bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post‐marketing monitoring of intussusception after rotavirus vaccination in Japan
Authors: Bauchau Vincent , Van Holle Lionel , Mahaux Olivia , Holl Katsiaryna , Sugiyama Keiji , Buyse Hubert 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPurposeRotarixTM was launched in November 2011 in Japan to prevent rotavirus gastroenteritis. Some studies suggest that RotarixTM may have a temporal association with a risk of intussusception (IS). We assessed a possible association between IS and RotarixTM vaccination in Japan.MethodsAll IS cases spontaneously reported post‐vaccination (Brighton collaboration levels 1, 2, and 3) were extracted from the GlaxoSmithKline spontaneous report database on the 11th of January 2013. Expected numbers of IS cases were estimated using the number of vaccine doses distributed and the Japanese incidence rate of IS stratified by month of age. The observed versus expected analysis considered the IS cases for each risk period (7 and 30 days post‐vaccination) and for each vaccine dose (two doses).ResultsBefore January 2013, approximately 601 000 RotarixTM doses were distributed in Japan. For a risk period of 7 days post‐dose 1 and post‐dose 2, 10 and five IS cases were observed, whereas 3.4 and 7.6 were expected, providing an observed‐to‐expected ratio of 2.96 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.42; 5.45) and 0.66 (95% CI: 0.21; 1.53), respectively. For a risk period of 30 days post‐dose 1 and post‐dose 2, 14 and eight cases were observed, whereas 14.5 and 32.7 were expected, providing an observed‐to‐expected ratio of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.53; 1.62) and 0.24 (95% CI: 0.11; 0.48), respectively.ConclusionA statistically significant excess of IS cases was observed within 7 days post‐dose 1, but not post‐dose 2. These results are consistent with previous observations in large post‐marketing safety studies in other world regions. © 2015 The Authors. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insulin and other antidiabetic drugs and hepatocellular carcinoma risk: a nested case‐control study based on Italian healthcare utilization databases
Authors: Bosetti Cristina , Franchi Matteo , Nicotra Federica , Asciutto Rosario , Merlino Luca , La Vecchia Carlo , Corrao Giovanni 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPurposeInsulin and other antidiabetic drugs may modulate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk in diabetics.MethodsWe have analyzed the role of various antidiabetic drugs on HCC in a nested case‐control study using the healthcare utilization databases of the Lombardy Region in Italy. This included 190 diabetic subjects with a hospital discharge reporting a diagnosis of malignant HCC and 3772 diabetic control subjects matched to each case on sex, age, date at cohort entry, and duration of follow‐up.ResultsIncreased risks of HCC were found for use of insulin (odds ratio [OR] = 3.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.52–5.51), sulfonylureas (OR = 1.39, 95%CI 0.98–1.99), and repaglinide (OR = 2.12, 95%CI 1.38–3.26), while a reduced risk was found for use of metformin (OR = 0.57, 95%CI 0.41–0.79). The risk of HCC increased with increasing duration of insulin use (OR = 2.52 for <1 year, 5.41 for 1–2 years, and 6.01 for ≥2 years; p for trend < 0.001), while no clear pattern with duration was observed for sulfonylureas, repaglinide, and metformin.ConclusionOur study supports the evidence that patients with diabetes using metformin, and possibly other antidiabetic drugs that increase insulin sensibility, have a reduced risk of HCC, while those using insulin or drugs that increase circulating insulin, such as insulin secretagogues, have an increased risk. Whether these associations are causal, or influenced by different severity of diabetes and/or possible residual bias or misclassification, is still open to discussion. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Health literacy among pharmacy visitors in the Netherlands
Authors: Koster Ellen S. , Philbert Daphne , Bouvy Marcel L. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPurposeHealth literacy is defined as the ability to obtain, understand and apply information to make appropriate health decisions. Most health literacy research has been performed in the USA. Our objective was to study the prevalence of limited health literacy among adult pharmacy visitors in the Netherlands and to assess the association between health literacy and understanding of drug label information.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was performed in community pharmacies belonging to the Utrecht Pharmacy Practice network for Education and Research. Adult pharmacy visitors (aged ≥18 years) were approached in the pharmacy waiting area and invited for a brief interview including the newest vital sign, a validated health literacy assessment measure and questions about understanding of standard drug label instructions.ResultsA total of 984 pharmacy visitors were included in the study: 63% were women, mean age was 56 years and the majority was of native origin (84%). Based on newest vital sign scores, 52% had limited health literacy skills. Pharmacy visitors with limited health literacy skills had significantly lower understanding of drug label instructions (p < 0.001).ConclusionApproximately half of the pharmacy visitors in this study had limited health literacy skills. These individuals experienced more difficulties understanding drug label instructions. These findings emphasize the need to identify patients with limited health literacy skills, as these patients might be at increased risk for drug‐related problems caused by misunderstanding of information. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms in family caregivers of adult patients with acute leukemia from a dyadic perspective
Authors: Jia Mutian , Li Jie , Chen Chunyan , Cao Fenglin 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundAcute leukemia is a fatal disease in adults that not only affects the patients who suffer from it but also their family caregivers. No studies have investigated post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms (PTSS) in family caregivers of adult patients with acute leukemia using a matched sample. The current study examined PTSS in adult patients with acute leukemia and their family caregivers and investigated the factors associated with caregivers' PTSS.MethodsA total of 163 patient–caregiver dyads completed questionnaires assessing their PTSS, psychological resilience, and perceived social support. Hierarchical linear regression was used to explore the related factors of caregivers' PTSS.ResultsMore caregivers than patients met caseness criteria for PTSS (36.8% vs. 18.4%, p < 0.001). Among caregivers, being more closely related to the patients (e.g., spouses and parents), having patients with higher PTSS and having lower psychological resilience were independently associated with more severe PTSS.ConclusionsCaregivers of acute leukemia patients had significantly more severe PTSS than did their patients. This study is the first to investigate PTSS among family caregivers of adult patients with acute leukemia and its related factors in a matched sample. More attention should be paid to the caregivers of patients with acute leukemia to minimize their PTSS and thus improve mental health of caregivers and reduce potential negative consequences for the patients themselves. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Field resistance to the Bacillus thuringiensis protein Cry1Ac expressed in Bollgard® hybrid cotton in pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), populations in India
Authors: Mohan Komarlingam S , Ravi Kadanur C , Suresh Pennadam J , Sumerford Douglas , Head Graham P 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDBollgard® cotton, expressing Cry1Ac insecticidal protein, was approved for commercial planting in India in 2002, and by 2009 constituted 87% of the Indian crop, reducing losses from lepidopteran pests, including pink bollworm (PBW), Pectinophora gossypiella. Inadequate control of PBW in fields of single‐gene Bollgard cotton was reported in 2009; surveys revealed heavy infestations of PBW in Bollgard, restricted to Gujarat state, but not elsewhere in India.RESULTSBioassays of PBW strains from Bollgard bolls showed that, while susceptible PBW could not complete development to third and later instar at 10.0 µg Cry1Ac mL−1, 66.1% of larvae from Gujarat Bollgard strains could. A field‐resistant strain, further selected in the laboratory, had susceptibility to Cry1Ac reduced by >2000‐fold. Resistance to Cry1Ac did not confer cross‐resistance to the Cry2Ab2 protein. In 2010, Bollgard fields in Gujarat continued to be infested with PBW, and many Bollgard fields in the adjoining states of Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh showed high‐level infestation by PBW.CONCLUSIONInadequate planting of refuges for PBW is the likely explanation for the field resistance to Bt cotton observed in Gujarat. These findings underscore the higher vulnerability of single‐gene Bt products relative to dual‐gene products expressing Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab2, and the increased risk of resistance evolution with low refuge compliance. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging of biological samples with delayed extraction for high mass and high spatial resolutions
Authors: Vanbellingen Quentin P. , Elie Nicolas , Eller Michael J. , Della‐Negra Serge , Touboul David , Brunelle Alain 
Published: May 2015

RationaleIn Time‐of‐Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS), pulsed and focused primary ion beams enable mass spectrometry imaging, a method which is particularly useful to map various small molecules such as lipids at the surface of biological samples. When using TOF‐SIMS instruments, the focusing modes of the primary ion beam delivered by liquid metal ion guns can provide either a mass resolution of several thousand or a sub‐µm lateral resolution, but the combination of both is generally not possible.MethodsWith a TOF‐SIMS setup, a delayed extraction applied to secondary ions has been studied extensively on rat cerebellum sections in order to compensate for the effect of long primary ion bunches.ResultsThe use of a delayed extraction has been proven to be an efficient solution leading to unique features, i.e. a mass resolution up to 10000 at m/z 385.4 combined with a lateral resolution of about 400 nm. Simulations of ion trajectories confirm the experimental determination of optimal delayed extraction and allow understanding of the behavior of ions as a function of their mass‐to‐charge ratio.ConclusionsAlthough the use of a delayed extraction has been well known for many years and is very popular in MALDI, it is much less used in TOF‐SIMS. Its full characterization now enables secondary ion images to be recorded in a single run with a submicron spatial resolution and with a mass resolution of several thousand. This improvement is very useful when analyzing lipids on tissue sections, or rare, precious, or very small size samples. © 2015 The Authors. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Correlation between frictional force and surface roughness of orthodontic archwires
Authors: Choi Samjin , Hwang Eun‐Young , Park Hun‐Kuk , Park Young‐Guk 
Published: May 2015

SummaryLateral force microscopy measures the lateral bending of the cantilever depending on the frictional force acting between the tip and surface. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the relationship between the surface roughness and frictional resistance of four archwire and bracket combinations consisting of the 0.016‐inch NiTi and 0.019 × 0.025‐inch stainless steel archwires interacting clinically with two representative self‐ligating brackets, active‐type Clippy‐C® ceramic self‐ligating brackets, and passive‐type Damon® stainless steel self‐ligating brackets, using the lateral force microscopy technique. A 0.016‐inch NiTi archwire interacting with passive‐type Damon® stainless steel self‐ligating brackets showed the smoothest surface roughness and the lowest frictional resistance compared to other combinations. The archwires interacting with passive‐type Damon® stainless steel self‐ligating brackets showed significantly lower surface roughness and frictional resistance than those interacting with active‐type Clippy‐C® ceramic self‐ligating brackets. The frictional force in the in vivo archwire and bracket system increased with increasing surface roughness of the archwire. This positive correlation suggests that surface roughness can be used as an evaluating marker for estimating the efficiency of orthodontic treatment, rather than the direct measurement of frictional force. SCANNING 37:399–405, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Careers “From” but not “in” science: Why are aspirations to be a scientist challenging for minority ethnic students?
Authors: Wong Billy 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThe importance of science to the economy and for the progression of society is widely acknowledged. Yet, there are concerns that minority ethnic students in the UK are underrepresented, and even excluded, from post‐compulsory science education and careers in science. Drawing on an exploratory study of 46 semi‐structured interviews with British young people (aged 11–14) from Black Caribbean, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Indian, and Chinese ethnic backgrounds, this paper explores why careers in science are not popular aspirations among minority ethnic students, while careers from science are highly sought after. Using sociological theories of identity, this paper argues that gender and ethnic identities can operate in multifaceted ways to influence students' careers aspirations. Being a scientist is constructed by students as a highly gendered and racialized profession, which may reflect popular discourse of scientist as typically for “white men.” Careers from science, particularly in medicine, appeared popular among some, but not all, minority ethnic groups, as being a medical staff is considered intrinsically and extrinsically rewarding. Implications of the findings for the science education of minority ethnic students are discussed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 52: 979–1002, 2015.
Synthesis and Characterization of the Quaternary Thio­aluminogermanates A(AlS2)(GeS2) (A = Na, K)
Authors: Al‐Bloushi Mohammed , Davaasuren Bambar , Emwas Abdul‐Hamid , Rothenberger Alexander 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe quaternary thioaluminogermanates Na(AlS2)(GeS2) (1) and K(AlS2)(GeS2) (2) crystallize in the tetragonal space group I4/mcm (no. 140) with unit cell parameters a = 7.4274(11) Å, c = 5.8560(12) Å for Na(AlS2)(GeS2) and a = 7.8826(2) Å, c = 5.8642(4) Å for K(AlS2)(GeS2). The crystal structure comprises of one‐dimensional [(AlS2)(GeS2)]– anionic chains with Al and Ge sharing the tetrahedral site. The alkali metal cations fill the square antiprismatic voids between chains. Both 1 and 2 are semiconductors with bandgap of around 3.6 eV and 3.5 eV, respectively.
Three Coordination Polymers Constructed with Zinc(II), 3,3′‐Thiodipropionic Acid, and Bipyridyl Ligands: Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Luminescent Properties
Authors: Cheng Hong‐Jian , Shen Ya‐Li , Zhang Shi‐Yi , Ji Hong‐Wei , Yin Wen‐Yu , Li Kun , Yuan Rong‐Xin 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThree zinc(II) coordination polymers {[Zn(tdpa)(bpe)]·2H2O}n (1), [Zn(tdpa)(bpp)]n (2), and [Zn(tdpa)(bpypa)]n (3) were obtained by solvothermal reactions of Zn(NO3)2·6H2O with 3,3′‐thiodipropionic acid (H2tdpa) and corresponding N‐donor ligands, namely, trans‐1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethylene (bpe), 1,3‐bis(4‐pyridyl)propane (bpp), and 4,4′‐bis(4‐pyridyl)diphenylamine (bpypa) respectively. Complexes 1–3 were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, as well as powder and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Compound 1 can be considered as a 3D supramolecular architecture based on 2D undulated (4,4) layers, which are connected through hydrogen bonding interactions. 2 possesses a twofold interpenetrating 2D network, whereas 3 exhibits a 3D supramolecular structure based on 2D (658) layers through hydrogen‐bonding interactions and π···π stacking interactions. The photoluminescent properties of 1–3 were also investigated.
Structural Characterization of Neutral Glycosphingolipids from 3T3‐L1 Adipocytes
Authors: Kojima Hisao , Suzuki Yusuke , Ito Masahiro , Kabayama Kazuya 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn recent years, obesity has been considered a pathological stage of early lifestyle‐related diseases, and adipose tissue and adipocyte research has been active. Glycosphingolipids are involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes induced by insulin resistance, but the details of the glycosphingolipid molecular species composition of adipocytes have yet to be elucidated. We used 3T3‐L1 adipocytes and the 1,2‐dichloroethane‐wash method to remove triacylglycerols, which are abundant in adipocytes, and analyzed the structures of glycosphingolipids, particularly neutral glycosphingolipids, using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry.
Validity of an FFQ assessing the vitamin D intake of young Serbian women living in a region without food fortification: the method of triads model
Authors: Djekic-Ivankovic Marija , Weiler Hope A , Nikolic Marina , Kadvan Agnes , Gurinovic Mirjana , Mandic Ljuba M , Glibetic Maria 
Published: May 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the present study was to examine the external validity of an FFQ designed to estimate dietary vitamin D intake compared with a plasma biomarker and three repeated 24 h dietary recalls in women of reproductive age in Serbia, where there is no exposure to food fortified with vitamin D. The method of triads was applied.DesignIn a cross-sectional study, 422 women completed the Women and Reproductive Health FFQ (WRH-FFQ) during the winter months. From a representative subgroup (n44), three 24 h dietary recalls and anthropometric parameters were collected as well as a fasting blood sample for vitamin D biomarker analyses. Correlation coefficients were calculated between each of the dietary methods. Validity coefficients, as a correlation between the measured and estimated ‘true’ exposure, were calculated using the method of triads. Bland–Altman plots were also constructed.SettingThree major universities in Serbia.SubjectsHealthy young women (n422) aged 18–35 years.ResultsThe WRH-FFQ estimate of vitamin D intake for all participants was 4·0 (sd3·3) µg/d and 3·1 (sd2·3) µg/d for the subgroup. Bland–Altman plots for these intakes showed high agreement. Validity coefficients for the FFQ, 24 h recall and biomarker wereρQI=0·847 (95 % CI 0·564, 0·928),ρRI=0·810 (95 % CI 0·537, 0·997) andρBI=0·499 (95 % CI 0·190, 0·840), while the correlation coefficients were 0·686, 0·422 and 0·404.ConclusionsThe FFQ applied in the present study is a valid tool for assessing dietary vitamin D intake in women living in Serbia, a region without mandatory vitamin D food fortification.
AMPK activation promotes lipid droplet dispersion on detyrosinated microtubules to increase mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation
Authors: Herms Albert , Bosch Marta , Reddy Babu J.N. , Schieber Nicole L. , Fajardo Alba , Rupérez Celia , Fernández-Vidal Andrea , Ferguson Charles , Rentero Carles , Tebar Francesc , Enrich Carlos , Parton Robert G. , Gross Steven P. , Pol Albert 
Published: May 2015

AbstractLipid droplets (LDs) are intracellular organelles that provide fatty acids (FAs) to cellular processes including synthesis of membranes and production of metabolic energy. While known to move bidirectionally along microtubules (MTs), the role of LD motion and whether it facilitates interaction with other organelles are unclear. Here we show that during nutrient starvation, LDs and mitochondria relocate on detyrosinated MT from the cell centre to adopt a dispersed distribution. In the cell periphery, LD–mitochondria interactions increase and LDs efficiently supply FAs for mitochondrial beta-oxidation. This cellular adaptation requires the activation of the energy sensor AMPK, which in response to starvation simultaneously increases LD motion, reorganizes the network of detyrosinated MTs and activates mitochondria. In conclusion, we describe the existence of a specialized cellular network connecting the cellular energetic status and MT dynamics to coordinate the functioning of LDs and mitochondria during nutrient scarcity.
Novel insights into the pathogenicity of epidemic Aeromonas hydrophila ST251 clones from comparative genomics
Authors: Pang Maoda , Jiang Jingwei , Xie Xing , Wu Yafeng , Dong Yuhao , Kwok Amy H. Y. , Zhang Wei , Yao Huochun , Lu Chengping , Leung Frederick C. , Liu Yongjie 
Published: May 2015

AbstractOutbreaks in fish of motile Aeromonad septicemia (MAS) caused by Aeromonas hydrophila have caused a great concern worldwide. Here, for the first time, we provide two complete genomes of epidemic A. hydrophila strains isolated in China. To gain an insight into the pathogenicity of epidemic A. hydrophila, we performed comparative genomic analyses of five epidemic strains belonging to sequence type (ST) 251, together with the environmental strain ATCC 7966T. We found that the known virulence factors, including a type III secretion system, a type VI secretion system and lateral flagella, are not required for the high virulence of the ST251 clonal group. Additionally, our work identifies three utilization pathways for myo-inositol, sialic acid and L-fucose providing clues regarding the factors that underlie the epidemic and virulent nature of ST251 A. hydrophila. Based on the geographical distribution and biological resources of the ST251 clonal group, we conclude that ST251 is a high-risk clonal group of A. hydrophila which may be responsible for the MAS outbreaks in China and the southeastern United States.
Characterizing the size and shape of sea ice floes
Authors: Gherardi Marco , Lagomarsino Marco Cosentino 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMonitoring drift ice in the Arctic and Antarctic regions directly and by remote sensing is important for the study of climate, but a unified modeling framework is lacking. Hence, interpretation of the data, as well as the decision of what to measure, represent a challenge for different fields of science. To address this point, we analyzed, using statistical physics tools, satellite images of sea ice from four different locations in both the northern and southern hemispheres and measured the size and the elongation of ice floes (floating pieces of ice). We find that (i) floe size follows a distribution that can be characterized with good approximation by a single length scale "Equation missing", which we discuss in the framework of stochastic fragmentation models and (ii) the deviation of their shape from circularity is reproduced with remarkable precision by a geometric model of coalescence by freezing, based on random Voronoi tessellations, with a single free parameter "Equation missing"expressing the shape disorder. Although the physical interpretations remain open, this advocates the parameters "Equation missing"and "Equation missing"as two independent indicators of the environment in the polar regions, which are easily accessible by remote sensing.