bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced functional connectivity in the thalamo‐insular subnetwork in patients with acute anorexia nervosa
Authors: Ehrlich Stefan , Lord Anton R. , Geisler Daniel , Borchardt Viola , Boehm Ilka , Seidel Maria , Ritschel Franziska , Schulze Anne , King Joseph A. , Weidner Kerstin , Roessner Veit , Walter Martin 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe neural underpinnings of anorexia nervosa (AN) are poorly understood. Results from existing functional brain imaging studies using disorder‐relevant food‐ or body‐stimuli have been heterogeneous and may be biased due to varying compliance or strategies of the participants. In this study, resting state functional connectivity imaging was used. To explore the distributed nature and complexity of brain function we characterized network patterns in patients with acute AN. Thirty‐five unmedicated female acute AN patients and 35 closely matched healthy female participants underwent resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging. We used a network‐based statistic (NBS) approach [Zalesky et al., 2010a] to identify differences between groups by isolating a network of interconnected nodes with a deviant connectivity pattern. Group comparison revealed a subnetwork of connections with decreased connectivity including the amygdala, thalamus, fusiform gyrus, putamen and the posterior insula as the central hub in the patient group. Results were not driven by changes in intranodal or global connectivity. No network could be identified where AN patients had increased coupling. Given the known involvement of the identified thalamo‐insular subnetwork in interoception, decreased connectivity in AN patients in these nodes might reflect changes in the propagation of sensations that alert the organism to urgent homeostatic imbalances and pain‐processes that are known to be severely disturbed in AN and might explain the striking discrepancy between patient's actual and perceived internal body state. Hum Brain Mapp 36:1772–1781, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diffusion‐weighted imaging: Effects of intravascular contrast agents on apparent diffusion coefficient measures of breast malignancies at 3 tesla
Authors: Nguyen Vicky T , Rahbar Habib , Olson Matthew L. , Liu Cheng‐Liang , Lehman Constance D. , Partridge Savannah C. 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundTo determine whether apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measures of breast lesions at 3 Tesla (T) are affected by gadolinium administration.MethodsThe study included 19 patients who underwent 3T MRI. Diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) was acquired with b = 0, 100, and 800 s/mm2 before and after a dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) sequence. ADC values were measured for each lesion and normal fibroglandular tissue. Pre‐ and postcontrast ADC measures were compared by Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, and differences between groups were compared by Mann‐Whitney U test; P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThere was no significant difference in pre‐ and postcontrast ADC measured at b = 0, 100, 800 s/mm2 for malignancies (median change: −0.4%, −0.01 × 10−3 mm2/s, P = 0.40), but there was a slight increase in postcontrast ADC in normal tissue (+1.6%, +0.04 × 10−3 mm2/s, P = 0.0006). Findings were similar for both lesions (−0.4%, −0.01 × 10−3 mm2/s, P = 0.54) and normal tissue (+1.5%, +0.03 × 10−3 mm2/s, P = 0.002) with ADC measured at b = 0,800 and also at b = 100, 800 s/mm2 (lesions: +0.9%, +0.01 × 10−3 mm2/s, P = 0.71; normal tissue: +1.8%, +0.03 × 10−3 mm2/s, P = 0.005). For lesions, results were not affected by lesion size, type (mass versus nonmass enhancement), mean initial enhancement, late enhancement, or delayed enhancement rate on DCE‐MRI (P > 0.05 for all). Normal tissue showed some trends with greater progressive enhancement rates and higher late enhancement levels correlating with greater increase in postcontrast ADC (P = 0.09 for both).ConclusionOur results show that breast lesion ADC measures using our approach were not significantly altered following DCE‐MRI at 3T, suggesting DWI and DCE‐MRI can be performed in any order without affecting diagnostic criteria. However, influences of contrast on ADC measures in normal breast tissue were observed and require further investigation. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:788–800.
Tunable Morphology and Hydrophobicity of Polyfluoroacrylate/Clay Nanocomposite Prepared by In Situ RAFT Polymerization in Miniemulsion
Authors: Chakrabarty Arindam , Singha Nikhil K 
Published: January 2015

This investigation reports preparation of polyfluoroacrylate/clay nanocomposite with armored and encapsulated morphology via in situ reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization in miniemulsion. In this case, 2,2,3,3,4,4,4‐heptafluoro butyl acrylate (HFBA) is polymerized in miniemulsion in the presence of sodium montmorillonite (NaMMT) using 2‐cyanopropyl dodecyl trithiocarbonate (CPDTC) as a RAFT agent. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis shows that the polymers have controlled molecular weights as well as narrow dispersity (Đ ≈ 1.1). The morphology of nanoclay can be tuned by varying the interaction with different functional comonomers. Nanoclay is encapsulated and intercalated in presence of poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMEMA) as comonomer. Addition of 2‐acryloxy ethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (AETAC) as functional comonomer leads to exfoliation of nanoclay resulting armored morphology, as evidenced by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses. Poly(2,2,3,3,4,4,4‐heptafluoro butyl acrylate) (PHFBA) armored with nanoclay shows improved thermal stability and water resistance.
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Toll‐like receptor 5 in obesity: The role of gut microbiota and adipose tissue inflammation
Authors: Pekkala Satu , Munukka Eveliina , Kong Lingjia , Pöllänen Eija , Autio Reija , Roos Christophe , Wiklund Petri , Fischer‐Posovszky Pamela , Wabitsch Martin , Alen Markku , Huovinen Pentti , Cheng Sulin 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveThis study aimed at establishing bacterial flagellin‐recognizing toll‐like receptor 5 (TLR5) as a novel link between gut microbiota composition, adipose tissue inflammation, and obesity.MethodsAn adipose tissue microarray database was used to compare women having the highest (n = 4, H‐TLR) and lowest (n = 4, L‐TLR) expression levels of TLR5‐signaling pathway genes. Gut microbiota composition was profiled using flow cytometry and FISH. Standard laboratory techniques were used to determine anthropometric and clinical variables. In vivo results were verified using cultured human adipocytes.ResultsThe H‐TLR group had higher flagellated Clostridium cluster XIV abundance and Firmicutes‐to‐Bacteroides ratio. H‐TLR subjects had obese phenotype characterized by greater waist circumference, fat %, and blood pressure (P < 0.05 for all). They also had higher leptin and lower adiponectin levels (P < 0.05 for both). Six hundred and sixty‐eight metabolism‐ and inflammation‐related adipose tissue genes were differentially expressed between the groups. In vitro studies confirmed that flagellin activated TLR5 inflammatory pathways, decreased insulin signaling, and increased glycerol secretion.ConclusionsThe in vivo findings suggest that flagellated Clostridium cluster XIV bacteria contribute to the development of obesity through distorted adipose tissue metabolism and inflammation. The in vitro studies in adipocytes show that the underlying mechanisms of the human findings may be due to flagellin‐activated TLR5 signaling.
Lower BMI cutoffs to define overweight and obesity in China
Authors: He Wei , Li Qingqing , Yang Min , Jiao Jingjing , Ma Xiaoguang , Zhou Yunjie , Song Aihua , Heymsfield Steven B. , Zhang Shanchun , Zhu Shankuan 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveTo investigate ethnic difference in the associations of BMI with comorbidity, mortality, and body composition between mainland Chinese and U.S. whites.MethodsEthnic‐comparison study using data from China Health and Nutrition Survey, U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, and data from Zhejiang University (China) and Columbia University (U.S.).ResultsChinese people experienced greater odds of comorbidities than whites for a given BMI after standardizing for age and sex: 43% for diabetes, 30% for dyslipidemia, 28% for hypertension, 38% for metabolic syndrome, and 48% for hyperuricemia. Comparisons of BMI‐mortality associations found that the U‐shaped BMI‐mortality curve shifted 1‐2 kg m−2 to the left in Chinese compared to whites. Compared to whites at BMIs of 25 and 30 kg m−2, corresponding cutoffs in Chinese were 22.5 and 25.9 kg m−2 in men, and 22.8 and 26.6 kg m−2 in women after both fat and fat distribution were taken into account.ConclusionsComorbidity, mortality, and body composition data consistently support the use of lower BMI cutoffs in Chinese than those in whites.
A Saturated and Unsaturated Backbone of the Products from the Reaction of 1, 2‐Diimine with Aluminum Precursors
Authors: Ju Yingxin , Yang Zhi , Ma Xiaoli , Yang Ying , Roesky Herbert W. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract An aluminum(III) monohydride [(2, 6‐iPr2C6H3)NC(Me)]2AlH(NMe3) (1) was synthesized by oxidative addition of 1, 2‐diimine (L) {L = [(2, 6‐iPr2C6H3)NC(Me)]2} with equivalent amounts of H3Al·NMe3. A lithium salt (LLi2) was obtained when L was treated with elemental lithium. Under these conditions 1, 2‐diimine is reduced to LLi2 with simultaneous formation of a C=C bond. The LLi2 is formed in‐situ and treated with AlBr3 to result in the formation of aluminum(III) monobromide [(2, 6‐iPr2C6H3)NC(Me)]2AlBr(OEt2) (2). The two products 1 and 2 show a saturated as well as an unsaturated backbone of the ligand.
RhoC and ROCKs regulate cancer cell interactions with endothelial cells
Authors: Reymond Nicolas , Im Jae Hong , Garg Ritu , Cox Susan , Soyer Magali , Riou Philippe , Colomba Audrey , Muschel Ruth J. , Ridley Anne J. 
Published: January 2015

RhoC is a member of the Rho GTPase family that is implicated in cancer progression by stimulating cancer cell invasiveness. Here we report that RhoC regulates the interaction of cancer cells with vascular endothelial cells (ECs), a crucial step in the metastatic process. RhoC depletion by RNAi reduces PC3 prostate cancer cell adhesion to ECs, intercalation between ECs as well as transendothelial migration in vitro. Depletion of the kinases ROCK1 and ROCK2, two known RhoC downstream effectors, similarly decreases cancer interaction with ECs. RhoC also regulates the extension of protrusions made by cancer cells on vascular ECs in vivo. Transient RhoC depletion is sufficient to reduce both early PC3 cell retention in the lungs and experimental metastasis formation in vivo. Our results indicate RhoC plays a central role in cancer cell interaction with vascular ECs, which is a critical event for cancer progression.
Attitudes, knowledge and practices affecting the Critically Endangered Mariana crow Corvus kubaryi and its conservation on Rota, Mariana Islands
Authors: Sussman Adrienne F. , Ha Renee Robinette , Henry Hilary E. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe population of the Critically Endangered Mariana crow Corvus kubaryi on the island of Rota, Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas Islands, has decreased dramatically in recent years. It is unclear to what extent negative practices by people, such as inappropriate land use or persecution of crows, have contributed to this decline. We conducted a public opinion survey to document ongoing practices towards the crows on Rota, to assess residents’ knowledge of and attitudes towards the birds, and to gauge potential responses to a government-instituted land incentive programme. Enumerators administered surveys in person during August 2011. Most of the 573 respondents were native Chamorro residents (75%) and more than half were landowners (62%). A majority of respondents (72%) considered environmental issues ‘very important’ and 76% knew of the Mariana crow's Critically Endangered status. Fewer respondents (55%) expressed concern about the bird going extinct. A number of respondents condoned shooting and chasing crows (17 and 52%, respectively), suggesting that residents may be harassing the birds. Chamorro landowners on the island were more likely to have negative attitudes towards the crows and to know people who persecute the crows than other island residents. Education was positively correlated with knowledge and concern about the crow and environmental issues, suggesting that new educational programmes on Rota may help improve residents’ attitudes towards the species. In addition, we recommend a revision of current land-use regulations and implementation of a monetary compensation programme for owners of crow nesting habitat to improve landowners’ attitudes and practices.
South Carolina’s Tidal Rice Fields: Consultation, Collaboration, and Cultural Landscapes
Authors: Barnes Jodi A. , Dobrasko Rebekah 
Published: January 2015

Abstract:South Carolina’s tidal rice fields are significant historic and cultural landscapes. A critical piece of the cultural significance is continuity in the process of using the land. This essay provides an overview of how collaboration among historic preservationists, archaeologists, biologists, federal and state agencies, consultants, and plantation managers resulted in new methods of permitting work in historic tidal rice fields and new understandings of rice fields as significant historic properties.
“A Fracture in Time”: A Cup Attributed to the Euaion Painter from the Bothmer Collection
Authors: Tsirogiannis Christos , Gill David W. J. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract:In February 2013 Christos Tsirogiannis linked a fragmentary Athenian red-figured cup from the collection formed by Dietrich von Bothmer, former chairman of Greek and Roman Art at New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art, to a tondo in the Villa Giulia, Rome. The Rome fragment was attributed to the Euaion painter. Bothmer had acquired several fragments attributed to this same painter, and some had been donated to the Metropolitan Museum of Art as well as to the J. Paul Getty Museum. Other fragments from this hand were acquired by the San Antonio Museum of Art and the Princeton University Art Museum. In January 2012 it was announced that some fragments from the Bothmer collection would be returned to Italy, because they fitted vases that had already been repatriated from North American collections. The Euaion painter fragments are considered against the phenomenon of collecting and donating fractured pots.
A REEXAMINATION OF THE BIRDS IN THE CENTRAL MEXICAN CODICES
Authors: Sharpe Ashley E. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractEduard Seler's 1909 analysis of the various birds and their associated symbolism in the Mexican codices is one of the most thorough undertakings of its kind; however, although numerous revelations have been made in the realm of codex research over the past century, no comprehensive attempt has been undergone to revise Seler's initial identifications. The present study reviews the major bird species from Seler's original essay. Seven codices from the Borgia and Aztec Groups are assessed, so as to compare species traits and symbolic representations between both regions. The study incorporates recent research on the central Mexican codices, symbolism, myths, and ethnohistoric accounts, in addition to discoveries made over the last century in the fields of ornithology and zooarchaeology, in order to revise the identifications made in Seler's original work and to create a more comprehensive review of the roles each of these birds played in ancient Mexican mythology.
LEADERS, FARMERS, AND CRAFTERS: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEADING HOUSEHOLDS AND HOUSEHOLDS ACROSS THE CHAN COMMUNITY
Authors: Robin Cynthia , Kosakowsky Laura , Keller Angela , Meierhoff James 
Published: January 2015

AbstractHouseholds, communities, and society exist in a mutually constituting relationship, shaping and being shaped by one another. Daily life within households can have political dimensions and affect societal organization. Research at the Maya farming community of Chan in Belize demonstrates how households shaped their lives, history, and politics for 2,000 years (800b.c.–a.d.1200). We examine the households of Chan's leaders and the social, economic, political, and religious relationships between leading households and other households across the community to show how novel forms of political practice arose through household interaction. Community leaders and households across the community developed community-focused ritual practices and group-oriented social, economic, ideological, and political strategies that were critical in the development of their community, were distinctive from normative individual-focused political practices of the Classic Maya kings, and may have influenced the later development of more diverse political strategies in the Maya area in the Postclassic period.
Loss of anchorage primarily induces non-apoptotic cell death in a human mammary epithelial cell line under atypical focal adhesion kinase signaling
Authors: Ishikawa F , Ushida K , Mori K , Shibanuma M 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAnchorage dependence of cellular growth and survival prevents inappropriate cell growth or survival in ectopic environments, and serves as a potential barrier to metastasis of cancer cells. Therefore, obtaining a better understanding of anchorage-dependent responses in normal cells is the first step to understand and impede anchorage independence of growth and survival in cancer cells and finally to eradicate cancer cells during metastasis. Anoikis, a type of apoptosis specifically induced by lack of appropriate cell-extracellular matrix adhesion, has been established as the dominant response of normal epithelial cells to anchorage loss. For example, under detached conditions, the untransformed mammary epithelial cell (MEC) line MCF-10 A, which exhibits myoepithelial characteristics, underwent anoikis dependent on classical ERK signaling. On the other hand, recent studies have revealed a variety of phenotypes resulting in cell death modalities distinct from anoikis, such as autophagy, necrosis, and cornification, in detached epithelial cells. In the present study, we characterized detachment-induced cell death (DICD) in primary human MECs immortalized with hTERT (TertHMECs), which are bipotent progenitor-like cells with a differentiating phenotype to luminal cells. In contrast to MCF-10 A cells, apoptosis was not observed in detached TertHMECs; instead, non-apoptotic cell death marked by features of entosis, cornification, and necrosis was observed along with downregulation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling. Cell death was overcome by anchorage-independent activities of FAK but not PI3K/AKT, SRC, and MEK/ERK, suggesting critical roles of atypical FAK signaling pathways in the regulation of non-apoptotic cell death. Further analysis revealed an important role of TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) as a mediator of FAK signaling in regulation of entosis and necrosis and a role of p38 MAPK in the induction of necrosis. Overall, the present study highlighted outstanding cell subtype or differentiation stage specificity in cell death phenotypes induced upon anchorage loss in human MECs.
Interfering with stem cell-specific gatekeeper functions controls tumour initiation and malignant progression of skin tumours
Authors: Petersson Monika , Reuter Karen , Brylka Heike , Kraus Andreas , Schettina Peter , Niemann Catherin 
Published: January 2015

AbstractEpithelial cancer constitutes a major clinical challenge and molecular mechanisms underlying the process of tumour initiation are not well understood. Here we demonstrate that hair follicle bulge stem cells (SCs) give rise to well-differentiated sebaceous tumours and show that SCs are not only crucial in tumour initiation, but are also involved in tumour plasticity and heterogeneity. Our findings reveal that SC-specific expression of mutant Lef1, which mimics mutations found in human sebaceous tumours, drives sebaceous tumour formation. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that mutant Lef1 abolishes p53 activity in SCs. Intriguingly, mutant Lef1 induces DNA damage and interferes with SC-specific gatekeeper functions normally protecting against accumulations of DNA lesions and cell loss. Thus, normal control of SC proliferation is disrupted by mutant Lef1, thereby allowing uncontrolled propagation of tumour-initiating SCs. Collectively, these findings identify underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of tumour-initiating events in tissue SCs providing a potential target for future therapeutic strategies.
Multi-channel electronic and vibrational dynamics in polyatomic resonant high-order harmonic generation
Authors: Ferré A. , Boguslavskiy A. E. , Dagan M. , Blanchet V. , Bruner B. D. , Burgy F. , Camper A. , Descamps D. , Fabre B. , Fedorov N. , Gaudin J. , Geoffroy G. , Mikosch J. , Patchkovskii S. , Petit S. , Ruchon T. , Soifer H. , Staedter D. , Wilkinson I. , Stolow A. , Dudovich N. , Mairesse Y. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractHigh-order harmonic generation in polyatomic molecules generally involves multiple channels of ionization. Their relative contribution can be strongly influenced by the presence of resonances, whose assignment remains a major challenge for high-harmonic spectroscopy. Here we present a multi-modal approach for the investigation of unaligned polyatomic molecules, using SF6 as an example. We combine methods from extreme-ultraviolet spectroscopy, above-threshold ionization and attosecond metrology. Fragment-resolved above-threshold ionization measurements reveal that strong-field ionization opens at least three channels. A shape resonance in one of them is found to dominate the signal in the 20–26 eV range. This resonance induces a phase jump in the harmonic emission, a switch in the polarization state and different dynamical responses to molecular vibrations. This study demonstrates a method for extending high-harmonic spectroscopy to polyatomic molecules, where complex attosecond dynamics are expected.
Climate variation explains a third of global crop yield variability
Authors: Ray Deepak K. , Gerber James S. , MacDonald Graham K. , West Paul C. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractMany studies have examined the role of mean climate change in agriculture, but an understanding of the influence of inter-annual climate variations on crop yields in different regions remains elusive. We use detailed crop statistics time series for ~13,500 political units to examine how recent climate variability led to variations in maize, rice, wheat and soybean crop yields worldwide. While some areas show no significant influence of climate variability, in substantial areas of the global breadbaskets, >60% of the yield variability can be explained by climate variability. Globally, climate variability accounts for roughly a third (~32–39%) of the observed yield variability. Our study uniquely illustrates spatial patterns in the relationship between climate variability and crop yield variability, highlighting where variations in temperature, precipitation or their interaction explain yield variability. We discuss key drivers for the observed variations to target further research and policy interventions geared towards buffering future crop production from climate variability.