bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fibroblast‐specific upregulation of Flightless I impairs wound healing
Authors: Turner Christopher T. , Waters James M. , Jackson Jessica E. , Arkell Ruth M. , Cowin Allison J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe cytoskeletal protein Flightless (Flii) is a negative regulator of wound healing. Upregulation of Flii is associated with impaired migration, proliferation and adhesion of both fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Importantly, Flii translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in response to wounding in fibroblasts but not keratinocytes. This cell‐specific nuclear translocation of Flii suggests that Flii may directly regulate gene expression in fibroblasts, providing one potential mechanism of action for Flii in the wound healing response. To determine whether the tissue‐specific upregulation of Flii in fibroblasts was important for the observed inhibitory effects of Flii on wound healing, an inducible fibroblast‐specific Flii overexpressing mouse model was generated. The inducible ROSA26 system allowed the overexpression of Flii in a temporal and tissue‐specific manner in response to tamoxifen treatment. Wound healing in the inducible mice was impaired, with wounds at day 7 postwounding significantly larger than those from non‐inducible controls. There was also reduced collagen maturation, increased myofibroblast infiltration and elevated inflammation. The impaired healing response was similar in magnitude to that observed in mice with non‐tissue‐specific upregulation of Flii suggesting that fibroblast‐derived Flii may have an important role in the wound healing response.
Antifibrotic effect of lysophosphatidic acid receptors LPA1 and LPA3 antagonist on experimental murine scleroderma induced by bleomycin
Authors: Ohashi Takenobu , Yamamoto Toshiyuki 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe study of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor has recently focused on its involvement in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc). We examined the inhibitory effects of the antagonist for the LPA receptor, a selective LPA1 and LPA3 antagonist (Ki16425), on dermal and lung fibrosis in a mouse model of SSc. Ki16425 was administered intra‐dermally after 6 h on the same sites as bleomycin injection. Histopathological examination showed that skin lesions were markedly attenuated by treatment with Ki16425 at doses of 1 and 10 mg/kg, along with reduced dermal thickness. Hydroxyproline contents in the Ki16425‐treated skin showed a decrease of 35% (1 mg/kg) and 45% (10 mg/kg) compared with those in the oil‐injected skin of the controls. The number of mast cells and phospho‐Smad2/3‐positive spindle cells of the Ki16425‐treated skin was significantly decreased compared with that in the controls. Additionally, RT‐PCR analysis showed that the mRNA levels of TGF‐β1, CTGF, MIP‐1α, IFN‐γ and collagen α1(I) were significantly decreased in both the 1‐mg/kg and 10‐mg/kg groups of the Ki16425‐treated mice compared with those in the controls. Furthermore, treatment with bleomycin and Ki16425 showed reduction in lung fibrosis, and the hydroxyproline contents in the lungs of the Ki16425‐treated mice showed a decrease of 25% (1 mg/kg) and 32% (10 mg/kg) compared with those in the lungs of the controls. Taken together, Ki16425 was found to improve dermal and lung fibrosis in a mouse model of bleomycin‐induced murine scleroderma. These results suggest that Ki16425 has the potential to be an effective new treatment for scleroderma.
Quantification of oxytocin residues in dairy milk from Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Jawaid Sana , Talpur Farah N. , Nizamani Shafique M. , Memon Nusrat Naeem , Khaskheli Abid A. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryIn this study, a total of 84 milk samples (60 nonbranded and 24 branded) were analysed for occurrence of oxytocin (OT) residues by ELISA. OT level was detected in the range of 39.29–456.55 pg mL−1 with mean value of 138.53 ng L−1. In branded milk samples, OT residues were minimal as compared to nonbranded milk samples. Nonbranded milk samples had higher prevalence of OT residues; 16.67% had OT level in the range of ≤500 ng L−1. The average daily intake of OT was found 0.087 μg day−1 per person. It was concluded that the OT concentration was relatively higher in samples obtained from dairy farm, dairy shop and milk man than that in ultra‐high temperature (UHT) and powder milk samples. In addition, there are no reports subjected to standardising a permissible OT level in dairy milk category, although OT is considered detrimental to both human and animal life.
Comparison of phenolic profiles and antioxidant potentials of the leaves and seeds of Thai holy and sweet basils
Authors: Shen Yixiao , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon , Lotrakul Pongtharin , Xu Zhimin 
Published: May 2015

SummaryEight phenolics rosmarinic, caftaric, caffeic, chicoric, p‐hydroxybenzoic, p‐coumaric, protocatechuic acid and rutin were identified in Thai holy/sweet basil leaves or seeds. The overall phenolics in THBL were two, three and twenty times higher than that in TSBL, THBS and TSBS, respectively. Oppositely, the TP content of TSBL was one and a half times higher than THBL which was followed by THBS and TSBS. The order of scavenging DPPH free radical activity from high to low was THBL, TSBL, THBS and TSBS and consistent with their overall phenolics. In a cholesterol oxidation model, THBL exhibited higher antioxidant activity with lower level of 7‐ketocholesterol (2.67 ± 0.31 μg/mL) than TSBL (4.49 ± 0.32), THBS (7.78 ± 1.25) or TSBS (13.10 ± 0.61). The results demonstrated that Thai holy basil has higher antioxidant capability than sweet basil and could be used as an effective bioactive ingredient to provide health‐promoting function in food.
Assessment of chemically characterised Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil and its major compounds as plant‐based preservative in food system based on their efficacy against food‐borne moulds and aflatoxin secretion and as antioxidant
Authors: Prakash Bhanu , Kedia Akash , Mishra Prashant K. , Dwivedy Abhishek K. , Dubey Nawal K. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThe study explores antifungal, anti‐aflatoxigenic and antioxidant efficacy of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil (ROEO) and its major compounds. In addition, the mode of action of ROEO and its practical efficacy as preservative have been assessed. GC‐MS analysis of ROEO identified 16 compounds; α‐pinene, 1,8‐cineole and camphor being the major compounds. The minimum concentration for inhibition of growth and aflatoxin B1 secretion against A. flavus (LHP‐6) was found to be 1.5, >5.0, 4.0 and 3.0 μL mL−1 and 1.25, >5.0, 3.5 and 3.0 μL mL−1 for ROEO, α‐pinene, 1,8‐cineole and camphor, respectively. The IC50 value through DPPH analysis and percentage inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation of ROEO were 0.042 μL mL−1 and 71.05%, respectively. The targeted site of antifungal action of ROEO was confirmed as plasma membrane through ergosterol measurement and TEM analysis. Moreover, ROEO significantly protected Piper nigrum fruits against mould infestation upto 6 months in in vivo trial.
Number and size of lupulin glands, glandular trichomes of hop (Humulus lupulus L.), play a key role in contents of bitter acids and polyphenols in hop cone
Authors: Patzak Josef , Krofta Karel , Henychová Alena , Nesvadba Vladimír 
Published: May 2015

SummaryHop (Humulus lupulus L.) inflorescence, commonly known as ‘hop cone’, is valuable for contents of bitter acids, essential oils and polyphenols, used in brewing industry and biomedical application. These compounds are predominantly formed in glandular trichomes, known as ‘lupulin glands’. In this study, we investigated chemical and morphological characteristics of lupulin glands by microscopy and HPLC analyses. Even though no significant correlations were found between lupulin glands and hop cones for contents of alpha and beta bitter acids, polyphenols, all ratios between individual metabolites (alpha/beta acids, X/alpha acids, X/DMX) were highly and significantly correlated. The average number of lupulin glands on bract/bracteole ranged from 115 to 713 with 28.5% of variability. Linear regression analyses confirmed that total volume of lupulin glands and total lupulin glands area on bract/bracteole surface highly correlated with contents of bitter acids and polyphenols in hop cone. Therefore, lupulin glands are unique and exclusive organs responsible for contents of bitter acids and polyphenols in hop cone.
Formulation of monodisperse oil‐in‐water emulsions loaded with ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol by microchannel emulsification: insights of production characteristics and stability
Authors: Khalid Nauman , Kobayashi Isao , Wang Zheng , Neves Marcos A. , Uemura Kunihiko , Nakajima Mitsutoshi , Nabetani Hiroshi 
Published: May 2015

SummaryNutritional deficiencies of ergocalciferol (VD2) and cholecalciferol (VD3) cause skeletal deformations. The primary aim of this study was to encapsulate VD2 and VD3 in food‐grade oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsions by using microchannel emulsification (MCE). Silicon asymmetric straight‐through microchannel (MC) array consisting of 10 313 channels, each having an 11 × 104 μm microslot connected to a 10 μm circular microholes. 1% (w/w) sodium cholate or Tween 20 in water was used as the continuous phase, while 0.5% (w/w) of each VD2 and VD3 in different oils served as the dispersed phase. Monodisperse O/W emulsions with Sauter mean diameters of 28 to 32 μm and relative span factor widths below 0.3 were formulated via an asymmetric straight‐through MC array under appropriate operating conditions. The monodisperse O/W emulsions stabilised with Tween 20 remained stable for >30 days with encapsulation efficiencies (EEs) of VD2 and VD3 of above 70% at 4 and 25 °C. In contrast, those stabilised with sodium cholate had stability of >30 days with their EEs of over 70% only at 25 °C.
Biogenic amines in wine: a review
Authors: Guo Yan‐Yun , Yang Yan‐Ping , Peng Qian , Han Ye 
Published: May 2015

SummaryBiogenic amines are formed from precursor amino acids, mainly by the microbial decarboxylation. The presence of these compounds plays a vital role in oenology because high amounts of them can lead to health problems. Thus, the origin, detection, and quantity of biogenic amines in wine are extremely important for winemaking. This study, focusing on the articles of latest 5 years, not only reviews the analytical methods used for the determination of biogenic amines but also describes the source of biogenic amines from the perspective of microbiological and oenological factors and summarises the strategies for the degradation of amines. The information presented in this review is important to alert about the inadequate quality of wine products, and efforts from the entire productive chain and the government are required to attain consumer safety.
Effect of the shape of rice starch granules on flour characteristics and gluten‐free bread quality
Authors: Kang Tae‐Young , Sohn Kee Hyuk , Yoon Mi‐Ra , Lee Jeom‐Sig , Ko Sanghoon 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThe effect of three different rice varieties with different starch shapes (Seolgaeng (SG), round starch structure; Samkwang (SK), polygonal starch structure and Boramchan (BRC), polygonal starch structure) on rice flour characteristics and gluten‐free bread baking quality was investigated. Rice flours were produced by dry milling and passed through a 200 mesh sieve. Electron microscopy revealed that the structure of SG grains, with round starch granules, possessed larger void spaces than SK and BRC, composed of polygonal starch granules. For this reason, SG grain had low grain hardness and consequently, it was milled to a fine flour with low damaged starch content. The thermo‐mechanical properties were determined by Mixolab, which revealed that SG was gelatinised rapidly and maintained high viscosity after gelatinisation. These characteristics gave SG flour the ability to build up bread structure without gluten. Specific volume and crumb hardness of gluten‐free rice breads made of SG, SK and BRC flours were 3.37, 3.11 and 2.12 mL g−1 and 2.61, 2.76 and 6.46 N, respectively. The SG flour with round starch structure is appropriate for making gluten‐free rice breads.
Autologous cellular vaccine overcomes cancer immunoediting in a mouse model of myeloma
Authors: Mazzocco Marta , Martini Matteo , Rosato Antonio , Stefani Elisabetta , Matucci Andrea , Dalla Santa Silvia , De Sanctis Francesco , Ugel Stefano , Sandri Sara , Ferrarini Giovanna , Cestari Tiziana , Ferrari Sergio , Zanovello Paola , Bronte Vincenzo , Sartoris Silvia 
Published: May 2015

SummaryIn the Sp6 mouse plasmacytoma model, a whole‐cell vaccination with Sp6 cells expressing de novo B7‐1 (Sp6/B7) induced anatomically localized and cytotoxic T cell (CTL) ‐mediated protection against wild‐type (WT) Sp6. Both WT Sp6 and Sp6/B7 showed down‐regulated expression of MHC H‐2 Ld. Increase of H‐2 Ld expression by cDNA transfection (Sp6/B7/Ld) raised tumour immune protection and shifted most CTL responses towards H‐2 Ld‐restricted antigenic epitopes. The tumour‐protective responses were not specific for the H‐2 Ld‐restricted immunodominant AH1 epitope of the gp70 common mouse tumour antigen, although WT Sp6 and transfectants were able to present it to specific T cells in vitro. Gp70 transcripts, absent in secondary lymphoid organs of naive mice, were detected in immunized mice as well as in splenocytes from naive mice incubated in vitro with supernatants of CTL‐lysed Sp6 cell cultures, containing damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). It has been shown that Toll‐like receptor triggering induces gp70 expression. Damage‐associated molecular patterns are released by CTL‐mediated killing of Sp6/B7‐Sp6/B7/Ld cells migrated to draining lymph nodes during immunization and may activate gp70 expression and presentation in most resident antigen‐presenting cells. The same could also apply for Mus musculus endogenous ecotropic murine leukaemia virus 1 particles present in Sp6‐cytosol, discharged by dying cells and superinfecting antigen‐presenting cells. The outcome of such a massive gp70 cross‐presentation would probably be tolerogenic for the high‐affinity AH1‐gp70‐specific CTL clones. In this scenario, autologous whole‐tumour‐cell vaccines rescue tumour‐specific immunoprotection by amplification of subdominant tumour antigen responses when those against the immune dominant antigens are lost.
BaCl2:Er3+—A High Efficient Upconversion Phosphor for Broadband Near‐Infrared Photoresponsive Devices
Authors: Chen Zhi , Jia Hong , Zhang Xiaowen , Liu Jianmin , Zeng Shengfeng , Li Yang , Ma Zhijun , Dong Guoping , Qiu Jianrong 
Published: May 2015

Utilization of photons with subband‐gap energy, mostly near‐infrared (NIR) photons, is highly desirable for photovoltaic cells; which can be achieved by adding an upconversion layer at the rear face of photovoltaic cells. Here, we study the upconversion luminescence properties of BaCl2:Er3+ phosphors and hexagonal NaYF4:Er3+ phosphors upon excitation of incoherent NIR sunlight with wavelength λ > 800 nm. Higher efficacious upconversion emissions of BaCl2:Er3+ phosphors have been observed in comparison with the well‐known hexagonal NaYF4:Er3+ phosphors. We demonstrate that the photocurrent response from the thin‐film‐hydrogenated amorphous silicon solar cell attached with the BaCl2:Er3+ phosphor is notably enhanced under irradiation of incoherent NIR sunlight with wavelength λ > 800 nm. This judicious design may be envisioned to shorten the distance for the remarkable improvement of the power conversion efficiency of the next‐generation photovoltaic cells and suggests a promising application for other NIR photoresponsive devices.
Creating a Protective Shell for Reactive MoSi2 Particles in High‐Temperature Ceramics
Authors: Carabat Alexandra L. , van der Zwaag Sybrand , Sloof Willem G. 
Published: May 2015

Alumina encapsulated molybdenum silicide (MoSi2) intermetallic particles were synthesized using a simple precipitation method followed by calcining at temperatures of 800°C–1000°C, to prevent the premature oxidation of MoSi2 at high temperatures. The shell composition and the influence of the calcining temperature on microcapsule integrity were investigated by means of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results demonstrate that the composition and the mechanical stability of the alumina shell can be tuned by the annealing temperature. After calcining at 800°C and 850°C the alumina shell remains intact. Calcining at higher temperature promotes the formation of mullite, which leads to cracking of the shell. However, when annealed at 1000°C for 24 h these cracks were filled with mullite and preserved the molybdenum silicide particles. Furthermore, the mechanical stability of the shell was improved by applying an intermediate calcining treatment at 450°C prior to the annealing process at 1000°C.
The role of human disturbance in island biogeography of arthropods and plants: an information theoretic approach
Authors: Nakamura Akihiro , Burwell Chris J. , Lambkin Christine L. , Katabuchi Masatoshi , McDougall Andrew , Raven Robert J. , Neldner V. John 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimRecent progress in island biogeography indicates that classical island biogeography alone cannot encapsulate the complex and dynamic nature of island biogeographical processes. Factors such as habitat complexity and connectivity, and in the face of the Anthropocene, human disturbance and invasive species, may influence insular communities. The relative importance of these factors, however, may differ among groups of biota. Here we employed an information theoretic approach to investigate factors likely to explain patterns in species richness and assemblage composition of five different groups of arthropods (ants, beetles, flies, spiders and cockroaches) and native and exotic plants within an insular community.LocationCapricornia Cays located at the southern end of Great Barrier Reef, eastern Australia.MethodsArthropods were sampled from 14 cays using pitfall and Malaise traps and hand collecting. Plants were comprehensively surveyed on each island. We used univariate and multivariate generalized linear models with a model averaging technique, to calculate summed Akaike weights which quantified the relative importance of predictor variables in explaining variation in species richness and assemblage composition.ResultsWe found that infestation of the invasive ant Pheidole megacephala was negatively correlated with the species richness of ants, beetles and flies. Unlike species richness, only the assemblage composition of ants was related to P. megacephala infestation. Assemblage composition of other arthropod groups and plants was related to various factors, including island size (native plants), native plant species richness (beetles, flies and spiders) and presence of human disturbances (exotic plants and cockroaches).Main conclusionsThe information theoretic approach proved useful in determining the relative likelihood of factors influencing both univariate and multivariate data of insular fauna and flora. The results demonstrated that human disturbance and proliferation of invasive species can override other biogeographical processes. The relative importance of these factors, however, varied depending on the taxonomic groups studied.
Extrapolating cetacean densities beyond surveyed regions: habitat‐based predictions in the circumtropical belt
Authors: Mannocci Laura , Monestiez Pascal , Spitz Jérôme , Ridoux Vincent 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimOur knowledge of cetacean distributions is impeded by large data‐gaps worldwide, particularly at tropical latitudes. This study aims to (1) find generic relationships between cetaceans and their habitats in a range of tropical waters, and (2) extrapolate cetacean densities in a circumtropical belt extending far beyond surveyed regions.LocationPelagic, circumtropical.MethodsAerial surveys were conducted over three regions in the tropical Atlantic (132,000 km2), Indian (1.4 million km2) and Pacific (1.4 million km2) oceans. Three cetacean guilds were studied (Delphininae, Globicephalinae and sperm and beaked whales). For each guild, a generalized additive model was fitted using sightings recorded in all three regions and 14 candidate environmental predictors. Cetacean densities were tentatively extrapolated over a circumtropical belt, excluding waters where environmental characteristics departed from those encountered in the surveyed regions.ResultsEach cetacean guild exhibited a relationship with the primary production and depth of the minimum dissolved oxygen concentration. Delphininae also showed a relationship with the dominant phytoplankton group. The prediction envelopes were primarily constrained by water temperature. Circumtropical extrapolations of Delphininae and Globicephalinae were contrasted between ocean basins, with high densities predicted in the equatorial waters of the three ocean basins. The predicted densities of sperm and beaked whales were lower and more uniform across the circumtropical belt than for the other two guilds.Main conclusionsOur modelling approach represents a good analytical solution to predicting cetacean population densities in poorly documented tropical waters. Future data collection should concentrate on areas where environmental characteristics were not encountered in our survey regions and where the predicted densities were the most uncertain. By highlighting cetacean hotspots far beyond waters under national jurisdiction, this study can provide guidance for the delimitation of Ecologically and Biologically Significant Marine Areas.
Optimal Drug Policy in Low‐Income Neighborhoods
Authors: CHANG SHENG‐WEN , COULSON N. EDWARD , WANG PING 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe control of drug activity currently favors supply‐side policies: drug suppliers in the United States face a higher arrest rate and longer sentences than demanders. We construct a simple model of drug activity with search and entry frictions in labor and drug markets. Our calibration analysis suggests a strong “dealer replacement effect.” As a result, given a variety of community objectives, it is beneficial to lower supplier arrests and raise the demand arrest rate from current values. A 10% shift from supply‐side to demand‐side arrests can reduce the population of potential drug dealers by 22–25,000 and raise aggregate local income by $380–$400 million, at 2002 prices.
Long‐Term Contracts, Irreversibility, and Uncertainty
Authors: ARVE MALIN 
Published: May 2015

AbstractLong‐term contracting implies contracting based on expected future demand. In this paper, I develop a multiperiod procurement model where, once the actual level of demand is realized, the irreversible initial provision level may be supplemented by additional provisions. This paper shows that, with the possibility of additional upward adjustments, the first‐period provision level will be lower than when no additional adjustments are possible. This reduction in first‐period provision level is higher under complete contracting than under incomplete contracting, and because of the reduction in information rents it yields a higher expected utility to the principal but lower total welfare.