bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successful outcome in a dog with neurological and respiratory signs following smoke inhalation
Authors: Guillaumin Julien , Hopper Kate 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo report the case management of a patient with smoke inhalation complicated by neurological impairment, carboxyhemoglobinemia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), upper airway obstruction, aspiration pneumonia, and bacteremia.Case SummaryA 1.5‐year‐old male intactBeagle presented shortly after being involved in a household fire. Upon arrival the dog was diagnosed withARDSand demonstrated acute neurological signs (eg, obtundation and seizures). Treatment included mechanical ventilation, temporary tracheostomy, and intensive supportive care. During hospitalization, the dog suffered multiple complications including prolonged neurological abnormalities, aspiration pneumonia, and bacteremia. The dog recovered over a 16‐day period.New or Unique Information ProvidedThis is the first description of extensive management of a patient suffering both neurological and respiratory complication due to smoke inhalation, and details the steps that were taken to achieve a successful outcome.
Evaluation of a training course in focused echocardiography for noncardiology house officers
Authors: Tse Yuki C. , Rush John E. , Cunningham Suzanne M. , Bulmer Barret J. , Freeman Lisa M. , Rozanski Elizabeth A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether a training course in focused echocardiography can improve the proficiency of noncardiology house officers in accurately interpreting cardiovascular disease and echocardiography findings in dogs entering the emergency room setting.DesignProspective, blinded, educational study.SettingUniversity veterinary teaching hospital.Study SubjectsHouse officers underwent training in focused echocardiography. Fifteen dogs, including normal dogs and dogs with stable congenital or acquired cardiac disease, were used as study subjects during the laboratory session.InterventionsA 6‐hour curriculum on focused echocardiography was developed that included didactic lectures, clinical cases, and hands‐on echocardiography.Measurements and Main ResultsPre‐ and postcourse written examinations were administered to participants. House officers attended didactic lectures that were subsequently followed by a hands‐on laboratory session and practical examination, which involved performing transthoracic echocardiography on dogs with and without cardiovascular disease. Twenty‐one house officers completed the focused echocardiography training course. Written examination scores were 57 ± 12% before and 75 ± 10% after training (P < 0.001). Following the course, 97% of participants in the practical examination were able to obtain the correct right parasternal short‐ or long‐axis view. Posttraining, most participants correctly identified pleural effusion (90%) and pericardial effusion (95%) and discriminated normal atrial size from atrial enlargement (86%). However, successful identification of a cardiac mass, volume status, and ability to recognize a poor quality study as nondiagnostic remained relatively low. Most trainees responded that the length of hands‐on laboratory training was too abbreviated and that the course should be > 6 hours.ConclusionA focused echocardiography training course improved knowledge and yielded acceptable proficiency in some echocardiographic findings commonly identified in the emergency room. This training course was not able to provide the skills needed for house officers to accurately assess fluid volume status, identify cardiac masses, ventricular enlargement or hypertrophy, and certain cardiac diseases.
The Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database
Authors: McArthur Andrew G. , Waglechner Nicholas , Nizam Fazmin , Yan Austin , Azad Marisa A. , Baylay Alison J. , Bhullar Kirandeep , Canova Marc J. , De Pascale Gianfranco , Ejim Linda , Kalan Lindsay , King Andrew M. , Koteva Kalinka , Morar Mariya , Mulvey Michael R. , O'Brien Jonathan S. , Pawlowski Andrew C. , Piddock Laura J. V. , Spanogiannopoulos Peter , Sutherland Arlene D. , Tang Irene , Taylor Patricia L. , Thaker Maulik , Wang Wenliang , Yan Marie , Yu Tennison , Wright Gerard D. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT

The field of antibiotic drug discovery and the monitoring of new antibiotic resistance elements have yet to fully exploit the power of the genome revolution. Despite the fact that the first genomes sequenced of free living organisms were those of bacteria, there have been few specialized bioinformatic tools developed to mine the growing amount of genomic data associated with pathogens. In particular, there are few tools to study the genetics and genomics of antibiotic resistance and how it impacts bacterial populations, ecology, and the clinic. We have initiated development of such tools in the form of the Comprehensive Antibiotic Research Database (CARD;
http://arpcard.mcmaster.ca
). The CARD integrates disparate molecular and sequence data, provides a unique organizing principle in the form of the Antibiotic Resistance Ontology (ARO), and can quickly identify putative antibiotic resistance genes in new unannotated genome sequences. This unique platform provides an informatic tool that bridges antibiotic resistance concerns in health care, agriculture, and the environment.
The effect of changes in the score on injury incidence during three FIFA World Cups
Authors: Ryynänen Jaakko , Junge Astrid , Dvorak Jiri , Peterson Lars , Karlsson Jón , Börjesson Mats 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveTo study the effect of changes in the score and of different playing positions, as well as the effect of recovery time on injury incidence during Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cups.DesignProspective injury surveillance at three international championships in 2002, 2006 and 2010. Official match statistics were obtained for all the games played in the three championships.Setting2002, 2006 and 2010 FIFA World Cups.ParticipantsNational team players as well as the team doctors reporting all the injuries at the 2002, 2006 and 2010 FIFA World Cups.Main outcome measuresInjury incidence and incidence rate ratios.ResultsThere were statistically significant differences in injury incidence related to changes in the score (p=0.026) and to the teams’ current drawing/losing/winning status (p=0.008). Injury incidence was lowest (54.8/1000 match-hours (mh), 95% CI 46.4 to 64.3) during the initial 0–0 score and highest (81.2/1000 mh, 60.5 to 106.8) when the score was even but goals had been scored. Winning teams had a tendency towards a higher injury incidence (81.0/1000 mh, 67.5 to 96.4) than losing or drawing teams (55.5/1000 mh, 44.4 to 68.4 and 59.7/1000 mh, 51.8 to 68.6, respectively). There were also statistically significant differences in injury incidence between the playing positions (p<0.001), with forwards having the highest injury incidence (85.7/1000 mh, 69.8 to 104.2). There was a linear relationship (p=0.043) between an increasing number of recovery days between matches and a higher injury incidence.ConclusionsThere is a considerable variation in injury incidence during a match in international men's football related to changes in the score. Players in a winning team run a higher risk of suffering an injury than players in a drawing or losing team. Identifying time periods with a high injury incidence may be of major importance to players and team personnel, as it may enable them to take precautions.
An Empirical Reevaluation of Absolute Pitch: Behavioral and Electrophysiological Measurements
Authors: Elmer Stefan , Sollberger Silja , Meyer Martin , Jäncke Lutz 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Here, we reevaluated the “two-component” model of absolute pitch (AP) by combining behavioral and electrophysiological measurements. This specific model postulates that AP is driven by a perceptual encoding ability (i.e., pitch memory) plus an associative memory component (i.e., pitch labeling). To test these predictions, during EEG measurements AP and non-AP (NAP) musicians were passively exposed to piano tones (first component of the model) and additionally instructed to judge whether combinations of tones and labels were conceptually associated or not (second component of the model). Auditory-evoked N1/P2 potentials did not reveal differences between the two groups, thus indicating that AP is not necessarily driven by a differential pitch encoding ability at the processing level of the auditory cortex. Otherwise, AP musicians performed the conceptual association task with an order of magnitude better accuracy and shorter RTs than NAP musicians did, this result clearly pointing to distinctive conceptual associations in AP possessors. Most notably, this behavioral superiority was reflected by an increased N400 effect and accompanied by a subsequent late positive component, the latter not being distinguishable in NAP musicians.
Tool Selectivity in Left Occipitotemporal Cortex Develops without Vision
Authors: Peelen Marius V. , Bracci Stefania , Lu Xueming , He Chenxi , Caramazza Alfonso , Bi Yanchao 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Previous studies have provided evidence for a tool-selective region in left lateral occipitotemporal cortex (LOTC). This region responds selectively to pictures of tools and to characteristic visual tool motion. The present human fMRI study tested whether visual experience is required for the development of tool-selective responses in left LOTC. Words referring to tools, animals, and nonmanipulable objects were presented auditorily to 14 congenitally blind and 16 sighted participants. Sighted participants additionally viewed pictures of these objects. In whole-brain group analyses, sighted participants showed tool-selective activity in left LOTC in both visual and auditory tasks. Importantly, virtually identical tool-selective LOTC activity was found in the congenitally blind group performing the auditory task. Furthermore, both groups showed equally strong tool-selective activity for auditory stimuli in a tool-selective LOTC region defined by the picture-viewing task in the sighted group. Detailed analyses in individual participants showed significant tool-selective LOTC activity in 13 of 14 blind participants and 14 of 16 sighted participants. The strength and anatomical location of this activity were indistinguishable across groups. Finally, both blind and sighted groups showed significant resting state functional connectivity between left LOTC and a bilateral frontoparietal network. Together, these results indicate that tool-selective activity in left LOTC develops without ever having seen a tool or its motion. This finding puts constraints on the possible role that this region could have in tool processing and, more generally, provides new insights into the principles shaping the functional organization of OTC.
Pulmonary cusp augmentation in repair of tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Attanawanich Sukasom , Ngodgnamthaweesuk Montein , Kitjanon Narumol , Sitthisombat Chanawit 
Published: May 2013

Background: pulmonary insufficiency after transannular patch repair of tetralogy of Fallot is associated with a poorer outcome. Objective: to compare the results of 2 techniques of transannular patch repair. Methods: 93 patients with tetralogy of Fallot and hypoplasia of the right ventricular outflow tract underwent repair between 1990 and 2004 by 2 different techniques. Their ages ranged from 6 months to 12 years. The conventional transannular patch repair was used in 38 patients and 55 had transannular patch repair with pulmonary cusp augmentation. Results: mortality rates were 13.16% after conventional transannular patch repair and 0% after transannular patch repair with pulmonary cusp augmentation. Follow-up periods were 13–18 years (mean, 15.7 ± 1.64 years) and 5–14 years (mean, 10.8 ± 2.07 years), respectively. The early and midterm results demonstrated significantly more pulmonary insufficiency in the conventional repair group. Transannular patch repair with pulmonary cusp augmentation had longer bypass and operative times, but it was associated with a lower operative mortality than conventional repair. The long-term results showed differences in pulmonary insufficiency, cardiothoracic ratio, and rate of reoperation for pulmonary valve replacement. Conclusion: reconstruction of the native pulmonary valve accompanied by pulmonary cusp augmentation can reduce postoperative pulmonary insufficiency and has a more favorable long-term outcome.
Transmission of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in the long term care facilities in Hong Kong
Authors: Cheng Vincent CC , Tai Josepha WM , Wong Zoie SY , Chen Jonathan HK , Pan Kris BQ , Hai Yizhen , Ng Wing-Chun , Chow Denise MK , Yau Miranda CY , Chan Jasper FW , Wong Sally CY , Tse Herman , Chan Sophia SC , Tsui Kwok-Leung , Chan Felix HW , Ho Pak-Leung , Yuen Kwok-Yung 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
The relative contribution of long term care facilities (LTCFs) and hospitals in the transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is unknown.

Methods
Concurrent MRSA screening and spa type analysis was performed in LTCFs and their network hospitals to estimate the rate of MRSA acquisition among residents during their stay in LTCFs and hospitals, by colonization pressure and MRSA transmission calculations.

Results
In 40 LTCFs, 436 (21.6%) of 2020 residents were identified as ‘MRSA-positive’. The incidence of MRSA transmission per 1000-colonization-days among the residents during their stay in LTCFs and hospitals were 309 and 113 respectively, while the colonization pressure in LTCFs and hospitals were 210 and 185 per 1000-patient-days respectively. MRSA spa type t1081 was the most commonly isolated linage in both LTCF residents (76/121, 62.8%) and hospitalized patients (51/87, 58.6%), while type t4677 was significantly associated with LTCF residents (24/121, 19.8%) compared with hospitalized patients (3/87, 3.4%) (p < 0.001). This suggested continuous transmission of MRSA t4677 among LTCF residents. Also, an inverse linear relationship between MRSA prevalence in LTCFs and the average living area per LTCF resident was observed (Pearson correlation −0.443, p = 0.004), with the odds of patients acquiring MRSA reduced by a factor of 0.90 for each 10 square feet increase in living area.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that MRSA transmission was more serious in LTCFs than in hospitals. Infection control should be focused on LTCFs in order to reduce the burden of MRSA carriers in healthcare settings.
Physical activity in older people: a systematic review
Authors: Sun Fei , Norman Ian J , While Alison E 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
Physical activity (PA) in older people is critically important in the prevention of disease, maintenance of independence and improvement of quality of life. Little is known about the physical activity of the older adults or their compliance with current physical activity guidelines.

Methods
A systematic literature search of the published literature was conducted. Included were published reports of original research that independently reported: the PA level of non-institutional older adults (aged 60 years and over); and the proportion of older adults in the different samples who met PA recommendations or guidelines. The review was restricted to studies published since 2000 to provide a current picture of older adults’ PA levels.

Results
Fifty three papers were included in the review. The percentage of older adults meeting recommended physical activity ranged from 2.4 – 83.0% across the studies. Definitions of “recommended” physical activity in older adults varied across the studies as did approaches to measurement which posed methodological challenges to data analysis. Older age groups were less likely than the reference group to be regularly active, and women were less likely than men to achieve regular physical activity, especially leisure time physical activity, when measured by both subjective and objective criteria.

Conclusion
The review highlights the need for studies which recruit representative random samples of community based older people and employ validated measurement methods consistently to enable comparison of PA levels over time and between countries.
Data coverage of a cancer registry in southern Iran before and after implementation of a population-based reporting system: a 10-year trend study
Authors: Lankarani Kamran Bagheri , Khosravizadegan Zahra , Rezaianzadeh Abbas , Honarvar Behnam , Moghadami Mohsen , Faramarzi Hossein , Mahmoodi Mojtaba , Farahmand Mahin , Masoompour Seyed Masoom , Nazemzadegan Bahman 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
Cancer registries help to decrease the burden of cancers by collecting accurate and complete data. We aimed to measure the completeness of coverage of information recorded between 2000 and 2009 in a cancer registry program in Fars province, southern Iran.

Methods
The cancer registry program run by Shiraz University of Medical Sciences was investigated in two periods: pathology-based data from 2000 to 2007 and population-based data from 2007 to 2009. Completeness of yearly coverage was measured as the number of reported cases of cancer in each year divided by estimated cases based on 107.3 new cases per 100 000 individuals. The percentage of complete data registration (patient’s name, age, gender, address, phone number and father’s name) and correct cancer encoding was calculated for each year and compared to the maximum acceptable error rate for each item.

Results
A total of 29 277 non-duplicate cancer records were studied. Completeness of coverage varied from 22.68% in 2000 to 118.7% in 2008. Deficiencies in patients’ demographic data were highest for name in 2002 (0.09%), age in 2006 (2.36%), gender in 2001 (0.06%) and father’s name in 2001 (52.5%). Incomplete address (99.7%) and missing phone number (100%) were most frequent in 2000, and deficiencies in encoding information were highest in 2008 (6.36%).

Conclusions
The cancer registry program in Fars province (southern Iran) was considered satisfactory in terms of completeness of coverage and information about age. However, it was deficient in recording patients’ phone number and address, and father’s name. The error level for cancer encoding was unacceptably high. Enhancing hardware and software resources, education and motivation in all public and private sectors involved in the cancer registry program, and greater attention to epidemiological research are needed to increase the quality of the cancer registry program, including its completeness.
Eosinophils affect functions of in vitro-activated human CD3-CD4+ T cells
Authors: Harfi Issam , Schandené Liliane , Dremier Sarah , Roufosse Florence 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe recent development of eosinophil-targeting agents has raised enthusiasm for management of patients with hypereosinophilic syndromes. Roughly half of anti-IL-5-treated patients with corticosteroid-responsive lymphocytic (L-HES) and idiopathic disease variants can be tapered off corticosteroids. Potential consequences of corticosteroid-withdrawal on clonal expansion of pre-malignant CD3-CD4+T-cells associated with L-HES are a subject of concern. Indeed, corticosteroid treatment inhibits T-cell activation and may lower blood CD3-CD4+cell counts. On the other hand, previous studies have shown that eosinophils support CD4 T-cell activation, suggesting that targeted eosinophil depletion may negatively regulate these cells.ObjectivesEffects of eosinophils on CD4 T-cell activation in vitro were investigated as an indirect means of exploring whether treatment-induced eosinophil depletion may affect pathogenic T-cells driving L-HES.MethodsHelper (CD4) T-cells and CD3-CD4+cells from healthy controls and L-HES patients, respectively, were cultured in vitro in presence of anti-CD3/CD28 or dendritic cells. Effects of eosinophils on T-cell proliferation and cytokine production were investigated.ResultsEosinophils enhanced CD3-driven proliferation of CD4 T-cells from healthy subjects in vitro, while inhibiting TCR-independent proliferation and IL-5 production by CD3-CD4+T-cells.ConclusionsWhile this study confirms previous work showing that eosinophils support activation of normal helper T-cells, our in vitro findings with CD3-CD4+T-cells suggest that eosinophil-depletion may favor activation and expansion of this pathogenic lymphocyte subset. With the ongoing development of eosinophil-targeted therapy for various eosinophilic conditions, the indirect consequences of treatment on the underlying immune mechanisms of disease should be investigated in detail in the setting of translational research programs.
PEP-1-CAT protects hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis through multiple sigaling pathways
Authors: Zhang Lei , Wei Shuang , Tang Jun-Ming , Guo Ling-Yun , Zheng Fei , Yang Jian-Ye , Kong Xia , Huang Yong-Zhang , Chen Shi-You , Wang Jia-Ning 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
Catalase (CAT) breaks down H2O2 into H2O and O2 to protects cells from oxidative damage. However, its translational potential is limited because exogenous CAT cannot enter living cells automatically. This study is aimed to investigate if PEP-1-CAT fusion protein can effectively protect cardiomyocytes from oxidative stress due to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced injury.

Methods
H9c2 cardomyocytes were pretreated with catalase (CAT) or PEP-1-CAT fusion protein followed by culturing in a hypoxia and re-oxygenation condition. Cell apoptosis were measured by Annexin V and PI double staining and Flow cytometry. Intracellular superoxide anion level was determined, and mitochondrial membrane potential was measured. Expression of apoptosis-related proteins including Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3, PARP, p38 and phospho-p38 was analyzed by western blotting.

Results
PEP-1-CAT protected H9c2 from H/R-induced morphological alteration and reduced the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malondialdehyde content. Superoxide anion production was also decreased. In addition, PEP-1-CAT inhibited H9c2 apoptosis and blocked the expression of apoptosis stimulator Bax while increased the expression of Bcl-2, leading to an increased mitochondrial membrane potential. Mechanistically, PEP-1-CAT inhibited p38 MAPK while activating PI3K/Akt and Erk1/2 signaling pathways, resulting in blockade of Bcl2/Bax/mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.

Conclusion
Our study has revealed a novel mechanism by which PEP-1-CAT protects cardiomyocyte from H/R-induced injury. PEP-1-CAT blocks Bcl2/Bax/mitochondrial apoptotic pathway by inhibiting p38 MAPK while activating PI3K/Akt and Erk1/2 signaling pathways.