bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of intrusion detection system in cyber‐physical system based networks: Characteristics, industrial protocols, attacks, data sets and challenges
Authors: Ji Ram , Padha Devanand , Singh Yashwant , Sharma Surbhi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCyber‐Physical Systems (CPSs) provide critical infrastructure for the betterment of human lives thereby integrating cyber and physical components but the fusion of physical and digital components leads to an increase in the attack surface, which in turn provides opportunities for the attackers to intrude on these systems, which can affect the critical services like health care, water treatment facility, the electrical grid, hydropower plant, and so forth. The existing intrusion detection systems (IDSs) in CPSs are facing issues like poor detection accuracy, high false alarm rate and more computation time. Also, existing intrusion detection systems cannot identify new attacks that is, zero‐day assaults. Prerequisite exists for the design of the framework for detecting intrusions using artificial intelligence inspired approaches grounded on the principle of ensemble techniques. Intrusion detection framework assimilating ensemble‐based technique for CPS has been proposed. Since the proposed framework incorporates privileges of multiple techniques for intrusion detection and classification, hence the proposed framework may overcome the limitations of existing IDSs for CPS. Overview of cutting‐edge incursion identification methods for CPSs is presented. Several characteristics of CPS, industrial protocols, and anomaly detection techniques for intrusion detection are analyzed. Taxonomy of IDS for CPS has been proposed, taxonomy of attacks and threats on CPS has been intended. Research challenges for IDS in CPS are also uncovered from this review.
Thermal behavior of adhesively bonded timber‐concrete composite slabs subjected to standard fire exposure
Authors: Fu Qiuni , Chen Haoze , Brunkhorst Sven , Zehfuß Jochen , Kasal Bohumil , Yan Libo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFire tests were performed for the first time on adhesively bonded timber‐concrete composite slabs. The two medium‐scale (1.8 × 1.25 m) slabs were produced by gluing an 80‐mm thick three‐layer cross‐laminated timber (CLT) board to a 50 mm thick prefabricated reinforced concrete (RC) slab with epoxy and polyurethane (PUR) adhesives, respectively. The behavior of the composite slabs under elevated temperature was monitored by (1) observing the burning behavior of the used CLT, for example, charring and delamination and (2) measuring the temperature development at different locations of the CLT slabs, in the adhesive bond between concrete and timber boards, and in RC slabs. It was found that employing a one‐dimensional charring model for pure softwood, as prescribed by Eurocode 5‐1‐2, underestimated the charring depth of CLT due to the delamination effects. Measurements revealed that the average charring rates in the middle layer of CLT panels were approximately 0.65 mm/min, suggesting that the presence of concrete does not significantly affect the thermal behavior of the CLT panel. Delamination within the CLT was observed when its adhesive temperature was around 230°C. It was followed by the free‐fall of delaminated wood plies, which progressed slowly and lasted until the end of the test. At 90 min into the test, the temperatures of epoxy at the nine locations ranged between 55°C and 130°, while that of PUR between 60°C and 100°. The adhesive between concrete and CLT could lose stiffness significantly along the rising of temperature after surpassing of glass transition temperature (58°C for epoxy and 23°C for PUR in this study). The results indicated a high risk of weakening the composite action between the concrete slab and timber board. The measured temperatures of steel rebar were lower than 50°C. However, the concrete temperature reached about 120°C and the concrete cracked due to the distinct thermal expansions between concrete and timber and the rigid constraint of adhesive bond.
Updated evidence on raspberries as functional foods: Anticancer bioactivity and therapeutic implications
Authors: Azzini Elena , Barnaba Lorenzo , Mattera Maria , Calina Daniela , Sharifi‐Rad Javad , Cho William C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRaspberries (RBs) (Rubus idaeus) are rich in bioactive compounds with promising anticancer properties. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the anticancer effects of RBs, highlighting their potential as natural agents in cancer prevention and therapy. Bioactive compounds in RBs induce apoptosis, arrest the cell cycle, inhibit angiogenesis, and suppress metastasis. Preclinical studies demonstrate significant anticancer effects against colon, breast, lung, prostate, and cervical cancers, with clinical studies also supporting their therapeutic potential. Although preclinical findings are encouraging, further large‐scale clinical trials are needed to confirm their efficacy and safety in humans. Optimizing formulations to enhance bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness is crucial. This review emphasizes the potential of dietary interventions involving RBs as a complementary approach to conventional cancer therapies, paving the way for future research and clinical innovations.
Analysis of energy and exergy of lavender extract powder in spray dryer
Authors: Meshkat Hossein , Sharifian Faroogh , Hosainpour Adel , Nikbakht Ali Mohammad , Kaveh Mohammad 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn recent years, the research in the field of medicinal plants as therapeutic supplements has increased significantly. Lavender extract is widely used among medicinal plant products due to its unique therapeutic properties. Since drying processes require high energy, this study was conducted to study the performance of the spray dryer in the production of lavender extract powder at three levels of air temperature 150°C, 180°C, and 210°C, three levels of compressed air flow rate 6, 8, and 10 L/min and ratios of maltodextrin‐drying aid to the mass of dry matter of the extract 0%, 25%, and 50% by response surface method. For this purpose, the energy efficiency and exergy of the powder production process were examined. According to the obtained results, increasing the inlet air temperature and the inlet air flow rate increased the energy efficiency and exergy and decreased the energy efficiency and exergy, respectively. The energy efficiency of the drying process varied in the range of 6.55%–15.87%, and the exergy efficiency () of the drying process in the range of 2.87%–5.84%. Also, the of the spray dryer was calculated in the range of 20.05%–38.78%. Based on the energy efficiency and exergy, the optimal production of lavender plant extract powder was obtained at the air temperature of 210°C, the compressed air flow rate of 6 L/min, and the amount of drying aid of 11.9 g/L.
Thermal and mass stratification effects on MHD flow past an accelerated vertical plate with exponentially decaying wall temperature and exponential mass diffusion in porous medium
Authors: Rabha Rakesh , Deka Rudra Kanta 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study analyzes the heat and mass transfer of magnetohydrodynamic flow past an accelerated vertical plate along with exponentially decaying wall temperature and exponential mass diffusion, in which thermal and mass stratification was considered. The governing equations are solved by employing the Laplace transform method, and graphs are produced by implementing MATLAB software. The impacts of both stratifications on various parameters involved in our studies were investigated with the help of graphs. Graphs were used to display the effects of various parameters on velocity, temperature, concentration, skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number. We consider both the cases, that is, with and without stratification to study the effects of thermal and mass stratification. By evaluating the results of thermal stratification with an unstratified environment, the study comes to an important conclusion. It is seen that the Steady state is reached quickly with the combined effect of both stratifications. It is also discovered that the velocity steadily reduced as the magnetic field parameter increased. This research has many applications in understanding the fluid flow in engineering and technology fields, such as geophysics, astrophysics, and fluid engineering difficulties.
Enhancing heat transfer with a synthetic jet for thermal management applications
Authors: Shaker Sufian F. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article explores the utilization of a synthetic jet as an approach to cool microelectronic devices, addressing their thermal management needs. The study includes both experimental measurements and numerical simulations to gain a comprehensive understanding of the heat transfer characteristics and fluid flow patterns generated by the synthetic jet actuator. The average Nusselt number (Nu) of the synthetic jet impinging flow with the dimensionless separation distances of the orifice to the heated surface (H/D) is investigated at different Reynolds numbers. A dynamic mesh scheme is employed in performing the simulations of the fluid domain to showcase the diaphragm's vibration and its deformation over time. The velocity profiles exhibit that the synthetic jet flow prompts the formation of two countervortices during every vibrating cycle of the diaphragm. The experimental results align closely with the predicted outcomes, indicating that the synthetic jet significantly enhances heat transfer by 3.1 times relative to the natural convection in the case of (H/D = 8.4) across different Reynolds numbers while maintaining low power consumption, a compact size, and a noise‐free operation.
Numerical investigation of free convection inside square wavy enclosure using response surface methodology
Authors: Fadhil Ahmed A. , Azzawi Itimad D. J. , Yahya Samir Gh , Khadom Anees A. , Al‐Rubaye Layth Abed Hasnawi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFree convection is commonly applied in various engineering fields such as solar energy, electronic devices, nuclear energy, and heat exchangers. A computational simulation was used to analyze the natural heat transfer through convection in a wavy cavity with squared shape that was filled with tap water and saturated metal foam to assess the influence of hump configuration (square, triangle, circular, down semicircular, and up semicircular) and magnetic fields (magnetohydrodynamics) on heat transfer rate. The bottom wavy wall of the enclosure exhibits a high temperature (Th), whereas the top and side walls maintain a low temperature (Tc). The present paper will examine how the bottom wall hump number (N), aspect ratio (L), geometry inclination angle (θ), Hartman number (Ha), magnetic field intensity inclination angle (ɤ) affects the heat transfer rate at various Rayleigh numbers. When the circular hump design is used with specific parameters, including ɛ = 0.85, L = 1.25, N = 4, Tc = 0°C, θ = 0°, Ha = 600 and ɤ = 45°, for different Ra values, it leads to increased heat transfer and notable improvements in heat transfer enhancement (ɸ) and energy enhancement (e). The enhancements were measured at 2.5 times for heat transfer enhancement and 8.9 times for energy enhancement. Moreover, the ideal case of the current study had Ha = 600, L = 1.25, Ra = 30 × 103, and θ = 0° compared to the baseline case. Simulations were accomplished using CFD. The results demonstrate that the primary goal of the research was achieved by optimizing the design, leading to a significant improvement in hydrothermal performance for both ɸ = 2.5 and e = 8.9.
Does climate risk vulnerability affect the value of excess cash? International evidence
Authors: Guizani Assil , Nizar Hamza , Lakhal Faten , Hamza Taher , Benkraiem Ramzi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the impact of climate risk on the value of excess cash. Based on an international sample of 6468 firm‐year observations from 2010 to 2019, the results show that climate risk vulnerability positively affects the value of excess cash. This suggests that investors may consider firms with excess cash to be better positioned to challenge extreme weather events by using cash reserves to cover up expenses and maintain operations. This positive effect is more pronounced for firms operating in countries with strong investor protection, for those with strong governance quality, and for those with high corporate social responsibility performance. However, it is less accentuated in the presence of financial constraints. Overall, our findings have significant practical implications for decision‐makers, investors, and policymakers.
A prospective study of the acquisition of vaginal examination skills using simulation
Authors: Hill Emma , Moreau Antoine , Martin Ludovic , Papin‐Groseil Justin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the number of sessions required using procedural simulation to acquire the skill of vaginal examination, which is an essential part of obstetrics, but a difficult learned skill.MethodsUsing a high‐fidelity simulator, we conducted a prospective, single‐center, single‐blind study, at the Angers School of Midwifery. A class of students completed a theory course, and took part in three simulation sessions. During the simulation sessions, each student was asked to describe five different cervixes, under five criteria: position, length, consistency, dilation, and head station. Each participant received individual feedback as part of a debrief session, after completing their description. A pass rate of 80% was set for the entire class.ResultsTwenty‐six students participated. The class achieved a mean score of 70.77 ± 10.23% in the first session, 81.85 ± 9.91% in the second session, and 81.23 ± 8.63% in the third session. There was a significant improvement only between the first and second sessions (P < 0.001). Of the 26 participants, 6 (23%) scored over 80% in the first session, 17 participants (65%) scored above 80% in the first two sessions, and 21 participants (80%) scored above 80% over the three sessions.ConclusionLearning vaginal examination by procedural simulation with the aid of a high‐fidelity simulator, and receiving individual feedback and debrief, resulted in an 80% pass rate in two practical sessions, working to describe 10 cervixes.
The etiology of the association between parental nurturance and youth antisocial behavior: Evidence from a twin differences study
Authors: Di Dio Alaina M. , Shewark Elizabeth A. , Thaler Daniel , Burt S. Alexandra 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundLower parental nurturance is consistently associated with higher levels of youth antisocial behavior (ASB), but the etiology of this association remains unclear. To fill this gap, we employed a twin differences approach to illuminate the environmental and genetic origins of the association between parental nurturance and children's ASB.MethodsParticipants were 2060 twins (49% female) ages 6–10 from the Michigan State University Twin Registry. Parental nurturance and youth ASB were assessed using multiple measures (e.g., questionnaires, interviews) and informant reports (e.g., twins, parents, teachers). Co‐twin difference‐score correlations were analyzed separately by zygosity using specification curve analysis, an exhaustive modeling approach that examined associations across all possible specifications of the nurturance and ASB data.ResultsParental nurturance demonstrated clear, negatively signed associations with youth ASB at the individual level. However, these associations generally did not persist within twin pairs. We observed no significant twin difference correlations within monozygotic (MZ) pairs and only a handful of significant twin difference correlations among dizygotic (DZ) pairs, in which the DZ co‐twin who experienced more nurturance exhibited less ASB. Post‐hoc analyses in these data revealed that these associations differed markedly from those with harsh parenting that suggested environmental influences on youth ASB.ConclusionsThese results strongly argue against a causal influence of low parental nurturance on youth ASB, and instead suggest that genetic influences and shared environmental confounds underlie their association. Further, findings strongly suggest that different parenting behaviors are associated with child ASB via different etiologic mechanisms.
Stable transduction of the neonatal mouse liver using a hybrid rAAV/sleeping beauty transposon gene delivery system
Authors: Cunningham Sharon C. , Zakas Philip M. , Sasaki Natsuki , van Dijk Eva B. , Zhu Erhua , Fu Yanfang , Salomon William E. , Citorik Robert J. , Rubens Jacob R. , Cotta‐Ramusino Cecilia , Querbes William , Alexander Ian E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundConventional adeno‐associated viral (AAV) vectors, while highly effective in quiescent cells such as hepatocytes in the adult liver, confer less durable transgene expression in proliferating cells owing to episome loss. Sustained therapeutic success is therefore less likely in liver disorders requiring early intervention. We have previously developed a hybrid, dual virion approach, recombinant AAV (rAAV)/piggyBac transposon system capable of achieving stable gene transfer in proliferating hepatocytes at levels many fold above conventional AAV vectors. An alternative transposon system, Sleeping Beauty, has been widely used for ex vivo gene delivery; however liver‐targeted delivery using a hybrid rAAV/Sleeping Beauty approach remains relatively unexplored.MethodsWe investigated the capacity of a Sleeping Beauty (SB)‐based dual rAAV virion approach to achieve stable and efficient gene transfer to the newborn murine liver using transposable therapeutic cassettes encoding coagulation factor IX or ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC).ResultsAt equivalent doses, rAAV/SB100X transduced hepatocytes with high efficiency, achieving stable expression into adulthood. Compared with conventional AAV, the proportion of hepatocytes transduced, and factor IX and OTC activity levels, were both markedly increased. The proportion of hepatocytes stably transduced increased 4‐ to 8‐fold from <5%, and activity levels increased correspondingly, with markedly increased survival and stable urinary orotate levels in the OTC‐deficient Spfash mouse following elimination of residual endogenous murine OTC.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates the first in vivo utility of a hybrid rAAV/SB100X transposon system to achieve stable long‐term therapeutic gene expression following delivery to the highly proliferative newborn mouse liver. These results have relevance to the treatment of genetic metabolic liver diseases with neonatal onset.
Explaining institutional change in Nepal and El Salvador: A cultural political economy approach to political settlements analysis
Authors: Cummings Clare 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUnderstanding progressive institutional change remains a central concern in development studies. This paper examines two such cases: constitutional change in Nepal, which broadened political rights, and the outlawing of metal mining in El Salvador, which redistributed resources. To understand institutional change, this paper proposes a cultural political economy approach to Khan's ‘political settlements analysis’. Applying the proposed approach to these cases demonstrates how political movements organise around beliefs and identities as well as interests to achieve rights and status, not just material gain. Identifying cultural as well as material sources of power allows a fuller explanation of institutional change processes.
Structural and functional diversity of microbial communities in ancient mining sites from San Luis Potosí, México
Authors: Martínez‐Toledo Ángeles , Ilizaliturri‐Hernández César A. , Torres‐Dosal Arturo , Briones‐Gallardo Roberto , Tintos‐Gómez Adrián , González‐Mille Donaji J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) on soil microbial community functionality and structure. Charcas and Cedral in San Luis Potosí, Mexico, are sites with ancient mining activity. This activity has generated heavy metals (HMs) polluted soils that provoke deleterious effects on microbial community. Sampling was conducted in sites with and without aged mining activity. The parameters analysed were physicochemical properties and PTE concentrations. Functional diversity was evaluated with a community‐level physiological profiling (CLPP) analysis, diversity was evaluated using the richness (S), and the indices of Shannon's diversity (H), Simpson's dominance (D) and Pielou's evenness (J) were for the structure evaluation, based on relative substrate utilisation. CLPP results of set of soils indicated the following substrate utilisation pattern: carbohydrates > polymers (POL) > carboxylic/ketonic acids > amino acids (AmA) > amine/amides (A/A). In Cedral, the AmA utilisation favoured the increase of J value. In addition, it was observed that the utilisation of these compounds decreases at a higher concentration of Al and organic matter (OM) but increases at a higher concentration of Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Ni, a phenomenon opposite to that was observed in Charcas. The results of set of soil indicated that AmA utilisation increases the values of S, J, D, and H. These results indicate that the microorganisms in soil are resistant to high PTE concentrations, in that condition they need accessible carbon sources as energy and as nutrients, however, they adapted to use complex carbon sources (POL). Furthermore, it presented low OM mineralisation despite high values of H, or J, then some metabolic processes could be compromised. Therefore, an intervention for soil conservation and monitoring is required.
Near‐Unity Narrow Green Emitting in Manganese Halides Realized by Direct Precipitation Synthesis
Authors: Dong Huimin , Sun Yiqun , Zhang Liangliang , Wu Dan , Shen He , Pan Guohui , Wu Hao , Wu Huajun , Hao Zhendong , Zhang Jiahua 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the realm of light‐emitting diode (LED) displays, the search for an ideal green emitter has been a challenge. The desired efficient emission band ≈520 nm has proved elusive, with the commercially available β‐Sialon falling short due to its longer wavelength and limited efficiency. Even the next‐generation micro‐LED displays are not immune to this issue, as β‐Sialon lacks the solution‐processable properties required for such applications. Here, a bright manganese halide narrow green emitter with higher efficiency and wider color gamut is discovered, possessing additional solution‐processable properties that make it a superior alternative to β‐Sialon. Synthesized through a direct precipitation method, the particle shape of benzyl trimethylammonium manganese bromide (BTA2MnBr4, BTA: C10H16N) is well controlled, unlocking its near‐unity efficiency. The LED fabricated by BTA2MnBr4 showcases superior luminous efficiency compared to commercial β‐Sialon, while its color gamut reaches an impressive 110% National Televison System Committee (NTSC). Moreover, a good BTA2MnBr4 film is successfully fabricated using the spin coating method, boasting a film thickness of 220 nm and a smooth surface with a roughness of 4.18 nm. This study presents a remarkable and eco‐friendly narrow green emitter that can potentially lead to more sustainable and energy‐efficient displays in the future.