bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subtle structural change demonstrated on T2-weighted images after clipping of unruptured intracranial aneurysm: negative effects on cognitive performance
Authors: Inoue Tomohiro , Ohwaki Kazuhiro , Tamura Akira , Tsutsumi Kazuo , Saito Isamu , Saito Nobuhito 
Published: January 2014

Object
The mechanisms underlying neurocognitive changes after surgical clipping of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate factors that determine postoperative cognitive decline after UIA surgery.

Methods
Data from 109 patients who underwent surgical clipping of a UIA were retrospectively evaluated. These patients underwent neuropsychological examinations (NPEs), including assessment by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition and the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised before and 6 months after surgical clipping of the UIA. Results of NPEs were converted into z scores, from which pre- and postoperative cognitive composite scores (CSpre and CSpost) were obtained. The association between the change in CS between pre- and postoperative NPEs (that is, CSpost − CSpre [CSpost − pre]) and various variables was assessed. These latter variables included surgical approach (anterior interhemispheric approach or other approach), structural change evidenced on T2-weighted imaging at 6 months, somatosensory evoked potential amplitude decrease greater than 50% during aneurysm manipulation, preexisting multiple ischemic lesions in the lacunar region detected on preoperative T2-weighted imaging, and total microsurgical time. Paired t-tests of the NPE scores were performed to determine the net effect of these factors on neurocognitive function at 6 months.

Results
A significant CSpost − pre decrease was observed in patients with a structural change on postoperative T2-weighted imaging when compared with those without such a change on postoperative T2-weighted imaging (−0.181 vs 0.043, p = 0.012). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that postoperative T2-weighted imaging change independently and negatively correlated with CSpost − pre (p = 0.0005). In group-rate analysis, postoperative NPE scores were significantly improved relative to preoperative scores.

Conclusions
Minimal structural damage visualized on T2-weighted images at 6 months as a result of factors such as pial/microvascular injury and excessive retraction during surgical manipulation could cause subtle but significant negative effects on postoperative neurocognitive function after surgical clipping of a UIA. However, this detrimental effect was small, and based on the group-rate analysis, the authors conclude that successful and meticulous surgical clipping of a UIA does not adversely affect postoperative cognitive function.
Pulpectomy procedures in primary molar teeth
Authors: Ahmed Hany Mohamed Aly 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPremature loss of primary molars can cause a number of undesirable consequences including loss of arch length, insufficient space for erupting premolars and mesial tipping of the permanent molars. Pulpectomy of primary molar teeth is considered as a reasonable treatment approach to ensure either normal shedding or a long-term survival in instances of retention. Despite being a more conservative treatment option than extraction, efficient pulpectomy of bizarre and tortuous root canals encased in roots programmed for physiologic resorption that show close proximity to developing permanent tooth buds presents a critical endodontic challenge. This article aims to provide an overview of this treatment approach, including partial and total pulpectomy, in primary molar teeth. In addition, the recommended guidelines that should be followed, and the current updates that have been developed, while commencing total pulpectomy in primary molars are discussed.
Cytogenetic biomonitoring of premalignant and malignant oral lesions by micronuclei assessment: A screening evaluation
Authors: Khanna Shally , Purwar Anupam , Singh Narendra Nath , Sreedhar Gadiputi , Singh Shailendra , Bhalla Saurabh 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Background: Micronuclei (MN) are extracytoplasmic nuclear bodies, which are induced in cells by numerous genotoxic agents that damage the chromosomes. The damaged chromosomes in the form of acentric chromatids or chromosome fragments lag behind in anaphase when centric elements move towards the spindle poles, and thus leads to the formation of secondary nuclei called MN, which are also transmitted to the daughter cells. In oral exfoliated cells these MN are induced by variety of carcinogenic compounds like tobacco, betel nut, and alcohol; which have been suggested to be the most common cause of premalignant lesion conditions and oral cancer, and thus can be used as a biomarker for cytogenetic damage. Objectives: To evaluate and compare the frequency of MN in Papanicolaou (PAP) stained smears of oral exfoliated cells from healthy control, leukoplakia, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) group in a small population of eastern Uttar Pradesh. Materials and Methods: Cytological smears were prepared from buccal mucosa of healthy control, leukoplakia patients, and SCC group and stained with PAP stain. Slides were screened, and micronucleated cells were counted out of thousand and compared in different groups. Results: Mean MN count was highest for the SCC group (10.13), followed by leukoplakia group (6.15), and lowest for healthy controls (3.28); with count ranging from 7-14, 4-8, and 2-4, respectively. Tukey′s HSD and ROC analysis showed the intergroup differences were significant statistically (P < 0.05) and thus, mean MN density seems to be a useful tool for differential diagnosis with high accuracy. Conclusion: MN were higher in SCC than in leukoplakia and healthy control, moreover. Hence, MN assay can be used as an important biomarker for cytogenetic damage in oral leukoplakia and SCC.
Transparent tooth model: A study of root canal morphology using different reagents
Authors: Gupta Bhavana , Tiwari Babusha , Raj Vineet , Kashyap Bina , Chandra Shaleen , Dwivedi Nidhi 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Background: The complexity of root canal morphology has fascinated the imaginations of many. Several techniques have been tried in the past to view the three-dimensional anatomy of the pulp canal system with varied success. It has been hypothesized in the present study that a combination of decalcifying agent and clearing agent can be used to prepare transparent tooth model. Aims: The aim of the present study was to access the efficacy of two decalcifying agent (formic acid and nitric acid) and two clearing agents (methyl salicylate and eugenol) to prepare transparent tooth model. Materials and Methods: The study material included 80 freshly extracted teeth both maxillary and mandibular. After decalcifying and clearing of the specimen, they were graded for transparency and haziness criteria. Results: The results of the present study indicated that methyl salicylate when used as a clearing agent showed better transparency, lower level of haziness and good root canal morphology. On the other hand samples cleared by eugenol showed good root canal morphology but lesser transparency and higher degree of haziness and yellowing of samples, more so when used in combination with nitric acid. Conclusion: It was concluded by the present study that combination of nitric acid when used with methyl salicylate proved to be the best combination for the preparation of the transparent tooth model.
Implant O-ring Attachment used for Tooth-borne Overdenture
Authors: Guttal Satyabodh S 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
The lack of retention in complete dentures is a common complaint. The incorporation of the tooth supported overdenture in prosthodontics offers improvements related to patient satisfaction and masticatory capacity compared to the conventional complete denture. Retention of the roots of one or more teeth for overdenture offers the patient a lot of advantages like better stability, proprioception and support among a few. When rehabilitation with a fixed/removable implant- supported prosthesis is not a possible option due to medical contraindication or financial constraints, a tooth supported over denture retained and stabilized with attachment can be proposed as a reliable and cost effective treatment for denture patients. This article presents a clinical report where the O-ring attachment along with bar is used to aid in retention and stability of a maxillary tooth supported overdenture.

How to cite this article
Yadav B, Guttal SS. Implant O-ring Attachment used for Tooth-borne Overdenture. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2013;3(3):115-119.
Prosthodontic Rehabilitation of Cleft Lip and Palate Patients using Conventional Methods: A Case Series
Authors: Yuzugullu Bulem , Acar Ozlem , Kaya Burcak , Saka Muhammet 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
This case series describes prosthodontic management of seven cleft-lip-and-palate patients with different cleft deformities, gender and age. Patients were rehabilitated using conventional prosthesis. Five patients in whose maxillary arch was orthodontically expanded were treated with a combination of fixed and removable partial dentures with precision attachments. Two patients, who did not maxillary collapse were treated with metal-ceramic fixed-partial-dentures. All patients were followed up to two years. When there are limitations for secondary bone- grafting and implants, conventional approaches provide good physiologic, functional and esthetic outcomes with care taken to prevent maxillary relapse in treating these patients.

How to cite this article
Acar O, Kaya B, Saka M, Yuzugullu B. Prosthodontic Rehabilitation of Cleft Lip and Palate Patients using Conventional Methods: A Case Series. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2013;3(3):120-124.
Globalización de la educacion superior en Paraguay
Authors: Recalde Hugo Alfredo , Lusardi Willian Cantero , Acosta Juan Angel Jara 
Published: January 2014

El inicio del desarrollo e innovación del sistema de Educación Superior en Paraguay nació en el año 1889 con la creación de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción, siendo la primera universidad Nacional en el país y en 1960 la Universidad Católica Nuestra Señora de la Asunción, la primera universidad privada; desde entonces fue postergada la creación de Universidades en Paraguay por más de 100 años, causa el sistema de gobierno político implementado en aquel entonces, al no haber centro de estudios especializados también se postergo el desarrollo intelectual de las personas, desde 1989 con la caída del sistema dictatorial se han abierto un abanico de posibilidades con la apertura de universidades privadas y públicas. Actualmente el Paraguay cuenta con 52 universidades en pleno funcionamiento de las cuales, 8 son universidades públicas y 44 de administración privada, a esto podemos agregar un total de 11 carreras acreditadas a nivel MERCOSUR, certificaciones otorgadas mediante el Sistema de Acreditación Regional de Carreras Universitarias (ARCU-SUR), por la Agencia Nacional de Evaluación y Acreditación de la Educación Superior (ANEAES). Es evidente el cambio cuali – cuantitativo experimentado por el sistema de Educación Superior en Paraguay, acompañando de la mano a las tecnologías de la información y la educación que hacen una Globalización eficaz y eficiente del conocimiento.
Metabolic Alterations, Vascular Disease and Advanced Prostate Cancer: New Players for Metastatic Advanced Prostate Cancer?
Authors: Simona Di Francesco  , Raffaele L. Tenaglia  
Published: January 2014

Introduction: Epidemiologic studies have implicated metabolic imbalance in prostate cancer (PCa) aggressiveness, nevertheless no clear consensus has been reached. The aim of the research was to investigate the association of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and vascular disease in advanced PCa with and without bone metastases. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 66 patients with diagnosis of advanced PCa between 2005 and 2009 was conducted. We examined hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and vascular disease in 25 patients with advanced PCa and bone metastases versus 41 patients with advanced non-metastatic PCa. Men with incomplete data available, history of hormone therapy or chemotherapy, vascular surgery or other anticancer therapies were excluded. Results:Hypertensionwas significantly linked to advanced PCa with bone metastases (OR 4.5, p = 0.01). Hypercholesterolemia also was significantly associated with aggressive metastatic PCa (OR 3.28, p = 0.01). A significant association was noted between metastatic PCa and vascular disease (OR 3.8, p = 0.04). Conclusions:In our study,hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and vascular disease were significantly related to advanced metastatic PCa. Further research should elucidate these relations in larger samples to confirm these associations and to stabilize future prevention strategies.
Atezolizumab Before and After Chemoradiation for Unresectable Stage III Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Ross Helen J. , Kozono David , Wang Xiaofei F. , Urbanic James John , Williams Terence M. , Nelson Garth D. , Carbone David P. , Chung Dongjun , Robb Ryan , Byun Woo Yul , Talabere Tiffany , DuFrane Carter , Bara Ilze , Schulze Katja , Brockman Michelle , Gao Junheng , Vokes Everett E. , Stinchcombe Thomas E. 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceOutcomes for patients with unresectable stage III non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with chemoradiation therapy (CRT) have improved with adjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors, with a reported 5-year overall survival benefit of approximately 10% for adjuvant durvalumab vs placebo after completion of CRT without progression and with preserved performance status. Starting atezolizumab prior to CRT may allow more patients to benefit from immunotherapy.ObjectiveTo evaluate clinical outcomes of patients treated with atezolizumab before and after CRT for unresectable stage III NSCLC.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis single-cohort, phase II, nonrandomized controlled trial was conducted at 11 US sites. Patients with pathologically confirmed, unresectable stage III NSCLC who were treatment naive and had good performance status were enrolled between January 3, 2018, and July 24, 2019. Data were locked on March 21, 2023.InterventionsPatients received four 21-day cycles of atezolizumab, 1200 mg intravenously, with therapy administered on day 1 of each cycle. Patients not experiencing tumor progression continued to CRT (60 Gy to involved fields) concurrent with weekly carboplatin area under the curve of 2 and paclitaxel, 50 mg/m2, followed by planned consolidation carboplatin area under the curve of 6 and paclitaxel, 200 mg/m2, for two 21-day cycles. Patients not experiencing progression continued atezolizumab, 1200 mg, every 21 days to complete 1 year of therapy.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary end point was the disease control rate at 12 weeks. Secondary end points were progression-free survival, overall survival, overall response rate, safety, and translational science end points.ResultsA total of 62 patients (median [range] age, 63.9 [38.1-86.5] years; 32 female [51.6%]) were enrolled and received at least 1 dose of atezolizumab. The disease control rate at 12 weeks was 74.2% (80% CI, 65.7%-81.4%). Median progression-free survival was 30.0 months (95% CI, 15.8 to not evaluable), and the median overall survival was not reached. The overall survival rate at 24 months was 73.7% (95% CI, 63.4%-85.7%), and the overall response rate was 66.2%. Seventeen patients (27.4%) experienced grade 3 or higher immune-related adverse events, including 1 with grade 5 pneumonitis and 1 with grade 4 Guillain-Barré syndrome. Thirty patients (48.4%) experienced grade 3 or higher treatment-related adverse events.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that neoadjuvant atezolizumab merits further study based on safety and encouraging outcomes.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03102242
Bilateral Mastectomy and Breast Cancer Mortality
Authors: Giannakeas Vasily , Lim David W. , Narod Steven A. 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceThe benefit of bilateral mastectomy for women with unilateral breast cancer in terms of deaths from breast cancer has not been shown.ObjectivesTo estimate the 20-year cumulative risk of breast cancer mortality among women with stage 0 to stage III unilateral breast cancer according to the type of initial surgery performed.Design, Settings, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program registry database to identify women with unilateral breast cancer (invasive and ductal carcinoma in situ) who were diagnosed from 2000 to 2019. Three closely matched cohorts of equal size were generated using 1:1:1 matching according to surgical approach. The cohorts were followed up for 20 years for contralateral breast cancer and for breast cancer mortality. The analysis compared the 20-year cumulative risk of breast cancer mortality for women treated with lumpectomy vs unilateral mastectomy vs bilateral mastectomy. Data were analyzed from October 2023 to February 2024.ExposuresType of breast surgery performed (lumpectomy, unilateral mastectomy, or bilateral mastectomy).Main Outcomes and MeasuresContralateral breast cancer or breast cancer mortality during the 20-year follow-up period among the groups treated with lumpectomy vs unilateral mastectomy vs bilateral mastectomy.ResultsThe study sample included 661 270 women with unilateral breast cancer (mean [SD] age, 58.7 [11.3] years). After matching, there were 36 028 women in each of the 3 treatment groups. During the 20-year follow-up, there were 766 contralateral breast cancers observed in the lumpectomy group, 728 contralateral breast cancers in the unilateral mastectomy group, and 97 contralateral cancers in the bilateral mastectomy group. The 20-year risk of contralateral breast cancer was 6.9% (95% CI, 6.1%-7.9%) in the lumpectomy-unilateral mastectomy group. The cumulative breast cancer mortality was 32.1% at 15 years after developing a contralateral cancer and was 14.5% for those who did not develop a contralateral cancer (hazard ratio, 4.00; 95% CI, 3.52-4.54, using contralateral breast cancer as a time-dependent covariate). Deaths from breast cancer totaled 3077 women (8.54%) in the lumpectomy group, 3269 women (9.07%) in the unilateral mastectomy group, and 3062 women (8.50%) in the bilateral mastectomy group.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cohort study indicates that the risk of dying of breast cancer increases substantially after experiencing a contralateral breast cancer. Women with breast cancer treated with bilateral mastectomy had a greatly diminished risk of contralateral breast cancer; however, they experienced similar mortality rates as patients treated with lumpectomy or unilateral mastectomy.
Severe Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome in an Astronaut With 2 Predisposing Factors
Authors: Brunstetter Tyson J. , Zwart Sara R. , Brandt Keith , Brown David M. , Clemett Simon J. , Douglas Grace L. , Gibson C. Robert , Laurie Steven S. , Lee Andrew G. , Macias Brandon R. , Mader Thomas H. , Mason Sara S. , Meir Jessica U. , Morgan Andrew R. , Nelman Mayra , Patel Nimesh , Sams Clarence , Suresh Rahul , Tarver William , Tsung Ann , Van Baalen Mary G. , Smith Scott M. 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceUnderstanding potential predisposing factors associated with spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) may influence its management.ObjectiveTo describe a severe case of SANS associated with 2 potentially predisposing factors.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsOcular testing of and blood collections from a female astronaut were completed preflight, inflight, and postflight in the setting of the International Space Station (ISS).ExposureWeightlessness throughout an approximately 6-month ISS mission. Mean carbon dioxide (CO2) partial pressure decreased from 2.6 to 1.3 mm Hg weeks before the astronaut’s flight day (FD) 154 optical coherence tomography (OCT) session. In response to SANS, 4 B-vitamin supplements (vitamin B6, 100 mg; L-methylfolate, 5 mg; vitamin B12, 1000 μg; and riboflavin, 400 mg) were deployed, unpacked on FD153, consumed daily through FD169, and then discontinued due to gastrointestinal discomfort.Main Outcomes and MeasuresRefraction, distance visual acuity (DVA), optic nerve, and macular assessment on OCT.ResultsCycloplegic refraction was −1.00 diopter in both eyes preflight and +0.50 − 0.25 × 015 in the right eye and +1.00 diopter in the left eye 3 days postflight. Uncorrected DVA was 20/30 OU preflight, 20/16 or better by FD90, and 20/15 OU 3 days postflight. Inflight peripapillary total retinal thickness (TRT) peaked between FD84 and FD126 (right eye, 401 μm preflight, 613 μm on FD84; left eye, 404 μm preflight, 636 μm on FD126), then decreased. Peripapillary choroidal folds, quantified by surface roughness, peaked at 12.7 μm in the right eye on FD154 and 15.0 μm in the left eye on FD126, then decreased. Mean choroidal thickness increased throughout the mission. Genetic analyses revealed 2 minor alleles for MTRR 66 and 2 major alleles for SHMT1 1420 (ie, 4 of 4 SANS risk alleles). One-week postflight, lumbar puncture opening pressure was normal, at 19.4 cm H2O.Conclusions and RelevanceTo the authors’ knowledge, no other report of SANS documented as large of a change in peripapillary TRT or hyperopic shift during a mission as in this astronaut, and this was only 1 of 4 astronauts to experience chorioretinal folds approaching the fovea. This case showed substantial inflight improvement greater than the sensitivity of the measure, possibly associated with B-vitamin supplementation and/or reduction in cabin CO2. However, as a single report, such improvement could be coincidental to these interventions, warranting further evaluation.
Effect of modulation factor and low dose threshold level on gamma pass rates of single isocenter multi‐target SRT treatment plans
Authors: Timakova Elena , Zavgorodni Sergei F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeSRS MapCHECK (SMC) is a commercially available patient‐specific quality assurance (PSQA) tool for stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) applications. This study investigates the effects of degree of modulation, location off‐axis, and low dose threshold (LDT) selection on gamma pass rates (GPRs) between SMC and treatment planning system, Analytical Anisotropic Algorithm (AAA), or Vancouver Island Monte Carlo (VMC++ algorithm) system calculated dose distributions.MethodsVolumetric‐modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans with modulation factors (MFs) ranging from 2.7 to 10.2 MU/cGy were delivered to SMC at isocenter and 6 cm off‐axis. SMC measured dose distributions were compared against AAA and VMC++ via gamma analysis (3%/1 mm) with LDT of 10% to 80% using SNC Patient software.ResultsComparing on‐axis SMC dose against AAA and VMC++ with LDT of 10%, all AAA‐calculated plans met the acceptance criteria of GPR ≥ 90%, and only one VMC++ calculated plan was marginally outside the acceptance criteria with pass rate of 89.1%. Using LDT of 80% revealed decreasing GPR with increasing MF. For AAA, GPRs reduced from 100% at MF of 2.7 MU/cGy to 57% at MF of 10.2 MU/cGy, and for VMC++ calculated plans, the GPRs reduced from 89% to 60% in the same MF range. Comparison of SMC dose off‐axis against AAA and VMC++ showed more pronounced reduction of GPR with increasing MF. For LDT of 10%, AAA GPRs reduced from 100% to 83% in the MF range of 2.7 to 9.8 MU/cGy, and VMC++ GPR reduced from 100% to 91% in the same range. With 80% LDT, GPRs dropped from 100% to 42% for both algorithms.ConclusionsMF, dose calculation algorithm, and LDT selections are vital in VMAT‐based SRT PSQA. LDT of 80% enhances sensitivity of gamma analysis for detecting dose differences compared to 10% LDT. To achieve better agreement between calculated and SMC dose, it is recommended to limit the MF to 4.6 MU/cGy on‐axis and 3.6 MU/cGy off‐axis.