bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐Term Functional Outcome of Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy Versus Extracapsular Repair in a Heterogeneous Population of Dogs
Authors: Nelson Samantha A. , Krotscheck Ursula , Rawlinson Jeremy , Todhunter Rory J. , Zhang Zhiwu , Mohammed Hussni 
Published: November 2012

ObjectiveTo compare the long‐term outcome of tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) and extracapsular repair (ECR) for treatment of a ruptured cranial cruciate ligament (RCCL).Study DesignProspective clinical trial.AnimalsNormal adult dogs (control, n = 79); dogs with unilateral CCL disease (n = 38).MethodsDogs had TPLO (n = 15) or ECR (n = 23) for treatment of RCCL. Force plate gait analysis was performed for the control group at one time point and for treatment groups at serial points: preoperatively, 2 weeks, 8 weeks, 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Symmetry indices (SIs) were calculated between operated and unoperated pelvic limb for ground reaction forces (GRFs), including peak vertical force (PVF), contact time (CT), and vertical impulse (VI). GRFs of the treatment groups and control group were compared using a general linear model and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis.ResultsAt 8 weeks, for PVF and VI, the TPLO group had more symmetric limb loading than the ECR group at the walk and trot. SIs of the TPLO group were not different from the control group by 6 months to 1 year postoperatively. SIs for the ECR group were less symmetrical than the control group at all time periods. Using survival analysis, median time to normal function was no different at the walk between groups, but was shorter for the TPLO group for VI and PVF.ConclusionsDogs achieved normal limb loading faster after TPLO than ECR. TPLO resulted in operated limb function that was indistinguishable from the control population by 1 year postoperatively.
Evaluation of MRI Criteria for Cavernous Sinus Invasion in Pituitary Macroadenoma
Authors: Sol Yu Li , Lee Seung‐Koo , Choi Hyun Seok , Lee Yun Hee , Kim Jinna , Kim Sun‐Ho 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEThis study was designed to evaluate various magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) criteria for cavernous sinus (CS) invasion in preoperative evaluation of pituitary macroadenoma.METHODSThe sellar MRIs of 63 patients (47 female, 16 male; age 17‐67 years, mean of 42 years) who underwent surgery for pituitary macroadenoma were retrospectively reviewed. The following MR signs were assessed and compared with intraoperative findings, and statistical analyses were performed: (1) presence of hypointense‐line suggestive of medial wall of CS on high‐resolution coronal T2‐weighted image, (2) presence of entire rim‐enhancement around the intracavernous internal carotid artery (ICA) (“periarterial enhancement”), (3) location of the tumor in relation to the lateral intercarotid lines, and (4) angle of tumor encasement around the intracavernous ICA.RESULTSCS invasion was highly probable if periarterial enhancement was not depicted (positive predictive value, 86%; P < .001). Valuable criteria of CS invasion by logistic regression analysis were the absence of periarterial enhancement (P = .043, odds ratio = 5.23) and the angle of intracavernous ICA encased by the tumor (P = .029, odds ratio = 1.017) with a threshold value of 136.5° with a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 78.3%.CONCLUSIONSMRI criteria may be helpful in evaluating the presence of CS invasion in pituitary macroadenoma.
Microvascular Imaging in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Seidel Günter , Roessler Florian , Al‐Khaled Mohamed 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDMicrovascular imaging (MVI), a new ultrasound technology, is used to analyze brain perfusion at the patient's bedside. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of MVI in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).METHODSNineteen patients suffering from AIS (mean age, 70.9 ± 12.2 years; 47% female; mean NIHSS‐score, 12 ± 8) were investigated within the first 12 hours after symptom onset. We used the iU22 (Philips) system (S5–1 probe; low‐mechanical index; depth, 13 cm), and 2 bolus injections of an ultrasound contrast agent (2.4 mL SonoVue™ per injection). The area of maximal perfusion deficit (AMPD) was compared with infarction on follow‐up cranial computed tomography (CT) and NIHSS score 24 hours after stroke onset.RESULTSOf 19 patients, 15 patients (79%) had sufficient insonation conditions. Of these patients, 12 had infarctions. The sensitivity and specificity of detecting infarctions with ultrasound perfusion imaging were 91% and 67%, respectively. A significant correlation existed between the AMPD and NIHSS score at 24 hours after symptom onset (P= .023), and with occlusion of the internal carotid artery (P= .005).CONCLUSIONPerforming bedside MVI in the early phase of AIS provides information on brain parenchyma perfusion and prognosis of AIS.
Persistent Genital Arousal Disorder: Characterization, Etiology, and Management
Authors: Facelle Thomas M. , Sadeghi-Nejad Hossein , Goldmeier David 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Persistent genital arousal disorder (PGAD) is a potentially debilitating disorder of unwanted genital sensation and arousal that is generally spontaneous and unrelenting. Since its first description in 2001, many potential etiologies and management strategies have been suggested.

Aim
To review the literature on PGAD, identify possible causes of the disorder, and provide approaches to the assessment and treatment of the disorder based on the authors' experience and recent literature.

Methods
PubMed searches through July 2012 were conducted to identify articles relevant to persistent sexual arousal syndrome and PGAD.

Main Outcome Measures
Expert opinion was based on review of the medical literature related to this subject matter.

Results
PGAD is characterized by persistent sensations of genital arousal in the absence of sexual stimulation or emotion, which are considered unwanted and cause the patient at least moderate distress. The proposed etiologies of PGAD are plentiful and may involve a range of psychologic, pharmacologic, neurologic, and vascular causes. PGAD has been associated with other conditions including overactive bladder and restless leg syndrome. Assessment should include a through history and physical exam and tailored radiologic studies. Treatment should be aimed at reversible causes, whether physiologic or pharmacologic. All patients should be considered for cognitive therapy including mindfullness meditation and acceptance therapy.

Conclusions
PGAD likely represents a range of conditions manifesting in unwanted genital sensations. Successful treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach and consideration of all reversible causes as well as cognitive therapy.
The Pars Intermedia: An Anatomic Basis for a Coordinated Vascular Response to Female Genital Arousal
Authors: Shih Cheryl , Cold Christopher J. , Yang Claire C. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The pars intermedia is an area of the vulva that has been inconsistently described in the literature.

Aim
We conducted anatomic studies to better describe the tissues and vascular structures of the pars intermedia and proposed a functional rationale of the pars intermedia in the female sexual response.

Methods
Nine cadaveric vulvectomy specimens were used. Each was serially sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome.

Main Outcome Measures
Histologic ultrastructural description of the pars intermedia.

Results
The pars intermedia contains veins traveling longitudinally in the angle of the clitoris, supported by collagen-rich stromal tissues. These veins drain the different vascular compartments of the vulva, including the clitoris, the bulbs, and labia minora; also, the interconnecting veins link the different vascular compartments. The pars intermedia is not composed of erectile tissue, distinguishing it from the erectile tissues of the corpora cavernosa of the clitoris as well as the corpus spongiosum of the clitoral (vestibular) bulbs.

Conclusions
The venous communications of the pars intermedia, linking the erectile tissues with the other vascular compartments of the vulva, appear to provide the anatomic basis for a coordinated vascular response during female sexual arousal.
Psychological Impact of Peyronie's Disease: A Review
Authors: Nelson Christian J. , Mulhall John P. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Peyronie's disease (PD) is characterized by an accumulation of scar tissue in the tunica albuginea of the penis that causes curvature and deformity. PD can result in psychological distress, depression, or anxiety, which often goes untreated.

Aims
To review the current literature on the psychological impact of PD, educate healthcare providers about the psychological components of the disease, and propose interventions that address the psychological and sexual challenges patients and their partners may encounter.

Methods
We performed a MEDLINE search, limited to English, using the terms “Peyronie's disease” AND “psychological” OR “psychosocial,” and select references were included for review.

Main Outcome Measure
Critical review of the currently available English language literature.

Results
PD and its associated deformity often impairs sexual relations and frequently leads to psychological and psychosocial sequelae for affected individuals. Many men experience depression, low self-esteem, and emotional distress; these problems markedly diminish the quality of life for affected individuals. The literature suggests that as many as 81% of men report “emotional difficulties,” 48% report clinically meaningful depression (26% moderate; 21% severe), and 54% report relationship problems due to PD. The challenges imposed by PD include alterations in sexual relationships, restrictions on intimacy, social isolation, and stigmatization, all of which are linked and reinforce each other. Physicians may be unaware of the psychological sequelae suffered by patients and their partners.

Conclusions
Improved awareness and education about the psychological consequences and treatment options for PD are necessary among healthcare providers. To best help patients and optimize outcomes, a team-based approach is needed that includes psychosocial assessment and appropriate resource referrals for the patient and his sexual partner.
Effect of surgeon experience on postoperative plasma cortisol and C‐reactive protein concentrations after ovariohysterectomy in the dog: a randomised trial
Authors: Michelsen J , Heller J , Wills F , Noble GK 
Published: November 2012

ObjectiveTo determine if postoperative C‐reactive protein (CRP) or cortisol concentrations were significantly changed between dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy by an experienced or inexperienced surgeon. As part of the Charles Sturt University teaching program, 45 bitches from an animal shelter were surgically sterilised between March and October 2010.MethodsThe dogs were randomly assigned to surgeons, with 37 sterilised by veterinary undergraduates and 8 by experienced surgeons. Blood samples were collected preoperatively and at 2, 4 and 6 h postoperatively. A standard midline ovariohysterectomy was performed and detailed records kept.ResultsThe median surgery time for experienced surgeons was 17 min versus 87 min for inexperienced surgeons. Anaesthesia time and blood loss were greater among the inexperienced surgeons. The CRP concentration increased significantly postoperatively for all animals (P < 0.001). Bitches sterilised by inexperienced surgeons had a significantly greater rise in CRP at 4 and 6 h post‐surgery (P = 0.046). Serum cortisol concentrations were found to increase significantly over time for all animals (P < 0.001), but were not affected by surgeon experience.ConclusionThe results suggest that inexperienced surgeons affect their patients differently to experienced surgeons, potentially through tissue trauma or anaesthetic duration. The lack of difference in the cortisol concentrations reflects the large number of triggers for cortisol release and, potentially, that there was little difference between the groups in terms of perceived pain in the presence of good analgesia. Serum CRP concentration may be a more sensitive measure than serum cortisol of differences in surgical trauma.
Deforestation beyond borders: Addressing the disparity between production and consumption of global resources
Authors: Mills Busa Julianne H. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAnalysis of production and trade data from 176 countries reveals that patterns of wood product consumption and harvest differ significantly across income groups. Poorer countries’ consumption consists primarily of domestic fuelwood, yet between 1972 and 2009, low‐income countries harvested >171 million hectares of forest products for export. High‐income countries were the only group to act as net importers, suggesting that rich countries practice preservation within borders but appropriate resources from poorer countries to sustain consumption. Harvests in poorer countries do occur at relatively low harvest efficiencies, implying that losses may be attenuated via technological improvement. However, efficiency does not mitigate the effects of high consumption. Despite exceptionally high efficiencies, high‐income countries are still responsible for just as much (or more) consumption‐driven forest loss as any other group. These findings highlight the importance of reducing consumption and suggest that neither technocentric solutions nor national‐level conservation policies are sufficient means to preserve global forests.
Sampling stochasticity leads to overestimation of extinction risk in population viability analysis
Authors: Herrick Gabriel I. , Fox Gordon A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWhich method should be used for estimating extinction risk? We present four separate estimates of extinction risk for the threatened pine lily (Lilium catesbaei Walter), based on two methods of estimating abundance (direct abundance counts and Jolly–Seber abundance estimates) and two methods of estimating extinction risk (direct simulation of the stochastic exponential growth (SEG) model, and the diffusion approximation). We compare the accuracy of these four combinations with a simulated data set where simulated‐true population abundance and extinction risk is known. The Jolly–Seber method of abundance estimation in combination with direct estimation of extinction risk is the least biased combination of the four methods tested. We conclude that Jolly–Seber (or other mark‐recapture) estimates should be used in combination with direct simulation of the SEG, when sampling error is expected. For the pine lily, we conclude that risk of extinction is low in the population studied.
Effect of ciprofloxacin and grapefruit juice on oral pharmacokinetics of riluzole in Wistar rats
Authors: Ravi Punna Rao , Vats Rahul , Kora Upendra Reddy 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Objectives
The objective of this study was to explore potential drug–drug/food interactions of ciprofloxacin and grapefruit juice, known hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2 inhibitors, on single-dose oral pharmacokinetics of riluzole, a substrate of CYP 1A2 enzymes.

Methods
Pharmacokinetic parameters of riluzole were determined in Wistar rats after single-dose co-administration with ciprofloxacin and grapefruit juice. In-vitro metabolic inhibition studies using rat and human liver microsomes and intestinal absorption studies of riluzole in a rat everted gut-sac model were conducted to elucidate the mechanism of interaction. A validated HPLC method was employed to quantify riluzole in the samples obtained in various studies.

Key findings
Co-administration of ciprofloxacin with riluzole caused significant increase in systemic exposure of riluzole (area under the curve, maximum plasma concentration and mean residence time were found to increase). Co-administration of grapefruit juice with riluzole did not cause any significant difference in the pharmacokinetic parameters of riluzole. In-vitro metabolism studies demonstrated significant inhibition of riluzole metabolism when it was co-incubated with ciprofloxacin or grapefruit juice. No significant change was observed in apparent permeability of riluzole.

Conclusions
Co-administration of ciprofloxacin with riluzole increases the systemic levels of riluzole and thereby the oral pharmacokinetic properties of riluzole while co-administration of grapefruit juice with riluzole has no significant effect.
Synthesis and characterisation of novel Co(II) complexes of pyrazole carboxylate derivated of sulfonamide as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Authors: Büyükkidan Nurgün , Büyükkidan Bülent , Bülbül Metin , Kasimoğullari Rahmi , Serdar Murat , Mert Samet 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Objectives
Two new metal complexes, diaquabis(4-benzoyl-1,5-diphenyl-N-(5-sulfamoyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide)cobalt(II) dihydrate (2) and diaquabis(ethyl-1-(3-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl-3-(5-sulfamoyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylcarbamoyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate)cobalt(II) monohydrate (4), containing sulfonamide have been synthesized by the reaction of Co(II) with 4-benzoyl-1,5-diphenyl-N-(5-sulfamoyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (1) and ethyl-1-(3-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl-3-(5-sulfamoyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylcarbamoyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate (3), respectively.

Methods
The structures of Co(II) complexes 2 and 4 have been characterised by spectroscopic methods and elemental analyses. Human carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes (hCA-I and hCA-II) were purified from erythrocyte cells by affinity chromatography. The inhibitory effects of ligands 3 and 4, acetazolamide as a control compound and the newly synthesized complexes on the activity of hydratase and esterase of these isoenzymes have been studied in vitro.

Key findings
The concentration of compounds 2 and 4 producing a 50% inhibition of hydratase activity (IC50 values) were 0.473 ± 0.025 and 0.065 ± 0.002 μm for hCA-I and 0.213 ± 0.015 and 0.833 ± 0.021 μm for hCA-II, respectively. The IC50 values of synthesized compounds 2 and 4 for esterase activity were, 0.058 ± 0.006 and 0.297 ± 0.015 μm for hCA-I and 0.110 ± 0.010 and 0.052 ± 0.002 μm for hCA-II, respectively. In relation to esterase activity, the inhibition equilibrium constants (Ki) were determined as 0.039 ± 0.004 and 0.247 ± 0.035 μm on hCA-I and 0.078 ± 0.002 and 0.363 ± 0.015 μm on hCA-II for 2 and 4, respectively.

Conclusions
The synthesized compounds 2 and 4 had effective inhibitory activity (P &lt; 0.0001) on hCA-I and hCA-II than the corresponding free ligands, 1 and 3, and acetazolamide. Compounds 2 and 4 might be considered as potential inhibitors.
The roles of unit leadership and nurse–physician collaboration on nursing turnover intention
Authors: Galletta Maura , Portoghese Igor , Battistelli Adalgisa , Leiter Michael P. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimTo report a study of the relationship between variables at the group and individual level with nurses' intention to leave their unit.BackgroundWorkplaces are collective environments where workers constantly interact with each other. The quality of working relationship employees develop at the unit‐level influences both employee outcomes and unit performance by shaping employee attitudes.DesignThe study was a cross‐sectional design with self‐administered questionnaires.MethodsA questionnaire including measures of leader–member exchange and nurse–physician collaboration analysed at group‐level and affective commitment and turnover intention analysed at individual level, was administered individually to 1018 nurses in five Italian hospitals. Data were collected in 2009.ResultsA total of 832 nurses (81·7% response rate) completed questionnaires. The results showed that affective commitment at individual level completely mediated the relationship between leader–member exchange at group‐level and nursing turnover intention. Furthermore, the cross‐level interaction was significant: at individual level, the nurses with high levels of individual affective commitment towards their unit showed low levels of turnover intention and this relationship was stronger when the nurse–physician collaboration at group‐level was high.ConclusionThis study showed the importance for organizations to implement management practices that promote both high‐quality nurse–supervisor and nurse–physician relationships, because they increase nurses' identification with their units. Individual affective commitment is an important quality for retaining a workforce and good nurses' relationship at group‐level relationships with both supervisors and physicians are instrumental in developing identification with the work unit. Thus, the quality of relationship among staff members is an important factor in nurses' decision to leave.
Nursing intellectual capital theory: operationalization and empirical validation of concepts
Authors: Covell Christine L. , Sidani Souraya 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimsTo present the operationalization of concepts in the nursing intellectual capital theory and the results of a methodological study aimed at empirically validating the concepts.BackgroundThe nursing intellectual capital theory proposes that the stocks of nursing knowledge in an organization are embedded in two concepts, nursing human capital and nursing structural capital. The theory also proposes that two concepts in the work environment, nurse staffing and employer support for nursing continuing professional development, influence nursing human capital.DesignA cross‐sectional design.MethodsA systematic three‐step process was used to operationalize the concepts of the theory. In 2008, data were collected for 147 inpatient units from administrative departments and unit managers in 6 Canadian hospitals. Exploratory factor analyses were conducted to determine if the indicator variables accurately reflect their respective concepts.ResultsThe proposed indicator variables collectively measured the nurse staffing concept. Three indicators were retained to construct nursing human capital: clinical expertise and experience concept. The nursing structural capital and employer support for nursing continuing professional development concepts were not validated empirically.ConclusionThe nurse staffing and the nursing human capital: clinical expertise and experience concepts will be brought forward for further model testing. Refinement for some of the indicator variables of the concepts is indicated. Additional research is required with different sources of data to confirm the findings.