bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecological, beneficial, and pathogenic functions of the Type 9 Secretion System
Authors: Rocha Sofia T. , Shah Dhara D. , Shrivastava Abhishek 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe recently discovered Type 9 Secretion System (T9SS) is present in bacteria of the Fibrobacteres–Bacteroidetes–Chlorobi superphylum, which are key constituents of diverse microbiomes. T9SS is instrumental in the extracellular secretion of over 270,000 proteins, including peptidases, sugar hydrolases, metal ion‐binding proteins, and metalloenzymes. These proteins are essential for the interaction of bacteria with their environment. This mini‐review explores the extensive array of proteins secreted by the T9SS. It highlights the diverse functions of these proteins, emphasizing their roles in pathogenesis, bacterial interactions, host colonization, and the overall health of the ecosystems inhabited by T9SS‐containing bacteria.
The relationships between biological novel biomarkers Lp‐PLA2 and CTRP‐3 and CVD in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Chen Yanhong , Wang Shixin , Li Jian , Fu Yu , Chen Pengsheng , Liu Xuekui , Zhang Jiao , Sun Li , Zhang Rui , Li Xiaoli , Liu Lingling 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) is recognized as a primary and severe comorbidity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is also identified as a leading cause of mortality within this population. Consequently, the identification of novel biomarkers for the risk stratification and progression of CVD in individuals with T2DM is of critical importance.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study encompassed 979 patients diagnosed with T2DM, of whom 116 experienced CVD events during the follow‐up period. Clinical assessments and comprehensive blood laboratory analyses were conducted. Age‐ and sex‐adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was utilized to evaluate the association between lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 (Lp‐PLA2), C1q/tumor necrosis factor‐related protein 3 (CTRP‐3), and the incidence of CVD in T2DM. The diagnostic performance of these biomarkers was assessed through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and the computation of the area under the curve (AUC).ResultsOver a median follow‐up of 84 months (interquartile range: 42 [32–54] months), both novel inflammatory markers, Lp‐PLA2 and CTRP‐3, and traditional lipid indices, such as low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B, exhibited aberrant expression in the CVD‐afflicted subset of the T2DM cohort. Age‐ and sex‐adjusted Cox regression analysis delineated that Lp‐PLA2 (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.007 [95% confidence interval {CI}: 1.005–1.009], p < 0.001) and CTRP‐3 (HR = 0.943 [95% CI: 0.935–0.954], p < 0.001) were independently associated with the manifestation of CVD in T2DM. ROC curve analysis indicated a substantial predictive capacity for Lp‐PLA2 (AUC = 0.81 [95% CI: 0.77–0.85], p < 0.001) and CTRP‐3 (AUC = 0.91 [95% CI: 0.89–0.93], p < 0.001) in forecasting CVD occurrence in T2DM. The combined biomarker approach yielded an AUC of 0.94 (95% CI: 0.93–0.96), p < 0.001, indicating enhanced diagnostic accuracy.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that the biomarkers Lp‐PLA2 and CTRP‐3 are dysregulated in patients with T2DM who develop CVD and that each biomarker is independently associated with the occurrence of CVD. The combined assessment of Lp‐PLA2 and CTRP‐3 may significantly augment the diagnostic precision for CVD in the T2DM demographic.image
Archaeological excavations at Sarūq al‐Ḥadīd‐2022–2023 season: stratigraphy and new absolute chronological sequence of Area G
Authors: Alkhalid Mohammed , Alkassem Amal , D'Auria Alessia , Naime Younes , Reize Felix , Alsuwaidi Mariam , Boraik Mansour , Ali Bader A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe 3‐month excavation conducted in Area G at Sarūq al‐Ḥadīd yielded novel insights into the historical occupation, abandonment and utilisation patterns of the site. The archaeological strata unearthed during our excavation dating span a significant timeframe, ranging from the fourth to the first millennium BC. Employing a stratigraphical approach, we systematically established a relative chronological sequence for the area supported by C14 absolute dating. This methodological framework enabled us to discern the temporal evolution of the site, unveiling pertinent information regarding the nature of occupation, the construction phase of the well and its temporal utilisation and the occurrences of natural phenomena such as climatic disruption, alluvial processes and sand accumulation.
Pricing the missing intangible capital: Evidence from the China A‐share market
Authors: Chen Jing , Jiang Tianyuan , Zhang Manling , Li Huixuan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study develops novel proxies for firm‐level intangible capital in China's A‐share market and assesses its pricing implications. We compile intangible capital from relevant expenditure entries detailed in the notes of financial statements and assess them using perpetual inventory methods, accounting for industry‐specific variations. Our findings reveal a significant positive intangible capital premium. Additionally, the intangible capital factor substantially improves the performance of the Fama–French three‐ and five‐factor models, and other widely accepted pricing models. This research contributes to the broader understanding of modern production paradigms that increasingly rely on intangible assets and investigates their valuation implications in financial markets.
Is it just for shareholders or for all stakeholders? Evidence based on carbon emissions and cash dividends from China
Authors: Liu Desheng , Wang Yizhen , Li Mingsheng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAs people become more aware of the catastrophic risk of carbon emissions, investors demand compensation for their exposure to carbon emission risk. However, it is unclear how a firm's carbon emissions affect its dividend policy to cater to shareholders and its implications for other stakeholders. Using publicly listed A‐share companies in China, we find that carbon emissions positively affect firms' cash dividends. The positive effect is more pronounced for firms with higher growth, better performance and those in heavily polluting industries. Furthermore, the cash dividends induced by carbon emissions benefit all stakeholders by reducing agency costs and promoting green innovations.
A portent of academic upheaval: The story of John McCarty, W. A. ‘Gus’ Sinclair and the Chair of Economic History at Monash University, 1967–1993
Authors: Millmow Alex 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis article examines the rise and fall of the department of economic history at Monash University, between 1967 and 1993, through the prism of the careers of academics John McCarty and Angus Sinclair. The Monash staff personnel files reveal the importance of a small number of influential ‘God Professors’ in the initial appointment, and in the eventual loss of the department in the face of expanding business education.
Experience of dermatologic biologic therapy use and associated opportunistic infection management in Australia's tropical north
Authors: Adams Lucinda , Metin Cyrille , Stevenson Annabel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesRoyal Darwin Hospital (RDH) is the sole public dermatology service in the Northern Territory (NT). Prescription of biologic therapies (BT) in the NT is uniquely challenging, with remote populations carrying a high tropical disease burden. The aim of this audit is to examine the demographics and outcomes of patients on BT for dermatologic conditions.MethodsRetrospective case note review of patients receiving BT through the RDH Dermatology department between August 2021 and October 2023. Data analysed were demographics, location, dermatological diagnosis and serology status.ResultsIn this audit, 115 patients were included. Age range of 13–91 years, mean of 51.1 years (±14.7), 52 (45.2%) patients were female and 8 (7.8%) identified as First Nations Australian. A large geographical area was serviced, with a primary address between 1 and 1496 km from RDH. Eighteen patients (15.7%) have discontinued BT completely. There was a statistically significant relationship between cessation of BT and increased distance of primary residence from RDH (p < 0.0007). Eighteen patients (15.7%) required management of infections identified in opportunistic infection screening. These infections were strongyloidiasis, tuberculosis, melioidosis and hepatitis B.ConclusionsThere is significant anxiety surrounding BT and tropical infections, including in returning travellers in southern Australian states. There has been particular interest in strongyloidiasis infection, as dupilumab acts on the Th2 immunity mechanism critical to parasitic infection response. This audit exhibits the unique experience of dermatological care in a tropical setting, demonstrating how BT can be used safely and how, when identified, these tropical infections can be successfully managed.
Social support and family resilience among Chinese people receiving maintenance hemodialysis: A polynomial regression and response surface analysis explaining psychological resilience
Authors: Xu Qiongying , Qiu Yuan , Yi Ting , Wang Yan , Dong Chaoqun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPsychological resilience plays an important role in overcoming emotional distress among people receiving maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). This study aimed to investigate how social support and family resilience interact to influence psychological resilience among Chinese people receiving MHD. This was a prospective longitudinal study with three time points: baseline (T1), 3 months (T2), and 6 months (T3) later. A convenience sample of 252 participants (67.1% male; 57.6 ± 13.8 years of age) from Zhejiang Province, China, who completed baseline measures of social support, family resilience, and psychological resilience, were further assessed for psychological resilience at T2 and T3. Polynomial regression (PR) and response surface analysis (RSA) were used to analyze the data. At all time points, and in the case of agreement between social support and family resilience, the combined effect of both variables manifested as a positive linear association with psychological resilience. Instead, at baseline, and in case of disagreement, the same combined effect manifested as a negative linear relationship related to psychological resilience. The findings highlighted the importance of considering the conjoint influence of social support and family resilience when developing interventions to improve the psychological resilience of people receiving MHD.
Fully robotic side‐to‐side stapled anastomosis provides less anastomotic leakage than conventional minimally invasive approach in Ivor Lewis esophagectomy
Authors: Kanamori Jun , Watanabe Masayuki , Maruyama Suguru , Kanie Yasukazu , Kuriyama Kengo , Terayama Masayoshi , Takahashi Naoki , Tamura Masahiro , Okamura Akihiko , Imamura Yu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionThis study evaluates surgical outcomes of minimally invasive Ivor Lewis esophagectomy (ILE) for esophageal and esophagogastric cancer, with the comparison of the robotic approach (RA) and the conventional minimally invasive approach (CA).MethodsSelected patients who underwent minimally invasive ILE for esophageal cancer were included between January 2017 and December 2023. We retrospectively investigated the patients' background characteristics and the short‐term surgical outcomes.ResultsIn this period, among a total of 840 esophagectomies, 81 patients (9.6%) underwent minimally invasive ILE, consisting of 24 cases with RA and 57 with CA. The major indications for ILE were adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus or esophagogastric junction and patients with prior head and neck cancer treatment. Among these thoracic approaches, there were no significant differences in the patients' indications and characteristics, including age, histology, tumor location, clinical TNM stage, and preoperative therapy. Compared with the CA group, no anastomotic leakage was observed in the RA group (17.5% vs. 0, p = .035). Rates of total postoperative complications and length of hospital stay also tended to be reduced in the RA group but did not reach significance.ConclusionIn the Ivor Lewis esophagectomy with a side‐to‐side linear‐stapled anastomosis, the fully robotic approach has the potential to powerfully reduce anastomotic leakage compared to the conventional minimally invasive approach.
Agro‐industrial by‐products as ruminant feed: Nutritive value and in vitro rumen fermentation evaluation
Authors: Ahmed Eslam , Gaafar Abeer , Nishida Takehiro 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn recent years, agricultural by‐products have generated increasing interest as ruminant feed. In a completely randomized design with five experimental treatments, this in vitro study investigated the nutritional value of citrus pulp and onion peel as alternative feed for ruminants and their effects on rumen fermentation, digestibility, and gas production. The first group was the control (50% grass hay/50% concentrate mixture). The other four treatments represented citrus pulp and onion peel at inclusion levels of 10 and 20%, replacing the expensive, high‐quality feed ingredients such as the concentrate mixture. The chemical composition showed that citrus pulp is an energy‐rich material that could be included up to 20% to replace part of the concentrate in a mixed diet without any adverse impacts on rumen fermentation parameters. The onion peels were rich in fiber and minerals. Their inclusion in the diet of over 10% had detrimental effects on rumen fermentation. The inclusion of either citrus pulp or onion peel in the diet did not have the potential to reduce enteric methane production. In conclusion, citrus pulp showed promising results as a new feed for ruminants. It was effective when included in up to 20% of a ruminant diet, replacing the concentrate mixture.
A novel marine‐derived mitophagy inducer ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction and thermal hypersensitivity in paclitaxel‐induced peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Im Sangwoo , Jeong Dae Jin , Kim Eunmi , Choi Jae‐Hyeong , Jang Hye‐Ji , Kim Young Yeon , Um Jee‐Hyun , Lee Jihoon , Lee Yeon‐Ju , Lee Kang‐Min , Choi Dabin , Yoo Eunhee , Lee Hyi‐Seung , Yun Jeanho 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeMitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis and maintenance of chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), a significant limitation of cancer chemotherapy. Recently, the stimulation of mitophagy, a pivotal process for mitochondrial homeostasis, has emerged as a promising treatment strategy for neurodegenerative diseases, but its therapeutic effect on CIPN has not been explored. Here, we assessed the mitophagy‐inducing activity of 3,5‐dibromo‐2‐(2′,4′‐dibromophenoxy)‐phenol (PDE701), a diphenyl ether derivative isolated from the marine sponge Dysidea sp., and investigated its therapeutic effect on a CIPN model.Experimental ApproachMitophagy activity was determined by a previously established mitophagy assay using mitochondrial Keima (mt‐Keima). Mitophagy induction was further verified by western blotting, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy. Mitochondrial dysfunction was analysed by measuring mitochondrial superoxide levels in SH‐SY5Y cells and Drosophila larvae. A thermal nociception assay was used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of PDE701 on the paclitaxel‐induced thermal hyperalgesia phenotype in Drosophila larvae.Key ResultsPDE701 specifically induced mitophagy but was not toxic to mitochondria. PDE701 ameliorated paclitaxel‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction in both SH‐SY5Y cells and Drosophila larvae. Importantly, PDE701 also significantly ameliorated paclitaxel‐induced thermal hyperalgesia in Drosophila larvae. Knockdown of ATG5 or ATG7 abolished the effect of PDE701 on thermal hyperalgesia, suggesting that PDE701 exerts its therapeutic effect through mitophagy induction.Conclusion and ImplicationsThis study identified PDE701 as a novel mitophagy inducer and a potential therapeutic compound for CIPN. Our results suggest that mitophagy stimulation is a promising strategy for the treatment of CIPN and that marine organisms are a potential source of mitophagy‐inducing compounds.
Myc upregulates Ggct, γ‐glutamylcyclotransferase to promote development of p53‐deficient osteosarcoma
Authors: Ueno Tomoya , Otani Shohei , Date Yuki , Katsuma Yu , Nagayoshi Yuma , Ito Tomoko , Ii Hiromi , Kageyama Susumu , Nakata Susumu , Ito Kosei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) in humans is characterized by alterations in the TP53 gene. In mice, loss of p53 triggers OS development, for which c‐Myc (Myc) oncogenicity is indispensable. However, little is known about which genes are targeted by Myc to promote tumorigenesis. Here, we examined the role of γ‐glutamylcyclotransferase (Ggct) which is a component enzyme of the γ‐glutamyl cycle essential for glutathione homeostasis, in human and mouse OS development. We found that GGCT is a poor prognostic factor for human OS, and that deletion of Ggct suppresses p53‐deficient osteosarcomagenesis in mice. Myc upregulates Ggct directly by binding to the Ggct promoter, and deletion of a Myc binding site therein by genome editing attenuated the tumorigenic potential of p53‐deficient OS cells. Taken together, these results show a rationale that GGCT is widely upregulated in cancer cells and solidify its suitability as a target for anticancer drugs.
RECK/GPR124‐driven WNT signaling in pancreatic and gastric cancer cells
Authors: Yu Hai , Kohno Susumu , Voon Dominic Chih‐Cheng , Hussein Nada Hamdy , Zhang Yuanyuan , Nakayama Joji , Takegami Yujiro , Takahashi Chiaki 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRECK has been described to modulate extracellular matrix components through negative regulation of MMP activities. Recently, RECK was demonstrated to bind to an orphan G protein‐coupled receptor GPR124 to mediate WNT7 signaling in nontumor contexts. Here, we attempted to clarify the role of RECK in driving WNT signaling in cancer cells. RECK and GPR124 formed a complex in 293T cells, and when both were expressed, WNT signaling was significantly enhanced in a WNT7‐dependent manner. This cooperation was abolished when RECK mutants unable to bind to GPR124 were transduced. RECK stimulated the growth of KRAS‐mutated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells with increased sensitivity to WNT inhibitor in a GPR124‐dependent manner. A gastric cancer cell line SH10TC endogenously expresses both RECK and GPR124 under regular culture conditions. In this cell line, inhibited cell growth and WNT signaling as well as increased apoptosis in the GPR124 depletion was dominantly found over those in the RECK deletion. These findings suggest that RECK promotes tumor cell growth by positively modulating WNT signaling through GPR124. This study proposes that the RECK/GPR124 complex might be a good therapeutic target in PDAC and gastric cancer.
Children and adolescents rectify unequal allocations of leadership duties in the classroom
Authors: Killen Melanie , Burkholder Amanda R. , Brey Elizabeth , Cooper Dylan , Pauker Kristin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLittle is known about how children and adolescents evaluate unequal teacher allocations of leadership duties based on ethnicity‐race and gender in the classroom. U.S. boys and girls, White (40.7%), Multiracial (18.5%), Black/African American (16.0%), Latine (14.2%), Asian (5.5%), Pacific Islander (0.4%), and other (4.7%) ethnic‐racial backgrounds, 8–14 years, N = 275, evaluated teacher allocations of high‐status leadership positions favoring specific ethnic‐racial or gender groups during 2018–2021. Adolescents, more than children, negatively evaluated unequal teacher allocations of leadership duties that resulted in group‐based inequalities, expected peers who shared the identity of a group disadvantaged by the teacher's allocation to view it more negatively than others, and rectified inequalities. Understanding perceptions of teacher‐based bias provides an opportunity for interventions designed to create fair and just classrooms that motivate all students to achieve.
BSACI guidance for the implementation of Palforzia® peanut oral immunotherapy in the United Kingdom: A Delphi consensus study
Authors: Marrs Tom , Patel Nandinee , Burrell Sarah , Rampersad Anjali , Minshall Eleanor , Leech Susan , Chandratilleke Dinusha , Dempsey Justine , Ludman Sian , Roberts Graham , Michaelis Louise Jane , Brough Helen A. , Karanam Surendra , Batt Rebecca , Moulsdale Phoebe , Steifel Gary , Tiwana Kiran , Smith Helen , Knight Katherine , Vazquez‐Ortiz Marta , Vyas Deepan , Turner Paul J. , Makwana Nick 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundPalforzia® enables the safe and effective desensitisation of children with peanut allergy. The treatment pathway requires multiple visits for dose escalation, up‐dosing, monitoring of patients taking maintenance therapy and conversion onto daily real‐world peanut consumption. The demand for peanut immunotherapy outstrips current National Health Service (NHS) capacity and requires services to develop a national consensus on how best to offer Palforzia® in a safe and equitable manner. We undertook a Delphi consensus exercise to determine guidance statements for the implementation of Palforzia®‐based immunotherapy in the NHS.MethodsWe undertook focus groups with children and young people who had received peanut immunotherapy to assess what was important for them and their carers. Common themes from patients formed the basis of creating draft statements. A panel of 18 multi‐disciplinary professionals engaged in two rounds of anonymised voting to adapt the statements and score their importance. A final consensus workshop consolidated any variation in comments and scores to develop the final guidance statements.ResultsThe panel achieved consensus on 91% (29/32) of guidance statements, demonstrating strong consensus around pragmatic principles for assuring the integrity of consent, safety and conversion from Palforzia® to real‐world peanut products. The greatest amount of feedback was generated from three broad issues; (i) whether eligibility assessment should include compulsory peanut challenges and whether these should be designed to assess the threshold at which patients react to peanut, (ii) the governance processes to best ensure that patients' interests are prioritised and (iii) how to safely transition young people to other services, or discharge them, while they are taking daily peanut.ConclusionsThis consensus highlights the urgent need for the NHS to increase capacity for undertaking diagnostic food challenges as well as developing Palforzia® immunotherapy pathways. The voting panel agreed that families of peanut allergic children should be made aware of immunotherapy, that eligibility assessment should include how co‐morbid conditions are managed and that services should monitor for adverse effects. The finalised statements are now published online for clinical practice in the UK. These guidance statements will be adapted in the coming years as more evidence is published and as the international experience of peanut immunotherapy evolves.