bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity of diagnostic codes and laboratory tests of liver dysfunction to identify acute liver failure events
Authors: Lo Re Vincent , Carbonari Dean M. , Forde Kimberly A. , Goldberg David , Lewis James D. , Haynes Kevin , Leidl Kimberly B. F. , Reddy Rajender K. , Roy Jason , Sha Daohang , Marks Amy R. , Schneider Jennifer L. , Strom Brian L. , Corley Douglas A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPurposeIdentification of acute liver failure (ALF) is important for post‐marketing surveillance of medications, but the validity of using ICD‐9 diagnoses and laboratory data to identify these events within electronic health records is unknown. We examined positive predictive values (PPVs) of hospital ICD‐9 diagnoses and laboratory tests of liver dysfunction for identifying ALF within a large, community‐based integrated care organization.MethodsWe identified Kaiser Permanente Northern California health plan members (2004–2010) with a hospital diagnosis suggesting ALF (ICD‐9 570, 572.2, 572.4, 572.8, 573.3, 573.8, or V42.7) plus an inpatient international normalized ratio ≥1.5 (off warfarin) and total bilirubin ≥5.0 mg/dL. Hospital records were reviewed by hepatologists to adjudicate ALF events. PPVs for confirmed outcomes were determined for individual ICD‐9 diagnoses, diagnoses plus prescriptions for hepatic encephalopathy treatment, and combinations of diagnoses in the setting of coagulopathy and hyperbilirubinemia.ResultsAmong 669 members with no pre‐existing liver disease, chart review confirmed ALF in 62 (9%). Despite the presence of co‐existing coagulopathy and hyperbilirubinemia, individual ICD‐9 diagnoses had low PPVs (range, 5–15%); requiring prescriptions for encephalopathy treatment did not increase PPVs of these diagnoses (range, 2–23%). Hospital diagnoses of other liver disorders (ICD‐9 573.8) plus hepatic coma (ICD‐9 572.2) had high PPV (67%; 95%CI, 9–99%) but only identified two (3%) ALF events.ConclusionsAlgorithms comprising relevant hospital diagnoses, laboratory evidence of liver dysfunction, and prescriptions for hepatic encephalopathy treatment had low PPVs for confirmed ALF events. Studies of ALF will need to rely on medical records to confirm this outcome. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Open‐circuit voltage recovery in type II GaSb/GaAs quantum ring solar cells under high concentration
Authors: Fujita Hiromi , Carrington Peter J. , Wagener Magnus C. , Botha Johannes R. , Marshall Andrew R. J. , James Juanita , Krier Anthony , Lee Kan‐Hua , Ekins‐Daukes Nicholas John 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe report on the open‐circuit voltage recovery in GaSb quantum ring (QR) solar cells under high solar concentration up to 2500 suns. The detailed behaviour of type II GaSb/GaAs QR solar cells under solar concentration, using different temperatures and light illumination conditions, is analysed through optical and electrical measurements. Although enhancement of the short‐circuit current was observed because of sub‐bandgap photon absorption in the QR, the thermionic emission rate of holes was found to be insufficient for ideal operation. The direct excitation of electron–hole pairs into QRs has revealed that the accumulation of holes is one of the causes of the open‐circuit voltage (VOC) degradation. However, using concentrated light up to 2500 suns, the GaSb QR cell showed much quicker VOC recovery rate than a GaAs control cell. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
INPPO2014, First INPPO World Congress on “Plant Proteomics: Methodology to Biology”—A global platform for involving, gathering and disseminating knowledge
Authors: Lüthje Sabine , Renaut Jenny , Job Dominique , Hajduch Martin , Carpentier Sébastien , Sarkar Abhijit , Agrawal Raj , Dunn Michael J. , Rakwal Randeep , Agrawal Ganesh Kumar 
Published: April 2015

The International Plant Proteomics Organization (INPPO) is a global platform of the plant proteomics community or, more generally, the scientific community that uses proteomics to address plant biology. Organizing an international conference is one of its initiatives to promote plant proteomics by involving and gathering scientists/researchers/students and by disseminating the acquired knowledge. In this fourth INPPO Highlights, the first INPPO World Congress 2014 (INPPO2014) is described and discussed. The INPPO2014 was held at the University of Hamburg (Germany) with the title "Plant Proteomics: Methodology to Biology" under the leadership of Sabine Lüthje (Germany). Participants (around 150) from 38 nations attended this congress covering all continents. The four‐day scientific program comprised 52 lectures and 61 poster presentations in a highly professional and friendly atmosphere on mass spectrometry and gel‐based proteomics. Two round‐table open discussions deliberated on plant proteomics, its associated international organizations/initiatives and future INPPO perspectives. The Second INPPO World Congress 2016 (INPPO2016) “The Quest for Tolerant Varieties—Phenotyping at Plant and Cellular Level” is planned to be organized in Bratislava (Slovakia) under the leadership of Martin Hajduch (Slovak Republic) and Sébastien Carpentier (Belgium) and cosponsored by the COST action FA1306.
Side chain engineering and conjugation enhancement of benzodithiophene and phenanthrenequnioxaline based conjugated polymers for photovoltaic devices
Authors: Sun Ying , Zhang Chao , Dai Bin , Lin Baoping , Yang Hong , Zhang Xueqin , Guo Lingxiang , Liu Yurong 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTA series of donor‐acceptor conjugated polymers incorporating benzodithiophene (BDT) as donor unit and phenanthrenequnioxaline as acceptor unit with different side chains have been designed and synthesized. For polymer P1 featuring the BDT unit and alkoxy chains substituted phenanthrenequnioxaline unit in the backbone, serious steric hindrance resulted in quite low molecular weight. The implementation of thiophene ring spacer in polymer P2 greatly suppressed the interannular twisting to extend the effective conjugation length and consequently gave rise to improved absorption property and device performance. In addition, utilizing the alkylthienyl side chains to replace the alkyl side chains at BDT unit in polymer P3 further enhanced the photovoltaic performance due to the increased conjugation length. For polymer P4, translating the alkoxy side chains at the phenanthrenequnioxaline ring into the alkyl side chains at thiophene linker group enhanced molecular planarity and strengthened π−π stacking. Consequently improved absorption property and increased hole mobility were achieved for polymer P4. Our results indicated that side chain engineering not only can influence the solubility of polymer but also can determine the polymer backbone planarity and hence the photovoltaic properties. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 1915–1926
Facile fabrication of fast recyclable and multiple self‐healing epoxy materials through diels‐alder adduct cross‐linker
Authors: Kuang Xiao , Liu Guoming , Dong Xia , Liu Xianggui , Xu Jianjun , Wang Dujin 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTA reversibly cross‐linked epoxy resin with efficient reprocessing and intrinsic self‐healing was prepared from a diamine Diels‐Alder (DA) adduct cross‐linker and a commercial epoxy oligomer. The newly synthesized diamine cross‐linker, comprising a DA adduct of furan and maleimide moieties, can cure epoxy monomer/oligomer with thermal reversibility. The reversible transition between cross‐linked state and linear architecture endows the cured epoxy with rapid recyclability and repeated healability. The reversibly cross‐linked epoxy fundamentally behaves as typical thermosets at ambient conditions yet can be fast reprocessed at elevated temperature like thermoplastics. As a potential reversible adhesive, the epoxy polymer with adhesive strength values about 3 MPa showed full recovery after repeated fracture‐thermal healing processes. The methodology explored in this contribution provides new insights in modification of conventional engineering plastics as functional materials. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 2094–2103
“Green polyethylene” and curauá cellulose nanocrystal based nanocomposites: Effect of vegetable oils as coupling agent and processing technique
Authors: Oliveira de Castro Daniele , Frollini Elisabete , Ruvolo‐Filho Adhemar , Dufresne Alain 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTCellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were prepared from curauá fibers via acid hydrolysis, and used as reinforcing phase for high‐density biopolyethylene (HDBPE) or green polyethylene. Castor oil (CO), epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) and epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) were chosen as compatibilizers for this study. Nanocomposites reinforced with CNC (3, 6, and 9 wt %) were processed by extrusion, using CO (3, 6, and 9 wt %) to evaluate its action as CNC dispersing agent in the HDBPE matrix. From the results obtained for these films, the CNC and oil contents were set at 3 wt%. In addition to CO, ELO, and ESO were also used, and besides processing by extrusion, extrusion/hot‐pressing process was also considered, in order to compare the two processing techniques. The nanocomposites were characterized by microscopic, thermal, mechanical, and rheological analyses. The presence of oil leads to less opaque films and improved dispersion. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 1010–1019
The Effect of Art Therapy with Clay on Hopelessness Levels Among Neurology Patients
Authors: Akhan Latife Utas , Kurtuncu Meltem , Celik Sevim 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPurpose:This study was performed to determine the effect of art therapy with clay on hopelessness levels of patients under treatment in departments of neurology.Design:The study was of one group, pre- and posttest design.Methods:This study was performed on patients who were hospitalized in the neurology departments of a university and a state hospital between February and May 2012 in Turkey. The sample for the study comprised 50 neurology patients with diagnoses of epilepsy (17 patients) and stroke (33 patients). The patients in the study were asked to create objects of clay of any shape they desired. Data for the research were collected with a sociodemographic data form and by using the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS).Findings:While BHS scores of neurology patients before clay therapy were found higher compared to the scores after therapy with clay, there was also a statistically significant difference. After clay therapy, BHS scores were lower in women, in married patients, in patients who suffered from a stroke, people who had chronic disease, people without psychological illness, and in the case of children.Conclusion:The study showed that clay therapy had an impact on the hopelessness levels of neurology patients.Clinical Relevance:Art therapy with clay may be used for rehabilitation purposes in neurology patients, both in the hospital and at home after discharge.
Mechanical Stress Promotes Maturation of Human Myocardium From Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Progenitors
Authors: Ruan Jia-Ling , Tulloch Nathaniel L. , Saiget Mark , Paige Sharon L. , Razumova Maria V. , Regnier Michael , Tung Kelvin Chan , Keller Gordon , Pabon Lil , Reinecke Hans , Murry Charles E. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Recent advances in pluripotent stem cell biology and directed differentiation have identified a population of human cardiovascular progenitors that give rise to cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle, and endothelial cells. Because the heart develops from progenitors in 3D under constant mechanical load, we sought to test the effects of a 3D microenvironment and mechanical stress on differentiation and maturation of human cardiovascular progenitors into myocardial tissue. Progenitors were derived from embryonic stem cells, cast into collagen hydrogels, and left unstressed or subjected to static or cyclic mechanical stress. Compared to 2D culture, the unstressed 3D environment increased cardiomyocyte numbers and decreased smooth muscle numbers. Additionally, 3D culture suppressed smooth muscle α-actin content, suggesting diminished cell maturation. Cyclic stress-conditioning increased expression of several cardiac markers, including β-myosin heavy chain and cardiac troponin T, and the tissue showed enhanced calcium dynamics and force production. There was no effect of mechanical loading on cardiomyocyte or smooth muscle specification. Thus, 3D growth conditions favor cardiac differentiation from cardiovascular progenitors, whereas 2D conditions promote smooth muscle differentiation. Mechanical loading promotes cardiomyocyte structural and functional maturation. Culture in 3-D facilitates understanding how cues such as mechanical stress affect the differentiation and morphogenesis of distinct cardiovascular cell populations into organized, functional human cardiovascular tissue. Stem Cells 2015;33:2148–2157
Brief Report: Factors Released by Megakaryocytes Thrombin Cleave Osteopontin to Negatively Regulate Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Authors: Storan Melonie J. , Heazlewood Shen Y. , Heazlewood Chad K. , Haylock David N. , Alexander Warren S. , Neaves Rebecca J. , Oteiza Ana , Nilsson Susan K. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Factor V (FV) and factor X (FX) activate and complex to form prothrombinase which subsequently cleaves prothrombin (PT), converting it to active thrombin. Thrombin cleaved osteopontin (tcOPN) contains a cryptic binding site for α4β1 and α9β1 integrins. We have previously shown that hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) bind to tcOPN via this site resulting in a decrease in their proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, tcOPN and the factors required for its generation are important components of the HSC niche. Herein we show mature megakaryocytes (MM, ≥8N) contain FV, FX, and PT mRNA and protein. Furthermore, we show 8N, 16N, 32N, and 64N MM all release the required factors to enable thrombin cleavage of OPN. Importantly, mice devoid of the myeloproliferative leukemia protein (Mpl), c-Mpl−/− mice, contain only approximately 10% of normal megakaryocyte numbers, showed significantly reduced FX and tcOPN protein levels in endosteal bone marrow (BM). In addition, WT hematopoietic progenitors and HSC showed reduced homing to the BM of c-Mpl−/− mice. This is the first report identifying MM as a key cellular component in the production of tcOPN in situ, allowing the BM microenvironment to self regulate HSC biology via tcOPN. Stem Cells 2015;33:2351–2357
Fetoscopic laser surgery to decompress distal urethral obstruction caused by prolapsed ureterocele
Authors: Torres Montebruno X. , Martinez J. M. , Eixarch E. , Gómez O. , García Aparicio L. , Castañón M. , Gratacos E. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe report on the successful use of fetoscopic surgery to treat a case of prolapsed ureterocele in a female fetus. At 21 weeks' gestation, a double renal system with an intravesical ureterocele obstructing the bladder outlet was diagnosed, causing severe megacystis, bilateral hydronephrosis and progressive oligohydramnios. Ultrasound evaluation following referral to our center confirmed severe bilateral hydronephrosis with pelvic and calyceal dilatation, but amniotic fluid volume was normal and the ureterocele was not visualized in the bladder. Instead, a cystic mass within the external genitalia was observed, suggestive of a prolapsed ureterocele, causing intermittently severe obstruction of the urethra. The parents were counseled about the uncertain prognosis and fetal surgery to decompress the urinary system was proposed. The procedure involved firing a contact diode laser until perforation of the ureterocele was achieved. Following laser surgery, resolution of megacystis, reduction of hydronephrosis and normalization of amniotic fluid volume were observed. Our report demonstrates that fetoscopic decompression of a distal urethral obstruction is feasible in the rare event of congenital prolapsed ureterocele. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Conservative Treatment in Selected Patients with Severe Critical Limb Ischemia
Authors: Thomas Adriaan R. , Raats Jelle W. , Lensvelt Mare M. A. , de Groot Hans G. W. , Veen Eelco J. , van der Laan Lijckle 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the outcome of conservative treatment of severe critical limb ischemia (CLI) classified as Rutherford 5/6.BackgroundThe preferred therapy for CLI is either endovascular revascularization or bypass surgery. With a growing aged population with more serious comorbidities, these therapies are not always a viable option. Primary amputation leads to decreased mobility and a reduced quality of life. There is a lack of literature regarding the outcome of conservative therapy.MethodsHospital charts were reviewed of all patients who were diagnosed with Rutherford classification 5–6 and received conservative treatment and lacked interventional options. Outcome measures were mortality, complete wound closure, and limb salvage rate.Results38 patients were included with a median age of 80 years (range 57–97). The amputation rate during follow‐up was 16 %. In 58 % of patients, complete wound closure was achieved. All‐cause mortality was 58 % with a 2‐year survivability rate of 55 %.ConclusionsConservative management in our selected patients with CLI results in a moderate rate of wound closure and acceptable amputation rates albeit with a high mortality rate. For patients not eligible for endovascular revascularization or bypass surgery, conservative treatment could be a viable option besides primary limb amputation.
Temporal changes in Mediterranean bird communities across fragmented and continuous forests
Authors: Capizzi Dario , Luiselli Luca , Papi Roberto 
Published: April 2015

AbstractHabitat loss and fragmentation are recognized as the main causes for the global biodiversity crisis. Most of the studies investigating the issue of habitat fragmentation in vertebrates are cross‐sectional, whereas long‐term studies are least available. We surveyed bird communities in 17 forest fragments (FF) and a single continuous forest stands (CF) in central Italy twice, 10 years apart (i.e. in 1996 and in 2006). All community parameters showed a contrasting pattern between 1996 and 2006, i.e. an increase of abundance and diversity measures in CF and a decrease or a stability of the same parameters in FF. Insectivorous and migratory bird species were the most prone to population declines associated with fragmented landscapes. Differences in species turnover between CF and FF were due to a higher extinction rate in the latter forest type. There was substantial population increase between 1996 and 2006, especially in FF, of opportunistic predator species like corvids. This fact may be responsible for the observed dropping in species number, evenness and diversity in FF. Hence, we conclude that, in FF, the bird community is far from being either stabilized or resilient, as it is rapidly evolving into a more simplified assemblage, dominated by generalist species.
Extraskeletal Osteosarcoma of the Hand: The Role of Marginal Excision and Adjuvant Radiation Therapy
Authors: Casey Dana L. , van de Rijn Matt , Riley Geoffrey , Tung Ka-Wah , Mohler David G. , Donaldson Sarah S. 
Published: April 2015

Background Extraskeletal osteosarcoma of the hand is rare, and its optimal modality of local control is not currently known. Methods A literature search was performed to identify studies that describe the treatment and outcomes of extraskeletal osteosarcoma. A second literature search was performed to identify studies that describe the treatment and outcomes of extraskeletal osteosarcoma of the hand specifically. Results The role of adjuvant radiation for extraskeletal osteosarcoma is not well defined. All cases in the literature describing treatment of extraskeletal osteosarcoma of the hand utilized amputation, and none of the patients described received radiation therapy. However, there are multiple reports showing excellent local control, minimal toxicity, and superior functional outcome with limb conservation and radiation rather than amputation of the hand in pediatric and adult soft tissue sarcoma. Conclusion For extraskeletal osteosarcoma of the hand, we recommend a treatment approach with the goal of preservation of form and function using limb-sparing surgery and planned postoperative radiation.
Natural product (−)‐gossypol inhibits colon cancer cell growth by targeting RNA‐binding protein Musashi‐1
Authors: Lan Lan , Appelman Carl , Smith Amber R. , Yu Jia , Larsen Sarah , Marquez Rebecca T. , Liu Hao , Wu Xiaoqing , Gao Philip , Roy Anuradha , Anbanandam Asokan , Gowthaman Ragul , Karanicolas John , De Guzman Roberto N. , Rogers Steven , Aubé Jeffrey , Ji Min , Cohen Robert S. , Neufeld Kristi L. , Xu Liang 
Published: April 2015

Musashi‐1 (MSI1) is an RNA‐binding protein that acts as a translation activator or repressor of target mRNAs. The best‐characterized MSI1 target is Numb mRNA, whose encoded protein negatively regulates Notch signaling. Additional MSI1 targets include the mRNAs for the tumor suppressor protein APC that regulates Wnt signaling and the cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor P21WAF−1. We hypothesized that increased expression of NUMB, P21 and APC, through inhibition of MSI1 RNA‐binding activity might be an effective way to simultaneously downregulate Wnt and Notch signaling, thus blocking the growth of a broad range of cancer cells. We used a fluorescence polarization assay to screen for small molecules that disrupt the binding of MSI1 to its consensus RNA binding site. One of the top hits was (−)‐gossypol (Ki = 476 ± 273 nM), a natural product from cottonseed, known to have potent anti‐tumor activity and which has recently completed Phase IIb clinical trials for prostate cancer. Surface plasmon resonance and nuclear magnetic resonance studies demonstrate a direct interaction of (−)‐gossypol with the RNA binding pocket of MSI1. We further showed that (−)‐gossypol reduces Notch/Wnt signaling in several colon cancer cell lines having high levels of MSI1, with reduced SURVIVIN expression and increased apoptosis/autophagy. Finally, we showed that orally administered (−)‐gossypol inhibits colon cancer growth in a mouse xenograft model. Our study identifies (−)‐gossypol as a potential small molecule inhibitor of MSI1‐RNA interaction, and suggests that inhibition of MSI1's RNA binding activity may be an effective anti‐cancer strategy.
Political rationality vs. technical rationality in China's target-based performance measurement system: The case of social stability maintenance
Authors: Jie Gao 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Performance measurement is not only a technical tool but also a product of politics. Therefore, examining the politics behind the implementation of performance measurement systems will yield important insights into the purposes, designs, and outcomes of those systems. This study investigates how the political function of China's performance measurement system affects it technical rationality. Drawing evidence mainly from the policy area of social stability maintenance, this article argues that these systems are in a paradoxical situation in China. On the one hand, the techniques of performance measurement are greatly improved when there is a political need to implement such systems in local governments. On the other hand, the very fact that they have a political function interferes with their functioning in a rational, effective manner. The article concludes by suggesting that one must examine both the political rationality and technical rationality underlying government performance measurement systems so as to understand their values and limitations. In the case of China, the most important function of performance measurement is to ensure local policy compliance. Although such a design causes problems in practice—most notably, pernicious gaming behavior that seriously harms public interests—the cost of implementation does not invalidate its benefits in governing China's vast localities.