bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forecasts of habitat suitability improve habitat corridor efficacy in rapidly changing environments
Authors: Gregory Stephen D. , Ancrenaz Marc , Brook Barry W. , Goossens Benoit , Alfred Raymond , Ambu Laurentius N. , Fordham Damien A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimHabitat fragmentation threatens species’ persistence by increasing subpopulation isolation and vulnerability to stochastic events, and its impacts are expected to worsen under climate change. By reconnecting isolated fragments, habitat corridors should dampen the synergistic impacts of habitat and climate change on population viability. Choosing which fragments to reconnect is typically informed by past and current environmental conditions. However, habitat and climate are dynamic and change over time. Habitat suitability projections could inform fragment selection using current and future conditions, ensuring that corridors connect persistent fragments. We compare the efficacy of using current‐day and future forecasts of breeding habitat to inform corridor placement under land cover and climate‐change mitigation and no mitigation scenarios by evaluating their influence on subpopulation abundance, and connectivity and long‐term metapopulation abundance. Our case study is the threatened orangutan metapopulation in Sabah.LocationSabah, Malaysian Borneo.MethodsUsing coupled niche–population models that capture a metapopulation distribution and its major processes, we forecast the effect of current‐day and future‐informed habitat corridor implementations under two scenarios where (1) land cover and climate change continue unabated (no mitigation) and (2) local and international cooperation mitigates their synergistic impact (mitigation).ResultsWe show that Future‐informed corridor placement maximizes long‐term metapopulation abundance when human‐driven land cover and climate change alter the spatio‐temporal composition of suitable habitat. By contrast, there is no apparent benefit in using future forecasts of breeding habitat to inform corridor placement if conditions remain comparatively stable. For the Sabah orangutan under unabated land cover and climate change, habitat corridors should connect current‐day populated eastern habitat fragments with vacant fragments in the state's west.Main conclusionsThe efficacy of habitat corridors can be improved by using habitat‐suitability model projections to inform corridor placement in rapidly changing environments, even for long‐lived, low‐fecundity, philopatric species such as orangutan.
The hegemony of the ‘despots’: the control of avifaunas over vast continental areas
Authors: Mac Nally Ralph , Kutt Alex S. , Eyre Teresa J. , Perry Justin J. , Vanderduys Eric P. , Mathieson Michael , Ferguson Daniel J. , Thomson James R. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimWe explored whether one native bird (the yellow‐throated miner Manorina flavigula) greatly affected the composition of avifaunas in > 500,000 km2 in northern Australia.LocationRangelands of north‐eastern AustraliaMethodsRepeated avian surveys were conducted in 368 locations, for which in‐site vegetation and landscape‐contextual measurements were made. Hierarchical Bayesian models were used to determine whether avian assemblages were affected by variation in abundances of the yellow‐throated miner.ResultsVariation in the abundances of the yellow‐throated miner appeared to be governed largely by vegetation cover in surrounding landscapes. Summed abundances and richness of birds less massive than the yellow‐throated miner (< 53 g) were negatively associated with abundances of the yellow‐throated miner. Variation in other widely distributed species with larger body masses than the yellow‐throated miner (> 53 g) bird could not explain the patterns of variation in small‐bodied species as well as the yellow‐throated miner. There were no relationships between abundances and richness of larger species and abundances of the yellow‐throated miner.Main conclusionsThe genus Manorina appears to be a competitive despot insofar as species smaller than it are concerned. There now is strong evidence that the local composition of avifaunas over much of a continent is controlled by the indiscriminate aggression of a colonial genus. Many of the existing ideas in community ecology that have been proffered for explaining the composition of vertebrate assemblages are inadequate for these assemblages given the profound influence of species of the genus Manorina. The mooted agricultural expansion of development in northern Australia almost certainly would favour the spread of the yellow‐throated miner and probably will depress the occurrence and abundances of small‐bodied bird species.
Dendrochronological reconstruction of the epicentre and early spread of emerald ash borer inNorthAmerica
Authors: Siegert Nathan W. , McCullough Deborah G. , Liebhold Andrew M. , Telewski Frank W. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimEmerald ash borerAgrilus planipenniswas identified in 2002 as the cause of extensive ash (Fraxinusspp.) decline and mortality in Detroit, Michigan, and has since killed millions of ash trees in theUSand Canada. When discovered, it was not clear how long it had been present or at what location the invading colony started. We used dendrochronological methods to document the onset and progression of ash mortality and the spatio‐temporal dynamics of the invasion. Reconstructing the progression of ash mortality serves as a proxy to draw inferences about the colonization and spread of emerald ash borer in North America.LocationSoutheastern Michigan,USA.MethodsWe collected increment cores from dead, declining or non‐symptomatic ash trees on a systematic 4.8 × 4.8 or 2.4 × 2.4 km grid in 2004–2006. Geo‐referenced samples were cross‐dated to determine the earliest date emerald ash borer‐killed trees in each location. Interpolated dates of ash mortality were analysed to determine rates and patterns of emerald ash borer spread across the 1.5 million ha study area.ResultsWe identified a location in southeastern Michigan where ash trees were killed by emerald ash borer as early as 1997. Rates of ash mortality subsequently progressed at 3.84 km year−1from 1998 to 2001 and then increased to 12.97 km year−1from 2001 to 2003 as satellite colonies coalesced with the primary infestation. From 1998 to 2003, new satellites formed at a rate of 7.4 per year, with average jump distances of 24.5 km.Main conclusionsEmerald ash borer was likely established in southeastern Michigan by at least the early to mid‐1990s. Anthropogenic‐aided stratified dispersal and the coalescence of satellite colonies with the primary population resulted in biphasic range expansion, rapidly expanding the footprint of the invasion. Our reconstruction of the emerald ash borer invasion demonstrates this invaders’ remarkable capacity for population growth and spread.
Learning Emergent Strategies Through Design Thinking
Authors: Fixson Sebastian K. , Rao Jay 
Published: April 2014

Analyzing a new business opportunity with traditional business tools, which are based on the logic of predictability, can handicap a new project before it even begins. That's why Babson educators teach emergent strategy, and they do it using design thinking.When the variables are unknown, predicting outcomes a priori with traditional business analytics is often a losing proposition. At Babson College, educators teach emergent strategy, which uses ideation, prototyping, and iteration—tools more familiar to entrepreneurs and design thinkers.
Electrophysiological and behavioural response of Aedes albopictus to n‐heinecosane, an ovipositional pheromone of Aedes aegypti
Authors: Gonzalez Paula V. , González Audino Paola A. , Masuh Héctor M. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) are highly anthropophilic mosquito species and potential vectors of dengue and yellow fever. The location of suitable sites for oviposition requires a set of visual, tactile, and olfactory cues that influence females before they lay their eggs. In this study, the effect of n‐heneicosane, a recognized oviposition pheromone of Ae. aegypti, on the olfactory receptors of the antennae of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus was studied using electroantennographic detection coupled to gas chromatography (GC‐EAD). A significant electroantennographic response to n‐heneicosane in adult females of both mosquito species was observed. In addition, gravid Ae. albopictus females laid more eggs in substrate treated with n‐heneicosane at 0.1, 1, or 10 p.p.m. than in the control, denoting oviposition attractancy. Conversely, at 30, 50, 100, and 200 p.p.m., more eggs were laid in the control substrate, indicating oviposition repellency. Analysis of the larval cuticle by GC and mass spectrometry confirmed the presence of n‐heneicosane in the cuticles of Ae. albopictus larvae. The species‐specific role of n‐heneicosane as an oviposition pheromone in Ae. aegypti and its significance as a behaviour modifier of Ae. albopictus in breeding sites is discussed.
Cross‐resistance of chrysanthemum to western flower thrips, celery leafminer, and two‐spotted spider mite
Authors: Kos Suzanne P. , Klinkhamer Peter G.L. , Leiss Kirsten A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractChrysanthemum [Chrysanthemum × morifolium Ramat. (Asteraceae)] is one of the economically most important greenhouse ornamentals worldwide. A major constraint in chrysanthemum production is adequate pest management, requiring the use of different tactics, such as improving host plant resistance, in the framework of an integrated pest management (IPM) approach. In this study, we investigated cross‐resistance of chrysanthemum to its three major pests: western flower thrips [Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)], celery leafminer [Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae)], and two‐spotted spider mite [Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)]. We quantified resistance to each pest by performing greenhouse bioassays with a broad range of chrysanthemum types from commercial germplasm provided by Dutch breeding companies. Considerable variation was detected among the chrysanthemum cultivars in thrips silver damage and growth damage, leafminer damage, measured as number of mines and pupae, and spider mite numbers and damage. We observed significant positive correlations between thrips damage (both silver and growth damage) vs. leafminer numbers (both mines and pupae), and between leafminer numbers (both mines and pupae) vs. spider mite numbers. Our results indicate an overlap in resistance to all three herbivores. The important implications of this result for chrysanthemum breeding are discussed.
Thinking beyond sickling to better understand pain in sickle cell disease
Authors: Darbari Deepika S. , Ballas Samir K. , Clauw Daniel J. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPainful vaso‐occlusive crises (VOCs) are the hallmark of sickle cell disease (SCD); however, many patients experience frequent daily pain that does not follow the pattern of typical VOCs. This pain of variable severity, also referred as persistent pain in the SCD literature, contributes to significant morbidity and poor quality of life and often fails to respond adequately to standard SCD therapies. In this article, we briefly describe types of pain encountered in SCD with a special emphasis on persistent pain. We discuss altered pain processing as a potential contributing mechanism, which may lead to development and maintenance of persistent pain. We describe the advances in the non‐SCD pain field that may help improve the understanding of SCD pain. We highlight the need for further investigation in this area because some of these patients with persistent pain may benefit from receiving adjuvant mechanism‐based therapies used successfully in other non‐SCD chronic pain conditions.
Birth weight and cognition in children with epilepsy
Authors: Jackson Daren C. , Lin Jack J. , Chambers Karlee L. , Kessler‐Jones Alanna , Jones Jana E. , Hsu David A. , Stafstrom Carl E. , Seidenberg Michael , Hermann Bruce P. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryObjectiveBirth weight is an important indicator of prenatal environment, and subtle variations of birth weight within the normal range have been associated with differential risk for cognitive and behavioral problems. Therefore, we aimed to determine if there are differences in birth weight between full‐term children with uncomplicated new/recent‐onset epilepsies and typically developing healthy controls. We further examined the relationships between birth weight and childhood/adolescent cognition, behavior, and academic achievement.MethodsOne hundred eight children with new‐onset/recent‐onset epilepsy and 70 healthy controls underwent neuropsychological assessment. All participants were born full‐term (>37 weeks) without birth complications. Parents were interviewed regarding their child's gestation, birth, and neurodevelopmental history.ResultsBirth weight of children with epilepsy was significantly lower than healthy controls (p = 0.023). Whereas birth weight (covaried with age, sex, handedness, and mother's education) was significantly associated with cognition in controls in multiple domains (intelligence, language, aspects of academic achievement), this relationship was absent in children with epilepsy. Birth weight was not associated with clinical epilepsy variables (age of onset, epilepsy syndrome) and was not predictive of a variety of other academic or psychiatric comorbidities of epilepsy.SignificanceAlthough the origin of lower birth weight in children with epilepsy is unknown, these findings raise the possibility that abnormal prenatal environment may affect childhood‐onset epilepsy. Furthermore, the positive relationship between birth weight and cognition evident in healthy controls was disrupted in children with epilepsy. However, birth weight was not related to academic and psychiatric comorbidities of childhood epilepsy.A PowerPoint slide summarizing this article is available for download in the Supporting Information section here.
Epilepsy surgery and meaningful improvements in quality of life: Results from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Fiest Kirsten M. , Sajobi Tolulope T. , Wiebe Samuel 
Published: April 2014

SummaryObjectiveWe examine improvement and worsening in quality of life (QOL) in terms of proportions achieving minimum clinically important change (MCID), and factors related to MCID, in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy randomized to medical or surgical treatment.MethodsEighty patients with temporal lobe epilepsy randomized to surgical (n1 = 40) or medical (n2 = 40) therapy were followed for 12 months, reporting QOL at baseline, and at 6 and 12 months. Previously established thresholds for MCID across various general and epilepsy‐specific QOL instruments were used to determine meaningful improvement (positive MCID) or worsening (negative MCID). Generalized linear mixed‐effects models were used to compare MCID in both groups.ResultsAt 6 months, 56.0% of patients in the surgical group achieved positive MCID on the Quality of Life in Epilepsy (QOLIE)‐89, as compared to 11.0% of those in the medical group (p < 0.001). On the QOLIE‐31, 62.0% of the surgical group and 17.0% of the medical group achieved positive MCID (p < 0.001). Substantially more medically treated patients exhibited clinically significant worsening in QOL, as compared with those surgically treated. The respective medical versus surgical proportions with worsening were 36.67% versus 13.8% in QOLIE31, 20% versus 15% in Health Utility Index‐III (HUI‐III), and 30% versus 19% in Short Form‐36 (SF‐36) Mental Composite Score (MCS). The number of patients who need to undergo surgery for one additional person to have a meaningful improvement in the QOLIE‐31 is two (number needed to treat = 2). The results also favored surgery using the generic HUI‐III instrument, but not with the mental of physical function subscales of the SF‐36.SignificanceSignificantly more patients in the surgical group achieved meaningful improvement in epilepsy‐specific measures of QOL at 6 and 12 months compared to those in the medical group. Substantially more patients in the medical therapy group exhibited clinically significant worsening in their QOL assessed with epilepsy‐specific and generic instruments.A PowerPoint slide summarizing this article is available for download in the Supporting Information section here.
From Ghosts to Ancestors (and Back Again): On the Cultural and Psychodynamic Mediation of Selfscapes
Authors: Hollan Douglas 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn this article, I use the retelling of a dream experience from a Toraja elder to illustrate how cultural and psychodynamic factors combine and intertwine to mediate self‐other and intraself relationships. I use the concept of “selfscapes” to suggest how dynamic, fluid, and contingent self‐other distinctions often are but also to capture the perduring aspects of memory and self‐organization that are sometimes lost or underemphasized by the strong focus on intersubjectivity in the social sciences today. My analysis builds on some of A. Irving Hallowell's seminal ideas about how psychodynamic theories and concepts might be used to enrich and extend cultural phenomenological analysis.
Changing Cultural Pathways through Gender Role and Sexual Development: A Theoretical Framework
Authors: Manago Adriana M. , Greenfield Patricia M. , Kim Janna L. , Ward L. Monique 
Published: April 2014

AbstractGreenfield's () theory linking sociodemographic change to dynamic cultural values for family interdependence versus individual independence is applied to sexual and gender role socialization and development. The theory explains how cultural pathways for sexual and gender‐role development transform in concert with sociodemographic changes: urbanization, formal schooling, capitalism, and communication technologies. As environments become more urban, commercial, and technological, with more opportunities for formal education, sexual development moves away from the ideals of procreation and family responsibility and toward the ideals of personal pleasure and personal responsibility. At the same time, gender‐role development moves away from the ideals of complementary and ascribed gender roles and toward chosen and equal gender roles. We present psychological, anthropological, and sociological evidence for these trends in a variety of communities undergoing social and ecological change.
Influence of river discharge on recreational harvest of paddlefish
Authors: Neely B. C. , Pracheil B. M. , Lynott S. T. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe Neosho River at Chetopa Dam, Kansas, USA, supports a tailwater paddlefish, Polyodon spathula (Walbaum), snag fishery that is open annually to harvest from 15 March to 15 May and managed to provide anglers with maximum catch. Paddlefish inhabiting this portion of the river are presumed upstream spawning migrants from Grand Lake of the Cherokees, Oklahoma. Angler success in a paddlefish snag fishery is dependent on fish density, a factor that is likely influenced by river hydrology. However, links between river flow regime and angler harvest remain largely unquantified. In this study, hydrological factors that significantly affected paddlefish harvest were identified by regressing paddlefish harvest data from 1992 to 2005 against discharge variables. Two variables describing number of days discharge exceeded a critical threshold that allowed fish to pass a migratory barrier and frequency of discharge increases following decreases combined to explain 53% of variation in harvest. These results can be applied to promote more effective management of this population through increased understanding of relationships between hydrology and harvest. Specifically, anglers can be informed of factors leading to increased harvest in an attempt to increase satisfaction, and cooperating agencies can use these results to develop future water management plans in an effort to increase harvest.
Identification of Desulfobacterales as primary hydrogenotrophs in a complex microbial mat community
Authors: Burow L. C. , Woebken D. , Marshall I. P. G. , Singer S. W. , Pett‐Ridge J. , Prufert‐Bebout L. , Spormann A. M. , Bebout B. M. , Weber P. K. , Hoehler T. M. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractHypersaline microbial mats have been shown to produce significant quantities of H2 under dark, anoxic conditions via cyanobacterial fermentation. This flux of a widely accessible microbial substrate has potential to significantly influence the ecology of the mat, and any consumption will affect the net efflux of H2 that might otherwise be captured as a resource. Here, we focus on H2 consumption in a microbial mat from Elkhorn Slough, California, USA, for which H2 production has been previously characterized. Active biologic H2 consumption in this mat is indicated by a significant time‐dependent decrease in added H2 compared with a killed control. Inhibition of sulfate reduction, as indicated by a decrease in hydrogen sulfide production relative to controls, resulted in a significant increase in H2 efflux, suggesting that sulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB) are important hydrogenotrophs. Low methane efflux under these same conditions indicated that methanogens are likely not important hydrogenotrophs. Analyses of genes and transcripts that encode for rRNA or dissimilatory sulfite reductase, using both PCR‐dependent and PCR‐independent metatranscriptomic sequencing methods, demonstrated that Desulfobacterales are the dominant, active SRB in the upper, H2‐producing layer of the mat (0–2 mm). This hypothesis was further supported by the identification of transcripts encoding hydrogenases derived from Desulfobacterales capable of H2 oxidation. Analysis of molecular data provided no evidence for the activity of hydrogenotrophic methanogens. The combined biogeochemical and molecular data strongly indicate that SRB belonging to the Desulfobacterales are the quantitatively important hydrogenotrophs in the Elkhorn Slough mat.
Initial phase performance in a 30‐s verbal fluency task as being reflective of aging effect
Authors: Lee Seon Ha , Kim HyangHee , Kim JungWan , Yoon Ji Hye , Kim Soo Ryon 
Published: April 2014

AimThe purpose of the present study was to investigate if performance in a 30‐s verbal semantic fluency task (i.e. animal naming) across five elderly aged groups (60–64; 65–69; 70–74; 75–79; 80–84 years) would be reflective of aging effect.MethodsWe analyzed differences in performance across 5‐s phases and the moment of first word production in these five age groups.ResultsThe following results were obtained: (i) with increasing age, the total number of words produced gradually declined (P < 0.001); (ii) there were significant differences in performance among the age groups in three phases (0–5, 6–10, 16–20 s) (P < 0.05); and (iii) the first word production within the first 5‐s phase was significantly delayed in the 75–79 years and 80–84 years age groups compared with the rest of the age groups.ConclusionsPerformance in the initial 5‐s phase might be sensitive to cognitive degeneration in normal older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 496–500.