bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Helical Oxidovanadium(IV) Salen‐Type Complexes: Synthesis, Characterisation and Catalytic Behaviour
Authors: Barman Sanmitra , Patil Smita , Desper John , Aikens Christine M. , Levy Christopher J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractChiral [VO(salen)] complexes (R,R)‐7 and (R,R)‐8 were synthesised by ligand replacement from [VO(acac)2] with the resolved (1R,2R)‐cyclohexyl ligands 3,3′‐[(1R,2R)‐1,2‐cyclohexane‐diylbis(nitrilomethylidyne)]bis‐4‐phenanthrenol [(R,R)‐3] and 3,3′‐[(1R,2R)‐1,2‐cyclohexanediylbis(nitrilomethylidyne)]bisbenz[a]anthracen‐1‐ol [(R,R)‐4], respectively. Similarly, complexes (R)‐9 and (R)‐10 were synthesised using the (R)‐binaphthyl ligands 3,3′‐[(1R)‐(1,1′‐binaphthalene)‐2,2′‐diylbis(nitrilomethylidyne)]bis‐4‐phenanthrenol [(R)‐5] and 3,3′‐[(1R)‐(1,1′‐binaphthalene)‐2,2′‐diylbis(nitrilomethylidyne)]bis‐benz[a]anthracen‐1‐ol [(R)‐6], respectively. These complexes were characterised by IR spectroscopy, ESI‐TOF‐MS, electronic absorption spectroscopy and circular dichroism (CD). Single crystal X‐ray analysis of (R,R)‐7 and (R,R)‐8 revealed distorted square pyramidal geometries and a 1:1 ratio of diastereomeric M and P helical conformers. Solution CD studies in THF combined with DFT calculations indicate that the M conformer dominates in solution for (R,R)‐7. Preliminary catalytic oxidation of thioanisole with H2O2 and 1 % [VO(salen)] showed good selectivity for sulfoxides over sulfones but low enantioselectivities (8 to 33 %) which are solvent dependent but insensitive to the catalyst used.
Synthesis and Structural Characterisation of Hafnium(IV) Mono‐ and Diphthalocyanines Obtained under Oxidation Conditions with Halogens
Authors: Janczak Jan , Kubiak Ryszard 
Published: October 2013

AbstractNew sandwich‐type hafnium(IV) diphthalocyaninato and hafnium(IV) monophthalocyaninato complexes were obtained in crystalline form under oxidation conditions with halogens. Partially oxidised by iodine, a sandwich‐type hafnium(IV) diphthalocyaninato complex with a composition of HfPc2I2 (Pc2– = phthalocyaninate) crystallizes in two crystalline modifications 1 and 2, depending on the thermal conditions. Both modifications are tetragonal and differ in the disordering model. Statistically, in both modifications, in two of three [HfPc2] sandwich units the closed‐shell d0 Hf4+ cation is sandwiched by a phthalocyaninato ligand (Pc2–) and a one‐electron‐oxidised Pc–· π‐radical ligand. The π‐radical character of the Pc–· ligand was detected by EPR spectroscopy. In 1, the Hf4+ and the symmetrical triiodide ions, which were detected by resonance Raman spectroscopy, are disordered in the crystal. However, in crystal 2, only the symmetrical I3– anions are disordered, but the Hf4+ cations are ordered. The hafnium(IV) monophthalocyanines with the composition of HfPcI2Pht (3) and HfPcBr2Pht (4) (Pht = phthalonitrile) are isostructural. The seven‐coordinate Hf4+ cation is surrounded by four isoindole N atoms of a Pc2– macrocycle, two halides (I– or Br–), and by a N atom of one of the two cyano groups of phthalonitrile. The last compound with a composition of HfPcCl2 (5) exists as a doubly bridged dimeric complex, bis[(μ2‐chlorido)chlorido(phthalocyaninato) hafnium(IV)], in which the coordination number seven of Hf4+ cations is achieved by four isoindole N atoms of Pc2–, two bridging, and one terminal Cl– ligand. The π–π interactions between the Pc macrocycles in the sandwich system [HfPc2] have an influence on the HOMO–LUMO transition, compared with the hafnium(IV) monophthalocyanines, and result in a blueshift of approximately 20 nm compared to that observed for hafnium(IV) monophthalocyanines.
The Effect of the Hydrogenation Temperature on TiO2 Nanostructures for Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation
Authors: Yang Yi , Ling Yichuan , Wang Gongming , Li Yat 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe report the photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of titanium dioxide (TiO2) based photoanodes for water oxidation as a function of the hydrogenation temperature. The hydrogen‐treatment strategy has recently been demonstrated as a simple and effective strategy to improve the performance of TiO2 photoanodes for the PEC water oxidation. However, the performance of those hydrogenated TiO2 photoanodes decreased gradually when the hydrogenation temperature was above 350 °C. This was attributed to the degradation of the fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate. To eliminate the influence of the substrate and to evaluate the effect of the hydrogenation temperature on the performance of TiO2 photoanodes, in this study we synthesized rutile, anatase, and mixed‐rutil/anatase phase TiO2 nanowire arrays on titanium (Ti) foils. These TiO2 nanowires were hydrogenated in a temperature range between 350 and 550 °C, in which the resistance of Ti foil remained unchanged. We found that the rutile‐ and anatase‐hydrogenated TiO2 photoanodes achieved the optimal performance for PEC water oxidation at a hydrogenation temperature of 350 and 550 °C, respectively. The optimal hydrogenation temperature is believed to be related to the carrier density of TiO2. These results could provide important insights for the improvement of the performance of TiO2 materials as photoelectrodes for PEC water oxidation as well as for other solar‐energy conversion devices.
Synthesis and Skeletal Transformations of Trinuclear Palladium and Nickel Phosphido Complexes
Authors: Arras Janet , Eichele Klaus , Wesemann Lars 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTrinuclear phosphido complexes of palladium and nickel were synthesized and characterized. [M{(2‐Me2NC6H4)PPh}(OAc)]3 [M = Pd (2), Ni (6)] were obtained from the respective acetate, [Pd(OAc)2]3 or [Ni(OAc)2(H2O)4], in reactions with the secondary aminophosphane (2‐Me2NC6H4)PHPh (1). The chloride derivative [Pd{(2‐Me2NC6H4)PPh}Cl]3 (4a) was generated from the reaction of the chelating ligand 1 with Na2PdCl4. The reaction of the acetate 2 with p‐toluenesulfonic acid (pTsOH) led to the formation of the tosylate analogue [Pd{(2‐Me2NC6H4)PPh}(OTs)]3 (3). From the reaction of the tosylate trimer 3 with CsCl, CsBr or NaI, the substitution products [Pd{(2‐Me2NC6H4)PPh}X]3 [X = Cl (4a), Br (4b), I (4c)] were isolated. From the reaction of the acetate 2 with HBF4 or HClO4 in acetonitrile, the solvent adduct [Pd(NP)(NCCH3)]33+ was isolated as the BF4– (5a) or ClO4– salt (5b). The phosphido‐bridged complexes were characterized by single‐crystal structural analyses (2, 4, 5a and 6), solution NMR experiments, and in the case of 2 and 4a by solid‐state 31P cross‐polarization magic‐angle spinning NMR spectroscopy. The crystal structures show the six‐membered (MP)3 cores in twist‐boat or boat conformations that appear to be maintained in solution, according to NMR evidence. A search for (MP)3 structures in the Cambridge Structural Database reveals that these two conformations are the most common ones (46 % twist‐boat, 21 % boat, 17 % chair).
Assembly of Silver–Organic Frameworks Containing Trifluoroacetate, Embedded 1,5‐Hexadiyne‐1,6‐diide, and Ancillary Nitrogen‐Donor Ligands
Authors: Hu Ting , Mak Thomas C. W. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTen new silver(I) trifluoroacetate complexes containing the 1,5‐hexadiyne‐1,6‐diide dianion and various types of ancillary heteroaromatic N‐donor ligands, namely, Ag2C6H4·5AgCF3CO2·4H2O (1), Ag2C6H4·5AgCF3CO2·3L1 (L1 = imidazole) (2), 3Ag2C6H4·10AgCF3CO2·4L2 (L2 = pyrazole, 3), Ag2C6H4·AgCF3CO2·5L3·H2O (L3 = 3,5‐dimethylpyrazole, 4), Ag2C6H4·5AgCF3CO2·2L4 (L4 = 2,2′‐bipyridine, 5), Ag2C6H4·3AgCF3CO2·L5 [L5 = trans‐1,2‐di(4‐pyridyl)ethylene, 6], Ag2C6H4·4AgCF3CO2·L6 (L6 = 1,4‐dicyanobenzene, 7), Ag2C6H4·6AgCF3CO2·2AgL7·H2O (HL7 = 4‐pyridinecarboxylic acid, 8), Ag2C6H4·3AgCF3CO2·2AgL8 (HL8 = pyrazine‐2‐carboxylic acid, 9), and Ag2C6H4·3AgCF3CO2·2AgL9·H2O (HL9 = 4‐cyanobenzencarboxylic acid, 10) have been synthesized and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. All complexes are based on assemblies with the multinuclear metal–ligand supramolecular synthon C6H4⊂Agn (n = 7, 8, 9), in which the C6H42– ligand has a gauche configuration. Complexes 2, 4, and 5 each possess an infinite argentophilic silver(I) chain coordinated by N‐donor ligands, and such coordination chains are further interlinked into a three‐dimensional supramolecular architecture through hydrogen bonding. Complexes 1, 3, and 7 exhibit coordination layers, which are further connected into three‐dimensional supramolecular frameworks through hydrogen bonding (1 and 3) or π···π stacking interactions (7). Complexes 6, 8, 9, and 10 all have a three‐dimensional coordination network with ancillary N‐donor ligands as bridge linkers.
Structure and Photoluminescent Properties of Lanthanide Coordination Polymers Formed by the Interweaving of Bis(triple‐stranded) Helical Chains
Authors: Bo Qi‐Bing , Zhang Hai‐Tao , Miao Jin‐Ling , Zhang Zhen‐Wei 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSeven novel lanthanide coordination polymers (CPs) with the general formula [Ln2(cpp)3(H2O)·(H2O)]n [Ln = Pr (cpp‐Pr), Nd (cpp‐Nd), Sm (cpp‐Sm), Eu (cpp‐Eu), Tb (cpp‐Tb), Er (cpp‐Er), and Yb (cpp‐Yb)] have been synthesized by hydrothermal reactions of the corresponding lanthanide nitrates and the ligand 3‐(4‐chlorophenyl)pentanedioic acid (H2cpp). All of the lanthanide CPs were structurally characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, TG analysis, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, and X‐ray powder diffraction (XRPD), and their photoluminescent properties were also investigated. X‐ray crystallographic analysis revealed that all of the lanthanide CPs are isostructural. The high coordination numbers and flexible coordination modes of the lanthanide ions, together with the flexible nature of the ligand H2cpp and the steric hindrance effects of the bulky chlorophenyl groups, bestow on the novel lanthanide CPs interesting structural features. Their overall structures can be described as 2D tubular meso‐helices, which result from the interweaving of bis(triple‐stranded) helical chains. As a result of efficient energy transfer from the ligands to metal ions, cpp‐Eu and cpp‐Tb are highly luminescent and exhibit intense emission bands in the visible region characteristic of the corresponding lanthanide ions. The solid‐state quantum yields and average lifetimes were determined to be 20 ± 3 % and τa(5D0) = 0.43 ± 0.02 ms for cpp‐Eu and 39 ± 3 % and τa(5D4) = 0.85 ± 0.01 ms for cpp‐Tb. In contrast, cpp‐Pr, cpp‐Nd, cpp‐Sm, cpp‐Er, and cpp‐Yb all display similar emission spectra originating from the ligand‐centered (LC) or ligand‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer (LLCT) excited state in the visible region. In addition, the near‐infrared (NIR) emission behavior of cpp‐Nd, cpp‐Er, and cpp‐Yb is also reported.
Ferromagnetic Interactions through Hydrogen Bonds in a One‐Dimensional NiII Coordination Polymer
Authors: Cortijo Miguel , González‐Prieto Rodrigo , Herrero Santiago , Jiménez‐Aparicio Reyes , Sánchez‐Rivera Paula 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA one‐dimensional coordination polymer [Ni(tp)(OH2)4] (1) (tp = –O2CC6H4CO2–; terephthalate) has been synthesized under environmentally friendly conditions. It has been characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction, and magnetic measurements. Compound 1 is a rare example of 1D polymeric NiII dicarboxylate that shows ferromagnetic interactions through hydrogen bonds. The zigzag arrangement of the NiII octahedral units connected by hydrogen bonds distinguishes compound 1 from other [Ni(dicarboxylate)(OH2)4] compounds, in which the interactions are antiferromagnetic.
Stereocontrolled Synthesis of a Cn–Cn+7Building Block (“Eastern Moiety”) for the Unnatural Enantiomers of Important Polyol,Polyene Antibiotics Based on a Ring‐Closing Metathesis and an Aldol Addition of a Lactone Enolate
Authors: Kamptmann Sonja B. , Brückner Reinhard 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA stereocontrolled synthesis of epoxide6, which represents the Cn–Cn+7or “eastern moiety” building block for the title compounds, has been realized in 19 steps. Our synthesis started from tetrabromoacetone26and afforded dibromotriene33bin six steps. The latter was subjected to a ring‐closing metathesis, which gave the dibromovinyl‐substituted lactone34in high yield. A highly stereoselective conjugate addition/enolate aldolization sequence established the additional stereocenters with perfect selectivity. Epoxide47bwas reached in another eight steps, which included a C–SiMe2Ph → C–OH oxidation in the presence of an acetal group. The final structure6was completed by hydrostannylation/brominolysis.
Facile Installation of a Hydroxyalkyl Group into Hydroxyanthraquinones and Aminoanthraquinones through the Modified Marschalk Reaction
Authors: Zhao Li‐Ming , Ma Feng‐Yan , Jin Hai‐Shan , Ma Jiao , Wang Huan , Fu Chuan‐Zhao 
Published: October 2013

Abstract1,4‐Dihydroxyanthraquinones are widely featured in numerous natural products and drugs. It is important to be able to functionalize the 1,4‐dihydroxyanthraquinone skeleton through a simple yet efficient transformation, which could be potentially useful for the drug discovery process. We describe herein a simple and efficient method to derivatize 1,4‐dihydroxyanthraquinone by using a modified Marschalk reaction. This method provides a clear advantage over traditional approaches, which often require the protection and deprotection of the OH groups. We also demonstrate the applicability of this reaction to other hydroxyanthraquinones and aminoanthraquinones.
endo,endo‐2,4‐Bis(azidomethyl)bicyclo[1.1.0]butane: A Highly Strained Organic Diazide
Authors: Herberth Edith , Christl Manfred 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAlthough it was previously shown that endo,endo‐bicyclo[1.1.0]butane‐2,4‐dimethanol dimesylate exclusively affords rearranged products upon solvolysis, SN2 reactions could now be achieved by application of special conditions. Even if two cyclopentenes emerged with tributylhexadecylphosphonium bromide (QBr) as the nucleophile, QCN mainly brought about the desired dinitrile having an intact bicyclo[1.1.0]butane system. In particular, the title diazide was readily accessible with QN3. This diazide was characterized by conversion into a bis(triazole) by using dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate as the dipolarophile.
Integrating the stereotype content model (warmth and competence) and the Osgood semantic differential (evaluation, potency, and activity)
Authors: Kervyn Nicolas , Fiske Susan T. , Yzerbyt Vincent Y. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe integrate two prominent models of social perception dimensionality. In three studies, we demonstrate how the well‐established semantic differential dimensions of evaluation and potency relate to the stereotype content model dimensions of warmth and competence. Specifically, using a correlational design (Study 1) and experimental designs (Studies 2 and 3), we found that semantic differential dimensions run diagonally across stereotype content model quadrants. Implications of integrating classic and modern approaches of social perception are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
One‐Step Synthesis of β‐Cyclodextrin Functionalized Graphene/Ag Nanocomposite and Its Application in Sensitive Determination of 4‐Nitrophenol
Authors: Liu Weilu , Li Cong , Gu Yue , Tang Liu , Zhang Zhiquan , Yang Ming 
Published: October 2013

Abstractβ‐Cyclodextrin functionalized graphene/Ag nanocomposite (β‐CD/GN/Ag) was prepared via a one‐step microwave treatment of a mixture of graphene oxide and AgNO3. β‐CD/GN/Ag was employed as an enhanced element for the sensitive determination of 4‐nitrophenol. A wide linear response to 4‐nitrophenol in the concentration ranges of 1.0×10−8–1.0×10−7 mol/L, and 1.0×10−7–1.5×10−3 mol/L was achieved, with a low detection limit of 8.9×10−10 mol/L (S/N=3). The mechanism and the heterogeneous electron transfer kinetics of the 4‐nitrophenol reduction were discussed according to the rotating disk electrode experiments. Furthermore, the sensing platform has been applied to the determination of 4‐nitrophenol in real samples.
Sensitive Electrochemical Aptasensor for Thrombin Detection with Platinum Nanoparticles, Blocking Reagent‐Horseradish Peroxidase and Graphene Oxide as Enhancers
Authors: Xu Zenghong , He Chun , Sun Tao , Wang Li 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA highly sensitive thrombin electrochemical aptasensor with Pt nanoparticles, blocking reagent‐horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and inert graphene oxide (GO) as enhancers was successfully fabricated. Firstly, Pt nanoparticles with high surface to volume ratio could increase the amount of the immobilized redox probe hexacyanoferrate nanoparticles (NiHCFNPs) and effectively enhance the electron transfer. Secondly, HRP and Pt nanoparticles with high catalytic activity extremely amplify the electrochemical signal of NiHCFNPs toward H2O2. Lastly, inert graphene oxide (GO) labeled TBA could be used for enlarging the steric hindrance of thrombin. As a result, the aptasensor showed a high sensitivity with a detection limit of 500 fM.
Optimization and Cost‐Oriented Comparison of Ammonia‐ and Propane‐Compression Refrigeration for the Recovery of Natural Gas Liquids
Authors: Chebbi Rachid , Qasim Muhammad , Darwish Naif A. , Ashraf Muhammad Tahir 
Published: October 2013

AbstractOptimization and a cost‐oriented analysis, including the capital and energy‐of‐compression costs, were performed to compare propane‐ and ammonia‐refrigeration economizer cycles with and without presaturators. The simulation and optimization to minimize the cost were performed by using the HYSYS simulator and the Peng–Robinson equation of state was used for the thermodynamic model. Different chiller temperatures and duties were considered. The simulation and optimization results show the limitations of simplified formulas in determining properly the optimum intermediate compression pressure in refrigeration economizer cycles. The results also show that having a presaturator lowers the cost of ammonia refrigeration cycles and enhances costs in propane loops. Among all, ammonia cycles with presaturators were found to offer the lowest cost. The exergy and economic analyses show quite similar distributions of the lost work and cost in the different components of the refrigeration loops. Ammonia refrigeration cycles with presaturators offer the lowest lost work and the highest coefficient of performance. However, the chiller temperatures are limited to approximately −33.3 °C (−28 °F) in the case of ammonia cycles whereas they can be as low as −41.7 °C (−43 °F) in propane loops.
Refuge areas and vertical evacuation of multistorey buildings: the end users' perspectives
Authors: McConnell Nigel C. , Boyce Karen E. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryRefuge areas have been utilized for some time in multistorey buildings as an integral part of evacuation strategies for those with mobility impairments. Nevertheless, there has been little research on the level of understanding of what a refuge is, nor on the views or concerns of users in the event of an emergency. This paper reports on a study to determine the knowledge and concerns that people with reduced mobility have regarding refuges, and their willingness to use them. Results indicated that almost half of the sample who ‘could not’ or ‘would find it difficult’ to descend one storey had little or no knowledge of a refuge. Having been made aware of what a refuge was and how it might be used, over three‐quarters of respondents said they would be prepared to use it. Nevertheless, 60% of respondents felt that they would not be comfortable remaining in a refuge for more than 10 min without assistance. Major concerns were ‘being forgotten’, ‘lack of information/ communication on the waiting time prior to assistance arriving’, and ‘being left alone’. This paper also identifies how confidence to remain in a refuge may be increased and explores awareness and feelings regarding vertical evacuation options. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detailed surveys of the existing condition of the Bärenwerk pressure tunnel for plant renewal / Detaillierte Bestandserhebung für den Druckstollen Bärenwerk zur Anlagenerneuerung
Authors: Lumetzberger Martin , Kitzler Christian 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe “KW Bärenwerk” power station project is currently being implemented by the Salzburg AG. This article reports in detail how extensive surveys of the existing condition formed the basis for innovative decisions making by the company. The investigations carried out above and below ground in the period 2009–2010 were the basis for an objective consideration of the decision whether to repair the existing tunnel system or construct a new tunnel.First the power station and its current facilities are described, with particular emphasis on the headrace and headrace tunnel. The investigations and analyses are also described in detail, and how the knowledge gained was used in the design process. A possible decision‐making process is described, with a comparison of the most important features in order to differentiate between repair and new construction. The report ends with the state of the works that are currently underway.In diesem Beitrag wird an einem derzeit in Realisierung befindlichem Kraftwerksprojekt “KW Bärenwerk” der Salzburg AG ausführlich dargelegt, wie eine umfassende Bestandserhebung die Grundlage zu einer richtungsweisenden Unternehmensentscheidungen bilden kann. Die unter‐ sowie obertägig im Zeitraum von 2009 und 2010 durchgeführten Untersuchungen waren die Basis für eine objektive Betrachtungsweise der beiden möglichen Entscheidungswege einer Sanierung des bestehenden Stollensystems oder eines Stollenneubaus.Einleitend werden das Kraftwerk mit seinen Anlagenteilen und die Ist‐Situation erläutert, wobei speziell auf den Triebwasserweg bzw. den Triebwasserstollen eingegangen wird. Weiter werden die Untersuchungen und Analysen detailliert beschrieben und die daraus gewonnen Erkenntnisse in die Planung übertragen. Es wird ein möglicher Weg des Entscheidungsprozesses gezeigt und dazu anhand einer Gegenüberstellung der wesentlichsten Entscheidungskriterien die wichtigsten Unterscheidungsmerkmale der Sanierung bzw. des Neubaus des Druckstollens dargelegt. Der Bericht schließt mit dem Stand der tatsächlich durchgeführten Arbeiten.
Deformation measurement and long‐term behaviour of passively prestressed pressure tunnels through the example of the Niagara Tunnel Facility Project / Verformungsmessung und Langzeitverhalten von passiv vorgespannten Druckstollen am Beispiel des Niagara Tunnel Facility Projekt
Authors: Krenn Harald , Roner Manfred , Bauert Michael , Wannenmacher Helmut 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe recently completed Niagara Tunnel Facility Project in the province of Ontario in Canada is an extension of the Sir Adam Beck hydropower station originally built in the 19th century. The project includes the construction of a diversion tunnel to supply the existing hydropower station with an additional 500 m3 of water per second. The long‐term stability of the unreinforced concrete lining is assured by a passive prestressed concrete lining according to the principles of Seeber. The operational water pressures reach 13 bar at the deepest point of the tunnel. In order to be able to monitor the slight deformations of the lining in the course of the prestressing process, an innovatively thought‐out method of surveying had to be developed. The results of the deformation and long‐term monitoring are presented.Das kürzlich fertiggestellte Niagara Tunnel Facility Projekt in der Provinz Ontario in Kanada ist eine Erweiterung des im 19. Jahrhundert erbauten Sir Adam Beck Wasserkraftwerks. Das Projekt umfasst den Bau eines Umleitungsstollens, der das bestehende Wasserkraftwerk mit zusätzlichen 500 m3 Wasser pro Sekunde speist. Für die langfristige Stabilität der unbewehrten Betonschale wird die Schale nach dem Prinzip der passiven Vorspannung nach Seeber vorgespannt. Die betrieblichen Wasserdrücke erreichen am tiefsten Punkt des Tunnels rund 13 bar. Um die geringen Verformungen der Schale im Zuge des Vorspannungsprozesses messtechnisch überwachen zu können, musste eine innovative Vermessungsmethode entwickelt werden. Ergebnisse der Verformungs‐ und der Langzeitmessung werden vorgestellt.