bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased familiarity, knowledge and confidence with Nutrition Care Process Terminology following implementation across a statewide health‐care system
Authors: Vivanti Angela , Ferguson Maree , Porter Jane , O'Sullivan Therese , Hulcombe Julie 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimInformation on attitudes and knowledge of practising dietitians regarding the Nutrition Care Process (NCP) and International Dietetics and Nutrition Terminology (IDNT) would be useful to inform effective implementation. The present study aimed to: (i) explore dietitians' expectations, perceptions and anticipated benefits of NCP/IDNT pre and post implementation; (ii) identify perceived implementation barriers and enablers; and (iii) develop and assess a train‐the‐trainer NCP/IDNT implementation approach.MethodsAll Queensland Government State hospitals from metropolitan, regional and remote areas were included in the study. Dietitian champions (n = 17) attended one face‐to‐face, train‐the‐trainer day, then led 14 one‐hour educational sessions to 279 district dietitians tailored to local situations, facilities and resources. NCP/IDNT were embedded into local processes and chart audits completed. Pre‐/post‐implementation surveys were completed by 86 dietitians.ResultsPre‐implementation results showed positive attitudes regarding the value of NCP/IDNT (mean 1.89, SD 0.67, 1 = strongly agree, 5 = strongly disagree). Dietitians identified management support; practice, tutorials and workshops; mentor support; and follow up audits as important for successful implementation. Most attendees (81%) completed ≥10/13 tutorials and 86% (415/480) of audited charts included Nutritional Diagnosis statements. Post‐implementation familiarity, confidence and knowledge of NCPT (Nutrition Care Process Terminology) significantly improved (P < 0.001).ConclusionsPrior to implementation, respondents viewed the NCP/IDNT as applicable to their practice areas. The train‐the‐trainer program with frequent teleconference and email support was effective in improving knowledge, confidence, preparedness for implementing NCPT and charting behaviour. Although training was positively received and has achieved good results, dietitians identified the need for ongoing training and support to further increase confidence following implementation.
Internal Control over Financial Reporting and the Safeguarding of Corporate Resources: Evidence from the Value of Cash Holdings
Authors: Gao Xinghua , Jia Yonghong 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe test whether internal control weaknesses (ICWs) endanger cash resources that manifests in a lower value of cash. Our results indicate that investors value liquid assets in ICW firms substantially less than they do in non‐ICW firms. The negative valuation effect of weak internal control mainly concentrates on ICWs related to the control environment or overall financial reporting process. While firms remediating ICWs reverse the value loss from holding cash, firms whose internal control deteriorates or remains ineffective exhibit a lower value of cash. The marginal effect of ICWs on the value of cash remains significant after controlling for existing governance mechanisms and accounting conservatism, highlighting a unique governance role of internal control in mitigating unresolved agency problems and safeguarding corporate resources.
Microcirculatory dysfunction and tissue oxygenation in critical illness
Authors: Østergaard L. , Granfeldt A. , Secher N. , Tietze A. , Iversen N. K. , Jensen M. S. , Andersen K. K. , Nagenthiraja K. , Gutiérrez‐Lizardi P. , Mouridsen K. , Jespersen S. N. , Tønnesen E. K. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSevere sepsis is defined by organ failure, often of the kidneys, heart, and brain. It has been proposed that inadequate delivery of oxygen, or insufficient extraction of oxygen in tissue, may explain organ failure. Despite adequate maintenance of systemic oxygen delivery in septic patients, their morbidity and mortality remain high.The assumption that tissue oxygenation can be preserved by maintaining its blood supply follows from physiological models that only apply to tissue with uniformly perfused capillaries. In sepsis, the microcirculation is profoundly disturbed, and the blood supply of individual organs may therefore no longer reflect their access to oxygen.We review how capillary flow patterns affect oxygen extraction efficacy in tissue, and how the regulation of tissue blood flow must be adjusted to meet the metabolic needs of the tissue as capillary flows become disturbed as observed in critical illness. Using the brain, heart, and kidney as examples, we discuss whether disturbed capillary flow patterns might explain the apparent mismatch between organ blood flow and organ function in sepsis. Finally, we discuss diagnostic means of detecting capillary flow disturbance in animal models and in critically ill patients, and address therapeutic strategies that might improve tissue oxygenation by modifying capillary flow patterns.
Mitochondrial DNA variation of Nigerian domestic helmeted guinea fowl
Authors: Adeola Adeniyi C. , Ommeh Sheila C. , Murphy Robert W. , Wu Shi‐Fang , Peng Min‐Sheng , Zhang Ya‐Ping 
Published: July 2015

SummaryWe analyzed genetic diversity of 215 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D‐loop sequences from seven populations of domesticated helmeted guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) in Nigeria and compared that with results of samples collected in Kenya (n = 4) and China (n = 22). In total, 241 sequences were assigned to 22 distinct haplotypes. Haplotype diversity in Nigeria was 0.693 ± 0.022. The network grouped most matrilines into two main haplogroups: A and B. There was an absence of a geographic signal, and two haplotypes dominated across all locations with the exception of the Kebbi population in the northwest of the country; AMOVA also confirmed this observation (FST = 0.035). The low genetic diversity may be a result of recent domestication, whereas the lack of maternal genetic structure likely suggests the extensive genetic intermixing within the country. Additionally, the differentiation of the Kebbi population may be due to a certain demographic history and/or artificial selection that shaped its haplotype profile. The current data do not permit us to make further conclusions; therefore, more research evidence from genetics and archaeology is still required.
Transcriptome comparison in the pituitary–adrenal axis between Beagle and Chinese Field dogs after chronic stress exposure
Authors: Luo Wei , Fang Meixia , Xu Haiping , Xing Huijie , Nie Qinghua 
Published: July 2015

SummaryChronic stress can induce a series of maladjustments, and the response to stress is partly regulated by the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic mechanisms of this axis regulating stress responsiveness. The pituitary and adrenal cortex of Beagle and Chinese Field Dog (CFD) from a stress exposure group [including Beagle pituitary 1 (BP1), CFD pituitary 1 (CFDP1), Beagle adrenal cortex 1 (BAC1), CFD adrenal cortex 1 (CFDAC1)] and a control group [including Beagle pituitary 2 (BP2), CFD pituitary 2 (CFDP2), Beagle adrenal cortex 2 (BAC2), CFD adrenal cortex 2 (CFDAC2)], selected to perform RNA‐seq transcriptome comparisons, showed that 40, 346, 376, 69, 70, 38, 57 and 71 differentially expressed genes were detected in BP1 vs. BP2, CFDP1 vs. CFDP2, BP1 vs. CFDP1, BP2 vs. CFDP2, BAC1 vs. BAC2, CFDAC1 vs. CFDAC2, BAC1 vs. CFDAC1 and BAC2 vs. CFDAC2 respectively. NPB was a gene common to BAC1 vs. BAC2 and CFDAC1 vs. CFDAC2, indicating it was a potential gene affecting response to chronic stress, regardless of the extent of chronic stress induced. PLP1 was a gene common to BP1 vs. CFDP1 and BP2 vs. CFDP2, suggesting its important roles in affecting the stress‐tolerance difference between the two breeds, regardless of whether there was stress exposure or not. Pathway analysis found 12, 4, 11 and 1 enriched pathway in the comparisons of BP1 vs. CFDP1, BP2 vs. CFDP2, CFDP1 vs. CFDP2 and BAC1 vs. BAC2 respectively. Glutamatergic synapse, neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction, retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, GABAergic synapse, calcium signaling pathway and dopaminergic synapse were the most significantly enriched pathways in both CFDP1 vs. CFDP2 and BP1 vs. CFDP1. GO, KEGG pathway and gene network analysis demonstrated that GRIA3, GRIN2A, GRIN2B and NPY were important in regulating the stress response in CFD. Nevertheless, ADORA1, CAMK2A, GRM1, GRM7 and NR4A1 might be critical genes contributing to the stress‐tolerance difference between CFD and Beagle when subjected to stress exposure. In addition, RGS4 and SYN1 might play important roles both in regulating the stress response in CFD and in affecting the stress‐tolerance difference in different breeds. These observations clearly showed that some genes in the adrenal cortex and pituitary could regulate the stress response in Beagle and CFDs, whereas some others could affect the stress‐tolerance difference between these two breeds. Our results can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the genetic mechanisms of response to chronic stress.
Costing governmental services in a reformed environment: Unreachable goal or unfinished business?
Authors: Gosselin Maurice , Henri Jean‐François , Laurin Claude 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis article assesses the impact of New Public Management (NPM) reforms in the public sector from a cost consciousness perspective. Using an action‐research methodology, we analyze the intensity of the external pressures that influence the institutional logic under which public sector organizations manage their costs. The field work shows that even after decentralization, public sector organizations appear unable to move their costing function from expense control to cost management unless external pressures motivate managers to complete the reform. We propose that the probability of success of reforms is increased when organizations are subject to strong pressures that could take the form of individual incentives or external threats.
Twenty‐First Century Managers and Intuition: An Exploratory Example of Pedagogic Change for Business Undergraduates
Authors: Brown A. , Holtham C. , Rich M. , Dove A. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThroughout the 20th century, business organizations have been subject to and have contributed to enormous changes in the way they work and the situations with which they have to deal, from revolutionary technology developments to the changing competitive environment. Since 2007, business has changed following the financial crisis. Management education needs to take account of these changes when developing degree programs that prepare students for business life.This article is based around a case study of the 1st year of a business studies degree in the United Kingdom. The degree was redesigned in the light of an understanding of what employers want from graduates, and the design was informed by pedagogic and organizational ideas ranging from Aristotle's concept of “phronesis,” to Grint's work on wicked problems, to the need to balance rational and intuitive aspects of management, as identified by Sadler‐Smith and Burke. Running through the new design was an intention to equip students to make effective and appropriate decisions in a complex and continually evolving environment. There is a recognition that changes in the business landscape have led to changes in decision science. Within the article, three modules which form part of the redesigned 1st year are discussed, and the contribution of each module to the overall pedagogic approach is analyzed.Experience from delivering the three modules supported the view that it is possible to construct worthwhile learning experiences which take undergraduate students out of their comfort zone, and which build the competencies that can be expected to be valuable in their graduate employment. However, to achieve this required overcoming some resistance from a minority of students who were reluctant to accept any innovative approaches to learning.
Learning in the Fast Lane: The Freeway Game
Authors: Giraud‐Carrier François C. , Schmidt Glen M. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTWhen deciding whether to get on the freeway during rush hour, did you ever stop to consider that if you did so, you would slow everybody ELSE down? When we ask our students that question, they typically laugh—their only consideration is how long their own trip will take. When a decision maker does not account for all the costs or benefits associated with a decision, there exists what economists call an “externality.” Externalities are commonplace, and can cause significant problems (or create significant benefits) for firms and society. This article describes an online simulation game that introduces students to the concept of externalities, and helps them understand and develop ways of at least partially neutralizing negative externalities and expanding positive externalities. The game is based on a common situation with which most if not all students will have familiarity, that of traffic congestion. The article introduces the game, presents the rationale behind using a simulation game for teaching the concept of externality, and discusses how the game contributes to analytical thinking, multiple framing, reflective exploration of meaning, and practical reasoning.
Design for Thinking: Engagement in an Innovation Project
Authors: Benson Joy , Dresdow Sally 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThis article discusses the use of design thinking in an undergraduate decision‐making course. The spaces of design are linked to the dimensions of liberal learning in a way that allows students to engage in the design of an organization that supports a new product created in a collaborative team. The article provides an overview of how the innovation project requires students to manage competing ideas, engage in multiple thinking styles, and use visualization tools. Reflections of the instructor and students about their learning from the experience are included. The results of a course survey and content analysis provide evidence of the effectiveness of the course.
Behavioral Ethics and Teaching Ethical Decision Making
Authors: Drumwright Minette , Prentice Robert , Biasucci Cara 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTBusiness education often renders students less likely to act ethically. An infusion of liberal learning in the form of behavioral ethics could improve this situation by prompting students to develop higher levels of professionalism that encompass ethics, social responsibility, self‐critical reflection, and personal accountability. More specifically, teaching behavioral ethics, which draws upon psychology, sociology, and related fields, can improve students’ ethical decision making in a manner that can lead to a more ethical climate in organizations and in society more generally. This article introduces key concepts of behavioral ethics, argues that teaching behavioral ethics can have a positive impact, discusses materials that can be used to teach those concepts, and addresses action‐research approaches to assessing the effectiveness of the instruction. There is significant evidence, though preliminary and incomplete, that teaching behavioral ethics is a promising new approach for improving the ethicality of students’ decisions and actions.
An Empirical Investigation of the Conception Focused Curriculum: The Importance of Introducing Undergraduate Business Statistics Students to the “Real World”
Authors: Burch Gerald F. , Burch Jana J. , Heller Nathan A. , Batchelor John H. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTContinuing pressures are being placed on undergraduate business education to alter curriculum content and delivery. The anticipated product of these changes is a graduate that is capable of performing the higher order thinking skills needed to navigate a constantly changing, global business environment. This article describes the implementation of a conception‐focused curriculum in an undergraduate business statistics course that has guided students to become masters of the discipline through conception learning and real world problem solving. The sample of 125 students shows that students exposed to the conception‐focused curriculum perceived themselves as being higher order learners and global citizens. Recommendations are provided for other educators to implement this approach in their classrooms and suggestions made for future research.
Liberal Learning Through the Decision Sciences Curriculum
Authors: Venkataramanan M. A. , Ernstberger Kathryn W. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTTo formulate a plan for affecting the future, business schools must first understand their origins as well as the multitude of current pressures and demands they face. The fundamental philosophy that drives business education, namely the maximization of shareholder wealth, must now be coupled with an emphasis on societal value creation. Liberal learning principles are vital for students to recognize their role in society, have a sense of purpose, develop human acumen and sound judgment, and hold a holistic perspective. Decision sciences educators are called upon to redesign their curricula to embed connections between business applications and liberal learning principles in decision sciences coursework itself.
Patterns of mandible fracture in children under 12 years in a district trauma center in India
Authors: Namdev Ritu , Jindal Ayushi , Bhargava Smriti , Dutta Samir , Singhal Parul , Grewal Priyanka 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimThis study aims to present the data of mandibular fracture among children in the age group of 0–12 years treated in a district trauma center in India.Study designSixty‐two children younger than 12 years treated for mandibular fractures over two‐and‐a‐half‐year period were studied by age, gender, anatomic site, etiology, socioeconomic status, residing area, interval from trauma to reporting, and treatment performed. The cases were divided into three age groups, and the records of the patients were analyzed.ResultsThe male to female ratio was 1.58:1. Common fall and fall from bike together was a cause for injury in 50% (31 patients), of total patients. Condylar fractures occurred in 25 patients (40.3%). Multiple fractures were seen in 13% of the patients. In 47 (75.8%) patients, associated injuries other than the mandibular fractures were also present. Most patients with mandibular fractures were treated by closed reduction (36 patients, 58%). Conservative treatment and open reduction were done in 18 (29%) and 8 (13%) patients, respectively.ConclusionIn addition to factors such as age, gender, etiology, anatomic site, and treatment of mandibular fracture, this study also reported statistics regarding other factors such as residing area, socioeconomic status, and interval from trauma to reporting in Indian patients. It is hoped that the data presented here will be valuable to the government agencies and healthcare professionals for planning treatment, recommending preventive measures and encouraging research in this area.
Similar chemokine receptor profiles in lymphomas with central nervous system involvement – possible biomarkers for patient selection for central nervous system prophylaxis, a retrospective study
Authors: Lemma Siria A. , Pasanen Anna Kaisa , Haapasaari Kirsi‐Maria , Sippola Antti , Sormunen Raija , Soini Ylermi , Jantunen Esa , Koivunen Petri , Salokorpi Niina , Bloigu Risto , Turpeenniemi‐Hujanen Taina , Kuittinen Outi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCentral nervous system (CNS) relapse occurs in around 5% of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cases. No biomarkers to identify high‐risk patients have been discovered. We evaluated the expression of lymphocyte‐guiding chemokine receptors in systemic and CNS lymphomas. Immunohistochemical staining for CXCR4, CXCR5, CCR7, CXCL12, and CXCL13 was performed on 89 tissue samples, including cases of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), secondary CNS lymphoma (sCNSL), and systemic DLBCL. Also, 10 reactive lymph node samples were included. Immunoelectron microscopy was performed on two PCNSLs, one sCNSL, one systemic DLBCL, and one reactive lymph node samples, and staining was performed for CXCR4, CXCR5, CXCL12, and CXCL13. Chi‐square test was used to determine correlations between clinical parameters, diagnostic groups, and chemokine receptor expression. Strong nuclear CXCR4 positivity correlated with systemic DLBCL, whereas strong cytoplasmic CXCR5 positivity correlated with CNS involvement (P = 0.003 and P = 0.039). Immunoelectron microscopy revealed a nuclear CXCR4 staining in reactive lymph node, compared with cytoplasmic and membranous localization seen in CNS lymphomas. We found that CNS lymphoma presented a chemokine receptor profile different from systemic disease. Our findings give new information on the CNS tropism of DLBCL and, if confirmed, may contribute to more effective targeting of CNS prophylaxis among patients with DLBCL.
Phosphorylation of Tyr245 in the open‐inhibited state of Abelson kinase does not induce downstream signaling
Authors: Skora Lukasz , Kempf Dominique , Mestan Jürgen , D'Orazio Daniel , Jahnke Wolfgang 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBinding of tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as imatinib was shown to induce a novel open‐inhibited conformation of BCR‐ABL, in which Tyr245 is exposed and prone to phosphorylation. To evaluate whether this leads to priming of the kinase in cellular systems, we probed activation of downstream signaling as a result of Tyr245 phosphorylation in a series of cellular washout experiments. While a spike in Tyr245 phosphorylation was observed both in overexpression and endogenous settings, no induction of downstream signaling was detected, showing that the priming hypothesis is not relevant for the therapeutic situation.
Decreased expression of vitamin D receptor may contribute to the hyperimmune status of patients with acquired aplastic anemia
Authors: Yu Wei , Ge Meili , Lu Shihong , Shi Jun , Feng Sizhou , Li Xingxin , Zhang Jizhou , Wang Min , Huang Jinbo , Shao Yingqi , Huang Zhendong , Zhang Jing , Nie Neng , Zheng Yizhou 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAcquired aplastic anemia (AA) is an immune‐mediated bone marrow failure syndrome. 1α,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], the biologically active metabolite of vitamin D, is a critical modulator of immune response via binding with vitamin D receptor (VDR). Previous studies have established that 1,25(OH)2D3 and VDR were involved in the pathogenesis of some autoimmune diseases. In this study, we evaluated the involvement of 1,25(OH)2D3 and VDR on T‐cell responses in AA. Plasma 25(OH)D3 levels were comparable between patients with AA and healthy controls. Surprisingly, VDR mRNA was significantly lower in untreated patients with AA than in healthy controls. Subsequent in vitro experiments revealed that 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment suppressed the proliferation of lymphocytes and inhibited the secretion of interferon‐γ, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and interleukin‐17A, meanwhile promoting the production of transforming growth factor‐β1 in patients with AA. Moreover, 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibited the differentiation of type 1 and Th17 cells but induced the differentiation of type 2 and regulatory T cells. Interestingly, VDR mRNA was elevated in healthy controls after 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment, but not in patients with AA. In conclusion, decreased expression of VDR might contribute to the hyperimmune status of AA and appropriate vitamin D supplementation could partly correct the immune dysfunction by strengthening signal transduction through VDR in patients with AA.