bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revealing important nocturnal and day‐to‐day variations in fire smoke emissions through a multiplatform inversion
Authors: Saide Pablo E. , Peterson David A. , da Silva Arlindo , Anderson Bruce , Ziemba Luke D. , Diskin Glenn , Sachse Glen , Hair Johnathan , Butler Carolyn , Fenn Marta , Jimenez Jose L. , Campuzano‐Jost Pedro , Perring Anne E. , Schwarz Joshua P. , Markovic Milos Z. , Russell Phil , Redemann Jens , Shinozuka Yohei , Streets David G. , Yan Fang , Dibb Jack , Yokelson Robert , Toon O. Brian , Hyer Edward , Carmichael Gregory R. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe couple airborne, ground‐based, and satellite observations; conduct regional simulations; and develop and apply an inversion technique to constrain hourly smoke emissions from the Rim Fire, the third largest observed in California, USA. Emissions constrained with multiplatform data show notable nocturnal enhancements (sometimes over a factor of 20), correlate better with daily burned area data, and are a factor of 2–4 higher than a priori estimates, highlighting the need for improved characterization of diurnal profiles and day‐to‐day variability when modeling extreme fires. Constraining only with satellite data results in smaller enhancements mainly due to missing retrievals near the emissions source, suggesting that top‐down emission estimates for these events could be underestimated and a multiplatform approach is required to resolve them. Predictions driven by emissions constrained with multiplatform data present significant variations in downwind air quality and in aerosol feedback on meteorology, emphasizing the need for improved emissions estimates during exceptional events.
Anharmonic oscillatory flow braking in the Earth's magnetotail
Authors: Panov E. V. , Wolf R. A. , Kubyshkina M. V. , Nakamura R. , Baumjohann W. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPlasma sheet bursty bulk flows often oscillate around their equilibrium position at about 10 RE downtail. The radial magnetic field, pressure, and flux tube volume profiles usually behave differently earthward and tailward of this position. Using data from five Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) probes, we reconstruct these profiles with the help of an empirical model and apply thin filament theory to show that the oscillatory flow braking can occur in an asymmetric potential. Thus, the thin filament oscillations appear to be anharmonic, with a power spectrum exhibiting peaks at both the fundamental frequency and the first harmonic. Such anharmonic oscillatory braking can explain the presence of the first harmonic in Pi2 pulsations (frequency doubling), which are simultaneously observed by magnetometers on the ground near the conjugate THEMIS footprints.
Microstructure and properties of carbon fiber sized with pickering emulsion based on graphene oxide sheets and its composite with epoxy resin
Authors: Wang Cuicui , Ge Heyi , Liu Huashi , Guo Shuai 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe Graphene oxide (GO) sheets were used for preparing the epoxy resin Pickering emulsion. The particle size and the zeta potential of the Pickering emulsion were measured to evaluate its stability. The stable emulsion could be served as the film former of sizing agent for carbon fiber (CF). The effect of the Pickering emulsion stabilized by GO sheets on the properties of CF and the interfacial adhesion property of CF reinforced composite were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that there existed a layer of sizing agent film with GO sheets evenly on the CF surface. Abrasion resistance and stiffness values of CF were tested and the results indicated that the sized CF conformed to the requirement of CF handleability. The interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) test indicated that the interfacial adhesion of the composite could be greatly improved. The fracture surfaces of CF composites were examined by SEM after ILSS tests. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42285.
A multi‐class transit assignment model for estimating transit passenger flows—a case study of Beijing subway network
Authors: Si Bingfeng , Fu Liping , Liu Jianfeng , Shiravi Sajad , Gao Ziyou 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThis paper describes a case study comparing a multi‐class transit assignment model with its single class counterpart for estimating the passenger flows of the Beijing subway network—one of the largest railway transit networks in the world. Multi‐class traffic assignment has been widely considered as a theoretically sound approach to capture the inherent variation in users' route choice behavior. However, few empirical studies have been devoted to showing the effectiveness of this approach in improving the accuracy of the underlying passenger flow estimation process. In this research, a passenger classification scheme is proposed on the basis of a dataset from a large stated preference survey conducted in the City of Beijing, China. Separate generalized cost functions are calibrated for different classes of subway users in Beijing and applied in a multi‐class transit assignment model for estimating passenger flows over a subway network. The case study has shown that the proposed multi‐class approach resulted in significantly improved estimation results with an average estimation error of less than 15% on the transfer flows as compared with 30% for the single class model. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gender differences in the hepatic elimination and pharmacokinetics of lobeglitazone in rats
Authors: Lee Jong‐Hwa , Son Jun‐Hyeng , Chae Yoon‐Jee , Ahn Sung Hoon , Lee Wooin , Kim Dae‐Duk , Chung Suk‐Jae 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe pharmacokinetics of lobeglitazone (LB) was studied after intravenous administration at a dose of 1 mg/kg and oral administration at doses of 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/kg in male and female rats. The area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time zero to infinity (AUCinf) after intravenous administration was approximately 7.1 times higher in female rats than in male rats. In addition, the AUCinf in the case of oral administration was at least 4.4 times higher in female rats and appeared to increase in proportion to the dose in both genders. The in vitro half‐lives were 18.8 ± 4.45 min and 60.7 ± 11.2 min, as evidenced by incubating liver microsomes obtained from male and female rats, respectively. As a result, the estimated CLint for LB for male rat liver microsomes (0.0779 ± 0.0233 ml/min/mg protein) was much higher than that for female rat liver microsomes (0.0233 ± 0.0039 ml/min/mg protein, p < 0.05). These observations suggest that there are gender differences in the pharmacokinetics and hepatic metabolism for LB in rats. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
President's page
Authors: Hirsh Sandy 
Published: April 2015

EDITOR'S SUMMARYJust after ASIS&T's 2014 Annual Meeting in Seattle, the meeting of the Council of Scientific Society Presidents (CSSP) drew representatives from about 60 organizations, many facing challenges similar to those our Association faces. For ASIS&T president Sandy Hirsh, important takeaways included the realization that many, like ASIS&T, are changing to become more inclusive and that all the CSSP societies benefit from the organization's collective voice to promote public awareness of science. Shared best practices on strategic planning, governance, public and international outreach, diversity and relationships with other organizations will be valuable. Progress within ASIS&T continues on the goals of strategic planning, membership management and advocacy. All are being actively pursued following focus group input and member feedback. The website redesign is nearly complete and serves as a stimulus for broader reassessment and updating efforts.
ASIS&T 2014 award of merit acceptance speech
Authors: Hlava Marge 
Published: April 2015

EDITOR'S SUMMARYAccepting ASIS&T's Award of Merit for 2014, Marge Hlava retraced numerous influences on her information science career, starting with the radio broadcast of the launch of the Russian satellite Sputnik propelling science education. She applied her master's degree in biology to information science and beta testing of early telecommunications systems. In 1978 Hlava started her own company, Access Innovations, and has provided information services for over 2,000 projects over the course of 36 years, despite earthquakes, hurricanes and collapsed roofs. The company develops controlled vocabularies and enriches data with metadata to enhance search and retrieval. Through her years with ASIS&T, Hlava has observed academics, managers and entrepreneurs at Association meetings, each with distinct goals, but notes an increasingly academic focus with real‐life applications more likely to be seen at ASIS&T's IA Summit. She urged more pure research as well as work on practical applications with large‐scale data sets. In closing Hlava thanked the many individuals who supported her along the way.
Phased array coil for implementing parallel MRI in intravascular imaging: A feasibility study
Authors: Omer Hammad , Dickinson Robert J. , Awan Shakil A. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe use of intravascular MRI imaging of vessels will provide high quality images for improved diagnosis and treatment. An intravascular MR receive coil provides high SNR because of proximity to the tissue but respiratory and cardiovascular motion may affect the quality of acquired images. Parallel MRI provides a framework to reduce the scan time using multiple coils. This article presents a novel design of a Phased Array MR receive coil for intravascular imaging which can implement Parallel MRI. Cartesian and Radial GRAPPA are used as the main reconstruction algorithms. We demonstrate that Moving Segment Radial GRAPPA provides good image reconstruction with minimum artifacts when data is under‐sampled by a factor of 16. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 43A: 267–276, 2015.
The dynamic properties of a single‐phase transformer‐based inverter for ups systems
Authors: Rymarski Zbigniew , Bernacki Krzysztof 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThis paper presents two algorithms for the creation of an analytical model of a single‐phase transformer‐based inverter, using either the measurements of the control frequency‐dependent characteristics of the inverter or the initial in‐circuit frequency‐dependent measurements of the transformer. The paper discusses how the parameters of the line transformer influence the dynamic properties of the inverter and, as a consequence, the design of the instantaneous control feedback loop. Line transformers, widely used in industry, have not yet been analysed for use at higher than normal operating frequencies. The basic parameters of the transformer are the nonlinear functions of the primary voltage amplitude and frequency. The paper includes verification of both methods using the breadboard experimental model. In the final step, the inverter control transfer functions are calculated. To show the utility of both models, an exemplary discrete controller for the experimental inverter model has been designed and tested. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic structure and historical diversification of catfish Brachyplatystoma platynemum (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) in the Amazon basin with implications for its conservation
Authors: Ochoa Luz Eneida , Pereira Luiz Henrique G. , Costa‐Silva Guilherme Jose , Roxo Fábio F. , Batista Jacqueline S. , Formiga Kyara , Foresti Fausto , Oliveira Claudio 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBrachyplatystoma platynemum is a catfish species widely distributed in the Amazon basin. Despite being considered of little commercial interest, the decline in other fish populations has contributed to the increase in the catches of this species. The structure, population genetic variability, and evolutionary process that have driven the diversification of this species are presently unknown. Considering that, in order to better understand the genetic structure of this species, we analyzed individuals from seven locations of the Amazon basin using eight molecular markers: control region and cytochrome b mtDNA sequences, and a set of six nuclear microsatellite loci. The results show high levels of haplotype diversity and point to the occurrence of two structured populations (Amazon River and the Madeira River) with high values for FST. Divergence time estimates based on mtDNA indicated that these populations diverged about 1.0 Mya (0.2–2.5 Mya 95% HPD) using cytochrome b and 1.4 Mya (0.2–2.7 Mya 95% HPD) using control region. During that time, the influence of climate changes and hydrological events such as sea level oscillations and drainage isolation as a result of geological processes in the Pleistocene may have contributed to the current structure of B. platynemum populations, as well as of differences in water chemistry in Madeira River. The strong genetic structure and the time of genetic divergence estimated for the groups may indicate the existence of strong structure populations of B. platynemum in the Amazon basin.
Viral Nanotemplates Armed with Oxygenic Polyoxometalates for Hydrogen Peroxide Detoxification
Authors: Vilona Debora , Sorarù Antonio , Maccato Chiara , Bortolaso Rossella , Trainotti Livio , Valentini Federica , Boaretto Aldrei , Cepek Cinzia , Bonchio Marcella , Carraro Mauro 
Published: April 2015

AbstractLayer‐by‐layer (LbL) assembly strategies were exploited to decorate wild‐type TMV (tobacco mosaic virus) 1D nanoscaffolds with a totally inorganic, multiredox, tetraruthenate complex belonging to the class of polyoxometalate catalysts. The hybrid capsids give rise to an entangled network of fibrils and ribbon‐like nanoassemblies, whose functional activity was probed towards H2O2 dismutation in neutral water. Combined solid‐state and surface characterization evidence, including Z‐potential, electronic microscopy, thermogravimetry and XPS, delineate a favorable tunability of the nanohybrid material as a function of the added cationic binder.
Revisiting the 7‐Phospanorbornene Family: New P‐Alkyl Derivatives
Authors: Kovács Tamara , Fülöp Laura Sz. , Mucsi Zoltán , Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Czugler Mátyás , Keglevich György 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTA series of 1‐alkyl‐3‐methyl‐2,5‐dihydro‐1H‐phosphole oxides were converted to the corresponding phosphole oxides that, by the Diels–Alder reaction with N‐maleimide derivatives or with another unit of phosphole oxide, yielded trapped phosphole oxides or phosphole oxide dimers, respectively, as new 7‐phosphanorbornene 7‐oxides. The stereostructures of three derivatives were evaluated by single crystal X‐ray analysis. The regio‐ and stereospecific dimerization was studied by B3LYP/6‐31G(d,p) quantum chemical calculations, whose results were in accord with syntheses. Novel mechanistic features were explored. The geometrical data obtained by single crystal X‐ray analysis validated the results of quantum chemical calculations, as the deviation was less than 3%.
Persistent benefits of slow titration of paroxetine in a six‐month follow‐up
Authors: Olgiati Paolo , Serretti Alessandro 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveParoxetine titration may be difficult in older individuals as they are more sensitive to side effects. The current study extends to 6 months our previously published report in which paroxetine was started at 2.5 mg/day and slowly increased by 2.5 mg on alternate days (slow titration) or rapidly titrated to target dose from 10 mg/day (standard titration) in a naturalistic setting.MethodsHere, the follow‐up period was extended to 26 weeks. We performed an intent‐to‐treat analysis of 47 subjects from the original sample (major depressive disorder and/or generalized anxiety disorder (GAD); >60 years of age). Missing evaluations were replaced by last observations carried forward. GAD was included as a stratification factor.ResultsPatients in whom paroxetine was slowly up‐titrated were more likely to remit (84.0% vs 54.5%; p = 0.028) and had lower core depression (p = 0.0015) and psychic anxiety levels (p = 0.006) after 26 weeks. Dropout rate was 20% in the slow titration group compared with 77.3% in the standard titration arm (p < 0.001). Patients with GAD accounted for all significant associations. No substantial differences were reported between slow and standard titration groups in the subsample without GAD.ConclusionsDespite some limitations, these findings suggest that paroxetine treatment should be started at lower doses in older depressed patients and slowly up‐titrated. This strategy would allow to increase antidepressant response and the likelihood of completing treatment cycle in patients with high anxiety levels and GAD comorbidity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An example of population-level risk assessments for small mammals using individual-based population models
Authors: Schmitt Walter , Auteri Domenica , Bastiansen Finn , Ebeling Markus , Liu Chun , Luttik Robert , Mastitsky Sergey , Nacci Diane , Topping Chris , Wang Magnus 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This article presents a case study demonstrating the application of 3 individual-based, spatially explicit population models (IBMs, also known as agent-based models) in ecological risk assessments to predict long-term effects of a pesticide to populations of small mammals. The 3 IBMs each used a hypothetical fungicide (FungicideX) in different scenarios: spraying in cereals (common vole, Microtus arvalis), spraying in orchards (field vole, Microtus agrestis), and cereal seed treatment (wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus). Each scenario used existing model landscapes, which differed greatly in size and structural complexity. The toxicological profile of FungicideX was defined so that the deterministic long-term first tier risk assessment would result in high risk to small mammals, thus providing the opportunity to use the IBMs for risk assessment refinement (i.e., higher tier risk assessment). Despite differing internal model design and scenarios, results indicated in all 3 cases low population sensitivity unless FungicideX was applied at very high (×10) rates. Recovery from local population impacts was generally fast. Only when patch extinctions occured in simulations of intentionally high acute toxic effects, recovery periods, then determined by recolonization, were of any concern. Conclusions include recommendations for the most important input considerations, including the selection of exposure levels, duration of simulations, statistically robust number of replicates, and endpoints to report. However, further investigation and agreement are needed to develop recommendations for landscape attributes such as size, structure, and crop rotation to define appropriate regulatory risk assessment scenarios. Overall, the application of IBMs provides multiple advantages to higher tier ecological risk assessments for small mammals, including consistent and transparent direct links to specific protection goals, and the consideration of more realistic scenarios. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2016;12:46–57. © 2015 SETAC
Key Points
The applicability of spatially explicit, individual-based population models for small mammal risk assessments for plant protection products was demonstrated. Recommendations were developed for how to use the models for risk assessments and how to evaluate the simulation results. Results of example risk assessments indicated that even with conservative settings the modelling approach will lead to risk refinements, compared to standard risk assessments.
Therapeutic effects of intra‐articular ultra‐purified low endotoxin alginate administration on an experimental canine osteoarthritis model
Authors: Tsukuda Yukinori , Onodera Tomohiro , Ito Masayuki , Izumisawa Yasuharu , Kasahara Yasuhiko , Igarashi Tatsuya , Ohzawa Nobuo , Todoh Masahiro , Tadano Shigeru , Iwasaki Norimasa 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to elucidate the therapeutic effects of intra‐articular administration of ultra‐purified low endotoxin alginate (UPLE‐alginate) on osteoarthritis (OA) using a canine anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) model.Design:We used 20 beagle dogs. ACLT was performed on the left knee of each dog and a sham operation was performed on the right knee as a control. All animals were randomly divided into the control (saline) and therapeutic (UPLE‐alginate) groups. Animals in the control and therapeutic groups received weekly injections with 0.7 mL normal saline or 0.7 mL 0.5% UPLE‐alginate, respectively, from 0 to 3 weeks after ACLT or sham operation. At 9 weeks after ACLT, the knee joints of all animals were observed using arthroscopy. All animals were euthanized at 14 weeks after ACLT and evaluated using morphologic assessment, histologic assessment, and biomechanical testing.Results:Arthroscopic findings showed intact cartilage surface in both groups. Morphologic findings in the therapeutic group showed milder degeneration compared with those of the control group, but there were no significant differences between groups. Histologic scores of the medial femoral condyle (MFC) and lateral femoral condyle (LFC) were better in the therapeutic group than the control group (MFC:p = 0.009, LFC:p = 0.009). Joint lubrication did not differ significantly between groups.Conclusion:Intra‐articular administration of UPLE‐alginate in the early stage of OA slowed disease progression in canines. UPLE‐alginate may have potential as a therapeutic agent for OA patients and reduce the number of patients who need to undergo total joint arthroplasty. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 3441–3448, 2015.
Mice Deficient in AKAP13 (BRX) Are Osteoporotic and Have Impaired Osteogenesis
Authors: Koide Hisashi , Holmbeck Kenn , Lui Julian C , Guo Xiaoxiao C , Driggers Paul , Chu Tiffany , Tatsuno Ichiro , Quaglieri Caroline , Kino Tomoshige , Baron Jeffrey , Young Marian F , Robey Pamela G , Segars James H 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Mechanical stimulation is crucial to bone growth and triggers osteogenic differentiation through a process involving Rho and protein kinase A. We previously cloned a gene (AKAP13, aka BRX) encoding a protein kinase A-anchoring protein in the N-terminus, a guanine nucleotide-exchange factor for RhoA in the mid-section, coupled to a carboxyl region that binds to estrogen and glucocorticoid nuclear receptors. Because of the critical role of Rho, estrogen, and glucocorticoids in bone remodeling, we examined the multifunctional role of Akap13. Akap13 was expressed in bone, and mice haploinsufficient for Akap13 (Akap13+/–) displayed reduced bone mineral density, reduced bone volume/total volume, and trabecular number, and increased trabecular spacing; resembling the changes observed in osteoporotic bone. Consistent with the osteoporotic phenotype, Colony forming unit-fibroblast numbers were diminished in Akap13+/– mice, as were osteoblast numbers and extracellular matrix production when compared to control littermates. Transcripts of Runx2, an essential transcription factor for the osteogenic lineage, and alkaline phosphatase (Alp), an indicator of osteogenic commitment, were both reduced in femora of Akap13+/– mice. Knockdown of Akap13 reduced levels of Runx2 and Alp transcripts in immortalized bone marrow stem cells. These findings suggest that Akap13 haploinsufficient mice have a deficiency in early osteogenesis with a corresponding reduction in osteoblast number, but no impairment of mature osteoblast activity. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.