bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Segmentation of stroke lesions using transformers‐augmented MRI analysis
Authors: Ahmed Ramsha , Al Shehhi Aamna , Werghi Naoufel , Seghier Mohamed L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAccurate segmentation of chronic stroke lesions from mono‐spectral magnetic resonance imaging scans (e.g., T1‐weighted images) is a difficult task due to the arbitrary shape, complex texture, variable size and intensities, and varied locations of the lesions. Due to this inherent spatial heterogeneity, existing machine learning methods have shown moderate performance for chronic lesion delineation. In this study, we introduced: (1) a method that integrates transformers' deformable feature attention mechanism with convolutional deep learning architecture to improve the accuracy and generalizability of stroke lesion segmentation, and (2) an ecological data augmentation technique based on inserting real lesions into intact brain regions. Our combination of these two approaches resulted in a significant increase in segmentation performance, with a Dice index of 0.82 (±0.39), outperforming the existing methods trained and tested on the same Anatomical Tracings of Lesions After Stroke (ATLAS) 2022 dataset. Our method performed relatively well even for cases with small stroke lesions. We validated the robustness of our method through an ablation study and by testing it on new unseen brain scans from the Ischemic Stroke Lesion Segmentation (ISLES) 2015 dataset. Overall, our proposed approach of transformers with ecological data augmentation offers a robust way to delineate chronic stroke lesions with clinically relevant accuracy. Our method can be extended to other challenging tasks that require automated detection and segmentation of diverse brain abnormalities from clinical scans.
TikTok as a platform for hysteroscopy information: An analytical video‐based cross‐sectional study to assess quality, reliability, and accuracy
Authors: Vitale Salvatore Giovanni , Angioni Stefano , Saponara Stefania , Sicilia Gilda , Etrusco Andrea , D'Alterio Maurizio Nicola , Cobellis Luigi , De Franciscis Pasquale , Riemma Gaetano 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the quality, reliability, and level of misinformation in TikTok videos about hysteroscopy.MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis of TikTok videos retrieved using “hysteroscopy” as search term was performed. Patient education materials assessment tool for audio‐visual content (PEMAT A/V), the modified DISCERN (mDISCERN), global quality scale (GQS), video information and quality index (VIQI) and misinformation assessment were used.ResultsOf three hundred videos captured, 156 were excluded and 144 were included. Most videos were partially accurate or uninformative (43.8% and 34.7%, respectively). Non‐healthcare providers produced more inaccurate or uninformative videos than healthcare workers (51.1% vs 4.0%; P < 0.001). Compared to content by professionals, content by patients showed increased distrust towards gynecologists (11.7% vs 0%; P = 0.012) and increased incidence of anxiety and concern towards hysteroscopy (25.5% vs 2%; P < 0.001). PEMAT A/V scores for understandability and actionability were low at 42.9% (interquartile range [IQR]: 11.1–70) and 0% (IQR: 0–0), respectively. Understandability (P < 0.001) and actionability (P = 0.001) were higher for professionals' created content relative to patients' videos. Similarly, median mDISCERN score was low (1 [IQR 0–2]), with significantly higher score for healthcare professionals compared to patients (P < 0.001). Overall video quality was also low, with median VIQI and GQS score of 7 (IQR 4–11) and 1 (IQR 1–3), respectively, and significantly higher scores for healthcare workers' captions compared to patients' for both (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively).ConclusionTikTok videos' quality on hysteroscopy seems unsatisfactory and misinformative, with low understandability and actionability scores. Videos recorded by healthcare workers show higher quality and less misinformation than those by patients. Raising the awareness regarding the low quality of medical information on social media is crucial to increase future reliability and trustworthiness.
Unlocking the potential of carbon quantum dots: Versatile photocatalysts for methylene blue degradation—A comprehensive review of synthesis, catalytic mechanisms, and environmental applications
Authors: Ali Farhad , De Juan‐Corpuz Lyn Marie , Corpuz Ryan D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCarbon Quantum Dots (CQDs) are nanoscale carbon‐based particles with unique quantum properties. Because of their customizable size, optical properties, and surface functions, CQDs are frequently used in a wide range of applications. The present thorough analysis delves into the crucial function of CQDs in the photocatalytic breakdown of Methylene Blue (MB), providing valuable perspectives on their production, attributes, and catalytic processes. The effects of pH, wavelength, intensity, and other variables on the effectiveness of MB degradation are covered in detail. An analytical review of the kinetic models used to estimate the deterioration process is given. For improved stability and recyclability, the synergistic effects of CQD‐based composites and developments in catalyst immobilization techniques are examined. Prospects for the future center on reactor designs, integration into large‐scale water treatment systems, and optimization of CQD features. The research highlights the revolutionary potential of CQDs in transforming wastewater treatment and advancing environmentally sound solutions.
Pediatric dental clinic transformations post‐COVID‐19 reopening in a public dental school
Authors: de Oliveira Yasmin I. , Gois Carla M. B. , Puppin‐Rontani Regina M. , Pascon Fernanda M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeTo assess the impact of transformations in pediatric dental clinics following reopening during the COVID‐19 pandemic on pediatric dentistry procedures performed by dental students.MethodsData were collected from electronic clinical records of Integrated Dental Clinical disciplines (I, II, III, and IV) from 2018 to 2023. The procedures were categorized into phases: prevention/stabilization, restorative/definitive, and maintenance. The data were analyzed descriptively and by t‐test considering the pre‐pandemic and pandemic periods (α = 5%).ResultsDuring the pandemic, Integrated Dental Clinics I and III saw increased prevention/stabilization procedures percentages (92.4% and 74.3%) compared to pre‐pandemic (84.9% and 70%), while Integrated Dental Clinic II and IV saw a decline (76.6% and 66.1%) compared to pre‐pandemic (79.1% and 67.9%). Restorative/definitive procedures decreased in Integrated Dental Clinic I and III (5.5% and 20.3%) from pre‐pandemic period (10% and 24.1%) but increased in Integrated Dental Clinic II and IV (18.3% and 26.2%) from pre‐pandemic (15.3% and 25%). Maintenance procedures decreased in Integrated Dental Clinic I, II, and III (2.1%, 5%, and 5.4%) compared to pre‐pandemic (5.1%, 5.6%, and 6%), except for Integrated Dental Clinic IV, which saw an increase (7.8% from 7.2%). Despite the percentage changes, no significant differences were found between the periods analyzed (p > 0.05). However, when considering the total procedures across all disciplines and phases, there was a significant decrease during the pandemic in phases 1 and 3 (p < 0.05).ConclusionDespite the changes in pediatric dentistry procedures, the transformations within the dental clinic suggest tangible benefits for the teaching–learning process and safe patient care.
Gingival phenotype classification by visual and probe visibility assessments: Relationship with thickness and probe design
Authors: Uysal Burak Fatih , Köse Timur , Gürkan Ali 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigated the agreement among dentists in classifying gingival phenotype (GP) through periodontal probe visibility (PPV) assessment with various probe types and the visual method. Additionally, the relationship between GP classifications and gingival thickness (GT) was evaluated.MethodsPhotographs were taken with standard periodontal probe (SPP), color‐coded periodontal probe (CCPP) tips in white, green, and blue, as well as metal phenotype probe (MPP) tips in gray and black. Evaluators (periodontist, periodontics resident, endodontics resident, dental student) assessed the photographs and classified the GPs. GT was measured by trans gingival probing.ResultsVisual method showed poor to fair agreement to classify GP. The lowest agreement regarding PPV was noted with white‐tipped CCPP. The highest agreement in singular PPV was observed with CCPP blue (κ = 0.932), followed by CCPP green (κ = 0.791), MPP black (κ = 0.783), SPP (κ = 0.730), and MPP gray (κ = 0.690). Combined PPV data revealed fair to moderate agreement with CCPP and moderate to substantial agreement with MPP in GP classification. The corresponding GT to different GP classifications based on combined PPV were comparable. The agreement between SPP and CCPP in classifying non‐thin phenotypes was 89.8%, while the agreement between SPP and MPP was 75.4%. Based on PPV, no significant GT cutoff value was found to distinguish between thin and non‐thin phenotypes.ConclusionDetermining a precise GT that guarantees the visibility of a given probe can be difficult when evaluating GP. Regardless of the type of probe, the PPV method has a high potential for misclassifying GP, despite having an acceptable agreement.Plain language summaryGingival phenotype (GP) is constituted by thickness of the gums and width of keratinized tissue around teeth. Direct visual evaluation or evaluating a periodontal probe's visibility beneath gums are established techniques to classify gingival phenotype. This study investigated how dentists classify GP using visual assessments and different types of periodontal probes, while also exploring the relationship between GP classifications and gingival thickness. Results showed varied agreement among dentists in classifying GP, with lower agreement observed when using certain types of probes, notably the white‐tipped phenotype probe. The highest agreement was found with the blue phenotype probe. Data from periodontal probe visibility assessments indicated fair to moderate agreement with certain probes, suggesting some inconsistency in classification methods. Interestingly, GP classification with visual assessments or probes did not correlate with gingival thickness, which may highlight the importance of considering both factors in clinical practice. These findings underline the need for attention when relying solely on visual assessments or specific probe types for accurate GP classification.
Habitual patellar dislocation exhibits less severe rotational deformities but poorer trochlear development and higher incidence of patella baja compared with recurrent patellar dislocation in skeletally mature patients
Authors: Zhang Zhijun , Feng Zheng , Di Menglinqian , Wang Daofeng , Zheng Tong , Zhang Hui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study compared the radiological characteristics between habitual and recurrent patellar dislocation in skeletally mature patients.MethodsFrom 2017 to 2019, 77 skeletally mature patients with habitual patellar dislocation were surgically treated at a single institution and reviewed retrospectively. A total of 55 knees from these patients were included in the habitual patellar dislocation group. During the same period, 55 knees with recurrent patellar dislocation were randomly selected from 242 patients and included in the recurrent patellar dislocation group. Various bony deformities were measured and compared between the two groups. Additionally, a subgroup analysis was conducted among patients with habitual patellar dislocation, comparing those with and without an ‘invisible patella’ observed on true lateral views with 30° of knee flexion.ResultsThe femoral anteversion angle (21.8° vs. 26.3°, p = 0.041), tibiofemoral rotation angle (9.7° vs. 12.4°, p = 0.042) and external tibial rotation angle (24.3° vs. 29.6°, p = 0.001) in the habitual patellar dislocation group were significantly lower than those in the recurrent patellar dislocation group. 54% of knees in the habitual patellar dislocation group had a patella baja, and this was in sharp contrast to the recurrent patellar dislocation group in which none of the knees had a patella baja. 49.1% of knees in the habitual patellar dislocation group showed ‘invisible patella’ at 30° of knee flexion, and knees with ‘invisible patella’ had significantly higher tibial tubercle‐trochlear groove (TT‐TG) distance (30.4 vs. 19.8, p < 0.001) and tibiofemoral rotation angle (13.2° vs. 6.4°, p < 0.001) than knees with a visible patella.ConclusionsA distinct difference in bony anatomical features was observed between habitual and recurrent patellar dislocation in skeletally mature patients. Habitual patellar dislocation exhibited less severe rotational deformities of the lower extremity but showed poorer trochlear and patellar development, a larger TT‐TG distance and a higher incidence of patella baja compared with recurrent patellar dislocation.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
Returning to pre‐injury level of sports before 9 months after medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction increases the incidence of anterior knee pain in young patients
Authors: Xu Chenyue , Zhao Yuchen , Ni Zhengyi , Li Kehan , Kang Huijun , Wang Fei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to identify the risk factors for anterior knee pain (AKP) after medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFLR).MethodsPatients aged 15–35 years who underwent isolated MPFLR between 2012 and 2022 were included in the study. These patients were divided into two groups (AKP and control group). Patient demographics and preoperative and postoperative clinical outcomes between the two groups were assessed and compared. Univariate logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the potential risk factors associated with postoperative AKP. Subgroup analysis stratified the results based on the time to return to sports (RTS) (>9 and ≤9 months). Furthermore, Spearman correlation analysis was performed to investigate the association between Kujala score and time to RTS.ResultsA total of 206 patients were included (AKP, n = 59; control, n = 147). At the 2‐year follow‐up, patients with AKP demonstrated a shorter duration in returning to their pre‐injury activity level compared to those without AKP (9.0 ± 3.6 vs. 10.3 ± 2.7 months, p < 0.05). RTS earlier than 9 months after MPFLR was the only significant risk factor associated with postoperative AKP (odds ratio, 2.13, 95% confidence interval, 1.03‐4.39; p < 0.05). Further subgroup analysis revealed that patient RTS earlier than 9 months exhibited worse patient‐reported outcomes in both the total cohort and control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, among patient RTS within 9 months, a longer recovery duration before RTS strongly correlated with a higher Kujala score (R = 0.670, p < 0.001).ConclusionsYoung patients who RTS at their pre‐injury levels before 9 months after MPFLR have a higher incidence of postoperative AKP and poorer functional outcomes compared to those who delay their return. Specifically, within the first 9 months after MPFLR, the earlier the RTS, the more severe the AKP symptoms. Careful consideration of the timing for RTS may help reduce the incidence of postoperative AKP.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
Decoupled cycling of particulate cadmium and phosphorus in the subtropical Northwest Pacific
Authors: Zhang Kan , Zhou Kuanbo , Cai Yihua , Yuan Zhongwei , Chen Yaojin , Xu Feipeng , Liu Xin , Cao Zhimian , Dai Minhan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe examined the spatial variation in size‐fractionated (0.8–51 and > 51 μm) particulate cadmium (Cd) and phosphorus (P) based on a large dataset collected during a GEOTRACES Section cruise (GP09) in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG) to better understand the interrelationship between Cd and P biogeochemical cycles. Concentrations of particulate Cd (0.06–2.15 pmol L−1) and P (0.33–10.19 nmol L−1) showed an initial increase with depth followed by a decrease, and were among the lowest observed in the global ocean. Bulk particulate Cd : P ratios in the euphotic zone, indicative of phytoplankton Cd assimilation, showed strong geographic variability averaging 0.05 ± 0.02 within the NPSG interior vs. 0.14 ± 0.04 pmol nmol−1 at the southern boundary. Cadmium to P remineralization ratio in the mesopelagic zone had a roughly similar stoichiometry as what was produced in the euphotic zone, being ~ 0.05 ± 0.01 in the NPSG interior vs. 0.21 ± 0.04 pmol nmol−1 at the southern boundary. Cd–P decoupling was reflected in the elements' vertical distribution, showing unsynchronized changes through the water column, consistent with Cd–P differential remineralization resulting from multiple Cd and P pools. The Cd–P relationship also differed between small and large particles, suggesting differences in Cd assimilation among phytoplankton assemblages as well as particle dynamic processes. Our results highlight complex processes fractionating Cd from P in the oligotrophic ocean and complicate the use of Cd as a palaeo‐phosphate proxy.
Heterogeneously Integrated Photonics Based on Thin Film Lithium Niobate Platform
Authors: Han Huangpu , Ruan Shuangchen , Xiang Bingxi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe emergence of high‐quality thin film lithium niobate on an insulator has opened up new research opportunities in the field of integrated photonics devices. Through heterogeneous integration, it is possible to integrate light sources, electro‐optic modulators, photodetectors, and other key components onto a single chip, achieving multifunctionality. This is an accomplishment beyond the capability of standalone thin film lithium niobate. Heterogeneous integration offers an effective approach to develop photonic integrated circuits based on thin film lithium niobate platform. This review article summarizes recent advances in heterogeneously integrated photonics based on thin film lithium niobate platform. This work provides an overview of basic heterogeneously integrated photonics materials, including silicon, silicon nitride, III–V semiconductors, and 2D materials, and basic devices such as waveguides, grating couplers, lasers, microring resonators, electro‐optic modulators, and photodetectors. This work discusses the operating mechanism, design principle, fabrication methodology, and performance metrics of each device. Finally, this work summarizes the recent key advances in heterogeneously integrated photonics based on thin film lithium niobate platform and addresses the challenges that need to be tackled for the future development.
Symmetric Deep‐Blue Hot Exciton Emitter Dominated by Locally Excited State Anti‐Kasha Emission
Authors: Wu Yujie , Zhang Jiasen , Chen Shaofeng , Li Wei , Liu Chunyu , Mu Xilin , Feng Tingting , Chen Dongcheng , Fang Kaibo , Wu Lin , Wang Tao , Ge Ziyi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe advancement of deep‐blue luminophores with high efficiency, color purity, and stable characteristics remains hindered by the absence of effective molecular design methodologies. Herein, a proof‐of‐concept deep blue hot exciton emitter, namely 2ANAC is designed and synthesized, featuring a rod‐like, symmetric π‐donor‐σ‐donor‐π (π‐D‐σ‐D‐π) molecular architecture to address the above challenges. The symmetric molecular structure endows numerous degenerate excited state characteristics, facilitating intersystem crossing between energy closely singlet and triplet states. Owing to nearly perpendicular conformation between the D‐π moieties, the formed low‐lying singlet excited (S1 to S4) states exhibit minimal oscillator strengths. In contrast, the fifth singlet excited (S5) state boasts a significantly higher oscillator strength. This indicates the potential for anti‐Kasha emission behavior, thus promoting the highly emissive deep‐blue luminescence from the locally excited state with a relatively small full width at half maximum. Furthermore, the long‐axial molecular architecture confers as high as 90% of the horizontal dipole ratio. The corresponding non‐doped deep‐blue OLED based on 2ANAC exhibits an outstanding maximum external quantum efficiency of 10.8% with minimal efficiency roll‐off, representing one of the highest reported values for deep‐blue hot exciton OLEDs.
OGG1: An emerging multifunctional therapeutic target for the treatment of diseases caused by oxidative DNA damage
Authors: Zhong Yunxiao , Zhang Xinya , Feng Ruibing , Fan Yu , Zhang Zhang , Zhang Qing‐Wen , Wan Jian‐Bo , Wang Yitao , Yu Hua , Li Guodong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOxidative DNA damage‐related diseases, such as incurable inflammation, malignant tumors, and age‐related disorders, present significant challenges in modern medicine due to their complex molecular mechanisms and limitations in identifying effective treatment targets. Recently, 8‐oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1) has emerged as a promising multifunctional therapeutic target for the treatment of these challenging diseases. In this review, we systematically summarize the multiple functions and mechanisms of OGG1, including pro‐inflammatory, tumorigenic, and aging regulatory mechanisms. We also highlight the potential of OGG1 inhibitors and activators as potent therapeutic agents for the aforementioned life‐limiting diseases. We conclude that OGG1 serves as a multifunctional hub; the inhibition of OGG1 may provide a novel approach for preventing and treating inflammation and cancer, and the activation of OGG1 could be a strategy for preventing age‐related disorders. Furthermore, we provide an extensive overview of successful applications of OGG1 regulation in treating inflammatory, cancerous, and aging‐related diseases. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future directions of OGG1 as an emerging multifunctional therapeutic marker for the aforementioned challenging diseases. The aim of this review is to provide a robust reference for scientific researchers and clinical drug developers in the development of novel clinical targeted drugs for life‐limiting diseases, especially for incurable inflammation, malignant tumors, and age‐related disorders.
The face of Non‐photosensitive trichothiodystrophy phenotypic spectrum: A subsequent study on paediatric population
Authors: Pascolini Giulia , Lipari Martina , Gaudioso Federica , Fania Luca , Di Zenzo Giovanni , Didona Biagio 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundNon‐photosensitive trichothiodystrophies (TTDs) are a diverse group of genodermatoses within the subset of conditions known as “sulphur‐deficient brittle hair” syndromes. A part of them has only recently been identified, revealing novel causative genes and very rare phenotypes of these genetic skin disorders. At the same time, the molecular basis of previously published and unresolved cases has been revealed through the introduction of innovative genetic techniques. We have previously described the facial phenotype of patients with the Photosensitive form of TTD during childhood. This study marks the beginning of an effort to expand the analysis to include individuals of the same age who do not have photosensitivity.MethodsA total of 26 facial portraits of TTD paediatric patients with Non‐photosensitivity from the literature were analysed using computer‐aided technologies, and their facial features were examined through a detailed clinical review.ResultsDistinct facial features were identified in both Photosensitive and Non‐photosensitive TTDs.ConclusionThe present study has comprehensively elucidated the facial features in TTDs, encompassing the Non‐photosensitive clinical spectrum.