bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spanish consensus document for acceptance and rejection of kidneys from expanded criteria donors
Authors: Lledó‐García E. , Riera L. , Passas J. , Paredes D. , Morales J. M. , Sánchez‐Escuredo A. , Burgos‐Revilla F. J. , de Andrés Belmonte A. , Oppenheimer F. , Rodríguez‐Ferrero M. L. , Solé M. , Matesanz R. , Valentín M. , Pascual J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn the recent years, more than 60% of available deceased donors are either older than 50 yr or have significant vascular comorbidities. This makes the acceptance and rejection criteria of renal allografts very rigorous, especially in cases of younger recipients, and at the same time encourages live donations. In our country, there is a lack of homogeneity in the percentages of use of expanded criteria donor (ECD) allografts between the different autonomous communities. Furthermore, the criteria vary greatly, and in some cases, great importance is given to the biopsy while in others very little. In this study, we present a unified and homogenous criteria agreed upon by consensus of a 10‐member Panel representing major scientific societies related to renal transplantation in Spain. The criteria are to be used in accepting and/or rejecting kidneys from the so‐called ECDs. The goal was to standardize the use of these organs, to optimize the results, and most importantly to provide for the maximum well being of our patients. Finally, we believe that after taking into account the Panel's thorough review of specific scientific literature, this document will be adaptable to other national renal transplant programmes.
Paired box 2 upregulates androgen receptor gene expression in androgen‐independent prostate cancer
Authors: Ito Saya , Ueda Takashi , Ueno Akihisa , Nakagawa Hideo , Taniguchi Hidefumi , Hongo Fumiya , Kamoi Kazumi , Okihara Koji , Kawauchi Akihiro , Miki Tsuneharu 
Published: August 2014

Androgen‐independent prostate cancer is known as a hormone‐refractory disease. Although the androgen receptor (AR) is considered to be a key regulator of androgen‐independent prostate cancer progression, the mechanism through which AR gene expression is regulated is not well understood. In the present study, we showed that the AR gene was upregulated by paired box 2 (PAX2) in androgen‐independent prostate cancer. When PAX2 upregulated AR gene expression, a decrease in DNA methylation of the AR gene locus was also observed. PAX2 was highly expressed and promoted cell growth in an androgen‐independent prostate cancer cell line (22Rv1). The cell growth inhibition by PAX2 knockdown was rescued by AR overexpression in 22Rv1 cells. In a mouse xenograft model of androgen‐independent prostate cancer, PAX2 knockdown inhibited tumor growth and AR gene expression and also increased DNA methylation of the AR gene. Consistent with this, AR and PAX2 expression levels were positively correlated in prostate cancer patients. These findings suggested that PAX2 promoted cancer cell growth in androgen‐independent prostate cancer by regulating AR gene expression through an epigenetic mechanism.
Prevalence of root canal treatment and periapical radiolucency in elders: a systematic review
Authors: Hamedy Reza , Shakiba Bita , Pak Jaclyn G. , Barbizam Joao V. , Ogawa Rikke S. , White Shane N. 
Published: August 2014

IntroductionNeither the prevalence of periapical radiolucency (PARL), a surrogate for disease, nor the prevalence of non‐surgical root canal treatment (NSRCT) in elders have been subjected to systematic review. The purpose of this study was to conduct systematic review and meta‐analysis of the prevalence of PARL and NSRCT in elders.MethodsInclusion/exclusion criteria were used for defined searches in MEDLINE and Cochrane CENTRAL. Title lists were scanned and abstracts read to determine utility; articles meeting the criteria were analyzed. Weighted mean percentages were calculated for prevalence of PARL, NSRCT, and PARL in both teeth with and without NSRCT.ResultsDefined searching produced 3576 titles; 29 prevalence articles were included. Patient samples mostly represented modern populations from countries with very high human development indices. Meta‐analyses were performed on up to 74 000 elders’ teeth. For those aged 65+, the prevalence of all teeth with NSRCT was extremely high, 21%; the prevalence of all teeth with PARL was quite high, 7%; the prevalence of PARL in NSRCT teeth was high, 25%; and the prevalence of PARL in untreated teeth was surprisingly high, 4%. In elders, the prevalence of NSRCT and PARL separately increased with age; whereas, PARL in NSRCT teeth decreased with age.ConclusionsIn comparison to general adult populations, elders had: a much higher prevalence of NSRCT, a higher prevalence of PARL, a lower prevalence of PARL in NSRCT teeth, and a higher prevalence of PARL in untreated teeth. Teeth saved through NSRCT were preferentially retained by elders.
Reported side effects of intravenous midazolam sedation when used in paediatric dentistry: a review
Authors: Papineni McIntosh Arathi , Ashley Paul Francis , Lourenço‐Matharu Liege 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundIntravenous (IV) midazolam may be of value as an alternative paediatric dental sedation technique, but there is some apprehension concerning its routine use due to a lack of evidence regarding its safety and side effects.AimTo review all available literature reporting the side effects of IV midazolam in children undergoing dental procedures.DesignBoth randomised controlled trials (RCT) and non‐randomised studies were reviewed. Reported side effects were categorised as either significant or minor, and the percentage prevalence of significant or minor side effects per episode of treatment was calculated.ResultsFive RCTs were included, in which no significant side events were reported; however, minor side effects were recorded (n = 33, 19.5%), with paradoxical reaction being the most common (n = 11, 6.5%). Six non‐randomised studies were included, in which no significant side effects were reported; however, minor side effects were reported (n = 118, 16.8%) with paradoxical reaction being the most common (n = 89, 12.7%).ConclusionsAlthough no significant side effects were recorded, of the minor side effects reported paradoxical reaction was the most common. Due to inconsistency in side effect reporting, the authors suggest the application of a standardised adverse event reporting tool for future studies of sedation in paediatric dentistry.
AnIn VitroBiomechanical Comparison of Hydroxyapatite Coated and Uncoated AO Cortical Bone Screws for a Limited Contact: Dynamic Compression Plate Fixation of Osteotomized Equine 3rd Metacarpal Bones
Authors: Durham Myra E. , Sod Gary A. , Riggs Laura M. , Mitchell Colin F. 
Published: August 2014

ObjectivesTo compare the monotonic biomechanical properties of a broad 4.5 mm limited contact‐dynamic compression plate (LC‐DCP) fixation secured with hydroxyapatite (HA) coated cortical bone screws (HA‐LC‐DCP) versus uncoated cortical bone screws (AO‐LC‐DCP) to repair osteotomized equine 3rd metacarpal (MC3) bones.Study DesignExperimental.Sample PopulationAdult equine cadaveric MC3 bones (n = 12 pair).MethodsTwelve pairs of equine MC3 were divided into 3 test groups (4 pairs each) for: (1) 4 point bending single cycle to failure testing; (2) 4 point bending cyclic fatigue testing; and (3) torsional single cycle to failure testing. For the HA‐LC‐DCP‐MC3 construct, an 8‐hole broad LC‐DCP (Synthes Ltd, Paoli, PA) was secured on the dorsal surface of each randomly selected MC3 bone with a combination of four 5.5 mm and four 4.5 mm HA‐coated cortical screws. For the AO‐LC‐DCP‐MC3 construct, an 8‐hole 4.5 mm broad LC‐DCP was secured on the dorsal surface of the contralateral MC3 bone with a combination of four 5.5 mm and four 4.5 mm uncoated cortical screws. All MC3 bones had mid‐diaphyseal osteotomies. Mean test variable values for each method were compared using a pairedt‐test within each group. Significance was set atP < .05.ResultsMean yield load, yield bending moment, composite rigidity, failure load, and failure bending moment, under 4 point bending, single cycle to failure, of the HA‐LC‐DCP fixation were significantly greater than those of the AO‐LC‐DCP fixation. Mean ± SD values for the HA‐LC‐DCP and the AO‐LC‐DCP fixation techniques, respectively, in single cycle to failure under 4 point bending were: yield load, 26.7 ± 2.15 and 16.3 ± 1.38 kN; yield bending moment, 527.4 ± 42.4 and 322.9 ± 27.2 N‐m; composite rigidity, 5306 ± 399 and 3003 ± 300 N‐m/rad; failure load, 40.6 ± 3.94 and 26.5 ± 2.52 kN; and failure bending moment, 801.9 ± 77.9 and 522.9 ± 52.2 N‐m. Mean cycles to failure in 4 point bending of the HA‐LC‐DCP fixation (116,274 ± 13,211) was significantly greater than that of the AO‐LC‐DCP fixation 47,619 ± 6580. Mean yield load, mean composite rigidity, and mean failure load under torsional testing, single cycle to failure was significantly greater for the broad HA‐LC‐DCP fixation compared with the AO‐LC‐DCP fixation. In single cycle to failure under torsion, mean ± SD values for the HA‐LC‐DCP and the AO‐LC‐DCP fixation techniques, respectively, were: yield load, 101.3 ± 14.68 and 70.54 ± 10.20 N‐m; composite rigidity, 437.9 ± 32.9 and 220.7 ± 17.6 N‐m/rad; and failure load: 105.7 ± 15.5 and 75.28 ± 10.1 N‐m.ConclusionHA‐LC‐DCP was superior to AO‐LC‐DCP in resisting the static overload forces (palmarodorsal 4 point bending and torsional) and in resisting cyclic fatigue under palmarodorsal 4 point bending.
A Robust Procedure for High‐Precision Determination of Rare Earth Element Concentrations in Seawater
Authors: Zheng Xin‐Yuan , Yang Jingjing , Henderson Gideon M. 
Published: August 2014

This study reports a robust procedure that permits precise measurement of all fourteen naturally occurring rare earth element (REE) concentrations, present at ng kg−1 to sub ng kg−1 levels, in ~ 100 ml seawater. This procedure is simple and can be routinely applied to measure seawater REEs with relatively high sample throughput. The procedure involves addition of a 142Ce‐145Nd‐171Yb‐enriched spike mixture, iron co‐precipitation, REE purification with chromatographic separation and the use of a magnetic‐sector‐field ICP‐MS (Element 2) coupled with a desolvating sample introduction system (Aridus 1). Critical steps of the procedure, including co‐precipitation pH and matrix removal, have been optimised through a set of experiments described here. The accuracy of the new procedure was assessed against a gravimetric mixture of REEs, and the precision was demonstrated by repeated measurement of two well‐mixed natural seawaters. Repeated analyses of these seawater reference materials (RMs), using ~ 100 ml seawater for each aliquot, indicate precision of 3% (1s) for the REEs. Measured REE concentrations of two uncertified seawater RMs (CASS‐4 and NASS‐5) are consistent with published values, and REE concentrations of the GEOTRACES intercalibration samples show good agreement with those reported by other participant laboratories. REE concentrations for other intercalibration samples (SAFe and Arctic PS70) are also reported.
Valsartan independent of AT1 receptor inhibits tissue factor, TLR‐2 and ‐4 expression by regulation of Egr‐1 through activation of AMPK in diabetic conditions
Authors: Ha Yu Mi , Park Eun Jung , Kang Young Jin , Park Sang Won , Kim Hye Jung , Chang Ki Churl 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPatients suffering from diabetes mellitus (DM) are at a severe risk of atherothrombosis. Early growth response (Egr)‐1 is well characterized as a central mediator in vascular pathophysiology. We tested whether valsartan independent of Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) can reduce tissue factor (TF) and toll‐like receptor (TLR)‐2 and ‐4 by regulating Egr‐1 in THP‐1 cells and aorta in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mice. High glucose (HG, 15 mM) increased expressions of Egr‐1, TF, TLR‐2 and ‐4 which were significantly reduced by valsartan. HG increased Egr‐1 expression by activation of PKC and ERK1/2 in THP‐1 cells. Valsartan increased AMPK phosphorylation in a concentration and time‐dependent manner via activation of LKB1. Valsartan inhibited Egr‐1 without activation of PKC or ERK1/2. The reduced expression of Egr‐1 by valsartan was reversed by either silencing Egr‐1, or compound C, or DN‐AMPK‐transfected cells. Valsartan inhibited binding of NF‐κB and Egr‐1 to TF promoter in HG condition. Furthermore, valsartan reduced inflammatory cytokine (TNF‐α, IL‐6 and IL‐1β) production and NF‐κB activity in HG‐activated THP‐1 cells. Interestingly, these effects of valsartan were not affected by either silencing AT1R in THP‐1 cells or CHO cells, which were devoid of AT1R. Importantly, administration of valsartan (20 mg/kg, i.p) for 8 weeks significantly reduced plasma TF activity, expression of Egr‐1, TLR‐2, ‐4 and TF in thoracic aorta and improved glucose tolerance of streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mice. Taken together, we concluded that valsartan may reduce atherothrombosis in diabetic conditions through AMPK/Egr‐1 regulation.
The Global Crisis and Equity Market Contagion
Authors: BEKAERT GEERT , EHRMANN MICHAEL , FRATZSCHER MARCEL , MEHL ARNAUD 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTWe analyze the transmission of the 2007 to 2009 financial crisis to 415 country‐industry equity portfolios. We use a factor model to predict crisis returns, defining unexplained increases in factor loadings and residual correlations as indicative of contagion. While we find evidence of contagion from the United States and the global financial sector, the effects are small. By contrast, there has been substantial contagion from domestic markets to individual domestic portfolios, with its severity inversely related to the quality of countries’ economic fundamentals. This confirms the “wake‐up call” hypothesis, with markets focusing more on country‐specific characteristics during the crisis.
Central type primitive neuroectodermal tumor/neuroblastoma of the uterus: A case report
Authors: Shimada Chisa , Todo Yukiharu , Okamoto Kazuhira , Akashi Daisuke , Yamashiro Katsushige , Hasegawa Tadashi 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe encountered a 63‐year‐old woman who had a uterine tumor with peritoneal dissemination and para‐aortic lymph node metastasis. Microscopic specimens of the tumor showed a small blue round‐cell tumor. Immunohistochemistry showed cells to be negative for cytokeratin AE1/3, desmin, myogenin, CD10, CD34, and CD99, focal positive for vimentin, and positive for muscle‐specific actin (HHF‐35), neurofilament, synaptophysin and CD56. Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed no split signal showing Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1 gene translocation. Deletion of 1p36 was identified in 30% of the tumor cells. These findings are thought to be equivalent to central type primitive neuroectodermal tumors/neuroblastoma. Cytoreductive debulking surgery followed by chemotherapy, including cyclophosphamide, vincristine and adriamycin, resulted in complete remission. She has no evidence of disease at 24 months after surgery.
Regulation of Rfa2 phosphorylation in response to genotoxic stress in Candida albicans
Authors: Gao Jiaxin , Wang Haitao , Wong Ada Hang‐Heng , Zeng Guisheng , Huang Zhenxing , Wang Yanming , Sang Jianli , Wang Yue 
Published: August 2014

SummarySuccessful pathogens must be able to swiftly respond to and repair DNA damages inflicted by the host defence. The replication protein A (RPA) complex plays multiple roles in DNA damage response and is regulated by phosphorylation. However, the regulators of RPA phosphorylation remain unclear. Here, we investigated Rfa2 phosphorylation in the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans. Rfa2, a RFA subunit, is phosphorylated when DNA replication is inhibited by hydroxyurea and dephosphorylated during the recovery. By screening a phosphatase mutant library, we found that Pph3 associates with different regulatory subunits to differentially control Rfa2 dephosphorylation in stressed and unstressed cells. Site‐directed mutagenesis revealed T11, S18, S29, and S30 being critical for Rfa2 phosphorylation in response to genotoxic insult. We obtained evidence that the genome integrity checkpoint kinase Mec1 and the cyclin‐dependent kinase Clb2–Cdc28 mediate Rfa2 phosphorylation. Although cells expressing either a phosphomimetic or a non‐phosphorylatable version of Rfa2 had defects, the latter exhibited greater sensitivity to genotoxic challenge, failure to repair DNA damages and to deactivate Rad53‐mediated checkpoint pathways in a dosage‐dependent manner. These mutants were also less virulent in mice. Our results provide important new insights into the regulatory mechanism and biological significance of Rfa2 phosphorylation in C. albicans.
MALDI‐MS Lipid Profiles of Oocytes Recovered by Ovum Pickup from Bos indicus and 1/2 indicus × taurus with High vs Low Oocyte Yields
Authors: Silva‐Santos KC , Ferreira CR , Santos GMG , Eberlin MN , Siloto LS , Rosa CO , Marcantonio TN , Seneda MM 
Published: August 2014

ContentsThe aim of the present study was to compare the lipid profile in oocytes of indicus and 1/2 indicus × taurus cows with high and low antral follicle count (AFC)/oocyte yields. After an OPU procedure (D0), antral follicles ≥3 mm were counted by ultrasonography (D4, 19, 34, 49, 64), and cows were assigned to groups with either high AFC (≥30 follicles; indicus, NH group; 1/2 indicus × taurus, AH group) or low AFC (≤15 antral follicles; indicus, NL group; 1/2 indicus × taurus, AL group). The lipid profiles of the oocytes were determined by MALDI‐MS. For GI, GII and GIII oocytes, the indicus samples tend to cluster separately from the 1/2 indicus × taurus samples. The lipid species [PC (P‐38:5) + H]+ and/or [PC (P‐36:2) + Na]+, [PC (38:2) + H]+, [PC (38:5) + Na]+ and [TAG (60:8) + NH4]+ were more abundant in indicus (NH and NL groups) than 1/2 indicus × taurus. The higher lipid content in the indicus oocytes likely reflects differences in the rate of lipid metabolism and may contribute to oocyte competence and embryo development.
Spatial distributions of soil chemical and physical properties prior to planting soybean in soil under ridge‐, no‐ and conventional‐tillage in a maize–soybean rotation
Authors: Fan R. Q. , Yang X. M. , Drury C. F. , Reynolds W. D. , Zhang X. P. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDetailed information on the profile distributions of agronomically important soil properties in the planting season can be used as criteria to select the best soil tillage practices. Soil cores (0–60 cm) were collected in May, 2012 (before soybean planting), from soil transects on a 30‐yr tillage experiment, including no‐tillage (NT), ridge tillage (RT) and mouldboard plough (MP) on a Brookston clay loam soil (mesic Typic Argiaquoll). Soil cores were taken every 19 cm across three corn rows and these were used to investigate the lateral and vertical profile characteristics of soil organic carbon (SOC), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soil volumetric water content (SWC), bulk density (BD), and penetration resistance (PR). Compared to NT and MP, the RT system resulted in greater spatial heterogeneity of soil properties across the transect. Average SOC concentrations in the top 10 cm layer were significantly greater in RT than in NT and MP (P = 0.05). NT soil contained between 0.8 and 2.5% (vol/vol) more water in the top 0–30 cm than RT and MP, respectively. MP soil had lower PR and BD in the plough layer compared to NT and RT soils, with both soil properties increasing sharply with depth in MP. The RT had lower PR relative to NT in the upper 35 cm of soil on the crop rows. Overall, RT was a superior conservation tillage option than NT in this clay loam soil; however, MP had the most favourable soil conditions in upper soil layers for early crop development across all treatments.
Catheter Ablation and Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy as First- or Second-Line Therapy in the Management of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Khan Abdur Rahman , Khan Sobia , Sheikh Mujeeb A. , Khuder Sadik , Grubb Blair , Moukarbel George V. 
Published: August 2014

Background—
The optimal management of atrial fibrillation remains unclear. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to examine the safety and the efficacy of catheter ablation (CA) when compared with antiarrhythmic drug therapy both as first- and second-line therapy for the maintenance of sinus rhythm in atrial fibrillation.

Methods and Results—

Several databases were searched from inception to March 2014, which yielded 11 studies with 1481 patients with atrial fibrillation. The outcomes measured were recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmia and the incidence of adverse events. A subgroup analysis was done to evaluate the efficacy of CA as first- or second-line therapy. There was recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmia in 222 of 785 (28%) patients who underwent CA and in 451 of 696 (65%) patients who were on antiarrhythmic drug therapy (relative risk, 0.40; 95% confidence interval, 0.31−0.52;
P
=0.00001). Subgroup analysis revealed a beneficial effect of CA both as a first-line (relative risk, 0.52; 95% confidence interval, 0.30−0.91;
P
=0.02) and as a second-line (relative risk, 0.37; 95% confidence interval, 0.29−0.48;
P
<0.00001) therapeutic modality. There was a significantly higher incidence of major adverse events in the CA group when compared with those in the antiarrhythmic drug therapy group (relative risk, 2.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.10–3.77;
P
=0.02,
I
2
=0%).

Conclusions—
CA seems to be superior to antiarrhythmic drug therapy in drug naïve, resistant, and intolerant patients with atrial fibrillation. However, it should be performed in carefully selected patients after weighing the risks and benefits of the procedure.
Predicting invasive breast cancer versus DCIS in different age groups
Authors: Ayvaci Mehmet US , Alagoz Oguzhan , Chhatwal Jagpreet , Munoz del Rio Alejandro , Sickles Edward A , Nassif Houssam , Kerlikowske Karla , Burnside Elizabeth S 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Background
Increasing focus on potentially unnecessary diagnosis and treatment of certain breast cancers prompted our investigation of whether clinical and mammographic features predictive of invasive breast cancer versus ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) differ by age.

Methods
We analyzed 1,475 malignant breast biopsies, 1,063 invasive and 412 DCIS, from 35,871 prospectively collected consecutive diagnostic mammograms interpreted at University of California, San Francisco between 1/6/1997 and 6/29/2007. We constructed three logistic regression models to predict the probability of invasive cancer versus DCIS for the following groups: women ≥ 65 (older group), women 50–64 (middle age group), and women < 50 (younger group). We identified significant predictors and measured the performance in all models using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).

Results
The models for older and the middle age groups performed significantly better than the model for younger group (AUC = 0.848 vs, 0.778; p = 0.049 and AUC = 0.851 vs, 0.778; p = 0.022, respectively). Palpability and principal mammographic finding were significant predictors in distinguishing invasive from DCIS in all age groups. Family history of breast cancer, mass shape and mass margins were significant positive predictors of invasive cancer in the older group whereas calcification distribution was a negative predictor of invasive cancer (i.e. predicted DCIS). In the middle age group—mass margins, and in the younger group—mass size were positive predictors of invasive cancer.

Conclusions
Clinical and mammographic finding features predict invasive breast cancer versus DCIS better in older women than younger women. Specific predictive variables differ based on age.