bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zip‐related genital injury
Authors: Bagga Herman S. , Tasian Gregory E. , McGeady James , Blaschko Sarah D. , McCulloch Charles E. , McAninch Jack W. , Breyer Benjamin N. 
Published: March 2013

Objective
To describe the epidemiology of genital injuries caused by trouser zips and to educate both consumers and the caregivers of patients who sustain such injuries.
Patients and Methods
The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System, a dataset validated to provide a probability sample of patients who present to emergency departments (EDs) in the USA with injuries, was analysed to characterize zip‐related genital injuries occurring between 2002 and 2010.
A total of 523 cases were analysed to obtain national estimates.
Results
Between 2002 and 2010, an estimated 17 616 patients presented to US EDs with trouser zip injuries to the genitals. The penis was almost always the only genital organ involved.
Zip injuries represented nearly one‐fifth of all penile injuries.
Amongst adults, zips were the most frequent cause of penile injuries.
Annual zip‐related genital injury incidence remained stable over the study period.
Conclusions
Zip‐related genital injuries affect both paediatric and adult cohorts.
Practitioners should be familiar with various zip‐detachment strategies for these populations.
Seminal vesicle involvement at salvage radical prostatectomy
Authors: Meeks Joshua J. , Walker Marc , Bernstein Melanie , Eastham James A. 
Published: March 2013

Objective
To describe the incidence and clinical outcomes of seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) at salvage radical prostatectomy (SRP) and to describe the accuracy of SV biopsy. As SRP is used after biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer after radiotherapy (RT) to gain local oncological control. The SVs receive lower doses of radiation from external‐beam RT (EBRT) to avoid rectal exposure and are not targeted with brachytherapy (BT) with low‐risk prostate cancer.
Patients and Methods
SRP was performed on 206 men with BCR after RT at a tertiary care institution between 1998 and 2011. Post‐RT biopsy and SRP specimens were reviewed by a genitourinary pathologist.
Results
SVI was detected in 65 (32%) of 206 patients. No difference was found between EBRT alone (65% vs 63%) and BT (29% vs 31%) with or without EBRT in patients with SVI. Men with SVI had higher rates of cT3 disease (20% vs 8%) and Gleason score ≥ 8 at SRP (52% vs 21%).
BCR‐free survival at 5 years was 18% and 56% in patients with and without SVI (hazard ratio 2.85, 95% confidence interval 1.87–4.36, P < 0.001), yet the rate of local recurrence was low (11%).
Prostate cancer was identified in nine of 18 patients who underwent SV biopsy and was the only location of prostate cancer in two patients.
Conclusions
SVI is a prognostic indicator for BCR after SRP, but local recurrence in patients with SVI after SRP remains low.
We recommend SV biopsy to improve staging and cancer detection in men with BCR after radiotherapy.
Loss of constitutive activity is correlated with increased thermostability of the human adenosine A2A receptor
Authors: Bertheleme Nicolas , Singh Shweta , Dowell Simon J , Hubbard Julia , Byrne Bernadette 
Published: March 2013

Background and PurposeThermostabilization by mutagenesis is one method which has facilitated the determination of high‐resolution structures of the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR). Sets of mutations were identified, which both thermostabilized the receptor and resulted in preferential agonist (Rag23 mutant) or antagonist (Rant5 and Rant21) binding forms as assessed by radioligand binding analysis. While the ligand‐binding profiles of these mutants are known, the effects these mutations have on receptor activation and downstream signalling are less well characterized.Experimental ApproachHere we have investigated the effects of the thermostabilizing mutations on receptor activation using a yeast cell growth assay. The assay employs an engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae, MMY24, which couples receptor activation to cell growth.Key ResultsAnalysis of the receptor activation profile revealed that the wild‐type (WT) A2AR had considerable constitutive activity. In contrast, the Rag23, Rant5 and Rant21 thermostabilized mutants all exhibited no constitutive activity. While the preferentially antagonist‐binding mutants Rant5 and Rant21 showed a complete lack of agonist‐induced activity, the Rag23 mutant showed high levels of agonist‐induced receptor activity. Further analysis using a mutant intermediate between Rag23 and WT indicated that the loss of constitutive activity observed in the agonist responsive mutants was not due to reduced G‐protein coupling.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe loss of constitutive activity may be an important feature of these thermostabilized GPCRs. In addition, the constitutively active and agonist‐induced active conformations of the A2AR are distinct.
Effects of vildagliptin versus sitagliptin, on cardiac function, heart rate variability and mitochondrial function in obese insulin‐resistant rats
Authors: Apaijai Nattayaporn , Pintana Hiranya , Chattipakorn Siriporn C , Chattipakorn Nipon 
Published: March 2013

Background and PurposeLong‐term high‐fat diet (HFD) consumption has been shown to cause insulin resistance, which is characterized by hyperinsulinaemia with metabolic inflexibility. Insulin resistance is associated with cardiac sympathovagal imbalance, cardiac dysfunction and cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction. Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitors, vildagliptin and sitagliptin, are oral anti‐diabetic drugs often prescribed in patients with cardiovascular disease. Therefore, in this study, we sought to determine the effects of vildagliptin and sitagliptin in a murine model of insulin resistance.Experimental ApproachMale Wistar rats weighing 180–200 g, were fed either a normal diet (20% energy from fat) or a HFD (59% energy from fat) for 12 weeks. These rats were then divided into three subgroups to receive vildagliptin (3 mg·kg−1·day−1), sitagliptin (30 mg·kg−1·day−1) or vehicle for another 21 days. Metabolic parameters, oxidative stress, heart rate variability (HRV), cardiac function and cardiac mitochondrial function were determined.Key ResultsRats that received HFD developed insulin resistance characterized by increased body weight, plasma insulin, total cholesterol and oxidative stress levels along with a decreased high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) level. Moreover, cardiac dysfunction, depressed HRV, cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiac mitochondrial morphology changes were observed in HFD rats. Both vildagliptin and sitagliptin decreased plasma insulin, total cholesterol and oxidative stress as well as increased HDL level. Furthermore, vildagliptin and sitagliptin attenuated cardiac dysfunction, prevented cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction and completely restored HRV.Conclusions and ImplicationsBoth vildagliptin and sitagliptin share similar efficacy in cardioprotection in obese insulin‐resistant rats.
Being Mimicked Increases Prosocial Behavior in 18‐Month‐Old Infants
Authors: Carpenter Malinda , Uebel Johanna , Tomasello Michael 
Published: March 2013

Most previous research on imitation in infancy has focused on infants' learning of instrumental actions on objects. This study focused instead on the more social side of imitation, testing whether being mimicked increases prosocial behavior in infants, as it does in adults (van Baaren, Holland, Kawakami, & van Knippenberg, 2004). Eighteen‐month‐old infants (N = 48) were either mimicked or not by an experimenter; then either that experimenter or a different adult needed help. Infants who had previously been mimicked were significantly more likely to help both adults than infants who had not been mimicked. Thus, even in infancy, mimicry has positive social consequences: It promotes a general prosocial orientation toward others.
Is the Secure Base Phenomenon Evident Here, There, and Anywhere? A Cross‐Cultural Study of Child Behavior and Experts’ Definitions
Authors: Posada German , Lu Ting , Trumbell Jill , Kaloustian Garene , Trudel Marcel , Plata Sandra J. , Peña Paola P. , Perez Jennifer , Tereno Susana , Dugravier Romain , Coppola Gabrielle , Constantini Alessandro , Cassibba Rosalinda , Kondo‐Ikemura Kiyomi , Nóblega Magaly , Haya Ines M. , Pedraglio Claudia , Verissimo Manuela , Santos Antonio J. , Monteiro Ligia , Lay Keng‐Ling 
Published: March 2013

The evolutionary rationale offered by Bowlby implies that secure base relationships are common in child–caregiver dyads and thus, child secure behavior observable across diverse social contexts and cultures. This study offers a test of the universality hypothesis. Trained observers in nine countries used the Attachment Q‐set to describe the organization of children's behavior in naturalistic settings. Children (N = 547) were 10–72 months old. Child development experts (N = 81) from all countries provided definitions of optimal child secure base use. Findings indicate that children from all countries use their mother as a secure base. Children's organization of secure base behavior was modestly related to each other both within and across countries. Experts’ descriptions of the optimally attached child were highly similar across cultures.
The German national registry for primary immunodeficiencies (PID)
Authors: Gathmann B , Goldacker S , Klima M , Belohradsky B H , Notheis G , Ehl S , Ritterbusch H , Baumann U , Meyer-Bahlburg A , Witte T , Schmidt R , Borte M , Borte S , Linde R , Schubert R , Bienemann K , Laws H-J , Dueckers G , Roesler J , Rothoeft T , Krüger R , Scharbatke E C , Masjosthusmann K , Wasmuth J-C , Moser O , Kaiser P , Groß-Wieltsch U , Classen C F , Horneff G , Reiser V , Binder N , El-Helou S M , Klein C , Grimbacher B , Kindle G 
Published: March 2013

Summary
In 2009, a federally funded clinical and research consortium (PID–NET, http://www.pid-net.org) established the first national registry for primary immunodeficiencies (PID) in Germany. The registry contains clinical and genetic information on PID patients and is set up within the framework of the existing European Database for Primary Immunodeficiencies, run by the European Society for Primary Immunodeficiencies. Following the example of other national registries, a central data entry clerk has been employed to support data entry at the participating centres. Regulations for ethics approvals have presented a major challenge for participation of individual centres and have led to a delay in data entry in some cases. Data on 630 patients, entered into the European registry between 2004 and 2009, were incorporated into the national registry. From April 2009 to March 2012, the number of contributing centres increased from seven to 21 and 738 additional patients were reported, leading to a total number of 1368 patients, of whom 1232 were alive. The age distribution of living patients differs significantly by gender, with twice as many males than females among children, but 15% more women than men in the age group 30 years and older. The diagnostic delay between onset of symptoms and diagnosis has decreased for some PID over the past 20 years, but remains particularly high at a median of 4 years in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), the most prevalent PID.
A novel mutation in IGFALS, c.380T>C (p.L127P), associated with short stature, delayed puberty, osteopenia and hyperinsulinaemia in two siblings: insights into the roles of insulin growth factor‐1 (IGF1)
Authors: Hess Ora , Khayat Morad , Hwa Vivian , Heath Karen E. , Teitler Amnon , Hritan Yifat , Allon‐Shalev Stavit , Tenenbaum‐Rakover Yardena 
Published: March 2013

SummaryBackgroundThe acid‐labile subunit (ALS) protein is crucial for maintaining the circulating IGF/IGFBP system. Inactivating mutations of IGFALS result in IGF1 deficiency associated with growth retardation. Although the first IGFALS mutation in humans was described in 2004, only 16 mutations have been reported since. Moreover, the phenotype of affected patients as a consequence of ALS deficiency is still highly variable. We assessed whether children with idiopathic short stature (ISS) harbour mutations in IGFALS and characterized affected patients' phenotype.DesignSixty‐five children with ISS were enrolled in the study. Serum ALS levels were measured by ELISA, and IGFALS was sequenced.ResultsA novel homozygous mutation in IGFALS, c.380T>C (p.L127P), was identified in two siblings of a consanguineous family. The proband, a 17·75‐year‐old male, was −1·9 SDS in height and −4·5 SDS in weight. Exaggerated stimulated GH (38 ng/ml) and extremely low IGF1 and IGFBP3 (<25 and <500 ng/ml, respectively) indicated GH insensitivity. Both affected siblings had low or no ALS (43 and 0 mU/ml, respectively). They were also mildly small for gestational age, severely underweight and showed osteopenia, insulin insensitivity and delayed and slow puberty progression.ConclusionsAcid‐labile subunit deficiency due to IGFALS mutations is a rare cause of growth retardation in children. The unique combination of features presented by the two affected siblings emphasizes the important role of IGF1 in bone formation, insulin regulation and the pubertal process, in addition to its crucial effect on growth. Long‐term follow‐up is indicated since the clinical outcome with respect to osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus and fertility has not been recognized.
Effects of a 3‐week dehydroepiandrosterone administration on sleep, sex steroids and multiple 24‐h hormonal profiles in postmenopausal women: a pilot study
Authors: Caufriez Anne , Leproult Rachel , L'Hermite‐Balériaux Mireille , Kerkhofs Myriam , Copinschi Georges 
Published: March 2013

SummaryObjectiveDehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) administration is widely evocated as a ‘fountain of youth’, but previous studies have provided inconsistent results. We aimed to investigate in healthy postmenopausal women the effects of a 3‐week oral DHEA administration on individual steroid levels, multiple 24‐h hormonal profiles and sleep architecture.DesignSeven healthy nonobese postmenopausal women, off hormone replacement therapy for ≥2 months, were investigated in a randomized, crossover, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study. For 3 weeks, subjects took daily at 2300 h a capsule of either 50 mg DHEA or placebo. Sleep was polygraphically recorded during the last two nights, and blood samples were drawn at 15‐min intervals during the last 24 h.ResultsUnder DHEA, testosterone and estradiol levels were increased in all individuals. Individual increments were highly variable, not related to each other, and were not related to placebo values. However, the testosterone to estradiol ratio was markedly increased under DHEA. DHEA administration had little, if any, effect on thyroid function, GH secretion, prolactin, ACTH and cortisol profiles. DHEA effects on sleep appeared to be mediated by its conversion to androgens and oestrogens: sleep quality was enhanced by increments in testosterone and dampened by increments in estradiol levels.ConclusionAs DHEA‐induced elevations in testosterone and estradiol levels varied widely between individuals and were largely unpredictable, DHEA administration might not be the most appropriate approach to compensate for the reduction observed in androgen and oestrogen production in postmenopausal women. DHEA supplementation may result either in sleep stimulation or in inhibition, depending on the ratio between DHEA‐induced increments in testosterone vs estradiol.
Land Regularization in Brazil and the Global Land Grab
Authors: de L.T. Oliveira Gustavo 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThis article investigates the seemingly contradictory policies adopted by the Brazilian state to prevent land grabs in one region while encouraging agribusiness investments in another. The government recently initiated a programme intended to regularize titles of 300,000 homesteaders in unassigned public land in the Amazon region. This effort in state making over a largely illegible landscape is aimed at offsetting large‐scale illegal land grabs and ongoing (though significantly curtailed) deforestation. In contrast, legal large‐scale agribusiness investments are exacerbating deforestation and the concentration of land ownership in the Cerrado region through well‐established state mechanisms. While the imposition of legibility may regulate land concentration and degradation, legible landscapes also facilitate investments that drive both concentration and degradation. The author argues that the regularization programme undertaken in the Amazon structures land grabbing nationally — not because large amounts of public land are in fact being privatized through regularization, but because it actively undermines land redistribution programmes elsewhere in the country and consolidates transportation and production infrastructure in the Amazon–Cerrado transition zone. The state‐making framework developed here captures the heterogeneity of global land grab processes, indicating the ways in which these are obstructed but not discarded by different government agencies, stalled but not yet overturned by Brazilian civil society.
Identity, Territory and Land Conflict in Brazil
Authors: Sullivan LaShandra 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTIn the last century, national and international movements in capital and ideas have contributed to the radical transformation of the Brazilian countryside. In Mato Grosso do Sul, Guarani have been displaced onto reservations (through often extra‐legal means) due to deforestation for cattle ranches and agricultural plantations. Guarani land activists link displacement to problems like starvation and high crime rates. Today, protest occupations of plantations result in sometimes violent counter‐mobilization by plantation owners. This article investigates the production of ethnic boundaries between self‐identified ‘Indians’ and ‘non‐Indians’, which become articulated as territorial. It interrogates how these boundaries are both produced by and contribute to the economic development policies driving the land grab in Brazil.
Governing Global Land Deals: The Role of the State in the Rush for Land
Authors: Wolford Wendy , Borras Saturnino M. , Hall Ruth , Scoones Ian , White Ben 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTOver the past decade, there has been a dramatic increase in large‐scale land deals, often from public lands to the hands of foreign or domestic investors. Popularly referred to as a ‘global land grab’, new land acquisitions are drawing upon, restructuring and challenging the nature of both governance and government. In the Introduction to this special issue, we argue for an analysis of land deals that draws upon the insights of political ecology, cultural politics and agrarian studies to illuminate the micro‐processes of transaction and expropriation as well as the broader structural forces at play. We argue that ‘the state’ is often invoked as a key player in land grabbing but states never operate with one voice; rather we need to unbundle the state, to see government and governance as processes, people and relationships. To develop this approach, we focus on territory, sovereignty, authority and subjects not as static objects but as relationships produced in and through place, property, power and production. Understanding the dynamic nature of these relationships is critical to understanding the highly variable form and content of large‐scale land deals in different settings around the world. The papers in this special issue help to develop this perspective and this Introduction highlights important areas of convergence among them.
The Political Construction of Wasteland: Governmentality, Land Acquisition and Social Inequality in South India
Authors: Baka Jennifer 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThrough a micro‐level study of a biofuel‐related land acquisition in rural Tamil Nadu, India, this article reveals how state–subject relations are shaping modern land deal politics. Through its political construction of the concept of ‘wasteland’ and its associated wasteland development programme, the Indian state has facilitated a series of questionable land acquisitions, reshaping agrarian livelihoods in the process. A class of land brokers has emerged to help carry out the state's project of converting ‘wastelands’ to more ‘productive’, state‐defined uses such as biofuel cultivation and industrial expansion. Those whose lands have been acquired as part of these programmes have undergone a transition to wage labour, increasing the prolitarianization of agrarian communities. By documenting the mechanics of this ‘wasteland governmentality’, this study contributes to a political sociology of the state by unpacking the linkages between the state and agrarian subjects in the context of the ‘global land grab’.
Left Ventricular Stroke Volume Quantification by Contrast Echocardiography – Comparison of Linear and Flow‐Based Methods to Cardiac Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Dele‐Michael Abiola O. , Fujikura Kana , Devereux Richard B. , Islam Fahmida , Hriljac Ingrid , Wilson Sean R. , Lin Fay , Weinsaft Jonathan W. 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundEchocardiography (echo)‐quantified LV stroke volume (SV) is widely used to assess systolic performance after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This study compared 2 common echo approaches – predicated on flow (Doppler) and linear chamber dimensions (Teichholz) – to volumetric SV and global infarct parameters quantified by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR).MethodsMultimodality imaging was performed as part of a post‐AMI registry. For echo, SV was measured by Doppler and Teichholz methods. Cine‐CMR was used for volumetric SV and LVEF quantification, and delayed‐enhancement (DE) CMR for infarct size.ResultsOverall, 142 patients underwent same day echo and CMR. On echo, mean SV by Teichholz (78 ± 17 mL) was slightly higher than Doppler (75 ± 16 mL; Δ = 3 ± 13 mL; P = 0.02). Compared to SV on CMR (78 ± 18 mL), mean difference by Teichholz (Δ = −0.2 ± 14; P = 0.89) was slightly smaller than Doppler (Δ = −3 ± 14; P = 0.02), but limits of agreement were similar between CMR and echo methods (Teichholz: −28, 27 mL, Doppler: −31, 24 mL). For Teichholz, differences with CMR SV were greatest among patients with anteroseptal or lateral wall hypokinesis (P < 0.05). For Doppler, differences were associated with aortic valve abnormalities or root dilation (P = 0.01). SV by both echo methods decreased stepwise in relation to global LV injury as assessed by CMR‐quantified LVEF and infarct size (P < 0.01).ConclusionsTeichholz and Doppler calculated SV yield similar magnitude of agreement with CMR. Teichholz differences with CMR increase with septal or lateral wall contractile dysfunction, whereas Doppler yields increased offsets in patients with aortic remodeling.
Acute Mitral Regurgitation during Transapical Aortic Valve Implantation: Usefulness of Intraprocedural Transesophageal Echocardiography
Authors: Huttin Olivier , Angioi Michael , Maureira Pablo , Selton‐Suty Christine 
Published: March 2013

Mini‐AbstractWe report a case of acute mitral regurgitation due to a temporary distortion of the mitral valve apparatus during apical transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). A few minutes after penetrating the apex, the patient developed severe hypotension and cardiac arrest. A hemodynamic support with femoral–femoral extracorporeal circulation was immediately installed. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) revealed that the guidewire interfered with the subvalvular mitral apparatus generating severe acute mitral regurgitation. The patient's condition improved immediately after guidewire removal and there was no residual mitral regurgitation. This case clearly shows the importance and the usefulness of performing a thorough and complete TEE monitoring to prevent and identify complications.