bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finite element‐assisted analysis of experimental out‐of‐plane impregnation behavior of reinforcement textiles
Authors: Duhovic M. , Willenbacher B. , May D. , Mitschang P. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe accurate characterization of out‐of‐plane permeability is crucial for the process design of composite parts involving through‐thickness resin impregnation. Through‐thickness permeability measurement of reinforcement textiles is however extremely challenging due to the dynamic interaction of fluid and reinforcement. In order to design the measurement equipment correctly and decide on correct processing parameters (in particular, injection pressure for different stiffness materials at different fiber volume fractions) complimentary finite‐element based simulations can be used to help analyze and understand the complex behavior of both fluid flow and textile compaction, which occurs during physical experiments. The simulation results, which can only be validated through outputs, such as flowrate, flow front development and to a limited extent textile displacement, available from the experiments, provide quantitative indications of the nonuniform through‐thickness fiber volume fraction distribution (not possible to measure via experiments) and therefore deviations from the measurement target fiber volume fraction. In this work, this methodology is used to analyze two reinforcement materials with significantly different compaction and permeability characteristics to provide possible insights into differences between saturated and unsaturated permeability measurements.Highlights
Understanding hydrodynamic compaction by combining experiments and simulations.
Simulation results validated by sensors integrated into the physical equipment.
Out‐of‐plane fiber volume fraction distribution difficult to measure.
Simulations provide visualization of fiber volume fraction distribution.
Insights into causes of differences between saturated/unsaturated permeability.
AC electric field‐assisted interlayer alignment of carbon nanotubes to synergistically enhance the properties of GFRP composites
Authors: Xiao Jing , Li Shuran , Li Mengze , Fu Yihan , Yan Ling , Song Xiaowen , Ke Yinglin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractImproving the properties of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites with CNTs has been challenging due to the lack of control over the distribution and orientation of CNTs during composite processing. Here, we propose a new method to polarize and align the interlayer CNTs by applying an alternating current field (AC) during the curing process of GFRP laminates and to improve the matrix‐reinforcement interface. The addition of 0.05 wt% multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) resulted in a 46.78% increase in initial crack extension and a 42.45% increase in steady‐state crack extension. Based on the microscopic characterization of the fracture surfaces and interfaces, the significant increase in fracture toughness was attributed to the bridging effect of the aligned CNTs as well as strong interfaces. The results of this study provide new opportunities for the development of composites with significantly enhanced properties.Highlights
Curing of GFRP laminates with AC electric field‐assisted technique.
Alignment of interlayer carbon nanotubes with electric field induced.
The aligned CNTs increased the interlayer fracture energy by 42.45%.
Enhancing Non‐Invasive Prenatal Testing: A Novel Approach to Improve 45,X Prediction Accuracy
Authors: Lin Xiaoying , Huang Cheng , Chen Li , Du Bole , Guo Yulai , Zeng Mi , Li Sheng , Xia Weicheng , Wei Jiaxue 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveTraditional non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs) has a higher risk of false positives, particularly for 45,X. This study introduces an innovative NIPT analysis pipeline to minimize false positives in 45,X screening.MethodsWe included 39 cases from the NIPT records of 15,882 pregnancies, including 20 with 45,X and 19 controls, and performed standard NIPT and size‐selection NIPT tests. Based on the two NIPT results, the Zs‐score was used to determine aneuploidy status: > 3 indicated 45,X, and −3 to 3 suggested a negative result. We analyzed the change in the positive predictive value (PPV) of NIPT for 45,X.ResultsBy integrating data from two NIPT experiments and monitoring sex chromosome variations, the Zs of the control group ranged from −3 to 3, indicating no 45,X. In the NIPT‐45,X group, 9 out of 20 cases had Zs > 3, whereas the remaining 11 cases had Zs between −3 and 3. The PPV of NIPT for 45,X improved from 25.00% (5/20) to 55.56% (5/9), and 73.33% (11/15) of the initial false positives were corrected by our method.ConclusionOur advanced analysis process significantly improved the PPV of NIPT for 45,X and reduced the incidence of false positives.
Use of Clinically Informed Strategies and Diagnostic Yields of Genetic Testing for Fetal Structural Anomalies Following a Non‐Diagnostic Microarray Result: A Population‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: Allen Victoria M. , Schollenberg Erica , Aberg Erika , Brock Jo‐Ann K. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate the performance of targeted gene sequencing, expanded gene panels, and selected exomes for prenatally identified fetal anomalies, after non‐diagnostic microarray results.MethodAll fetal samples received for genetic testing for fetal structural anomalies in the Canadian Maritime Provinces (2014–2022) were identified. Utilization and results of NGS sequencing strategies after a non‐diagnostic microarray were correlated with ultrasound findings and autopsy results.ResultsFive hundred and ninety‐three cases of fetal anomalies with non‐diagnostic RAD results were identified, including 319 (54%) with isolated anomalies. Diagnostic yield from the microarray was 7.5%. Sequence‐based testing for 131 cases gave an overall diagnostic yield of 38% (8.4% of initial cohort). For isolated anomalies, diagnostic yield was highest in the intracranial, renal, and musculoskeletal systems (44%, 60%, 64% respectively). Appropriate targeted gene sequencing provided a diagnostic yield of 40%. With clinically indicated criteria for exome analysis, diagnostic yields were higher than when clinical information prompted use of a selected gene panel (73% vs. 27%). Expanding to an exome after a non‐diagnostic gene panel had an additional diagnostic yield of 13%.ConclusionMultidisciplinary review and comprehensive clinical information can inform the selection of strategies for expanded genetic testing after non‐diagnostic microarray for fetal anomalies within a publicly funded health care system.
Patients' real‐world engagement with movement pattern modifications for nonarthritic hip‐related pain
Authors: Cheng Abby L. , Hannemann Austin J. , Brady Brian K. , Pashos Madeline M. , Huecker Julia B. , Steger‐May Karen , Prather Heidi , Clohisy John C. , Harris‐Hayes Marcie 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundNonarthritic hip‐related pain can cause chronic pain and disability. Movement pattern training is an effective nonoperative treatment when delivered via formal physical therapy, but some patients have limited access to physical therapy. Discussion of movement pattern training during a patient's initial visit to a medical provider could be a valuable addition to first‐line management of hip pain. However, the general acceptability of movement pattern related activity modification is not yet known.ObjectiveTo understand the real‐world willingness of patients with nonarthritic hip‐related pain to implement movement pattern modifications. A secondary goal was to explore adherence to movement pattern related activity modification after a single instructional session.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingOutpatient clinics of two U.S. tertiary care academic medical centers.ParticipantsEighty‐eight 15–40‐year‐old patients who were diagnosed by a musculoskeletal clinician with nonarthritic hip‐related pain and advised to pursue nonoperative management.InterventionsParticipants received a single instructional session of movement pattern training principles, in addition to usual nonoperative care.Main Outcome MeasuresThe primary outcome was the proportion of participants who reported implementing one or more movement pattern related activity modifications during the 12‐week follow‐up period. The secondary outcome was participants' self‐reported proportion of time that movement pattern related activity modifications were implemented.ResultsEighty‐eight participants enrolled (mean 27 [SD 8] years old, 81% (n = 71) female). By 12‐week follow‐up, 100% of the 80 retained participants implemented one or more movement pattern related activity modifications. Participants incorporated movement pattern modifications a median of 73% (interquartile range 50%–85%) of the time.ConclusionsParticipants with nonarthritic hip‐related pain demonstrated high willingness to engage in movement pattern related activity modification, even after a single instructional session. Instruction in movement pattern training principles during an initial medical visit for nonarthritic hip‐related pain may be a valuable, well‐received addition to traditional first‐line management.
Unexpected Inhibition of the Knoevenagel Condensation in Methanol by Iodonium Salt Served as Electrophilic Activator
Authors: Sysoeva Alexandra A. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTHalogen bond donors are recognized as electrophilic catalysts in reactions involving carbonyl compounds. This study describes an unexpected inhibition of the Knoevenagel condensation by the catalyst. To elucidate the intricacies of the inhibition mechanism, the overall reaction order and rate constants were determined using 1H NMR spectroscopy, and further experiments with different nucleophiles were conducted. The findings revealed that the inhibition of the primary reaction is attributed to a substantial acceleration of the side reaction involving aldehyde methanolysis, which hinders the formation of the final alkene product.
Low TgPLA‐Based Copolymer Foams for Tissue Engineering Applications: Influence of Supercritical CO2 and N2 Mixtures on Open‐Cell Content, Morphology, and Storage Stability
Authors: Pongratz Annalena , Dippold Marcel , Reimer Svenja , Heß Oliver , Ruckdäschel Holger 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPolylactid‐based (PLA) copolymer foams show a high potential for tissue engineering applications. However, tailored foam properties are required for these applications. As medical authorization is challenging for foams containing chemical modifiers or nucleating agents, tailored foam properties must be achieved by varying process parameters. Employing mixtures of supercritical CO2 and supercritical N2 as blowing agents is a promising approach to achieve tailored properties. In this study, the influence of CO2:N2 blowing agent mixtures on density, average cell size, open cell content, and storage stability is evaluated for PLA‐based copolymer foams suitable for tissue engineering applications. Porosities higher than 90%, which are essential for sufficient cell ingrowth, could be achieved for all blowing agent mixtures. A decreasing average cell size was found for mixtures with low CO2 content. Improved storage stability and increased open cell contents were achieved for a CO2 to N2 volume ratio of 80:20.
Effect of Technology‐Based Psychological Empowerment Interventions on Psychological Well‐Being of Parents of Pediatric Cancer Patients: A Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Ozdemir Koyu Hazal , Kilicarslan Ebru 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn recent years, technology‐based interventions have emerged as effective approaches to provide psychological support for the parents of children with cancer. Despite their increasing use, evidence on the effectiveness of technology‐based empowerment interventions remains limited, largely due to the heterogeneity in intervention designs and measured outcomes.AimThis meta‐analysis aims to evaluate the effectiveness of technology‐based psychological empowerment interventions on the psychological well‐being of parents of pediatric cancer patients.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted databases including Scopus, Medline, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, APA PsycINFO, CINAHL Complete, and the Ovid Nursing Database Scopus, Medline, and PubMed identified 8020 studies, from which 9 RCTs involving 698 parents of children with cancer were included. The risk of bias was assessed using the revised Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB 2) tool. Data analysis was assessed using a random effects model with standardized mean difference (SMD) using Review Manager Version 5.4. Heterogeneity was assessed using the chi‐square test and I2 statistic. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were performed.ResultsThe meta‐analysis revealed significant improvements in psychological outcomes, including decreases in distress (SMD: −0.42, 95% CI [−0.70, −0.13], p = 0.005), depression (SMD: −0.92, 95% CI [−1.56, −0.27], p = 0.005) and anxiety (SMD: −1.47, 95% CI [−2.50, −0.44], p = 0.005) immediately after the intervention. Follow‐up analyses showed maintained decreases in depression (SMD: −0.39, 95% CI [−0.61, −0.17], p = 0.005) and anxiety (SMD:‐0.32, 95% CI [−0.58, −0.07], p = 0.01). Additionally, significant increases were observed coping (SMD: 4.31, 95% CI [1.19, 7.44], p = 0.007) and resilience (SMD: 4.68, 95% CI [1.23, 8.13], p = 0.008) immediately after the intervention. However, no significant effect was found on health‐related quality of life (SMD: 0.02, 95% CI [−0.25, 0.29], p = 0.88).ConclusionThis meta‐analysis provides evidence that technology‐based psychological empowerment interventions dramatically improve the psychological well‐being of parents of children with cancer. By effectively decreasing distress, depression, and anxiety while enhancing coping skills and resilience, these interventions are emerging as essential components of psychosocial support programs. These findings underscore the transformative potential of technology‐driven approaches in addressing the unique and multifaceted needs of families, paving the way for more accessible and personalized support systems.
IgG4 Related Disease Presenting With Eosinophilic Pleural Effusion
Authors: Thomas Ancy Elsa , Thangakunam Balamugesh , Kodiatte Thomas , Christopher Devasahayam Jesudas 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTA 56‐year‐old man presented with right‐sided pleuritic chest pain and intermittent cough for 4 months, with a background history of well‐controlled asthma and allergic rhinitis. Chest radiographs revealed right‐sided pleural effusion, the fluid chemistry showed an exudate effusion with negative cytology and abundant eosinophils. Thoracoscopic pleural biopsy showed moderate lymphoplasmacytic chronic inflammation. Immunohistochemistry showed IgG4 staining up to 90 plasma cells/hpf (> 10% diagnostic), and the IgG4: IgG ratio was 40% (> 40% diagnostic), confirming the diagnosis of IgG4‐related disease (IgG4‐RD). Elevated serum IgG4 level (300 mg/dL; normal range: 3–201 mg/dL), further supported the diagnosis. While eosinophilic pleural effusion (EPE) accounts for 5%–16% of all exudative pleural effusions, IgG4‐related pleural disease is an extremely rare cause of EPE.
Impacts of fire on canopy structure and its resilience depend on successional stage in Amazonian secondary forests
Authors: Vedovato Laura B. , Aragão Luiz E. O. C. , Almeida Danilo R. A. , Bartholomew David C. , Assis Mauro , Dalagnol Ricardo , Gorgens Eric B. , Silva‐Junior Celso H. L. , Ometto Jean P. , Pontes‐Lopes Aline , Silva Carlos A. , Valbuena Ruben , Feldpausch Ted R. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSecondary forests in the Amazon are important carbon sinks, biodiversity reservoirs, and connections between forest fragments. However, their regrowth is highly threatened by fire. Using airborne laser scanning (ALS), surveyed between 2016 and 2018, we analyzed canopy metrics in burned (fires occurred between 2001 and 2018) and unburned secondary forests across different successional stages and their ability to recover after fire. We assessed maximum and mean canopy height, openness at 5 and 10 m, canopy roughness, leaf area index (LAI) and leaf area height volume (LAHV) for 20 sites across South‐East Amazonia (ranging from 375 to 1200 ha). Compared to unburned forests, burned forests had reductions in canopy height, LAI, and LAHV, and increases in openness and roughness. These effects were more pronounced in early successional (ES) than later successional (LS) stages, for example, mean canopy height decreased 33% in ES and 14% in LS and LAI decreased 36% in ES and 18% in LS. Forests in ES stages were less resistant to fire, but more resilient (capable of recovering from a disturbance) in their post‐fire regrowth than LS stage forests. Data extrapolation from our models suggests that canopy structure partially recovers with time since fire for six out of seven canopy metrics; however, LAI and LAHV in LS forests may never fully recover. Our results indicate that successional stage‐specific management and policies that mitigate against fire in early secondary forests should be implemented to increase the success of forest regeneration. Mitigation of fires is critical if secondary forests are to continue to provide their wide array of ecological services.
“They Prefer White People and American English”: Racialized English Language Teaching, African English Teachers and Identity Insecurity in China
Authors: Xu Wen 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWhile issues of race and language, especially English language teaching (ELT), are increasingly problematized in the Anglosphere, China remains a context that needs to be examined and uncovered. Drawing upon semi‐structured interviews, this article explores the racialized experiences of six African Black English teachers and how racial ideologies and racial ideologies of ELT affect their life pathways and identity formation. Findings suggest the presence of the racial hierarchy and linguistic racism in the recruitment, payment, and marketing processes, as well as at the microlevel of the classroom. By prioritizing the American curriculum, teachers, and English, the Chinese ELT market not only perpetuates white norms but also appropriates an “American” identity, as English is legitimated as an American property by administrators, teachers, parents, and learners. This study also suggests a link between identity insecurity of African English teachers and their constant experiences of othering, marginalization, and exclusion through everyday encounters. Implications are discussed at the end of the article, including a critical reflection on U.S. centrism in the Chinese ELT context and calling for more inclusive practices.
Symptomatic narcolepsy in a dog with functional pituitary gland macroadenoma
Authors: Koufaki Christina , Karafylia Anastasia , Panopoulos Ioannis , Psalla Dimitra , Soubasis Nektarios 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSymptomatic narcolepsy in dogs has been rarely reported. A 7‐year‐old, female, neutered Greek harehound presented with chronic progressive lethargy, dysphonia, episodes of flaccid paralysis of all limbs following excitement or eating, as well as pinnae and tail alopecia, hyperpigmentation and ‘rat tail’. Magnetic resonance imaging of the head revealed an extra‐axial T2‐weighted hyperintense contrast‐enhancing mass in the pituitary fossa, likely consistent with a pituitary gland mass. Food‐elicited cataplexy test was consistent with cataplexy, and a diagnosis of symptomatic narcolepsy was made. The dog deteriorated and was subsequently euthanased. A postmortem examination confirmed a pituitary gland macroadenoma. Symptomatic narcolepsy can be a sign of a pituitary gland mass in dogs as a result of direct (hypothalamus) or indirect (brainstem) mass effect, or both. The aim of this report is to raise awareness among clinicians to consider symptomatic narcolepsy as a possible differential diagnosis for dogs presenting with cataplexy accompanied by other neurological and/or endocrinological signs.
Nesting biology, phenology and sociality in a small carpenter bee Ceratina teunisseni a species endemic to Crete
Authors: Mikát M. , Benda D. , Waldhauser V. , Maxerová T. , Fraňková T. , Smyčková J. , Mrozek J. , Straka J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Facultatively social insects are crucial for understanding the origin of sociality and the costs and benefits of social behaviour in early stages of social evolution. Ceratina bees are an excellent model taxon as this genus has a high species richness with a significant proportion of facultatively social species. In this study, we investigated the social and nesting biology of the species Ceratina teunisseni Terzo 1997. We found that C. teunisseni is a facultatively social species—both solitary and social nests occur in sympatry. The long nesting season in the Mediterranean climate allows several generations in one season. Some females of the summer generation seem to disperse and nest solitarily; however, other females remain in their natal nests as workers. The proportion of multi-female nests is the highest in September, probably because starting the nest rearing at the end of the season is more risky, while remaining in the natal nest is a safer strategy. On the other hand, social nests at the beginning of the season were never detected, therefore social nesting is associated with nest reuse during the season. The number of brood cells provisioned is generally small (4 brood cells on average). However, in social nests, the number of brood cells provisioned is usually larger than in solitary nests. Limitation by nest substrate can influence the nesting biology of this species as many nests are established by usurpation of nests of other bee or wasp species. Males are present throughout the nesting season and can sometimes be present in brood-rearing nests.
Supercritical carbon dioxide assisted grinding: influence of grinding wheel porosity on grinding forces, grinding power and surface quality
Authors: Arafat Robar , Madanchi Nadine , Herrmann Christoph 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Despite their technical necessity in grinding processes, the use of conventional cutting fluids is connected with disadvantages such as environmental drawbacks and occupational health risks. Additionally, the conventionally used flood lubrication has a high demand on peripheral equipment such as pumps and filtration units, leading to a high energy demand. Research therefore suggests alternative strategies such as minimum quantity lubrication (MQL). As grinding is dependent on cooling, MQL has recently been extended by supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2), providing a sufficient cooling and effectively transporting the MQL fluid to the contact zone. Against this background, in this study, scCO2 + MQL was used in steel grinding with corundum grinding wheels and compared to flood lubrication using an emulsion. A key research objective was to identify the influence of grinding wheel porosity on process parameters and surface quality. Cutting conditions were varied by changing workpiece speeds and single cutting depths. It was found that regardless of grinding wheel and cutting fluid strategy, surface roughness, power, and forces increase with higher workpiece speeds and single cutting depths. Grinding forces were lower when using scCO2 + MQL compared to emulsion, whereas surface roughness was lower when using emulsion. Further, it was shown that the grinding wheel porosity significantly influences the process performance. The results reveal that a to certain extend, a higher porosity benefits the outcome of the grinding process in terms of roughness. This requires balancing sufficient grain interaction (lower porosity) as well as a sufficient fluid delivery (higher porosity) to the contact zone, underlining the significance of a tailored tool selection for scCO2 + MQL usage in grinding.