bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drilling-Systems Automation: Current State, Initiatives, and Potential Impact
Authors: Macpherson John D. , de Wardt John P. , Florence Fred , Chapman Clinton D. , Zamora Mario , Laing Moray L. , Iversen Fionn P. 
Published: December 2013

Summary
Drilling automation is the control of the drilling process by automatic means, ultimately reducing human intervention to a minimum. The concept of automating the drilling process has generated considerable interest, yet there is a lack of agreement on exactly what it is, what it entails, and how to implement it. As with industrial automation in the 1990s, the adoption of open standards enabling automation will have a significant impact on the underlying business model. In the oilfield-drilling industry, the business model describes the relationship between operator, drilling contractor, service company, and equipment supplier.
The goal of drilling-systems automation is to increase productivity and quality, improve personnel safety, and effectively manage risk. Principal drivers of drilling automation include well complexity, data overload, efficiency, repetitive well manufacturing, access to limited expert resources, knowledge transfer as a result of the exodus of skilled employees, and health, safety, and environmental concerns. With so many drivers, and their potential economic benefits, it is understandable that there are many automation-related initiatives within the industry.
Drilling through geopressured, possibly erratic, lithologies to a remote and possibly poorly defined target in a safe manner is not a simple task to automate. It is challenging. Drilling automation focuses on the drilling system and drilling operations, which entail combining various subsystems, including the downhole bottomhole assembly (BHA) and its measurement and active components, the drillstring, fluid, and drilling rig and its subassemblies. Operations include conventional overbalanced-, managed-pressure-, and underbalanced-drilling operations, and their various procedures, such as tripping and making connections.
This paper examines and defines drilling-systems automation, its drivers, enablers and barriers, and its current state and goals. In particular, the paper looks at the vision of drilling-systems automation, and the role played by open, collaborative initiatives among all segments of the drilling industry. Although commitment to automation by the drilling industry appears by many to lag behind the level of commitment in other major industries, there are segments of the drilling industry that have reached a high level of automation on a commercial basis. There is also significant collaboration among interested parties in creating a standardized, open environment for data flow to foster the development of systems automation.
Heart rate variability (HRV) and muscular system activity (EMG) in cases of crash threat during simulated driving of a passenger car
Authors: Zużewicz Krystyna , Roman-Liu Danuta , Konarska Maria , Bartuzi Paweł , Matusiak Krzysztof , Korczak Dariusz , Lozia Zbigniew , Guzek Marek 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Prevalence of Anaemia among Pregnant Women of Rural Community in Vizianagaram, North Coastal Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Vemulapalli Bhargavi , Rao K Kameswara 
Published: December 2013

Objective: Anemia is the most frequently observed nutritional diseases in the world. It is a major health problem that affects 25-50% population of world and nearly 50% of pregnant women. In India, anemia is the second most common cause of maternal deaths, accounting for 20% of maternal deaths. The main objective of the present study is to determine the prevalence of anemia among rural pregnant women of Vizianagram and to explore associated factors with anemia. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the Mother and child hospital, Vizianagram, Vizianagram district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Pregnant women with any age of gestation period, parity and age were recruited for study. Estimation of hemoglobin was carried by standard sahli’s pipette method. Anemia was classified according to WHO grading criteria. Results: Nine hundred eighty-six subjects were enrolled for the study of whom all the study subjects did not meet the criteria of WHO standards of normal grade i.e >11gm/dl. 100% anemic condition was seen. 52.73% has a mild degree of anemia, 40.97% have moderate degree of anemia and 6.28% of population has severe degree of anemia. Pregnant women in 1st trimester of their gestation period has higher prevalence rate than in 2nd and 3rd trimesters. Parity has not showed any significant relation with anemia. Conclusion: The study confirms that preventing anemia is a challenge. Efforts should be geared towards the early detection and treatment of anemia before delivery to avoid various maternal and fetal complications. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i2.5295 Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(2) 2014: 21-25
Dutta’s Scoring Technique for Early Detection and Management of Uterine Atony during Emergency LSCS – A Randomized Trial
Authors: Dutta Dilip Kumar , Dutta Indranil 
Published: December 2013

Background: Uterine atony accounts for 80 % of causes of PPH and is one of the important cause of maternal death. Objective: To analyze the efficacy of Dutta’s score for early detection and management of uterine atony during emergency LSCS to prevent PPH. Study methods: This study was undertaken at JNM, NSGN, CN at Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal India from 1st January 2007 to 31st December 2011. Three hundred cases undergoing emergency LSCS were selected for randomized trial. Clinical observations were made after placental expulsion for scoring which includes shape and size of uterus, rugosity, tone, placental localization and time of placental expulsion. Score of 0, 1, 2 were given on each observation. Three groups are created depending on scoring-Group A (130) -8 to 10, Group B (N-100) -5 to 7 and Group C (N-70) - <5 for better management. Management protocols were formulated in the three groups for prevention of PPH Group A:- Oxytocin 10U (5U IM + 5U IV 40drops/min in Ringer Lactate 500ml) Group B:- Oxytocin 15U (5U IM + 10U IV 40drops/min in Ringer lactate 500 ml) + methyl ergometrine (0.25mg IM) + anterior posterior uterine wall compression Group C:- Oxytocin 20 U- (5U IM plus 15 U IV 40 drops in Ringer Lactate 500 ml) + methyl ergometrine (0.5mg IM) + carboprost (250 mcg IM) + lateral followed by anterior posterior uterine wall compression + compression of isthmic region of uterus + misoprostol 800mg per rectal during post operative period. Results: After adopting Dutta’s score and management protocols it was interesting to observe that intra and post operative blood loss within 2hr were found to be significantly reduced in group A-69.3% (<300CC), 84.6%(<200CC) and group B-70%(<300cc), 72%(<200CC). Intra operative blood loss >500cc were also found to be reduce in group A- 7.6%, group B-14%. In group C intra operative blood loss >500cc were seen in 47.1 % and post operative -32.9% cases. Hemoglobin level <11gms after 24 hrs of LSCS was found to be minimally reduced (in comparison to preoperative hemoglobin level) in group A (1.5%), group-B (2%) and group C (11.4%). Conclusion: Early diagnosis and management of uterine atony during emergency LSCS after adopting Dutta’s score were found to be not only reduce intra and post operative blood loss but also was found to maintain a satisfactory hemoglobin level and hemodynamic status. Maternal mortality was found to be nil. This randomized trial highlighted the importance of prompt treatment in group C to reduce intra and post operative blood loss and maternal morbidity and mortality. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i2.8531 sian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(2) 2014: 40-45
Atypical Presentation of Typhoid Fever
Authors: Madi Deepak , Achappa Basavaprabhu , Ramapuram John T , Chowta Nithyananda , Laxman Mridula , Mahalingam Soundarya 
Published: December 2013

The classical presentation of typhoid has changed over the years. Atypical presentation of typhoid is now seen in clinical practice. Entericfever can present with atypical manifestations like abdominal lymphadenopathy, acute acalculous cholecystitis, osteomyelitis, splenic abscess and Pneumonia. Jaundice splenic abscess and thrombocytopenia in a febrile patient in the tropics is commonly due to Malaria, Leptospirosis and Dengue. We report a case of typhoid fever presenting with jaundice and thrombocytopenia. A 17 year old male presented to us with history of fever and jaundice. Investigations revealed thrombocytopenia and conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Blood culture grew Salmonella Typhi. He was treated with ceftriaxone and he improved. A diagnosis of typhoid fever must be considered in a febrile patient with jaundice and thrombocytopenia in the tropics. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i2.8584 Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(2) 2014: 140-142
Occupational Exposure and Pulmonary Function of Workers of Carpet Industries and Sawmills, Lalitpur, Nepal
Authors: Das PKL , Nepal GB , Upadhyay-Dhungel K , Panta R , Bhaila A , Shakya B 
Published: December 2013

Background: Most workers of carpet factory and sawmills suffer from non-specific lung diseases and ventilatory disorders. There is so many such industries operative in Lalitpur district and so far not many studies have been reported on pulmonary function in these workers. Method: A brief clinical sheet regarding age, occupational particulars, smoking habits and presence or absence of major complaints was recorded for each worker. Spirometric parameters were recorded using an electronic (MEDSPIROR) spirometer. The groups consisted of control subjects not exposed to industrial dusts (n=50) for each group of workers (carpet factory, n=50 and saw mill, n=50). Result: This study indicated an overall reduction in pulmonary function parameters; in particular FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC % in carpet factory workers and FEV1 and FEV1/FVC % in saw mill workers. Comparison of pulmonary function parameters between carpet factories workers and sawmill workers revealed a significant reduction in FEV1 and MVV in carpet workers. Conclusion: Exposure to cotton dust and wood dust leads to combined type of spirometric deficit revealing obstructive or restrictive lung diseases. Workers exposed to industrial dusts also suffer from various upper or lower respiratory symptoms. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i2.8951 Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(2) 2014: 54-58
Audit and feedback of antibiotic use
Authors: Oliver K. , Egan B. , Li L. , Richardson K. , Sandaradura I. , Westbrook J. I. , Day R. O. , Baysari M. T. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryBackground: There is now little doubt that improving antimicrobial use is necessary for the containment of resistance.Objective: To determine whether providing individualised feedback to doctors about their recent compliance with the hospital’s antibiotic policy improves compliance with the policy.Methods: This study was conducted at a teaching hospital in Sydney, Australia. Computerised alerts integrated into the electronic prescribing system (ePS) inform prescribers of the local antibiotic policy. We utilised prescribing data extracted from the ePS for ‘audit and feedback’. Thirty-six prescribers were sent feedback letters via email. We also interviewed doctors who had received letters to explore their views of the feedback and the policy in general.Results: There was no significant change in compliance with the policy following implementation of the feedback intervention (0% compliant vs 11.9%; p = 0.07). Several problems with the policy and the approval process were identified by researchers during auditing and by prescribers during interviews. Some problems identified made it difficult to accurately assess compliance and for doctors to comply with the policy.Conclusions: Our intervention did not result in improved compliance with the antibiotic policy but revealed practical problems with the policy and approval process that had not been identified prior to the trial. Greater support for the policy by senior doctors and the assignment of more clearly defined roles and responsibilities associated with antibiotic use and approval may result in improved compliance. Harnessing the full potential of technology would streamline the antimicrobial approval process and allow more efficient and reliable monitoring of antibiotic use and compliance. Many of the problems we identified are generic issues of importance to all organisations seeking to integrate antimicrobial stewardship into ePS.Citation: Baysari MT, Oliver K, Egan B, Li L, Richardson K, Sandaradura I, Westbrook J I, Day RO. Audit and feedback of antibiotic use: Utilising electronic prescription data. Appl Clin Inf 2013; 4: 583–595http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2013-08-RA-0063
Evaluation of sugar yeast consumption by measuring electrical medium resistance
Authors: Zamora Martín L. , Ruiz Gabriel A. , Felice Carmelo J. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The real-time monitoring of alcoholic fermentation (sugar consumption) is very important in industrial processes. Several techniques (i.e., using a biosensor) have been proposed to realize this goal. In this work, we propose a new method to follow sugar yeast consumption. This novel method is based on the changes in the medium resistance (Rm) that are induced by the CO2 bubbles produced during a fermentative process. We applied a 50-mV and 700-Hz signal to 75 ml of a yeast suspension in a tripolar cell. A gold electrode was used as the working electrode, whereas an Ag/AgCl electrode and a stainless-steel electrode served as the reference and counter electrodes, respectively. We then added glucose to the yeast suspension and obtained a 700% increase in the Rm after 8 minutes. The addition of sucrose instead of glucose as the carbon source resulted in a 1200% increase in the Rm. To confirm that these changes are the result of CO2 bubbles in the fermentation medium, we designed a tetrapolar cell in which CO2 gas was insufflated at the bottom of the cell and concluded that the changes were due to CO2 bubbles produced during the fermentation. Consequently, this new method is a low-cost and rapid technology to follow the sugar consumption in yeast.
Trends in Michigan Supreme Court Elections 2000–2012
Authors: KLEMANSKI JOHN S. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT
This article explores various trends in Michigan Supreme Court elections from 2000 through 2012. Within the backdrop of the structure of Court elections, dimensions such as incumbency, electoral competitiveness, the role of parties, and campaign spending are examined. This study finds that while incumbents still retain some important advantages, incumbents are no longer automatically re-elected. Moreover, Supreme Court elections are becoming increasingly competitive, as the margins of victory have been reduced substantially in the most recent elections. Even though Supreme Court general elections are officially non-partisan, political parties play a major role, with a formal role in the nominations process, but also through independent expenditures and issue advertising on television. Interest groups and parties both have been outspending candidates in recent elections, and thus have added to the negative tone of Court campaigns. An overall trend of increased campaign spending has been found during the period investigated. In addition, a distinct difference in the level of electoral competitiveness and overall campaign spending was identified when comparing the 2000 through 2006 elections with the 2008 through 2012 elections.
Motivation for relocation and spatial improvement of relocated public libraries in Japan—An evaluation of the role fulfillment of libraries
Authors: Hu Jiayu , Li Yan , Komatsu Hisashi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractJapan faces the serious challenge of a decreasing and aging population, impacting the maintenance and upgrade of public libraries. Concurrently, public libraries, crucial social education facilities in Japan, are expected to assume broader societal roles. In response, some Japanese public libraries relocated to address these challenges and new demands. However, there has been limited research focusing on the relocation process and its subsequent evaluation. This paper fills this gap by concentrating on relocated public libraries (RPLs) in Japan during the recent decade (2010–2020), aiming to investigate their relocation motivations and spatial improvement and evaluate their role fulfillment after relocation. By posting questionnaire sheets to 217 target RPLs, we collected 143 valid responses, did a cross‐analysis on motivations, spatial changes, and library types, and evaluated improved role fulfillment postrelocation. Results suggest that public libraries are serving multiple roles in their communities, and their role fulfillment after relocation was linked to certain locational and spatial improvements. This research could help upgrade and reorganize public libraries in the future and contribute to the literature by understanding the relocation of public libraries from a dynamic perspective.
Reactive Processing of Furan‐Based Monomers via Frontal Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization for High Performance Materials
Authors: Xu Zhenchuang , Chua Lauren , Singhal Avni , Krishnan Pranav , Lessard Jacob J. , Suslick Benjamin A. , Chen Valerie , Sottos Nancy R. , Gomez‐Bombarelli Rafael , Moore Jeffrey S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFrontal ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (FROMP) presents an energy‐efficient approach to produce high‐performance polymers, typically utilizing norbornene derivatives from Diels–Alder reactions. This study broadens the monomer repertoire for FROMP, incorporating the cycloaddition product of biosourced furan compounds and benzyne, namely 1,4‐dihydro‐1,4‐epoxynaphthalene (HEN) derivatives. A computational screening of Diels–Alder products is conducted, selecting products with resistance to retro‐Diels–Alder but also sufficient ring strain to facilitate FROMP. The experiments reveal that varying substituents both modulate the FROMP kinetics and enable the creation of thermoplastic materials characterized by different thermomechanical properties. Moreover, HEN‐based crosslinkers are designed to enhance the resulting thermomechanical properties at high temperatures (>200 °C). The versatility of such materials is demonstrated through direct ink writing (DIW) to rapidly produce 3D structures without the need for printed supports. This research significantly extends the range of monomers suitable for FROMP, furthering efficient production of high‐performance polymeric materials.
High‐Order Nonlinear Frequency Conversion in Transparent Conducting Oxide Thin Films
Authors: Jaffray Wallace , Belli Federico , Stengel Sven , Vincenti Maria Antonietta , Scalora Michael , Clerici Matteo , Shalaev Vladimir M , Boltasseva Alexandra , Ferrera Marcello 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe study of conductive oxides has gained momentum within the photonics community due to their unique linear and nonlinear optical properties. Despite recent experiments reporting on high harmonic generation from thin films, the optical/electronic behavior of these compounds at the nanoscale is still not fully understood due to the lack of a suitable theoretical model. In the present work, aluminum zinc oxide is excited near its epsilon‐near‐zero crossing point using incident femtosecond pulses having peak power densities in the 1 TW cm−2 range. A relatively efficient frequency up‐conversion including even and odd harmonics up to the seventh order is observed. A hydrodynamic‐Maxwell theoretical approach is adopted, capable of simultaneously taking into account linear and nonlinear dispersions, nonlocal effects, surface, magnetic, and bulk nonlinearities in a spectral region that spans over two and a half octaves from the UV to the NIR region. The study enables a deeper understanding of the fundamental material parameters regulating optical nonlinearities, providing important insights to engineer this class of materials for applications in sensing, ultra‐fast physics, and spectroscopy.
Panthenol Additives with Multiple Coordination Sites Induce Uniform Zinc Deposition and Inhibited Side Reactions for High Performance Aqueous Zinc Metal Battery
Authors: Luo Ping , Yu Gongtao , Zhang Wenwei , Huang Zhen , Wang Yipeng , Zhu Dongyao , Chao Feiyang , Wang Yuyua , Zhong Wenhui , Wang Zhaoyang , Dong Shijie , An Qinyou 
Published: July 2024

AbstractApplication of aqueous zinc metal batteries (AZMBs) in large‐scale new energy systems (NESs) is challenging owing to the growth of dendrites and frequent side reactions. Here, this study proposes the use of Panthenol (PB) as an electrolyte additive in AZMBs to achieve highly reversible zinc plating/stripping processes and suppressed side reactions. The PB structure is rich in polar groups, which led to the formation of a strong hydrogen bonding network of PB−H2O, while the PB molecule also builds a multi‐coordination solvated structure, which inhibits water activity and reduces side reactions. Simultaneously, PB and OTF− decomposition, in situ formation of SEI layer with stable organic‐inorganic hybrid ZnF2‐ZnS interphase on Zn anode electrode, can inhibit water penetration into Zn and homogenize the Zn2+ plating. The effect of the thickness of the SEI layer on the deposition of Zn ions in the battery is also investigated. Hence, this comprehensive regulation strategy contributes to a long cycle life of 2300 h for Zn//Zn cells assembled with electrolytes containing PB additives. And the assembled Zn//NH4V4O10 pouch cells with homemade modules exhibit stable cycling performance and high capacity retention. Therefore, the proposed electrolyte modification strategy provides new ideas for AZMBs and other metal batteries.
Scalable Fabrication of Black Phosphorous Films for Infrared Photodetector Arrays
Authors: Corletto Alexander , Myagmarsereejid Purevlkham , Wang Shifan , Yan Wei , Balendhran Sivacarendran , Liu Huan , Zhong Yu Lin , Crozier Kenneth B. , Batmunkh Munkhbayar , Bullock James 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBulk black phosphorous (bP) exhibits excellent infrared (IR) optoelectronic properties, but most reported bP IR photodetectors are fabricated from single exfoliated flakes with lateral sizes of < 100 µm. Here, scalable thin films of bP suitable for IR photodetector arrays are realized through a tailored solution‐deposition method. The properties of the bP film and their protective capping layers are optimized to fabricate bP IR photoconductors exhibiting specific detectivities up to 4.0 × 108 cm Hz1/2 W−1 with fast 30/60 µs rise/fall times under λ = 2.2 µm illumination. The scalability of the bP thin film fabrication is demonstrated by fabricating a linear array of 25 bP photodetectors and obtaining 25 × 25 pixel IR images at ≈203 ppi with good spatial fidelity. This research demonstrates a commercially viable method of fabricating scalable bP thin films for optoelectronic devices including room temperature‐operable IR photodetector arrays.