bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The FACT Histone Chaperone Guides Histone H4 Into Its Nucleosomal Conformation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: McCullough Laura , Poe Bryan , Connell Zaily , Xin Hua , Formosa Tim 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The pob3-Q308K mutation alters the small subunit of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae histone/nucleosome chaperone Facilitates Chromatin Transactions (FACT), causing defects in both transcription and DNA replication. We describe histone mutations that suppress some of these defects, providing new insight into the mechanism of FACT activity in vivo. FACT is primarily known for its ability to promote reorganization of nucleosomes into a more open form, but neither the pob3-Q308K mutation nor the compensating histone mutations affect this activity. Instead, purified mutant FACT complexes fail to release from nucleosomes efficiently, and the histone mutations correct this flaw. We confirm that pob3-T252E also suppresses pob3-Q308K and show that combining two suppressor mutations can be detrimental, further demonstrating the importance of balance between association and dissociation for efficient FACT:nucleosome interactions. To explain our results, we propose that histone H4 can adopt multiple conformations, most of which are incompatible with nucleosome assembly. FACT guides H4 to adopt appropriate conformations, and this activity can be enhanced or diminished by mutations in Pob3 or histones. FACT can therefore destabilize nucleosomes by favoring the reorganized state, but it can also promote assembly by tethering histones and DNA together and maintaining them in conformations that promote canonical nucleosome formation.
Highly Efficient Genome Modifications Mediated by CRISPR/Cas9 in Drosophila
Authors: Yu Zhongsheng , Ren Mengda , Wang Zhanxiang , Zhang Bo , Rong Yikang S , Jiao Renjie , Gao Guanjun 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
We report that Cas9/gRNA mediates efficient genetic modifications in Drosophila. Through targeting seven loci, we achieved a germline efficiency of up to 100%. Genes in both heterochromatin and euchromatin can be modified efficiently. Thus the Cas9/gRNA system is an attractive tool for rapid disruption of essentially any gene in Drosophila.
Space creation, structural construction and force distribution
Authors: Lámer G. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The paper is an overview of issues related to the space creation of a building, possibilities of developing frame structure and connections of force distribution in the construction. In plane the force distribution can be compression, bending and tension. In space “enclosing” a geometric solid means space creation. In space as it is to be expected, the force distribution must be compression, bending and tension in two different directions at the same time. This can be really variant but in the case of surface or surface-like constructions generated by translations (and/or rotations) on one hand, there are some other surfaces, which cannot be generated by translations (and/or rotations), on the other hand, the dimension of the inside “forces” is not two but three (independent components of a two-by-two tensor either in the case of compression tension, or in the case of bending). By this, force distribution is more complicated in space than in plane.
New technology for environmental friendly manufacturing of the complex helical surfaces
Authors: Gyenge C. S. , Oláh L. , Calin M. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
In the last years there have been a host of new transmissions with high efficiency and high precision. In the first stage of their manufacturing technologies did not take environmental issues into account. The research by our group has proposed to develop a technology that besides providing constructive parameters of transmissions aims not to pollute the environment too much. The developed new technology is based on ultraprecision turning, and was tested on a HEMBURG ultrapecision equipment.
The examination of leadership at local governments in the years of 2008 and 2012 in the North Great Plain Region
Authors: Matkó A. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
It was my initial assumption that the quality of governance and management, i.e. the leadership concept of the local authorities has a determinant role in increasing the competitiveness of the region. In my research, the increase of the competitiveness of the region was in focus. I did not consider competitiveness to be only a performance, but a managerial and organizational skill which basically develops competitiveness. For this reason, this study describes the leadership examination carried out at the local authorities of the region.
Shape design of rubber part using FEM
Authors: Mankovits T. , Kocsis I. , Portik T. , Szabó T. , Páczelt I. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
This paper presents a novel solution for shape optimization of compressed rubber parts. The procedure is based on the finite element method (FEM). A special purpose FEM code written in FORTRAN has been developed for the analysis of nearly incompressible axi-symmetric rubber parts. Numerical stability of the code and sensitivity analysis of the FEM input parameters are investigated. The aim of the parameter optimization is to reduce the time consuming FEM computations for the optimization process. The objective of the optimization is to find the optimal shape of the investigated rubber parts with a specified load-displacement curve. A regression model is used to determine the connection between the input and output data calculated by the FEM.
Theoretical and real solar energy gain on roofs in a densely built urban area with trees
Authors: Gál T. , Unger J. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The first aim of our research is to calculate the solar irradiance on roofs assuming clear sky and real (climatologically typical) conditions, respectively, and compare them in a densely built inner city study area in Szeged (Hungary). The second aim is to analyse the shading effect of the tree-crowns on the possible solar energy gain of building roofs. The calculation of the climatologically potential solar energy gain based on an empirical atmospheric transmittance (calculated from the measured global radiation values). The results show that in the case of clear sky condition the urban vegetation (tree-crowns) causes significant potential solar energy loss on the roofs, but in the real situations this effect is less significant. These obtained results clearly illustrate how useful tool could be the presented calculation method at the economical and technical planning stage of the installation of solar systems on roofs.
Trajectory control of a mobile robot using neural network for frail blind persons
Authors: Yildirim Ş. , Savaş S. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
This paper describes a novel application of mobile robot technology to the construction of mobility for the frail blind. Trajectory control of an experimental mobile robot using proposed neural network based controller structure for frail blind persons are presented. The robot is a non-holonomic experimental mobile robot with all electronic equipments. A prescribed double triangle reference trajectory is employed to test the robot with proposed controller structure for following exact trajectory of blind disable persons. The gain parameters of the P controller are tuned with neural network. The results of the proposed adaptive neural network based P controller are improved that this controller has superior performance at adapting large disturbances on the mobile robot.
Reactive power and voltage regulation in micro grids environment
Authors: Vokony I. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
This paper is a continuation of the paper “Examination of Micro Grid Operation in Island Condition, Focusing on Voltage Control” [10]. It has presented the assessment of micro grids’ voltage and reactive power control. The increasing integration of intelligent energy distribution networks has to serve the interest of the consumers. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the quality of the electricity supply with regard to the voltage quality as well. How is it possible to ensure the regulation in those cases, e.g. in case of island operation? In the paper the model developed and used for simulating the micro grids are introduced and it is also shown how to apply them for island operation assessment. With the help of a model network the results of the simulations are presented and the conclusions are evaluated.
Evaluation and modelling the micro-bioclimatological conditions of a popular playground in Szeged, Hungary
Authors: Égerházi L. A. , Kántor N. , Gál T. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
This paper presents a thermal comfort study of a popular playground in Szeged, Hungary in order to find its optimal land cover and vegetation options. For this assessment simulated micro- and bioclimatological conditions recorded on a typical summer day (12th July 2011) were analysed. The thermal and radiation features of the study area were quantified by two biometeorological indices, Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and Mean Radiant Temperature (Tmrt). For the simulation of the meteorological parameters and the bioclimate indices, ENVI-met microclimate model was used. The results confirmed that the modelled areas with different land cover provide a variety of thermal conditions for the visitors; moreover, human thermal sensation was significantly affected by the change of the radiation environment.
Possible examinations of stone machining focused on the relationship between technological parameters and surface quality
Authors: Kun Zs. , Gyurika I. G. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The stone products with different sizes, geometries and materials — like machine tool's bench, measuring machine's board or sculptures, floor tiles — can be produced automatically while the manufacturing engineer uses objective function similar to metal cutting. This function can minimise the manufacturing time or the manufacturing cost, in other cases it can maximise of the tool's life. To use several functions, manufacturing engineers need an overall theoretical background knowledge, which can give useful information about the choosing of technological parameters (e.g. feed rate, depth of cut, or cutting speed), the choosing of applicable tools or especially the choosing of the optimum motion path. A similarly important customer's requirement is the appropriate surface roughness of the machined (cut, sawn or milled) stone product. This paper's first part is about a five-month-long literature review, which summarizes in short the studies (researches and results) considered the most important by the authors. These works are about the investigation of the surface roughness of stone products in stone machining. In the second part of this paper the authors try to determine research possibilities and trends, which can help to specify the relation between the surface roughness and technological parameters. Most of the suggestions of this paper are about stone milling, which is the least investigated machining method in the world.
A New Approach in Permeability and Hydraulic-Flow-Unit Determination
Authors: Izadi Mohammad , Ghalambor Ali 
Published: July 2013

Summary
Building an integrated subsurface model is one of the main goals of major oil and gas operators to guide the field-development plans. All field-data acquisitions from seismic, well logging, production, and geomechanical monitoring to enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) operations can be affected by the accurate details incorporated in the subsurface model. Therefore, building a realistic integrated subsurface model of the field and associated operations is essential for a successful implementation of such projects. Furthermore, using a more reliable model can, in turn, provide the basis in the decision-making process for control and remediation of formation damage.
One of the key identifiers of the subsurface model is accurately predicting the hydraulic-flow units (HFUs). There are several models currently used in the prediction of these units on the basis of the type of data available. The predictions that used these models differ significantly because of the assumptions made in the derivations. Most of these assumptions do not adequately reflect realistic subsurface conditions, thus increasing the need for better models.
A new approach has been developed in this study for predicting the petrophysical properties and improving the reservoir characterization. The Poiseuille flow equation and Darcy equation were coupled, taking into consideration the irreducible water saturation in the pore network. The porous medium was introduced as a domain containing a bundle of tortuous capillary tubes with irreducible water lining the pore wall. A series of routine and special core analysis was performed on 17 Berea sandstone samples, and the petrophysical properties were measured and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was conducted.
In building the petrophysical model, it was initially necessary to assume an ideal reservoir with 17 different layers, each layer representing one Berea sample. Afterward, by the iteration and calibration of the laboratory data, the number of HFUs was determined by use of the common HFU model and the proposed model accordingly.
A comparative study shows that the new model provides a better distribution of HFUs and prediction of the petrophysical properties. The new model provides a better match with the experimental data collected than the models currently used in the prediction of such parameters. The good agreement observed for the Berea sandstone experimental data and the model predictions by use of the new permeability model shows a wider range of applicability for various reservoir conditions. In addition, the model has been applied to a series of core-analysis data on low-permeability Medina sandstone, Appalachian basin, northwest Pennsylvania. The flow-unit distribution by use of the proposed model shows a better flow-zone distinction, and the permeability/ porosity relationship has a higher confidence coefficient.
Effect of Capillary Pressure on Phase Behavior in Tight Rocks and Shales
Authors: Nojabaei B. , Johns R. T. , Chu L. 
Published: July 2013

Summary
Phase behavior is important in the calculation of hydrocarbons in place and in the flow of phases through the rocks. Pore sizes can be on the order of nanometers for shale and tight-rock formations. Such small pores can affect the phase behavior of in-situ oil and gas because of increased capillary pressure. Not accounting for increased capillary pressure in small pores can lead to inaccurate estimates of ultimate recovery, and of saturation pressures. In this paper, capillary pressure is coupled with phase equilibrium equations, and the resulting system of nonlinear fugacity equations is solved to present a comprehensive examination of the effect of small pores on saturation pressures and fluid densities. Binary mixtures of methane with heavier hydrocarbons and a real reservoir fluid from the Bakken shale are considered.
The results show that accounting for the impact of small pore throats on pressure/volume/temperature (PVT) properties explains the inconsistent gas/oil-ratio (GOR) behavior, high flowing bottomhole pressures, and low gas-flow rate observed in the tight Bakken formation. The small pores decrease bubble-point pressures and either decrease or increase dew-point pressures, depending on which part of the two-phase envelope is examined. Large capillary pressure also decreases the oil density in situ, which affects the oil formation volume factor and ultimate reserves calculations. A good history match for wells in the middle Bakken formation is obtained only after considering a suppressed bubblepoint pressure. The results show that the change in saturation pressures, fluid densities, and viscosities is highly dependent on the values of interfacial tension (IFT) (capillary pressure) used in the calculations.
Use of Peritoneal Dialysis in AKI
Authors: Chionh Chang Yin , Soni Sachin S. , Finkelstein Fredric O. , Ronco Claudio , Cruz Dinna N. 
Published: July 2013

Summary

Background and objectives
The role of peritoneal dialysis in the management of AKI is not well defined, although it remains frequently used, especially in low-resource settings. A systematic review was performed to describe outcomes in AKI treated with peritoneal dialysis and compare peritoneal dialysis with extracorporeal blood purification, such as continuous or intermittent hemodialysis.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched in July of 2012. Eligible studies selected were observational cohort or randomized adult population studies on peritoneal dialysis in the setting of AKI. The primary outcome of interest was all-cause mortality. Summary estimates of odds ratio were obtained using a random effects model.

Results
Of 982 citations, 24 studies (n=1556 patients) were identified. The overall methodological quality was low. Thirteen studies described patients (n=597) treated with peritoneal dialysis only; pooled mortality was 39.3%. In 11 studies (7 cohort studies and 4 randomized trials), patients received peritoneal dialysis (n=392, pooled mortality=58.0%) or extracorporeal blood purification (n=567, pooled mortality=56.1%). In the cohort studies, there was no difference in mortality between peritoneal dialysis and extracorporeal blood purification (odds ratio, 0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.53 to 1.71). In four randomized trials, there was also no difference in mortality (odds ratio, 1.50; 95% confidence interval, 0.46 to 4.86); however, heterogeneity was significant (I
2=73%, P=0.03).

Conclusions
There is currently no evidence to suggest significant differences in mortality between peritoneal dialysis and extracorporeal blood purification in AKI. There is a need for good-quality evidence in this important area.
Elevated Subclinical Double-Stranded DNA Antibodies and Future Proliferative Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Olson Stephen W. , Lee Jessica J. , Prince Lisa K. , Baker Thomas P. , Papadopoulos Patricia , Edison Jess , Abbott Kevin C. 
Published: July 2013

Summary

Background and objectives
Elevated anti–double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibody and C-reactive protein are associated with proliferative lupus nephritis (PLN). Progression of quantitative anti-dsDNA antibody in patients with PLN has not been compared with that in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) without LN before diagnosis. The temporal relationship between anti-dsDNA antibody and C-reactive protein elevation has also not been evaluated.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
This case-control Department of Defense Serum Repository (established in 1985) study compared longitudinal prediagnostic quantitative anti-dsDNA antibody and C-reactive protein levels in 23 patients with biopsy-proven PLN (Walter Reed Army Medical Center, 1993–2009) with levels in 21 controls with SLE but without LN matched for patient age, sex, race, and age of serum sample. The oldest (median, 2601 days; 25%, 1245 days, 75%, 3075 days), the second to last (368; 212, 635 days), and the last (180; 135, 477 days) serum sample before diagnosis were analyzed.

Results
More patients with PLN had an elevated anti-dsDNA antibody level than did the matched controls at any point (78% versus 5%; P<0.001), <1 year (82% versus 8%; P<0.001), 1–4 years (53% versus 0%; P<0.001), and >4 years (33% versus 0%; P=0.04) before diagnosis. A rate of increase >1 IU/ml per year (70% versus 0%; P<0.001) was most specific for PLN. The anti-dsDNA antibody levels increased before C-reactive protein did in most patients with an antecedent elevation (92% versus 8%; P<0.001).

Conclusions
Elevated anti-dsDNA antibody usually precedes both clinical and subclinical evidence of proliferative LN, which suggests direct pathogenicity. Absolute anti-dsDNA antibody level and rate of increase could better establish risk of future PLN in patients with SLE.
The Serum Anion Gap in the Evaluation of Acid-Base Disorders
Authors: Kraut Jeffrey A. , Nagami Glenn T. 
Published: July 2013

Summary
The serum anion gap has been utilized to identify errors in the measurement of electrolytes, to detect paraproteins, and, most relevant to the nephrologist, to evaluate patients with suspected acid-base disorders. In regard to the latter purpose, traditionally an increased anion gap is identified when it exceeds the upper limit of normal for a particular clinical laboratory measurement. However, because there is a wide range of normal values (often 8–10 mEq/L), an increase in anion concentration can be present in the absence of an increased anion gap. In addition, the type of retained anion can affect the magnitude of the increase in anion gap relative to change in serum [HCO3
−] being greater with lactic acidosis compared with ketoacidosis. This review examines the methods of calculation of the serum anion gap in textbooks and published literature, the effect of perturbations other than changes in acid-base balance, and its effectiveness in identifying mild and more severe disturbances in acid-base balance. Limitations of the present methods of determining the normal anion gap and change in the anion gap are highlighted. The possibility of identifying the baseline value for individuals to optimize the use of the calculation in the detection of metabolic acidosis is suggested.
Factors Associated with Initiation of Chronic Renal Replacement Therapy for Patients with Kidney Failure
Authors: Faruque Labib I. , Hemmelgarn Brenda R. , Wiebe Natasha , Manns Braden J. , Ravani Pietro , Klarenbach Scott , Pelletier Rick , Tonelli Marcello 
Published: July 2013

Summary

Background and objectives
Patients with kidney failure sometimes do not receive chronic renal replacement therapy (RRT), even though this may reduce their life expectancy. This study aimed to identify factors associated with initiation of chronic RRT.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
This cohort study was conducted with Albertans aged >18 years between May 2002 and March 2009, using linked data from the provincial renal programs, clinical laboratories, and provincial health ministry. This study focused on those who developed kidney failure, defined by an estimated GFR (eGFR) <15 ml/min per 1.73 m2 at last measurement during follow-up, together with prior CKD (eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 at least 90 days earlier). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine factors significantly associated with initiation of chronic RRT.

Results
In total, 7901 participants had eGFR <15 ml/min per 1.73 m2 at last measurement. After adjustment, older participants were less likely to initiate chronic RRT. Remote residence location, dementia, and metastatic cancer also decreased the likelihood of initiating RRT. The cumulative probability of initiating RRT during follow-up was 76.8% for urban-dwelling men aged <50 years without comorbidity, but was only 3.2% among remote-dwelling women aged ≥70 years with dementia and metastatic cancer. In contrast, patients with diabetes and heavy/severe proteinuria were more likely to initiate chronic RRT.

Conclusions
There is substantial variability in the likelihood of RRT initiation for patients with eGFR <15 ml/min per 1.73 m2. Further studies are needed to delineate factors that influence this outcome.