bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, prostaglandins, and cancer
Authors: Allaj Viola , Guo Changxiong , Nie Daotai 
Published: February 2013

AbstractFatty acids are involved in multiple pathways and play a pivotal role in health. Eicosanoids, derived from arachidonic acid, have received extensive attention in the field of cancer research. Following release from the phospholipid membrane, arachidonic acid can be metabolized into different classes of eicosanoids through cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, or p450 epoxygenase pathways. Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely consumed as analgesics to relieve minor aches and pains, as antipyretics to reduce fever, and as anti-inflammatory medications. Most NSAIDs are nonselective inhibitors of cyclooxygenases, the rate limiting enzymes in the formation of prostaglandins. Long term use of some NSAIDs has been linked with reduced incidence and mortality in many cancers. In this review, we appraise the biological activities of prostanoids and their cognate receptors in the context of cancer biology. The existing literature supports that these lipid mediators are involved to a great extent in the occurrence and progression of cancer.
Work satisfaction, quality of life, and leisure time of neonatology fellows and senior neonatologists in Israel
Authors: Moshe Michael , Perry Zvi H , Salzer Liat , Zemora Ehud , Toker Asaf 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectivesTo examine work satisfaction, quality of life, and leisure time of neonatology fellows and senior neonatologists in Israel.MethodsA validated questionnaire was delivered during the second half of 2008 to all the neonatology fellows and senior neonatologists in Israel. Descriptive analysis, parametric Student’st-test, and aparametric Mann Whitney and χ2 tests were conducted.ResultsOf 114 practicing neonatologists in that period in Israel (including both seniors and fellows), 112 (98.25%) participated in the study. The majority of neonatologists were male (53.2%), married (91.7%), 40–60 years old (69.7%), and studied in Israeli medical schools (62.0%). Most did their pediatric residencies and fellowships in Israel (97.2% and 75.7%, respectively). The average number of night/on-call shifts of fellows and senior neonatologists was 8.8 per month (SD ± 3.425) and the number of active on-call shifts was 4.04 (SD ± 3.194). The satisfaction level of neonatologists in Israeli medical centers with patient care, self-reward, work relations, and quality of life was high, but their satisfaction level with workload, income and prestige, and leisure time was low. The general index of work satisfaction and the general index of indices were both high in relation to the mid-range values. The majority of neonatologists stated that they would choose to practice medicine again. Most of them would encourage medical students to choose the same specialty they had chosen. Only a few neonatologists were contemplating changing their choice of specialty. Most neonatologists want to continue practicing medicine; however, a significant number will not recommend that their children do so.ConclusionsThe satisfaction level of neonatologists in Israel is high, mainly due to satisfaction with their work. High satisfaction levels promise high quality patient care, as well as high satisfaction levels of patients and their families. However, satisfaction with leisure time was low and it will require greater attention and focused steps to correct this.
BAY11 enhances OCT4 synthetic mRNA expression in adult human skin cells
Authors: Awe Jason P , Crespo Agustin Vega , Li You , Kiledjian Megerditch , Byrne James A 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Introduction
The OCT4 transcription factor is involved in many cellular processes, including development, reprogramming, maintaining pluripotency and differentiation. Synthetic OCT4 mRNA was recently used (in conjunction with other reprogramming factors) to generate human induced pluripotent stem cells. Here, we discovered that BAY 11-7082 (BAY11), at least partially through an NF-κB-inhibition based mechanism, could significantly increase the expression of OCT4 following transfection of synthetic mRNA (synRNA) into adult human skin cells.

Methods
We tested various chemical and molecular small molecules on their ability to suppress the innate immune response seen upon synthetic mRNA transfection. Three molecules - B18R, BX795, and BAY11 - were used in immunocytochemical and proliferation-based assays. We also utilized global transcriptional meta-analysis coupled with quantitative PCR to identify relative gene expression downstream of OCT4.

Results
We found that human skin cells cultured in the presence of BAY11 resulted in reproducible increased expression of OCT4 that did not inhibit normal cell proliferation. The increased levels of OCT4 resulted in significantly increased expression of genes downstream of OCT4, including the previously identified SPP1, DUSP4 and GADD45G, suggesting the expressed OCT4 was functional. We also discovered a novel OCT4 putative downstream target gene SLC16A9 which demonstrated significantly increased expression following elevation of OCT4 levels.

Conclusions
For the first time we have shown that small molecule-based stabilization of synthetic mRNA expression can be achieved with use of BAY11. This small molecule-based inhibition of innate immune responses and subsequent robust expression of transfected synthetic mRNAs may have multiple applications for future cell-based research and therapeutics.
At the leading edge of three-dimensional cell migration
Authors: Petrie Ryan J. , Yamada Kenneth M. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryCells migrating on flat two-dimensional (2D) surfaces use actin polymerization to extend the leading edge of the plasma membrane during lamellipodia-based migration. This mode of migration is not universal; it represents only one of several mechanisms of cell motility in three-dimensional (3D) environments. The distinct modes of 3D migration are strongly dependent on the physical properties of the extracellular matrix, and they can be distinguished by the structure of the leading edge and the degree of matrix adhesion. How are these distinct modes of cell motility in 3D environments related to each other and regulated? Recent studies show that the same type of cell migrating in 3D extracellular matrix can switch between different leading edge structures. This mode-switching behavior, or plasticity, by a single cell suggests that the apparent diversity of motility mechanisms is integrated by a common intracellular signaling pathway that governs the mode of cell migration. In this Commentary, we propose that the mode of 3D cell migration is governed by a signaling axis involving cell–matrix adhesions, RhoA signaling and actomyosin contractility, and that this might represent a universal mechanism that controls 3D cell migration.
One-Pot Synthesis and Evaluation of Properties of Optically Active Poly(imide–urethane)s
Authors: Toiserkani Hojjat , Rafiaee Marziyeh 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
A new diacylazide 2 bearing two preformed imide rings and (S)-valine was prepared in three steps, starting from the reaction of 4,4′-carbonyldiphthalic anhydride with (S)-valine in refluxing glacial acetic acid, followed by treating 4,4′-carbonylbis[(S)-2′′-phthalimidovaline] (1) with ethyl chloroformate in the presence of triethylamine, and subsequently by a nucleophilic reaction with sodium azide. A novel family of optically active poly(imide–urethane)s (PIUs) with moderate inherent viscosities in the range 0.25–0.44 dL g−1 were prepared from diacylazide 2 and various aromatic diols in dry toluene under refluxing in the presence of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO, triethylenediamine) as a catalyst. The polycondensation reaction readily proceeded in desirable yields as one-pot reactions starting from 2 without separate synthesis of the corresponding diisocyanate. All of the resulting polymers were thoroughly characterized by spectroscopic methods and specific rotation. The PIUs exhibited an excellent solubility in a variety of polar solvents. Experimental results indicated that all the PIUs had glass-transition temperature between 179 and 218 °C, the decomposition temperature at 10% weight loss between 201 and 223 °C under nitrogen.
Titration Analysis of Electron Storage and Discharge Properties of Carbon Nanodots
Authors: Matsuoka Ken-ichi , Shibuya Ryo , Fujita Katsuhiko 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Sequential electron-transfer experiments involving carbon nanodots (CNDs) by a titration method revealed the electron storage and discharge properties of CNDs. The CND accepts electrons from the methyl viologen radical and discharges them to redox species having appropriate reduction potentials. We succeeded in estimating the upper-limit reduction potential of the stored electrons in CNDs.
Heterocyclic Carbene–Metal-catalyzed Csp2–Csp2 and Csp–Csp2 Couplings Using Nonmetallic Substrates
Authors: Yus Miguel , Pastor Isidro M 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The use of carbene ligands for transition-metal complexes has been developed in the last decades, being of special interest those carbenes derived from a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic system. An interesting variety of carbene–metal complexes has been tested in the Mizoroki–Heck reaction. In comparison, few examples can be found for the Matsuda–Heck version of this coupling reaction. Additionally, the Sonogashira coupling has been also catalyzed with different carbene–metal catalysts.
Social Ties and User-Generated Content: Evidence from an Online Social Network
Authors: Shriver Scott K. , Nair Harikesh S. , Hofstetter Reto 
Published: February 2013

We exploit changes in wind speeds at surfing locations in Switzerland as a source of variation in users' propensity to post content about their surfing activity on an online social network. We exploit this variation to test whether users' online content-generation activity is codetermined with their social ties. Economically significant effects of this type can produce positive feedback that generates local network effects in content generation. When quantitatively significant, the increased content and tie density arising from the network effect induces more visitation and browsing on the site, which fuels growth by generating advertising revenue. We find evidence consistent with such network effects.This paper was accepted by J. Miguel Villas-Boas, marketing.
Inferring Reporting-Related Biases in Hedge Fund Databases from Hedge Fund Equity Holdings
Authors: Agarwal Vikas , Fos Vyacheslav , Jiang Wei 
Published: February 2013

This paper formally analyzes the biases related to self-reporting in hedge fund databases by matching the quarterly equity holdings of a complete list of 13F-filing hedge fund companies to the union of five major commercial databases of self-reporting hedge funds between 1980 and 2008. We find that funds initiate self-reporting after positive abnormal returns that do not persist into the reporting period. Termination of self-reporting is followed by both return deterioration and outflows from the funds. The propensity to self-report is consistent with the trade-offs between the benefits (e.g., access to prospective investors) and costs (e.g., partial loss of trading secrecy and flexibility in selective marketing). Finally, returns of self-reporting funds are higher than that of nonreporting funds using characteristic-based benchmarks. However, the difference is not significant using alternative choices of performance measures.This paper was accepted by Brad Barber, finance.
Social Networks, Information Acquisition, and Asset Prices
Authors: Han Bing , Yang Liyan 
Published: February 2013

We analyze a rational expectations equilibrium model to explore the implications of information networks for the financial market. When information is exogenous, social communication improves market efficiency. However, social communication crowds out information production due to traders' incentives to “free ride” on informed friends and on a more informative price system. Overall, social communication hurts market efficiency when information is endogenous. The network effects on the cost of capital, liquidity, trading volume, and welfare are also sensitive to whether information is endogenous. Our analysis highlights the importance of information acquisition in examining the implications of information networks for financial markets. This paper was accepted by Wei Xiong, finance.
Adverse Events Associated with Procedural Sedation in Pediatric Patients in the Emergency Department
Authors: Cudny Magdalena E. , Wang N. Ewen , Bardas Sandra L. , Nguyen Carolyn N. 
Published: February 2013

Purpose To determine the agents used by emergency medicine (EM) physicians in pediatric procedural sedation and the associated adverse events (AEs) and to provide recommendations for optimizing drug therapy in pediatric patients. Methods We conducted a prospective study at Stanford Hospital's pediatric emergency department (ED) from April 2007 to April 2008 to determine the medications most frequently used in pediatric procedural sedation as well as their effectiveness and AEs. Patients, 18 years old or younger, who required procedural sedation in the pediatric ED were eligible for the study. The data collected included medical record number, sex, age, height, weight, procedure type and length, physician, and agents used. For each agent, the dose, route, time from administration to onset of sedation, duration of sedation, AEs, and sedation score were recorded. Use of supplemental oxygen and interventions during procedural sedation were also recorded. Results We found that in a convenience sample of 196 children (202 procedures) receiving procedural sedation in a university-based ED, 8 different medications were used (ketamine, etomidate, fentanyl, hydromorphone, methohexital, midazolam, pentobarbital, and thiopental). Ketamine was the most frequently used medication (88%), regardless of the procedure. Only twice in the study was the medication that was initially used for procedural sedation changed completely. Fracture reduction was the most frequently performed procedure (41%), followed by laceration/suture repair (32%). There were no serious AEs reported. Conclusion EM-trained physicians can safely perform pediatric procedural sedation in the ED. In the pediatric ED, the most common procedure requiring conscious sedation is fracture reduction, with ketamine as the preferred agent.
Linaclotide
Authors: Cada Dennis J. , Levien Terri L. , Baker Danial E. 
Published: February 2013

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive 5 to 6 well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committees. Subscribers also receive monthly 1-page summary monographs on agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation/medication use evaluation (DUE/MUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are sent in print and are also available on-line. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of a facility. Subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service also receive access to a pharmacy bulletin board, The Formulary Information Exchange (The F.I.X.). All topics pertinent to clinical and hospital pharmacy are discussed on The F.I.X. A drug class review is now published monthly with The Formulary Monograph Service. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. For more information about The Formulary Monograph Service or The F.I.X., call The Formulary at 800-322-4349. The February 2013 monograph topics are tofacitinib, cabozantinib, suvorexant, vortioxetine, and apremilast. The DUE/MUE is on tofacitinib.
Primary Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in Ambulatory Cancer Patients
Authors: Aikens Garrett B , Rivey Michael P , Hansen Carly J 
Published: February 2013

OBJECTIVE: To summarize and review current medical literature regarding the efficacy and safety of antithrombotic therapy for primary venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in various ambulatory cancer populations. DATA SOURCES: A literature search was conducted in PubMed (1966-September 2012) and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970-September 2012) using the terms venous thromboembolism, primary prophylaxis, anticoagulation, antithrombotic agents, cancer, and ambulatory. The bibliographies of pertinent studies and topic articles were reviewed for additional references. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: All English-language articles were evaluated for inclusion. All randomized trials were included in the review. DATA SYNTHESIS: Malignancy has been identified as a major independent risk factor for the development of VTE in the surgical, medically ill, and ambulatory populations. Primary VTE prophylaxis has been identified as an area of great impact in cancer patients because of the difficulties associated with the treatment of VTE and the greater risk for its recurrence in this population. Although primary VTE prophylaxis is recommended in all surgical and hospitalized cancer patients without contraindications to anticoagulants, its role in ambulatory cancer patients is less certain because of varying patient, cancer, and treatment-related factors. Fourteen randomized studies have investigated the use of antithrombotic agents for primary VTE prophylaxis in ambulatory cancer patients. Strong evidence for primary prophylaxis exists for several populations with advanced or metastatic cancer considered to be at high risk, including those with pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, or multiple myeloma. Evidence is inconsistent or lacking for lower risk cancer populations, such as those with breast cancer, or for those with malignant glioma, which carries a high risk for VTE and bleeding relative to the general ambulatory cancer population. CONCLUSIONS: Use of antithrombotic agents has reduced the rate of primary VTE, with minimal increases in bleeding risk in specific ambulatory cancer populations. Further investigation is needed to guide and narrow recommendations for primary VTE prophylaxis in ambulatory cancer patients.
Review of Continuous-Infusion Vancomycin
Authors: DiMondi V Paul , Rafferty Kelly 
Published: February 2013

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of administering vancomycin as a continuous infusion. DATA SOURCES: Literature was accessed through MEDLINE (1977-September 2012), Embase (1977-September 2012), and Google Scholar, using the terms vancomycin, continuous, discontinuous, infusion, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and nephrotoxicity. In addition, reference citations from publications identified were reviewed. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: All English-language articles identified from the data sources were evaluated. Studies including more than 30 adults were included in the safety and efficacy review. DATA SYNTHESIS: Infections due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carry a significant risk of morbidity and mortality. Vancomycin is commonly prescribed for invasive MRSA infections and has been traditionally administered as an intermittent infusion. Administering vancomycin as a continuous infusion is a novel approach to improving its efficacy and safety profile. Fourteen clinical trials were reviewed (2 prospective, 1 meta-analysis, 11 retrospective). The pharmacodynamic profiles between continuous-infusion vancomycin and intermittent-infusion vancomycin were comparable. Continuous-infusion therapy did not significantly improve the efficacy of vancomycin in the treatment of invasive MRSA infections. Conflicting results exist regarding the safety profile of continuous-infusion compared with intermittent-infusion vancomycin. The only published prospective randomized clinical trial comparing continuous infusion with intermittent therapy found no significant difference in the rates of nephrotoxicity. The data from retrospective studies are heterogeneous and show variable rates of nephrotoxicity. In general, compatibility information for administering vancomycin as a continuous infusion is unavailable. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, currently available evidence is insufficient to conclude whether an improvement in vancomycin efficacy exists when it is administered as a continuous infusion. The risk of nephrotoxicity associated with continuous-infusion vancomycin requires further investigation in prospective randomized trials. Specific patient populations that would benefit from continuous-infusion vancomycin have yet to be determined.
Anemia Management in Patients with Chronic Viral Hepatitis C
Authors: Hynicka Lauren M , Heil Emily L 
Published: February 2013

OBJECTIVE: To review the literature regarding current strategies for the management of anemia associated with treatment for chronic viral hepatitis C (HCV) in adults. DATA SOURCES: The MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched (January 1980-October 2012) for articles in English using the search terms anemia, ribavirin, dose reduction, erythropoietin stimulating agents, hepatitis C, HIV, liver transplant, telaprevir, and boceprevir. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: All relevant original studies, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, guidelines, and review articles were assessed for inclusion. References from pertinent articles were examined for additional content not found during the initial search. DATA SYNTHESIS: Standard of care for patients infected with HCV genotype 1 now requires a triple therapy regimen including an HCV NS3 protease inhibitor. These regimens lead to significantly higher rates of anemia compared to prior dual therapy regimens. Development of an optimal management strategy should begin with risk stratification. Ribavirin dose reductions have been recommended in the package inserts for the pegylated interferon products and studies have demonstrated the need for maintenance of 80% of the initial ribavirin dose to achieve optimal sustained virologic response (SVR) with dual therapy. The use of erythropoietin-stimulating agents has been shown to be effective for anemia caused by peginterferon and ribavirin without compromising SVR rates. Limited data have been published regarding the management of anemia with triple therapy; however, efficacy studies for boceprevir and telaprevir have used ribavirin dose reduction and erythropoietin-stimulating agents to successfully manage anemia. CONCLUSIONS: Anemia is a common adverse event associated with the use of ribavirin, and, more recently, the new HCV protease inhibitors. Ribavirin dose reduction should continue to be used as an initial anemia management strategy, with the use of erythropoietin alfa 40,000 units once weekly reserved for patients whose hemoglobin does not adequately respond to initial management strategies.