bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and molecular characteristics of the 2009 pandemic influenza H1N1 infection with severe or fatal disease from 2009 to 2011 in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Wu Chunli , Cheng Xiaowen , Wang Xin , Lv Xing , Yang Fan , Liu Tao , Fang Shisong , Zhang Renli , Jinquan Cheng 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn the past 3 years, the 2009 pandemic influenza virus H1N1 (pH1N1) has led to many severe or fatal cases. The virus‐related factors that cause severe or fatal disease are not clear. The clinical and molecular characteristics of pH1N1 infections with severe or fatal disease were examined to understand the correlation between pH1N1 infection and disease severity. Since 2009, three pH1N1 influenza epidemic outbreaks have occurred in Shenzhen, China. One hundred forty‐six severe cases were confirmed in the first wave in 2009. In severe cases, a high proportion (49.3%) of patents displayed high fever (>39.0°C), and 73.2% of patients had pneumonia and tracheobronchitis. Seven fatal cases were recorded: three with viral encephalitis and four with respiratory failure. The results of sequencing and phylogenetic analysis showed that the viruses from fatal or severe cases were scattered throughout the phylogenetic tree. Four substitutions (D222G, D222N, D222E, and Q223R) were observed on the 220‐loop of the receptor‐binding sites of the HA gene. Both D222G and D222N were associated statistically with severe disease. The 2011 viruses had evolved into two distinct branches. Ten specific point mutations occurred in the 2011 virus. In summary, high fever, lower respiratory tract infections and serious complications were the main features of severe cases. Gene variation seemed not to be the main reason for severe disease. Vaccination is the effective mean to prevent infection and severe disease. J. Med. Virol. 85:405–412, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Self‐Assembled BolA‐like Amphiphilic Peptides as Viral‐Mimetic Gene Vectors for Cancer Cell Targeted Gene Delivery
Authors: Chen Jing‐Xiao , Xu Xiao‐Ding , Yang Shuo , Yang Juan , Zhuo Ren‐Xi , Zhang Xian‐Zheng 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn this study, two types of BolA‐like amphiphilic peptides with dual ligands comprising a tumor‐targeting moiety of RGD sequence and a cell‐penetrating moiety of R8 sequence are designed and synthesized as gene vectors. The BolA‐structural peptide carriers can self‐assemble into spherical nanoparticles with a hydrophilic core and shell, which are similar to the viral capsid and can bind plasmid DNA in an aqueous medium to form viral‐mimetic complexes. It is found that the BolA‐like dual ligands system exhibits significantly enhanced gene expression in both HeLa and 293T cell lines, as compared with poly(ethylenimine) PEI. These BolA‐like amphiphilic peptides are promising in clinical trials of gene therapy. magnified image
Macroporous Oxide Platforms Templated by Non‐Close‐Packed Spherical Copolymer Aggregates
Authors: Kimura Tatsuo 
Published: December 2012

AbstractExclusive organic templating of macroporous oxide films is reported by using non‐close and lose packing of spherical copolymer aggregates, in combination with facile control of condensation degree/density of inorganic oxide frameworks. Unique macroporous oxide films, mainly titania showing highly porous, crystalline, and versatile properties, can be fabricated with continuous design from unusual 3‐D net‐shape to tunable spherical macrostructures, which expands the preparation of other inorganic oxide films (silica, alumina, and zirconia) and possibly adapts the use of other assembled organic polymers. The macroporous structures are helpful for effective accommodation of bulky biomoleculeshigh and diffusivity of organic molecules (useful for photocatalysts). Unusual structural variation, expansion of spherical voids, is also observed, being useful for fine tuning of optical property.
Photonic generation of microwave signal by beating a dual‐wavelength single longitudinal mode erbium‐doped fiber ring laser based on the polarization maintaining fiber bragg grating
Authors: Feng Suchun , Qi Chunhui , Li Qi , Peng Wanjing , Gao Song , Jian Shuisheng 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA single‐longitudinal‐mode (SLM) dual‐wavelength erbium‐doped fiber (EDF) ring laser based on one polarization maintaining fiber Bragg grating (PMFBG) is demonstrated.Due to the polarization hole burning enhanced by the PMFBG, the laser can be designed to operate in stable dual‐wavelength oscillation with a wavelength spacing of 0.182 nm at room temperature by adjusting a polarization controller. A section of unpumped EDF acting as a saturable absorber and a feedback fiber loop is used to ensure SLM operation in each of the two lasing lines. A microwave signal at 22.807 GHz is obtained by beating the dual‐wavelength fiber laser at a photodetector. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:347–351, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27280
Temperature‐insensitive 2D fiber Bragg grating TILT sensor
Authors: Dong Xinyong , Hu Limin , Shao Liyang , Wang Yunpeng , Zheng Jie 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA novel temperature‐insensitive tilt sensor is proposed based on two fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), which were embedded in a cylindrical cantilever‐based pendulum in two orthogonal planes. Tilt‐induced bending of the pendulum changes bandwidths and hence reflected optical powers of the two FBGs. Intensity‐measurements of two‐dimensional (2D) tilt angles can be realized without temperature dependence. Theoretical analysis and experimental verification have been carried out. Sensitivity of 42.97 nW/° with measurement accuracy of 0.27° has been achieved over a range up to ±15°. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:344–346, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27281
Equivalent model of circular‐type spiral inductor in printed circuit board
Authors: Chung Tong‐Ho , Kang Hee‐Do , Song Tae‐Lim , Yook Jong‐Gwan 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis article presents a new equivalent circuit modeling methodology for circular‐type spiral inductors in printed circuit board. The N‐turn circular spiral inductor can be decomposed into an N‐π equivalent circuit model, and each π model is comprised of a series inductor, series capacitor, and two shunt capacitors. Both the inductance and capacitance of the equivalent circuit are calculated by the proposed formulas, which are based on the electromagnetic theory. It has been demonstrated that the proposed equivalent circuit model of the spiral inductor is well matched in S‐parameters as well as inductance values within 6% tolerance with measurement and electromagnetic field solver simulation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:337–340, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27287
A dual‐modulus injection‐locked frequency divider with large locking range
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhang Liang , Zhang Xu , Liu Yanyan 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA dual‐modulus of 2/3 injection‐locked frequency divider with wide locking ranges is presented in this work. It uses an active inductor as the resonance loop, and a tunable active‐resistance is introduced to control the operation point and reinforce the injection efficiency. Simulations and measurements show that the proposed design can realize large locking ranges without any extra tuning, and cost low power consumption and small area. The divider was fabricated under the Chartered 0.35 μm CMOS technology, and the chip area is about 544 μm2. Measurements show that it has locking ranges from 1.5 to 2.05 GHz and 1.74 to 1.95 GHz at 0 dBm input power for divide‐by‐2 and ‐3, respectively, and the power consumed is only about 1.49 mW. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:269–272, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27290
1 × 8 MEMS Flexible integrated optical device for optical fiber‐based networking applications
Authors: Chen Qinghua , Chen Yingjun , Wu Wengang , Li Yanmei , Li Li , Yan Guizhen , Hao Yilong 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA 1 × 8 MEMS (micro‐electronic mechanical system(‐based flexible integrated optical device with optical switch and variable optical power attenuating functions has been proposed to optimally serve optical fiber‐based networking applications.The device manipulates the light with binary‐slope mirrors driven by compound electrostatic actuator. The optical models for switching and attenuating are investigated, respectively. Performances of the fabricated devices assembled with ball‐lensed fibers are measured and discussed. Measurements reveal that the insertion loss of the device is less than 2.8 dB and the controllable attenuation range is up to 39 dB, respectively. Moreover, polarization‐dependent loss is less than 0.8 dB in the whole attenuation range. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:231–236, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27293
Multilayer broadband absorbing structures for terahertz region
Authors: Dubey Ashish , Jain A. , Jayalakshmi C.G. , Shami T. C. , Awari N. , Prabhu S. S. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn this research, electromagnetic waves absorbing multilayer composite structures have been developed for terahertz (THz) region. In the recent past, most of the efforts to absorb the THz radiations are based on metamaterials or multilayer coatings, which are narrowband and fragile in nature, respectively. Under this work, we have designed and developed multilayer composite structures for THz absorption. Magnetic materials based composite structure shows more than 99% absorption in 0.5–2 THz frequency region for both TE and TM polarizations. Mechanically stable composite structures with such broadband THz absorptivity have huge potential in aero sector for stealth applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:393–395, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27295
Two‐dimensional near‐field focusing screen using nonuniform rectangular holes
Authors: Kim Younggook , Lim Sungjoon 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn this article, a two‐dimensional (2D) metallic transmission screen with nonuniform rectangular holes that is able to focus spherical wave into one spot on the focal plane is proposed. The proposed structure consists of a monopole source, a focusing plane, and a detecting probe in an open‐ended rectangular waveguide. Full‐wave electromagnetic simulation and experimental results successfully demonstrate the 2D focusing capability of the proposed structure. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:391–393, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27296
Discretization of the CFS‐PML for computational electromagnetics using discrete differential forms
Authors: Moura Alex. S. , Saldanha Rodiney R. , Silva Elson J. , Pantoja Mario F. , Lisboa Adriano C. , Facco Werley G. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA new numerical discretization of the complex frequency shifted‐perfectly matched layer (CFS‐PML) is presented for truncation of open domains. This discretization is based on the theory of discrete differential forms applied to electromagnetism, which guarantees both the simplification of the algorithms and a more elegant formulation of expression. The curl Maxwell's equations are solved in time domain in terms of electric e magnetic fields. The Ampere‐Maxwell law with, the constitutive relations included through the Hodge operator, is discretized in space by applying the Galerkin method. Conversely, the Faraday law is represented by topological relations via incidence matrix. The time domain discretization uses the leap‐frog scheme with a recursive convolution inside PML region. Two examples are shown, the first one to validate the CFS‐PML procedure and the second one to solve a typical ground penetrating radar scenario which include a lossy media. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:351–357, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27298
High‐efficiency wideband class‐E PA with reduced circuit elements
Authors: Zhou Jiafeng , Morris Kevin , Watkins Gavin , Yamaguchi Keiichi 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis letter proposes a method to design wideband class‐E amplifiers.Traditionally, wideband class‐E operation can be achieved by cascading a wideband filter and a wideband matching network. In this letter, an output network is designed as both the filter and the matching network. The circuit is thus significantly simplified. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:323–325, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27305
A CMOS RF front‐end with linearized current‐to‐current converter and gate switching mixer
Authors: Choi Joonwoo , Choi Chihoon , Nam Ilku 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA CMOS RF front‐end with a linearized current‐to‐current converter and a gate switching mixer for multiband and multistandard mobile TV tuners is proposed. A linearized current‐to‐current converter and a gate switching passive mixer merged with the linearized current‐to‐current converter are proposed to improve the linearity of the RF front‐end. It is fabricated in a 0.13‐μm CMOS process and draws 13, 15, and 15 mA from a 1.2 V power supply at VHF, UHF, and L‐band operation, respectively. It shows a gain of more than 32 dB, NF of less than 2.5 dB, IIP2 of more than 35 dBm, and IIP3 of more than −10.5 dBm across all bands. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:247–250, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27309
Ultrabroadband power amplifier using 16‐way spatial combining finline array
Authors: Hosseini S. Esmail , Banai Ali 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAn ultrabroadband power amplifier using 16‐way spatial power divider/combiner that using a quasi‐TEM‐guided wave structure is designed. An oversized coaxial waveguide was used as the host of the dividing/combining circuits that incorporates an antipodal finline array. Galerkin's technique in the spectral domain was used to analyze the antipodal finline. The oversized TEM‐guided wave structure and antipodal transitions were designed using the theory of small reflection and near optimum design. A high power amplifier using 16 monolithic‐microwave integrated‐circuit power amplifiers is built. The measured results show 160% bandwidth impedance match covering the entire 2–18 GHz with maximum output power of 39 dBm CW (Continous Wave) and corresponding gain greater than 11 dB. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:454–460, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27321
Frequency and pattern reconfigurable dipole‐Yagi antenna
Authors: Ahyat Ezla Najwa , Kamarudin Muhammad Ramlee , Rahman Tharek Abd. , Jamlos Mohd.Faizal , Hamid Mohamad R. , Jamaluddin Mohd Haizal , Ramli Nur Hidayah 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA novel dipole‐Yagi antenna is presented with pattern and frequency reconfigurable capability. The novel structure is based from Yagi‐Uda antenna, consist of dipole as a main radiator and four parasitic metal strips. The parasitic metal strips can be formed to function as part of the radiator, reflector, or director by means of switches. The switches are located at specific position. By bridging the main radiator to the metal strips, frequency reconfiguration can be achieved. Whilst by bridging the strips itself, will results in pattern changing. Three switchable patterns at 2.5 GHz and four switched band at 0.98, 1.5, 2.1, and 2.5 GHz are demonstrated. This antenna exhibits −10 dB return loss and 76–79% efficiency. Good agreement between measured and simulated results is observed. The antenna might be useful for wireless body area networks communication system. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:447–450, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27323
A 77 GHz CMOS requency triplers with subharmonic injection locking technology
Authors: Ke P.‐Y. , Huang F. H. , Chiu H.‐C. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn this article, a novel 90‐nm gate length CMOS injection‐locked frequency tripler that generates the 77 GHz output signal is proposed. The output signal frequency of proposed tripler could be locked precisely by using a one‐third frequency local oscillator, which is beneficial for obtaining a wide tuning range and a low‐phase‐noise performance. In addition, the slow wave elevated‐center coplanar waveguide transmission lines were adopted to reduce the chip size. The locked output frequency range is from 77.34 to 80.32 GHz together with a phase noise of −83.24 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset. The 0.81 mm2 tripler (including passives) consumes 6.52 mW DC power under a 1.2 V voltage supply. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:434–439, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27336
A systematic approach for optimizing the robustness of pulse sequence elements with respect to couplings, offsets, and B1‐field inhomogeneities (COB)
Authors: Ehni Sebastian , Luy Burkhard 
Published: December 2012

Robust experiments that cover a wide range of chemical shift offsets and J‐couplings are highly desirable for a multitude of applications in small molecule NMR spectroscopy. Many attempts to improve individual aspects of the robustness of pulse sequence elements based on rational and numerical design have been reported, but a general optimization strategy to cover all necessary aspects for a fully robust sequence is still lacking.In this article, a viable optimization strategy is introduced that covers a defined range of couplings, offsets, and B1‐field inhomogeneities (COB) in a time‐optimal way. Individual components of the optimization strategy can be optimized in any adequate way. As an example for the COB approach, we present the 1H − 13C‐COB‐INEPT with transfer of approximately 99% over the full carbon and proton bandwidth and 1JCH‐couplings in the range of 120–250 Hz, which have been optimized using efficient algorithms derived from optimal control theory. The theoretical performance is demonstrated in a number of corresponding COB‐HSQC experiments. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Hydrogen and External Donor on the Microstructure of Polypropylene Made with a 4th Generation Ziegler–Natta Catalyst
Authors: Alshaiban Ahmad , Soares João B. P. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe effect of adding hydrogen and/or electron donor on the microstructure of polypropylene polymerized with a 4th generation Ziegler–Natta catalysts at two temperatures on the molecular weight distribution, tacticity, and crystallinity of polypropylene is thoroughly investigated in this article. Polypropylene tacticity and crystallinity increases not only when external donors are added, but also when hydrogen is used as a chain transfer agent. The molecular weight distribution of the resins is deconvoluted into several Flory's most probable distributions to show how different active site types respond to the presence of electron donor and hydrogen. magnified image
A unified dual‐primal finite element tearing and interconnecting approach for incompressible Stokes equations
Authors: Tu Xuemin , Li Jing 
Published: December 2012

SUMMARYA unified framework of dual‐primal finite element tearing and interconnecting (FETI‐DP) algorithms is proposed for solving the system of linear equations arising from the mixed finite element approximation of incompressible Stokes equations. A distinctive feature of this framework is that it allows using both continuous and discontinuous pressures in the algorithm, whereas previous FETI‐DP methods only apply to discontinuous pressures. A preconditioned conjugate gradient method is used in the algorithm with either a lumped or a Dirichlet preconditioner, and scalable convergence rates are proved. This framework is also used to describe several previously developed FETI‐DP algorithms and greatly simplifies their analysis. Numerical experiments of solving a two‐dimensional incompressible Stokes problem demonstrate the performances of the discussed FETI‐DP algorithms represented under the same framework.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermal and sonochemical degradation kinetics of poly(n‐butyl methacrylate‐co‐alkyl acrylates): Variation of chain strength and stability with copolymer composition
Authors: Bhagat Rajesh , Madras Giridhar 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe thermal degradation of poly(n‐butyl methacrylate‐co‐alkyl acrylate) was compared with ultrasonic degradation. For this purpose, different compositions of poly (n‐butyl methacrylate‐co‐methyl acrylate) (PBMAMA) and a particular composition of poly(n‐butyl methacrylate‐co‐ethyl acrylate) (PBMAEA) and poly(n‐butyl methacrylate‐co‐butyl acrylate) (PBMABA) were synthesized and characterized. The thermal degradation of polymers shows that the poly(alkyl acrylates) degrade in a single stage by random chain scission and poly(n‐butyl methacrylate) degrades in two stages. The number of stages of thermal degradation of copolymers was same as the majority component of the copolymer. The activation energy corresponding to random chain scission increased and then decreased with an increase of n‐butyl methacrylate fraction in copolymer. The effect of methyl acrylate content, alkyl acrylate substituent, and solvents on the ultrasonic degradation of these copolymers was investigated. A continuous distribution kinetics model was used to determine the degradation rate coefficients. The degradation rate coefficient of PBMAMA varied nonlinearly with n‐butyl methacrylate content. The degradation of poly (n‐butyl methacrylate‐co‐alkyl acrylate) followed the order: PBMAMA < PBMAEA < PBMABA. The variation in the degradation rate constant with composition of the copolymer was discussed in relation to the competing effects of the stretching of the polymer in solution and the electron displacement in the main chain. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Superimposed effects in high‐shear‐rate capillary rheology of polystyrene melt
Authors: Guan Wei‐Sheng , Huang Han‐Xiong 
Published: December 2012

AbstractDuring micro‐injection molding, the polymer melt may undergo a shear rate up to 106 s−1, at which the rheological behaviors are obviously different from those in conventional molding process. Using both online and commercial rheometers, high‐shear‐rate capillary rheology of polystyrene (PS) melt is analyzed systematically in this work. The accurate end pressure drop and pressure coefficient of viscosity are determined via the enhanced exit pressure technique. Experimental and theoretical investigations are conducted on four significant effects, that is, the dissipative heating, end pressure loss, pressure dependence, and melt compressibility in capillary flow. For the PS melt, which exhibits distinct temperature and pressure dependence of viscosity, both dissipation and end effects become pronounced as the shear rate exceeds 2 × 105 s−1. From lower to higher shear rates (103–106 s−1), the competition between dissipation and pressure effects results in the overestimation to underestimation of Bagley‐corrected pressure drop, and finally the comprehensively corrected viscosity becomes about half of the uncorrected one owing to the enhanced superimposed effects. Moreover, the compressibility shows a minor influence on the shear viscosity. Under the shear rate range investigated, the power‐law relationship is sufficient for describing the corrected viscosity curve of PS melt used. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers