bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concise Review: Understanding the Renal Progenitor Cell Niche In Vivo to Recapitulate Nephrogenesis In Vitro
Authors: Mari Chiara , Winyard Paul 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD), defined as progressive kidney damage and a reduction of the glomerular filtration rate, can progress to end-stage renal failure (CKD5), in which kidney function is completely lost. CKD5 requires dialysis or kidney transplantation, which is limited by the shortage of donor organs. The incidence of CKD5 is increasing annually in the Western world, stimulating an urgent need for new therapies to repair injured kidneys. Many efforts are directed toward regenerative medicine, in particular using stem cells to replace nephrons lost during progression to CKD5. In the present review, we provide an overview of the native nephrogenic niche, describing the complex signals that allow survival and maintenance of undifferentiated renal stem/progenitor cells and the stimuli that promote differentiation. Recapitulating in vitro what normally happens in vivo will be beneficial to guide amplification and direct differentiation of stem cells toward functional renal cells for nephron regeneration.

Significance
Kidneys perform a plethora of functions essential for life. When their main effector, the nephron, is irreversibly compromised, the only therapeutic choices available are artificial replacement (dialysis) or renal transplantation. Research focusing on alternative treatments includes the use of stem cells. These are immature cells with the potential to mature into renal cells, which could be used to regenerate the kidney. To achieve this aim, many problems must be overcome, such as where to take these cells from, how to obtain enough cells to deliver to patients, and, finally, how to mature stem cells into the cell types normally present in the kidney. In the present report, these questions are discussed. By knowing the factors directing the proliferation and differentiation of renal stem cells normally present in developing kidney, this knowledge can applied to other types of stem cells in the laboratory and use them in the clinic as therapy for the kidney.
Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells From Hypertensive Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Advance Hypertension Pharmacogenomics
Authors: Biel Nikolett M. , Santostefano Katherine E. , DiVita Bayli B. , El Rouby Nihal , Carrasquilla Santiago D. , Simmons Chelsey , Nakanishi Mahito , Cooper-DeHoff Rhonda M. , Johnson Julie A. , Terada Naohiro 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

Studies in hypertension (HTN) pharmacogenomics seek to identify genetic sources of variable antihypertensive drug response. Genetic association studies have detected single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that link to drug responses; however, to understand mechanisms underlying how genetic traits alter drug responses, a biological interface is needed. Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide a potential source for studying otherwise inaccessible tissues that may be important to antihypertensive drug response. The present study established multiple iPSC lines from an HTN pharmacogenomics cohort. We demonstrated that established HTN iPSCs can robustly and reproducibly differentiate into functional vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), a cell type most relevant to vasculature tone control. Moreover, a sensitive traction force microscopy assay demonstrated that iPSC-derived VSMCs show a quantitative contractile response on physiological stimulus of endothelin-1. Furthermore, the inflammatory chemokine tumor necrosis factor α induced a typical VSMC response in iPSC-derived VSMCs. These studies pave the way for a large research initiative to decode biological significance of identified SNPs in hypertension pharmacogenomics.

Significance
Treatment of hypertension remains suboptimal, and a pharmacogenomics approach seeks to identify genetic biomarkers that could be used to guide treatment decisions; however, it is important to understand the biological underpinnings of genetic associations. Mouse models do not accurately recapitulate individual patient responses based on their genetics, and hypertension-relevant cells are difficult to obtain from patients. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology provides a great interface to bring patient cells with their genomic data into the laboratory and to study hypertensive responses. As an initial step, the present study established an iPSC bank from patients with primary hypertension and demonstrated an effective and reproducible method of generating functional vascular smooth muscle cells.
Influences of source conditions on mountain wave penetration into the stratosphere and mesosphere
Authors: Kaifler Bernd , Kaifler Natalie , Ehard Benedikt , Dörnbrack Andreas , Rapp Markus , Fritts David C. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe present atmospheric gravity wave (GW) measurements obtained by a Rayleigh/Raman lidar at Lauder, New Zealand, (45°S, 170°E) during and after the Deep Propagating Gravity Wave Experiment campaign. GW activity and characteristics are derived from 557 h of high‐resolution lidar data recorded between June and November 2014 in an altitude range between 28 and 76 km. In this period, strong GW activity occurred in sporadic intervals lasting a few days. Enhanced stratospheric GW potential energy density is detected during periods with high tropospheric wind speeds perpendicular to New Zealand's Southern Alps. These enhancements are associated with the occurrence of quasi‐stationary GW (mountain waves). Surprisingly, the largest response in the mesosphere is observed for conditions with low to moderate lower tropospheric wind speeds (2–12 m/s). On the other hand, large‐amplitude mountain waves excited by strong tropospheric forcings often do not reach mesospheric altitudes, either due to wave breaking and dissipation in the stratosphere or refraction away from New Zealand.
The Canary Basin contribution to the seasonal cycle of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation at 26°N
Authors: Pérez‐Hernández M. D. , McCarthy G. D. , Vélez‐Belchí P. , Smeed D. A. , Fraile‐Nuez E. , Hernández‐Guerra A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis study examines the seasonal cycle of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and its eastern boundary contributions. The cycle has a magnitude of 6 Sv, as measured by the RAPID/MOCHA/WBTS project array at 26°N, which is driven largely by the eastern boundary. The eastern boundary variations are explored in the context of the regional circulation around the Canary Islands. There is a 3 month lag between maximum wind forcing and the largest eastern boundary transports, which is explained in terms of a model for Rossby wave generated at the eastern boundary. Two dynamic processes take place through the Lanzarote Passage (LP) in fall: the recirculation of the Canary Current and the northward flow of the Intermediate Poleward Undercurrent. In contrast, during the remaining seasons the transport through the LP is southward due to the Canary Upwelling Current. These processes are linked to the seasonal cycle of the AMOC.
Southern Ocean eddy phenomenology
Authors: Frenger I. , Münnich M. , Gruber N. , Knutti R. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMesoscale eddies are ubiquitous features in the Southern Ocean, yet their phenomenology is not well quantified. To tackle this task, we use satellite observations of sea level anomalies and sea surface temperature (SST) as well as in situ temperature and salinity measurements from profiling floats. Over the period 1997–2010, we identified over a million mesoscale eddy instances and were able to track about 105 of them over 1 month or more. The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), the boundary current systems, and the regions where they interact are hot spots of eddy presence, representing also the birth places and graveyards of most eddies. These hot spots contrast strongly to areas shallower than about 2000 m, where mesoscale eddies are essentially absent, likely due to topographical steering. Anticyclones tend to dominate the southern subtropical gyres, and cyclones the northern flank of the ACC. Major causes of regional polarity dominance are larger formation numbers and lifespans, with a contribution of differential propagation pathways of long‐lived eddies. Areas of dominance of one polarity are generally congruent with the same polarity being longer‐lived, bigger, of larger amplitude, and more intense. Eddies extend down to at least 2000 m. In the ACC, eddies show near surface temperature and salinity maxima, whereas eddies in the subtropical areas generally have deeper anomaly maxima, presumably inherited from their origin in the boundary currents. The temperature and salinity signatures of the average eddy suggest that their tracer anomalies are a result of both trapping in the eddy core and stirring.
Global C‐Band Envisat, RADARSAT‐2 and Sentinel‐1 SAR measurements in copolarization and cross‐polarization
Authors: Mouche A. , Chapron B. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractUsing colocated ASCAT and ECMWF winds, a careful global analysis of ENVISAT and Sentinel‐1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) measurements helps to refine, at medium resolution (tens of kilometers) and especially for HH configuration, a C‐band geophysical model function (GMF, i.e., C‐SARMOD) to analyze wind sensitivity for different incidence and azimuth angles. Results unify major findings from previous global and case studies for polarization ratio (PR, VV/HH), polarization difference (PD, VV‐HH), and cross‐polarization (CP). At lower level than standard two‐scale predictions, PR increases with increasing incidence angle and decreases with increasing wind speed. PR further exhibits a strong azimuthal modulation, with maximum values in downwind configurations. The PD azimuth modulation is found more pronounced for VV than HH (VV being larger than HH), reaching maximum values for wind speed about 10 m/s. CP signals decrease with incidence angle but increase with wind speed, especially beyond 10 m/s, with no evidence of saturation. Remarkably, this also applies to HH crosswind measurements. This comparable high wind sensitivity for both CP and HH crosswind signals, with a clear departure from PD ones, can be related to the onset of vigorous breaking events, large enough to impact in‐plane and out‐of‐plane local tilts. Considering that VV polarization best maximizes the polarized resonant contribution, combined CP and VV wide swath SAR observations can thus have the potential to efficiently map and contrast local directional aspects.
Synthetische kovalente und nichtkovalente zweidimensionale Materialien
Authors: Boott Charlotte E. , Nazemi Ali , Manners Ian 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDie Herstellung synthetischer zweidimensionaler (2D‐)Materialien ist eine faszinierende, aber schwierige Aufgabe, angetrieben durch Anwendungsmöglichkeiten in der Elektronik, Biomedizin, Katalyse und Sensorik sowie in Form von Membranen für die Trennung und Filtration. Unser Aufsatz beleuchtet aktuelle Fortschritte auf diesem breiten Gebiet, mit Schwerpunkten auf kovalenten und nichtkovalenten 2D‐Polymeren und Gerüsten sowie auf selbstorganisierten 2D‐Materialien aus Nanopartikeln, Homopolymeren und Blockcopolymeren.
Branch‐Selective Alkene Hydroarylation by Cooperative Destabilization: Iridium‐Catalyzed ortho‐Alkylation of Acetanilides
Authors: Crisenza Giacomo E. M. , Sokolova Olga O. , Bower John F. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAn iridium(I) catalyst system, modified with the wide‐bite‐angle and electron‐deficient bisphosphine dFppb (1,4‐bis(di(pentafluorophenyl)phosphino)butane) promotes highly branch‐selective hydroarylation reactions between diverse acetanilides and aryl‐ or alkyl‐substituted alkenes. This provides direct and ortho‐selective access to synthetically challenging anilines, and addresses long‐standing issues associated with related Friedel–Crafts alkylations.
Remote Multiproton Storage within a Pyrrolide‐Pincer‐Type Ligand
Authors: Nadif Soufiane S. , O'Reilly Matthew E. , Ghiviriga Ion , Abboud Khalil A. , Veige Adam S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA chemically non‐innocent pyrrole‐based trianionic (ONO)3− pincer ligand within [(pyr‐ONO)TiCl(thf)2] (2) can access the dianionic [(3H‐pyr‐ONO)TiCl2(thf)] (1‐THF) and monoanionic [(3H,4H‐pyr‐ONO)TiCl2(OEt2)][B{3,5‐(CF3)2C6H3}4] (3‐Et2O) states through remote protonation of the pyrrole γ‐C π‐bonds. The homoleptic [(3H‐pyr‐ONO)2Zr] (4) was synthesized and characterized by X‐ray diffraction and NMR spectroscopy in solution. The protonation of 4 by [H(OEt2)2][B{C6H3(CF3)2}4] yields [(3H,4H‐pyr‐ONO)(3H‐pyr‐ONO)Zr][B{3,5‐(CF3)2C6H3}4] (5), thus demonstrating the storage of three protons.
Solid‐State Chemistry on the Nanoscale: Ion Transport through Interstitial Sites or Vacancies?
Authors: Bothe Cornelia , Kornowski Andreas , Tornatzky Hans , Schmidtke Christian , Lange Holger , Maultzsch Janina , Weller Horst 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHow can ion‐exchange process occur in nanocrystals without the size and shape changing and why is the ion transport much faster than in classical interdiffusion processes in macrocrystalline solids? We have investigated these processes at the molecular level by means of high‐resolution and analytical electron microscopy in temperature‐dependent kinetic experiments for several model reactions. The results clearly show a diffusion process that proceeds exclusively through the interstitial lattice positions with a subsequent “kick out” to remove individual ions from lattice sites without the formation of vacancies. This mechanism has not been observed in nanocrystalline systems before.
Scope and Mechanisms of Frustrated Lewis Pair Catalyzed Hydrogenation Reactions of Electron‐Deficient CC Double Bonds
Authors: Morozova Varvara , Mayer Peter , Berionni Guillaume 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSeveral phosphonium and ammonium triarylborohydrides, which are intermediates in hydrogenation reactions catalyzed by frustrated Lewis pairs, were synthesized in high yield under mild conditions from triaryl boranes, ammonium or phosphonium halides, and triethylsilane. The kinetics and mechanisms of the reactions of these hydridoborate salts with benzhydrylium ions, iminium ions, quinone methides, and Michael acceptors were investigated, and their nucleophilicity was determined and compared with that of other hydride donors.
Multistimuli‐Responsive Luminescence Switching of Pyrazine Derivative Based Donor–Acceptor–Donor Luminophores
Authors: Qin Zhenwen , Wang Yue , Lu Xuefeng , Chen Yijing , Peng Juan , Zhou Gang 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThree symmetrical donor–acceptor–donor (D–A–D) luminophores (C1, C2, and C3) with pyrazine derivatives as electron‐withdrawing groups have been developed for multistimuli‐responsive luminescence switching. For comparison, reference compounds R1 and R2 without the pyrazine moiety have also been synthesized. Intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) interactions can be found for all D–A–D luminophores owing to the electron‐withdrawing properties of the two imine nitrogen atoms in the pyrazine ring and the electron‐donating properties of the other two amine nitrogen atoms in the two triphenylamine units. Moreover, luminophores C1, C2, and C3 exhibit “on–off–on” luminescence switching properties in mixtures of water/tetrahydrofuran with increasing water content, which is different from the “on–off” switching for typical aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) materials and “off–on” switching for traditional aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) materials. Additionally, upon grinding the pristine samples, luminophores C1, C2, and C3 display bathochromically shifted photoluminescence maxima that can be recovered by either solvent fuming or thermal annealing treatments. The piezofluorochromic (PFC) properties are more pronounced than those for reference compounds R1 and R2, which indicates that D–A molecules have the ability to amplify the PFC effect by tuning the ICT interactions upon tiny structural changes under pressure. Furthermore, the target luminophores demonstrate acid‐responsive photoluminescence spectra that can be recovered in either basic or ambient environments. These results suggest that D–A complexes are potential candidates for multistimuli‐responsive luminescence switching because their ICT profiles can be facilely tuned with tiny external stimuli.
Petroleum refinery greenhouse gas emission variations related to higher ethanol blends at different gasoline octane rating and pool volume levels
Authors: Kwasniewski Vincent , Blieszner John , Nelson Richard 
Published: October 2015

AbstractRefinery GHG emissions were predicted for 10% and 30% ethanol blends at refinery blendstock octanes between 77 and 89 AKI at any gasoline pool energy content between parity and constant gasoline pool volume. Linear programming analyzed how separate E30 blending scenarios of 2017 PADD 2‐based refineries affect greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions relative to status quo gasoline (i.e., E10, 87 AKI and 93 AKI premium). The compliance synergy of higher ethanol blends illustrated here is pertinent to national policy goals and multiple environmental objectives. Study results have implications for CAFE Standards, US EPA Tier 3 fuel standards, and Clean Air Act regulations of stationary source CO2 emissions from refinery operations. Results varied by amounts and types of crude oil processed, refinery operations, refinery gasoline blendstock produced (and fuel ethanol blended), and produced refinery product composition and properties. Significant differences exist in total refinery GHG emissions (including emissions from purchased electricity and hydrogen) with the largest differences from coke burn in the fluidized catalytic cracker and refinery fuel gas combustion principally related to reformer operations. The concept of refinery GHG emissions intensity was introduced to differentiate between differences in refinery throughput (an extensive factor) and severity of refinery operations (intensive factors). Refinery GHG emissions decline 12% to 27% from a 2017 base case for the various 30% ethanol cases, highlighting a significant gap in current life cycle analysis (LCA) and supporting incorporation of this improved approach into LCA related to higher ethanol blends. This methodology can be adapted to other PADDs and/or for the USA. ©2015 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts, Biorefining published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phosphonium alkyl PEG sulfate ionic liquids as coating materials for activation of Burkholderia cepacia lipase
Authors: Matsubara Yui , Kadotani Shiho , Nishihara Takashi , Hikino Yoshichika , Fukaya Yukinobu , Nokami Toshiki , Itoh Toshiyuki 
Published: October 2015

AbstractLipases are among the most widely used enzymes applicable for various substrates; however, the slow reactions or poor enantioselective reactions are sometimes obtained. To develop ionic liquid type activating agents for lipase, four types of phosphonium cetyl(PEG)10 sulfate ionic liquids have been synthesized and used as coating materials of Burkholderia cepacia lipase (Lipase PS) through the lyophilization process. Tributyl ([2‐methoxy]ethoxymethyl)phosphonium cetyl(PEG)10 sulfate ([P444MEM][C16(PEG)10SO4]) (PL1) worked best among them, and PL1‐coated lipase PS displayed high reactivity in transesterification of broad types of secondary alcohols using vinyl acetate as an acylating reagent with perfect enantioselectivity (E > 200). The substrate preference of PL1‐PS differs from that of commercial lipase PS or [bdmim] [C16(PEG)10SO4]‐coated lipase (IL1‐PS); PL1‐PS displayed excellent enantioselectivity in the reaction of 2‐chloro‐1‐phenylethanol with E > 200, though insufficient E values were recorded for lipase PS (E = 12) and IL1‐PS (E = 123) for this alcohol. PL1‐PS also showed perfect enantioselectivity (E > 200) for the reaction of 1‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)ethanol, while IL1‐PS showed E = 130 for this compound. We further succeeded in demonstrating the recyclable use of PL1‐PS five times in tributyl(3‐methoxypropyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide ([P444PM][Tf2N]) as a solvent. Since PL1‐PS is easily applicable to 10–20 gram‐scaled reactions, it is expected that the IL‐coated enzyme might be useful for practical preparation of a wide variety of chiral secondary alcohols.
Cost–benefit analysis of an enhanced recovery protocol for pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Joliat G -R , Labgaa I , Petermann D , Hübner M , Griesser A -C , Demartines N , Schäfer M 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

Background
Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programmes have been shown to decrease complications and hospital stay. The cost-effectiveness of such programmes has been demonstrated for colorectal surgery. This study aimed to assess the economic outcomes of a standard ERAS programme for pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Methods
ERAS for pancreaticoduodenectomy was implemented in October 2012. All consecutive patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy until October 2014 were recorded. This group was compared in terms of costs with a cohort of consecutive patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy between January 2010 and October 2012, before ERAS implementation. Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative real costs were collected for each patient via the hospital administration. A bootstrap independent t test was used for comparison. ERAS-specific costs were integrated into the model.

Results
The groups were well matched in terms of demographic and surgical details. The overall complication rate was 68 per cent (50 of 74 patients) and 82 per cent (71 of 87 patients) in the ERAS and pre-ERAS groups respectively (P = 0·046). Median hospital stay was lower in the ERAS group (15 versus 19 days; P = 0·029). ERAS-specific costs were €922 per patient. Mean total costs were €56 083 per patient in the ERAS group and €63 821 per patient in the pre-ERAS group (P = 0·273). The mean intensive care unit (ICU) and intermediate care costs were €9139 and €13 793 per patient for the ERAS and pre-ERAS groups respectively (P = 0·151).

Conclusion
ERAS implementation for pancreaticoduodenectomy did not increase the costs in this cohort. Savings were noted in anaesthesia/operating room, medication and laboratory costs. Fewer patients in the ERAS group required an ICU stay.
A context‐aware mobile system for work‐based learning
Authors: Zhang Bingxue , Yin Chuantao , David Bertrand , Chalon René , Xiong Zhang 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we propose the design, implementation, and evaluation methods and results of a context‐aware mobile system for work‐based learning, named WoBaLearn. The main contribution is we proposed four conceptual design bases which can be applied in developing different work‐based learning environment. With WoBaLearn, professionals can easily access personalized, adaptive and just‐in‐time learning supports through their mobile devices in real working environment. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 24:263–276, 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21704
Photocontrolled Exposure of Pro‐apoptotic Peptide Sequences in LOV Proteins Modulates Bcl‐2 Family Interactions
Authors: Mart Robert J. , Meah Dilruba , Allemann Rudolf. K. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractLOV domains act as biomolecular sensors for light, oxygen or the environment's redox potential. Conformational changes upon the formation of a covalent cysteinyl flavin adduct are propagated through hydrogen‐bonding networks in the core of designed hybrid phototropin LOV2 domains that incorporate the Bcl homology region 3 (BH3) of the key pro‐apoptotic protein BH3‐interacting‐domain death agonist (BID). The resulting change in conformation of a flanking amphiphilic α‐helix creates a light‐dependent optogenetic tool for the modulation of interactions with the anti‐apoptotic B‐cell leukaemia‐2 (Bcl‐2) family member Bcl‐xL.