bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive‐Behavioral Treatment for Comorbid Insomnia and Osteoarthritis Pain in Primary Care: The Lifestyles Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Vitiello Michael V. , McCurry Susan M. , Shortreed Susan M. , Balderson Benjamin H. , Baker Laura D. , Keefe Francis J. , Rybarczyk Bruce D. , Von Korff Michael 
Published: May 2013

ObjectivesTo assess whether older persons with osteoarthritis (OA) pain and insomnia receiving cognitive–behavioral therapy for pain and insomnia (CBT‐PI), a cognitive–behavioral pain coping skills intervention (CBT‐P), and an education‐only control (EOC) differed in sleep and pain outcomes.DesignDouble‐blind, cluster‐randomized controlled trial with 9‐month follow‐up.SettingGroup Health and University of Washington, 2009 to 2011.ParticipantsThree hundred sixty‐seven older adults with OA pain and insomnia.InterventionsSix weekly group sessions of CBT‐PI, CBT‐P, or EOC delivered in participants' primary care clinics.MeasurementsPrimary outcomes were insomnia severity and pain severity. Secondary outcomes were actigraphically measured sleep efficiency and arthritis symptoms.ResultsCBT‐PI reduced insomnia severity (score range 0–28) more than EOC (adjusted mean difference = −1.89, 95% confidence interval = −2.83 to −0.96; P < .001) and CBT‐P (adjusted mean difference = −2.03, 95% CI = −3.01 to −1.04; P < .001) and improved sleep efficiency (score range 0–100) more than EOC (adjusted mean difference = 2.64, 95% CI = 0.44–4.84; P = .02). CBT‐P did not improve insomnia severity more than EOC, but improved sleep efficiency (adjusted mean difference = 2.91, 95% CI = 0.85–4.97; P = .006). Pain severity and arthritis symptoms did not differ between the three arms. A planned analysis in participants with severe baseline pain revealed similar results.ConclusionOver 9 months, CBT of insomnia was effective for older adults with OA pain and insomnia. The addition of CBT for insomnia to CBT for pain alone improved outcomes.
Single‐Leg Squats Identify Independent Stair Negotiation Ability in Older Adults Referred for a Physiotherapy Mobility Assessment at a Rural Hospital
Authors: Hockings Rowena L. , Schmidt David D. , Cheung Christopher W. 
Published: May 2013

ObjectivesTo determine whether single‐leg squats identify ability to negotiate stairs in older adults at a rural hospital.DesignCross‐sectional analytical study.SettingAcute wards and emergency department of a rural hospital in Australia.ParticipantsA systematic sample of 143 older adults (72 men, 71 women, 80.0 ± 6.8 years) from the emergency department or acute wards of Shoalhaven Hospital referred for a physiotherapy mobility assessment.MeasurementsAbility to complete up to three single‐leg squats and negotiate up to three steps were measured. Covariates and demographic variables were collected.ResultsThe squat test had 86% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value, and 49% negative predictive value in correctly identifying stair negotiation ability. Participants who could complete single‐leg squats were 57 times more likely to be able to independently negotiate stairs than participants who could not complete squats. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that walker use, pain severity and whether participants lived alone were significant and independent predictors of ability to negotiate stairs independently.ConclusionSingle‐leg squats may be an accurate identifier of stair negotiation ability in older adults admitted to the hospital for an acute illness or injury. A traditional stairs assessment would be required if older adults were unable to complete the squat test or had moderate to severe pain, used a walker to ambulate, or did not live alone. The squat test is a potentially more‐efficient assessment tool than traditional stair assessments in determining an individual's ability to negotiate stairs and suitability for discharge where poor mobility is a problem.
Nutritional rehabilitation after ICU – does it happen: a qualitative interview and observational study
Authors: Merriweather Judith , Smith Pam , Walsh Timothy 
Published: May 2013

Aims and objectivesTo compare and contrast current nutritional rehabilitation practices against recommendations from National Institute for Health and Excellence guideline Rehabilitation after critical illness (NICE) (2009, http://www.nice.org.uk/cg83).BackgroundRecovery from critical illness has gained increasing prominence over the last decade but there is remarkably little research relating to nutritional rehabilitation.DesignThe study is a qualitative study based on patient interviews and observations of ward practice.MethodsSeventeen patients were recruited into the study at discharge from the intensive care unit (ICU) of a large teaching hospital in central Scotland in 2011. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted on transfer to the ward and weekly thereafter. Fourteen of these patients were followed up at three months post‐ICU discharge, and a semi‐structured interview was carried out. Observations of ward practice were carried out twice weekly for the duration of the ward stay.ResultsCurrent nutritional practice for post‐intensive care patients did not reflect the recommendations from the NICE guideline. A number of organisational issues were identified as influencing nutritional care. These issues were categorised as ward culture, service‐centred delivery of care and disjointed discharge planning. Their influence on nutritional care was compounded by the complex problems associated with critical illness.ConclusionsThe NICE guideline provides few nutrition‐specific recommendations for rehabilitation; however, current practice does not reflect the nutritional recommendations that are detailed in the rehabilitation care pathway.Relevance to clinical practiceNutritional care of post‐ICU patients is problematic and strategies to overcome these issues need to be addressed in order to improve nutritional intake.
Structural Shifts in Credit Rating Standards
Authors: ALP AYSUN 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTI examine the time‐series variation in corporate credit rating standards from 1985 to 2007. A divergent pattern exists between investment‐grade and speculative‐grade rating standards from 1985 to 2002 as investment‐grade standards tighten and speculative‐grade loosen. In 2002, a structural shift occurs toward more stringent ratings. Holding characteristics constant, firms experience a drop of 1.5 notches in ratings due to tightened standards from 2002 to 2007. Credit spread tests suggest that the variation in standards is not completely due to changes in the economic climate. Rating standards affect credit spreads. Loose ratings are associated with higher default rates.
Elevated level of serum growth differentiation factor 15 is associated with oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Yang Cheng‐Zhe , Ma Jie , Luo Qing‐Qiong , Neskey David M. , Zhu Dong‐Wang , Liu Ying , Myers Jeffrey N. , Zhang Chen‐Ping , Zhang Zhi‐Yuan , Zhong Lai‐Ping 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundAlthough molecular mechanism of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) in tumorigenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is not clear, the diagnostic and prognostic value of serum GDF15 detection has been noticed. However, serum GDF15 levels in patients with oral leukoplakia and GDF15 as a potential predictive biomarker for response to induction chemotherapy in patients with OSCC have not been reported.MethodsPretreatment serum GDF15 concentration was detected using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in 30 healthy persons, 24 patients with oral leukoplakia, and 60 patients with OSCC.ResultsSerum GDF15 concentration was significantly higher in patients with oral leukoplakia and OSCC, compared with healthy controls (F = 13.701, df = 2, P < 0.001). From a diagnostic standpoint, a cutoff value of 346.9 ng/l of serum GDF15 concentration was calculated using receiver operating characteristic curve, with a sensitivity of 0.750, specificity of 0.867, Youden's Index of 0.617, and area under curve of 0.863. From a prognostic standpoint, patients with serum GDF15 concentration <346.9 ng/l had an improved 3‐year disease‐free survival rate (64.3% vs 56.5%) compared with those above 346.9 ng/l, but the difference was not statistically significant. A decreased concentration of GDF15 (<346.9 ng/l) showed a predictive trend toward an improved response to induction chemotherapy compared with elevated concentration with clinical response rates of 100% and 71.4%, respectively, but the difference was not significant.ConclusionElevated GDF15 level may be not only a diagnostic biomarker for oral leukoplakia, but also a prognostic/predictive biomarker associated with decreased survival and diminished response to induction chemotherapy for patients with OSCC.
ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY, KNOWLEDGE FLOWS, AND INNOVATION IN U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS
Authors: Mukherji Nivedita , Silberman Jonathan 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTHigh growth and progressive regions possess a culture that promotes innovation. Innovation depends on a region's ability to use its own existing knowledge and knowledge generated elsewhere. This paper demonstrates the importance of the ability to absorb external knowledge in explaining innovation productivity for 106 U.S. metropolitan areas. Using a spatial interaction model of patent citation flows with origin and destination dependence, the destination fixed‐effects coefficients provides a measure of a region's absorptive capacity. We identify local conditions that shape a region's absorptive capacity and demonstrate it has a positive and significant impact on innovation productivity.
Dexamethasone-releasing cochlear implant coatings: application of artificial neural networks for modelling of formulation parameters and drug release profile
Authors: Nemati Pedram , Imani Mohammad , Farahmandghavi Farhid , Mirzadeh Hamid , Marzban-Rad Ehsan , Nasrabadi Ali Motie 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Objectives
Over the past few decades, mathematical modelling and simulation of drug delivery systems has been steadily gained interest as a focus for academic and industrial attention. Here, simulation of dexamethasone (DEX, a corticosteroid anti-inflammatory agent) release profile from drug-eluting cochlear implant coatings is reported using artificial neural networks.

Methods
The devices were fabricated as monolithic dispersions of the pharmaceutically active ingredient in a silicone rubber matrix. A two-phase exponential model was fitted on the experimentally obtained DEX release profiles. An artificial neural network (ANN) was trained to determine formulation parameters (i.e. DEX loading percentage, the devices surface area and their geometry) for a specific experimentally obtained drug release profile. In a reverse strategy, an ANN was trained for determining expected drug release profiles for the same set of formulation parameters.

Key findings
An algorithm was developed by combining the two previously developed ANNs in a serial manner, and this was successfully used for simulating the developed drug-eluting cochlear implant coatings. The models were validated by a leave-one-out method and performing new experiments.

Conclusions
The developed ANN algorithms were capable to bilaterally predict drug release profile for a known set of formulation parameters or find out the levels for input formulation parameters to obtain a desired DEX release profile.
Tense in Adjuncts Part 2: Temporal Adverbial Clauses
Authors: von Stechow Arnim , Grønn Atle 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPart 1 of this article treats tense in relative clauses in English, Russian and Japanese. The temporal center in relative clauses can always be anaphoric, and sometimes it has to be the anaphoric Tpro. In Part 2, we investigate tense in temporal adverbial clauses (TACs) headed by ‘after’, ‘before’ and ‘when’. We argue for the following points: 1. English TAC Tense is bound in Present adjuncts under matrix ‘will’, in other constructions the TAC Tense is deictic. Tense licensing is non‐local in bound constructions, while in deictic constructions it is local. 2. Russian TAC Tense is deictic, and the tense licensing is local. 3. Japanese TAC Tense is bound. We have a ‘tenseless’ construction in the adjunct, and tense licensing is local.
Tense in Adjuncts Part 1: Relative Clauses
Authors: von Stechow Arnim , Grønn Atle 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPart 1 of Tense in Adjuncts presents a compositional analysis of tense in relative clauses (RCs). The languages under investigation are English, Russian, and Japanese. We introduce the syntax and semantics of tense and the theory of feature transmission under variable binding, which mediates between syntax/semantics and morphology. In sequence of tense languages such as English, the morphology of the tense in a RC will be licensed by a non‐local tense if the RC is embedded under will. In other constructions, the RC tense is licensed by a local tense. In non‐sequence of tense languages, the tense in the RC is also determined by a local tense. The paper says which factors are responsible for the tense distribution in the different languages under consideration.
Structure of a translocation signal domain mediating conjugative transfer by type IV secretion systems
Authors: Redzej Adam , Ilangovan Aravindan , Lang Silvia , Gruber Christian J. , Topf Maya , Zangger Klaus , Zechner Ellen L. , Waksman Gabriel 
Published: May 2013

SummaryRelaxases are proteins responsible for the transfer of plasmid and chromosomal DNA from one bacterium to another during conjugation. They covalently react with a specific phosphodiester bond within DNA origin of transfer sequences, forming a nucleo‐protein complex which is subsequently recruited for transport by a plasmid‐encoded type IV secretion system. In previous work we identified the targeting translocation signals presented by the conjugative relaxase TraI of plasmid R1. Here we report the structure of TraI translocation signal TSA. In contrast to known translocation signals we show that TSA is an independent folding unit and thus forms a bona fide structural domain. This domain can be further divided into three subdomains with striking structural homology with helicase subdomains of the SF1B family. We also show that TSA is part of a larger vestigial helicase domain which has lost its helicase activity but not its single‐stranded DNA binding capability. Finally, we further delineate the binding site responsible for translocation activity of TSA by targeting single residues for mutations. Overall, this study provides the first evidence that translocation signals can be part of larger structural scaffolds, overlapping with translocation‐independent activities.
Lyme disease spirochaetes possess an aggrecan‐binding protease with aggrecanase activity
Authors: Russell Theresa M. , Johnson Barbara J. B. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryConnective tissues are the most common area of colonization for the Lyme disease spirochaete Borrelia burgdorferi. Colonization is aided by the interaction between numerous bacterial adhesins with components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Here we describe a novel interaction between B. burgdorferi and the major ECM proteoglycan found in joints, aggrecan. Using affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry we identify two borrelial aggrecan‐binding proteins: the known ECM ligand Bgp (BB0588) and an uncharacterized protease BbHtrA (BB0104). Proteinase K studies demonstrate that BbHtrA is surface exposed. Immunoblots using sera from patients with both early and late Lyme disease establish that BbHtrA is expressed during human disease, immunogenic, and conserved in the three major Lyme disease spirochaete species. Consequences of the interaction between aggrecan and BbHtrA were examined by proteolysis assays. BbHtrA cleaves aggrecan at a site known to destroy aggrecan function and which has been previously observed in the synovial fluid of patients with Lyme arthritis. These data demonstrate that B. burgdorferi possess aggrecan‐binding proteins which may provide the organism with additional capability to colonize connective tissues. Moreover, our studies provide the first evidence that B. burgdorferi possess proteolytic activity which may contribute to the pathogenesis of Lyme arthritis.
Posaconazole prophylaxis – impact on incidence of invasive fungal disease and antifungal treatment in haematological patients
Authors: Peterson Lisa , Ostermann Julia , Rieger Heidi , Ostermann Helmut , Rieger Christina Theresa 
Published: May 2013

SummarySince two large‐scale, randomised studies on posaconazole prophylaxis have demonstrated a clear benefit for patients at high risk for contracting invasive fungal disease (IFD), posaconazole prophylaxis has been adopted as standard of care for this patient collective. Several years on from implementation at our institution, we wanted to evaluate its impact on the incidence and use of empirical antifungal therapy in a real‐life setting. We analysed retrospectively incidence and severity of IFD in high‐risk patients with prophylaxis, using a historical cohort as comparator. A total of 200 patients had either received the extended spectrum triazole posaconazole in prophylactic dosage of 200 mg tid or empirical antifungal therapy. Disease events were analysed by application of the revised EORTC/MSG definitions for IFD. Before posaconazole prophylaxis, we recorded 57/100 cases of IFD which was reduced to 28/100 with prophylaxis. The empirical use of antifungal drugs was reduced to 41% from 91% in the non‐prophylaxis cohort. Furthermore, we observed a shift in the categorisation of IFD according to EORTC/MSG criteria. Our data suggest that posaconazole was effective in reducing the rate and probability of invasive fungal disease in high‐risk patients.
Adaptive support ventilation for complete ventilatory support in acute respiratory distress syndrome: A pilot, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Agarwal Ritesh , Srinivasan Arjun , Aggarwal Ashutosh N. , Gupta Dheeraj 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackground and objectiveLow tidal volume ventilation has been shown to improve survival in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Adaptive support ventilation (ASV), a closed‐loop ventilatory mode, can minimize the work of breathing, and thus potentially improve the outcomes in ARDS. The aim of this pilot, randomized clinical trial was to compare the outcomes of ASV versus volume‐cycled ventilation (VCV) in ARDS.MethodsPatients with ARDS were randomly allocated to either ASV or VCV. The primary outcomes were duration of mechanical ventilation, new‐onset organ dysfunction and hospital length of stay. The secondary outcomes were ease of use of the ventilator mode (assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS)), number of daily arterial blood gas analyses, daily requirements of sedative and neuromuscular blockers, and mortality.ResultsForty‐eight patients (28 males, 20 females) with ARDS were randomized to receive either ASV (n = 23) or VCV (n = 25) during the study period. The baseline characteristics were almost similar in the two groups. The duration of mechanical ventilation, delta sequential organ failure assessment scores, intensive care unit and hospital stay were comparable in the two groups. The mortality (VCV‐36% vs ASV‐34.7%), ease of use of mechanical ventilation, daily midazolam and vecuronium doses, and the number of arterial blood gas analyses performed were also similar in the two groups.ConclusionsThere was no significant difference in the outcomes of patients with ARDS ventilated with either VCV or ASV in this study.
Implications of Shifting Retail Market Shares for Loan Monitoring in a Dominant‐Bank Model
Authors: VanHoose David 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis study utilizes a dominant‐bank model to investigate whether an increase in retail loan and deposit‐market concentration increases the incentives for both dominant and fringe banks to monitor their loans and thereby improve the quality of their loan portfolios. It shows that the effects on banks' incentives to engage in monitoring aimed at eliminating loan default losses in response to increased concentration of retail market shares of loans and deposits depend critically on whether the banks' asset and liability choices are interdependent. When the asset and liability decisions of both dominant and fringe banks are independent, a shift in market shares in favor of the dominant bank generates a straightforward increase in the incentives of all banks to monitor their loans. Under portfolio interdependence, the effects on monitoring outcomes at dominant banks and at banks within the competitive fringe depend on more complicated configurations of parameters. This fact helps explain mixed empirical evidence on the relationships between bank competition and measures of bank risk and soundness.
Linking a prolonged Neo‐Tethyan magmatic arc in South Asia: Zircon U‐Pb and Hf isotopic constraints from the Lohit Batholith, NE India
Authors: Lin Te‐Hsien , Chung Sun‐Lin , Kumar Anil , Wu Fu‐Yuan , Chiu Han‐Yi , Lin I‐Jhen 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe Neo‐Tethyan subduction that operated before the India‐Asia collision resulted in an Andean‐type convergent margin in South Asia and was associated with extensive arc magmatism that formed the Transhimalayan batholiths. Magmatism in the Gangdese Batholith, the largest batholith exposed in the Lhasa terrane of southern Tibet, is considered to have lasted from the early Jurassic to Eocene. However, eastward correlation of the Gangdese Batholith is uncertain because it is truncated by the eastern Himalayan syntaxis. Here, we report new data from the Lohit Batholith, NE India, including: (i) zircon U‐Pb ages of five granitoids from ca. 148 to 96 Ma; and (ii) zircon Hf isotopes of these rocks that yield high and positive εHf(T) values. We argue that the Lohit Batholith is the eastward extension of the Gangdese Batholith, and can be correlated southward to the Wuntho‐Popa arc in West Burma, thus linking a prolonged Neo‐Tethyan magmatic arc system from southern Tibet to Southeast Asia.
Uncontrolled organ donation after circulatory death: potential donors in the emergency department
Authors: Reed Matthew James , Lua Stephanie Boon Hui 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundThe continuing shortfall of organs for transplantation has led to interest in Maastricht Category II (uncontrolled) Donation after Circulatory Death (DCD) organ donation. As preparation for a proposed pilot, this study aimed to explore the potential of uncontrolled DCD organ donation from patients presenting in cardiac arrest to the emergency department (ED) who are unsuccessfully resuscitated.MethodsWe identified all patients who died in our ED following unsuccessful resuscitation after cardiac arrest who were aged between 16 years and 60 years, whose collapse was witnessed, in whom the paramedics arrived within 15 min, whose death in the ED was less than 2 h after their collapse, who were on the organ donation register and who arrived in the ED during the working week (Monday to Friday between 9:00 and 17:00).ResultsDuring a 14-month period from 1 August 2008 to 30 September 2009, 564 patients had a cardiac arrest in the Lothian region. Four patients may have been eligible to participate in an uncontrolled DCD organ donation programme.ConclusionsIdentifying potential organ donors in the ED who are unsuccessfully resuscitated from cardiac arrest may contribute to reducing the shortfall of organs for transplantation, although numbers are likely to be small. If such a programme was to be introduced during weekday working hours, there may be around four donors a year. However, even one additional donor per year from hospitals across the UK with an ED and a transplantation service would add considerably to the overall organ donation rate.