bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compressing continuous variable quantum measurements
Authors: Jokinen Pauli , Egelhaaf Sophie , Pellonpää Juha-Pekka , Uola Roope 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We generalize the notion of joint measurability to continuous variable systems by extending a recently introduced compression algorithm of quantum measurements to this realm. The extension results in a property that asks for the minimal dimensional quantum system required for representing a given set of quantum measurements. To illustrate the concept, we show that the canonical pair of position and momentum is completely incompressible. We translate the concept of measurement compression to the realm of quantum correlations, where it results in a generalization of continuous variable quantum steering. In contrast to the steering scenario, which detects entanglement, the generalization detects the dimensionality of entanglement. We illustrate the bridge between the concepts by showing that an analogue of the original EPR argument is genuinely infinite-dimensional with respect to our figure of merit, and that a fundamental discrete variable result on preparability of unsteerable state assemblages with separable states does not directly carry over to the continuous variable setting. We further prove a representation result for partially entanglement breaking channels that can be of independent interest.
Development and Evaluation of a Web-Based Family-Centered Decision Support Tool About Firearm Storage
Authors: Kroshus-Havril Emily , Kesner Todd , Steiner Mary Kathleen , Senturia Kirsten , Rivara Frederick P 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Many youth in the USA have access to a loaded and unlocked firearm in their home. Discussions between adult family members have the potential to positively influence firearm storage.

Purpose
Work with firearm-owning parents to develop and obtain preliminary data about the efficacy of a family-centered decision support tool about firearm storage.

Methods
We adapted the Ottawa Personal Decision Guide for Two to the issue of firearm storage, producing the Family Safety Check-In. Subsequently, we evaluated its acceptability and impact on intentions to make a plan with their partner (or other adult sharing parental duties) about safer firearm storage. Participants were parents/guardians of at least one school-aged child, had firearms in their home, and resided in the USA (n = 402). They completed a web-based pre-test survey, were randomized to the Family Safety Check-In or an American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) informational resource about firearm storage for families, and then completed a post-test survey.

Results
The Family Safety Check-In had higher ratings for acceptability (B = 1.24, 95% CI = 0.58–1.90) and appropriateness (B = 1.46, 95% CI = 0.72–2.19) than the AAP resource. Participants in the Family Safety Check-In condition also had greater intentions to make a plan with their partner about storing firearms more safely (OR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.26–2.87).

Conclusions
The Family Safety Check-In is a promising direction for harm reduction that warrants further evaluation.
Sentimental perceptualism and affective imagination
Authors: Tooming Uku 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
According to sentimental perceptualism, affect grounds evaluative or normative knowledge in a similar way to the way perception grounds much of descriptive knowledge. In this paper, we present a novel challenge to sentimental perceptualism. At the centre of the challenge is the assumption that if affect is to ground knowledge in the same way as perception does, it should have a function to accurately represent evaluative properties, and if it has that function, it should also have it in its future-directed imaginative use. As the data on affective forecasting errors indicates, however, the affect system does not have that function. As a result, it is doubtful if affect can do the kind of knowledge-grounding work that sentimental perceptualism assumes it does.
Christopher Tye and the Tye family of Colchester in the 16th century
Authors: Smart Jason 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Musical reference works contain very little information about the relatives of the composer Christopher Tye. Ever since the 19th century we have known that his wife’s name was Katherine and that he had children named Peter, Susan, Mary and Ellen, the last of whom married the composer Robert White. The existence of a fourth daughter is also implied. For over one hundred years that is where our knowledge rested, but the recent discovery of the will of Tye’s mother has added further information. It reveals that Tye had a brother and a sister and that the three siblings had between them at least eleven children, who are also named. Tye’s mother died in Colchester, Essex, where the family had been living for many years previously. The early history of this Tye family is obscure, but such information as is recoverable raises the possibility that the composer was born in the town. The present article discusses this evidence and reassesses the composer’s relationship with the Chapel Royal.
Information and Iron: The Role of Espionage in the Foundation of the German Empire, 1866–1871
Authors: Stone James 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The activities of Germany’s secret service in the Bismarck era have received little attention in the historical literature. This neglect is partly attributable to the destruction of most of the original documentation during the Second World War. Newly discovered archival material allows the veil finally to be lifted on covert operations conducted by Prussia’s two spy agencies between 1866 and 1871. Analysis of this material reveals that intelligence gathered through espionage played a significant role in the unification of Germany by providing Prussian leaders with high-quality information about adversaries and potential adversaries, enabling them to make well-informed decisions and to accurately calculate risks.
Navigating Religious Refusal to Nursing Home Care for LGBTQ+ Residents: Comparisons Between Floor Staff and Managers
Authors: Perone Angela K 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Religious exemptions (exceptions to nondiscrimination laws for individual religious/moral beliefs) in health care have surged, negatively affecting LGBTQ+ older adults in nursing homes with some of the highest caregiving needs. Given job differences between floor staff and managers, this study asks: How does meaning-making differ between nursing home floor staff and managers when staff refuse to care for LGBTQ+ residents? To answer this question, this study uses social coherence as a conceptual framework to understand the process of reflection that staff employ when a colleague invokes a religious exemption to care.

Methods
This qualitative comparative study uses in-depth semistructured interviews to compare responses from nursing home floor staff and managers (n = 80). Qualitative content analysis incorporated inductive and deductive coding approaches.

Results
Staff invoked 5 frames to reach social coherence: fairness, resident safety and comfort, individual religious beliefs, job obligations, and laws/policies. Floor staff and managers invoked the same 2 reasons (fairness, resident safety and comfort) to reach social coherence. However, floor staff differed from managers by also invoking individual religious beliefs and job obligations; whereas managers turned to laws and policies to reconcile tensions between religious rights and LGBTQ+ resident rights to care.

Discussion
In an increasingly polarized world, findings from this study illuminate nuances (and potential new areas of allyship) in how floor staff and managers understand and use various frames when deciding whether or not to accommodate a colleague who refuses care to an LGBTQ+ resident because of religious or moral reasons.
Adult Child Financial Disadvantage and the Cognitive Trajectories Among Older Parents in the United States
Authors: Lee Ah-Reum , Torres Jacqueline , Flores Romero Karla Renata 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Adult child socioeconomic status (SES) has been identified as a predictor of older parents’ cognitive aging. However, studies have primarily relied on educational attainment as the sole measure of adult child SES. We evaluated the relationship between adult children’s financial disadvantage and cognitive outcomes of older parents in the United States.

Methods
We used data from U.S. Health and Retirement Study (2000–2014, n = 15,053 respondents ≥51 years with at least 1 adult child). Adult child financial disadvantage was measured with 3 indicators of extremely low income, unemployment, and lack of homeownership. We used linear mixed models to estimate the association between adult child financial disadvantage and the rate of decline in verbal memory scores, controlling for respondents’ sociodemographic characteristics.

Results
Having at least 1 adult child (vs no adult children) with extremely low income was found to be associated with lower verbal memory (b = −0.041, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.043, −0.039) at baseline. There was a small but significant association with the rate of decline in verbal memory z-scores (b = 0.004, 95% CI: 0.000, 0.008) and some evidence of heterogeneity by parent gender, marital status, and SES.

Discussion
Offspring financial disadvantage may be influential for older parents’ initial level of memory function, although evidence of associations with memory decline was weak. Public policy interventions aimed at improving the economic conditions of adult children may indirectly benefit the cognitive performance of disadvantaged parents in their later life.
Retrospective analysis of adverse drug reaction enquiries to a hospital drug information service: lessons to be learned to increase in-hospital drug safety
Authors: Strobach Dorothea , Pudritz Yvonne , Huttner Daniela 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a major drug safety concern and a frequent topic of enquiries to hospital drug information services. Our goal was to analyse these enquiries regarding background, complexity, nature of ADR, and involved drug classes to improve in-hospital drug safety.

Methods
Retrospectively, ADR enquiries to a German university hospital pharmacy drug information 2018–2022 were analysed regarding enquirer (profession, medical specialty) and enquiry details (drugs, suspected ADR/enquiry prior to drug initiation, ADR system organ class, probable cause identified, and enquiry complexity).

Key findings
Of 543 enquiries, 516 (95%) were asked by physicians, 493 (91%) patient-specific, 390 (71%) on suspected ADRs, and 153 (28%) prior to drug initiation. Enquiries originated frequently from internal medicine (74/13.6%), paediatrics (71/13.1%), neurology (70/12.9%), and haemato-oncology (62/11.4%). Most frequent ADRs were haematologic (94/17%) and hepatic (72/13%). The median number of drugs per enquiry was three (range 0–37), 209 (38%) enquiries referred to one specific drug, 165 (30%) concerned ≥11 drugs. A probable cause for suspected ADRs was identified in 75 (36%) enquiries concerning one drug and 155 (94%) with ≥11 drugs. Most frequent drugs were antineoplastic (54/25.8%), nervous-system-drugs (42/20.1%), and anti-infective (40/19.1%). Most enquiries (342/63%) were complex (multiple/specialist resources).

Conclusions
Enquiries were usually asked by physicians referring to suspected ADRs in specific clinical situations. A probable cause was identified in many cases pointing to a direct positive impact on patient care. Enquiries prior to drug initiation should be encouraged to increase drug safety. Information on main ADR effects and drug classes helps with targeted counselling.
Eco-friendly diet: nutrient digestibility, nitrogen and energy balances and growth performance of growing pigs
Authors: de Quelen Francine , Garcia-Launay Florence , Wilfart Aurélie , Dourmad Jean-Yves , Labussière Etienne 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The traditional approach to formulating pig diets is based only on minimizing cost while meeting nutritional requirements and thus does not consider the environmental impacts associated with producing feed ingredients. To reduce the overall environmental impact of pork production, feed ingredients can be considered to formulate environmentally friendly diets. However, their potential effects on pig performance could decrease environmental benefits at the farm gate. The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of such eco-friendly pig diets on nitrogen (N) and energy (E) balances, the components of heat production (HP), and the performance of growing pigs. Digestibility coefficients of dry matter (84.5% vs. 88.2%, P &lt; 0.01) and N (80.4% vs. 86.3%, P &lt; 0.01) were significantly lower for the eco-friendly diet than the Control-diet (a commercial diet used in France). N excretion in feces was significantly higher for the group of pigs fed the eco-friendly diet than for the group fed the Control-diet (9.8 vs. 6.9 g/d, respectively, P = 0.01), while the N retention tended to be lower (27.8 vs. 30.3 g/d, respectively; P = 0.06). The metabolizable E:digestible E ratio did not differ between diets, but total HP was significantly lower for the eco-friendly diet group than for the Control-diet group (1,340 vs. 1,388 kJ/kg body weight0.60/d, respectively, P = 0.03). Using feed ingredients with lower environmental impacts, such as locally produced protein or co-products from wheat processing, is an effective way to decrease the environmental impacts of pig production. However, the nutritional composition of these eco-friendly ingredients could be overestimated, in particular the true digestibility of amino acids. This indicates the need to better estimate and consider the true digestibility of eco-friendly diets to decrease environmental impacts of livestock production without decreasing animal performance.
Degree-day models for predicting adult Delia platura (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) spring flight and first emergence in New York State
Authors: Olaya-Arenas Paola , Cho Chloe Yi-Luo , Olmstead Daniel , DiPaola Anna , Crowther Shea , Degni Janice , Miller Jeff , Gabriel Aaron , Stanyard Mike , Zuefle Marion , Letham Jodi , Poveda Katja 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The seedcorn maggot, Delia platura (Meigen), is a pest affecting many crops, including corn. The early spring emergence of adults and belowground seed damage by maggots leave no room for rescue treatments during the short growing season in New York State. Degree-day (DD) models play a crucial role in predicting insect emergence and adult peak activity and are essential for effective pest management. The current D. platura DD model was launched on the Network for Environment and Weather Applications (NEWA) in 2022, using existing scientific literature from other North American regions. The NEWA model predicted adult D. platura first emergence at an average of 471 (39°F) DD in 2022. To gain an accurate and precise understanding of D. platura adult spring emergence and activity, we used interpolated temperature data to calculate the DD for each specific location where adults were captured in the field. DD calculations were performed using the average method, setting a biofix on January 1st and a base temperature of 39°F. In 2023, overwintering adults emerged at an average of 68 DD, and in 2022, adult activity was registered at an average of 282 DD. Accurately predicting the emergence of D. platura could contribute to informing integrated pest management strategies that incorporate timing and cultural practices over chemical solutions to protect crops and the environment.
Oebalus pugnax (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin in Texas and efficacy of 2 alternative insecticides in grain sorghum
Authors: Gray Danielle D , Biles Stephen , Bernaola Lina , Mays D Tyler , Walker Wade , Towles Tyler , Kerns David , Ludwick Dalton C 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Along the Coastal Bend of Texas, the rice stink bug, Oebalus pugnax (F.), is a major pest of grain sorghum and rice that is primarily managed by insecticide applications. Reports of rice stink bug resistance to pyrethroids in Texas first surfaced in 2015 and continued to spread. To determine the status of pyrethroid resistance, rice stink bug populations across Texas and Louisiana were evaluated from 2021 to 2023. Mortality was assessed through glass vial exposures to eight concentrations (0, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, 10, and 30 μg/vial) of a pyrethroid, lambda-cyhalothrin. The concentration of lambda-cyhalothrin required to kill 50% (LC50) of each population was estimated by probit analysis. Furthermore, the efficacy of insecticides, including lambda-cyhalothrin, dimethoate, and dinotefuran, were evaluated in field experiments conducted in 2021. Our results indicated that 14 of the 21 rice stink bug populations sampled were resistant to lambda-cyhalothrin, with LC50 values ranging from 42 to 1,600 times higher than a susceptible population. In the field trial, lambda-cyhalothrin did not control rice stink bugs. Dinotefuran provided excellent control of nymphs, but dimethoate provided greater control of adult rice stink bugs. To our knowledge, this is the first study to thoroughly evaluate the extent or geographic range of pyrethroid resistance in Texas for rice stink bugs.
Simulate the elastic wavefields in media with an irregular surface topography based on staggered grid finite difference
Authors: Mao Qinghui , Zhong Yu , Liu Yangting , He Mei , Zou Kun , Gu Hanming , Xu Kai , Huang Haibo , Zhou Yuan , Shi Zeyun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Wave equation forward modeling is a useful method to study the propagation regulation of seismic wavefields. Finite difference (FD) is one of the most extensively employed numerical approaches for computing wavefields in earthquake and exploration seismology. However, the FD approach relying on regular grids often struggles to calculate wavefields in regions featuring surface topographies. The elastic wave equation can more accurately describe the propagation of seismic wavefields in elastic media compared to the acoustic wave equation. We introduce a new FD scheme to calculate the elastic wavefields in an isotropic model with a surface topography. The novel approach can use a conventional staggered grid FD (SGFD) approach based on regular grids. A new elastic model with a horizontal surface is first obtained from the nearby surface's elastic properties and the undulating terrain elevation. We subsequently employ a topography-related strategy to eliminate the effects of surface topographies on the seismic wavefields in models with irregular surface topographies. The merits of our proposed scheme lie in its ability to stable numerically compute wavefields in models with irregular surface topographies without altering the conventional SGFD relying on regular grids. To validate the effectiveness and practicality of our method, we utilize elastic models featuring complex surface topographies. Numerical experiments demonstrate that our approach efficiently calculates elastic wavefields in isotropic media with irregular topographies based on conventional SGFD.
Exploring the effects of two-segment loop tunnels on termite food transport efficiency: a simulation study
Authors: Lee Sang-Hee , Park Cheol-Min 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study explores the food transport efficiency (E) in a termite tunnel consisting of a main tunnel and a 2-segment loop tunnel through a model simulation. Simulated termites navigate between the main and loop tunnels through branching nodes (a, b, c, d) with associated probabilities (P1, P2, P3, P4). The loop tunnel locations (δ) are considered: near the nest (δ = 1), at the center of the main tunnel (δ = 2), and close to the food site (δ = 3). The results reveal that for δ = 1, paths such as a → d → b → c and c → d → b → a exhibited high E values. Conversely, for δ = 2, P3 and P4 demonstrate elevated E values ranging from 0.4 to 0.6. For δ = 3, paths like c → d or c → b display high E values, emphasizing the significance of in-loop separation tunnels (characterized by P3 and P4) in alleviating traffic congestion. Partial rank correlation validates that P1 and P2 minimally influence E, while P3 and P4 significantly negatively impact E, regardless of δ. However, for δ = 2, the influence of P3 and P4 is notably reduced due to the positional symmetry of the loop tunnel. In the discussion, we address model limitations and propose strategies to overcome them. Additionally, we outline potential experimental validations to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics governing termite food transport within tunnels.
Island area and diet predict diversity and distribution of bats in a Pacific Northwest archipelago
Authors: Kelly Rochelle M , Santana Sharlene E 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The island biogeography theory predicts that species richness in islands and island-like systems is the ultimate result of island isolation and area. Species with high dispersal capabilities are predicted to be less affected by these factors because of their capacity to move more efficiently between islands or habitats, and here we test this idea in bats, the only mammals capable of flight. We conducted mist net and acoustic surveys across 21 islands in the San Juan Archipelago (Washington State, United States) and adjacent northwest mainland to: (i) investigate the effects of island area, distance from mainland, and habitat on bat diversity; and (ii) evaluate whether differences in morphological (body mass, forearm length, wing loading) and ecological (dietary niche breadth, foraging guild) traits among species influence their prevalence across islands. We found that island size strongly influenced patterns of species richness, with larger islands having a greater number of bat species. However, neither island distance from mainland nor any measure of habitat availability was a significant predictor of species richness at the scale of this study. Additionally, we found that dietary niche breadth, as opposed to any morphological trait, best predicted the prevalence of species across the islands. Our results suggest that species with more specialized diets may be more vulnerable to habitat fragmentation, and provide insight into how geographic and ecological factors affect the diversity of insular bat communities, adding to growing knowledge about the role of species traits as mediators of their responses to large-scale landscape structure.
The Burden of Diversity
Authors: Mishra Atul 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the relationship between national identity and sovereign statehood. It examines the anxieties around national identity as evidenced in the realms of ideas as well as political practices and policy. It shows how the efforts at addressing this anxiety in India have resulted in two competing conceptions of the nation: the Nehruvian and the Hindutva. The two conceptions are juxtaposed to show how the anxiety remains unresolved as well as highlight the divergent notions of sovereign statehood they carry. The impact of Hindutva on contemporary politics and policy is discussed. Finally, the chapter examines an aborted early attempt in Pakistan at adopting secular democratic political order and, subsequently, a concerted effort at Islamizing the polity. It concludes by showing how the pursuit of a homogenized Islamic identity has undermined the sovereignty of the Pakistan state over the past two decades.
Epilogue
Authors: Mishra Atul 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter begins by foregrounding how India and Pakistan have emerged as callous states vis-à-vis those people—citizens and neighbouring aliens—who have been caught in their sovereignty dynamic. It also notes how internationalization has caused the loss of those civilizational resources which could minimize conflict and aid cooperation in intercommunity relations in the region. Against the backdrop of this reckoning, the chapter foregrounds the importance of revisiting the regionalist thought-world of the first half of the twentieth century in which ideas about shared sovereignty and a united subcontinental polity were articulated.