bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Development of the Junkers Jumo 004B: The World’s First Production Turbojet
Authors: Meher-Homji Cyrus B. 
Published: February 2015

This paper describes the pioneering work of Anslem Franz who, while working for the Junkers Engine company in Germany designed and made operational the world’s first production jet engine the Junkers Jumo 004 which was the powerplant for the formidable Messerschmitt ME 262 fighter. The paper covers the historical background of jet engine development in Germany during the Second World War and discusses design details of this remarkable axial flow, 1980 Lbs (900 Kg) thrust engine. The development represented a historic achievement for Anslem Franz and his design team at Junkers. Approximately 6,000 engines were built at the end of the second world war in the face of acute shortages and damage to German industry. The Jumo was brought from conceptual design to production in a span of four years.
Franz joined Avco Lycoming in 1952 and worked for 16 years. He retired as Vice President in 1968 after making prolific contributions to the development of several Avco engines including the T53. the T55 and the AGT-1500. Anslem Franz passed away at the age of 94 in Stratford, Connecticut. This paper is a modest tribute to a jet engine pioneer who, in spite of his extensive contributions to gas turbine technology, will always be remembered as the man who designed the world’s first production turbojet.
An Investigation of Heat Transfer by Leading Edge Film Cooling Applying the Naphthalene Sublimation Technique
Authors: Richter J. , Jung K. , Hennecke D. K. 
Published: February 2015

The dependence of heat transfer on film cooling near the leading edge of a blade was investigated using the naphthalene sublimation technique and applying the analogy between heat and mass transfer. Therefore, the local sublimation rate with and without film cooling was measured. The symmetric leading edge was cooled by an air mass flow out of two staggered rows of holes. The measurements were carried out with a constant Reynolds number Re = 80000, different incidence angles φ = 0° to 10° and a blowing rate varying from M = 0.3 to 2.5.
The flow without film cooling was visualized around the leading edge with smoke to indicate the existence of separation bubbles. To determine the dependence of incidence angle and blowing rate on jet trajectories, smoke was mixed to the cooling air.
The mass transfer coefficient was determined with the naphthalene sublimation technique. Due to the high resolution of the sublimation technique the local mass transfer distribution around the cooling holes could also be measured. Furthermore, the location of stagnation points and separation bubbles were investigated.
The results of the tests without film cooling were also compared with those obtained by observing stagnation point mass transfer on a cylinder and with those by laminar flow across a flat plate. The mass transfer coefficient of film cooling experiments was related to the mass transfer coefficient without film cooling to describe the local dependence of heat transfer coefficient on film cooling. An increase on relativ heat transfer near the film cooling holes is obtained by increasing the blowing rate. No further influence on heat transfer along the pressure side is detected for an incidence angle larger than 10° as the cooling films were shifted around the leading edge from the pressure to the suction side.
Unsteady Wake-Induced Boundary Layer Transition in High Lift LP Turbines
Authors: Schulte Volker , Hodson Howard P. 
Published: February 2015

The development of the unsteady suction side boundary layer of a highly loaded LP turbine blade has been investigated in a rectilinear cascade experiment. Upstream rotor wakes were simulated with a moving-bar wake generator. A variety of cases with different wake-passing frequencies, different wake strength and different Reynolds-numbers were tested. Boundary layer surveys have been obtained with a single hot-wire probe. Wall shear stress has been investigated with surface-mounted hot-film gauges. Losses have been measured.
The suction surface boundary layer development of a modern highly loaded LP turbine blade is shown to be dominated by effects associated with unsteady wake-passing. Whereas without wakes the boundary layer features a large separation bubble at a typical cruise Reynolds-number, the bubble was largely suppressed if subjected to unsteady wake-passing at a typical frequency and wake strength. Transitional patches and becalmed regions, induced by the wake, dominated the boundary layer development. The becalmed regions inhibited transition and separation and are shown to reduce the loss of the wake-affected boundary layer.
An optimum wake-passing frequency exists at cruise Reynolds-numbers. For a selected wake-passing frequency and wake-strength, the profile loss is almost independent of Reynolds-number. This demonstrates a potential to design highly loaded LP turbine profiles without suffering large losses at low Reynolds-numbers.
An Experimental Investigation of the Velocity and Temperature Fields of Cold Jets Injected Into a Hot Crossflow
Authors: Rydholm Hans A. 
Published: February 2015

It is shown here by dimensional analysis that the near-wall flow field of an effusion cooled combustor, can be scaled if the Reynolds, Mach and Prandtl numbers and the temperature and velocity ratios are kept constant. It is also demonstrated that a practical model experiment can be designed, which fulfils all the scaling laws. A test rig meeting these requirements has been designed, built and tested. The experimental conditions have been chosen to correspond to the conditions usually met in a real effusion cooled combustion chamber.
One geometrical configuration has been investigated. This consists of one transverse row of holes drilled with a 30° angle to the wall through which the cooling air enters into a cross flowing mainstream. The mean values of all three velocity components and the three normal fluctuating Reynolds stresses as well as the mean temperature have been measured in a large number of points surrounding the central injection hole.
Experiments were carried out for jet-to mainstream density ratios of 1.2 and 1.8 and the results indicate that realistic density ratios are necessary to provide data directly applicable in effusion cooling design.
Some Significant Highlights in Allison Regenerator Development
Authors: Davis Leonard C. , Jackman Anthony J. 
Published: February 2015

Allison Engine Company has 26 years of experience in vehicular gas turbines with rotating disc regenerators for waste heat recovery including 7 different engine models ranging up to 350 hp. We have completed the first 140 hr of endurance testing on a one-piece extruded ceramic disc regenerator of 231 mm (9.1 in.) diameter. Our disc supplier is finalizing extrusion additives and firing schedule for a lithium aluminum silicate material with up to 85% mined mineral content for low cost.
Unique Allison regenerator experience is cited as follows: first gas turbine with rotating regenerator in production, thermal cyclic strength loss of ceramic disc materials and cyclic oxidation of metal disc materials, regenerator leakage as low as 3.4%, metal regenerator time versus temperature ignition limits of various metals, and damping of friction-induced torsional vibration of regenerator discs.
Influence of Tip-Clearance, Aspect Ratio, Blade Loading, and Inlet Boundary Layer on Secondary Losses in Compressor Cascades
Authors: Hübner Jürgen , Fottner Leonhard 
Published: February 2015

Within the scope of a compressor research program on endwall flows a highly loaded linear compressor cascade of NACA 65 profiles was investigated.
Detailed study of the three-dimensional flow field was carried out for three different cases of tip-clearance including zero clearance with a variation of blade loading, blade height, and inlet boundary layer thickness. Using a small five hole probe measurements have been performed inside and downstream of the blade passage. Additional information about the formation and development of the passage and tip-clearance vortices is obtained from static pressure tappings at midspan and on the endwall, and a surface flow visualization technique.
The cascade performance is presented in terms of turning angle and loss coefficient. It is found that in addition to the frequently investigated effects of tip-clearance and blade loading, the displacement thickness of the inlet boundary layer has a significant influence on the radial distribution of the losses and the outlet angle. However, the overall loss behavior remains almost unaffected by the inlet boundary layer. Only for low values of the aspect ratio around one, zero tip-clearance, and high values of incidence the influence of the aspect ratio becomes important. In this case the endwall flow regions from both blade ends are linked.
The experimental results provide an extended basis for the improvement of the known correlations on aerodynamic losses and flow angle deviation as well as for the validation of 3D-Navier-Stokes calculations. An improved approach for loss correlations is presented in this paper.
Newly Developed Filter Products for Gas Turbine Intake Air Filtration
Authors: Schroth Thomas , Rudolph Antje , Freudenberg Carl 
Published: February 2015

The newly developed depth-loading filter types MaxiPleat filter and depth-loading filter cartridge offer gas turbine users numerous advantages in terms of clean air quality in the combustion air, cost-efficiency due to favourable pressure drop, long life and high functional reliability over the entire operating period.
The MaxiPleat filters fitted with a paper-like filter medium are produced by using the patented thermal embossing process, distinctive for its solution to the spacing problem. Without using any foreign materials as separators, depths of 250 mm can be achieved in pleating, with V-shaped, flow-optimized pleat geometries. This ensures low pressure drops and high dust holding capacities.
The depth-loading filter cartridge is intended as a replacement filter for surface-loading filter cartridges given unsatisfactory results. A conventional pulse-jet system can be converted to a depth-loading filter without any expensive modification. The depth-loading filter cartridge extends substantially the useful life of the filters and significantly improves the pressure drop characteristics, especially when sticky dusts and high humidity locations are involved.
CTV: A New Method for Mapping a Full Scale Prototype of an Axial Compressor
Authors: Mezzedimi Vasco , Nava Pierluigi , Hamilla Dave 
Published: February 2015

The full mapping of a new gas turbine axial compressor at different speeds, IGV settings and pressure ratios (from choking to surge) has been performed utilizing a complete gas turbine with a suitable set of modifications.
The main additions and modifications, necessary to transform the turbine into the Compressor Test Vehicle (CTV), are:
- Compressor inlet throttling valve addition
- Compressor discharge bleed valve addition
- Turbine 1st stage nozzle area reduction
- Starting engine change (increase in output and speed range).
This method has been successfully employed on two different single shaft heavy-duty gas turbines (with a power rating of 11MW and 170 MW respectively).
The paper describes the theoretical basis of this testing method and a specific application with the above mentioned 170 MW machine.
Design, synthesis, and carbon-heteroatom coupling reactions of organometallic nickel(IV) complexes
Authors: Camasso Nicole M. , Sanford Melanie S. 
Published: February 2015

Taking advantage of four for a nickel
Metal atoms change their oxidation state—i.e., lose or gain electrons—relatively easily. This is a major reason why metal compounds accelerate so many chemical reactions. Camasso and Sanford now report a straightforward way to prepare complexes of nickel in the +4 oxidation state, based on careful tuning of the coordination environment around the metal center (see the Perspective by Riordan). These complexes could prove useful in coupling carbon to oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur, and complement more traditional nickel catalysts that operate in lower oxidation states.

Science
, this issue p.
1218
; see also p.
1203
Complete Genome Sequences of Novel Anelloviruses from Laboratory Rats
Authors: Nishiyama Shoko , Dutia Bernadette M. , Sharp Colin P. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT
Anelloviruses are nonenveloped single-stranded DNA viruses infecting a wide range of mammals. We report three complete genomes of novel anelloviruses detected in laboratory rats. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrates that these viruses are related to but distinct from recently described rodent Torque teno viruses (RoTTVs) found in wild rodent species.
Draft Genome Sequence of Listeria monocytogenes LM201, Isolated from Foodstuff
Authors: Wu Yongpeng , Zheng Jinshui , Wang Yunxiao , Li Shaowen , Jin Hui , Li Zili , Bi Dingren , Sun Ming , Liu Mei 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

Listeria monocytogenes
is a facultative intracellular foodborne pathogen that can cause listeriosis in humans and animals.
L. monocytogenes
LM201 was isolated from foodstuff. The draft genome sequence of strain LM201 provides the genetic basis for the application of this strain in biotechnological vaccine production.
Draft Genome of Escherichia coli O146 Isolate from Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
Authors: Rajeshwari K. , Uppal Beena , Singh Rakesh , Malakar Abhishek K. , Chikara Surendra K. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of enteropathogenic
Escherichia coli
(EPEC) O146 strain isolated from a 1-year-old child with acute diarrhea in Delhi who recovered completely. The multidrug transporter (
mdtABCD
) gene, responsible for drug resistance, is present. The strain also contains the
astA
gene, an additional virulence determinant.
Genome Sequence of Sphingobium yanoikuyae B1, a Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Degrading Strain
Authors: Zhao Qiang , Hu Hongbo , Wang Wei , Peng Huasong , Zhang Xuehong 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

Sphingobium yanoikuyae
B1 can utilize biphenyl, naphthalene, phenanthrene, toluene, and m-/p-xylene as sole sources of carbon and energy. Here, we present a 5.2-Mb assembly of its genome. An analysis of the genome can provide insights into the mechanisms of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degradation and potentially aid in bioremediation applications.
Draft Genome Sequences of Two Xanthomonas euvesicatoria Strains from the Balkan Peninsula
Authors: Vancheva Taca , Lefeuvre Pierre , Bogatzevska Nevena , Moncheva Penka , Koebnik Ralf 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

We report the draft genome sequences of two
Xanthomonas euvesicatoria
strains from the Balkan Peninsula, which were isolated from symptomatic pepper plants. The availability of these genome sequences will facilitate the development of modern genotyping assays for X. euvesicatoria strains and to define targets for resistance breeding.
The effect of preinjury warfarin use on mortality rates in trauma patients: a European multicentre study
Authors: Lecky Fiona E , Omar Mahad , Bouamra Omar , Jenks Tom , Edwards Antoinette , Battle Ceri E , Evans Phillip A 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveTo define the relationship between preinjury warfarin use and mortality in a large European sample of trauma patients.MethodsA multicentred study was conducted using data collated from European (predominately English and Welsh) trauma receiving hospitals. Patient data from the Trauma Audit and Research Network database from 2009 to 2013 were analysed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate OR for mortality associated with preinjury warfarin use in the whole adult trauma cohort and a matched sample of patients comparable in terms of age, gender, GCS, pre-existing medical conditions and injury severity.ResultsA total of 136 617 adult trauma patients (2009–2013) were included, with 499 patients reported to be using warfarin therapy at the time of trauma. Preinjury warfarin use was associated with a significantly higher mortality rate at 30 days postinjury compared with the non-users. Following adjustment of age, injury severity and GCS, preinjury warfarin use was associated with increased mortality in trauma patients (adjusted OR 2.14; 95% CI 1.66 to 2.76; p<0.001). In the matched subset, 22% of warfarinised trauma patients died compared with 16.3% of non-warfarinised trauma patients with comparable age, injury severity and GCS (adjusted OR 1.94; 95% CI 1.25 to 3.01; p=0.003).ConclusionsPreinjury warfarin use has been demonstrated to be an independent predictor of mortality in trauma patients. Clinicians managing major trauma patients on warfarin need to be aware of the vulnerability of this group.
Investigation of Dietary Factors and Endometrial Cancer Risk Using a Nutrient-wide Association Study Approach in the EPIC and Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHSII
Authors: Merritt Melissa A. , Tzoulaki Ioanna , Tworoger Shelley S. , De Vivo Immaculata , Hankinson Susan E. , Fernandes Judy , Tsilidis Konstantinos K. , Weiderpass Elisabete , Tjønneland Anne , Petersen Kristina E.N. , Dahm Christina C. , Overvad Kim , Dossus Laure , Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine , Fagherazzi Guy , Fortner Renée T. , Kaaks Rudolf , Aleksandrova Krasimira , Boeing Heiner , Trichopoulou Antonia , Bamia Christina , Trichopoulos Dimitrios , Palli Domenico , Grioni Sara , Tumino Rosario , Sacerdote Carlotta , Mattiello Amalia , Bueno-de-Mesquita H.B(as). , Onland-Moret N. Charlotte , Peeters Petra H. , Gram Inger T. , Skeie Guri , Quirós J. Ramón , Duell Eric J. , Sánchez María-José , Salmerón D. , Barricarte Aurelio , Chamosa Saioa , Ericson Ulrica , Sonestedt Emily , Nilsson Lena Maria , Idahl Annika , Khaw Kay-Tee , Wareham Nicholas , Travis Ruth C. , Rinaldi Sabina , Romieu Isabelle , Patel Chirag J. , Riboli Elio , Gunter Marc J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractData on the role of dietary factors in endometrial cancer development are limited and inconsistent. We applied a “nutrient-wide association study” approach to systematically evaluate dietary risk associations for endometrial cancer while controlling for multiple hypothesis tests using the false discovery rate (FDR) and validating the results in an independent cohort. We evaluated endometrial cancer risk associations for dietary intake of 84 foods and nutrients based on dietary questionnaires in three prospective studies, the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC; N = 1,303 cases) followed by validation of nine foods/nutrients (FDR ≤ 0.10) in the Nurses' Health Studies (NHS/NHSII; N = 1,531 cases). Cox regression models were used to estimate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI). In multivariate adjusted comparisons of the extreme categories of intake at baseline, coffee was inversely associated with endometrial cancer risk (EPIC, median intake 750 g/day vs. 8.6; HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.68–0.97, Ptrend = 0.09; NHS/NHSII, median intake 1067 g/day vs. none; HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.70–0.96, Ptrend = 0.04). Eight other dietary factors that were associated with endometrial cancer risk in the EPIC study (total fat, monounsaturated fat, carbohydrates, phosphorus, butter, yogurt, cheese, and potatoes) were not confirmed in the NHS/NHSII. Our findings suggest that coffee intake may be inversely associated with endometrial cancer risk. Further data are needed to confirm these findings and to examine the mechanisms linking coffee intake to endometrial cancer risk to develop improved prevention strategies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(2); 466–71. ©2015 AACR.
Improved Innate Immune Responses by Frondanol A5, a Sea Cucumber Extract, Prevent Intestinal Tumorigenesis
Authors: Janakiram Naveena B. , Mohammed Altaf , Bryant Taylor , Lightfoot Stan , Collin Peter D. , Steele Vernon E. , Rao Chinthalapally V. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Sea cucumbers are a source of antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer compounds. We show that sea cucumber extract Frondanol A5 is capable of enhancing innate immune responses and inhibiting intestinal tumors in APCMin/+ mice. APCMin/+ mice were fed semi-purified diets containing 0, 250, or 500 ppm FrondanolA5 for 14 weeks before we assessed intestinal tumor inhibition. Dietary Frondanol A5 suppressed small intestinal polyp sizes and formation up to 30% (P &lt; 0.02) in males and up to 50% (P &lt; 0.01) in females. Importantly, 250 and 500 ppm Frondanol A5 diet suppressed colon tumor multiplicities by 65% (P &lt; 0.007) and 75% (P &lt; 0.0001), compared with untreated male APCMin/+ mice. In female APCMin/+ mice, both dose levels of Frondanol A5 suppressed colon tumor multiplicities up to 80% (P &lt; 0.0001). Isolated peritoneal macrophages from treated mice showed increased phagocytosis efficiency (control 24% vs. treated 50%; P &lt; 0.01) and an increase in GILT mRNA expression, indicating increased innate immune responses by these cells in treated animals. Similarly, we observed an increase in GILT expression in treated tumors, compared with untreated tumors. Furthermore, an increase in G-CSF cytokine, a decrease in inflammatory cytokines and marker 5-LOX, its regulator FLAP, proliferation (PCNA), and angiogenesis (VEGF) markers were observed in treatment groups. These data suggest that Frondanol A5 decreased inflammatory angiogenic molecules and increased GILT expression and macrophage phagocytosis. These decreases may have improved the innate immune systems of the treated mice, thus aiding in inhibition of intestinal tumor formation. These results suggest that Frondanol A5 exhibits significant chemopreventive potential against intestinal tumorigenesis. Cancer Prev Res; 8(4); 327–37. ©2015 AACR.
Dissecting the Roles of MicroRNAs in Coronary Heart Disease via Integrative Genomic Analyses
Authors: Huan Tianxiao , Rong Jian , Tanriverdi Kahraman , Meng Qingying , Bhattacharya Anindya , McManus David D. , Joehanes Roby , Assimes Themistocles L. , McPherson Ruth , Samani Nilesh J. , Erdmann Jeanette , Schunkert Heribert ,   Coronary ARteryDIsease Genome wide Replication and Meta-analysis (CARDIoGRAM) Consortium, Courchesne Paul , Munson Peter J. , Johnson Andrew D. , O’Donnell Christopher J. , Zhang Bin , Larson Martin G. , Freedman Jane E. , Levy Daniel , Yang Xia 
Published: February 2015

Objective—
The roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in coronary heart disease (CHD) have not been well characterized. This study sought to systematically characterize the complex genomic architecture of CHD by integrating whole blood miRNA and mRNA expression with genetic variation in 186 CHD cases and 186 controls.

Approach and Results—

At false discovery rate <0.2, 15 miRNAs were differentially expressed between CHD cases and controls. To explore regulatory mechanisms, we integrated miRNA and mRNA expression with genome-wide genotype data to investigate miRNA and mRNA associations and relationships of genetic variation with miRNAs. We identified a large number of correlated miRNA–mRNA pairs and genetic loci that seem to regulate miRNA levels. Subsequently, we explored the relationships of these complex molecular associations with CHD status. We identified a large difference in miRNA–mRNA associations between CHD cases and controls, as demonstrated by a significantly higher proportion of inversely correlated miRNA–mRNA pairs in cases versus controls (80% versus 30%;
P
<1×10
−16
), suggesting a genome-wide shift in the regulatory structure of the transcriptome in CHD. The differentially coexpressed miRNA–mRNA pairs showed enrichment for CHD risk genetic variants affecting both miRNA and mRNA expression levels, implicating a putatively causal role in CHD. Furthermore, 3 miRNAs (miR-1275, miR-365a-3p, and miR-150-5p) were associated with an mRNA coexpression module that was causally linked to CHD and reflected the dysregulation of B-cell centered immune function.

Conclusions—
Our results provide novel evidence that miRNAs are important regulators of biological processes involved in CHD via genetic control and via their tight coexpression with mRNAs.