürgen 
Published: July 2015

AbstractHistorically, the development literature concerned with Latin American labour markets has focused on job numbers and productivity. But given the persistence of large shares of informal and now otherwise precarious employment, the authors argue that meaningful analysis also requires consideration of the implications of occupational status for the quality of employment. Based on empirical evidence from recent decades, they conclude that most dimensions of this concept – including social protection – depend on the conclusion of a written contract of employment. This finding leads them to outline policy options for stabilizing formal employment and securing adequate funding for social protection.
A multidimensional employment quality index for Brazil, 2002–11
Authors: HUNEEUS Federico , LANDERRETCHE Oscar , PUENTES Esteban , SELMAN Javiera 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn countries where informal, insecure jobs are widespread, traditional labour market indicators – such as the unemployment rate, labour force participation rate and wages – are not necessarily the most meaningful. The authors use a multidimensional employment quality index to analyse the Brazilian labour market over the period 2002–11, across three dimensions: earnings, formality (measured by the existence of an employment contract and social security contributions) and job tenure. The results show a significant increase in employment quality overall, especially in the years 2009–11, but with considerable differences between wage employees and self‐employed workers, and between industries.
Medical Students’ Attitudes Towards Health Care for People with Intellectual Disabilities: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Ryan Travis A. , Scior Katrina 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundPeople with intellectual disabilities experience serious health inequalities (e.g. they die younger than people without intellectual disabilities). Medical students’ attitudes towards health care for this population warrant empirical attention because, as tomorrow's doctors, they will affect the health inequalities that people with intellectual disabilities experience.Materials and MethodsThis study investigated these attitudes by interviewing 17 medical students about medical students’ attitudes towards people with intellectual disabilities and thematically analysing resultant qualitative data.ResultsKey themes were identified, such as medical students’ worries about working with patients with intellectual disabilities, and their wish for more medical teaching on, and direct experience with, this patient group.ConclusionsThis study suggests that medical schools need to better prepare medical students for their roles as providers of health care to people with intellectual disabilities by, for example, enhancing their attitudes towards health care for people with intellectual disabilities.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with thermoregulation in lactating dairy cows exposed to heat stress
Authors: Dikmen S. , Wang X.‐z. , Ortega M.S. , Cole J.B. , Null D.J. , Hansen P.J. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryDairy cows with increased rectal temperature experience lower milk yield and fertility. Rectal temperature during heat stress is heritable, so genetic selection for body temperature regulation could reduce effects of heat stress on production. One aim of the study was to validate the relationship between genotype and heat tolerance for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously associated with resistance to heat stress. A second aim was to identify new SNPs associated with heat stress resistance. Thermotolerance was assessed in lactating Holsteins during the summer by measuring rectal temperature (a direct measurement of body temperature regulation; n = 435), respiration rate (an indirect measurement of body temperature regulation, n = 450) and sweating rate (the major evaporative cooling mechanism in cattle, n = 455). The association between genotype and thermotolerance was evaluated for 19 SNPs previously associated with rectal temperature from a genomewide analysis study (GWAS), four SNPs previously associated with change in milk yield during heat stress from GWAS, 2 candidate gene SNPs previously associated with rectal temperature and respiration rate during heat stress (ATPA1A and HSP70A) and 66 SNPs in genes previously shown to be associated with reproduction, production or health traits in Holsteins. For SNPs previously associated with heat tolerance, regions of BTA4, BTA6 and BTA24 were associated with rectal temperature; regions of BTA6 and BTA24 were associated with respiration rate; and regions of BTA5, BTA26 and BTA29 were associated with sweating rate. New SNPs were identified for rectal temperature (n = 12), respiration rate (n = 8) and sweating rate (n = 3) from among those previously associated with production, reproduction or health traits. The SNP that explained the most variation were PGR and ASL for rectal temperature, ACAT2 and HSD17B7 for respiration rate, and ARL6IP1 and SERPINE2 for sweating rate. ARL6IP1 was associated with all three thermotolerance traits. In conclusion, specific genetic markers responsible for genetic variation in thermoregulation during heat stress in Holsteins were identified. These markers may prove useful in genetic selection for heat tolerance in Holstein cattle.
Use of Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring for the Screening of Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Torres Gerard , Sánchez‐de‐la‐Torre Manuel , Martínez‐Alonso Montserrat , Gómez Silvia , Sacristán Oscar , Cabau Jacint , Barbé Ferran 
Published: July 2015

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a frequent and underdiagnosed disease in hypertensive individuals who experience cardiovascular events. The aim of this study was to define the best model that combined the ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring (ABPM), anthropometric, sociodemographic, and biological variables to identify moderate to severe OSA. A total of 105 ABPM‐confirmed hypertensive patients were evaluated using their clinical histories, blood analyses, ABPM, and home respiratory polygraphic results. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the significant variables. The best model included sex, presence of obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 and abdominal obesity), mean daytime BP, mean nocturnal heart rate, and minimal diastolic nighttime BP to achieve an area under the curve of 0.804. Based on this model, a validated scoring system was developed to identify the patients with an apnea‐hypopnea index ≥15. Therefore, in untreated hypertensive patients who snored, ABPM variables might be used to identify patients at risk for OSA.
Outcome of adefovir add‐on lamivudine rescue therapy of up to 5 years in patients with lamivudine‐resistant chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Kim Sung Bae , Kim Seung Up , Kim Beom Kyung , Park Jun Yong , Kim Do Young , Ahn Sang Hoon , Han Kwang‐Hyub 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackground and Aim:We investigated the long‐term efficacy of adefovir add‐on lamivudine rescue therapy in lamivudine‐resistant chronic hepatitis B and the optimal cutoff hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA level that predicts complete virological response (CVR) among patients without CVR after 1 year of treatment.Methods:We reviewed 167 lamivudine‐resistant chronic hepatitis B patients who received adefovir add‐on rescue therapy for up to 5 years. Multivariate analysis, area under the receiver operating characteristic curves, and Youden index were used.Results:Median age was 47.0 years; 112 patients were male. Median baseline HBV DNA level was 6.6 log10 IU/mL; hepatitis B e antigen was positive in 130 (77.4%) patients. Five‐year CVR, alanine aminotransferase normalization, hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion, and adefovir resistance rates were 86.9%, 92.5%, 16.7%, and 6.0%, respectively. One‐year HBV DNA level independently associated with CVR. Optimal cutoff HBV DNA level to predict CVR among patients who failed to achieve CVR at 1 year was 800 IU/mL (area under receiver operating characteristic curve 0.752; sensitivity 49.3%, specificity 93.5%). During the 5‐year treatment, 92.1% of patients with favorable response (HBV DNA < 800 IU/mL at 1 year) achieved CVR; 45.6% achieved CVR among suboptimal responders (HBV DNA ≥ 800 IU/mL at 1 year) (P < 0.001).Conclusion:Complete virological response or HBV DNA level < 800 IU/mL after 1 year adefovir add‐on lamivudine rescue therapy can favorably predict CVR.
Naso‐jejunal fluid resuscitation in predicted severe acute pancreatitis: Randomized comparative study with intravenous Ringer's lactate
Authors: Sharma Vishal , Rana Surinder S , Sharma Ravi , Chaudhary Vinita , Gupta Rajesh , Bhasin Deepak K 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIntroduction:Early management of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) includes intravenous fluid resuscitation.Aim:To confirm feasibility of naso‐jejunal (NJ) fluid resuscitation using oral hydration solution (ORS) and compare its efficacy with intravenous (IV) fluid resuscitation using Ringer Lactate (RL) in predicted SAP.Patients and Methods:All patients of predicted SAP (presence of SIRS or BISAP > 2) without significant co morbidities were randomized to NJ group (ORS: 20 ml/kg bolus and then 3 mL/kg/h) or IV group (RL infusion at same rate). The groups were compared vis‐à‐vis persistent organ failure (POF), pancreatic necrosis, and mortality.Results:Seventy‐seven patients were assessed and after exclusion, 49 patients were randomized to either NJ (24 patients) or IV group (25). The demographic and baseline clinical profile of both groups including BISAP score (2.25 ± 0.73 and 2.32 ± 0.56), hematocrit (40.2 ± 6.8 and 38.3 ± 6.6), blood urea nitrogen (16.88 ± 6.69 and 21.44 ± 17.56 mg/dL), and intra‐abdominal pressure (14.55 ± 4.8 and 14.76 ± 5.5 cm of water) were similar. NJ resuscitation had to be stopped in two patients because of abdominal discomfort and distension. The change in intra abdominal pressure after 48 h of hydration was comparable in both groups. The occurrence of POF (66.67% and 68%), pancreatic necrosis (69.5% and 76%), intervention (5 each), surgery (1 each), and mortality (16.5% and 8%) were comparable (P > 0.05).Conclusion:In select group of patients with SAP, NJ fluid resuscitation with ORS is feasible and is equally efficacious as IV fluid resuscitation with RL.
Features of electrocoagulation syndrome after endoscopic submucosal dissection for colorectal neoplasm
Authors: Yamashina Takeshi , Takeuchi Yoji , Uedo Noriya , Hamada Kenta , Aoi Kenji , Yamasaki Yasushi , Matsuura Noriko , Kanesaka Takashi , Akasaka Tomofumi , Yamamoto Sachiko , Hanaoka Noboru , Higashino Koji , Ishihara Ryu , Iishi Hiroyasu 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackground and AimsEndoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a promising treatment for large gastrointestinal superficial neoplasms, although it is technically difficult, and perforation and delayed bleeding are well‐known adverse events. However, there have been no large studies about electrocoagulation syndrome after colorectal ESD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and clinical significant risk factors of post‐ESD coagulation syndrome (PECS).MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study conducted in a referral cancer center. A total of 336 patients with colorectal neoplasms (143 adenomas or serrated lesions and 193 carcinomas) underwent ESD from January 2011 to June 2013. Incidence, outcome, and factors associated with occurrence of PECS were investigated.ResultsOccurred in 32 patients (9.5%). The median time until PECS was 15.5 h, and the median period of PECS was 32.5 h. Fever (≥37.6 °C) after ESD was found in 41% of the PECS group and 9% of the non‐PECS group (P < 0.001). All PECS cases were managed conservatively. On multivariate analysis, female patients (odds ratio [OR] = 3.2, P = 0.002), lesion location at ascending colon and cecum (OR = 3.5, P = 0.001), and resected specimen ≥40 mm (OR = 2.1, P = 0.05) were independent risk factors for PECS.ConclusionsOccurred in 32 patients (9.5%) with colorectal ESD; however, all cases had a good outcome with conservative management. Female sex, tumor location at the ascending colon and cecum, and resected specimen ≥40 mm were independently significant risk factors for PECS.
Relationship Between Physical Frailty and Low‐Grade Inflammation in Late‐Life Depression
Authors: Arts Matheus H.L. , Collard Rose M. , Comijs Hannie C. , Naudé Petrus J.W. , Risselada Roelof , Naarding Paul , Oude Voshaar Richard C. 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesTo determine whether physical frailty is associated with low‐grade inflammation in older adults with depression, because late‐life depression is associated with physical frailty and low‐grade inflammation.DesignBaseline data of a cohort study.SettingPrimary care and specialized mental health care.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 60 and older with depression according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, criteria (N = 366).MeasurementsThe physical frailty phenotype, defined as three out of five criteria (weight loss, weakness, exhaustion, slowness, low physical activity level), and three inflammatory markers (C‐reactive protein (CRP), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin (NGAL)) were assessed.ResultsThe physical frailty phenotype was not associated with inflammatory markers in linear regression models adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle characteristics, and somatic morbidity. Of the individual criteria, handgrip strength was associated with CRP (β = −0.21, P = .002) and IL‐6 (β = −0.25, P < .001), and gait speed was associated with NGAL (β = 0.15, P = .02). Principal component analysis identified two dimensions within the physical frailty phenotype: performance‐based physical frailty (encompassing gait speed, handgrip strength, and low physical activity) and vitality‐based physical frailty (encompassing weight loss and exhaustion). Only performance‐based physical frailty was associated with higher levels of inflammatory markers (CRP: β = 0.14, P = .03; IL‐6: β = 0.13, P = .06; NGAL: β = 0.14, P = .03).ConclusionThe physical frailty phenotype is not a unidimensional construct in individuals with depression. Only performance‐based physical frailty is associated with low‐grade inflammation in late‐life depression, which might point to a specific depressive subtype.
Lower Extremity Proximal Muscle Function and Dyspnea in Older Persons
Authors: Vaz Fragoso Carlos A. , Araujo Katy , Leo‐Summers Linda , Van Ness Peter H. 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesTo evaluate the association between performance on a single chair stand and moderate to severe exertional dyspnea.DesignCross‐sectional.SettingCardiovascular Health Study.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling individuals aged 65 and older (N = 4,413; mean age 72.6; female, n = 2,518 (57.1%); nonwhite, n = 199 (4.5%); obese, n = 788 (17.9%); history of smoking, n = 2,410 (54.6%)).MeasurementsPerformance on single chair stand (poor (unable to rise without arm use) vs normal (able to rise without arm use)), moderate to severe exertional dyspnea (American Thoracic Society grade ≥2), age, sex, ethnicity, obesity, smoking, frailty status (Fried‐defined nonfrail, prefrail, frail), high cardiopulmonary risk (composite of cardiopulmonary diseases and diabetes mellitus), spirometric impairment, arthritis, depression, stroke, and kidney disease.ResultsPoor performance on the single chair stand was established in 369 (8.4%) and moderate to severe exertional dyspnea in 773 (17.5%). Prefrail status was established in 2,210 (50.1%), frail status in 360 (8.2%), arthritis in 2,241 (51.4%), high cardiopulmonary risk in 2,469 (55.9%), spirometric impairment in 1,076 (24.4%), kidney disease in 111 (2.5%), depression in 107 (2.4%), and stroke in 93 (2.1%). In multivariable regression models, poor performance on the single chair stand was associated with moderate to severe exertional dyspnea (unadjusted odds ratio (OR) = 3.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.78–4.36; adjusted OR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.41–2.41).ConclusionPoor performance on a single chair stand was associated with an adjusted 85% greater likelihood of moderate to severe exertional dyspnea than normal performance. These results suggest that reduced proximal muscle function of the lower extremities is associated with moderate to severe exertional dyspnea, even after adjusting for multiple confounders.
Physical Activity and Amyloid‐β Brain Levels in Elderly Adults with Intact Cognition and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: de Souto Barreto Philipe , Andrieu Sandrine , Payoux Pierre , Demougeot Laurent , Rolland Yves , Vellas Bruno ,   the Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial/Data Sharing Alzheimer Study Group
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesTo examine the associations between amyloid‐β brain deposition and physical activity (PA) in elderly adults without dementia and to investigate whether the association has a dose‐response relationship.DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingFrench community‐dwelling people.ParticipantsElderly adults with normal or mildly impaired cognition (mean age 74.7 ± 4.2; 60.4% female) with available information on current self‐reported PA and amyloid‐β brain deposition measured using positron emission tomography (PET) using the PET‐ligand florbetapir F 18 (n = 268).MeasurementsA standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) was obtained for each subject. Participants were divided according to amyloid plaque cortical retention defined according to a SUVR cutoff of 1.10 (SUVR+ vs SUVR−).ResultsBivariate and multivariate analyses showed that PA was not significantly associated with SUVR. SUVR+ and SUVR− participants did not differ in terms of volume (continuous PA variables) and levels (categorical PA variables) of PA. PA was not correlated with SUVR in apolipoprotein E ε4 carriers or noncarriers. PA was not associated with cognitive function.ConclusionAlthough PA protects against dementia, there is no solid evidence that this protection involves a reduction in amyloid‐β brain deposition. Further studies are needed to determine whether PA (ideally measured at several time‐points using objective measures) is involved in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease.
Pain in Community‐Dwelling Older Adults with Dementia: Results from the National Health and Aging Trends Study
Authors: Hunt Lauren J. , Covinsky Kenneth E. , Yaffe Kristine , Stephens Caroline E. , Miao Yinghui , Boscardin W. John , Smith Alex K. 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesTo report prevalence, correlates, and medication management of pain in community‐dwelling older adults with dementia.DesignCross‐sectional.SettingIn‐person interviews with self‐ or proxy respondents living in private residences or non‐nursing home residential care settings.ParticipantsNationally representative sample of community‐dwelling Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 and older enrolled in the National Health and Aging Trends Study 2011 wave.MeasurementsDementia status was determined using a modified previously validated algorithm. Participants were asked whether they had had bothersome and activity‐limiting pain over the past month. A multivariable Poisson regression model was used to determine the relationship between bothersome pain and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.ResultsOf the 7,609 participants with complete data on cognitive function, 802 had dementia (67.2% aged ≥80, 65.0% female, 67.9% white, 49.7% proxy response, 32.0% lived alone, 18.8% lived in residential care); 670 (63.5%) participants with dementia experienced bothersome pain, and 347 (43.3%) had pain that limited activities. These rates were significantly higher than in a propensity score–matched cohort without dementia (54.5% bothersome pain, P < .001, 27.2% pain that limited activity, P < .001). Proxies reported slightly higher rates of pain than self‐respondents, but differences were statistically significant only for activity‐limiting pain (46.6% proxy vs 40.1% self, P = .03). Correlates of bothersome pain included arthritis, heart and lung disease, less than high school education, activity of daily living disability, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and low energy. Of those reporting pain, 30.3% stated that they rarely or never took any medications for pain.ConclusionCommunity‐living older adults with dementia are at high risk of having pain. Creative interventions and programs are needed to manage pain adequately in this vulnerable population.
Use of Medications with Anticholinergic Activity and Self‐Reported Injurious Falls in Older Community‐Dwelling Adults
Authors: Richardson Kathryn , Bennett Kathleen , Maidment Ian D. , Fox Chris , Smithard David , Kenny Rose Anne 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesTo assess the association between the use of medications with anticholinergic activity and the subsequent risk of injurious falls in older adults.DesignProspective, population‐based study using data from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing.SettingIrish population.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling men and women without dementia aged 65 and older (N = 2,696).MeasurementsSelf‐reported injurious falls reported once approximately 2 years after baseline interview. Self‐reported regular medication use at baseline interview. Pharmacy dispensing records from the Irish Health Service Executive Primary Care Reimbursement Service in a subset (n = 1,553).ResultsNine percent of men and 17% of women reported injurious falls. In men, the use of medications with definite anticholinergic activity was associated with greater risk of subsequent injurious falls (adjusted relative risk (aRR) = 2.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.33–4.88), but the risk of having any fall and the number of falls reported were not significantly greater. Greater anticholinergic burden was associated with greater injurious falls risk. No associations were observed for women. Findings were similar using pharmacy dispensing records. The aRR for medications with definite anticholinergic activity dispensed in the month before baseline and subsequent injurious falls in men was 2.53 (95% CI = 1.15–5.54).ConclusionThe regular use of medications with anticholinergic activity is associated with subsequent injurious falls in older men, although falls were self‐reported after a 2‐year recall and so may have been underreported. Further research is required to validate this finding in men and to consider the effect of duration and dose of anticholinergic medications.