bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secondary instability of the stably stratified Ekman layer
Authors: Mkhinini Nadia , Dubos Thomas , Drobinski Philippe 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe Ekman flow, an exact solution of the Boussinesq equations with rotation, is a prototype flow for both atmospheric and oceanic boundary layers. The effect of stratification on the finite-amplitude longitudinal rolls developing in the Ekman flow and their three-dimensional stability is studied by means of linearized and nonlinear numerical simulations. Similarities and differences with respect to billows developing in the Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) unidirectional stratified shear flow are discussed. Prandtl number effects are investigated as well as the role played by the buoyant-convective instability. For low Prandtl number, the amplitude of the saturated rolls vanishes at the critical bulk Richardson number, while at high Prandtl number, finite-amplitude rolls are found. The Prandtl number also affects how the growth rate of the secondary instability evolves as the Richardson number is increased. For low Prandtl number, the growth rate decreases as the Richardson number increases while it remains significant for large Prandtl number over the range of stratification studied. This behaviour is likely a result of the differing amplitudes of the roll vortices. Furthermore, the most unstable wave vector is much lower than for the secondary instability of KH billows. Examination of the energetics of the secondary instability shows that buoyant-convective instability is present locally at high Reynolds and Prandtl numbers but plays an overall minor role despite the presence in the base flow of statically unstable regions characterized by a high Richardson number.
Landscape and patch attributes impacting medium- and large-sized terrestrial mammals in a fragmented rain forest
Authors: Garmendia Adriana , Arroyo-Rodríguez Víctor , Estrada Alejandro , Naranjo Eduardo J. , Stoner Kathryn E. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract:Understanding the response of biodiversity to land-use changes is an important challenge for ecologists. We assessed the effects of five landscape metrics (forest cover, number of patches, edge density, mean inter-patch isolation distance and matrix quality) and three patch metrics (patch size, shape and isolation) on the number of species and patch occupancy of medium- and large-sized terrestrial mammals in the fragmented Lacandona rain forest, Mexico. We sampled mammal assemblages in 24 forest patches and four control areas within a continuous forest. The landscape metrics were measured within a 100-ha buffer, and within a 500-ha buffer from the centre of each sampling site. A total of 21 species from 13 families was recorded. The number of species increased with shape complexity and patch size at the patch scale, and with matrix quality within 100-ha landscapes. When considering 500-ha landscapes, only the number of patches (i.e. forest fragmentation level) tended to have a negative influence at the community level. Different landscape and patch metrics predicted the occurrence of each species within the sites. Our results indicate that there is a gradient of tolerance to forest cover change, from highly sensitive species to those tolerant of, or even benefited by, forest-cover change.
Norepinephrine transporter occupancy in the human brain after oral administration of quetiapine XR
Authors: Nyberg Svante , Jucaite Aurelija , Takano Akihiro , Kågedal Matts , Cselényi Zsolt , Halldin Christer , Farde Lars 
Published: July 2013

AbstractQuetiapine, originally developed as an antipsychotic, demonstrates efficacy in clinical studies of schizophrenia, bipolar mania and depression, major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. This broad spectrum of efficacy was not predicted from the preclinical pharmacology of quetiapine. Binding studies in vitro show that quetiapine and its major active human metabolite, norquetiapine, have moderate to high affinity for dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT2A receptors, while norquetiapine alone has high affinity for the norepinephrine transporter (NET). This positron emission tomography (PET) study measured NET occupancy in human subjects treated with extended-release quetiapine (quetiapine XR) at doses relevant in the treatment of depression. PET measurements using the specific NET radioligand (S,S)-[18F]FMeNER-D2 were performed before and after quetiapine XR treatment at 150 and 300 mg/d for 6–8 d in nine healthy males (aged 21–33 yr). Regions of interest were defined for the thalamus, using the caudate as reference region. NET occupancy was calculated using a target:reference region ratio method. Plasma concentrations of quetiapine and norquetiapine were monitored during PET measurements. Following quetiapine XR treatment, the mean NET occupancy in the thalamus was 19 and 35%, respectively, at quetiapine XR doses of 150 and 300 mg/d. The estimated plasma concentration of norquetiapine corresponding to 50% NET occupancy was 161 ng/ml. This is the first demonstration of NET occupancy by an antipsychotic in the human brain. NET inhibition is accepted as a mechanism of antidepressant activity. NET occupancy may therefore contribute to the broad spectrum of efficacy of quetiapine.
LP+, K3+, FDE+, AND THEIR ‘CLASSICAL COLLAPSE’
Authors: BEALL JC 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis paper is a sequel to Beall (2011), in which I both give and discuss the philosophical import of a ‘classical collapse’ result for the propositional (multiple-conclusion) logic LP+. Feedback on such ideas prompted a spelling out of the first-order case. My aim in this paper is to do just that: namely, explicitly record the first-order result(s), including the collapse results for K3+and FDE+.
Coordinating concurrent legal orders in the prosecution of international crimes
Authors: BONAFÉ BEATRICE I. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractInternational criminal law provides a particularly interesting case study for the proliferation of legal orders as it helps to understand the types of uncertainties their interaction may entail with respect to the position of the individual as well as the solutions that may be adopted in that respect. This article analyses a selected number of substantive and procedural uncertainties that originate in the relationship between international criminal law and domestic legal orders. The purpose of the discussion is to identify the particular legal devices that have been elaborated in order to ensure the coordination between these legal orders, and to suggest areas in which a better coordination is still to be achieved.
Optical properties of AlAsxSb1−x alloys determined by in situ ellipsometry
Authors: Kim J. Y. , Yoon J. J. , Kim T. J. , Kim Y. D. , Lee E. H. , Bae M. H. , Song J. D. , Choi W. J. , Liang C.-T. , Chang Y.-C. 
Published: July 2013

We report pseudodielectric function data ⟨ε⟩ = ⟨ε1⟩ + i⟨ε2⟩ from 0.74 to 6.48 eV of oxide-free AlAsSb alloys that are the closest representation to date of the intrinsic bulk dielectric response ε of the material. Measurements were performed on 1.3 μm thick films grown on (001) GaAs substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. Data were obtained with the films in situ to avoid oxidation artifacts. Critical-point structures were identified by band-structure calculations done with the linear augmented Slater-type orbital method. Crossings of transitions at the Γ- and X-points and the Γ- and L-points with composition were observed.
Axon position within the corpus callosum determines contralateral cortical projection
Authors: Zhou Jing , Wen Yunqing , She Liang , Sui Ya-nan , Liu Lu , Richards Linda J. , Poo Mu-ming 
Published: June 2013

Significance
Two hemispheres of the neocortex are connected via a large axon bundle, the corpus callosum (CC). Axons from one side of the cortex project primarily to the equivalent cortical area on the contralateral side. How this homotopic axon projection is achieved during development remains unclear. Quantitative analysis of the cortical axons' positions within CC and their projection pattern after crossing the midline showed that axon position within CC is critical for homotopic projection. Further genetic perturbations of semaphorin/neuropilin-1 signaling disrupted the axon order in CC, resulting in an ectopic contralateral axon projection that could not be corrected by developmental refinement.
Parametrizing the exoplanet eccentricity distribution with the Beta distribution
Authors: Kipping David M. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
It is suggested that the distribution of orbital eccentricities for extrasolar planets is well described by the Beta distribution. Several properties of the Beta distribution make it a powerful tool for this purpose. For example, the Beta distribution can reproduce a diverse range of probability density functions (PDFs) using just two shape parameters (a and b). We argue that this makes it ideal for serving as a parametric model in Bayesian comparative population analysis. The Beta distribution is also uniquely defined over the interval zero to unity, meaning that it can serve as a proper prior for eccentricity when analysing the observations of bound extrasolar planets. Using nested sampling, we find that the distribution of eccentricities for 396 exoplanets detected through radial velocity with high signal-to-noise is well described by a Beta distribution with parameters a = 0.867${^{+ 0.044}_{- 0.044}}$ and b = 3.03${^{+ 0.17}_{- 0.16}}$. The Beta distribution is shown to be 3.7 times more likely to represent the underlying distribution of exoplanet eccentricities than the next best model: a Rayleigh + exponential distribution. The same data are also used in an example population comparison utilizing the Beta distribution, where we find that the short- and long-period planets are described by distinct Beta distributions at a confidence of 11.6σ and display a signature consistent with the effects of tidal circularization.
Jeans instability criterion modified by external tidal field
Authors: Jog Chanda J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe well-known Jeans criterion describes the onset of instabilities in an infinite, homogeneous, self-gravitating medium supported by pressure. Most realistic astrophysical systems, however, are not isolated – instead they are under the influence of an external field such as the tidal field due to a neighbour. Here, we do a linear perturbation analysis for a system in an external field and obtain a generalized dispersion relation that depends on the wavenumber, the sound speed and also the magnitude of the tidal field. A typical, disruptive tidal field is shown to make the system more stable against perturbations, and results in a higher effective Jeans wavelength. The minimum mass that can become unstable is then higher (super-Jeans) than the usual Jeans mass. Conversely, in a compressive tidal field, perturbations can grow even when the mass is lower (sub-Jeans). This approach involving the inclusion of tidal field opens up a new way of looking at instabilities in gravitating systems. The treatment is general and the simple analytical form of the modified Jeans criterion obtained makes it easily accessible.
RpoS and oxidative stress conditions regulate succinyl‐CoA: 3‐ketoacid‐coenzyme A transferase (SCOT) expression in Burkholderia pseudomallei
Authors: Chutoam Palatip , Charoensawan Varodom , Wongtrakoongate Patompon , Kum‐arth Apiratana , Buphamalai Pisanu , Tungpradabkul Sumalee 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTBurkholderia pseudomallei, a pathogenic gram‐negative bacterium, causes the severe human disease melioidosis. This organism can survive in eukaryotic host cells by escaping reactive oxygen species via the regulation of stress responsive sigma factors, including RpoS. In B. pseudomallei, RpoS has been reported to play a role in the oxidative stress response through enhanced activity of OxyR and catalase. In this study, the RpoS dependent oxidative stress responsive system was further characterized using comparative proteomic analysis. The proteomic profiles of wild‐type B. pseudomallei following exposure to H2O2 and between wild‐type and the rpoS mutant strains were analyzed. Using stringent criteria, 13 oxidative responsive proteins, eight of which are regulated by RpoS, were identified with high confidence. It was observed that ScoA, a subunit of the SCOT enzyme not previously shown to be involved directly in the oxidative stress response, is significantly down‐regulated after hydrogen peroxide treatment. ScoA and ScoB have been predicted to be organized in a single operon using computational methods: in this study it was confirmed by RT‐PCR that these genes are indeed co‐transcribed as a single mRNA. The present study is the first to report a role for RpoS in the down‐regulation of SCOT expression in response to oxidative stress in B. pseudomallei.
Stocks‐to‐use ratios and prices as indicators of vulnerability to spikes in global cereal markets
Authors: Bobenrieth Eugenio , Wright Brian , Zeng Di 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe identify critical stocks‐to‐use ratios (SURs) for major grains and for an index of total calories from these grains. The latter appears to be a promising indicator of vulnerability to large price spikes when the current price shows no cause for concern. More generally, our results suggest that stocks data, though no doubt unreliable, can be valuable complements to price data as indicators of vulnerability to shortages and price spikes.
Prognostic impact of monocyte count at presentation in mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Aprile von Hohenstaufen Kathrin , Conconi Annarita , de Campos Cassio Polpo , Franceschetti Silvia , Bertoni Francesco , Margiotta Casaluci Gloria , Stathis Anastasios , Ghielmini Michele , Stussi Georg , Cavalli Franco , Gaidano Gianluca , Zucca Emanuele 
Published: June 2013

SummaryAn increased number of circulating monocytes at presentation has recently been associated with shorter survival in Hodgkin lymphoma, follicular lymphoma and diffuse large B cell lymphoma. This study aimed to assess the prognostic impact of the absolute monocyte count (AMC) at diagnosis in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). AMC at diagnosis was available in 97 MCL cases recorded in the databases of the Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland in Bellinzona (Switzerland) and the Division of Haematology of the Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont in Novara (Italy). With a median follow up of 7 years, the 5‐year overall survival was 29% for patients with AMC >0·50 × 109/l and 62% for patients with AMC ≤0·50 × 109/l (P = 0·008). Elevated AMC and beta‐2 microglobulin at diagnosis remained independent outcome predictors at multivariate analysis, controlling for the MCL International Prognostic Index (MIPI), and have been used to build a simple prognostic scoring system. In this relatively small and heterogeneous series an increased AMC identified poor‐risk patients. Our results suggest that AMC together with the beta‐2 microglobulin level might provide an inexpensive way to stratify MCL patient risk as a complement to the MIPI, which was confirmed to be a very powerful prognostic tool.
Effective estimation of correct platelet counts in pseudothrombocytopenia using an alternative anticoagulant based on magnesium salt
Authors: Schuff‐Werner Peter , Steiner Michael , Fenger Sebastian , Gross Hans‐Jürgen , Bierlich Alexa , Dreissiger Katrin , Mannuß Steffen , Siegert Gabriele , Bachem Maximilian , Kohlschein Peter 
Published: June 2013

SummaryPseudothrombocytopenia remains a challenge in the haematological laboratory. The pre‐analytical problem that platelets tend to easily aggregate in vitro, giving rise to lower platelet counts, has been known since ethylenediamine‐tetra acetic acid EDTA and automated platelet counting procedures were introduced in the haematological laboratory. Different approaches to avoid the time and temperature dependent in vitro aggregation of platelets in the presence of EDTA were tested, but none of them proved optimal for routine purposes. Patients with unexpectedly low platelet counts or flagged for suspected aggregates, were selected and smears were examined for platelet aggregates. In these cases patients were asked to consent to the drawing of an additional sample of blood anti‐coagulated with a magnesium additive. Magnesium was used in the beginning of the last century as anticoagulant for microscopic platelet counts. Using this approach, we documented 44 patients with pseudothrombocytopenia. In all cases, platelet counts were markedly higher in samples anti‐coagulated with the magnesium containing anticoagulant when compared to EDTA‐anticoagulated blood samples. We conclude that in patients with known or suspected pseudothrombocytopenia the magnesium‐anticoagulant blood samples may be recommended for platelet counting.
VisRuption: Intuitive and Efficient Visualization of Temporal Airline Disruption Data
Authors: Rosenthal P. , Pfeiffer L. , Müller N. H. , Ohler P. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe operation of an airline is a very complex task and disruptions to the planned operation can occur on very short notice. Already a small disruption like a delay of some minutes can cost the airline a tremendous amount of money. Hence, it is crucial to proactively control all operations of the airline and efficiently prioritize and handle disruptions. Due to the complex setting and the need for ad hoc decisions this task can only be carried out by human operation controllers. In the field of airline operations control there exists already a vast variety of different software in productive use. We analyze the different approaches from two of the market leaders and identify problematic design choices. We take into account this analysis and develop a set of rules for an intuitive visualization of airline disruption data. Finally, we introduce our tool for visualizing such data which complies to these rules. The visualization enables the user to gain a fast overview over the current problem situation and to intuitively prioritize different problems and problem hierarchies. The efficiency of the design is evaluated with the help of a user study which shows that the new system significantly outperforms the current state of the art.
A Visual Approach to Investigating Shared and Global Memory Behavior of CUDA Kernels
Authors: Rosen Paul 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe present an approach to investigate the memory behavior of a parallel kernel executing on thousands of threads simultaneously within the CUDA architecture. Our top‐down approach allows for quickly identifying any significant differences between the execution of the many blocks and warps. As interesting warps are identified, we allow further investigation of memory behavior by visualizing the shared memory bank conflicts and global memory coalescence, first with an overview of a single warp with many operations and, subsequently, with a detailed view of a single warp and a single operation. We demonstrate the strength of our approach in the context of a parallel matrix transpose kernel and a parallel 1D Haar Wavelet transform kernel.
Scale‐Stack Bar Charts
Authors: Hlawatsch M. , Sadlo F. , Burch M. , Weiskopf D. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIt is difficult to create appropriate bar charts for data that cover large value ranges. The usual approach for these cases employs a logarithmic scale, which, however, suffers from issues inherent to its non‐linear mapping: for example, a quantitative comparison of different values is difficult. We present a new approach for bar charts that combines the advantages of linear and logarithmic scales, while avoiding their drawbacks. Our scale‐stack bar charts use multiple scales to cover a large value range, while the linear mapping within each scale preserves the ability to visually compare quantitative ratios. Scale‐stack bar charts can be used for the same applications as classic bar charts; in particular, they can readily handle stacked bar representations and negative values. Our visualization technique is demonstrated with results for three different application areas and is assessed by an expert review and a quantitative user study confirming advantages of our technique for quantitative comparisons.
Visualizing Robustness of Critical Points for 2D Time‐Varying Vector Fields
Authors: Wang B. , Rosen P. , Skraba P. , Bhatia H. , Pascucci V. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAnalyzing critical points and their temporal evolutions plays a crucial role in understanding the behavior of vector fields. A key challenge is to quantify the stability of critical points: more stable points may represent more important phenomena or vice versa. The topological notion of robustness is a tool which allows us to quantify rigorously the stability of each critical point. Intuitively, the robustness of a critical point is the minimum amount of perturbation necessary to cancel it within a local neighborhood, measured under an appropriate metric. In this paper, we introduce a new analysis and visualization framework which enables interactive exploration of robustness of critical points for both stationary and time‐varying 2D vector fields. This framework allows the end‐users, for the first time, to investigate how the stability of a critical point evolves over time. We show that this depends heavily on the global properties of the vector field and that structural changes can correspond to interesting behavior. We demonstrate the practicality of our theories and techniques on several datasets involving combustion and oceanic eddy simulations and obtain some key insights regarding their stable and unstable features.
Spatially Efficient Design of Annotated Metro Maps
Authors: Wu Hsiang‐Yun , Takahashi Shigeo , Hirono Daichi , Arikawa Masatoshi , Lin Chun‐Cheng , Yen Hsu‐Chun 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAnnotating metro maps with thumbnail photographs is a commonly used technique for guiding travelers. However, conventional methods usually suffer from small labeling space around the metro stations especially when they are interchange stations served by two or more metro lines. This paper presents an approach for aesthetically designing schematic metro maps while ensuring effective placement of large annotation labels that are sufficiently close to their corresponding stations. Our idea is to distribute such labels in a well‐balanced manner to labeling regions around the metro network first and then adjust the lengths of metro line and leader line segments, which allows us to fully maximize the space coverage of the entire annotated map. This is accomplished by incorporating additional constraints into the conventional mixed‐integer programming formulation, while we devised a three‐step algorithm for accelerating the overall optimization process. We include several design examples to demonstrate the spatial efficiency of the map layout generated using the proposed approach through minimal user intervention.
Synthetic Brainbows
Authors: Wan Y. , Otsuna H. , Hansen C. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBrainbow is a genetic engineering technique that randomly colorizes cells. Biological samples processed with this technique and imaged with confocal microscopy have distinctive colors for individual cells. Complex cellular structures can then be easily visualized. However, the complexity of the Brainbow technique limits its applications. In practice, most confocal microscopy scans use different florescence staining with typically at most three distinct cellular structures. These structures are often packed and obscure each other in rendered images making analysis difficult. In this paper, we leverage a process known as GPU framebuffer feedback loops to synthesize Brainbow‐like images. In addition, we incorporate ID shuffling and Monte‐Carlo sampling into our technique, so that it can be applied to single‐channel confocal microscopy data. The synthesized Brainbow images are presented to domain experts with positive feedback. A user survey demonstrates that our synthetic Brainbow technique improves visualizations of volume data with complex structures for biologists.