bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Mild Cognitive Impairment in ACTIVE: Algorithmic Classification and Stability
Authors: Cook Sarah E. , Marsiske Michael , Thomas Kelsey R. , Unverzagt Frederick W. , Wadley Virginia G. , Langbaum Jessica B.S. , Crowe Michael 
Published: October 2012

AbstractRates of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have varied substantially, depending on the criteria used and the samples surveyed. The present investigation used a psychometric algorithm for identifying MCI and its stability to determine if low cognitive functioning was related to poorer longitudinal outcomes. The Advanced Cognitive Training of Independent and Vital Elders (ACTIVE) study is a multi-site longitudinal investigation of long-term effects of cognitive training with older adults. ACTIVE exclusion criteria eliminated participants at highest risk for dementia (i.e., Mini-Mental State Examination < 23). Using composite normative for sample- and training-corrected psychometric data, 8.07% of the sample had amnestic impairment, while 25.09% had a non-amnestic impairment at baseline. Poorer baseline functional scores were observed in those with impairment at the first visit, including a higher rate of attrition, depressive symptoms, and self-reported physical functioning. Participants were then classified based upon the stability of their classification. Those who were stably impaired over the 5-year interval had the worst functional outcomes (e.g., Instrumental Activities of Daily Living performance), and inconsistency in classification over time also appeared to be associated increased risk. These findings suggest that there is prognostic value in assessing and tracking cognition to assist in identifying the critical baseline features associated with poorer outcomes. (JINS, 2012, 18, 1–15)
Computertomografische Auswertung von humanen Unterkiefern hinsichtlich der Schichtstärke und Knochendichte der Kortikalis
Authors: Markwardt J. , Meißner H. , Weber A. , Laniado M. , Reitemeier B. 
Published: October 2012

Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Der Einsatz funktionsstabiler individueller Implantate zur Überbrückung von Unterkieferdefekten mit Kontinuitätstrennung setzt eine stabile Fixierung unter besonderer Nutzung der Kortikalis der Knochenstümpfe voraus.
Material und Methoden: Es wurden 5 Schnittebenen von 100 Computertomografien polytraumatisierter Patienten zur Messung der Kortikalisschichtstärke und der Knochendichte des Unterkiefers herangezogen. Zur Verfügung standen die CT-Aufnahmen von 28 weiblichen und 72 männlichen Probanden im Alter von 12 – 86 Jahren mit unterschiedlicher Bezahnung des Unterkiefers.
Ergebnisse: Die computertomografische Auswertung von humanen Unterkiefern hinsichtlich der Schichtstärke der Kortikalis ergab, dass der Unterkieferrand im Bereich des horizontalen Astes die Positionen mit den größten Schichtstärken im gesamten Unterkiefer aufweist. Die größten Mediane der Kortikalisschichtstärke befinden sich im Bereich der Molaren und Prämolaren am Unterrand des Unterkiefers in der 6-Uhr-Position, im Molarenbereich in der vestibulär-kranialen 10-Uhr-Position und in der Kinnregion lingual-kaudal in 4-Uhr-Position. Die Messungen der Knochendichte ergaben den höchsten Wert in 8-Uhr-Position (vestibulär kaudal) in der Molarenregion, sowohl bei den Männern als auch bei Frauen.
Schlussfolgerung: Vorliegende Durchschnittswerte der Knochendichte und der Kortikalisschichtstärke verschiedener Regionen des Unterkiefers unter Berücksichtigung des Alters, des Geschlechts und der Bezahnung können eine maßgebliche Hilfe für die Wahl der Lokalisation einer sicheren Fixierung von individuellen Implantaten im Bereich der Oberflächenschicht des Unterkiefers mittels Schrauben oder ähnlichen Fixierungselementen sein.
Effective Antimicrobial Stewardship in a Long-Term Care Facility through an Infectious Disease Consultation Service: Keeping a LID on Antibiotic Use
Authors: Jump Robin L. P. , Olds Danielle M. , Seifi Nasim , Kypriotakis Georgios , Jury Lucy A. , Peron Emily P. , Hirsch Amy A. , Drawz Paul E. , Watts Brook , Bonomo Robert A. , Donskey Curtis J. 
Published: October 2012

Design.We introduced a long-term care facility (LTCF) infectious disease (ID) consultation service (LID service) that provides on-site consultations to residents of a Veterans Affairs (VA) LTCF. We determined the impact of the LID service on antimicrobial use and Clostridium difficile infections at the LTCF.Setting.A 160-bed VA LTCF.Methods.Systemic antimicrobial use and positive C. difficile tests at the LTCF were compared for the 36 months before and the 18 months after the initiation of the ID consultation service through segmented regression analysis of an interrupted time series.Results.Relative to that in the preintervention period, total systemic antibiotic administration decreased by 30% (P<.001), with significant reductions in both oral (32%; P<.001) and intravenous (25%; P = .008) agents. The greatest reductions were seen for tetracyclines (64%; P<.001), clindamycin (61%; P<.001), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (38%; P<.001), fluoroquinolones (38%; P<.001), and β lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations (28%; P<.001). The rate of positive C. difficile tests at the LTCF declined in the postintervention period relative to preintervention rates (P = .04).Conclusions.Implementation of an LTCF ID service led to a significant reduction in total antimicrobial use. Bringing providers with ID expertise to the LTCF represents a new and effective means to achieve antimicrobial stewardship.
Transfer from High-Acuity Long-Term Care Facilities Is Associated with Carriage of Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase–Producing Enterobacteriaceae: A Multihospital Study
Authors: Prabaker Kavitha , Lin Michael Y. , McNally Margaret , Cherabuddi Kartikeya , Ahmed Sana , Norris Andrea , Lolans Karen , Odeh Ruba , Chundi Vishnu , Weinstein Robert A. , Hayden Mary K. ,   Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Prevention Epicenters Program
Published: October 2012

Objective.To determine whether transfer from a long-term care facility (LTCF) is a risk factor for colonization with Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)–producing Enterobacteriaceae upon acute care hospital admission.Design.Microbiologic survey and nested case-control study.Setting.Four hospitals in a metropolitan area (Chicago) with an early KPC epidemic.Patients.Hospitalized adults.Methods.Patients transferred from LTCFs were matched 1 : 1 to patients admitted from the community by age (± 10 years), admitting clinical service, and admission date (± 2 weeks). Rectal swab specimens were collected within 3 days after admission and tested for KPC-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Demographic and clinical information was extracted from medical records.Results.One hundred eighty patients from LTCFs were matched to 180 community patients. KPC-producing Enterobacteriaceae colonization was detected in 15 (8.3%) of the LTCF patients and 0 (0%) of the community patients (P<.001). Prevalence of carriage differed by LTCF subtype: 2 of 135 (1.5%) patients from skilled nursing facilities without ventilator care (SNFs) were colonized upon admission, compared to 9 of 33 (27.3%) patients from skilled nursing facilities with ventilator care (VSNFs) and 4 of 12 (33.3%) patients from long-term acute care hospitals (LTACHs; P<.001). In a multivariable logistic regression model adjusted for a propensity score that predicted LTCF subtype, patients admitted from VSNFs or LTACHs had 7.0-fold greater odds of colonization (ie, odds ratio; 95% confidence interval, 1.3–42; P = .022) with KPC-producing Enterobacteriaceae than patients from an SNF.Conclusions.Patients admitted to acute care hospitals from high-acuity LTCFs (ie, VSNFs and LTACHs) were more likely to be colonized with KPC-producing Enterobacteriaceae than were patients admitted from the community. Identification of healthcare facilities with a high prevalence of colonized patients presents an opportunity for focused interventions that may aid regional control efforts.
Monte Carlo study of the surface effect on the compensation and critical behaviour in a molecular-based magnetic film AFeIIFeIII(C2O4)3
Authors: Wang Wei , Jiang Wei , Lv Dan , zhang Fan 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Monte Carlo simulation is used to study the magnetic properties and critical behaviour of a molecular-based magnetic film AFeIIFeIII(C2O4)3(A = N(n − C
n
H2n+1)4, n = 3–5). The effects of surface exchange coupling, surface single-ion anisotropy and layer thickness on the compensation temperature and critical temperature of a ferrimagnetic mixed spin-2 and spin-5/2 Ising model on a honeycomb lattice are discussed in detail. The results show that the surface intralayer exchange coupling R
1 = J
1S/|J
1| and surface interlayer exchange coupling R
2 = J
2S/|J
1| play important roles in the compensation and critical behaviour of the system. In particular, we have found two special points R
1c at which the compensation and critical temperatures are independent of the layer thickness L and the surface single-ion anisotropy D
1S/|J
1|. A number of characteristic phenomena, such as the possibility of two and three compensation points, are found. The effects of the layer thickness L on the susceptibility, internal energy and specific heat with temperature are numerically investigated.
Mechanical contact between rough surfaces at low load
Authors: Lu Pin , O'Shea S J 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
A model is developed to describe the initial contact between rough surfaces. The Greenwood–Williamson statistical approach is used with exponential or Weibull asperity height distributions, and modified with the relative displacement between the surfaces referenced to the initial contact of the highest asperity (within a given area) at zero load. This form provides a framework for investigating contact at low loads or contact over small area e.g. as found in microfabricated structures. The approach gives the expected number of asperities touching, the real area of contact and the normal force in terms of the indentation. The model results show that for hard surface materials (e.g. Silicon), very few asperities may be in contact at low loads (∼1 µN) even over large nominal surface areas (∼20 × 20 µm2), in accordance with observations drawn from microfabrication experiments. This suggests an analytical means to bridge nanoscale concepts and approaches (e.g. superlubricity, friction at a single asperity) to microscale structures.
Investigation of the mid-infrared emission of a floating water bridge
Authors: Fuchs Elmar C , Cherukupally Anvesh , Paulitsch-Fuchs Astrid H , Agostinho Luewton L F , Wexler Adam D , Woisetschläger Jakob , Freund Friedemann T 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
We report on the infrared emission of aqueous bridges under the application of high dc voltage (‘floating water bridge’) over the range between 400 and 2500 cm−1 (4.0–10.3 µm). Comparison with bulk water of the same temperature reveals an additional broad peak at ∼2200 cm−1 as well as water vapour emission lines. Two complementary explanations are presented for the broad peak: first, a cooperative proton transfer comprising an orientational motion along the direction of conduction is suggested. Second, the electrolysis-less current flow is explained by a proton/defect-proton band mechanism, which is in line with the cooperative proton transfer. The water vapour emissions occur due to collision ionization of space charges with micro- and nano-droplets which are electrosprayed from the liquid/gas interface.
Effects of fibre-form nanostructures on particle emissions from a tungsten surface in plasmas
Authors: Takamura S. , Miyamoto T. , Ohno N. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The effects of fibre-form nanostructure of a tungsten surface on both electron emission and sputtering in helium/argon plasmas are represented. Generally, a nano-fibre forest, the so-called ‘fuzz’, made of tungsten with helium gas inside is found to have the tendency of suppressing the particle emission substantially. The electron emission comes from the impact of high-energy primary electrons. In addition, a deeply biased tungsten target, which inhibits the influx of even energetic primary electrons, seems to produce an electron emission, and it may be suppressed on the way to nanostructure formation on the surface of the W target. Such an emission process is discussed here. The sputtering yield of the He-damaged tungsten surface with the fibre-form nanostructure depends on the surface morphology while the sputtering itself changes the surface morphology, so that the time evolutions of sputtering yield from the W surface with an originally well-developed nanostructure are found to show a minimum in sputtering yield, which is about a half for the fresh nanostructured tungsten and roughly one-fifth of the yield for the original flat normal tungsten surface. The surface morphology at that time is, for the first time, made clear with field emission scanning electron microscopy observation. The physical mechanism for the appearance of such a minimum in sputtering yield is discussed.
ADAM: automated data management for research datasets
Authors: Woodbridge Mark , Tomlinson Christopher D. , Butcher Sarah A. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Existing repositories for experimental datasets typically capture snapshots of data acquired using a single experimental technique and often require manual population and continual curation. We present a storage system for heterogeneous research data that performs dynamic automated indexing to provide powerful search, discovery and collaboration features without the restrictions of a structured repository. ADAM is able to index many commonly used file formats generated by laboratory assays and therefore offers specific advantages to the experimental biology community. However, it is not domain specific and can promote sharing and re-use of working data across scientific disciplines.
Availability and implementation: ADAM is implemented using Java and supported on Linux. It is open source under the GNU General Public License v3.0. Installation instructions, binary code, a demo system and virtual machine image and are available at http://www.imperial.ac.uk/bioinfsupport/resources/software/adam.
Contact: m.woodbridge@imperial.ac.uk
A carbon dwarf wearing a Necklace: first proof of accretion in a post-common-envelope binary central star of a planetary nebula with jets
Authors: Miszalski Brent , Boffin Henri M. J. , Corradi Romano L. M. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The formation of collimated outflows or jets in planetary nebulae (PNe) is not well understood. There is no evidence for active accretion discs in PNe, making it difficult to decide which of the several proposed jet formation scenarios may be correct. A handful of wide binary central stars of PNe are known to have accreted carbon and slow neutron capture (s-process) enhanced material, the immediate progenitors of barium stars; however, no close binary analogues are known to have passed through a common-envelope (CE) phase. Here we present spectroscopy of the Necklace taken near light-curve minimum that for the first time reveals a carbon-rich (C/O &gt; 1) companion, a carbon dwarf, in a post-CE central star. As unevolved stars do not produce carbon, the chemical enhancement of the secondary can only be explained by accretion from the primary. Accretion most likely happened prior to the CE phase via wind accretion as not enough material can be accreted during the short CE phase. The pair of jets in the Necklace, which are observed to be older than the PN, are therefore likely to have been launched from an accretion disc around the companion during this early accretion phase. This discovery adds significant weight to the emerging scenario that jets in post-CE PNe are primarily launched by an accretion disc around a main-sequence companion before the CE phase.
From urothelial signalling to experiencing a sensation related to the urinary bladder
Authors: Birder L. , Wyndaele J.‐J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe mechanisms underlying bladder sensation and the way we experience sensations during normal voiding and in pathology is complex and not well understood. During storage and emptying, mechanical changes occurring in number of cell types within the bladder wall (i.e. the uroepithelium and bladder afferents) can have a major influence on our sensory systems. In this review, we discuss bladder sensation with a focus on coding events in the periphery.
The gene expression signature associated with TP53 mutation/deletion in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia is dominated by the under‐expression of TP53 and other genes on chromosome 17p
Authors: Lin Ke , Lane Brian , Carter Anthony , Johnson Gillian G. , Onwuazor Obiageli , Oates Melanie , Zenz Thorsten , Stilgenbauer Stephan , Atherton Mark , Douglas Angela , Ebrahimi Bahram , Sherrington Paul D. , Pettitt Andrew R. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryIn chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), TP53 mutation and deletion are strongly associated with one another and with adverse clinical outcome. Mutant TP53 protein typically accumulates to high levels and has been reported to have transcriptional regulatory activity distinct from that of wild‐type TP53. To investigate whether such an effect is relevant to CLL, carefully balanced primary CLL samples with or without TP53 mutation/deletion were compared for their gene expression profiles using high‐density DNA microarrays. Ninety‐six and eight differentially expressed genes were identified, respectively, using two alternative statistical approaches with different stringencies. None of the differentially expressed genes were known to be regulated by mutant TP53, and only four of the 67 under‐expressed genes were known transcriptional targets of wild‐type TP53. Significantly, both approaches showed that gene under‐expression was the dominant feature of TP53‐mutant CLL samples. Furthermore, a disproportionate number of the under‐expressed genes were located on chromosome 17p, the most significant being TP53 itself. Together, these results indicate that any transcriptional regulatory effects of mutant TP53 in CLL cells are overshadowed by the under‐expression of co‐deleted TP53 and other genes on chromosome 17p. Our findings have implications for emerging therapeutic strategies that target mutant TP53.
Domain Differences in Early Social Interactions
Authors: Dahl Audun , Campos Joseph J. 
Published: October 2012

Different social experiences help children develop distinctions between domains of norms. This study investigated whether mothers respond differently to moral, prudential, and pragmatic norms during the 2nd year, a period that precedes the time when children are able to make explicit distinctions between these norms. Sixty mothers of infants between 11 and 23 months were interviewed. Mothers' reports of their initial interventions, changes in intervention following noncompliance, and emotional reactions depended on normative domain. Initial interventions were less differentiated by domain for mothers of older than for mothers of younger children. These findings suggest that children have social experiences in the 2nd year that are associated with distinctions among normative domains.
Academic Achievement Trajectories of Homeless and Highly Mobile Students: Resilience in the Context of Chronic and Acute Risk
Authors: Cutuli J. J. , Desjardins Christopher David , Herbers Janette E. , Long Jeffrey D. , Heistad David , Chan Chi‐Keung , Hinz Elizabeth , Masten Ann S. 
Published: October 2012

Analyses examined academic achievement data across third through eighth grades (N = 26,474), comparing students identified as homeless or highly mobile (HHM) with other students in the federal free meal program (FM), reduced price meals (RM), or neither (General). Achievement was lower as a function of rising risk status (General > RM > FM > HHM). Achievement gaps appeared stable or widened between HHM students and lower risk groups. Math and reading achievement were lower, and growth in math was slower in years of HHM identification, suggesting acute consequences of residential instability. Nonetheless, 45% of HHM students scored within or above the average range, suggesting academic resilience. Results underscore the need for research on risk and resilience processes among HHM students to address achievement disparities.
Similar reference intervals for total testosterone in healthy young and elderly men: results from the Odense Androgen Study
Authors: Frost M. , Wraae K. , Nielsen T. L. , Hougaard D. M. , Brixen K. , Hagen C. , Andersen M. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryContextAgeing in men is associated with changes in levels of sex hormones.ObjectiveTo evaluate differences in sex hormones in young and elderly men and the significance of comorbidity and fat mass on sex hormones in elderly men.DesignCross‐sectional.PatientsSeven hundred and eighty‐three men aged 20–29 years and 600 men aged 60–74 years randomly recruited from the background population.MeasurementsSex hormones and sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) were measured, and reference intervals were determined in healthy individuals in both groups and in elderly men stratified according to whether they were obese or lean (waist circumference ≥102 cm).ResultsSex hormones were lower and SHBG higher in elderly men compared with the young cohort. Lower cut‐offs for total testosterone (TT) in healthy, young and elderly men were similar [Lower cut‐off (95% CI): Young: 11·7 (11·2–12·1) vs elderly: 11·2 (10·3–12·1) nmol/l], but lower and higher cut‐offs of bioavailable testosterone (BT) and free testosterone (FT) were higher in young men. Higher levels of androgens were found in healthy elderly men compared with those with a chronic disease or obesity. Androgens were inversely associated with central fat mass (CFM), whereas SHBG was inversely and directly associated with CFM and lower extremity fat mass, respectively, in both young and elderly men.ConclusionReference intervals for TT were comparable in healthy young and elderly men, but reference intervals for FT and BT were lower in elderly men due to higher levels of SHBG. Androgens and SHBG were lower in elderly men with chronic disease and inversely associated with CFM.
‘Kinship by design’ in England: reconfiguring adoption from Blair to the coalition
Authors: Kirton Derek 
Published: October 2012

AbstractUsing Ellen Herman's concept of ‘kinship by design’ (KBD), this paper analyses recent efforts to reform adoption in England, arguing that they represent an attempt to curtail the powers of adoption professionals and their established practices of assessing and responding to risk. Examining policy contexts and relevant research, the paper looks at various facets of contemporary KBD in England as they relate to adoptable children, the treatment of adopters, matching, support and systemic governance of adoption within a mixed economy. From this analysis, it is suggested that the evidence base for many of the reforms is limited and that in important respects represents a ‘manufactured crisis’ used to justify radical changes, which, in turn, pose significant risks to wider policy and practice in child welfare.