bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neutrinos from the Early Universe and physics beyond standard models
Authors: Kirilova Daniela 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Neutrino oscillations present the only robust example of experimentally detected physics beyond the standard model. This review discusses the established and several hypothetical beyond standard models neutrino characteristics and their cosmological effects and constraints. Particularly, the contemporary cosmological constraints on the number of neutrino families, neutrino mass differences and mixing, lepton asymmetry in the neutrino sector, neutrino masses, light sterile neutrino are briefly reviewed.
Raman modes in transferred bilayer CVD graphene
Authors: Niilisk Ahti , Kahro Tauno , Kiisk Valter , Rähn Mihkel , Alles Harry , Aarik Jaan , Sammelselg Väino 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
A systematic experimental Raman spectroscopic study of twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG) domains localized inside wide-area single layer graphene (SLG) produced by low-pressure CVD on Cu foil and transferred onto SiO2/Si substrate has been performed. According to the Raman characterization the tBLG domains had a great variety of twisting angles θ between the bottom and top graphene layers (6° < θ < 25°). The twisting angle θ was estimated from the spectral position of the rotating R and R' modes in the Raman spectrum.Under G band resonance conditions the breathing mode ZO' with a frequency of 95- 97 cm−1 was detected, and a breathing mode ZO was found in the spectra between 804 cm−1 and 836 cm−1, its position depending on the twisting angle θ. An almost linear relationship was found between the frequencies ωZO and ωR. Also a few other spectral peculiarities were found, e.g. a high-energy excitation of the G band resonance, the 2G overtone appearing at 3170-3180 cm−1 by the G band resonance, revealing a linear dispersion of 80 cm−1/eV of the 2D band in tBLG
Synthesis of alumina 99Mo-molybdate(VI) gel matrices and evaluation of 99mTc elution performance
Authors: El-Absy M. A. , El-Garhy M. A. , Fasih T. W. , El-Amir M. A. , Ramadan H. E. , El-Shahat M. F. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Synthesis of a novel alumina 99Mo-molybdate(VI) gel matrix of high Mo(VI) content and reproducible separation indices of
the generated 99mTc radionuclde are described and briefly discussed. Similar mixture solutes of aluminate and low
specific activity 99Mo-molybdate(VI) anions in concentrated NaOH are prepared. Then, the solutes are acidified with
concentrated HCl, HNO3 and/or H2SO4 at pH 9.5–4.5. Physico-chemical investigations indicate that
molybdate(VI) anions are strongly adsorbed onto in situ-precipitated pseudoboehmite from acidic solutions than from basic
solutions. The maximum adsorption % of 99Mo (167 mg Mo/g matrix dried at 50 ℃) is achieved from the
nitrate solution at pH 5.5. Separation of 99mTc from the corresponding gel matrix with physiological saline solution
exhibits high elution yield with a narrow elution profile and radionuclidic, radiochemical and chemical purity indices comparable with
99mTc eluates from 99Mo/99mTc generators prepared by loading alumina with fission
99Mo.
On the Suitability and Validity of “Reference Electrolyte” Method for the Determination of Single Ion Thermodynamic Properties in Solutions
Authors: Lahiri Sujit Chandra , Dey Bishnu Pada , Sharma Kakali 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Much advocated and supposed to be best method for the determination of
the Gibbs energies of single ions in any solvent or Gibbs energies of
transfer of single ions between two solvents (true for other
thermodynamic properties as well) is based on thermodynamics of
“reference electrolyte” TATB
(tetraphenylarsoniumtetraphenylborate). TATB, composed of
isoelectrical counter ions (TA+-tetraphenylarsonium ion
Ph4As+ and TB
–
-tetraphenylborate BPh4

–
) with
large hydrophobic groups of equal radii, has been assumed to have
identical Gibbs energies of solvation in any solvent and hence can be
split equally to get i) Gibbs energies of single ions in any solvent
and ii) Gibbs energies of transfer of single ions between two
solvents.
However, all the extrathermodynamic methods including “reference
electrolyte” method for the determination of single ion thermodynamic
values, based on Born or modified Born equations and ionic additivity
principles are defective and invalid from theoretical and practical
points of view. All the single ion values in the literature are thus
unreliable. Moreover, different theoretical and experimental facts
make “Ph4AsBPh4” unsuitable for equal division of
the Gibbs energies (in a solvent) or Gibbs energies of transfer
(between two solvents) of the reference electrolyte into single ion
values as reference standard to give single ion values of other
ions. Single ion thermodynamic values in any solvent or between two
solvents are illusive and only the electrical components of the single
ions can be determined but not without limitations.
The Internal Network Dynamics of Poly(NIPAM) Based Copolymer Micro- and Macrogels: A Comparative Neutron Spin-Echo Study
Authors: Hertle Yvonne , Zeiser Michael , Fouquet Peter , Maccarini Marco , Hellweg Thomas 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Microgels are generally synthesised above the lower critical solution
temperature (LCST) of the used polymer
(poly(N-isopropyl-acrylamide)(PNIPAM) in the present case)
and there is evidence that, due to the “bad” solvent conditions and
due to the differences in reactivity between the monomers and the
crosslinker, an inhomogeneous crosslinker distribution in the network
is created. In contrast, macrogels are statistically crosslinked,
because they are polymerised below the LCST (good solvent
conditions). With the neutron spin-echo (NSE) technique, the diffusion
of the polymer network on a local length scale can be studied. Due to
essentially different crosslinker distributions in the micro- and
macrogels, a difference in the collective diffusion of the network
could be expected. However, the measured intermediate scattering
functions of the studied micro- and macrogel are similar and can both
be described by a single exponential decay without a q-dependent
baseline. Hence, both systems behave pseudo-ergodically on the length
scale available in the NSE experiment. A determination of the
diffusion coefficient of the breathing mode D

G
of the gel network
and the dynamic correlation length ξ leads to comparable values
for the homologous micro- and macrogels. The studied microgels
contain butenoic acid as comonomer and also the pH dependence of the
network dynamics is investigated.
45 Years of Simultaneous Le Fort III and Le Fort I Osteotomies: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Brown Matthew S. , Okada Haruko , Valiathan Manish , Lakin Gregory E. 
Published: October 2014

Objective To review and collectively summarize our knowledge of simultaneous Le Fort III and Le Fort I osteotomies. Design A PubMed search using “Le Fort III,” “simultaneous Le Fort III and Le Fort I,” “combined Le Fort III and Le Fort I,” “dual midface,” and “segmental midface” was performed. Articles with relevant abstracts were obtained for formal review. A new case of simultaneous Le Fort III and Le Fort I is presented to describe and discuss specific operative indications and surgical decisions. Results There were 14 articles that met inclusion criteria with reports of simultaneous Le Fort III and Le Fort I osteotomies. A total of 20 cases were present in the literature. No major complications were reported. We performed combined Le Fort III with Le Fort I osteotomies in a 25-year-old patient with Crouzon syndrome who had undergone a previous Le Fort III at the age of 4 years. The patient tolerated the procedure well, and postoperatively, her exophthalmos and class III malocclusion were corrected. Conclusions Simultaneous Le Fort III and Le Fort I can correct differential upper and lower midface hypoplasia and is a well-tolerated procedure in the mature facial skeleton. This systematic review improves our understanding of the surgical technique and indications for a procedure that can correct complex midfacial deformities.
Abnormal Variations in the Facial Soft Tissues of Individuals with down Syndrome: Sudan versus Italy
Authors: Sforza Chiarella , Dolci Claudia , Dellavia Claudia , Gibelli Daniele M. , Tartaglia Gianluca M. , Elamin Fadil 
Published: October 2014

Objective To provide quantitative information about the facial soft tissue of Italian and Northern Sudanese subjects with Down syndrome by using summary anthropometric measurements. Design, Setting, and Patients The three-dimensional coordinates of soft tissue facial landmarks were obtained using a computerized digitizer in 54 Italian subjects with Down syndrome (20 females and 34 males, 13 to 52 years), in 64 Northern Sudanese subjects with Down syndrome (18 females and 46 males, 5 to 34 years), and in 578 Italian and 653 Northern Sudanese reference subjects, matched for sex and age. From the landmarks, 16 facial dimensions were calculated. Data from subjects with Down syndrome were compared with those collected from control individuals by computing z scores. Two summary anthropometric measurements for quantifying craniofacial variations were obtained: the mean z score (an index of overall facial size) and its standard deviation, the craniofacial variability index (an index of facial harmony). Results In subjects with Down syndrome, facial size was significantly smaller and craniofacial variability was significantly greater than in typically developed individuals; 93% of Italian and 81% of Northern Sudanese subjects with Down syndrome had one or both values outside the normal interval. Overall, Italian subjects with Down syndrome differed more from the norm than did those from Northern Sudan. In the Northern Sudanese subjects, the mean z scores and the craniofacial variability index were significantly influenced by age: Older Northern Sudanese subjects with Down syndrome had smaller mean z scores and craniofacial variability index values than younger subjects. Conclusions The two ethnic groups had different alterations in their soft tissue facial dimensions that were partially influenced by age.
The 100 Most-Cited Human Cleft Lip and Palate–Related Articles Published in Dentistry, Oral Surgery, and Medicine Journals
Authors: Christou Panagiotis , Antonarakis Gregory S. 
Published: October 2014

Objective To identify the 100 most-cited articles pertaining to human cleft lip and palate research published in dentistry, oral surgery, and medicine journals and to identify their principal bibliometric characteristics. Design Web-based bibliometric analysis. Main Outcome Measure The Web of Science was searched to identify the 100 most-cited clinical articles related to cleft lip and/or palate. Information was extracted with regard to total number of citations, number of authors, affiliations, year, and journal of publication, Medical Subject Headings, type of study, specific area of study. Trends in citations were assessed. Results The 100 most-cited articles identified received between 437 and 58 citations. The oldest was published in 1954 and the most recent in 2008. The number of authors ranged from 1 to 12, with an average of three authors per article. Most of the first authors were affiliated with institutions in the United States, with the most prolific institution being the University of Iowa. More than 70% of the studies appeared in The Cleft Palate–Craniofacial Journal. There was a significant negative correlation between average citations per year and time since publication ( P < .001); whereas, a significant positive correlation was observed between average citations per year and number of total citations ( P < .001). Conclusions The 100 most-cited articles in human cleft lip and palate research published in dentistry, oral surgery, and medicine journals are listed and characterized. This can be used as a potential knowledge base for specialists in training or to produce relevant knowledge defining the direction of future research.
Premaxillary Distraction Osteogenesis Using an Intraoral Appliance for Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: Case Report
Authors: Terbish Munkhdulam , Choi Hye-Young , Park Young-Chel , Yi Choong Kook , Cha Jung-Yul 
Published: October 2014

Objective Premaxillary distraction osteogenesis was introduced using intraoral devices to correct maxillary hypoplasia and lengthen the alveolar bone horizontally in a patient with unilateral cleft lip and palate. Methods For premaxillary distraction osteogenesis, Le Fort I osteotomy was performed. Vertical osteotomy lines were located distally of the upper right canine and left first premolar to separate the anterior segment of the maxilla. After a 7-day latency period, distraction was allowed to continue for 20 days at a rate of 0.5 mm/d, followed by a 3-month consolidation period. After consolidation, orthodontic treatment and bilateral intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy were performed for the mandibular setback. The implant and prosthodontic treatments were applied to the alveolar ridge area created by the distraction osteogenesis. Results The A-point moved 8.0 mm forward during the distraction osteogenesis period, and the recurrence rate was 25% after the retention period. The transverse dimension of the upper arch was expanded during orthodontic treatment. The quality of the alveolar bone created by distraction osteogenesis was acceptable for the prosthodontic implant. Conclusions Premaxillary distraction osteogenesis and arch expansion is an effective treatment strategy, improving function, aesthetics, and stability for cleft patients with multiple missing teeth.
Bone Demineralization With Citric Acid Enhances Adhesion and Spreading of Preosteoblasts
Authors: de Rezende Maria Lúcia R , Coesta Pedro T.G. , de Oliveira Rodrigo C. , Salmeron Samira , Sant'Ana Adriana C.P. , Damante Carla A. , Greghi Sebastião L.A. , Consolaro Alberto 
Published: October 2014

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that bone demineralization can improve consolidation in bone grafts. The biologic mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unclear.Methods: Twelve adult male guinea pigs were used in this experiment. Forty‐five bone samples removed from the calvaria of nine animals were divided in groups (n = 9) according to the time of demineralization with citric acid (50%, pH 1): 15, 30, 90, and 180 seconds and non‐demineralized samples (control). Preosteoblasts (MC3T3‐E1) were cultured on the bone samples for 24, 48, and 72 hours (n = 3). Fifteen samples removed from the remaining three animals were analyzed by scanning electron microcopy/energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM/EDS) after demineralization (n = 3).Results: The number of preosteoblasts increased significantly with time in all groups. The bone surface area covered by these cells increased with time, except in the control group. Intragroup differences occurred between 24 and 72 hours (P <0.05). Samples demineralized for 30 seconds showed greater area covered by preosteoblast cells than for the other times of demineralization in all periods of cell culture (P <0.05) without a statistically significant difference compared with 15 seconds. SEM/EDS showed diminished content of calcium (Ca) after 15 seconds of demineralization, but the Ca content increased after 180 seconds of demineralization (P <0.05). The phosphorus (P) amount increased significantly only after 30 seconds of demineralization (P <0.5). The sulfur (S) content was increased in demineralized samples in relation to non‐demineralized ones, reaching the highest level after 90 seconds, when the difference became significant in relation to all the other times of demineralization (P <0.05). Magnesium (Mg) content did not differ significantly between demineralized and non‐demineralized samples.Conclusions: Bone surfaces demineralized for 30 seconds increased the spreading of preosteoblasts as well as the surface area covered by these cells. Bone demineralization deserves to be studied in periodontal and maxillofacial regenerative procedures.
Occurrence of Spontaneous Periodontal Disease in the SAMP1/YitFc Murine Model of Crohn Disease
Authors: Pietropaoli Davide , Del Pinto Rita , Corridoni Daniele , Rodriguez‐Palacios Alexander , Di Stefano Gabriella , Monaco Annalisa , Weinberg Aaron , Cominelli Fabio 
Published: October 2014

Background: Oral involvement is often associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Recent evidence suggests a high incidence of periodontal disease in patients with Crohn disease (CD). To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no animal model of IBD that displays associated periodontal disease was reported previously. The aim of this study is to investigate the occurrence and progression of periodontal disease in SAMP1/YitFc (SAMP) mice that spontaneously develop a CD‐like ileitis. In addition, the temporal correlation between the onset and progression of periodontal disease and the onset of ileitis in SAMP mice was studied.Methods: At different time points, SAMP and parental AKR/J (AKR) control mice were sacrificed, and mandibles were prepared for stereomicroscopy and histology. Terminal ilea were collected for histologic assessment of inflammation score. Periodontal status, i.e., alveolar bone loss (ABL) and alveolar bone crest, was examined by stereomicroscopy and histomorphometry, respectively.Results: ABL increased in both strains with age. SAMP mice showed greater ABL compared with AKR mice by 12 weeks of age, with maximal differences observed at 27 weeks of age. AKR control mice did not show the same severity of periodontal disease. Interestingly, a strong positive correlation was found between ileitis severity and ABL in SAMP mice, independent of age.Conclusions: The present results demonstrate the occurrence of periodontal disease in a mouse model of progressive CD‐like ileitis. In addition, the severity of periodontitis strongly correlated with the severity of ileitis, independent of age, suggesting that common pathogenic mechanisms, such as abnormal immune response and dysbiosis, may be shared between these two phenotypes.
Long‐Term Evaluation of Periodontal Parameters and Implant Outcomes in Periodontally Compromised Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zangrando Mariana Schutzer , Damante Carla Andreotti , Sant'Ana Adriana Campos , Rubo de Rezende Maria Lúcia , Greghi Sebastião Luiz , Chambrone Leandro 
Published: October 2014

Background: The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the long‐term outcomes of patients with periodontitis submitted to periodontal therapy/maintenance and implant placement.Methods: Studies reporting clinical and/or long‐term implant outcomes from partially edentulous patients with periodontitis who were treated and followed periodontal maintenance for ≥5 years were considered eligible for the review. Screening of the articles, data extraction, and quality assessment were conducted independently and in duplicate.Results: Search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases resulted in 959 papers, and of them 931 were excluded after title/abstract assessment. The full texts of 28 potentially eligible publications were screened, but only 10 studies met inclusion criteria. Most of the included studies (77.8%) presented a medium/high methodologic quality. The results demonstrated that patients with a diagnosis of periodontitis had satisfactory implant outcomes. Implant survival was high (92.1%) within studies reporting 10 years of follow‐up. Parameters related to probing depth, clinical attachment level, and bone loss around teeth increased the occurrence of peri‐implantitis and implant loss. Non‐attendance to periodontal maintenance and smoking habits were also associated with less favorable implant outcomes.Conclusions: This systematic review confirmed that implant therapy can be successfully used in patients with a diagnosis of periodontitis who underwent proper therapy and regular periodontal maintenance. Residual pockets, non‐attendance to the periodontal maintenance program, and smoking were considered to be negative factors for the long‐term implant outcomes.
Gaps in Medical and Device Therapy for Patients with Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction: The EchoGap Study
Authors: Dokainish Hisham , Jewett Lauren , Nieuwlaat Robby , Coulson Joshua , Demers Catherine , Lonn Eva , Healey Jeff , Haynes Brian , Connolly Stuart 
Published: October 2014

Objectives:
To assess gaps between guidelines and medicine prescription/dosing and referral for defibrillator therapy in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD).

Methods:
Outpatient echocardiography reports at an academic hospital centre were screened and outpatients with LVEF<40% were included. A questionnaire was mailed to the patients’ physician, querying prescription/dosing of ACE-inhibitors (ACEi), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) and beta-blockers (BB). Patients with LVEF<30% had additional questions on implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) referral.

Results:
Mean age was 69.6+/-12.2 years and mean LVEF was 29.7+/-6.5%. ACEi and/or ARB prescription rate was 260/309(84.1%) versus 256/308(83.1%) for BB (p=NS for comparison). Of patients on ACEi, 77/183(42.1%) were on target dose, compared to 7/45(15.5%) for ARB and 9/254(3.5%) for BB (p<0.01). Of 171/309 patients (55.3%) with LVEF<30%, 72/171(42.1%) had an ICD and 16/171(9.4%) were referred for one.

Conclusion:
Prescription rates of evidence-based HF medicines are relatively high in outpatients with LVSD referred for echocardiography at this Canadian academic medical centre; however, the proportion of patients at target doses was modest for ACEi and low for ARB and BB. Approximately half of patients who qualify for ICD by EF alone have one or were referred. Important reasons for patients with LVSD not on evidence-based therapy were identified.