bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foundations of causal discovery on groups of variables
Authors: Wahl Jonas , Ninad Urmi , Runge Jakob 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Discovering causal relationships from observational data is a challenging task that relies on assumptions connecting statistical quantities to graphical or algebraic causal models. In this work, we focus on widely employed assumptions for causal discovery when objects of interest are (multivariate) groups of random variables rather than individual (univariate) random variables, as is the case in a variety of problems in scientific domains such as climate science or neuroscience. If the group level causal models are derived from partitioning a micro-level model into groups, we explore the relationship between micro- and group level causal discovery assumptions. We investigate the conditions under which assumptions like causal faithfulness hold or fail to hold. Our analysis encompasses graphical causal models that contain cycles and bidirected edges. We also discuss grouped time series causal graphs and variants thereof as special cases of our general theoretical framework. Thereby, we aim to provide researchers with a solid theoretical foundation for the development and application of causal discovery methods for variable groups.
Der Einfluss der Messunsicherheit in der Materialprüfung – Von der Messmittelauswahl zur Konformitätsaussage am Beispiel des Zugversuchs bei erhöhter Temperatur nach DIN EN ISO 6892-2:2018-09
Authors: Wieler Stefan , Frenz Holger 
Published: July 2024

Kurzfassung
Für Prüflabore ist eine Aussage zur Konformität, ihrer Mess- und Prüfergebnisse gegenüber einer Spezifikationsanforderung stets mit dem Risiko einer falschen Annahme oder Ablehnung verbunden. Entscheidenden Einfluss, wie groß dieses statistische Risiko ist, hat neben dem eigentlichen Messwert die zugehörige Messunsicherheit. Daher haben Prüflaboratorien ein vitales Interesse daran, die Messunsicherheit fachlich angemessen zu ermitteln und ggf. zu minimieren. Dazu bildet die Auswahl geeigneter Mess- und Prüfeinrichtungen die Grundlage, um Ergebnisse möglichst präzise und genau, aber auch vergleichbar und reproduzierbar zu ermitteln. In diesem Beitrag wird ein konkretes Beispiel aus der Materialprüfung am Beispiel des Zugversuchs an metallischen Werkstoffen bei erhöhter Temperatur nach DIN EN ISO 6892-2:2018-09 vorgestellt. Diese international harmonisierte Prüfnorm gibt Anforderungen an die einzusetzende Temperaturmesseinrichtung, hinsichtlich der zulässigen Abweichung und Messunsicherheit, vor. Zusammen mit den Kompetenzanforderungen aus DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025:2018-03, der Norm, die zusammen mit weiteren Regelwerken zur Akkreditierung von Prüflaboren herangezogen wird, ergeben sich weitere Anforderungen an die nachgewiesene, metrologische Rückführbarkeit und die Messunsicherheit. Fragen zu notwendigen Kalibrierintervallen und Wartungen runden den Informationsbedarf über Mess- und Prüfgeräte ab. Die damit verbleibenden Freiheitsgrade für die Anwender in Bezug auf die Auswahl der Temperaturmesseinrichtung werden weiter beschränkt, wenn für die Konformitätsaussage eine entsprechend geringe Messunsicherheit erforderlich ist. Der Beitrag beinhaltet konkrete Beispiele aus der Praxis zum Einfluss der Messunsicherheit der Temperaturmessung im Zugversuch nach DIN EN ISO 6892-2. Es werden sowohl die Herausforderungen an die Prüflaboratorien als auch mögliche Lösungsansätze aufgezeigt.
Voltammetric Detection of Diclofenac with Screen-printed Electrodes Based on Graphene and PVDF-Modified Graphene
Authors: Paunović Perica , Grozdanov Anita , Dimitrievska Iva , Tomova Ana 
Published: July 2024

In recent years, the detection and determination of numerous drugs and pharmaceuticals in various media have become crucial aspects of modern healthcare and environmental management. Among the available sensing techniques, electrochemical methods, particularly those utilising screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) and different portable equipment have emerged as rapid, effective, sensitive, and inexpensive. This study focuses on the detection of the anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac in neutral media. Cyclic voltammetry measurements were conducted to identify diclofenac and determine the kinetics and electrochemical mechanism of its oxidation, along with assessing the surface characteristics of the employed SPEs. Graphene and modified graphene SPEs were explored as nanosensors for this purpose. The surface of the graphene SPE was modified using polyvinylidene fluoride, applied through a drop modification procedure. The morphology of the examined SPEs was observed by means of scanning electron microscope, while the electrolyte (0.1 g of diclofenac per litre of phosphate-buffered solution, pH = 7.4) was analysed using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The results indicate that the studied SPEs exhibit promising potential for the detection of diclofenac.
Exosomes of mesenchymal stem cells and PRP restore spermatogenesis in the rat model of non-obstructive azoospermia
Authors: Sheikholeslami Azar , Davoodi Asl Faezeh , Fazaeli Hoda , Sheykhhasan Mohsen , Kalhor Naser , Naserpour Leila 
Published: July 2024

In brief
Since available therapeutic approaches for chemotherapy-induced non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) patients are not enough efficient, an urgent need for treatment alternatives is felt. This study shows that adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosome (AD-Exo) treatment is more effective in ameliorating busulfan-induced NOA rat models compared to platelet-rich plasma (PRP).

Abstract
Patients with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) are unable to have their children. Therefore, there is an urgent need for additional treatment alternatives for these patients. Recently, novel treatments based on the exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as the agents responsible for exerting the paracrine effects and consequently biological functions of MSCs are proposed. Besides, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as a significant blood byproduct has been therapeutically applied in several male infertility studies. In this study, we compared the effects of PRP and exosome treatment on spermatogenesis restoration in NOA rat models. Exosomes and PRP were isolated from the adipose tissue-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs) collected from conditioned medium and peripheral blood of human volunteers, respectively. Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) induction was done through two doses of busulfan at a 21-day interval. Thirty-five days after NOA induction, intratesticular injection of AD-MSCs-derived exosome (AD-Exo), PRP, and PBS was performed. The control group did not receive any treatment. Two months later, the rats were euthanized for further analysis. Our results revealed that both AD-Exo and PRP treatments improved the size and weight of testis, modulated the expression level of Dazl, Ddx4, Stra8, Pwil1, and Ccna1, and ameliorated the serum level of LDH, SOD, and GR enzymes in NOA rats. Moreover, the AD-Exo group showed improved testosterone, GPx, MAD, and CAT serum levels, sperm motility, and protein levels of DAZL and DDX4. This investigation verified the more efficient effects of AD-Exo treatment in comparison to PRP in ameliorating busulfan-induced NOA rat models.
RNA-binding protein SORBS2 increases human trophoblast cell migration via stabilizing HK2 mRNA in preeclampsia
Authors: Song Limin , Zhao Xinying , Chen Jiaxi , Yin Hang , Tang Hongyan , Li Lianxiu , Dong Haijing , Li Xinyue , Qu Zhihai , Chu Xiaodan , Guo Man 
Published: July 2024

In brief
SORBS2, an RNA-binding protein, is identified as a regulator of aerobic glycolysis, which is essential for trophoblast migration and placental development. Reduced SORBS2 expression in preeclampsia may impair trophoblast migration by affecting mRNA stability and glycolysis, suggesting its role in the disease’s pathogenesis.

Abstract
Insufficient trophoblast migration and impaired uterine spiral artery remodeling are implicated in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, contributing to inadequate placentation. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this process remains unclear. Aerobic glycolysis, which produces substantial lactate, is crucial for establishing a favorable microenvironment for early uterine preparation and supporting embryo implantation and trophoblast migration. In the present study, we have demonstrated that SORBS2, an RNA-binding protein, regulated aerobic glycolysis and significantly improved trophoblast migration in vitro. Our results showed that SORBS2 expression was significantly reduced in human PE placentas and trophoblasts during hypoxia. Overexpression of SORBS2 enhanced cell proliferation and migration, whereas knockdown of SORBS2 decreased these functions in HTR-8/SVneo cells. Mechanistic studies have demonstrated that SORBS2 directly interacts with the 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs) of key glycolysis-related genes, specifically HK2. This interaction results in enhanced stability of HK2 and activation of glycolysis. Moreover, silencing HK2 abrogated the enhancement of proliferation and migration of HTR-8/SVneo cells induced by SORBS2. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the downregulation of SORBS2 may contribute to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia by regulating mRNA stability and inhibiting trophoblast migration during placentation.
Ultrasound in Catalysis
Authors: АЛИЕВА А.З. , КЕРИМОВА У.А. , ЮНУСОВ С.Г. , АЛИЕВА А.А. , АЛЕСКЕРОВА С.М. , ТАГИЕВ Ф.Ф. 
Published: July 2024

Обобщены результаты работ по использованию ультразвука при синтезе и обработке катализаторов. Продемонстрировано, что ультразвуковым воздействием можно регулировать текстурные и структурные характеристики катализаторов путем изменения времени воздействия, мощности и амплитуды ультразвукового излучения. Отмечено, что оптимизация условий ультразвуковой обработки катализаторов обеспечивает улучшение их физико-химических свойств. Это позволяет достигать более высоких значений конверсии реагентов и селективности образования целевых продуктов в различных химических реакциях. Рассмотрены примеры применения ультразвука с точки зрения следования принципам “зеленой химии”. Показано, что использование ультразвука в органическом синтезе способствует улучшению показателей химического процесса, а также сокращению времени его проведения.
The results of studied on the use of ultrasound in catalyst synthesis and processing are summarised. It is demonstrated that exposure to ultrasound can regulate the textural and structural characteristics of catalysts by varying exposure time and the amplitude of ultrasonic radiation. Optimisation of the conditions of ultrasonic treatment of the catalysts is determined to provide improvement of their physicochemical properties. This allows achieving higher reagents conversion and selectivity of the formation of target products in various chemical reactions. Examples of ultrasound application from the viewpoint of following the green chemistry principles are considered. It is shown that ultrasound application in organic synthesis promotes improvement of chemical process characteristics and reduces reaction time.
New Components of Low-Viscosity Marine Fuel Based on Low-Value and By-products of Oil Refining
Authors: ДЬЯЧКОВА С.Г. , АРТЕМЬЕВА Ж.Н. 
Published: July 2024

Проведено комплексное исследование углеводородного состава и физико-химических свойств побочных продуктов нефтепереработки и нефтехимии с целью поиска новых низкомаржинальных компонентов топлива маловязкого судового (ТМС) и оптимизации состава композиций топлива для расширения сырьевой базы ТМС. Установлена возможность вовлечения в ТМС утяжеленных фракций первичной и вторичной переработки нефти: 10–12 % утяжеленной дизельной фракции, 47–60 % прямогонной среднедистиллятной фракции, 2–10 % тяжелой дизельной фракции, 35 % вакуумного дистиллята, 10 % кубового остатка блоков гидрирования, 4–10 % легкого газойля каталитического крекинга. Найден способ получения нового компонента ТМС – фракции с пределами выкипания 180–270 °С, полученной из отходов нефтепереработки после их обезвоживания и фракционирования с выходом до 30 %, вовлечение которой в ТМС в количестве 5 % даст экономический эффект около 7 млн руб. в год. Методом математического моделирования проведена оптимизация состава топлива из основных и побочных продуктов с учетом объемов производства и фактических значений критичных показателей каждого компонента.
A comprehensive study of the hydrocarbon composition and physicochemical properties of by-products of oil refining and petrochemistry was carried out to search for new low-margin components of low-viscosity marine fuel (LMF) and to optimize the fuel composition for expanding the raw material base of LMF. The possibility of involving the heavy fractions from primary and secondary oil refining in LMF has been established: 10-12 % higher-weight diesel fraction, 47-60 % straight-run medium distillate fraction, 2-10 % heavy diesel fraction, 35% vacuum distillate, 10 % still residue from hydrogenation units, 4-10 % light catalytic cracking gas oil. A method has been found for obtaining a new component of LMF – a fraction boiling within 180-270 °C, obtained from oil refining wastes after their dehydration and fractionation in the yield of up to 30 %, the involvement of which in LMF (5 %) will give an economic effect of about 7 million roubles per year. Mathematical modelling was used to optimize the composition of fuel from the main and by-products, taking into account the production volumes and the actual values of critical indicators of each component. A method has been found for obtaining a new component of LMF – a fraction boiling within 180-270 °C, obtained from oil refining wastes after their dehydration and fractionation in the yield of up to 30 %, the involvement of which in LMF (5 %) will give an economic effect of about 7 million roubles per year. Mathematical modelling was used to optimize the composition of fuel from the main and by-products, taking into account the production volumes and the actual values of critical indicators of each component.
„Áldjon vagy verjen sors keze, itt élned, halnod kell” – Új megközelítés a magyarországi kivándorlás motívumainak feltárásában
Authors: Szilasi Judit , Nguyen Luu Lan Anh , Fülöp Márta 
Published: July 2024

Háttér és célkitűzések: A kivándorlás az elmúlt másfél évtizedben Magyarországon jelentős. A jelen kutatás célja az elvándorló és a Magyarországon maradó magyarok csoportjában annak feltárása, hogy milyen szubjektív jelentést tulajdonítanak ennek a két csoportnak és ezen keresztül azonosítani a távozást/maradást motiváló elemeket és ezzel hozzájárulni a magyar kivándorlás, illetve otthon maradás motívumrendszerének komplexebb pszichológiai megértéséhez. Módszer: A kutatás során az Asszociatív Csoportanalízis (AGA) módszert alkalmaztuk. A vizsgálatban részt vevők az alábbi hívószavakra asszociáltak: „Magyarországon élő magyar”, „külföldön élő magyar”. Összesen 204 magyar állampolgár: 102 Magyarországon élő és 102 külföldön élő válaszolt. A minta összeállítása nemre, korra, iskolai végzettségre és településtípusra illesztett volt. Eredmények: A vizsgálatban részt vevő lokálisan két helyen élő csoport asszociációi a magyarországi magyarokkal és a külföldi magyarokkal kapcsolatban a szubjektív jelentés erős hasonlóságaira mutattak rá, ami arra enged következtetni, hogy a közös társadalmi-kulturális kontextus befolyásolja a válaszokat. Az országban maradottakat mindkét csoport erősen negatívan, míg a kivándorló csoportot erősen pozitívan látja. A Magyarországon maradókat egyfajta tanult tehetetlenség jellemzi, míg a kivándorló csoportot a bátorság és a kockázatvállalás. A kivándorlás és az országban maradás motívumai az elszakadás és kötődés, a hazafiság és hazafiatlanság, az énfelnagyítás és éndevalváció és a nyitott és zárt gondolkodás dimenziói mentén értelmezhetőek. Következtetések: A vizsgálat a magyarországi és a külföldi léthez eltérő élettapasztalatokat kapcsoló csoportok jelentéstulajdonításának hasonlóságai és különbségei feltárásával hozzájárul az elvándorlás és az otthon maradás motivációinak megértéséhez.
Assessment of psychedelic--induced states: Norwegian translation and adaptation of the revised Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ-30)
Authors: Andreas Aamodt Andersen Kristoffer , Holmøy Bjørn , Stewart Lowan Han 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrevious international clinical trials have indicated that mystical experiences resulting from the consumption of classic psychedelic drugs, such as psilocybin, may represent a subjective psychological mechanism of action associated with therapeutic effects for various mental disorders. The revised 30-item Mystical Experience Questionnaire is one of several psychometric scales designed to evaluate such subjective experiences induced by psychedelic drugs. The field of psychedelic research is growing in Scandinavian countries, yet there is currently a lack of translated and culturally adapted Norwegian versions of rating scales for assessing psychedelic drug-induced states of consciousness. With planned and upcoming psychedelic research projects in Norway, there is a need for a Norwegian version of the MEQ30.AimsWe aimed to translate and adapt the Revised Mystical Experiences Questionnaire (MEQ30) from English to Norwegian.MethodsWe used rigorous translation methods, including two independent forward translations, one back-translation, pilot testing on a small psychedelic user group (n = 6) and cognitive debriefing in an expert-panel (n = 6) to ensure a culturally adapted Norwegian translation.ResultsOur translation and adaptation procedure resulted in a final Norwegian version of the MEQ30.ConclusionThe Norwegian MEQ30 is ready to be implemented in future Norwegian trials. Its psychometric properties have not yet been assessed.
REPRESENTAMEN CINTA DALAM KISAH NABI SULAIMAN DAN RATU SABA’ SURAT AN-NAML (Studi Analisis Semiotika dan Komunikasi Interpersonal)
Authors: Mushodiq Muhamad Agus 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper aims to find the meanings of the signs which are contained in the Prophet Sulaiman and Saba’ Queen story. On the other view, this paper aims to reveal the interpersonal communication process between them that allegedly contain expression of love which ended in marriage. These meanings are analyzed using Peircean semiotics. Peircean semiotics focus of its triadic system, with the result that researcher has to pass three stages of analysis (represntament, object and interpretant) when he interpret the signs, and also this research intended to apply the interpersonal communication theory. After reading Prophet Sulaiman and Saba’ Queen story through Peircean semiotic views and interpersonal communication theory, this research finds some language symbols which are indicated love expressing. Those language symbols –among others- are the application of fiil mabni li majhul qila that implicated meaning of Sulaiman’s hospitable and friendly attitude to Queen Saba’. Direct imperative sentence without harfu nida ya’ implicate Sulaiman’s hope to feel close with Saba’ Queen. And then, love indication that shown by Saba’ Queen is her positive response to Sulaiman’s letter. As for the Sulaiman’s feeling expression process that explained by al-Quran explicitly are (1) sensing (2) interpreting, (3) feeling, (4) intending, and (5) expressing. Whereas Saba’ Queen’s feeling expression process explained by al-Quran explicitly are (1) sensing and (2) expressing. Keywords: Representament; object; interpersonal communication; sign.
BAING YUSUF (Ulama Central dalam Islamisasi di Purwakarta)
Authors: Andhitiyara Ricko 
Published: July 2024

Di Indonesia, para ulama telah memainkan peranan yang sangat penting dan strategis. Mereka berperan bukan hanya dalam peningkatan spiritual umat saja, akan tetapi juga dalam mendobrak kekuasaan pemerintahan Kolonial. Sejarah menjadi saksi betapa ulama telah berjasa besar dalam perjuangan kemerdekaan. Bukan hanya itu, ulama juga memainkan peranan penting dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat dikarenakan mereka memiliki posisi sebagai pemimpin informal, guru, pembina, dan pengajar agama khususnya. Dimana disini masyarakat menganggap ulama adalah pewaris Nabi Muhammad SAW dan perantara mereka dalam memahami ajaran yang dibawa oleh Nabi Muhammad SAW. Islam memandang para ulama merupakan penerus jejak risalah dan contoh panutan untuk masyarakat guna selamat.Begitu pun dengan Syekh Baing Yusuf, beliau merupakan salah satu tokoh penyebar agama Islam di Purwakarta. Beliau telah berkelana ke Madagaskar dan melanjutkan perjalanannya ke Tanah Suci guna menuntut ilmu. Dalam beberapa sumber sejarah Purwakarta, disebutkan bahwa Baing Yusuf merupakan tokoh sentral dalam penyebaran dan pengembangan agama Islam yang terdapat di Purwakarta. Baing Yusuf merupakan guru dari pendiri Pondok Pesantren Sempur, K.H. Bakri (masyarakat Purwakarta dan khususnya masyarakat setempat lebih mengenal dengan panggilan Mama Sempur).
Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam untuk Pasien Rawat Inap di Rumah Sakit
Authors: Arifin Isep Zainal 
Published: July 2024

One of the interesting and important problem that faced by patients at hospital is the ignoring of their spiritual need. However if this aspect cannot be fullfilled then patients will get psychological and theologicat effects and it is against patients right and nursing ethics. More of the patients at hospital are moslem, then the solution is there must be a research to find an islamic guidance and counseling programe which is able to serve the moslem spiritual needs because this spiritual needs cannot be fulfilled by general nursing sevices.
Interethnic Marriage and Identity Confusion: a Phenomenological Study
Authors: Priliyanti Sarah , Taujiri Muhammad Yusuf , Ihsan Naufal Nur , Khairunisa Putri , Fridayanti Fridayanti 
Published: July 2024

This study aims to explore the experiences of children resulting from intercultural marriages in Indonesia and the factors that influence the emergence of confusion about their cultural or ethnic identity. The approach used is qualitative with phenomenological design. The research subjects were selected based on purposive sampling techniques at students of a high school in the city of Bandung. Data were collected through interview techniques and processed using methods used by Giorgi (1985). The emerging themes are categorized and interpreted, taking into account the research questions and theoretical frameworks used. The results showed that some informants experienced confusion, and others did not. The factors identified influencing the appearance of confusion are adaptation, parenting communication and their social envirentment which their live.