bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A survey on sugarcane mosaic symptoms leads to the first report of sugarcane chlorotic streak virus in Cameroon
Authors: Daugrois Jean-Heinrich , Ahondopké Benoît , Galzi Serge , Julian Charlotte , Filloux Denis , Rott Philippe C. , Roumagnac Philippe 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Four sugarcane leaf samples from Cameroon showing mosaic like symptoms tested negative by RT-PCR for potyviruses and a poacevirus causing mosaic in sugarcane. Virus sequences sharing 98–99% nucleotide identity with Sugarcane chlorotic streak virus from Nigeria were found in these four samples by virion-associated nucleic acid metagenomics. Five complete genome sequences were obtained after cloning five isolates from Cameroon. These genome sequences shared less than 75–76% identity with the closest Mastrevirus species, thus confirming that Sugarcane chlorotic streak virus is a new Mastrevirus species. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Sugarcane chlorotic streak virus in Cameroon.
Reasons for boosting HIV testing and association with risky sexual behaviors in MSM population: evidence from China
Authors: Zhang Xingliang , Wang Shuo , Xu Ke , Xu Junfang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background: A regular human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing with a safe sexual behavior is an important preventive strategy in the control of HIV especially among men who have sex with men (MSM), who are in risk of HIV infection. Therefore, we aim to explore the reasons boosting HIV testing among MSM and the risky sexual behaviors behind.
Methods: An institutional based investigationwas conducted to collect data from MSM in January and December 2022in Zhejiang Coastal Public Welfare Center which is a non-government organization (NGO). The risky sexual behaviors included commercial sexual behaviors, unprotected sexual behaviors, multiple sexual partners, drug using and using sexual stimulant. The reasons for boosting MSM to have HIV testing included prevention before/after exposure, regular habit testing high risk post testing, peer driven testing, publicity and education testing and others. The factors influencing the unprotected sex, multiple sexual partners, using drugs and sexual stimulants of MSM were explored based on multivariate logistic regression.
Results:In total, 7266 MSM were incorporated in the analysis. The most important reason for boosting MSM to have an HIV testing were their regular habit testing(51.73%) followed by high risk post test (15.99%), publicity and education testing(12.72%). The population who had high risk post HIV test had the highest percentage of unprotected sex(78.83%), commercial sex(0.84%), using drugs(4.22%) and sexual stimulant(42.0%), multiple sexual partners(30.98%) and symptoms or diagnosis of sexual transmitted diseases (6.11%) compared with MSM with other HIV testing reasons respectively. Compared with the reasons for HIV testing of prevention before/after exposure, people with high-risk post testing had a higher probability of having unprotected sex (P<0.001, OR=5.804) and multiple sexual partners (P=0.041, OR=1.476). Publicity and education testing had a lower probability of having unprotected sex (P<0.001, OR=0.432) and multiple sexual partners (P=0.006, OR=0.575).
Conclusions: Reasons for boosting HIV testing among MSM were different with different risky sexual behaviors, and the rate of having risky sexual behaviors among MSM with regular HIV testing habits was lower. However, most MSM have not developed the habit of regular HIV testing. Therefore, improving the HIV testing among MSM is still important to reduce the transmission of HIV.
Polypyrrole deposited on the core-shell structured nitrogen doped porous carbon@Ag-MOF for signal amplification detection of chloride ions
Authors: Zhai Xiurong , Li Qian , Cao Yang , Han Mengjie , Sun Hailian , Du Lelin , Yang Xiyun , Wei Yuxin , Yu Congcong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

A electrochemical platform for signal amplification probing chloride ions (Cl−) was fabricated based on the composite integrating core-shell structured nitrogen doped porous carbon@Ag-based metal-organic frameworks (NC@Ag-MOF) with polypyrrole (PPy). NC@Ag-MOF was firstly synthesized with NC as the scaffold. Then, PPy was anchored on NC@Ag-MOF by chemical polymerization, so that PPy could be applied to disperse NC@Ag-MOF, and effectively improve the conductivity and stability of Ag-MOF. The composite NC@Ag-MOF-PPy was utilized to modify electrode, which could exhibit a higher peak current and lower peak potential during Ag oxidation compared with those of Ag-MOF and NC@Ag-MOF-modified electrodes. More importantly, in the coexistence of chloride (Cl−) ions in solution, NC@Ag-MOF-PPy-modified electrode could display a fairly stable and sharp peak of solid-state AgCl with the peak potentials gradually approaching to zero, which might effectively overcome the background interference caused by electroactive substances. Meanwhile, the oxidation peak currents of solid AgCl can increase linearly for the quantitative of Cl− ions in a broad range of 0.15 µM-250 mM with an low detection limit of 0.10 µM. Furthermore, the feasibility of practical applicability for Cl− ions evaluation was demonstrated in the actual samples of human serum and urine with good consequence. Therefore, these results suggest that NC@Ag-MOF-PPy composite could be a promising candidate for the construction of the electrochemical sensor.
Inaudible airborne ultrasound affects emotional states in the olfactory bulbectomized rat depression model
Authors: Yamauchi Tsugumi , Takahashi Kou , Yoshioka Toshinori , Yamada Daisuke , Nakano Yoshio , Kasai Satoka , Iriyama Satoshi , Yoshizawa Kazumi , Nishino Shoichi , Miyazaki Satoru , Saitoh Akiyoshi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Recently, exposure to sounds including ultrasound (US) components has been shown to modulate brain activity. However, the detailed US effects on emotional states remain unclear. We previously demonstrated that olfactory bulbectomized (OBX) rats, a widely used depression model are suitable for examining the effects of high-frequency audible sound on emotionality. Here we investigated the impact of inaudible US exposure on the emotional state of OBX rats. Exposure to 100 kHz US for one h did not affect the number of c-Fos-positive cells in auditory-related cortical areas, suggesting that this frequency is inaudible to rats. However, 12- and 24-h exposures to 100 kHz US improved hyperemotionality (HE) scores in OBX rats accompanied by a decrease in the plasma corticosterone levels, suggesting ameliorative effects on depression-like symptoms and stress. In contrast to HE scores, US exposure did not influence anxiety-like behaviors in the elevated plus maze. In conclusion, we demonstrated that exposure to 100 kHz US could alleviate depressive-like symptom in the OBX rat depression model. This is the first study to show that airborne US alone exposure produced the changes in emotional states in animal model. Future research is necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and determine the optimal treatment regimens.
Development of Sequential Winning Percentage Prediction Model for Badminton Competitions: Applying the Expert System Sequential Probability Ratio Test
Authors: Jo Eunhye 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
This study developed a sequential winning-percentage prediction model for badminton competitions using the expert system sequential probability ratio test (EXSPRT), aiming to calculate the difficulty of each event within a match and establish the initial prior probability.
Methods
We utilized data from 100 men's singles matches (222 games) held by the Badminton World Federation (BWF) in 2018 to evaluate event difficulty across six models for each determining factor. For setting the initial prior probability calculation method, 30 men's singles matches (74 games) organized by the BWF in 2019 were randomly selected. The odds for these matches were obtained from www.oddsportal.com.
Results
The efficacy of the six models was assessed based on application rates (15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%) of the collected odds, with the initial prior probability reflecting 25% of the odds chosen owing to its superior validity.
Conclusions
This research yielded six sequential winning percentage prediction models capable of offering real-time predictions during matches in badminton competitions by leveraging EXSPRT. These models enhance spectator engagement and provide foundational data for developing similar prediction models for other sports. Future research should focus on developing a program to identify the most effective model among the six and implement it practically.
measuring socio-economic inequality in utilization of type 2 diabetes services
Authors: Torabipour Amin , Karimi Saeed , Amini-Rarani Mostafa , Gharacheh Laleh 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Health inequities are important issue; this study was conducted in order to measuring socio-economic inequality in utilization of type 2 diabetes services.
Methods: This study is an explanatory sequential mixed method that was conducted in two Quantitative and Qualitative phases. In the Quantitative part, type 2 diabetes patients referred to health centers, hospitals and diabetes clinics in Isfahan and Khuzestan provinces were selected through available samples. Using the Concentration Index(CI) approach, the existence of inequality in utilization of type 2 diabetes services was examined. In the next step, in order to analyze the inequality, the inequality contribution of each of the determining factors was determined by concentration index analysis method. Next step, we conducted in-depth interviews with key experts in the field of health to extracted effective solutions.
Results: most of the samples were 1306 (65.3%) men. The most age group involved was799 people (40%) over 60 years. concentration index value in outpatient services was 0.31 (p<0.05), inpatient services -0.10 (p>0.05), and pharmaceutical services 0.11 (p<0.05). This means that there was a disparity in the use of outpatient and drug services for type 2 diabetic patients, while the disparity in inpatient services is not significant.
Variables contributing to inequality for outpatient services were health status (33.54%), basic insurance (27.43%) and socio-economic status (24.08%), also in pharmaceutical services, health status variable (22.20%), basic insurance (13.63%) and socio-economic status (34.35%) contributed to socio-economic inequality in utilizing from services related to type 2 diabetes patients. Also, the experts' point of view for solutions to reduce socio-economic inequalities in Iran were classified in 3 main themes (socio-economic status, health status, basic insurance) and 29 sub-themes.
Conclusion: According to the results, it is suggested that targeted health interventions for the poor patient, and the efforts towards outpatient and medicinal items insurance coverage for type 2 diabetic patients. Improving the status of variables affecting of socio-economic inequality in type 2 diabetic patients and improving the status of the country's health system, strengthening the package of basic health insurance utilization.
A Renewable, Green, and Scalable Polyacrylic Polyol (PAMO) Derived from Olive Oil for Transparent Polyurethane Coatings
Authors: Salarvand Ehsan , Omrani Ismail , nabid Mohammad reza , Salehi Milad 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

To prepare a transparent polyurethane coating, a renewable, green, and scalable polyacrylic polyol (PAMO) was synthesized from olive oil (OO) and applied as a polyol. To prepare PAMO, the olive oil was first methanolized using methanol, and methyl oleate (MO) was obtained, followed by its getting epoxidized by formic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Epoxidized methyl oleate (EMO) was ring-opened using acrylic acid (AA) with excellent yield. Further, to prepare PAMO, radical polymerization method was utilized. FT-IR, 1HNMR, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) verified the chemical structures of the synthesized monomer and polymer. Different thermoset aliphatic transparent polyurethane coatings were obtained by reacting the synthesized polyol with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), Desmodur N3390, and Desmodur Z4470. The best results were obtained using Desmodur Z4470 as the curing agent. Polyurethane obtained from PAMO and Desmodur Z4470 was acquired in three NCO/OH ratios of 0.9, 1, and 1.2, with the 1.2 NCO/OH ratio as the best-obtained result. The new polyol architecture has emerged as a new polyacrylic polyol and transparent polyurethane coatings class.
Identification of bioactive compounds and potential mechanisms of fuzi in the treatment of ulcerative colitis by integrating network pharmacology and experimental validation
Authors: Ma Miaomiao , Liang Leshi , Lin Meihong , Luo Canhua , Deng Xingfeng , Yu Changhui 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, non-specific inflammatory bowel disease with a high recurrence rate. Given that no efficient treatment for UC is currently available, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. Fuzi, as a traditional Chinese medicine, has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. However, the bioactive compounds and mechanisms of fuzi in the treatment of UC are not completely understood.
Method
The active components of fuzi were retrieved from TCMSP; PharmMapper was used to predict the target of the active components of fuzi; UC-related disease targets were obtained from OMIM and Genecards databases, and Venny2.1 was used to intersect with fuzi to obtain common targets; KEGG and GO were performed on the common targets using R 4.0.2. String, Cytoscape3.9.0 was used to construct a protein interaction network for the intersection target. We then determined the role of the candidate molecule from fuzi, Higenamine (Hig), in a mouse model of DSS-induced colitis.
Result
Totally 21 active components and 420 corresponding targets of fuzi were obtained, of which 224 common targets were identified by intersecting with UC-related targets. The GO, KEGG, and PPI results suggested that fuzi and Hig may target AKT1 to regulate the PI3K/AKT pathway in UC. Animal experiments have shown that Hig treatment greatly reduced DSS-induced colitis, as measured by the DAI score, colonic inflammation, and intestinal barrier integrity. Mechanistically, Hig downregulated the DSS-induced PI3K-AKT signaling pathway by inhibiting AKT phosphorylation.
Conclusion
Fuzi may treat UC through multiple components, targets, and pathways. The active component Hig is likely to play a role in the treatment of UC. Hig alleviated DSS-induced colitis in mice, possibly by inhibiting colon inflammation, reducing colon neutrophilic infiltration, and improving the intestinal barrier by regulating the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway.
Implementation of the magnetic Barkhausen noise technique for microstructural characterization of rail steel
Authors: Carvalho Jaime Alberto Jaramillo , Sanchez Juan Camilo , Bustamante Fabio Alexander Suárez , Cortes Daniel Gonzalo Vargas , Quiroz Luis Gonzalo Vargas , Toro Alejandro , Grijalba Freddy Armando Franco 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

In the present work the feasibility of using Magnetic Barkhausen Noise (MBN) to identify variations in the microstructure of a commercial rail steel has been studied. To achieve this purpose a brand new rail, reference R260 was sectioned to obtain two samples that were subjected to quenching and normalizing heat treatments. The hardness and microstructure of the specimens were evaluated by conventional destructive and nondestructive evaluation. The MBN technique's sensibility to characterize different microstructures was studied, and the results were contrasted with hardness and residual stress measurements. The envelope of MBN signals proved to be useful to detect the presence of martensite at the surface of rail sections, mainly because of the high density of dislocations that is typical of this micro constituent in comparison with pearlite of ferrite. The MBN signals showed strong correlation with the changes in hardness and microstructure of the samples, being the normalized sample the one with the highest amplitude signal of MBN. In contrast, the quenched sample with martensite microstructure had a lower MBN intensity. The results of this work show the potential of MBN for nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of rails in the field, which could improve the capacity of early detection of defects in railway systems.
Enhancing Gas Burner Efficiency and Reducing Exhaust Emissions: An Experimental Study on the Use of Nebulized Carbon Nanoparticles
Authors: Jodat Amin , Najafian Mojtaba , Mahian Omid 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Natural gas is a significant energy source that burns more cleanly than other fossil fuels when used in combustion chamber. Although it is the most environmentally friendly fossil fuel, the radiation heat transfer of its flame is lower than that of liquid and solid fuels, where radiation remains an important factor in heat transfer. This study involved an experiment to examine the impact of injecting nebulized carbon nanoparticles into a natural gas diffusion flame on the radiation characteristics and pollutant emissions of natural gas. The experiments and measurements were conducted by using a three-pass fire tube industrial steel boiler with a maximum capacity of 120 kW. A novel aspect of our experiment was the use of nebulizer technology to inject 1000 ppm of carbon nanoparticles at a mass flow rate of 5.5 g/min into natural gas burners, aiming to improve thermal efficiency and decrease environmental pollutants. Flame radiation heat flux and luminosity were measured using an HFS01 water-cooled heat flux sensor and a TES-1332A digital luminance meter, respectively. The findings indicate that changes in flame properties, such as brightness and heat radiation, are linked to the infrared wavelengths emitted from the flame, as well as to a 2-degree Celsius increase in water temperature at the boiler outlet. Injecting nanoparticles also lowers the chimney gas temperature while enhancing the radiation heat flux by 5%. Despite a slight decrease in the average flame temperature, this technique successfully reduces thermal NOx emissions by 8% and carbon monoxide emissions by 9%, as detected by a Testo 350 XL gas analyzer. It is important to note that this research underscores the potential benefits of using carbon nanoparticle injection to enhance burner efficiency and reduce the environmental impact of natural gas combustion.
Tropical cyclone risk to global electricity supply
Authors: Hall Jim , Thomas Fred , Mo Yu , Rui Jianan , Russell Tom , Robertson Max , Verschuur Jasper , Pant Raghav 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

To analyse the risks from Tropical Cyclones (TC) to electricity supply, we have combined a large ensemble of TC simulations with a spatial model of power networks and people served, for the entire TC belt globally. The model of electricity power failure, measured in terms of population disrupted, was calibrated against nighttime lights satellite imagery of historic TC events. Use of spatially coherent TC simulations enabled the calculation of electricity supply losses at national, regional and global scales for a range of return periods.We estimate that between 65 and 80 million people lose electric power with a return period of 1 in 100 years, depending on the TC model. Most regions show a worsening of TC-induced outages under climate change (RCP8.5 2050), except for the North Indian Ocean, where there is disagreement between TC models. Climate model uncertainty (across four GCMs) influences the estimated global population at risk by a factor of 0.91-1.05 in 2050.
Comprehensive economic losses assessment of storm surge disasters using open data: a case study of Zhoushan, China
Authors: Chen Bairu , He Zhiguo , Li Li , Chen Qian , He Junyu , Li Feixiang , Chu Dongdong , Cao Zeng , Yang Xuchao 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

As climate change continues to worsen, coastal areas are increasingly vulnerable to more frequent and severe storm surges. This poses a significant risk to economic entities, particularly in areas that have undergone rapid development. However, quantitative assessment of economic losses from storm surge disasters in China has been challenging due to limited exposure and vulnerability data. This study proposes a framework for comprehensive economic losses assessment of storm surge disasters using open data, focusing on Zhoushan City as an example. The study quantifies economic loss ratios caused by storm surges by identifying essential urban land use/cover (EULUC) and considering the water depth of different EULUC types for quantitative vulnerability assessment. The study then calculates direct economic losses using the loss ratio maps and gridded gross domestic product data and quantifies indirect economic losses (IEL) using an input–output model to account for inter-industry correlation. Results show that under the scenario of a super typhoon intensity (915 hPa), the total economic loss can reach 131 million CNY, with IEL accounting for 60% of the total. The construction and industrial sectors experience higher IEL due to excessive dependence on upstream and downstream industries, with IEL accounting for approximately 70%.
Biodegradability index (BDI) as an indicator for effluents quality measurement: A case study based on different industry sectors in Matara District, Sri Lanka
Authors: Diwyanjalee G. R. , Bellanthudawa B. K. A. , De Silva D. K. N. S. , Gunawardena A. R. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

This study addresses the crucial need for appropriate indicators to characterize aquatic pollution, given the challenges posed by unrestricted effluent discharge globally. Focusing on wastewater from hotel and tourism industries and vehicle service stations in Matara District, Sri Lanka, we explored the relationship between biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) through the biodegradability index (BDI). Monthly water samples were collected from January 2019 to December 2022, analyzed using standard methods, and statistically evaluated. Results revealed a significant spatial variation in BDI among industry sites, with a modest temporal change. The BOD:COD ratio exhibited a slight increasing trend over time, suggesting factors beyond temporal influence. BDI correlated significantly with temperature, alkalinity, and total suspended solids (TSS), emphasizing its potential as an indicator. The study underscores the importance of complementing the BOD:COD ratio with other indicators for a comprehensive assessment of industrial effluent quality. This research contributes valuable insights into understanding wastewater characteristics, facilitating informed pollution reduction and control strategies in aquatic systems.