bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meeting Individual Analyst Expectations
Authors: Kirk Marcus P. , Reppenhagen David A. , Tucker Jennifer Wu 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT
The expectations management literature has so far focused on firms meeting the analyst consensus forecast—the expectations of analysts as a group—at earnings announcements. In this study we argue that investors may use individual analyst forecasts as additional benchmarks in evaluating reported earnings because the consensus forecast underutilizes private information contained in individual analyst forecasts. We predict that measures reflecting such private information have incremental explanatory power over the consensus forecast for the market's reaction to earnings news. We find results consistent with this prediction by examining two measures: (1) the percentage of individual forecasts met and (2) meeting the key analyst forecast. We extend the literature by documenting the role of individual analyst forecasts in investors' evaluations of reported earnings.
JEL Classifications: G10; G11; G17; G14; G24.
Data Availability: Data are publicly available from the sources identified in the paper.
Preparation of selectively protected protoescigenin derivatives for synthesis of escin analogs and neoglycoconjugates
Authors: Jatczak Kamil , Gruza Mariusz , Filip Katarzyna , Cmoch Piotr , Grynkiewicz Grzegorz 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Protoescigenin, the main aglycone of horse chestnut saponin mixture known as escin, was selected as substrate for exploratory chemistry towards selective protection, followed by propargyl ether formation and subsequent condensation with azido-monosaccharides, to obtain novel triazole linked conjugates of the triterpene.
High-Resolution Spectroscopy of the Hayabusa Reentry Using a Fabry–Perot Interferometer
Authors: Löhle Stefan , Jenniskens Peter 
Published: June 2014

Spectroscopic observations of the Hayabusa reentry are presented as obtained by an instrument combining Fabry–Perot interferometry and classical optical emission spectroscopy. The instrument was deployed onboard NASA’s DC-8 airborne laboratory as part of the Hayabusa Reentry Airborne Observation Campaign led by NASA, in close collaboration with Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. The covered wavelength range in the low-resolution mode is from 738.4 to 852.1 nm with the aim to acquire simultaneously the neutral atomic oxygen triplets at 777 and 844 nm and the nitrogen lines at 746 and 821 nm. The high-resolution mode reaches a wavelength resolution of [Formula: see text]. The intention of this instrument was to measure the translational temperature of the neutral atoms in the plasma flow ahead of the Hayabusa capsule. Air plasma emissions were detected at high resolution, but not at high enough signal to noise to measure the linewidth with sufficient accuracy. As expected, the measurements demonstrate the absence of significant pressure broadening in the lines compared with plasma wind-tunnel conditions.
Noise Source Identification During Rocket Engine Test Firings and a Rocket Launch
Authors: Panda J. , Mosher R. N. , Porter B. J. 
Published: June 2014

A 70 microphone, [Formula: see text], microphone phased array was built for use in the harsh environment of rocket launches. The array was set up at NASA Wallops launch pad 0A during a static-test firing of Orbital Sciences’ Antares engines and again during the first launch of the Antares vehicle. It was placed 400 ft away from the pad and was hoisted on a scissor lift 40 ft above ground. The data sets provided unprecedented insight into rocket noise sources. The duct exit was found to be the primary source during the static-test firing; the large amount of water injected beneath the nozzle exit and inside the plume duct quenched all other sources. The maps of the noise sources during launch were found to be time dependent. As the engines came to full power and became louder, the primary source switched from the duct inlet to the duct exit. Further elevation of the vehicle caused spilling of the hot plume, resulting in a distributed noise map covering most of the pad. As the entire plume emerged from the duct, and the on-deck water system came to full power, the plume itself became the loudest noise source. These maps of the noise sources provide vital insight for optimization of sound suppression systems for future Antares launches.
Effect of Therapeutic Aquatic Exercise on Symptoms and Function Associated With Lower Limb Osteoarthritis: Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis
Authors: Waller Benjamin , Ogonowska-Slodownik Anna , Vitor Manuel , Lambeck Johan , Daly Daniel , Kujala Urho M. , Heinonen Ari 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundCurrent management of osteoarthritis (OA) focuses on pain control and maintaining physical function through pharmacological, nonpharmacological, and surgical treatments. Exercise, including therapeutic aquatic exercise (TAE), is considered one of the most important management options. Nevertheless, there is no up-to-date systematic review describing the effect of TAE on symptoms and function associated with lower limb OA.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis to determine the effect of TAE on symptoms and function associated with lower limb OA.Data SourcesThe data sources used in this study were: MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PEDro, and SPORTDiscus.Study SelectionAll studies selected for review were randomized controlled trials with an aquatic exercise group and a nontreatment control group. In total, 11 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the synthesis and meta-analysis.Data ExtractionData were extracted and checked for accuracy by 3 independent reviewers.Data SynthesisStandardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was calculated for all outcomes. The meta-analysis showed a significant TAE effect on pain (SMD=0.26 [95% CI=0.11, 0.41]), self-reported function (SMD=0.30 [95% CI=0.18, 0.43]), and physical functioning (SMD=0.22 [95% CI=0.07, 0.38]). Additionally, a significant effect was seen on stiffness (SMD=0.20 [95% CI=0.03, 0.36]) and quality of life (SMD=0.24 [95% CI=0.04, 0.45]).LimitationsHeterogeneity of outcome measures and small sample sizes for many of the included trials imply that conclusions based on these results should be made with caution.ConclusionsThe results indicate that TAE is effective in managing symptoms associated with lower limb OA.
Stepping Asymmetry Among Individuals With Unilateral Transtibial Limb Loss Might Be Functional in Terms of Gait Stability
Authors: Hak Laura , van Dieën Jaap H. , van der Wurff Peter , Houdijk Han 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundThe asymmetry in step length in prosthetic gait is often seen as a detrimental effect of the impairment; however, this asymmetry also might be a functional compensation. An advantage of a smaller step length of the nonprosthetic leg, and specifically foot forward placement (FFP), might be that it will bring the center of mass closer to the base of support of the leading foot and thus increase the backward margin of stability (BW MoS).ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to characterize differences in step length, FFP, and the concomitant difference in BW MoS between steps of the prosthetic and nonprosthetic legs (referred to as prosthetic and nonprosthetic steps, respectively) of people after transtibial amputation.DesignThis was an observational and cross-sectional study.MethodsTen people after transtibial amputation walked for 4 minutes on a self-paced treadmill. Step length and FFP were calculated at initial contact. The size of the BW MoS was calculated for the moment of initial contact and at the end of the double-support phase of gait.ResultsStep length (5.4%) and FFP (7.9%) were shorter for the nonprosthetic step than for the prosthetic step. The BW MoS at initial contact was larger for the nonprosthetic step, but because of a significant leg × gait event interaction effect, BW MoS did not differ significantly at the end of the double-support phase.LimitationsAll participants were relatively good walkers (score of E on the Special Interest Group in Amputee Medicine [SIGAM] scale).ConclusionsThe smaller step length and FFP of the nonprosthetic step help to create a larger BW MoS at initial contact for the nonprosthetic step compared with the prosthetic step. Hence, step length asymmetry in people after transtibial amputation might be seen as a functional compensation to preserve BW MoS during the double-support phase to cope with the limited push-off power of the prosthetic ankle.
Perioperative outcomes, complications, and costs associated with lumbar spinal fusion in older patients with spinal stenosis and spondylolisthesis
Authors: Ong Kevin L. , Auerbach Joshua D. , Lau Edmund , Schmier Jordana , Ochoa Jorge A. 
Published: June 2014

Object
The purpose of this study was to quantify the perioperative outcomes, complications, and costs associated with posterolateral spinal fusion (PSF) among Medicare enrollees with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) and/or spondylolisthesis by using a national Medicare claims database.

Methods
A 5% systematic sample of Medicare claims data (2005–2009) was used to identify outcomes in patients who had undergone PSF for a diagnosis of LSS and/or spondylolisthesis. Patients eligible for study inclusion also required a minimum of 2 years of follow-up and a claim history of at least 12 months prior to surgery.

Results
A final cohort of 1672 patients was eligible for analysis. Approximately half (50.7%) had LSS only, 10.2% had spondylolisthesis only, and 39.1% had both LSS and spondylolisthesis. The average age was 71.4 years, and the average length of stay was 4.6 days. At 3 months and 1 and 2 years postoperatively, the incidence of spine reoperation was 10.9%, 13.3%, and 16.9%, respectively, whereas readmissions for complications occurred in 11.1%, 17.5%, and 24.9% of cases, respectively. At 2 years postoperatively, 36.2% of patients had either undergone spine reoperation and/or received an epidural injection. The average Medicare payment was $36,230 ± $17,020, $46,840 ± $31,350, and $61,610 ± $46,580 at 3 months, 1 year, and 2 years after surgery, respectively.

Conclusions
The data showed that 1 in 6 elderly patients treated with PSF for LSS or spondylolisthesis underwent reoperation on the spine within 2 years of surgery, and nearly 1 in 4 patients was readmitted for a surgery-related complication. These data highlight several potential areas in which improvements may be made in the effective delivery and cost of surgical care for patients with spinal stenosis and spondylolisthesis.
Cost-effectiveness analysis in minimally invasive spine surgery
Authors: Al-Khouja Lutfi T. , Baron Eli M. , Johnson J. Patrick , Kim Terrence T. , Drazin Doniel 
Published: June 2014

Object
Medical care has been evolving with the increased influence of a value-based health care system. As a result, more emphasis is being placed on ensuring cost-effectiveness and utility in the services provided to patients. This study looks at this development in respect to minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS) costs.

Methods
A literature review using PubMed, the Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) Registry, and the National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database (NHS EED) was performed. Papers were included in the study if they reported costs associated with minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS). If there was no mention of cost, CEA, cost-utility analysis (CUA), quality-adjusted life year (QALY), quality, or outcomes mentioned, then the article was excluded.

Results
Fourteen studies reporting costs associated with MISS in 12,425 patients (3675 undergoing minimally invasive procedures and 8750 undergoing open procedures) were identified through PubMed, the CEA Registry, and NHS EED. The percent cost difference between minimally invasive and open approaches ranged from 2.54% to 33.68%—all indicating cost saving with a minimally invasive surgical approach. Average length of stay (LOS) for minimally invasive surgery ranged from 0.93 days to 5.1 days compared with 1.53 days to 12 days for an open approach. All studies reporting EBL reported lower volume loss in an MISS approach (range 10–392.5 ml) than in an open approach (range 55–535.5 ml).

Conclusions
There are currently an insufficient number of studies published reporting the costs of MISS. Of the studies published, none have followed a standardized method of reporting and analyzing cost data. Preliminary findings analyzing the 14 studies showed both cost saving and better outcomes in MISS compared with an open approach. However, more Level I CEA/CUA studies including cost/QALY evaluations with specifics of the techniques utilized need to be reported in a standardized manner to make more accurate conclusions on the cost effectiveness of minimally invasive spine surgery.
Teriparatide increases the insertional torque of pedicle screws during fusion surgery in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis
Authors: Inoue Gen , Ueno Masaki , Nakazawa Toshiyuki , Imura Takayuki , Saito Wataru , Uchida Kentaro , Ohtori Seiji , Toyone Tomoaki , Takahira Naonobu , Takaso Masashi 
Published: June 2014

Object
The object of this study was to examine the efficacy of preoperative teriparatide treatment for increasing the insertional torque of pedicle screws during fusion surgery in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.

Methods
Fusion surgery for the thoracic and/or lumbar spine was performed in 29 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis aged 65–82 years (mean 72.2 years). The patients were divided into 2 groups based on whether they were treated with teriparatide (n = 13) or not (n = 16) before the surgery. In the teriparatide-treated group, patients received preoperative teriparatide therapy as either a daily (20 μg/day, n = 7) or a weekly (56.5 μg/week, n = 6) injection for a mean of 61.4 days and a minimum of 31 days. During surgery, the insertional torque was measured in 212 screws inserted from T-7 to L-5 and compared between the 2 groups. The correlation between the insertional torque and the duration of preoperative teriparatide treatment was also investigated.

Results
The mean insertional torque value in the teriparatide group was 1.28 ± 0.42 Nm, which was significantly higher than in the control group (1.08 ± 0.52 Nm, p < 0.01). There was no significant difference between the daily and the weekly teriparatide groups with respect to mean insertional torque value (1.34 ± 0.50 Nm and 1.18 ± 0.43 Nm, respectively, p = 0.07). There was negligible correlation between insertional torque and duration of preoperative teriparatide treatment (r2 = 0.05, p < 0.01).

Conclusions
Teriparatide injections beginning at least 1 month prior to surgery were effective in increasing the insertional torque of pedicle screws during surgery in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Preoperative teriparatide treatment might be an option for maximizing the purchase of the pedicle screws to the bone at the time of fusion surgery.
Semi Automated Transformation to OWL Formatted Files as an Approach to Data Integration
Authors: Taweel A. , Miles S. , Kovalchuk Y. , Spiridou A. , Barratt B. , Hoang U. , Crichton S. , Delaney B. C. , Wolfe C. , Liang S. F. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryIntroduction: This article is part of the Focus Theme of Methods of Information in Medicine on “Managing Interoperability and Complexity in Health Systems”.Background: Data heterogeneity is one of the critical problems in analysing, reusing, sharing or linking datasets. Metadata, whilst adding semantic description to data, adds an additional layer of complexity in the heterogeneity of metadata descriptors themselves. This can be managed by using a predefined model to extract the metadata, but this can reduce the richness of the data extracted.Objectives: to link the South London Stroke Register (SLSR), the London Air Pollution toolkit (LAP) and the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) while transforming data into the Web Ontology Language (OWL) format.Methods: We used a four-step transformation approach to prepare meta-descriptions, convert data, generate and update meta-classes and generate OWL files. We validated the correctness of the transformed OWL files by issuing queries and assessing results against the original source data.Results: We have transformed SLSR LAP and CPRD into OWL format. The linked SLSR and CPRD OWL file contains 3644 male and 3551 female patients. The linked SLSR and LAP OWL file shows that there are 17 out of 35 outward postcode areas, where no overlapping data can support further analysis between SLSR and LAP.Conclusions: Our approach generated a resultant set of transformed OWL formatted files, which are in a query-able format to run individual queries, or can be easily converted into other more suitable formats for further analysis, and the transformation was faithful with no loss or anomalies. Our results have shown that the proposed method provides a promising general approach to address data heterogeneity.
Extraction of Cochlear Non-linearities with the Bispectral Analysis
Authors: Chiaramello E. , Moriconi S. , Tognola G. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryObjectives: Transient Otoacoustic Emission (TEOAEs) are low intensity sounds generated by active mechanisms in the cochlea and elicited by broadband and short acoustic stimuli. TEOAEs are a quick, non-invasive, and very reliable measure to objectively assess the peripheral auditory system. In the current study, we present a recent technique to extract and evaluate non-linearities in TEOAEs, and apply it for the preliminary analysis of TEOAE recordings of a group of worker of a fiberglass manufacturing facility exposed to styrene solvent.Methods: Bispectral analysis was applied to TEOAEs to extract the quadratic frequency couplings (QFCs) in TEOAEs. Amplitude of QFCs was calculated in a group of 7 styrene-exposed workers (14 ears) and compared with normative results obtained on normal hearing young adults.Results: Difference in amplitude of QFCs were found between workers and controls. In workers, TEOAE non-linear components were found in the 1.5 – 4 kHz frequency range, whereas in control subjects they were found in a lower frequency region, ranging from 1 to 3 kHz.Conclusion: The amplitude of QFCs highlighted differences in TEOAEs recorded among workers and controls.
Memorandum on the Use of Information Technology to Improve Medication Safety
Authors: Aly A.-F. , Bürkle T. , Christ P. , Dormann H. , Friesdorf W. , Haas C. , Haefeli W. E. , Jeske M. , Kaltschmidt J. , Menges K. , Möller H. , Neubert A. , Rascher W. , Reichert H. , Schuler J. , Schreier G. , Schulz S. , Seidling H. M. , Stühlinger W. , Criegee-Rieck M. , Ammenwerth E. 
Published: June 2014

Summary
Background: Information technology in health care has a clear potential to improve the quality and efficiency of health care, especially in the area of medication processes. On the other hand, existing studies show possible adverse effects on patient safety when IT for medication-related processes is developed, introduced or used inappropriately.
Objectives: To summarize definitions and observations on IT usage in pharmacotherapy and to derive recommendations and future research priorities for decision makers and domain experts.
Methods: This memorandum was developed in a consensus-based iterative process that included workshops and e-mail discussions among 21 experts coordinated by the Drug Information Systems Working Group of the German Society for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (GMDS).
Results: The recommendations address, among other things, a stepwise and comprehensive strategy for IT usage in medication processes, the integration of contextual information for alert generation, the involvement of patients, the semantic integration of information resources, usability and adaptability of IT solutions, and the need for their continuous evaluation.
Conclusion: Information technology can help to improve medication safety. However, challenges remain regarding access to information, quality of information, and measurable benefits.
Development of Criteria to Distinguish Inflammatory from Noninflammatory Arthritis, Enthesitis, Dactylitis, and Spondylitis: A Report from the GRAPPA 2013 Annual Meeting
Authors: Mease Philip J. , Garg Amit , Helliwell Philip S. , Park Jane J. , Gladman Dafna D. 
Published: June 2014

Objective.To describe a research project to develop simple clinical criteria to aid in the identification of inflammatory arthritis, enthesitis, dactylitis, and spondylitis and distinguish these from non-inflammatory conditions. The criteria are particularly intended to aid non-rheumatologists, e.g., dermatologists, who need assistance identifying psoriatic arthritis in patients with psoriasis, but may be useful to all clinicians in properly diagnosing rheumatologic conditions.Methods.The proposed research methodology includes the use of a nominal group exercise among expert clinicians and patient focus groups, Delphi exercises among clinicians and patients, application of criteria test sets to a small group of representative patients with inflammatory and non-inflammatory musculoskeletal conditions, and validation by application of optimal criteria sets to large groups of patients with inflammatory and noninflammatory conditions.Results.Examples of elements to describe inflammatory conditions derived from a nominal group exercise conducted at the 2013 GRAPPA annual meeting are described, along with planned project activities.Conclusion.This project will lead to the development of practical criteria to aid in the diagnosis and appropriate clinical care of patients with chronic inflammatory musculoskeletal conditions.
Ce qu’écouter veut dire
Authors: Longchamp Philippe 
Published: June 2014

Issu d’une enquête ethnographique sur l’activité des infirmières scolaires à Genève, cet article aborde la question des normes sociales qu’implique la figure du « patient contemporain », et les conséquences qu’entraîne l’imposition de ces normes à des enfants de différentes origines sociales. Modalité d’intervention privilégiée par les infirmières scolaires et visant à placer l’enfant « au centre » de l’interaction, l’« écoute » se heurte ainsi aux inégales prédispositions autonarratives des enfants et se révèle particulièrement inadaptée pour ceux issus des classes populaires. Idéalisé dans les discours, le binôme composé d’une "infirmière disponible" et d’un "enfant autonome" n’opère alors que sous certaines conditions sociales que cet article vise à expliciter.
Du pareil au même ? Figures du patient américain du New Deal au Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (2010)
Authors: Fauquert Elisabeth 
Published: June 2014

Malgré son hétérogénéité caractéristique, le statut de « patient » aux États-Unis a profondément changé depuis 1945. Les patients américains ont endossé différents rôles dans la société, tour à tour passifs, contestataires, autonomes, consommateurs et responsables. Des groupes de patients se sont émancipés en contestant les inégalités socio-économiques et l’impératif de passivité inscrits dans la relation médecin-patient. Si cette prise d’autonomie (empowerment) a rééquilibré le rapport de force entre patients et médecins américains, le cadre dans lequel cette relation est intervenue et la logique exclusive du système n'ont pas profondément été remis en question. Le statut de « patient » s'en est trouvé fragilisé, et a été redéfini au gré de l’alternance démocratique et idéologique. Les débats qui ont présidé à l’adoption du Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (2010) montrent la difficulté de réconcilier l’émancipation du patient américain avec l’héritage néolibéral.
Le Japon selon Chris Marker
Authors: Koide Emi 
Published: June 2014

Cet article propose de réfléchir sur le statut du Japon, en tant que territoire où se croisent la mémoire, l’imaginaire, le temps et l’espace – lieu de l’Altérité et du dépaysement – dans les œuvres de Marker, notamment : Le mystère Koumiko (1965), Sans Soleil (1982), Le Dépays (1982), Level Five (1997). Il s’agit d’analyser comment ces œuvres nous donnent une vision du Japon de l’après-guerre, affligé d’une amnésie collective et par la présence des images médiatiques.