bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
YjjQ Represses Transcription of
flhDC
and Additional Loci in Escherichia coli
Authors: Wiebe Helene , Gürlebeck Doreen , Groß Jana , Dreck Katrin , Pannen Derk , Ewers Christa , Wieler Lothar H. , Schnetz Karin 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

The presumptive transcriptional regulator YjjQ has been identified as being virulence associated in avian pathogenic
Escherichia coli
(APEC). In this work, we characterize YjjQ as transcriptional repressor of the
flhDC
operon, encoding the master regulator of flagellar synthesis, and of additional loci. The latter include
gfc
(capsule 4 synthesis),
ompC
(outer membrane porin C),
yfiRNB
(regulated c-di-GMP synthesis), and loci of poorly defined function (
ybhL
and
ymiA-yciX
). We identify the YjjQ DNA-binding sites at the
flhDC
and
gfc
promoters and characterize a DNA-binding sequence motif present at all promoters found to be repressed by YjjQ. At the
flhDC
promoter, the YjjQ DNA-binding site overlaps the RcsA-RcsB DNA-binding site. RcsA-RcsB likewise represses the
flhDC
promoter, but the repression by YjjQ and that by RcsA-RcsB are independent of each other. These data suggest that YjjQ is an additional regulator involved in the complex control of
flhDC
at the level of transcription initiation. Furthermore, we show that YjjQ represses motility of the
E. coli
K-12 laboratory strain and of uropathogenic
E. coli
(UPEC) strains CFT073 and 536. Regulation of
flhDC
,
yfiRNB
, and additional loci by YjjQ may be features relevant for pathogenicity.

IMPORTANCE
Escherichia coli
is a commensal and pathogenic bacterium causing intra- and extraintestinal infections in humans and farm animals. The pathogenicity of
E. coli
strains is determined by their particular genome content, which includes essential and associated virulence factors that control the cellular physiology in the host environment. However, the gene pools of commensal and pathogenic
E. coli
are not clearly differentiated, and the function of virulence-associated loci needs to be characterized. In this study, we characterize the function of
yjjQ
, encoding a transcription regulator that was identified as being virulence associated in avian pathogenic
E. coli
(APEC). We characterize YjjQ as transcriptional repressor of flagellar motility and of additional loci related to pathogenicity.
The impact of feedback of intraoperative technical performance in surgery: a systematic review
Authors: Trehan Abhishek , Barnett-Vanes Ashton , Carty Matthew J , McCulloch Peter , Maruthappu Mahiben 
Published: June 2015

ObjectivesIncreasing patient demands, costs and emphasis on safety, coupled with reductions in the length of time surgical trainees spend in the operating theatre, necessitate means to improve the efficiency of surgical training. In this respect, feedback based on intraoperative surgical performance may be beneficial. Our aim was to systematically review the impact of intraoperative feedback based on surgical performance.SettingMEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, AMED and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched. Two reviewers independently reviewed citations using predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. 32 data-points per study were extracted.ParticipantsThe search strategy yielded 1531 citations. Three studies were eligible, which comprised a total of 280 procedures by 62 surgeons.ResultsOverall, feedback based on intraoperative surgical performance was found to be a powerful method for improving performance. In cholecystectomy, feedback led to a reduction in procedure time (p=0.022) and an improvement in economy of movement (p<0.001). In simulated laparoscopic colectomy, feedback led to improvements in instrument path length (p=0.001) and instrument smoothness (p=0.045). Feedback also reduced error scores in cholecystectomy (p=0.003), simulated laparoscopic colectomy (p<0.001) and simulated renal artery angioplasty (p=0.004). In addition, feedback improved balloon placement accuracy (p=0.041), and resulted in a smoother learning curve and earlier plateau in performance in simulated renal artery angioplasty.ConclusionsIntraoperative feedback appears to be associated with an improvement in performance, however, there is a paucity of research in this area. Further work is needed in order to establish the long-term benefits of feedback and the optimum means and circumstances of feedback delivery.
Association between body height and chronic low back pain: a follow-up in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study
Authors: Heuch Ingrid , Heuch Ivar , Hagen Knut , Zwart John-Anker 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveTo study potential associations between body height and subsequent occurrence of chronic low back pain (LBP).DesignProspective cohort study.SettingThe North-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT). Data were obtained from a whole Norwegian county in the HUNT2 (1995–1997) and HUNT3 (2006–2008) surveys.ParticipantsAltogether, 3883 women and 2662 men with LBP, and 10 059 women and 8725 men without LBP, aged 30–69 years, were included at baseline and reported after 11 years whether they suffered from LBP.Main outcome measureChronic LBP, defined as pain persisting for 3 months during the previous year.ResultsAssociations between body height and risk and recurrence of LBP were evaluated by generalised linear modelling. Potential confounders, such as BMI, age, education, employment, physical activity, smoking, blood pressure and lipid levels were adjusted for. In women with no LBP at baseline and body height ≥170 cm, a higher risk of LBP was demonstrated after adjustment for other risk factors (relative risk 1.19, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.37; compared with height <160 cm). No relationship was established among men or among women with LBP at baseline.ConclusionsIn women without LBP, a body height ≥170 cm may predispose to chronic LBP 11 years later. This may reflect mechanical issues or indicate a hormonal influence.
The relation between cigarette price and hand-rolling tobacco consumption in the UK: an ecological study
Authors: Rothwell Lucas , Britton John , Bogdanovica Ilze 
Published: June 2015

ObjectivesCigarette price increases reduce smoking prevalence but as a tobacco control policy are undermined by the availability of lower cost alternatives such as hand-rolling tobacco. The aim of this descriptive study is to explore time trends in the price of manufactured cigarettes and hand-rolling tobacco, and in the numbers of people who smoke these products, over recent years in the UK.Settings and participantsUK.Outcome measuresTrends in the most popular price category (MPPC) data for cigarettes and hand-rolling tobacco from 1983 to 2012 adjusted for inflation using the Retail Price Index, and trends in smoking prevalence and the proportion of smokers using hand-rolling tobacco from 1974 to 2010.ResultsAfter adjustment for inflation, there was an increase in prices of manufactured cigarettes and hand-rolling tobacco between 1983 and 2012. Between 1974 and 2010, the prevalence of smoking fell from 45% to 20%, and the estimated total number of smokers from 25.3 to 12.4 million. However the number of people smoking hand-rolling tobacco increased from 1.4 to 3.2 million, and MPPC cigarette price was strongly correlated with number of people smoking hand-rolling tobacco.ConclusionsAlthough the ecological study design precludes conclusions on causality, the association between increases in manufactured cigarette price and the number of people smoking hand-rolling tobacco suggests that the lower cost of smoking hand-rolling tobacco encourages downtrading when cigarette prices rise. The magnitude of this association indicates that the lower cost of hand-rolling tobacco seriously undermines the use of price as a tobacco control measure.
Association between prehospital vitamin D status and incident acute respiratory failure in critically ill patients: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Thickett David R , Moromizato Takuhiro , Litonjua Augusto A , Amrein Karin , Quraishi Sadeq A , Lee-Sarwar Kathleen A , Mogensen Kris M , Purtle Steven W , Gibbons Fiona K , Camargo Carlos A , Giovannucci Edward , Christopher Kenneth B 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveWe hypothesise that low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels before hospitalisation are associated with increased risk of acute respiratory failure.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingMedical and Surgical Intensive care units of two Boston teaching hospitals.Patients1985 critically ill adults admitted between 1998 and 2011.InterventionsNone.Measurements and main resultsThe exposure of interest was prehospital serum 25(OH)D categorised as ≤10 ng/mL, 11–19.9 ng/mL, 20–29.9 ng/mL and ≥30 ng/mL. The primary outcome was acute respiratory failure excluding congestive heart failure determined by International Classification of Diseases Ninth Edition (ICD-9) coding and validated against the Berlin Definition of acute respiratory sistress syndrome. Association between 25(OH)D and acute respiratory failure was assessed using logistic regression, while adjusting for age, race, sex, Deyo-Charlson Index and patient type (medical vs surgical).In the cohort, the mean age was 63 years, 45% were male and 80% were white; 25(OH)D was ≤10 ng/mL in 8% of patients, 11–19.9 ng/mL in 24%, 20–29.9 ng/mL in 24% and ≥30 ng/mL in 44% of patients. Eighteen per cent (n=351) were diagnosed with acute respiratory failure. Compared to patients with 25(OH)D ≥30 ng/mL, patients with lower 25(OH)D levels had significantly higher adjusted odds of acute respiratory failure (≤10 ng/mL, OR=1.84 (95% CI 1.22 to 2.77); 11–19.9 ng/mL, OR=1.60 (95% CI 1.19 to 2.15); 20–29.9 ng/mL, OR=1.37 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.86)).ConclusionsPrehospital 25(OH)D was associated with the risk of acute respiratory failure in our critically ill patient cohort.
Hospital autopsy: Endangered or extinct?
Authors: Turnbull Angus , Osborn Michael , Nicholas Nick 
Published: June 2015

AimTo determine the hospital autopsy rate for the UK in 2013.MethodsA study of data from a ‘Freedom of Information’ request to all (n=186) acute NHS Trusts within England (n=160), NHS Boards in Scotland (n=14) and Wales (n=7) and Social Care Trusts in Northern Ireland (n=5). Hospital autopsy rates were calculated from the number of hospital autopsies performed in 2013 as a percentage of total inpatient deaths in the Trust that year.ResultsThe UK response rate was 99% (n=184), yielding a mean autopsy rate of 0.69%. The mean rates were 0.51% (England), 2.13% (Scotland), 0.65% (Wales) and 0.46% (Northern Ireland). 23% (n=38) of all included respondents had a rate of 0% and 86% (n=143) a rate less than 1%.ConclusionsThe decline in hospital autopsy has continued relentlessly and, for better or for worse, the practice is on the verge of extinction in the UK. The study highlights to health professionals and policy makers the magnitude of this decline. Further research should investigate the impact of this on patient safety, clinical audit, public health and medical education.
Feasibility of combined surgical and endovascular carotid access for interventional treatment of ischemic stroke
Authors: Wiesmann Martin , Kalder Johannes , Reich Arno , Brockmann Marc-Alexander , Othman Ahmed , Greiner Andreas , Nikoubashman Omid 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundRapid recanalization of occluded vessels is crucial for good clinical outcome in acute ischemic stroke. Endovascular treatment is usually performed via a transfemoral approach, but catheterization of the carotid arteries can be problematic in cases of difficult anatomy or vascular pathologies in some cases.ObjectiveTo describe our experience with a technique involving surgical access to the carotid artery and consecutive transcarotid endovascular thrombectomy in patients with acute stroke.MethodsIn a retrospective review of a prospectively maintained registry we identified 6 patients who underwent acute endovascular thrombectomy via a surgical access to the carotid artery.ResultsAdmission National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) ranged from 7 to 23. Intracranial recanalization (thrombolysis in cerebral infarction, TICI≥2b) was achieved in all patients (100%). Recanalization was achieved within 19±5 min after establishing carotid access. One patient developed a small neck hematoma, which was surgically removed without complications. No complications related to endovascular therapy were seen. At 3 months’ follow-up, five patients had survived. Three patients (50%) had regained excellent neurological function (modified Rankin Scale, mRS 0–1).ConclusionsSurgical carotid access for endovascular stroke treatment is feasible, with considerable advantages, in patients with expected problematic access or for whom transfemoral endovascular carotid access has failed.
Petrophysical record of the Late Silurian shallow-water carbonate facies across the Lau Event (Prague Synform, Czech Republic) and dynamic time warping alignment of the magnetic susceptibility logs
Authors: Chadimova Leona , Vacek Frantisek , Sobien Katarzyna , Slavik Ladislav , Hladil Jindrich 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

High-resolution petrophysical logging magnetic susceptibility measurements (MS) and gamma-ray spectrometry (GRS), supplemented by rock magnetic measurements (anhysteretic and isothermal remanent magnetizations (ARM/IRM), frequency-dependent MS (FDMS)) and MS logs alignment using the dynamic time warping (DTW) algorithm, were constrained by upgraded conodont biozonation across the Lau Event interval (LEI). Two sections (Pozary and Muslovka) representing shallow-water facies in the Prague Synform were studied. Conodont data and DTW alignment show that Muslovka represents a less complete succession when compared to the Pozary. DTW alignment of the MS logs shows perfect match of the logs and detected six prominent and several minor gaps. MS logs show elevated values and triple peaks at both sections across the LEI which start in the uppermost part of the
siluricus
Biozone. Magnetite was identified as the main carrier of the MS signal at both sections using ARM and IRM. FDMS revealed occurrence of superparamagnetic (SP) particles at both sections in all selected samples. Furthermore, a higher contribution of SP particles to the MS signal is recorded below the Lau Event interval in the Pozary section. GRS logs show depletion in U concentrations across the LEI at both sections.
PET/CT Improves the Definition of Complete Response and Allows to Detect Otherwise Unidentifiable Skeletal Progression in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Zamagni Elena , Nanni Cristina , Mancuso Katia , Tacchetti Paola , Pezzi Annalisa , Pantani Lucia , Zannetti Beatrice , Rambaldi Ilaria , Brioli Annamaria , Rocchi Serena , Terragna Carolina , Martello Marina , Marzocchi Giulia , Borsi Enrica , Rizzello Ilaria , Fanti Stefano , Cavo Michele 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPurpose: To evaluate the role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in 282 symptomatic multiple myeloma patients treated up-front between 2002 and 2012.Experimental Design: All patients were studied by PET/CT at baseline, during posttreatment follow-up, and at the time of relapse. Their median duration of follow-up was 67 months.Results: Forty-two percent of the patients at diagnosis had &gt;3 focal lesions, and in 50% SUVmax was &gt;4.2; extramedullary disease was present in 5%. On multivariate analysis, ISS stage 3, SUVmax &gt;4.2, and failure to achieve best complete response (CR) were the leading factors independently associated with shorter progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). These 3 variables were used to construct a prognostic scoring system based on the number of risk factors. After treatment, PET/CT negativity (PET-neg) was observed in 70% of patients, whereas conventionally defined CR was achieved in 53%. Attainment of PET-neg favorably influenced PFS and OS. PET-neg was an independent predictor of prolonged PFS and OS for patients with conventionally defined CR. Sixty-three percent of patients experienced relapse or progression; in 12%, skeletal progression was exclusively detected by systematic PET/CT performed during follow-up. A multivariate analysis revealed that persistence of SUVmax &gt;4.2 following first-line treatment was independently associated with exclusive PET/CT progression.Conclusions: PET/CT combined with ISS stage and achievement or not of CR on first-line therapy sorted patients into different prognostic groups. PET/CT led to a more careful evaluation of CR. Finally, in patients with persistent high glucose metabolism after first-line treatment, PET/CT can be recommended during follow-up, to screen for otherwise unidentifiable progression. Clin Cancer Res; 21(19); 4384–90. ©2015 AACR.
Selecting High-Risk Individuals for Lung Cancer Screening: A Prospective Evaluation of Existing Risk Models and Eligibility Criteria in the German EPIC Cohort
Authors: Li Kuanrong , Hüsing Anika , Sookthai Disorn , Bergmann Manuela , Boeing Heiner , Becker Nikolaus , Kaaks Rudolf 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Lung cancer risk prediction models are considered more accurate than the eligibility criteria based on age and smoking in identification of high-risk individuals for screening. We externally validated four lung cancer risk prediction models (Bach, Spitz, LLP, and PLCOM2012) among 20,700 ever smokers in the EPIC-Germany cohort. High-risk subjects were identified using the eligibility criteria applied in clinical trials (NELSON/LUSI, DLCST, ITALUNG, DANTE, and NLST) and the four risk prediction models. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV) were calculated based on the lung cancers diagnosed in the first 5 years of follow-up. Decision curve analysis was performed to compare net benefits. The number of high-risk subjects identified by the eligibility criteria ranged from 3,409 (NELSON/LUSI) to 1,458 (NLST). Among the eligibility criteria, the DLCST produced the highest sensitivity (64.13%), whereas the NLST produced the highest specificity (93.13%) and PPV (2.88%). The PLCOM2012 model showed the best performance in external validation (C-index: 0.81; 95% CI, 0.76–0.86; E/O: 1.03; 95% CI, 0.87–1.23) and the highest sensitivity, specificity, and PPV, but the superiority over the Bach model and the LLP model was modest. All the models but the Spitz model showed greater net benefit over the full range of risk estimates than the eligibility criteria. We concluded that all of the lung cancer risk prediction models apart from the Spitz model have a similar accuracy to identify high-risk individuals for screening, but in general outperform the eligibility criteria used in the screening trials. Cancer Prev Res; 8(9); 777–85. ©2015 AACR.
Cancer Prevention Research in China
Authors: Yu Siwang , Yang Chung S. , Li Junyao , You Weicheng , Chen Jianguo , Cao Ya , Dong Zigang , Qiao Youlin 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Although cancer incidence and mortality rates in the United States and some European countries have started to decrease, those in developing countries are increasing. China, the most populous developing country, is facing a serious challenge from cancer. Cancer incidence has been increasing for decades, and cancer is the leading cause of death in China. In 2012, the cancer incidence was 174.0 per 100,000, and the cancer mortality was 122.2 per 100,000 in China. In addition to the still-prevalent traditional Chinese cancers of the stomach, liver, esophagus, cervix, and nasopharynx, the incidence of “Western” cancers such those of the lung, breast, and colorectum has increased alarmingly in recent years. These increases are likely due to the lifestyle and environmental changes associated with rapid economic development and population aging. More importantly, a large portion of these cancers are preventable. Researchers in China have made important contributions to cancer prevention research, especially in the traditional Chinese cancers. More cancer prevention research and measures, especially on the major emerging cancers, are urgently needed. This review article highlights some of the past achievements and present needs in cancer prevention research in China and suggests important areas for future studies. Cancer Prev Res; 8(8); 662–74. ©2015 AACR.
O lugar do patrimônio industrial na cidade contemporânea - atores, valores e embates: a trajetória das Indústrias Reunidas Francisco Matarazzo na Água Branca
Authors: Lessa Ana Lara Barbosa 
Published: June 2015

<p>Neste trabalho analisa-se a ação e os conflitos de vários atores sociais, compreendendo os diferentes valores atribuídos ao antigo conjunto das Indústrias Reunidas Francisco Matarazzo (IRFM) no bairro da Água Branca, no município de São Paulo-SP. São estudadas as justificativas e interesses que deram subsídio ao processo de tombamento do conjunto (iniciado em 1985) e também as diversas iniciativas de desenvolvimento urbano propostas para a área. Constatam-se as incoerências e sobreposições dos diferentes discursos e as mudanças dos valores atribuídos a um mesmo bem ao longo do tempo. Por fim, verifica-se a importância do diálogo entre as ações de preservação do patrimônio e de desenvolvimento urbano na cidade contemporânea.</p><p> </p>
Caracterização da argamassa de assentamento do Mosteirinho da Irmandade de São Francisco em Paudalho-PE
Authors: Souza Marília Lopes , Carneiro Arnaldo Manoel Pereira 
Published: June 2015

<p>Este trabalho apresenta um estudo realizado no Mosteirinho da Irmandade de São Francisco, um convento franciscano abandonado em Paudalho, município de Pernambuco. Foram realizadas a caracterização das argamassas de assentamento encontradas nesse edifício e a caracterização das areias encontradas próximo à construção, a fim de se fazer uma análise comparativa entre os compostos e se ter maior conhecimento acerca dos materiais utilizados. As amostras de argamassa foram submetidas a ensaios de granulometria por peneiramento, classificação petrográfica dos grãos, análises térmicas (ATG, DTG, ATD), fluorescência de raios X (FRX), difratometria de raios X (DRX) e microscopia, incluindo análise petrográfica e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). As amostras de areia foram submetidas a ensaio de distribuição granulométrica, classificação petrográfica dos grãos e microscopia óptica. Pelos ensaios realizados, verificou-se que as amostras de argamassa das paredes internas do edifício são compostas de barro, não tendo sido utilizada cal como aglomerante, enquanto a parede externa foi construída utilizando argamassa mista de barro e cal. As amostras de areia de rio possuem grande quantidade de fragmentos de conchas, e apresentam semelhança com o agregado de apenas umas das amostras analisadas. Isso é um indício de que a areia da região pode ter sido utilizada em pelo menos uma das fases de construção do edifício. </p>
Caminhos para proteção dos babaçuais e dos seus detentores culturais
Authors: Pereira Marielle Rodrigues 
Published: June 2015

<p>O artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre a aplicação do Inventário Nacional de Referências Culturais (INRC) e o uso das indicações geográficas como instrumentos complementares às políticas de salvaguarda do patrimônio ambiental e cultural, no que tange à conservação da biodiversidade e à proteção da reprodução cultural, social, ancestral e econômica dos povos tradicionais da região norte do Tocantins que vivem em função do babaçu.</p><p> </p>