bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing venous thromboembolism prophylactic strategies for ambulatory multiple myeloma patients on immunomodulatory drug therapy
Authors: Dede Ruth J , Pruemer Jane M 
Published: January 2015

Purpose Patients with multiple myeloma have an increased incidence of venous thromboembolism. The risk for venous thromboembolism further increases when these patients are placed on immunomodulatory drug therapy. This study aims to determine the incidence of venous thromboembolism in patients with multiple myeloma receiving immunomodulatory drug therapy in the ambulatory setting at UC Health and to investigate adherence with guidelines developed by The National Comprehensive Cancer Network for venous thromboembolism prevention in this patient population. Methods A retrospective chart review of patients with multiple myeloma initiated on immunomodulatory drug therapy between January 2000 and January 2014 was conducted. Results Sixty-two cases met inclusion criteria and were included for analysis. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines were followed in 33.9% of cases. The rate of venous thromboembolism was 4.8% in guideline adherent cases and 12.2% in guideline nonadherent cases (p = 0.65). The overall incidence of venous thromboembolism was 9.7%. No patients on a low-molecular-weight-heparin agent or warfarin developed a venous thromboembolism, 7.9% patients on aspirin therapy developed a venous thromboembolism, and 23.1% patients on no pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis developed a venous thromboembolism (p = 0.26). Conclusion Ambulatory patients with multiple myeloma who are considered for immunomodulatory drug therapy should be placed on pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis based on individual venous thromboembolism and bleeding risk factors. This study identified the need for increased adherence to national guidelines for venous thromboembolism prevention in patients with multiple myeloma receiving immunomodulatory drug therapy so as to increase the quality of care provided at UC Health.
Migrant families as effective buffers against discrimination: The perceived work–care conflict and household conditions of mothers
Authors: Ho Wing-Chung , Cheung Chau-Kiu 
Published: January 2015

Summary Past social work studies on discrimination perceived by immigrants mainly concerned the negative impacts of social dislocation on the immigrants, such as their loss of social support, devaluation of education and work skills, and acculturative stress. Important features of family efficacy, notably the immigrant’s perceived control over the work–care management and household conditions are yet to be considered in any conceptual model of perceived discrimination. Findings The present study tested both the social dislocation and family efficacy models for 372 Chinese migrant mothers living in low-income communities of Hong Kong. While path analyses supported both models, the family efficacy model had substantially higher power in explaining perceived discrimination. Application Implications for social service practitioners and policy advocates to promote the life chances of poor migrant mothers are discussed.
Assessing the quality of human research protection programs to improve protection of human subjects participating in clinical trials
Authors: Tsan Min-Fu , Tsan Linda W 
Published: January 2015

Introduction: Institutions conducting research involving human subjects establish human research protection programs to ensure the rights and welfare of research participants as well as to meet ethical and regulatory requirements. It is important to determine whether human research protection programs have achieved these objectives. Methods: The Department of Veterans Affairs has developed quality indicators and annually collected human research protection program quality indicator data from its 108 research facilities since 2010. Results: Analysis of Department of Veterans Affairs human research protection program quality indicator data revealed that facilities using affiliated university institutional review boards performed as well as those using their own Department of Veterans Affairs institutional review boards and that facilities with small research programs, that is, less than 50 human research protocols, performed at least as well as those with larger research programs. These quality indicator data also provided Department of Veterans Affairs facilities with valuable information for quality improvement. Many of these quality indicators have improved in subsequent years, and none has deteriorated. Lapse rates in institutional review board continuing reviews remained high and relatively constant at above 6.0% over a 4-year period from 2010 through 2013. Discussion: Future efforts should be directed at developing a set of human research protection program quality indicators truly reflecting the quality of human research protection programs that are applicable to both Department of Veterans Affairs and non-Department of Veterans Affairs institutions and determining whether high-quality human research protection programs as measured using these quality indicators translate into better human subject protections.
Hygiene factors: Using VLE minimum standards to avoid student dissatisfaction
Authors: Reed Peter , Watmough Simon 
Published: January 2015

Inconsistency in the use of Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs) has led to dissatisfaction amongst students and is an issue across the Higher Education sector. This paper outlines research undertaken in one faculty within one university to ascertain staff and student views on minimum standards within the VLE; how the VLE could reduce student dissatisfaction; and to propose a conceptual framework surrounding student satisfaction with the VLE. A questionnaire was sent to staff and students asking if they agreed with the need to introduce minimum standards in the VLE and what criteria they wanted. The National Student Survey (NSS) results were analysed for six schools within the faculty over a 4-year period. Many of the NSS results were relevant to developing minimum standards with the VLE. The questionnaire results showed the vast majority of staff and students favour the introduction of minimum standards and identified specific items that should be included, for example handbooks, contact information for staff, access to previous modules, assessment information, further reading, etc. The NSS data showed that students wanted lectures available in the VLE, improved feedback, more computers for students and information about cancelled sessions/timetable changes in the VLE. The results suggest the presence of many minimum standards may reduce student dissatisfaction with the VLE. However, a distinction is made between those pre-potent factors that cause dissatisfaction and those that lead to satisfaction, using Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory as a theoretical basis. When considering minimum standards as ‘hygiene factors’, their presence can prevent student dissatisfaction and provide the foundations for innovation in technology-enhanced learning.
Can large surveys conducted on highly selected populations provide valid information on the epidemiology of common health conditions? An analysis of UK Biobank data on musculoskeletal pain
Authors: Macfarlane Gary J , Beasley Marcus , Smith Blair H , Jones Gareth T , Macfarlane Tatiana V 
Published: January 2015

Introduction: Biobank-type studies are typically large but have very low participation rates. It has been suggested that these studies may provide biased estimates of prevalence but are likely to provide valid estimates of association. We test these hypotheses using data collected on pain in a large Biobank study in the United Kingdom. Methods: UK Biobank recruited 503,325 persons aged 40–69 years (participation rate 5.5%). Participants completed questionnaires, including pain, lifestyle and environment factors. As a comparison, we used both a large population study of pain (MUSICIAN: n = 8847, aged: 40–69 years) conducted 2008–2009 and the National Child Development study (NCDS) which recruited all persons in Great Britain born during one week of 1958 and followed them up at age 44 years ( n = 9377). Results: ‘Any pain’ (UK Biobank 61.0%; MUSICIAN 63.9%), chronic pain (42.9%, 52.2%) and site-specific musculoskeletal pain (back 26.2%, 29.7%; shoulder/neck 23.3%, 25.3%) were generally similar in UK Biobank and MUSICIAN. The prevalence of chronic pain and most regional musculoskeletal pains in UK Biobank were all within 2% of that in NCDS. Conclusion: UK Biobank has provided estimates of the prevalence of pain which are similar to those from previous large-scale studies, although a formal comparison of the estimates cannot be made. It has also confirmed known associations with the reporting of pain. Despite its very low participation rate, such a study provides the opportunity to investigate novel exposure–pain relationships and investigate rarer exposures and characteristics to further our knowledge of the epidemiology of pain.
The mind–body connection in irritable bowel syndrome: A randomised controlled trial of hypnotherapy as a treatment
Authors: Phillips-Moore Julie S , Talley Nicholas J , Jones Michael P 
Published: January 2015

Background: Hypnotherapy has been reported as being beneficial in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We aimed to test the hypothesis that patients with IBS treated ‘holistically’ by hypnosis (i.e. by combined psychological and physiological symptom imagery) would have greater improvement in their IBS symptoms than patients treated by hypnosis using standard ‘gut-directed’ hypnotherapy, and both would be superior to simple relaxation therapy. Methods: Patients ( n = 51) with Rome II criteria were randomised to ‘individualised’ (holistic) hypnotherapy, standard ‘gut-directed’ hypnotherapy or relaxation therapy for a period of 11 weeks with two follow-up assessments at 2 weeks and at 3 months after the completion of the trial. The primary outcome was bowel symptom severity scale (BSSS). Results: All the participants in this study improved their IBS symptoms (pain, bloating, constipation and diarrhoea) and physical functioning at the end of the treatment from baseline, but this was not significantly different across the treatment arms. Conclusion: Neither ‘individualised’ nor ‘gut-directed’ hypnotherapy is superior to relaxation therapy in IBS.
A Template for Non-Religious-Based Discussions against Euthanasia
Authors: Bloodworth Melissa , Bloodworth Nathaniel , Ely E. Wesley 
Published: January 2015

We submit this manuscript as part of the ongoing conversation in society at large about physician-assisted death (PAD) and euthanasia. This outlines an approach used by lay healthcare professionals in arguing against PAD/euthanasia during a 1-hour debate conducted on a secular medical school campus. We have included the elements chosen for the “con” side of the argument (i.e., against PAD) by the medical students and attending physician. The goal of this manuscript is to provide a focused and pithy template upon which to build an approach that honors the dignity of life in all circumstances. Lay summary: The discussion over physician assisted death and euthanasia remains ongoing in secular academic medical institutions across the United States and much of the western world. These debates have incentivized efforts to develop a framework for arguments against Euthanasia that will find traction in an environment generally hostile to religion and religious thought. In this essay, we present arguments given by the “con” side in a student-led debate over physician assisted death and euthanasia at Vanderbilt University with the hope that they will provide a foundation for future discussions promoting truth and life without alienating our secular colleagues.
Epstein-Barr virus LMP2A suppresses MHC class II expression by regulating the B-cell transcription factors E47 and PU.1
Authors: Lin Jiun-Han , Lin Ju-Yin , Chou Ya-Ching , Chen Mei-Ru , Yeh Te-Huei , Lin Chung-Wu , Lin Sue-Jane , Tsai Ching-Hwa 
Published: January 2015

Key PointsEBV LMP2A alters B-cell gene expression; E47 and PU.1 are repressed by LMP2A, resulting in downregulation of MHC class II expression.
Studies on the mechanical stretchability of transparent conductive film based on graphene-metal nanowire structures
Authors: Lee Mi-Sun , Kim Joohee , Park Jihun , Park Jang-Ung 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Transparent electrodes with superior flexibility and stretchability as well as good electrical and optical properties are required for applications in wearable electronics with comfort designs and high performances. Here, we present hybrid nanostructures as stretchable and transparent electrodes based on graphene and networks of metal nanowires, and investigate their optical, electrical, and mechanical properties. High electrical and optical characteristics, superb bendability (folded in half), excellent stretchability (10,000 times in stretching cycles with 100% in tensile strain toward a uniaxial direction and 30% in tensile strain toward a multi-axial direction), strong robustness against electrical breakdown and thermal oxidation were obtained through comprehensive study. We believe that these results suggest a substantial promise application in future electronics.
Field pathogenomics reveals the emergence of a diverse wheat yellow rust population
Authors: Hubbard Amelia , Lewis Clare M , Yoshida Kentaro , Ramirez-Gonzalez Ricardo H , de Vallavieille-Pope Claude , Thomas Jane , Kamoun Sophien , Bayles Rosemary , Uauy Cristobal , Saunders Diane GO 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Background
Emerging and re-emerging pathogens imperil public health and global food security. Responding to these threats requires improved surveillance and diagnostic systems. Despite their potential, genomic tools have not been readily applied to emerging or re-emerging plant pathogens such as the wheat yellow (stripe) rust pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (PST). This is due largely to the obligate parasitic nature of PST, as culturing PST isolates for DNA extraction remains slow and tedious.

Results
To counteract the limitations associated with culturing PST, we developed and applied a field pathogenomics approach by transcriptome sequencing infected wheat leaves collected from the field in 2013. This enabled us to rapidly gain insights into this emerging pathogen population. We found that the PST population across the United Kingdom (UK) underwent a major shift in recent years. Population genetic structure analyses revealed four distinct lineages that correlated to the phenotypic groups determined through traditional pathology-based virulence assays. Furthermore, the genetic diversity between members of a single population cluster for all 2013 PST field samples was much higher than that displayed by historical UK isolates, revealing a more diverse population of PST.

Conclusions
Our field pathogenomics approach uncovered a dramatic shift in the PST population in the UK, likely due to a recent introduction of a diverse set of exotic PST lineages. The methodology described herein accelerates genetic analysis of pathogen populations and circumvents the difficulties associated with obligate plant pathogens. In principle, this strategy can be widely applied to a variety of plant pathogens.
Novel Three Dimensional Human Endocervix Cultures Respond to 28-Day Hormone Treatment
Authors: Arslan Sevim Yildiz , Yu Yanni , Burdette Joanne E. , Pavone Mary Ellen , Hope Thomas J. , Woodruff Teresa K. , Kim J. Julie 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe endocervix has both anatomical and biological functions that participate in the delicate balance between tolerance necessary for conception and protection from pathogens. Our goal was to develop a robust 3-dimensional (3D) endocervix model that was a reliable representation of the in vivo tissues and to identify the physiological responses to changing levels of steroid hormones during a 28-day time period. Human endocervical cells were grown on polystyrene scaffolds, and the morphologic and hormonal responses of cultured cells were assessed in response to fluctuating levels of estradiol (E2) or progesterone (P4). Morphologically, the 3D cultures were composed of a mixed population of cells, including epithelial and stromal cells. Treatment with E2 and P4 (d 28) increased cell growth and proliferation as compared with no treatment control. Cells expressed estrogen receptor and P4 receptor and produced both neutral and acidic mucins, including Mucin 16. In addition, a 45-plex Luminex assay identified numerous factors secreted and regulated by hormones. Specifically, IL-1β and leukemia inhibitory factor significantly decreased in the presence of E2 and P4 as compared with the no hormone control at day 26. Cotreatment with RU486 (mifepristone) attenuated the inhibition of IL-1β and leukemia inhibitory factor secretion. In summary, a robust, novel 3D endocervical culture was developed, and physiologic responses to the menstrual cycle mimic of E2 and P4 levels for a period of 28 days were identified.
Body Mass Index (BMI) Trajectories in Infancy Differ by Population Ancestry and May Presage Disparities in Early Childhood Obesity
Authors: Roy Sani M. , Chesi Alessandra , Mentch Frank , Xiao Rui , Chiavacci Rosetta , Mitchell Jonathan A. , Kelly Andrea , Hakonarson Hakon , Grant Struan F.A. , Zemel Babette S. , McCormack Shana E. 
Published: January 2015

Context:
No consensus definition exists for excess adiposity during infancy. After age 2 years, high body mass index (BMI) is related to adverse cardiometabolic outcomes. Before age 2 years, the utility of BMI as a metric of excess adiposity is unknown.

Objectives:
The objective of the study was to characterize infant BMI trajectories in a diverse, longitudinal cohort and investigate the relationship between the infancy BMI trajectory and childhood obesity.

Subjects:
Healthy, nonpreterm infants (n = 2114) in the Genetic Causes for Complex Pediatric Disorders study (The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia) with six or more BMI measurements in the first 13.5 months participated in the study.

Design:
For each infant, the BMI trajectory was modeled using polynomial regression. Independent effects of clinical factors on magnitude and timing of peak BMI were assessed. The relationship between infancy BMI and early childhood BMI (age 4 y) was examined (n = 1075).

Results:
The cohort was 53% male and 61% African-American. Peak BMI was 18.6 ± 1.7 kg/m2 and occurred at 8.6 ± 1.4 months. In multivariate analysis, boys had a higher (0.50 kg/m2, P &lt; .001) peak BMI than girls. The peak was higher (0.53 kg/m2, P ≤ .001) and occurred earlier (by 12 d, P &lt; .001) in African-American vs white children. The odds of obesity at age 4 years increased among children with higher (odds ratio 2.02; P &lt; .001) and later (odds ratio 1.26; P = .02) infancy peak BMI.

Conclusions:
We demonstrate sex- and ancestry-specific differences in infancy BMI and an association of infancy peak BMI with childhood BMI. These findings support the potential utility of infancy BMI to identify children younger than age 2 years with increased risk for later obesity.
Zebrafish as a model for apolipoprotein biology: comprehensive expression analysis and a role for ApoA-IV in regulating food intake
Authors: Otis Jessica P. , Zeituni Erin M. , Thierer James H. , Anderson Jennifer L. , Brown Alexandria C. , Boehm Erica D. , Cerchione Derek M. , Ceasrine Alexis M. , Avraham-Davidi Inbal , Tempelhof Hanoch , Yaniv Karina , Farber Steven A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractImproved understanding of lipoproteins, particles that transport lipids throughout the circulation, is vital to developing new treatments for the dyslipidemias associated with metabolic syndrome. Apolipoproteins are a key component of lipoproteins. Apolipoproteins are proteins that structure lipoproteins and regulate lipid metabolism through control of cellular lipid exchange. Constraints of cell culture and mouse models mean that there is a need for a complementary model that can replicate the complex in vivo milieu that regulates apolipoprotein and lipoprotein biology. Here, we further establish the utility of the genetically tractable and optically clear larval zebrafish as a model of apolipoprotein biology. Gene ancestry analyses were implemented to determine the closest human orthologs of the zebrafish apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), apoB, apoE and apoA-IV genes and therefore ensure that they have been correctly named. Their expression patterns throughout development were also analyzed, by whole-mount mRNA in situ hybridization (ISH). The ISH results emphasized the importance of apolipoproteins in transporting yolk and dietary lipids: mRNA expression of all apolipoproteins was observed in the yolk syncytial layer, and intestinal and liver expression was observed from 4-6 days post-fertilization (dpf). Furthermore, real-time PCR confirmed that transcription of three of the four zebrafish apoA-IV genes was increased 4 hours after the onset of a 1-hour high-fat feed. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that zebrafish ApoA-IV performs a conserved role to that in rat in the regulation of food intake by transiently overexpressing ApoA-IVb.1 in transgenic larvae and quantifying ingestion of co-fed fluorescently labeled fatty acid during a high-fat meal as an indicator of food intake. Indeed, ApoA-IVb.1 overexpression decreased food intake by approximately one-third. This study comprehensively describes the expression and function of eleven zebrafish apolipoproteins and serves as a springboard for future investigations to elucidate their roles in development and disease in the larval zebrafish model.
Crosslinking-assisted Stabilization of Beaded Nanofibers from Elastin-like Double Hydrophobic Polypeptides
Authors: Le Duc H T , Kawakami Reiko , Teraoka Yusuke , Okubo Tatsuya , Sugawara-Narutaki Ayae 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
A double hydrophobic elastin-like block polypeptide having crosslinkable amino groups at both termini has been constructed for the first time. Upon an increase in temperature, the block polypeptide assembles into beaded nanofibers in water. The noncrosslinked nanofibers partially dissociate at lower temperatures, while their crosslinked counterparts retain their beaded fiber morphology.
Template-free Hydrothermal Synthesis of Copper Phthalocyanine Nanobelts
Authors: Zhang Lijuan , Li Hejun , Wei Jianfeng , Li Kezhi , Fu Qiangang , Shen Qingliang 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
A novel template-free hydrothermal approach has been developed to synthesize metastable α-phase copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) nanobelts, which can be realized under a mild condition with a low reaction temperature. The morphology of CuPc nanobelts at different growth stages was observed using field emission scanning electron microscopy. The structures were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Results show that as-synthesized α-CuPc nanobelts possess well-crystalline structure with diameters of about 100 nm and long lengths above 50 µm. In addition, a self-assembly formation mechanism of CuPc nanobelts has been briefly discussed.
Online Form of Educational Programs in Multi-discipline Educational Institutions
Authors: Фирсова  , Firsova Irina , Лисицына  , Lisitsyna A. 
Published: January 2015

The author discusses the advantages and capabilities of the online form of education programs, distinguishes features and ways of implementation of
online models. Emphasis is made on cooperation with universities as a way of №etworking whithin programs of Special Education.