bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single-dose TB-402 or rivaroxaban for the prevention of venous thromboembolism after total hip replacement
Authors: Gunn Sophie , Sonesson Elisabeth , Peerlinck Kathelijne , Vanassche Thomas , Vandenbriele Christophe , Ageno Walter , Glazer Steven , Prins Martin , Buller Harry , Tangelder Marco , Verhamme Peter 
Published: April 2013

SummaryTB-402 is a long-acting monoclonal antibody that partially inhibits factor VIII. A single administration of TB-402 was effective and well-tolerated for the prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after total knee replacement. In this study, the efficacy and safety of a single administration of TB-402 for the extended prophylaxis of VTE after total hip replacement (THR) was investigated. This was a phase II, randomised, active-controlled, double-blind study that included patients undergoing elective THR surgery. Patients were randomised to TB-402 25 mg or TB-402 50 mg, administered as a single intravenous administration 2–4 hours postoperatively, or to rivaroxaban 10 mg once daily for 35 days. The primary efficacy outcome was total VTE defined as symptomatic VTE and asymptomatic deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) detected by bilateral venography at day 35. The principal safety outcome was the incidence of major bleeding and clinically relevant non-major bleeding until day 35. Total VTE was similar in all groups: 5.3% (95%CI 2.9–9.6), 5.2% (95%CI 2.8–9.3) and 4.7% (95%CI 2.5–8.7) for TB-402 25 mg, TB-402 50 mg and rivaroxaban, respectively. All were asymptomatic DVTs. Major or clinically relevant non-major bleedings were observed in 5.8% (95%CI 3.3–9.9), 7.2% (95%CI 4.4–11.6) and 1.4% (95%CI 0.5–4.2) for TB-402 25 mg, TB-402 50 mg and rivaroxaban, respectively. In conclusion, TB-402, administered as a single postoperative dose, had a similar efficacy compared to rivaroxaban for the prevention of VTE after THR. The incidence of major and clinically relevant non-major bleeding was higher in the TB-402 groups than in the rivaroxaban group.
Reconsidering the Black-White Disparity in Federal Performance Ratings
Authors: Baxter Gregory W. 
Published: April 2013

The Office of Personnel Management and Merit Systems Protection Board attribute race disparities in federal employee performance ratings to rater bias. Those claims ignore research findings, particularly meta-analyses, consistently showing Black workers exhibiting worse absenteeism and other Organizational Delinquency Behaviors (ODB). Research also consistently shows Blacks scoring lower than others on objective measures of job knowledge, work quantity and quality, and on work-sample tests. Research on rater race effects does not support claims that White supervisors rate Whites higher and Black supervisors rate Blacks higher. Generally, all raters rate Whites higher and Blacks lower, as predicted by the data on objective performance and ODB. Consistently, the Black-White ratings gap is narrower when raters' subjective ratings substitute for, or are combined with, objective performance measures. Finally, the paper proposes a practical stepwise approach for applying recent research findings to allegations of rater racial bias in federal and other public agencies.
It's Time to Come Clean: Open the AFL-CIO Archives on International Labor Operations
Authors: Scipes Kim 
Published: April 2013

This article discusses the two general approaches to foreign affairs taken by the AFL-CIO since 1962, considering foreign policy under Presi dents George Meany and Lane Kirkland (1962-95), and comparing them to the emerging foreign policy of President John Sweeney (since 1995). Central to this article is a detailed examination of the U.S. attack against Chilean President Salvador Allende between 1970-73. Particular attention is paid to the crucial role played by the AFL-CIO's American Institute for Free Labor Development (AIFLD) in destabilizing the economy and causing social turmoil that preceded the violent military coup against Allende on September 11, 1973. This article argues the need to expand the Sweeney approach, while recognizing that what has already been achieved is a major advance over the traditional efforts. Debating foreign policy openly in the Federation's unions, and opening the AFL-CIO archives on its foreign operations, especially those in Chile, are suggested as immediate steps that should be taken in efforts to build a worker-supportive foreign policy.
The impact of smoking cessation on schizophrenia and major depression
Authors: Ragg Mark , Gordon Rebecca , Ahmed Tanya , Allan John 
Published: April 2013

Objective: This review sought to determine whether quitting smoking behaviour places people with a history of schizophrenia or major depression at risk of worsening symptoms or relapse. Method: Literature searches of Embase, MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library and PsycINFO. Results: Six studies involving 735 people diagnosed with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or psychotic disorder did not find significant change in mental health status after quitting smoking. Five out of six studies involving 1,293 people with a history of major depression did not find an increased risk of depression with abstinence from smoking, while one study did. Two of these studies found an improvement in depressive symptoms among quitters. Conclusions: There is no published evidence to support the hypothesis that quitting smoking is harmful to the mental health of people with schizophrenia. Smoking cessation does not appear to place smokers with a history of major depression at increased risk of worsening symptoms nor relapse, and may even improve their mood. Psychiatrists and other mental health professionals should provide their patients with the same level of support to quit smoking that is given to the rest of the population.
Insomnia in Patients With Advanced Cancer
Authors: Davis Mellar P. , Khoshknabi Dilara , Walsh Declan , Lagman Ruth , Platt Alexandra 
Published: April 2013

Introduction: Insomnia is underrecognized in patients with cancer. By identifying clinical correlations and predisposing factors of insomnia, interventions may be initiated to treat insomnia. Methods: Consecutive patients referred to palliative medicine services were screened with a single question. Patients answering affirmatively completed the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Patients were screened for depression, fatigue, and pain. Spearman correlation was performed for associations. Results: Of 715 consecutive patients, 102 had sleep problems and 64 had clinical insomnia by the ISI criteria. Insomnia correlated with depression ( r = .32), pain ( r = .29), and tiredness ( r = .40) but not with age or precipitating factors. Discussion: Insomnia severity moderately correlates with depression, pain, and tiredness. We found no association of insomnia severity with age or medications. Conclusion: Insomnia, pain, depression, and tiredness are a symptom cluster.
Experiential Education and Empowerment Evaluation: Mars Rover Educational Program Case Example
Authors: Fetterman David , Bowman Cassie 
Published: April 2013

Experiential education and empowerment evaluation are in alignment conceptually and in practice. They represent mutually reinforcing educational tools with similar values. The purpose of this discussion is to present the basics of this evaluation approach and demonstrate how user-friendly it was in a recent evaluation of an experiential program. Empowerment evaluation is the use of evaluation concepts, techniques, and findings to foster improvement and self-determination. Program participants conduct their own evaluations with the assistance of an evaluator. Empowerment evaluation has been adopted in a wide array of settings, including tribal reservations, inner city schools, higher education, non-profit programs, and the Environmental Protection Agency. An experiential education program designed to mirror an end-to-end mission on Mars, called LAPIS, is the case example used to highlight the steps and illustrate the effectiveness of empowerment evaluation in experiential education. This case demonstrates how empowerment evaluation is a natural match for experiential education programs.
The Rites of Passage and Outdoor Education: Critical Concerns for Effective Programming
Authors: Bell Brent 
Published: April 2013

Rites of passage practices have caught the attention of educators seeking better methods of teaching adolescents. The fascination with the rites of passage model (ROP) is especially strong among outdoor educators. Once Van Gennep (1960) defined the rites of passage, a three-stage system of social transformation mediating role changes in a community, anthropologists were able to observe his social conception throughout all cultures. Outdoor educators have demonstrated interest in framing outdoor programs as rites of passage because of the structural similarities between outdoor programs and Van Gennep's first and second stages of a rite of passage. While the ROP model has similarities to outdoor programs, the model is generally ineffective in most contemporary contexts because of challenges associated with the third stage of the ROP model. It is important for outdoor programs to understand these challenges prior to investing effort into using ROP models to achieve expected lasting benefits. Most outdoor adventure programs use a Contemporary Adventure Model to mediate change, a fundamentally different rite of passage from the classic anthropological model. Outdoor educators need to decide among three choices with a ROP: abandon the ROP framework based upon a lack of goal congruence, follow a classic model and answer the many challenges the model brings with it, or follow a contemporary adventure model while cognizant of the model's weaknesses.
Hands-Off Leadership and Multicultural Programs
Authors: Sarbeck Craig 
Published: April 2013

A small circle of young women sat in the warm mid-winter sun deep in the Central Kalahari of Botswana. Russian, American and Batswana, they were part of a multicultural program which had assembled a few days earlier. The facilitator was encouraging a discussion of issues of importance to women. The American women, always quick to speak, suggested discussing abortion, a highly charged topic that, to them, clearly symbolized women's issues around the world. However, to the Russians, abortion was not an issue. It was simply an accepted form of birth control. One young woman had already had two. To the Batswana, abortion was not an issue. It was inconceivable that anyone would ever abort a child. So it was left to the Americans to explain why it is a sharply divisive issue in their country, and to try to engender a conversation about something that was at best a curiosity to the other women. The two of us had been sitting for hours, waiting in the car on a dark roadside north of Gaborone, Botswana, watching the constellations wheel slowly over the silent land. We were looking for a bus from Harare, Zimbabwe that was supposed to arrive sometime around 6 p.m. It had been coming three times a week for years, but nobody seemed to know where it was going to stop on any given day, so we had decided to try intercepting it. Not only that, the Russians we were expecting may not have even made it to Harare as far as we knew. Finally, well past midnight, a bus roared by and we took chase. At the first stop, somewhere in Gaborone, we ran to the door of the bus and found five smiling Russians stepping off. “How was it?” I asked Elena Sadovnikova, their irrepressible leader. “Well, we forgot about visas for Botswana and they refused us at the border. But African bureaucracy is no match for a Russian. Once again, bureaucracy struggled against Elena and lost!”
Perspectives: Adding Organization Development to the EBTD Toolbox
Authors: Kolb David C. 
Published: April 2013

The phone rings. You answer in your best phone voice: “ACME Experienced-Based Training and Development, how may I help you?” The caller excitedly begins. “A friend of mine did your ropes course experience with her company and really enjoyed it. We need a team building program. What do you have to offer?”
An Investigation into Instructor Effectiveness
Authors: Phipps Maurice L. , Claxton David B. 
Published: April 2013

Instructor effectiveness was investigated at Nantahala Outdoor Center (NOC). The importance of effectiveness in instruction has recently been stressed to enable safe progression in skill acquisition in adventure activities as well as to prevent miseducative experiences. Instructor effectiveness was measured using a questionnaire that was developed using constructs from experiential and physical education theories. The results showed high levels of instruction at NOC. The instrument did discriminate between more and less effective instructors as perceived by students even though overall scores were high—some instructors were scoring consistently higher than others. The differences were true for all the different sub sections of the questionnaire which included structure, communication, perception, motivation, arousal levels, feedback, group processing, action/practice, and leadership. On average the female instructors scored higher on the questionnaire than the male instructors not only with total scores on the questionnaire, but on all sub-sections except the action/practice sub-section. A corresponding check sheet was developed as a result of the research to match the questionnaire for use by instructors as a way for them to remember to include the various aspects of instruction and to use with the questionnaire as a perception check. Although there were differences in instructor effectiveness between the different types of clinics taught at NOC (kayak, canoe, etc.), the results were not statistically significant. Information in the form of comments from individuals and researchers that attended the clinics provided information in detail on an array of topics. Themes that emerged from this qualitative information are summarized to provide information that could assist possible future developments in instructor training for NOC or other centers teaching adventure activities.
Risk Management: An International Perspective
Authors: Garvey Daniel 
Published: April 2013

If an organization had a catastrophic incident in a foreign country where one or several participants were seriously hurt or had died, would the organization know what to do? What should have been done to reduce the chance of such an incident? What should be done at the moment of the incident? What steps must be taken after the immediate crisis is over? This article focuses on the unique risks and safety challenges of conducting adventure programming in foreign countries. It attempts to examine a few of the policies and practices that might be considered as programs operate internationally.
Lanthanum Carbonate Delays Progression of Coronary Artery Calcification Compared With Calcium-Based Phosphate Binders in Patients on Hemodialysis
Authors: Ohtake Takayasu , Kobayashi Shuzo , Oka Machiko , Furuya Rei , Iwagami Masao , Tsutsumi Daimu , Mochida Yasuhiro , Maesato Kyoko , Ishioka Kunihiro , Moriya Hidekazu , Hidaka Sumi 
Published: April 2013

Background and Objectives: Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is associated with future cardiovascular events and/or death of patients on hemodialysis (HD). We investigated whether progression of CAC in patients on HD could be delayed by switching from a calcium (Ca)-based phosphate (Pi) binder to lanthanum carbonate. Design, Setting, Participants, and Measurements: The CAC scores were evaluated at study enrollment and after 6 months in 52 patients on HD using calcium carbonate (CC) as a Pi binder. Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups assigned to receive either CC or lanthanum carbonate (LC), and the CAC scores were evaluated after a 6-month treatment period. Progression of CAC was assessed, as were serum levels of Ca, Pi, and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH). Results: Forty-two patients completed the study (23 receiving CC and 19 receiving LC). In the 6 months prior to randomization, all patients were treated with CC. During this 6-month period, the CAC scores increased significantly in all 42 patients. Once randomized, there was significantly less progression in the group treated with LC than with CC. Changes in CAC scores from 6 to 12 months were significantly smaller in the LC group than the CC group (−288.9 ± 1176.4 vs 107.1 ± 559.6, P = .036), and percentage changes were also significantly different (−6.4% vs 41.2%, P = .024). Serum Ca, Pi, and iPTH levels were similar in both groups during the study period. Conclusions: This pilot study suggested that LC delayed progression of CAC in patients on HD compared with CC.
Monitoring of Unfractionated Heparin Using Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time
Authors: Kim Je Sang , Lee Hyun Jong , Sung Ji Dong , Kim Hee-Jin , Lee Soo-Youn , Kim June Soo 
Published: April 2013

Background: We frequently encounter high levels of activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) during heparin anticoagulation. The purpose of this study is, first, to investigate the rate of achieving and maintaining therapeutic aPTT in patients treated with heparin anticoagulation and second, to assess the adequacy the current nomogram. Methods: We included 197 patients who underwent anticoagulation with unfractionated heparin (UFH) according to the standard nomogram between September 2008 and May 2010. The primary endpoints were the rate of achieving a therapeutic range (TR) at the first sample, 24 hours, or 48 hours. We also compared heparin nomograms according to age (<70 years vs ≥70years). Results: Of the 197 patients, 131 had heparin loading. In the heparin loading group, there were 19.1% (n=25), 69.5% (n=91), and 90.1% (n=18) achieving TR at the first aPTT, 24 hours, and 48 hours, respectively. The therapeutic aPTT proportion was 39.2%, and the rate of peak level above 90 seconds was 93.1%. Peak levels of aPTT were higher in the older age group than in the younger age group (202.3 ± 124.2 versus 152.0 ± 78.9, p=0.007). Conclusion: Our results indicate a high rate of achieving therapeutic aPTT at 24hous and 48hours, but a low success rate for maintenance within the TR. Most patients had supratherapeutic aPTT of more than 90 seconds. Therefore, the TR of aPTT that matches heparin levels of 0.3 to 0.7 IU/mL measured by antifactor Xa assay should be determined. If not, we should consider adopting a new heparin dosing nomogram.
Spirometry: step by step
Authors: Moore V.C. 
Published: April 2013

Educational aimsTo give an overview of what spirometry is, how to perform it and how to interpret it.To discuss the quality criteria to produce acceptable and reproducible results.To discuss the use of spirometry in the workplace.SummarySpirometry is easy to perform once trained and can be performed anywhere. It is useful for detecting early change and disease progression. Quality is important to ensure useful and reproducible results, otherwise results may be incorrectly interpreted. Training from a reputable centre should be undertaken to ensure the measures are understood as well as how to get the best results out of the patient.
A bright single-cell resolution live imaging reporter of Notch signaling in the mouse
Authors: Nowotschin Sonja , Xenopoulos Panagiotis , Schrode Nadine , Hadjantonakis Anna-Katerina 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Background
Live imaging provides an essential methodology for understanding complex and dynamic cell behaviors and their underlying molecular mechanisms. Genetically-encoded reporter expressing mouse strains are an important tool for use in live imaging experiments. Such reporter strains can be engineered by placing cis-regulatory elements of interest to direct the expression of desired reporter genes. If these cis-regulatory elements are downstream targets, and thus activated as a consequence of signaling pathway activation, such reporters can provide read-outs of the signaling status of a cell. The Notch signaling pathway is an evolutionary conserved pathway operating in multiple developmental processes as well as being the basis for several congenital diseases. The transcription factor CBF1 is a central evolutionarily conserved component of the Notch signaling pathway. It binds the active form of the Notch receptor (NICD) and subsequently binds to cis-regulatory regions (CBF1 binding sites) in the promoters of Notch responsive genes. In this way, CBF1 binding sites represent a good target for the design of a Notch signaling reporter.

Results
To generate a single-cell resolution Notch signaling reporter, we used a CBF responsive element to direct the expression of a nuclear-localized fluorescent protein. To do this, we linked 4 copies of a consensus CBF1 binding site to the basal simian virus 40 (SV40) promoter, placed this cassette in front of a fluorescent protein fusion comprising human histone H2B linked to the yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) Venus, one of the brightest available YFPs. We used the CBF:H2B-Venus construct to generate both transgenic embryonic mouse stem (ES) cell lines and a strain of transgenic mice that would report Notch signaling activity.

Conclusion
By using multiple CBF1 binding sites together with a subcellular-localized, genetically-encoded fluorescent protein, H2B-Venus, we have generated a transgenic strain of mice that faithfully recapitulates Notch signaling at single-cell resolution. This is the first mouse reporter strain in which individual cells transducing a Notch signal can be visualized. The improved resolution of this reporter makes it ideal for live imaging developmental processes regulated by the Notch signaling pathway as well as a short-term lineage tracer of Notch expressing cells due to the perdurance of the fluorescent reporter. Taken together, the CBF:H2B-Venus mouse strain is a unique tool to study and understand the morphogenetic events regulated by the Notch signaling pathway.
Ectopic expression of AtPAD4broadens resistance of soybean to soybean cyst and root-knot nematodes
Authors: Youssef Reham M , MacDonald Margaret H , Brewer Eric P , Bauchan Gary R , Kim Kyung-Hwan , Matthews Benjamin F 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Background
The gene encoding PAD4 (PHYTOALEXIN-DEFICIENT4) is required in Arabidopsis for expression of several genes involved in the defense response to Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola. AtPAD4 (Arabidopsis thaliana PAD4) encodes a lipase-like protein that plays a regulatory role mediating salicylic acid signaling.

Results
We expressed the gene encoding AtPAD4 in soybean roots of composite plants to test the ability of AtPAD4 to deter plant parasitic nematode development. The transformed roots were challenged with two different plant parasitic nematode genera represented by soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines) and root-knot nematode (RKN; Meloidogyne incognita). Expression of AtPAD4 in soybean roots decreased the number of mature SCN females 35 days after inoculation by 68 percent. Similarly, soybean roots expressing AtPAD4 exhibited 77 percent fewer galls when challenged with RKN.

Conclusions
Our experiments show that AtPAD4 can be used in an economically important crop, soybean, to provide a measure of resistance to two different genera of nematodes.