bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protocol for the Femoroacetabular Impingement Trial (FAIT)
Authors: Palmer A. J. R. , Ayyar-Gupta V. , Dutton S. J. , Rombach I. , Cooper C. D. , Pollard T. C. , Hollinghurst D. , Taylor A. , Barker K. L. , McNally E. G. , Beard D. J. , Andrade A. J. , Carr A. J. , Glyn-Jones S. 
Published: November 2014

AimsFemoroacetabular Junction Impingement (FAI) describes abnormalities in the shape of the femoral head–neck junction, or abnormalities in the orientation of the acetabulum. In the short term, FAI can give rise to pain and disability, and in the long-term it significantly increases the risk of developing osteoarthritis. The Femoroacetabular Impingement Trial (FAIT) aims to determine whether operative or non-operative intervention is more effective at improving symptoms and preventing the development and progression of osteoarthritis.MethodsFAIT is a multicentre superiority parallel two-arm randomised controlled trial comparing physiotherapy and activity modification with arthroscopic surgery for the treatment of symptomatic FAI. Patients aged 18 to 60 with clinical and radiological evidence of FAI are eligible. Principal exclusion criteria include previous surgery to the index hip, established osteoarthritis (Kellgren–Lawrence ≥ 2), hip dysplasia (centre-edge angle < 20°), and completion of a physiotherapy programme targeting FAI within the previous 12 months. Recruitment will take place over 24 months and 120 patients will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio and followed up for three years. The two primary outcome measures are change in hip outcome score eight months post-randomisation (approximately six-months post-intervention initiation) and change in radiographic minimum joint space width 38 months post-randomisation. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01893034. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2014;3:321–7.
The COMET Sleep Research Platform
Authors: Nichols Deborah A. , DeSalvo Steven , Miller Ric , Jonsson Darrell , Griffin Kara S. , Hyde Pamela R. , Walsh James K. , Kushida Clete A. 
Published: November 2014

Introduction: The Comparative Outcomes Management with Electronic Data Technology
(COMET) platform is extensible and designed for facilitating multicenter electronic
clinical research.Background: Our research goals were the following: (1) to conduct a
comparative effectiveness trial (CET) for two obstructive sleep apnea
treatments—positive airway pressure versus oral appliance therapy; and (2) to establish
a new electronic network infrastructure that would support this study and other clinical
research studies.Discussion: The COMET platform was created to satisfy the needs of CET
with a focus on creating a platform that provides comprehensive toolsets, multisite
collaboration, and end-to-end data management. The platform also provides medical
researchers the ability to visualize and interpret data using business intelligence (BI)
tools.Conclusion: COMET is a research platform that is scalable and extensible, and
which, in a future version, can accommodate big data sets and enable efficient and
effective research across multiple studies and medical specialties. The COMET platform
components were designed for an eventual move to a cloud computing infrastructure that
enhances sustainability, overall cost effectiveness, and return on investment.
Changes in seagrass leaf reddening and morphology in response to emersion
Authors: Apichanangkool Pemika , Prathep Anchana 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Intertidal seagrasses often cope with a complex combination of stresses during low tide, especially light, temperature, and desiccation, which influence seagrass survival mechanisms, consequently forming zonation patterns along the shore. To investigate whether seagrass pigment and leaf morphological characteristics change in response to emersion, we sampled three intertidal seagrass species (Halophila ovalis, Cymodocea rotundata, and Thalassia hemprichii) in Laem Yong Lam, Haad Chao Mai National Park, Trang, Thailand. Using transplantation methods across the upper and lower intertidal zones, where emersion times differ, we found that these three seagrass species have different adaptive strategies to grow under stresses in the intertidal zone. All three seagrass species responded to decreasing emersion times by decreasing leaf length and width. The leaf sheath of C. rotundata increased in length with decreasing emersion times. Our research provides a characterization of different seagrass strategies, which involve differential changes in leaf pigmentation and morphological adjustments to survive under stresses during emersion in the intertidal zone.
Extracts of macroalgae from the Brazilian coast inhibit bacterial quorum sensing
Authors: Batista Daniela , Carvalho Ana Polycarpa , Costa Rafaela , Coutinho Ricardo , Dobretsov Sergey 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The ability of polar (1:1 water/methanol) and non-polar (dichloromethane) extracts of macroalgae from Arraial do Cabo, RJ, Brazil, to inhibit quorum sensing (QS) was investigated. Before extraction, half of the algae were treated with 30% ethanol to kill and remove surface-associated bacteria. Twenty of 22 polar extracts inhibited the QS of the acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) producer and reporter Chromobacterium violaceum CV017 with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 0.28 μg ml-1 (Ulva
fasciata) to 189 μg ml-1 (Codium sp.). The MIC of non-polar extracts varied from 69 μg ml-1 (Sargassum furcatum) to 2730 μg ml-1 (Peyssonnelia capensis). Usually, extracts from algae with associated bacteria had a higher bioactivity than ones without them. Among 11 algal species tested, 50% of extracts with associated bacteria were toxic to C. violaceum CV026. None of the extracts contained AHLs, which was shown using reporters C. violaceum CV026 and Agrobacterium tumefaciens NTL4 (pZLR4). Polar (11%) and non-polar extracts (2%) inhibited QS-dependent attachment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 at tissue-level concentrations. Our data suggest that secondary metabolites from algae and their associated microbiota are an important source of QS inhibitors, which potentially can be used in future biotechnological applications.
Effect of Operating Parameters on Ethanol–Water Vacuum Separation in an Ethanol Dehydration Apparatus and Process Modeling with ANN
Authors: Karimi S. , Ghobadian B. , Najafi G. , Nikian A. , Mamat R. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Bioethanol has been found to be a suitable substitute for gasoline in internal combustion engines. It could be used either in an undiluted form or blended with gasoline. To blend the ethanol and gasoline, the water content of ethanol should reach 0.5% or less. In the present research work, 3A Zeolite was used as an absorbent with vacuum distillation. The effects of the operating parameters such as temperature, vacuum pressure and vapor flow rate on ethanol–water separation were investigated. Final ethanol concentration was obtained at the end of every run as well as the concentration of outlet ethanol. Both linear regression and ANN design were used to determine the best fit for two final parameters. The optimum condition was obtained at 0.4 bar vacuum pressure and 20 l/min ethanol–water vapor flow rate. ANN model is more qualified to the simulation of outspread data while the linear regression is not. L10L10 mode and L5T10 mode provide the best results for final concentration and total time, respectively. The Trainlm Algorithm like the previous research training algorithm is the best.
Opto-electrical Behavior of Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3–Pb0.97La0.03(Zr,Ti)O3 Transparent Ceramics with Varying Defect Structure
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Maurya Deepam , Zhou Yuan , Metzman Jonathan , Heflin James R. , Bodnar Robert , Priya Shashank 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe report correlation between the electro-mechanical, ferroelectric, optical and opto-electric behavior in Pb(Zn
Information flow control for workflow management systems
Authors: Bauereiß Thomas , Hutter Dieter 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Workflow management plays an important role in analyzing and automating business processes.
Security requirements in workflow management systems are typically mapped to (role-based) access control configurations.
This paper focuses on information flow control, taking into account implicit information leaks.
The presented approach operates on a specification level in which no executable program is available yet.
We illustrate the modeling of a workflow management system as a composition of state-event systems, each representing one of the activities of the workflow. This facilitates distributed deployment and eases verification by splitting up the verification of the overall system into verification of the individual components. Confidentiality requirements are
modeled in terms of information flow predicates using the MAKS framework and verified following
existing decomposition methodologies, which are adapted for open systems with ongoing user
interaction.
We discuss the interaction with other security requirements, notably separation of duty.
Designing networks for challenging applications
Authors: Scheuermann Björn 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Most networks in use today, most prominently the Internet, follow a design philosophy which aims to support a broad range of applications.
This comes to a limit when the combination of application and environment poses increasing challenges with respect to scarce resources (like bandwidth, latency or energy).
It also fails if the challenges stem from application requirements that are violated by core network protocols, like, for instance, anonymity requirements in a network using unique addresses.
This observation motivates an overarching perspective on the design of network
protocols in such cases, which takes the interplay between network and
application explicitly into consideration – a challenge which is tackled for several application areas in my research group.
The linear-hyper-branching spectrum of temporal logics
Authors: Finkbeiner Bernd , Rabe Markus N. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The family of temporal logics has recently
been extended with logics for the specification of hyperproperties,
such as noninterference or observational
determinism. Hyperproperties relate multiple computation paths of
a system by requiring that they satisfy a certain relationship, such as an
identical valuation of the low-security outputs. Unlike classic
temporal logics like LTL or CTL*, which refer to one computation path at a time, temporal logics for
hyperproperties like HyperLTL and HyperCTL* can express such
relationships by explicitly quantifying over multiple computation paths simultaneously.
In this paper, we study the extended spectrum of temporal logics by relating
the new logics to the linear-branching spectrum of process
equivalences.
Physiological characteristics of crab Portunus sanguinolentus egg mass extract from southeast coast of India
Authors: Bragadeeswaran Subramanian , Kumaran Nadarajah Sri , Pandimuthu Lakshmanan , Prabahar Rajagopal 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

Background: The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the physiological characteristics of crab egg mass (Portunus sanguinolentus) crude extract.

Methods: Assays were followed by standard methods.

Results: A maximum of 256 hemolytic units (HU) and a minimum of 128 HU were found in chicken and goat erythrocytes. In an antimicrobial assay, Salmonella paratyphi and Aspergillus niger showed most susceptibility (8.0 mm and 13.0 mm) against n-butanol extracts. In the tail flick method, 5.33±0.19* AR the maximum analgesic response was recorded 30 min after the administration of crude extract (150 mg kg–1). In the hot plate method, 5.13±0.13* AR maximum paw licking was recorded 15 min after the administration of crude extract (150 mg kg–1). In an anti-inflammatory assay, 0.31±0.23* anti-inflammatory response and inhibition of paw edema 39.22% were observed 1 h after the administration of crude extract (250 mg kg–1). Primary structural groups gained through Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) analysis peaks were observed and assigned as amide groups I (1517.81–1633.12 cm–1), II (1446.58–1517.81 cm–1) and III (1342.47–1406.85 cm–1).

Conclusions: The results indicate that crab egg masses have remarkable antimicrobial, hemolytic and cytotoxic activities.
What is, for Kant, a Law of Nature?
Authors: Watkins Eric 
Published: November 2014

Abstract:In this paper I explore Kant’s understanding of a law of nature. I begin by reviewing Kant’s explicit statements about what a law is in general before describing an important challenge to the very idea of a law of nature that emerges from the conjunction of the natural law tradition and laws of nature in the early modern period. I then articulate how Kant can respond to that challenge by noting how he can draw on a univocal concept of law involving necessity and legislation in articulating his accounts of laws of nature and the moral law. In this way, we not only come to a better appreciation of Kant’s views on the laws of nature, but also see more clearly some significant structural similarities between his theoretical and practical philosophies as a whole.
Prescribing laws to nature. Part I. Newton, the pre-Critical Kant, and three problems about the lawfulness of nature
Authors: Massimi Michela 
Published: November 2014

Abstract:This paper traces the early reflections of the pre-Critical Kant on laws of nature back to Newton’s governing conception of laws. Three problems with the Newtonian conception are identified. I argue that in the attempt to provide a solution to them, in 1763 Kant came to forge a novel governing conception of laws. Key to Kant’s novel view are the notions of ground and its determinations. The role of these two notions in delivering the nomological necessity, explanatory power, and unity of the laws of nature is discussed and analysed.
Modal Motivations for Noumenal Ignorance: Knowledge, Cognition, and Coherence
Authors: Chignell Andrew 
Published: November 2014

Abstract:My goal in this paper is to show that Kant’s prohibition on certain kinds of knowledge of things-in-themselves is motivated less by his anti-soporific encounter with Hume than by his new view of the distinction between “real” and “logical” modality, a view that developed out of his reflection on the rationalist tradition in which he was trained. In brief: at some point in the 1770’s, Kant came to hold that a necessary condition on knowing a proposition is that one be able to
A Solution for General Exchange Markets with Indivisible Goods when Indifferences are Allowed
Authors: Subiza Begoña , Peris Josep E. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
It is well known that the core of an exchange market with indivisible
goods is always non empty, although it may contain Pareto inefficient
allocations. The strict core solves this shortcoming when
indifferences are not allowed, but when agents' preferences are weak
orders the strict core may be empty. On the other hand, when
indifferences are allowed, the core or the strict core may fail to be
stable sets, in the von Neumann and Morgenstern sense.
We introduce a new solution concept that improves the behaviour of the
strict core, in the sense that it solves the emptiness problem of the
strict core when indifferences are allowed in the individuals'
preferences and whenever the strict core is non-empty, our solution is
included in it. We define our proposal, the MS-set, by using
a stability property (m-stability) that the strict core
fulfills. Finally, we provide a min-max interpretation for this new
solution.
Recommended isolated-line profile for representing high-resolution spectroscopic transitions (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Tennyson Jonathan , Bernath Peter F. , Campargue Alain , Császár Attila G. , Daumont Ludovic , Gamache Robert R. , Hodges Joseph T. , Lisak Daniel , Naumenko Olga V. , Rothman Laurence S. , Tran Ha , Zobov Nikolai F. , Buldyreva Jeanna , Boone Chris D. , De Vizia Maria Domenica , Gianfrani Livio , Hartmann Jean-Michel , McPheat Robert , Weidmann Damien , Murray Jonathan , Ngo Ngoc Hoa , Polyansky Oleg L. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The report of an IUPAC Task Group, formed in 2011 on “Intensities and line shapes in high-resolution spectra of water isotopologues from experiment and theory” (Project No. 2011-022-2-100), on line profiles of isolated high-resolution rotational-vibrational transitions perturbed by neutral gas-phase molecules is presented. The well-documented inadequacies of the Voigt profile (VP), used almost universally by databases and radiative-transfer codes, to represent pressure effects and Doppler broadening in isolated vibrational-rotational and pure rotational transitions of the water molecule have resulted in the development of a variety of alternative line-profile models. These models capture more of the physics of the influence of pressure on line shapes but, in general, at the price of greater complexity. The Task Group recommends that the partially Correlated quadratic-Speed-Dependent Hard-Collision profile (pCqSD-HCP) should be adopted as the appropriate model for high-resolution spectroscopy. For simplicity this should be called the Hartmann–Tran profile (HTP). The HTP is sophisticated enough to capture the various collisional contributions to the isolated line shape, can be computed in a straightforward and rapid manner, and reduces to simpler profiles, including the Voigt profile, under certain simplifying assumptions.
Erythrocyte folate levels in occupational zinc-exposed workers
Authors: Girgin Gözde , Sipahi Hande , Palabiyik Saziye S. , Kilicarslan Bilge , Sarac Elif S. , Baydar Terken 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Physiologically, zinc is an essential element that has many important functions such as maintenance of immunity, cell integrity, signalling, cellular respiration, and neuromodulation. Besides zinc, folate also plays a crucial role in basic cellular reactions. Exposure to some xenobiotics may lead to folate deficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of zinc fume on erythrocyte folate levels. For this purpose, erythrocyte folate levels and serum zinc concentrations were evaluated in 63 galvanization workers, who were exposed to zinc fume during the galvanization procedure, and 23 office personnel as a control group. Erythrocyte folate levels were found to be decreased, while blood zinc levels were increased in workers compared to the controls (both, p<0.05). Additionally, a significant but rather weak negative correlation was observed between blood folate and zinc concentrations in all participants (R
s=–0.335; p<0.05). It was estimated that zinc exposure leads to a decrease in erythrocyte folate levels. Moreover, it may be speculated that galvanization procedure can cause an elevation in the serum zinc concentration of workers and chronic occupational zinc exposure may trigger changes in erythrocyte folate status, which reflects tissue folate stores.
Neue Methoden zur Bestimmung der Eindringtiefe und Wirksamkeit von Verfestigern / New methods for determination of penetration depth and effectiveness of consolidation materials
Authors: Dimmig A. , Erfurt W. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The known methods for determining penetration depth of consolidation materials are shortly described. Two new methods are presented. Employing these methods it is possible to measure strength profiles non-destructively on cores or core slices. Ultrasonic velocity as well as natural frequency oftheflexural and torsional vibration may be employed for calculating elastic moduli. Both are reproducible methods for the determination of effectiveness and penetration depth of consolidation materials. Experiments were performed using sandstone and brick. The results are the more precise, the more homogeneous the materials.
Untersuchung von Feuchtetransport mittels numerischer Modellierung und Neutronentransmissionsanalyse / Study of Moisture Transport by Numerical Modeling and Neutron Transmission Analysis
Authors: Pleinert H. , Sadouki H. , Wittmann F.H. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Moisture transport in porous building materials is described by a transport model that expresses the action of the several transport mechanisms of liquid water and water vapor in the porous system by a single material specific transfer coefficient. This parameter has to be determined by experimental measurement of moisture distributions inside samples exposed to known initial and boundary conditions. Neutron radiography is employed as experimental method because of its high sensitivity and good spatial resolution. The moisture distribution is determined from the raw data obtained in the measurement by a calculation procedure based on a signal transfer model of the neutron transmission. This approach is illustrated by two examples: the drying of a plain brick sample and the drying of a composite sample consisting of two brick elements separated by a layer of mortar.
Zusammenhang zwischen Gewichtsverlust, Festigkeitsabfall und Einlagerungsdauer beim lösenden Ammoniumnitratangriff auf hochfesten Beton / The relation between loss of weight and strength of high strength concrete during the storage in NH4NO3-solution
Authors: Schneider U. , Scherpke G. , Chen S. -W. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
In this report the behaviour of cementitious materials especially high performance concrete under the attack of ammoniumnitrate solutions is described. From the experimental data concerning the loss of weight and strength of concrete specimens under the chemical attack simple formulas were derived. The formulas enable the estimation of the effect of an chemical attack by solution on cementitious materials. Further within the range of data the duration of experimental programs can be determined in advance.
Analyse des Stuckgipses der Abtei Villers / Analysis of Stucco from the Abbey of Villers
Authors: Chandra S. , Gemert D. Van 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Interior plaster from the Abbot's Palace of the Abbey of Villers-la-Ville, Brabant Wallon province, Belgium has been investigated. It is done by using chemical analysis, x-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive electron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. It is found that the rendering was made with lime rich mortar and animal hairs. The sand used was very fine and the hairs were very short. The solid constituents and the hairs were uniformly dispersed, which could have been obtained by the addition of some other natural polymer, containing protein.
Änderungen der physikalischen Eigenschaften von Marmor durch Pilzbewuchs / Changes of the physical properties of marble as a result of fungal growth
Authors: Dornieden T. , Gorbushina Α. A. , Krumbein W. E. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Influences of the environment attack marble and ultimately destroy it. Especially the black yeast-like fungi which are often found on marbles especially in Mediterranean monuments strongly attack the marble. Colonization of the surface and interspaces inside the rock on experimental rock slabs lead to additional heat absorption and transfer. This imposes a higher dilatation of the marble causing losses of particles and ultimately the désintégration of the rock structure. For the first time the mechanical destruction of rock material by micro-organism is experimentally shown.
Probabilistische Zustandsanalyse von tragendem Mauerwerk / A Probabilistic Evaluation Method for Structural Masonry
Authors: Schueremans L. , Gemert D. Van , Dyck J. Van 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
A probabilistic method to evaluate the reliability of structural masonry elements is presented. Local probability of failure, different failure modes and corresponding limit state functions, probability distributions of basic variables and model uncertainty are discussed. A graphical probability mapping is presented as an easilyaccessible, visual evaluation instrument in the restoration decision process. The proposed methodology is illustrated on tested shear panels, reported in literature.