bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SENIOR MIGRATION: SPATIAL CONSIDERATIONS OF AMENITY AND HEALTH ACCESS DRIVERS*
Authors: Dorfman Jeffrey H. , Mandich Anne M. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper extends the literature on amenity migration by focusing on healthcare access for later‐life migrants. Previous studies have strongly suggested that natural amenities are strong pull factors for later‐life migrants, but high natural amenity counties rarely possess the quality healthcare access optimal for elderly migrants. Utilizing a spatial Bayesian estimation strategy, we explicitly consider numerous drivers of later‐life migration to examine the extent to which health access is a driver in location decisions. We find healthcare access measures, including hospital expenditures, hospital beds, and number of doctors, are positively associated with later‐life migration decisions.
Subfunctionalization of arylalkylamine N‐acetyltransferases in the sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax: two‐ones for one two
Authors: Paulin Charles‐Hubert , Cazaméa‐Catalan Damien , Zilberman‐Peled Bina , Herrera‐Perez Patricia , Sauzet Sandrine , Magnanou Elodie , Fuentès Michael , Gothilf Yoav , Muñoz‐Cueto Jose Antonio , Falcón Jack , Besseau Laurence 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMelatonin is an important component of the vertebrates circadian system, synthetized from serotonin by the successive action of the arylalkylamine N‐acetyltransferase (Aanat: serotonin→N‐acetylserotonin) and acetylserotonin‐O‐methyltransferase (Asmt: N‐acetylserotonin→melatonin). Aanat is responsible for the daily rhythm in melatonin production. Teleost fish are unique because they express two Aanat genes, aanat1 and aanat2, mainly expressed in the retina and pineal gland, respectively. In silico analysis indicated that the teleost‐specific whole‐genome duplication generated Aanat1 duplicates (aanat1a and aanat1b); some fish express both of them, while others express either one of the isoforms. Here, we bring the first information on the structure, function, and distribution of Aanat1a and Aanat1b in a teleost, the sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax. Aanat1a and Aanat1b displayed a wide and distinct distribution in the nervous system and peripheral tissues, while Aanat2 appeared as a pineal enzyme. Co‐expression of Aanats with asmt was found in the pineal gland and the three retinal nuclear layers. Enzyme kinetics indicated subtle differences in the affinity and catalytic efficiency of Aanat1a and Aanat1b for indolethylamines and phenylethylamines, respectively. Our data are consistent with the idea that Aanat2 is a pineal enzyme involved in melatonin production, while Aanat1 enzymes have a broader range of functions including melatonin synthesis in the retina, and catabolism of serotonin and dopamine in the retina and other tissues. The data are discussed in light of the recently uncovered roles of N‐acetylserotonin and N‐acetyldopamine as antioxidants, neuroprotectants, and modulators of cell proliferation and enzyme activities.
An indirect method for assessing the abundance of introduced pest Myocastor coypus (Rodentia) in agricultural landscapes
Authors: Balestrieri A. , Zenato M. , Fontana E. , Vezza P. , Remonti L. , Caronni F. E. , Saino N. , Prigioni C. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPest management requires the development of robust monitoring tools. In Italy, coypu Myocastor coypus (nutria) have been controlled since the early 1990s, but the effectiveness of these measures has never been tested. With the aim of developing a reliable and volunteer‐based method for the long‐term monitoring of coypu abundance in agricultural landscapes, we calibrated an index based on surveys for coypu paths against density estimates obtained through a standardized mark–recapture technique. Two trapping sessions were performed in winter for each of 12 1‐km long stretches of irrigation canals and watercourses using 15 baited cage traps. Trapping sessions lasted 7 days each, with a 10‐day break between sessions. Population size was assessed using three methods: Peterson–Lincoln's formula, capwire estimators and accumulation curves. Active coypu paths and five habitat variables were recorded by walking on the edge of both banks. The variables were then related to population size (y) by means of multi‐regressive models, testing for the predictive power of the selected models by leave‐one‐out cross‐validation. Multi‐regressive models included only the number of coypu paths with the best performances achieved by the model based on Peterson–Lincoln formula, supporting path count as an effective method to assess the abundance of the coypu in agricultural landscapes. Concurrently, to assess the field suitability of the indirect method, surveys for coypu paths were carried out on 122 randomly chosen 3‐km long stretches of irrigation canals and watercourses in the central part of the River Po valley (c. 15 000 km2; N Italy). The highest (>8/100 m) mean number of paths was recorded in the central part of the study area. According to the regression models, the overall number of coypu is predicted to range between 350 000 and 1 100 000, raising doubts about the effectiveness of current control measures.
Phenytoin inhibits contractions of rat gastrointestinal and portal vein smooth muscle by inhibiting calcium entry
Authors: Patejdl R. , Leroux A.‐C. , Noack T. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundPhenytoin is widely used as a second‐line treatment for status epilepticus. Besides its well‐known cardiac pro‐arrhythmogenicity, side effects on other organ systems have received less attention.MethodsThis study investigates the effects of phenytoin on gastrointestinal tissue function using an in vitro model of smooth muscle preparations from rats by combining registrations of pharmacological effects on mechanical contractions, electric field potentials, and dynamic intravital fluorescence microscopy.Key ResultsWhen added to the bathing solution at a concentration of 30 μM, phenytoin reduced the frequency of spontaneous activity significantly in antrum and portal vein preparations to 72.2 ± 36.5% (p = 0.022) and 80.7 ± 24.4% (p = 0.037) of control values, respectively. At a concentration of 100 μM, the height of spontaneous contractions declined to 9.8 ± 19.6% (p = 0.005) (antrum), 15.7 ± 28.2% (p = 0.004) (portal vein), and 31.8 ± 31.3% (p = 0.005) (colon) in comparison to the control conditions before the application of phenytoin. Depolarization triggered increases in calcium dependent fluorescence signals were reduced by 52.8 ± 39.1% (p = 0.012) The inhibition of spontaneous activity caused by phenytoin was reduced in the presence of the L‐type calcium channel agonist BAY K8644(‐).Conclusions & InferencesPhenytoin exerts strong inhibitory effects on the spontaneous and stimulated contractile activity of smooth muscles from both the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract. The mechanism underlying this effect is not related to the sodium channel blocking activity of phenytoin, but is rather caused by an inhibition of calcium entry through voltage dependent L‐type calcium channels. The results of this study should raise vigilance to gastrointestinal complications in patients treated with phenytoin.
Gender differences in irritable bowel syndrome: the interpersonal connection
Authors: Thakur E. R. , Gurtman M. B. , Keefer L. , Brenner D. M. , Lackner J. M. ,   Representing the IBS Outcome Study Research Group
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundWhile irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) affects women more than men, the reasons are unclear. Research on the female preponderance of IBS has focused on gender differences in sex‐linked biological processes; much less attention has been paid to the role of psychosocial factors. Interpersonal difficulties may be one source of stress that may significantly impact on women with IBS. Because of the importance that women attach to relationships, we suspected they would be more reactive to interpersonal stress.MethodsA total of 283 (M age = 41 years, F = 80%), Rome III‐diagnosed IBS patients completed a test battery that included the IBS Symptom Severity Scale, McGill Pain Questionnaire, Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP), interpersonal support evaluation list (social support), Negative Interactions Scale, Brief Symptom Inventory (distress), Beck Depression Inventory, Anxiety Sensitivity Inventory, and IBS‐Quality of Life as part of baseline assessment of an NIH trial.Key ResultsMales scored higher on two IIP scales reflecting a hostile‐dominant interpersonal pattern, and reported less social support. The quality of relationship problems (more interpersonal difficulties, lower support) correlated with IBS symptom severity as measured mainly by gastroenterologists.Conclusions & InferencesMale, not female, IBS patients reported more interpersonal difficulties. Male patients—a population for whom little is known—are characterized by hostile‐dominant interpersonal problems. This finding has clinical importance, given that relationship problems may influence MDs' estimation of IBS symptom severity and undermine the physician–patient relationship.
Simulated heat waves affected alpine grassland only in combination with drought
Authors: De Boeck Hans J. , Bassin Seraina , Verlinden Maya , Zeiter Michaela , Hiltbrunner Erika 
Published: August 2015

Summary

The Alpine region is warming fast, and concurrently, the frequency and intensity of climate extremes are increasing. It is currently unclear whether alpine ecosystems are sensitive or resistant to such extremes.

We subjected Swiss alpine grassland communities to heat waves with varying intensity by transplanting monoliths to four different elevations (2440–660 m above sea level) for 17 d. Half of these were regularly irrigated while the other half were deprived of irrigation to additionally induce a drought at each site.

Heat waves had no significant impacts on fluorescence (Fv/Fm, a stress indicator), senescence and aboveground productivity if irrigation was provided. However, when heat waves coincided with drought, the plants showed clear signs of stress, resulting in vegetation browning and reduced phytomass production. This likely resulted from direct drought effects, but also, as measurements of stomatal conductance and canopy temperatures suggest, from increased high‐temperature stress as water scarcity decreased heat mitigation through transpiration.

The immediate responses to heat waves (with or without droughts) recorded in these alpine grasslands were similar to those observed in the more extensively studied grasslands from temperate climates. Responses following climate extremes may differ in alpine environments, however, because the short growing season likely constrains recovery.
Stress‐triggered redox signalling: what's in pROSpect?
Authors: Foyer Christine H , Noctor Graham 
Published: August 2015

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) have a profound influence on almost every aspect of plant biology. Here, we emphasize the fundamental, intimate relationships between light‐driven reductant formation, ROS, and oxidative stress, together with compartment‐specific differences in redox buffering and the perspectives for their analysis. Calculations of approximate H2O2 concentrations in the peroxisomes are provided, and based on the likely values in other locations such as chloroplasts, we conclude that much of the H2O2 detected in conventional in vitro assays is likely to be extracellular. Within the context of scant information on ROS perception mechanisms, we consider current knowledge, including possible parallels with emerging information on oxygen sensing. Although ROS can sometimes be signals for cell death, we consider that an equally important role is to transmit information from metabolism to allow appropriate cellular responses to developmental and environmental changes. Our discussion speculates on novel sensing mechanisms by which this could happen and how ROS could be counted by the cell, possibly as a means of monitoring metabolic flux. Throughout, we place emphasis on the positive effects of ROS, predicting that in the coming decades they will increasingly be defined as hallmarks of viability within a changing and challenging environment.
Photochemistry and Photobiology of the Spore Photoproduct: A 50‐Year Journey
Authors: Setlow Peter , Li Lei 
Published: August 2015

AbstractFifty years ago, a new thymine dimer was discovered as the dominant DNA photolesion in UV‐irradiated bacterial spores [Donnellan, J. E. & Setlow R. B. (1965) Science, 149, 308–310], which was later named the spore photoproduct (SP). Formation of SP is due to the unique environment in the spore core that features low hydration levels favoring an A‐DNA conformation, high levels of calcium dipicolinate that acts as a photosensitizer, and DNA saturation with small, acid‐soluble proteins that alters DNA structure and reduces side reactions. In vitro studies reveal that any of these factors alone can promote SP formation; however, SP formation is usually accompanied by the production of other DNA photolesions. Therefore, the nearly exclusive SP formation in spores is due to the combined effects of these three factors. Spore photoproduct photoreaction is proved to occur via a unique H‐atom transfer mechanism between the two involved thymine residues. Successful incorporation of SP into an oligonucleotide has been achieved via organic synthesis, which enables structural studies that reveal minor conformational changes in the SP‐containing DNA. Here, we review the progress on SP photochemistry and photobiology in the past 50 years, which indicates a very rich SP photobiology that may exist beyond endospores.
The Political Consequences of Party System Change
Authors: Nwokora Zim , Pelizzo Riccardo 
Published: August 2015

This article engages one of the important gaps in the literature on party system effects: the consequences of party system change. We discuss how existing empirical approaches to party system change do not actually capture the changeability of patterns of party competition, which is the most direct understanding of the term “party system.” We propose a measure that does exactly this: the index of fluidity. Applying this measure to countries in South East Asia, we show that party system change is associated with harmful effects, including lower foreign direct investment and deterioration of the rule of law.Related Articles

Beal, Amanda L., and
Leah Graham. 2014. “.” Politics & Policy 42 (): 311‐345. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12077/abstract

Lagunes, Paul F. 2012. “.” Politics & Policy 40 (): 802‐826. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00384.x/abstract

Luckhurst, Jonathan, and
Luis Eduardo Zavala de Alba. 2012. “.” Politics & Policy 40 (): 735‐739. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00388.x/abstract
Related Media

Cochrane, Joe. 2014. New York Times. September 4. http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/05/world/asia/in‐southeast‐asia‐indonesia‐becomes‐a‐role‐model‐for‐democracy.html?_r=0

Yueh, Linda. 2014. “Rule of Law v. Rule of Party.” BBC Online. October 24. http://www.bbc.com/news/business‐29754688

Pilling, David. 2014. Financial Times. June 8. http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/da2c5ee0‐779e‐11e3‐807e‐00144feabdc0.html#axzz3ZXbY2NXV
Methodological recommendations for a heartbeat detection‐based measure of interoceptive sensitivity
Authors: Kleckner Ian R. , Wormwood Jolie Baumann , Simmons W. Kyle , Barrett Lisa Feldman , Quigley Karen S. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHeartbeat detection tasks are often used to measure cardiac interoceptive sensitivity—the ability to detect sensations from one's heart. However, there is little work to guide decisions on the optimum number of trials to use, which should balance reliability and power against task duration and participant burden. Here, 174 participants completed 100 trials of a widely used heartbeat detection task where participants attempt to detect whether presented tones occurred synchronously or asynchronously with their heartbeats. First, we quantified measurement reliability of the participant's accuracy derived from differing numbers of trials of the task using a correlation metric; we found that at least 40–60 trials were required to yield sufficient reliability. Next, we quantified power by simulating how the number of trials influenced the ability to detect a correlation between cardiac interoceptive sensitivity and other variables that differ across participants, including a variable measured from our sample (body mass index) as well as simulated variables of varying effect sizes. Using these simulations, we quantified the trade‐offs between sample size, effect size, and number of trials in the heartbeat detection task such that a researcher can easily determine any one of these variables at given values of the other two variables. We conclude that using fewer than 40 trials is typically insufficient due to poor reliability and low power in estimating an effect size, although the optimal number of trials can differ by study.
Cinacalcet and Clinical Outcomes in Dialysis
Authors: Komaba Hirotaka , Fukagawa Masafumi 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSecondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is a common complication of end‐stage renal disease and is one of the most prominent causes of a markedly increased risk of death and cardiovascular disease in this patient population. Cinacalcet hydrochloride is a new option for the treatment of SHPT, and the efficacy and effectiveness to lower parathyroid hormone levels and to improve control of mineral metabolism, even in patients with severe disease, has been well established in many clinical trials and observational studies. Currently, the focus has moved to the impact of cinacalcet on hard clinical outcomes, and two randomized controlled trials, ADVANCE and EVOLVE, have been performed to assess the effects of cinacalcet on cardiovascular calcification and the risk of cardiovascular events and mortality, respectively. Although the primary analysis of both trials did not find significant effects of cinacalcet, the benefit of cinacalcet was suggested in the subanalyses in which the potential problems of the trials were taken into account. These positive results are consistent with experimental studies showing favorable effects of cinacalcet on bone metabolism and vascular calcification, providing plausibility to support the beneficial effects of cinacalcet. Definitive evidence is, however, still lacking, and further efforts should be made to establish the optimal role of cinacalcet in the treatment of SHPT.
HLA alleles and haplotypes in Burmese (Myanmarese) and Karen in Thailand
Authors: Kongmaroeng C. , Romphruk A. , Puapairoj C. , Leelayuwat C. , Kulski J. K. , Inoko H. , Dunn D. S. , Romphruk A. V. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis is the first report on human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele and haplotype frequencies at three class I loci and two class II loci in unrelated healthy individuals from two ethnic groups, 170 Burmese and 200 Karen, originally from Burma (Myanmar), but sampled while residing in Thailand. Overall, the HLA allele and haplotype frequencies detected by polymerase chain reaction sequence‐specific primer (PCR‐SSP) at five loci (A, B, C,DRB1andDRQB1) at low resolution showed distinct differences between the Burmese and Karen. In Burmese, fiveHLA‐B*15haplotypes with differentHLA‐A andHLA‐DR/DQcombinations were detected with three of these not previously reported in other Asian populations. The data are important in the fields of anthropology, transplantation and disease‐association studies.
The middle and upper Lochkovian (Lower Devonian) conodont successions in key peri‐Gondwana localities (Spanish Central Pyrenees and Prague Synform) and their relevance for global correlations
Authors: Valenzuela‐Ríos José Ignacio , Slavík Ladislav , Liao Jau‐Chyn , Calvo Helena , Hušková Aneta , Chadimová Leona 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDetailed correlation, based on conodont sequences, between middle and upper Lochkovian carbonate successions from two key peri‐Gondwanan regions, the Spanish Central Pyrenees and the Prague Synform, is attained for the first time. This correlation facilitates the definition of tie points for further multidisciplinary studies that seek to establish high‐resolution temporal subdivision and global correlation. Some intervals have a precision of less than 0.5 Ma, which is significantly greater than in previous studies. The estimated elapsed time considered herein is about 3.2 Ma and is subdivided into five major zones of global scope: transitans‐trigonicus, trigonicus‐kutscheri, kutscheri‐pandora β, pandora β‐gilberti and gilberti‐steinachensis β. By providing tie points and globally applicable criteria, this research contributes to the international cooperative effort to subdivide the Devonian standard stages into globally recognised substages.
Drug‐induced immune hemolytic anemia associated with anti‐carboplatin and the first example of anti‐paclitaxel
Authors: Leger Regina M. , Jain Shweta , Nester Theresa A. , Kaplan Henry 
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUNDCombined chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel is first‐line treatment for lung and ovarian cancer. Drug‐induced antibodies to carboplatin are rare but can cause severe, even fatal, hemolysis. Paclitaxel‐induced immune hemolysis has not been reported. We describe a case of immune‐mediated hemolysis associated with antibodies to carboplatin and paclitaxel in a woman with ovarian cancer who had received multiple chemotherapeutic agents over 7 years, including several courses of these two drugs. She required many transfusions. During a chemotherapy infusion the patient became hypotensive, was pale, and had rigors and red urine. The nadir hematocrit was 12.4%; peak bilirubin and lactate dehydrogenase were 16.3 mg/dL and 1188 units/L, respectively.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSBlood samples collected within hours after chemotherapy and 2 days later were tested for antibodies to carboplatin and paclitaxel.RESULTSThe direct antiglobulin test was positive with anti‐IgG (3+) and anti‐C3 (2+). The plasma collected shortly after chemotherapy agglutinated carboplatin‐treated red blood cells (RBCs); untreated and paclitaxel‐treated RBCs both reacted at the antiglobulin test most likely due to circulating carboplatin, paclitaxel, or both drugs. Serum collected 2 days later agglutinated (titer 2) and sensitized (titer 128) carboplatin‐treated RBCs; untreated and paclitaxel‐treated RBCs were nonreactive. An acid eluate reacted weakly in the presence of polyethylene glycol with carboplatin‐treated RBCs. The serum reacted with untreated and enzyme‐treated RBCs in the presence of soluble carboplatin and paclitaxel.CONCLUSIONAnti‐carboplatin and the first example of anti‐paclitaxel were detected in this patient's sample.