bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The possibility of lifestyle and biological risk markers to predict morbidity and mortality in a cohort of young men after 26 years follow-up
Authors: Persson Lars-Göran , Lingfors Hans , Nilsson Mats , Mölstad Sigvard 
Published: May 2015

ObjectivesTo study the association between lifestyle and biological risk markers measured at one occasion, morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer, and morbidity from diabetes approximately 26 years later.DesignA follow-up study of a cohort of men, 33–42 years old at baseline.SettingPrimary healthcare centre in Sweden.ParticipantsAll 757 men, living in the community of Habo in Sweden in 1985, and all 652 of these participating in a health examination in 1985–1987.InterventionsHealth profile and a health dialogue with a nurse. A doctor invited the high-risk group to further dialogue and examination. Intervention programmes were carried out in the primary healthcare centre and in cooperation with local associations.Main outcome measuresCVD and cancer diagnoses from the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare. Data from pharmacy registers of sold drugs concerning diabetes mellitus.ResultsThe participants were divided in three groups based on summarised risk points from lifestyle (smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption) and biological risk markers (body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, serum cholesterol) selected from the health profile. Comparisons were done between these groups. The group with the lowest summarised total risk points had a significantly lower risk for CVD and cancer compared with the group with the highest summarised risk points. The group with the lowest risk points concerning lifestyle had a significantly lower risk for CVD, and the group with lowest risk points for biological risk markers had a significantly lower risk for both CVD and cancer compared with the groups with the highest risk points. Smoking and serum cholesterol were the most important risk factors. In association to diabetes, BMI and smoking were the most important risk factors.ConclusionsRisk factors measured on one occasion seemed to be able to predict CVD, cancer and diabetes 26 years later.
Are two youth-focused interventions sufficient to empower youth with chronic health conditions in their transition to adult healthcare: a mixed-methods longitudinal prospective cohort study
Authors: Gorter Jan Willem , Stewart Deb , Cohen Eyal , Hlyva Oksana , Morrison Andrea , Galuppi Barb , Nguyen Tram , Amaria Khush , Punthakee Zubin 
Published: May 2015

ObjectivesTo assess use, utility and impact of transition interventions designed to support and empower self-management in youth with chronic health conditions during transition into adult healthcare.DesignA 4-year mixed-method prospective cohort study.Setting2 academic paediatric hospitals (13 clinics) in Canada.Participants50 adolescents (42% male; mean age 17.9±0.9 years; 20 underlying diagnoses) with transfer to adult care planned within 1 year.InterventionsThe Youth KIT (an organisational tool that includes goal setting activities); an online transition mentor.Main outcome measuresFrequency of use, utility and impact of the transition interventions; goal achievement; post-transfer qualitative interviews with youth.Results50 participants were enrolled during their last year of paediatric care; 36 (72%) were followed into adult care. All participants had access to the transition interventions from enrolment until the end of the study (exposure time: 12–47 months). Most youth (85%) reported using the medical/health section of the Youth KIT at least once; 20 (40%) participants engaged in chats with the mentor. The overall perceived utility of both interventions was modest; the Youth KIT received the highest ratings for ‘help with goal setting’: (mean (SD): 4.2 (2.3)) on a 7-point Likert scale. 45 (90%) participants set 294 transition goals. Goal achievement performance and satisfaction increased over time (p≤0.001). The qualitative evidence revealed reasons behind the variability in use and utility of the interventions, the interconnectedness of life-course and healthcare transitions, and the need for stronger partnerships between paediatric and adult healthcare systems.ConclusionsParticipants’ perceptions about the utility of the Youth KIT and the online mentor were modest. Transition supports need to be carefully tailored, timed and integrated into healthcare systems. Individualised goal setting may be an important ‘active ingredient’ in optimising transition supports and outcomes. Interventions that focus on youth only are insufficient for empowering self-management.
Patients with overlap autoimmune disease differ from those with ‘pure’ disease
Authors: Lockshin Michael D , Levine Alana B , Erkan Doruk 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveTo determine frequency, demographic and treatment characteristics of patients with an overlapping second autoimmune illness (2nd AI).MethodsWe analysed two cohorts containing 897 patients with ‘pure’ systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Sjögren's syndrome or antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and 424 patients with one of these diagnoses plus at least one 2nd AI.ResultsA 2nd AI occurred in 38% of all patients diagnosed as having SLE (with or without a 2nd AI), 30% with RA, 52% with Sjögren's syndrome and 43% with APS. Compared to those without 2nd AI, patients with 2nd AI differ in age, sex, race and treatment at last visit.IntepretationThese differences may have important implications for understanding treatments, outcomes and mechanisms of SLE and related diseases.
The Trevo XP 3×20 mm retriever (‘Baby Trevo’) for the treatment of distal intracranial occlusions
Authors: Haussen Diogo C , Lima Andrey , Nogueira Raul G 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveTo report our single-center initial experience using the Trevo XP ProVue Retriever 3×20 mm (‘Baby Trevo’) for distal intracranial occlusions.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of our interventional database for consecutive patients who underwent treatment for acute ischemic stroke with the Baby Trevo device between February and December 2014.ResultsOf 134 patients treated during the study period, 8 underwent treatment with the Baby Trevo for distal occlusions. Their mean age was 51±20 years, 5 (62.5%) were male, mean baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale was 19±5. The mean interval between the time the patient was last-known normal to groin puncture was 527±285 min, and the overall procedural length was 110±26 min. Intra-arterial tissue plasminogen activator was used in 5 (62.5%) cases. The device was used for a total of 10 branches: five middle cerebral artery (four superior M3 and one inferior M3), three anterior cerebral arteries (two pericallosal and one callosomarginal), and two posterior cerebral arteries (one P2 and one P3) occlusions. All patients achieved complete recanalization of the artery targeted by the Baby Trevo (arterial occlusive lesion 3). Good capillary reperfusion (TICI 2b–3) was noted in 6 (75%) cases. One pass was performed in 7 vessels and 2 passes in three branches. Vasospasm was noted in 5 (62.5%) of the vessels and fully responded to intra-arterial vasodilator infusion. Follow-up MRI revealed no infarct within the territory vascularized by the artery targeted by the Baby Trevo in 4 cases, partial infarct in 5, and complete infarct in 1. Two patients had parenchymal hematomas (one PH1 and one PH2). No vessel perforations, dissections, or subarachnoid hemorrhage were noted.ConclusionsOur initial data suggest that treatment of distal cerebrovascular occlusions with the Trevo XP 3×20 mm Retriever is feasible. Although this device emerges as a promising technology for small and tortuous distal intracranial vessels, larger studies are still necessary to establish its safety and clinical benefit.
Mechanical dyssynchrony is additive to ECG criteria and independently associated with reverse remodelling and clinical response to cardiac resynchronisation therapy in patients with advanced heart failure
Authors: Bank Alan J , Gage Ryan M , Marek Josef J , Onishi Toshinari , Burns Kevin V , Schwartzman David , Saba Samir , Gorcsan John 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundQRS duration and morphology are known established predictors of cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) response, whereas mechanical dyssynchrony is not. Our aim was to determine if mechanical dyssynchrony provides independent prognostic information on CRT response.MethodsWe studied 369 consecutive patients with heart failure (HF) with low ejection fraction (EF) and widened QRS receiving CRT. Radial dyssynchrony (septal-posterior radial peak strain delay ≥130 ms by speckle tracking) assessment was possible in 318 patients (86%). Associations with left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) changes were examined using linear regression, and clinical outcomes analysed using Cox regression adjusted for multiple established outcome correlates.ResultsPatients with radial dyssynchrony before CRT (64%) had greater improvements in EF (8.8±9.4 vs 6.1±9.7 units, p=0.04) and LVESV (−30±41 vs −10±30 mL, p<0.01). Radial dyssynchrony was independently associated with reduction in LVESV (regression coefficient −10.5 mL, 95% CI −20.5 to −0.5, p=0.040) as was left bundle-branch block (−17.7 mL, −27.6 to −7.7, p=0.001). Patients with radial dyssynchrony had a 46% lower incidence of death, transplant or implantation of a left ventricular assist device (adjusted HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.92, p=0.02) and a 39% lower incidence of death or HF hospitalisation (0.61, 0.40 to 0.93, p=0.02) over 2 years.ConclusionsRadial dyssynchrony was associated with significant improvements in LVESV and clinical outcomes following CRT and is independent of QRS duration or morphology, and additive to current ECG selection criteria to predict response to CRT.
Clinical profile of childhood-onset psoriasis and prevalence of HLA-Cw6: a hospital-based study from India
Authors: Sathishkumar Dharshini , George Renu , Daniel Dolly , Peter John Victor 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

Background
Childhood-onset psoriasis (COP), a distinct clinical entity, may be associated with HLA-Cw6 positivity and metabolic and cardiovascular complications. There is some evidence that HLA-Cw6 positivity is associated with more extensive or severe disease and that positivity is lower in Asian patients than in Caucasians. We describe the clinical profile, prevalence of the HLA-Cw6 allele, metabolic syndrome (MetS) and vitamin D deficiency in Indian patients with COP.

Methods
In this cross-sectional hospital-based study over 15 months (June 2010–August 2011), 108 consecutive patients with disease onset ≤16 years were enrolled. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected. Patients were categorised as children with COP (CCOP; n=69) or adults with COP (ACOP; n=39). Disease severity was assessed using body surface area (BSA) involved and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score.

Results
The most common morphological type was chronic plaque psoriasis; follicular psoriasis was seen only in children. Adults with disease onset in childhood, when compared with CCOP, had later disease onset (11.0±4.0 vs 6.9±3.8 (mean±SD) years; p&lt;0.0001) of greater severity (p=0.021) based on BSA involved. PASI scores were, however, similar in ACOP and CCOP. Body mass index was not associated with disease severity. Of the 83 who underwent HLA-C typing, 46 (55.4%) were positive; positivity was associated with guttate lesions (p=0.031), scalp involvement (p=0.004), greater BSA involvement (p=0.002) and higher PASI scores (p=0.013). Vitamin D deficiency, obesity and MetS were present in 77.4%, 10.7% and 14.5% of patients, respectively.

Conclusions
Among Indian patients, CCOP have earlier disease onset than ACOP. HLA-Cw6 was associated with guttate psoriasis, scalp involvement and disease severity. Vitamin D deficiency was common.
Repellent effect of topical deltamethrin on blood feeding by Culicoides on horses
Authors: Robin M. , Archer D. , McGowan C. , Garros C. , Gardès L. , Baylis M. 
Published: May 2015

African horse sickness (AHS) is a vectorborne disease spread by Culicoides biting midges. The UK's Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs currently suggests using topical deltamethrin for AHS control; however, no data are available regarding its efficacy in the horse. The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of topical deltamethrin on blood feeding by Culicoides on horses and to investigate which Culicoides species blood fed on horses. Three pairs of horses were placed in partially enclosed cages that allowed samples representing the Culicoides interacting with individual horses to be sampled. Four data collection sessions were completed before one horse from each pair was topically treated with 10 ml of 1 per cent deltamethrin solution and another four sessions were then carried out. Collected Culicoides were identified and each biting midge examined to see if it had blood fed. The most abundant species collected were C. chiopterus, C. dewulfi, C. obsoletus and C. scoticus (44.3 per cent) and either C. pulicaris or C. punctatus (34.7 per cent). These species were also more likely to have blood fed than other species, supporting their potential role as AHS vectors if the virus were to reach the UK. There was no significant effect of treatment on blood feeding by Culicoides. The results do not support the use of topical deltamethrin to prevent blood feeding by Culicoides on individual horses; however, the study does not investigate the effect that the widespread use of topical deltamethrin might have on vector numbers or disease transmission from viraemic individuals during an outbreak of AHS.
Strongly correlated flat-band systems: The route from Heisenberg spins to Hubbard electrons
Authors: Derzhko Oleg , Richter Johannes , Maksymenko Mykola 
Published: May 2015

On a large class of lattices (such as the sawtooth chain, the kagome and the pyrochlore lattices), the quantum Heisenberg and the repulsive Hubbard models may host a completely dispersionless (flat) energy band in the single-particle spectrum. The flat-band states can be viewed as completely localized within a finite volume (trap) of the lattice and allow for construction of many-particle states, roughly speaking, by occupying the traps with particles. If the flat-band happens to be the lowest-energy one, the manifold of such many-body states will often determine the ground-state and low-temperature physics of the models at hand even in the presence of strong interactions. The localized nature of these many-body states makes possible the mapping of this subset of eigenstates onto a corresponding classical hard-core system. As a result, the ground-state and low-temperature properties of the strongly correlated flat-band systems can be analyzed in detail using concepts and tools of classical statistical mechanics (e.g., classical lattice-gas approach or percolation approach), in contrast to more challenging quantum many-body techniques usually necessary to examine strongly correlated quantum systems. In this review, we recapitulate the basic features of the flat-band spin systems and briefly summarize earlier studies in the field. The main emphasis is made on recent developments which include results for both spin and electron flat-band models. In particular, for flat-band spin systems, we highlight field-driven phase transitions for frustrated quantum Heisenberg antiferromagnets at low temperatures, chiral flat-band states, as well as the effect of a slight dispersion of a previously strictly flat-band due to nonideal lattice geometry. For electronic systems, we discuss the universal low-temperature behavior of several flat-band Hubbard models, the emergence of ground-state ferromagnetism in the square-lattice Tasaki–Hubbard model and the related Pauli-correlated percolation problem, as well as the dispersion-driven ground-state ferromagnetism in flat-band Hubbard systems. Closely related studies and possible experimental realizations of the flat-band physics are also described briefly.
EGFR Mutations and Resistance to Irreversible Pyrimidine-Based EGFR Inhibitors
Authors: Ercan Dalia , Choi Hwan Geun , Yun Cai-Hong , Capelletti Marzia , Xie Ting , Eck Michael J. , Gray Nathanael S. , Jänne Pasi A. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Purpose: Mutant selective irreversible pyrimidine-based EGFR kinase inhibitors, including WZ4002, CO-1686, and AZD9291, are effective in preclinical models and in lung cancer patients harboring the EGFR T790M gefitinib/erlotinib resistance mutation. However, little is known about how cancers develop acquired resistance to this class of EGFR inhibitors. We sought to identify and study EGFR mutations that confer resistance to this class of agents.
Experimental Design: We performed an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis screen in EGFR-mutant (sensitizing alone or with concurrent EGFR T790M) Ba/F3 cells and selected drug-resistant clones. We evaluated the sensitivity of EGFR inhibitors in models harboring drug-resistant EGFR mutations.
Results: We identified 3 major drug resistance mutations. EGFR L718Q, L844V, and C797S cause resistance to both WZ4002 and CO-1686 while, in contrast, only EGFR C797S leads to AZD9291 resistance. Cells containing an EGFR-sensitizing mutation, Del 19 or L858R, in conjunction with L718Q, L844V, or C797S retain sensitivity to quinazoline-based EGFR inhibitors, gefitinib and afatinib. The C797S mutation, in the presence of Del 19 or L858R and T790M, causes resistance to all current EGFR inhibitors, but L858R/T790M/C797S remains partially sensitive to cetuximab which leads to disruption of EGFR dimerization.
Conclusions: Our findings provide insights into resistance mechanisms to irreversible pyrimidine-based EGFR inhibitors and identify specific genomic contexts in which sensitivity is retained to existing clinical EGFR inhibitors. These findings will guide the development of new strategies to inhibit EGFR. Clin Cancer Res; 21(17); 3913–23. ©2015 AACR.
See related commentary by Ayeni et al., p. 3818
Factor XIII-A dynamics in acute myocardial infarction: a novel prognostic biomarker?
Authors: Zeri Giulia , Orioli Elisa , Mari Rosella , Moratelli Stefano , Vigliano Marco , Marchesini Jlenia , Grossi Maria Elena , Pecoraro Alessandro , Cuneo Antonio , Ferrari Roberto , Pinotti Mirko , Serino Luisa M. , Ansani Lucia , Gemmati Donato 
Published: May 2015

SummaryAfter acute myocardial infarction (MI) the damaged heart has to be repaired. Factor XIII (FXIII) is considered a key molecule in promoting heart healing. FXIII deficiency was associated to cardiac rupture and anomalous remodelling in MI. During MI, FXIII contributes firstly to the intracoronary thrombus formation and shortly after to heal the myocardial lesion. To quantify the real contribution of FXIII in this process, and to explore its possible prognostic role, we monitored the FXIII-A subunit levels in 350 acute MI patients during the first six days (d0-d5) plus a control at 30–60 days (d30). A one-year follow-up was performed for all the patients. A transient drop in the FXIII-A mean level was noted in the whole cohort of patients (FXIII-Ad0 99.48 ± 30.5 vs FXIII-Ad5 76.51 ± 27.02; p< 0.0001). Interestingly, those who developed post-MI heart failure showed the highest drop (FXIII-Ad5 52.1 ± 25.2) and they already presented with low levels at recruitment. Similarly, those who died showed the same FXIII-A dynamic (FXIII-Ad5 54.0 ± 22.5). Conversely, patients who remained free of major adverse cardiac events, had lower consuming (FXIII-Ad0 103.6 ± 29.1 vs FXIII-Ad5 84.4 ± 24.5; p< 0.0001). Interestingly, the FXIII-A drop was independent from the amount of injury assessed by TnT and CKMB levels. The survival analysis ascribed an increased probability of early death or heart failure inversely related to FXIII-A quartiles (FXIII-A25th< 59.5 %; hazard ratio 4.25; 2.2–5.1; p< 0.0001). Different FXIII-A dynamics and levels could be utilised as early prognostic indicators during acute MI, revealing the individual potential to heal and suggesting tailored treatments to avoid heart failure or its extreme consequence.Note: This paper was presented in part at the 14th Congress of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Amsterdam, Netherlands, June 29 – July 24, 2013.
Identification of deep intronic variants in 15 haemophilia A patients by next generation sequencing of the whole factor VIII gene
Authors: Wolf Beat , Oldenburg Johannes , Müller Clemens , Rost Simone , Bach Elisa 
Published: May 2015

SummaryCurrent screening methods for factor VIII gene (F8) mutations can reveal the causative alteration in the vast majority of haemophilia A patients. Yet, standard diagnostic methods fail in about 2 % of cases. This study aimed at analysing the entire intronic sequences of the F8 gene in 15 haemophilia A patients by next generation sequencing. All patients had a mild to moderate phenotype and no mutation in the coding sequence and splice sites of the F8 gene could be diagnosed so far. Next generation sequencing data revealed 23 deep intronic candidate variants in several F8 introns, including six recurrent variants and three variants that have been described before. One patient additionally showed a deletion of 9.2 kb in intron 1, mediated by Alu-type repeats. Several bioinformatic tools were used to score the variants in comparison to known pathogenic F8 mutations in order to predict their deleteriousness. Pedigree analyses showed a correct segregation pattern for three of the presumptive mutations. In each of the 15 patients analysed, at least one deep intronic variant in the F8 gene was identified and predicted to alter F8 mRNA splicing. Reduced F8 mRNA levels and/or stability would be well compatible with the patients’ mild to moderate haemophilia A phenotypes. The next generation sequencing approach used proved an efficient method to screen the complete F8 gene and could be applied as a one-stop sequencing method for molecular diagnostics of haemophilia A.Note: The work was carried out at the Department of Human Genetics, University of Würzburg, Biocenter, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany. New
Acute phase treatment of VTE: Anticoagulation, including non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants
Authors: Hillis Christopher M. , Crowther Mark A. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThe acute phase of venous thromboembolism (VTE) treatment focuses on the prompt and safe initiation of full-dose anticoagulation to decrease morbidity and mortality. Immediate management consists of resuscitation, supportive care, and thrombolysis for patients with haemodynamically significant pulmonary embolism (PE) or limb-threatening deep-vein thrombosis (DVT). Patients with contraindications to anticoagulants are considered for vena cava filters. Disposition for the acute treatment of VTE is then considered based on published risk scores and the patient's social status, as the first seven days carries the highest risk for VTE recurrence, extension and bleeding due to anticoagulation. Next, a review of: immediate and long-term bleeding risk, comorbidities (i. e. active cancer, renal failure, obesity, thrombophilia), medications, patient preference, VTE location and potential for pregnancy should be undertaken. This will help determine the most suitable anticoagulant for immediate treatment. The non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs), including the factor Xa inhibitors apixaban, edoxaban and rivaroxaban as well as the directthrombin inhibitor dabigatran, are increasing the convenience of and options available for VTE treatment. Current options for immediate treatment include low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), unfractionated heparin (UFH), fondaparinux, apixaban, or rivaroxaban. LMWH or UFH may be continued as monotherapy or transitioned to treatment with a VKA, dabigatran or edoxaban. This review describes the upfront treatment of VTE and the evolving role of NOACs in the contemporary management of VTE.