bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A large shock vein in L chondrite Roosevelt County 106: Evidence for a long‐duration shock pulse on the L chondrite parent body
Authors: Sharp Thomas G. , Xie Zhidong , de CARLI Paul S. , Hu Jinping 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA large shock‐induced melt vein in L6 ordinary chondrite Roosevelt County 106 contains abundant high‐pressure minerals, including olivine, enstatite, and plagioclase fragments that have been transformed to polycrystalline ringwoodite, majorite, lingunite, and jadeite. The host chondrite at the melt‐vein margins contains olivines that are partially transformed to ringwoodite. The quenched silicate melt in the shock veins consists of majoritic garnets, up to 25 μm in size, magnetite, maghemite, and phyllosilicates. The magnetite, maghemite, and phyllosilicates are the terrestrial alteration products of magnesiowüstite and quenched glass. This assemblage indicates crystallization of the silicate melt at approximately 20–25 GPa and 2000 °C. Coarse majorite garnets in the centers of shock veins grade into increasingly finer grained dendritic garnets toward the vein margins, indicating increasing quench rates toward the margins as a result of thermal conduction to the surrounding chondrite host. Nanocrystalline boundary zones, that contain wadsleyite, ringwoodite, majorite, and magnesiowüstite, occur along shock‐vein margins. These zones represent rapid quench of a boundary melt that contains less metal‐sulfide than the bulk shock vein. One‐dimensional finite element heat‐flow calculations were performed to estimate a quench time of 750–1900 ms for a 1.6‐mm thick shock vein. Because the vein crystallized as a single high‐pressure assemblage, the shock pulse duration was at least as long as the quench time and therefore the sample remained at 20–25 GPa for at least 750 ms. This relatively long shock pulse, combined with a modest shock pressure, implies that this sample came from deep in the L chondrite parent body during a collision with a large impacting body, such as the impact event that disrupted the L chondrite parent body 470 Myr ago.
NG2 Proteoglycan‐Dependent Contributions of Pericytes and Macrophages to Brain Tumor Vascularization and Progression
Authors: Stallcup William B. , You Weon‐Kyoo , Kucharova Karolina , Cejudo‐Martin Pilar , Yotsumoto Fusanori 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe NG2 proteoglycan promotes tumor growth as a component of both tumor and stromal cells. Using intracranial, NG2‐negative B16F10 melanomas, we have investigated the importance of PC and Mac NG2 in brain tumor progression. Reduced melanoma growth in Mac‐NG2ko and PC‐NG2ko mice demonstrates the importance of NG2 in both stromal compartments. In each genotype, the loss of PC–endothelial cell interaction diminishes the formation of endothelial junctions and assembly of the basal lamina. Tumor vessels in Mac‐NG2ko mice have smaller diameters, reduced patency, and increased leakiness compared to PC‐NG2ko mice, thus decreasing tumor blood supply and increasing hypoxia. While the reduced PC interaction with endothelial cells in PC‐NG2ko mice results from the loss of PC activation of β1 integrin signaling in endothelial cells, reduced PC–endothelial cell interaction in Mac‐NG2ko mice results from 90% reduced Mac recruitment. The absence of Mac‐derived signals in Mac‐NG2ko mice causes the loss of PC association with endothelial cells. Reduced Mac recruitment may be due to diminished activation of integrins in the absence of NG2, causing decreased Mac interaction with endothelial adhesion molecules that are needed for extravasation. These results reflect the complex interplay that occurs between Mac, PC, and endothelial cells during tumor vascularization.
Sublingual immunization with the phosphate‐binding‐protein (PstS) reduces oral colonization by Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Ferreira E.L. , Batista M.T. , Cavalcante R.C.M. , Pegos V.R. , Passos H.M. , Silva D.A. , Balan A. , Ferreira L.C.S. , Ferreira R.C.C. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryBacterial ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters play a crucial role in the physiology and pathogenicity of different bacterial species. Components of ABC transporters have also been tested as target antigens for the development of vaccines against different bacterial species, such as those belonging to the Streptococcus genus. Streptococcus mutans is the etiological agent of dental caries, and previous studies have demonstrated that deletion of the gene encoding PstS, the substrate‐binding component of the phosphate uptake system (Pst), reduced the adherence of the bacteria to abiotic surfaces. In the current study, we generated a recombinant form of the S. mutans PstS protein (rPstS) with preserved structural features, and we evaluated the induction of antibody responses in mice after sublingual mucosal immunization with a formulation containing the recombinant protein and an adjuvant derived from the heat‐labile toxin from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains. Mice immunized with rPstS exhibited systemic and secreted antibody responses, measured by the number of immunoglobulin A‐secreting cells in draining lymph nodes. Serum antibodies raised in mice immunized with rPstS interfered with the adhesion of bacteria to the oral cavity of naive mice challenged with S. mutans. Similarly, mice actively immunized with rPstS were partially protected from oral colonization after challenge with the S. mutans NG8 strain. Therefore, our results indicate that S. mutans PstS is a potential target antigen capable of inducing specific and protective antibody responses after sublingual administration. Overall, these observations raise interesting perspectives for the development of vaccines to prevent dental caries.
Nonurgent Emergency Department Visits by Insured and Uninsured Adults
Authors: Searing Lisabeth M. , Cantlin Kelly A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo compare nonurgent emergency department (ED) visits by insured and uninsured adults in a Midwest community.Design and SampleRecords for this secondary data analysis included 84,877 nonurgent visits to a Midwest ED from September 2004 to January 2012. Insured versus uninsured visits were analyzed using t tests for continuous variables and chi‐squared tests for categorical variables. Standardized residuals were compared to determine if changes over time were statistically significant.MeasuresVariables included demographic characteristics of patients, payment source, patients' access to primary care, acuity rating, time of visit, and the stated reason for the visit.ResultsOf all nonurgent visits, 77.9% were made by insured adults. Insured nonurgent visits were more often made by adults who were female, older, White, and had a primary care provider (PCP). Nonurgent visits on weekdays between the hours of 09:00 and 18:00 were more likely to be uninsured visits. Dental issues were the fourth most common issue for uninsured visits.ConclusionsNonurgent ED visits occur when more appropriate options for prompt care are available in the community. Interventions should target both patients and PCPs. While patients should contact their PCP when in need of prompt care, PCPs should refer patients to facilities other than the ED when medically appropriate.
Transformative Learning: A Case for Using Grounded Theory as an Assessment Analytic
Authors: Patterson Barbara A. B. (Bobbi) , Munoz Leslie , Abrams Leah , Bass Caroline 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTransformative Learning Theory and pedagogies leverage disruptive experiences as catalysts for learning and teaching. By facilitating processes of critical analysis and reflection that challenge assumptions, transformative learning reframes what counts as knowledge and the sources and processes for gaining and producing it. Students develop a broader range of perspectives on and entry points for learning and behavior change engaging cognition, embodiment, aesthetics, emotions, and ethics (see Mezirow 1991 and Figures 1 and 2). The open‐inquiry, multi‐modal nature of transformative learning defies most traditional assessment strategies. This article demonstrates that grounded theory offers the rigorous qualitative analysis needed to document and track transformative learning outcomes in practice. By applying a grounded theory approach to data from over eighty student portfolios across several iterations of a Religion and Ecology course at Emory University, this article demonstrates a successful and replicable assessment of transformative learning pedagogies.
Forum: Teaching With, Against, and To Faith
Authors: Jones Medine Carolyn M. , Penner Todd , Lehman Marjorie 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThese three articles deal with the issue of faith in the classroom – whether one should teach “to,” “for,” or “against” faith. While their institutional settings and experiences are different, the authors all contend that more serious reflection needs to be given to the matter of how religious commitment plays out in our diverse pedagogical settings. The initial article by Carolyn Medine surveys the current climate regarding student spirituality in the classroom, the broader governmental concerns, and, the tensions that inform the choices available to a professor. Todd Penner's essay analyzes faith‐as‐ideology in the undergraduate classroom, and Marjorie Lehman's contribution analyzes how the issue manifests differently in Jewish Studies.
Quantification of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in canine mammary tumours by ELISA assay: clinical and prognostic implications
Authors: Queiroga F. L. , Perez‐Alenza M. D. , González‐Gil A. , Silván G. , Peña L. , Illera J. C. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe involvement of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is well established in human breast cancer, however, in canine mammary tumours (CMT), including inflammatory mammary carcinomas (IMC), still needs to be clarified. Enzyme immune assay techniques were used for EGFR determinations in tumour tissue from 45 bitches with CMT and in normal mammary glands from eight control dogs. Higher tissue EGFR levels were found in CMT compared with controls (P < 0.05). In malignant CMT, tissue EGFR elevated concentrations were statistically significantly associated with tumour relapse and/or distant metastasis during follow‐up and with reduced disease‐free and overall survival times. The IMC cases had the highest tissue EGFR levels compared with other malignant non‐IMC tumours (P < 0.001). The results support the hypothesis that EGFR levels influence prognosis in malignant CMT, suggesting that EGFR may represent a therapeutic target in cases of high histological aggressiveness and especially in cases of metastatic phenotype and poor prognosis.
Efficacy and toxicity of carboplatin and cytarabine chemotherapy for dogs with relapsed or refractory lymphoma (2000–2013)
Authors: Gillem J. , Giuffrida M. , Krick E. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMedical records of 22 dogs treated with carboplatin (n = 8) or carboplatin and cytarabine (n = 14) chemotherapy for relapsed or refractory lymphoma between 2000 and 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical response rate was 18.2% (4/22). Median time to progression was 18 days (56 for responders; 12 for non‐responders, P = 0.0006). Median overall survival time was 28 days (109 for responders; 21 for non‐responders, P = 0.0007). Thrombocytopenia and neutropenia occurred in 84.2% (16/19) and 52.6% (10/19), respectively. Grade IV thrombocytopenia and neutropenia occurred in 56.3% (9/16) and 60.0% (6/10), respectively. Dogs that received both drugs were more likely to become neutropenic (P = 0.022) or thrombocytopenic (P = 0.001) than dogs receiving carboplatin alone. All responders received both drugs giving a 28.6% (4/14) response rate for the combination. Although some dogs responded to the combination, toxicity was high and the responses were not durable. With adequate supportive care, this protocol may be an acceptable rescue option for some dogs.
Hypoxia pretreatment of bone marrow—derived mesenchymal stem cells seeded in a collagen‐chitosan sponge scaffold promotes skin wound healing in diabetic rats with hindlimb ischemia
Authors: Tong Chuan , Hao Haojie , Xia Lei , Liu Jiejie , Ti Dongdong , Dong Liang , Hou Qian , Song Haijing , Liu Huiling , Zhao Yali , Fu Xiaobing , Han Weidong 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTBone marrow—derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM‐MSCs) have properties that make them promising for the treatment of chronic nonhealing wounds. The major challenge is ensuring an efficient, safe, and painless delivery of BM‐MSCs. Tissue‐engineered skin substitutes have considerable benefits in skin damage resulting from chronic nonhealing wounds. Here, we have constructed a three‐dimensional biomimetic scaffold known as collagen‐chitosan sponge scaffolds (CCSS) using the cross‐linking and freeze‐drying method. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that CCSS had an interconnected network pore configuration about 100 μm and exhibited a suitable swelling ratio for maintaining morphological stability and appropriate biodegradability to improve biostability using swelling and degradation assays. Furthermore, BM‐MSCs were seeded in CCSS using the two‐step seeding method to construct tissue‐engineered skin substitutes. In addition, in this three‐dimensional biomimetic CCSS, BM‐MSCs secreted their own collagen and maintain favorable survival ability and viability. Importantly, BM‐MSCs exhibited a significant upregulated expression of proangiogenesis factors, including HIF‐1α, VEGF, and PDGF following hypoxia pretreatment. In vivo, hypoxia pretreatment of the skin substitute observably accelerated wound closure via the reduction of inflammation and enhanced angiogenesis in diabetic rats with hindlimb ischemia. Thus, hypoxia pretreatment of the skin substitutes can serve as ideal bioengineering skin substitutes to promote optimal diabetic skin wound healing.
Psychometric Properties of a Tool to Measure Nurses’ Attitudes to Single Checking Medications: SCAMS‐II
Authors: Cross Rachel , Bennett Paul N. , Ockerby Cherene , Busija Lucy , Currey Judy 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsSingle checking medications has been increasingly adopted over the past decade by nurses in Australian healthcare services. However, attitudes toward the practice of only one nurse checking medications remain unclear. The aim of this article is to report on the development, reliability, and validity of a tool to measure nurses’ attitudes to single checking medications in a health service in which single checking has been in place for over a decade.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional survey design, the Single Checking and Administration of Medications Scale (SCAMS‐II) was used to measure the attitudes of 299 registered nurses (RNs) who were single checking medications in one metropolitan teaching hospital in Australia. Exploratory factor analysis was used to explore the dimensions that best represented the SCAMS‐II. Cronbach's α was used to assess internal consistency of the identified subscales. To test the construct validity of the emergent questionnaire, Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Rasch analyses were performed.ResultsThe psychometric properties of the SCAMS‐II revealed 12 items with three reliable subscales: a five‐item accountability model; a four‐item efficiency model; and a three‐item knowledge model.Linking Evidence to ActionIn settings where single checking is current practice, the SCAMS‐II is recommended as a reliable tool to measure nurses’ attitudes toward the single checking of medications. The findings from this study may assist healthcare organizations in the development of policy and procedure guidelines for the safe administration of medications.
Structural and Functional Features of a Developmentally Regulated Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein
Authors: Krasity Benjamin C. , Troll Joshua V. , Lehnert Erik M. , Hackett Kathleen T. , Dillard Joseph P. , Apicella Michael A. , Goldman William E. , Weiss Jerrold P. , McFall-Ngai Margaret J. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTMammalian lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding proteins (LBPs) occur mainly in extracellular fluids and promote LPS delivery to specific host cell receptors. The function of LBPs has been studied principally in the context of host defense; the possible role of LBPs in nonpathogenic host-microbe interactions has not been well characterized. Using theEuprymna scolopes-Vibrio fischerimodel, we analyzed the structure and function of an LBP family protein,E. scolopesLBP1 (EsLBP1), and provide evidence for its role in triggering a symbiont-induced host developmental program. Previous studies showed that, during initial host colonization, the LPS ofV. fischerisynergizes with peptidoglycan (PGN) monomer to induce morphogenesis of epithelial tissues of the host animal. Computationally modeled EsLBP1 shares some but not all structural features of mammalian LBPs that are thought important for LPS binding. Similar to human LBP, recombinant EsLBP1 expressed in insect cells boundV. fischeriLPS andNeisseria meningitidislipooligosaccharide (LOS) with nanomolar or greater affinity but boundFrancisella tularensisLPS only weakly and did not bind PGN monomer. Unlike human LBP, EsLBP1 did not bindN. meningitidisLOS:CD14 complexes. Theeslbp1transcript was upregulated ~22-fold byV. fischeriat 24 h postinoculation. Surprisingly, this upregulation was not induced by exposure to LPS but, rather, to the PGN monomer alone. Hybridization chain reaction-fluorescentinsitu hybridization (HCR-FISH) and immunocytochemistry (ICC) localizedeslbp1transcript and protein in crypt epithelia, whereV. fischeriinduces morphogenesis. The data presented here provide a window into the evolution of LBPs and the scope of their roles in animal symbioses.IMPORTANCEMammalian lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein (LBP) is implicated in conveying LPS to host cells and potentiating its signaling activity. In certain disease states, such as obesity, the overproduction of this protein has been a reliable biomarker of chronic inflammation. Here, we describe a symbiosis-induced invertebrate LBP whose tertiary structure and LPS-binding characteristics are similar to those of mammalian LBPs; however, the primary structure of this distantly related squid protein (EsLBP1) differs in key residues previously believed to be essential for LPS binding, suggesting that an alternative strategy exists. Surprisingly, symbiotic expression ofeslbp1is induced by peptidoglycan derivatives, not LPS, a pattern converse to that of RegIIIγ, an important mammalian immunity protein that binds peptidoglycan but whose gene expression is induced by LPS. Finally, EsLBP1 occurs along the apical surfaces of all the host's epithelia, suggesting that it was recruited from a general defensive role to one that mediates specific interactions with its symbiont.
Growth of Listeria monocytogenes within a Caramel-Coated Apple Microenvironment
Authors: Glass Kathleen A. , Golden Max C. , Wanless Brandon J. , Bedale Wendy , Czuprynski Charles 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT

A 2014 multistate listeriosis outbreak was linked to consumption of caramel-coated apples, an unexpected and previously unreported vehicle for
Listeria monocytogenes
. This outbreak was unanticipated because both the pH of apples (<4.0) and the water activity of the caramel coating (<0.80) are too low to support
Listeria
growth. In this study, Granny Smith apples were inoculated with approximately 4 log
10
CFU of
L. monocytogenes
(a cocktail of serotype 4b strains associated with the outbreak) on each apple's skin, stem, and calyx. Half of the apples had sticks inserted into the core, while the remaining apples were left intact. Apples were dipped into hot caramel and stored at either 7°C or 25°C for up to 11 or 28 days, respectively. Data revealed that apples with inserted sticks supported significantly more
L. monocytogenes
growth than apples without sticks under both storage conditions. Within 3 days at 25°C,
L. monocytogenes
populations increased >3 log
10
in apples with sticks, whereas only a 1-log
10
increase was observed even after 1 week for caramel-coated apples without sticks. When stored at 7°C, apples with sticks exhibited an approximately 1.5-log
10
increase in
L. monocytogenes
levels at 28 days, whereas no growth was observed in apples without sticks. We infer that insertion of a stick into the apple accelerates the transfer of juice from the interior of the apple to its surface, creating a microenvironment at the apple-caramel interface where
L. monocytogenes
can rapidly grow to levels sufficient to cause disease when stored at room temperature.

IMPORTANCE
Neither caramel nor apples are a food where the pathogenic bacterium
Listeria monocytogenes
should grow, as caramel does not contain enough free water and apples are too acidic. Caramel-coated apples, however, were recently linked to a deadly outbreak of listeriosis. We hypothesized that inserting a stick into the apple releases juice to the interface between the apple and caramel, providing a more hospitable environment than either component alone. To test this hypothesis, apples were inoculated with
L. monocytogenes
prior to caramel dipping. Some apples had sticks inserted into them before dipping, while others did not. No growth of
L. monocytogenes
occurred on refrigerated caramel apples without sticks, whereas slow growth was observed on refrigerated caramel apples with sticks. In contrast, significant pathogen growth was observed within 3 days at room temperature on caramel apples with sticks inserted. Food producers should consider interfaces between components within foods as potential niches for pathogen growth.