bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanoparticle‐Imprinted Polymers: Shell‐Selective Recognition of Au Nanoparticles by Imprinting Using the Langmuir–Blodgett Method
Authors: Bruchiel‐Spanier Netta , Mandler Daniel 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSpeciation of nanoparticles, that is, their differentiation based on size, shape and stabilizing shell is becoming important since their properties depend on these parameters. Nanoparticle‐imprinted polymers (NIPs) are a new approach that aims to selectively recognize nanoparticles based on their structural properties. In this study, monolayers of cellulose acetate (CA) accommodating gold nanoparticles stabilized with dodecanethiol (AuNPs/C12) are transferred onto indium tin oxide (ITO) by the Langmuir–Blodgett technique. One to five monolayers are assembled. Electrochemical oxidation dissolves the AuNPs/C12 to form cavities in the films, which fit the size and shape of the AuNPs/C12. Reuptake of the nanoparticles from a solution is successful using the imprinted films, whereas the control films containing only CA layers do not reuptake the AuNPs/C12. The NIPs are highly selective and other gold nanoparticles stabilized by other thiols are not recognized by the imprinted matrix.
Partial Oxidation as a Rational Approach to Kinetic Control in Bioinspired Magnetite Synthesis
Authors: Altan Cem L. , Lenders Jos J. M. , Bomans Paul H. H. , de With Gijsbertus , Friedrich Heiner , Bucak Seyda , Sommerdijk Nico A. J. M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBiological systems show impressive control over the shape, size and organization of mineral structures, which often leads to advanced physical properties that are tuned to the function of these materials. Such control is also found in magnetotactic bacteria, which produce—in aqueous medium and at room temperature—magnetite nanoparticles with precisely controlled morphologies and sizes that are generally only accessible in synthetic systems with the use of organic solvents and/or the use of high‐temperature methods. The synthesis of magnetite under biomimetic conditions, that is, in water and at room temperature and using polymeric additives as control agents, is of interest as a green production method for magnetic nanoparticles. Inspired by the process of magnetite biomineralization, a rational approach is taken by the use of a solid precursor for the synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles. The conversion of a ferrous hydroxide precursor, which we demonstrate with cryo‐TEM and low‐dose electron diffraction, is used to achieve control over the solution supersaturation such that crystal growth can be regulated through the interaction with poly‐(α,β)‐dl‐aspartic acid, a soluble, negatively charged polymer. In this way, stable suspensions of nanocrystals are achieved that show remanence and coercivity at the size limit of superparamagnetism, and which are able to align their magnetic moments forming strings in solution as is demonstrated by cryo‐electron tomography.
New Phenomena in Organometallic‐Mediated Radical Polymerization (OMRP) and Perspectives for Control of Less Active Monomers
Authors: Poli Rinaldo 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe impact of reversible bond formation between a growing radical chain and a metal complex (organometallic‐mediated radical polymerization (OMRP) equilibrium) to generate an organometallic intermediate/dormant species is analyzed with emphasis on the interplay between this and other one‐electron processes involving the metal complex, which include halogen transfer in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), hydrogen‐atom transfer in catalytic chain transfer (CCT), and catalytic radical termination (CRT). The challenges facing the controlled polymerization of “less active monomers” (LAMs) are outlined and, after reviewing the recent achievements of OMRP in this area, the perspectives of this technique are analyzed.
Calcium‐Catalyzed Carboarylation of Alkynes
Authors: Fu Liang , Niggemann Meike 
Published: March 2015

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Meike Niggemann at the RWTH Aachen University. The image depicts a calcium catalyst brewing a magic potion—a carefully balanced choice of ingredients results in a new one‐pot procedure for the carboarylation of internal alkynes. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201406503.
Early estimates of SEER cancer incidence for 2012: Approaches, opportunities, and cautions for obtaining preliminary estimates of cancer incidence
Authors: Lewis Denise Riedel , Chen Huann‐Sheng , Midthune Douglas N. , Cronin Kathleen A. , Krapcho Martin F. , Feuer Eric J. 
Published: March 2015

BACKGROUNDThe National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program collects and publishes population‐based cancer incidence data from registries covering approximately 28% (seer.cancer.gov/registries/data.html) of the US population. SEER incidence rates are released annually in April from data submitted the prior November. The time needed to identify, consolidate, clean, and submit data requires the latest diagnosis year included to be 3 years before release. Approaches, opportunities, and cautions for an earlier release of data based on a February submission are described.METHODSFirst, cases submitted in February for the latest diagnosis year represented 92% to 98% of those in the following November submission. A reporting delay model was used to statistically adjust counts in recent diagnosis years for cases projected in the future. February submissions required larger adjustment factors than November submissions. Second, trends were checked to assess the validity.RESULTSMost cancer sites had similar annual percent change (APC) trends for February and November 2013. Male colon and rectum cancer and female lung and bronchus cancer showed an acceleration in declining APC trends only in February. Average annual percent change (AAPC) trends for the 2 submissions were similar for all sites.CONCLUSIONSFor the first time, preliminary 2012 incidence rates, based on February submissions, are provided. An accelerated decline starting in 2008 for male colon and rectum cancer rates and male lung cancer rates did not persist when 2012 data were added. An earlier release of SEER data is possible. Caution must be exercised when one is interpreting changing trends. Use of the more conservative AAPC is advised. Cancer 2015;121:2053–2062. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Yoga and meditation for menopausal symptoms in breast cancer survivors—A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Cramer Holger , Rabsilber Sybille , Lauche Romy , Kümmel Sherko , Dobos Gustav 
Published: March 2015

BACKGROUNDBreast cancer survivors have only very limited treatment options for menopausal symptoms. The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effects of a 12‐week traditional Hatha yoga and meditation intervention on menopausal symptoms in breast cancer survivors.METHODSPatients were randomly assigned either to a 12‐week yoga and meditation intervention or to usual care. The primary outcome measure was total menopausal symptoms (Menopause Rating Scale [MRS] total score). Secondary outcome measures included MRS subscales, quality of life (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐Breast), fatigue (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy‐Fatigue), depression, and anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). Outcomes were assessed at week 12 and week 24 after randomization.RESULTSIn total, 40 women (mean age ± standard deviation, 49.2 ± 5.9 years) were randomized to yoga (n = 19) or to usual care (n = 21). Women in the yoga group reported significantly lower total menopausal symptoms compared with the usual care group at week 12 (mean difference, −5.6; 95% confidence interval, −9.2 to −1.9; P = .004) and at week 24 (mean difference, −4.5; 95% confidence interval, −8.3 to −0.7; P = .023). At week 12, the yoga group reported less somatovegetative, psychological, and urogenital menopausal symptoms; less fatigue; and improved quality of life (all P < .05). At week 24, all effects persisted except for psychological menopausal symptoms. Short‐term effects on menopausal symptoms remained significant when only women who were receiving antiestrogen medication (n = 36) were analyzed. Six minor adverse events occurred in each group.CONCLUSIONSYoga combined with meditation can be considered a safe and effective complementary intervention for menopausal symptoms in breast cancer survivors. The effects seem to persist for at least 3 months. Cancer 2015;121:2175–2184. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
HNF1β and S100A1 are useful biomarkers for distinguishing renal oncocytoma and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma in FNA and core needle biopsies
Authors: Conner James R. , Hirsch Michelle S. , Jo Vickie Y. 
Published: March 2015

BACKGROUNDMorphologic overlap between renal oncocytoma (RO) and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC) can pose diagnostic challenges, especially in biopsy samples in which tumor quantity may be limited, architectural features are not well represented, and gross examination is not possible. It has been demonstrated that immunohistochemistry (IHC) for HNF1α, HNF1β, and S100A1 are differentially expressed in RO and ChRCC in resection specimens. We evaluated the utility of these markers in FNA and core biopsies of RO and ChRCC.METHODSIHC for HNF1α, HNF1β, and S100A1 were performed on 61 RO specimens (36 FNA biopsies and 25 core biopsies) and on 14 ChRCC specimens (10 FNA biopsies and 4 core biopsies), and results were scored semiquantitatively for staining intensity (0‐3: negative, weak, moderate, strong) and staining extent (0‐4: 0%, 1‐25%, 26‐50%, 51‐75%, 76‐100%).RESULTSForty‐four (44) of 60 (73%) RO displayed moderate‐to‐strong nuclear reactivity for HNF1β compared to 3 of 14 (21%) ChRCC (P < .001). Staining was present in >50% of tumor cells in 34 of 60 (57%) RO and in 2 of 14 (14%) ChRCC (P = .004). S100A1 was moderately‐to‐strongly positive in 45 of 56 (80%) RO and in 1 of 13 (8%) ChRCC (P < .001), with 39 of 56 (70%) and 2 of 13 (15%) cases, respectively showing positivity in >50% of tumor cells (P < .001). No ChRCCs were positive for both markers. There was no statistically significant difference in intensity or extent of HNF1α staining between RO and ChRCC.CONCLUSIONSHNF1β and S100A1 positivity was observed in a significantly greater proportion of RO than ChRCC. IHC for both markers can thus aid in the differential diagnosis. Accurate distinction is of increasing importance as tumor‐ablative procedures and active surveillance become more widely adopted. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2015;123:298–305. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
A real‐time noise resilient data link layer mechanism for unslotted IEEE 802.15.4 networks
Authors: Okdem Selcuk 
Published: March 2015

SummaryInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.15.4 is a protocol operating in media access control and physical layer, and it is commonly used in low‐power and low data‐rate wireless communications. In this paper, we develop a stochastic model for unslotted operations of IEEE 802.15.4 networks. Signal fading is an important factor in mobile communications. According to the level of fading, signal‐to‐noise ratio gets dynamically changing values. Given a pair of nodes communicating to each‐other in a mobile channel, the model calculates frame sizes providing maximum data‐rate of successful IEEE 802.15.4 transmissions. The experimental results in various environments are given in the paper to discuss the success of the model. In the consideration of real‐time operations, the model is improved to be operated in a low‐complexity hardware/software unit. According to experimental results presented in the paper, the proposed model seems to be suitable in mobile environments by achieving high data‐transfer rate for unslotted IEEE 802.15.4 protocol. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Historical abiotic events or human‐aided dispersal: inferring the evolutionary history of a newly discovered galaxiid fish
Authors: Chakona Gamuchirai , Swartz Ernst R. , Chakona Albert 
Published: March 2015

AbstractRange expansion of obligate freshwater fishes in the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) of South Africa has mostly been attributed to river capture events and confluence of rivers following sea‐level regression. The role of low drainage divides and interbasin water transfers has received less attention. This study analyzed mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences to assess the processes that could have influenced the phylogeographic patterns of a newly discovered lineage of Galaxias zebratus (hereafter Galaxias zebratus “Joubertina”) that occurs across two currently isolated river systems close to the Joubertina area in the eastern CFR. Results from both analyses revealed that observed genetic differentiation cannot be explained by isolation between the two river systems. No genetic differentiation was found between the Krom River system and a population from one of the Gamtoos tributaries. Shallow genetic differentiation was found between the Krom and the other Gamtoos populations. Historical river capture events and sea‐level changes do not explain the present distribution of Galaxias zebratus “Joubertina” across the Krom and Gamtoos River systems. Interbasin dispersal during pluvial periods, recent river capture, or recent human‐mediated translocation seems to be the most plausible explanations.
Embodied Storytellers: Disability Studies and Medical Humanities
Authors: Holmes Martha Stoddard 
Published: March 2015

AbstractRereading a canonic book in medical humanities can generate an immediate sense of how much has changed in the larger conversations still circulating around the issues that book broached in significant ways. The appearance in 2013 of the second edition of Arthur Frank's The Wounded Storyteller, first published in 1995, prompted me to review what has happened in the field of body studies in the intervening decades. Some developments point to the continuing importance of Frank's book, and others raise productive questions about its limitations.
Teaching Nonauthoritarian Clinical Ethics: Using an Inventory of Bioethical Positions
Authors: Fiester Autumn 
Published: March 2015

AbstractOne area of bioethics education with direct impact on the lives of patients, families, and providers is the training of clinical ethics consultants who practice in hospital‐based settings. There is a universal call for increased skills and knowledge among practicing consultants, broad recognition that many are woefully undertrained, and a clear consensus that CECs must avoid an “authoritarian approach” to consultation—an approach, that is, in which the consultant imposes his or her values, ethical priorities, or religious convictions on the stakeholders in an ethics conflict. Yet little work has been done on how to teach CECs not to impose their values in an ethics consultation, or even on the dimensions of this problem. In this essay, I propose a tool for bioethical instruction that targets this question: how can CECs be taught a nonauthoritarian mode of ethical analysis and consultation that can avert the problem of values imposition?
Caring for Words about Limiting Care
Authors: Tilburt Jon 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn the detailed, cogent, and well‐referenced Rationing Is Not a Four‐Letter Word: Setting Limits on Healthcare, Phillip Rosoff takes up an emotion‐laden entrenched argument as challenging as iPhone purchasing for teens—trying to convince a skeptical public and medical profession that “rationing” is just fine. According to Rosoff, despite its near expletive status, the “R word”—the much‐maligned third rail of American health policy‐is an inevitable and sensible choice for the future of health care in the United States. It is—rather like the iPhone 4S—good enough, much cheaper, and really not that bad.
How Much for That Stress Test?
Authors: Gilbert Susan 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWhat if we could shop for health care the way we shop for a car or airline tickets, turning to online tools to learn the fair price? Would this kind of consumerism be good for patients and for health care more broadly? We are poised to find some answers to these questions, since several relatively new resources enable anyone with an Internet connection to search for prices of specific interventions and services and, in some cases, to identify who offers the best deal.
Depression of neuronal excitability and epileptic activities by group II metabotropic glutamate receptors in the medial entorhinal cortex
Authors: Zhang Haopeng , Cilz Nicholas I. , Yang Chuanxiu , Hu Binqi , Dong Hailong , Lei Saobo 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTWhereas the ionotropic glutamate receptors are the major mediator in glutamatergic transmission, the metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) usually play a modulatory role. Whereas the entorhinal cortex (EC) is an essential structure involved in the generation and propagation of epilepsy, the roles and mechanisms of mGluRs in epilepsy in the EC have not been determined. Here, we studied the effects of activation of group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs II) on epileptiform activity induced by picrotoxin or deprivation of extracellular Mg2+ and neuronal excitability in the medial EC. We found that activation of mGluRs II by application of the selective agonist, LY354740, exerted robust inhibition on epileptiform activity. LY354740 hyperpolarized entorhinal neurons via activation of a K+ conductance and inhibition of a Na+‐permeable channel. LY354740‐induced hyperpolarization was G protein‐dependent, but independent of adenylyl cyclase and protein kinase A. However, the function of Gβγ was involved in mGluRs II‐mediated depression of both neuronal excitability and epileptiform activity. Our results provide a novel cellular mechanism to explain the antiepileptic effects of mGluRs II in the treatment of epilepsy. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of spaced learning in the water maze on development of dentate granule cells generated in adult mice
Authors: Trinchero Mariela F. , Koehl Muriel , Bechakra Malik , Delage Pauline , Charrier Vanessa , Grosjean Noelle , Ladeveze Elodie , Schinder Alejandro F. , Abrous D. Nora 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTNew dentate granule cells (GCs) are generated in the hippocampus throughout life. These adult‐born neurons are required for spatial learning in the Morris water maze (MWM). In rats, spatial learning shapes the network by regulating their number and dendritic development. Here, we explored whether such modulatory effects exist in mice. New GCs were tagged using thymidine analogs or a GFP‐expressing retrovirus. Animals were exposed to a reference memory protocol for 10–14 days (spaced training) at different times after newborn cells labeling. Cell proliferation, cell survival, cell death, neuronal phenotype, and dendritic and spine development were examined using immunohistochemistry. Surprisingly, spatial learning did not modify any of the parameters under scrutiny including cell number and dendritic morphology. These results suggest that although new GCs are required in mice for spatial learning in the MWM, they are, at least for the developmental intervals analyzed here, refractory to behavioral stimuli generated in the course of learning in the MWM. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Immune parameters of patients treated with laquinimod, a novel oral therapy for the treatment of multiple sclerosis: results from a double‐blind placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Stasiolek Mariusz , Linker Ralf A. , Hayardeny Liat , Bar Ilan Oren , Gold Ralf 
Published: March 2015

AbstractLaquinimod is a novel orally administered drug for the treatment of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). In this immunological substudy of the phase III Assessment of Oral Laquinimod in Preventing Progression of MS (ALLEGRO) trial, we performed an ex vivo and in vitro analysis of effects exerted by laquinimod on peripheral blood immune cell populations from RRMS patients with a special focus on monocyte phenotype and function. Approximately 100 patients were enrolled following a standardized protocol. Half of the patients received laquinimod and the other half received placebo. Peripheral blood samples were collected prior to commencement of therapy and after 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months of continuous therapy. Main lymphocytic and antigen presenting cell fractions were analyzed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) ex vivo by flow cytometry. The proliferative response of PBMCs to mitogen or recall antigen was assessed in culture experiments. Untouched monocytes were sorted magnetically and cultured under pro‐inflammatory conditions. PBMC analysis showed no significant differences of investigated lymphocytic and antigen presenting cell populations over time within each group, or between the two groups. However, the detailed in vitro analysis of monocytes demonstrated a lower level of CD86 expression on monocytes stimulated with LPS in laquinimod patients beginning from the 1st month of treatment. Upon pro‐inflammatory stimulation, monocytes obtained from laquinimod treated patients tended to secrete lower levels of the proinflammatory chemokines CCL2 or CCL5. Taken together, in this prospective study, we demonstrate immune modulation but no immunosuppressive biological activity of laquinimod in a large group of MS patients.
Successful Scientific Replication and Extension of Levitt (2008): Child Seats are Still No Safer Than Seat Belts
Authors: Jones Lauren E. , Ziebarth Nicolas R. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryUsing US fatality data from 1975 to 2003, Levitt (Evidence that seat belts are as effective as child safety seats in preventing death for children aged two and up, Review of Economics and Statistics 2008; 90(1): 158–163) shows that child safety seats do not significantly reduce fatalities for children aged 2–6 years as compared to standard seat belts. Although we were unable to gain access to the original programs and dataset used, we were able to replicate Levitt's () findings almost exactly. We extend Levitt () by showing that the findings also hold for the years 2004–2011 despite changing driver characteristics and restraint use patterns. We fail to find evidence that SUVs provide additional safety for children. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bone Tissue Properties Measurement by Reference Point Indentation in Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis
Authors: Mellibovsky Leonardo , Prieto-Alhambra Daniel , Mellibovsky Fernando , Güerri-Fernández Roberto , Nogués Xavier , Randall Connor , Hansma Paul K , Díez-Perez Adolfo 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT

Glucocorticoids, widely used in inflammatory disorders, rapidly increase bone fragility and, therefore, fracture risk. However, common bone densitometry measurements are not sensitive enough to detect these changes. Moreover, densitometry only partially recognizes treatment-induced fracture reductions in osteoporosis. Here, we tested whether the reference point indentation technique could detect bone tissue property changes early after glucocorticoid treatment initiation. After initial laboratory and bone density measurements, patients were allocated into groups receiving calcium + vitamin D (Ca+D) supplements or anti-osteoporotic drugs (risedronate, denosumab, teriparatide). Reference point indentation was performed on the cortical bone layer of the tibia by a handheld device measuring bone material strength index (BMSi). Bone mineral density was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Although Ca+D-treated patients exhibited substantial and significant deterioration, risedronate-treated patients exhibited no significant change, and both denosumab- and teriparatide-treated participants exhibited significantly improved BMSi 7 weeks after initial treatment compared with baseline; these trends remained stable for 20 weeks. In contrast, no densitometry changes were observed during this study period. In conclusion, our study is the first to our knowledge to demonstrate that reference point indentation is sensitive enough to reflect changes in cortical bone indentation after treatment with osteoporosis therapies in patients newly exposed to glucocorticoids. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.