bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How entrepreneurial orientation, environmental dynamism, and resource rareness influence firm performance
Authors: Lee TingKo , Chu Wenyi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPrior studies on strategic management and entrepreneurship have argued that entrepreneurial orientation (EO) is positively associated with performance when firms face certain contingencies, specifically, the dynamism of the external environment and the attributes of resources/capabilities owned by the firm. However, the current empirical evidence is inconclusive. This study advances the argument that the interactive effects of EO, environmental dynamism, and the rareness of resource–capability (rareness) combinations positively influence firm performance. By combining data collected via a secondary database and a questionnaire survey from 237 public firms in Taiwan, this study finds that EO positively influences firm performance. The EO–performance relationship is further moderated by the rareness of resource–capability combinations and environmental dynamism. It is also found that firm performance is collectively determined by the three-way interactions of EO, rareness, and environmental dynamism. That is, when firms own rare resources and are located in a dynamic environment, EO will lead to improved performance.
Undergraduate management students’ perceptions of feedback in a New Zealand university
Authors: Retna Kala S. , Cavana Robert Y. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFeedback to students is an important feature of assessment in higher education. Constructive and timely feedback guides students to improve on a continuous basis in the process of their tertiary education. This paper outlines an exploratory study based on survey research, which was conducted on a large sample of undergraduate students on management courses in a New Zealand university. Following a review of the relevant literature a conceptual model was developed using systems thinking principles. A questionnaire was designed consisting of 20 closed Likert questions and two open questions designed to explore students’ perceptions of the feedback given to them on their formative assessments. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were undertaken of the data collected from over 600 valid responses. The quantitative analysis consisted of descriptive statistics, an exploratory factor analysis and Pearson's correlation analysis. The four main factors to emerge were: improvement of work quality, improvement of results, need for feedback and quality of feedback. The qualitative analysis was based on these themes. The results of these analyses are discussed in this paper. This paper attempts to contribute to the ongoing discussion regarding the better understanding of the complex relationships between feedback and student learning in tertiary level management education.
Modelled evaluation of multi-component meningococcal vaccine (Bexsero®) for the prevention of invasive meningococcal disease in infants and adolescents in the UK
Authors: HUELS J. , CLEMENTS K. M. , McGARRY L. J. , HILL G. J. , WASSIL J. , KESSABI S. 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYNeisseria meningitidis is the main cause of bacterial meningitis and sepsis in the UK, and can potentially be lethal or cause long-term sequelae. Bexsero® (4CMenB) is a new multi-component vaccine approved by the European Commission for use in individuals aged ⩾2 months. A theoretical transmission model was constructed to assess the long-term effectiveness of Bexsero compared to standard care. The model was populated with UK-specific demographic data and calibrated to ensure that the transmission dynamics of meningococcal disease in the UK were adequately simulated. The model showed the best strategy to be a routine vaccination programme at ages 2, 3, 4, 12 months and 14 years combined with a 5-year catch-up programme in toddlers aged 12–24 months and adolescents aged 15–18 years. This would lead to a 94% reduction in meningococcal cases or 150 000 cases and 15 000 deaths over a 100-year time-frame.
Autonomy and presupposition in architecture: Lebbeus Woods' Berlin and Sarajevo projects
Authors: Fahey Carolyn 
Published: November 2013

The architectural theories of Lebbeus Woods present a number of philosophical problems. Of particular interest in this paper is Woods' thinking about autonomy and self-determinism in architecture. He claims that the architect should ‘recognise his own autonomy’ before ‘designing for other self-determining individuals’. The logical impossibility inherent in the juxtaposition of these claims is investigated with reference to the philosophy of Ludwig Wittgenstein.Wittgenstein provides a critique of metaphysics that is based on a strong valuing of socio-cultural context. Woods, on the other hand, proposes theoretical accounts of architecture that contain the fallacious appeal to autonomy. The appeal, however logically false, is critical to the theoretical position cast in terms of ‘heterarchy’. The appeal also supports the presupposition of society and culture that in turn allows for a sense of architectural solution. In the case of Woods' proposals for Berlin and Sarajevo projects, it is shown that the sense of architectural solution cannot amount to a real solution to the socio-cultural problems facing the people of these war torn cities.
Evaluation of tools used to measure calcium and/or dairy consumption in children and adolescents
Authors: Magarey Anthea , Yaxley Alison , Markow Kylie , Baulderstone Lauren , Miller Michelle 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo identify and critique tools that assess Ca and/or dairy intake in children to ascertain the most accurate and reliable tools available.DesignA systematic review of the literature was conducted using defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Articles were included on the basis that they reported on a tool measuring Ca and/or dairy intake in children in Western countries and reported on originally developed tools or tested the validity or reliability of existing tools. Defined criteria for reporting reliability and validity properties were applied.SettingStudies in Western countries.SubjectsChildren.ResultsEighteen papers reporting on two tools that assessed dairy intake, ten that assessed Ca intake and five that assessed both dairy and Ca were identified. An examination of tool testing revealed high reliance on lower-order tests such as correlation and failure to differentiate between statistical and clinically meaningful significance. Only half of the tools were tested for reliability and results indicated that only one Ca tool and one dairy tool were reliable. Validation studies showed acceptable levels of agreement (<100 mg difference) and/or sensitivity (62–83 %) and specificity (55–77 %) in three Ca tools. With reference to the testing methodology and results, no tools were considered both valid and reliable for the assessment of dairy intake and only one tool proved valid and reliable for the assessment of Ca intake.ConclusionsThese results clearly indicate the need for development and rigorous testing of tools to assess Ca and/or dairy intake in children and adolescents.
Investigating the historic long-term population health impact of the US National School Lunch Program
Authors: Peterson Cora 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe present research aimed to compare historic participation in the US National School Lunch Program (NSLP) during childhood and subsequent prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults at the population level.DesignRegression models examined cross-sectional, state- and age-based panel data constructed from multiple sources, including the Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System, US Congressional Record, US Census and the US Department of Agriculture. Models controlled for cohorts’ racial/ethnic composition and state poverty rates.SubjectsAdult-age cohorts (18–34, 35–49, 50–64 and 18–64 years) by US state over a 25-year period (1984–2008).SettingThe cohorts’ prevalence of overweight and obesity was compared with the cohorts’ estimated NSLP participation during schooling (1925–2007; the NSLP began in 1946).ResultsAmong adults aged 18–64 years, a one percentage-point increase in estimated NSLP participation during schooling between 1925 and 2007 was significantly associated with a 0·29 percentage-point increase in the cohort's later prevalence of overweight and obesity. Analysis of narrower age cohorts and different schooling periods produced mixed results.ConclusionsThe NSLP might have influenced population health historically. Longitudinal analysis of individuals from studies now underway will likely facilitate more robust conclusions about the NSLP's long-term health impact based on more recent experiences.
High-Resolution Radial Distribution Function of Pure Ion-Implanted Amorphous Silicon Measured Using Tilted-Illumination Selected-Area Electron Diffraction
Authors: Gorecki Alexander , Liu Amelia C.Y. , Petersen Timothy C. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractHigh-resolution radial distribution functions of as-implanted and thermally relaxed amorphous silicon created by ion implantation were measured using tilted-illumination selected area electron diffraction at room temperature. The diffracted intensities were measured out to a maximum scattering vector 2 sin(θ)/λ of 3.3–3.7 Å−1. The volume-averaged pair-correlation statistics of as-implanted and relaxed ion-implanted amorphous silicon are virtually indistinguishable with coordination numbers of 3.7 ± 0.3 and 3.9 ± 0.3 (for neighbors closer than 3 Å) and average bond angles of 109 ± 0.5° and 110 ± 0.6°, respectively. The atomic rearrangements in ion-implanted amorphous silicon due to a low temperature anneal are subtle.
An exploratory study of primary-care therapists' perceived competence in providing cognitive behavioural therapy to people with medically unexplained symptoms
Authors: Lewis Hilary 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe scope of the Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) initiative has been extended to include the treatment of medically unexplained symptoms (MUS). However, MUS was not one of the original common mental health problems that the therapists were trained to treat. No studies have explored whether primary-care cognitive behavioural therapists feel competent to treat people with MUS. This paper aimed to explore and gain an understanding of primary-care therapists’ perceived competence in providing cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) to people with MUS. Eight CBT therapists working in primary care participated in semi-structured interviews; the Framework approach was used to analyse the data. Five themes were generated by the data analysis, regarding the therapists’ perceived competence. The therapists described unfamiliarity with MUS. They also described some issues in engaging clients in therapy and that progress in therapy could sometimes be slow. Participants often used more general CBT skills and techniques, rather than models and interventions designed specifically for MUS. They had a number of different emotional reactions to this work. CBT therapists in primary care described unfamiliarity with MUS, in comparison to common mental health problems. They identified some difficulties in treatment, but most did not see this group as being more complex to treat. All were interested in receiving training about this client group.
TRAF1 is a critical regulator of cerebral ischaemia–reperfusion injury and neuronal death
Authors: Lu Yan-Yun , Li Zuo-Zhi , Jiang Ding-Sheng , Wang Lang , Zhang Yan , Chen Ke , Zhang Xiao-Fei , Liu Yi , Fan Guo-Chang , Chen Yingjie , Yang Qinglin , Zhou Yan , Zhang Xiao-Dong , Liu De-Pei , Li Hongliang 
Published: November 2013

AbstractStroke is a leading global cause of mortality and disability. Less than 5% of patients are able to receive tissue plasminogen activator thrombolysis within the necessary timeframe. Focusing on the process of neuronal apoptosis in the penumbra, which lasts from hours to days after ischaemia, appears to be promising. Here we report that tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1 (TRAF1) expression is markedly induced in wild-type mice 6 h after stroke onset. Using genetic approaches, we demonstrate that increased neuronal TRAF1 leads to elevated neuronal death and enlarged ischaemic lesions, whereas TRAF1 deficiency is neuroprotective. In addition, TRAF1-mediated neuroapoptosis correlates with the activation of the JNK pro-death pathway and inhibition of the Akt cell survival pathway. Finally, TRAF1 is found to exert pro-apoptotic effects via direct interaction with ASK1. Thus, ASK1 positively and negatively regulates the JNK and Akt signalling pathways, respectively. Targeting the TRAF1/ASK1 pathway may provide feasible therapies for stroke long after onset.
High-Throughput Nanofabrication of Infra-red and Chiral Metamaterials using Nanospherical-Lens Lithography
Authors: Chang Yun-Chorng , Lu Sih-Chen , Chung Hsin-Chan , Wang Shih-Ming , Tsai Tzung-Da , Guo Tzung-Fang 
Published: November 2013

AbstractVarious infra-red and planar chiral metamaterials were fabricated using the modified Nanospherical-Lens Lithography. By replacing the light source with a hand-held ultraviolet lamp, its asymmetric light emission pattern produces the elliptical-shaped photoresist holes after passing through the spheres. The long axis of the ellipse is parallel to the lamp direction. The fabricated ellipse arrays exhibit localized surface plasmon resonance in mid-infra-red and are ideal platforms for surface enhanced infra-red absorption (SEIRA). We also demonstrate a way to design and fabricate complicated patterns by tuning parameters in each exposure step. This method is both high-throughput and low-cost, which is a powerful tool for future infra-red metamaterials applications.
Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells Acquire Distinct DNA-Hypermethylation During in vitro Culture
Authors: Weidner Carola Ingrid , Walenda Thomas , Lin Qiong , Wölfler Monika Martina , Denecke Bernd , Costa Ivan Gesteira , Zenke Martin , Wagner Wolfgang 
Published: November 2013

AbstractHematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HPCs) can be maintained invitro, but the vast majority of their progeny loses stemness during culture. In this study, we compared DNA-methylation (DNAm) profiles of freshly isolated and culture-expanded HPCs. Culture conditions of CD34+ cells - either with or without mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) - had relatively little impact on DNAm, although proliferation is greatly increased by stromal support. However, all cultured HPCs - even those which remained CD34+ - acquired significant DNA-hypermethylation. DNA-hypermethylation occurred particularly in up-stream promoter regions, shore-regions of CpG islands, binding sites for PU.1, HOXA5 and RUNX1 and it was reflected in differential gene expression and variant transcripts of DNMT3A. Low concentrations of DNAm inhibitors slightly increased the frequency of colony-forming unit initiating cells. Our results demonstrate that HPCs acquire DNA-hypermethylation at specific sites in the genome which is relevant for the rapid loss of stemness during in vitro manipulation.
Mechanism for the catastrophe-promoting activity of the microtubule destabilizer Op18/stathmin
Authors: Gupta Kamlesh K. , Li Chunlei , Duan Aranda , Alberico Emily O. , Kim Oleg V. , Alber Mark S. , Goodson Holly V. 
Published: November 2013

Significance
The microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton is a dynamic polymer network that plays a crucial role in cell function and disease. MT assembly and dynamics are precisely controlled; a key regulator is the MT destabilizer known as stathmin. Stathmin’s mechanism of action remains controversial: one well-supported model is that it reduces polymer indirectly by sequestering MT subunits; the alternative is that it acts directly on MTs by an as yet unknown mechanism. We provide a resolution to this debate by presenting experimental evidence that stathmin can act directly on MTs and does so by binding and destabilizing exposed protofilaments. Computer simulations performed in parallel suggest that both the direct and sequestering activities are likely to be significant in a cellular context.
Genome-wide analysis of histone marks identifying an epigenetic signature of promoters and enhancers underlying cardiac hypertrophy
Authors: Papait Roberto , Cattaneo Paola , Kunderfranco Paolo , Greco Carolina , Carullo Pierluigi , Guffanti Alessandro , Viganò Valentina , Stirparo Giuliano Giuseppe , Latronico Michael V. G. , Hasenfuss Gerd , Chen Ju , Condorelli Gianluigi 
Published: November 2013

Significance
Cardiac failure is a leading cause of mortality worldwide and a major financial burden for healthcare systems. New tools for understanding cardiovascular disease and developing better therapeutic approaches are therefore needed. To this end, transcriptional regulation has been extensively studied in cardiac hypertrophy and failure, but there is still a lack of understanding of the epigenetic framework in which transcription factors act. Our report adds significant knowledge to the field because we demonstrate, in vivo, that a complex and specific epigenetic signature regulates gene expression by modulating promoters and enhancers, a large number of which have been described here. These findings advance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying this pathology.
Running‐induced patellofemoral pain fluctuates with changes in patella water content
Authors: Ho Kai‐Yu , Hu Houchun H. , Colletti Patrick M. , Powers Christopher M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAlthough increased bone water content resulting from repetitive patellofemoral joint loading has been suggested to be a possible mechanism underlying patellofemoral pain (PFP), there is little data to support this mechanism. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether running results in increases in patella water content and pain and whether 48 hours of rest reduces patella water content and pain to pre‐running levels. Ten female runners with a diagnosis of PFP (mean age 25.1 years) participated. Patella water content was quantified using a chemical‐shift‐encoded water‐fat magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol. The visual analog scale (VAS) was used to quantify subjects' pain levels. MRI and pain data were obtained prior to running, immediately following a 40‐minute running session, and 48 hours post‐running. Pain and patella water content were compared among the 3 time points using one‐way ANOVA's with repeated measures. Immediately post‐running, persons with PFP reported significant increases in pain and exhibited elevated patella water content. Pain and patella water content decreased to pre‐running levels following 48 hours of rest. Our findings suggest that transient changes in patella water content associated with running may, in part, contribute to patellofemoral symptoms.
Low-affinity IgM antibodies lacking somatic hypermutations are produced in the secondary response of C57BL/6 mice to (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl hapten
Authors: Murakami Akikazu , Moriyama Hayato , Osako-Kabasawa Mina , Endo Kanako , Nishimura Miyuki , Udaka Keiko , Muramatsu Masamichi , Honjo Tasuku , Azuma Takachika , Shimizu Takeyuki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractClass-switched memory B cells, which are generated through the processes of somatic hypermutation (SHM) and affinity-based selection in germinal centers, contribute to the production of affinity-matured IgG antibodies in the secondary immune response. However, changes in the affinity of IgM antibodies during the immune response have not yet been studied, although IgM+ memory B cells have been shown to be generated. In order to understand the relationship between IgM affinity and the recall immune response, we prepared hybridomas producing anti-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP) IgM antibodies from C57BL/6 mice and from activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID)-deficient mice. Binding analysis by ELISA showed that mAbs obtained from the secondary immune response contained IgM mAbs with affinity lower than the affinity of mAbs obtained from the primary response. By analyzing sequences of the IgM genes of hybridomas and plasma cells, we found many unmutated VH genes. VH genes that had neither tyrosine nor glycine at position 95 were frequent. The repertoire change may correlate with the lower affinity of IgM antibodies in the secondary response. The sequence and affinity changes in IgM antibodies were shown to be independent of SHM by analyzing hybridomas from AID-deficient mice. A functional assay revealed a reciprocal relationship between affinity and complement-dependent hemolytic activity toward NP-conjugated sheep RBCs; IgM antibodies with lower affinities had higher hemolytic activity. These findings indicate that lower affinity IgM antibodies with enhanced complement activation function are produced in the secondary immune response.
Controlling immune responses by targeting antigens to dendritic cell subsets and B cells
Authors: Chappell Craig P. , Giltiay Natalia V. , Dresch Christiane , Clark Edward A. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Delivering antigens in vivo by coupling them to mAbs specific for unique receptors on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) is a promising approach for modulating immune responses. Antigen delivery to receptors found on myeloid dendritic cell (DC) subsets, plasmacytoid DCs and B cells has shown them all to be viable targets to stimulate either the cellular or humoral arms of the immune system. It is now evident that antigen-targeting approaches can also be used to invoke antigen-specific inhibition of immune responses. The outcome of activation versus inhibition is determined by a combination of factors that include the choice of APC, the receptor that is targeted, whether to include an adjuvant and, if so, which adjuvant to employ. In addition to their use as a means to modulate immune responses, antigen-targeting systems are also a useful method to investigate the function of DC subsets and the early mechanistic events that underlie the initiation of both cellular and humoral immune responses. In this review, we focus on the literature surrounding the control of B-cell responses when antigen is delivered to various APC subsets.
RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED Protein Stimulates Cell Differentiation in theArabidopsisRoot Meristem by Interacting with Cytokinin Signaling
Authors: Perilli Serena , Perez-Perez José Manuel , Di Mambro Riccardo , Peris Cristina Llavata , Díaz-Triviño Sara , Del Bianco Marta , Pierdonati Emanuela , Moubayidin Laila , Cruz-Ramírez Alfredo , Costantino Paolo , Scheres Ben , Sabatini Sabrina 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMaintenance of mitotic cell clusters such as meristematic cells depends on their capacity to maintain the balance between cell division and cell differentiation necessary to control organ growth. In the Arabidopsis thaliana root meristem, the antagonistic interaction of two hormones, auxin and cytokinin, regulates this balance by positioning the transition zone, where mitotically active cells lose their capacity to divide and initiate their differentiation programs. In animals, a major regulator of both cell division and cell differentiation is the tumor suppressor protein RETINOBLASTOMA. Here, we show that similarly to its homolog in animal systems, the plant RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED (RBR) protein regulates the differentiation of meristematic cells at the transition zone by allowing mRNA accumulation of AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR19 (ARF19), a transcription factor involved in cell differentiation. We show that both RBR and the cytokinin-dependent transcription factor ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR12 are required to activate the transcription of ARF19, which is involved in promoting cell differentiation and thus root growth.