bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffusion of radiodense contrast medium after a mid‐pastern ring block
Authors: Malton R. , Nagy A. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryDiffusion of local anaesthetic solution after a mid‐pastern ring block has not previously been investigated. The aim of this study was to demonstrate potential distribution of local anaesthetic solution following injection of radiodense contrast medium as performed for a mid‐pastern ring block. Twelve mature horses were used and 1.5 ml radiodense contrast medium injected over the medial or lateral palmar digital nerve at the level of the proximal aspect of the ungular cartilages. A dorsal ring block was performed on the ipsilateral side, 1.5 cm proximal to the palpable palmar aspect of the proximal eminence of the middle phalanx, using 2 or 5 ml contrast medium. Both forelimbs were injected on 2 days (48 injections). Four standard radiographic views of the pastern were obtained immediately, 10 and 20 min after injections. Images were analysed subjectively and objectively. After dorsal injections, the contrast medium was distributed in a diffuse patch over the ipsilateral half of the proximal phalanx (P1), extending proximally over the half of the length of P1 in all limbs (greatest proximal extension: 89.0% of the length of P1 [from distal] after 2 ml, 94.2% after 5 ml). There was significant proximal diffusion in the first 10 min after injection and significant dorsal diffusion between all time points (P<0.01). There was significant positive association between injected volume and the proximal extension of the dorsal contrast patch (P = 0.01). The median dorsal diffusion was to the dorsal midline of P1; 5 ml contrast medium resulted in significantly greater dorsal diffusion than 2 ml (P<0.01). The dorsal and palmar contrast patches did not merge. In conclusion, diffusion to the proximal aspect of P1 following a mid‐pastern ring block may occur even if only 2 ml of local anaesthetic solution is used.
Migraine headache and risk of self‐harm and suicide: A population‐based study in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Colman Ian , Kingsbury Mila , Sareen Jitender , Bolton James , van Walraven Carl 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundMigraine has been associated with mental illness, and may also be associated with increased risk of suicidal behavior.ObjectiveThe aim of this article was to examine the association between migraine headache and self‐harm and suicide mortality using population‐based health administrative data from Ontario, Canada.MethodsThe sample included 101,114 participants in a population‐based health survey in the province of Ontario, Canada, who responded to the survey in 2003, 2005, or 2007, and provided health card numbers for linkage to population‐based health administrative data. Participants self‐reported a physician diagnosis of migraine headache. Heath administrative data were used to calculate (1) Follow‐up time until first presentation to the emergency department for intentional self‐harm; (2) Follow‐up time until death by suicide. Proportional subdistribution hazards regression was used to compare time until death among those with and without history of migraine, after accounting for competing risks of death and adjusting for confounders.ResultsPhysician diagnosis of migraine was reported by 11.2% of the sample (11,314 individuals). Mean follow‐up time was 7.3 years. Emergency department visits for self‐harm during the follow‐up period were almost 50% more likely in those with migraine (76.4 vs 35.7 per 100,000 person years; adjusted hazard ratio = 1.48; 95%CI: 1.11,1.96). Death by suicide was rare with only 55 suicides in the follow‐up period (7.45 per 100,000 person‐years). Risk of suicide was similar for both those with and without history of migraine headache (adjusted hazard ratio=0.60; 95%CI: 0.22,1.65).ConclusionsPhysician diagnosis of migraine headache was found to be prospectively associated with increased risk of deliberate self‐harm, but there was no evidence linking it to suicide mortality. Definitively linking migraine to death by suicide may require very large samples. Health care professionals should consider monitoring suicidal risk in individuals with migraine headache.
XRCC1 rs25487 genetic variant and TP53 mutation at codon 249 predict clinical outcomes of hepatitis B virus‐related hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy: A cohort study for 10 years’ follow up
Authors: Yu Long , Liu Xiaoguang , Han Chuangye , Lu Sichong , Zhu Guangzhi , Su Hao , Qi Wei , Liao Xiwen , Peng Tao 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimTo investigate the effects of rs25487 (the DNA repair gene: x‐ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese hamster cells 1 [XRCC1]) and codon 249 mutation (TP53 gene) on clinical outcomes of post‐hepatectomy hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related HCC.MethodsThe XRCC1 rs25487 polymorphism and TP53 mutation at codon 249 of 485 hepatitis B surface antigen positive patients subjected to hepatectomy were genotyped via direct sequencing. SPSS software version 16.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA) was used to calculate survival of HCC patients according to primary end‐points.ResultsThe presence of at least one A allele (AA/AG) of rs25487 was associated with unfavorable prognosis (P = 0.005). Moreover, A allele (AA/AG) carriers were significantly associated with high risk of vascular invasion (P = 0.025) and regional invasion (P = 0.005). Differences were not significant between mutant and wild‐type TP53 cases with overall survival (adjusted P = 0.400). Among the 485 participants, patients (n = 73) carrying both the A allele (AA/AG) of rs25487 and 249Ser TP53 mutation displayed decreased overall survival, compared with patients (n = 184) with the GG genotype of rs25487 and wild‐type codon 249 (adjusted P = 0.007).ConclusionPolymorphisms of rs25487 may play a potential role in survival of HBV‐related hepatocellular carcinoma patients following hepatectomy. While mutation at codon 249 of TP53 is not associated with HBV‐related HCC survival in this study.
The diagnostic challenge of mapping elephantiasis in the Tigray region of northern Ethiopia
Authors: Padovese Valeska , Marrone Rosalia , Dassoni Federica , Vignally Pascal , Barnabas Gebre A. , Morrone Aldo 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundIn Ethiopia, lymphatic filariasis and podoconiosis are the two neglected tropical diseases planned to be mapped together within the recently launched Ethiopian neglected tropical diseases master plan (2013–2015). However, other disorders cause tropical lymphedema, and this report aims to identify clinical epidemiological aspects of limb swelling in northern Ethiopia and to provide an algorithm orienting the clinical diagnosis.MethodsMedical records of patients with lower limb elephantiasis attending the Italian Dermatological Centre of Mekele, Tigray capital city, over a 4‐year period (2005–2009) were retrospectively analyzed. Nine variables were collected from the charts comprising demographic data, job, origin, literacy, clinical, histopathologic, microscopic, and cultural findings.ResultsOver a total of 511 patients, lymphedema resulted from trauma (40.7%), chronic venous insufficiency (12.5%), deep mycoses (10.8%), lymphatic filariasis (9.2%), elephantiasis nostras verrucosa (7.0%), tropical ulcer (6.3%), leprosy (4.9%), recurrent infections (3.1%), podoconiosis (1.8%), tuberculosis (1.0%), malignancy (1.3%), Kaposi's sarcoma (1.0%), leishmaniasis (0.2%), and neurofibromatosis (0.2%).ConclusionsAdvanced‐stage elephantiasis, chronic osteomyelitis, and podoconiosis not previously reported in Tigray were observed. Further epidemiological investigation and training programs addressed to healthcare providers at the peripheral level are needed to detect elephantiasis early, prevent disabilities, and improve patients' quality of life.
Psoriasis in elderly patients in the Côte d'Ivoire: socio‐demographic, clinical, and therapeutic aspects, and follow‐up
Authors: Kassi Komenan , Djeha Djokouehi , Gbery Ildevert P. , Kouame Kanga , Sangaré Abdoulaye 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory, and recurrent dermatological disease. In the Côte d'Ivoire, it is about 0.75% of dermatology cases. Psoriasis care is challenging in elderly patients. We aimed to show its specificities related to the sociodemographic, clinical, and therapeutic aspects, and follow‐up in geriatric patients.MethodsCross‐sectional and descriptive study over a period of 10 years (January 2004–December 2013).ResultsThe prevalence of patients 60 years of age and older was about 0.1% (47 of 46,623 cases). The average age was 67 ± 1 years ranging from 60 to 85 years. The sex ratio was 1 : 9 in favor of men. The average time course of psoriasis was 25 ± 2 months. Comorbidity was found in 27 cases (57.5%). The most observed type of psoriasis in our study was chronic plaque psoriasis in 51.1% of cases. We found severe cases of psoriasis in 25.5% of cases. More than 10% of the body surface area was affected in 27.6% of cases. We used topical treatments in the majority of cases (83%). The course of psoriasis under treatment was good in 63.8% of cases, and only 6.4% of cases were worsening.ConclusionTopical agents could be the first‐line treatment in geriatric patients in poor countries. If necessary, systemic agents should be used by taking into account the severity of psoriasis, presence of comorbidity factors, immune system level, and lifestyle.
Physico chemical, microstructural and sensory characteristics of low‐fat meat emulsion containing aloe gel as potential fat replacer
Authors: Kumar Yogesh , Kairam Narsaiah , Ahmad Tanbir , Yadav Deep N. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryIn this study, a possible use of aloe gel (AG) as a potential fat replacer in the manufacture of low‐fat meat emulsion was investigated. The low‐fat meat emulsions with added AG and vegetable oil (VO) in different proportions [AG7.5 (7.5% AG + 7.5% VO); AG5 (5% AG + 10% VO); AG2.5 (2.5% AG + 12.5% VO)] were compared with full‐fat meat emulsion [Control (15% VO only)]. A substantial fat reduction (P < 0.05) up to 50% as compared to full‐fat control meat emulsion was recorded without compromising other sensory attributes of meat emulsion. Microstructural properties as studied by scanning electron microscopy indicated more homogenous regular emulsion matrix with fewer cracks and more regular shaped oil droplets in AG‐added samples than the control samples.
Effects of fat replacement with a mixture of collagen and dietary fibre on small calibre fermented sausages
Authors: Ham Youn‐Kyung , Hwang Ko‐Eun , Kim Hyun‐Wook , Song Dong‐Heon , Kim Yong‐Jae , Choi Yun‐Sang , Kim Cheon‐Jei 
Published: October 2015

SummaryEffects of fat replacement on physicochemical, microbial and sensory properties of fermented sausages were determined after drying process and 4 weeks of storage. Fermented sausages were formulated with 20% pork back fat (control), and three reduced‐fat treatments were prepared by replacing 25%, 50%, and 75% of fat with a mixture of collagen, dietary fibre and ice (1:1:8). TBARS values of reduced‐fat treatments were significantly lower compared with control after drying (P ≤ 0.05). As fat replacing ratio increased, fat content decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.05), whereas moisture, protein and ash content increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05). There was no marked difference between the treatments in terms of microbial analysis, sensory colour, flavour, off‐flavour or overall acceptability (P > 0.05) during refrigerated storage. Therefore, replacing pork back fat with a mixture of collagen and dietary fibre in fermented sausages may contribute to reduce lipid oxidation and maintain sensory properties during storage.
Zinc Isotopic Compositions of NIST SRM 683 and Whole‐Rock Reference Materials
Authors: Chen Sha , Liu Yuchen , Hu Jingya , Zhang Zhaofeng , Hou Zhenhui , Huang Fang , Yu Huimin 
Published: October 2015

In this study the homogeneity of the zinc isotopic composition in the NIST SRM 683 reference material was examined by measuring the Zn isotopic signature in microdrilled sample powders from two metal nuggets. Zinc was purified using AG MP‐1M resin and then measured by MC‐ICP‐MS. Instrumental mass bias was corrected using the “sample‐standard bracketing” method and empirical external normalisation with Cu doping. After evaluating the potential effects of varying acid mass fractions and different matrices, high‐precision Zn isotope data were obtained with an intermediate measurement precision better than ± 0.05‰ (δ66Zn, 2s) over a period of 5 months. The δ66ZnJMC‐Lyon mean values of eighty‐four and fourteen drilled powders from two nuggets were 0.11 ± 0.02‰ and 0.12 ± 0.02‰, respectively, indicating that NIST SRM 683 is a good isotopic reference material with homogeneous Zn isotopes. The Zn isotopic compositions of seventeen rock reference materials were also determined, and their δ66Zn values were in agreement with most previously published data within 2s. The δ66Zn values of most of the rock reference materials analysed were in the range 0.22–0.36‰, except for GSP‐2 (1.07 ± 0.06‰, n = 12), NOD‐A‐1 (0.96 ± 0.03‰, n = 6) and NOD‐P‐1 (0.78 ± 0.03‰, n = 6). These comprehensive data should serve as reference values for quality assurance and interlaboratory calibration exercises.
Inherited Structural Heart Diseases With Potential Atrial Fibrillation Occurrence
Authors: MANUGUERRA ROBERTA , CALLEGARI SERGIO , CORRADI DOMENICO 
Published: October 2015

AF in Inherited Structural Heart DiseasesInherited cardiac diseases inducing structural remodeling of the myocardium sometimes develop arrhythmias of various kinds. Among these rhythm disturbances, atrial fibrillation is well known to frequently worsen the prognosis of the primary disorder by increasing morbidity and mortality, especially because of a higher rate of heart failure. In this manuscript, we have reviewed the literature on the most important inherited structural cardiac diseases in whose clinical history atrial fibrillation may occur fairly often.
Image contrast reduction mechanism in full‐field optical coherence tomography
Authors: GAO WANRONG 
Published: November 2015

SummaryCorrect interpretation of image contrast obtained with full‐field optical coherence tomography (FFOCT) technique is required for accurate medical diagnosis applications. In this work, first, the characteristics of microscopic structures of tissue that generate the contrast in en‐face tomographic image obtained with FFOCT are discussed. Then an overview is given of the parameters that affect image contrast. Finally, the contrast correction factor for correct image interpretation and the contrast limits to practical FFOCT systems are outlined.
Companion animals and well‐being in palliative care nursing: a literature review
Authors: MacDonald Julie M , Barrett David 
Published: November 2015

Aims and objectivesTo evaluate and critique current knowledge regarding the role of animals in palliative care. To explore the impact that animals may have on the well‐being of individuals and to identify gaps in the evidence base.BackgroundThere is recognition that having a companion animal will affect patient experience. Similarly, there has been some previous exploration on the use of specific animal assisted therapies for patients with different healthcare needs.DesignA literature review was conducted to identify published and unpublished research about companion animals or animal‐assisted therapy in palliative and/or end‐of‐life care. The primary objective was to explore the impact of animals on well‐being at the end of life.MethodsA search for literature was carried out using a variety of databases and different combinations of search terms linked to animals in palliative care. Included works were critically appraised and thematically analysed.ResultsA limited range of literature was identified. From the small number of studies included in the review (n = 4), it appears that there is some evidence of animals (either companion animals or those used specifically to enhance care) having a positive impact on the patient experience.ConclusionThis study suggests that animals play a large part in the lives of people receiving palliative care. Using animals to support care may also offer some benefits to the patient experience. However, there appears to be a dearth of high‐quality literature in this area. More research is therefore required.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses providing palliative care need to be aware of the part that a companion animal may play in the life of patients. There may also be the opportunity for nurses in some settings to integrate animal therapy into their provision of palliative care.
Long‐Term Survival of Dental Implants with Different Prosthetic Loading Times in Healthy Patients: A 5‐Year Retrospective Clinical Study
Authors: Muelas‐Jiménez M. Isabel , Olmedo‐Gaya Maria Victoria , Manzano‐Moreno Francisco J. , Reyes‐Botella Candela , Vallecillo‐Capilla Manuel 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPurposeTo compare survival rates among dental implants restored with immediate, early, and conventional loading protocols, also comparing between maxillary and mandibular implants, and to evaluate the influence of implant length and diameter and the type of prosthesis on treatment outcomes.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective cohort study initially included all 52 patients receiving dental implants between July 2006 and February 2008 at a private oral surgery clinic in Granada (Southern Spain). Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed, including periapical or panoramic radiographs, and incidences during completion of the restoration were recorded at 1 week, 3 months, 6 months, and at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years. After a 5‐year follow‐up, 1 patient had died, 3 were lost to follow‐up, and 6 required grafting before implant placement; therefore, the final study sample comprised 42 patients with 164 implants.ResultsVariables associated with the survival/failure of the restoration were: number of implants (higher failure rate with fewer implants), bone type (higher failure rate in type III or IV bone), and type of prosthesis (higher failure rate with single crowns). No significant association was found in univariate or multivariate analyses between survival rate and the loading protocol, implant length or diameter, or maxillary/mandibular location.ConclusionsImmediate occlusal loading, immediate provisionalization without occlusal loading, and early loading are viable treatment options with similar survival rates to those obtained with conventional loading. Bone quality and number of implants per patient were the most influential factors.
Multilevel Factor Structure and Concurrent Validity of the Teacher Version of the Authoritative School Climate Survey
Authors: Huang Francis L. , Cornell Dewey G. , Konold Timothy , Meyer Joseph P. , Lacey Anna , Nekvasil Erin K. , Heilbrun Anna , Shukla Kathan D. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSchool climate is well recognized as an important influence on student behavior and adjustment to school, but there is a need for theory‐guided measures that make use of teacher perspectives. Authoritative school climate theory hypothesizes that a positive school climate is characterized by high levels of disciplinary structure and student support.METHODSA teacher version of the Authoritative School Climate Survey (ASCS) was administered to a statewide sample of 9099 7th‐ and 8th‐grade teachers from 366 schools. The study used exploratory and multilevel confirmatory factor analyses (MCFA) that accounted for the nested data structure and allowed for the modeling of the factor structures at 2 levels.RESULTSMultilevel confirmatory factor analyses conducted on both an exploratory (N = 4422) and a confirmatory sample (N = 4677) showed good support for the factor structures investigated. Factor correlations at 2 levels indicated that schools with greater levels of disciplinary structure and student support had higher student engagement, less teasing and bullying, and lower student aggression toward teachers.CONCLUSIONSThe teacher version of the ASCS can be used to assess 2 key domains of school climate and associated measures of student engagement and aggression toward peers and teachers.
Spatiotemporal analysis of gene flow in Chesapeake Bay Diamondback Terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin)
Authors: Converse Paul E. , Kuchta Shawn R. , Roosenburg Willem M. , Henry Paula F. P. , Haramis G. Michael , King Tim L. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThere is widespread concern regarding the impacts of anthropogenic activities on connectivity among populations of plants and animals, and understanding how contemporary and historical processes shape metapopulation dynamics is crucial for setting appropriate conservation targets. We used genetic data to identify population clusters and quantify gene flow over historical and contemporary time frames in the Diamondback Terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin). This species has a long and complicated history with humans, including commercial overharvesting and subsequent translocation events during the early twentieth century. Today, terrapins face threats from habitat loss and mortality in fisheries bycatch. To evaluate population structure and gene flow among Diamondback Terrapin populations in the Chesapeake Bay region, we sampled 617 individuals from 15 localities and screened individuals at 12 polymorphic microsatellite loci. Our goals were to demarcate metapopulation structure, quantify genetic diversity, estimate effective population sizes, and document temporal changes in gene flow. We found that terrapins in the Chesapeake Bay region harbour high levels of genetic diversity and form four populations. Effective population sizes were variable. Among most population comparisons, estimates of historical and contemporary terrapin gene flow were generally low (m ≈ 0.01). However, we detected a substantial increase in contemporary gene flow into Chesapeake Bay from populations outside the bay, as well as between two populations within Chesapeake Bay, possibly as a consequence of translocations during the early twentieth century. Our study shows that inferences across multiple time scales are needed to evaluate population connectivity, especially as recent changes may identify threats to population persistence.
One step ahead: a parasitoid disperses farther and forms a wider geographic population than its fig wasp host
Authors: Sutton Timothy L. , Riegler Markus , Cook James M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe structure of populations across landscapes influences the dynamics of their interactions with other species. Understanding the geographic structure of populations can thus shed light on the potential for interacting species to co‐evolve. Host–parasitoid interactions are widespread in nature and also represent a significant force in the evolution of plant–insect interactions. However, there have been few comparisons of population structure between an insect host and its parasitoid. We used microsatellite markers to analyse the population genetic structure of Pleistodontes imperialis sp. 1, a fig‐pollinating wasp of Port Jackson fig (Ficus rubiginosa), and its main parasitoid, Sycoscapter sp. A, in eastern Australia. Besides exploring this host–parasitoid system, our study also constitutes, to our knowledge, the first study of population structure in a nonpollinating fig wasp species. We collected matched samples of pollinators and parasitoids at several sites in two regions separated by up to 2000 km. We found that pollinators occupying the two regions represent distinct populations, but, in contrast, parasitoids formed a single population across the wide geographic range sampled. We observed genetic isolation by distance for each species, but found consistently lower FST and RST values between sites for parasitoids compared with pollinators. Previous studies have indicated that pollinators of monoecious figs can disperse over very long distances, and we provide the first genetic evidence that their parasitoids may disperse as far, if not farther. The contrasting geographic population structures of host and parasitoid highlight the potential for geographic mosaics in this important symbiotic system.