bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the efficacy of direct conservation interventions: clutch protection of the leatherback marine turtle in the Dominican Republic
Authors: Revuelta Ohiana , León Yolanda M. , Broderick Annette C. , Feliz Pablo , Godley Brendan J. , Balbuena Juan A. , Mason Andrea , Poulton Kate , Savoré Stefania , Raga Juan A. , Tomás Jesús 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe beaches of Jaragua National Park in the Dominican Republic are the country's last known major nesting site for the leatherback marine turtle Dermochelys coriacea. This nesting aggregation is threatened by widespread illegal egg take, and clutch relocation and artificial incubation have been carried out as protection measures since 1974. We assess the efficacy of such efforts and investigate how artificial incubation may be influencing the success and sex ratios of clutches. We compare hatching success, incubation duration and embryo mortality in in-situ clutches (n = 43) with those incubated artificially at sites in the east and west of the Park (n = 35 and n = 31, respectively). Our results show that in the west, artificial incubation significantly decreases hatching success in clutches. In the east the duration of incubation is increased, which we predict would result in an increase in the number of males from these clutches. Clutch relocation is currently the only viable conservation option for clutches on eastern beaches because of illegal egg take but action is needed to ensure that the natural sex ratio is not distorted. However, on the western beaches in situ clutch incubation seems possible through beach protection. Further community engagement and enforcement are required to improve conservation measures at eastern beaches if long-term, less sustainable intervention is to be avoided.
Successful emergency cardiac pacing and permanent pacemaker insertion in a preterm 29-week gestation hydropic baby with congenital complete heart block
Authors: Beake Matthew Jonathan , Bhole Vinay , Johnston Tracey , Rasiah Shree Vishna 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA preterm 29-week gestation baby was delivered because of gross foetal hydrops secondary to congenital complete heart block. Despite a poor prognosis, she survived stabilisation and received emergency epicardial pacing followed by permanent pacemaker insertion on day 13, weighing 1.2 kg.
Implementation of a Titrated Oxygen Protocol in the Out-of-Hospital Setting
Authors: Bosson Nichole , Gausche-Hill Marianne , Koenig William 
Published: July 2014

AbstractOxygen is one of the most frequently-used therapeutic agents in medicine and the most commonly administered drug by prehospital personnel. There is increasing evidence of harm with too much supplemental oxygen in certain conditions, including stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), neonatal resuscitations, and in postresuscitation care. Recent guidelines published by the British Thoracic Society (BTS) advocate titrated oxygen therapy, but these guidelines have not been widely adapted in the out-of-hospital setting where high-flow oxygen is the standard. This report is a description of the implementation of a titrated oxygen protocol in a large urban-suburban Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system and a discussion of the practical application of this out-of-hospital protocol.BossonN,Gausche-HillM,KoenigW.Implementation of a titrated oxygen protocol in the out-of-hospital setting.Prehosp Disaster Med.2014;28(4):1-6.
Periodic Cation Segregation in Cs0.44[Nb2.54W2.46O14] Quantified by High-Resolution Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Heidelmann Markus , Barthel Juri , Cox Gerhard , Weirich Thomas E. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe atomic structure of Cs0.44[Nb2.54W2.46O14] closely resembles the structure of the most active catalyst for the synthesis of acrylic acid, the M1 phase of
${\rm Mo}_{{{\rm 10}}} {\rm V}_{{\rm 2}}^{{{\rm 4{\plus}}}} {\rm Nb}_{2} {\rm TeO}_{{{\rm 42}{\minus}x}} $
. Consistently with observations made for the latter compound, the high-angle electron scattering signal recorded by scanning transmission electron microscopy shows a significant intensity variation, which repeats periodically with the projected crystallographic unit cell. The occupation factors for the individual mixed Nb/W atomic columns are extracted from the observed intensity variations. For this purpose, experimental images and simulated images are compared on an identical intensity scale, which enables a quantification of the cation distribution. According to our analysis specific sites possess low tungsten concentrations of 25%, whereas other sites have tungsten concentrations above 70%. These findings allow us to refine the existing structure model of the target compound, which has until now described a uniform distribution of the niobium and tungsten atoms in the unit cell, showing that the similarity between Cs0.44[Nb2.54W2.46O14] and the related catalytic compounds also extends to the level of the cation segregation.
Comparative analysis of the interaction between habitat and growth form in diatoms
Authors: Nakov Teofil , Ashworth Matt , Theriot Edward C 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
We characterized the evolutionary history of growth form (solitary–colonial) and its interaction with species’ habitat (planktonic–benthic) across a multi-gene phylogeny encompassing a broad sample of the order-level diversity of diatoms. We treated these characters broadly, modeling the evolution of aggregation of cells into a colony irrespective of the way aggregation is achieved, and relating the growth form to a broad concept of niche location: in the plankton or benthos. The results showed that habitat shifts are rare implying conservatism in niche location at the level of large clades. On the other hand, the evolutionary history of growth form is more dynamic with evolutionary rates that vary across the tree. Analyses of a possible interaction revealed that shifts in growth form are independent of habitat and that traversing between habitats does not hinge upon species’ growth form. Our findings help to fill a gap in the understanding of diatom niche and growth form macroevolution and contribute toward a platform for the comparative study of the mechanisms underlying diatom species and functional diversity.
The association between air pollution and mortality in Thailand
Authors: Guo Yuming , Li Shanshan , Tawatsupa Benjawan , Punnasiri Kornwipa , Jaakkola Jouni J. K. , Williams Gail 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBayesian statistical inference with a case-crossover design was used to examine the effects of air pollutants {Particulate matter <10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and ozone (O3)} on mortality. We found that all air pollutants had significant short-term impacts on non-accidental mortality. An increase of 10 μg/m3 in PM10, 10 ppb in O3, 1 ppb in SO2 were associated with a 0.40% (95% posterior interval (PI): 0.22, 0.59%), 0.78% (95% PI: 0.20, 1.35%) and 0.34% (95% PI: 0.17, 0.50%) increase of non-accidental mortality, respectively. O3 air pollution is significantly associated with cardiovascular mortality, while PM10 is significantly related to respiratory mortality. In general, the effects of all pollutants on all mortality types were higher in summer and winter than those in the rainy season. This study highlights the effects of exposure to air pollution on mortality risks in Thailand. Our findings support the Thailand government in aiming to reduce high levels of air pollution.
Cluster-like coordinates in supersymmetric quantum field theory
Authors: Neitzke Andrew 
Published: July 2014

SignificanceThe subject of cluster algebras was born out of the study of concrete mathematical questions such as “how can we detect when a matrix will have all eigenvalues positive?” Recently it has turned out that cluster algebras show up in all kinds of unexpected places, even in the physicists’ playground of quantum field theory. This paper is a review of one way in which quantum field theory and cluster algebras interact. In particular, the paper argues that geometric ideas coming from quantum field theory lead to a natural extension of the theory of cluster algebras.
Evolutionary trends inTriceratopsfrom the Hell Creek Formation, Montana
Authors: Scannella John B. , Fowler Denver W. , Goodwin Mark B. , Horner John R. 
Published: July 2014

SignificanceThe deciphering of evolutionary trends in nonavian dinosaurs can be impeded by a combination of small sample sizes, low stratigraphic resolution, and lack of ontogenetic (developmental) details for many taxa. Analysis of a large sample (n> 50) of the famous horned dinosaurTriceratopsfrom the Hell Creek Formation of Montana incorporates new stratigraphic and ontogenetic findings to permit the investigation of evolution within this genus. Our research indicates that the two currently recognized species ofTriceratops(T. horridusandT. prorsus) are stratigraphically separated and that the evolution of this genus likely incorporated anagenetic (transformational) change. These findings impact interpretations of dinosaur diversity at the end of the Cretaceous and illuminate potential modes of evolution in the Dinosauria.
Cremmer–Gervais cluster structure on
SL

n
Authors: Gekhtman Michael , Shapiro Michael , Vainshtein Alek 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Coexistence of diverse mathematical structures supported on the same variety leads to deeper understanding of its features. If the manifold is a Lie group, endowing it with a Poisson structure that respects group multiplication (Poisson–Lie structure) is instrumental in a study of classical and quantum-mechanical systems with symmetries. In turn, a Poisson structure on a variety can be compatible with a cluster structure—a useful combinatorial tool that organizes generators of the ring of regular functions into a collection of overlapping clusters connected via rational transformations. We conjectured that this is the case for an important class of Poisson–Lie groups. The paper verifies this conjecture for a group of invertible matrices equipped with a nonstandard Poisson–Lie structure.
Time-resolved resting-state brain networks
Authors: Zalesky Andrew , Fornito Alex , Cocchi Luca , Gollo Leonardo L. , Breakspear Michael 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Large-scale organizational properties of brain networks mapped with functional magnetic resonance imaging have been studied in a time-averaged sense. This is an oversimplification. We demonstrate that brain activity between multiple pairs of spatially distributed regions spontaneously fluctuates in and out of correlation over time in a globally coordinated manner, giving rise to sporadic intervals during which information can be efficiently exchanged between neuronal populations. We argue that dynamic fluctuations in the brain’s organizational properties may minimize metabolic requirements while maintaining the brain in a responsive state.
Three-dimensionally printed biological machines powered by skeletal muscle
Authors: Cvetkovic Caroline , Raman Ritu , Chan Vincent , Williams Brian J. , Tolish Madeline , Bajaj Piyush , Sakar Mahmut Selman , Asada H. Harry , Saif M. Taher A. , Bashir Rashid 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Cell-based soft robotic devices could have a transformative impact on our ability to design machines and systems that can dynamically sense and respond to a range of complex environmental signals. We demonstrate innovative advancements in biomaterials, tissue engineering, and 3D printing, as well as an integration of these technologies, to forward engineer a controllable centimeter-scale biological machine capable of locomotion on a surface in fluid. Due in part to their elastic nature and the living components that can permit a dynamic response to environmental and applied stimuli, these biological machines can have diverse applications and represent a significant advancement toward high-level functional control over soft biorobotic systems.
Cep164 triggers ciliogenesis by recruiting Tau tubulin kinase 2 to the mother centriole
Authors: Čajánek Lukáš , Nigg Erich A. 
Published: July 2014

Significance
The primary cilium is an organelle typically found on postmitotic vertebrate cells. Cilia serve as antennae to receive signals from extracellular space and thus play important roles in both development and disease. Understanding the mechanisms controlling their formation (ciliogenesis) is of great importance. Ciliogenesis is known to depend on basal bodies, but although major steps have been described at a morphological level, the underlying mechanism and its regulation remain poorly understood. In our study, we characterized Cep164, a key component of basal bodies that is crucial for ciliogenesis. We show that one major function of Cep164 is to recruit a protein kinase, TTBK2, to basal bodies. Once localized correctly, TTBK2 then functions in distal appendage assembly and primary cilia formation.
Structural basis for the recruitment of glycogen synthase by glycogenin
Authors: Zeqiraj Elton , Tang Xiaojing , Hunter Roger W. , García-Rocha Mar , Judd Andrew , Deak Maria , von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff Alexander , Kurinov Igor , Guinovart Joan J. , Tyers Mike , Sakamoto Kei , Sicheri Frank 
Published: July 2014

Significance
The body stores excess blood glucose as glycogen, a sugary substance that contains up to 55,000 glucose molecules joined together as a chain, mostly in liver and muscle cells. Conversion of glucose to glycogen and glycogen to glucose in these cells plays an important role in regulating blood glucose levels. Glycogen ensures that we don’t run out of fuel during prolonged exercise. To make glycogen from blood sugar, cells need two enzymes: glycogenin and glycogen synthase. Glycogenin kick starts the process by first linking to itself a string of glucose residues and then recruiting glycogen synthase to elaborate this “seed” glycogen particle. Here, we describe the molecular details of how these two enzymes come together and begin to make glycogen.
Local genomic adaptation of coral reef-associated microbiomes to gradients of natural variability and anthropogenic stressors
Authors: Kelly Linda W. , Williams Gareth J. , Barott Katie L. , Carlson Craig A. , Dinsdale Elizabeth A. , Edwards Robert A. , Haas Andreas F. , Haynes Matthew , Lim Yan Wei , McDole Tracey , Nelson Craig E. , Sala Enric , Sandin Stuart A. , Smith Jennifer E. , Vermeij Mark J. A. , Youle Merry , Rohwer Forest 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Microbial communities associated with coral reefs influence the health and sustenance of keystone benthic organisms (e.g., coral holobionts). The present study investigated the community structure and metabolic potential of microbes inhabiting coral reefs located across an extensive area in the central Pacific. We found that the taxa present correlated strongly with the percent coverage of corals and algae, while community metabolic potential correlated best with geographic location. These findings are inconsistent with prevailing biogeographic models of microbial diversity (e.g., distance decay) and metabolic potential (i.e., similar functional profiles regardless of phylogenetic variability). Based on these findings, we propose that the primary carbon sources determine community structure and that local biogeochemistry determines finer-scale metabolic function.
Long and spatially variable Neolithic Demographic Transition in the North American Southwest
Authors: Kohler Timothy A. , Reese Kelsey M. 
Published: July 2014

SignificancePopulation size greatly affects the human condition but is difficult for archaeologists to estimate. For the Neolithic North American Southwest, we use indirect methods to estimate birth rate and life expectancy, two major factors determining population size. The population boom usually accompanying the introduction of cultivated plants and animals, the “Neolithic Demographic Transition,” was slow to emerge here and was marked by considerable subregional variability in birth rate. This variability is likely related to differing morbidities and availability of agricultural lands in various subregions. In common with many Neolithic peoples, pre-Hispanic Puebloans experienced very high birth rates, especially between A.D. 500 and 1300 when they possibly exceeded the highest in the world today, and quite low life expectancy at birth.
Human endothelial colony-forming cells serve as trophic mediators for mesenchymal stem cell engraftment via paracrine signaling
Authors: Lin Ruei-Zeng , Moreno-Luna Rafael , Li Dan , Jaminet Shou-Ching , Greene Arin K. , Melero-Martin Juan M. 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) circulate in peripheral blood and contribute to the formation of new vasculature. Here, we demonstrate that ECFCs can also function as paracrine mediators prior to the establishment of blood perfusion, modulating the regenerative potential of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). We show that MSCs are highly dependable on platelet-derived growth factor BB and that ECFCs provide critical angiocrine factors needed to preserve MSCs as viable. This early angiocrine support ultimately enables extensive engraftment and long-term differentiation of transplanted MSCs. This study provides new insights into the biological attributes of ECFCs that may expand their therapeutic potential. We foresee the use of ECFCs as a means to improve the outcome of MSC transplantation.
Distinct synthetic Aβ prion strains producing different amyloid deposits in bigenic mice
Authors: Stöhr Jan , Condello Carlo , Watts Joel C. , Bloch Lillian , Oehler Abby , Nick Mimi , DeArmond Stephen J. , Giles Kurt , DeGrado William F. , Prusiner Stanley B. 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common neurodegenerative disorder; it is a progressive dementia for which there is currently no effective therapeutic intervention. The brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease exhibit numerous amyloid β (Aβ) amyloid plaques and tau-laden neurofibrillary tangles. Our studies show that synthetic Aβ peptides can form prions that infect mice and induce Aβ amyloid plaque pathology. Two different Aβ prion strains were produced from Aβ peptides. When injected into transgenic mice, one Aβ strain produced large plaques and the other strain induced small but more numerous plaques. Our findings may help to delineate the molecular pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease and the development of anti-Aβ prion therapeutics.
Engineered red blood cells as carriers for systemic delivery of a wide array of functional probes
Authors: Shi Jiahai , Kundrat Lenka , Pishesha Novalia , Bilate Angelina , Theile Chris , Maruyama Takeshi , Dougan Stephanie K. , Ploegh Hidde L. , Lodish Harvey F. 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Engineered human RBCs are attractive carriers for the introduction of novel therapeutics, immunomodulatory agents, and diagnostic imaging probes into the human body. Normal murine and human RBCs can be produced in tissue culture from progenitors; we have introduced genes into these cells encoding surface proteins that can be covalently and site-specifically modified on the cell surface. The engineering and labeling processes do not damage the cells or affect their survival in vivo. Most importantly, the engineered RBCs can be labeled with a wide array of functional probes, including small molecules, peptides, and proteins, and thus have the potential to be carriers of a variety of therapeutic substances into the bloodstream.
Extension of Nakagawa & Schielzeth's R2GLMM to random slopes models
Authors: Johnson Paul C.D. 
Published: July 2014

Summary

Nakagawa & Schielzeth extended the widely used goodness‐of‐fit statistic R2 to apply to generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs). However, their R2GLMM method is restricted to models with the simplest random effects structure, known as random intercepts models. It is not applicable to another common random effects structure, random slopes models.

I show that R2GLMM can be extended to random slopes models using a simple formula that is straightforward to implement in statistical software. This extension substantially widens the potential application of R2GLMM.
High flow cytometric scores identify adverse prognostic subgroups within the revised international prognostic scoring system for myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Alhan Canan , Westers Theresia M. , Cremers Eline M. P. , Cali Claudia , Witte Birgit I. , Ossenkoppele Gert J. , van de Loosdrecht Arjan A. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryThe estimation of survival of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and risk of progression into acute myeloid leukaemia is challenging due to the heterogeneous clinical course. The most widely used prognostic scoring system (International Prognostic Scoring System [IPSS]) was recently revised (IPSS‐R). The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic relevance of flow cytometry (FC) in the context of theIPSS‐R. Bone marrow aspirates were analysed byFCin 159 patients withMDS. A flow score was calculated by applying the flow cytometric scoring system (FCSS). Patients were assigned toIPSSandIPSS‐R risk groups. TheFCSScorrelated with the World Health Organization classification,IPSSandIPSS‐R risk groups. Mild flow cytometric abnormalities were associated with significantly better overall survival (OS) and lower risk of disease evolution. The presence of aberrant myeloid progenitors was associated with transfusion dependency and disease progression. Most importantly, theFCSSidentified prognostic subgroups within theIPSS‐R cytogenetic good risk and low risk group. Flow cytometric analysis in patients withMDSprovides additional prognostic information and is complementary to theIPSS‐R. The addition of a flow cytometric score next to the clinical parameters within theIPSS‐R is a further refinement of prognostication of patients withMDS.
PIM and AKT kinase inhibitors show synergistic cytotoxicity in acute myeloid leukaemia that is associated with convergence on mTOR and MCL1 pathways
Authors: Meja Koremu , Stengel Chloe , Sellar Rob , Huszar Dennis , Davies Barry R. , Gale Rosemary E. , Linch David C. , Khwaja Asim 
Published: July 2014

SummaryPIM kinases (PIM1, 2 and 3) are involved in cell proliferation and survival signalling and are emerging targets for the therapy of various malignancies. We found that a significant proportion of primary acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) samples showed PIM1 and PIM2 expression by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Therefore, we investigated the effects of a novel ATP‐competitive pan‐PIM inhibitor, AZD1897, on AML cell growth and survival. PIM inhibition showed limited single agent activity in AML cell lines and primary AML cells, including those with or without FLT3‐internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutation. However, significant synergy was seen when AZD1897 was combined with the Akt inhibitor AZD5363, a compound that is in early‐phase clinical trials. AML cells from putative leukaemia stem cell subsets, including CD34+38− and CD34+38+ fractions, were equivalently affected by dual PIM/Akt inhibition when compared with bulk tumour cells. Analysis of downstream signalling pathways showed that combined PIM/Akt inhibition downregulated mTOR outputs (phosphorylation of 4EBP1 and S6) and markedly reduced levels of the anti‐apoptotic protein MCL1. The combination of PIM and Akt inhibition holds promise for the treatment of AML.