bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Afterthought
Authors: Panagariya Arvind 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A central theme in this volume is that post-Nehru, India was on a deterministic path with no prospect of change of course until 1991. Externally, the change had to wait for the fall of the Soviet Union and the rise of the Chinese economy. Internally, a change could not have come without an economic crisis. Is there, then, a scenario in which the course of Indian economic history could have been different? This chapter develops the argument that such a possibility could materialize only if the age profiles of Nehru and Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel had been switched. In that case, Nehru would have departed the scene in December 1950, while Patel would have succeeded him and remained in office until May 1964. A plausible case can be made that he would have kept socialism at bay and adopted an economic policy framework reliant principally on private enterprise.
Warring Peaces
Authors: Antony Alexander K , Thompson William R 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the key concepts revolving around peace. It explains that the transition process of industrialization influenced democratization, border settlements, economic modernization, and trade interdependence. The type of peace designated often gives some clue as to what the main causal force is that is thought to be bringing about peace. The chapter explains that the main influences of peace, such as nuclear weapons and democratic dyads, are promoted as most directly responsible for influencing the perception of the costs of war or the benefits of peace. It mentions how industrialization resulted in a decrease in the probability of warfare between industrial states.
The Main Contenders
Authors: Antony Alexander K , Thompson William R 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter looks into some of the factors affecting peace. It cites the difficulty of ignoring the possibility that univariate explanations cannot fully account for the pattern of peace within the international system. Theorizing and measuring conflict processes at the dyadic level provide little insight into the webs of interaction that produce conflict in certain geographic clusters and cooperation in others. The chapter explains the prominence of the impact of democracy and economic interdependence theories on conflict likelihoods, which also mentions the claims that economic interdependence fosters peace. It then provides an overview of the differences and distinctions between democratic peace, capitalist peace, and territorial peace.
Heterogeneity in the effect of type 2 diabetes on dementia incidence in a diverse cohort of Asian American and non-Latino White older adults
Authors: Hayes-Larson Eleanor , Zhou Yixuan , Wu Yingyan , Mobley Taylor M , Gee Gilbert C , Brookmeyer Ron , Whitmer Rachel A , Gilsanz Paola , Kanaya Alka M , Mayeda Elizabeth Rose 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Dementia incidence is lower among Asian Americans than among Whites, despite higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes, a well-known dementia risk factor. Determinants of dementia, including type 2 diabetes, have rarely been studied in Asian Americans. We followed 4846 Chinese, 4129 Filipino, 2784 Japanese, 820 South Asian, and 123 360 non-Latino White members of a California-based integrated health-care delivery system from 2002 to 2020. We estimated dementia incidence rates by race/ethnicity and type 2 diabetes status, and we fitted Cox proportional hazards and Aalen additive hazards models for the effect of type 2 diabetes (assessed 5 years before baseline) on age of dementia diagnosis, controlling for sex/gender, educational attainment, nativity, height, race/ethnicity, and a race/ethnicity × diabetes interaction. Type 2 diabetes was associated with higher dementia incidence in Whites (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.46; 95% CI, 1.40-1.52). Compared with Whites, the estimated effect of diabetes was larger in South Asians (HR = 2.26; 95% CI, 1.48-3.44), slightly smaller in Chinese (HR = 1.32; 95% CI, 1.08-1.62) and Filipino (HR = 1.31; 95% CI, 1.08-1.60) individuals, and similar in Japanese individuals (HR = 1.44; 95% CI, 1.15-1.81). Heterogeneity in this association across Asian subgroups may be related to type 2 diabetes severity. Understanding this heterogeneity may inform prevention strategies to prevent dementia for all racial and ethnic groups.
Patient Experience in a Remote Patient Monitoring Program for Hypertension: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Chu Fion , Stark Allison , Telzak Andrew , Rikin Sharon 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Remote patient monitoring (RPM), which includes out-of-office blood pressure (BP) measurement, coupled with interventions including telehealth and team-based care, is recommended for hypertension (HTN) management. We aimed to assess participant experience with RPM for HTN (RPM-HTN) to understand barriers and facilitators to implementing RPM-HTN in a primary care population where health disparities and social inequities are prevalent.

METHODS
This is a qualitative implementation study of participants’ experiences with an RPM-HTN program for primary care patients with uncontrolled HTN at an academic health system. We recruited participants with high and low levels of engagement (≥16 or &lt;16 days of transmitted BP readings per month). Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and descriptive statistics and rapid qualitative analysis were used to identify factors affecting the implementation of RPM-HTN, specifically adoption, acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility.

RESULTS
Multiple themes emerged from interviews with 14 participants. A doctor’s recommendation and wanting help with BP management were facilitators for engagement, while work conflicts and forgetfulness were barriers to engagement. Participants enjoyed the format and content of nurse and clinical pharmacist phone calls and forming a relationship with the team; expressed improved understanding of HTN and BP management; and appreciated the convenience of remote monitoring.

CONCLUSIONS
Participants found RPM-HTN acceptable and appropriate, highlighting the team-based and out-of-office approach to care. This study provides actionable targets to overcome feasibility barriers to implementation. In order to increase engagement, RPM policies and procedures should take into account barriers including the quantity of required BP measurements and mechanisms of telehealth communication.
Machine learning of cellular metabolic rewiring
Authors: Xavier Joao B 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Metabolic rewiring allows cells to adapt their metabolism in response to evolving environmental conditions. Traditional metabolomics techniques, whether targeted or untargeted, often struggle to interpret these adaptive shifts. Here, we introduce MetaboLiteLearner, a lightweight machine learning framework that harnesses the detailed fragmentation patterns from electron ionization (EI) collected in scan mode during gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to predict changes in the metabolite composition of metabolically adapted cells. When tested on breast cancer cells with different preferences to metastasize to specific organs, MetaboLiteLearner predicted the impact of metabolic rewiring on metabolites withheld from the training dataset using only the EI spectra, without metabolite identification or pre-existing knowledge of metabolic networks. Despite its simplicity, the model learned captured shared and unique metabolomic shifts between brain- and lung-homing metastatic lineages, suggesting cellular adaptations associated with metastasis to specific organs. Integrating machine learning and metabolomics paves the way for new insights into complex cellular adaptations.
Visible-light activation of a Ru(II) complex catalyst via a carbazole-modified donor–acceptor ligand for CO2 reduction
Authors: Nakada Akinobu , Tomiura Yuya , Suzuki Hajime , Tomita Osamu , Abe Ryu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Visible-light activation of photocatalysts is crucial for effectively utilizing solar energy in molecular conversions. This study demonstrates that modifying the bipyridine ligand with carbazole enables visible-light activation of a Ru(II) carbonyl complex catalyst, which was originally developed as an electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction but is inactive as a photocatalyst on its own. The present study opens avenues for individually designing light-absorbing ligands and catalytic functions within one mononuclear complex.
Flexible porous coordination polymer with multiple configurations for guest recognition and switchable CO2 sorption properties
Authors: Wang Ping , Otake Ken-ichi , Hiraide Shotaro , Kubota Yoshiki , Kawaguchi Shogo , Kitagawa Susumu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Realizing multiple metastable configurations in a single porous coordination polymer has long been pursued to achieve switchable functionality. In this study, we reported multiple configurations in one porous coordination polymer material via the design of the adjustable intraframework π–π stacking moieties. We demonstrated that the porous coordination polymer can accommodate three different open pore phases depending on the type of solvent. Furthermore, this porous coordination polymer exhibits three distinct closed pore phases depending on the activation approaches, demonstrating different CO2 sorption properties.
IPOD2: an irrecoverable and verifiable deletion scheme for outsourced data
Authors: Zhang Xiaolei , Chen Zhaoyu , Zhang Xin , Shen Qingni , Wu Zhonghai 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
To alleviate the burden of data storage and management, there is a growing trend of outsourcing data to the cloud that enables users to remotely manage their data flexibly. However, this shift also raises concerns regarding outsourced data deletion, as users lose physical control over their outsourced data and are unable to verify its proper eradication. To address this issue, cloud service providers are required to provide a scheme that guarantees the effective deletion of outsourced data. Existing schemes, including key management-based and overwriting-based schemes, fail to ensure both the irrecoverability of deleted data and the verifiability of the deletion process. In this paper, we propose IPOD2, an irrecoverable and verifiable deletion scheme for outsourced data. Specifically, IPOD2 utilizes the overwriting-based deletion method to implement outsourced data deletion and extends the Integrity Measurement Architecture to measure the operations in the deletion process. The measurement results are protected by the Trusted Platform Module and verifiable for users. To demonstrate the viability of IPOD2, we implement a prototype of IPOD2 on the Linux kernel 5.4.120. Experimental results show that, compared with the three existing schemes, IPOD2 has the minimum overhead in both deletion and verification processes.
Long-term outcomes in patients with Cushing's disease vs nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma after pituitary surgery: an active-comparator cohort study
Authors: Germann Sara , Wimmer Roxana , Laager Rahel , Mueller Beat , Schuetz Philipp , Kaegi-Braun Nina , Kutz Alexander 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
There is increasing evidence that multisystem morbidity in patients with Cushing’s disease (CD) is only partially reversible following treatment. We investigated complications from multiple organs in hospitalized patients with CD compared to patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA) after pituitary surgery.

Design
Population-based retrospective cohort study using data from the Swiss Federal Statistical Office between January 2012 and December 2021.

Methods
Through 1:5 propensity score matching, we compared hospitalized patients undergoing pituitary surgery for CD or NFPA, addressing demographic differences. The primary composite endpoint included all-cause mortality, major adverse cardiac events (ie, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, heart failure, cardiac arrest, and ischemic stroke), hospitalization for psychiatric disorders, sepsis, severe thromboembolic events, and fractures in need of hospitalization. Secondary endpoints comprised individual components of the primary endpoint and surgical reintervention due to disease persistence or recurrence.

Results
After matching, 116 patients with CD (mean age 45.4 years [SD, 14.4], 75.0% female) and 396 with NFPA (47.3 years [14.3], 69.7% female) were included and followed for a median time of 50.0 months (IQR 23.5, 82.0) after pituitary surgery. Cushing’s disease presence was associated with a higher incidence rate of the primary endpoint (40.6 vs 15.7 events per 1000 person-years, hazard ratio [HR] 2.75; 95% CI, 1.54-4.90). Cushing’s disease patients also showed increased hospitalization rates for psychiatric disorders (HR 3.27; 95% CI, 1.59-6.71) and a trend for sepsis (HR 3.15; 95% CI, .95-10.40).

Conclusions
Even after pituitary surgery, CD patients faced a higher hazard of complications, especially psychiatric hospitalizations and sepsis.
European Health Information Training Programme: a sustainable strategy for strengthening capacity in health information
Authors: Peyroteo Mariana , Maia Mélanie R , Paulo Marília Silva , Saso Miriam , Schutte Nienke , Bogaert Petronille , Habl Claudia , Lapão Luís Velez ,   Population Health Information Research Infrastructure
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Before the COVID-19 pandemic, a need for a uniform approach to health information (HI) knowledge in population health analysis across Europe was evident. The Population Health Information Research Infrastructure (PHIRI) emerged as a proactive initiative to strengthen European HI capacities. This article describes the achievements of PHIRI, highlighting its capacity-building activities and their contribution towards a sustainable strategy for the implementation of the European Health Data Space (EHDS).

Methods
PHIRI collaboration established a work package for skill-building activities in population health in partnership with other organizations. Activities included webinars, workshops, sessions, training schools and courses for researchers and public administration workers from Europe and beyond. The primary goal of the activities was to examine the impact of COVID-19 on European health systems at both local and national levels, including healthcare facilities and policymaking entities.

Results
Twelve activities were organized between October 2020 and the summer of 2023. In March 2023, the Spring School on Health Information was organized to share the knowledge achieved from PHIRI and other European Union-related projects. This event also validated the European Health Information Training Programme.

Conclusions
PHIRI’s findings emphasized the importance of equipping the workforce with core HI skills to improve health systems’ preparedness and resilience. Through this research, it is possible to propose a strategy for building capacity that emphasizes the importance of providing training in human-machine dynamics. This approach will contribute to the sustainable implementation of the EHDS.
Delayed treatment in breast cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: a population health information research infrastructure (PHIRI) case study
Authors: Estupiñán-Romero Francisco , Royo-Sierra Santiago , González-Galindo Javier , Martínez-Lizaga Natalia , Bogaert Petronille , Schutte Nienke , Van Eycken Liesbet , Van Damme Nancy , Henau Kris , Lyons Ronan A , Aldridge Sarah J , Faragalli Andrea , Carle Flavia , Gesuita Rosaria , Palmieri Luigi , Misiņš Jānis , Thiβen Martin , Bernal-Delgado Enrique 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The indirect impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on healthcare services was studied by assessing changes in the trend of the time to first treatment for women 18 or older who were diagnosed and treated for breast cancer between 2017 and 2021.

Methods
An observational retrospective longitudinal study based on aggregated data from four European Union (EU) countries/regions investigating the time it took to receive breast cancer treatment. We compiled outputs from a federated analysis to detect structural breakpoints, confirming the empirical breakpoints by differences between the trends observed and forecasted after March 2020. Finally, we built several segmented regressions to explore the association of contextual factors with the observed changes in treatment delays.

Results
We observed empirical structural breakpoints on the monthly median time to surgery trend in Aragon (ranging from 9.20 to 17.38 days), Marche (from 37.17 to 42.04 days) and Wales (from 28.67 to 35.08 days). On the contrary, no empirical structural breakpoints were observed in Belgium (ranging from 21.25 to 23.95 days) after the pandemic's beginning. Furthermore, we confirmed statistically significant differences between the observed trend and the forecasts for Aragon and Wales. Finally, we found the interaction between the region and the pandemic's start (before/after March 2020) significantly associated with the trend of delayed breast cancer treatment at the population level.

Conclusions
Although they were not clinically relevant, only Aragon and Wales showed significant differences with expected delays after March 2020. However, experiences differed between countries/regions, pointing to structural factors other than the pandemic.
The effect of successive summer drought periods on bacterial diversity along a plant species richness gradient
Authors: de Souza Yuri Pinheiro Alves , Siani Roberto , Albracht Cynthia , Huang Yuanyuan , Eisenhauer Nico , Vogel Anja , Wagg Cameron , Schloter Michael , Schulz Stefanie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDrought is a major stressor to soil microbial communities, and the intensification of climate change is predicted to increase hydric stress worldwide in the coming decades. As a possible mitigating factor for the consequences of prolonged drought periods, above and belowground biodiversity can increase ecosystem resistance and resilience by improving metabolic redundancy and complementarity as biodiversity increases. Here, we investigated the interaction effect between plant richness and successive, simulated summer drought on soil microbial communities during a period of 9 years.To do that, we made use of a well-established biodiversity experiment (The Jena Experiment) to investigate the response of microbial richness and community composition to successive drought periods alongside a plant richness gradient, which covers 1-, 2-, 4-, 8-, 16-, and 60-species plant communities. Plots were covered from natural precipitation by installing rain shelters 6 weeks every summer. Bulk soil samples were collected 1 year after the last summer drought was simulated. Our data indicate that bacterial richness increased after successive exposure to drought, with the increase being stable along the plant richness gradient. We identified a significant effect of plant species richness on the soil microbial community composition and determined the taxa significantly impacted by drought at each plant richness level. Our data successfully demonstrates that summer drought might have a legacy effect on soil bacterial communities.
Duplications and Retrogenes Are Numerous and Widespread in Modern Canine Genomic Assemblies
Authors: Nguyen Anthony K , Blacksmith Matthew S , Kidd Jeffrey M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Recent years have seen a dramatic increase in the number of canine genome assemblies available. Duplications are an important source of evolutionary novelty and are also prone to misassembly. We explored the duplication content of nine canine genome assemblies using both genome self-alignment and read-depth approaches. We find that 8.58% of the genome is duplicated in the canFam4 assembly, derived from the German Shepherd Dog Mischka, including 90.15% of unplaced contigs. Highlighting the continued difficulty in properly assembling duplications, less than half of read-depth and assembly alignment duplications overlap, but the mCanLor1.2 Greenland wolf assembly shows greater concordance. Further study shows the presence of multiple segments that have alignments to four or more duplicate copies. These high-recurrence duplications correspond to gene retrocopies. We identified 3,892 candidate retrocopies from 1,316 parental genes in the canFam4 assembly and find that ∼8.82% of duplicated base pairs involve a retrocopy, confirming this mechanism as a major driver of gene duplication in canines. Similar patterns are found across eight other recent canine genome assemblies, with metrics supporting a greater quality of the PacBio HiFi mCanLor1.2 assembly. Comparison between the wolf and other canine assemblies found that 92% of retrocopy insertions are shared between assemblies. By calculating the number of generations since genome divergence, we estimate that new retrocopy insertions appear, on average, in 1 out of 3,514 births. Our analyses illustrate the impact of retrogene formation on canine genomes and highlight the variable representation of duplicated sequences among recently completed canine assemblies.
Association Between Subclinical Thyroid Dysfunction and Cognitive Decline: Findings From the ELSA-Brasil Study
Authors: Gomes Gonçalves Natalia , Szlejf Claudia , Lotufo Paulo Andrade , Bensenor Isabela M , Suemoto Claudia Kimie 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Thyroid dysfunction has been associated with cognitive decline and dementia. However, the role of subtle thyroid hormone alterations in cognitive function is still debatable.

Methods
Participants without overt thyroid dysfunction aged 35–74 years at baseline were evaluated in 3 study waves (2008–2010, 2012–2014, and 2017–2019). We assessed baseline thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), and free triiodothyronine (FT3). Cognitive performance was evaluated every 4 years in each wave using 10-word immediate and late recall, word recognition, semantic (animals category) and phonemic (letter f) verbal fluency, and the trail-making B-version tests. A global composite z-score was derived from these tests. The associations of TSH, FT4, and FT3 levels with cognitive decline over time were evaluated using linear mixed-effect models adjusted for sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle variables.

Results
In 9 524 participants (mean age 51.2 ± 8.9 years old, 51% women, 52% White), there was no association between baseline TSH, FT4, and FT3 levels and cognitive decline during the follow-up. However, increase in FT4 levels over time was associated with faster memory (β = −0.004, 95% CI = −0.007; −0.001, p = .014), verbal fluency (β = −0.003, 95% CI = −0.007; −0.0005, p = .021), executive function (β = −0.004, 95% CI = −0.011; −0.003, p &lt; .001), and global cognition decline (β = −0.003, 95% CI = −0.006; −0.001, p = .001). Decrease in FT4 levels over time was associated with faster verbal fluency (β = −0.003, 95% CI = −0.007; −0.0004, p = .025) and executive function (β = −0.004, 95% CI = −0.007; −0.0003, p = .031) decline.

Conclusions
An increase or decrease in FT4 levels over time was associated with faster cognitive decline in middle-aged and older adults without overt thyroid dysfunction during 8 years of follow-up.
On head-to-head results as tie-breaker and consequent opportunities for collusion
Authors: Csató László 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Accepted by: Phil Scarf
The outcome of some football matches has benefited both teams at the expense of a third team because head-to-head results were used for breaking ties. Inspired by these examples, our mathematical analysis identifies all possible collusion opportunities caused by this particular ranking rule in a single round-robin tournament with four teams. According to a simulation model based on the 2024 UEFA European Football Championship, merely the tie-breaking rule increases the probability of reaching a situation vulnerable to collusion by between 11.5 and 14.8 percentage points. This risk can scarcely be mitigated by a static match schedule. Therefore, tournament organizers are strongly encouraged to choose goal difference as the primary tie-breaking rule, similar to the official policy of FIFA.