bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiences engaging community health workers to provide maternal and newborn health services: Implementation of four programs
Authors: Haver Jaime , Brieger William , Zoungrana Jérémie , Ansari Nasratullah , Kagoma Jean 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA paucity of skilled health providers is a considerable impediment to reducing maternal, infant, and under‐five mortality for many low‐resource countries. Although evidence supports the effectiveness of community health workers (CHWs) in delivering primary healthcare services, shifting tasks to this cadre from providers with advanced training has been pursued with overall caution—both because of difficulties determining an appropriate package of CHW services and to avoid overburdening the cadre. We reviewed programs in Rwanda, Afghanistan, Nigeria, and Nepal where tasks in delivery of health promotion information and distribution of commodities were transitioned to CHWs to reach underserved populations. The community‐based interventions were complementary to facility‐based interventions as part of a comprehensive approach to increase access to basic health services. Drawing on these experiences, we illuminate commonalities, lessons learned, and factors contributing to the programs’ implementation strategies to help inform practical application in other settings.
Cumulative oxytocin dose during induction of labor according to maternal body mass index
Authors: Roloff Kristina , Peng Sheppard , Sanchez‐Ramos Luis , Valenzuela Guillermo J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the cumulative oxytocin dose needed to achieve vaginal delivery among obese and non‐obese women.MethodsA retrospective study was undertaken of women with singleton, term (≥ 37 weeks) pregnancies who delivered at an institution in California, USA, between May 1 and July 31, 2012. Women were deemed to be obese when their body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters) was 30 or above. Cumulative oxytocin doses were calculated for women who achieved vaginal delivery.ResultsOverall, 413 women were included. Among 357 women for whom BMI data were available, 204 (57.1%) were obese. Vaginal delivery was achieved in 379 women. Among women who received augmentation after spontaneous labor onset, obese women trended towards more cumulative oxytocin (minimum: 24.7 ± 100.5 mU among women with a BMI of 18.50–24.99; maximum: 1580.5 ± 2530.5 mU among women with a BMI of 35.00–39.99; P = 0.086). Women who underwent induction of labor required significantly more oxytocin with increasing BMI class (P < 0.001), despite no difference in length of labor.ConclusionObese women required a larger cumulative oxytocin dose to achieve vaginal birth during labor induction, but not during augmentation of labor. The physiology of spontaneous labor could supersede or influence the metabolic derangement facing obese patients undergoing induction of labor.
A combination method of the theory and experiment in determination of cutting force coefficients in ball-end mill processes
Authors: Kao Yung-Chou , Nguyen Nhu-Tung , Chen Mau-Sheng , Huang Shyh-Chour 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn this paper, the cutting force calculation of ball-end mill processing was modeled mathematically. All derivations of cutting forces were directly based on the tangential, radial, and axial cutting force components. In the developed mathematical model of cutting forces, the relationship of average cutting force and the feed per flute was characterized as a linear function. The cutting force coefficient model was formulated by a function of average cutting force and other parameters such as cutter geometry, cutting conditions, and so on. An experimental method was proposed based on the stable milling condition to estimate the cutting force coefficients for ball-end mill. This method could be applied for each pair of tool and workpiece. The developed cutting force model has been successfully verified experimentally with very promising results.Highlights By investigation of the stable cutting conditions in milling process, the linear function of average cutting force and feed per flute was successfully verified. A combined theoretical-experimental method was proposed with an effective model for the determination of cutting force coefficients in ball-end mill process.
Anaemia prevalence may be reduced among countries that fortify flour
Authors: Barkley Jonathan S. , Wheeler Kathleen S. , Pachón Helena 
Published: June 2015

The effectiveness of flour fortification in reducing anaemia prevalence is equivocal. The goal was to utilise the existing national-level data to assess whether anaemia in non-pregnant women was reduced after countries began fortifying wheat flour, alone or in combination with maize flour, with at least Fe, folic acid, vitamin A or vitamin B12. Nationally representative anaemia data were identified through Demographic and Health Survey reports, the WHO Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System database and other national-level nutrition surveys. Countries with at least two anaemia surveys were considered for inclusion. Within countries, surveys were excluded if altitude was not consistently adjusted for, or if the blood-draw site (e.g. capillary or venous) or Hb quantification method (e.g. HemoCue or Cyanmethaemoglobin) differed. Anaemia prevalence was modelled for countries that had pre- and post-fortification data (n 12) and for countries that never fortified flour (n 20) using logistic regression models that controlled for time effects, human development index (HDI) and endemic malaria. After adjusting for HDI and malaria, each year of fortification was associated with a 2·4 % reduction in the odds of anaemia prevalence (PR 0·976, 95 % CI 0·975, 0·978). Among countries that never fortified, no reduction in the odds of anaemia prevalence over time was observed (PR 0·999, 95 % CI 0·997, 1·002). Among both fortification and non-fortification countries, HDI and malaria were significantly associated with anaemia (P< 0·001). Although this type of evidence precludes a definitive conclusion, results suggest that after controlling for time effects, HDI and endemic malaria, anaemia prevalence has decreased significantly in countries that fortify flour with micronutrients, while remaining unchanged in countries that do not.
Association between mild cognitive impairment and dementia and undernutrition among elderly people in Central Africa: some results from the EPIDEMCA (Epidemiology of Dementia in Central Africa) programme
Authors: Pilleron Sophie , Jésus Pierre , Desport Jean-Claude , Mbelesso Pascal , Ndamba-Bandzouzi Bébène , Clément Jean-Pierre , Dartigues Jean-François , Preux Pierre-Marie , Guerchet Maëlenn ,   the EPIDEMCA group (Maëlenn Guerchet, Bébène Ndamba-Bandzouzi, Pascal Mbelesso, Sophie Pilleron, Iléana Désormais, Philippe Lacroix, Victor Aboyans, Jean-Claude Desport, Pierre Jésus, Achille Tchalla, Benoît Marin, Jean-Pierre Clément, Jean-Charles Lambert, Jean-François Dartigues and Pierre-Marie Preux)
Published: June 2015

Several studies in Western countries have shown an association between cognitive disorders and low BMI or weight loss in elderly people. However, few data are available in Africa. We analysed the association between cognitive disorders and undernutrition among elderly people in Central Africa. A cross-sectional, multicentre, population-based study using a two-phase design was carried out in subjects aged 65 years and above in the Central African Republic (CAR) and the Republic of Congo (ROC). All subjects were interviewed using the Community Screening Interview for Dementia, and those with low performance were clinically assessed by a neurologist and underwent further psychometrical tests. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV and Petersen's criteria were required for the diagnoses of dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), respectively. Undernutrition was evaluated using mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) < 24 cm, BMI < 18·5 kg/m2 and arm muscular circumference (AMC) < 5th percentile. Multivariate binary logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations. In CAR, MCI was associated with MUAC < 24 cm (OR 0·7, 95 % CI 0·4, 1·0) and dementia with BMI < 18·5 kg/m2 (OR 2·3, 95 % CI 1·6, 3·1), AMC < 5th percentile (OR 2·3, 95 % CI 1·1, 4·6) and MUAC < 24 cm (OR 1·8, 95 % CI 1·4, 2·4). In ROC, both MCI and dementia were associated with all markers of undernutrition, but only AMC < 5th percentile was significantly associated with MCI (OR 3·1, 95 % CI 1·9, 4·8). In conclusion, cognitive disorders were associated with undernutrition. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the relationship between MCI and undernutrition in CAR.
Burden of major diarrheagenic protozoan parasitic co-infection among amoebic dysentery cases from North East India: a case report
Authors: NATH JOYOBRATO , HUSSAIN GULZAR , SINGHA BABY , PAUL JAISHREE , GHOSH SANKAR KUMAR 
Published: June 2015

SUMMARYIntestinal diarrheagenic polyparasitic infections are among the major public health concerns in developing countries. Here we examined stool specimens by microscopy, DNA dot blot and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to evaluate the co-infection of four principal protozoans among amoebic dysentery cases from Northeast Indian population. The multiplex PCR confirmedEntamoeba histolytica(8·1%),Entamoeba dispar(4·8%) and mixed infection of both the parasites (3·4%) in 68 of 356 stool specimens that were positive in microscopy and/or HMe probe based DNA dot blot screening. The prevailing parasite that co-exists withE. histolyticawasGiardia duodenalis(34·1%), followed byEnterocytozoon bieneusi(22·0%),Cryptosporidium parvum(14·6%) andCyclospora cayetanensis(7·3%,P= 0·017). Symptomatic participants (odds ratio (OR) = 4·07; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1·06, 15·68;P= 0·041), monsoon season (OR = 7·47; 95% CI = 1·40, 39·84;P= 0·046) and participants with family history of parasitic infection (OR = 4·50; 95% CI = 1·16, 17·51;P= 0·030) have significant association with overall co-infection rate. According to molecular consensus, comprehensive microscopy yielded 3·4% (12/356) false-negative and 7·6% (27/356) false-positive outcome, suggesting an improved broad-spectrum PCR-based diagnostic is required to scale down the poor sensitivity and specificity as well as implementation of integrated control strategy.
Successful ageing and multi-dimensional poverty: the case of Peru
Authors: OLIVERA JAVIER , TOURNIER ISABELLE 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the determinants of Successful Ageing (SA) in a sample of 4,151 Peruvians aged between 65 and 80 years and living in poverty. A key contribution of this study is to combine the conceptual appeal of SA to measure wellbeing in old age with the multi-dimensional poverty counting approach developed in the economic literature. This setting allows for moving beyond the dichotomy of successful and usual ageing to take advantage of the full distribution of success along a set of dimensions of wellbeing. The data are drawn from the Encuesta de Salud y Bienestar del Adulto Mayor (ESBAM) survey, which is the baseline to evaluate the non-contributory public pension programme Pension 65. Nine indicators of SA have been used to assess the dimensions of physical health, functioning, cognition, emotional health and life satisfaction. The variables associated with a higher number of satisfied indicators were male gender, younger old age, literate, employed, low food insecurity, good nutritional status, normal blood pressure, absence of disabilities, non-smoker, empowerment, good self-esteem, absence of mental disability and less frequent contact with a social network. From a policy perspective, the results of this study report a remarkably stable effect of three variables affecting SA that can be relatively easy to measure, monitor and influence by public intervention. These variables are food security, nutrition quality and self-esteem.
Multi-view object instance recognition in an industrial context
Authors: Mustafa Wail , Pugeault Nicolas , Buch Anders G. , Krüger Norbert 
Published: June 2015

SUMMARYWe present a fast object recognition system coding shape by viewpoint invariant geometric relations and appearance information. In our advanced industrial work-cell, the system can observe the work space of the robot by three pairs of Kinect and stereo cameras allowing for reliable and complete object information. From these sensors, we derive global viewpoint invariant shape features and robust color features making use of color normalization techniques.We show that in such a set-up, our system can achieve high performance already with a very low number of training samples, which is crucial for user acceptance and that the use of multiple views is crucial for performance. This indicates that our approach can be used in controlled but realistic industrial contexts that require—besides high reliability—fast processing and an intuitive and easy use at the end-user side.
Effect of alpha-lipoic acid on boar spermatozoa quality during freezing–thawing
Authors: Shen Tao , Jiang Zhong-Liang , Li Cong-Jun , Hu Xiao-Chen , Li Qing-Wang 
Published: June 2015

SummaryAlpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is known to be a natural antioxidant. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cryoprotective effect of ALA on the motility of boar spermatozoa and its antioxidant effect on boar spermatozoa during freezing–thawing. Different concentrations (2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0 or 10.0 mg/ml) of ALA were added to the extender used to freeze boar semen, and the effects on the quality and endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities of frozen–thawed spermatozoa were assessed. The results indicated that the addition of ALA to the extender resulted in a higher percentage of motile spermatozoa post-thaw (P < 0.05). The activities of superoxide dismutase, lactate dehydrogenase, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and catalase improved after adding ALA to the extender (P < 0.05). Artificial insemination results showed that pregnancy rate and litter size were significantly higher at 6.0 mg/ml in the ALA group than in the control group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, ALA conferred a cryoprotective capacity to the extender used for boar semen during the process of freezing–thawing, and the optimal concentration of ALA for the frozen extender was 6.0 mg/ml.
Plasticity in PYD assembly revealed by cryo-EM structure of the PYD filament of AIM2
Authors: Lu Alvin , Li Yang , Yin Qian , Ruan Jianbin , Yu Xiong , Egelman Edward , Wu Hao 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAbsent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) is an essential cytosolic double-stranded DNA receptor that assembles with the adaptor, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), and caspase-1 to form the AIM2 inflammasome, which leads to proteolytic maturation of cytokines and pyroptotic cell death. AIM2 contains an N-terminal Pyrin domain (PYD) that interacts with ASC through PYD/PYD interactions and nucleates ASCPYD filament formation. To elucidate the molecular basis of AIM2-induced ASCPYD polymerization, we generated AIM2PYD filaments fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP) and determined its cryo-electron microscopic (cryo-EM) structure. The map showed distinct definition of helices, allowing fitting of the crystal structure. Surprisingly, the GFP-AIM2PYD filament is a 1-start helix with helical parameters distinct from those of the 3-start ASCPYD filament. However, despite the apparent symmetry difference, helical net and detailed interface analyses reveal minimal changes in subunit packing. GFP-AIM2PYD nucleated ASCPYD filament formation in comparable efficiency as untagged AIM2PYD, suggesting assembly plasticity in both AIM2PYD and ASCPYD. The DNA-binding domain of AIM2 is able to form AIM2/DNA filaments, within which the AIM2PYD is brought into proximity to template ASCPYD filament assembly. Because ASC is able to interact with many PYD-containing receptors for the formation of inflammasomes, the observed structural plasticity may be critically important for this versatility in the PYD/PYD interactions.
Erratum: Single-taxon field measurements of bacterial gene regulation controlling DMSP fate
Authors: Varaljay Vanessa A , Robidart Julie , Preston Christina M , Gifford Scott M , Durham Bryndan P , Burns Andrew S , Ryan John P , Marin III Roman , Kiene Ronald P , Zehr Jonathan P , Scholin Christopher A , Ann Moran Mary 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Correction to: The ISME Journal (2015) 1677–1686; doi: 10.1038/ismej.2015.23; published online 20 February 2015 A wording error in a sentence in the abstract misrepresented a main finding of the research. The sentence should read: Expression of the demethylation pathway was relatively greater duringa high-DMSP-producing dinoflagellate bloom, and expression of the cleavage pathway was greater in the presence of a mixed diatom and dinoflagellate community.
Bifunctional non-noble metal oxide nanoparticle electrocatalysts through lithium-induced conversion for overall water splitting
Authors: Wang Haotian , Lee Hyun-Wook , Deng Yong , Lu Zhiyi , Hsu Po-Chun , Liu Yayuan , Lin Dingchang , Cui Yi 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDeveloping earth-abundant, active and stable electrocatalysts which operate in the same electrolyte for water splitting, including oxygen evolution reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction, is important for many renewable energy conversion processes. Here we demonstrate the improvement of catalytic activity when transition metal oxide (iron, cobalt, nickel oxides and their mixed oxides) nanoparticles (∼20 nm) are electrochemically transformed into ultra-small diameter (2–5 nm) nanoparticles through lithium-induced conversion reactions. Different from most traditional chemical syntheses, this method maintains excellent electrical interconnection among nanoparticles and results in large surface areas and many catalytically active sites. We demonstrate that lithium-induced ultra-small NiFeOx nanoparticles are active bifunctional catalysts exhibiting high activity and stability for overall water splitting in base. We achieve 10 mA cm−2 water-splitting current at only 1.51 V for over 200 h without degradation in a two-electrode configuration and 1 M KOH, better than the combination of iridium and platinum as benchmark catalysts.
Colloidal metasurfaces displaying near-ideal and tunable light absorbance in the infrared
Authors: Rozin Matthew J. , Rosen David A. , Dill Tyler J. , Tao Andrea R. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMetasurfaces are ultrathin, two-dimensional arrays of subwavelength resonators that have been demonstrated to control the flow of light in ways that are otherwise unattainable with natural materials. These arrays are typically composed of metallic Ag or Au nanostructures shaped like split rings, nanowire pairs or nanorods (commonly referred to as meta-atoms) that are arranged to produce a collective optical response spanning an impressive range of properties, from the perfect absorption of incident light to superresolution imaging. However, metasurfaces pose major challenges in their fabrication over large areas, which can be prohibitively expensive and time consuming using conventional nanolithography techniques. Here we show that differently shaped colloidal nanocrystals can be organized into metasurface architectures using robust, scalable assembly methods. These metasurfaces exhibit extreme in-plane electromagnetic coupling that is strongly dependent on nanocrystal size, shape and spacing. Colloidal metasurfaces that display near-ideal electromagnetic absorbance can be tuned from the visible into the mid-infrared wavelengths.
Revealing the planar chemistry of two-dimensional heterostructures at the atomic level
Authors: Chou Harry , Ismach Ariel , Ghosh Rudresh , Ruoff Rodney S. , Dolocan Andrei 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) atomic crystals and their heterostructures are an intense area of study owing to their unique properties that result from structural planar confinement. Intrinsically, the performance of a planar vertical device is linked to the quality of its 2D components and their interfaces, therefore requiring characterization tools that can reveal both its planar chemistry and morphology. Here, we propose a characterization methodology combining (micro-) Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry to provide structural information, morphology and planar chemical composition at virtually the atomic level, aimed specifically at studying 2D vertical heterostructures. As an example system, a graphene-on-h-BN heterostructure is analysed to reveal, with an unprecedented level of detail, the subtle chemistry and interactions within its layer structure that can be assigned to specific fabrication steps. Such detailed chemical information is of crucial importance for the complete integration of 2D heterostructures into functional devices.
Ganoderma lucidum reduces obesity in mice by modulating the composition of the gut microbiota
Authors: Chang Chih-Jung , Lin Chuan-Sheng , Lu Chia-Chen , Martel Jan , Ko Yun-Fei , Ojcius David M. , Tseng Shun-Fu , Wu Tsung-Ru , Chen Yi-Yuan Margaret , Young John D. , Lai Hsin-Chih 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObesity is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation and intestinal dysbiosis. Ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal mushroom used in traditional Chinese medicine with putative anti-diabetic effects. Here, we show that a water extract of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium (WEGL) reduces body weight, inflammation and insulin resistance in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Our data indicate that WEGL not only reverses HFD-induced gut dysbiosis—as indicated by the decreased Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratios and endotoxin-bearing Proteobacteria levels—but also maintains intestinal barrier integrity and reduces metabolic endotoxemia. The anti-obesity and microbiota-modulating effects are transmissible via horizontal faeces transfer from WEGL-treated mice to HFD-fed mice. We further show that high molecular weight polysaccharides (>300 kDa) isolated from the WEGL extract produce similar anti-obesity and microbiota-modulating effects. Our results indicate that G. lucidum and its high molecular weight polysaccharides may be used as prebiotic agents to prevent gut dysbiosis and obesity-related metabolic disorders in obese individuals.
In-vivo detection of binary PKA network interactions upon activation of endogenous GPCRs
Authors: Röck Ruth , Bachmann Verena , Bhang Hyo-eun C , Malleshaiah Mohan , Raffeiner Philipp , Mayrhofer Johanna E , Tschaikner Philipp M , Bister Klaus , Aanstad Pia , Pomper Martin G , Michnick Stephen W , Stefan Eduard 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMembrane receptor-sensed input signals affect and modulate intracellular protein-protein interactions (PPIs). Consequent changes occur to the compositions of protein complexes, protein localization and intermolecular binding affinities. Alterations of compartmentalized PPIs emanating from certain deregulated kinases are implicated in the manifestation of diseases such as cancer. Here we describe the application of a genetically encoded Protein-fragment Complementation Assay (PCA) based on the Renilla Luciferase (Rluc) enzyme to compare binary PPIs of the spatially and temporally controlled protein kinase A (PKA) network in diverse eukaryotic model systems. The simplicity and sensitivity of this cell-based reporter allows for real-time recordings of mutually exclusive PPIs of PKA upon activation of selected endogenous G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in cancer cells, xenografts of mice, budding yeast and zebrafish embryos. This extends the application spectrum of Rluc PCA for the quantification of PPI-based receptor-effector relationships in physiological and pathological model systems.