bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Novel Use of Unmanned Video Objective Structured Clinical Examination Stations in Pediatric Resident Training: Results and Insights
Authors: Altamimi Ibraheem , Alqarni Baraah , Assiri Heba , Saeed Elshazaly , Alsubaihin Abdulmajeed , Alhasan Khalid , Temsah Mohamad-Hani 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) is vital in assessing medical trainees’ clinical competence. Unlike the traditional resource-intensive OSCE, video-based OSCE has advantages like asynchronous assessment and more immediate feedback. However, their applicability and effectiveness in pediatric residency training are less explored. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and outcomes of using unmanned video OSCE stations in pediatric residency training.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 79 pediatric residents participating in OSCE mock stations. Video clips showing real-life clinical scenarios were played. Residents then responded electronically to scenario-related multiple-choice questions. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze residents’ responses to multiple-choice questions.

Results:
In a study of 79 physicians, the majority were female (63.3%) and under 34 years old (62%), with most receiving their training outside Riyadh (79.7%). Their clinical understanding, assessed through a nonmanned OSCE video, varied: 16.5% accurately diagnosed spinal muscular atrophy in infants, while 48.1% correctly identified laryngomalacia in 2-month-olds. The average knowledge score was 2.89 out of 7, with a standard deviation of 1.19. Notably, 43% answered three scenarios correctly. Analysis showed no significant correlation between the physicians’ gender, age, or training location and their knowledge scores, indicating diverse expertise levels irrespective of these demographic factors.

Conclusion:
Unmanned video OSCE stations show promise in enhancing pediatric residency training assessments by providing instant feedback and streamlining the evaluation process. However, challenges and the need for targeted interventions should be considered. Future research should focus on refining technology integration and assessing long-term impacts on residents’ clinical skills and patient care outcomes. Ensuring the privacy and security of video recordings is essential in this technologically evolving landscape.
Effect of Adding a Six-Week Course of Doxycycline to Intensive Hygiene-Based Care for Improving Lymphedema in a Rural Setting of Mali: A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled 24-Month Trial
Authors: Coulibaly Yaya I. , Diabate Abdoul F. , Sangare Moussa , Thera Sekou O. , Dolo Housseini , Doumbia Salif S. , Coulibaly Siaka Y. , Diarra Ayouba , Diarra Lamine , Tanapo Diadje , Coulibaly Michel E. , Soumaoro Lamine , Diallo Abdallah A. , Zeguime Amatigue , Sanogo Yacouba , Berthe Adama , Konipo Fatoumata Dite Nene , Mackenzie Charles , Stephens Mariana , Shott Joseph P. , Norman Jayla , Klarmann-Schulz Ute , Hoerauf Achim , Majewski Andrew , Horton John , Sullivan Sarah , Ottesen Eric A. , Nutman Thomas B. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT.
Lymphedema (LE) is one the most disfiguring chronic manifestations of lymphatic filariasis. Its management relies primarily on limb hygiene and local care. A previous study in Ghana demonstrating a beneficial effect of doxycycline on LE led to the current multicenter trial on the efficacy of doxycycline in filarial LE. A randomized placebo-controlled trial was initiated in two rural health districts in Mali. Patients with LE stages 1–3 were randomized to receive either doxycycline (200 mg/day) or placebo over a 6-week monitored treatment period and were then followed every 6 months for 2 years. Both groups received materials for limb hygiene that was carried out daily for the entire 2-year study. The primary endpoint was lack of progression in LE stage at 24 months. One hundred patients were enrolled in each study arm. The baseline sociodemographic characteristics of each group were largely similar. There was no significant difference at month 24 after treatment initiation in the number of subjects showing progression in LE stage between the two treatment arms (P = 0.5921). Importantly, however, the number of attacks of acute adenolymphangitis (ADLA) was reduced in both arms, but there was no significant difference between the two groups at any follow-up time point (all P >0.23). Doxycycline was well tolerated in those receiving the drug. When added to daily self-administered limb hygiene, a 6-week course of doxycycline (200 mg) was not superior to placebo in increasing the improvement associated with hygiene alone in LE volume, stage, or frequency of ADLA attacks over a 24-month period.
Large (≥3-Millimeter) Parenchymal Brain Calcified Cysticerci Are More Often Associated with Hippocampal Atrophy than Smaller Ones in Seizure-Free Individuals with a Single Lesion
Authors: Del Brutto Oscar H. , Rumbea Denisse A. , Arias Emilio E. , Mera Robertino M. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT.
Calcified cysticerci are often associated with hippocampal atrophy (HA). While most studies suggest that repetitive seizures cause HA in these patients, others have demonstrated that HA may also occur in persons without epilepsy. Little is known about mechanisms triggering HA in seizure-free individuals with calcified cysticerci. Here, we aimed to assess whether the size of the calcification is associated with HA. Using a population-based design, we selected apparently seizure-free individuals with a single calcified cysticercus in whom interictal paroxysmal activity and other causes of HA have been discarded. A total of 55 individuals (mean age, 58.3 ± 13 years, 62% women) fulfilled inclusion criteria. Unadjusted and multivariate models were fitted to assess the association between the size of the calcification dichotomized into <3 mm and ≥3 mm (exposure) and the presence of HA (outcome). Sixteen participants (29%) had HA, which was asymmetric in eight (50%) cases. Hippocampal atrophy was noted in 11/20 (55%) participants with large calcifications and in 5/35 (14%) with small calcifications (P = 0.001). A multivariate logistic regression model showed a significant association between the presence of large calcifications and HA, after adjustment for relevant confounders (odds ratio: 7.78; 95% CI: 1.72–35.1). Participants with calcifications ≥3 mm in diameter were 7.8 times more likely to have HA than those with smaller ones. Study results open avenues of research for the use of agents to prevent HA progression.
Assessment of Health Literacy and Health Promoting Behaviors among the Urban Adult Population
Authors: Ranjbaran Soheila , Chollou Khalil Maleki , Babazadeh Towhid 
Published: July 2024

Background: The main criteria of health determinants are Health Promoting Behaviors (HPBs) and Health Literacy (HL). This study aimed to assess HL and HPBs among the urban population of adults.
Methods: This study was conducted as a cross-sectional study with 379 adults in Iran. The inclusion criteria was that participants were randomly selected from health centers using health records. Data were collected by demographic information questionnaire, Health Literacy for Iranian Adults (HELIA) and Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP-II). Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, and Pearson’s r correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data. Also, the hierarchical regression analysis was used to adjust for confounders.
Results: There was a significant association between HL and demographic factors, including age, gender and education level. HL dimensions were significantly correlated with HPBs of adults (p <0.05). Decision-making was the strongest HL dimension to predictive HPBs (β=0.606). In this study, 49.7% of the variation in HPBs is predicted by the HL, and the demographic characteristics.
Conclusions: It can be advantageous to design programs to promote HL and HPBs in adults, focusing on the aging group, gender, and education level.
Assessment of Serum Uric Acid, Urea, and Glucose Levels and Associated Factors among Breast Cancer Patients Attending A Tertiary Hospital in Bahirdar, Ethiopia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Tinfash Kebede  , Tadele Melak  , Abu Ali Ibn Sina  , Alebachew Fasil  
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is currently become a major public health problem in both developed and developing regions, it is one of the most common surgical problems in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study assessed serum uric acid, urea, and glucose levels and associated factors among benign, malignant breast cancer patients and apparently healthy women attending at Felege-Hiwot comprehensive Specialized Hospital.
METHODS: Hospital based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among benign, malignant breast cancer patients and apparently healthy women attending at Felege-Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Out of 178 study participants 66 benign and 23 malignant fine needle aspirate cytology confirmed breast cancer patients and 89 apparently healthy women, included. Multivariable logistic regression models used to measure the strength of associations. A P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS: Majority of the study participants, 81(91%) controls, 55(83.3%) benign, and 17(73.9%) malignant cases were premenopausal. Serum glucose 144.47±74.35 and uric acid 6.84±2.54 levels were significantly elevated in malignant cases than control (p-value< 0.05). Patients with malignant status were 4.38 times more likely to have hyperglycemia (AOR=4.38, 95%CI: 1.98-19.97) and 5.53 times more likely have hyperuricemia (AOR=20.43-95% CI: 6.80- 61.23), 4 times more likely to have uremia (AOR=4.09, 95% CI: 1.06-15.91) compared to apparently healthy women.
CONCLUSION: Serum glucose, and uric acid levels were significantly higher in malignant and benign cases compared with apparently healthy women. Family history of breast cancer, body mass index, systolic hypertension, comorbidity, residence and menopausal status were significantly associated with hyperglycemia, uremia and hyperuricemia.
COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and its Reasons in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Tamrat Assefa Tadesse  , Ashenafi Antheneh  , Ashenafi Teklu  , Asres Teshome  , Bemnet Alemayehu  , Alemu Belayneh  , Dessale Abate  , Alfoalem Araba Abiye  
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccine hesitancy becomes the major bottleneck to the global healthcare system in minimizing the spread of the virus. This study aimed at assessing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and its reasons among residents of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted between May 16 to 29, 2021 in purposively selected four districts of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A structured questionnaire was developed and then designed on Google Forms platforms to collect data from study participants after obtaining a verbal consent form. A total of 422 study participants were included in the survey. Data were entered into Microsoft Excel and then exported to the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 for analysis.
RESULTS: Face masks and alcohol hand rub/ sanitizer are used by 50. 7 and 24.9% of respondents when required. COVID-19 was thought to have been generated by humans by a substantial percentage of study participants (38.2%). About half (50.7%) and 24.9% of respondents use face masks and alcohol hand rub/sanitizer always when it is required, respectively. A large number of study participants (38.2%) believed that origin of COVID-19 is man-made. Overall, 242 (57.4%) of study participants reported COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Fear of vaccine side effects (49.6%) was the most common reason for hesitancy. Doubt about its effectiveness (33.9%), not having enough information about the COVID-19 vaccine, preferring another way of protection, and unreliable of the vaccine (due to its short development period) were also the most frequently mentioned reasons for not receiving the COVID-19 vaccine.
CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy rate was high in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia during the study period. Fear of side effects, doubts about its effectiveness, and not having enough information about the COVID-19 vaccine were major reasons for hesitancy. Continuous awareness creation to the community on the importance of vaccination is warranted by health professionals and healthcare cadres.
Postnatal Care Utilization and Associated Factors among Mothers who gave Birth in the Aysaeta District, Northeast Ethiopia: A Community Based Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Mohammed Ahmed Ibrahim  , Kusse Urmale Mare  , Mohammed Nur  
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Postnatal care is given to mothers and newborn babies within 42 days of delivery. It is a period of high maternal and newborn mortality and is also the most neglected in terms of maternal health services in many parts of the world. This study aimed to assess postnatal care and associated factors among mothers who gave birth in the year preceding the survey of the Ayssaeta district.
METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 406 mothers who gave birth in the year preceding the survey from August 02–30, 2020. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were done to identify factors associated with postnatal care utilization.
RESULTS: Slightly greater than four out of ten mothers have visited postnatal care units at least once. Living in urban areas, giving birth in a health facility, having complications during labor and after, and getting advice during antenatal care visits were associated with higher odds of postnatal care utilization.
CONCLUSION: Less than half of the mothers received postnatal care following the delivery of their last child. Living in an urban, place of delivery, experiencing labor and postpartum complications, and receiving postnatal care advice during antenatal care have affected the utilization of postnatal care. Promoting skilled delivery and antenatal care with a focus on rural areas can help mothers learn about postnatal care and increase the number of mothers who use it.
Explaining the Concept of Self-Care Competence and Its Dimensions in Elderly Women with Knee Osteoarthritis in Iran: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Faranak Kooranian  , Zohreh ParsaYekta  , Maryam Rassouli  
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Chronic diseases, especially knee osteoarthritis, are more likely to occur among women with the increase in age. Self-care is an effective strategy for the management of disease in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Therefore, recognizing the dimensions of self-care competence in elderly women with knee osteoarthritis is particularly important for long-term management of the disease. The current study aimed to explain the concept and dimensions of self-care competence in elderly women with knee osteoarthritis.
METHODS: This qualitative study was conducted using a conventional content analysis method proposed by Graneheim and Landman, from March to November 2020 in Mashhad (one of the largest cities in Iran). A total of 19 participants including 11 elderly women with knee osteoarthritis, 4 first-degree relatives and 4 medical staff were selected by the purposive sampling. Data were collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews which continued until data saturation was reached. The MAXQDA (Version 10) was used to organize, code, and manage the data.
FINDINGS: Three main themes including "symptom management", "personal growth" and "social cohesion" were emerged as the dimensions of self-care competence in elderly women with knee osteoarthritis.
CONCLUSION: Understanding the dimensions of self-care competence as one of the basic needs of the elderly women with knee osteoarthritis who live alone, is very important. Symptoms management, personal growth, and social cohesion as dimensions of self-care competence among this group of the elderly help to develop self-care competence interventions based on their needs.
Spinal Anaesthesia for Urological Surgery: A Comparison of Isobaric Solutions of Levobupivacaine and Ropivacaine with Dexmedetomidine
Authors: Bhagyesh Sushchendra Kame  , Vaishali U Kumar  , Anand Subramaniam  
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Subarachnoid block is used in most of urological surgeries and finding the best possible drug has always been a challenge. Bupivacaine’s pure enantiomers ropivacaine and levobupivacaine have lesser systemic toxicity. Isobaric solution has extra benefit of not affecting the intrathecal dispersion of drug. Dexmedetomidine when added intrathecally provides longer duration of analgesia and anaesthesia. Aim of this study is to compare onset, duration of the block with both the drugs along with their hemostability and postoperative analgesia.
METHODS: It is a Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Study. It includes 68 patients undergoing urological procedures under subarachnoid block. Group LD: Patients will receive 3.5 ml of Isobaric Levobupivacaine 0.5% + Dexmedetomidine 10 μg (0.1ml) Group RD: will receive 3.5ml of Isobaric Ropivacaine 0.5% + Dexmedetomidine 10 μg (0.1ml)
RESULTS: Time taken for onset of sensory and motor block is significantly more in ropivacaine while duration of block is more in levobupivacaine.
CONCLUSION: Addition of Dexmedetomidine to Isobaric Levobupivacaine significantly prolongs the duration of analgesia and anaesthesia compared to Ropivacaine and maintains stable hemodynamics. Ropivacaine is a suitable drug for day care whilst levobupivacaine is an excellent agent for longer surgeries. Dexmedetomidine is an effective non-opioid adjuvant which improves effectiveness of block without increasing the risk of side effects.
Mostafa Maged Maneuver to Control Post-Partum Hemorrhage during Vaginal Delivery
Authors: Mostafa Maged Ali  
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: This study is aimed to introduce a new technique used in controlling the postpartum bleeding during normal vaginal delivery.
METHODS: This study was conducted on 150 pregnant women aged 18 years or more who were eligible for normal vaginal delivery. After placental delivery, Mostafa Maged maneuver was applied. The amount of blood loss was estimated by counting the number of pads immediately before applying the maneuver compared to the number of pads immediately after applying the maneuver to determine the effectiveness of the Mostafa Maged maneuver.
RESULTS: The study revealed that 15.3% of the study group had atony, and 23.3% were complicated with postpartum hemorrhage. In terms of blood loss, the average number of pads used before Mostafa Maged compression was (2.8) pads, with a range of 1 to 6 pads. The mean blood loss volume was (353.3±158.5) ml ranging between 125 and 750 ml. we should consider that Mostafa Maged maneuver is immediately applied after placental delivery. That is why small amount of 125 ml of blood loss in few patients is estimated, which decreased to (0.54±0.14) pads ranging between 0.5 and 1 pad with a mean (65.2±17.7) ml blood loss ranging between 60 and 125 ml after applying Mostafa Maged maneuver during normal vaginal delivery. There was a statistical decrease in the number of pads and volume of blood loss after Mostafa Maged maneuver.
CONCLUSION: Mostafa Maged maneuver was found to be effective in stopping and preventing postpartum bleeding during vaginal delivery as this maneuver is used as a prophylaxis against post-partum hemorrhage in patients with risk factors of post-partum hemorrhage. It is also used to control post-partum hemorrhage during vaginal delivery. It has been proven to be tolerable, easy to learn and easy to perform.
The Effectiveness of Cefazolin Prophylaxis on Infection after Transureteral Lithotripsy: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Mohammad Taheri  , Ahmad Kameli  , Ramin Haghighi  
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Transureteral lithotripsy (TUL) is one of the most common surgeries in urology, and many TUL procedures have been performed with antibiotics prophylaxis. The present study investigates the effect of antibiotic prophylaxis on the rate of urinary infection after TUL.
METHODS: This double-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted on 158 patients with ureteral stones, with 79 in each group: the prophylaxis cefazolin group (Group A) and the placebo group (Group B). The patients were referred to Imam Hassan Hospital in Bojnurd, Iran. The standard technique of TUL operation was performed using a pneumatic lithoclast and a semirigid 9/8/Fr ureteroscope. The bacterial isolates were identified through growth on EMB agar and blood agar. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing (AST) was carried out by disc diffusion technique.
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RESULTS: According to our results, 157 patients were eligible for analysis; 79 patients in Group A and 78 patients in Group B. Flank pain and urinary complaints were the most common symptoms. Our findings indicate that cefazolin prophylaxis did not show any significant differences in preventing postoperative infection between the two groups. E. coli accounted for eight 10.1% (8/79) Group A and 9% (7/78) in Group B, respectively. The results of AST for the 15 E. coli strains revealed a high rate of antibiotic resistance against ampicillin (73.3%).
CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that prophylactic antibiotic administration does not demonstrate effectiveness in reducing the infection rate following TUL surgery. Antibiotic prophylaxis is not recommended considering the potential adverse effects, cost implications, risk of antibiotic resistance, and lack of efficacy.
Anemia Prevalence and Socioeconomic Status among Adolescent Girls in Rural Western India: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Manisha Nitin Gore  , Madeline Elizabeth Drozd  , Reshma Sudhir Patil  
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Anemia poses a significant challenge among Indian adolescent girls due to their heightened vulnerability, resulting from increased micronutrient requirements, rapid physical growth, menstrual blood loss, inadequate nutrition, and socioeconomic disparities. This study sought to evaluate the prevalence of anemia, along with socioeconomic and nutritional statuses among adolescent girls attending rural public schools in Pune, India.
METHODS: A sample of 400 girls was selected from 22 villages through Symbiosis International University. Hemoglobin levels were assessed using the HemoCue 201 system, while standardized protocols were employed for height, weight, and BMI-for-age measurements. Socioeconomic status was determined using the Kuppuswamy scale.
RESULTS: The findings revealed an overall anemia prevalence of (42.75%), comprising severe (2.5%), moderate (21%) and mild (20.25%) cases. Additionally, a substantial proportion (74.6%) of girls were classified as underweight. Socioeconomic analysis disclosed that 64.25% of families belonged to the lower middle class, and 27% in the upper lower class. Anemia was more prevalent in young adolescent girls (10-14 years) and in the families of adolescents who had low income, were illiterate, unemployed, and belonged to the lower-middle class and upper-lower-class socio-economic status (SES) and did not have a bank account.
CONCLUSION: Anemia was prevalent in adolescent girls and associated with low SES. This study underscores the limitations of relying solely on the distribution of iron and folic acid tablets to combat anemia. A holistic strategy is imperative, encompassing improvements in SES of families (literacy, employment and income), as well as initiatives aimed at enhancing the nutritional status of adolescent girls.