bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensory Description of Potato Puree Enriched with Individual Functional Ingredients and Their Blends
Authors: Jiménez María José , Canet Wenceslao , Alvarez María Dolores 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis study compares trained, semi‐trained and untrained sensory profiles for seven potato puree (PP) samples by using quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA), flash profiling (FP) and projective mapping (PM), respectively. Data analysis methods for QDA, FP and PM were principal component analysis, generalized Procrustes analysis and multiple factor analysis (MFA). For the three profiling techniques, hierarchical clustering analysis was applied to group PPs as per their sensory profiles. Assessors' consensus was analyzed through MFA and correlation coefficients. For each technique, MFA also allowed assessing correlations between sensory and instrumental variables. Results showed that both FP and PM methodologies were able to identify differences in sensory characteristics of PPs, providing very similar sensory maps. Nevertheless, higher correlations between sensory attributes evaluated by semi‐trained and trained assessors were found, indicating that preferably FP should be used as a rapid choice to QDA in hot‐served PPs.Practical ApplicationsBut even with some restrictions, results of this study showed that with semi‐trained and untrained panels, spatial configurations obtained by FP and PM were relevant to describe sensory profiles of PPs. Both rapid substitute methods presented a strong correlation with QDA (high regression vector coefficients), but FP task would be preferred over PM. However, one disadvantage of these techniques is that they do not allow obtaining average rating scores, and therefore an assessment of least significant differences via analysis of variance can not be done. Therefore, it is important to highlight that both FM and PM methodologies might be particularly recommended when you cannot train a panel for a specific application, but preferably they should be considered complementary to trained assessors' data. Application of these consumer profiling techniques showed that there is a possibility of using inulin in combination with PPs to provide a highly nutritious product with improved consumers' acceptance.
Durability, Transit Lags, and Optimality of Inventory Management Decisions
Authors: Bloomfield Robert J. , Kulp Susan L. 
Published: April 2013

Two laboratory experiments on a single‐echelon inventory task show that inventory durability interacts with transit lags to create order volatility that exceeds demand volatility. Thus, inventory durability and transit lags cause managers to deviate from inventory decision optimality. Durability creates a large increase in order volatility because players adjust orders insufficiently to reflect current inventory and backlogs, much as they adjust orders insufficiently to reflect holding and backlog costs in newsvendor studies (e.g., Schweitzer and Cachon 2000). Transit lags exacerbate non‐optimal ordering by interfering with players' ability to correct prior errors. Our results suggest that non‐optimal inventory decisions can be driven by inventory and supply chain characteristics, even in the absence of the coordination and information sharing problems studied by Croson et al. (2005) and Sterman (1989a,b). We also examine the influence of features related to personality. We find little evidence that the interactive effects of durability and transit lags are altered by need for cognition, impulsiveness, or locus of control, suggesting that these features make supply chain management extremely difficult. These results imply that retailers and their upstream partners must consider the characteristics of their product and supply chains when interpreting demand signals received from downstream partners.
A Hierarchical Bayesian Model for Improving Short-Term Forecasting of Hospital Demand by Including Meteorological Information
Authors: Sahu Sujit K. , Baffour Bernard , Harper Paul R. , Minty John H. , Sarran Christophe 
Published: April 2013

SummaryThe effect of weather on health has been widely researched, and the ability to forecast meteorological events can offer valuable insights into the effect on public health services. In addition, better predictions of hospital demand that are more sensitive to fluctuations in weather can allow hospital administrators to optimize resource allocation and service delivery. Using historical hospital admission data and several seasonal and meteorological variables for a site near the hospital, the paper develops a novel Bayesian model for short-term prediction of the numbers of admissions categorized by several factors such as age group and sex. The model proposed is extended by incorporating the inherent uncertainty in the meteorological forecasts into the predictions for the number of admissions. The methods are illustrated with admissions data obtained from two moderately large hospital trusts in Cardiff and Southampton, in the UK, each admitting about 30000–50000 non-elective patients every year. The Bayesian model, computed by using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, is shown to produce more accurate predictions of the number of hospital admissions than those obtained by using a 6-week moving average method which is similar to that widely used by hospital managers. The gains are shown to be substantial during periods of rapid temperature changes, typically during the onset of cold and highly variable winter weather.
Estimating Prevalence of Injecting Drug Users and Associated Heroin-Related Death Rates in England by Using Regional Data and Incorporating Prior Information
Authors: King Ruth , Bird Sheila M. , Overstall Antony M. , Hay Gordon , Hutchinson Sharon J. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryInjecting drug users (IDUs) have a direct social and economic effect yet can typically be regarded as a hidden population within a community. We estimate the size of the IDU population across the nine different Government Office regions of England in 2005–2006 by using capture–recapture methods with age (ranging from 15 to 64 years) and gender as covariate information. We consider a Bayesian model averaging approach using log-linear models, where we can include explicit prior information within the analysis in relation to the total IDU population (elicited from the number of drug-related deaths and injectors’ drug-related death rates). Estimation at the regional level allows for regional heterogeneity with these regional estimates aggregated to obtain a posterior mean estimate for the number of England's IDUs of 195840 with 95% credible interval (181700, 210480). There is significant variation in the estimated regional prevalence of current IDUs per million of population aged 15–64 years, and in injecting drug-related death rates across the gender × age cross-classifications. The propensity of an IDU to be seen by at least one source also exhibits strong regional variability with London having the lowest propensity of being observed (posterior mean probability 0.21) and the South West the highest propensity (posterior mean 0.46).
Multilevel Factor Analytic Models for Assessing The Relationship Between Nurse-Reported Adverse Events and Patient Safety
Authors: Diya Luwis , Li Baoyue , Heede Van den Koen , Sermeus Walter , Lesaffre Emmanuel 
Published: April 2013

SummaryWe explore health outcomes and nurse staffing data that are multivariate multilevel structured. These data can be used to relate latent constructs such as patient safety to hospital, nursing unit, nurse and patient characteristics by using factor analytic models. It is important that the multilevel nature of the data is taken into account; otherwise it can lead to invalid inferences. We explore the relationship between patient safety and nurse-reported adverse events from the Belgian chapter of the Europe Nurse Forecasting Survey. The data were split into a learning and a validation data set. Since no a priori factor structure has been proposed in the literature, we establish the factor structure by using a frequentist exploratory factor analysis on the learning data set and validate the factor structure proposed by using a Bayesian confirmatory factor analysis on the validation data set. Multivariate analysis-of-variance discrepancy measures were used to assess the need for multilevel factor analysis. We establish that there was substantial between-nursing-unit, but not between-hospital, variability to warrant the use of multilevel factor analyses. The final model was a two-level (nurse level and nursing unit level) factor analytic model with two factors at both levels. The Bayesian approach offers more flexibility in fitting the multilevel confirmatory factor analysis. To avoid double usage of the data the validation and learning data sets were used to fit and assess the goodness of fit of the multilevel confirmatory factor analysis respectively.
Efficacy of Proveblue (Methylene Blue) in an Experimental Cerebral Malaria Murine Model
Authors: Dormoi Jérome , Briolant Sébastien , Desgrouas Camille , Pradines Bruno 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

Although 100% of untreated mice infected with
Plasmodium berghei
died with specific signs of cerebral malaria and 100% of mice treated with 3 mg/kg dihydroartemisinin, the active metabolite of artesunate, which is used as the first-line treatment for severe malaria, also died but showed no specific signs of cerebral malaria, 78% of mice treated with 10 mg/kg Proveblue (methylene blue) and 78% of mice treated with a combination of 3 mg dihydroartemisinin and 10 mg/kg Proveblue survived and showed no specific signs of cerebral malaria or detectable parasites.
Composition of Igneous Rocks, Stony Meteorites, and Iron Meteorites
Authors: Daly R. A. , Larsen E. S. , LaForge L. 
Published: April 2013

ContentsPageTable 11. Average chemical analyses of certain types of plutonic igneous rocks (R. A. Daly)22. Approximate mineral compositions of principal types of plutonic igneous rocks (E. S. Larsen)33. Composition of stony meteorites (L. LaForge)44. Composition of iron meteorites and meteoritic iron (L. LaForge)5
Remarks : Each average composition was computed from single analyses of specimens to which the respective reporters gave the name printed at the top of the column. The average may thus be regarded as at the center of gravity of opinion as to the composition of rocks which may properly be described by this name. For many purposes, these average compositions may be taken as adequately descriptive of the materials falling into the same classifications in other tables; for other purposes, the analysis of the individual specimens on which measurements have been made is essential.
Since most of the analysts neglected the effect of the adsorption of water by their specimens when pulverized, the proportion given for this oxide is in general somewhat too high. The analyses of significantly weathered specimens were excluded, insofar as possible, from the data finally used. On the whole, about three-fourths of the total water indicated was driven off at temperatures no higher than 105°C. It should be noted that the percentage of TiO2 in many of the older analyses is too low. This error of itself would make the reported percentages of Al2O3 slightly too high.
The average composition of the . . .
Strength and Plasticity
Authors: Griggs David 
Published: April 2013

ContentsPageTable 91. Standard crushing strengths of rocks1162. Critical data of translation gliding1173. Critical data of twin-gliding1204. Tests of unconsolidated sand1225. Strength of rocks confined in steel jackets1226. Short-time compressive strength of unjacketed materials with confining pressure of kerosene1237. Resistance to shearing under high confining pressure1268. Creep of certain materials1299. Creep tests of wet alabaster at different stresses129IllustrationsPageFigure1. Tresca’s apparatus1102. Adams’ apparatus1113. Schematic diagram of Griggs’ high-pressure apparatus1124. Bridgman’s shearing apparatus1135. Karman’s stress-strain diagram of jacketed marble tested in compression under confining pressure1246. Böker’s stress-strain diagrams of jacketed marble tested in tension under confining pressure1257. Griggs’ stress-strain diagrams for unjacketed Solenhofen limestone1308. Creep curves of alabaster130
In normal laboratory tests or in building applications most rocks are brittle rather than plastic and possess a well-defined strength which is independent of time or temperature within the usual limits of observations. This behavior has led to common acceptance of the concepts of “elastic limit” and “strength” of rocks, and these terms have been used frequently in reference to the behavior of rocks deep in the earth’s crust with the tacit assumption that such concepts apply under conditions of earth deformation without great change in form.
On the other hand, geological observations provide abundant evidence that rocks have exhibited a high degree of plasticity in . . .
Effect of Pressure on Phase Equilibria in Binary Condensed Systems
Authors: Gibson R. E. 
Published: April 2013

ContentsPageTable 131. Solubilities of different solids in water at atmospheric pressure1912. Effect of high pressures on the solubilities of certain salts in water at 25°C1933. Effect of pressure on the liquidus composition in the system dimethylaniline in monomethylaniline at 0°C1964. Effect of pressure on the eutectic temperature and composition in various systems197IllustrationsPageFigure 1.Effect of pressure on the solubility of certain substances in water1902. Pressure-composition equilibrium diagram for the system sodium chloride-water at 25°C1913. Pressure-composition equilibrium diagram for the system potassium sulfate-water at 25°C1924. Pressure-composition equilibrium diagram for the system ammonium nitrate-water at 25°C1925. Pressure-temperature relations for the equilibrium: sodium chloride dihydrate-sodium chloride-saturated solution1946. Pressure-temperature relations for the equilibrium: sodium sulfate decahydrate-sodium sulfate-saturated solution1957. Effect of pressure on the solubility, at 30°C., of m-dinitrobenzene in ethylacetate, and of naphthalene in tetrachloroethane1968. Effect of pressure on the temperature-composition equilibrium curves in the binary system aniline-phenol1999. Effect of pressure on the temperature-composition equilibrium curves in the binary system m-cresol-o-cresol20010. Solidus and liquidus curves at different pressures in the system p-dichlorobenzene-p-dibromobenzene20111. Effect of pressure on the temperature-composition curves in the system aniline-cyclohexane202
1. Adams, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 53, 3769 (1931).
2. Adams, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 54, 2229 (1932).
3. Adams and Gibson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 54, 4520 (1932).
4. Cohen and Sinnige, Z. physik. Chem. 67, . . .
Temperature-Pressure-Volume and Phase Relations of Water
Authors: Goranson Roy W. 
Published: April 2013

ContentsPageTable 141. Triple points2052. Equilibrium between two solid phases2063. Melting curves207Specific volume of liquid water:4.1. From 0° to 350°C.; 1 to 1000 bars2084.2. From −20° to 100°C.; 1 to 12,000 bars2084.3. At 25°C.; 1 to 12,000 bars2094.4. From 25° to 85°C.; 1, 500, and 1000 bars2095. Liquid-vapor saturation curve; heat of vaporization210Specific volume of water vapor:6.1. From 100° to 650°C.; 1 to 2000 bars2116.2. From 700° to 1200°C.; 50 to 4000 bars2117. Heat capacity of air-free water212
The data for specific volume are presented in separate tables rather than in a single composite because they are not all of equal accuracy. In order to express the results as a single composite, it would be necessary to assign statistical probabilities to each set of data, a procedure which at present would be arbitrary and unwarranted. Furthermore, no single set of data can be treated as self-consistent—i.e., as of uniform accuracy, and the change in experimental error with variations of temperature and pressure may at times have taken place in an unrecognized manner. Correction factors worked out for small overlaps cannot, therefore, be safely extrapolated over large areas.
In this section temperature is expressed in degrees centigrade, pressure in bars, and volumes or changes in volume in cubic centimeters per gram. Although there seems to be no apparent uniformity of usage with respect to large . . .
Thermal Conductivity and Diffusivity
Authors: Birch Francis 
Published: April 2013

ContentsPageTable 171. Thermal conductivity of cubic single crystals2452. Conductivity of crystal powders cemented by compression to 8000 atmospheres2473. Thermal conductivity of noncubic single crystals2484. Thermal conductivity of rocks2514.1. Effect of wetting and of simple compression on the thermal conductivity of certain rocks2585. Thermal conductivity of soil, snow, ice2596. Thermal conductivity of glass2607. Conductivity of a few common metals2628. Thermal conductivity of miscellaneous materials2639. Thermal conductivity of some common liquids, as function of pressure and temperature26510. Effect of hydrostatic pressure upon the thermal conductivity of solids266
In an isotropic homogeneous material the conduction of heat depends upon a single “constant” of the material, known as the thermal conductivity; this “constant” is a function of temperature, pressure, and other variables. The quantity of heat dQ conducted in unit time across an element of surface dS is given by the fundamental relation, dQ=−KdTdndS where K is the conductivity and dT/dn the gradient of the temperature in the direction of the normal to the surface element dS. Two “ c.g.s.” units of heat are in common use; the calorie (gram-calorie) and the joule; 1 calorie equals 4.185 joules. Using the centimeter, second, and Centigrade temperature scale, the corresponding units for thermal conductivity are the cal.·sec.−1cm.−1deg.−1 and the watt.·cm.−1deg.−1 (1 watt equals 1 joule/sec.). 1 cal.⋅sec.−1cm.−1deg.−1=4.185 watt⋅cm.−1deg.−11 watt⋅cm.−1deg.−1=0.239 cal.⋅sec.−1cm.−1deg.−1
A unit sometimes encountered in engineering work is the British thermal unit per square foot per hour for . . .
The Major Reverse Transcriptase–Incompetent Splice Variant of the Human Telomerase Protein Inhibits Telomerase Activity but Protects from Apoptosis
Authors: Listerman Imke , Sun Jie , Gazzaniga Francesca S. , Lukas Jason L. , Blackburn Elizabeth H. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT; the catalytic protein subunit of telomerase) is subjected to numerous alternative splicing events, but the regulation and function of these splice variants is obscure. Full-length hTERT includes conserved domains that encode reverse transcriptase activity, RNA binding, and other functions. The major splice variant termed α+β− or β-deletion is highly expressed in stem and cancer cells, where it codes for a truncated protein lacking most of the reverse transcriptase domain but retaining the known RNA-binding motifs. In a breast cancer cell panel, we found that β-deletion was the hTERT transcript that was most highly expressed. Splicing of this transcript was controlled by the splice regulators SRSF11, HNRNPH2, and HNRNPL, and the β-deletion transcript variant was associated with polyribosomes in cells. When ectopically overexpressed, β-deletion protein competed for binding to telomerase RNA (hTR/TERC), thereby inhibiting endogenous telomerase activity. Overexpressed β-deletion protein localized to the nucleus and mitochondria and protected breast cancer cells from cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Our results reveal that a major hTERT splice variant can confer a growth advantage to cancer cells independent of telomere maintenance, suggesting that hTERT makes multiple contributions to cancer pathophysiology. Cancer Res; 73(9); 2817–28. ©2013 AACR.
Notch3 Functions as a Tumor Suppressor by Controlling Cellular Senescence
Authors: Cui Hang , Kong Yahui , Xu Mei , Zhang Hong 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Notch signaling regulates a broad spectrum of cell fate decisions and differentiation. Both oncogenic and tumor suppressor functions have been shown for Notch signaling. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of its tumor suppressor function. Here, we report that expression of Notch3, a member of Notch family transmembrane receptors, was elevated in human cells during senescence activated by various senescence-inducing stimuli. This upregulation of Notch3 was required for the induction of p21 expression in senescent cells. Downregulation of Notch3 led to a delayed onset of senescence and extended replicative lifespan, whereas adventitious expression of Notch3 was sufficient to activate senescence and p21 expression. The ability of Notch3 to induce senescence and p21 expression was dependent on the canonical Notch singling. Deletion of p21 in cells significantly attenuated Notch3-induced senescence. Furthermore, a significant decrease in Notch3 expression was observed in human tumor cell lines as well as primary human breast cancer and melanoma samples compared with normal tissues. Restoration of Notch3 expression in human tumor cells resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation and activation of senescence. Collectively, our results reveal a novel function of Notch3 in senescence regulation and tumor suppression. Cancer Res; 73(11); 3451–9. ©2013 AACR.
Viewing the Workload of Vigilance Through the Lenses of the NASA-TLX and the MRQ
Authors: Finomore Victor S. , Shaw Tyler H. , Warm Joel S. , Matthews Gerald , Boles David B. 
Published: April 2013

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a new index of perceived mental workload, the Multiple Resource Questionnaire (MRQ), with the standard measure of workload used in the study of vigilance, the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX). Background: The NASA-TLX has been used extensively to demonstrate that vigilance tasks impose a high level of workload on observers. However, this instrument does not specify the information-processing resources needed for task performance. The MRQ offers a tool to measure the workload associated with vigilance assignments in which such resources can be identified. Method: Two experiments were performed in which factors known to influence task demand were varied. Included were the detection of stimulus presence or absence, detecting critical signals by means of successive-type (absolute judgment) and simultaneous-type (comparative judgment) discriminations, and operating under multitask vs. single-task conditions. Results: The MRQ paralleled the NASA-TLX in showing that vigilance tasks generally induce high levels of workload and that workload scores are greater in detecting stimulus absence than presence and in making successive as compared to simultaneous-type discriminations. Additionally, the MRQ was more effective than the NASA-TLX in reflecting higher workload in the context of multitask than in single-task conditions. The resource profiles obtained with MRQ fit well with the nature of the vigilance tasks employed, testifying to the scale’s content validity. Conclusion: The MRQ may be a meaningful addition to the NASA-TLX for measuring the workload of vigilance assignments. Application: By uncovering knowledge representation associated with different tasks, the MRQ may aid in designing operational vigilance displays.
Ldb1-nucleated transcription complexes function as primary mediators of global erythroid gene activation
Authors: Li LiQi , Freudenberg Johannes , Cui Kairong , Dale Ryan , Song Sang-Hyun , Dean Ann , Zhao Keji , Jothi Raja , Love Paul E. 
Published: April 2013

Key Points
Ldb1 complexes bind to and positively regulate the expression of a large number of erythroid genes including most known Gata1-regulated genes. Ldb1 complexes and Klf1 frequently bind together and coregulate erythroid gene expression.