bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Femmes en texte.Petite histoire de la littérature algérienne d’expression française 1857-1950
Authors: Kassoul Aïcha 
Published: March 2013

Nous appuyant sur un travail effectué dans le cadre d’une équipe universitaire et publié en 1991 (Diwan d’inquiétude et d’espoir, ENAG), nous avons tenté de constituer une histoire de la littérature féminine d’expression française, essentiellement à partir des textes narratifs (récits de vie, nouvelle et roman), publiés entre 1947 et 1987 et représentant la réalité algérienne, même si leurs auteurs ne vivaient pas ou plus en Algérie.Nous avons pu dégager quatre « générations » de femmes et déterminer des thématiques qui varient au fil du temps. Le thème essentiel demeure la question de la femme dont le traitement s’historicise nettement au moment de la guerre d’indépendance : l’exigence de libération du pays va de pair avec celui des femmes. Le discours « féministe » ne développe qu’à de très rares exceptions, la thèse de l’assimilation.La tonalité de cette histoire est plutôt sombre : la quête de soi et d’une place dans la société, débauche inéluctablement sur un échec.
Le merveilleux dans le roman algérien de langue arabe
Authors: Daoud Mohamed 
Published: March 2013

L’étude essaie de définir le merveilleux, en tant qu’aspect littéraire introduit dans le romanesque en passant par Freud, Todorov, Caillois, Caxtex, Steinmetz, qui donnent une définition très poussée du fantastique, qui est différent du merveilleux.Mais c’est à Todorov que l’étude consacre la plus grande partie de l’analyse du merveilleux ; elle essaie de compléter cette réflexion par d’autres apports théoriques. Et dans la perspective de l’étrangeté, du surnaturel qu’aborde l’étude, le texte“Le pêcheur et le palais” du romancier algérien Tahar Ouettar s’appuie sur la réflexion de Greimas.Le romancier introduit le mythe ”politico-héroïque” dans son texte afin de poser un problème de rapport au pouvoir. Tahar Ouettar met en perspective cette problématique à travers Ali le pêcheur, personnage principal du roman. Un “héros sans peur”, qui symbolise le Bien luttant contre le Mal, et pour ce faire, il doit traverser sept cités afin d’offrir au roi le poisson. Cet acte qualifié d’associal par le pouvoir, sera fatal à Ali le pêcheur, mais établira un ordre nouveau.
Pratiques langagières effectives et pratiques postulées en Kabylie A la lumière des événements du « printemps noir » 2001
Authors: Dourari Abderrezak 
Published: March 2013

Le concept “pratiques langagières” est galvaudé dans la société algérienne saturée d’idéologie au point où elle ne réalise plus l’importance de la description scientifique froide. La question linguistique, dans une société plurilingue non reconnue comme telle par l’Etat, est fatalement happée par l’idéologie, pour masquer des intérêts idéels et matériels, des positions de pouvoir.Au refus borné de reconnaître tamazight, certains défenseurs de la question amazighe réagissent en lui opposant le rejet de la langue arabe scolaire. Ils confondent ainsi politique linguistique rétrograde (l’arabisation) d’un pouvoir d’Etat à l’ornière serrée et agissant sous l’effet de la haine de soi, et la langue arabe elle-même qui a été le véhicule d’une civilisation brillante et de la pensée rationnelle qu’elle a transmise à l’Occident en passant d’Averroès à Saint Thomas d’Acquin. Nier la réalité demeure donc la chose la mieux partagée par ces acteurs.Les textes de graffitis que nous présentons expriment quant à eux la réalité des pratiques langagières plurielles des locuteurs tamightophones : le français côtoie l’arabe algérien, qui côtoie le kabyle et l’arabe scolaire. Les graphies arabe et latine sont convoquées spontanément pour dessiner ces graffitis - forme de l’expression de contenus discursifs d’une grande portée politique et sociale – qui ont égayé les murs de certaines villes de Tizi-Ouzou et Bejaia.C’était sous le cri de ralliement « ‘ayaw âh ! » ( =Venez donc ! ou Allons y !) et le mot d’ordre contre la « hogra », expressions spécifiquement algériennes, que les attaques étaient menées contre les gendarmeries tenues pour responsables de la mort de 118 jeunes manifestants.C’est par conséquent dans un contexte sérieux que ces expressions ont été recueillies.Nous avons noté, en égard à ce contexte, que l’usage non critique des concepts nés dans des conditions historiques et sociales particulières pourrait mener à des déformations graves de la réalité.Faut-il alors appeler à une épistémologie des théories sociolinguistiques ? A la constitution d’une sociolinguistique algérienne qui ne se confondrait pas avec celle catalane dont l’histoire de la société qui lui a donné naissance se distingue de celle de la société algérienne ?
Actantialiser ou déconstruire
Authors: Kassoul Aïcha , Maougal Mohamed Lakhdar 
Published: March 2013

La sociolinguistique, est une discipline, qui à peine a été captée par les institutions et la didactique. Par son caractère éminemment subversif, elle est devenue comme l’anthropologie, une science sous haute surveillance. Ceci dit son apport à la compréhension des structures de l’imaginaire créatif des idéologues et concepteurs d’imaginaires algériens, les écrivains en particulier, est très important.En critiquant les outils et les méthodes d’investigation employés par les critiques littéraires qui s’intéressent à la littérature de décolonisation dont le traitement est sous l’influence d’un bavardage pseudo- scientifique sur l’identitarisme, les auteurs illustrent leurs propos en donnant l’exemple de deux textes écrits sur « la colline oubliée » roman de Mouloud Mammeri en 1953. Les deux textes de Mohamed Cherif Sahli et Mostefa Lacheraf qui insistement sur le reniement et l’anachronisme du discours romanesque. La critique littéraire universitaire algérien qui a suivi les traces de l’argument du reniement comme de l’anachronisme, a été appauvrissante, d’où le recours à l’interculturalisme qui ne propose rien de nouveau.
Les stratégies discursives des étudiants et l’utilisation du français
Authors: Mekkaoui Fatima Zohra 
Published: March 2013

Pour l’auteur de cet article, il s’agit de porter un regard sur la place qu’occupe la langue française dans un contexte multilingue complexe d’où une régression de cette langue. Les raisons pour expliquer cet état de fait se résument à un certain nombre de points dont : - Une non-maîtrise de la langue non assumée. Cette observation est le résultat d’une année de travail qui a suivi une proximité avec les étudiants de différentes filières à l’Université de Constantine (français, anglais, sciences économiques et informatiques), auxquels un questionnaire a été soumis.Après avoir constitué un corpus langagier, l’auteur essaie de l’interpréter en s’appuyant sur une analyse sociologique très pertinente.Ainsi la langue française, quoiqu’en dise, en bien ancrée dans les mœurs langagières algériennes, seulement les étudiants auxquels s’est adressé le questionnaire n’ont pas appris une langue avec ses différents modes de fonctionnement, mais ont appris une nomenclature, un lexique qui leur permet de combler les « vides » laissés par la langue arabe dans des domaines différents (intimité, mode, sport, cuisine,…).
أهمية اللغة ووظائفها في عمليات التواصلقراءة في كتاب "مدخل إلى التحليل اللساني : اللفظ- الدلالة -السياق" العربي قلايلية
Authors: شرشار عبد القادر 
Published: March 2013

يبحث الكاتب "قلايلية العربي" من خلال مؤلفه الموسوم : "مدخل إلى التحليل اللساني : اللفظ – الدلالة – السياق-" عن منهج للتحليل اللساني يمكنه من مقاربة الخطاب باعتباره وحدة لسانية قابلة للوصف و التحليل، و من ثَمَّ التركيز على أهمية اللغة و وظائفها في عمليات التواصل في ضوء ما أفرزته مناهج اللسانيات من أدوات إجرائية و مصطلحات عملية عبر المستوى التحليلي بأبعاده الثلاثة : الدلالي البلاغي، التركيبي النحوي والصرفي الصوتي، و هو في كل ذلك، و من أجله يطمح إلى البحث عن التكامل و الانسجام بين منهج القدماء في دراستهم للغة، و مناهج المحدثين و وسائلهم التنظيرية و التطبيقية المعاصرة.ينطلق المؤلِّف من منطلق لغوي، مستفيدا مما حققته الدراسات اللغوية عند القدماء و المحدثين، مبررا القفزات الكبرى المحققة في العقود الأخيرة من القرن العشرين، منتهيا إلى إسناد وظيفتين أساسيتين للغة، هما : الوظيفة التعبيرية والوظيفة التواصلية.
Distinct Binding Affinities of Mac-1 and LFA-1 in Neutrophil Activation
Authors: Li Ning , Mao Debin , Lü Shouqin , Tong Chunfang , Zhang Yan , Long Mian 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Macrophage-1 Ag (Mac-1) and lymphocyte function-associated Ag-1 (LFA-1), two β2 integrins expressed on neutrophils (PMNs), mediate PMN recruitment cascade by binding to intercellular adhesive molecule 1. Distinct functions of LFA-1–initiating PMN slow rolling and firm adhesion but Mac-1–mediating cell crawling are assumed to be governed by the differences in their binding affinities and kinetic rates. In this study, we applied an adhesion frequency approach to compare their kinetics in the quiescent and activated states using three molecular systems, constitutively expressed receptors on PMNs, wild-type and high-affinity (HA) full-length constructs transfected on 293T cells, and wild-type and HA recombinant extracellular constructs. Data indicate that the difference in binding affinity between Mac-1 and LFA-1 is on-rate dominated with slightly or moderately varied off-rate. This finding was further confirmed when both β2 integrins were activated by chemokines (fMLF or IL-8), divalent cations (Mg2+ or Mn2+), or disulfide bond lockage on an HA state. Structural analyses reveal that such the kinetics difference is likely attributed to the distinct conformations at the interface of Mac-1 or LFA-1 and intercellular adhesive molecule 1. This work furthers the understandings in the kinetic differences between Mac-1 and LFA-1 and in their biological correlations with molecular activation and structural bases.
Multiple Transcription Factor Binding Sites Predict AID Targeting in Non-Ig Genes
Authors: Duke Jamie L. , Liu Man , Yaari Gur , Khalil Ashraf M. , Tomayko Mary M. , Shlomchik Mark J. , Schatz David G. , Kleinstein Steven H. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAberrant targeting of the enzyme activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) results in the accumulation of somatic mutations in ∼25% of expressed genes in germinal center B cells. Observations in Ung−/− Msh2−/− mice suggest that many other genes efficiently repair AID-induced lesions, so that up to 45% of genes may actually be targeted by AID. It is important to understand the mechanisms that recruit AID to certain genes, because this mistargeting represents an important risk for genome instability. We hypothesize that several mechanisms combine to target AID to each locus. To resolve which mechanisms affect AID targeting, we analyzed 7.3 Mb of sequence data, along with the regulatory context, from 83 genes in Ung−/− Msh2−/− mice to identify common properties of AID targets. This analysis identifies three transcription factor binding sites (E-box motifs, along with YY1 and C/EBP-β binding sites) that may work together to recruit AID. Based on previous knowledge and these newly discovered features, a classification tree model was built to predict genome-wide AID targeting. Using this predictive model, we were able to identify a set of 101 high-interest genes that are likely targets of AID.
‘Shockvertising’: An exploratory investigation into attitudinal variations and emotional reactions to shock advertising
Authors: Parry Sara , Jones Rosalind , Stern Philip , Robinson Matthew 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThis study compares the reactions towards shock advertising in for‐profit (FP) and not‐for‐profit (NFP) organizations. Although the use of shocking advertisements is a growing phenomenon, the findings regarding the effectiveness of such advertisements remain mixed. Moreover, there is little consideration of the use of these tactics in different organizational contexts and the effect on the consumer. A qualitative methodology was adopted and included the use of focus groups to explore the attitudes and emotional reactions of a range of individuals. The shocking images from both the NFP and FP organizations were deemed successful at capturing the audience's attention. Some images were more ‘shocking’ than others, whereas some were more effective at drawing attention to the product or the cause. Importantly, the use of shock advertising was perceived to be justifiable in the NFP sector but much less so in the FP sector. Reactions were somewhat influenced by both religion and gender; however, it was apparent that this sample were inherently more accepting of shock advertising than expected. Despite the apparent immunity of today's youth to shock tactics, this study found that there are still themes that are considered inappropriate in FP and NFP sectors; these include the use of religious taboos or morally offensive images. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wie viel Kohlenstoff braucht der Mensch?
Authors: Pütter Hermann 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDekarbonisierung, der Weg in eine Low Carbon Economy, zielt darauf ab, die Treibhausgasemissionen durch deutliche Reduktion des Verbrauchs an fossilem Kohlenstoff zu reduzieren. Gleichzeitig soll der Einsatz von Biomasse als Kohlenstoffträger deutlich erhöht werden. Dieser Anstieg wird starke Auswirkungen auf die Landnutzung (“land use change”) haben und weiteren Druck auf die biologische Vielfalt ausüben. Technologien zur Erzeugung von Biokraftstoffen und von Strom und Wärme auf Basis von Biomasse bedürfen in großem Umfang der Dienstleistungen der pflanzlichen Photosynthese. Sie benötigen dort mehr Kohlenstoffeinheiten als sie in Form von Klimagasen vermeiden. Dies wird am Beispiel der deutschen Energiestrategie beispielhaft dargestellt. Solche Strategien sind für den propagierten Einstieg in eine Nachhaltige Entwicklung kontraproduktiv.
Morphology‐photocatalytic properties‐growth mechanism for ZnO nanostructures via microwave‐assisted hydrothermal synthesis
Authors: Jianzhong Ma , Liu Junli , Bao Yan , Zhu Zhenfeng , Liu Hui 
Published: March 2013

AbstractZnO nanostructures with various morphologies including rod‐like, sheet‐like, needle‐like and flower‐like structures were successfully synthesized via a fast and facile microwave‐assisted hydrothermal process. Reaction temperature, reaction time and the addition of NaOH were adjusted to obtain ZnO with different morphologies. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscope(TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and ultraviolet spectrophotometer (UV) were used to observe the morphology, crystal structure, ultraviolet absorption and photocatalytic activity of the obtained ZnO. The results indicated that growth rate of ZnO nanostructure along [001] direction was more sensitive to temperature compared with those along [101] and [100] directions. The competition between anionic surfactant and OH− played an important role in the formation of ZnO with various morphologies. Flower‐like ZnO had better ultraviolet absorption property and excellent photocatalytic activity than ZnO in the other morphologies. On the basis of the above results, a possible growth mechanism for the formation of ZnO nanostructures with different morphologies was described.
Quality‐of‐service‐aware cluster‐based service discovery approach for mobile ad hoc networks
Authors: Artail Hassan , Safa Haidar , Salameh Paul , Chedrawi Salim , Khoury Pierre El 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYThis paper presents a quality‐of‐service (QoS) distributed service discovery approach for mobile ad hoc network environments. The approach builds upon a clustered topology, where the clusterhead (CH) is assigned additional roles having to do with maintaining a directory of services in the network and aggregating and computing QoS scores about service providers (SPs) from requesting nodes (RNs) and the providers themselves. To reduce the amount of overhead traffic, the design makes extensive use of piggybacking for relaying and updating the CHs with QoS scores. A mobile device that is interested in a certain service submits a request to its CH, which uses cached QoS data to return a ranked list of SPs that offer the type of requested service. On the basis of its interaction with the SP, the device sends the CH next time it makes a request a score reflecting its perception of the SP's QoS. Over time, the CH develops robust QoS data that it uses to help devices obtain the best available service. Theoretical analysis and experimental evaluation based on simulations prove the advantages of the proposed system and the effectiveness of its operations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Alkynylative Lactonization of Unsaturated Bicyclic Carboxylic Acids: Synthesis of Fused Polycyclic γ‐Lactone Compounds
Authors: Sun Ning , Li Yibiao , Yin Gengming , Jiang Shaohua 
Published: March 2013

AbstractUnsaturated bicyclic carboxylic acids undergo palladium‐catalyzed coupling with bromoalkynes to produce γ‐alkynyl lactones in moderate to good yields with excellent chemo‐ and regioselectivity. The reaction conditions were extremely mild, and functional groups such as methyl, methoxy, chloro, and bromo were tolerated under the optimized reaction conditions. Moreover, γ‐chloroalkenyl lactones were facilely synthesized through chloropalladation/carboesterification of electron‐deficient C≡C bonds by using molecular oxygen as the sole oxidant.
Synthesis and Properties of a New Coumarin Functionalized Tetrathiafulvalene Derivative
Authors: Hu Liang , Zhu Rong‐Mei , Qin Jie , Zhou Xin‐Hui 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA new tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) derivative possessing Schiff base core with the coumarin moiety has been synthesized and characterized. The crystal structure has been studied, and the electrochemical and spectroscopic properties have also been investigated. Optimized conformation and molecular orbital diagram of the title compound have been calculated with density functional theory (DFT).
Alkali Transition Metal Phosphites as Potential Cathode Materials Grown from Molten Boric Acid
Authors: Huang Hui‐Lin , Huang Shu‐Hao , Lai Chun‐Wei , Wu Jia‐Rong , Lii Kwang‐Hwa , Wang Sue‐Lein 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis is the first study on developing six alkali transition metal phosphites as potential candidates of cathode materials grown from molten boric acid, a simple, low energy costing method compared with conventional solid‐state reactions. Li2[Mn(HPO3)2] (1) and Li[V(HPO3)2] (2) are featured with high theoretical capacitance values up to 117 and 123 mAh/g, respectively. With the replacement of Li+ by Na+ or K+, four new compounds with strongly related layer topology Na2[Co4(HPO3)5] (3), K2[Co3(HPO3)4] (4), K2[Mn2(HPO3)3] (5), and K[V(HPO3)2] (6) were prepared. The synthesis mediated by molten boric acid automatically provides reductive atmosphere and helps maintain low valence in metal centers.
A global spatiotemporal analysis of inland tropical cyclone maintenance or intensification
Authors: Andersen Theresa K. , Shepherd J. Marshall 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTForecasting tropical cyclone (TC) intensity changes over land is complicated by interactions of various surface and atmospheric features. Due to generally unfavorable conditions, many TCs weaken and decay soon after landfall. In some cases, TCs may also transition to extratropical cyclones (ETs). Despite the absence of oceanic forcing, a number of TCs have been observed to maintain or increase strength inland, termed “tropical cyclone maintenance or intensification’ (TCMIs). This study identifies the environments and characteristic features of TCMIs and explores physical processes that may help to produce an atmosphere conducive for tropical systems. The objectives are to compile an inland TC dataset over a 30‐year period, quantify TC traits that may relate to maximum strength over land, and analyse surface and atmospheric conditions leading up to intensification. Of 227 inland TCs globally, 45 maintained or increased strength inland: 17 cold‐core (ET), 16 warm‐core (TCMI), and 12 hybrid cases. Analysis of synoptic conditions indicates that TCs persist when low‐level temperature gradients are weak. Soil moisture gradients were in the vicinity of the cyclones at the time of intensification and may be forcing the TCMIs via increased surface latent heat flux (LHF). The area‐averaged LHF threshold is found to be around 70 W m−2 for TCMI occurrence. In the 2 weeks leading up to each TCMI, the LHF tends to be higher than average over the intensification regions and provides further evidence of land surface forcing.
Characteristics of dual mode reflective cholesteric display
Authors: Zola Rafael S. , Nemati Hossein , Yang Young‐Cheol , Yang Deng‐Ke , Liang Chao‐Chiun , Cheng Kung‐Lung , Shiu Frank , Tsai Chen‐Chu 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn this article, we report our study of a dual mode reflective cholesteric display, which works in the traditional bistable mode as well as in the new and fast monostable mode. Because both modes are compatible, they can be used according to the need for video or static images. The bistable mode operates between the reflecting planar state and non‐reflecting focal conic state, both of which are stable at zero voltage. The bistable mode is suitable for displaying static images. In the monostable mode, it is operated on wrinkled cholesteric layers. It is fast and has low driving voltage, and can exhibit gray levels of reflectance determined by the applied voltage. The monostable mode is suitable to display video rate dynamic images.
Precise prediction of optical responses of all types of liquid crystal displays by behavioral models
Authors: Kim Jong‐Man , Cho Youngmin , Kim Jongbin , Lee Seung‐Hyuck , Kim Kwangjoon , Lee Seung‐Woo 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe propose a behavioral circuit model to estimate transient optical responses of an active‐matrix liquid crystal display (AMLCD). We apply it to twisted‐nematic, patterned vertical alignment, and in‐plane switching AMLCDs to verify our model's universality. To obtain more accurate simulation results, we propose a method to obtain the capacitance–voltage data from natural optical responses. We describe the behavior of all types of AMLCDs by using an analog hardware description language, Verilog‐A. We simulate the AMLCD panels by importing the behavioral circuit model in a circuit simulator, Smart‐SPICE. The simulation results of the transient optical responses were almost identical to the measurement ones regardless of liquid crystal modes.
Real‐time up‐converter from HDTV to 4K with super‐resolution: Breaking the Nyquist frequency barrier
Authors: Gohshi Seiichi , Nakamura Shinichiro , Ogasawara Jin 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis real‐time up‐converter from high‐definition television (HDTV) to 4K with a novel super‐resolution (SR) creates 4K video with frequency elements higher than the Nyquist frequency of the original HDTV video. The novel SR uses non‐linear signal processing to overcome the theoretical limitation of the Nyquist frequency.
Relationship between rubbing‐induced anisotropy and surface azimuthal anchoring energy of nematic liquid crystals
Authors: Saito Suguru , Goda Kazuya , Kimura Munehiro , Akahane Tadashi 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe relationship between the rubbing‐induced anisotropy of alignment films and the surface azimuthal anchoring energy of nematic liquid crystals was investigated using three kinds of rubbing cloths. Reflection ellipsometry revealed that the optical surface anisotropy of polyimide alignment films increases monotonically with increasing RS. The surface azimuthal anchoring energy measured by the torque balance method depends on the rubbing‐induced anisotropy of alignment films. This indicates that liquid crystal molecular alignment can be controlled by monitoring the rubbing‐induced optical anisotropy of alignment films when a suitable rubbing cloth is used.