bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized clinical trial of astaxanthin supplement on serum inflammatory markers and ER stress‐apoptosis gene expression in PBMCs of women with PCOS
Authors: Jabarpour Masoome , Amidi Fardin , Aleyasin Ashraf , Nashtaei Maryam Shabani , Marghmaleki Mojtaba Saedi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPolycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is related to pro‐apoptotic and pro‐inflammatory conditions generated by Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This study aimed to determine the effect of Astaxanthin (ASX), as carotenoid with potent antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties, on serum inflammatory markers, apoptotic factors and ER stress‐apoptotic genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of women with PCOS. This randomized, double‐blind clinical trial included 56 PCOS patients aged 18–40. For 8 weeks, subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups: either 12 mg ASX (n = 28) or placebo (n = 28). Real‐time PCR was used to quantify gene expression associated with ER stress‐apoptosis in PCOS women's PBMCs. The levels of TNF‐α, IL18, IL6 and CRP were determined by obtaining blood samples from all patients before and after the intervention using Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Also, the levels of active caspase‐3 and caspase‐8 were detected in the PBMC by ELISA kit. Furthermore, we evaluated the efficacy of ASX on disease symptoms. Following the 8‐week intervention, ASX supplementation was able to reduce the expression of GRP78 (p = 0.051), CHOP (p = 0.008), XBP1 (p = 0.002), ATF4 (0.038), ATF6 (0.157) and DR5 (0.016) when compared to the placebo. However, this decrease was not statistically significant for ATF6 (p = 0.067) and marginally significant for GRP78 (p = 0.051). The levels of TNF‐α (p = 0.009), IL‐18 (p = 0.003), IL‐6 (p = 0.013) and active caspase‐3 (p = 0.012) were also statistically significant lower in the therapy group. However, there was no significant difference in CRP (p = 0.177) and caspase‐8 (p = 0.491) levels between the treatment and control groups. In our study, ASX had no significant positive effect on BMI, hirsutism, hair loss and regularity of the menstrual cycle. It appears that ASX may benefit PCOS by changing the ER stress‐apoptotic pathway and reducing serum inflammatory markers; however, additional research is required to determine this compound's potential relevance.
Hair follicle sulfotransferase activity and effectiveness of oral minoxidil in androgenetic alopecia
Authors: Jimenez‐Cauhe Juan , Vaño‐Galvan Sergio , Mehta Nina , Hermosa‐Gelbard Angela , Ortega‐Quijano Daniel , Buendia‐Castaño Diego , Fernández‐Nieto Diego , Porriño‐Bustamante Maria , Saceda‐Corralo David , Pindado‐Ortega Cristina , Moreno‐Arrones Oscar M. , Wambier Carlos , Dhura Rachita , Lotti Torello , Goren Andy 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundAndrogenetic alopecia (AGA) is common. While topical minoxidil remains the only FDA‐approved therapeutic for AGA, its efficacy is limited in stimulating clinically significant hair regrowth over the longer term. Oral minoxidil, which is used off‐label, is a promising alternative; however, its effectiveness and underlying mechanisms warrant further investigation.AimsTo elucidate the site of action and infer the physiological mechanisms underlying therapeutic responses to oral minoxidil in patients with AGA.MethodsForty‐one patients with AGA underwent 6 months of low‐dose oral minoxidil treatment. Minoxidil sulfotransferase (SULT) activity was assayed in plucked scalp hair follicles. The primary outcome was hair growth after low‐dose oral minoxidil treatment for a minimum of 6 months, and the secondary outcome was SULT activity in hair follicles.ResultsAfter 6 months of treatment, 26 (63.4%) patients experienced a clinical improvement in alopecia symptoms. The response rate was higher in men (19/26 [73.1%]) than in women (6/15 [40.0%]). Patients with low hair follicle SULT activity demonstrated a higher minoxidil response rate than those with high enzyme activity (85% vs. 43%, p = 0.009).ConclusionsOur findings indicate that low SULT activity within the hair follicles is associated with a favorable response to oral minoxidil therapy in patients with AGA. Further elucidation of the underlying mechanisms could significantly improve personalized therapeutic approaches through improved patient selection and the rational design of adjuvant treatments.
What's in a norm? Deviation from the Ideal Worker Norm as an explanation for backlash against leave‐takers
Authors: Montanye Michael R. , Livingston Beth A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPrior research has suggested that employees who take leave from work experience backlash – with some authors describing backlash to deviations from gendered norms and others to deviations from an ‘Ideal Worker Norm’ (IWN). In this study, we investigate the degree to which backlash against leave‐takers is explained by these two separate, but related, paths, and whether individual (gender of leave‐taker) or organizational (family‐friendly vs. competitive culture) moderators mitigate such effects. Using a pre‐registered experimental design, and our newly validated Ideal Worker Evaluation measure and evaluations of agency and communion to capture perceived deviation from the norms, we find significant indirect effects of leave‐taking on backlash via the IWN path and the agency portion of the gendered path, but not via the communion portion of the gendered path. We also find that family‐friendly organizational cultures partially mitigate the effect of leave‐taking on backlash, but predominately via the IWN path and not the gendered norms path. Whereas gender of the leave‐taker was found to affect backlash via the gendered norms path (and not the IWN path), but only for the agency using the proscribed operationalization of ‘dominance’. Theoretical and practical implications of our findings are then discussed.
Institutional opportunism: How electoral fortunes shape preferences for power‐sharing institutions in Latin America
Authors: Alles Santiago 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDrawing on approximately 4000 face‐to‐face interviews with lower house members from seventeen Latin American countries, this article demonstrates how partisan considerations shape legislators' preferences for power‐sharing institutions. Distributive models argue that reforming parties derive preferences based on potential advantages in power allocation, yet the role of individual legislators remains underexplored. The evidence reveals that legislators favor institutional arrangements that maximize their party's influence. Representatives from larger parties prefer electoral rules that reduce the number of parties in the House, while incumbent lawmakers support a stronger executive. Notably, party positions often shift following changes in electoral fortunes: Parties become more favorable of proportional representation after losing seats and advocate for reinforced congressional authority upon leaving office.
Population dynamics of the Lyme disease bacterium, Borrelia burgdorferi, during rapid range expansion in New York State
Authors: Oppler Zachary J. , Prusinski Melissa A. , O'Keeffe Kayleigh R. , Pearson Patrick , Rich Stephen M. , Falco Richard C. , Vinci Vanessa , O'Connor Collin , Haight Jamie , Backenson P. Bryon , Brisson Dustin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRecent changes in climate and human land‐use have resulted in alterations of the geographic range of many species, including human pathogens. Geographic range expansion and population growth of human pathogens increase human disease risk. Relatively little empirical work has investigated the impact of range changes on within‐population variability, a contributor to both colonization success and adaptive potential, during the precise time in which populations are colonized. This is likely due to the difficulties of collecting appropriate natural samples during the dynamic phase of migration and colonization. We systematically collected blacklegged ticks (Ixodes scapularis) across New York State (NY), USA, between 2006 and 2019, a time period coinciding with a rapid range expansion of ticks and their associated pathogens including Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiological agent of Lyme disease. These samples provide a unique opportunity to investigate the population dynamics of human pathogens as they expand into novel territory. We observed that founder effects were short‐lived, as gene flow from long‐established populations brought almost all B. burgdorferi lineages to newly colonized populations within just a few years of colonization. By 7 years post‐colonization, B. burgdorferi lineage frequency distributions were indistinguishable from long‐established sites, indicating that local B. burgdorferi populations experience similar selective pressures despite geographic separation. The B. burgdorferi lineage dynamics elucidate the processes underlying the range expansion and demonstrate that migration into, and selection within, newly colonized sites operate on different time scales.
The Subaltern: Illuminating matters of representation and agency in mental health nursing through a postcolonial feminist lens
Authors: Dhari Shivinder , Slemon Allie , Jenkins Emily 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInpatient mental health nursing operates with an overarching goal to support people living with mental health challenges by managing risk of harm to self and others, decreasing symptoms, and promoting capacity to live outside of hospital settings. Yet, dominant, harmful stereotypes persist, constructing patients as less than, in need of saving, and lacking self‐control and agency. These dominant assumptions are deeply entrenched in racist, patriarchal, and Othering beliefs and continue to perpetuate and (re)produce inequities, specifically for people with multiple intersecting identities relating to race, class, gender, and culture. This paper explores the relevance of postcolonial feminism, particularly Gayatri Spivak's concept of Subaltern—conceptualized as groups of people who are denied access to power and therefore continue to be systematically oppressed and marginalized—in illuminating the problematic and dominant assumptions about people living with mental health challenges as lacking agency and requiring representation. Through an understanding of Subalternity, this paper aims to decenter and deconstruct dominant colonial, patriarchal narratives in mental health nursing, and ultimately calls for mental health nursing to fundamentally reconsider prevailing assumptions of patients as needing representation and lacking agency.
Enteric neuroprotection—A matter of balancing redox potentials, limiting inflammation, and boosting resilience
Authors: Voss Ulrikke 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe enteric nervous system (ENS) orchestrates intricate and autonomous functions throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Disruptions in ENS function are associated GI disorders. This mini review focuses on the past decade's research, utilizing rodent models, with an emphasis on protecting enteric neurons from loss. The review specifically looks at efforts to reduce oxidative stress, limit inflammation, and enhance neuronal resilience. Protective interventions including administration of antioxidants and compounds targeting cellular redox buffer systems, are evaluated for their effectiveness in preventing loss of enteric neurons in the ischemia–reperfusion model and streptozotocin‐induced diabetes model. Interventions such as engrafting mesenchymal stem cells and targeting inflammatory signaling pathways in enteric neurons and glial cells are evaluated in inflammatory bowel disease models including the Winnie mouse, DSS‐, and DNBS/TNBS‐induced colitis models. The review also touches upon neuronal resilience, particularly in the context of Parkinson's disease models. Including estrogen's neuroprotective role, and the influence of metal ions on enteric neuronal protection. Understanding the dynamic interplay within the ENS and its role in disease pathogenesis holds promise for developing targeted therapies to effectively manage and treat various GI ailments.
Comparative transcriptome profiling to untie the drought tolerance molecular mechanism of backcross rice (Oryza sativa L.) inbred
Authors: Baghyalakshmi Kari , Ramchander Selvaraj , Jagadeeshselvam Nallathambi , Raveendran Muthurajan , Jeyaprakash Paramasiwam 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRice production is severely hampered by drought stress, which causes enormous economic losses. The issue of global climate change is gaining importance, and hence development of rice genotypes tolerant to drought stress is becoming more critical. To address this issue, backcross inbred lines (BILs) developed were subjected to drought stress, and their molecular mechanism was studied. The drought‐tolerant parent Apo and drought‐susceptible, high‐yielding IR64 along with two BILs, namely, CB 229 (qDTY2.2 + qDTY3.1 + qDTY8.1) and CB 193‐3 (qDTY3.1 + qDTY8.1) were tested in a greenhouse for their response to drought. In this study, CB 229 showed better performance under water stress irrigated conditions; it was on par with IR64. Drought‐responsive transcriptome profiling was carried out in both the parents and the superior BIL CB 229 through the RNA‐Seq approach. About 3050 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (2021 upregulated and 1029 downregulated) were detected in tolerant BIL CB 229 in drought stress. Most of the DEGs were involved in carbohydrate metabolism and the formation of cell walls, as well as genes associated with metabolite adaptability, ROS homeostasis and post‐transcriptional regulation. Genes such as chaperone protein, senescence‐induced receptor‐like serine, mannose‐6‐phosphate isomerase, aquaporin and heat shock proteins (LOC_Os02g26840, LOC_Os02g25720, LOC_Os07g35570, LOC_Os01g64970, etc.) were upregulated in the tolerant Apo and CB 229. It was observed that the BIL CB 229 yielded higher grains than both parents under moisture stress. Ninety‐four genes in the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) region were found to be differentially regulated in CB 229, Apo and IR64. Out of 94, nine genes co‐localized within the QTL qDTY2.2, 12 genes within qDTY3.1 and four genes within qDTY8.1 were differentially upregulated in CB 229 and downregulated in the susceptible genotype. The study revealed that the QTLs qDTY2.2, qDTY3.1 and qDTY8.1 are found to have complementary effects and offer enhanced levels of tolerance against drought due to complementation. Additionally, this analysis discovered new DEGs that may be involved in functions related to drought tolerance but lack function annotations. Future research can focus on a few of the significant DEGs found in this study. Taken together, our findings provide insight into drought tolerance mechanisms and could assist the development of novel strategies for improving drought tolerance in rice.
Adverse childhood experiences exacerbate peripheral symptoms of autism spectrum disorder in adults
Authors: Okumura Kazuki , Takeda Tsutomu , Komori Takashi , Toritsuka Michihiro , Yamamuro Kazuhiko , Takada Ryohei , Ikehara Minobu , Kamikawa Kohei , Noriyama Yuki , Nishi Yuki , Ishida Rio , Kayashima Yoshinori , Yamauchi Takahira , Iwata Nakao , Makinodan Manabu 
Published: July 2024

AimAdverse childhood experiences are potentially traumatic events with long‐lasting effects on the health and well‐being of patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It is important to clarify which types of long‐lasting autism‐related symptoms are influenced by childhood experiences to design future intervention studies. However, few studies have examined the association between childhood experiences and autistic symptoms in large samples of adults with ASD and individuals with typical development (TD). In this study, we evaluate the effects of adverse childhood experiences on multiple ASD phenotypes among both individuals with ASD and those with TD.MethodWe combined questionnaire evaluations; Childhood Abuse and Trauma Scale, the Japanese version of the Autism‐Spectrum Quotient, Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scale, the Japanese version of the Impact of Event Scale‐Revised, and the Japanese version of the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile.ResultsIndividuals with ASD and those with TD (n = 205 and 104, respectively) were included. There were significant correlations between the extent of adverse childhood experiences and severity of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, and hypersensitivity in both participants with ASD and those with TD. By contrast, ASD core symptoms showed no significant correlation with adverse childhood experiences in either group. These results remained consistent after adjusting for age, sex, and the estimated intelligence quotient.ConclusionThese findings suggest the need for a detailed disentanglement of ASD‐related core and peripheral symptoms of adverse childhood experiences, which may help to appropriately set outcomes for future early interventions for the childhood experiences of individuals with ASD.
Prevalence and risk factors of osteopenia and osteoporosis among postmenopausal women: A cross‐sectional study from Jordan
Authors: Khurmah Manar H. Abu , Alkhatatbeh Mohammad J. , Alshogran Osama Y. , Alarda Hamza M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesOur aim was to predict the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis and their associated risk factors among postmenopausal women from Jordan.MethodologyIn this cross‐sectional study, a total of 368 postmenopausal women were recruited from King Abdullah University Hospital (KAUH) in the North of Jordan between September 2022 and April 2023. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using a dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry scan. T‐score was used for osteoporosis diagnosis in accordance with the International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) guidelines. Data about sociodemographic and lifestyle variables were collected using face‐to‐face interviews. Medical records were used to retrieve participants’ BMD information. Predictors of osteoporosis were identified using logistic regression.ResultsPrevalence of osteoporosis was 40.5%, while 44.6% of participants were diagnosed with osteopenia. The lumbar spine had the highest frequency of osteoporosis (30.4%), while the left femoral neck had the highest prevalence of osteopenia (46.3%). Postmenopausal women's age (p‐value = .024), and history of chronic diseases (p‐value = .038) were significant factors associated with increased osteoporosis risk.ConclusionsPostmenopausal women from Jordan had high prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia. It is therefore necessary to target risk factors leading to osteoporosis and to improve patients' lifestyles through patient education. Healthcare systems should consider early screening approaches for osteoporosis at the age of menopause and thereafter. Supplements of calcium and vitamin D may be routinely considered for this age group depending on their serum levels.
Intracorporeal evaluation of hyaluronic acid fillers with varied rheological properties and correlations with aesthetic outcomes
Authors: Nikolis Andreas , Enright Kaitlyn M. , Cotofana Sebastian , Nguyen Quynh , Raco Laura , Weiner Steven 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the differences in soft tissue filler rheology and how these properties can impact clinical results is a fundamental concepts for any injector. This study aimed to assess the tissue integration characteristics of hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers manufactured with different technologies (Non‐Animal Stabilized HA [HA‐N] or Optimal Balance Technology [HA‐O]) using ultra‐high‐frequency ultrasound.MethodsTwelve female participants with mild‐to‐moderate midface volume loss and temporal hollowing were enrolled and treated with HA‐N and/or HA‐O. Participants were seen at five visits (screening/baseline [treatment], and Weeks 1 [optional touch‐up], 4, 6, and 8 [follow‐up visits]). Ultrasound was used to evaluate the degree of product integration.ResultsOn ultrasound, HA‐N presented with distinct borders, minimal tissue integration, and a capacity to displace tissues. Conversely, HA‐O tended to spread horizontally within the same tissue plane and integrated within tissues. The volumizing capacity of the HA‐O fillers was dependent on particle size.ConclusionHA‐N is suited for deep injections in areas such as the upper lateral cheek and under the muscle of the temporal region when a lifting effect is desired; HA‐O is best suited for subcutaneous injections, in areas of dynamic movement or for patients with thin skin; and can be injected subcutaneously or supraperiosteally when a volumizing effect is desired.
Evaluation of the implementation, frequency of use, type, and impact of veterinary emergency service pause systems
Authors: Linklater Andrew 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of veterinary emergency service pause systems (VESPSs) and describe aspects of implementation and perceived impact.DesignElectronic questionnaireSettingMembership of the Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Society (VECCS).AnimalsNone.InterventionsNone.Measurement and Main ResultsA questionnaire was distributed to 6176 VECCS members with 1168 responses. Seventy‐six percent of the respondents were veterinarians. Ninety‐one percent of respondents practice in the United States, with 74% of them working at 24/7 multispecialty practices. Eighty‐seven percent of respondents indicated patient volume had increased, and 75% reported that a VESPS had been implemented between September 2020 and December 2021. Sixty‐two percent reported that their emergency service had been paused or closed once per week or more. The top reasons for implementing a VESPS included excessive caseload and staffing shortages. A variety of methods were utilized to implement a pause. Sixty‐nine percent reported their VESPS was less than ideal for effectiveness. Pause systems were reported to be highly supported by medical staff. Seventy‐seven percent reported increased client frustration and complaints, and 57% reported staff were stressed from denying care. Of those who do not currently have a VESPS in place, 74% would prefer to have one.ConclusionsVESPSs were in widespread use at the time of this survey, and most have been implemented between September 2020 and December 2021. The majority of VESPSs were employed to mitigate increased caseload and staffing shortages. Although VESPSs are largely supported by medical staff, drawbacks may include staff stress and client frustrations, and improvements are warranted.
Presumed myxosarcoma in the eyelid of a cat: Case report
Authors: Araújo Rosélia L. S. , Carvalho Aline S. S. , Moreira Matheus V. L. , Galera Paula D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the clinical and pathological characteristics of a neoformation suggestive of myxosarcoma in a cat's eyelid.Animal StudiedAn 11‐year‐old mixed‐breed castrated female cat presented with a nodule on the lower eyelid approximately 1.6 cm in diameter, multilobulated, non‐ulcerated, soft, and adhered to both the skin and conjunctiva of the lower eyelid.ProceduresThe incisional biopsy revealed findings suggestive of a peripheral nerve sheath tumor. After performing an exenteration of the right eyeball to ensure a safe surgical margin, the tissue samples were sent for histopathological analysis and later for immunohistochemistry.ResultsMicroscopic evaluation classified the mass as a grade‐I mesenchymal neoplasm, suggesting myxosarcoma and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor as differential diagnoses. An immunohistochemical examination was carried out to differentiate the neoplasm. Once tumors of neural origin were excluded, the diagnosis of myxosarcoma was indicated as the most likely.ConclusionWe report a presumed case of eyelid myxosarcoma in a cat, highlighting its relevance in the differential diagnosis in the evaluation of eyelid and conjunctival neoplasms in cats.