bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
eHSP70/iHSP70 and divergent functions on the challenge: effect of exercise and tissue specificity in response to stress
Authors: Bittencourt Aline , Porto Rossana Rosa 
Published: July 2015

SummaryHeat‐shock proteins including HSP70 are stress‐related proteins that have been reported in cell protection and survival. In contrast to this, the increase in circulating levels of HSP70 (eHSP70) is associated with cellular damage and inflammatory factors. Physical stress, like exercise, is effective to induce both iHSP70 and eHSP70 in several tissues and cell types, which have different behaviours in response to stress. The different functions of HSP70 before the challenge are dependent of intracellular localization and subsequent molecular chaperone action, but when present in the extracellular space, it activates pro‐inflammatory pathways. The different forms in which tissues and cells respond to stress like physical exercise, as well as the optimal intensity of the stress, are determinants for the beneficial effects or as an indicator of dangerous conditions, summoning immune cells as a warning sign to the body.
Combined effect of coffee ingestion and repeated bouts of low‐intensity exercise on fat oxidation
Authors: Kurobe Kazumichi , Nakao Saori , Nishiwaki Masato , Matsumoto Naoyuki 
Published: July 2015

SummaryWe investigated the effect of the combination of coffee ingestion and repeated bouts of low‐intensity exercise on fat oxidation. Subjects were seven young, healthy male adults. They performed four trials: a single 30‐min bout of exercise following ingestion of plain hot water (WS) or coffee (CS); a trial with three 10‐min bouts of exercise separated by 10‐min periods of rest following ingestion of plain hot water (WR) or coffee (CR). The coffee contained 5 mg kg−1 of caffeine. All trials were performed on a cycle ergometer at 40% maximal oxygen uptake for each subject an hour after beverage ingestion. Oxygen uptake in the CS and CR trials was higher compared with the WS and WR trials at 90 min after exercise (P<0·05). Respiratory exchange ratio (RER) in the CS and CR trials was decreased during the whole recovery period compared with baseline (P<0·05), whereas no significant decreases were observed in either the WS or WR trials. Moreover, RER was significantly lower at 30 min after exercise in the CR trial than in either the WS or WR trials (P<0·05 each). Similarly, it is notable that fat oxidation rate in the CR trial was significantly higher at 30 min after exercise compared to that in the WS and WR trials (P<0·05). These results suggest that the combination of coffee intake and repeated bouts of low‐intensity exercise enhances fat oxidation in the period after exercise.
Late‐onset Epstein–Barr virus‐related disease in acute leukemia patients after haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is associated with impaired early recovery of T and B lymphocytes
Authors: Liu Jiangying , Yan Chenhua , Zhang Chunli , Xu Lanping , Liu Yanrong , Huang Xiaojun 
Published: July 2015

AbstractEpstein–Barr virus‐related disease (EBVD) is a serious clinical complication in patients who have undergone haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haploHSCT). Some recipients develop EBVD relatively late after haploHSCT, and most of these patients suffer a poor outcome. This retrospective cohort study characterized the early adaptive immune recovery of patients with acute leukemia presenting with EBVD more than 100 d after haploHSCT. Patients with acute leukemia who received haploHSCT and developed EBVD 100 d later (n = 8) were compared with a matched control group without EBVD (n = 24) with regard to peripheral WBC, lymphocytes, and neutrophils (at 30, 60, and 90 d) and recoveries of B and T lymphocytes (at 30 and 90 d, via immunophenotyping/flow cytometry). Ninety days after haploHSCT, the median values of WBCs and lymphocytes, and the recoveries of CD19+ B cells and CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+CD45RO+ T cells, were significantly lower in patients who developed EBVD, relative to the control group. These results suggest a significant association between deficient early recovery of B and T lymphocytes and the development of late‐onset EBVD after haploHSCT. Our observation could facilitate clinical intervention and the improvement of overall survival of patients undergoing haploHSCT.
Identification of β integrin‐like‐ and fibronectin‐like proteins in the bivalve mollusk Mytilus trossulus
Authors: Dyachuk Vyacheslav A. , Maiorova Maria A. , Odintsova Nelly A. 
Published: July 2015

Integrins play a key role in the intermediation and coordination between cells and extracellular matrix components. In this study, we first determined the presence of the β integrin‐like protein and its presumptive ligand, fibronectin‐like protein, during development and in some adult tissues of the bivalve mollusc Mytilus trossulus. We found that β integrin‐like protein expression correlated with the development and differentiation of the digestive system in larvae. Besides the presence of β integrin‐like protein in the digestive epithelial larval cells, this protein was detected in the hemocytes and some adult tissues of M. trossulus. The fibronectin‐like protein was detected firstly at the blastula stage and later, the FN‐LP‐immunoreactive cells were scattered in the trochophore larvae. The fibronectin‐like protein was not expressed in the β integrin‐positive cells of either the veliger stage larvae or the adult mussel tissues and the primary hemocyte cell culture. Despite the β integrin‐ and fibronectin‐like proteins being expressed in different cell types of mussel larvae, we do not exclude the possibility of direct interaction between these two proteins during M. trossulus development or in adult tissues.
Surprises in the 3′‐end: ‘U’ can decide too!
Authors: Viegas Sandra C. , Silva Inês J. , Apura Patricia , Matos Rute G. , Arraiano Cecilia M. 
Published: July 2015

RNA molecules are subjected to post‐transcriptional modifications that might determine their maturation, activity, localization and stability. These alterations can occur within the RNA molecule or at its 5′‐ or 3′‐ extremities, and are essential for gene regulation and proper function of the RNA. One major type of modification is the 3′‐end addition of nontemplated nucleotides. Polyadenylation is the most well studied type of 3′‐RNA modification, both in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. The importance of 3′‐oligouridylation has recently gained attention through the discovery of several types of uridylated‐RNAs, by the existence of enzymes that specifically add poly(U) tails and others that preferentially degrade these tails. Namely, Dis3L2 is a 3′–5′ exoribonuclease from the RNase II/RNB family that has been shown to act preferentially on oligo(U)‐tailed transcripts. Our understanding of this process is still at the beginning, but it is already known to interfere in the regulation of diverse RNA species in most eukaryotes. Now that we are aware of the prevalence of RNA uridylation and the techniques available to globally evaluate the 3′‐terminome, we can expect to make rapid progress in determining the extent of terminal oligouridylation in different RNA populations and unravel its impact on RNA decay mechanisms. Here, we sum up what is known about 3′‐RNA modification in the different cellular compartments of eukaryotic cells, the conserved enzymes that perform this 3′‐end modification and the effectors that are selectively activated by this process.
Sustainable consumption in Vietnam: an explorative study among the urban middle class
Authors: de Koning Jotte Ilbine Jozine Charlotte , Crul Marcel Rudolphus Maria , Wever Renee , Brezet Johannes Cornelis 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe middle class of Vietnam is growing and so is their consumption, especially in urban areas. This is due to the effects of rapid economic growth, industrialization and increasing wealth in combination with a young, growing population. This paper aims to understand current consumption patterns and consumption categories that can provide a start for sustainable lifestyles among the Vietnamese middle class.Data was collected in the capital Hanoi, in the north of Vietnam. The current level of awareness, knowledge and attitude was explored on five specific consumption topics: energy, transport, water, waste, and food. A combination of quantitative and qualitative data was collected: 5 focus groups, 5 in‐depth interviews and a survey among 158 Vietnamese urban middle class consumers. The results are discussed according to the MOA model that explains behaviour as a function of three components: Motivation, Opportunity and Ability.The research concludes that awareness and knowledge of the urban middle class in Vietnam on sustainable consumption is generally low. However, the motivation to live healthy lifestyles and protect the planet for their future generations is rather high. In order to support more sustainable lifestyles, the awareness of environmental issues needs to be increased; knowledge needs to be made available and accessible (ability); and role models need to set an example for the urban middle class of Vietnam.Furthermore, health in combination with food is the most important reason for people to pursue a sustainable lifestyle (motivation) and the need to change was expressed. However, a general distrust towards business and governmental actors was also found. Therefore, opportunities for bottom‐up initiatives for sustainable food consumption must be explored in the future. This could support in engaging the middle class of Vietnam in sustainable lifestyles.
Longevity insurance annuities: China adopts a benefit innovation from the past
Authors: Chen Tianhong , Turner John A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractLongevity insurance annuities are deferred annuities that begin payment at advanced older ages, such as at age 80. Such annuities would benefit some older retirees who have drawn down their savings, but the private sector has problems in providing them. Originally, social insurance old‐age benefits programmes in some countries were structured as longevity insurance programmes, with 50 per cent or less of those entering the workforce surviving to receive the benefits. Over time, however, as life expectancy has improved, the benefits these programmes provide have slowly transformed into benefits that most people entering the workforce ultimately receive. This article argues that the reintroduction of longevity insurance benefits as part of social insurance old‐age benefit programmes could be an important policy innovation, in particular because this benefit is generally not provided by the private sector. China has introduced longevity insurance benefits as part of its social insurance system, offering a model for other countries, particularly those providing modest social insurance old‐age benefits.
Little cash to large households: Cash transfers and children's care in disadvantaged families inGhana
Authors: Roelen Keetie , Chettri Helen Karki , Delap Emily 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSocial protection is widely considered to have a positive effect on children, including supporting improvements in nutritional, educational and health outcomes. Much less is known, however, about the impact of interventions on children's care. This article considers the impact of a social cash transfer targeted at poor households –Ghana's Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (LEAP) programme – on child well‐being, quality of care and preventing children's separation from their parents as perceived by programme and non‐programme beneficiaries in a context of vulnerability, large households and widespread informal kinship care. Findings suggest that cash transfers can improve both material and non‐material aspects of well‐being and contribute to the quality of care and have the potential to prevent children's separation from their parents. At the same time, not all children appear to benefit equally, with non‐biological children being disadvantaged. The combination of large household sizes with programme design and implementation challenges, including low transfer amounts, a cap on the maximum number of eligible household members and poor sensitization and follow‐up, undermine the positive role that cash transfers can play.
Convergence or divergence? How the financial crisis affected European pensioners
Authors: Grech Aaron G. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe Member States of the European Union entered the financial crisis with very different pension systems. Although the use of standard adequacy measures suggest small impacts from the crisis, alternative measures based on pension wealth estimates indicate stronger effects. While the largest continental systems were left relatively unscathed by the crisis, Mediterranean systems were cut back significantly. This should lead to considerable convergence in system generosity across countries. Despite the cuts, state pensions in the stressed economies should still be generous enough to keep the majority of pensioners out of relative poverty, but this depends on a relatively quick turnaround in labour market performance in these countries.
Factors facilitating or hampering nurses identification of stroke in emergency calls
Authors: Berglund Annika , Heikkilä Kristiina , Bohm Katarina , Schenck‐Gustafsson Karin , von Euler Mia 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimsTo explore the factors that facilitate or hamper identification of stroke in emergency calls concerning patients with stroke who have fallen or been in a lying position.BackgroundEarly identification of stroke in emergency calls is vital but can be complicated as the patients may be unable to express themselves and the callers generally are bystanders. In a previous study, we found presentation of fall or the patient being in a lying position to be the major problem in 66% of emergency calls concerning, but not dispatched as acute stroke.DesignA qualitative study using interpretive phenomenology.MethodsAnalysis of transcribed emergency calls concerning 29 patients with stroke diagnoses at hospital discharge, in 2011 and presented with fall/lying position.FindingsPatients' ability to express themselves, callers' knowledge of the patient and of stroke, first call‐takers' and nurses' authority, nurses' coaching and nurses' expertise skills facilitated or hindered the identification of stroke. Certain aspects are adjustable, but some are determined by the situation or on callers' and patients' abilities and thus difficult to change. Nurses' expertise skills were the only theme found to have a decisive effect of the identification of stroke on its own.ConclusionTo increase identification of stroke in emergency calls concerning stroke, the first call‐takers' and nurses' action, competence and awareness of obstacles are crucial and if strengthened would likely increase the identification of stroke in emergency calls. In complicated cases, nurses' expertise skills seem essential for identification of stroke.
Seafarers or castaways: ecological traits associated with rafting dispersal in tropical reef fishes
Authors: Luiz Osmar J. , Allen Andrew P. , Robertson D. Ross , Floeter Sergio R. , Madin Joshua S. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimRafting with natural flotsam is an important mechanism of long‐distance oceanic dispersal for many near‐shore marine organisms. Identifying the species‐level traits associated with this behaviour would aid in understanding and predicting a species' capacity for dispersal between isolated areas of benthic habitat.LocationThe tropical and subtropical Atlantic.MethodsWe assessed the relationships between species‐level traits (habitat use, position in water column, diet, body size, schooling activity) and rafting behaviour among 985 species of reef fish using generalized linear mixed‐effect modelling. To assess whether the relationships between rafting behaviour and species traits were mediated by raft type, our analysis included interactions between raft type and our predictor variables.ResultsThe following species‐level traits are positively associated with rafting for reef fishes: (1) position in water column above reef substratum, which indicates a species' dependency on the substratum; (2) schooling behaviour, a trait linked to predation avoidance; (3) large adult size, which may be associated with enhanced survivorship and growth of rafting juveniles; and (4) broad habitat use, which may facilitate use of atypical habitats, including flotsam. Some correlations varied depending on the type of flotsam – broad habitat use is only positively correlated with the use of seaweed rafts, which may resemble patches of benthic macroalgal and seagrass beds that the reef fishes often use as ancillary habitat. In contrast, schooling behaviour is only positively correlated with rafting among logs and similar objects, perhaps because they represent poor refuges from predation.Main conclusionsA species' propensity to use rafts is associated with specific ecological traits, some of which are contingent on characteristics of the raft. Thus, our findings suggest that increasing amounts of man‐made flotsam entering the ocean may differentially influence future rafting opportunities among tropical reef fishes, depending on their traits, which may have important implications for their biogeographical distributions.
Novel Technique to Prevent Phrenic Nerve Injury During Pulmonary Vein Isolation Using Preprocedural Imaging
Authors: ROKA ATTILA , HEIST E. KEVIN , REFAAT MARWAN , RUSKIN JEREMY , MANSOUR MOUSSA 
Published: July 2015

Prevention of Phrenic Injury Using ImagingIntroductionPhrenic nerve (PN) injury is one of the major complications of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). Pace mapping for PN capture is routinely used to identify areas with high risk for injury along the anterior border of the right pulmonary veins (PVs). Our aim was to evaluate the feasibility of using preprocedural imaging to identify areas where no PN capture is possible along the anterior border of the right PVs, thus avoiding the need for pace mapping during PVI.Methods and ResultsIt was hypothesized that PN capture along the anterior border of the right PVs does not occur in the area where the right and left atria overlap. Three‐dimensional segmentation of both atria was performed on preprocedural magnetic resonance and computed tomography angiograms in 40 patients before undergoing PVI. The area of overlap between the right and left atria was delineated. Image registration was performed during the procedure. Using pacing, regions with and without PN capture were marked along the anterior border of the right PVs. A total of 361 points were tested for PN stimulation (9 ± 4 points/patient). PN capture occurred in 97 out of the 189 points (51%) in the area with no overlap between the right and left atria. No PN capture occurred in the area of overlap (172 points, P< 0.001).ConclusionDelineation of the area of overlap between the right and left atria derived from preprocedural imaging reliably identifies regions where PN pace capture does not occur. Testing for PN stimulation before ablation may not be necessary in these regions.
Fragments of Tenebrio molitor cadherin enhance Cry3Aa toxicity for the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)
Authors: Moustafa M. A. M. , Vlasák J. , Sehnal F. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBacillus thuringiensis crystalline (Cry) proteins are highly toxic to a wide range of insect pests, but some species resist their action. This is true for many economically important beetles, including stored product pests, such as Tribolium castaneum. In this article, we show that the susceptibility of T. castaneum larvae to natural as well as to a recombinant Cry3Aa‐type toxin, applied in the diet, is enhanced by supplementing the diet with recombinant fragments of Tenebrio molitor cadherin; Cry toxin‐binding sites occur in several cadherin repeats (CR). In our study, we used the toxin‐binding region CRtb, which represents a substantial part of the repeat CR12‐MPED (membrane‐proximal extracellular domain). CRtb and CR12‐MPED consistently increased Cry3Aa toxicity. This synergistic effect occured at diverse mass ratios between the toxin and the cadherin fragments, suggesting that optimal ratios can be found. In our 6‐week‐long assay with T. castaneum, we achieved mortality of up to 96.6% with toxin concentration 30 μg/g. Cadherin fragments CR11 and CR9‐11 elicited small and diverse effects that require further analysis.
Separation of Sulfoether Compounds in Garlic Oil by Integrated Membrane Technologies
Authors: Xiao Huan , Zhong Zhaoxiang , Low Ze‐Xian , Huang Yao , Sun Yun , Yao Zhong 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis study investigated an integrated process to separate sulfoether compounds from garlic oil. The garlic oil was pretreated by vapor distillation and the oil–water mixture was treated with the combination of ceramic membrane microfiltration (MF) and poly(dimethylsiloxane)/poly(vinylidene fluoride) composite membrane pervaporation (PV). The optimum operating conditions with respect to sulfoether compounds' recovery were determined to be 1.8% feed concentration, 30C and 0.10 MPa for ceramic membrane MF; and 40C, 5 h, 0.24 MPa and 0.32 L/min for PV. It was found that the emulsified oil was effectively separated by ceramic MF membranes, and the rejection rates of diallyl sulfide (DAS), diallyl disulfide (DADS) and diallyl trisulfide (DATS) were 91.11, 99.8 and 100%, respectively. In the subsequent process, PV membrane was used to recover the dissolved oil. PV membrane had a good enrichment effect on DAS and DADS in the penetrant permeate fluid, with separation factors of 6.31 and 5.45, respectively. Compared with oil–water mixture by vapor distillation, the yield of garlic oil is 99.6%. This study showed that MF and PV processes were attractive technologies for the recovery of garlic sulfoether compounds as they yield good separation and operate under mild conditions.Practical ApplicationsResearchers have reported that active components of garlic have beneficial effect on human's health; in particular, the sulfoether compounds of garlic oil. However, the development of process technology and high value‐added products of garlic is lacking. The present study provides an integrated process to separate sulfoether compounds from garlic oil. The results indicated that microfiltration and pervaporation processes were effective technologies for the recovery of garlic sulfoether compounds. These processes should be taken as good examples for extraction of plant essential oil and the treatment of oily wastewater generated by the industry to achieve oil–water separation.