bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monochromatic Clique Decompositions of Graphs
Authors: Liu Henry , Pikhurko Oleg , Sousa Teresa 
Published: January 2015

AbstractLet G be a graph whose edges are colored with k colors, and be a k‐tuple of graphs. A monochromatic ‐decomposition of G is a partition of the edge set of G such that each part is either a single edge or forms a monochromatic copy of in color i, for some . Let be the smallest number ϕ, such that, for every order‐n graph and every k‐edge‐coloring, there is a monochromatic ‐decomposition with at most ϕ elements. Extending the previous results of Liu and Sousa [Monochromatic ‐decompositions of graphs, J Graph Theory 76 (2014), 89–100], we solve this problem when each graph in is a clique and is sufficiently large.
Returning Home: The Middle‐Income Trap and Gendered Norms in Thailand
Authors: Le Mare Ann , Promphaking Buapun , Rigg Jonathan 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe personalise the middle‐income trap by exploring the experiences of migrants from north‐east Thailand, most of whom return to their natal villages as a result of family decisions based on more than achieving higher incomes. Whereas men are largely content, women have to balance a range of roles because of prescribed gender norms. Increased education and migration did not lead to higher value work on their return because of lack of investment and opportunity, but also because of gender norms and relationships that reflect rather than challenge the norms that would allow women (and men) to develop new employment opportunities. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immobilization of soil copper using organic and inorganic amendments
Authors: Shaheen Sabry M. , Tsadilas Christos D. , Rinklebe Jörg 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis experiment aimed to immobilize Cu in polluted agricultural soils via the application of agrochemicals to reduce its bioavailability to plants. A greenhouse pot experiment was established using a Cu contaminated vineyard topsoil collected from a farm in Greece. The soil was mixed with inorganic [i.e., zeolite (Z), Al‐oxide (AX), Mn‐oxide (MX), and phosphate rock (PR)] as well as organic amendments [i.e., activated charcoal (AC), commercial peat soil material (CP), and compost from olive oil processing wastes (COW)] with an application rate of 2.5% and cultivated by corn (Zea maize). After plant harvesting, Cu was measured separately in the aboveground biomass and roots, respectively, whereas the soil samples were analyzed for DTPA‐extractable and geochemical fractions of Cu (soluble + exchangeable fraction, sorbed and carbonate fraction, Fe‐/Mn‐oxides fraction, and organic fraction). The immobilizing agents, except MX, reduced the soluble plus exchangeable Cu in the treated soil. The lowest concentrations of the soluble plus exchangeable Cu occurred in the soil amended with AC followed by CP, AX, COW, PR, and Z, respectively. The amendments decreased the uptake of Cu by corn. Concentrations of Cu were between 11 and 38% lower in the above ground biomass and 19 and 48% lower in the roots than the control. The organic amendments were more effective than the inorganic additives. The AC was the most effective organic additive and AX was the most effective inorganic amendment.
Leaf removal and wine composition of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Nero d'Avola: the volatile aroma constituents
Authors: Verzera Antonella , Tripodi Gianluca , Dima Giovanna , Condurso Concetta , Scacco Antonio , Cincotta Fabrizio , Giglio Dina Maria Letizia , Santangelo Tanino , Sparacio Antonio 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDDefoliation is a cultural practice for crop management in grapevines and the benefits effects have been demonstrated. Here, the influence of ‘early’ leaf removal on the quality of Nero d'Avola wines was evaluated. Particular attention has been given to the volatile constituents responsible for the wine aroma but also to the total amount of polyphenolic compounds, anthocyanins and flavonoids.RESULTS‘Early’ defoliation was manually applied and compared with non‐defoliated controls. The grapes were harvested at two different ripening times following their technological and phenolic maturity. Statistical quantitative differences occurred among the samples from the four trials (defoliated and control samples, both at two ripening times). Both the time of harvest and the vine leaf removal determined variation in the wine composition. A large number of volatile constituents were identified and quantified; the odour activity values (OAVs) were calculated. Basal leaf removal reduced pH and increased titratable acidity, total amount of anthocyanins, flavonoids, polyphenols and colour intensity in the wines from the first harvest. Results showed the increase of fermentation and varietal aromas in the defoliated wines from the first harvest. Limited differences occurred between the wines from defoliated and control vines relative to the second harvest. Principal components analysis, which was applied to compounds with OAVs ≥ 0.5, allowed the different compounds to be distinguished.CONCLUSION‘Early’ leaf removal can lead to a positive effect on the quality of Nero d'Avola under the environmental conditions in which the present study was undertaken but particular attention has to be given to the time of grape harvest. The results also demonstrate that ‘early’ defoliation can be applied to improve wine quality in the Mediterranean region, where there is a concentration of rainfall during winter, and nearly arid conditions and high temperatures during the summer. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Capturing the complete stress–strain behaviour of jointed rock using a numerical approach
Authors: Esmaieli Kamran , Hadjigeorgiou John , Grenon Martin 
Published: January 2015

SummaryThis paper presents the results of a series of numerical experiments using the synthetic rock mass (SRM) approach to quantify the behaviour of jointed rock masses. Field data from a massive sulphide rock mass, at the Brunswick mine, were used to develop a discrete fracture network (DFN). The constructed DFN model was subsequently subjected to random sampling whereby 40 cubic samples, of height to width ratio of two, and of varying widths (0.05 to 10 m) were isolated. The discrete fracture samples were linked to 3D bonded particle models to generate representative SRM models for each sample size. This approach simulated the jointed rock mass as an assembly of fractures embedded into the rock matrix.The SRM samples were submitted to uniaxial loading, and the complete stress–strain behaviour of each specimen was recorded. This approach provided a way to determine the complex constitutive behaviour of large‐scale rock mass samples. This is often difficult or not possible to achieve in the laboratory.The numerical experiments suggested that higher post‐peak modulus values were obtained for smaller samples and lower values for larger sample sizes. Furthermore, the observed deviation of the recorded post‐peak modulus values decreased with sample size. The ratio of residual strength of rock mass samples per uniaxial compressive strength intact increases moderately with sample size. Consequently, for the investigated massive sulphide rock mass, the pre‐peak and post‐peak representative elemental volume size was found to be the same (7 × 7 × 14 m). Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychological distancing: the effects of narrative perspectives and levels of access to a victim's inner world on victim blame and helping intention
Authors: Cao Xiaoxia , Decker Donna 
Published: January 2015

To explore what is an (in)effective way to tell victim stories in order to elicit support for charitable causes, an experiment was conducted to examine how narrative perspectives (first‐person versus third‐person) and levels of access to a victim's inner world (high versus low) may influence reactions to the victim. It found that the two factors interacted to influence victim blame and helping intention through affecting the perceived psychological distance of the victim. Specifically, the first‐person (versus third‐person) narrative increased victim blame and reduced helping intention by motivating participants to distance themselves from the victim when the level of access to the victim's inner world was relatively high but not when the level of access was relatively low. The findings contribute to our understanding of what would be an (in)effective way of telling victim stories to elicit compassionate reactions to those in need.Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of confinement on glass dynamics and free volume in immiscible polystyrene/high‐density polyethylene blends
Authors: Wu Lingyun , Zhu Jingjun , Liao Xia , Ni Kai , Zhang Qiongwen , An Zhu , Yang Qi , Li Guangxian 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe effect of confinement on glass dynamics combined with the corresponding free volume changes of amorphous polystyrene (PS) in blends with semi‐crystalline high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) have been investigated using thermal analyses and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). Two different glass transition temperatures (Tg) were observed in a PS/HDPE blend due to the dissimilarity in the chemical structure, consistent with an immiscible blend. However, Tg of PS in the incompatible PS/HDPE blend showed an upward trend with increasing PS content resulting from the confinement effect, while Tg of the semi‐crystalline HDPE component became lower than that of neat HDPE. Moreover, the elevation of Tg of PS was enhanced with a decrease of free volume radius by comparing annealed and unannealed PS/HDPE blends. Positron results showed that the free volume radius clearly decreased with annealing for all compositions, although the free volume hole size agreed well with linear additivity, indicating that there was only a weak interaction between the two components. Combining PALS with thermal analysis results, the confinement effect on the glass dynamics and free volume of PS phase in PS/HDPE blends could be attributed to the shrinkage of HDPE during crystallization when HDPE acted as the continuous phase. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Review: Development of an in situ observation network for terrestrial ecological remote sensing: the Phenological Eyes Network (PEN)
Authors: Nasahara Kenlo Nishida , Nagai Shin 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe Phenological Eyes Network (PEN), which was established in 2003, is a network of long‐term ground observation sites. The aim of the PEN is to validate terrestrial ecological remote sensing, with a particular focus on seasonal changes (phenology) in vegetation. There are three types of core sensors at PEN sites: an Automatic Digital Fish‐eye Camera, a HemiSpherical SpectroRadiometer, and a Sun Photometer. As of 2014, there are approximately 30 PEN sites, among which many are also FluxNet and/or International Long Term Ecological Research sites. The PEN is now part of a biodiversity observation framework. Collaborations between remote sensing scientists and ecologists working on PEN data have produced various outcomes about remote sensing and long‐term in situ monitoring of ecosystem features, such as phenology, gross primary production, and leaf area index. This article reviews the design concept and the outcomes of the PEN, and discusses its future strategy.
Comparison of the Composition and Structural Parameters of W/O Microemulsions Containing Gemini Imidazoliums with Those Containing Monomeric Analogues
Authors: Chai Jinling , Song Jingwei , Wang Dan , Chai Haihui , Bai Tingting , Liu Ning 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe composition and structural parameters of W/O microemulsions containing the gemini surfactant 1,4‐bis(3‐alkylimidazolium‐1‐yl) butane bromide [(Cn‐4‐Cn)Br2, n = 12, 14, 16] + pentan‐1‐ol + octane + water and W/O microemulsions containing the ionic liquid surfactant 1‐alkyl‐3‐methylimidazolium (CnmimBr, n = 12, 14, 16) + pentan‐1‐ol + octane + water were studied and compared. The mole fractions of the n‐alkyl alcohol at the interfacial layer
in (Cn‐4‐Cn)Br2 based microemulsion systems are always larger than those in CnmimBr based microemulsion systems. However, the mole fractions of the n‐alkyl alcohol in the oil phase
are nearly the same for both the microemulsion systems. The (Cn‐4‐Cn)Br2 based microemulsion systems have greater absolute values of the free enthalpy values than that for CnmimBr based systems. In the (Cn‐4‐Cn)Br2 based microemulsion systems, a large number of cosurfactants at the interfacial layer is conducive to the formation of a smaller droplet W/O microemulsion. The effects of n‐alkyl alcohols, alkanes, salinity and temperature on the composition and structural parameters of the (Cn‐4‐Cn)Br2 based and CnmimBr based microemulsion systems were also investigated and discussed.
The Role of Water in Protection Against Thermal Deterioration of Liquid Margarine
Authors: Kirkhus Bente , Lamglait Amandine , Storrø Ivar , Vogt Gjermund , Olsen Elisabeth , Lundby Frank , Standal Håkon 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe thermal stability of liquid margarine and vegetable oils was investigated by measuring the oxidative stability index (OSI) at temperatures ranging from 90 to 180 °C, whereas total polar compounds (TPC) and tocopherols (vitamin E) were measured during heating at 180 °C in frying trays. Results showed that the OSI of liquid margarine was in the same range as the OSI of vegetable oils at lower temperatures, but at 160 and 180 °C, liquid margarine had significantly higher thermal stability, close to that observed for hard margarine and butter. The increased stability was confirmed by lower levels of TPC and a smaller relative reduction in vitamin E content during heating. Variations between different vegetable oils could partly be explained by differences in degree of saturation and level of vitamin E, with high oleic sunflower oil being the most stable oil at all temperatures. The water in liquid margarine vaporized within 1.5 min at 160 °C, and it is hypothesized that volatile pro‐oxidants are removed with the water, inducing a delay in deterioration. The results indicate a role for water in preventing lipid oxidation and decomposition in fat emulsion products at 160–180 °C, suggesting that liquid margarine, low in saturated fat, may be the healthier and preferable alternative for pan‐frying compared to other liquid vegetable oils.
Canadian Association of Radiologists Annual Scientific Meetings: How Many Abstracts Go on to Publication?
Authors: Dressler Danielle , Leswick David 
Published: January 2015

Purpose To determine the percentage of abstracts presented at the Canadian Association of Radiologists (CAR) annual scientific meetings that go on to publication. Methods Records of previous CAR meetings from the years 2005-2011 were obtained. An Internet search was performed to determine which abstracts went on to publication. Abstracts were assessed according to exhibit category (Resident Award Papers), educational institution, publishing journal, and time to publication. Results Of the 402 abstracts presented, 112 (28%) were published. Overall, an average of 37% of Radiologists-In-Training Presentations, 34% of Scientific Exhibits, and 20% of Educational Exhibits went on to publication. The University of British Columbia and University of Ottawa published the largest number of abstracts (66 and 62, respectively) from the years 2005-2011. The University of Montreal had the largest percentage of abstracts published (42%). The range of publishing journals was wide, but the top publisher was the Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal (27%). Eighty-three percent of abstracts were published within 3 years of being presented. Conclusion In total, 28% of all the abstracts presented at the CAR conferences between 2005 and 2011 were published. Further exploration into the reasons and barriers for abstracts not being published may be a next step in future research.
Sink or Night Float: University of British Columbia Radiology Residents' Experience with Overnight Call
Authors: Scali Elena P. , Strovski Evgeny , Forster Bruce B. , Mar Colin , Chang Silvia D. 
Published: January 2015

Purpose In July 2012, in response to residents' concerns regarding the impact of the traditional 24-hour call system on their personal well-being and educational experience, the University of British Columbia Radiology residency program adopted a 12-hour night float system. This shift takes place in the context of increasing concerns, both across Canada and internationally, about resident well-being and the impact of prolonged duty hours on patient care. Methods An anonymous survey was distributed to all 25 postgraduate years 2-5 University of British Columbia radiology residents 12 months after the introduction of night float. This study sought to solicit residents' feedback about these changes and to identify potential future changes to optimize the call system. Results The response rate was 100%; 96% of residents were in favor of continuing with night float rather than the traditional call system; 72% of residents reported that their judgement was affected secondary to being on night float. Although most residents described varying degrees of impairment, the rate of acute discrepancies between resident preliminary and attending radiologist final reports decreased by more than half, from 2% to less than 1%. Conclusions The vast majority of our residents were in favor of maintaining the night float call system. Night float had a beneficial effect on the resident educational experience: by eliminating the pre-call morning and post-call day off rotation, residents gained an additional 24 days per year on other clinical rotations.
Effects of Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation during Hemiplegic Arm Reaching in Individuals with Stroke: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Kim Jung-ran , Jung Min-ye , Yoo Eun-young , Park Ji-Hyuk , Kim Sung-Hoon , Lee Jin 
Published: January 2015

Objective/Background This study investigated the effects of rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) on muscle activity and elbow motion during arm reaching with hemiplegic arm in participants with stroke. Methods Sixteen adults with stroke who resided in a community were recruited in this study. The RAS consisted of sound emitted from a digital metronome. While sitting upright in a chair, participants reached their arms towards a target (a switch on a table) both with and without RAS. The three-dimensional motion analysis system and surface electromyography system were used for measurements during the reaching tasks. Results We found that RAS elicited better performance in reaching movements than those movements performed without RAS. RAS shortened the movement time (p = .002), reduced the change in acceleration (p = .001), increased the elbow extension range of motion (p = .001), increased muscle activation of the triceps brachii (p = .024), and reduced the co-contraction ratio (p = .015) of the affected arm. Conclusion RAS might be a useful technique to facilitate improvements in motor function of the affected arm in patients with stroke.
In-Hospital Transfer Is a Risk Factor for Invasive Filamentous Fungal Infection among Hospitalized Patients with Hematological Malignancies: A Matched Case-Control Study
Authors: Gayet-Ageron Angèle , Iten Anne , van Delden Christian , Farquet Natacha , Masouridi-Levrat Stavroula , Von Dach Elodie , Chalandon Yves , Pittet Didier 
Published: January 2015

OBJECTIVEImmunocompromised patients now benefit from a longer life expectancy due to advanced medical techniques, but they are also weakened by aggressive treatment approaches and are at high risk for invasive fungal disease. We determined risk factors associated with an outbreak of invasive filamentous fungal infection (IFFI) among hospitalized hemato-oncological patients.METHODSA retrospective, matched, case-control study was conducted between January 1, 2009, and April 31, 2011, including 29 cases (6 proven, 8 probable, and 15 possible) of IFFI and 102 matched control patients hospitalized during the same time period. Control patients were identified from the hospital electronic database. Conditional logistic regression was performed to identify independent risk factors for IFFI.RESULTSOverall mortality associated with IFFI was 20.7% (8.0%–39.7%). Myelodysplastic syndrome was associated with a higher risk for IFFI compared to chronic hematological malignancies. After adjustment for major risk factors and confounders, >5 patient transfers outside the protected environment of the hematology ward increased the IFFI risk by 6.1-fold. The risk increased by 6.7-fold when transfers were performed during neutropenia.CONCLUSIONThis IFFI outbreak was characterized by a strong association with exposure to the unprotected environment outside the hematology ward during patient transfer. The independent associations of a high number of transfers with the presence of neutropenia suggest that affected patients were probably not sufficiently protected during transport in the corridors. Our study highlights that a heightened awareness of the need for preventive measures during the entire care process of at-risk patients should be promoted among healthcare workers.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;00(0): 1–9
‘COHOMOLOGY AND PROFINITE TOPOLOGIES FOR SOLVABLE GROUPS OF FINITE RANK’
Authors: LORENSEN KARL 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe remedy an omission in the proof of Proposition 2.7 of the paper ‘Cohomology and profinite topologies for solvable groups of finite rank’, Bull. Aust. Math. Soc.86 (2012), 254–265. This proposition states that a solvable group with finite abelian section rank has merely finitely many subgroups of any given index.
Impacts of greening measures and flat rate regional payments of the Common Agricultural Policy on Scottish beef and sheep farms
Authors: VOSOUGH AHMADI B. , SHRESTHA S. , THOMSON S.G. , BARNES A.P. , STOTT A.W. 
Published: January 2015

SUMMARYThe latest Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) reforms could bring substantial changes to Scottish farming communities. Two major components of this reform package, an introduction of environmental measures into the Pillar 1 payments and a move away from historical farm payments towards regionalized area payments, would have a significant effect on altering existing support structures for Scottish farmers, as it would for similar farm types elsewhere in Europe where historic payments are used. An optimizing farm-level model was developed to explore how Scottish beef and sheep farms might be affected by the greening and flat rate payments under the current CAP reforms. Nine different types of beef and sheep farms were identified and detailed biophysical and financial farm-level data for these farm types were used to parameterize the model. Results showed that the greening measures of the CAP did not have much impact on net margins of most of the beef and sheep farm businesses, except for ‘Beef Finisher’ farm types where the net margins decreased by 3%. However, all farm types were better off adopting the greening measures than not qualifying for the greening payments through non-compliance with the measures. The move to regionalized farm payments increased the negative financial impact of greening on most of the farms but it was still substantially lower than the financial sacrifice of not adopting greening measures. Results of maximizing farm net margin, under a hypothetical assumption of excluding farm payments, showed that in most of the mixed (sheep and cattle) and beef suckler cattle farms the optimum stock numbers predicted by the model were lower than actual figures on farm. When the regionalized support payments were allocated to each farm, the proportion of the mixed farms that would increase their stock numbers increased whereas this proportion decreased for beef suckler farms and no impact was predicted in sheep farms. Also under the regionalized support payments, improvements in profitability were found in mixed farms and sheep farms. Some of the specialized beef suckler farms also returned a profit when CAP support was added.