bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of oral prednisone administration with or without ultralow-dose acetylsalicylic acid on coagulation parameters in healthy dogs
Authors: O'Kell Allison L. , Grant David C. , Panciera David L. , Troy Gregory C. , Weinstein Nicole M. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Objective—To determine the effects of oral prednisone administration with or without ultralow-dose acetylsalicylic acid on coagulation parameters in healthy dogs and to assess intraindividual variation in thromboelastography results.
Animals—14 healthy research dogs and 10 healthy client-owned dogs.
Procedures—In a randomized controlled trial, research dogs underwent thromboelastography twice (3 days apart), and intraindividual variation in test results was calculated. Dogs were given prednisone (2 mg/kg/d, PO) plus acetylsalicylic acid (0.5 mg/kg/d, PO) or prednisone (2 mg/kg/d, PO) plus a placebo for 14 days, after which thromboelastography and other tests were repeated. Differences from preadministration (baseline) test results between and within groups were compared. In a separate trial, client-owned dogs also underwent thromboelastography twice 2 days apart to assess intraindividual variation in untreated dogs.
Results—Intraindividual variation in thromboelastography results for research dogs was ≤ 10% for maximum amplitude (MA) and α angle. In the research dogs, MA and fibrinogen values significantly increased from baseline, whereas percentage lysis 30 minutes after attainment of the MA as well as antithrombin activity significantly decreased within each group. In the dogs that received prednisone plus a placebo, percentage lysis 60 minutes after attainment of the MA was significantly lower than at baseline. For all parameters for research dogs, there was no difference between groups for change from baseline. Intraindividual variation in findings for client-owned dogs was similar to the variation for research dogs.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Prednisone administration resulted in hypercoagulability in healthy dogs as indicated by an increase in MA and plasma fibrinogen concentration and a decrease in antithrombin activity. Concurrent ultralow-dose acetylsalicylic acid use had no effect on measured thromboelastography values. The high intraindividual variation in some thromboelastography parameters may preclude routine use of this technique in clinical practice.
Viscoelastic pharmacodynamics after dalteparin administration to healthy dogs
Authors: Brainard Benjamin M. , Koenig Amie , Babski Danielle M. , Blong April E. , Scherk Jordan R. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the pharmacodynamic effects of dalteparin in dogs by means of viscoelastic coagulation monitoring with a thromboelastograph and a dynamic viscoelastic coagulometer.
Animals—6 healthy adult mixed-breed dogs.
Procedures—Dalteparin (175 U/kg, SC, q 12 h) was administered for 4 days (days 1 through 4). Viscoelastic coagulation monitoring was performed hourly on the first and last days of treatment and included intermittent measurement of anti–activated coagulation factor X activity (AXA).
Results—Dalteparin administration resulted in progressive hypocoagulability. On both day 1 and 4, activated clotting time and clot rate for the dynamic viscoelastic coagulometer differed significantly from baseline values, whereas the platelet function parameter did not change on day 1 but did on day 4. The R (reaction time), time from reaction time until the amplitude of the thromboelastography tracing is 20 mm, α-angle, and maximum amplitude differed from baseline values on days 1 and 4, although many thromboelastographic variables were not determined. The AXA was increased from baseline values at 3 and 6 hours after administration of the dalteparin injection on days 1 and 4, and all dogs had AXA values between 0.5 and 1.0 U/mL at 2 and 4 hours after administration. The AXA correlated well with activated clotting time (r = 0.761) and with R (r = 0.810), when values were available. Thromboelastography could not be used to distinguish AXA > 0.7 U/mL.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Viscoelastic coagulation monitoring with strong coagulation activators may be used to monitor treatment with dalteparin in healthy dogs.
Surveillance for Mycobacterium bovis transmission from domestic cattle to wild ruminants in a Mexican wildlife-livestock interface area
Authors: Cisneros Luis F. , Valdivia Arturo G. , Waldrup Kenneth , Díaz-Aparicio Efrén , Martínez-de-Anda Armando , Cruz-Vázquez Carlos R. , Ortiz Raúl 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Objective—To assess the prevalence of Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle and wild ruminants (WRs) in a wildlife-livestock interface area (WLIA) of the Mexican highland plateau.
Animals—24,400 cattle from 793 herds (including 17,351 commercially slaughtered cattle) and 142 WRs (110 white-tailed deer [Odocoileus virginianus], 20 red deer [Cervus elaphus], and 12 North American elk [Cervus canadensis]) harvested via controlled hunting.
Procedures—Cattle were serially tested for M bovis infection via caudal fold tuberculin and comparative cervical tuberculin tests during field surveillance. Carcasses of cattle and WRs were inspected for gross lesions; samples suggestive of tuberculosis were analyzed via histologic evaluation and mycobacterial culture (HMC). A PCR assay to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex organisms was performed to confirm positive results of HMC.
Results—WRs had inflammatory lesions in lungs and lymph nodes, although HMC results did not indicate M bovis infection. Eight cattle had positive results for both tuberculin tests, and 31 had positive results for HMC of grossly detected lesions; all were from 7 herds, and ≥ 1 cow in each herd had positive PCR assay results. These 7 herds were depopulated; adjacent herds and herds related via commerce were quarantined. Calculated true prevalence of M bovis infection was 0.86% (95% confidence interval, 0.24% to 1.49%) in cattle; M bovis was not detected in any WRs.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—M bovis infection was present in cattle. Although transmission to WRs in this WLIA was not detected, diagnosis and prevention activities should be implemented and consolidated to prevent potential M bovis transmission between cattle and WRs.
An adaptive integrated rule-based algorithm for license plate localization
Authors: Paunwala C. , Patnaik S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis paper addresses a license plate localization (LPL) algorithm for a complex background. Most of LPL algorithm works on restricted conditions, as well as on a principle of sequential elimination of blocks from image level to final LP candidate region. In most of algorithms, blocks are filtered out for not satisfying required LP features in a top-down approach and this may result in a poor efficiency in a complex scenario. The major steps of the proposed approach are adaptive edge mapping, saliency measure of edge based rules with confidence level estimation using fuzzy rules and final step for reassessment of decision by colour attributes filtering. The proposed algorithm is adaptive to across the country variations in LP standards, as well as it is tested on two data sets each one consisting of more than 700 images, set-1 being for good images while set-2 including only constrained images. The algorithm is tested for a low contrast due to overexposure or poor lighting, existence of multiple plates, variation in aspect ratio and compatible background conditions. It has been observed, that the performance degradation imposing complex condition is nominal.
Nomenklatura 2012 : les nouveaux décideurs
Authors: Schreiber Thomas 
Published: September 2012

Résumé	Le terme de nomenklatura , censé avoir fait naufrage avec le communisme, perdure dans le vocabulaire politique des pays de l’Europe de l’Est. Ceux-ci sont désormais dirigés par des décideurs alliant les héritiers de la dissidence et de jeunes élites largement formées en Occident. L’origine de ces nouvelles élites explique les positions particulières qu’elles adoptent en matière économique, dans les choix stratégiques de la construction européenne, pour la défense de leurs intérêts nationaux.
La faim dans le monde, vrais et faux débats
Authors: Étienne Gilbert 
Published: September 2012

La « révolution verte » lancée dans les années 1960 après les premières mesures de l’après-guerre a permis de traiter une large part du problème alimentaire en Asie du Sud. Mais l’Afrique subsaharienne demeure grevée de lourds handicaps et, en Asie même, les efforts qui conduisirent hier au succès semblent se relâcher. C’est le modèle de la première « révolution verte » qu’il s’agit de retrouver, tant dans ses dimensions politiques internes que dans les exigences de la coopération internationale.
Reliability of absolute lymphocyte count as a marker to assess the need to initiate antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected children
Authors: Shah I , Parikh S 
Published: September 2012

Background:
CD4 counts are a standard laboratory measure of disease progression in HIV-infected children. However, CD4 counting is done by flow cytometry and may not always be possible in every centre treating HIV-infected children in resource-limited countries. Absolute Lymphocyte Count (ALC) can be derived easily by performing a routine white blood cell count. The World Health Organization (WHO) in 2006 had recommended ALC to identify HIV-infected children in need of ART in resource-limited settings, when CD4 cell count is not available.

Aims:
This study aims to assess the reliability of using ALC as a marker for starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-infected children in a tertiary hospital setting.

Settings and Design:
Retrospective analysis of 46 HIV-infected children who presented at a pediatric HIV clinic at a tertiary referral centre from 2002-2005.

Materials and Methods:
Using WHO 2006 guidelines for cutoff values of ALC and 2008 guidelines for CD4% as a comparative standard, a retrospective analysis was done on ART-naοve HIV-infected children who underwent baseline CD4% and ALC, and sensitivity and specificity of ALC was calculated.

Statistical Analysis:
Fischer exact two-tailed analysis was used to correlate ALC and CD4 and need for starting ART.

Results:
Sensitivity of ALC was 27.6% (72.4% were false negatives), specificity was 70.6%, with positive predictive value of 61.5%. On comparison across all clinical stages of disease, only 13/46 children (28.2%) would have been started on ART according to ALC cutoffs versus 29/46 children (63.04%) using CD4 criteria (P value=0.0015). In children with WHO clinical Stage 1 or 2 of disease, only 1/11 (9.1%) children were identified by ALC as requiring ART as opposed to 6/11 (54.5%) children by CD4% (P=0.0635).

Conclusions:
ALC is an unreliable marker to determine the need for starting ART in HIV-infected children.
“Gods… Adorned with the Embroiderer’s Needle”: The Materials, Making and Meaning of a Taino Cotton Reliquary
Authors: Ostapkowicz Joanna , Newsom Lee 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA unique cotton Taíno reliquary—the only extant example currently known—provides an unprecedented window onto the complex mortuary and ritual ceremonies of the pre-Hispanic Caribbean. This study explores its cultural context as recorded by the early Spanish and French chroniclers and missionaries who were witness to the use and beliefs surrounding these objects in both the Greater and Lesser Antilles. It provides the first AMS radiocarbon date for the reliquary, placing it within a firmer historical context. It also examines the woven sculpture in some detail, providing a review of the manufacture process and a detailed study of the components—cotton, animal hair, lianas, gourd, resins and shell—that went into its creation. From the wrapping of important cemís (representations of spirits) in cotton, to the binding of the skeletal remains of venerated ancestors within elaborate weavings, cotton had an intrinsic value as a material that wrapped and bound the ancestors to the living and the living to each other.
Gallbladder
Authors: Sobin L. H. , Gospodarowicz M.K. , Wittekind Ch. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

The TNM system is used to describe and classify cancer stages and progression based on the assessment of three components:

T

The extent of the primary tumour

N

The absence or presence and extent of regional lymph node metastasis

M

The absence or presence of distant metastasis.

TNM classification for the above site is described under the following headings:

Rules for classification with the procedures for assessing T, N, and M categories; additional methods may be used when they enhance the accuracy of appraisal before treatment

Anatomical sites and subsites where appropriate

Definition of the regional lymph nodes

TNM Clinical classification

pTNM Pathological classification

G Histopathological grading

Stage grouping

Summary
Malignant Melanoma of Conjunctiva
Authors: Sobin L. H. , Gospodarowicz M.K. , Wittekind Ch. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

The TNM system is used to describe and classify cancer stages and progression based on the assessment of three components:

T

The extent of the primary tumour

N

The absence or presence and extent of regional lymph node metastasis

M

The absence or presence of distant metastasis.

TNM classification for the above site is described under the following headings:

Rules for classification with the procedures for assessing T, N, and M categories; additional methods may be used when they enhance the accuracy of appraisal before treatment

Anatomical sites and subsites where appropriate

Definition of the regional lymph nodes

TNM Clinical classification

pTNM Pathological classification

G Histopathological grading

Stage grouping

Summary
B‐cell receptor configuration and adverse cytogenetics are associated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Maura Francesco , Visco Carlo , Falisi Erika , Reda Gianluigi , Fabris Sonia , Agnelli Luca , Tuana Giacomo , Lionetti Marta , Guercini Nicola , Novella Elisabetta , Nichele Ilaria , Montaldi Anna , Autore Francesco , Gregorini Anna , Barcellini Wilma , Callea Vincenzo , Mauro Francesca R. , Laurenti Luca , Foà Robin , Neri Antonino , Rodeghiero Francesco , Cortelezzi Agostino 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe development of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is associated with specific biological features. The occurrence of AIHA was hereby investigated in a retrospective series of 585 CLL patients with available immunoglobulin heavy chain variable (IGHV) gene status. AIHA occurred in 73 patients and was significantly associated with an IGHV unmutated (UM) status (P < 0.0001) and unfavorable [del(17)(p13) and del(11)(q23)] cytogenetic lesions (P < 0.0001). Stereotyped HCDR3 sequences were identified in 29.6% of cases and were similarly represented among patients developing or not AIHA; notably, subset #3 was associated with a significantly higher risk of AIHA than the other patients (P = 0.004). Multivariate analysis showed that UM IGHV, del(17)(p13) and del(11)(q23), but not stereotyped subset #3, were the strongest independent variables associated with AIHA. Based on these findings, we generated a biological risk score for AIHA development according to the presence of none (low risk), one (intermediated risk), or two (high risk) of the independent risk factors. Overall, our data indicate that UM IGHV status and/or unfavorable cytogenetic lesions are associated with the risk of developing secondary AIHA in CLL patients and suggest a possible role of specific stereotyped B‐cell receptor subsets in a proportion of cases. Am. J. Hematol. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fullerene‐Catalyzed Reduction of Azo Derivatives in Water under UV Irradiation
Authors: Guo Yong , Li Wengang , Yan Jingjing , Moosa Basem , Amad Ma'an , Werth Charles J. , Khashab Niveen M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMetal‐free fullerene (C60) was found to be an effective catalyst for the reduction of azo groups in basic aqueous solution under UV irradiation in the presence of NaBH4. Use of NaBH4 by itself is not sufficient to reduce the azo dyes without the assistance of a metal catalyst such as Pd and Ag. Experimental and theoretical results suggest that C60 catalyzes this reaction by using its vacant orbital to accept the electron in the bonding orbital of azo dyes, which leads to the activation of the NN bond. UV irradiation increases the ability of C60 to interact with electron‐donor moieties in azo dyes.
Youla Parameterization Based Adaptive Controller Design for Fault Tolerant Control
Authors: Cui Lei , Zhang Yong , Yang Ying 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA new adaptive controller for fault tolerant control (FTC) is proposed in this paper. It is realized by adapting the reconfigurable fault parameterized matrix with the estimated fault. The proposed approach is applied in a linear reduced order aircraft model, and simulation results show the effectiveness.
Zweck und Zweckmäßigkeit in der Wissenschaft
Authors: Gatzemeier Matthias 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe following considerations are not of a historical but of a systematic kind, i.e., without mentioning other historical theories, I would like to contribute my ideas on the problems of purpose in scientific thought.The first part concerns itself with the definition of science/knowledge. This will not involve a complete definition but only parts thereof, namely science/knowledge is a sort of theoretical acting which satisfies certain criteria and is therefore consciously or unconsciously always directed by aims and purposes.On the basis of this minimal definition, the relationship between aims and methods is described in the second part as a relationship between purpose and means: methods are more or less effective means for the realisation of certain aims. The third part contains some distinctions of the problems of purpose, which entail in particular the difference between aims intrinsic and extrinsic to science/knowledge and aims of action and nature.
Wesen und Bedeutung der „Zweckursache”︁ bei Aristoteles
Authors: Kullmann Wolfgang 
Published: September 2012

AbstractNature and significance of the ‚final cause’︁ in Aristotle. − 1. In Aristotle's treatment of the tissues and the organs of animal body the search for their final cause is nothing but the search for their function. There are no speculations about the origin of the purposive organisation of biological species, because species are eternal for him. − 2. When Aristotle is describing the production and propagation of an animal as goal‐directed, he does not exclude a causal explanation. He gives causal explanations at great length in De generatione animalium: Against widespread views it is not the future goal that controls the development as a retroactive cause. In animal blood a sort of genetic code is included, which is represented by impulses (which you can imagine as undulatory motions). By these genetic impulses the form of the parent will be transported to the semen (or the menstrual blood in the case of woman) and from the semen to the germ of the offspring. − 3. The biological use of the concept of purpose or goal is quite different from the use in physics and cosmology. In ignorance of the law of inertia Aristotle tries to explain the continuous movement in the world metaphysically, by assuming a tendency of the stars towards the immaterial god. Terminologically he strictly distinguishes this tendency from the ‚final cause’︁ in biology. − 4. In policy man aims at welfare and ‚good life’︁. In history Aristotle denies a goal‐directed progress.
Von Grenzen und Zielen der Alchemie
Authors: Schütt Hans‐Werner 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe paper aims at defining the „nucleus”︁ of alchemy as an inseparable combination of chemical and spiritual characteristics. The alchemical process always reflected teleological thinking as the alchemists believed that nature itself strives for perfection. The symbol of perfection was gold as gold — like the Gods or God — is not affected by time. Critics of the alchemists in the Middle Ages (p. e. Chaucer) did not criticize the notion of an inherent teleology in nature, but they mistrusted the ability of the alchemists to succeed in their teleological strategy. To prove this it has often been pointed to the fact that no alchemist really obtained the lapis philosophorum: in other words the art of alchemy seems to have been completely unsuccessful. On the other hand, alchemy has had a long history which suggests that alchemy may not have been as unsuccessful as one might suspect. There might well have been a personal „reward”︁ for the individual alchemist, who worked in the laboratory, but this reward was a psychological, not a material one. Striving to perfect matter the alchemist subconsciously perfected his own soul. It should be added that the epistemological aims of the alchemists were totally different from those of the modern chemists.
Teleologie und Evolutionslehre
Authors: Mann Gunter 
Published: September 2012

AbstractLe darwinisme favorisa le développement de la pensée mécanistique. Son interprétation de l'utilité déterminée par des variations, le hasard et la sélection enleva souvent tout fondement à la pensée vitaliste. Il semble que par la suite, une téléologie théiste n'était plus défendable. Pourtant, vers la fin du 19ème siècle, les principes du darwinisme furent souvent critiqués. Les principes de la création (le facteur de perfection, l'entéléchie, l'élan vital, la dominante etc.) ou les principes biomécaniques de l'organisme engendrèrent des positions contraires et des possibilités d'interprétations décisives. Plusieurs savants comme Driesch, Bergson, Pauly et bien d'autres (leur tendance: le néovitalisme, le néolamarckisme, le psycholamarckisme, la biomécanique, etc.) s'évertuèrent à donner une explication définitive de l'utilité, sans pouvoir autant mettre fin à la disparité des différentes tendances.
Teleologische Ergebnisse der harmonikalen Forschung
Authors: Haase Rudolf 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe Hamionical Fundamental Research leads to teleological results in a twofold respect. On one side, both historically and methodically, it ties up with Johannes Kepler's proof of harmonical laws in the orbits of the planets, in which respect the research also extends it's formulation of the question to other sciences. Becoming evident, the present findings, that is, the occurance of interval proportions, appear predominately in end results of developments, not however in the origin of facts. They are related to forms, shapes, and entireties which cannot be explained analytically and behave more complementary to a causal type of approach.On the other side with respect to teleological consequences, an area of the Harmonical Research leads to another very special aspect. It deals with the investigation (begun about thirty years ago) of the psychophysical effectiveness of the human hearing; in this investigation it was made clear that important fundamental elements of music are traceable to the corresponding dispositions of hearing. For example, there are the following elements: the difference between consonances and dissonances, the preference of simple numerical proportions in the construction of an interval, the twelve numerals of music, especially the occidental, progressed teleologically in an unconscious manner, namely with the goal of pleasing the inclinations of hearing aesthetically as much as possible.