bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungal species Funneliformis mosseae and biochar against Verticillium dahliae in pepper plants under salt stress
Authors: Güneş Hasret , Demir Semra , Durak Emre Demirer , Boyno Gökhan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBoth biotic and abiotic stress factors play an important role in reducing the growth and productivity of many crops. In this study, the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and biochar (Bc) were investigated against Verticillium dahliae (Vd) disease in pepper plants grown under salt stress. These effects were evaluated on enzyme activities, salt tolerance, disease severity, plant growth and physiological characteristics. In this study, pepper was treated with 2% biochar, Funneliformis mosseae (Fm), Vd and different concentrations of salt (0 mM, 50 mM, 100 mM, 150 mM). The interaction of Fm and 2% Bc significantly increased the morphological parameters of the plant and the plant tolerated salt and Vd under combined high stress conditions of biotic (Vd) and abiotic (salt) stresses. It was also shown that Fm had a different effect than Bc on the membrane injury index (MII; %) and had a significant effect on leaf relative water content (LRWC; %). In addition, Vd increased mycorrhizal reliance, with the higher spore density of AMF higher disease severity observed in treatments involving Fm and Fm + Bc. Furthermore, phenol and antioxidant values were altered in Vd treatments, while Fm decreased CAT enzyme activation. Therefore, this study supports that AMF + biochar used in sustainable agriculture increases plant resistance to the soil pathogen (V. dahliae) and the salt stresses.
A Delicate Balancing Act: Integrative Pluralism and the Pursuit of Unified Theories
Authors: Miłkowski Marcin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the interplay between integrative explanatory pluralism and the quest for unified theories. We argue that when grounded in virtues associated with satisfactory explanations, integrative pluralism exhibits an inherent instability stemming from the conflict between the demand for unity and the commitment to preserving a patchwork of disparate partial explanations. A case study in cognitive science illuminates the challenges of maintaining both systematicity and depth in explanations within this framework. While this instability does not render integrative pluralism fundamentally flawed, it stresses the importance of a diachronic analysis of scientific dynamics and norms. The conclusion highlights the continued value of integrative pluralism in interdisciplinary research programs, while emphasizing its role as a temporary rather than permanent approach.
Yield and growth duration of Maroon rice landraces measured in traditional settings
Authors: Pinas Nicholaas M. , Tjoe Awie Jerry R. , Dongstra R. Evanne , Maat Harro , Schranz M. Eric , van de Loosdrecht Marieke S. , van Andel Tinde 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Rice, the most consumed cereal worldwide, has two domesticated species: Asian and African rice. Commercial cultivars, almost all Asian rice, are mostly selected for high yields. Traditional landraces are often selected for different traits, such as time to maturity or resistance against common stress factors, including bird attacks and poor soils. Maroons, descendants of enslaved Africans in Suriname and French Guiana, cultivate a rich diversity of rice landraces. They categorize landraces into short, medium, and long-maturation and maintain that fast-ripening crops with moderate yields facilitated their flight from enslavement, while once settled in a safe place, there was time for landraces with longer ripening periods and higher yields. Previous authors assumed that all Maroon landraces had low yields (700–1000 kg/ha), but their performance in traditional farming systems had never been investigated. We followed the growth and harvest of 28 Maroon rice landraces and two commercial cultivars in Maroon farmer fields, using traditional farming methods, at three locations. We show that, in farmer-managed fields, Maroon rice can yield 2600 kg/ha (average 1665 kg/ha), without any agrochemicals or machinery. Contrastingly, the commercial cultivars in Maroon farmer fields had a low yield (625–1205 kg/ha), partly due to bird predation. The maturation time varied between 110 and 183 days, but the three Maroon maturation categories showed significant overlap. Our study indicates that Maroon rice performance can only be fairly evaluated if measurements are taken in traditional Maroon farming systems, since this is the environment in which these landraces were originally selected.
Solid–Liquid Phase Equilibrium of the n-Nonane + n-Undecane System for Low-Temperature Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Sequeira Maria C. M. , Nikitin Timur , Caetano Fernando J. P. , Diogo Hermínio P. , Fareleira João M. N. A. , Fausto Rui 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe current article presents an exploration of the solid–liquid phase diagram for a binary system comprising n-alkanes with an odd number of carbon atoms, specifically n-nonane (n-C9) and n-undecane (n-C11). This binary system exhibits promising characteristics for application as a phase change material (PCM) in low-temperature thermal energy storage (TES), due to the fusion temperatures of the individual components, thereby motivating an in-depth investigation of the solid–liquid phase diagram of their mixtures. The n-nonane (n-C9) + n-undecane (n-C11) solid–liquid phase equilibrium study herein reported includes the construction of the phase diagram using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) data, complemented with Hot–Stage Microscopy (HSM) and low-temperature Raman Spectroscopy results. From the DSC analysis, both the temperature and the enthalpy of solid–solid and solid–liquid transitions were obtained. The binary system n-C9 + n-C11 has evidenced a congruent melting solid solution at low temperatures. In particular, the blend with a molar composition xundecane = 0.10 shows to be a congruent melting solid solution with a melting point at 215.84 K and an enthalpy of fusion of 13.6 kJ·mol–1. For this reason, this system has confirmed the initial signs to be a candidate with good potential to be applied as a PCM in low-temperature TES applications. This work aims not only to contribute to gather information on the solid–liquid phase equilibrium on the system n-C9 + n-C11, which presently are not available in the literature, but especially to obtain essential and practical information on the possibility to use this system as PCM at low temperatures. The solid–liquid phase diagram of the system n-C9 + n-C11 is being published for the first time, as far as the authors are aware.
Combinatorial intervention with dental pulp stem cells and sulfasalazine in a rat model of ulcerative colitis
Authors: Aly Riham M. , Abohashem Rehab S. , Ahmed Hanaa H. , Halim Alyaa S. Abdel 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that involves inflammation of the colon lining and rectum. Although a definitive cure for IBD has not been identified, various therapeutic approaches have been proposed to mitigate the symptomatic presentation of this disease, primarily focusing on reducing inflammation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of combining dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) with sulfasalazine in an acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis rat model and to assess the impact of this combination on the suppression of inflammatory cytokines and the regulation of oxidative stress in vivo.

Methods
Ulcerative colitis was induced in rats through transrectal administration of 3% acetic acid. The therapeutic effect of combining DPSCs and sulfasalazine on UC was evaluated by measuring the colonic weight/length ratio and edema markers; performing histopathological investigations of colon tissue; performing immunohistochemical staining for NF-κB-P65 and IL-1β; and evaluating oxidative stress and antioxidant indices via ELISA. Moreover, the proinflammatory markers NF-κB-P65, TNF-α and TLR-4 were assessed in colon tissue via ELISA. Furthermore, qRT‒PCR was used to estimate the expression levels of the TLR-4, NF-κB-P65, and MYD88 genes in colon tissue.

Results
The investigated macroscopic and microscopic signs of inflammation were markedly improved after the combined administration of sulfasalazine and DPSCs, where a noticeable improvement in histological structure, with an intact mucosal epithelium and mild inflammatory infiltration in the mucosa and submucosa, with slight hemorrhage. The administration of either DPSCs or sulfasalazine, either individually or in combination, significantly reduced ROS levels and significantly increased XOD activity. The immunohistochemical results demonstrated that the combined administration of DPSCs and sulfasalazine attenuated NFκB-p65 and IL-1β expression. Finally, the combined administration of DPSCs and sulfasalazine significantly downregulated MyD88, NF-κB and TLR4 gene expression.

Conclusions
Cotreatment with DPSCs and sulfasalazine had synergistic effects on ulcerative colitis, and these effects were relieved.
Examination of the Potential Moderating Role of Psychological Wellbeing in the Relationship Between Depression and Thoughts of Self-Harm in Autistic Adolescents and Adults: A Two-Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Hedley Darren , Uljarević Mirko , Bury Simon M. , Haschek Alexandra , Richdale Amanda L. , Trollor Julian N. , Stokes Mark A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeAutistic people have a significantly increased risk of death by suicide relative to the general population. In non-autistic samples, psychological wellbeing has been shown to moderate the relationship between depression and suicidal thoughts and behavior. Thoughts of self-harm may provide a useful indicator of suicidal risk. In this longitudinal study we examined (a) the potential role for psychological wellbeing to moderate the relationship between depressive symptoms and thoughts of self-harm and (b) the contribution of autistic traits to thoughts of self-harm.MethodsParticipants were 209 autistic adolescents and adults aged 15 to 80 years (Mage= 34.20,SD = 15.38 years).ResultsAt both baseline and 2-year follow-up, 35% of participants reported recent thoughts of self-harm. Wellbeing was associated with autistic traits (r =− .350 to − 0.404) and depression (r =− .480 to − 0.759). Thoughts of self-harm were positively associated with autistic traits and depression (r = .242 to 0.659), and negatively associated with wellbeing (r =− .287 to − 0.609). Controlling for baseline thoughts of self-harm, depression (β = 0.254,p = .001) and autistic traits (β = 0.162,p = .007) significantly predicted thoughts of self-harm at 2-year follow-up.ConclusionDespite a lack of support for the hypothesis that wellbeing would moderate the relationship between depression and thoughts of self-harm, correlational data demonstrated significant associations between wellbeing and both depression and thoughts of self-harm. Future research considering psychological wellbeing as a potential protective factor for self-harm in autistic people is warranted.
Microalgal lipid production: A comparative analysis of Nannochloropsis and Microchloropsis strains
Authors: Abdelkarim Omnia H. , Wijffels Rene H. , Barbosa Maria J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe oleaginous genera Nannochloropsis and Microchloropsis are recognized for their lipid accumulation capacity. Microalgal lipid accumulation is triggered by nitrogen starvation, negatively affecting photosynthesis and growth. Moreover, light and temperature play pivotal roles in microalgal physiology, lipid accumulation and composition. This study focuses on comparing the responses of eight microalgal strains from Nannochloropsis (N. oceanica Necton, N. oceanica IMET1, Nannochloropsis. sp. CCAP211/78, N. oculata, and N. limnetica) and Microchloropsis (M. gaditana CCFM01, M.gaditana CCMP526, and M.salina) to light, temperature, and nitrogen availability. Biomass, lipid content and productivities were monitored under different light intensities (150 (LL) and 600 μmol photons m−2 s−1 (HL)) and temperatures (15, 25, 30℃) under nitrogen (N-) starvation and replete conditions. Under N-starvation and HL, N. sp. exhibited the highest lipid content (59%) and productivity (0.069 g L-1 day-1), while N. oculata had the lowest lipid content (37.5%) and productivity (0.037 g L-1 day-1) among the eight strains. Notably, M. gaditana CCFM01 achieved the highest EPA content (4.7%), contrasting with N.oceanica IMET1 lowest EPA content (2.9%) under 150 μmol photons m−2 s−1 and N-repletion. The response to temperature fluctuations under LL was strain-dependent. Microchloropsis salina and M. gaditana CCFM01 demonstrated the highest and lowest lipid productivities (0.069 g L-1 day-1 and 0.022 g L-1 day-1, respectively) at 15℃ under N-starvation. Moreover, significant EPA accumulation across various strains was observed in N. oculata (5.7%) under N-repletion at 15°C, surpassing M. gaditana CCFM01 by 40%. Ultimately, the physiological responses to cultivation conditions vary markedly among microalgal strains, even within the same genus or species. This knowledge is essential for selecting suitable strains for the efficient microalgal lipid production industry.
Graphical Abstract
Optimi zing cultivation conditions for the maximal lipid production in Nannochloropsis andMicrochloropsis
Synergistic effects of heterotrophic and phototrophic metabolism for Haematococcus lacustris grown under mixotrophic conditions
Authors: Stegemüller Lars , Valverde-Pérez Borja , Thygesen Anders , Angelidaki Irini 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMixotrophic cultivation of Haematococcus lacustris is one of the most promising strategies to produce natural astaxanthin. During mixotrophic growth, microalgae assimilate and metabolize organic carbon in addition to photosynthetic growth, resulting in increased biomass productivity. Several studies have evaluated the effect of different organic carbon sources on mixotrophic growth in various microalgae species. However, knowledge of detailed growth kinetics as a function of substrate concentration and light intensity is lacking. In this study, the growth kinetics of H. lacustris using four different carbon sources and the effect of light under mixotrophic and photoautotrophic conditions are described. Mixotrophic cultivation showed significant differences in respect to applied substrate and achieved maximum specific growth rates of 0.91 ± 0.13, 0.19 ± 0.05, 0.36 ± 0.05, and 0.23 ± 0.05 day−1, for acetate, methanol, glucose, and glycerol, respectively. Optimal growth at mixotrophic conditions using acetate was 1.8 times higher than the sum of hetero- and photoautotrophic growth. Furthermore, the optimum light intensity was 1.3 times higher for mixotrophic than for autotrophic growth. Thus, mixotrophy increases light intensity tolerance. These results indicate a strong interconnection between carbon metabolism and photosynthetic activity and lay the foundation for more detailed mathematical models describing the mixotrophic growth of H. lacustris.
Graphical Abstract
Machine learning applications for electrospun nanofibers: a review
Authors: Subeshan Balakrishnan , Atayo Asonganyi , Asmatulu Eylem 
Published: July 2024

AbstractElectrospun nanofibers have gained prominence as a versatile material, with applications spanning tissue engineering, drug delivery, energy storage, filtration, sensors, and textiles. Their unique properties, including high surface area, permeability, tunable porosity, low basic weight, and mechanical flexibility, alongside adjustable fiber diameter distribution and modifiable wettability, make them highly desirable across diverse fields. However, optimizing the properties of electrospun nanofibers to meet specific requirements has proven to be a challenging endeavor. The electrospinning process is inherently complex and influenced by numerous variables, including applied voltage, polymer concentration, solution concentration, solution flow rate, molecular weight of the polymer, and needle-to-collector distance. This complexity often results in variations in the properties of electrospun nanofibers, making it difficult to achieve the desired characteristics consistently. Traditional trial-and-error approaches to parameter optimization have been time-consuming and costly, and they lack the precision necessary to address these challenges effectively. In recent years, the convergence of materials science and machine learning (ML) has offered a transformative approach to electrospinning. By harnessing the power of ML algorithms, scientists and researchers can navigate the intricate parameter space of electrospinning more efficiently, bypassing the need for extensive trial-and-error experimentation. This transformative approach holds the potential to significantly reduce the time and resources invested in producing electrospun nanofibers with specific properties for a wide range of applications. Herein, we provide an in-depth analysis of current work that leverages ML to obtain the target properties of electrospun nanofibers. By examining current work, we explore the intersection of electrospinning and ML, shedding light on advancements, challenges, and future directions. This comprehensive analysis not only highlights the potential of ML in optimizing electrospinning processes but also provides valuable insights into the evolving landscape, paving the way for innovative and precisely engineered electrospun nanofibers to meet the target properties for various applications.
Graphical abstract
Evaluating polyanthranilic acid as a polymeric template for the production of Prussian blue nanoclusters
Authors: Gilpin Victoria , McCormick Rachel , McMath Regan , Smith Robert B. , Papakonstantinou Pagona , Davis James 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe electropolymerization of anthranilic acid (2-aminobenzoic acid) has been shown to lead to the production of a redox polymer functionalized with carboxylate groups capable of complexing metal ions. The polymer was exploited as a means of capturing ferric ion from solution with the iron decorated polymer chains used as seeding points for the formation of Prussian blue (PB). Nanoclusters of PB were dispersed throughout the three-dimensional polymer matrix with deposition achieved through direct electrochemical means or via a dip process. The latter exploited the chemical combination of Fe(III) + Ferrocyanide to yield PB allowing its dispersal of the PB throughout the polymer film. The polymer film and its subsequent modification have been characterized by electron microscopy, X-ray analysis, Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical analysis. The stability toward peroxide has also been explored.
Graphical Abstract
Investigation of the structural and magnetic properties of rapidly solidified Nd–Fe–B–Ce alloys
Authors: Aytekin Orkun , Kurban Rifat , Durmuş Ali , Çolak Hakan , Karaköse Ercan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study introduces the first literature report of rapidly solidified Nd–Fe–B–Ce alloys fabricated using the melt-spinning technique at varying disc rotation speeds. The resulting alloy images are then analyzed using various image processing techniques, and their structural and magnetic characteristics are described. The alloys are characterized using a variety of methods, including x-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), differential thermal analysis (DTA), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), and Vickers microhardness tests. By using XRD, the tetragonal hard magnetic Nd2Fe14B phase is detected in the Nd30Fe65B0.9Ce5 alloy. The FE-SEM microstructure analysis shows that the grain structure of the ingot alloy is indistinct, and the tetragonal symmetric structure begins to appear at disc rotation speeds of 20 m/s and 40 m/s. The analysis of FE-SEM images using histogram analysis, the image segmentation technique, and VSM method reveals that the coercivity values of the sample produced at the 80 m/s solidification speed increased by approximately 34% when compared to the ingot alloy.
Highly Fluorescent π-Conjugated Azomethines and Divalent Metal Complexes as Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Nominees
Authors: Baydeniz Şeyma Nur Ural , Uçan Halil İsmet , Sevgi Fatih , Obalı İhsan , Yılmaz Obalı Aslıhan 
Published: July 2024

Abstractπ-Conjugated azomethine ligands differing in the naphthalene or phenylmethane-centered core structure and their divalent cobalt, nickel, copper, and zinc metal complexes were prepared and well-characterized by spectral analyses in solid state. Magnetic natures of the complexes were determined by magnetic susceptibility measurements in solid-state. Their remarkable photophysical characteristics were recorded by Uv–vis and Fluorescence spectroscopic techniques. At their excitation wavelenght of 265 nm, all molecules exhibited triple fluorescence emission bands with promising intensities above 673 nm in near infra-red region. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of the π-conjugated azomethines are promising for potential applications in medical and healthcare settings. Hence, the antibacterial/antibiofilm activity of the π-conjugated azomethine ligands and their metal complexes against some clinically important bacteria namely Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis was investigated, and the obtained results have shown that the ligands and complexes had a remarkable antibacterial effect, especially on Proteus mirabilis. Metal complexes have been found to have a significant inhibitory effect on biofilm formation by MRSA, MSSA, and P. mirabilis compared to ligands. The copper (II) complex of ligand-2 showed the highest inhibition percentage, significantly reducing biofilm formation for MRSA and MSSA. Furthermore, cobalt (II) complexes of the ligands selectively inhibited the growth of the opportunistic pathogen P. mirabilis biofilms, indicating that metal complexes might be a good choice for future antibiofilm studies.
A Novel ES-BGK Model for Non-polytropic Gases with Internal State Density Independent of the Temperature
Authors: Arima Takashi , Mentrelli Andrea , Ruggeri Tommaso 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA novel ES-BGK-based model of non-polytropic rarefied gases in the framework of kinetic theory is presented. Key features of this model are: an internal state density function depending only on the microscopic energy of internal modes (avoiding the dependence on temperature seen in previous reference studies); full compliance with the H-theorem; feasibility of the closure of the system of moment equations based on the maximum entropy principle, following the well-established procedure of rational extended thermodynamics. The structure of planar shock waves in carbon dioxide (CO$$_2$$2) obtained with the present model is in general good agreement with that of previous results, except for the computed internal temperature profile, which is qualitatively different with respect to the results obtained in previous studies, showing here a consistently monotonic behavior across the shock structure, rather than the non monotonic behavior previously found.