bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of dietary habits, physical activity and cognitive views with gestational diabetes mellitus among Chinese women
Authors: Li Qing , Xiong Ribo , Wang Liang , Cui Junying , Shi Linna , Liu Yungang , Luo Bingde 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between dietary habits, physical activity and cognitive views and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Chinese women.DesignA cross-sectional study to explore the potential risk factors of GMD through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, an FFQ and a self-designed structured questionnaire, respectively.SettingGuangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.SubjectsChinese pregnant women (n 571) who underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test at their 24th to 28th gestational week.ResultsThirteen per cent of the investigated women were identified as having GDM, and an increased intake of local featured foods and lower physical activity were observed in the GDM-positive group v. the GDM-negative group. Women who regarded early-pregnancy morning sickness as relevant to fetal abnormalities and those with unlimited dietary intake after the ending of morning sickness both had an increased risk for GDM (P = 0·018 and P = 0·038, respectively). After multiple logistic regression analysis, cognitive views for unlimited food intake subsequent to morning sickness, increased consumption of energy-dense snack foods and high-glycaemic-index fruits were strongly associated with the risk of GDM (OR = 1·911, P = 0·032; OR = 1·050, P = 0·001; and OR = 1·002, P = 0·017, respectively).ConclusionsLocal featured foods and incorrect cognitive views on pregnancy-related health were closely related to the risk of GDM in Chinese women. Intensive health education about pregnancy physiology and reasonable dietary and physical exercise behaviours should be strengthened for the control of GDM.
Review ArticleCurrent salt reduction policies across gradients of inequality-adjusted human development in the WHO European region: minding the gaps
Authors: Rodriguez-Fernandez Rodrigo , Siopa Margarida , Simpson Sarah J , Amiya Rachel M , Breda Joao , Cappuccio Francesco P 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo assess current salt†reduction policies in countries of the WHO European Region against the backdrop of varying levels of human development adjusted for income, education and health (longevity) inequalities.DesignPopulation-based, cross-sectional study, with data gathered through systematic review of relevant databases and supplementary information provided by WHO Nutrition Counterparts.SettingMember States of the WHO European Region.SubjectsInequality-adjusted Human Development Index scores were analysed against assessed levels of development and implementation of national nutrition policies and initiatives targeting population-level salt reduction.ResultsWithin the WHO European Region, Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index values among countries with no existing salt reduction initiatives (mean 0·643 (se0·022)) were significantly lower than among those with either partially implemented/planned salt initiatives (mean 0·766 (se0·017),P< 0·001) or fully implemented salt initiatives (mean 0·780 (se0·021),P< 0·001).ConclusionsWhere salt reduction strategies are implemented as an integral part of national policy, outcomes have been promising. However, low- and middle-income countries may face severe resource constraints that keep them from emulating more comprehensive strategies pursued in high-income countries. Care must be taken to ensure that gaps are not inadvertently widened by monitoring differential policy impacts of salt policies, particularly regarding trade flows.
Content analysis of television food advertisements aimed at adults and children in South Africa
Authors: Mchiza Zandile J , Temple Norman J , Steyn Nelia P , Abrahams Zulfa , Clayford Mario 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the frequency and content of food-related television (TV) advertisements shown on South African TV.DesignFour national TV channels were recorded between 15.00 and 21.00 hours (6 h each day, for seven consecutive days, over a 4-week period) to: (i) determine the number of food-related TV advertisements; and (ii) evaluate the content and approach used by advertisers to market their products. The data were viewed by two of the researchers and coded according to time slots, food categories, food products, health claims and presentation.ResultsOf the 1512 recorded TV advertisements, 665 (44 %) were related to food. Of these, 63 % were for food products, 21 % for alcohol, 2 % for multivitamins, 1 % for slimming products and 13 % for supermarket and pharmacy promotions. Nearly 50 % of food advertisements appeared during family viewing time. During this time the most frequent advertisements were for desserts and sweets, fast foods, hot beverages, starchy foods and sweetened drinks. The majority of the alcohol advertisements (ninety-three advertisements, 67 %) fell within the children and family viewing periods and were endorsed by celebrities. Health claims were made in 11 % of the advertisements. The most frequently used benefits claimed were ‘enhances well-being’, ‘improves performance’, ‘boosts energy’, ‘strengthens the immune system’ and ‘is nutritionally balanced’.ConclusionsThe majority of food advertisements shown to both children and adults do not foster good health despite the health claims made. The fact that alcohol advertisements are shown during times when children watch TV needs to be addressed.
UNIQUENESS OF SOLUTIONS TO SCHRÖDINGER EQUATIONS ON -TYPE GROUPS
Authors: BEN SAÏD SALEM , THANGAVELU SUNDARAM , DOGGA VENKU NAIDU 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis paper deals with the Schrödinger equation$i{\partial }_{s} u(\mathbf{z} , t; s)- \mathcal{L} u(\mathbf{z} , t; s)= 0, $where$ \mathcal{L} $is the sub-Laplacian on the Heisenberg group. Assume that the initial data$f$satisfies$\vert f(\mathbf{z} , t)\vert \lesssim {q}_{\alpha } (\mathbf{z} , t), $where${q}_{s} $is the heat kernel associated to$ \mathcal{L} . $If in addition$\vert u(\mathbf{z} , t; {s}_{0} )\vert \lesssim {q}_{\beta } (\mathbf{z} , t), $for some${s}_{0} \in \mathbb{R} \setminus \{ 0\} , $then we prove that$u(\mathbf{z} , t; s)= 0$for all$s\in \mathbb{R} $whenever$\alpha \beta \lt { s}_{0}^{2} . $This result holds true in the more general context of$H$-type groups. We also prove an analogous result for the Grushin operator on${ \mathbb{R} }^{n+ 1} . $
DENSITY ESTIMATES ON COMPOSITE POLYNOMIALS
Authors: CHEUNG WAI SHUN , NG TUEN WAI , TSANG CHIU YIN 
Published: August 2013

AbstractRitt introduced the concepts of prime and composite polynomials and proved three fundamental theorems on factorizations (in the sense of compositions) of polynomials in 1922. In this paper, we shall give a density estimate on the set of composite polynomials.
AGGREGATION AND IDEMPOTENCE
Authors: HUMBERSTONE LLOYD 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA 1-ary sentential context is aggregative (according to a consequence relation) if the result of putting the conjunction of two formulas into the context is a consequence (by that relation) of the results of putting first the one formula and then the other into that context. All 1-ary contexts are aggregative according to the consequence relation of classical propositional logic (though not, for example, according to the consequence relation of intuitionistic propositional logic), and here we explore the extent of this phenomenon, generalized to having arbitrary connectives playing the role of conjunction; among intermediate logics, LC, shows itself to occupy a crucial position in this regard, and to suggest a characterization, applicable to a broader range of consequence relations, in terms of a variant of the notion of idempotence we shall call componentiality. This is an analogue, for the consequence relations of propositional logic, of the notion of a conservative operation in universal algebra.
Tubular endocytosis drives remodelling of the apical surface during epithelial morphogenesis in Drosophila
Authors: Fabrowski Piotr , Necakov Aleksandar S. , Mumbauer Simone , Loeser Eva , Reversi Alessandra , Streichan Sebastian , Briggs John A. G. , De Renzis Stefano 
Published: August 2013

AbstractDuring morphogenesis, remodelling of cell shape requires the expansion or contraction of plasma membrane domains. Here we identify a mechanism underlying the restructuring of the apical surface during epithelial morphogenesis in Drosophila. We show that the retraction of villous protrusions and subsequent apical plasma membrane flattening is an endocytosis-driven morphogenetic process. Quantitation of endogenously tagged GFP::Rab5 dynamics reveals a massive increase in apical endocytosis that correlates with changes in apical morphology. This increase is accompanied by the formation of tubular plasma membrane invaginations that serve as platforms for the de novo generation of Rab5-positive endosomes. We identify the Rab5-effector Rabankyrin-5 as a regulator of this pathway and demonstrate that blocking dynamin activity results in the complete inhibition of tubular endocytosis, in the disappearance of Rab5 endosomes, and in the inhibition of surface flattening. These data collectively demonstrate a requirement for endocytosis in morphogenetic remodelling during epithelial development.
Quantitative assessment of minimal effective concentration of erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents
Authors: Yan X , Krzyzanski W 
Published: August 2013

Minimal effective concentration (MEC) was proposed to explain why subcutaneous (SC) administration of erythropoietin (EPO) induces a higher hemoglobin (HGB) increase than intravenous (IV) administration. It has been further used to explain the paradox that erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent (ESA) with lower receptor binding affinity may have higher in vivo activity. We have developed a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model with incorporation of the operational model of agonism to characterize the data from two clinical trials. By using model‐based simulations, we demonstrate that SC route is more efficacious than IV route and explain the paradoxical behavior of ESAs. We determined that MEC can be quantified by C50, which represents the concentration of an ESA producing its half‐maximal effect of stimulating the proliferation of erythroid precursor cells. The model used may allow joint PK/PD modeling of data from different ESAs, and provide a platform for dosing regimen optimizations and future clinical study designs.CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology (2013) 2, e62; doi:10.1038/psp.2013.39; published online 7 August 2013
Collaboration of AMPK and PKC to induce phosphorylation of Ser413 on PIP5K1B resulting in decreased kinase activity and reduced PtdIns(4,5)P2 synthesis in response to oxidative stress and energy restriction
Authors: van den Bout Iman , Jones David R. , Shah Zahid H. , Halstead Jonathan R. , Keune Willem-Jan , Mohammed Shabaz , D’Santos Clive S. , Divecha Nullin 
Published: August 2013

The spatial and temporal regulation of the second messenger PtdIns(4,5)P2 has been shown to be crucial for regulating numerous processes in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. Three isoforms of PIP5K1 (phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase), A, B and C, are responsible for the regulation of the major pools of cellular PtdIns(4,5)P2. PIP5K1B is negatively regulated in response to oxidative stress although it remains unclear which pathways regulate its activity. In the present study, we have investigated the regulation of PIP5K1B by protein phosphorylation. Using MS analysis, we identified 12 phosphorylation sites on PIP5K1B. We developed a phospho-specific antibody against Ser413 and showed that its phosphorylation was increased in response to treatment of cells with phorbol ester, H2O2 or energy restriction. Using inhibitors, we define a stress-dependent pathway that requires the activity of the cellular energy sensor AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) and PKC (protein kinase C) to regulate Ser413 phosphorylation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that PKC can directly phosphorylate Ser413in vitro. Mutation of Ser413 to aspartate to mimic serine phosphorylation decreased both PIP5K1B activity in vitro and PtdIns(4,5)P2 synthesis in vivo. Our studies show that collaboration between AMPK and PKC dictates the extent of Ser413 phosphorylation on PIP5K1B and regulates PtdIns(4,5)P2 synthesis.
TRAF6-mediated ubiquitination of APPL1 enhances hepatic actions of insulin by promoting the membrane translocation of Akt
Authors: Cheng Kenneth K. Y. , Lam Karen S. L. , Wang Yu , Wu Donghai , Zhang Mingliang , Wang Baile , Li Xiaomu , Hoo Ruby L. C. , Huang Zhe , Sweeney Gary , Xu Aimin 
Published: August 2013

Insulin inhibits hepatic glucose production through activation of the protein kinase Akt, and any defect in this pathway causes fasting hyperglycaemia in Type 2 diabetes. APPL1 [adaptor protein, phosphotyrosine interaction, PH (pleckstrin homology) domain and leucine zipper containing 1] sensitizes hepatic insulin action on suppression of gluconeogenesis by binding to Akt. However, the mechanisms underlying the insulin-sensitizing actions of APPL1 remain elusive. In the present study we show that insulin induces Lys63-linked ubiquitination of APPL1 in primary hepatocytes and in the livers of C57 mice. Lys160 located within the BAR (Bin/amphiphysin/Rvs) domain of APPL1 is the major site for its ubiquitination. Replacement of Lys160 with arginine abolishes insulin-dependent ubiquitination and membrane localization of APPL1, and also diminishes membrane recruitment and activation of Akt, thereby abrogating the effects of APPL1 on alleviation of hepatic insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in obese mice. Further analysis identified TRAF6 (tumour-necrosis-factor-receptor-associated factor 6) as an E3 ubiquitin ligase for APPL1 ubiquitination. Suppression of TRAF6 expression attenuates insulin-mediated ubiquitination and membrane targeting of APPL1, leading to an impairment of insulin-stimulated Akt activation and inhibition of gluconeogenesis in hepatocytes. Thus TRAF6-mediated ubiquitination of APPL1 is a vital step for the hepatic actions of insulin through modulation of membrane trafficking and activity of Akt.
Designing CXCL8-based decoy proteins with strong anti-inflammatory activity in vivo
Authors: Falsone Angelika , Wabitsch Veronica , Geretti Elena , Potzinger Heide , Gerlza Tanja , Robinson James , Adage Tiziana , Teixeira Mauro M. , Kungl Andreas J. 
Published: August 2013

IL (interleukin)-8 [CXCL8 (CXC chemokine ligand 8)] exerts its role in inflammation by triggering neutrophils via its specific GPCRs (G-protein-coupled receptors), CXCR1 (CXC chemokine receptor 1) and CXCR2, for which additional binding to endothelial HS-GAGs (heparan sulphate-glycosaminoglycans) is required. We present here a novel approach for blocking the CXCL8-related inflammatory cascade by generating dominant-negative CXCL8 mutants with improved GAG-binding affinity and knocked-out CXCR1/CXCR2 activity. These non-signalling CXCL8 decoy proteins are able to displace WT (wild-type) CXCL8 and to prevent CXCR1/CXCR2 signalling thereby interfering with the inflammatory response. We have designed 14 CXCL8 mutants that we subdivided into three classes according to number and site of mutations. The decoys were characterized by IFTs (isothermal fluorescence titrations) and SPR (surface plasmon resonance) to determine GAG affinity. Protein stability and structural changes were evaluated by far-UV CD spectroscopy and knocked-out GPCR response was shown by Boyden chamber and Ca2+ release assays. From these experiments, CXCL8(Δ6F17KF21KE70KN71K) emerged with the most promising in vitro characteristics. This mutant was therefore further investigated in a murine model of mBSA (methylated BSA)-induced arthritis in mice where it showed strong anti-inflammatory activity. Based on these results, we propose that dominant-negative CXCL8 decoy proteins are a promising class of novel biopharmaceuticals with high therapeutic potential in inflammatory diseases.
Test–Retest Reliability of Eye Tracking in the Visual World Paradigm for the Study of Real-Time Spoken Word Recognition
Authors: Farris-Trimble Ashley , McMurray Bob 
Published: August 2013

PurposeResearchers have begun to use eye tracking in the visual world paradigm (VWP) to study clinical differences in language processing, but the reliability of such laboratory tests has rarely been assessed. In this article, the authors assess test–retest reliability of the VWP for spoken word recognition.MethodsParticipants performed an auditory VWP task in repeated sessions and a visual-only VWP task in a third session. The authors performed correlation and regression analyses on several parameters to determine which reflect reliable behavior and which are predictive of behavior in later sessions.ResultsResults showed that the fixation parameters most closely related to timing and degree of fixations were moderately-to-strongly correlated across days, whereas the parameters related to rate of increase or decrease of fixations to particular items were less strongly correlated. Moreover, when including factors derived from the visual-only task, the performance of the regression model was at least moderately correlated with Day 2 performance on all parameters (R> .30).ConclusionThe VWP is stable enough (with some caveats) to serve as an individual measure. These findings suggest guidelines for future use of the paradigm and for areas of improvement in both methodology and analysis.
T-box transcription factor T-bet, a key player in a unique type of B-cell activation essential for effective viral clearance
Authors: Rubtsova Kira , Rubtsov Anatoly V. , van Dyk Linda F. , Kappler John W. , Marrack Philippa 
Published: August 2013

SignificanceHere, we show that signals delivered by antigen engagement, IFNγ, and toll-like receptor 7 [TLR7] induce T-box transcription factor T-bet and IgG2a switching in B cells. The IgG2a product of these signals is important for viral immunity. For example, the titers of mouse gammaherpesvirus 68, an Epstein–Barr-related virus, are not well reduced if the B cells cannot express T-bet and consequently cannot switch to production of IgG2a. The T-bet expressing B cells resemble a subset of B cells that appears in autoimmune prone mice and women. Thus, a B-cell differentiation pathway that has evolved to promote immunity to viruses may also contribute to autoimmunity.
Explaining National Differences in Education-work Transitions
Authors: Raffe David 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT
In the 1980s and 1990s the study of education-work transitions took a comparative turn. Researchers sought to identify national differences in transition processes and outcomes and explain them in terms of institutional characteristics of national ‘transition systems’. This was an ambitious aim because it required the study of transitions to develop as a field of ‘macro’ social-science research, while continuing also to use theories, techniques of analysis and data associated with ‘micro’ research. This paper reviews the progress of transition-system research over the past 20 years. It describes the development of the research field and how it has been shaped by its theoretical origins, the political context, the availability of data and the organisation of research. The research has made significant if uneven progress towards explaining national differences in transitions; its achievements appear more significant when viewed from a perspective which emphasises the case-oriented rather than variables-oriented aims of comparative research.
Boarfish (Capros aper) target strength modelled from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of its swimbladder
Authors: Fässler Sascha M. M. , O'Donnell Ciaran , Jech J. M. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Fässler, S. M. M., O'Donnell, C., and Jech, J.M. 2013. Boarfish (Capros aper) target strength modelled from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of its swimbladder. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: . Boarfish (Capros aper) abundance has increased dramatically in the Northeast Atlantic from the early 1970s after successive years of good recruitment attributed to an increase in sea surface temperature. Due to increased commercial fishing over recent years, an acoustic boarfish survey funded by the Killybegs Fishermen's Organisation was initiated by the Marine Institute to establish a baseline for the future management of this stock. In the absence of any species-specific boarfish target strength (TS), acoustic backscatter was estimated by a Kirchhoff-ray mode model using reconstructed three-dimensional swimbladder shapes which were computed from magnetic resonance imaging scans of whole fish. The model predicted TS as a function of size, fish tilt angle, and operating frequency. Standardized directivity patterns revealed the increasing importance of changes in the inclination of the dorsal swimbladder surface at higher frequencies (120 and 200 kHz) and a less directive response at lower frequencies (18 and 38 kHz). The model predicted a TS-to-total fish length relationship of TS = 20 log10(L) − 66.2. The intercept is ∼1 dB higher than in the general physoclist relationship, potentially reflecting the bulky nature of the boarfish swimbladder with its relatively large circumference.
The influence of catch quotas on the productivity of the Portuguese bivalve dredge fleet
Authors: Oliveira M. M. , Camanho A. S. , Gaspar M. B. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Oliveira, M. M., Camanho, A. S., and Gaspar, M. B. 2013. The influence of catch quotas on the productivity of the Portuguese bivalve dredge fleet. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: . Among the Portuguese artisanal fishing fleets, the bivalve dredge fleet is one of the most profitable. In the last decade, after the implementation of a quotas system, the management of this fishery has been largely focused on adjusting catch to the conservation status of the resources exploited. The present work aims to understand how changes in the amount of quota attributed to each vessel each year and shifts in the quota regime affected vessel productivity. Boostrapped Malmquist indices, complemented with an efficiency assessment using a directional distance function, were used to quantify productivity changes between 1999 and 2011 for the fleets operating in two areas along the Portuguese coast (northwest and southwest). The results showed that the implementation of a weekly quota, as opposed to a daily quota, led to a significant improvement in productivity. This was mainly due to the decrease in fishing days and fuel consumption. It is predicted that the implementation of weekly quotas in the south area would lead to an overall reduction of about 12% in fishing days and fuel consumption, even though the variation in fuel consumption may be affected by the status of the resources. The results achieved provide important insights for future management actions and showed the potential advantages of applying this type of management to other fisheries worldwide, mainly those using active gear.