bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digitalization of Healthcare in LMICs: Digital Health and the Digital Divide Based on Technological Availability and Development
Authors: Biga Ruzica , Nottebaum Sven , Kozlakidis Zisis , Psomiadis Symeon 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDigitization in healthcare has been an ongoing trend for several decades, strengthened by the acute needs presented by current health areas such as the COVID-19 pandemic, non-communicable diseases, and the mental health crisis. While in many cases technological development has been a conduit for reducing healthcare inequalities, in others it has had the opposite effect. One of the reasons for the suboptimal impact of technology has been the digital divide, in other words the lack of technological availability and development. This chapter is a scoping review that identifies the key factors in recent scientific literature that relate to the root causes of the digital divide. Key aspects such as connectivity, digital literacy and accessibility have been firmly mentioned through most of the identified publications. Also, through the scoping review recommendations were identified. This chapter has highlighted the diverse factors affecting the digitization of healthcare in relation to the digital divide, as well as the potential actions that can mitigate this divide based on digital technology availability and development.
Proliferation, Ingestion, and Interpretation of Health Data in Low-and Middle-Income Countries (LMICS)
Authors: Nanyonga Sandra , Medina Plebeian B. , Kozlakidis Zisis , Garcia Debra Leiolani , Ivanova Desislava , Katsaounis Panagiotis 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTechnology will continue to impact the delivery of healthcare across the world. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) digitization has the potential to improve current healthcare provision. To date many digital initiatives have been designed addressing healthcare challenges in LMICs, with the eventual aims of improving both access to and quality of healthcare. For those digital initiatives that have managed to move beyond the initial phase of piloting and experimentation, the next steps involve effective scaling, diffusion and integration within healthcare systems. Examples of such digital initiatives include mobile phone applications, feeding into national-level health information systems for infectious diseases surveillance. Other examples include centralized healthcare data information capacities, including the preparation towards supporting national genome projects. Inevitably, the focus regarding these initiatives has been shifting towards scalability and de-escalation, integration within healthcare ecosystems, and long-term sustainability. This chapter considers the aspects of proliferation, ingestion and interpretation of digital health data in LMICs with many specific examples, showcasing the plurality of the approaches that have been implemented in the field so far.
The Digital Divide Based on Development and Availability: The Polish Perspective
Authors: Agnieszka Matera-Witkiewicz , Błażej Marciniak , Mikołaj Błaziak , Szymon Urban , Ligia Kornowska , Robert Zymliński , Agnieszka Siennicka 
Published: August 2024

AbstractContemporary Poland has achieved great strides in the process of digitization of healthcare with some impressive implementations in recent years. However, despite the marked process, the situation regarding broadly understood digitization, innovation in medicine, development of approaches and solutions based on Artificial Intelligence remains imperfect. Having said that, there are dynamic institutions that have registered both clinical and scientific achievements based on digitisation and whose mission, in part, is to influence decision-makers so that the development of modern technologies encounters as few obstacles as possible. Current challenges are the result of the Polish healthcare system structure, which was problematic even without the context of innovation and digitalization. Consequently, this is reflected in the approach to medical education as well as in the attitude of healthcare professionals towards solutions which are considered new and unknown. This chapter summarises the challenges specific to Poland and healthcare digitisation, and highlights the progress that has been achieved thus far.
Integral Representations and Zeros of the Lommel Function and the Hypergeometric $$_1F_2$$ Function
Authors: Zullo Federico 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe give different integral representations of the Lommel function $$s_{\mu ,\nu }(z)$$

s

μ
,
ν

(
z
)

involving trigonometric and hypergeometric $$_2F_1$$

2

F
1

functions. By using classical results of Pólya, we give the distribution of the zeros of $$s_{\mu ,\nu }(z)$$

s

μ
,
ν

(
z
)

for certain regions in the plane $$(\mu ,\nu )$$

(
μ
,
ν
)

. Further, thanks to a well known relation between the functions $$s_{\mu ,\nu }(z)$$

s

μ
,
ν

(
z
)

and the hypergeometric $$ _1F_2$$

1

F
2

function, we describe the distribution of the zeros of $$_1F_2$$

1

F
2

for specific values of its parameters.
Hölder continuity and Harnack estimate for non-homogeneous parabolic equations
Authors: Arya Vedansh , Julin Vesa 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this paper we continue the study on intrinsic Harnack inequality for non-homogeneous parabolic equations in non-divergence form initiated by the first author in Arya (Calc Var Partial Differ Equ 61:30–31, 2022). We establish a forward-in-time intrinsic Harnack inequality, which in particular implies the Hölder continuity of the solutions. We also provide a Harnack type estimate on global scale which quantifies the strong minimum principle. In the time-independent setting, this together with Arya (2022) provides an alternative proof of the generalized Harnack inequality proven by the second author in Julin (Arch Ration Mech Anal 216:673–702, 2015).
Die Rolle des Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes im Gesundheitswesen nach der Pandemie
Authors: Kießling Andrea 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag stellt zunächst die Entwicklung des Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes (ÖGD) in Deutschland dar und erläutert seine aktuelle Rolle bzw. Aufgaben. Die ÖGD-Gesetze der 16 Bundesländer stammen zum großen Teil noch aus den 1990er Jahren und wurden während der Pandemie nur punktuell geändert. In den letzten Jahrzehnten haben sich die Schwerpunkte des ÖGD in der Praxis weiterentwickelt, ohne dass dies in den Gesetzen in ausreichender Weise nachvollzogen wurde. Dies wird anhand der Beteiligung des ÖGD an der regulären Gesundheitsversorgung sowie am kommunalen Hitzeschutz erläutert. In diesen Bereichen bedarf es der gesetzlichen Steuerung: Die ÖGD-Gesetze müssen sowohl weiterentwickelt als mit anderen gesundheitsrechtlichen sowie klimarechtlichen Gesetzen verzahnt werden.
Healthcare Compliance – Korruption und Kooperation
Authors: Lindemann Michael 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungMit der Implementierung der §§299a, 299b StGB ist der schmale Grat zwischen Kooperation und Korruption im Gesundheitswesen auch in den Fokus der Strafverfolgungsbehörden und -gerichte gerückt. Obschon einschlägige Verfahren nach wie vor eher selten sind, erzeugt die Abgrenzungsfrage doch erheblichen Beratungs- und Abstimmungsbedarf. Aus der Perspektive der Healthcare Compliance gilt es, bei der Gestaltung von Kooperationsbeziehungen das medizinisch und wirtschaftlich Sinnvolle zu ermöglichen, aber durch vorausschauendes Indizienmanagement auch allfälligen Vorwürfen einer korruptiven Einflussnahme vorzubeugen. Der Beitrag vermisst das aufgezeigte Spannungsfeld und wendet sich dabei insbesondere auch dem Problem der Messbarkeit von Compliance-Erfolgen zu.
Natural interviewing equilibria in matching settings
Authors: Borodin Allan , Drummond Joanna , Larson Kate , Lev Omer 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA common assumption in matching markets is that both sides fully know their preferences. However, when there are many participants this may be neither realistic nor feasible. Instead, agents may have some partial (perhaps stochastic) information about alternatives and will invest time and resources to better understand the inherent benefits and tradeoffs of different choices. Using the framework of matching medical residents with hospital programs, we study strategic behaviour by residents in a setting where hospitals maintain a publicly known master list of residents (i.e., all hospitals have an identical ranking of all the residents, for example, based on grades) and residents have to decide with which hospitals to interview, before submitting their preferences to the matching mechanism. We first show the existence of pure strategy equilibrium under very general conditions. We then study the setting when residents’ preferences are drawn from a known Mallows distribution. We prove that assortative equilibrium (k top residents interview with k top hospitals, etc.) arises only when residents interview with a small number of programs. Surprisingly, such equilibria (or even weaker notions of assortative interviewing) do not exist when residents can interview with many hospital programs, even when residents’ preferences are very similar. Simulations on possible outcome equilibrium indicate that some residents will pursue a reach/safety strategy.
A novel software for method comparison: MCS (method comparison software)—assessing agreement between estimated fetal weights calculated by Hadlock I–V formulas and birth weight
Authors: Yaşar Şeyma , Arslan Ahmet Kadir , Polat Büşra Berfin , Melekoğlu Rauf , Çolak Cemil , Yoloğlu Saim 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The evaluation of the performance of new methods, expected to provide cheaper and faster results than existing (reference) methods in the health field, is based on comparing the results obtained with this new method to those obtained with the existing method. The primary aim of this study is to examine the correlational and absolute agreement between measurement methods in clinical studies using Bland–Altman analysis and methodological (Ordinary Least Squares, Weighted Ordinary Least Squares, Deming, Weighted Deming, Passing–Bablok, Theil-Sen, and Passing–Bablok for Large Data Sets.) methods, and the secondary aim is to compare the accuracy and precision of Hadlock (I–V) formulas used for fetal weight estimation.

Materials and methods
The study was conducted on singleton pregnancies examined in the Prenatal Diagnosis and Treatment Unit of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Inonu University Faculty of Medicine and who gave birth in the Obstetrics Unit between 01.01.2020 and 01.09.2023, whose gestational ages were confirmed by first-trimester ultrasonography. Estimated fetal weights were calculated using Hadlock (I–V) formulas, and the agreement of these weights with birth weight was evaluated with Bland–Altman method.

Results
The comparison of estimated fetal weights calculated using Hadlock formulas with birth weight was analyzed using Bland–Altman analysis, ICC, and CCC values along with regression analyses. According to the mean difference values obtained by Bland–Altman analysis, the estimated fetal birth weights obtained by the Hadlock IV formula were most consistent with the actual birth weights.

Conclusions
The estimated fetal weights obtained using the Hadlock IV formula resulted in the closest measurements to the birth weight. This study showcases the efficacy of a new web-based software, Method Comparison Software (MCS), which can be utilized for evaluating the agreement between different methods in clinical measurements.
Vascular density normative data of radial peripapillary capillary plexus in healthy Caucasian subjects
Authors: Serra Rita , Pinna Antonio , Angius Andrea , Rallo Vincenzo , Marongiu Michele , Launer Lenore , Gorospe Myriam , Schlessinger David , Coscas Florence , Fiorillo Edoardo , Cucca Francesco 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To establish a normative database for vascular density (VD) of radial peripapillary capillary plexus (RPC) in healthy Caucasian subjects.

Methods
633 healthy Caucasian subjects underwent a complete ophthalmological examination, including slit-lamp biomicroscopy, best corrected visual acuity measurement with Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study charts, intraocular pressure measurement, fundus examination, and macular and optic nerve head (ONH) structural optical coherence tomography (OCT). En-face 4.5 × 4.5 mm OCT angiography scans of the RPC plexus were recorded and VD values, automatically provided by the AngioAnalytics™ software, noted. We statistically estimated the impact of age and gender on RPC VD values using a linear mixed model.

Results
560 subjects fully met inclusion criteria and, according to age, were stratified into 5 groups: 18–50 years (77), 51–60 years (160), 61–70 years (110), 71–80 years (132), and ≥ 81 years (81). Overall, mean RPC VD of the whole en-face image was 53.03 ± 4.27%. Age was significantly related to RPC VD values of whole en-face image (r = -0.454; p < 0.0001), which decreased with aging. The linear mixed model disclosed that age has a statistically significant effect on RPC VD values in whole en-face image (p = 0.0006). As age increases, RPC VD values decrease by 0.12 per year. Conversely, no significant gender-related differences were found in terms of RPC VD values of whole en-face image and each parapapillary quadrant analyzing all age group.

Conclusions
Results show that RPC VD values in healthy Caucasian subjects decrease with aging. These data may be used to create a reference normative database useful for clinical use.

Key messages

What is known

Radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) plexus, consisting of long parallel capillaries with rare bifurcations and anastomosis and extending straight along the course of the retinal nerve fiber layer to the posterior pole, may be affected early in some optic nerve head (ONH) and retinal diseases.

What is new

This study reports RPC vascular density (VD) values, automatically measured on optical coherence tomography angiography, in healthy Caucasian subjects, demonstrating that age is negatively related to RPC VD values.

Results show that RPC VD values in healthy Caucasian subjects decrease with aging. These data may be used to create a reference normative database useful for clinical use.
The Structure of Metrizable Graphs
Authors: Chudnovsky Maria , Cizma Daniel , Linial Nati 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA consistent path system in a graph G is an intersection-closed collection of paths, with exactly one path between any two vertices in G. We call Gmetrizable if every consistent path system in it is the system of geodesic paths defined by assigning some positive lengths to its edges. We show that metrizable graphs are, in essence, subdivisions of a small family of basic graphs with additional compliant edges. In particular, we show that every metrizable graph with 11 vertices or more is outerplanar plus one vertex.
Extreme ATM skew in a local volatility model with discontinuity: joint density approach
Authors: Gairat Alexander , Shcherbakov Vadim 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper concerns a local volatility model in which the volatility takes two possible values, and the specific value depends on whether the underlying price is above or below a given threshold. The model is known, and a number of results have been obtained for it. In particular, option pricing formulas and a power-law behaviour of the implied volatility skew have been established in the case when the threshold is taken at the money. In this paper, we derive an alternative representation of option pricing formulas. In addition, we obtain an approximation of option prices by the corresponding Black–Scholes prices. Using this approximation streamlines obtaining the aforementioned behaviour of the skew. Our approach is based on the natural relationship of the model with skew Brownian motion and consists of the systematic use of the joint distribution of this stochastic process and some of its functionals.
Active implementation of low disease activity state as a treatment endpoint in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus in routine practice is both feasible and associated with better outcomes
Authors: Gotch Ruby , Ahmed Yumna , Wilson Robert , Hawkins Ellie , Ciurtin Coziana 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Treat-to-target (T2T) strategies aim to facilitate tight disease control to improve outcomes. No previous studies evaluated prospectively the feasibility and impact of the T2T strategy in routine practice in childhood-onset SLE (cSLE).

Methods
Adolescents and young adults (AYA) with cSLE were recruited for T2T implementation from a large tertiary centre over a period of 6 months and followed up at least twice over a prospective period of 12 months.

Results
During Oct 2022–April 2023, 135/162 (83.3%) AYA with cSLE had disease scores evaluated at their routine appointment to enable inclusion in the study, and 122/135 (91.2%) had their disease assessed, and a suitable treatment target agreed and documented at each routine clinical appointment over the 12 months prospective follow-up. T2T strategy led to improved disease control at 12 months: more AYA with cSLE achieved clinical remission off steroids (4.1% vs. 10.7%, P = 0.048), or minimum childhood-lupus low disease activity (cLLDAS) (81.9% vs. 91.8%, P = 0.022). Achieving minimum cLLDAS for longer than 3 months was associated with reduced damage accrual (HR = 1.7; 95%CI = 1.1–2.5; P < 0.0001) at 12 months.

Conclusion
T2T strategy implementation was achievable and associated with improved cSLE control. Spending at least 3/12 months in cLLDAS led to less damage accumulation.

Key Points

• This is the first large prospective study in AYA with cSLE to evaluate the impact of active T2T implementation in routine practice.• T2T strategies were feasible to implement in 122/135 (91.2%) AYA with cSLE in routine practice.• The T2T approach was associated with improved disease control and decreased damage accrual at 12 months.
Balance of power in a conflict model
Authors: Tsuchiya Ryota 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study provides a microeconomic foundation for the bipolar stability hypothesis in international politics. It extends the well-designed conflict model of Esteban and Ray (Am Econ Rev 101(4):1345–1374, 2011) to include monetary compensation arrangements between the winning and losing groups, presenting a new conflict-related indicator called the balance of power index. The main finding of this study is that societal polarization serves to alleviate rather than exacerbate conflict intensity, which is elucidated by the balance of power index. This new characteristic of polarization is associated with the founding of the bipolar stability hypothesis by Waltz (J Int Affairs 21(2):215–231, 1967), Waltz (Theory of international politics. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Reading, 1979) under the economic behavioral model.
Towards discovering erratic behavior in robotic process automation with statistical process control
Authors: Průcha Petr 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCompanies that frequently use robotic process automation often encounter difficulties in maintaining their RPA portfolio. To address these problems and reduce time spent investigating erratic behavior of RPA bots, developers can benefit from exploring methods from process sciences and applying them to RPA. After a selection process, we examine how variability and deviations impact robotic process automation. Indicators of statistical dispersion are chosen to assess variability and analyze RPA bot behavior. We evaluate the performance of RPA bots on 12 processes, using statistical dispersion as a measure. The results provide evidence that variability is an undesirable form of erratic behavior in RPA, as it strongly correlates with the success rate of the bots. Importantly, the results also show that outliers do not affect the success rate of RPA bots. This research suggests that variable analysis can help describe the behavior of RPA bots and assist developers in addressing erratic behavior. Additionally, by detecting variability, we can more effectively handle exceptions in RPA.
Detection of reproductive interference between closely related Salvia species with small-scale separated distributions by multifaceted pollination and molecular analyses
Authors: Nishida Sachiko , Takano Atsuko , Suyama Yoshihisa , Kakishima Satoshi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractReproductive interference, an interspecific interaction in reproductive process that exerts an adverse effect, has gained attention as a contributing factor in promoting exclusive distributions between closely related species. However, detailed studies on the possibility of reproductive interference between native plants are still lacking, presumably because strong reproductive interference can rapidly realize exclusive distributions, leaving the two species apparently independent. Salvia japonica and S. lutescens are found in separate localities at a small scale, although their distributions overlap at a large scale. We investigated the possibility of reproductive interference between them through field surveys, hand-pollination experiments, evaluation of hybrid fertility, cpDNA and nrDNA genotyping, and genome-wide DNA analysis. The field survey results did not reveal apparent negative interaction in competition for pollinator services. Mixed pollination with conspecific pollen and counterpart pollen reduced seed set in S. japonica, and hybrid progeny produced by mixed pollination were less than 20% as fertile compared to the pure species. The DNA genotyping results suggested the possibility of hybridization where their distributions overlap, and the genome-wide DNA analysis results showed clear genetic differentiation between the two species as well as the existence of hybrids. These results suggest that bi-directional reproductive interference between S. japonica and S. lutescens may have led to their present separated distributions at a small scale.
Food for thought: the enhanced recall of metaphorical food sentences independent of hunger
Authors: Audrin Catherine , Coppin Géraldine 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMetaphorical sentences are assumed to be related to more costly processes than their literal counterparts. However, given their frequent use in our daily lives, metaphorical sentences “must come with a benefit” (Noveck et al. Metaphor Symb 16:109–121. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926488.2001.9678889, 2001). In this paper, we investigated whether metaphorical sentences were better remembered than their literal counterparts. In addition, we were interested in assessing whether the relevance of the metaphors impacted this recall. Anchoring this hypothesis in the appraisal theory, we hypothesized that food-related metaphorical sentences may be particularly relevant when one is hungry, and consequently, be better remembered in that particular physiological state. Participants were presented with randomized metaphorical sentences and their literal counterparts and were later asked to remember the missing word in both metaphorical and literal sentences. General mixed model analyses revealed that metaphorical sentences were better remembered. However, there was no significant effect of hunger. We discuss these results in relation to (1) the metaphor literature and (2) the appraisal theory of emotion.