bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of N‐acetylcysteine on neural alcohol cue reactivity and craving in adolescents who drink heavily: A preliminary randomized clinical trial
Authors: Green ReJoyce , Kirkland Anna E. , Browning Brittney D. , Ferguson Pamela L. , Gray Kevin M. , Squeglia Lindsay M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol craving is related to problematic alcohol use; therefore, pharmacotherapies that modulate alcohol craving are of interest. N‐acetylcysteine, an over‐the‐counter antioxidant, is a candidate pharmacotherapy for adolescent alcohol use with the potential to impact craving. Cue‐reactivity paradigms using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can identify neural regions implicated in craving and serve as a screening tool for novel pharmacotherapy options.MethodsThis preliminary study examined the effect of N‐acetylcysteine on neural reactivity to alcohol cues and subjective craving among 31 non‐treatment‐seeking adolescents (17.6–19.9 years old, 55% female) who use alcohol heavily. In a randomized cross‐over design, participants completed three fMRI sessions: baseline and after a 10‐day course of N‐acetylcysteine (1200 mg twice daily) and matched placebo. The primary outcome was neural response to alcohol versus non‐alcohol beverage cues after N‐acetylcysteine versus placebo, with a secondary outcome of self‐reported subjective craving.ResultsIn the full sample (n = 31), there was no effect of N‐acetylcysteine versus placebo on neural alcohol reactivity (ps ≥ 0.49; s = 0.00–0.07) or self‐reported acute alcohol craving (p = 0.18,  = 0.06). However, N‐acetylcysteine did reduce self‐reported generalized alcohol craving (p = 0.03,  = 0.15). In a subsample of youth who met criteria for past‐year alcohol use disorder (n = 19), results remained unchanged.ConclusionsN‐acetylcysteine may not alter neural reactivity to alcohol cues or acute craving; however, it may reduce general subjective alcohol craving among adolescents who consume alcohol heavily.
Histological response of inflamed pulp to hydraulic calcium silicate cements in direct pulp capping: Systematic review of pulpitis models
Authors: Usta Sıla Nur , Keskin Cangül , Pirimoğlu Burcu , Aksoy Abdurrahman 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis systematic review aimed to compare the histological response of inflamed pulpodentinal complex to the hydraulic calcium silicate cements in experimental animal models of pulpitis. Articles that evaluated the histological response of inflamed pulp to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) in comparison with other restorative materials were selected and analysed in detail. The risk of bias assessment was conducted using SYRCLE's RoB tool. The GRADEpro tool was used to determine the overall quality of evidence. Out of the 2947 retrieved articles from databases, five articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. MTA induced significantly more hard tissue formation compared to calcium hydroxide. The use of pulp‐capping material containing fluocinolone acetonide and ASP/PLGA‐ASP/ACP/PLLA‐PLGA composite membrane was comparable. This systematic review could not demonstrate enhanced efficiency of capping materials compared to MTA. Future well‐conducted animal studies are warranted for demonstrating the hard tissue formation abilities of pulp‐capping materials with convenient inflammatory conditions.
Change in farmer expectations from information surprises in the corn market
Authors: Fiechter Chad , Kuethe Todd , Langemeier Michael , Mintert James 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFarmers make production decisions despite future output price uncertainty. As a result, farmers' expectation of future output price is an important determinant of investment and the supply of commodities. However, our understanding of the process by which farmers form their expectations is still limited. This study uses direct measures of farmers' financial condition expectations collected through the Purdue University–CME Group Ag Economy Barometer to measure the effect of surprise information on farmers' short‐ and long‐term expectations. The effect is identified using an event study framework previously used to examine the impact of market information on commodity futures markets. Using ordered logistic regressions and variation between professional and United States Department of Agriculture forecasts of corn ending stocks, we demonstrate that farmers' short‐term expectations of the financial condition of the broader agricultural economy is altered by surprise information. This study provides a novel step toward understanding the process by which farmers incorporate new information in their price expectations. For example, our findings suggest that farmers perceive short‐term corn market information surprises will affect the U.S. agricultural sector to a greater degree than their farm. Additionally, farmers do not perceive that short‐term corn market information surprises will carry long‐term implications.
Global prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in rural and urban populations. A systematic review with meta‐analysis. Musculoskeletal pain in rural and urban populations
Authors: Mesa‐Castrillon Carlos I. , Beckenkamp Paula R. , Ferreira Manuela , Simic Milena , Davis Phillip R. , Michell Antonio , Pappas Evangelos , Luscombe Georgina , Noronha Marcos De , Ferreira Paulo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionTo systematically compare the global prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and care‐seeking in rural and urban populations.MethodsA systematic review with meta‐analysis of observational studies reporting a direct comparison of rural and urban populations was conducted worldwide and included back, knee, hip, shoulder, neck pain and a broad diagnosis of ‘musculoskeletal pain’. A search strategy combining terms related to ‘prevalence’, ‘musculoskeletal pain’ and ‘rural’ was used on the following databases: MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, and rural and remote health from their inception to 1 June 2022. Random‐effects meta‐analysis was used to pool the data. Results were presented as odds ratios (OR) along with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).ResultsA total of 42 studies from 24 countries were included with a total population of 489 439 participants. The quality scores for the included studies, using the modified Newcastle Ottawa Scale tool, showed an average score of 0.78/1, which represents an overall good quality. The pooled analysis showed statistically greater odds of hip (OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.23–2.15), shoulder (OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.06–1.90) and overall musculoskeletal pain (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.08–1.47) in rural populations compared to urban populations. Although the odds of seeking treatment were higher in rural populations this relationship was not statistically significant (OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.55–1.03).ConclusionVery low‐certainty evidence suggests that musculoskeletal, hip and shoulder pain are more prevalent in rural than urban areas, although neck, back and knee pain, along with care‐seeking, showed no significant difference between these populations. Strategies aimed to reduce the burden of musculoskeletal pain should consider the specific needs and limited access to quality evidence‐based care for musculoskeletal pain of rural populations.
Can a human right to good mental health be justified?
Authors: Bielby Phil 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCan a human right to good mental health be justified? This is an under‐explored question: until recently, rights in relation to mental health have been framed and debated primarily in terms of their relevance to psychosocial disability and mental ill‐health/mental distress. By contrast, in this article, I propose the basis of a normative justification for a population‐wide right to good mental health, focusing in particular on individuals who do not experience mental ill‐health/distress or do not have (or may never have) a psychiatric diagnosis or a psychosocial disability. The article is structured into three parts. First, I will outline the emergence of a population‐wide right to good mental health in mental health discourse, led by recent reports published by the former United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Right to Health, Danius Pūras. I will then go on to explore what we might understand by ‘good mental health’. Finally, I will explain how a right to good mental health may be justified, drawing on insights from compassion, ‘vulnerable agency’, and James Wilson's account of ‘a right to public health’. I then respond to feasibility and demandingness concerns about such a right, which together inform the basis of the qualified public health right to good mental health I propose.
Shift in emergency department utilization by frequent attendees with sickle cell disease during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A multicentre cohort study
Authors: Rech J. S. , Cohen A. , Bartolucci P. , Santin A. , Chantalat Auger C. , Affo L. , Le Jeune S. , Arlet J. B. , Boëlle P. Y. , Steichen O. 
Published: July 2024

SummaryWhile the coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) might have increased acute episodes in people living with sickle cell disease (SCD), it may also have changed their reliance on emergency department (ED) services. We assessed the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic and lockdowns on ED visits in adult SCD people followed in five French reference centres, with a special focus on ‘high users’ (≥10 visits in 2019). We analysed the rate of ED visits from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2021, using a self‐controlled case series. Among 1530 people (17 829 ED visits), we observed a significant reduction in ED visits during and after lockdowns, but the effect vanished over time. Compared to pre‐pandemic, incidence rate ratios for ED visits were 0.59 [95% CI 0.52–0.67] for the first lockdown, 0.66 [95% CI 0.58–0.75] for the second and 0.85 [95% CI 0.73–0.99] for the third. High users (4% of people but 33.7% of visits) mainly drove the reductions after the first lockdown. COVID‐19 lockdowns were associated with reduced ED visits. While most people returned to their baseline utilization by April 2021, high users had a lasting decrease in ED visits. Understanding the factors driving the drop in ED utilization among high users might inform clinical practice and health policy.
Thromboprophylaxis during neoadjuvant chemotherapy for bladder cancer reduces thromboembolism and bleeding
Authors: Antonelli Luca , Wendel‐Garcia Pedro David , Deforth Manja , Afferi Luca , Leonardo Costantino , Esperto Francesco , Borghesi Marco , Antonelli Alessandro , Tully Karl , Umari Paolo , Albisinni Simone , Mari Andrea , Pichler Renate , Claps Francesco , Teoh Jeremy Yuen‐Chun , Roumiguié Mathieu , Schulz Gerald Bastian , Orecchia Luca , Soria Francesco , Roupret Morgan , Marcq Gautier , Poyet Cedric , Alrumayyan Majed , Rink Michael , Zamboni Stefania , Montes Maria Riaza , Okoye Steven , Campi Riccardo , Krajewski Wojciech , Mertens Laura , Culpan Meftun , Lavallée Luke T. , Moschini Marco , Held Ulrike , Fankhauser Christian Daniel ,   In collaboration with the EAU YAU urothelial carcinoma working group
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesTo assess the risk of venous thromboembolic events (VTEs) and bleeding with or without thromboprophylaxis during neoadjuvant chemotherapy in bladder cancer patients scheduled for radical cystectomy.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study in 4886 patients with non‐metastatic bladder cancer undergoing cystectomy across 28 centres in 13 countries between 1990 and 2021. Inverse probability weighting analyses were performed to estimate the effect of thromboprophylaxis on VTE and bleeding.ResultsIn 147 patients (3%) VTEs were recorded within the first year. These occurred a median (interquartile range [IQR]) of 127 (82–198) days after bladder cancer diagnosis. Bleeding events occurred in 131 patients (3%) within the first year. These occurred a median (IQR) of 101 (83–171) days after cancer diagnosis. In inverse probability weighting analyses, compared to patients without thromboprophylaxis during chemotherapy, patients with thromboprophylaxis had not only a lower risk of VTE (hazard ratio [HR] 0.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.12–0.81; P = 0.016) but also a lower bleeding risk (HR 0.03, 95% CI 0.09–0.12; P <0.0001). The retrospective nature of the study was its main limitation.ConclusionsIn this retrospective analysis, the benefit of thromboprophylaxis during neoadjuvant chemotherapy before cystectomy is in line with data from randomised trials in other malignancies. Our data suggest thromboprophylaxis is protective against VTEs and should be the standard of care during neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Woody encroachment: social–ecological impacts and sustainable management
Authors: Ding Jingyi , Eldridge David J. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTWoody plants are encroaching across terrestrial ecosystems globally, and this has dramatic effects on how these systems function and the livelihoods of producers who rely on the land to support livestock production. Consequently, the removal of woody plants is promoted widely in the belief that it will reinstate former grasslands or open savanna. Despite this popular management approach to encroachment, we still have a relatively poor understanding of the effects of removal on society, and of alternative management practices that could balance the competing needs of pastoral production, biodiversity conservation and cultural values. This information is essential for maintaining both ecological and societal benefits in encroached systems under predicted future climate changes. In this review, we provide a comprehensive synthesis of the social–ecological perspectives of woody encroachment based on recent studies and global meta‐analyses by assessing the ecological impacts of encroachment and its effects on sustainable development goals (SDGs) when woody plants are retained and when they are removed. We propose a working definition of woody encroachment based on species‐ and community‐level characteristics; such a definition is needed to evaluate accurately the effects of encroachment. We show that encroachment is a natural process of succession rather than a sign of degradation, with encroachment resulting in an overall 8% increase in ecosystem multifunctionality. Removing woody plants can increase herbaceous plant richness, biomass and cover, but at the expense of biocrust cover. The effectiveness of woody plant removal depends on plant identity, and where, when and how they are removed. Under current management practices, either removal or retention of woody plants can induce trade‐offs among ecosystem services, with no management practice maximising all SDGs [e.g. SDG2 (end hunger), SDG13 (climate change), SDG 15 (combat desertification)]. Given that encroachment of woody plants is likely to increase under future predicted hotter and drier climates, alternative management options such as carbon farming and ecotourism could be effective land uses for areas affected by encroachment.
Conventional and Novel Treatment Strategies for Porokeratoses: A Narrative Review
Authors: La Yumeng , Zhu Jie , Mueller Simon M. 
Published: July 2024

SummaryPorokeratoses are a heterogenous group of autoinflammatory keratinization disorders all characterized by the presence of a cornoid lamella. In addition to gene mutations affecting the mevalonate pathway, environmental factors such as UV radiation, immunosuppression, trauma, and infection are also thought to contribute to porokeratoses. To date, there are no management guidelines or levels of evidence for commonly used pharmacologic and non‐pharmacologic treatment options for porokeratoses. Conventional treatment strategies encompass topical and systemic drugs (e.g., salicylic acid, topical glucocorticoids, and retinoids), phototherapy, laser, and surgical interventions. Better insights into the pathogenesis of porokeratoses have paved the way for the development of novel therapeutic approaches, such as topical statins or the use of monoclonal antibodies. This narrative review aims to summarize both conventional and novel treatment options, including their level of evidence, advantages, and disadvantages.
Modalization and demodalization: On the phenomenology of negation
Authors: Banick Kyle 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNegation is widely thought to be uniquely captured by the usual extensional Boolean connective in the setting of classical logic. However, there has been recent interest in a modal approach to negation. This essay examines the problem of modal negation with an Husserlian phenomenological lens. I argue that the Husserlian approach to negation contains an ambiguity which points to a pluralism about negation. On this view, negation begins its life as a modal notion with nonclassical properties, and the question of classical negation is a question of its demodalization. I reconstruct a phenomenological legitimation of the demodalization, but I remain skeptical about its wider prospects. Nevertheless, the phenomenological‐modal approach to negation answers the skepticism about the very possibility of debates about negation and gives valuable insight into the fundamental nature of the problem. The argument should be of interest both to those who are specifically interested in Husserl's logic and the relationship of phenomenology to intuitionistic (and other nonclassical) logics, as well as to philosophers of logic more generally interested in obtaining different angles on the problem of negation from a systematic perspective.
Evaluation of early fluoropyrimidine toxicity in solid organ cancer patients: a retrospective observational study in Australia
Authors: White Cassandra , Kendall Guy , Millington Tegan , Corcoran Bern , Paul Christine , Scott Rodney J. , Ackland Stephen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundDespite common global usage, fluoropyrimidine (FP; 5‐flurouracil and capecitabine)‐related chemotherapy toxicity is poorly reported in the literature, with serious toxicity ranging from 10% to 40% and early toxicity (within 60 days of exposure) quoted at 14%. Data reflecting the incidence of Grades 3–5 FP‐related toxicity in Australian cancer patients is scant, despite the significant impact of toxicity on patients (hospitalisations, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and even death).AimsThis retrospective audit evaluated Grades 3–5 toxicities in a contemporaneous cohort of 500 patients receiving FP chemotherapies within the Hunter‐New England Local Health District from June 2020 to June 2022. Data were extracted from public hospital records and oncology‐specific e‐records to determine rates of toxicity and associated hospitalisations, intensive care admissions and deaths that occurred within 60 days of first exposure to FP chemotherapy‐containing regimens.ResultsOne hundred and fifty incidents of Grades 3–4 toxicity in the first 60 days led to 87 patients presenting to hospital (87/500, 17.4%). The most common serious toxicities were diarrhoea (39.3%), nausea and vomiting (22.7%) and febrile neutropaenia (10%). Four patients were admitted to the ICU, and four patients died of toxicity. Within the first 60 days, 22.2% of patients required treatment delays, 21.4% required dose reductions, and 7.8% of patients ceased treatment because of toxicities.Discussion and ConclusionOur experience reflects international reports and is likely generalisable to the Australian population. These data are a basis to understand the potential benefits of precision medicine strategies such as pharmacogenomic screening to improve patient tolerability and the cost‐effectiveness of FP chemotherapy prescribing.
Interleukin‐5 alleviates cardiac remodelling via the STAT3 pathway in angiotensin II‐infused mice
Authors: Shen Caijie , Wu Nan , Chen Xiaomin , Peng Jianye , Feng Mingjun , Wang Jian , Yu Yibo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInterleukin‐5 (IL‐5) has been reported to be involved in cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and cardiac injury. This study aimed to investigate the effects of IL‐5 on cardiac remodelling. Mice were infused with angiotensin II (Ang II), and the expression and source of cardiac IL‐5 were analysed. The results showed that cardiac IL‐5 expression was time‐ and dose‐dependently decreased after Ang II infusion, and was mainly derived from cardiac macrophages. Additionally, IL‐5‐knockout (IL‐5−/−) mice were used to observe the effects of IL‐5 knockout on Ang II‐induced cardiac remodelling. We found knockout of IL‐5 significantly increased the expression of cardiac hypertrophy markers, elevated myocardial cell cross‐sectional areas and worsened cardiac dysfunction in Ang II‐infused mice. IL‐5 deletion also promoted M2 macrophage differentiation and exacerbated cardiac fibrosis. Furthermore, the effects of IL‐5 deletion on cardiac remodelling was detected after the STAT3 pathway was inhibited by S31‐201. The effects of IL‐5 on cardiac remodelling and M2 macrophage differentiation were reversed by S31‐201. Finally, the effects of IL‐5 on macrophage differentiation and macrophage‐related cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis were analysed in vitro. IL‐5 knockout significantly increased the Ang II‐induced mRNA expression of cardiac hypertrophy markers in myocardial cells that were co‐cultured with macrophages, and this effect was reversed by S31‐201. Similar trends in the mRNA levels of fibrosis markers were observed when cardiac fibroblasts and macrophages were co‐cultured. In conclusions, IL‐5 deficiency promote the differentiation of M2 macrophages by activating the STAT3 pathway, thereby exacerbating cardiac remodelling in Ang II‐infused mice. IL‐5 may be a potential target for the clinical prevention of cardiac remodelling.
Tumour burden score combined with albumin‐to‐alkaline phosphatase ratio predicts prognosis in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Sheng , Liu Maoyun , Xiang Lei , Qiu Haizhou , Cheng Luo , Huang Zuotian , Wen Tao , Xie Wenyuan , Li Sipeng , Zhang Cheng , Wang Genshu , Li Hui , Li Dewei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTumour morphology (tumour burden score (TBS)) and liver function (albumin‐to‐alkaline phosphatase ratio (AAPR)) have been shown to correlate with outcomes in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). This study aimed to evaluate the combined predictive effect of TBS and AAPR on survival outcomes in ICC patients. We conducted a retrospective analysis using a multicentre database of ICC patients who underwent curative surgery from 2011 to 2018. The Kaplan–Meier method was employed to examine the relationship between a new index (combining TBS and AAPR) and long‐term outcomes. The predictive efficacy of this index was compared to other conventional indicators. A total of 560 patients were included in the study. Based on TBS and AAPR stratification, patients were classified into three groups. Kaplan–Meier curves demonstrated that 124 patients with low TBS and high AAPR had the best overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS), while 170 patients with high TBS and low AAPR had the worst outcomes (log‐rank p < 0.001). Multivariate analyses identified the combined index as an independent predictor of OS and RFS. Furthermore, the index showed superior accuracy in predicting OS and RFS compared to other conventional indicators. Collectively, this study demonstrated that the combination of liver function and tumour morphology provides a synergistic effect in evaluating the prognosis of ICC patients. The novel index combining TBS and AAPR effectively stratified postoperative survival outcomes in ICC patients undergoing curative resection.