bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic factors affecting food‐plant specialization of an oligophagous seed predator
Authors: Laukkanen L. , Leimu R. , Muola A. , Lilley M. , Mutikainen P. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSeveral ecological and genetic factors affect the diet specialization of insect herbivores. The evolution of specialization may be constrained by lack of genetic variation in herbivore performance on different food‐plant species. By traditional view, trade‐offs, that is, negative genetic correlations between the performance of the herbivores on different food‐plant species favour the evolution of specialization. To investigate whether there is genetic variation or trade‐offs in herbivore performance between different food plants that may influence specialization of the oligophagous seed‐eating herbivore, Lygaeus equestris (Heteroptera), we conducted a feeding trial in laboratory using four food‐plant species. Although L. equestris is specialized on Vincetoxicum hirundinaria (Apocynaceae) to some degree, it occasionally feeds on alternative food‐plant species. We did not find significant negative genetic correlations between mortality, developmental time and adult biomass of L. equestris on the different food‐plant species. We found genetic variation in mortality and developmental time of L. equestris on some of the food plants, but not in adult biomass. Our results suggest that trade‐offs do not affect adaptation and specialization of L. equestris to current and novel food‐plant species, but the lack of genetic variation may restrict food‐plant utilization. As food‐plant specialization of herbivores may have wide‐ranging effects, for instance, on coevolving plant–herbivore interactions and speciation, it is essential to thoroughly understand the factors behind the specialization process. Our findings provide valuable information about the role of genetic factors in food‐plant specialization of this oligophagous herbivore.
Genome‐specific introgression between wheat and its wild relative Aegilops triuncialis
Authors: Parisod C. , Definod C. , Sarr A. , Arrigo N. , Felber F. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIntrogression of sequences from crop species in wild relatives is of fundamental and practical concern. Here, we address gene flow between cultivated wheat and its widespread polyploid relative, Aegilops triuncialis, using 12 EST‐SSR markers mapped on wheat chromosomes. The presence of wheat diagnostic alleles in natural populations of the barbed goatgrass growing in proximity to cultivated fields highlights that substantial gene flow occurred when both species coexisted. Furthermore, loci from the A subgenome of wheat were significantly less introgressed than sequences from other subgenomes, indicating differential introgression into Ae. triuncialis. Gene flow between such species sharing nonhomeologous chromosomes addresses the evolutionary outcomes of hybridization and may be important for efficient gene containment.
Heritability of male attractiveness persists despite evidence for unreliable sexual signals in Drosophila simulans
Authors: Ingleby F. C. , Hunt J. , Hosken D. J. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSexual signals can be used to attract mates, but to be honest indicators of signaller quality they need to convey information reliably. However, environmental variation and genotype‐by‐environment (G × E) interactions have the potential to compromise the reliability of sexual signals. Here, we test the reliability of cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) as signals of heritable aspects of male attractiveness in Drosophila simulans. We examined the heritability of male attractiveness and a measure of the difference between fathers' and sons' CHC profiles across dietary and temperature environments. Our results show that environmental heterogeneity disrupts the similarity of some components of father and son CHC profile. However, overall male attractiveness is heritable within and across environments, so that sire attractiveness is a good predictor of son attractiveness even with environmental heterogeneity. This suggests that although some male CHC signals are unreliable, attractive genotypes retain their attractiveness across environments on average.
Disturbed eating behaviours and thoughts in Australian adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Authors: d'Emden Helen , Holden Libby , McDermott Brett , Harris Mark , Gibbons Kristen , Gledhill Anne , Cotterill Andrew 
Published: December 2012

AimTo describe the presence and type of disturbed eating behaviours and thoughts in a combined male/female Australian sample of adolescents with type 1 diabetes, and examine the association of eating behaviours and thoughts with glycaemic control as evidenced by high glycosylated haemoglobin levels (HbA1c).MethodsIn this cross‐sectional descriptive study, 124 adolescents aged 13–18 years were invited to complete three self‐administered questionnaires. The Youth Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (YEDE‐Q) and the Eating Disorder Inventory −3 Risk Composite (EDI‐3RC) assessed risk for an eating disorder. The third questionnaire, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) assessed emotional and behavioural concerns. Clinical data were collected from the medical records, routine clinic appointments and the adolescent.ResultsAny disturbed eating behaviour was reported by approximately one‐third of participants (32.3%) and was common in females and males (37.9% vs. 25.9%). Binge eating (17.7%), driven exercise (13.0%) and dietary restraint (8.9%) were the most common disturbed eating behaviours, although restraint was not evident in males. Insulin manipulation/omission (5.6%), vomiting (3.3%), laxative (0.8%) or diuretic use (0.8%) were less common. Regression analysis showed a significant association between HbA1c and more disturbed eating behaviours and thoughts which remained significant when adjusted for confounders.ConclusionsHigh rates of disturbed eating behaviours and thoughts were seen in this Australian sample of adolescents with type 1 diabetes. High scores on both eating disorder measures were associated with poorer glycaemic control. These results highlight the need to screen for disordered eating in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
Association between sleep and behavioural problems among children with enuresis
Authors: Abou‐Khadra Maha K , Amin Omnia R , Ahmed Dalia 
Published: December 2012

AimThis study was conducted to describe sleep problems in a sample of children with enuresis and to investigate the association between sleep and behavioural problems.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 100 children with enuresis were recruited from paediatric enuresis clinic. The children's sleep problems and behaviours were assessed by the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire and Child Behaviour checklist.ResultsThe most frequently reported sleep problems were in daytime sleepiness, bedtime resistance and sleep anxiety subscales. Children with T‐scores ≥ 60 in internalising, externalising and total behavioural problems had higher scores on daytime sleepiness subscale and total score than children with T‐scores < 60. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that daytime sleepiness subscale was significantly related to behavioural disturbances.ConclusionsSleep problems are common among this sample of children with enuresis, and the presence of sleep disturbance such as daytime sleepiness could explain the association between enuresis and disturbed daytime behaviour.
Cancer in Australian Aboriginal children: Room for improvement
Authors: Rotte Laura , Hansford Jordan , Kirby Maria , Osborn Michael , Suppiah Ram , Ritchie Petra , Tapp Heather , Rice Michael , Revesz Tamas 
Published: December 2012

AimThe study aims to analyse clinical data and outcome in Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal children with cancer.MethodsThis is a retrospective case‐note review of biological features, treatment outcome and survival in Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal children with a malignancy who were treated at the Women's and Children's Hospital, a tertiary referral hospital, from January 1997 through March 2011. Two separate analyses were performed: firstly, for each Aboriginal patient comparisons were made with two age, sex and diagnosis‐matched control patients; then secondly, results for the Aboriginal group of patients were compared with the whole non‐Aboriginal group of patients.ResultsIn the first analysis, Aboriginal children had a significantly higher ‘remoteness index’ (6.14 vs. 0.95; P < 0.001) and were less likely to be enrolled on clinical trials. Survival analysis of the Aboriginal patients and their matched controls showed a trend towards inferior overall survival for the Indigenous children (P = 0.066). In the second analysis, Aboriginal children tended to have a higher proportion of leukaemias and lymphomas and had an overrepresentation of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) (P = 0.009). The mean age among Aboriginal children with AML and lymphoma was lower (AML: 3.5 vs. 8 years, P = 0.065; lymphoma: 7.5 vs. 11.9 years, P = 0.01). A higher proportion of Aboriginal children died (P = 0.004).ConclusionsAboriginal children present with a somewhat different pattern of cancer, are less likely to be enrolled on studies and seem to have increased mortality. There is a need for improvement in study enrolment, treatment delivery, care coordination and suitably supported residential facilities.
Developmental and behavioural characteristics of children enrolled in a child protection pre‐school
Authors: McDonald Jenny L , Milne Susan , Knight Jenny , Webster Vana 
Published: December 2012

AimThe study aims to describe the developmental and behavioural difficulties in pre‐school children who have experienced maltreatment and/or neglectMethodsA retrospective medical file audit of all children assessed at the Cottage Family Care Centre, a child protection pre‐school, between April 2004 and June 2010. Demographic characteristics, parent and teacher reports, and clinical and developmental assessment results were collated and analysed.ResultsThe average age of the 55 children assessed was 36.3 months (ranging from 14 to 55.3 months). Fifty‐five per cent were male and 65% were from disadvantaged families. A significant developmental delay in at least one domain and or a significant behavioural problem was identified in 91% of assessments. Overall (or global) delay was found in 38% and this was significantly more likely in girls (P = 0.03). Emotional and/or behavioural difficulties were reported in 85% of children. Internalising problem behaviours were more common than externalising problems. A diagnosis of an autism spectrum disorder was made in four children. In the six review assessments, regression was identified in three children.ConclusionsChildren who have experienced maltreatment and/or neglect may present with developmental delays and behavioural problems. Language delays and internalising problems are characteristic. There are many features in common with primary developmental disorders. The presence of fearfulness and hypervigilance may provide a clue to diagnosis.
Factors determining vaccine uptake in Western Australian adolescents
Authors: Mak Donna B , Bulsara Max K , Wrate Megan J , Carcione Dale , Chantry Melissa , Efller Paul V 
Published: December 2012

AimAdolescence is the final opportunity for a large‐scale immunisation programme before adulthood. The Western Australian (WA) school‐based vaccination programme provides Year 7 students with free vaccination against hepatitis B virus (HBV); diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (dTpa); varicella zoster virus (VZV); and human papilloma virus (HPV). We aimed to identify factors determining consent form return and vaccination uptake.MethodsData were collected via a statewide, web‐based database in 2009 and 2010. Proportions of students who returned a vaccine consent form, and completed HBV and HPV multi‐dose courses and dTpa and VZV vaccination were determined. Factors associated with these outcomes were identified with multivariate analysis using logistic regression, accounting for clustering by school.ResultsIn 2010, 92.8% of WA Year 7 students returned a vaccination consent form and 85.3%, 74.3%, 66.7.0% and 26.4% completed their adolescent vaccination(s) against dTpa, HPV (females only), HBV and VZV, respectively. Consent form return and dTpa vaccination uptake improved between 2009 and 2010. Independent and consistently negative associations were observed between outcome variables (consent form return and vaccine uptake) and male gender, geographically remote schools, government schools and schools in the most socio‐economically disadvantaged areas. Both HBV and HPV course completion were higher in Catholic than government schools, and the same in government and independent schools.ConclusionTo effectively maximise vaccination coverage, the WA school‐based adolescent vaccination programme must specifically target male students and schools in the most disadvantaged and remote areas.
Glacial cycles as an allopatric speciation pump in north‐easternAmerican freshwater fishes
Authors: April Julien , Hanner Robert H. , Dion‐Côté Anne‐Marie , Bernatchez Louis 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAllopatric speciation may be the principal mechanism generating new species. Yet, it remains difficult to judge the generality of this process because few studies have provided evidence that geographic isolation has triggered the development of reproductive isolation over multiple species of a regional fauna. Here, we first combine results from new empirical data sets (7 taxa) and published literature (9 taxa) to show that the easternGreatLakes drainage represents a multispecies suture zone for glacial lineages of freshwater fishes with variable levels of genetic divergence. Second, we performed amplified fragment length polymorphism analyses among four pairs of lineages. Results indicate that lineages with relatively deep levels of mtDNA5′COI(barcode) sequence divergence (>2%) developed strong reproductive barriers, while lineages with lower levels of divergence show weaker reproductive isolation when found in sympatry. This suggests that a threshold of 2% sequence divergence at mtDNAcould be used as a first step to flag cryptic species in North American freshwater fishes. By describing different levels of divergence and reproductive isolation in different co‐occurring fishes, we offer strong evidence that allopatric speciation has contributed significantly to the diversification of north‐eastern American freshwater fishes and confirm that Pleistocene glacial cycles can be viewed as a ‘speciation pump’ that played a predominant role in generating biodiversity.
Crossing the uncrossable: novel trans‐valley biogeographic patterns revealed in the genetic history of low‐dispersal mygalomorph spiders (Antrodiaetidae,Antrodiaetus) from California
Authors: Hedin Marshal , Starrett James , Hayashi Cheryl 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAntrodiaetus riversiis a dispersal‐limited, habitat‐specialized mygalomorph spider species endemic to mesic woodlands of northern and central California. Here, we build upon prior phylogeographic research using a much larger geographic sample and include additional nuclear genes, providing more detailed biogeographic insights throughout the range of this complex. Of particular interest is the uncovering of unexpected and replicated trans‐valley biogeographic patterns, where in two separate genetic clades western haplotypes in the California south Coast Ranges are phylogenetically closely related to eastern haplotypes from central and northern Sierran foothills. In both instances, these trans‐valley phylogenetic patterns are strongly supported by multiple genes. These western and eastern populations are currently separated by the Central Valley, a well‐recognized modern‐day and historical biogeographic barrier in California. For one clade, the directionality is clearly northeast to southwest, and all available evidence is consistent with a jump dispersal event estimated at 1.2–1.3 Ma. During this time period, paleogeographic data indicate that northern Sierran rivers emptied to the ocean in the south Coast Ranges, rather than at the San Francisco Bay. For the other trans‐valley clade genetic evidence is less conclusive regarding the mechanism and directionality of biogeographic exchange, although the estimated timeframe is similar (approximately 1.8 Ma). Despite the large number of biogeographic studies previously conducted in central California, to the best of our knowledge no prior studies have discussed or revealed a northern Sierran to south Coast Range biogeographic connection. This uniqueness may reflect the low‐dispersal biology of mygalomorph spiders, where ‘post‐event’ gene exchange rarely erases historical biogeographic signal.
Polymorphism pattern at a miniature inverted‐repeat transposable element locus downstream of the domestication gene Teosinte‐branched1 in wild and domesticated pearl millet
Authors: Dussert Y. , Remigereau M.‐S. , Fontaine M. C. , Snirc A. , Lakis G. , Stoeckel S. , Langin T. , Sarr A. , Robert T. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractUnravelling the mechanisms involved in adaptation to understand plant morphological evolution is a challenging goal. For crop species, identification of molecular causal polymorphisms involved in domestication traits is central to this issue. Pearl millet, a domesticated grass mostly found in semi‐arid areas of Africa and India, is an interesting model to address this topic: the domesticated form shares common derived phenotypes with some other cereals such as a decreased ability to develop basal and axillary branches in comparison with the wild phenotype. Two recent studies have shown that the orthologue of the maize gene Teosinte‐Branched1 in pearl millet (PgTb1) was probably involved in branching evolution during domestication and that a miniature inverted‐repeat transposable element (MITE) of the Tuareg family was inserted in the 3′ untranslated region of PgTb1. For a set of 35 wild and domesticated populations, we compared the polymorphism patterns at this MITE and at microsatellite loci. The Tuareg insertion was nearly absent in the wild populations, whereas a strong longitudinal frequency cline was observed in the domesticated populations. The geographical pattern revealed by neutral microsatellite loci clearly demonstrated that isolation by distance does not account for the existence of this cline. However, comparison of population differentiation at the microsatellite and the MITE loci and analyses of the nucleotide polymorphism pattern in the downstream region of PgTb1 did not show evidence that the cline at the MITE locus has been shaped by selection, suggesting the implication of a neutral process. Alternative hypotheses are discussed.
Interaction structures formed in the psychodynamic therapy of five patients with borderline personality disorder in crisis
Authors: Goodman Geoff , Edwards Keiha , Chung Hyewon 
Published: December 2012

ObjectivesTo identify interaction structures (i.e., patterns of reciprocal interaction) that characterize the treatments of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) in crisis.DesignA 6‐month naturalistic psychotherapy process and outcome study in which interaction structures were correlated with outcome data.MethodsFive BPD patients in crisis participated in 6 months of three‐times‐per‐week psychodynamic therapy. Patients completed a measure of psychological distress every week. One hundred and twenty‐seven sessions were audiotaped and coded using the Psychotherapy Process Q‐Set.ResultsFour interaction structures were identified: (1) collaborative relationship with supportive, reassuring therapist (IS1), (2) therapist empathic attunement (IS2), (3) erotized therapeutic relationship (IS3) and (4) directive therapist with compliant patient (IS4). The magnitude of these four interaction structures varied within and between the five therapist–patient dyads over time. Interaction structures correlations with time were inversely proportional to interaction structures correlations with distress levels. IS2 was correlated with two different outcomes in patient 3's and patient 5's treatments – a positive outcome for patient 3's treatment and a negative outcome for patient 5's treatment.ConclusionsAn effective treatment model for BPD patients in crisis needs to promote the emergence of empathically attuned interactions as well as supportive and directive interventions as dictated by the patient's individual needs. These treatments require flexibility to accommodate the patient's unique presentation in crisis. The therapeutic dyad senses which interaction structures to increase or decrease over time to reduce the patient's distress.Practitioner Points

Unique constellations of four different interaction structures characterized the treatments of five BPD patients in crisis, which provide practitioners with a finite range of expectations in their therapeutic interactions with such patients.
Practitioners need to implement intervention strategies with BPD patients in crisis tailored to the unique characteristics of each patient rather than strategies designed for all patients. Being empathic attuned, supportive or directive in treatment with BPD patients in crisis depends on the nature of the therapeutic dyad at any given moment in time.
Practitioners need to be flexible enough to change intervention strategies when they seem to be increasing distress in BPD patients in crisis.
Divorce and Death: A Case Study for Health Psychology
Authors: Sbarra David A. , Hasselmo Karen , Nojopranoto Widyasita 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMarital separation and divorce are associated with increased risk for early death, and the magnitude of this association rivals that of many well‐established public health factors. In the case of divorce, however, the mechanisms explaining precisely why and how some people are at risk for early death remain unclear. This paper reviews what is known about the association between divorce and risk for all‐cause mortality, then discusses four emerging themes: the biological intermediaries linking divorce to pathophysiology and disease onset, moving beyond the statistical mean, focusing research on the diathesis‐stress model, and studying how opportunity foreclosures may place people on a trajectory toward poor distal health outcomes. These ideas are grounded in a set of public lay commentaries about the association between divorce and death; in this way, the paper seeks to integrate current research ideas with how the general public thinks about divorce and its correlates. Although this paper focuses on divorce, many of the emerging themes are applicable to the study of psychosocial stress and health more generally. Therefore, the study of divorce and death provides a good case study for health psychology and considers new questions that can be pursued in a variety of research areas.
Applied Social Psychology: A Critical Theoretical Perspective
Authors: McDonald Matthew , Bubna‐Litic David 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this analysis is to review, through a critical theoretical lens, social psychology applied to work and organisations. In our reading of the applied social psychological literature four key issues emerged. These include the valorisation of a positivist epistemology, an owner/management perspective on workplace issues, a focus on intra‐psychic variables or internal mental states when accounting for organisational problems, and the ignoring of moral and ethical commitments in determining workplace research and practice. Each of these issues is then further analysed in light of insights from the field of Critical Management Studies. This alternative approach to organisational behaviour points to the ways in which applied social psychological theory and practice have the potential to disadvantage workers.