bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement of visual sensitivity in migraine: Validation of two scales and correlation with visual cortex activation
Authors: Cucchiara Brett , Datta Ritobrato , Aguirre Geoffrey K , Idoko Kimberly E , Detre John 
Published: September 2014

Objective The objectives of this article are to compare interictal and ictal visual sensitivity between migraine and controls using two published questionnaires, and to correlate responses with a physiologic measure of visual cortex activation. Methods Migraine with (MWA, n = 51) and without (MwoA, n = 45) aura and control individuals ( n = 45) were enrolled and underwent BOLD fMRI with a visual stimulus. The visual discomfort score (VDS) assessed interictal and the migraine photophobia score (MPS) assessed ictal visual sensitivity. Result VDS was significantly higher both in MWA and MwoA vs controls (both p < 0.0001). MPS was greater in MWA vs MwoA ( p = 0.008). Ictal and interictal visual sensitivity strongly correlated in MWA ( p = 0.004) but not MwoA patients ( p = 0.12). BOLD activation in visual cortex was greater in MWA vs controls (2.7% vs 2.3%, p = 0.003) but similar between MwoA and controls. Increasing VDS was associated with greater BOLD signal change in MWA ( p = 0.03) but not MwoA ( p = 0.65) or controls ( p = 0.53). MPS did not correlate with BOLD activation in either group. Conclusion Increased interictal visual sensitivity is present both in MWA and MwoA. However, the correlation with ictal visual sensitivity and with cortical hyper-responsivity varies between MWA and MwoA, suggesting underlying differences between groups.
Retear Rate in the Late Postoperative Period After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Kim Jae Hwa , Hong In Tae , Ryu Keun Jung , Bong Sun Tae , Lee Yoon Seok , Kim Jang Hwan 
Published: September 2014

Background: Few clinical studies have evaluated the integrity of repaired tendons and identified the timing of retears through the use of serial imaging. Hypothesis: Retears after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair are uncommon in the late postoperative period (after 3 months). Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Among 221 arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs that were performed at a single hospital between May 2010 and February 2012, 61 were involved in this study. Rotator cuff tears consisted of 12 small, 31 medium, 8 large, and 6 massive rotator cuff tears. Additionally, 4 isolated subscapularis tears were included. For clinical evaluation, all patients were assessed both preoperatively and postoperatively by use of the University of California–Los Angeles Shoulder Rating Scale, absolute and relative Constant scores, and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score; active range of motion was assessed as well. For radiological evaluation, all 61 patients had a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation at 3 months postoperatively. Among them, 23 patients were evaluated for repaired tendon integrity on postoperative MRI at a minimum of 1 year after surgery (mean, 14.1 months; range, 12-19 months), and results were classified according to the Sugaya classification: type I, sufficient thickness with homogeneously low intensity on each image; type II, sufficient thickness, partial high-intensity area; type III, less than half the thickness without discontinuity; type IV, minor discontinuity; and type V, major discontinuity. The remaining 38 patients, who refused to undergo MRI again for financial reasons, were evaluated through ultrasound. Results: Statistically significant clinical improvements were observed after surgery. The MRI conducted at 3 months postoperatively identified 9 patients with Sugaya type I, 28 patients with type II, and 24 patients with type III repairs. No patients showed Sugaya type IV or V repairs at postoperative 3 months. Thirty-seven patients who had shown Sugaya type I or II repairs on 3-month postoperative MRI had no retear on imaging study at a minimum of 1 year. Of 24 patients who had shown type III repairs on 3-month postoperative MRI, 1 patient exhibited retear (Sugaya type IV) on 1-year postoperative MRI and 3 patients showed full-thickness retear on 1-year postoperative ultrasonography. All 4 of these patients had had large to massive tears preoperatively. Conclusion: Retears occurred infrequently in the late postoperative period (after 3 months) in well-healed tendons that had shown intact cuff repair integrity with sufficient mechanical and biological healing within the first 3 postoperative months.
Association of the Nipple-Areola Complexes with Age, Parity, and Breastfeeding in Korean Premenopausal Women
Authors: Park In Yang , Kim Mee Ran , Jo Hyun Hee , Lee Min Kyoung , Kim Min Jeong 
Published: September 2014

Background: There is no standard method of measuring the nipple-areola complex or defining the normal range and the changes seen in this complex. Numerous factors are involved in the anthropometric characteristics of the nipple-areola complex. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anthropometric characteristics of the nipple-areola complex related to age, parity, and breastfeeding in 234 premenopausal Korean women (468 breasts). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2011 to June 2012. Five parameters of both nipple-areola complexes were measured in volunteers who were placed in a supine position. The diameters of the nipple-areola complex and the nipple projection were measured using micrometer calipers. Results: The size of the nipple-areola complex increased according to age ( P < .05). The measurements of the right nipple and the vertical diameter of the right areola were larger than those of the left sides in all age groups. There were no differences in the horizontal areola diameter and nipple projection between the 2 sides. The left horizontal areola diameter in breastfeeding parous women was larger than that in the nonbreastfeeding parous women group ( P = .011). The nipple projection was associated with the duration of breastfeeding (especially more than 12 months). The percentage of women with retracted nipples was 11.2%. Conclusion: Our study may be helpful in understanding nipple-areola complex changes related to age, parity, and breastfeeding. These results should be evaluated with larger study cohorts and more longitudinal studies to better understand factors related to changes of the nipple-areola complex.
Cost-effectiveness of annual versus biennial screening mammography for women with high mammographic breast density
Authors: Pataky Reka , Ismail Zahra , Coldman Andrew J , Elwood Mark , Gelmon Karen , Hedden Lindsay , Hislop Greg , Kan Lisa , McCoy Bonnie , Olivotto Ivo A , Peacock Stuart 
Published: September 2014

Objectives The sensitivity of screening mammography is much lower among women who have dense breast tissue, compared with women who have largely fatty breasts, and they are also at much higher risk of developing the disease. Increasing mammography screening frequency from biennially to annually has been suggested as a policy option to address the elevated risk in this population. The purpose of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of annual versus biennial screening mammography among women aged 50–79 with dense breast tissue. Methods A Markov model was constructed based on screening, diagnostic, and treatment pathways for the population-based screening and cancer care programme in British Columbia, Canada. Model probabilities and screening costs were calculated from screening programme data. Costs for breast cancer treatment were calculated from treatment data, and utility values were obtained from the literature. Incremental cost-effectiveness was expressed as cost per quality adjusted life year (QALY), and probabilistic sensitivity analysis was conducted. Results Compared with biennial screening, annual screening generated an additional 0.0014 QALYs (95% CI: −0.0480–0.0359) at a cost of $819 ($ = Canadian dollars) per patient (95% CI: 506–1185), resulting in an incremental cost effectiveness ratio of $565,912/QALY. Annual screening had a 37.5% probability of being cost-effective at a willingness-to-pay threshold of $100,000/QALY. Conclusion There is considerable uncertainty about the incremental cost-effectiveness of annual mammography. Further research on the comparative effectiveness of screening strategies for women with high mammographic breast density is warranted, particularly as digital mammography and density measurement become more widespread, before cost-effectiveness can be reevaluated.
Frontal Lobe Disinhibition, Rett Syndrome and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Niedermeyer E. 
Published: September 2014

Motor cortex hyperexcitability in Rett Syndrome (RS) has been ascribed to the failure of an inhibiting system arising from the frontal lobes, a system needed in childhood and early adolescence. It is also presumed that, on a virtually dysfunctional (nonstructural) basis, motor cortex hyperexcitability in ADHD is also due to insufficient frontal lobe inhibition (“lazy frontal lobe”). A series of schematic illustrations is added for the sake of easier comprehension of the presented concept.
The Epileptic Pre-Aura
Authors: Niedermeyer E. 
Published: September 2014

The term “pre-aura” is used for the designation of earliest pre-ictal manifestations that escape detection by conventional EEG and both objective and subjective behavioral signs. Fairly recent reports have indicated earliest pre-ictal vascular changes (perifocal ischemia and hyperemia) and also changes found in various methods of quantified EEG. These changes may precede the seizure onset (in conventional terms) by 1 to 20 minutes. There is good reason to assume that pre-auras are limited to focal epilepsies and do not occur in the various subforms of primary generalized epilepsy. The electrodecremental type of seizure onset, mostly found in the frontal region, could also denote a pre-aura in the earliest decremental phase. The very earliest pre-aura phenomena are most likely to be neuronal rather than vascular. Further proof could come with the use of ultrafast EEG frequency recordings.
Quantitative Electroencephalography in Frontotemporal Dementia with Methylphenidate Response: A Case Study
Authors: Goforth Harold W. , Konopka Lukasz , Primeau Margaret , Ruth Amity , O'Donnell Kathleen , Patel Roopal , Poprawski Teresa , Shirazi Parvez , Rao Murali 
Published: September 2014

Frontotemporal dementia is an underdiagnosed illness with predominant behavioral and executive manifestations. Historically, diagnosis has been based on a combination of clinical history, neuropsychological testing, and brain imaging. No effective treatment currently exists for this disorder. A case is presented using quantitative EEG with methylphenidate challenge correlated with SPECT. The patient underwent neuropsychological testing, a SPECT brain study, and a quantitative EEG, which was repeated after methylphenidate administration. SPECT was significant for hypoperfusion to the bilateral frontotemporal regions, with left-sided hypoperfusion greater than homologous right as demonstrated by LORETA analysis. QEEG correlated with SPECT, and demonstrated profound left greater than right bi-frontotemporal slowing, which normalized partially after methylphenidate administration. The patient has remained on methylphenidate as an outpatient, and has had significant behavioral improvement. Quantitative EEG may provide both diagnostic and therapeutic data with regard to frontotemporal dementia. Further studies of methylphenidate in this population are needed to confirm these data.
Ring Chromosome 20 with Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus: Electroclinical Correlation of a Rare Epileptic Syndrome
Authors: Locharernkul Chaichon , Ebner Alois , Promchainant Chinvorn 
Published: September 2014

The electroclinical features of two Thai women with ring chromosome 20 and nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) were studied. Both have also had generalized tonic-clonic seizures and complex partial seizures of varying frequencies since adolescence. Their intellectual functions were normal. Twenty-four-hour video/EEG telemetry recorded during the NCSE showed fluctuating consciousness between overt unresponsiveness and normal awareness. The EEG consisted of long-lasting generalized rhythmic 3–5 Hz sharp or slow waves with a few spikes, lasting several days. Despite the continuous discharges, the patients had relatively subtle clinical episodes of seizures, during which they were sometimes responsive to verbal stimuli. Intravenous antiepileptic drugs (AED) had little effect on the rhythmic EEG. No lesion in their MRIs contributed to NCSE. Ring chromosome 20 was found in 20% of female karyotype in both patients [46,XX, r(20) (p13 q13)/46,XX] but were negative in four healthy siblings. Oral AEDs decreased more than 75% of the overt CPS episodes in both patients at 22 and 26 months of follow-up but had no effect on the natural history of electrical NCSE. The patients' daily activities were minimally affected by the ongoing electrical discharges. These are the first two cases reported of ring chromosome 20 with NCSE in Thailand. Our patients present a rather benign and pharmacologically responsive course probably because of the low percentage of r(20) mosaicism. The electroclinical correlations in our cases raise the possibility that the mechanism of continuous rhythmic waves in this syndrome may be unrelated to epilepsy. Assessing the severity of this syndrome using both clinical seizures and EEG is crucial.
Effects of tight computerized glucose control on neurological outcome in severely brain injured patients: a multicenter sub-group analysis of the randomized-controlled open-label CGAO-REA study
Authors: Cinotti Raphaël , Ichai Carole , Orban Jean-Christophe , Kalfon Pierre , Feuillet Fanny , Roquilly Antoine , Riou Bruno , Blanloeil Yvonnick , Asehnoune Karim , Rozec Bertrand 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Hyperglycemia is a marker of poor prognosis in severe brain injuries. There is currently little data regarding the effects of intensive insulin therapy (IIT) on neurological recovery.

Methods
A sub-group analysis of the randomized-controlled CGAO-REA study (NCT01002482) in surgical intensive care units (ICU) of two university hospitals. Patients with severe brain injury, with an expected ICU length of stay ≥48 hours were included. Patients were randomized between a conventional glucose management group (blood glucose target between 5.5 and 9 mmol.L−1) and an IIT group (blood glucose target between 4.4 and 6 mmol.L−1). The primary outcome was the day-90 neurological outcome evaluated with the Glasgow outcome scale.

Results
A total of 188 patients were included in this analysis. In total 98 (52%) patients were randomized in the control group and 90 (48%) in the IIT group. The mean Glasgow coma score at baseline was 7 (±4). Patients in the IIT group received more insulin (130 (68 to 251) IU versus 74 (13 to 165) IU in the control group, P = 0.01), had a significantly lower morning blood glucose level (5.9 (5.1 to 6.7) mmol.L−1 versus 6.5 (5.6 to 7.2) mmol.L−1, P <0.001) in the first 5 days after ICU admission. The IIT group experienced more episodes of hypoglycemia (P <0.0001). In the IIT group 24 (26.6%) patients had a favorable neurological outcome (good recovery or moderate disability) compared to 31 (31.6%) in the control group (P = 0.4). There were no differences in day-28 mortality. The occurrence of hypoglycemia did not influence the outcome.

Conclusions
In this sub-group analysis of a large multicenter randomized trial, IIT did not appear to alter the day-90 neurological outcome or ICU morbidity in severe brain injured patients or ICU morbidity.
Checkpoints couple transcription network oscillator dynamics to cell-cycle progression
Authors: Bristow Sara L , Leman Adam R , Simmons Kovacs Laura A , Deckard Anastasia , Harer John , Haase Steven B 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Background
The coupling of cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) to an intrinsically oscillating network of transcription factors has been proposed to control progression through the cell cycle in budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The transcription network regulates the temporal expression of many genes, including cyclins, and drives cell-cycle progression, in part, by generating successive waves of distinct CDK activities that trigger the ordered program of cell-cycle events. Network oscillations continue autonomously in mutant cells arrested by depletion of CDK activities, suggesting the oscillator can be uncoupled from cell-cycle progression. It is not clear what mechanisms, if any, ensure that the network oscillator is restrained when progression in normal cells is delayed or arrested. A recent proposal suggests CDK acts as a master regulator of cell-cycle processes that have the potential for autonomous oscillatory behavior.

Results
Here we find that mitotic CDK is not sufficient for fully inhibiting transcript oscillations in arrested cells. We do find that activation of the DNA replication and spindle assembly checkpoints can fully arrest the network oscillator via overlapping but distinct mechanisms. Further, we demonstrate that the DNA replication checkpoint effector protein, Rad53, acts to arrest a portion of transcript oscillations in addition to its role in halting cell-cycle progression.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that checkpoint mechanisms, likely via phosphorylation of network transcription factors, maintain coupling of the network oscillator to progression during cell-cycle arrest.
Maintenance of human amnion epithelial cell phenotype in pulmonary surfactant
Authors: McDonald Courtney A , Melville Jacqueline M , Polglase Graeme R , Jenkin Graham , Moss Timothy JM 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Preterm newborns often require mechanical respiratory support that can result in ventilation-induced lung injury (VILI), despite exogenous surfactant treatment. Human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs) reduce lung inflammation and resultant abnormal lung development in preterm animals; co-administration with surfactant is a potential therapeutic strategy. We aimed to determine whether hAECs remain viable and maintain function after combination with surfactant.

Methods
hAECs were incubated in surfactant (Curosurf) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for 30 minutes at 37°C. Cell viability, phenotype (by flow cytometry), inhibition of T-cell proliferative responses and differentiation into lung epithelium-like cells (assessed with immunohistochemical staining of surfactant protein (SP)-A) were investigated.

Results
Cell viability and apoptosis of hAECs were not altered by surfactant, and hAEC phenotype was not altered. hAECs maintained expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-ABC after surfactant exposure. Expression of HLA-DR, CD80 and CD86 was not increased. Immunosuppression of T cells by hAECs was not altered by surfactant. hAEC differentiation into lung epithelium-like cells was equivalent after exposure to PBS or surfactant, and SP-A expression was equivalent.

Conclusion
Surfactant exposure does not alter viability or function of hAECs. Thus a combination therapy of hAECs and surfactant may be an efficacious therapy to ameliorate or prevent preterm lung disease.
The Peutz-Jeghers kinase LKB1 suppresses polyp growth from intestinal cells of a proglucagon-expressing lineage
Authors: Zac-Verghese Sagen , Trapp Stefan , Richards Paul , Sayers Sophie , Sun Gao , Bloom Stephen R. , Reimann Frank , Gribble Fiona M. , Rutter Guy A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractLiver kinase B1 (LKB1; also known as STK11) is a serine/threonine kinase and tumour suppressor that is mutated in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS), a premalignant syndrome associated with the development of gastrointestinal polyps. Proglucagon-expressing enteroendocrine cells are involved in the control of glucose homeostasis and the regulation of appetite through the secretion of gut hormones such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) (incretins). To determine the role of LKB1 in these cells, we bred mice bearing floxed alleles of Lkb1 against animals carrying Cre recombinase under proglucagon promoter control. These mice (GluLKB1KO) were viable and displayed near-normal growth rates and glucose homeostasis. However, they developed large polyps at the gastro-duodenal junction, and displayed premature mortality (death from 120 days of age). Histological analysis of the polyps demonstrated that they had a PJS-like appearance with an arborising smooth-muscle core. Circulating GLP-1 levels were normal in GluLKB1KO mice and the polyps expressed low levels of the peptide, similar to levels in the neighbouring duodenum. Lineage tracing using a Rosa26tdRFP transgene revealed, unexpectedly, that enterocytes within the polyps were derived from non-proglucagon-expressing precursors, whereas connective tissue was largely derived from proglucagon-expressing precursors. Developmental studies in wild-type mice suggested that a subpopulation of proglucagon-expressing cells undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to become smooth-muscle-like cells. Thus, it is likely that polyps in the GluLKB1KO mice developed from a unique population of smooth-muscle-like cells derived from a proglucagon-expressing precursor. The loss of LKB1 within this subpopulation seems to be sufficient to drive tumorigenesis.
Bitter stimuli modulates the feeding decision of a blood-sucking insect via two sensory inputs
Authors: Pontes Gina , Minoli Sebastian , Ortega Insaurralde Isabel , de Brito Sanchez Maria Gabriela , Barrozo Romina B. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe gustatory system of animals is involved in the food quality assessment and controls the feeding decision of an individual confronted to a potential alimentary source. Triatomines are haematophagous insects that feed on vertebrate's blood. Once they reach a potential host, they walk over their skin searching for an adequate site to pierce. Then, they insert their stylets and take a first sampling gorge to decide if food is acceptable or not. Our work reveals that the presence of bitter compounds inhibits the feeding behavior of these bugs. Firstly, triatomines decreased their feeding behavior if substrates spread with quinine or caffeine were detected by external receptors localized exclusively in the antennae. Morphological inspections along with electrophysiological recordings revealed the existence of four gustatory sensilla located in the tip of the antenna that respond to both bitter tastants. The absence of these bitter detectors by antennal ablation reversed the observed feeding inhibition evoked by bitter compounds. Secondly, once triatomines pumped the first volume of food with bitter compounds (quinine, caffeine, berberine, salicin), a decrease in their feeding behavior was observed. Morphological inspections revealed the existence of 8 gustatory sensilla located in the pharynx that might be responsible for the internal bitter detection. Finally, we found that a brief pre-exposure to bitter compounds negatively modulates the motivation of bugs to feed on an appetitive solution. Results presented here highlight the relevance of bitter taste perception in the modulation of the feeding behavior of a blood-sucking insect.
A Liposome Reversibly Coated with Serum Albumin
Authors: Sato Hikari , Nakamura Yuta , Nakhaei Elnaz , Funamoto Daiki , Kim Chan Woo , Yamamoto Tatsuhiro , Kishimura Akihiro , Mori Takeshi , Katayama Yoshiki 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Herein, we reported a design of liposome affording a reversible coating of serum albumin on its surface. We synthesized a lipid modified with a serum albumin-specific endogenous ligand and prepared liposome, including this lipid. We successfully confirmed the coating of the liposome surface with serum albumin. The liposome presented here would be applicable to a drug carrier with enhanced blood circulation.