bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient Shadow Removal Using Subregion Matching Illumination Transfer
Authors: Xiao Chunxia , Xiao Donglin , Zhang Ling , Chen Lin 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis paper proposes a new shadow removal approach for input single natural image by using subregion matching illumination transfer We first propose an effective and automatic shadow detection algorithm incorporating global successive thresholding scheme and local boundary refinement. Then we present a novel shadow removal algorithm by performing illumination transfer on the matched subregion pairs between the shadow regions and non‐shadow regions, and this method can process complex images with different kinds of shadowed texture regions and illumination conditions. In addition, we develop an efficient shadow boundary processing method by using alpha matte interpolation, which produces seamless transition between the shadow and non‐shadow regions. Experimental results demonstrate the capabilities of our algorithm in both the shadow removal quality and performance.
Suitability of native and ornamental oak species inCalifornia forAgrilus auroguttatus
Authors: Haavik L.J. , Graves A.D. , Coleman T.W. , Flint M.L. , Venette R.C. , Seybold S.J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractGoldspotted oak borer,Agrilus auroguttatusSchaeffer (Coleoptera:Buprestidae), is a new invasive species in southernCalifornia, USA. The extent of the host range of this insect is not known, but this knowledge will have a major impact on assessment of the risks that this pest poses to oaks [Quercusspp. (Fagaceae)]. We conducted laboratory tests to determine the potential suitability of native and ornamental oak species for larvae and adults ofA. auroguttatus. We infested 179 cut logs (from 163 different trees) with eggs or larvae, measured neonate survival and, after 5 months, counted feeding galleries, and noted the proportion of galleries with late instars. Initial larval survival was generally high when larvae penetrated the phloem (range: 62–98% among oak species), and low by the time larvae began to feed at the phloem/xylem interface (range: 0–25% among oak species). The majority of larvae that established a visible feeding gallery survived to the fourth instar (total of 73% for all oak species). Larval galleries were established with greater frequency in red oaks (SectionLobatae) compared with other oaks (19 vs. 7 or 4%). All red oaks tested (Q. agrifoliaNée,Q. kelloggiiNewberry, andQ. wislizeniA.DC.) were likely suitable hosts for larvae. Larvae were apparently able to feed on some of the other oaks (Q. chrysolepisLeibmann,Q. suberL.,Q. lobataNée, andQ. douglasiiHook &Arn), although it remains unclear whether these species would be preferred hosts under natural conditions. Adult longevity and fecundity varied little by species of oak foliage fed to adults. The host range ofA. auroguttatusis likely limited by suitability of oak species for the larval rather than the adult life stage. Results support published field observations that red oaks are more suitable hosts than white oaks.
Adapting the personality‐targetedPreventureprogram to prevent substance use and associated harms among high‐riskAustralian adolescents
Authors: Barrett Emma L. , Newton Nicola C. , Teesson Maree , Slade Tim , Conrod Patricia J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimSubstance use among adolescents is of significant concern and the need for preventive interventions is clear. Although universal prevention programs have shown to reduce substance use among Australian adolescents, no effective selective program has been developed for high‐risk youth inAustralia.Preventureis a personality‐targeted intervention that has shown to be effective in theUKandCanada and is yet to be trialled inAustralia. Before doing so, it is necessary to ensure the content is relevant for the Australian setting. This study reports data collected to update and adapt theUK‐basedPreventureprogram for use inAustralia.MethodsEight focus groups were conducted with 69 students from three secondary schools inSydney,Australia. Students who screened high risk for early‐onset substance misuse were invited to participate in focus groups specific to their personality profile and provide feedback. Written feedback was also obtained from 12 teachers and health professionals.ResultsStudents, teachers and experts recommended specific changes to the content, language, scenarios and graphics of thePreventuremanuals. The majority of teachers and experts believed that the educational content of the program was appropriate for students and that it would be effective in reducing substance use in this population.ConclusionsThe information obtained in the current study was used to update thePreventureprogram for use withAustralian adolescents. It is expected that this modifiedPreventureprogram will demonstrate similar effects in reducing alcohol and drug use among high‐risk youth inAustralia, as it did in theUKandCanada.
Oncogenic potential of CK2α and its regulatory role in EGF‐induced HDAC2 expression in human liver cancer
Authors: Kim Hyung S. , Chang Young G. , Bae Hyun J. , Eun Jung W. , Shen Qingyu , Park Se J. , Shin Woo C. , Lee Eun K. , Park Soha , Ahn Young M. , Park Won S. , Lee Jung Y. , Nam Suk W. 
Published: November 2013

Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) is aberrantly regulated and plays a pivotal role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through regulation of cell‐cycle components at the transcriptional level, but the underlying mechanism leading to oncogenic HDAC2 remains unknown. In this study, we show that expression of CK2α (casein kinase II α subunit) was up‐regulated in a large cohort of human HCC patients, and that high expression of CK2α was significantly associated with poor prognosis of HCC patients in terms of five‐year overall survival. It was also found that CK2α over‐expression positively correlated with HDAC2 over‐expression in a subset of HCCs. We observed that treatment with epidermal growth factor (EGF) elicited an increase in CK2α expression and Akt phosphorylation, causing induction of HDAC2 expression in liver cancer cells. It was also observed that ectopic expression of dominant‐negative CK2α blocked EGF‐induced HDAC2 expression, and that ectopic CK2α expression attenuated the suppressive effect of Akt knockdown on HDAC2 expression in liver cancer cells. Targeted disruption of CK2α influenced the cell cycle, causing a significant increase in the number of liver cancer cells remaining in G2/M phase, and suppressed growth via repression of Cdc25c and cyclin B in liver cancer cells. Taken together, our findings suggest the oncogenic potential of CK2α in liver tumorigenesis. Furthermore, a regulatory mechanism for HDAC2 expression is proposed whereby EGF induces transcriptional activation of HDAC2 by CK2α/Akt activation in liver cancer cells. Therefore, this makes CK2α a promising target in cancer therapy.
An innovative nano‐sorbent for selective solid‐phase extraction and spectrophotometric determination of p‐amino benzoic acid in cosmetic products
Authors: Abdolmohammad‐Zadeh H. , Falaghi S. , Rahimpour E. 
Published: November 2013

SynopsisObjectiveA novel nano‐sorbent was developed for selective extraction and pre‐concentration of p‐amino benzoic acid (PABA) prior to determination by spectrophotometry.MethodsSelective extraction of PABA from aqueous solutions was performed using a solid‐phase extraction column packed with 200 mg of nickel–zinc–aluminium layered double hydroxide (Ni‐Zn‐Al LDH) as a nano‐sorbent. Extraction procedure is based on the adsorption of p‐amino benzoate ions on the Ni‐Zn‐Al‐nitrate LDH and/or their exchanging with LDH interlayer nitrate ions. After elution of extracted analyte by 2.5 mL of 2 mol L−1 NaCl solution, its concentration was determined spectrophotometrically at λmax = 268 nm.ResultsThe spectrophotometry method gave a linear response for PABA within the range of 12.5–425.0 μg L−1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9994. In the optimum experimental conditions, the limit of detection and sorption capacity were 3.78 μg L−1 and 21.25 mg g−1, respectively.ConclusionThe presented method uses mild separation conditions and is a sensitive, reproducible, simple, low‐cost and environment‐friendly technique that could be used for the extraction and determination of PABA in various cosmetic samples.
Effect of Heat Stress on the Photosynthetic Characteristics in Flag Leaves at the Grain‐Filling Stage of Different Heat‐Resistant Winter Wheat Varieties
Authors: Feng B. , Liu P. , Li G. , Dong S. T. , Wang F. H. , Kong L. A. , Zhang J. W. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractHeat stress has become an increasingly important factor in limiting wheat yields. In northernChina, high temperature (>30 °C) during the grain filling is one of the major constraints in increasing wheat productivity. We used two winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) cultivars with different sensitivities to heat stress (Jimai 22 ‘JM22’, low sensitivity and Xinmai 26 ‘XM26’, high sensitivity) to study the various aspects of photosynthetic characteristics during the grain filling stage under heat stress. The results showed that photosynthesis rates (Pn) in flag leaves ofXM26 decreased faster than inJM22 under heat stress during the grain‐filling stage.Pndecreased more rapidly under heat stress than without stress, by up to 69.9% and 59.3%, respectively, at 10 days following heat stress (10DAS). This decline ofPnwas not caused by heat‐induced stomatal limitation, but rather by a decline in Rubisco activity and a functional drop in photosystemII(PSII). After heat stress, the grain yield ofJM22 decreased by 6.41%, butXM26 decreased by 11.43%, when compared with their respective controls. Heat stress also caused an alteration of mesophyll cell ultrastructure. Injury caused by heat stress to organelles inXM26 was more severe thanJM22. Moreover, theJM22 cultivar showed some self‐repair capacity following heat stress injury. These results indicate that declines in photosynthetic performance caused by heat stress were cultivar‐dependent. Compared withXM26, theJM22 cultivar had superior heat stability in terms ofPSIIfunction and carboxylation activity, both of which are susceptible to heat stress.
The effects of cultural intelligence on performance in multicultural teams
Authors: Moon Taewon 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis study investigates the relative performance changes of multicultural teams (MCTs) over time, as well as the relationship between cultural intelligence (CQ) and performance in MCTs. More specifically, we argue that MCTs' CQ alleviates the adverse effect of cultural diversity on team performance, thereby demonstrating the importance of CQ for multicultural teams. Using data from 73 project groups comprising 327 members, the results have demonstrated that the degree of cultural diversity on MCTs influences team performance over time, and that those teams with higher levels of CQ tend to gradually exhibit higher rates of performance improvement. In addition, the results indicate that CQ moderates the relationship between cultural diversity and team performance.
Can climate explain interannual local extinctions among bird species?
Authors: Boucher‐Lalonde Véronique , Thériault Francois L. , Currie David J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimGeographical variations in species richness are strongly related to temperature and precipitation. On ecological time‐scales, these variations in species richness should reflect rates of immigration and local extinction (extirpation). Here we ask whether the probability of local extinction in passerine birds covaries with climate. Specifically, we test whether local extinctions increase with climatic harshness or with the climatic distance from a species' optimal climate.LocationUSA and Canada.MethodsWe obtained bird counts from the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) from 1967 to 2012. For each BBS route, we calculated the probability of interannual local extinction for each of 206 passerine birds. We then used linear mixed‐effects models and structural equation modelling to relate local extinction rates to our hypothesized predictor variables: temperature, precipitation and their distance from the species' most occupied temperature and precipitation.ResultsWe found that local extinctions are nearly independent of temperature and precipitation: no climate is inherently more extinction‐prone than any other. Similarly, the climatic distance from a species' maximally occupied temperature and precipitation has only an extremely weak positive effect on the probability of local extinction. We found that only abundance has a strong negative effect on the probability of local extinction.Main conclusionsAlthough variations in local extinctions are typically spatially structured, we conclude that they are not related to contemporary climate in a consistent way among species. Broad‐scale geographical gradients of species richness are unlikely to be driven by higher extinction rates in climatically harsh areas.
Piscirickettsiosis and Piscirickettsia salmonis in fish: a review
Authors: Rozas M , Enríquez R 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe bacterium Piscirickettsia salmonis is the aetiological agent of piscirickettsiosis a severe disease that has caused major economic losses in the aquaculture industry since its appearance in 1989. Recent reports of P. salmonis or P. salmonis‐like organisms in new fish hosts and geographical regions have increased interest in the bacterium. Because this gram‐negative bacterium is still poorly understood, many relevant aspects of its life cycle, virulence and pathogenesis must be investigated before prophylactic procedures can be properly designed. The development of effective control strategies for the disease has been limited due to a lack of knowledge about the biology, intracellular growth, transmission and virulence of the organism. Piscirickettsiosis has been difficult to control; the failure of antibiotic treatment is common, and currently used vaccines show variable long‐term efficacy. This review summarizes the biology and characteristics of the bacterium, including its virulence; the infective strategy of P. salmonis for survival and evasion of the host immune response; the host immune response to invasion by this pathogen; and newly described features of the pathology, pathogenesis, epidemiology and transmission. Current approaches to the prevention of and treatment for piscirickettsiosis are discussed.
CONNECT for Better Fall Prevention in Nursing Homes: Results from a Pilot Intervention Study
Authors: Colon‐Emeric Cathleen S. , McConnell Eleanor , Pinheiro Sandro O. , Corazzini Kirsten , Porter Kristie , Earp Kelly M. , Landerman Lawrence , Beales Julie , Lipscomb Jeffrey , Hancock Kathryn , Anderson Ruth A. 
Published: November 2013

ObjectivesTo determine whether an intervention that improves nursing home (NH) staff connections, communication, and problem solving (CONNECT) would improve implementation of a falls reduction education program (FALLS).DesignCluster randomized trial.SettingCommunity (n = 4) and Veterans Affairs (VA) NHs (n = 4).ParticipantsStaff in any role with resident contact (n = 497).InterventionNHs received FALLS alone (control) or CONNECT followed by FALLS (intervention), each delivered over 3 months. CONNECT used storytelling, relationship mapping, mentoring, self‐monitoring, and feedback to help staff identify communication gaps and practice interaction strategies. FALLS included group training, modules, teleconferences, academic detailing, and audit and feedback.MeasurementsNH staff completed surveys about interactions at baseline, 3 months (immediately after CONNECT or control period), and 6 months (immediately after FALLS). A random sample of resident charts was abstracted for fall risk reduction documentation (n = 651). Change in facility fall rates was an exploratory outcome. Focus groups were conducted to explore changes in organizational learning.ResultsSignificant improvements in staff perceptions of communication quality, participation in decision‐making, safety climate, caregiving quality, and use of local interaction strategies were observed in intervention community NHs (treatment‐by‐time effect P = .01) but not in VA NHs, where a ceiling effect was observed. Fall risk reduction documentation did not change significantly, and the direction of change in individual facilities did not relate to observed direction of change in fall rates. Fall rates did not change in control facilities (falls/bed per year: baseline, 2.61; after intervention, 2.64) but decreased by 12% in intervention facilities (falls/bed per year: baseline, 2.34; after intervention, 2.06); the effect of treatment on rate of change was 0.81 (95% confidence interval = 0.55–1.20).ConclusionCONNECT has the potential to improve care delivery in NHs, but the trend toward improving fall rates requires confirmation in a larger ongoing study.
Frequent Falling and Motor Vehicle Collision Involvement of Older Drivers
Authors: Huisingh Carrie , McGwin Gerald , Orman Katherine A. , Owsley Cynthia 
Published: November 2013

ObjectivesTo examine the relationship between frequent falls in older drivers and motor vehicle collision (MVC) involvement.DesignCross‐sectional.SettingNorth central Alabama.ParticipantsPopulation‐based sample of 2,000 licensed drivers aged 70 and older.MeasurementsSelf‐reported history of falling two or more times in the prior year was the main predictor. Outcomes were any MVC or at‐fault MVC in the prior year.ResultsApproximately 9% of older drivers reported having fallen two or more times in the prior year. Logistic regression models indicated that frequent falling was associated with having any MVC (crude odds ratio (OR) = 1.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.77–3.02) and an at‐fault MVC (OR = 2.21, 95% CI = 0.97–5.06). Adjustment for the potentially confounding effects of demographic, health, visual, and driving characteristics did not meaningfully affect the association with any MVC, whereas the association with at‐fault MVC was weakened (adjusted OR = 2.03, 95% CI = 0.84–4.90).ConclusionFrequent falling was associated with at‐fault MVC involvement of older drivers, especially whites. History of falling can be used to identify individuals at risk of MVC involvement and to begin a dialogue about driver safety.
Applying Industrial Symbiosis to Smallholder Farms
Authors: Alfaro Jose , Miller Shelie 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThe study of industrial symbiosis (IS) has largely focused on the exchange of energy and materials among industrial processes in an effort to increase value and reduce environmental impact. Agricultural systems, particularly those located in developing countries, can benefit from the principles of IS. Relatively few studies have analyzed the potential benefits of integrated material and energy flows in smallholder farming, even though these systems are considered essential to the world's food supply and poverty reduction.Although the concepts can be applied to virtually any system, the study of industrial symbiosis has traditionally focused on industrialized systems in developed countries. The research presented here applies the principles of IS to smallholder farms using optimization techniques to maximize farm output while minimizing wastes. Our research links IS to the growing field of integrated farming research (IFR), which seeks to create new technologies that increase the production of farms by viewing the farm as a system. Bridging these fields enriches the potential for robust research outcomes in both areas and fills a current knowledge gap. IS benefits from exploring new applications and increasing its penetration into the developing world. IFR benefits from established IS tools to create alternate pathways for increased output based on symbiotic relationships.A small farming system in Liberia, West Africa, is used as a case study. System integration of individual unit processes shows increased productivity and decreased waste. The results of this analysis indicate that there are unrealized opportunities for IS in developing countries, and integration of IS techniques into smallholder farming operations has the potential for impacting sustainable development.
The initial garnet‐in reaction involving siderite–rhodochrosite, garnet re‐equilibration and P–T–t paths of graphitic schists in the Black Hills orogen, South Dakota, USA
Authors: Nabelek P. I. , Chen Y. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIt is generally thought that garnet in metapelites is produced by continuous reactions involving chlorite or chloritoid. Recent publications have suggested that the equilibrium temperatures of garnet‐in reactions may be significantly overstepped in regionally metamorphosed terranes. The growth of small spessartine–almandine garnet crystals on Mn‐siderite at the garnet isograd in graphitic metapelites in the Proterozoic Black Hills orogen, South Dakota, demonstrates that Mn‐siderite was the principal reactant that produced the initial garnet in the schists. Moreover, the positions of garnet compositions in isobaric, T–(C/H) pseudosections for the schists show that the temperature of the garnet‐in reaction from Mn‐siderite was overstepped minimally at the most. In the Black Hills, garnet was initially produced during regional metamorphism beginning at c. 1755 Ma due to the collision of Wyoming and Superior cratons, and was subsequently partially or fully re‐equilibrated at more elevated temperatures and pressures during intrusion of the Harney Peak Granite (HPG) at c. 1715 Ma. Garnet occurs in graphitic schists in garnet, staurolite and sillimanite zones, the latter being a product of contact metamorphism by HPG. During metamorphism, coexisting fluid contained both CO2 and CH4. In the garnet zone, garnet crystals contain petrographically distinct cores with inclusions of quartz, graphite and other minerals. Centres of the cores have distinctly elevated Y concentrations that mark the positions of garnet nucleation. The elevated Y is thought to have come from the Mn‐siderite onto which Y was probably absorbed during precipitation in an ocean. In the upper garnet and staurolite zones, the cores were overgrown by inclusion‐poor mantles. Mantles are highly zoned and have more elevated Fe and Mg and lower Mn and Ca than cores. The growth of mantles is attributed to late‐orogenic heating by leucogranite magmas and attendant influx of H2O that caused consumption of graphite in rock matrices. A portion of the Proterozoic terrane that includes the HPG is surrounded by four large faults. In this ‘HPG block’, garnet is inclusion‐poor and its composition does not preserve its early growth history. This garnet appears to have re‐equilibrated by internal diffusion of its major components and/or recrystallization of an earlier inclusion‐rich garnet. It has equilibrated within the kyanite stability range, and together with remnant kyanite in the high‐strain aureole of the HPG, indicates that the HPG block had a ≥6 kbar history. The HPG block has undergone decompression during emplacement of the HPG. The decompression is evident in occurrences of retrograde andalusite and cordierite in the thermal aureole of the HPG. The data support a polybaric metamorphic history of the Black Hills orogen with different segments of the orogen having their own clockwise P–T–t paths.