bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of intraocular lesions using vitreous humor and intraocular perfusion fluid cytology: Experience with 83 Cases
Authors: Kinoshita Yuichi , Takasu Kosho , Kobayashi Tadao K , Yuri Takashi , Tsubura Airo , Shikata Nobuaki 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to evaluate the use of vitreous humor and/or intraocular perfusion fluid (IPF) from pars plana vitrectomy as a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure for intraocular diseases.MethodsThe cytologic findings with respect to the clinical data, the anatomical findings, and the final diagnosis in 83 cases that underwent intraocular cytologic examinations at the Kansai Medical University Takii Hospital were evaluated. For cytologic examination, the Papanicolaou stain, Giemsa stain, and in some cases, molecular biology and immunocytochemical techniques were used.ResultsMost of the clinical diagnoses were uveitis or endophthalmitis. Sixty‐eight cases (81.9%) were negative on cytodiagnosis, while 15 cases (18.9%) were positive or suspicious for malignancy. Negative cases included infections and intraocular sarcoidosis (IOS), and all of the positive or suspicious cases were intraocular lymphomas. Some of these latter cases were also diagnosed using immunocytochemical staining or molecular biological procedures as ancillary techniques, performed using vitreous body cytology from IPF.ConclusionsAn early diagnosis and treatment of intraocular diseases is necessary to maintain an acceptable degree of quality of life. For an accurate diagnosis, it is necessary to understand the anatomy of the eye. Giemsa staining is recommended in addition to Papanicolaou staining for cytologic diagnostic evaluation of intraocular diseases. Furthermore, for the diagnosis of clonality in intraocular lymphomas, it is often necessary to use ancillary molecular biological procedures, using vitreous fluid. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015;43:353–359. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Halogenolysis of a Nickelalactone Complex Produces β‐Halo‐Anhydrides
Authors: Zarkesh Ryan A. , Hopkins Michael D. , Jordan Richard F. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractNickelalactone complex [(dppe)Ni{κ2‐C,O‐CH2CH2C(=O)O}] {dppe = 1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane} reacts with halogens to form 3‐halo‐propionic anhydrides, [(dppe)NiX2], and [(dppeO2)3Ni][NiX4] (X = Cl, Br, I). Studies of model complexes [(dppe)Ni(O2CtBu)2] and [(dppe)NiBr(O2CtBu)] suggest that oxidation to NiIII and P–O reductive elimination are key steps in this reaction.
SNH‐ and SNipso‐Arylamination of 1,3,7‐Triazapyrenes
Authors: Borovlev Ivan , Demidov Oleg , Saigakova Nadezhda , Amangasieva Gulminat 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe ability of the oxidative arylamination process to derivatize electron‐deficient 1,3,7‐triazapyrenes has been investigated. These triazapyrenes react with a wide range of sodium aryl(hetaryl) amides to give access to the corresponding 6‐aryl(hetaryl)amino‐1,3,7‐triazapyrenes in moderate to good yields. The reaction of 6,8‐dialkoxy‐1,3,7‐triazapyrene with sodium arylamides gives rise to 6,8‐bis(arylamino)‐1,3,7‐triazapyrenes or 6‐methoxy‐8‐arylamino‐1,3,7‐triazapyrenes, depending on the reaction conditions.
Recent Advances in Stereoselective [2+2+2] Cycloadditions
Authors: Amatore Muriel , Aubert Corinne 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe [2+2+2] cycloaddition reaction is considered one of the most efficient methods for the rapid and straightforward preparation of complex polycyclic (and heterocyclic) compounds in a highly selective and atom‐economical fashion. Over the last half‐century, remarkable advances in terms of chemo‐ and regioselectivities have been realized, endowing this reaction with attractive features as a key step in the synthesis of various biologically active molecules and materials. The development of stereoselective methodologies is more recent. In this field, asymmetric transition‐metal catalysis has emerged as the most convenient tool with which to perform these [2+2+2] cycloadditions in their enantio‐ and diastereoselective variants. All the catalytic systems that have been developed so far are based on very close association of a transition metal (Co, Ni, Ir, Rh, ...) with a chiral ligand. The success of these reactions is then related to the reaction pattern involved (inter‐ and intramolecular), implying an efficient substrate/active species interaction. Thus, judicious design both of chiral ligands and of unsaturated substrates is necessary. In light of these aspects, numerous stereoselective cycloadditions have been reported; these allow the construction in one‐step fashion of central, axial, planar, and helical chiralities. This review details the recent advances in this area, with specific attention to catalysts and reaction scope.
AP/VP specific inelastic displacement ratio for seismic response estimation of structures
Authors: Durucan Cengizhan , Dicleli Murat 
Published: October 2014

SummaryIn this study, two new site specific statistical equations are proposed to estimate the inelastic displacement ratio, C1 of structures subjected to far fault (FF) and near fault (NF) ground motions. The proposed equations consider the effects of fundamental vibration period of the structure, T, lateral strength ratio, R and frequency content of the design earthquake record represented by the Ap/Vp ratio (or T0 = 2π/Ap/Vp), which is a function of the earthquake magnitude, distance to fault, faulting mechanism and site class. It was observed that the C1 values obtained from the proposed equations are in good agreement with the calculated results. The flare of the plotted C1 vs. T/T0 curves enables the proposed equations to cover nearly all the calculated C1 data range and give satisfactory results. However, the curves obtained using the C1 equations of several codes and those available in the literature do not cover the whole calculated C1 data range and generally give unconservative results (smaller C1 values) especially in the shorter period range. For the longer period range, the predictions of C1 obtained from the proposed equation and the ones available in the literature are in good agreement with the calculated C1 data. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using meteorological observer data to compare wind erosion during two great droughts in eastern Australia; the World War II Drought (1937–1946) and the Millennium Drought (2001–2010)
Authors: O'Loingsigh Tadhg , McTainsh Grant H. , Parsons Katherine , Strong Craig L. , Shinkfield Phil , Tapper Nigel J. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTAustralian meteorological observers started using the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) weather coding system in the 1950s. This system is still in use around the world today. However, observing and recording the weather in an organized and systematic manner had been ongoing for over 100 years prior to the adoption of this coding system, and much like Australia, most countries will have historical meteorological records. In this paper we compare the wind erosion of two of the greatest droughts in Australian recorded history; the World War II (WWII) Drought (1937–1945) and the Millennium Drought (2001–2009). To do this we analysed previously unavailable meteorological observer records from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (ABM). Wind erosion records, mostly in long‐hand written form, were translated to the modern WMO coding system for the WWII Drought and compared with the wind erosion of Australia's recently‐ended Millennium Drought, one of the longest and harshest on record. We quantify wind erosion using Dust Event Days (DED) and a modified version of a published Dust Storm Index (DSI) to show that wind erosion during the WWII Drought was up to 4.6 times higher than during the Millennium Drought. This study has international significance because it demonstrates a methodology for tracking changes in wind erosion over the past 75 years based on observer records available in every country with a history of organized weather observation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Food security and food self‐sufficiency in China: from past to 2050
Authors: Ghose Bishwajit 
Published: October 2014

AbstractReducing hunger and malnutrition and improving food security have come to the forefront of global political agenda. In the wake of recent spells of food price hike, national and supranational development organizations and governments have begun to express serious concerns about the world's capacity to feed its burgeoning population. In response to the target of increasing food production by 70% in 2050, many countries are formulating their agricultural policies to promote domestic food self‐sufficiency and many are building international networks for outsourcing food supply beyond national borders. In the face of massive demand for food for its growing population, China is both strengthening its food self‐sufficiency strategies and relying on large‐scale imports from international market which has been a major driver of food price inflation in recent years. In China, increase in income and socioeconomic status on one hand have dramatically improved dietary intake and overall nutritional status of the population, and are creating an enormous pressure on land and water resources and natural environments on the other. Maintaining food and water security and for its huge population with its limited resources while at the same time sustaining the economic growth momentum are offering significant challenges to China's macroeconomic prospects. China's domestic food production and self‐sufficiency status have certain repercussions on the volatility of global agri‐food market and food security in food‐import and food‐aid‐dependent countries. The objectives of this study is to provide an in‐depth overview of China's food production and demand scenario with a particular focus on its challenging perspectives toward food secure 2050. The first half of the paper is designed to show recent trends in food production and consumption and the impacts on global food market. The second half describes the major challenges with a brief discussion on policy implication.
The Combination of Rapamycin and Resveratrol Blocks Autophagy and Induces Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Alayev Anya , Berger Sara Malka , Kramer Melissa Y. , Schwartz Naomi S. , Holz Marina K. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTHyperactivation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a frequent event in breast cancer and current efforts are aimed at targeting the mTORC1 signaling pathway in combination with other targeted therapies. However, patients often develop drug resistance in part due to activation of the oncogenic Akt signaling and upregulation of autophagy, which protects cancer cells from apoptosis. In the present study we investigated the effects of combination therapy of rapamycin (an allosteric mTORC1 inhibitor) together with resveratrol (a phytoestrogen that inhibits autophagy). Our results show that combination of these drugs maintains inhibition of mTORC1 signaling, while preventing upregulation of Akt activation and autophagy, causing apoptosis. Additionally, this combination was effective in estrogen receptor positive and negative breast cancer cells, underscoring its versatility. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 450–457, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Liability impact of the hospitalist model of care
Authors: Schaffer Adam C. , Puopolo Ann Louise , Raman Supriya , Kachalia Allen 
Published: October 2014

BACKGROUNDAn increasingly large proportion of inpatient care is provided by hospitalists. The care discontinuities inherent to hospital medicine raise concerns about malpractice risk. However, little published data exist on the medical liability risks associated with care by hospitalists.OBJECTIVEWe sought to determine the risks and outcomes of malpractice claims against hospitalists in internal medicine.DESIGNRetrospective observational analysis.MEASUREMENTSUsing claims data from a liability insurer‐maintained database of over 52,000 malpractice claims, we measured the rates of malpractice claims against hospitalists compared to other physician specialties, types of allegations against hospitalists, contributing factors, and the severity of injury in and outcomes of these claims.RESULTSHospitalists had a malpractice claims rate of 0.52 claims per 100 physician coverage years (PCYs), which was significantly lower than that of nonhospitalist internal medicine physicians (1.91 claims per 100 PCYs), emergency medicine physicians (3.50 claims per 100 PCYs), general surgeons (4.70 claims per 100 PCYs), and obstetricians‐gynecologists (5.56 claims per 100 PCYs) (P < 0.001 for all comparisons). The most common allegation types made against hospitalists were for errors in medical treatment (41.5%) and diagnosis (36.0%). The most common contributing factors underlying claims were deficiencies in clinical judgment (54.4%) and communication (36.4%). Of the claims made against hospitalists, 50.4% involved the death of the patient.CONCLUSIONSDespite fears of increased liability from the hospitalist model of care, hospitalists in internal medicine are subject to medical malpractice claims less frequently when compared to other internal medicine physicians and specialties. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2014;9:750–755. © 2014 Society of Hospital Medicine
Formulation, synthesis and characterization of boron phosphate (BPO4) compounds as raw materials to develop slow‐release boron fertilizers
Authors: Abat Margaret , Degryse Fien , Baird Roslyn , McLaughlin Michael J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe investigated the use of boron phosphate (BPO4) as a slow‐release boron (B) source. Boron phosphate compounds were synthesized by mixing boric acid (H3BO3) and phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and heating at temperatures of 25 to 1000°C for 1 or 24 h. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and chemical analysis confirmed the formation of BPO4. The crystallinity of these compounds increased with increasing temperature and heating time. The compounds synthesized at 300°C or less were hygroscopic and clumped together, while those synthesized at 500 to 1000°C were non‐hygroscopic and free‐flowing. The solubility of these compounds was assessed at different pH and P concentrations, and compared to the solubility of ulexite and colemanite. The solubility of the BPO4 compounds decreased with increasing synthesis temperature and with decreasing pH. The solubility and the kinetics of B release from BPO4 compounds synthesized at 500 and 800°C were slower than for most commonly used B sources. Given their slow dissolution, the BPO4 compounds may have potential to continuously supply B to crops in environments where B leaching is a problem. The compounds synthesized at 500 and 800°C show potential for co‐granulation with macronutrient fertilizers such as mono‐ammonium phosphate to produce slow‐release B‐enriched granules.
Individual glass shard trace element analyses confirm that all known Toba tephra reported from India is from the c. 75‐ka Youngest Toba eruption
Authors: PEARCE NICHOLAS J. G. , WESTGATE JOHN A. , GATTI EMMA , PATTAN JINNAPPA N. , PARTHIBAN GOPAL , ACHYUTHAN HEMA 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTUncertainty over the identity and age of Toba tephras across peninsular India persists, with radiometric age dates contradicting earlier compositional data, which have been used to identify this important stratigraphic marker as the Youngest Toba Tuff (YTT). To address this issue, new single glass shard analyses have been performed for samples from Morgaon and Bori (north‐western India), which have recently been dated at c. 800 ka. These, and indeed all Toba tephra samples thus far analysed from India, show the presence of four populations of glass shards (defined by their Ba/Y ratio), which uniquely identifies them as products of the c. 75‐ka Youngest Toba eruption. Confirmation that the YTT fingerprint is characteristic comes from new analyses of Oldest Toba Tuff (OTT) glass shards from five sites in the Indian Ocean. These are compositionally identical to Layer D from the ODP site 758 sediment core (c. 800 ka), and belong to a single, low‐Ba population, clearly different from YTT. These analyses show that there is essentially no reworked OTT material in the YTT eruption, and indicate unequivocally that all known Toba tephra occurrences in India belong to the c. 75‐ka Youngest Toba eruption.
Development of 8‐in. oxide‐TFT‐driven flexible AMOLED display using high‐performance red phosphorescent OLED
Authors: Nakajima Yoshiki , Nakata Mitsuru , Takei Tatsuya , Fukagawa Hirohiko , Motomura Genichi , Tsuji Hiroshi , Shimizu Takahisa , Fujisaki Yoshihide , Kurita Taiichiro , Yamamoto Toshihiro 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAn 8‐in. flexible active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode (AMOLED) display driven by oxide thin‐film transistors (TFTs) has been developed. In‐Ga‐Zn‐O (IGZO)‐TFTs used as driving devices were fabricated directly on a plastic film at a low temperature below 200 °C. To form a SiOx layer for use as the gate insulator of the TFTs, direct current pulse sputtering was used for the deposition at a low temperature. The fabricated TFT shows a good transfer characteristic and enough carrier mobility to drive OLED displays with Video Graphic Array pixels. A solution‐processable photo‐sensitive polymer was also used as a passivation layer of the TFTs. Furthermore, a high‐performance phosphorescent OLED was developed as a red‐light‐emitting device. Both lower power consumption and longer lifetime were achieved in the OLED, which used an efficient energy transfer from the host material to the guest material in the emission layer. By assembling these technologies, a flexible AMOLED display was fabricated on the plastic film. We obtained a clear and uniform moving color image on the display.
A course on thin‐film transistor circuit design for modern displays
Authors: Guo Xiaojun , Wang Yanwei , Chen Li 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA new subject‐specific course on thin‐film transistor (TFT) circuit design is introduced, covering related knowledge of display technologies, TFT device physics, processing, characterization, modeling and circuit design. A design project is required for students to deepen the understanding even more and get hands‐on design experience. This course can be an intense 1‐week course to offer a full training of design engineers in an organized way to meet the ever‐increasing needs in display industry for TFT circuit design specialists. It can also be organized in one semester for electrical engineering Master's and Ph.D. students.
Truly wearable display comprised of a flexible battery, flexible display panel, and flexible printed circuit
Authors: Tajima Ryota , Miwa Takuya , Oguni Teppei , Hitotsuyanagi Aya , Miyake Hiroyuki , Katagiri Haruki , Goto Yuugo , Saito Yumiko , Goto Junya , Kaneyasu Makoto , Hiroki Masaaki , Takahashi Minoru , Yamazaki Shunpei 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn an effort to create a truly flexible and wearable display having a flexible battery as well as a flexible organic light‐emitting diode panel and a flexible printed circuit, a flexible lithium‐ion battery has been developed, and a prototype wrist‐wearable or arm‐wearable display has been fabricated. Owing to improvements in the internal structure and exterior of the lithium‐ion battery, no remarkable changes in charge and discharge curves and the internal state of the electrodes were observed even after conducting a 10,000‐cycle bending test. Therefore, this flexible lithium‐ion battery prototype demonstrated remarkable bending resistance. Thus, we succeeded in fabricating a truly flexible and wearable display comprised of a flexible organic light‐emitting diode panel, a flexible printed circuit, and a flexible battery.
Sulforaphane suppresses cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting GATA4/GATA6 expression and MAPK signaling pathways
Authors: Kee Hae Jin , Kim Gwi Ran , Kim In Kyeom , Jeong Myung Ho 
Published: October 2014

ScopeSulforaphane (SFN) is a naturally occurring isothiocynate compound found in cruciferous vegetables. Here, we report the effect of SFN on cardiac hypertrophy and propose an underlying mechanism.Methods and resultsSFN suppresses cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by hypertrophic stimuli in vitro and in vivo. SFN suppresses the expression of fetal genes, including atrial natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide, and beta myosin heavy chain. We used an siRNA technique and atrial natriuretic peptide promoter with mutated GATA binding sites to demonstrate that SFN mediates cardiac hypertrophy by modulating transcription factors GATA4/6.ConclusionThese results suggest that SFN has the potential to prevent cardiac hypertrophy by downregulating GATA4/6 and mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathways.
Multiparametric MRI reveals dynamic changes in molecular signatures of injured spinal cord in monkeys
Authors: Wang Feng , Qi Hui‐Xin , Zu Zhongliang , Mishra Arabinda , Tang Chaohui , Gore John C. , Chen Li Min 
Published: October 2014

PurposeTo monitor the spontaneous recovery of cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) using longitudinal multiparametric MRI methods.MethodsQuantitative MRI imaging including diffusion tensor imaging, magnetization transfer (MT), and chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) were conducted in anesthetized squirrel monkeys at 9.4T. The structural, cellular, and molecular features of the spinal cord were examined before and at different time points after a dorsal column lesion in each monkey.ResultsImages with MT contrast enhanced visualization of the gray and white matter boundaries and the lesion and permitted differentiation of core and rim compartments within an abnormal volume (AV). In the early weeks after SCI, both core and rim exhibited low cellular density and low protein content, with high levels of exchanging hydroxyl, amine, and amide protons, as evidenced by increased apparent diffusion coefficient, decreased fractional anisotropy, decreased MT ratio, decreased nuclear Overhauser effect, and large CEST effects. Over time, cellular density and fiber density increased, whereas amide, amine, and hydroxyl levels dropped significantly, but at differing rates. Histology confirmed the nature of the AV to be a cyst.ConclusionMultiparametric MRI offers a novel method to quantify the spontaneous changes in structure and cellular and molecular compositions of SC during spontaneous recovery from injury. Magn Reson Med 74:1125–1137, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Generalized Robin–Neumann explicit coupling schemes for incompressible fluid‐structure interaction: Stability analysis and numerics
Authors: Fernández Miguel A. , Mullaert Jimmy , Vidrascu Marina 
Published: October 2014

SUMMARYWe introduce a new class of explicit coupling schemes for the numerical solution of fluid‐structure interaction problems involving a viscous incompressible fluid and an elastic structure. These methods generalize the arguments reported in [Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., 267:566–593, 2013, Numer. Math., 123(1):21–65, 2013] to the case of the coupling with thick‐walled structures. The basic idea lies in the derivation of an intrinsic interface Robin consistency at the space semi‐discrete level, using a lumped‐mass approximation in the structure. The fluid–solid splitting is then performed through appropriate extrapolations of the solid velocity and stress on the interface. Based on these methods, a new, parameter‐free, Robin–Neumann iterative procedure is also proposed for the partitioned solution of implicit coupling. A priori energy estimates, guaranteeing the stability of the schemes and the convergence of the iterative procedure, are established within a representative linear setting. The accuracy and performance of the methods are illustrated in several numerical examples. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.