bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects-based marine ecological risk assessment at a polychlorinated biphenyl-contaminated site in Saglek, Labrador, Canada
Authors: Brown Tanya M. , Kuzyk Zou Zou A. , Stow Jason P. , Burgess Neil M. , Solomon Steve M. , Sheldon Tom A. , Reimer Ken J. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Although the presence and distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Arctic marine environments has been well documented, the implications for the health of biota are poorly understood. In the present study, multiple lines of evidence, including site-specific effects data, were used to assess PCB-related risks to marine biota at a contaminated military site in Saglek Bay, Labrador, Canada, from 1997 to 1999. Risks were evaluated for three components of the ecosystem: benthic invertebrates, a bottom-feeding fish (shorthorn sculpin, Myoxocephalus scorpius), and a diving seabird (black guillemot, Cepphus grylle). Average sediment PCB concentrations exceeded the Canadian interim sediment quality guideline level by 41-fold. However, sediment toxicity testing and a benthic community survey showed no evidence of adverse effects. In contrast, shorthorn sculpin and black guillemot PCB exposures (measured as sum of 55 congeners) were elevated enough to pose risks to survival or reproduction. Based on the collective evidence, the authors estimated that risks were posed by sediment PCB concentrations greater than 77 ng/g dry weight for black guillemots and 750 ng/g dry weight for shorthorn sculpins. The present study, along with two parallel studies, provided information to support the management decisions concerning potential remedial action on the contaminated sediments. This ecological risk assessment describes the steps and rationale taken to evaluate the risk posed by an area of PCB-contaminated marine sediments in an otherwise relatively pristine northern coastal environment. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:453–467. © 2012 SETAC
Trends in psychotropic drug prescribing in Norwegian nursing homes from 1997 to 2009: a comparison of six cohorts
Authors: Ruths Sabine , Sørensen Pernille Hegre , Kirkevold Øyvind , Husebø Bettina S. , Krüger Kjell , Halvorsen Kjell H , Selbæk Geir 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundPsychotropic drugs are extensively prescribed for the treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms, despite modest efficacy and severe side effects.AimsWe examined trends in psychotropic drug prescribing in Norwegian nursing homes from 1997 to 2009, in order to gain insight in practice development.MethodsThe study is a secondary data analysis of six cross‐sectional nursing home studies conducted between 1997 and 2009. Patients aged >65 years were included. We compared the prevalence of psychotropic drugs (antipsychotics, anxiolytics, hypnotics, and antidepressants). Associations between prescription of psychotropics, and patients' age, gender, type of ward, and year of data collection were examined by univariate analysis and logistic regression.ResultsAltogether, 7 661 patients (mean age 85.2 years, 72.6% women) were included. Prevalence of all psychotropic drugs combined increased from 57.6% to 70.5%, anxiolytics from 14.9% to 21.9%, hypnotics from 14.5% to 22.9%, and antidepressants from 31.5% to 50.9%. Prevalence of antipsychotics varied between extremes 21.1% and 25.6%. Less prescribing of older drugs was exceeded by an increase in newer drug types. Concomitant prescribing of two or more psychotropic drugs increased from 21% to 33%. Predictors of psychotropic drugs were female gender (except antipsychotics), as well as age <80 years, and residency in special care units (except hypnotics).ConclusionsPrescribing of psychotropic drugs in nursing homes has increased considerably, especially regarding antidepressants. Explanations for this trend need to be further explored. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Osteogenesis and expression of the bone marrow niche in endothelial cell‐depleted HipOPs
Authors: McKenzie Kristen P. , Mayer Dana C. , Aubin Jane E. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe identification and purification of murine multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been difficult due to their low frequency, the presence of contaminating cell types and lack of unambiguous markers. Using a magnetic micro‐beads negative selection technique to remove hematopoietic cells from mouse bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), our lab recently isolated a highly purified osteoprogenitor (HipOP) population that was also enriched for other mesenchymal precursors, including MSCs [Itoh and Aubin, 2009]. We now report that HipOPs are also highly enriched in vascular endothelial cells (VECs), which we hypothesized were an accessory cell type regulating osteogenesis. However, when VECs were immunodepleted from HipOPs with anti‐CD31 antibodies, the resulting CD31(−) HipOP population had equal osteogenic capacity to the HipOPs in vitro and in vivo. Analysis of gene expression of Ncad, Pth1r, Ang1, Cxcl12, Jag1, Pdgfr‐β, α‐sma, Desmin, and Ng2 suggested that both HipOPs and CD31(−) HipOPs are hemopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche populations. However, the data support the view that osteoblast differentiation and depletion of VECs modulate the HSC niche. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1066–1073, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Alterations in replication timing of cancer‐related genes in malignant human breast cancer cells
Authors: Fritz Andrew , Sinha Seema , Marella Narasimharao , Berezney Ronald 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe replication timing of nine genes commonly involved in cancer was investigated in the MCF10 cell lines for human breast cancer progression. Six of these nine genes are part of a constellation of tumor suppressor genes that play a major role in familial human breast cancer (TP53, ATM, PTEN, CHK2, BRCA1, and BRCA2). Three other genes are involved in a large number of human cancers including breast as either tumor suppressors (RB1 and RAD51) or as an oncogene (cMYC). Five of these nine genes (TP53, RAD51, ATM, PTEN, and cMYC) show significant differences (P < 0.05) in replication timing between MCF10A normal human breast cells and the corresponding malignant MCF10CA1a cells. These differences are specific to the malignant state of the MCF10CA1a cells since there were no significant differences in the replication timing of these genes between normal MCF10A cells and the non‐malignant cancer MCF10AT1 cells. Microarray analysis further demonstrated that three of these five genes (TP53, RAD51, and cMYC) showed significant changes in gene expression (≥2‐fold) between normal and malignant cells. Our findings demonstrate an alteration in the replication timing of a small subset of cancer‐related genes in malignant breast cancer cells. These alterations partially correlate with the major transcriptional changes characteristic of the malignant state in these cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1074–1083, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CREB‐mediated Bcl‐2 expression contributes to RCAN1 protection from hydrogen peroxide‐induced neuronal death
Authors: Kim Seon Sook , Jang Shin Ah , Seo Su Ryeon 
Published: November 2012

AbstractRegulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) is located on the Down syndrome critical region (DSCR) locus in human chromosome 21. In this study, we investigated the functional role of RCAN1 in the reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐mediated neuronal death signaling. We found that RCAN1 was able to protect the cells from H2O2‐induced cytotoxicity. The expression of RCAN1 caused an inhibition of the H2O2‐induced activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and AP‐1. In contrast, RCAN1 significantly enhanced the activity of cAMP response element‐binding protein (CREB). Furthermore, RCAN1 induced the expression of the CREB target gene, Bcl‐2. Consistently, knockdown of endogenous RCAN1 using shRNA down regulated the phosphorylation of CREB and the expression of Bcl‐2, which protects the cells from H2O2‐induced cytotoxicity. Our data provide a new mechanism for the cytoprotective function of RCAN1 in response to oxidant‐induced apoptosis. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1115–1123, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New insights into the role of Runx1 in epithelial stem cell biology and pathology
Authors: Scheitz Cornelia Johanna Franziska , Tumbar Tudorita 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe transcription factor Runx1 has been studied in leukemia and blood for decades, but recently it has been also implicated in epithelial biology and pathology. Particularly in mouse skin Runx1 modulates Wnt signaling levels thereby regulating timely induction of hair follicle specification, proper maturation of the emerging adult hair follicle stem cells in embryogenesis, and timely stem cell (SC) activation during adult homeostasis. Moreover, Runx1 acts as a tumor promoter in mouse skin squamous tumor formation and maintenance, likely by repressing p21 and promoting Stat3 activation. Similarly, Runx1 is essential for oral epithelium tumorigenesis mediated in mice by Ras, and for growth of three kinds of human epithelial cancer cells. In contrast, Runx1 has a tumor suppressor function in the mouse intestine and shows tumor subtype specific behavior in human breast cancer. Multiple studies revealed Runx1 SNPs to be associated with human cancers and autoimmune disease. With this information as background, the field is poised for functional and mechanistic studies to elucidate the role of Runx1 in formation and/or progression of epithelial‐based human disease. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 985–993, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The current state of bone loss research: Data from spaceflight and microgravity simulators
Authors: Nagaraja Mamta Patel , Risin Diana 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBone loss is a well documented phenomenon occurring in humans both in short‐ and in long‐term spaceflights. This phenomenon can be also reproduced on the ground in human and animals and also modeled in cell‐based analogs. Since space flights are infrequent and expensive to study the biomedical effects of microgravity on the human body, much of the known pathology of bone loss comes from experimental studies. The most commonly used in vitro simulators of microgravity are clinostats while in vivo simulators include the bed rest studies in humans and hindlimb unloading experiments in animals. Despite the numerous reports that have documented bone loss in wide ranges in multiple crew members, the pathology remains a key concern and development of effective countermeasures is still a major task. Thus far, the offered modalities have not shown much success in preventing or alleviating bone loss in astronauts and cosmonauts. The objective of this review is to capture the most recent research on bone loss from spaceflights, bed rest and hindlimb unloading, and in vitro studies utilizing cellular models in clinostats. Additionally, this review offers projections on where the research has to focus to ensure the most rapid development of effective countermeasures. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1001–1008, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Issues relating to selective reporting when including non‐randomized studies in systematic reviews on the effects of healthcare interventions
Authors: Norris Susan L , Moher David , Reeves Barnaby C , Shea Beverley , Loke Yoon , Garner Sarah , Anderson Laurie , Tugwell Peter , Wells George 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundSelective outcome and analysis reporting (SOR and SAR) occur when only a subset of outcomes measured and analyzed in a study is fully reported, and are an important source of potential bias.Key methodological issuesWe describe what is known about the prevalence and effects of SOR and SAR in both randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non‐randomized studies (NRS), and the effects of SOR and SAR on summary effect estimates and conclusions in systematic reviews of the effectiveness of healthcare interventions.GuidanceReview authors should always suspect SOR and SAR in reviews that include NRS, assess primary studies for the risk of bias, and make reasonable attempts to retrieve study protocols or other documentation developed before study recruitment began. There are clues that may suggest SOR or SAR in NRS, including differences between the methods and results sections of the publication, study funder, and differences between study protocol or registration information and the study report.ConclusionExisting evidence about reporting biases in primary studies comes almost exclusively from methodological reviews of RCTs. The prevalence and impact of SOR and SAR in NRS are likely even greater than in RCTs but it is difficult to identify and confirm selective reporting in NRS. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychographics: Static or Dynamic?
Authors: Park Jeong‐Yeol , Jang SooCheong (Shawn) 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTPlog has suggested that psychographics are determinants of travel patterns and preferences. However, given that satisfaction is an important factor determining revisit intention, this study questioned Plog's static model of psychographics. We proposed that allocentrics could have high revisit intentions if they are satisfied. Thus, this study attempted to verify whether Plog's psychographics are static or dynamic. Revisit intentions were compared among psychographics at different satisfaction levels, and the results showed that the revisit intention of allocentrics did not differ from psychocentrics when satisfied. The results provide evidence that psychographic segmentation may not be static, especially when satisfaction is considered. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vernetzt geplant — Synthesedesign ohne Chemiker?
Authors: Wegner Hermann A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractEine effiziente Syntheseroute zu einem Molekül zu planen, stellt höchste Anforderungen an das Wissen und die Erfahrung des Chemikers. Chemische Netzwerke sind ein Hilfsmittel für diese Aufgabe.
Strukturaufklärung mit NMR in der Synthesechemie
Authors: Kuhn Stefan , Schlörer Nils E. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDie weiterentwickelte Software nmrshiftdb2 bietet frei zugänglich Daten und Werkzeuge für die Zuordnung und Struktursuche von und mit NMR‐Spektren. Außerdem gibt es ein Modul zur elektronischen Laboradministration für universitäre NMR‐Abteilungen.
Tonscherben im Elektronenmikroskop
Authors: Preisinger Anton , Aslanian Selma , Wernisch Johann 
Published: November 2012

AbstractEigneten sich die prähistorischen Tongefäße, die Archäologen in der Nähe einer Steinsalzlagerstätte fanden, tatsächlich zur Herstellung von Salzkristallen aus Sole? Wichtige Hinweise liefert die Rasterelektronenmikroskopie mit Mikrosonde.
Elucidating the behavior of physical fatigue and mental fatigue in cancer patients: a review of the literature
Authors: de Raaf P. J. , de Klerk C. , van der Rijt C. C. D. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the multidimensional nature of cancer‐related fatigue is widely accepted, it could be questioned whether fatigue dimensions are expressions of one symptom (multidimensional concept) or expressions of several phenomena that are all called fatigue but actually are separate symptoms (multiple‐symptom concept).MethodsTherefore, we investigated in this review whether physical fatigue and mental fatigue behave differently in cancer patients by studying their intensity in different stages of cancer, their changes in intensity during anti‐tumor therapy, the variables to which they are related, and their changes in intensity by interventions on fatigue.ResultsIn some studies, physical fatigue and mental fatigue behaved similarly: they were both more intense in cancer patients than in healthy controls, and sometimes, they had the same course during anti‐tumor therapy, or both improved during an intervention. On the contrary, there were some studies suggesting that physical fatigue and mental fatigue behaved differently: physical fatigue seemed to be more prominent than mental fatigue in some stages of the disease trajectory; several studies reported changes in physical fatigue not accompanied by changes in mental fatigue during anti‐tumor therapy or by interventions aimed to relieve fatigue; and physical fatigue and mental fatigue had different correlates.ConclusionsIn conclusion, we found some studies in which physical fatigue and mental fatigue behaved differently. These findings might indicate that physical fatigue and mental fatigue are separate phenomena. To prove this multiple‐symptom concept, studies on the pathophysiological mechanisms leading either to physical fatigue or to mental fatigue are urgently needed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neuromuscular Stimulation of Quadriceps in Patients Hospitalised during an Exacerbation of COPD: A Comparison of Low (35 Hz) and High (50 Hz) Frequencies
Authors: Chaplin Emma Jane Louise , Houchen Linzy , Greening Neil J. , Harvey‐Dunstan Theresa , Morgan Michael D. , Steiner Michael C. , Singh Sally J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundNeuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has shown to improve skeletal muscle strength and exercise capacity in stable patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Variations in NMES protocols are considerable. We aimed to compare changes in muscle strength after high‐frequency and low‐frequency NMES in patients admitted to hospital with an acute exacerbation of COPD.MethodsPatients were referred for inpatient (IP) rehabilitation during hospitalisation for an acute worsening of their COPD. They received 30‐minute daily NMES to both quadriceps at a frequency of 35 or 50 Hz. NMES intensity was titrated to patients' tolerance. Isometric quadriceps muscle strength and endurance walking (ESWT) time were measured at baseline and on hospital discharge.ResultsA total of 10 patients in each treatment group underwent NMES during hospitalisation (mean [SD] age 68.0 [±7.4] years, FEV1 0.99 L [±0.58], FEV1/FVC 47% [± 27%], MRC 5 [IQR ±1]). There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between groups. Muscle strength (legs combined) increased in both groups regardless of the NMES frequency used (35 Hz ‐ 3.8 ± 4.9; 50 Hz ‐ 3.4 ± 5.5 kg). This was only significant within the 35 Hz group. The change in ESWT also showed a trend to increase in both groups (35 Hz ‐ 109 ± 92.7; 50 Hz ‐ 145.6 ± 94.7). There was no significant difference between groups for either outcome.ConclusionNMES is a feasible intervention to improve muscle strength in a cohort of patients admitted with an exacerbation of COPD. The response appears to be independent of the frequency used and both were well‐tolerated. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optical and scintillation properties of bulk ZnO crystal
Authors: Yanagida Takayuki , Fujimoto Yutaka , Yamanoi Kohei , Kano Masataka , Wakamiya Akira , Kurosawa Shunsuke , Sarukura Nobuhiko 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSingle crystal bulk ZnO scintillator grown by the hydrothermal method was tested on its scintillation performances. In X‐ray induced radio luminescence spectrum, it exhibited two intense emission peaks at 400 and 550 nm. The former was ascribed to the free and bound exciton related luminescence and the latter to oxygen vacancy related one, respectively. X‐ray induced scintillation decay time of the exciton related emission measured by the pulse X‐ray streak camera system resulted ∼ 4 ns. Finally, the light yield under 241Am 5.5 MeV α‐ray was examined and it resulted ∼ 500 ph/5.5 MeV‐α.(© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Current‐injected narrow linewidth emissions from organic‐crystal light‐emitting transistors having a diffraction grating
Authors: Okada Akinori , Makino Yoshitaka , Hotta Shu , Yamao Takeshi 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe have fabricated light‐emitting field‐effect transistors (LEFETs) using p‐type organic crystals directly grown onto a two‐dimensional polymer diffraction grating made of a triangular lattice of circular air holes. An n‐type organic thin film was inserted between the crystal and the metal electrode. Distinct current‐injected spectrally narrow linewidth emissions (NLEs) were observed under application of alternating‐current voltages to the gate contact. The NLE peaks were related to the combined refractive index of the p‐type crystal and the grating. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Anisotropy antireflection TiO2 nanoparticle films fabricated with directed cluster beam deposition
Authors: Mao Peng , Chen Jinhui , Zhou Yang , Liao Kaiming , Zhao Bo , Han Junhao , Wang Guanghou , Han Min 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAntireflection TiO2 nanoparticle film was fabricated on silica glass substrate by using directed cluster beam deposition method. Self‐shadowing becomes a dominant growth mechanism for nanoparticle deposition at sufﬁciently large incident angles, which results in extremely porous nanoparticle stacking and yields excellent control over the refractive index profile. Inclined columnar and porous microstructure was confirmed with SEM and AFM. The TiO2 nanoparticle films show ultra‐high transmittance, broadband and omnidirectional characters, which can be attributed to its porous structure and modulated refractive index. We also found that the film displays an angular selective optical transmittance. The highest antireflection enhancement of the light transmission can be obtained for light incidence along the nanoparticle columns. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The effective density of small ice particles obtained from in situ aircraft observations of mid‐latitude cirrus
Authors: Cotton R. J. , Field P. R. , Ulanowski Z. , Kaye P. H. , Hirst E. , Greenaway R. S. , Crawford I. , Crosier J. , Dorsey J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe effective ice‐particle density, parametrized through a mass–dimension relation, is widely used in ice microphysical schemes for weather and climate models. In this study, we use aircraft‐based observations in mid‐latitude cirrus taken during the Constrain field programme in 2010. The low temperatures and a humidity often close to ice saturation meant that the typical ice particles observed were small (maximum dimension 20–800 µm) and ice water contents were low (0.001–0.05 g m−3). Two new instruments are included in this study: the Small Ice Detector Mark‐2 (SID‐2) and the deep‐cone Nevzorov Total Water Content probe. SID‐2 is a new single‐particle light‐scattering instrument and was used to identify and size small ice particles (10–150 µm). The deep‐cone Nevzorov probe is shown to be able to collect small ice masses with sufficient sensitivity. The focus of this article is on the effective density of small ice particles (both pristine ice crystals and small aggregates up to 600 µm maximum dimension). Due to instrument limitations in previous studies, the effective density of small ice particles is questionable.Aircraft flights in six cirrus cases provided ice‐particle measurements throughout the depth of the cirrus. The particle size distribution (PSD) was mostly bimodal. The smaller ice‐crystal mode dominated the PSD near cloud top and the larger ice‐aggregate mode dominated near cloud base. A mass–dimension relation valid for both ice crystals and aggregates was found that provided a best fit to the observations. For small ice particles (less than 70 µm diameter) the density is constant (700 kg m−3), while for larger ice crystals or aggregates the mass–dimension relation is m(D) = 0.0257D2.0. These measurements allow testing of the diagnostic split between ice crystals and aggregates used in the Met Office Unified Model.