bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suppression of intragenic transcription requires the MOT1 and NC2 regulators of TATA-binding protein
Authors: Koster Maria J. E. , Yildirim Asli D. , Weil P. Anthony , Holstege Frank C. P. , Timmers H. Th. Marc 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Chromatin structure in transcribed regions poses a barrier for intragenic transcription. In a comprehensive study of the yeast chromatin remodelers and the Mot1p-NC2 regulators of TATA-binding protein (TBP), we detected synthetic genetic interactions indicative of suppression of intragenic transcription. Conditional depletion of Mot1p or NC2 in absence of the ISW1 remodeler, but not in the absence of other chromatin remodelers, activated the cryptic FLO8 promoter. Likewise, conditional depletion of Mot1p or NC2 in deletion backgrounds of the H3K36 methyltransferase Set2p or the Asf1p-Rtt106p histone H3-H4 chaperones, important factors involved in maintaining a repressive chromatin environment, resulted in increased intragenic FLO8 transcripts. Activity of the cryptic FLO8 promoter is associated with reduced H3 levels, increased TBP binding and tri-methylation of H3K4 and is independent of Spt-Ada-Gcn5-acetyltransferase function. These data reveal cooperation of negative regulation of TBP with specific chromatin regulators to inhibit intragenic transcription.
Androgen receptor uses relaxed response element stringency for selective chromatin binding and transcriptional regulation in vivo
Authors: Sahu Biswajyoti , Pihlajamaa Päivi , Dubois Vanessa , Kerkhofs Stefanie , Claessens Frank , Jänne Olli A. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The DNA-binding domains (DBDs) of class I steroid receptors—androgen, glucocorticoid, progesterone and mineralocorticoid receptors—recognize a similar cis-element, an inverted repeat of 5′-AGAACA-3′ with a 3-nt spacer. However, these receptors regulate transcription programs that are largely receptor-specific. To address the role of the DBD in and of itself in ensuring specificity of androgen receptor (AR) binding to chromatin in vivo, we used SPARKI knock-in mice whose AR DBD has the second zinc finger replaced by that of the glucocorticoid receptor. Comparison of AR-binding events in epididymides and prostates of wild-type (wt) and SPARKI mice revealed that AR achieves selective chromatin binding through a less stringent sequence requirement for the 3′-hexamer. In particular, a T at position 12 in the second hexamer is dispensable for wt AR but mandatory for SPARKI AR binding, and only a G at position 11 is highly conserved among wt AR-preferred response elements. Genome-wide AR-binding events agree with the respective transcriptome profiles, in that attenuated AR binding in SPARKI mouse epididymis correlates with blunted androgen response in vivo. Collectively, AR-selective actions in vivo rely on relaxed rather than increased stringency of cis-elements on chromatin. These elements are, in turn, poorly recognized by other class I steroid receptors.
Chromosome positioning from activity-based segregation
Authors: Ganai Nirmalendu , Sengupta Surajit , Menon Gautam I. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Chromosomes within eukaryotic cell nuclei at interphase are not positioned at random, since gene-rich chromosomes are predominantly found towards the interior of the cell nucleus across a number of cell types. The physical mechanisms that could drive and maintain the spatial segregation of chromosomes based on gene density are unknown. Here, we identify a mechanism for such segregation, showing that the territorial organization of chromosomes, another central feature of nuclear organization, emerges naturally from our model. Our computer simulations indicate that gene density-dependent radial segregation of chromosomes arises as a robust consequence of differences in non-equilibrium activity across chromosomes. Arguing that such differences originate in the inhomogeneous distribution of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling and transcription machinery on each chromosome, we show that a variety of non-random positional distributions emerge through the interplay of such activity, nuclear shape and specific interactions of chromosomes with the nuclear envelope. Results from our model are in reasonable agreement with experimental data and we make a number of predictions that can be tested in experiments.
Good Agreement Between Endoscopic Findings and Biopsy Reports Supports Limited Tissue Sampling During Pediatric Colonoscopy
Authors: Manfredi Michael A. , Jiang Hongyu , Borges Lawrence F. , Deutsch Amanda J. , Goldsmith Jeffrey D. , Lightdale Jenifer R. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTObjectives:Colonoscopy in children routinely includes the practice of obtaining multiple biopsy samples even in the absence of gross mucosal abnormalities. The aim of our investigation was to examine the level of agreement between endoscopic and histological findings during pediatric colonoscopy. We also investigated the predictors of agreement and abnormal histology.Methods:We performed an institutionally approved retrospective review of consecutive patients who underwent diagnostic colonoscopy during a 6‐month period. Descriptive analyses and regression models were used to determine agreement rates, as well as potential predictors of both agreement and abnormal histology.Results:Of 390 included colonoscopies, endoscopists (n = 26) reported abnormal gross findings in 218 (56%) and pathologists (n = 4) found histopathology in 195 (50%). Considering histology as the criterion standard, endoscopy had a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 78%. Reports of grossly normal endoscopic findings were highly associated with agreement (odds ratio [OR] 1.9, P = 0.001). A known diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease was a strong predictor of abnormal histology (OR 6.4, P < 0.0001). Abdominal pain as a procedural indication was a strong predictor for normal histology (OR 0.4, P < 0.0001).Conclusions:The results of our study suggest good agreement between endoscopic and histological findings, especially when an endoscopist reports normal‐appearing colonic mucosa. We identified predictors of abnormal histology to include known inflammatory bowel disease, whereas abdominal pain was found to be a negative predictor. Future studies are needed to determine evidence‐based protocols for obtaining biopsies during colonoscopy in children.
A two‐way approach of congruent behavior between leaders and staff in the employeeship concept
Authors: Bertlett Johan , Johansson Curt R. , Arvidsson Marcus , Jern Stefan 
Published: January 2014

PurposeThe authors have developed the Leadership‐Employeeship‐Relationship Model and a questionnaire following their conceptualization of the employeeship concept. It is possible to separately study leadership, peer employee, and interactive leader‐follower behaviors. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between the conceptualization and operationalization, as well as between the model and psychological climate.Design/methodology/approachIn total, four organizations operating at an airport participated. The quantitative approach involved data gathered from expected leadership and employee behaviors and psychological climate attitude questionnaires. The leadership and peer employee variables are separately based on the leadership and employeeship questionnaires, whereas the leader‐follower variable is based on the results of both questionnaires. All analyses were made on the variable level.FindingsThe results show that expected leadership, peer employee, and congruent leader‐follower behaviors all have a positive correlation with psychological climate. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that congruent leader‐follower behavior had augmented value to leadership behavior and its relationship to psychological climate.Practical implicationsCongruent leader‐follower behavior plays an important role in the overall improvement of psychological climate. Steps toward congruent behavior are to allow followers to participate in leadership development and that the issue of shared responsibilities and authority is best managed in collaboration between management and staff.Originality/valueThe paper is the first to demonstrate empirically the relation between the interactive leader‐follower employeeship perspective based on the expected behaviors of both leaders and followers and psychological climate.
Transformational and passive avoidant leadership as determinants of absenteeism
Authors: Frooman Jeff , Mendelson Morris B. , Kevin Murphy J. 
Published: January 2014

PurposeDoes leadership style affect absenteeism in a company? The purpose of this paper is to contrast the effects of two leadership styles – transformational and passive avoidant – on absenteeism, both legitimate and illegitimate, as mediated by job satisfaction.Design/methodology/approachA self‐report questionnaire was completed by a sample of 120 employees of a national mail delivery company. Hierarchical regressions were used to analyze the data.FindingsIt was found that transformational leadership decreases illegitimate absenteeism, while passive avoidant leadership increases it. In regard to legitimate absenteeism, transformational leadership is shown to have no effect, while passive avoidant leadership is shown to be negatively related to it. Together, the findings regarding passive avoidant leaders suggest their subordinates tend to come to work when ill (presenteeism), but stay away from work when well (illegitimate absenteeism).Practical implicationsFor managers trying to reduce the costs of absenteeism, this suggests that leadership style can make a difference. Managers who give subordinates very little attention, or attention only when they have done something wrong – the passive avoidant style – are likely to experience the higher costs of both absenteeism and presenteeism. Adopting the transformational style may help to reduce these costs.Originality/valueThe paper helps to extend the current work on leadership; it examines the passive avoidant style, which remains understudied to date; and it enriches our understanding of the relationship between leadership style and absenteeism as an outcome variable by moving beyond a uni‐dimensional conceptualization of absenteeism. Finally, it serves as a basis for future research by providing evidence for a somewhat counter‐intuitive finding that, under passive avoidant leaders, workers appear to come to work when sick, but stay away from work when well.
Clockspeed effectiveness of lead users and product experts
Authors: Tsinopoulos Christos , Al‐Zu'bi Zu'bi 
Published: January 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of collaboration with lead users (users that experience needs unknown to the public and therefore can innovate by finding solutions to those needs) and product experts (external new product development collaborators who have a commercial interest in the development of a new product) on the clockspeed of the development of new products and to determine which of the two has a higher impact.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data were collected from 421 European manufacturers, and analysed using hierarchical regression analyses.FindingsBoth lead users and product experts were found to have a positive and statistically significant impact on new product development speed. Also, collaboration with lead users will lead to greater new product development speed than with product experts.Research limitations/implicationsWhen knowledgeable individuals are involved in the new product development process as lead users, they have a better impact on new product development speed than when they are involved as product experts. This is a single informant study that makes use of perceptual measures. Although several steps have been taken to minimise any risk of systematic bias, its potential effect cannot be eliminated.Practical implicationsThe results have two main implications for manufacturers. First, collaboration with lead users and product experts during the new product development process will help to improve the speed of development, and hence the speed to market. Second, collaboration with lead users will have a greater impact, particularly when undertaken informally, as formal integration may lead to a weakening of lead users' innovative abilities.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the growing literature, which explores how innovators found outside an organisation can be used to enhance the innovative ability of that organisation. The value of this work is that it identifies and empirically compares the impact of lead users and product experts on new product development speed.
Adoption of smart TVs: a Bayesian network approach
Authors: Bae Youngim , Chang Hyunjoon 
Published: January 2014

PurposeThis study aims to identify factors that determine the smart TV buying decisions of users and analyze the relationships among the factors by using Bayesian network approach.Design/methodology/approachThis study investigates smart TV users' perception based on innovation diffusion theory (IDT) which includes five innovation attributes: relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, and observability. The authors employ Bayesian network to identify causal relationship among the innovation attributes and analyze the sensitivity of the intentions to changes in factors.FindingsThe results show that relative advantage has the greatest influence on the purchase intention of smart TV, followed by compatibility, entertainment, web‐browsing and n‐screen.Research limitations/implicationsThe reliability of the results is limited as the survey is not carried out on a large number of samples. The study, however, suggests a future direction for smart TV in consumers' point of view.Practical implicationsAccording to the findings, companies should focus on enhancing relative advantage, rather than other attributes and entertainment service, to encourage the adoption of smart TV.Originality/valueSmart TV is an evolving technology in the phase of market introduction. The definition and characteristics of smart TV are still uncertain. The previous literatures, however, were focused on the contents of smart TV and service, restructuring of broadcasting industry, and changes in the competitive landscape. The consumers have not been discussed in detail yet. This paper's contributions are twofold: first, it identifies important attributes for the adoption of smart TV in consumers' intention; second, it suggests a new methodology of Bayesian network in determining consumer buying factors.
Influence of resource‐based capability and inter‐organizational coordination on SCM
Authors: Tan Keah‐Choon , Cross James 
Published: January 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate which firm‐level antecedent – resource‐based capability or inter‐organizational coordination – contributes to a firm's supply chain management (SCM) focus.Design/methodology/approachA conceptual framework of antecedents of SCM focus and several research hypotheses posit that for a thorough understanding of the behavior of an organization in the supply chain, it is necessary to consider two sets of antecedents simultaneously. Hypotheses are tested using confirmatory factor analysis and multiple linear regression on a set of survey data collected in the USA, Europe and New Zealand.FindingsThe analysis of survey data validates the major premise that inter‐organizational coordination plays an important role in explaining the SCM focus of a firm. Research results validate the positive relationships between the proposed antecedents and a firm's SCM focus.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the research design incorporates extensive literature reviews, it does not capture every aspect of complex inter‐organizational coordination. Future efforts should establish a valid, reliable instrument to measure the underlying constructs.Practical implicationsThis study shows that a firm possesses inimitable internal resource‐based capabilities and external coordination mechanisms that are unique to each firm. Each of the resource‐based capabilities helps to integrate the various internal functional areas within an organization to increase efficiency and reduce waste. The external coordination mechanisms help a firm to link its processes seamlessly with upstream and downstream supply chain members. The paper also shows that product innovation is the only resourced‐based capability that predicts SCM focus when inter‐organizational coordination mechanisms are considered.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the extant literature by integrating the traditional resource‐based view of a firm with inter‐organizational coordination to examine crucial factors that precede a firm's SCM focus. Both perspectives have considerable merit, so for a thorough understanding of a firm's SCM focus, it is necessary to consider these factors simultaneously.
ERP use and value: Portuguese and Spanish SMEs
Authors: Ruivo Pedro , Oliveira Tiago , Neto Miguel 
Published: January 2014

PurposeConsistent with the diffusion of innovation (DOI) model and resource‐based view (RBV) theory, the purpose of this paper is to develop a research model for measuring enterprise resource planning (ERP) post‐adoption and its consequence on small and medium enterprise (SME) performance.Design/methodology/approachThe model links six determinants based on DOI to explain “ERP use” and three on RBV to explain the “ERP value”, on which nine hypotheses are postulated. Testing was conducted through structural equation modelling, utilizing data from 558 web‐surveyed firms in Portugal and Spain.FindingsFull sample analysis finds that competitive pressure, training, best‐practices, compatibility, and efficiency are important antecedents of “ERP use”. Together with usage, collaboration and analytics capabilities contribute to “ERP value”. Cross‐country analysis reveals that complexity is an important inhibitor for “ERP use” in Portuguese firms whereas it is a facilitator for Spanish firms. In addition, while for Portuguese firms, compatibility and efficiency are significant, they are not for Spanish firms. For “ERP value”, while use and collaboration are more important for Portuguese firms, analytics is more important for Spanish.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper provides insight into how SMEs use and value ERP; however, the authors cannot speak empirically on the issue of whether value is sustained, or on maturity stages, or on the impact of different industries.Originality/valueThe paper describes the first empirical research study on Iberian SMEs, thus adding a cross‐country dimension to the innovation diffusion literature. Unlike the typical focus on ERP adoption found in the literature, this paper focuses on post‐adoption stages, linking usage with value.
Knowledge market in organizations: incentive alignment and IT support
Authors: Zhang Zuopeng (Justin) , Jasimuddin Sajjad M. 
Published: January 2014

PurposeKnowledge market has become an important issue of knowledge management. The purpose of this paper is to study the design of an internal knowledge market for enabling knowledge transfer within an organization.Design/methodology/approachThe knowledge market is modeled as a pull market, where buyers post and price their questions to elicit answers from potential sellers. Designing and offering different incentives and information technology (IT) support to knowledge workers with heterogeneous knowledge levels, a firm maintains the efficiency of the market and maximizes the organizational benefit from knowledge transfer.FindingsThe authors identify two payment policies, a priori and a posteriori, and two market‐regulating mechanisms, Locking and Open mechanisms. The optimal designs of incentive contracts and IT support are fully demonstrated for the a priori policy and Locking mechanism. The benefits of the market for knowledge transfer are illustrated from three aspects: transaction price as sharing reward; market as payment platform; and IT as transaction facilitator.Originality/valueThe paper provides valuable insights for practitioners to effectively manage knowledge assets within markets.
Patterns of B2B e‐commerce usage in SMEs
Authors: Sila Ismail , Dobni Dawn 
Published: January 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the B2B e‐commerce (B2BEC) usage patterns of North American small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) in their supply chains, the contextual factors that influence usage patterns, and the subsequent effects of these patterns on firm performance.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted an online survey of North American SMEs and obtained 229 responses. They utilized several statistical methods, including cluster analysis and profile analysis, to test five hypotheses.FindingsThe TOE framework, supplemented with interorganizational factors, provides a valid theoretical guideline to study firms' B2BEC usage patterns. Three distinct types of B2BEC usage patterns – E‐Limiteds, E‐Leaders, and E‐Laggards – emerged. Different sets of contextual factors contribute to the formation of these three patterns of B2BEC adoption. Higher levels of B2BEC usage result in stronger firm performance.Research limitations/implicationsFuture clustering variables could be more specific. The effects of other potential contextual factors should also be explored by future studies. This study can be replicated in other countries to determine whether the findings can be generalized.Practical implicationsIn light of the potential performance improvements that B2BEC adoption offers, managers should assess the risks associated with maintaining their current speed of e‐business deployment versus the risks associated with escalating it. Organizations that have been more reactive should consider how well or ill their sluggish approach prepares them for navigating the inevitability of increasing sophistication in supply chain management.Originality/valueLimited empirical research exists on the B2BEC usage patterns of North American SMEs, the contextual factors that motivate them to adopt different B2BEC technologies in their supply chains, and how each of these usage patterns affects their performance. The current study contributes to the literature by shedding light on these issues.
Legal aspects of e‐books and interlibrary loan
Authors: Müller Harald 
Published: January 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the laws and legal concepts that form the basis for library book lending and how those concepts do or do not apply in the e‐book environment.Design/methodology/approachThe author surveys relevant legal concepts as defined by international copyright treaties and regulations, and conducts a comparative analysis of how these concepts have been applied in the legal systems of Germany, the USA, and Canada.FindingsThe idea of “lending” books is a carryover from the analogue world and applies only to the distribution of tangible objects, i.e. printed books. The legal concept of “reproduction” more accurately applies to the transfer of e‐books from library to user.Originality/valueLibraries must lobby their legislatures to create new legal instruments that will enable libraries to provide e‐book access to their users.