bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Planned wedge size compared to achieved advancement in dogs undergoing the modified Maquet procedure
Authors: Kapler M. W. , Marcellin-Little D. J. , Roe S. C. 
Published: October 2015

Summary
Objectives: To evaluate the patellar ligament to tibial plateau angle (PL-TPA) and amount of achieved advancement in dogs that underwent the modified Maquet procedure; compare wedge sizes recommended using two different planning techniques (Orthomed and modified tibial tuberosity advancement); and evaluate anatomical factors that predict the wedge size required to obtain a 90° PL-TPA.
Methods: Pre- and postoperative radio-graphs of dogs that had a modified Maquet procedure performed were evaluated for the following: calculated wedge size using two different planning techniques, the actual wedge size used, the achieved tibial tuberosity advancement, and the changes in PL-TPA. Anatomical measurements of the tibia were evaluated and correlated with the actual wedge size.
Results: Of the 38 modified Maquet procedures identified, 53% (n = 20) had a PLTPA of 90° ± 5°. Actual achieved advancement of the tibial tuberosity was 30% less than the wedge size used. Changes in PL-TPA and tibial width persisted at eight weeks postoperatively without loss of advancement. The two planning techniques did not result in a significantly different selection of wedge size.
Clinical relevance: Current planning techniques for the modified Maquet procedure result in under-advancement of the tibial tuberosity. Both measurement techniques evaluated do not result in appropriate advancement.
La « chute du père » est-elle le moteur de l’histoire ?
Authors: Pommier Gérard 
Published: October 2015

Cet article distingue la « chute du père » qui est un événement constant de l’histoire de chacun et de l’histoire des religions, et la chute du patriarcat, événement libérateur des temps modernes. On montrera que cette deuxième chute renouvelle le symbolique, et qu’elle n’est nullement génératrice de nouvelles pathologies.
La psychanalyse mise à mal par (certains de) ses affidés, même
Authors: Marie Pierre 
Published: October 2015

On oublie trop souvent que Freud et Lacan furent les fils de leur temps et, à ce titre, impactés par les modèles de pensée de leur époque, en particulier. Il importe donc aujourd’hui de réviser leurs concepts pour les rendre au plus près de ce qu’ils avaient en vue et non de les figer dans une dogmatique idéologique conservatrice aux fins absolument étrangères à la psychanalyse. Je m’attacherai à montrer combien la lecture traditionnelle du complexe d’Œdipe est étrangère à la pensée de Freud et range la psychanalyse du côté de la religion et combien le renvoi de Lacan vers Lévi-Strauss méconnaît leur radicale opposition : Lévi-Strauss est l’adepte d’un cognitivisme réductionniste quand Lacan montre à chaque instant de son enseignement que le parlêtre est le fruit d’un discours venu du dehors.
La réception du droit romain par la doctrine publiciste du XIX e siècle : une vue de l’esprit ?
Authors: Hecketsweiler Laurent 
Published: October 2015

S’interroger sur l’emploi du droit romain au XIX e siècle équivaut à s’interroger sur les modalités d’un vaste « réemploi » : mise en œuvre, dans une construction, de matériaux provenant d’une construction antérieure. Il s’agit donc certes de marquer à la craie ce qui a été exploité du ius par les architectes modernes (processus de réception du droit romain) mais aussi, plus important, d’éprouver ce qui a été laissé de côté. Au cœur de ce retranchement, le juriste (re)trouve paradoxalement une voie d’accès aux fondements de sa propre pensée.
Un musée à ciel ouvert ? Anthropologie du patrimoine végétal protestant dans le Moyen Poitou
Authors: Lamy Jérôme 
Published: October 2015

Le pin parasol est associé, dans le Moyen Poitou, à l’histoire du protestantisme. Un mythe collectif unit cet arbre aux maisons amies des protestants pendant la période du Désert. L’article étudie la persistance de cette mémoire botanique : une étude ethnographique et une analyse historique des émergences récentes du pin parasol protestant en Poitou dans le champ de l’érudition locale permettent de restituer l’ancrage de cet arbre dans le régime contemporain du patrimoine.
Des connexions des traites et des esclavages : quelles pertinences ?
Authors: Cottias Myriam 
Published: October 2015

Le Centre International de Recherche sur les Esclavages (CIRESC) au sein de deux programmes de recherche (le programme européen « EURESCL » du 7e PCRD et le programme de l’ANR intitulé AFRODESC) a mis au centre de sa pratique scientifique et heuristique le travail collaboratif entre des équipes de recherche internationales issues d’historiographies différentes. Cette mise en relation a permis d’analyser des « situations d’esclavage » et de « post-esclavage » dans les sociétés des Amériques, d’Europe et d’Afrique et d’expliciter les enjeux identitaires, politiques et sociaux des catégories de désignation des individus qui mobilisent ou non l’histoire de l’esclavage pour se définir.
Progressive Independence in Clinical Training: Perspectives of a National, Multispecialty Panel of Residents and Fellows
Authors: Franzone Jeanne M. , Kennedy Benjamin C. , Merritt HelenMari , Casey Jessica T. , Austin Melissa C. , Daskivich Timothy J. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT

Background
Progressive independence in patient care activities is imperative for residents' readiness for practice and patient safety of those cared for by graduates of residency programs. However, establishing a standardized system of progressive independence is an ongoing challenge in graduate medical education.

Objective
We aggregated trainees' perspectives on progressive independence, developed a model of the ideal state, and suggested actionable improvements.

Methods
A multispecialty, nationally representative group of trainees conducted a structured exercise that (1) described the attributes of an ideal system of graduated responsibility; (2) compared the current system to that ideal; (3) developed benchmarks to reinforce best practices; and (4) identified approaches to motivate programs to adopt best practices.

Results
At the core of an ideal model of graduated responsibility is a well-structured curriculum and assessment of individual learners using educational milestones and patient outcomes. The ideal model also includes robust faculty development and emphasizes faculty mentorship. To address legal and financial restrictions that pose barriers to progressive independent, objective outcome criteria like the milestones could be used to ask payers to alter payment restrictions for work performed by senior trainees, providing financial incentives for programs to encourage appropriate independent practice. Recognition of high-performing programs at the national level could motivate others to adopt best practices.

Conclusions
A multifaceted approach, incorporating robust 2-way feedback about skill level and autonomy between residents and faculty, along with improved faculty development in this area, is needed to optimize residents' attainment of progressive independence. There are incentives to move programs and institutions toward this optimal model.
Use of the Interview in Resident Candidate Selection: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Stephenson-Famy Alyssa , Houmard Brenda S. , Oberoi Sidharth , Manyak Anton , Chiang Seine , Kim Sara 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundAlthough the resident candidate interview is costly and time-consuming for both applicants and programs, it is considered critically important for resident selection. Noncognitive attributes, including communication skills and professionalism, can be assessed by the personal interview.ObjectiveWe conducted a review of the literature on the residency interview to identify the interview characteristics used for resident selection and to ascertain to what extent the interview yields information that predicts future performance.MethodsWe searched PubMed and Scopus using the following search terms: residency, internship, interview, selection, and performance. We extracted information on characteristics of the interview process, including type of interview format, measures taken to minimize bias by interviewers, and testing of other clinical/surgical skills.ResultsWe identified 104 studies that pertained to the resident selection interview, with highly varied interview formats and assessment tools. A positive correlation was demonstrated between a medical school academic record and the interview, especially for unblinded interview formats. A total of 34 studies attempted to correlate interview score with performance in residency, with mixed results. We also identified a number of studies that included personality testing, clinical skills testing, or surgical skills testing.ConclusionsOur review identified a wide variety of approaches to the selection interview and a range of factors that have been studied to assess its effectiveness. More research needs to be done not only to address and ascertain appropriate interview formats that predict positive performance in residency, but also to determine interview factors that can predict both residents' “success” and program attrition.
Have First-Year Emergency Medicine Residents Achieved Level 1 on Care-Based Milestones?
Authors: Weizberg Moshe , Bond Michael C. , Cassara Michael , Doty Christopher , Seamon Jason 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT

Background
Residents in Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education accredited emergency medicine (EM) residencies were assessed on 23 educational milestones to capture their progression from medical student level (Level 1) to that of an EM attending physician (Level 5). Level 1 was conceptualized to be at the level of an incoming postgraduate year (PGY)-1 resident; however, this has not been confirmed.

Objectives
Our primary objective in this study was to assess incoming PGY-1 residents to determine what percentage achieved Level 1 for the 8 emergency department (ED) patient care–based milestones (PC 1–8), as assessed by faculty. Secondary objectives involved assessing what percentage of residents had achieved Level 1 as assessed by themselves, and finally, we calculated the absolute differences between self- and faculty assessments.

Methods
Incoming PGY-1 residents at 4 EM residencies were assessed by faculty and themselves during their first month of residency. Performance anchors were adapted from ACGME milestones.

Results
Forty-one residents from 4 programs were included. The percentage of residents who achieved Level 1 for each subcompetency on faculty assessment ranged from 20% to 73%, and on self-assessment from 34% to 92%. The majority did not achieve Level 1 on faculty assessment of milestones PC-2, PC-3, PC-5a, and PC-6, and on self-assessment of PC-3 and PC-5a. Self-assessment was higher than faculty assessment for PC-2, PC-5b, and PC-6.

Conclusions
Less than 75% of PGY-1 residents achieved Level 1 for ED care-based milestones. The majority did not achieve Level 1 on 4 milestones. Self-assessments were higher than faculty assessments for several milestones.
Benchmarks for Support and Outcomes for Internal Medicine-Pediatrics Residency Programs: A 5-Year Review
Authors: Aronica Michael , Williams Ronald , Dennar Princess E. , Hopkins Robert H. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT

Background
Combined internal medicine and pediatrics (medicine-pediatrics) residencies were Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) accredited separately from their corresponding categorical residencies in June 2006.

Objective
We investigated how ACGME accreditation of medicine-pediatrics programs has affected the levels of support (both financial and personnel), the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) match rate, performance on the board examination, and other graduate outcomes.

Methods
From 2009 through 2013 we sent an annual SurveyMonkey online survey to members of the Medicine-Pediatrics Program Directors Association. Questions pertained to program characteristics, program director support, recruitment, ambulatory training, and graduate data. More than 79% of responders completed the entire survey for each year (sample size was 60 program directors).

Results
Compared to the time prior to accreditation of the specialty, there was an increase in program directors who are dually trained (89% versus 93%), an increase in program director salary ($134,000 before accreditation versus $185,000 in 2013, P &lt; .05), and an increase in the average full-time equivalent support (0.32 before accreditation versus 0.42 in 2013, P &lt; .05). There was also an increase in programs with associate program directors (35% versus 78%), programs with chief residents (71% versus 91%), and an increase in program budgets controlled by program directors (52% versus 69%). The 2013 NRMP match rates increased compared to those of 2005 (99% versus 49%). Performance on the American Board of Pediatrics examination was comparable to that for pediatrics residents. Since accreditation, a larger number of residents are choosing careers in hospital medicine.

Conclusions
Our data show widespread improved support for medicine-pediatrics programs since the 2006 start of ACGME accreditation.
Using an Accountability Program to Improve Psychiatry Resident Scores on In-Service Examinations
Authors: Ferrell Brandon T. , Tankersley William E. , Morris Clayton D. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe Psychiatry Resident-In-Training Examination (PRITE) is a standardized examination that measures residents' educational progress during residency training. It also serves as a moderate-to-strong predictor of later performance on the board certification examination.ObjectiveThis study evaluated the effectiveness of an accountability program used by a public psychiatric hospital to increase its residents' PRITE scores.MethodsA series of consequences and incentives were developed based on levels of PRITE performance. Poor performance resulted in consequences, including additional academic assignments. Higher performance led to residents earning external moonlighting privileges. Standardized PRITE scores for all residents (N = 67) over a 10-year period were collected and analyzed. The PRITE examination consists of 2 subscales—psychiatry and neurology. Change in the overall level of PRITE scores following the implementation of the accountability program was estimated using a discontinuous growth curve model for each subscale.ResultsStandardized scores on the psychiatry subscale were 51.09 points, approximately 0.50 SD change, which was higher after the accountability program was implemented. Standardized scores on the neurology subscale did not change.ConclusionsAn accountability program that assigns consequences based on examination performance may be moderately successful in improving scores on the psychiatry subscale scores of the PRITE. This likely has longer-term benefits for residents due to the relationship between PRITE and board certification examination performance.
Medical Schools' Industry Interaction Policies Not Associated With Trainees' Self-Reported Behavior as Residents: Results of a National Survey
Authors: Yeh James S. , Austad Kirsten E. , Franklin Jessica M. , Chimonas Susan , Campbell Eric G. , Avorn Jerry , Kesselheim Aaron S. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT

Background
Medical students attending schools with policies limiting industry/student interactions report fewer relationships with pharmaceutical representatives.

Objective
To investigate whether associations between students' medical school policies and their more limited industry interaction behaviors persist into residency.

Methods
We randomly sampled 1800 third-year residents who graduated from 120 allopathic US-based medical schools, using the American Medical Association Physician Masterfile. We surveyed them in 2011 to determine self-reported behavior and preferences for brand-name prescriptions, and we calculated the strength of their medical schools' industry interaction policies using the 2008 American Medical Student Association and Institute on Medicine as a Profession databases. We used logistic regression to estimate the association between strength of school policies and residents' behaviors with adjustments for class size, postresidency career plan, and concern about medical school debt.

Results
We achieved a 44% survey response rate (n = 739). Residents who graduated from schools with restrictive policies were no more or less likely to accept industry gifts or industry-sponsored meals, speak with marketing representative about drug products, attend industry-sponsored lectures, or prefer brand-name medications than residents who graduated from schools with less restrictive policies. Residents who correctly answered evidence-based prescription questions were about 30% less likely to have attended industry-sponsored lectures (OR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.56–0.98).

Conclusions
Any effect that medical school industry interaction policies had on insulating students from pharmaceutical marketing did not persist in the behavior of residents in our sample. This suggests that residency training environments are important in influencing behavior.
Assessing Correlations of Physicians' Practice Intensity and Certainty During Residency Training
Authors: Dine C. Jessica , Bellini Lisa M. , Diemer Gretchen , Ferris Allison , Rana Ashish , Simoncini Gina , Surkis William , Rothschild Charles , Asch David A. , Shea Judy A. , Epstein Andrew J. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundVariation in physicians' practice patterns contributes to unnecessary health care spending, yet the influences of modifiable determinants on practice patterns are not known. Identifying these mutable factors could reduce unnecessary testing and decrease variation in clinical practice.ObjectiveTo assess the importance of the residency program relative to physician personality traits in explaining variations in practice intensity (PI), the likelihood of ordering tests and treatments, and in the certainty of their intention to order.MethodsWe surveyed 690 interns and residents from 7 internal medicine residency programs, ranging from small community-based programs to large university residency programs. The surveys consisted of clinical vignettes designed to gauge respondents' preferences for aggressive clinical care, and questions assessing respondents' personality traits. The primary outcome was the participant-level mean response to 23 vignettes as a measure of PI. The secondary outcome was a certainty score (CS) constructed as the proportion of vignettes for which a respondent selected “definitely” versus “probably.”ResultsA total of 325 interns and residents responded to the survey (47% response rate). Measures of personality traits, subjective norms, demographics, and residency program indicators collectively explained 27.3% of PI variation. Residency program identity was the largest contributor. No personality traits were significantly independently associated with higher PI. The same collection of factors explained 17.1% of CS variation. Here, personality traits were responsible for 63.6% of the explained variation.ConclusionsResidency program affiliations explained more of the variation in PI than demographic characteristics, personality traits, or subjective norms.
Some classes of minimally almost periodic topological groups
Authors: Comfort Wistar , Gould Franklin R. 
Published: October 2015

<p>A Hausdorff topological group G=(G,T) has the small subgroup generating property<br />(briefly: has the SSGP property, or is an SSGP group) if for each neighborhood U of $1_G$ there is a family $\sH$<br />of subgroups of $G$ such that $\bigcup\sH\subseteq U$ and<br />$\langle\bigcup\sH\rangle$ is dense in $G$. The class of $\rm{SSGP}$ groups is defined and investigated with respect<br />to the properties usually studied by topologists (products,<br />quotients, passage to dense subgroups, and the like), and with respect to the familiar class of minimally almost<br />periodic groups (the m.a.p. groups). Additional classes<br />SSGP(n) for $n&lt;\omega$ (with SSGP(1) = SSGP) are defined and investigated, and the class-theoretic inclusions<br />$$\mathrm{SSGP}(n)\subseteq\mathrm{SSGP}(n+1)\subseteq\mathrm{ m.a.p.}$$<br />are established and shown proper.</p><p>In passing the authors also establish the presence of {\rm SSGP}$(1)$ or {\rm SSGP}$(2)$ in many of the early examples in the literature of abelian m.a.p. groups.</p>
Identifying risk factors that contribute to acute mountain sickness
Authors: Mahomed Z , Martin D , Gilbert E , Grant CC , Patricios J , Motara F 
Published: October 2015

Background. Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is an ever-increasing burden on the health sector. With reported incidences of greater than 50%, coupled with the fact that recreational activities at high altitude are gaining increasing popularity, more persons are developing AMS. Physicians are therefore increasingly faced with the task of managing and preventing AMS.Objectives. The pathophysiology of AMS is poorly understood, with little understanding of risk factors for the development of AMS. This research aimed to identify epidemiological and physiological risk factors for development of AMS.Methods. This study is a questionnaire-based study conducted in London and at Everest Base Camp, in which 116 lowlanders were invited to participate and fill in a questionnaire to identify potential risk factors in their history that may have contributed to development of or protection against AMS.Results. A total of 89 lowlanders enrolled in the study. Thirty-seven of the participants had AMS at Everest Base Camp, giving a prevalence of 42%. Of the demographic variables, only weight and body mass index (BMI) were statistically significantly associated with AMS, with those who weighed less or had a lower BMI more likely to get AMS. Previous high-altitude experience was also associated with AMS, with those who had such experience less likely to get AMS.Conclusion. Predicting AMS and furthering our understanding of the pathophysiology of AMS will be of tremendous benefit. Further research is needed in this regard.
Whole Mouse Brain Image Reconstruction from Serial Coronal Sections Using FIJI (ImageJ)
Authors: Paletzki Ronald , Gerfen Charles R. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWhole‐brain reconstruction of the mouse enables comprehensive analysis of the distribution of neurochemical markers, the distribution of anterogradely labeled axonal projections or retrogradely labeled neurons projecting to a specific brain site, or the distribution of neurons displaying activity‐related markers in behavioral paradigms. This unit describes a method to produce whole‐brain reconstruction image sets from coronal brain sections with up to four fluorescent markers using the freely available image‐processing program FIJI (ImageJ). © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Overview of Target Enrichment Strategies
Authors: Kozarewa Iwanka , Armisen Javier , Gardner Andrew F. , Slatko Barton E. , Hendrickson C.L. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTarget enrichment is commonly used in next generation sequencing (NGS) workflows to eliminate genomic DNA regions that are not of interest for a particular experiment. By only targeting specific regions such as exons, one can obtain greater depth of DNA sequencing coverage for regions of interest or increase the sampling numbers of individuals, thereby saving both time and cost. This overview of target enrichment strategies provides a high‐level review of distinct approaches to capture specific sequences: (a) hybridization‐based strategies, (b) transposon‐mediated fragmentation (tagmentation), (c) molecular inversion probes (MIPs), and (d) singleplex and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) target enrichment. Strategies for assay design and performance criteria are also discussed. Other platforms currently in development are also briefly described. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.