bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of temperature and light on seed germination of Erysimum naxense and Erysimum krendlii
Authors: Gkika Paraskevi , Krigas Nikos , Menexes George , Eleftherohorinos Ilias , Maloupa Eleni 
Published: August 2013

AbstractSeed germination of two local Greek endemics was studied (Erysimum naxense, Erysimum krendlii). Seed viability was determined by using the tetrazolium method and germination was studied in synchronized cycles of five and four alternating temperatures [10/5 (for E. naxense only) and 15/10, 20/15, 25/20, and 30/25°C for both species, in cycles of 16 h day/8 h night], and in five light regimes (red, blue, green, white, and dark). Germination of E. naxense and E. krendlii seeds was determined daily for six and five weeks, respectively, with the data analyzed as viability adjusted accumulative seed germination at the end of each week. E. naxense’s seed viability was higher (90%) than that of E. krendlii (64%); seed germination (%) of both increased at low alternating temperatures (10/5°C, 15/10°C, 20/15°C). Germination of E. naxense seeds at low temperatures was light-independent, whereas at high temperatures it was increased with red light. Germination of E. krendlii seeds was inconsistently affected by light at the temperatures studied. Percentages of seed germination of both species were higher in experimental conditions similar to the ones of their natural habitats during autumn and/or spring (facilitated with Geographic Information Systems). These conclusions provide guidelines for species-specific propagation protocols and ex situ conservation.
Structural and optical properties of europium-doped zinc oxide nanopowders prepared by mechanochemical and combustion reaction methods
Authors: Ivetić T.B. , Dimitrievska M.R. , Gúth I.O. , Đačanin Lj.R. , Lukić-Petrović S.R. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles doped with europium were obtained by high energy ball milling followed by heat treatment and combustion reaction synthesis method starting from its microcrystalline powders. The influence of the preparation method approach and europium doping on the structural and optical properties of ZnO powders was investigated by X-ray diffraction, Raman and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy
Quantifying the predictability of the timing of jökulhlaups from Merzbacher Lake, Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Kingslake Jonathan , NG Felix 
Published: August 2013

AbstractGlacier-dammed lakes can yield subglacial outburst floods (jökulhlaups) repeatedly. Predicting flood timing is crucial for hazard mitigation, but incomplete understanding of flood-initiation physics makes this challenging. Here we examine the predictability of the timing of jökulhlaups from Merzbacher Lake, Kyrgyzstan, using five flood-date prediction models of varying complexity. The simplest model, which offers a benchmark against which the other models are compared, assumes that floods occur on the same date each year. The other four models predict flood dates using a flood-initiation threshold approach and incorporate weather forcing (approximated by the output of two climate reanalyses) behind the meltwater input to the lake; the most complex of these models accounts for a moving subglacial water divide beneath the glacier that dams the lake. Each model is optimized against recorded flood dates to maximize its prediction ability. In terms of their flood prediction ability, our two best models are those that assume a variable outburst threshold governed by the rate of meltwater input to the lake and the rate of lake-level rise. They excel over the simplest and most complex models and correctly predict flood dates to within ±20 days 57.4% of the time. We also quantify the impact of weather uncertainty on prediction success. Our findings can inform practical flood-forecasting schemes and future investigations of flood-initiation physics.
Mass-balance model parameter transferability on a tropical glacier
Authors: Gurgiser Wolfgang , Mölg Thomas , Nicholson Lindsey , Kaser Georg 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe explore the small-scale spatial and temporal transferability of model parameters between two points in the ablation zone of tropical Glaciar Shallap, Cordillera Blanca, Peru (9°S, −77° W; ∼4800 m a.s.l.) in order to provide a robust assessment of the performance of a process-based glacier mass-balance model. Relative surface height change is calculated at hourly time-steps, and cumulative values are compared to surface height measurements made at irregular intervals (14–64 days) over the course of two continuous hydrological years (August 2006–August 2008). Best-performing parameter combinations were determined for each point from the outcome of 1000 model simulations for which parameters were varied randomly within a defined range. With these parameter combinations measurements for a specific location and time-span are well reproduced. Transferring the parameter combination as optimized for one location to the other location in the ablation zone increases the errors of modeled cumulative mass balance by 5–1326 mm ice eq.a−1. Transferring the parameter combinations as optimized for one year to the other year increases the modeled errors in cumulative mass balance by 18–3179 mm ice eq.a−1. Model errors generally increase during periods with frequent snowfall and snow cover. This could reflect either the inherent difficulty of modeling complex snow processes, or the inability of the model to correctly capture the pattern of albedo evolution at this site. The magnitude of errors associated with parameter transfer in space and time highlights the need for improving model performance for robust climatological and/or hydrological analyses on tropical glaciers.
Souffrances familiales en thérapie familiale psychanalytique
Authors: Joubert Christiane , Grange-Ségéral Évelyne 
Published: August 2013

Nous exposons, à partir des travaux de R. Kaës et d’une thérapie familiale psychanalytique, comment les pactes dénégatifs sont à l’œuvre dans la famille. Cette clinique montre une modalité de lien de type « clanique », qui engendre l’atemporalité et l’inceste, sur un fond incestuel. L’inceste survient, dans la famille, quand le pacte fraternel et le contrat avec le Père ne jouent pas leur rôle d’alliances inconscientes structurantes, selon les travaux de R. Kaës (2008, 2009). Mais les modalités de liens, au sein de la famille, s’élaborent, se transforment au cours du processus thérapeutique, dans la dynamique transféro-contretransférentielle et intertransférentielle, faisant, de la transmission psychique inconsciente, une mythopoïèse groupale, riche et souple et rétablissant la temporalité.
L'industrie européenne de défense : changements institutionnels et stratégies de coopétition des firmes
Authors: Dupuy Romuald 
Published: August 2013

Durant les années 1990, l’industrie de défense américaine s’est fortement restructurée avec une forte concentration des firmes. L’État américain a organisé le marché de la défense de manière à développer les stratégies de coopétition entre les firmes. En Europe, le phénomène de restructuration a été engagé et se poursuit. Nous montrons ici que si ce phénomène de coopétition s’observe aussi entre les firmes européennes, il nécessite des changements institutionnels. Les États transfèrent de plus en plus de compétences techniques et technologiques vers les firmes et ouvrent leurs marchés publics nationaux. Ces changements sont à la fois le fait des États mais aussi des transformations induites au niveau européen. Codes JEL : F23, L20, L64, O32
Dépenses militaires dans les pays émergents : entre aubaine et menace
Authors: Rouppert Bérangère , Mampaey Luc 
Published: August 2013

Depuis une dizaine d’années, de nombreux observateurs s’inquiètent de la croissance soutenue des dépenses militaires engagées par les six économies émergentes qui constituent les « BRIICS » (Brésil, Russie, Inde, Indonésie, Chine et Afrique du Sud). Parallèlement, ces pays ne dissimulent pas leur volonté de développer leur propre base industrielle et technologique de défense (BITD) afin de réduire leur dépendance vis-à-vis de l’étranger pour leurs acquisitions d’armement et de technologie militaire. Cette relance militaire est-elle l’annonce d’une nouvelle course aux armements et une menace pour l’Europe ? Ou faut-il plutôt y voir une aubaine, en termes de nouveaux marchés et de partenariats, pour l’industrie d’armement du Vieux Continent en proie aux contractions budgétaires imposées par la crise économique et financière ? Cet article établit un état des lieux de la militarisation des BRIICS et en examine les raisons, qui sont plurielles. Sans avoir nécessairement d’intentions bellicistes à l’égard de la communauté internationale, ce réarmement pose néanmoins des questions préoccupantes en termes de stabilité régionale. Codes JEL : F52, H56, O57
Le paradoxe schumpétérien ou l'absence de « Schumpeter Mark II »
Authors: Munier Francis 
Published: August 2013

Le paradoxe schumpétérien est une interprétation des néo-schumpétériens qui considèrent que la pensée de J.-A. Schumpeter se singularise par une contradiction sur la question de la relation entre la taille des entreprises et leurs capacités novatrices. Nous rejetons cette interprétation en montrant que l’œuvre revêt une véritable unité théorique. Seul un « glissement » de point de vue apparaît sur le plan méthodologique, mais là aussi des nuances doivent être apportées au regard des assertions néo-schumpétériennes. Codes JEL : B10
Modélisation non paramétrique de la relation entre les séries : la cointégration qualitative
Authors: Boya Christophe , Monino Jean-Louis 
Published: August 2013

Dans ce papier nous proposons d’appréhender le comportement de deux séries chronologiques avec une approche basée sur ses propriétés qualitatives. Nous mettons entre parenthèses le problème de l’intégration ou stationnarité, sources de difficultés quantitatives de plus en plus complexes, et nous nous intéressons au seul aspect qualitatif de court terme que sont les « variations qualitatives » d’une série chronologique. Ces variations ne sont pas modélisées en tant que valeurs quantitatives mais en tant qu’« état qualitatif ». En d’autres termes nous nous intéressons à deux événements complémentaires qui sont « la montée » et « la descente ». Ce choix binaire nous a amenés à considérer la série chronologique comme un modèle à réponse binaire. Nous utilisons les chaînes de Markov pour représenter la nouvelle série et obtenir un coefficient de décision. Le problème de la non-connaissance des lois sous-jacentes d’un phénomène nous impose le plus souvent de proposer des hypothèses plus ou moins contraignantes pour la construction des tests statistiques. Le rééchantillonnage nous permet d’aborder les tests sous un autre angle, souvent empirique. Le « Bootstrap », la recherche des percentiles de la série, permet de définir un intervalle de confiance de notre coefficient et de proposer un intervalle statistique et une règle de décision plus proche de l’observation. Ce dernier permet de conclure sur l’existence d’une relation entre les deux séries comme le fait la cointégration. Codes JEL : C01, C53, C14
Does Design Contribute to Ease of Use: An Exploratory Study of Web Facets in The Result Pages of Two Search Engines
Authors: Milonas Elizabeth 
Published: August 2013

An exploratory study was conduced to examine the design aspects of Web facets found in the search result pages of two search engines: Exalead and Excite. The goal of the study was to determine if Web facet design could contribute to perceived ease of use. This study builds upon findings from an earlier study (Milonas, 2010) in which the results indicated that users perceived the Web facets evident in the search result pages of the Exalead search engine easier to use than those found in Excite. The researcher surmised that the design of these Web facets might have contributed to the difference in perceived ease of use. The relationship between design and user perception in determining the ease of use of Web facets within these two search engines is explored. In the first component of the study, an expert inspection of the various design aspects of the search result pages of Exalead and Excite was conducted. In the second part of the study, five participants conducted an experiment using the Web facets found in the search result pages of the two search engines. Findings of both the expert inspection and the usability evaluation showed that there does not seem to be a significant difference in the design of Web facets within the two search engines. The findings seem to indicate that design of Web facets is not a contributory factor in terms of Web facet ease of use.
Remediation of DDTs‐Contaminated Sediments through Retrievable Activated Carbon Fiber Felt
Authors: Jia Lingyun , Xu Li , Gao Bo , Gao Huipeng 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAddition of adsorbent to the sediments has become an effective way for in situ treatment of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) contaminated sediments in recent years. However, once the adsorbents are added to the sediments, they are difficult to be retrieved, and potential risks of POPs are still existed. In this study, we proposed a new method that used activated carbon fiber felt (ACFF) to remediate POPs‐contaminated sediments with the advantage of retrievability. As an example of POPs remediation, three sediments were spiked with p,p′‐dichlordiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDT), o,p′‐DDT, p,p′‐dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, and p,p′‐dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane, and were allowed to age for 7, 28, or 100 days before viscose‐based ACFF was added to the spiked aqueous slurry in batch experiments. The effects of ACFF on DDTs removal efficiency in these sediments were examined. It was found that ACFF could efficiently remove DDTs released from the sediments. The DDTs removal efficiency of ACFF was influenced by the initial spiking concentrations, hydrophobicity of DDTs, aging times of the contaminated sediments, and organic carbon contents of the sediments. Moreover, the removal efficiency of ACFF was enhanced by increasing the amount of ACFF, as well as by sequential replacement of ACFF. The use of retrievable ACFF could potentially be an effective method for in situ remediation of sediments contaminated with POPs.
Low cost measurement system for broadcast power amplifiers
Authors: Silveira Daniel Discini , de Souza Lima José , Silveira Maurício 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYFor the fast prototyping, production, and delivery of commercial radio frequency products/systems, accurate and reliable test systems are necessary. These systems are usually product customized and thus expensive solutions, capable of performing all necessary measurements for a specific product. The purpose of this paper is to present a flexible cost‐effective test solution, capable of realizing all necessary measurement on a high output power amplifier system greater than 500 W, and to generate essential reports. These reports allow the system operator to (i) perform an analysis and a statistical comparison among various products, assuring that the quality is the same for all products; and (ii) retain products that present a performance poorer than other similar products, without a rigorous technical analysis, thus increasing efficiency in factory assembly line. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ruthenium Sensitizers with 2,2′‐Bipyrimidine or a 5,5′‐Disubstituted 2,2′‐Bipyrimidine Ligand: Synthesis, Photo‐ and Electrochemical Properties, and Application to Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Ozawa Hironobu , Kawaguchi Hiroki , Okuyama Yu , Arakawa Hironori 
Published: August 2013

AbstractNovel ruthenium sensitizers with 2,2′‐bipyrimidine (TUS‐26) or a 2,2′‐bipyrimidine derivative bearing two 5‐hexyl‐2,2′‐bithiophene units at the 5,5′‐positions (TUS‐27) have been synthesized for application in dye‐sensitized solar cells. TUS‐27 shows a strong absorption at around 460 nm, mainly attributed to a π–π* transition in the 5,5′‐disubstituted 2,2′‐bipyrimidine ligand, and an onset wavelength of the absorption spectrum that is redshifted by about 50 nm relative to those of structurally analogous sensitizers (cis‐[Ru(dcbpy)(bpy)(NCS)2] and N719). The energy level of the LUMO of TUS‐27 is relatively close to that of the conduction band of TiO2. Dye‐sensitized solar cells containing TUS‐26 and TUS‐27 showed much poorer performances than those containing cis‐[Ru(dcbpy)(bpy)(NCS)2] and N719, even though an electrolyte containing no 4‐tert‐butylpyridine was used to adjust the energy of the conduction band of TiO2. The results of DFT calculations indicated that both unfavorable populations of LUMO and LUMO+1, and the lower energy level of LUMO+1, contribute to the much poorer solar cell performances of the TUS sensitizers. In addition, photovoltaic measurements also suggested that enhancement of backward electron transfer from the conduction band of TiO2 to the one‐electron‐oxidized form of the dye or to I3– in the electrolyte is another reason for the inferior performances of the TUS sensitizers.
In situ experiment on retrofit of school buildings by adding sandwich columns to partition brick walls
Authors: Chung Lap‐Loi , Yang Yao‐Sheng , Lien Kuan‐Hua , Wu Lai‐Yun 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYMany significantly strong earthquakes have occurred over the years in Taiwan, which have caused tremendous damage to primary and middle school buildings; the 921 Chi‐Chi earthquake was particularly devastating. According to statistics, 786 schools (1,958 classrooms) were damaged on September 21, 1999 during this earthquake event. The devastation showed that a lack of seismic performance is a common problem for existing school buildings in Taiwan. Therefore, the retrofit of existing school buildings has become an urgent issue in the prevention of possible damage in the future. The retrofit technique of adding sandwich columns to partition brick walls is proposed in this paper, and the feasibility of the proposed method was verified by in situ pushover tests of two real school buildings, one without and one with retrofit. The experimental and analytical results show that the sandwich column itself contributes significantly to the seismic capacity of the examined school building. Moreover, the analytical results yielded conservative capacity curves when compared with the experimental results. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A realisation of broadcast cognitive pilot channels piggybacked on T‐DMB
Authors: Ji Zhanlin , Ganchev Ivan , O'Droma Máirtín , Zhang Xuejing 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper considers the realisation of a broadcast out‐of‐band cognitive pilot channels (CPC) piggybacked on a Terrestrial Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (T‐DMB) platform. The solution satisfies the requirements of coverage‐based CPC schemes. The main goal of these is the enabling of the information transfer to mobile terminals of available knowledge of the wireless network environment, including available radio access networks, frequency bands, network policies and such like information. The proposed CPC solution is first contextualised within the range of CPC concepts, which have been and are being researched. Then, a three‐layer ‘CPC over T‐DMB’ system architectural design is set out. A prototype of the scheme is realised and implemented on a testbed, the design of which is outlined, and through which the key technological concepts are validated and their technical performance evaluated. The results of these system evaluations are presented and discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Paleogene of the Huanghekou Sag in the Bohai Bay Basin, NE China: deposition–erosion response to a slope break system of rift lacustrine basins
Authors: Liu Hao , Xia Qinglong , Somerville Ian D. , Wang Yuan , Zhou Xinhuai , Niu Chengmin , Du Xiaofeng , Zhang Xintao 
Published: August 2013

The sequence architecture and depositional systems of the Paleogene lacustrine rift succession in the Huanghekou Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, NE China were investigated based on seismic profiles, combined with well log and core data. Four second‐order or composite sequences and seven third‐order sequences were identified. The depositional systems identified in the basin include: fan delta, braid delta, meander fluvial delta, lacustrine and sublacustrine fan. Identification of the slope break was conducted combining the interpretation of faults of each sequence and the identification of syndepositional faults, based on the subdivision of sequence stratigraphy and analysis of depositional systems. Multiple geomorphologic units were recognized in the Paleogene of the Huanghekou Sag including faults, flexures, depositional slope break belts, ditch‐valleys and sub‐uplifts in the central sag. Using genetic division principles and taking into consideration tectonic features of the Paleogene of the Huanghekou Sag, the study area was divided into the Northern Steep Slope/Fault Slope Break System, the Southern Gentle Slope Break System and T10 Tectonic Slope Break System/T10 Tectonic Belt.Responses of slope break systems to deposition–erosion are shown as: (1) basin marginal slope break is the boundary of the eroded area and provenance area; (2) ditch‐valley formed by different kinds of slope break belts is a good transport bypass for source materials; (3) shape of the slope break belt of the slope break system controls sediments types; (4) the ditch‐valley and sub‐sag of a slope break system is an unloading area for sediments; and (5) due to their different origins, association characteristics and developing patterns, the Paleogene slope break belt systems in the Huanghekou Sag show different controls on depositional systems. The Northern Fault Slope Break system controls the deposition of a fan delta‐lacustrine‐subaqueous fan, the Southern Gentle Slope Break system controls the deposition of a fluvial–deltaic–shallow lacustrine and sublacustrine fan, and the T10 Tectonic Slope Break System controls the deposition of shallow lacustrine beach bar sandbodies. The existence of a slope break system is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for studying sandbody development. The formation of effective sandbodies along the slope break depends on the reasonable coupling of effective provenance, necessary association patterns of slope break belt, adequate unloading space and creation of definite accommodation space. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
THE COST‐EFFECTIVENESS OF USING FINANCIAL INCENTIVES TO IMPROVE PROVIDER QUALITY: A FRAMEWORK AND APPLICATION
Authors: Meacock Rachel , Kristensen Søren Rud , Sutton Matt 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTDespite growing adoption of pay‐for‐performance (P4P) programmes in health care, there is remarkably little evidence on the cost‐effectiveness of such schemes. We review the limited number of previous studies and critique the frameworks adopted and the narrow range of costs and outcomes considered, before proposing a new more comprehensive framework, which we apply to the first P4P scheme introduced for hospitals in England. We emphasise that evaluations of cost‐effectiveness need to consider who the residual claimant is on any cost savings, the possibility of positive and negative spillovers, and whether performance improvement is a transitory or investment activity. Our application to theAdvancing Qualityinitiative demonstrates that the incentive payments represented less than half of the £13m total programme costs. By generating approximately 5200 quality‐adjusted life years and £4.4m of savings in reduced length of stay, we find that the programme was a cost‐effective use of resources in its first 18 months. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.