bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical outcomes for pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma patients
Authors: Sullivan Jared J , Chandler James P , Lesniak Maciej S , Tate Matthew C , Sonabend Adam M , Kalapurakal John A , Horbinski Craig M , Lukas Rimas V , Kumthekar Priya U , Sachdev Sean 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Report our institutional experience with pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) to contribute to limited data on optimal management.

Methods
Patients with pathologically confirmed PXA treated at our institution between 1990 and 2019 were identified. Demographic information, tumor grade, treatment variables, and clinical outcomes were collected from patient charts. Kaplan–Meier estimates were used to summarize 2 primary outcome measurements: progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Outcomes were stratified by tumor grade and extent of resection. Cox regression and log-rank testing were performed.

Results
We identified 17 patients with pathologically confirmed PXA. Two patients were excluded due to incomplete treatment information or &lt;6 m of follow-up; 15 patients were analyzed (median follow-up 4.4 years). Six patients had grade 2 PXA and 9 had grade 3 anaplastic PXA. The 2- and 5-year PFS for the cohort was 57% and 33%, respectively; 2- and 5-year OS was 93% and 75%, respectively. Patients with grade 2 tumors exhibited superior PFS compared to those with grade 3 tumors (2-year PFS: 100% vs. 28%, 5-year PFS: 60% vs. 14%), hazard ratio, 5.09 (95% CI: 1.06–24.50), P = .02. Undergoing a gross total resection was associated with numerical longer survival but this was not of statistical significance (hazard ratio: 0.38, P = .15). All but one (89%) of the grade 3 patients underwent RT.

Conclusions
The poor survival of the cohort, especially with grade 3 tumors, suggests the need for more aggressive treatment, including maximal resection followed by intensive adjuvant therapy. Better prognostics of tumor recurrence are needed to guide the use of adjuvant therapy.
Experimental revival of an unknown state from the past in quantum walks
Authors: Huo Bingzi , Qu Dengke , Lin Quan , Zhu Gaoyan , Xiao Lei , Zhan Xiang , Xue Peng 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
The physical process in the macroscopic world unfolds along a single time direction, while the evolution of a quantum system is reversible in principle. How to recover a quantum system to its past state is a complex issue of both fundamental and practical interests. In this article, we experimentally demonstrate a novel method for recovering the state in quantum walks (QWs), also known as full-state revival. Moreover, we observe two other important phenomena in QWs, recurrence and periodicity, via simplifying and repeatedly implementing the scheme, respectively. Our experiments show that obtaining these phenomena requires neither any information of the initial state nor full information of the coin operations. Our work sheds new light on quantum state engineering and recovery, and the initialization of quantum devices based on QWs.
Compound hot–dry events greatly prolong the recovery time of dryland ecosystems
Authors: Yao Ying , Fu Bojie , Liu Yanxu , Zhang Yao , Ding Jingyi , Li Yan , Zhou Sha , Song Jiaxi , Wang Shuai , Li Changjia , Zhao Wenwu 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Compound hot–dry events cause more severe impacts on terrestrial ecosystems than dry events, while the differences in recovery time (ΔRT) between hot–dry and dry events and their contributing factors remain unclear. Both remote sensing observations and eddy covariance measurements reveal that hot–dry events prolong the recovery time compared with dry events, with greater prolongation of recovery time in drylands than in humid regions. Random forest regression modeling demonstrates that the difference in vapor pressure deficit between hot–dry and dry events, with an importance score of 35%, is the major factor contributing to ΔRT. The severity of stomatal restriction exceeds that of non-stomatal limitation, which restricts the vegetation productivity that is necessary for the recovery process. These results emphasize the negative effect of vapor pressure deficit on vegetation recovery during hot–dry events and project an extension of drought recovery time considering elevated vapor pressure deficit in a warming world.
Nanorepair medicine for treatment of organ injury
Authors: Wang Han , Hsu Jessica C , Song Wenyu , Lan Xiaoli , Cai Weibo , Ni Dalong 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Organ injuries, such as acute kidney injury, ischemic stroke, and spinal cord injury, often result in complications that can be life-threatening or even fatal. Recently, many nanomaterials have emerged as promising agents for repairing various organ injuries. In this review, we present the important developments in the field of nanomaterial-based repair medicine, herein referred to as ‘nanorepair medicine’. We first introduce the disease characteristics associated with different types of organ injuries and highlight key examples of relevant nanorepair medicine. We then provide a summary of existing strategies in nanorepair medicine, including organ-targeting methodologies and potential countermeasures against exogenous and endogenous pathologic risk factors. Finally, we offer our perspectives on current challenges and future expectations for the advancement of nanomedicine designed for organ injury repair.
The Impoverished Publicness of Algorithmic Decision Making
Authors: Frost Neli 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The increasing use of machine learning (ML) in public administration requires that we think carefully about the political and legal constraints imposed on public decision making. These developments confront us with the following interrelated questions: can algorithmic public decisions be truly ‘public’? And, to what extent does the use of ML models compromise the ‘publicness’ of such decisions? This article is part of a broader inquiry into the myriad ways in which digital and AI technologies transform the fabric of our democratic existence by mutating the ‘public’. Focusing on the site of public administration, the article develops a conception of publicness that is grounded in a view of public administrations as communities of practice. These communities operate through dialogical, critical and synergetic interactions that allow them to track—as faithfully as possible—the public’s heterogeneous view of its interests, and reify these interests in decision making. Building on this theorisation, the article suggests that the use of ML models in public decision making inevitably generates an impoverished publicness, and thus undermines the potential of public administrations to operate as a locus of democratic construction. The article thus advocates for a reconsideration of the ways in which administrative law problematises and addresses the harms of algorithmic decision making.
Cellular network measurements can unravel spatiotemporal properties of bird movement to enhance basic and applied knowledge globally
Authors: Ben Moshe Daniel , Messer Hagit , Werber Yuval , Sapir Nir 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A major problem in studying bird movement in many countries is data scarcity, precluding information about the spatial and temporal properties of avian distribution and dynamics as well as their consequences for human lives. We address this problem by proposing an innovative approach based on the relation between counts of signal attenuation of wireless communication to the presence of birds across or near wireless links of cellular backhaul networks. Wireless point-to-point communication links, on either ground level or earth-satellite links, cover the globe. We statistically relate between signal attenuation in terrestrial Commercial Microwave Links (CMLs) and bird migration. Because modern communication systems measure and often log signal levels routinely, we propose using existing signal level measurements of cellular and other wireless communication systems around the world as sensors for monitoring bird movement. Using actual measurements from operational CMLs, we show that the daily cycle of signal attenuation during bird migration periods matched that of the water-bird migration traffic rate recorded by nearby bird radar. This demonstrates the potential of the proposed method for opportunistic bird movement monitoring by CMLs across the globe, with no additional hardware installation, maintenance, or communication costs.
Can digital technology be affordable on industrial level? An exploration by integrating the sports and health industries
Authors: Li Jiannan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
While the significance of digital technologies like big data marketing is recognized in sport and health industries, the deployment is not in a fast pace as expected. Previous investigations argue that the financial issue can be the reason explaining such hesitation for sport and health firms to widely adopt advanced digital technologies. Through integrating firms in global sport and health industries, it is shown that the digital technology adoption can be negatively associated with firms’ financial status. Therefore, the digital technologies are expensive, and the provision of sufficient financial incentives can be important to facilitate the promotion of digital technologies in sport and health industries.
Short- and long-term outcomes of patients with pure membranous lupus nephritis compared with patients with proliferative disease
Authors: Kharouf Fadi , Li Qixuan , Whittall Garcia Laura P , Jauhal Arenn , Gladman Dafna D , Touma Zahi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Membranous LN (MLN) is thought to have a more benign course than proliferative LN (PLN). We aimed to determine the differences in short- and long-term outcomes between patients with MLN and PLN.

Methods
We included patients with first biopsy-proven MLN and PLN. Short-term outcomes included complete proteinuria recovery (CPR), complete renal response (CRR) and primary efficacy renal response (PERR). Long-term outcomes included a sustained ≥40% reduction in baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate, end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), cardiovascular (CV) events, ≥2 increase in SLICC/ACR Damage Index and death. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the effect of baseline characteristics on long-term outcomes.

Results
Of 215 patients, 51 had pure MLN and 164 had PLN. We found no significant differences between the two groups in achieving CPR, CRR and PERR at 1 and 2 years. Median time to outcomes was slightly, but insignificantly, longer in the MLN group. For long-term outcomes, PLN was associated with worse renal and non-renal outcomes, but this was not statistically significant. In the multivariable Cox proportional hazard models, ESKD was associated with the following baseline variables: younger age [hazard ratio (HR) 0.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.87–0.97], higher creatinine (HR 1.01, 95% CI 1.01–1.02), low complement (HR 4.0, 95% CI 1.04–11.10) and higher chronicity index (HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.08–1.51).

Conclusion
The resolution of proteinuria in LN is slow. MLN is not a benign disease and may be associated with deterioration of renal function, ESKD, damage, CV events and death.
The first-night effect of sleep occurs over nonconsecutive nights in unfamiliar and familiar environments
Authors: Wick Anna Zoé , Combertaldi Selina Ladina , Rasch Björn 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The first night in an unfamiliar environment is marked by reduced sleep quality and changes in sleep architecture. This so-called first-night effect (FNE) is well established for two consecutive nights and lays the foundation for including an adaptation night in sleep research to counteract FNEs. However, adaptation nights rarely happen immediately before experimental nights, which raises the question of how sleep adapts over nonconsecutive nights. Furthermore, it is yet unclear, how environmental familiarity and hemispheric asymmetry of slow-wave sleep (SWS) contribute to the explanation of FNEs. To address this gap, 45 healthy participants spent two weekly separated nights in the sleep laboratory. In a separate study, we investigated the influence of environmental familiarity on 30 participants who spent two nonconsecutive nights in the sleep laboratory and two nights at home. Sleep was recorded by polysomnography. Results of both studies show that FNEs also occur in nonconsecutive nights, particularly affecting wake after sleep onset, sleep onset latency, and total sleep time. Sleep disturbances in the first night happen in both familiar and unfamiliar environments. The degree of asymmetric SWS was not correlated with the FNE but rather tended to vary over the course of several nights. Our findings suggest that nonconsecutive adaptation nights are effective in controlling for FNEs, justifying the current practice in basic sleep research. Further research should focus on trait- and fluctuating state-like components explaining interhemispheric asymmetries.
Model Guardians: The Gendered Racialization of Asian American Police Officers
Authors: Nishimura Michael 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
21st century police departments in the United States actively promote a community policing model based on mutual trust and cooperation, with a focus on increasing the racial diversity of their workforce. This article focuses on the racialization processes and self-perceptions of Asian American men police officers in Southern California. Drawing on 26 semi-structured interviews, I find that Asian American men police officers, citing their cultural values of hard work, respect, and cooperativeness, position themselves as modern ideal officers, what I call model guardians. Bringing together literatures on police masculinity, Asian American masculinity and model minority politics, I illustrate how Asian American men use model minority capital to symbolically distance themselves from Black, Latinx, and women officers, thereby accumulating status. Even as Asian American men officers experience marginalization, they incorporate their struggles into a model minority perseverance narrative while also claiming relatability to the racialized people they police. Model guardian ideology demonstrates how even within an ostensibly diversifying field, police officers sustain and repackage carceral logics in racialized and gendered ways.
Neonatal autopsy—is it relevant in today’s era?
Authors: Mishra Purbasha , Mohanty Pankaj Kumar , Som Tapas Kumar , Sahoo Tanushree , Devi Usha , Purkait Suvendu , Sable Mukund Namdev , Mishra Pritinanda , Ayyanar Pavithra 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Autopsy of infants can provide vital information about the cause of death and contributes to the detection of diagnostic errors, especially in a low- or middle-income country. To observe the clinicopathological agreement in neonatal deaths in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) and comment on the additional information retrieved by autopsy. A retrospective observational study was conducted in the NICU from January 2020 to December 2022. Neonatal deaths were analyzed, and clinical details and autopsy findings were collected. Both clinical and pathological diagnoses were classified according to the Goldman classification. Twenty-two newborn infants were enrolled. The mean gestational age was 33.5 (±4.38) weeks, and the median birth weight was 1510 (1005–2100) g. There was complete concordance between clinical and pathological diagnosis in 11 (50%) cases. Major diagnostic errors occurred in 41% of cases. Respiratory system disorders (lung infections, airway anomalies) accounted for six (54%) cases of missed diagnosis. Our study showed that the diagnosis was revised after autopsy in about one-third of cases, and newer findings were identified in one-fifth of cases.
Regional disparities in BCG vaccination coverage and tuberculosis incidence in infants among Brazilian states
Authors: Procianoy Guilherme S , Procianoy Renato S , Silveira Rita C 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination and tuberculosis (TB) incidence in children under 1 year of age are critical public health indicators in Brazil. The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic disrupted vaccination coverage (VC), potentially impacting TB incidence. Understanding regional disparities in VC and TB incidence can inform targeted interventions. We conducted an observational and ecological study using BCG vaccination data (2019–21) and TB incidence (2020–22) for all births in Brazil. Data were collected from public health databases, stratified by state, and analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics to explore VC and TB incidence. Between 2019 and 2021, average BCG VC was 79.59%, with significant variation among states (P &lt; .001). Only four states achieved minimum recommended coverage (&gt;90%). TB incidence varied significantly among states (P = .003). There was a notable decline in VC from 2019 (90.72%) to 2021 (78.67%) (P &lt; .001). This study highlights regional disparities in BCG VC and TB incidence among Brazilian states. Lower VC post-pandemic may increase TB incidence, requiring targeted interventions in states with inadequate coverage. The findings underscore the importance of sustaining vaccination programs amidst public health crises and implementing strategies to enhance access and uptake.
Investigation of community knowledge, attitudes and stigma towards leprosy in Nigeria: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Murphy-Okpala Ngozi , Dahiru Tahir , Eze Chinwe , Nwafor Charles , Ekeke Ngozi , Abdullahi Suleiman , Iyama Francis S , Meka Anthony , Njoku Martin , Ezeakile Okechukwu , Ukwaja Kingsley N , Anyaike Chukwuma , Sesere Omayeli , Chukwu Joseph 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Little is known about community knowledge and stigma towards leprosy in endemic settings. The aim of this study was to evaluate community knowledge, attitudes and stigma towards leprosy in Nigeria.

Methods
This was a mixed-methods study consisting of a quantitative cross-sectional survey of community members and qualitative focus group discussions with community members and people affected by leprosy as well as key informant interviews with healthcare workers and community leaders.

Results
Of the 811 survey participants, 401 (49.4%) had a poor knowledge of leprosy that was driven by cultural beliefs, fear of its contagiousness and poor knowledge of its means of transmission. The participants reported high stigma levels with a mean score of 18.96±7.73 on the Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue Community Stigma Scale and 9.39±7.03 on the Social Distance Scale. Stigma levels were influenced by age, residence, education and knowledge of leprosy. Qualitative data suggested that community members were scared of leprosy infectiousness, and local illness concepts and misconceptions informed attitudes and behaviour towards leprosy in the community.

Conclusion
Community members have a poor knowledge of, and high stigma levels towards leprosy. Culture-specific health education and behavioural change interventions are needed to address the identified gaps.
Africa's Manufacturing Puzzle: Evidence from Tanzanian and Ethiopian Firms
Authors: Diao Xinshen , Ellis Mia , McMillan Margaret , Rodrik Dani 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Recent growth accelerations in Africa are characterized by declining shares of the labor force employed in agriculture, increasing labor productivity in agriculture, and declining labor productivity in modern sectors such as manufacturing. To shed light on this puzzle, this study disaggregates firms in the manufacturing sector by average size, using two newly created firm-level panels covering Tanzania (2008–2016) and Ethiopia (1996–2017). The analysis identifies a dichotomy between larger firms with superior productivity performance that do not expand employment and small firms that absorb employment but do not experience much productivity growth. Large, more productive firms use highly capital-intensive techniques, in line with global technology trends but significantly greater than what would be expected based on these countries’ income levels or relative factor endowments.
Phylogenomics of Phengodidae (Coleoptera: Elateroidea): towards a natural classification of a bioluminescent and paedomorphic beetle lineage, with recognition of a new subfamily
Authors: Ferreira Vinicius S , Roza André S , Barbosa Felipe F , Vega-Badillo Viridiana , Zaragoza-Caballero Santiago , Mermudes José Ricardo M , Ivie Michael A , Hansen Aslak K , Brunke Adam J , Douglas Hume B , Solodovnikov Alexey , Kundrata Robin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Phengodidae (Coleoptera: Elateroidea), commonly known as glowworm beetles, are a small family of bioluminescent and paedomorphic beetles. There are few phylogenetic studies of Phengodidae, and these are mostly discordant, especially when comparing morphology-based and molecular-based phylogenetic hypotheses. Here, we used the anchored hybrid enrichment approach to undertake the first phylogenomic analysis of Phengodidae (≤358 loci and 39 taxa) and evaluate the higher-level classification of the group. In agreement with previous molecular studies, we recovered Phengodidae as sister to Rhagophthalmidae, and the Old World Cydistinae as sister to all New World Phengodidae. In contrast to previous hypotheses, both Phengodinae and Mastinocerinae were each recovered as monophyletic. Cenophengus was found to be sister to Mastinocerinae, in contrast to some previous hypotheses that placed it as sister to all New World Phengodidae. Considering its morphological divergence, we here establish Cenophenginae subfam. nov. Despite the largest and most comprehensive sampling of Phengodidae in any molecular-based study to date, we had only limited success in revealing the relationships among genera within the most species-rich subfamily, Mastinocerinae. Further studies should focus on the phylogeny and classification of this taxonomically neglected subfamily, on the phylogenetic placement of enigmatic Penicillophorinae, and on seeking morphological support for the main clades of Phengodidae.
Cranial anatomy of the Triassic rhynchosaur Mesosuchus browni based on computed tomography, with a discussion of the vomeronasal system and its deep history in Reptilia
Authors: Foster William , Gensbigler Paul , Wilson Jacob D , Smith Roger M H , Lyson Tyler R , Bever Gabriel S 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The stem lineage of Archosauria is populated by a diverse fossil record that remains notably understudied relative to the crown clade. Prominent among these specimens is a beautifully preserved skull of the early mid-Triassic rhynchosaur Mesosuchus browni [Iziko South African Museum (SAM) 6536], whose phylogenetic position has considerable influence on patterns of pan-archosaurian cranial evolution. We used high-resolution, micro-computed tomography to re-examine the anatomy of this specimen, building on previous studies that were either limited to external observations or restricted to the braincase. A digital segmentation of the cranial elements and primary neurovascular canals of SAM-PK-6536 allows for expanded character scoring and constitutes a foundation for future comparative insights. Our data support the phylogenetically oldest instance of a pneumatized maxilla in a pan-archosaur, bringing the record of antorbital pneumatization into closer alignment with that of the neurocranium. The nasal cavity and primary palate of Mesosuchus includes a complex septomaxilla, a novel element anterior to the vomer, and is likely to have supported a well-developed vomeronasal system. The evolution of this system is discussed in terms of both phylogenetic pattern and how the skeletal architecture of Mesosuchus and other fossils could inform the signalling dynamics that pattern the vomeronasal system during development.