bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Xeno-Klotho Inhibits Parathyroid Hormone Signaling
Authors: Takenaka Tsuneo , Inoue Tsutomu , Miyazaki Takashi , Hayashi Matsuhiko , Suzuki Hiromichi 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

Although fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23 was recently identified as a phosphatonin that influences vitamin D metabolism, the underlying signaling mechanisms remain unclear. FGF23 elevates the renal levels of membrane-associated klotho as well as soluble klotho. Klotho is expressed on distal tubules. Upon enzymatic cleavage, soluble klotho is released into the renal interstitial space and then into the systemic circulation. The expression of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1α-hydroxylase (1-OH) on proximal tubular cells is controlled by parathyroid hormone (PTH). Klotho binds to various membrane proteins to alter their function. Here, the interaction between the PTH receptor and klotho was studied using various approaches, including immunoprecipitation, in vitro cell culture, and in vivo animal experiments. Immunoprecipitation studies demonstrate, for the first time, that recombinant human klotho protein interacts with human PTH receptors to inhibit the binding of human PTH. Furthermore, when applied to human proximal tubular cells, recombinant human klotho suppresses PTH-stimulated generation of inositol trisphosphate in vitro. Moreover, PTH-induced increase of cyclic AMP secretion and 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25VD) was attenuated by recombinant human klotho in vivo. In addition, recombinant human klotho inhibits the expression of 1-OH by PTH both in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that free klotho mediates the FGF23-induced inhibition of 1,25VD synthesis. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Dietary Magnesium Is Positively Associated With Skeletal Muscle Power and Indices of Muscle Mass and May Attenuate the Association Between Circulating C-Reactive Protein and Muscle Mass in Women
Authors: Welch Ailsa A , Kelaiditi Eirini , Jennings Amy , Steves Claire J , Spector Tim D , MacGregor Alexander 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

Age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength are risk factors for sarcopenia, osteoporosis, falls, fractures, frailty, and mortality. Dietary magnesium (Mg) could play a role in prevention of age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass, power, and strength directly through physiological mechanisms or indirectly through an impact on chronic low-grade inflammation, itself a risk factor for loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. In a cross-sectional study of 2570 women aged 18 to 79 years, we examined associations between intakes of Mg, estimated using a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived measures of muscle mass (fat-free mass as a percentage of body weight [FFM%], fat-free mass index [FFMI, kg/m2]), leg explosive power (LEP), and grip strength (n = 949 only). We also examined associations between circulating hs-CRP (C-reactive protein) and muscle mass and LEP, and explored the potential attenuation of these relationships by Mg. We compared our findings with those of age and protein intake. Endpoints were calculated by quintile of Mg and adjusted for relevant confounders. Significant positive associations were found between a higher Mg and indices of skeletal muscle mass and LEP, and also with hs-CRP, after adjustment for covariates. Contrasting extreme quintiles of Mg intake showed differences of 2.6% for FFM% (p trend &lt; 0.001), 0.4 kg/m2 for FFMI (p trend = 0.005), and 19.6 watts/kg for LEP (p trend &lt; 0.001). Compared with protein, these positive associations were 7 times greater for FFM% and 2.5 times greater for LEP. We also found that higher hs-CRP was negatively associated with skeletal muscle mass and, in statistical modeling, that a higher dietary Mg attenuated this negative relationship by 6.5%, with greater attenuation in women older than 50 years. No association was found between Mg and grip strength. Our results suggest that dietary magnesium may aid conservation of age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and power in women of all ages. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Routinized Assessment of Suicide Risk in Clinical Practice: An Empirically Informed Update
Authors: Chu Carol , Klein Kelly M. , Buchman‐Schmitt Jennifer M. , Hom Melanie A. , Hagan Christopher R. , Joiner Thomas E. 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveEmpirically informed suicide risk assessment frameworks are useful in guiding the evaluation and treatment of individuals presenting with suicidal symptoms. Joiner et al. (1999) formulated one such framework, which has provided a concise heuristic for the assessment of suicide risk. The purpose of this review is to ensure compatibility of this suicide risk assessment framework with the growing literature on suicide‐related behaviors.MethodsThis review integrates recent literature on suicide risk factors and clinical applications into the existing model. Further, we present a review of risk factors not previously included in the Joiner et al. (1999) framework, such as the interpersonal theory of suicide variables of perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and capability for suicide (Joiner, 2005; Van Orden et al., 2010) and acute symptoms of suicidality (i.e., agitation, irritability, weight loss, sleep disturbances, severe affective states, and social withdrawal).ResultsThese additional indicators of suicide risk further facilitate the classification of patients into standardized categories of suicide risk severity and the critical clinical decision making needed for the management of such risk.ConclusionsTo increase the accessibility of empirically informed risk assessment protocols for suicide prevention and treatment, an updated suicide risk assessment form and decision tree are provided.
Effect of operational parameters on the leaching efficiency and recovery of heavy metals from computer printed circuit boards
Authors: Janyasuthiwong Suthee , Ugas Riccardo , Rene Eldon R , Alessandra Carucci , Esposito Giovanni , Lens Piet NL 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDElectronic waste (e‐waste) is a recent environmental problem worldwide, because it is bulky in size causing solid waste disposal problems, especially due to the release of heavy metals into the environment. On the other hand, metal scarcity is another global issue with e‐waste, making it a prominent candidate for metal recovery.RESULTSDesktop computer printed circuit boards (PCBs) were evaluated as a potential source of Cu, Ni and Zn recovery using a bio‐hydrometallurgical method. The process parameters for metal leaching i.e. different particle sizes, leaching agents, contact time, liquid to solid (L/S) ratio, and agitation speed were evaluated in batch systems. At the following optimal conditions of 1 mol L−1 HNO3, L/S ratio of 20 with 200 rpm agitation speed using 0.5–1.0 mm particle size, the concentrations of Cu, Ni and Zn leached out from the PCBs were 450, 8 and 4 mg g−1 PCBs, respectively. Continuous leaching in an up‐flow leaching column using the optimized parameters, coupled to sulfide precipitation yielded > 90% Cu recovery (0.48 g g−1 PCBs).CONCLUSIONPCBs are a good candidate for metal recovery, especially Cu. This can be achieved by combining chemical leaching and biogenic sulfide precipitation techniques. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Redesigning inpatient care: Testing the effectiveness of an accountable care team model
Authors: Kara Areeba , Johnson Cynthia S. , Nicley Amy , Niemeier Michael R. , Hui Siu L. 
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUNDUS healthcare underperforms on quality and safety metrics. Inpatient care constitutes an immense opportunity to intervene to improve care.OBJECTIVEDescribe a model of inpatient care and measure its impact.DESIGNA quantitative assessment of the implementation of a new model of care. The graded implementation of the model allowed us to follow outcomes and measure their association with the dose of the implementation.SETTING AND PATIENTSInpatient medical and surgical units in a large academic health center.INTERVENTIONEight interventions rooted in improving interprofessional collaboration (IPC), enabling data‐driven decisions, and providing leadership were implemented.MEASUREMENTSOutcome data from August 2012 to December 2013 were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models for associations with the implementation of the model. Length of stay (LOS) index, case‐mix index–adjusted variable direct costs (CMI‐adjusted VDC), 30‐day readmission rates, overall patient satisfaction scores, and provider satisfaction with the model were measured.RESULTSThe implementation of the model was associated with decreases in LOS index (P < 0.0001) and CMI‐adjusted VDC (P = 0.0006). We did not detect improvements in readmission rates or patient satisfaction scores. Most providers (95.8%, n = 92) agreed that the model had improved the quality and safety of the care delivered.CONCLUSIONSCreating an environment and framework in which IPC is fostered, performance data are transparently available, and leadership is provided may improve value on both medical and surgical units. These interventions appear to be well accepted by front‐line staff. Readmission rates and patient satisfaction remain challenging. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;10:773–779. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
The Effects of Financial Inclusion on Children's Schooling, and Parental Aspirations and Expectations
Authors: Chiapa Carlos , Prina Silvia , Parker Adam 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe analyse the effects of offering access to a savings account to a sample of poor women on the educational attainment of their children and on the educational aspirations and expectations they have for them. Using data from a field experiment in Nepal that randomized access to savings accounts among a largely unbanked population, we provide evidence that financial access increased the schooling level of daughters and the educational aspirations and expectations parents have for them. Wealth and female empowerment do not seem to be behind our findings. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tumor‐infiltrating CD8+ T lymphocytes associated with clinical outcome in anal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Hu Wan‐Hsiang , Miyai Katsumi , Cajas‐Monson Luis C. , Luo Linda , Liu Lin , Ramamoorthy Sonia L. 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundThe prognostic significance of tumor‐infiltrating CD8+ T lymphocytes in anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) remains unclear. We designed the study to investigate the association between CD8+ T cells and clinical prognosis among anal SCC patients.MethodsThe density of CD8+ T cells was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The numbers of CD8+ T cells were counted and their relationship with clinicopathological factors and survival was explored.ResultsA strong positive correlation was noted between intratumoral and peritumoral CD8+ T cells (r = 0.77, P < 0.001). High intratumoral and peritumoral CD8+ T cells was associated with well tumor differentiation, early‐stage diagnosis, and better prognosis (P < 0.05). Better disease‐free survival rates were demonstrated in patients with high CD8+ T cell density in intratumoral nest (P = 0.01); peritumoral stroma (P = 0.004); and both in combination (P = 0.01). High peritumoral CD8+ T cell was associated with overall survival (P = 0.025). In HIV‐infected patients, high CD8+ T cell density also had association with disease‐free survival (P < 0.05).ConclusionsHigh tumor‐infiltrating CD8+ T cell density showed the potential to indicate a favorable effect on prognosis and survival for anal SCC patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015; 112:421–426. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Consequences of hunter harvest, winter weather, and increasing population size on survival of non‐migratory Canada geese in Connecticut
Authors: Conover Michael R. , Dinkins Jonathan B. , Ruzicka Rebekah E. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTIn the last few decades, non‐migratory populations of Canada geese (Branta canadensis) have become established in metropolitan areas throughout North America. We banded 1,845 Canada geese in New Haven County, Connecticut, and studied goose survival of geese from 1984 through 2001, a period when local goose numbers increased several fold. Males outnumbered females among adults but not among juveniles. The hunter‐recovery proportion (probability that a goose was harvested by a hunter and its band reported to the U.S. Banding Lab) was 0.17 for all banded geese and was higher for males (0.19) than females (0.15). We used the Seber band‐recovery model in Program MARK to estimate the annual recovery rate and annual survival rate. The annual recovery rate was 0.22 for all geese and varied by year. The annual survival rate was 0.72 for all geese; survival was higher for females than males and higher for juveniles than adults. Survival rates varied among years and decreased in years with higher winter temperatures or more geese observed during Audubon's Christmas Bird Count. During our study, special hunting seasons in Connecticut targeted non‐migratory geese. Despite this, we found survival rates to be at the high end of values reported elsewhere, and the number of geese killed by hunters in Connecticut did not influence survival. Our results suggest that it will be difficult for wildlife agencies to rely solely on hunting to reduce the size of non‐migratory goose populations. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Mark–recapture estimation of snag standing rates in Northern Arizona mixed‐conifer and ponderosa pine forests
Authors: Ganey Joseph L. , White Gary C. , Jenness Jeffrey S. , Vojta Scott C. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTSnags (standing dead trees) are important components of forests that provide resources for numerous species of wildlife and contribute to decay dynamics and other ecological processes. Managers charged with managing populations of snags need information about standing rates of snags and factors influencing those rates, yet such data are limited for ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and especially mixed‐conifer forests in the southwestern United States. We monitored standing rates of snags in 1‐ha plots in Arizona mixed‐conifer (n = 53 plots) and ponderosa pine (n = 60 plots) forests from 1997 through 2012. We used the Burnham live–dead, mark–resight model in Program MARK and multimodel inference to estimate standing rates during 5‐year intervals while accounting for imperfect detection. Because snag standing rates may be influenced by plot characteristics, we used plots rather than snags as sampling units and conducted bootstrap analyses (500 iterations per model) to resample plots and estimate standing rates and associated parameters. We modeled standing rates in 3 discrete steps. First, we selected a parsimonious base model from a set of models including snag species, and then we evaluated models created by adding snag and plot covariates to the base model in steps 2 and 3, respectively. Snag standing rates differed among snag species and 5‐year sampling intervals. Standing rates were positively related to snag diameter, negatively related to snag height, and were lower for snags with intact tops than for broken‐topped snags. Standing rates also were positively related to topographic roughness, elevation, tree density, and an index of northness, and negatively related to slope and relative topographic exposure. Our results provide comparative data on standing rates of multiple species of snags based on a large and spatially extensive sample and rigorous analysis, and quantify the relative importance of several snag and plot characteristics on those rates. They indicate that modeling snag dynamics is complicated by both spatial and temporal variation in standing rates and identify areas where further work is needed to facilitate such modeling. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Tens of thousands‐fold upconversion luminescence enhancement induced by a single gold nanorod
Authors: Zhan Qiuqiang , Zhang Xin , Zhao Yuxiang , Liu Jing , He Sailing 
Published: August 2015

AbstractUpconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have gained increasing attention for their wide applications in bioimaging, displays and photovoltaics. However, low efficiency has been an ongoing challenge for further developments. In this work, it is proposed that the ultrasmall size of UCNPs is essential for achieving large enhancement factors and experimentally demonstrated with 4‐nm UCNPs. A strategy of plasmonic dual resonance is proposed in which two distinct localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) peaks of gold nanorods (GNRs) were designed to perfectly match both the excitation and emission light wavelength of UCNPs. Combining the excitation enhancement and Purcell effect, a huge enhancement factor of tens of thousands‐fold is stochastically demonstrated for single UCNPs in solution. The largest overall enhancement region is close to the end of a GNR but not in its central part. The excitation enhancement (up to three orders of magnitude) and the emission enhancement (larger than one order of magnitude) induced by the Purcell effect are experimentally demonstrated separately. This study provides insight into how to achieve a very large upconversion enhancement factor with surface plasmons and will catalyze development of UCNPs’ extensive applications.image
Maximal cofinitary groups revisited
Authors: Fischer Vera 
Published: August 2015

Let κ be an arbitrary regular infinite cardinal and let denote the set of κ‐maximal cofinitary groups. We show that if holds and C is a closed set of cardinals such that

, ,
if then ,
,

then there is a generic extension in which cofinalities have not been changed and such that . The theorem generalizes a result of Brendle, Spinas and Zhang (cf. ) regarding the possible sizes of maximal cofinitary groups. Our techniques easily modify to provide analogous results for the spectra of maximal κ‐almost disjoint families in , maximal families of κ‐almost disjoint permutations on κ and maximal families of κ‐almost disjoint functions in . In addition we construct a κ‐Cohen indestructible κ‐maximal cofinitary group and so establish the consistency of , which for is due to Yi Zhang (cf. ).
RAFT Polymerization of N‐[3‐(Trimethoxysilyl)‐propyl]acrylamide and Its Versatile Use in Silica Hybrid Materials
Authors: Maçon Anthony L. B. , Greasley Sarah L. , Becer C. Remzi , Jones Julian R. 
Published: August 2015

Reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and characterization of an alkoxysilane acrylamide monomer using a trithiocarbonate chain transfer agent are described. Poly(N‐[3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]acrylamide) (PTMSPAA) homopolymers are obtained with good control over the polymerization. A linear increase in the molecular weight is observed whereas the polydispersity values do not exceed 1.2 regardless of the monomer conversion. Moreover, PTMSPAA is used as a macro‐RAFT agent to polymerize N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM). By varying the degree of polymerization of NIPAM within the block copolymer, different sizes of thermoresponsive particles are obtained. These particles are stabilized by the condensation of the alkoxysilane moieties of the polymers. Furthermore, a co‐network of silica and PTMSPAA is prepared using the sol–gel process. After drying, transparent mesoporous hybrids are obtained with a surface area of up to 400 m2 g−1.
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Linking the evidence between urinary retention and antipsychotic or antidepressant drugs: A systematic review
Authors: Faure Walker Nicholas , Brinchmann Katherine , Batura Deepak 
Published: August 2015

AimsUrinary retention (UR) occurs in patients on antipsychotic and antidepressant medication despite no apparent underlying urological cause. This review was undertaken to ascertain which of these medications are associated with UR and how often.MethodsA systematic literature search for evidence on antipsychotic and antidepressant medications and UR was completed in June 2015 using Scopus, Pubmed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane library. Search terms included urinary retention, antidepressants and antipsychotics as well as individual drug names. Filters used were: humans and English language. PRISMA guidelines were employed.ResultsOut of 614 articles initially identified, one meta‐analysis, five RCT's, five cohort studies and 27 case reports were finally included. There was a wide range of definitions of UR. Studies which appropriately defined UR revealed it occurred in 1/21 patients on ziprasidone (an atypical antipsychotic), 17.6% of those on imipramine but only 0.1% of those on all tricyclic antidepressants analysed together. It was not reported in any of the 1,139 patients given duloxetine (a combined serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor). It was reported in 0.025% of patients on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. UR was also reported in patients on typical antispychotics, selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors but the studies did not define UR. The majority of case reports reported an improvement in UR on discontinuation or dose reduction.ConclusionAntipsychotics and antidepressants interact with the urinary system in many ways. Clinicians treating acute UR need to keep in mind the role of antipsychotic and antidepressants as a precipitating cause. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:866–874, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ceria–Vanadia/Silica‐Catalyzed Cascade for C−C and C−O Bond Activation: Green One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐3‐cyano‐4H‐pyrans
Authors: Maddila Surya Narayana , Maddila Suresh , van Zyl Werner E. , Jonnalagadda Sreekantha B. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe designed a ceria–vanadia/silica (Ce–V/SiO2) heterogeneous catalyst and used it for the green and efficient synthesis of 2‐amino‐3‐cyano‐4H‐pyran derivatives. The green reaction was a multicomponent one‐pot condensation of 5,5‐dimethylcyclohexane‐1,3‐dione, aromatic aldehyde, and malononitrile in an eco‐compatible solvent (ethanol). The catalyst was synthesized and fully characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis. The reported procedure offers a number of advantages including decreased reaction times, mild conditions, high yields, operational simplicity, and environmentally benign and simple work‐up procedures. Furthermore, the catalyst is economical, fully recyclable, and reusable for over five runs while preserving its high activity. The synthesized 2‐amino‐3‐cyano‐4H‐pyran products can later be used for pharmaceutical purposes.