bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel method of data analysis for utilization of red blood cell transfusion
Authors: Frank Steven M. , Resar Linda M.S. , Rothschild James A. , Dackiw Elizabeth A. , Savage Will J. , Ness Paul M. 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundA necessary component of an effective blood management program is the accurate and comprehensive collection and analysis of blood utilization data. This study describes innovative methods for analyzing and presenting data for red blood cell (RBC) utilization that compare hemoglobin (Hb) transfusion triggers and targets to those representing the restrictive transfusion strategy advocated by previous large outcome studies.Study Design and MethodsFrom one institution, blood utilization data for 134,456 patients, 23,559 of whom were transfused with RBCs, were analyzed. Hb triggers and targets for transfused patients were plotted and graphically compared to the trigger and target ranges from previously published randomized clinical trials.ResultsNine hospital services with the highest transfusion rates were selected for analysis. The service with the highest Hb trigger and target was further analyzed by comparing transfusion thresholds for individual providers. Differences among services and among individual providers for mean Hb transfusion triggers and targets were significant (up to 1.5 g/dL, p < 0.0001). The variation between the 10th and 90th percentiles for both trigger and target was also significant (up to 3 g/dL, p < 0.0001). If a restrictive transfusion strategy were implemented, the need for transfusion would be reduced or eliminated in 10% to 50% of patients, depending on the service and the individual provider.ConclusionBy using these methods for analyzing and presenting RBC utilization data, opportunities can be identified for blood conservation, and educational efforts can be directed toward the appropriate individual hospital services and providers.
On the Use of International Commodity Futures Spread for Forecasting China's Net Imports of Commodities
Authors: Chen Tao , Wu Liang , Yan Isabel Kit‐Ming 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we show that the price spreads of copper and aluminium's futures in the London Metal Exchange (LME) and the Shanghai Futures Exchange (SHFE) have strong predictive power of China's net imports of the corresponding commodities 2 months later. The modified Diebold–Mariano test of Harvey et al. (International Journal of Forecasting, 13, 1997, 281) indicates that our futures‐based model significantly outperforms the ARIMA model and static model in terms of 1‐month‐ahead out‐of‐sample forecasts of net imports. Moreover, the market timing test of Clements (Evaluating Econometric Forecasts of Economic and Financial Variables, 2005, Palgrave Macmillan, Xxxxx) indicates that there is a significantly high correlation between the predicted signs of our model and the actual outcomes. When sorting all sign predictions according to the absolute magnitude of the out‐of‐sample movements, our proposed model achieves a 100 per cent forecasting accuracy for both copper and aluminium when predicting the largest movements at the top 10 percentile.
Five observations of a third morphologically distinct feline Demodex mite
Authors: Moriello Karen A. , Newbury Sandra , Steinberg Howard 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundFeline demodicosis is caused by infestation with Demodex cati and/or Demodex gatoi. These two mites have distinctive morphological appearances.ObjectivesTo describe five observations of a morphologically distinct feline Demodex mite in 10 cats. All cats were in or adopted from an animal shelter.ResultsA mite with blunted ends longer than D. gatoi but shorter than D. cati was observed in one or multiple cats from animal shelters. Mean mite size was 139 ± 4.5 μm (n = 41 mites). Similar features among the cases included a history of recent recovery or presence of concurrent illness at the time of diagnosis. Pruritus was variable. Hairs were easily epilated in large amounts, and mites were found on either skin scrapings or hair trichograms; mites were most commonly found on the proximal third of hairs examined via trichogram.Clinical importanceReports of this mite are uncommon but when present tend to be in cats with concurrent illnesses. Awareness of this mite morphology will hopefully provide other investigators with specimens for molecular testing to determine whether this is a third species or a variant of D. gatoi or D. cati.
Novel protease‐based diagnostic devices for detection of wound infection
Authors: Heinzle Andrea , Papen‐Botterhuis Nicole E. , Schiffer Doris , Schneider Konstantin P. , Binder Barbara , Schintler Michael , Haaksman Ingrid K. , Lenting Herman B. , Gübitz Georg M. , Sigl Eva 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA gelatinase‐based device for fast detection of wound infection was developed. Collective gelatinolytic activity in infected wounds was 23 times higher (p ≤ 0.001) than in noninfected wounds and blisters according to the clinical and microbiological description of the wounds. Enzyme activities of critical wounds showed 12‐fold elevated enzyme activities compared with noninfected wounds and blisters. Upon incubation of gelatin‐based devices with infected wound fluids, an incubation time of 30 minutes led to a clearly visible dye release. A 32‐fold color increase was measured after 60 minutes. Both matrix metalloproteinases and elastases contributed to collective gelatinolytic enzyme activity as shown by zymography and inhibition experiments. The metalloproteinase inhibitor 1,10‐phenanthroline (targeting matrix metalloproteinases) and the serine protease inhibitor phenylmethlysulfonyl fluoride (targeting human neutrophil elastase) inhibited gelatinolytic activity in infected wound fluid samples by 11–37% and 60–95%, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, both known for gelatinase production, were isolated in infected wound samples.
Topical application of the lectin Artin M accelerates wound healing in rat oral mucosa by enhancing TGF‐β and VEGF production
Authors: Kim Yeon J. , Carvalho Fernanda C. , Souza João A.C. , Gonçalves Pedro C.G. , Nogueira Andressa V.B. , Spolidório Luis C. , Roque‐Barreira Maria C. , Cirelli Joni A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe lectin Artin M has been shown to accelerate the wound‐healing process. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of Artin M on wound healing in the palatal mucosa of rats and to investigate the effects of Artin M on transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion by rat gingival fibroblasts. A surgical wound was created on the palatal mucosa of 72 rats divided into three groups according to treatment: C—Control (nontreated), A—Artin M gel, and V—Vehicle. Eight animals per group were sacrificed at 3, 5, and 7 days postsurgery for histology, immunohistochemistry and determination of the levels of cytokines, and growth factors. Gingival fibroblasts were incubated with 2.5 μg/mL of Artin M for 24, 48, and 72 hours. The expression of VEGF and TGF‐β was determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Histologically, at day 7, the Artin M group showed earlier reepithelialization, milder inflammatory infiltration, and increased collagen fiber formation, resulting in faster maturation of granular tissue than in the other groups (p < 0.05). Artin M–induced cell proliferation in vivo and promoted a greater expression of TGF‐β and VEGF in both experiments (p < 0.05). Artin M was effective in healing oral mucosa wounds in rats and was associated with increased TGF‐β and VEGF release, cell proliferation, reepithelialization, and collagen deposition and arrangement of fibers.
Insulin resistance impairs cutaneous wound healing in mice
Authors: Otranto Marcela , Nascimento Adriana Paulino do , Monte‐Alto‐Costa Andréa 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObesity is associated with significant changes in skin combined with metabolic alterations such as insulin resistance. Our aim was to investigate the effects of insulin resistance induced by a high‐fat diet on cutaneous wound healing. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed standard chow (SC group) or high‐fat chow (HFC group) for 30 weeks. On day 0 (28th week), an excisional wound was performed. After 14 days (30th week), the mice were euthanized. Starting from the 8th week, the HFC group had a higher body weight. The HFC group became intolerant to glucose, resistant to insulin, and presented increased plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels. The wound area was greater in the HFC group. The inflammatory infiltrate and the amount of “fibroblast‐like” cells increased in superficial regions of the lesions in the HFC group. The collagen fibers were more organized and denser in the SC group. Hydroxyproline levels were lower in the HFC group. The nitric oxide synthase‐2‐positive cells were higher in the HFC group. Lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl levels were higher in the HFC group. The expression levels of alpha‐smooth muscle actin and transforming growth factor‐β were higher in the HFC group. These findings support the hypothesis that insulin resistance leads to delayed cutaneous wound healing.
Interleukin‐10 reduces scar formation in both animal and human cutaneous wounds: Results of two preclinical and phase II randomized control studies
Authors: Kieran Ingrid , Knock Amanda , Bush James , So Karen , Metcalfe Anthony , Hobson Rosalind , Mason Tracey , O'Kane Sharon , Ferguson Mark 
Published: April 2013

AbstractCutaneous scarring affects up to 100 million people per annum. There is no effective scar reducing/preventing therapeutic developed to date. Interleukin (IL)‐10 is an anti‐inflammatory and antifibrotic cytokine. In the embryo it is important for scarless wound repair. We investigated the effect on wound healing and scarring of a double deletion of the IL‐10 and IL‐4 genes in a knockout (KO) mouse model, and also the effect of exogenous addition of recombinant human (rh) IL‐10 into rat and human cutaneous incisions. Mouse study: Two incisions were made on the dorsal skin of 20 double IL‐4/IL‐10 KO mice and 20 wild‐type (WT) controls. Rat study: Three concentrations of rhIL‐10 were investigated. Four incisions were made on the dorsal skin of 30 rats. Each rat received two concentrations. Each incision receiving a concentration of rhIL‐10 was matched with a control incision, which received either placebo or standard care. Human study: Eight concentrations of rhIL‐10 were investigated. Four incisions were made on each arm of 175 healthy volunteers. Four incisions received four different concentrations, which were matched with four control incisions that received either standard care or placebo. KO mice healed with poor scar histology and increased inflammation. rhIL‐10–treated rat incisions healed with decreased inflammation, better scar histology, and better macroscopic scar appearance. rhIL‐10–treated human incisions at low concentrations healed with better macroscopic scar appearance and less red scars. IL‐10 is an important cytokine in wound healing and its suppression of inflammation and scarring is demonstrated in mice and rats with a translational effect in humans.
Nitric oxide levels in wound fluid may reflect the healing trajectory
Authors: Bernatchez Stéphanie F. , Menon Vinod , Stoffel Joseph , Walters Shelley‐Ann H. , Lindroos William E. , Crossland Mary C. , Shawler Lisa G. , Crossland Stephen P. , Boykin Joseph V. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe analyzed nitric oxide metabolites (nitrate and nitrite, NOx) and other biomarkers in human wound fluids and correlated these markers with wound healing status (progressing or worsening) based on patient's wound history. Samples were collected pre‐ and postcleansing from patients with wounds of various etiologies and analyzed for NOx, matrix metalloproteinase activity, and elastase activity. A laboratory method was developed to analyze NOx which can detect at least 5 μM in samples as small as 10 μL. A nitrate‐free sample collection device was identified to match the sensitivity of this new assay (most “nitrate‐free” products tested contained nitrate levels higher than this detection limit when extracted in such a small volume). The correlation between pre‐ and postcleansing biomarker values, and the diagnostic potential of the biomarkers to wound progress were analyzed. Fifty wounds provided samples that were suitable for NOx analysis. The pre‐ and postcleansing values for NOx showed good correlation (r = 0.72); the correlation was not very strong for matrix metalloproteinase and elastase. Data analysis showed that NOx represents the best metabolite to discriminate between worsening and progressing wounds, and suggested that a two cut point diagnostic test using NOx is better than a single cut point test to identify progressing from worsening wounds.
Comparative wound healing—Are the small animal veterinarian's clinical patients an improved translational model for human wound healing research?
Authors: Volk Susan W. , Bohling Mark W. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDespite intensive research efforts into understanding the pathophysiology of both chronic wounds and scar formation, and the development of wound care strategies to target both healing extremes, problematic wounds in human health care remain a formidable challenge. Although valuable fundamental information regarding the pathophysiology of problematic wounds can be gained from in vitro investigations and in vivo studies performed in laboratory animal models, the lack of concordance with human pathophysiology has been cited as a major impediment to translational research in human wound care. Therefore, the identification of superior clinical models for both chronic wounds and scarring disorders should be a high priority for scientists who work in the field of human wound healing research. To be successful, translational wound healing research should function as an intellectual ecosystem in which information flows from basic science researchers using in vitro and in vivo models to clinicians and back again from the clinical investigators to the basic scientists. Integral to the efficiency of this process is the incorporation of models which can accurately predict clinical success. The aim of this review is to describe the potential advantages and limitations of using clinical companion animals (primarily dogs and cats) as translational models for cutaneous wound healing research by describing comparative aspects of wound healing in these species, common acute and chronic cutaneous wounds in clinical canine and feline patients, and the infrastructure that currently exists in veterinary medicine which may facilitate translational studies and simultaneously benefit both veterinary and human wound care patients.
The use of a polylactide‐based copolymer as a temporary skin substitute in deep dermal burns: 1‐year follow‐up results of a prospective clinical noninferiority trial
Authors: Selig Harald F. , Keck Maike , Lumenta David B. , Mittlböck Martina , Kamolz Lars P. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDeep dermal burns can be covered with different kind of materials and techniques; one of them is a polylactide‐based temporary skin substitute. The aim of this study was to intraindividually compare its 1‐year outcome with the results obtained by use of autologous skin grafts in patients suffering from deep dermal burns. A prospective noninferiority trial was designed in order to assess skin quality and scar formation by use of subjective (Vancouver Scar Scale; Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale) and objective (noninvasive cutometry) burn scar assessment tools. All items of the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale, except vascularity, were found to be noninferior in the areas covered with the temporary skin substitute vs. autologous skin. Results of objective scar evaluation showed comparable viscoelastic parameters without reaching noninferiority. Overall, the outcome of deep dermal burns covered with a polylactide‐based temporary skin substitute revealed satisfactory results in terms of scar formation and skin quality as compared with autologous skin. This paper supports its use in deep dermal burns, where autologous skin donor sites require either to be reserved for coverage of full‐thickness skin defects in severe burns or to be saved for reduction of additional morbidity in selected patient collectives.
Endothelial necrosis at 1 hour postburn predicts progression of tissue injury
Authors: Hirth Douglas , McClain Steve A. , Singer Adam J. , Clark Richard A. F. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBurn injury progression has not been well characterized at the cellular level. To define burn injury progression in terms of cell death, histopathologic spatiotemporal relationships of cellular necrosis and apoptosis were investigated in a validated porcine model of vertical burn injury progression. Cell necrosis was identified by high mobility group box 1 protein and apoptosis by Caspase 3a staining of tissue samples taken 1 hour, 24 hours, and 7 days postburn. Level of endothelial cell necrosis at 1 hour was predictive of level of apoptosis at 24 hours (Pearson's r = 0.87) and of level of tissue necrosis at 7 days (Pearson's r = 0.87). Furthermore, endothelial cell necrosis was deeper than interstitial cell necrosis at 1 hour (p < 0.001). Endothelial cell necrosis at 1 hour divided the zone of injury progression (Jackson's zone of stasis) into an upper subzone with necrotic endothelial cells and initially viable adnexal and interstitial cells at 1 hour that progressed to necrosis by 24 hours and a lower zone with initially viable endothelial cells at 1 hour but necrosis and apoptosis of all cell types by 24 hours. Importantly, this spatiotemporal series of events and rapid progression resembles myocardial infarction and stroke and implicates mechanisms of these injuries, ischemia, ischemia reperfusion, and programmed cell death in burn progression.
Taxonomic validity of species groups in the genus Akodon (Rodentia, Cricetidae)
Authors: Coyner Brandi S. , Braun Janet K. , Mares Michael A. , Van Den Bussche Ronald A. 
Published: April 2013

In an effort to evaluate the four Akodon species groups, phylogenetic relationships among individuals of the genus Akodon, selected from throughout South America, were examined using cytochrome b and a concatenated data set consisting of data from cytochrome b, exon 6 of the dentin matrix protein 1 and the nuclear intron thyrotropin. Both the cytochrome b data set and the combined data set were analysed under maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian criteria. Like previous studies, a monophyletic Akodon clade was recovered. Monophyly of the boliviensis and cursor groups was supported, and the two form a strongly supported sister relationship. Akodon azarae is basal to and forms a monophyletic group with the boliviensis + cursor clade, resolving the placement of A. azarae but leaving it unassignable to a current Akodon species group. The aerosus and varius groups are paraphyletic as four members of the varius group (A. glaucinus, A. simulator, A. tartareus and A. varius) fall within the aerosus group. Akodon lindberghi is formally placed in the cursor group. Akodon caenosus is recognized as a species distinct of A. lutescens, A. orientalis is recognized as a species distinct of A. orophilus, and A. aerosus, A. baliolus and A. surdus are recognized as three separate species. Based upon chronophylogenetic analysis, the initial divergence within Akodon likely began during the late Pliocene and ancestors of the four extant species groups (aerosus, boliviensis, cursor and dolores) appeared around the Pleistocene–Pliocene boundary or shortly thereafter.
Structure and Immunogenicity of the Rough-Type Lipopolysaccharide from the Periodontal Pathogen Tannerella forsythia
Authors: Posch Gerald , Andrukhov Oleh , Vinogradov Evgeny , Lindner Buko , Messner Paul , Holst Otto , Schäffer Christina 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTTannerella forsythiais a Gram-negative anaerobic organism that inhabits subgingival plaque biofilms and is covered with a so far unique surface layer composed of two glycoproteins. It belongs to the so-called “red complex” of bacteria comprising species that are associated with periodontal disease. While the surface layer glycoprotein glycan structure had been elucidated recently and found to be a virulence factor, no structural data on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of this organism were available. In this study, theT. forsythiaLPS structure was partially elucidated by a combined mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) approach and initial experiments to characterize its immunostimulatory potential were performed. TheT. forsythiaLPS is a complex, rough-type LPS with a core region composed of one 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) residue, three mannose residues, and two glucosamine residues. MS analyses of O-deacylated LPS proved that, in addition, one phosphoethanolamine residue and most likely one galactose-phosphate residue were present, however, their positions could not be identified. Stimulation of human macrophages withT. forsythiaLPS resulted in the production of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha in a dose-dependent manner. The response toT. forsythiaLPS was observed only upon stimulation in the presence of fetal calf serum (FCS), whereas no cytokine production was observed in the absence of FCS. This finding suggests that the presence of certain additional cofactors is crucial for the immune response induced byT. forsythiaLPS.
Orchid Fleck Virus Structural Proteins N and P Form Intranuclear Viroplasm-Like Structures in the Absence of Viral Infection
Authors: Kondo Hideki , Chiba Sotaro , Andika Ida Bagus , Maruyama Kazuyuki , Tamada Tetsuo , Suzuki Nobuhiro 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTOrchid fleck virus (OFV) has a unique two-segmented negative-sense RNA genome that resembles that of plant nucleorhabdoviruses. In infected plant cells, OFV and nucleorhabdoviruses induce an intranuclear electron-lucent viroplasm that is believed to be the site for virus replication. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism by which OFV viroplasms are producedin vivo. Among OFV-encoded proteins, the nucleocapsid protein (N) and the putative phosphoprotein (P) were present in nuclear fractions of OFV-infectedNicotiana benthamianaplants. Transient coexpression of N and P, in the absence of virus infection, was shown to be sufficient for formation of an intranuclear viroplasm-like structure in plant cells. When expressed independently as a fluorescent protein fusion product in uninfected plant cells, N protein accumulated throughout the cell, while P protein accumulated in the nucleus. However, the N protein, when coexpressed with P, was recruited to a subnuclear region to induce a large viroplasm-like focus. Deletion and substitution mutagenesis demonstrated that the P protein contains a nuclear localization signal (NLS). Artificial nuclear targeting of the N-protein mutant was insufficient for formation of viroplasm-like structures in the absence of P. A bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay confirmed interactions between the N and P proteins within subnuclear viroplasm-like foci and interactions of two of theN. benthamianaimportin-α homologues with the P protein but not with the N protein. Taken together, our results suggest that viroplasm formation by OFV requires nuclear accumulation of both the N and P proteins, which is mediated by P-NLS, unlike nucleorhabdovirus viroplasm utilizing the NLS on protein N.