bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy and Malaria Exposure Are Associated with Changes in the B Cell Pool and in Plasma Eotaxin Levels
Authors: Requena Pilar , Campo Joseph J. , Umbers Alexandra J. , Ome Maria , Wangnapi Regina , Barrios Diana , Robinson Leanne J. , Samol Paula , Rosanas-Urgell Anna , Ubillos Itziar , Mayor Alfredo , López Marta , de Lazzari Elisa , Arévalo-Herrera Myriam , Fernández-Becerra Carmen , del Portillo Hernando , Chitnis Chetan E. , Siba Peter M. , Bardají Azucena , Mueller Ivo , Rogerson Stephen , Menéndez Clara , Dobaño Carlota 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPregnancy triggers immunological changes aimed to tolerate the fetus, but its impact on B lymphocytes is poorly understood. In addition, exposure to the Plasmodium parasite is associated with altered distribution of peripheral memory B cell (MBC) subsets. To study the combined impact of high malaria exposure and pregnancy in B cell subpopulations, we analyzed PBMCs from pregnant and nonpregnant individuals from a malaria-nonendemic country (Spain) and from a high malaria-endemic country (Papua New Guinea). In the malaria-naive cohorts, pregnancy was associated with a significant expansion of all switched (IgD−) MBC and a decrease of naive B cells. Malaria-exposed women had more atypical MBC and fewer marginal zone–like MBC, and their levels correlated with both Plasmodium vivax– and Plasmodium falciparum–specific plasma IgG levels. Classical but not atypical MBC were increased in P. falciparum infections. Moreover, active atypical MBC positively correlated with proinflammatory cytokine plasma concentrations and had lower surface IgG levels than the average. Decreased plasma eotaxin (CCL11) levels were associated with pregnancy and malaria exposure and also correlated with B cell subset frequencies. Additionally, active atypical and active classical MBC expressed higher levels of eotaxin receptor CCR3 than the other B cell subsets, suggesting a chemotactic effect of eotaxin on these B cell subsets. These findings are important to understand immunity to infections like malaria that result in negative outcomes for both the mother and the newborn and may have important implications on vaccine development.
Cytological study of palpable breast lumps presenting in an Indian rural setup
Authors: Sankaye Smita Balwantrao , Dongre Suyrakant Dattatreya 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Introduction: Benign as well as malignant breast lesions are quite common in Indian population. It is the second most common cancer site after cancer cervix. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is safe, reliable, and time saving outdoor procedure with little discomfort to the patient. FNAC is useful in diagnosis and further planning of treatment without need for biopsy. The current study was carried out with aims of studying the frequency of various breast lesions on FNAC in a rural area in India and its histopathological correlation. Materials and Methods: This was 2 years prospective study carried out from May 2010 to April 2012. Physical examination of breast mass by palpation was done. Smears were stained with May-Grunwald Giemsa and Papanicolaou stain. Results: Of the 225 cases, 131 were in the benign category and 65 belonged to the malignant category, while the cytology study of 13 cases was unsatisfactory. Seventy-six cases were available for histological correlation. Of 29 cytological benign cases, 26 were confirmed as benign, but 3 turned out to be malignant. Out of 36 cytological malignant cases, 35 were confirmed as malignant. FNAC was 88.37% sensitive and 96.42% specific in diagnosing malignant lesions. Conclusion: Fine-needle aspiration cytology is a rapid and effective method for the primary categorization of palpable breast lumps into benign, malignant, atypical, suspicious, and unsatisfactory categories. Benign breast lesions are common than malignant lesions. Histological correlation indicated FNAC to be a good diagnostic tool.
Spectrum of nonhematological pediatric tumors: A clinicopathologic study of 385 cases
Authors: Punia Rajpal Singh , Mundi Irneet , Kundu Reetu , Jindal Geetanjali , Dalal Usha , Mohan Harsh 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study is to understand the epidemiology of tumors in children in our region due to a paucity of studies on the histologic review of the childhood tumors in general and benign tumors in particular. Materials and Methods: The records of all the tumors diagnosed histopathologically in children <14 years of age during a period of 8-year (2005-2012) were reviewed. Results: A total of 385 tumors were seen in the age range of 1 month-14 years with 231 (60%) in boys and 154 (40%) in girls. Highest number of cases, 224 (58.18%) were in the age group of 10-14 years. Benign tumors comprised 275 (71.43%) cases while the malignant tumors accounted for 110 (28.57%) cases. In benign tumors, vascular tumors were in majority with 68 cases, while in malignant category bone tumors were most common with 36 cases. Conclusions: Although the exact incidence rate cannot be provided by this hospitalbased study, the information is useful in showing patterns of childhood tumors. We included both benign and malignant tumors, while most of the studies in the past have focused mainly on malignant tumors in children
American Society of Clinical Oncology 2014: Updates in breast and gastrointestinal cancers
Authors: Dawood Shaheenah 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe last two decades have been very exciting in the realm of breast and GI oncology with a plethora of new information that has significantly impacted clinical practice. From the use of anti HER 2 agents in both the adjuvant and metastatic settings of breast cancer to the use of anti EGFR agents in the metastatic setting of colorectal cancer we have seen some significant advances in the treatment of these diseases. This year at ASCO 2014 data were presented that attempted to answer important clinical questions faced by a community oncologist in the clinic. This review focuses on important data presented for both breast and GI cancer.
Solid pseudo papillary tumor of pancreas: Presenting as acute abdomen in a female child
Authors: Pattanshetti Vishwanath M. , Vinchurkar Kumar , Pattanshetti Sheetal V. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSolid pseudo papillary tumor (SPT) or Frantz′s tumor is a slow-growing low-grade malignant tumor, commonly seen in young patients with a female predominance, which is commonly located in the body and tail of the pancreas. We report a case of SPT arising from the body of the pancreas in a 12-year-old girl who presented with acute abdomen and was treated successfully by local excision of the tumor with preservation of head of pancreas and spleen.
INFLUÊNCIA DAS REDES SOCIAIS DE APOIO PARA NUTRIZES ADOLESCENTES NO PROCESSO DE AMAMENTAÇÃO
Authors: Mazza Verônica De Azevedo , Nunes Regina Célia Tanaka , Tararthuch Rafaela Zilli Palmeiro , Alexandre Ana Maria Cosvoski , Patel Jaqueline Vicentin 
Published: August 2014

Objetivou-se investigar a influência das redes sociais de apoio no processo de amamentação de nutrizes adolescentes. Pesquisa exploratória de abordagem qualitativa, realizada em município da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba, em três Unidades de Saúde com Estratégia de Saúde da Família, no período de setembro à outubro de 2011. Foram entrevistadas nove adolescentes por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e os dados analisados por análise categorial temática. Elencaramse duas categorias: Influência da Rede Social de Apoio Primária e Influência da Rede Social de Apoio Secundária. A Rede Primária é caracterizada por familiares e pessoas próximas, com especial participação das mulheres. As instituições e profissionais da saúde compõem a rede secundária, esta direcionada para a educação em saúde e incentivo à prática do aleitamento materno. A interação entre os profissionais, nutriz e sua família é importante, pois propicia ações mais eficazes para a promoção do aleitamento materno, em consonância com a realidade.
De aanvulling en verbetering van uitspraken – een onderzoek naar het toepassingsbereik van art. 31 en 32 Rv
Authors: Fruytier P.A. , van Gardingen L.V. 
Published: August 2014

De aanvulling en verbetering van uitspraken – een onderzoek naar het toepassingsbereik van art. 31 en 32 Rv
In dit artikel zoeken de auteurs aan de hand van de systematiek van art. 31 en 32 Rv en de daaraan ten grondslag liggende beginselen naar de grenzen van deze bepalingen. Zij gaan vervolgens in op een aantal grensgevallen: (a) reparatie van apparaatsfouten, (b) verbetering van eigen rechtsoverwegingen door de Hoge Raad en (c) aanvulling door de rechter van gemiste gronden en weren. Voor fatale apparaatsfouten pleiten de auteurs voor aanvaarding van een termijn van veertien dagen na de uitspraak waarbinnen partijen de rechter op de fout kunnen wijzen. De andere grensgevallen kunnen volgens hen deels onder de werking van art. 31 Rv en/of art. 32 Rv gebracht worden.
De gevolgtrekking die hij geraden acht
Authors: Seinen C.J-A. 
Published: August 2014

De gevolgtrekking die hij geraden acht
In deze bijdrage worden uitspraken van na 1 januari 2012 besproken waarin schending van de waarheidsplicht aan de orde is. Na een korte schets van de visies van wetgever, Hoge Raad en literatuur op de sanctionering van de waarheidsplicht worden de in de feitenrechtspraak opgelegde sancties op een rij gezet. Duidelijk wordt dat rechters de waarheidsplicht zeer actief gebruiken en dat flinke verschillen bestaan in de op schending gestelde sancties. Hoewel de wetgever geen voorstander was van het uitdelen van sancties door de civiele rechter, bepleit de auteur dat sancties onder omstandigheden (vooral ten aanzien van repeat players) verdedigbaar zijn.
Ovules vieillissants, mères sans âge? Infertilité féminine et recours au don d’ovocytes en Suisse
Authors: Bühler Nolwenn 
Published: August 2014

Cette contribution1examine l’impact des possibilités d’extension de la fertilité féminine ouvertes par le don d’ovocytes sur les significations de l’« âge limite de la maternité », dans le contexte suisse où cette technique est interdite. En me focalisant sur les expériences de femmes recourant au don d’ovocytes en cas d’infertilité liée à l’âge, je montrerai comment cette technique ouvre un espace de contestation et de négociation des limites biologiques de la fertilité. La première partie examine l’utilisation des normes biologiques et statistiques du déclin de la fertilité dans le cadre du diagnostic; la deuxième montre comment les significations des limites d’âge se transforment au fil du parcours de procréation médicalement assistée (PMA); la troisième met en lumière quelques stratégies utilisées pour reconfigurer l’« horloge biologique ».
Bifurcations biographiques : l’expérience du dévoilement du diagnostic du point de vue d’adolescents infectés par le VIH en période périnatale
Authors: Proulx-Boucher Karène , Fernet Mylène , Blais Martin , Lévy Joseph  Josy , Otis Joanne , Thériault Jocelyne , Samson Johanne , Morin Guylaine , Lapointe Normand , Trottier Germain 
Published: August 2014

Dans le cas de la transmission de la mère à l’enfant du VIH, l’un des principaux enjeux concerne le dévoilement du diagnostic aux jeunes infectés (Champion et al., 1999; Murphy et al., 2002; Wiener et al., 2007), qui pourrait être vécu comme un point de bifurcation biographique. L’objectif est d’explorer l’expérience du dévoilement du diagnostic du point de vue d’adolescents vivant avec le VIH depuis la naissance. Vingt-neuf jeunes (10-18 ans) VIH+ ont accordé une entrevue individuelle semi-dirigée portant sur le dévoilement du statut sérologique. Les données recueillies ont fait l’objet d’une analyse de contenu (Paillé et Mucchielli, 2005; Sabourin, 2008). Le dévoilement du statut sérologique s’inscrit dans une trajectoire en trois temps : 1) une réalité cachée où les adolescents ignorent leur statut sérologique; 2) une réalité enfin dévoilée où ils apprennent, vers l’âge de 11 ans, qu’ils sont infectés par le VIH et; 3) une réalité à intégrer progressivement où le dévoilement participe à leur construction identitaire personnelle et sociale. Le dévoilement s’inscrit dans une continuité biographique en légitimant les traitements ARV reçus alors qu’une transformation progressive semble être envisagée par les jeunes quant à leur intimité et leur sexualité.
HIV multi‐drug resistance at first‐line antiretroviral failure and subsequent virological response in Asia
Authors: Jiamsakul Awachana , Sungkanuparph Somnuek , Law Matthew , Kantor Rami , Praparattanapan Jutarat , Li Patrick CK , Phanuphak Praphan , Merati Tuti , Ratanasuwan Winai , Lee Christopher KC , Ditangco Rossana , Mustafa Mahiran , Singtoroj Thida , Kiertiburanakul Sasisopin ,   on behalf of the TREAT Asia Studies to Evaluate Resistance – Monitoring Study (TASER‐M)
Published: August 2014

IntroductionFirst‐line antiretroviral therapy (ART) failure often results from the development of resistance‐associated mutations (RAMs). Three patterns, including thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs), 69 Insertion (69Ins) and the Q151M complex, are associated with resistance to multiple‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and may compromise treatment options for second‐line ART.MethodsWe investigated patterns and factors associated with multi‐NRTI RAMs at first‐line failure in patients from The TREAT Asia Studies to Evaluate Resistance – Monitoring study (TASER‐M), and evaluated their impact on virological responses at 12 months after switching to second‐line ART. RAMs were compared with the IAS‐USA 2013 mutations list. We defined multi‐NRTI RAMs as the presence of either Q151M; 69Ins; ≥2 TAMs; or M184V+≥1 TAM. Virological suppression was defined as viral load (VL) <400 copies/ml at 12 months from switch to second‐line. Logistic regression was used to analyze (1) factors associated with multi‐NRTI RAMs at first‐line failure and (2) factors associated with virological suppression after 12 months on second‐line.ResultsA total of 105 patients from 10 sites in Thailand, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia and Philippines were included. There were 97/105 (92%) patients harbouring ≥1 RAMs at first‐line failure, 39/105 with multi‐NRTI RAMs: six with Q151M; 24 with ≥2 TAMs; and 32 with M184V+≥1 TAM. Factors associated with multi‐NRTI RAMs were CD4 ≤200 cells/µL at genotyping (OR=4.43, 95% CI [1.59–12.37], p=0.004) and ART duration >2 years (OR=6.25, 95% CI [2.39–16.36], p<0.001). Among 87/105 patients with available VL at 12 months after switch to second‐line ART, virological suppression was achieved in 85%. The median genotypic susceptibility score (GSS) for the second‐line regimen was 2.00. Patients with ART adherence ≥95% were more likely to be virologically suppressed (OR=9.33, 95% CI (2.43–35.81), p=0.001). Measures of patient resistance to second‐line ART, including the GSS, were not significantly associated with virological outcome.ConclusionsMulti‐NRTI RAMs at first‐line failure were associated with low CD4 level and longer duration of ART. With many patients switching to highly susceptible regimens, good adherence was still crucial in achieving virological response. This emphasizes the importance of continued adherence counselling well into second‐line therapy.
Management of Ionizing Radiation Injuries and Illnesses, Part 4: Acute Radiation Syndrome
Authors: Christensen Doran M. , Iddins Carol J. , Parrillo Steven J. , Glassman Erik S. , Goans Ronald E. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
To provide proper medical care for patients after a radiation incident, it is necessary to make the correct diagnosis in a timely manner and to ascertain the relative magnitude of the incident. The present article addresses the clinical diagnosis and management of high-dose radiation injuries and illnesses in the first 24 to 72 hours after a radiologic or nuclear incident. To evaluate the magnitude of a high-dose incident, it is important for the health physicist, physician, and radiobiologist to work together and to assess many variables, including medical history and physical examination results; the timing of prodromal signs and symptoms (eg, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, transient incapacitation, hypotension, and other signs and symptoms suggestive of high-level exposure); and the incident history, including system geometry, source-patient distance, and the suspected radiation dose distribution.
Global patterns of ecosystem carbon flux in forests: A biometric data‐based synthesis
Authors: Xu Bing , Yang Yuanhe , Li Pin , Shen Haihua , Fang Jingyun 
Published: August 2014

AbstractForest ecosystems function as a significant carbon sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide. However, our understanding of global patterns of forest carbon fluxes remains controversial. Here we examined global patterns and environmental controls of forest carbon balance using biometric measurements derived from 243 sites and synthesized from 81 publications around the world. Our results showed that both production and respiration increased with mean annual temperature and exhibited unimodal patterns along a gradient of precipitation. However, net ecosystem production (NEP) initially increased and subsequently declined along gradients of both temperature and precipitation. Our results also indicated that ecosystem production increased during stand development but eventually leveled off, whereas respiration was significantly higher in mature and old forests than in young forests. The residual variation of carbon flux along climatic and age gradients might be explained by other factors such as atmospheric CO2 elevation and disturbances (e.g., forest fire, storm damage, and selective harvest). Heterotrophic respiration (Rh) was positively associated with net primary production (NPP), but the Rh‐NPP relationship differed between natural and planted forests: Rh increased exponentially with NPP in natural forests but tended toward saturation with increased NPP in planted forests. Comparison of biometric measurements with eddy covariance observations revealed that ecosystem carbon balance derived from the latter generated higher overall NEP estimates. These results suggest that the eddy covariance observations may overestimate the strength of carbon sinks, and thus, biometric measurements need to be incorporated into global assessments of the forest carbon balance.
Impact fragmentation of Lonar Crater, India: Implications for impact cratering processes in basalt
Authors: Senthil Kumar P. , Prasanna Lakshmi K. J. , Krishna N. , Menon R. , Sruthi U. , Keerthi V. , Senthil Kumar A. , Mysaiah D. , Seshunarayana T. , Sen M. K. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractImpact fragmentation is an energetic process that has affected all planetary bodies. To understand its effects in basalt, we studied Lonar Crater, which is a rare terrestrial simple impact crater in basalt and analogues to kilometer‐scale simple craters on Mars. The Lonar ejecta consists of basaltic fragments with sizes ranging from silt to boulder. The cumulative size and mass frequency distributions of these fragments show variation of power index for different size ranges, suggesting simple and complex fragmentation. The general shape of the fragments is compact, platy, bladed, and elongated with an average edge angle of 100°. The size distribution of cobble‐ to boulder‐sized fragments is similar to the fracture spacing distribution in the upper crater wall, indicating the provenance of those large fragments. Its consistency with a theoretical spallation model suggests that the large fragments were ejected from near surface of the target, whereas the small fragments from deeper level. The petrophysical properties of the ejecta fragments reflect the geophysical heterogeneity in the target basalt that significantly reduced the original size of spall fragments. The presence of Fe/Mg phyllosilicates (smectites) both in the ejecta and wall indicates the role of impact in excavating the phyllosilicates from the interior of basaltic target affected by aqueous alteration. The seismic images reveal a thickness variation in the ejecta blanket, segregation of boulders, fractures, and faults in the bedrock beneath the crater rim. The fracturing, fragmentation, and fluvial degradation of Lonar Crater have important implications for Mars.
Extended triple collocation: Estimating errors and correlation coefficients with respect to an unknown target
Authors: McColl Kaighin A. , Vogelzang Jur , Konings Alexandra G. , Entekhabi Dara , Piles María , Stoffelen Ad 
Published: August 2014

AbstractCalibration and validation of geophysical measurement systems typically require knowledge of the “true” value of the target variable. However, the data considered to represent the “true” values often include their own measurement errors, biasing calibration, and validation results. Triple collocation (TC) can be used to estimate the root‐mean‐square‐error (RMSE), using observations from three mutually independent, error‐prone measurement systems. Here, we introduce Extended Triple Collocation (ETC): using exactly the same assumptions as TC, we derive an additional performance metric, the correlation coefficient of the measurement system with respect to the unknown target, . We demonstrate that is the scaled, unbiased signal‐to‐noise ratio and provides a complementary perspective compared to the RMSE. We apply it to three collocated wind data sets. Since ETC is as easy to implement as TC, requires no additional assumptions, and provides an extra performance metric, it may be of interest in a wide range of geophysical disciplines.
In situ properties of small and large flux ropes in the solar wind
Authors: Janvier M. , Démoulin P. , Dasso S. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractTwo populations of twisted magnetic field tubes, or flux ropes (hereafter, FRs), are detected by in situ measurements in the solar wind. While small FRs are crossed by the observing spacecraft within few hours, with a radius typically less than 0.1 AU, larger FRs, or magnetic clouds (hereafter, MCs), have durations of about half a day. The main aim of this study is to compare the properties of both populations of FRs observed by the Wind spacecraft at 1 AU. To do so, we use standard correlation techniques for the FR parameters, as well as histograms and more refined statistical methods. Although several properties seem at first different for small FRs and MCs, we show that they are actually governed by the same propagation physics. For example, we observe no in situ signatures of expansion for small FRs, contrary to MCs. We demonstrate that this result is in fact expected: small FRs expand similar to MCs, as a consequence of a total pressure balance with the surrounding medium, but the expansion signature is well hidden by velocity fluctuations. Next, we find that the FR radius, velocity, and magnetic field strength are all positively correlated, with correlation factors than can reach a value >0.5. This result indicates a remnant trace of the FR ejection process from the corona. We also find a larger FR radius at the apex than at the legs (up to 3 times larger at the apex), for FR observed at 1 AU. Finally, assuming that the detected FRs have a large‐scale configuration in the heliosphere, we derived the mean axis shape from the probability distribution of the axis orientation. We therefore interpret the small FR and MC properties in a common framework of FRs interacting with the solar wind, and we disentangle the physics present behind their common and different features.