bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial variation in soil resistance to flowing water erosion along a regional transect in the Loess Plateau
Authors: Geng Ren , Zhang Guang‐hui , Li Zhen‐Wei , Wang Hao 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe factors influencing soil erosion may vary with scale. It remains unclear whether the spatial variation in soil erosion resistance is controlled by regional variables (e.g. precipitation, temperature, and vegetation zone) or by local specific variables (e.g. soil properties, root traits, land use, and farming operations) when the study area enlarges from a hillslope or catchment to the regional scale. This study was performed to quantify the spatial variations in soil erosion resistance to flowing water under three typical land uses along a regional transect on the Loess Plateau and to identify whether regional or local specific variables are responsible for these changes. The results indicated that the measured soil detachment capacities (Dc) of cropland exhibited an irregular trend along the regional transect. The Dc of grassland increased with mean annual precipitation, except for two sites (Yijun and Erdos). The measured Dc of woodland displayed an inverted ‘U’ shape. The changes in rill erodibility (Kr) of three land uses were similar to Dc, whereas no distinguishable trend was found for critical shear stress (τc). No significant correlation was detected between Dc, Kr and τc, and the regional variables. The spatial variation in soil erosion resistance could be explained reasonably by changes in soil properties, root traits, land use, and farming operations, rather than regional variables. The adjustment coefficient of Kr for grassland and woodland could be well simulated by soil cohesion and root mass density (R2 = 0.70, P < 0.01), and the adjustment coefficient of critical shear stress could be estimated with aggregate stability (R2 = 0.57, P < 0.01). The results are helpful for quantifying the spatial variation in soil detachment processes by overland flow and to develop process‐based erosion model at a regional scale. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Im Sog der Großen
Authors: Grube Nikolai , Delvendahl Kai 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMaya‐Stadt im Regenwald: Als das kleine Königtum Uxul unter die Oberherrschaft der mächtigen Kaan‐Dynastie geriet, begann ein Aufstieg, dem später der gemeinsame Niedergang folgte. Neue Zeugnisse dieser politischen Macht‐ und Siedlungsgeschichte ergräbt nun ein deutsch‐mexikanisches Archäologenteam.
Orthogonal Polarity Graphs and Sidon Sets
Authors: Tait Michael , Timmons Craig 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDetermining the maximum number of edges in an n‐vertex C4‐free graph is a well‐studied problem that dates back to a paper of Erdős from 1938. One of the most important families of C4‐free graphs are the Erdős‐Rényi orthogonal polarity graphs. We show that the Cayley sum graph constructed using a Bose‐Chowla Sidon set is isomorphic to a large induced subgraph of the Erdős‐Rényi orthogonal polarity graph. Using this isomorphism, we prove that the Petersen graph is a subgraph of every sufficiently large Erdős‐Rényi orthogonal polarity graph.
Graphs Containing Topological H
Authors: Ma Jie , Xie Qiqin , Yu Xingxing 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLet H denote the tree with six vertices, two of which are adjacent and of degree 3. Let G be a graph and be distinct vertices of G. We characterize those G that contain a topological H in which are of degree 3 and are of degree 1, which include all 5‐connected graphs. This work was motivated by the Kelmans–Seymour conjecture that 5‐connected nonplanar graphs contain topological K5.
In vitro metabolism studies of desoxy‐methyltestosterone (DMT) and its five analogues, and in vivo metabolism of desoxy‐vinyltestosterone (DVT) in horses
Authors: Kwok Wai Him , Kwok Karen Y. , Leung David K. K. , Leung Gary N. W. , Wong Colton H. F. , Wong Jenny K. Y. , Wan Terence S. M. 
Published: June 2015

The positive findings of norbolethone in 2002 and tetrahydrogestrinone in 2003 in human athlete samples confirmed that designer steroids were indeed being abused in human sports. In 2005, an addition to the family of designer steroids called ‘Madol’ [also known as desoxy‐methyltestosterone (DMT)] was seized by government officials at the US–Canadian border. Two years later, a positive finding of DMT was reported in a mixed martial arts athlete's sample. It is not uncommon that doping agents used in human sports would likewise be abused in equine sports. Designer steroids would, therefore, pose a similar threat to the horseracing and equestrian communities. This paper describes the in vitro metabolism studies of DMT and five of its structural analogues with different substituents at the 17α position (RH, ethyl, vinyl, ethynyl and 2H3‐methyl). In addition, the in vivo metabolism of desoxy‐vinyltestosterone (DVT) in horses will be presented.The in vitro studies revealed that the metabolic pathways of DMT and its analogues occurred predominantly in the A‐ring by way of a combination of enone formation, hydroxylation and reduction. Additional biotransformation involving hydroxylation of the 17α‐alkyl group was also observed for DMT and some of its analogues. The oral administration experiment revealed that DVT was extensively metabolised and the parent drug was not detected in urine. Two in vivo metabolites, derived respectively from (1) hydroxylation of the A‐ring and (2) di‐hydroxylation together with A‐ring double‐bond reduction, could be detected in urine up to a maximum of 46 h after administration. Another in vivo metabolite, derived from hydroxylation of the A‐ring with additional double‐bond reduction and di‐hydroxylation of the 17α‐vinyl group, could be detected in urine up to a maximum of 70 h post‐administration. All in vivo metabolites were excreted mainly as glucuronides and were also detected in the in vitro studies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Novel Janus Initiator for ATRP: Initiator Design and Application in Polymerization
Authors: Wu Ying , Zhang Wei , Li Na , Zhang Zhengbiao , Pan Xiangqiang , Zhu Jian , Cheng Zhenping , Zhu Xiulin 
Published: June 2015

A novel Janus compound containing azo‐based thermal initiator and bromo‐based atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiator group is synthesized. Such compound can be applied in the living radical polymerization of alkyl methacrylate monomers, such as methyl methacrylate, tert‐butyl methacrylate, and 2‐(N,N‐dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate. Polymers with controlled molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions are obtained. The structure of polymers is identified by 1H NMR spectroscopy and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrum. A modified initiator for continuous activator regeneration ATRP mechanism is proposed according to the polymerization behavior, hydrolysis of chain backbone, and end group identification.
image
Predictors of Adherence to a Falls Prevention Exercise Program for People with Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Allen Natalie E. , Song Jooeun , Paul Serene S. , Sherrington Catherine , Murray Susan M. , O'Rourke Sandra D. , Lord Stephen R. , Fung Victor S.C. , Close Jacqueline C.T. , Howard Kirsten , Canning Colleen G. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundLong‐term benefits of exercise for people with Parkinson's disease (PD) require regular and sustained participation. This study aimed to investigate predictors of adherence to a minimally supervised exercise program designed to reduce falls in people with PD.MethodPeople with idiopathic PD who participated in the exercise arm of a randomized, controlled trial were included. Exercises were prescribed three times per week for 6 months. Adherence was defined as the percentage of prescribed sessions participants reported as having undertaken. Potential predictors of adherence included baseline measures of demographic variables, disease severity and duration, falls and fear of falling, pain, self‐reported health and quality of life, cognition, physical activity levels, freezing of gait, functional mobility and balance, and knee extensor strength.ResultsThe 108 participants included undertook a mean of 72% (standard deviation: 38%) of prescribed sessions. Participants had higher levels of adherence if they had shorter disease duration, less bodily pain, and better self‐reported health and quality of life. A multivariate model (including disease duration, severity of bodily pain, self‐reported physical well‐being, the Frontal Assessment Battery, the Short Physical Performance Battery, and maximum walking time) explained 9% of the variance in exercise adherence, with shorter disease duration and less pain the strongest predictors (both predictors standardized β = −0.2; P = 0.04).ConclusionDisease duration and pain are likely to negatively influence exercise participation in people with PD. Given that most of the variance in adherence is unexplained, further work is required to determine other predictors of adherence to long‐term exercise programs.
Rotary scanning acquisition in ultra‐low‐field MRI
Authors: Hsu Yi‐Cheng , Zevenhoven Koos C.J. , Chu Ying‐Hua , Dabek Juhani , Ilmoniemi Risto J. , Lin Fa‐Hsuan 
Published: June 2015

PurposeTo develop a method of achieving large field of view (FOV) imaging with a smaller amount of data in ultra‐low‐field (ULF) MRI.TheoryIn rotary scanning acquisition (RSA), data from the imaging object is acquired at multiple angles by rotating the object or the scanner. RSA is similar to radial‐trajectory acquisition but simplifies the measurement and image reconstruction when concomitant fields are nonnegligible.MethodsRSA was implemented to achieve large FOV with only three localized superconductive quantum interference device (SQUID) sensors at the ULF‐MRI field of 50 μT.ResultsSimulations suggest benefits of RSA, including reduced concomitant field artifacts, large FOV imaging, and SNR improvement. Experimental data demonstrate the feasibility of reconstructing large FOV images using only three SQUID sensors with 33% of the amount of data collected using a Cartesian trajectory.ConclusionRSA can be useful in low‐field, low‐weight, or portable MRI to generate large FOV images with only a few sensors. Magn Reson Med 75:2255–2264, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multiscale reconstruction for MR fingerprinting
Authors: Pierre Eric Y. , Ma Dan , Chen Yong , Badve Chaitra , Griswold Mark A. 
Published: June 2015

PurposeTo reduce the acquisition time needed to obtain reliable parametric maps with Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting.MethodsAn iterative‐denoising algorithm is initialized by reconstructing the MRF image series at low image resolution. For subsequent iterations, the method enforces pixel‐wise fidelity to the best‐matching dictionary template then enforces fidelity to the acquired data at slightly higher spatial resolution. After convergence, parametric maps with desirable spatial resolution are obtained through template matching of the final image series. The proposed method was evaluated on phantom and in vivo data using the highly undersampled, variable‐density spiral trajectory and compared with the original MRF method. The benefits of additional sparsity constraints were also evaluated. When available, gold standard parameter maps were used to quantify the performance of each method.ResultsThe proposed approach allowed convergence to accurate parametric maps with as few as 300 time points of acquisition, as compared to 1000 in the original MRF work. Simultaneous quantification of T1, T2, proton density (PD), and B0 field variations in the brain was achieved in vivo for a 256 × 256 matrix for a total acquisition time of 10.2 s, representing a three‐fold reduction in acquisition time.ConclusionThe proposed iterative multiscale reconstruction reliably increases MRF acquisition speed and accuracy. Magn Reson Med 75:2481–2492, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Inversion group (IG) fitting: A new T1 mapping method for modified look‐locker inversion recovery (MOLLI) that allows arbitrary inversion groupings and rest periods (including no rest period)
Authors: Sussman Marshall S. , Yang Issac Y. , Fok Kai‐Ho , Wintersperger Bernd J. 
Published: June 2015

PurposeThe Modified Look‐Locker Inversion Recovery (MOLLI) technique is used for T1 mapping in the heart. However, a drawback of this technique is that it requires lengthy rest periods in between inversion groupings to allow for complete magnetization recovery. In this work, a new MOLLI fitting algorithm (inversion group [IG] fitting) is presented that allows for arbitrary combinations of inversion groupings and rest periods (including no rest period).Theory and MethodsConventional MOLLI algorithms use a three parameter fitting model. In IG fitting, the number of parameters is two plus the number of inversion groupings. This increased number of parameters permits any inversion grouping/rest period combination. Validation was performed through simulation, phantom, and in vivo experiments.ResultsIG fitting provided T1 values with less than 1% discrepancy across a range of inversion grouping/rest period combinations. By comparison, conventional three parameter fits exhibited up to 30% discrepancy for some combinations. The one drawback with IG fitting was a loss of precision—approximately 30% worse than the three parameter fits.ConclusionIG fitting permits arbitrary inversion grouping/rest period combinations (including no rest period). The cost of the algorithm is a loss of precision relative to conventional three parameter fits. Magn Reson Med 75:2332–2340, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Iterative selection of countermeasures for intelligent threat agents
Authors: Baiardi Fabrizio , Tonelli Federico , Bertolini Alessandro 
Published: June 2015

SummaryWe describe a model‐based approach to select cost‐effective countermeasures for an information and communication technology infrastructure under attack by intelligent agents. Each agent tries to reach some predefined goals through a sequence of attacks. The proposed approach builds the models of the infrastructure and of the agents, and then it applies a Monte Carlo method that runs multiple, independent simulations of the agent attacks. These simulations produce a statistical sample that is used to assess the risk. The selection of countermeasures works in an iterative way where each iteration selects some countermeasures and applies the Monte Carlo method to evaluate any residual risk. In this way, it takes into account that an intelligent agent may select distinct attacks to replace those affected by the countermeasures. To improve cost effectiveness, the selection focuses on useful attacks to reach a goal. The Haruspex suite is an integrated set of tool to support this approach. Some of its tools build the models of the agents and the one of the system. Another tool uses these models to apply the Monte Carlo method and simulate the agent attacks. This tool is iteratively invoked by the one that select countermeasures. We describe the adoption of the suite to assess and manage the risk of three industrial control systems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generalized Rybicki Press algorithm
Authors: Ambikasaran Sivaram 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThis article discusses a more general and numerically stable Rybicki Press algorithm, which enables inverting and computing determinants of covariance matrices, whose elements are sums of exponentials. The algorithm is true in exact arithmetic and relies on introducing new variables and corresponding equations, thereby converting the matrix into a banded matrix of larger size. Linear complexity banded algorithms for solving linear systems and computing determinants on the larger matrix enable linear complexity algorithms for the initial semi‐separable matrix as well. Benchmarks provided illustrate the linear scaling of the algorithm. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A conceptual framework for understanding and developing entrepreneurial behaviour: implications for social marketers
Authors: Jebarajakirthy Charles , Thaichon Paramaporn 
Published: June 2015

Inculcating entrepreneurial behaviour is beneficial to both individuals and the society at large. The Theory of Planned Behaviour has been generally applied to understand and examine entrepreneurial behaviour. However, as the underpinnings of this theory are not adequate for understanding the entire process of the development of entrepreneurial behaviour, a more comprehensive theoretical framework is required. Combining the Theory of Planned Behaviour with the Stages of Change Theory provides such a comprehensive theoretical framework. The Stages of Change Theory is used in the social marketing field to facilitate behavioural change, which has also been recently applied in organizational‐related studies, such as change management. A methodological and analytical approach is also suggested for empirically validating the framework developed in this study. The implications of this framework for theory and practice are discussed, as are directions for future research, which would be of use to researchers and practitioners in the social marketing field.
Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of new optically active α,α′,β‐trisubstituted‐β‐lactones as monomers for stereoregular biopolyesters
Authors: Belibel Rima , Barbaud Christel 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTVarious optically active (4R)‐alkyloxycarbonyl‐3,3‐dialkyl‐2‐oxetanones as monomers were synthesized from L‐(S)‐malic acid in six steps to prepare a new family of stereopolyesters for biomedical applications. The synthesis began with an esterification followed of a dialkylation in the aim to introduce hydrophobic groups as methyl or reactive group as allyl. Then, a saponification has permitted to obtain the corresponding diacids that reacted with appropriate alcohols to furnish different monoesters. The last and most important step was activation of hydroxyl group of monoesters with the asymmetric carbon configuration inversion according to the Mitsunobu reaction. Thus, this reaction has provided lactones from monoesters with 100% enantiomeric excess which was confirmed by 1H NMR and by the synthesis of corresponding isotactic and semicrystalline homopolyesters. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 2586–2597
Psychometric properties of the Cancer and Treatment Distress (CTXD) measure in hematopoietic cell transplantation patients
Authors: Syrjala Karen L. , Yi Jean C. , Langer Shelby L. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundThis study examines the psychometric properties of a measure of distress specific to cancer and its treatment, as tested in patients receiving hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT).MethodsWith multicenter enrollment, the Cancer and Treatment Distress (CTXD) measure was administered to adults beginning HCT as part of an assessment that included the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CESD), Profile of Mood States, and Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF‐36).ResultsFrom eight transplant centers, 176 of 219 eligible patients completed the assessment. Average age was 46.7 years (SD = 11.9), 59% were male, and the majority were identified as Caucasian (93%). Principal components analysis with the CTXD identified 22 items that loaded onto six factors explaining 69% of the variance: uncertainty, health burden, identity, medical demands, finances, and family strain. Internal consistency reliability for the 22 items was 0.91. The receiver operating characteristic area under the curve was 0.85 (95% CI [0.79, 0.91]), with a cut point of 1.1 resulting in a sensitivity rate of 0.91 and a specificity rate of 0.58. Convergent validity and divergent validity were confirmed with large correlations of the CTXD total score with the CESD, Profile of Mood States, and SF‐36 mental health; and a smaller correlation with the SF‐36 physical function (r = −0.30).ConclusionsThe CTXD is a reliable and valid measure of distress for HCT recipients and captures nearly all cases of depression on the CESD in addition to detecting distress in those who are not depressed. It has potential value as both a research and clinical screening measure for distress. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geriatric assessment findings independently associated with clinical depression in 1092 older patients with cancer: the ELCAPA Cohort Study
Authors: Canoui‐Poitrine Florence , Reinald Nicoleta , Laurent Marie , Guery Esther , Caillet Philippe , David Jean‐Philippe , Tournigand Christophe , Lagrange Jean‐Leon , Bastuji‐Garin Sylvie , Lemogne Cedric , Paillaud Elena ,   on behalf of the ELCAPA Study Group
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectiveWe aim to assess the prevalence and associated factors of clinical depression in older patients with cancer.MethodsWe studied a prospective cohort of cancer patients aged ≥70 years and referred to geriatric oncology clinics between 2007 and 2012. A multidimensional geriatric assessment was performed before choosing the cancer‐treatment strategy. Clinical depression was diagnosed by senior geriatricians by a semi‐structured interview. It encompassed criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (fourth edition) and of the International Classification of Diseases (10th edition). Multivariate logistic regression was performed.ResultsOf 1121 consecutive patients, 1092 had available data (mean age, 80.4 years; women, 48.8%; metastases, 51.3%; cancer location: colorectal 21.1%, breast 16.8%, kidney, bladder or urinary tract 14.0%, and prostate 11.4%). The overall prevalence of clinical depression was 28.4% (95% confidence interval, 25.7–31.2). Factors independently associated with clinical depression by multivariate analysis adjusting for all following factors plus gender, and metastasis were impaired mobility (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.35; 1.59–3.46), impaired functional status defined as Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status ≥ 2 (aOR, 2.39; 1.66–3.43) or as activities of daily living < 6 (aOR, 2.43; 1.73–3.41), inpatient status (aOR, 1.68; 1.20–2.37), inadequate social support (aOR, 1.66; 1.16–2.37), cognitive impairment (aOR, 1.76; 1.24–2.49), polypharmacy defined as five or more non‐antidepressant drugs (aOR, 1.65; 1.14–2.38), multimorbidity (aORadditional CIRS‐G point, 1.08; 1.04–1.12), and cancer‐related pain (aOR, 1.76; 1.26–2.46).ConclusionIn older patients with as‐yet untreated cancer at various sites and stages, clinical depression was highly prevalent. Clinical depression was independently associated with several geriatric assessment findings (impaired mobility and function, inadequate social support, cognitive impairment, polypharmacy, and multimorbidity) independently from gender, tumor site, and metastatic status. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.