bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reaktion von Weisstannen auf ein- bis mehrmaligen Verbiss entlang von Lichtgradienten
Authors: Kolly Anna Camille , Kupferschmid Andrea Doris 
Published: July 2014

Response of Abies alba saplings to single and repeated browsing along light gradients
Browsing of silver fir (Abies alba) saplings by ungulates is one of the most important issues concerning decreasing regeneration of this tree species. In addition to genetic drivers, environmental factors such as light availability play an important role for the response of a browsed tree. Using an experimental design with fences, we investigated the influence of natural browsing on tree growth along a light gradient. The few fir saplings that responded by flagging up a lateral shoot compensated the browsing induced height difference compared to unbrowsed trees within four vegetation periods. Most firs however reacted with new shoots and remained smaller than unbrowsed ones. The more often a fir sapling was damaged on its terminal shoot, the smaller the tree remained. A positive relation between tree height and light was found only up to a canopy openness of 11%. Mortality over the whole five years was high in low light (&lt;10%) and in forest gaps (&gt;15%), due to desiccation, competition with other plants or browsing (50% of total mortality). We recommend regenerating firs under moderately shaded conditions.
Bouturage sous brouillard. Critique des différentes techniques, résultats et applications d'un nouveau système (suite et fin)
Authors: Assaf Raphaël 
Published: July 2014

La présente étude constitue tout d'abord une mise au point des connaissances actuelles en matière de multiplication sous brouillard. Il existe quelques ouvrages généraux sur cette question, mais ils ont avant tout, un caractère de documentation.
Notre but était d'aborder le sujet sous l'angle à la fois physiologique «t pratique. Ceci nous a conduit à un assez long travail de bibliographie et à une discussion de certaines données paraissant contradictoires.
En dehors de ce travail de mise au point, dont le plan est donné au début de cette étude, un certain nombre de résultats nouveaux sont signalés, qui ont pu être obtenus girâce en particulier à l'installation que nous avons montée à Toulouse, laquelle sur divers points, diffère notablement des installations usuellles.
An Eligibility Criteria Query Language for Heterogeneous Data Warehouses
Authors: Taweel A. , Miles S. , Delaney B. C. , Bache R. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryIntroduction: This article is part of the Focus Theme of Methods of Information in Medicine on “Managing Interoperability and Complexity in Health Systems”.Objectives: The increasing availability of electronic clinical data provides great potential for finding eligible patients for clinical research. However, data heterogeneity makes it difficult for clinical researchers to interrogate sources consistently. Existing standard query languages are often not sufficient to query across diverse representations. Thus, a higher- level domain language is needed so that queries become data-representation agnostic. To this end, we define a clinician-readable computational language for querying whether patients meet eligibility criteria (ECs) from clinical trials. This language is capable of implementing the temporal semantics required by many ECs, and can be automatically evaluated on heterogeneous data sources.Methods: By reference to standards and examples of existing ECs, a clinician-readable query language was developed. Using a model-based approach, it was implemented to transform captured ECs into queries that interrogate heterogeneous data warehouses. The query language was evaluated on two types of data sources, each different in structure and content.Results: The query language abstracts the level of expressivity so that researchers construct their ECs with no prior knowledge of the data sources. It was evaluated on two types of semantically and structurally diverse data warehouses. This query language is now used to express ECs in the EHR4CR project. A survey shows that it was perceived by the majority of users to be useful, easy to understand and unambiguous.Discussion: An EC-specific language enables clinical researchers to express their ECs as a query such that the user is isolated from complexities of different heterogeneous clinical data sets. More generally, the approach demonstrates that a domain query language has potential for overcoming the problems of semantic interoperability and is applicable where the nature of the queries is well understood and the data is conceptually similar but in different representations.Conclusions: Our language provides a strong basis for use across different clinical domains for expressing ECs by overcoming the heterogeneous nature of electronic clinical data whilst maintaining semantic consistency. It is readily comprehensible by target users. This demonstrates that a domain query language can be both usable and interoperable.
cpDNA microsatellite markers for Lemna minor (Araceae): Phylogeographic implications
Authors: Wani Gowher A. , Shah Manzoor A. , Reshi Zafar A. , Atangana Alain R. , Khasa Damase P. 
Published: July 2014

• Premise of the study: A lack of genetic markers impedes our understanding of the population biology of Lemna minor. Thus, the development of appropriate genetic markers for L. minor promises to be highly useful for population genetic studies and for addressing other life history questions regarding the species.• Methods and Results: For the first time, we characterized nine polymorphic and 24 monomorphic chloroplast microsatellite markers in L. minor using DNA samples of 26 individuals sampled from five populations in Kashmir and of 17 individuals from three populations in Quebec. Initially, we designed 33 primer pairs, which were tested on genomic DNA from natural populations. Nine loci provided markers with two alleles. Based on genotyping of the chloroplast DNA fragments from 43 sampled individuals, we identified one haplotype in Quebec and 11 haplotypes in Kashmir, of which one occurs in 56% of the genotypes, one in 8%, and nine in 4%, respectively. There was a maximum of two alleles per locus.• Conclusions: These new chloroplast microsatellite markers for L. minor and haplotype distribution patterns indicate a complex phylogeographic history that merits further investigation.
Association of Bone Edema with the Progression of Bone Erosions Quantified by Hand Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis in Remission
Authors: Lisbona Maria Pilar , Pàmies Anna , Ares Jesús , Almirall Miriam , Navallas Maria , Solano Albert , Maymó Joan 
Published: July 2014

Objective.To evaluate the association of synovitis, bone marrow edema (BME), and tenosynovitis in the progression of erosions quantified by hand magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 1 year in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in remission.Methods.A total of 56 of 196 patients with early RA in remission at 1 year and with available MRI data at baseline and at 12 months were included. MRI images were assessed according to the Rheumatoid Arthritis Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scoring (RAMRIS) system. Persistent remission was defined as 28-joint Disease Activity Score-erythrocyte sedimentation rate ≤ 2.6 and/or Simplified Disease Activity Index ≤ 3.3 and/or the new boolean American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism remission criteria for a continuous period of at least 6 months. Progression of bone erosions was defined as an increase of 1 or more units in annual RAMRIS score for erosions compared to baseline.Results.At 1 year, the majority of patients with RA in sustained remission showed some inflammatory activity on MRI (94.6% synovitis, 46.4% BME, and 58.9% tenosynovitis) and 19 of the 56 patients (33.9%) showed MRI progression of bone erosions. A significant difference was observed in MRI BME at 1 year, with higher mean score in patients with progression compared to nonprogression of erosions (4.8 ± 5.6 and 1.4 ± 2.6, p = 0.03).Conclusion.Subclinical inflammation was identified by MRI in 96.4% of patients with RA in sustained clinical remission. Significantly higher scores of BME after sustained remission were observed in patients with progression of erosions compared to patients with no progression. The persistence of higher scores of BME may explain the progression of bone erosions in patients with persistent clinical remission.
Has the Severity of Rheumatoid Arthritis at Presentation Diminished Over Time?
Authors: Diffin Janet G. , Lunt Mark , Marshall Tarnya , Chipping Jacqueline R. , Symmons Deborah P.M. , Verstappen Suzanne M.M. 
Published: July 2014

Objective.To examine the pattern of disease severity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) at presentation to the Norfolk Arthritis Register (NOAR) over 20 years.Methods.NOAR is a primary-care–based cohort of patients with recent-onset inflammatory polyarthritis. At baseline, subjects are assessed and examined by a research nurse. The Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) is administered and the DAS28 (28-joint Disease Activity Score) is calculated. Information is collected on disease-modifying antirheumatic drug exposure. In this study, patients (symptom duration of < 2 years at baseline) were grouped into 4 cohorts (Cohort 1: 1990–1994; Cohort 2: 1995–1999; Cohort 3: 2000–2004; Cohort 4: 2005–2008). The American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) 2010 criteria for RA were applied retrospectively at baseline. Regression analyses were used to examine whether calendar year of presentation to NOAR was associated with baseline HAQ and DAS28 scores. Potential confounders included age at symptom onset, sex, rheumatoid factor, and anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibody positivity.Results.A total of 1724 patients met the ACR/EULAR 2010 RA criteria at baseline. Unadjusted mean DAS28 scores decreased over time. Calendar year of presentation to NOAR was significantly associated with lower DAS28 scores over time [Y = 4.51 + (–0.56 × year) + (0.44 × year2)]. Although unadjusted median HAQ scores increased over time, calendar year of presentation to NOAR was not significantly associated with HAQ scores [Y = (1.1) + (0.023 × year) + (0.05 × year2)]. Similar results were observed in each subpopulation of patients.Conclusion.While baseline disease activity has lessened slightly over time, there has been no improvement in baseline levels of functional disability.
Longterm Blood Pressure Variability in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Its Effect on Cardiovascular Events and All-cause Mortality in RA: A Population-based Comparative Cohort Study
Authors: Myasoedova Elena , Crowson Cynthia S. , Green Abigail B. , Matteson Eric L. , Gabriel Sherine E. 
Published: July 2014

Objective.To examine longterm visit-to-visit blood pressure (BP) variability in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) versus non-RA subjects and to assess its effect on cardiovascular (CV) events and mortality in RA.Methods.Clinic BP measures were collected in a population-based incident cohort of patients with RA (1987 American College of Rheumatology criteria met between January 1, 1995, and January 1, 2008) and non-RA subjects. BP variability was defined as within-subject SD in systolic and diastolic BP.Results.The study included 442 patients with RA (mean age 55.5 yrs, 70% females) and 424 non-RA subjects (mean age 55.7 yrs, 69% females). Patients with RA had higher visit-to-visit variability in systolic BP (13.8 ± 4.7 mm Hg) than did non-RA subjects (13.0 ± 5.2 mm Hg, p = 0.004). Systolic BP variability declined after the index date in RA (p < 0.001) but not in the non-RA cohort (p = 0.73), adjusting for age, sex, and calendar year of RA. During the mean followup of 7.1 years, 33 CV events and 57 deaths occurred in the RA cohort. Visit-to-visit systolic BP variability was associated with increased risk of CV events (HR per 1 mm Hg increase in BP variability 1.12, 95% CI 1.01–1.25). Diastolic BP variability was associated with all-cause mortality in RA (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.03–1.27), adjusting for systolic and diastolic BP, body mass index, smoking, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and use of antihypertensives.Conclusion.Patients with RA had higher visit-to-visit systolic BP variability than did non-RA subjects. There was a significant decline in systolic BP variability after RA incidence. Higher visit-to-visit BP variability was associated with adverse CV outcomes and all-cause mortality in RA.
Fragmentation et consolidation de l'opposition armée
Authors: Pierret Thomas 
Published: July 2014

Le projet d’unir au sein d’une « Armée Syrienne Libre » (ASL) l’essentiel des unités combattant le régime de Bachar al-Assad a largement échoué. Toutefois, les structures de l’insurrection syrienne se sont graduellement consolidées du fait de regroupements de taille plus modeste, mais dotés d’une cohésion et d’une cohérence supérieures à celles de l’ASL.
La Syrie, foyer de déstabilisation régionale ?
Authors: Bitar Karim Émile 
Published: July 2014

Phagocytée par le jeu des puissances, la révolution syrienne s’est transformée en un conflit international qui se décline en une série de guerres par procuration qui risquent aujourd’hui de déstabiliser plusieurs pays voisins. Sur fond de bras de fer irano-saoudien et de réactivation des solidarités communautaires et ethniques transfrontalières, l’Irak et le Liban se rapprochent dangereusement du point de rupture. En Irak, l’autoritarisme débridé du Premier ministre Nouri al-Maliki peut être analysé comme une façon de conjurer l’affaiblissement manifeste des autorités face à des forces centrifuges de plus en plus marquées. Au Liban, la crise syrienne est venue approfondir les lignes de faille préexistantes et le pays subit de plein fouet une intense polarisation et un afflux massif de réfugiés syriens. Les répercussions de la guerre en Syrie sur la fragile monarchie jordanienne sont également considérables, alors que la politique syrienne du gouvernement turc d’Erdogan a montré ses limites et provoqué un retour de bâton. Les risques de déstabilisation régionale sont d’autant plus préoccupants que la crise syrienne a illustré le blocage total des mécanismes de la gouvernance collective et l’impuissance de la « communauté internationale ».
Trajectoires de femmes en sortie des addictions : quelle place pour les grossesses ?
Authors: Simmat-Durand Laurence , Vellut Natacha , Jauffret-Roustide Marie , Michel Laurent , Mougel Sarra , Lejeune Claude , Planche Maëlle 
Published: July 2014

La grossesse ou la maternité sont souvent décrites comme un point d’inflexion possible des femmes dans leurs trajectoires des addictions. Dans le cadre d’une recherche sur les sorties des addictions, 116 femmes ont renseigné un questionnaire biographique en face-à-face sur différents aspects de leur vie, dont la totalité de leurs grossesses menées à terme ou non. Parmi elles, 23 n’ont jamais été enceintes, les autres ont eu au moins une grossesse, se répartissant pratiquement pour moitié entre des IVG ou des fausses-couches et des naissances. La place des grossesses dans leurs trajectoires d’addiction est nettement différenciée selon leur génération de naissance : les plus jeunes ont consommé de manière plus précoce, ont été prises en charge plus rapidement et ont eu leurs enfants plus tard. De ce fait, contrairement aux femmes âgées de plus de 45 ans à l’enquête, leur vie reproductive est décalée par rapport à leur « carrière » dans les produits.
Les seuils de la substitution : regard sociologique sur l'accès aux traitements de substitution aux opiacés
Authors: Dassieu Lise 
Published: July 2014

Le concept de seuil d’exigence est couramment utilisé par les acteurs de la prise en charge des addictions, sans que sa signification ne soit toujours réinterrogée. Cet article se propose de recenser les différents usages du « seuil », des définitions aux pratiques, en se centrant plus particulièrement sur son utilisation dans le cadre des traitements de substitution aux opiacés. Ainsi, la notion de seuil, souvent pensée « par le bas », est tour à tour considérée comme un enchaînement chronologique d’étapes de la prise en charge ou comme une diversité de modalités de dispensation des traitements en fonction des publics. Or, les deux extrémités que représentent le haut seuil et le bas seuil d’exigence s’inscrivent en réalité comme des prises en charge d’exception, des solutions spécifiques proposées aux patients éprouvant le plus de difficultés à s’intégrer dans un traitement.
Ocular Biomechanical Metrics by CorVis ST in Healthy Brazilian Patients
Authors: Valbon Bruno Freitas , Ambrósio Renato , Fontes Bruno Machado , Luz Allan , Roberts Cynthia J. , Alves Milton Ruiz 
Published: July 2014

PURPOSE:
To evaluate ocular biomechanical metrics given by the CorVis ST (Oculus, Inc., Berlin, Germany) in a population of healthy Brazilian patients.

METHODS:
An observational and cross-sectional study involving 1 eye randomly selected from 90 healthy patients. Studied parameters (including deformation amplitude, first applanation time, highest concavity time, second applanation time, first applanation length, second applanation length, curvature radius highest concavity, curvature radius normal, velocity in, and velocity out) derived from the CorVis ST were correlated to central corneal thickness from the Pentacam (Oculus, Inc.). Differences between data on the basis of gender were evaluated.

RESULTS:

Mean patient age was 35.80 ± 12.83 years (range: 21.07 to 78.84 years). Mean central corneal thickness was 547.50 ± 32.00
μ
m (range: 490 to 647
μ
m) and mean spherical equivalent refraction was −3.29 ± 3.69 diopters (range: −9.50 to +10.37 diopters). Mean deformation amplitude was 1.05 ± 0.08 mm (range: 0.91 to 1.26 mm). Highest concavity time was 18.38 ± 0.93 ms (range: 16.95 to 21.07 ms). Intraocular pressure was 16.43 ± 2.15 mm Hg (range: 11.50 to 21.0 mm Hg). First applanation time was 8.32 ± 0.33 ms (range: 7.53 to 9.12 ms) and second applanation time was 23.80 ± 0.44 ms (range: 22.76 to 24.95 ms). First applanation length (max) was 2.07 ± 0.38 mm (range: 1.20 to 3.10 mm) and second applanation length (max) was 2.37 ± 0.47 mm (range: 1.33 to 4.12 mm). Curvature radius highest concavity was 11.09 ± 2.06 mm (range: 7.58 to 15.98 mm) and curvature radius normal was 7.59 ± 0.67 mm (range: 6.82 to 11.02 mm). Velocity in was 0.21 ± 0.05 m/s (range: 0.16 to 0.72 m/s) and velocity out was −0.33 ± 0.07 m/s (range: −0.72 to −0.20 m/s). Studied parameters were not associated with gender.

CONCLUSIONS:
Eight of 11 ocular biomechanical metrics given by the CorVis ST were associated with central corneal thickness, but the influence of central corneal thickness on these measurements was low.

[
J Refract Surg.
2014;30(7):468–473.]
Efficiency and Contribution of Strategies for Finding Randomized Controlled Trials: A Case Study from a Systematic Review on Therapeutic Interventions of Chronic Depression
Authors: Westphal Annika , Kriston Levente , Hölzel Lars P. , Härter Martin , von Wolff Alessa 
Published: July 2014

Background Identifying all existing evidence is a crucial aspect in conducting systematic reviews. Since the retrieval of electronic database searches alone is limited, guidelines recommend the use of additional search strategies. The aim of this investigation was to assess the efficiency and contribution of additional search strategies for identifying randomized controlled trials in conducting a systematic review on interventions after performing a sensitive electronic database search. Design and Methods Seven electronic databases, 3 journals and 11 systematic reviews were searched. All first authors of the included studies were contacted; citation tracking and a search in clinical trial registers were performed. A priori defined evaluation criteria were calculated for each search strategy. Results A total of 358 full-text articles were identified; 50 studies were included in the systematic review, wherefrom 84.0% (42) were acquired by the sensitive electronic database search and 16.0% (8) through additional search strategies. Screening reference lists of related systematic reviews was the most beneficial additional search strategy, with an efficiency of 31.3% (5) and a contribution of 10.0% (5/50), whereas hand-searching and author contacts contributed two and one additional studies, respectively. Citation tracking and searching clinical trial registers did not lead to any further inclusion of primary studies. Conclusions Based on our findings, hand-searching contents of relevant journals and screening reference lists of related systematic reviews may be helpful additional strategies to identify an extensive body of evidence. In case of limited resources, a sensitive electronic database search may constitute an appropriate alternative for identifying relevant trials.
Estimation of severe drug-drug interaction warnings by medical specialist groups for Austrian nationwide eMedication
Authors: Sauter S. K. , Neuhofer L. M. , Edlinger D. , Grossmann W. , Wolzt M. , Endel G. , Gall W. , Rinner C. 
Published: July 2014

Summary
Objective: The objective of this study is to estimate the amount of severe drug-drug interaction warnings per medical specialist group triggered by prescribed drugs of a patient before and after the introduction of a nationwide eMedication system in Austria planned for 2015.
Methods: The estimations of interaction warnings are based on patients’ prescriptions of a single health care professional per patient, as well as all patients’ prescriptions from all visited health care professionals. We used a research database of the Main Association of Austrian Social Security Organizations that contains health claims data of the years 2006 and 2007.
Results: The study cohort consists of about 1 million patients, with 26.4 million prescribed drugs from about 3,400 different health care professionals. The estimation of interaction warnings show a heterogeneous pattern of severe drug-drug-interaction warnings across medical specialist groups.
Conclusion: During an eMedication implementation it must be taken into consideration that different medical specialist groups require customized support.
Citation: Rinner C, Sauter SK, Neuhofer LM, Edlinger D, Grossmann W, Wolzt M, Endel G, Gall W. Estimation of severe drug-drug interaction warnings by medical specialist groups for Austrian nationwide eMedication. Appl Clin Inf 2014; 5: 603–611http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-04-RA-0030
Knowledge Creation Process and Firms’ Innovation Performance: Mediating Effect of Organizational Learning
Authors: BERRAIES Sarra , CHAHER Mehrez 
Published: July 2014

On the basis of the Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995)’s study, this paper examines the effects of knowledge creation process on firm’s innovation performance and the mediating role of organizational learning in this relationship. Conceptually, we develop a research model summarizing the relationships between these variables. This model was tested within 214 companies belonging to the information technology and communication (ICT) sector. Results highlight the role of organizational learning as a partial mediator in the relationship between the knowledge creation process and innovation performance. Findings identify also the importance of tacit-linked activities namely socialization, internalization and externalization for innovation performance of the Tunisian ICT companies.