bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Residual risk of transfusion‐transmitted hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection caused by blood components derived from donors with occult HBV infection in Japan
Authors: Taira Rikizo , Satake Masahiro , Momose Shun'ya , Hino Satoru , Suzuki Yoshiharu , Murokawa Hiroyuki , Uchida Shigeharu , Tadokoro Kenji 
Published: October 2012

BACKGROUND: Nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT) for hepatitis B virus (HBV) during blood screening has helped to prevent transfusion‐transmitted HBV infection (TT‐HBV) in Japan. Nevertheless, 4 to 13 TT‐HBV infections arise annually.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The Japanese Red Cross (JRC) analyzed repository samples of donated blood for TT‐HBV that was suspected through hemovigilance. Blood donations implicated in TT‐HBV infections were categorized as either window period (WP) or occult HBV infection (OBI) related. In addition, we analyzed blood from 4742 donors with low antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti‐HBc) and antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti‐HBs) titers using individual‐donation NAT (ID‐NAT) to investigate the relationship between anti‐HBc titer and proportion of viremic donors.RESULTS: Introduction of a more sensitive NAT method for screening minipools of 20 donations increased the OBI detection rate from 3.9 to 15.2 per million, while also the confirmed OBI transmission rate increased from 0.67 to 1.49 per million. By contrast the WP transmission rate decreased from 0.92 to 0.46 per million. Testing repository samples of donations missed by minipools of 20 donations NAT showed that 75 and 85% of TT‐HBV that arose from WP and OBI donations, respectively, would have been interdicted by ID‐NAT. The ID‐NAT trial revealed that 1.94% of donations with low anti‐HBc and anti‐HBs titers were viremic and that anti‐HBc titers and the frequency of viremia did not correlate.CONCLUSIONS: The JRC has elected to achieve maximal safety by discarding all units with low anti‐HBc and anti‐HBs titers that account for 1.3% of the total donations.
Bioimpedance analysis and cardiovascular status in pediatric patients on chronic hemodialysis
Authors: Paglialonga Fabio , Ardissino Gianluigi , Galli Maria A. , Scarfia Rosalia V. , Testa Sara , Edefonti Alberto 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBioimpedance analysis (BIA) is reported to be useful in assessing dry weight (DW) in patients on hemodialysis (HD), but its exact role has never been clearly defined. We reviewed our experience of using the BIA measure of reactance (Xc) in pediatric patients on chronic HD. Our approach is currently based on identifying a range of patient‐specific Xc values at which a child can be considered at DW according to a multidisciplinary assessment. Values lower than the patient‐specific limit suggests the need for a reduction in DW, whereas values higher than the limit suggest that DW should be increased. The accuracy of our approach was retrospectively assessed by analyzing the left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and the incidence of pulmonary edema (PE) in two groups: The first consisted of 13 patients (median age 15.6 years) on dialysis in 2007, before the introduction of the BIA‐based approach; the second included 18 patients (median 14.8 years) on dialysis in 2011. In 2007, three children experienced four episodes of PE, whereas no PE occurred in 2011. The median LVMI was 56.8 g/m2.7 in 2007, and 44.5 g/m2.7 in 2011 (P < 0.05). The percentage of patients with LV hypertrophy (LVMI>38.5 g/m2.7) was 92.3% in 2007 and 61.1% in 2011 (P < 0.05). There were no between‐group differences in terms of blood pressure, antihypertensive medications, percentage of symptomatic sessions, or biochemistry. In conclusion, a simple approach based on BIA may be useful in assessing DW in pediatric patients on HD, and thus improve their cardiovascular status.
Home hemodialysis: A successful option for obese and bariatric people with end‐stage kidney disease
Authors: Batt Jeni , Linton Kerry , Bennett Paul N. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe increasing prevalence of obesity in developed countries is reflected in the chronic kidney disease, dialysis, and transplant populations. The added risk factor of obesity increases the risk of vascular events, inflammation, insulin resistance, blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and mortality risk. Nephrology center policies may exclude obese people from transplantation programs resulting in many years of dialysis. The case of a 215‐kg Australian male who has successfully dialyzed at home for more than 8 years will be used to illustrate the important considerations and clinical support that these people require for successful home dialysis treatment. The aim of this paper is to report on a program that has successfully trained 23 obese (body mass index >30) people who commenced on home hemodialysis between 2001 and 2009. Body weight ranged between 94.0 and 215 kg (mean 126, SD 26.19) and body mass index ranged between 34.9 and 71 (mean 43.38, SD 9.99) at the start of home training. During the 8.5 years of follow‐up, average time on home dialysis was 43.7 months. Home hemodialysis is a feasible treatment for obese people to facilitate longer and more frequent dialysis, resulting in improved hemodynamic stability and improved quality of life. For obese people with end‐stage kidney disease, home hemodialysis has shown to be cost‐effective and can result in greater treatment efficacy than in‐center hospital dialysis.
Predictors of Parent Satisfaction in Pediatric Laceration Repair
Authors: Lowe David A. , Monuteaux Michael C. , Ziniel Sonja , Stack Anne M. 
Published: October 2012

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2012; 19:1166–1172 © 2012 by the Society for Academic Emergency MedicineAbstractObjectives:  Patient and parent satisfaction are important measures of quality of care. Data are lacking regarding satisfaction with emergency procedures, including laceration repair. The objective was to define the elements of care that are important to parents during a pediatric laceration repair and to determine the predictors of excellent parent satisfaction.Methods:  This was a cross‐sectional observational study of a convenience sample of patients younger than 18 years of age presenting for laceration repair to an urban tertiary care children’s hospital emergency department (ED). At the end of the ED visit, parents completed a survey developed for this study assessing ratings of their experience and their perception of how their child experienced the repair. Exploratory factor analysis was used to derive the factors comprising parents’ perception of the laceration repair process. A separate factor analysis was performed for the 0‐ to 4‐years age subgroup. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine which of these factors predicted excellent parent satisfaction with the visit, and also satisfaction with the procedure itself, adjusting for sociodemographic factors.Results:  A total of 408 parents returned completed surveys (response rate = 76%). Factor analysis revealed that three factors provided a summary of the 16 survey items. They were labeled “provider performance,”“anxiety and pain,” and “cosmetic appearance,” based on factor loading patterns. Provider performance was the only predictor of satisfaction with the visit (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 11.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 6.2 to 21.6). Provider performance (adjusted OR = 4.7; 95% CI = 3.1 to 7.2) and cosmetic appearance (adjusted OR 2.7; 95% CI = 1.7 to 4.2) predicted satisfaction with the procedure. Anxiety and pain did not predict either outcome.Conclusions:  Provider performance, which comprises the elements of physician communication, caring attitude, confidence, and hygiene, is the strongest predictor of excellent parent satisfaction for pediatric patients with ED visits for laceration repair.
Report of Findings in a DSM-5 Field Trial for Hypersexual Disorder
Authors: Reid Rory C. , Carpenter Bruce N. , Hook Joshua N. , Garos Sheila , Manning Jill C. , Gilliland Randy , Cooper Erin B. , McKittrick Heather , Davtian Margarit , Fong Timothy 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria for hypersexual disorder (HD) have been proposed to capture symptoms reported by patients seeking help for out-of-control sexual behavior. The proposed criteria created by the DSM-5 Work Group on Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders require evaluation in a formal field trial.

Aim
This DSM-5 Field Trial was designed to assess the reliability and validity of the criteria for HD in a sample of patients seeking treatment for hypersexual behavior, a general psychiatric condition, or a substance-related disorder.

Method
Patients (N = 207) were assessed for psychopathology and HD by blinded raters to determine inter-rater reliability of the HD criteria and following a 2-week interval by a third rater to evaluate the stability of the HD criteria over time. Patients also completed a number of self-report measures to assess the validity of the HD criteria.

Main Outcome Measures
HD and psychopathology were measured by structured diagnostic interviews, the Hypersexual Behavior Inventory, Sexual Compulsivity Scale, and Hypersexual Behavior Consequences Scale. Emotional dysregulation and stress proneness were measured by facets on the NEO Personality Inventory—Revised.

Results
Inter-rater reliability was high and the HD criteria showed good stability over time. Sensitivity and specificity indices showed that the criteria for HD accurately reflected the presenting problem among patients. The diagnostic criteria for HD showed good validity with theoretically related measures of hypersexuality, impulsivity, emotional dysregulation, and stress proneness, as well as good internal consistency. Patients assessed for HD also reported a vast array of consequences for hypersexual behavior that were significantly greater than those diagnosed with a general psychiatric condition or substance-related disorder.

Conclusions
The HD criteria proposed by the DSM-5 Work Group on Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders appear to demonstrate high reliability and validity when applied to patients in a clinical setting among a group of raters with modest training on assessing HD.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Condom Use Among Chinese Monogamous Female Patients with Sexually Transmitted Infection in Hong Kong
Authors: Yan Jin , Lau Joseph T.F. , Tsui Hi-Yi , Gu Jing , Wang Zixin 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Monogamous female sexually transmitted infection (STI) patients are at high risk of recurrent STI, but there is no study investigating their risk behaviors.

Aim
We investigated the prevalence of male condom use and associated factors among monogamous STI female patients.

Main Outcome Measures
Independent variables included socio-demographic characteristics, STI history, nature of relationship, and cognitions (Health Belief Model). Dependent variables included the use of male condoms in the past two months and intention to use male condoms consistently in the future 6 months.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey using a structured questionnaire was conducted among STI female patients with only one male sex partner in the last 12 months and attended a major government STI clinic in Hong Kong.

Results
Among the 538 participants, 25.1% used condoms consistently (every time) during sex in the past 2 months, while 35.2% intended to do so in the next 6 months. A multiple stepwise logistic regression model identified three statistically significant factors associated with lower likelihoods of consistent condom use in the past 2 months: type of sole sex partner (cohabitant vs. husband: OR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.12 to 0.70; regular boyfriend vs. husband: OR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.30 to 0.91), being financially dependent (OR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.27 to 0.75), and partner’s dislike of condom use (OR = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.15 to 0.39). In a similar model, the same three factors were found to be significantly associated with the intention to use condoms consistently in the next 6 months. The low prevalence of intention to use condoms consistently in the future suggested that our study population might be victimized again. The impact of financially dependent relationships and men’s dislike of using condoms on condom use may operate through imbalanced gender power.

Conclusion
Interventions are greatly warranted and should increase risk awareness and empower this vulnerable population.
Tape Casting of Anode Supports for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells at Forschungszentrum Jülich
Authors: Schafbauer Wolfgang , Menzler, Norbert H. , Buchkremer Hans P. 
Published: October 2012

This contribution describes the development of tape casting for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) anode supports starting with the characterization of the powders and ending with manufacturing of cells for stack testing. After casting the support, full cells were prepared by screen printing and sintering of the functional layers. The results of single‐cell and stack tests of the novel SOFC will be discussed. The new cell showed excellent electrochemical performance in single‐cell tests with more than 1.5 A/cm2 (800°C, 0.7 V). Furthermore, stack tests showed no significant difference from earlier standard cells when operated at 800°C with a current density of 0.5 A/cm2.
Follow‐up study comparing necropsy rates and discrepancies between clinical and pathologic diagnoses at a veterinary teaching hospital: 2009 versus 1989 and 1999
Authors: Dank G. , Segev G. , Moshe D. , Kent M. S. 
Published: October 2012

OBJECTIVESA follow‐up, retrospective study to determine whether the proportion of discrepancies between clinical and pathological diagnoses made during 2009, 1999 and 1989 and the proportion of dogs necropsied have changed.METHODSMedical records of 148 hospitalised dogs that died or were euthanased in a veterinary medical teaching hospital during 2009 were reviewed. Clinical and pathological diagnoses were recorded, categorised and compared to historical controls using a data set of 623 dogs from a previous study.RESULTSThe proportion of discrepancies was significantly (P<0·001) lower in 2009 (14·9%), compared to both 1999 (37%) and 1989 (39·8%). There was also a significant (P<0·001) decrease in the number of necropsies performed during 2009 (21·4%) compared to both 1999 (48·4%) and 1989 (58·9%).CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThere was a marked improvement in the ante‐mortem diagnosis of patients in 2009 compared with both 1989 and 1999 as evidenced by the decrease in the proportion of discrepancies between the clinical and pathological diagnoses. Necropsies should still be regarded as a vital tool for teaching, determining the pathological basis of disease, identification of new and emerging diseases, and for an individual animal determining the cause of death.
Transient responses of fished populations to marine reserve establishment
Authors: White J. Wilson , Botsford Louis W. , Hastings Alan , Baskett Marissa L. , Kaplan David M. , Barnett Lewis A.K. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractImplementation of no‐take marine reserves is typically followed by monitoring to ensure that a reserve meets its intended goal, such as increasing the abundance of fished species. The factors affecting whether abundance will increase within a reserve are well characterized; however, those results are based on long‐term equilibria of population models. Here we use age‐structured models of a generic fish population to analyze the short‐term transient response. We show that it may take decades for a fished population to reach postreserve equilibrium. In the meantime, short‐term transient dynamics dominate. During the transient phase, population abundance could either remain unchanged, decrease, or exhibit single‐generation oscillations, regardless of the eventual long‐term result. Such transient dynamics are longer and more oscillatory for populations with heavier fishing, older ages at maturity, lower natural mortality rates, and lower larval connectivity. We provide metrics based on demographic data to describe the important characteristics of these postreserve transient dynamics.
Role of particle beam therapy in a trimodality approach to locally advanced non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Kesarwala Aparna H. , Grover Surbhi , Rengan Ramesh 
Published: October 2012

AbstractLung cancer accounts for nearly one‐fifth of all cancer deaths worldwide and is the most common cause of cancer‐related death in the United States. Outcomes for locally advanced non‐small cell lung cancer remain extremely poor with regards to both local control and overall survival. Modest gains in local control were obtained with the incorporation of multimodality treatment, including preoperative chemotherapy followed by surgical resection; combination chemoradiotherapy also improved survival, secondary to improved local control. While the natural progression to trimodality therapy resulted in superior local control, it did not translate to improved overall survival, secondary to increased toxicity. The additional morbidity is likely from radiation toxicity, the minimization of which will be crucial to the future success of trimodality therapy. One strategy to decrease toxicity is to utilize charged particles, such as protons, which deposit a high dose at the Bragg peak with a minimal dose beyond the peak, thereby reducing the dose to distal normal tissues. Trimodality therapy incorporating preoperative proton radiation therapy and chemotherapy, followed by surgery, is currently being evaluated as a potential strategy to achieve improved local control and overall survival in locally advanced non‐small cell lung cancer.
Involvement of gangliosides in the process of Cbp/PAG phosphorylation by Lyn in developing cerebellar growth cones
Authors: Sekino‐Suzuki Naoko , Yuyama Kohei , Miki Toshiaki , Kaneda Mizuho , Suzuki Hidenori , Yamamoto Naomasa , Yamamoto Tadashi , Oneyama Chitose , Okada Masato , Kasahara Kohji 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe association of gangliosides with specific proteins in the central nervous system was examined by coimmunoprecipitation with an anti‐ganglioside antibody. The monoclonal antibody to the ganglioside GD3 (R24) immunoprecipitated the Csk (C‐terminal src kinase)‐binding protein (Cbp). Sucrose density gradient analysis showed that Cbp of rat cerebellum was detected in detergent‐resistant membrane (DRM) raft fractions. R24 treatment of the rat primary cerebellar cultures induced Lyn activation and tyrosine phosphorylation of Cbp. Treatment with anti‐ganglioside GD1b antibody also induced tyrosine phosphorylation. Furthermore, over‐expressions of Lyn and Cbp in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells resulted in tyrosine 314 phosphorylation of Cbp, which indicates that Cbp is a substrate for Lyn. Immunoblotting analysis showed that the active form of Lyn and the Tyr314‐phosphorylated form of Cbp were highly accumulated in the DRM raft fraction prepared from the developing cerebellum compared with the DRM raft fraction of the adult one. In addition, Lyn and the Tyr314‐phosphorylated Cbp were highly concentrated in the growth cone fraction prepared from the developing cerebellum. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that Cbp and GAP‐43, a growth cone marker, are localized in the same vesicles of the growth cone fraction. These results suggest that Cbp functionally associates with gangliosides on growth cone rafts in developing cerebella.
1α,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D3‐liganded vitamin D receptor increases expression and transport activity of P‐glycoprotein in isolated rat brain capillaries and human and rat brain microvessel endothelial cells
Authors: Durk Matthew R. , Chan Gary N.Y. , Campos Christopher R. , Peart John C. , Chow Edwin C. Y. , Lee Eason , Cannon Ronald E. , Bendayan Reina , Miller David S. , Pang K. Sandy 
Published: October 2012

AbstractInduction of the multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1)/P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) by the vitamin D receptor (VDR) was investigated in isolated rat brain capillaries and rat (RBE4) and human (hCMEC/D3) brain microvessel endothelial cell lines. Incubation of isolated rat brain capillaries with 10 nM of the VDR ligand, 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] for 4 h increased P‐gp protein expression fourfold. Incubation with 1,25(OH)2D3 for 4 or 24 h increased P‐gp transport activity (specific luminal accumulation of NBD‐CSA, the fluorescent P‐gp substrate) by 25–30%. In RBE4 cells, Mdr1b mRNA was induced in a concentration‐dependent manner by exposure to 1,25(OH)2D3. Concomitantly, P‐gp protein expression increased 2.5‐fold and was accompanied by a 20–35% reduction in cellular accumulation of the P‐gp substrates, rhodamine 6G (R6G), and HiLyte Fluor 488‐labeled human amyloid beta 1‐42 (hAβ42). In hCMEC/D3 cells, a 3 day exposure to 100 nM 1,25(OH)2D3 increased MDR1 mRNA expression (40%) and P‐gp protein (threefold); cellular accumulation of R6G and hAβ42 was reduced by 30%. Thus, VDR activation up‐regulates Mdr1/MDR1 and P‐gp protein in isolated rat brain capillaries and rodent and human brain microvascular endothelia, implicating a role for VDR in increasing the brain clearance of P‐gp substrates, including hAβ42, a plaque‐forming precursor in Alzheimer's disease.
Incidence rates and trends of lip, oral and oro‐pharyngeal cancers in Portugal
Authors: Monteiro Luís S. , Antunes Luís , Bento Maria J. , Warnakulasuriya Saman 
Published: October 2012

ObjectivesTo analyse the trends and patterns of lip, oral and oro‐pharyngeal cancer incidence in Portugal between 1998 and 2007.Patients and MethodsData on lip, oral and oro‐pharyngeal cancers was collected from the databases maintained at the three main Regional Cancer Registries of Portugal (1998–2007). The data were analysed by gender, age and by site. Incidence rates were age standardized by the direct method, and joinpoint regression was used to estimate trends in incidence.ResultsDuring this 10‐year period, a total of 9623 cases of lip, oral and oropharynx cancers were reported, 7565 (78.6%) in males and 2058 (21.4%) in females. There was an increase in the age‐standardized incidence of oral cancers by 1.96% per year for both sexes grouped together and an increase of 4.34% per year for the female group. Oro‐pharyngeal cancer showed an increase incidence trend of 3.49% per year for both sexes grouped together and an increase of 3.49% per year for male group among the sites analysed. Lip cancer showed a decrease in its incidence rate.ConclusionIn view of rising trends, it is necessary to implement policies on oral cancer control by initiating campaigns on oral cancer awareness and screening and to harness political measures on tobacco and alcohol control for the Portuguese population.