Design and Characterization of Printed Flexible Humidity Sensor
Authors: Banothu Akhil Naik , Budhraja Vinay , Sundaravadivel Prabha , Fletcher Reginald , Reddy Krishna 
Published: August 2024

The development of humidity sensors is essential for applications in the environmental, agriculture, medical and semiconductor industries [1-2]. The basic mechanism of humidity sensors is explained by a Grotthuss chain reaction, which is usually simplified as a proton-hopping process [3]. This refers to a dynamic charge transfer process at a certain relative humidity (RH). The humidity sensors can be of different types such as capacitive type, resistive, colorimetric and surface acoustic wave [4-7]. Capacitive type sensors are linear, require less complex circuitry and can operate for a wide range of humidity [8]. A typical capacitive type humidity sensor uses hydrophilic films as sensing layers which are stable at higher humidity levels [9]. Polymers that are being used for the fabrication of capacitive type humidity sensors include poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) [9], cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) [10], polyimide [11] and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) [12]. In this work, a humidity sensor has been fabricated on glass and flexible substrates.
The design of humidity sensor consists of printed pattern of a conductor such as silver and a spin coated dielectric such as polymer poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (p-HEMA) and polyimide. The printing of conductor was done in an interdigitated pattern as shown in figure 1. The thickness of sensitive materials was controlled by varying the spin time from 10 to 30 seconds. A thick solution of sensitive materials was prepared by adding a 3 gm of polymer in 50 mL ethanol in the case of p-HEMA. Currently we are preparing one more set of samples using polyimide and we will present a comparison of two humidity sensors- one with p-HEMA and another with polyimide. A humidity sensor that employs interdigitated capacitors (IDC) printed with silver on a glass and flexible substrate was successfully fabricated using p-HEMA and polyimide at spin speed of 2000 rpm for 20 seconds. Our goal is to integrate the humidity sensor into a robotic arm to perform real-time object characterization in agricultural applications via comprehensive understanding of the operations of harvesting robots in various crop types and environmental conditions.

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Figure 1