bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fludarabine, busulfan, and melphalan conditioning regimen in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for adult patients with myeloid malignancies: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Jiang Jieling , Li Xiaofan , Wu Dong , Lu Quanyi , Miao Kourong , Wang Houcai , Li Xiaoping , Chen Yingnian , Zhou Shiyuan , Zhou Yali , Liao Guiping , Jiang Chuanhe , Yuan Xiaohong , Zhao Youshan , Chang Chunkang , Chen Jie , Zhu Han , Ma Ruye , Li Nainong , Yin Xiaolin , Wu Xiaojin , Wang Sanbin , Wang Chun , Hu Jiong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRelapse remains the main cause of treatment failure in patients with myeloid malignancies even after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT). We observed a particularly low incidence of relapse in patients prepared with fludarabine, busulfan and melphalan in our previous study and this multicenter retrospective analysis aimed to confirm the feasibility of the regimen and to identify the potential prognostic factors. This study was performed using registry data from adults patients with myeloid malignancies who underwent their first allo‐HSCT following fludarabine(≥100 mg/m2), busulfan (≥3.2 mg/kg) and melphalan (≥100 mg/m2) based conditioning at nine transplantation centers in China between Jan. 2020 and Mar. 2022. A total of 221 consecutive patients (AML n = 171, MDS‐IB‐1 or 2 n = 44, CMML n = 6) with median age of 46 were enrolled in this study. The median follow‐up was 507 days for survivors. The 2‐year NRM, CIR, OS and DFS were 10.6% ± 2.2%, 14.8% ± 3.3%, 79.4% ± 3.7% and 74.6% ± 3.7%, respectively. In multivariate analyses, high HCT‐CI (≥3) was the only independent factor for higher NRM [hazard ratio (HR), 2.96; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.11 to 7.90; p = 0.030] and ECOG score ≥2 was the only independent factor for inferior OS (HR, 2.43; 95%CI, 1.15 to 5.16; p = 0.020) and DFS (HR, 2.12; 95%CI, 1.13 to 4.02; p = 0.020). AML diagnosis and positive measurable residual disease (MRD) at transplantation were predictors for higher CIR (HR = 7.92, 95%CI 1.05‐60.03, p = 0.045; HR = 3.64, 95%CI 1.40‐9.44, p = 0.008; respectively), while post‐transplantation cyclophosphamide based graft‐versus‐host disease prophylaxis was associated with lower CIR (HR = 0.24 95%CI 0.11‐0.54, p = 0.001). The intensity of conditioning regimen did not impact CIR, NRM, DFS and OS. These results supported that double alkylating agents of busulfan and melphalan based conditioning regimens were associated with low relapse rate and acceptable NRM in adult patients with myeloid malignancies. The optimal dose remained to be confirmed by further prospective studies.
Brain Metabolite Differences in Fetuses With Cytomegalovirus Infection: A Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study
Authors: Sadan Or R. , Avisdris Netanell , Rabinowich Aviad , Link‐Sourani Daphna , Krajden Haratz Karina , Garel Catherine , Hiersch Liran , Ben Sira Liat , Ben Bashat Dafna 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundCytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common intrauterine infection and may be associated with unfavorable outcomes. While some CMV‐infected fetuses may show gross or subtle brain abnormalities on MRI, their clinical significance may be unclear. Conversely, normal development cannot be guaranteed in CMV‐infected fetuses with normal MRI.PurposeTo assess brain metabolite differences in CMV‐infected fetuses using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).Study typeRetrospective.SubjectsOut of a cohort of 149 cases, 44 with maternal CMV infection, amniocentesis results, and good‐quality MRS were included. CMV‐infected fetuses with positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (N = 35) were divided based on MRI results as follows: typical brain abnormalities (gross findings, N = 8), exclusive white matter hyperintense signal (WMHS) on T2‐weighted images (subtle findings, N = 7), and normal MRI (N = 20). Uninfected fetuses (negative PCR) with normal MRI were included as controls (N = 9).Field Strength3 T, T2‐weighted half Fourier single‐shot turbo spin‐echo (HASTE), T2‐weighted true fast imaging with steady‐state free precession (TrueFISP), T1‐ and T2*‐weighted fast low angle shot (FLASH), and 1H‐MRS single‐voxel point resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) sequences.AssessmentMRI findings were assessed by three radiologists, and metabolic ratios within the basal ganglia were calculated using LCModel.Statistical TestsAnalysis of covariance test with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons was used to compare metabolic ratios between groups while accounting for gestational age. A P‐value <0.05 was deemed significant.ResultsMRS was successfully acquired in 63% of fetuses. Substantial agreement was observed between radiologists (Fleiss' kappa [k] = 0.8). Infected fetuses with gross MRI findings exhibited significantly reduced tNAA/tCr ratios (0.64 ± 0.08) compared with infected fetuses with subtle MRI findings (0.85 ± 0.19), infected fetuses with normal MRI (0.8 ± 0.14) and controls (0.81 ± 0.15). No other significant differences were detected (P ≥ 0.261).ConclusionReduced tNAA/tCr within the apparently normal brain tissue was detected in CMV‐infected fetuses with gross brain abnormalities, suggesting extensive brain damage. In CMV‐infected fetuses with isolated WMHS, no damage was detected by MRS.Level of Evidence3Technical EfficacyStage 3
Different infliximab induction dosing regimens do not affect remission rates up to 1 year in children with Crohn's disease
Authors: Marshanski Tal , Fanous Eliana , Tal Noa , Perets Tsachi T. , Matar Manar , Weintraub Yael , Shamir Raanan , Shouval Dror S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesMultiple studies in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) treated with anti‐tumor necrosis factor alpha agents have shown that proactive therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) during the maintenance phase leads to improved outcomes. We aimed to assess whether accelerated (IFX) administration during induction resulted in improved outcomes.MethodsThis retrospective study included CD patients aged 5–17.9 years that were treated with IFX. We compared outcomes of patients treated during induction with 5–8 mg/kg dosing at Weeks 0, 2, 6, and 14 (Group 1), versus accelerated dosing (≥8 mg/kg and/or >4 infusions until Week 14, Group 2) of IFX. Primary outcome was steroid‐free clinical remission by Week 52.ResultsSixty‐eight patients were included, of whom seven discontinued IFX before Week 14, due to infusion reactions, immunogenic failure, or primary nonresponse. Comparison of Group 1 (n = 25) and Group 2 (n = 36) showed similar clinical characteristics, as well as inflammatory markers, at IFX initiation. Despite receiving significantly more IFX, and reaching a higher trough level by Week 14 (10.3 ± 1.2 vs. 3.3 ± 0.7, p < 0.001), the median Pediatric Crohn's disease Activity Index (PCDAI) was slightly higher in Group 2 versus Group 1 (14 [5–20] vs. 5 [0–15], p = 0.02). However, at Weeks 26 and 52 the PCDAI and inflammatory markers were comparable between the groups. Moreover, about 70% in both groups achieved the desirable trough IFX levels by Week 52.ConclusionAccelerated IFX dosing during induction did not result in improved outcomes up to 12 months follow‐up. Prospective studies are required to determine the exact timing in which proactive TDM should be applied.
The “Halo Appearance” of Shear Wave Elastography in the Setting of Fat Necrosis
Authors: Zech John R. , Burke Christopher J. , Hoda Syed T. , Adler Ronald S. 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveTo describe the morphologic sonographic appearances and frequency of the “halo sign” in the setting of fat necrosis on shear wave elastography (SWE).MethodsPatients with clinically suspected fat necrosis were prospectively scanned using SWE in addition to standard gray‐scale and Doppler images. Cases were qualitatively grouped into one of three sonographic appearances: focal hypoechoic lesion with increased internal tissue stiffness (“focal stiffness”), focal hypoechoic lesion with isoechoic or hyperechoic periphery demonstrating increased tissue stiffness relative to the central hypoechoic lesion (“halo stiffness”), heterogeneously echogenic lesion with diffusely increased stiffness (“heterogeneous stiffness”).ResultsExactly 19 patients met inclusion criteria (female n = 14; male n = 5). Shear wave velocities were recorded and retrospectively evaluated. The mean clinical follow‐up was 11.4 months (range 3.0–25.5). Lesions demonstrated higher average tissue stiffness than background tissue (overall mass shear wave velocity 3.26 m/s, background 1.42 m/s, P < .001; lesion Young's modulus 40.85 kPa vs background 7.22 kPa, P < .001). The halo sign was identified in 10/19 (55%) patients.ConclusionThe halo sign is a potentially useful sign in the setting of fat necrosis seen in the majority of clinically suspected cases.
Theoretical study on gas‐phase reactions during chemical vapor deposition of TixAl1–xN from TiCl4, AlCl3, and NH3
Authors: Sato Noboru , Yamaguchi Jun , Koto Masahiro , Kubo Hayato , Sugiyama Takanori , Tanibuchi Takahito , Deura Momoko , Momose Takeshi , Shimogaki Yukihiro 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFcc‐TixAl1–xN (TiAlN) coatings synthesized via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reduce cutting tool wear. Although CVD conditions reportedly influence coating quality, no quantitative guidelines are yet available. To quantitatively study the film‐forming mechanism of TiAlN CVD, the gas composition over the surface must be known. Therefore, we developed a gas‐phase elementary reaction model for TiAlN CVD derived from TiCl4/AlCl3/NH3. First, we constructed a novel thermodynamic dataset including molecules that contained both Ti and Al, and calculated the equilibrium composition. Thermal equilibrium calculations in the gas phase showed that the most stable species were AlCl3 and TiCl3 rather than TiCl4. An elementary reaction model was constructed based on the kinetics of the gas‐phase species that were generated. Kinetic analysis revealed that gas‐phase reactions were largely absent under our reactor conditions. The thermal equilibrium calculations indicated that TiCl4 may have given rise to TiCl3. Thus, other reaction pathways of TiCl4 to TiCl3 were explored. We calculated the reaction rate constants of 12 reactions of Ti species and added them to the model, which revealed that TiCl4 decomposed to TiCl3 via TiCl3NH2. Under our conditions, TiCl4 and TiCl3NH2 are the major Ti species and AlCl3 and AlCl2NH2 are the major Al species, which suggests that some of these species may form films. Unlike in the earlier reaction model, NH2 and H radicals were produced, which may have contributed to the surface reactions. For reactors with large Surface/Volume ratio of reactor, the effects of gas‐phase reactions should be considered. Our reaction model enables estimation of the partial pressures of reactor gas species and will therefore aid study of the TiAlN deposition mechanism.
Surgical Nonresponders in Zenker Diverticulum and Lower Esophageal Pathology (POUCH Collaborative)
Authors: Brown Johnathan , McCoy Nicole , Allen Jacqui , Altaye Mekibib , Amin Milan , Bayan Semirra , Belafsky Peter , DeSilva Brad , Dion Greg , Ekbom Dale , Friedman Aaron , Fritz Mark , Giliberto John Paul , Guardiani Elizabeth , Johnson Christopher , Kasperbauer Jan , Kim Brandon , Krekeler Brittany N. , Kuhn Maggie , Kwak Paul , Ma Yue , Madden Lyndsay L. , Matrka Laura , Mayerhoff Ross , Piraka Cyrus , Rosen Clark A. , Tabangin Meredith , Wahab Shaun , Wilson Keith , Wright Carter , Young VyVy N. , Postma Gregory , Howell Rebecca J. 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveTo identify characteristics of patients who have poor improvement in symptoms following surgical management of Zenker Diverticulum (ZD).MethodsProspective, multicenter cohort study of all individuals enrolled in the Prospective OUtcomes of Cricopharyngeus Hypertonicity (POUCH) Collaborative who underwent surgical repair of ZD between August 2017 and January 2024. Patient demographics, esophagrams, and the 10‐item Eating Assessment Tool (EAT‐10) pre‐ and post‐procedure were obtained from a REDCap database. t‐tests, Wilcoxon rank sum tests, Chi‐square or Fisher's exact tests were used to compare the characteristics. Patients with <50% improvement in their EAT‐10 scores were deemed surgical nonresponders (SNRs). Those with ≥50% improvement in their EAT‐10 scores were deemed surgical responders (SRs).ResultsA total of 184 patients were prospectively followed after undergoing either open or endoscopic surgical management. Twenty‐two patients (12%) were deemed SNRs. Preoperative presence of a hiatal hernia was statistically significant characteristic between the SNRs (63.6%) and SRs (32.1%) (p = 0.004). Size of the ZD and history of previous ZD surgery was not a significant characteristic. The length of stay and complication rate were not statistically different between the groups.ConclusionCoexistent esophageal pathology may lead to poor symptomatic improvement following ZD surgery. Preoperative workup of other esophageal disorders is recommended to detect likely SNRs. For SNRs, further esophageal workup may be necessary to evaluate for other esophageal causes related to poor symptomatic improvement following ZD surgery.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:4897–4902, 2024
Significance and the Use of Legumes in Developing Weaning Foods With a Balanced Nutrition—A Review
Authors: Anwar Rimsha , Borbi Makafui , Rakha Allah 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTWeaning is a crucial stage in an infant's development when they gradually move from being breastfed to receiving complementary foods. The typical age for introducing weaning foods is 4–6 months. This period is often characterized by rapid weight gain, so proper nutrition essential for optimal growth and development. Foods with a balanced nutrition are very important for regulating metabolism for healthy growth of children. Cereal grains and legumes have a major role in both commercial and homemade weaning foods. In developing countries, cereals and legumes are the optimal choices for producing nutrient‐dense, high‐protein, and high‐energy weaning foods. It is crucial to research and develop composite legume blends for their expanded utilization as weaning foods. Understanding the importance of complementary foods and introducing them appropriately are critical to the health and development of the infant. Furthermore, fortification and supplementation with minerals and vitamins can play a vital role in such foods. This article provides an overview of recommendations made by health authorities in relation to the onset of weaning, types/combination of foods, and infant dietary requirements and highlights the importance of including legumes in the weaning diet to address nutrient deficiencies, particularly in regions with high rates of malnutrition.
Gray‐tone appearances on 4‐hour delayed gadolinium‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging indicate severe inner ear pathology and symptoms in sudden sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Koizumi Toshizo , Seo Toru , Saito Kazuya , Fujita Hiroto , Kitahara Tadashi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveHybrid of reversed image of positive endolymph signal and negative image of perilymph signal (HYDROPS) in delayed gadolinium‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) typically depicts normal inner ear as “white‐tone” and endolymphatic hydrops as “black‐transparent” appearances, whereas ears with auditory and vestibular disorders are occasionally depicted as “gray‐tone.” This study aimed to investigate the pathological basis of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) patients with “gray‐tone” appearances on HYDROPS.MethodsDelayed gadolinium‐enhanced MRI examinations were conducted on 29 subjects with unilateral SSNHL. We mainly analyzed positive perilymph image (PPI) and positive endolymph image (PEI), which were components HYDROPS.ResultsOn PPI, signal intensity (SI) values extracted from the cochlear and vestibular region of interest (ROI) were higher in the SSNHL ears with dizziness/vertigo symptom at the first visit compared to the healthy ear. Additionally, the PPI/PEI enhancement pattern in the vestibule was associated with a high prevalence of hearing and vestibular deteriorations at the first visit and poor hearing improvement after treatment.ConclusionEnhancement on PPI/PEI may result from leakage of gadolinium into the inner ear following breakdown of the blood‐labyrinth barrier, with high SI being correlated with the amount of leakage. Particularly, a significant leakage into the endolymphatic space, defined as PPI+/PEI+, indicates severe inner ear pathology. Ultimately, we emphasize that the “gray‐tone” appearance in the inner ear on HYDROPS comprises enhancements on both PPI and PEI and propose a new classification for evaluating SSNHL Peri‐ and Endolymphatic image Enhancement pattern in Delayed gadolinium‐enhanced MRI (SPEED).Level of Evidence4.
Utility of chest x‐ray for tracheostomy tube placement in pediatric patients
Authors: Zhao Oliver S. , Peterson April , Patel Kalpnaben , Wilcox Lyndy 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the utility of ordering chest x‐rays after pediatric tracheostomy tube placement in identifying acute, post‐operative complications and how it impacts clinical decision‐making.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, we identified tracheostomies performed in 139 pediatric patients through CPT codes over a 5‐year period from 2013 to 2018. Manual chart review was performed for demographic and clinical characteristics, pre‐procedure and post‐procedure chest x‐ray interpretations, and the presence of complications. Each complication was reviewed to see if action was taken due to post‐procedure chest x‐ray findings. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine associations with changes in pre‐procedure versus post‐procedure chest x‐rays.ResultsIn a cohort of 139 pediatric patients with pre‐procedure and post‐procedure chest x‐rays, 40 (28.8%) of patients had new significant post‐procedure chest x‐ray findings compared to pre‐procedure chest x‐ray findings. Of these 40 instances of changes in pre‐procedure versus post‐procedure chest x‐ray findings, only eight resulted in action being taken due to the observed findings. Among these eight instances of action being taken, only one instance involved in invasive action being taken with a bronchoscopy. With multivariable regression analysis, patient age, race, gender, and the presences of genetic syndromes, were not found to be significant risk factors in predicting changes in pre‐procedure versus post‐procedure chest x‐ray.ConclusionIn our study, post‐procedure chest x‐ray after tracheostomy tube placement did not significantly impact clinical decision making. It may be worth reconsidering the value in routine chest x‐rays after tracheostomy tube placement in pediatric patients.
Transverse Inscription of Silicon Waveguides by Picosecond Laser Pulses
Authors: Blothe Markus , Alberucci Alessandro , Alasgarzade Namig , Chambonneau Maxime , Nolte Stefan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this work, picosecond laser inscription of segmented waveguides in crystalline silicon based on a deterministic single‐pulse modification process is demonstrated. Pulses of 43 ps duration at 1.55 wavelength are used to transversely inscribe periodic structures with a pulse‐to‐pulse pitch of ≈2 . Infrared shadowgraphy images and Raman spectroscopy measurements indicate that the modifications exhibit a spherical shape. Characterization of waveguide performance at 1.55 for various pulse energies and periods is carried out. Direct comparison with numerical simulations confirms the presence of graded index waveguides, encompassing a micrometer core size and a maximum refractive index change of . This short‐pulse inscription approach can pave the way for 3D integrated photonic devices in the bulk of silicon.
Chemical space exploration with Molpher: Generating and assessing a glucocorticoid receptor ligand library
Authors: Agea M. Isabel , Čmelo Ivan , Dehaen Wim , Chen Ya , Kirchmair Johannes , Sedlák David , Bartůněk Petr , Šícho Martin , Svozil Daniel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractComputational exploration of chemical space is crucial in modern cheminformatics research for accelerating the discovery of new biologically active compounds. In this study, we present a detailed analysis of the chemical library of potential glucocorticoid receptor (GR) ligands generated by the molecular generator, Molpher. To generate the targeted GR library and construct the classification models, structures from the ChEMBL database as well as from the internal IMG library, which was experimentally screened for biological activity in the primary luciferase reporter cell assay, were utilized. The composition of the targeted GR ligand library was compared with a reference library that randomly samples chemical space. A random forest model was used to determine the biological activity of ligands, incorporating its applicability domain using conformal prediction. It was demonstrated that the GR library is significantly enriched with GR ligands compared to the random library. Furthermore, a prospective analysis demonstrated that Molpher successfully designed compounds, which were subsequently experimentally confirmed to be active on the GR. A collection of 34 potential new GR ligands was also identified. Moreover, an important contribution of this study is the establishment of a comprehensive workflow for evaluating computationally generated ligands, particularly those with potential activity against targets that are challenging to dock.
Approximation error estimates by noise‐injected neural networks
Authors: Akiyama Keito 
Published: July 2024

One‐hidden‐layer feedforward neural networks are described as functions having many real‐valued parameters. Approximation properties of neural networks are established (universal approximation property), and the approximation error is related to the number of parameters in the network. The essentially optimal order of approximation error bounds was already derived in 1996. We focused on the numerical experiment that indicates the neural networks whose parameters contain stochastic perturbations gain better performance than ordinary neural networks and explored the approximation property of neural networks with stochastic perturbations. In this paper, we derived the quantitative order of variance of stochastic perturbations to achieve the essentially optimal approximation order and verified the justifiability of our theory by numerical experiments.