bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost Effective Analysis of Erythropoietin Alfa With Darbepoetin Alfa in CKD Patients
Authors: S LAVANYA , S SHARMILA , P THEJALAKSHMI P , YOGESHWARAN VEHASHNEE , S ARIVAZHAGAN 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
According to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcome Guidelines (KDIGO), Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is defined as abnormalities in kidney structure or function persisting for more than 3 months, with health implications.
Aim
This study aims to compare the cost-effectiveness of Erythropoietin alfa and Darbepoetin alfa in CKD patients.
Material and Methods
A Comparative Prospective Observational study was conducted among individuals visiting the Department of Nephrology, PSG Hospitals, Coimbatore, over a 6-month period. Sixty patients meeting the study criteria were included. Data on hemoglobin, serum urea, serum creatinine, and creatinine clearance were collected to assess effectiveness, while the costs of Erythropoietin alfa and Darbepoetin alfa were compared. Data were obtained from Patient Medical Records, and cost-effectiveness analysis was performed using Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER).
Results
The study revealed that both Erythropoietin alfa and Darbepoetin alfa increased hemoglobin levels and creatinine clearance, while decreasing serum urea and serum creatinine levels consistently each month. Darbepoetin alfa was found to be more cost-effective than Erythropoietin alfa, with lower costs and greater effectiveness. Both agents effectively increased hemoglobin levels to the target range (8.5–9 g/dl), with subsequent decreases in creatinine levels noted after administration. However, Darbepoetin alfa demonstrated a greater efficiency in increasing hemoglobin compared to Erythropoietin alfa, with a cost of ₹32,688 less per patient over three months.
Conclusion
Darbepoetin alfa emerges as a more cost-effective option for managing anemia in CKD patients compared to Erythropoietin alfa.
Single-Molecule Sensing inside a Stereo- and Regiodefined Hetero-Nanopore
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhu Qiang , Yang Chao-Nan , Yang Zhong-Lin , Xin Kai-Li , Ma Jing , Winterhalter Mathias , Ying Yi-Lun , Long Yi-Tao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Channel forming proteins often contain recognition pattern or stereo specific selection filter. This ability of the channel confinement inspired us for application towards single molecule sensing. To bypass possible difficulties in purification, misfolding and possible channel gating of biological nanopores, here we show an In situ strategy via single molecule chemical modification of a heptameric protein to build a stereo and regiospecific heteromeric nanopore (hetero-nanopore) with a subunit stoichometric ratio of 3:4. Single-molecule experiments and all-atom molecule dynamic (MD) simulations reveal that the produced hetero-nanopore is indeed featured with an asymmetric stereo- and regio defined organization. In a proof-of-concept single-molecule experiment, the hetero-nanopore exhibited nearly 100% accuracy for label-free discrimination of four peptide stereoisomers with the structural and chiral differences of single amino acid in the mixture. We anticipate to customize multiple hetero-nanopores for single-molecule sensing.
Association of Feeding Practices with Growth in Infants: A Longitudinal Observational Study in a Rural District of Pakistan
Authors: Mughis Waliyah , Ahmed Sheraz , Umrani Fayaz , Jakhro Sadaf , Qureshi Khaliq , Mangrio Amnat , Rizvi Arjumand , Ali Asad 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is recommended for the first six months of an infant’s life, but barriers to EBF persist due to socio-cultural, economic and health-related factors. Promoting optimal feeding practices, particularly EBF, in resource-constrained settings is essential for child growth and development. This study examines the association between feeding practices and malnutrition in a birth cohort in a rural district of Pakistan.
Methods
Data were collected from a cohort of over 2600 infants, up to six months of age, through routine household visits by community health workers. The study analyzed demographic characteristics, feeding practices, anthropometric, and health information of infants and their mothers.
Results
Breastfeeding practices varied, with exclusive breastfeeding being more common in the first month, while predominant breastfeeding (breastmilk with non-milk liquids) was most prevalent from 1 to 6 months. A total of 98.3% of infants had been breastfed at some point between birth and 6 months of age, with a significant proportion experiencing wasting (14.7%), stunting (36.7%), and being underweight (38.5%) at baseline. Early initiation of complementary feeding before four months was significantly associated with increased odds of wasting by six months of age (AOR = 4.14, 95% CI: 1.95–8.77; p < 0.001). The early initiation of breastmilk alternatives/lower rates of EBF were identified as correlating factors with wasting and underweight status in infants.
Conclusion
Parents may have to resort to suboptimal complementary feeding practices before 6 months of age, when they observe their child’s failure to thrive on exclusive breastfeeding. Our findings indicate that a comprehensive, multi-faceted health and policy approach is required to promote optimal feeding practices and improved infant nutrition and growth in resource-constrained settings. Additionally, context-specific guidelines (beyond lactation counselling) and alternative feeding options are required to support mothers who are unable to exclusively breastfeed.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Cell block Using HistoGel Tube Method in Breast Cancer in Pakistan
Authors: Manzoor Fatima , Rehman Fakeha , Hameed Samreen , Ahmad Saeed , Sarfraz Rahat 
Published: July 2024

Background: Breast malignancy is the major cause of cancer-related deaths among women globally. Therefore, early diagnosis is the primary requisition for an effective treatment plan.
Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value) of fine needle aspirate cell blocks made by the HistoGel-tube method in patients with breast cancer.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at the Department of Pathology, King Edward Medical University /Mayo Hospital, Lahore. The study duration was six months. 62 patients with breast lumps, of all ages, both genders, having easily accessible breast lesions and C III, C IV, C V smears on rapid onsite evaluation were included while patients who had received neo-adjuvant chemo- or radiotherapy and those reported as C I ,C II smears on ROSE were excluded. FNA was performed and HistoGel cell blocks were made in addition to the conventional smears. Data was entered in SPSS version 26.
Results: The mean age of patients included in the study was 47 ± 13 years. 61(98.4%) patients were female while only 1(1.6%) patient was male. Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive predictive value, Negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy came out to be 96%, 69%, 92%, 81%, and 90% respectively.
Conclusion: HistoGel cell blocks have overall good diagnostic accuracy for the evaluation and diagnosis of breast malignancy.
Mediterranean Food By-products as a Valuable Source of Bioactive Compounds with Health Properties
Authors: Santonocito Debora , Montenegro Lucia , Puglia Carmelo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract:
Recently, considerable attention has been focused on the recovery and re-use
of waste plant matrices as promising sources of bioactive compounds with health effects.
As the Mediterranean diet involves the consumption of great amounts of fruits and
vegetables, large quantities of agro-food by-products are generated, causing economic
and environmental problems. Such by-products contain a great variety of bioactive compounds
whose potential health benefits include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti--
cancer, antimicrobial, hypoglycemic, antidepressant, cardio- and neuro-protective activities.
Therefore, in this review, by-products from the most common fruits and vegetables
processed in the Mediterranean area, such as tomato, olive, citrus fruit, almond, pomegranate,
carob, date, and grape, were taken into account, pointing out the content of
bioactive ingredients in extracts obtained from different parts of plants, fruits, and vegetables.
Furthermore, studies performed to assess the beneficial effects of extracts obtained
from Mediterranean agro-food by-products were reviewed, highlighting the potential
benefits of waste plant matrices re-usage in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and
cosmetic fields.
Correlation of Sputum and Blood Eosinophils COPD Patients with Acute Exacerbation
Authors: Jahangiri Samaneh , Salajegheh Faranak , Nezhad Aryan Mohamadi , Fekri Mitra Samareh , Ghorbani Ali , Lashkarizadeh Mahdiyeh 
Published: July 2024

Background and Aims:
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) poses a growing
health challenge globally, contributing to declining lung function and increased mortality
rates. Therefore, we have investigated the level of eosinophilia in sputum and the blood in patients
with COPD.

Materials and Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, ninety-four patients were selected from the
Afzalipur Hospital's pulmonary department. Eosinophil levels were measured in both blood and
lung sputum samples. Demographic data, acute attack frequency in the last year, smoking history,
and residence details were also recorded.

Results:
The study revealed a significant elevation in eosinophils in lung sputum, particularly in
male smokers, indicating associations with inflammatory reactions and structural lung changes.
Additionally, residing in urban areas correlated with increased eosinophil counts in lung sputum.

Conclusion:
This study highlights eosinophils' key role in COPD exacerbations, influenced by factors
like smoking and urban living. Assessing eosinophil levels in lung sputum helps evaluate inflammation
and allergies in COPD patients, managing personalized treatment.
Misdiagnosed Isolated Ruptured Mycotic Mitral Valve Aneurysm as Mitral Annulus Calcification
Authors: Afshar Sara , Moohebati Mohsen , Kahrom Mehdi , Rastgou Kianmehr , Hashemi Mehrdad , Rahimi Vafa Baradaran 
Published: July 2024

Introduction:
Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis (SBE) is a slowly developing type of infective
endocarditis. Aneurysm is more common in this type of endocarditis. Currently, SBE is an
uncommon cause of unexplained fever (FUO) because rapid diagnostic capabilities, such as echocardiography,
have improved. Despite echocardiography, endocarditis and valvular aneurysm
were missed in our patient due to the location and special shape of the aneurysm near the annulus.

Case Representation:
We present a case of SBE resulting in an isolated ruptured mycotic mitral
valve aneurysm in a patient on dialysis. Mycotic mitral valve aneurysm is an uncommon and serious
complication of infective endocarditis, particularly subacute endocarditis.

Conclusion:
In order to diagnose this complication, there should be clinical suspicion in the presence
of severe regurgitation without any cause, and a detailed echocardiography should be performed.
Extraction of Bioactive Compounds and Evaluation of Antioxidant
Activity from Senna alata Linn Leaves using Subcritical Carbon Dioxide
Soxhlet and Conventional Methods
Authors: Ferdosh Sahena , Rahim Nadirah Abd , Azmi Nur Sabrina Bt Ahmad , Ibrahim Maizatul Akma Binti , Sarker Md. Zaidul Islam 
Published: July 2024

Background:
The demand for Senna alata Linn-based products is increasing due to their
well-known therapeutic properties for treating various diseases, such as typhus, herpes, eczema, constipation, diarrhoea, gastroenteritis, and fungal skin diseases.

Objective:
This study aims to compare the total yield of the extract, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activity of S. alata leaves using various extraction methods.

Method:
Extractions were performed using conventional maceration, Soxhlet, and non-conventional
Subcritical Carbon Dioxide Soxhlet (SCDS) methods. The antioxidant properties of the leaf extracts
were determined by the DPPH radical scavenging activities.

Results:
Conventional methods yield higher percentages of extracts than SCDS, ranging from 1.20%
to 25.14%. Soxhlet extraction with methanol showed the highest yields (25.14%) compared to hexane extraction (11.24%), indicating the solvent's influence on extraction efficiency. The effect of the
sample-to-soaking solvent ratio on the extracted yield varied from 1.20 to 2.45% in the SCDS method. GCMS analysis showed the presence of 18 compounds, with phytol acetate, dihydroactinidiolide,
and hexadecenoic acid methyl ester being the dominant ones. The DPPH assay shows that the extracts have in vitro antioxidant activity. The SCDS extract with methanol as a solvent had the highest
IC50 value (0.693 ± 0.1725 mg/mL), while the extract with ethanol as a soaking solvent had the lowest (55.56 ± 2.29 mg/mL).

Conclusion:
Although traditional techniques produced greater extract percentages, the SCDS method demonstrated potential for maintaining the bioactive components of S. alata leaf extracts. Overall,
this research highlights the potential of the SCDS as an alternative extraction technique to maintain
the quality of bioactive compounds in plant extracts.
Outage Analysis of IRS-NOMA System over η - μ Fading Channel
Authors: Srinivasarao K. , Rao V. Venkata , Sharma Priyank 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS) have evolved as one of the key technologies
by enabling reconfigurable, intelligent, and low-power solutions for sixth-generation (6G)
wireless communication.

Objective:
The objective of this paper is to improve outage performance by deploying the IRS
Module.

Methods:
In this research, an IRS-assisted NOMA network is explored over η - μ fading channel,
where the IRS is placed on top of the base station (BS). IRS aids in fine-tuning the phase of incoming
signals from BS in a meticulous way, which improves the performance of the system. The statistical
channel modelling of the downlink IRS-NOMA system is proposed and validated with
Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. Also, analytical expressions of OP are derived for k!! user in the
IRS-NOMA system overη - μ fading channel.

Results:
Furthermore, the influence of performance factors, such as the number of reflecting elements
(M) on OP, is examined.

Conclusion:
Simulation results reveal that the IRS-NOMA system experiences less outage compared
to IRS-OMA and conventional relaying techniques.
Formulation Design and Evaluation of Iloperidone Nanosuspensions for Nasal Delivery using Wet-milling Approach
Authors: Palshetkar Aparna D. , Jadhav Saniya S. , Save Nitija D. , Khan Asfiya F. , Desai Namita D. 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Iloperidone is a second-generation antipsychotic drug approved by USFDA
for the treatment of acute schizophrenia in adults. Iloperidone shows poor oral bioavailability
of about 36% as it undergoes extensive presystemic elimination. Benefits of nasal delivery, as an
alternative approach, include non-invasiveness, accessibility, ease of administration and better
compliance as compared to intravenous route. Delivery in small nasal volumes can be
strengthened using drug nanosuspensions.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to develop and evaluate Iloperidone nanosuspensions for
nasal delivery to improve effectiveness in treating schizophrenia.

Methods:
Iloperidone nanosuspensions containing Poloxamer 188 as stabilizer, Methocel K15M
as mucoadhesive polymer and Gellan gum as in situ gelling agent were prepared by wet-milling.
Process parameters such as the number of zirconium beads and rotations per minute were optimized
to prepare nanosuspensions. The nanosuspensions were evaluated for particle size distribution,
polydispersity, zeta potential, in vitro release, ex-vivo permeation and motor activity using animal
models.

Results:
The developed Iloperidone nanosuspensions showed average particle size and polydispersity
index of 268.1 ± 2 nm and 0.362 ± 0.2, respectively and zeta potential of -19.2 ± 0.2 mV. in
vitro release studies exhibited more than 80% drug release at the end of 6 hours, while ex-vivo
studies indicated a greater percentage of drug from the nanosuspensions permeating across excised
goat nasal mucosa. Studies in animal models depicted significant activity with improved motor
response for Iloperidone nasal nanosupensions as compared to oral suspensions.

result:
The developed Iloperidone nanosuspensions were stable with average particle size and polydispersity index of 268.1 ± 2 nm and 0.362 ± 0.2 respectively and zeta potential of -19.2 + 0.2 mV. In vitro release study exhibited more than 80% drug release at the end of 6 hours while ex vivo studies indicated a greater percentage of drug from nanosuspensions permeating across excised goat nasal mucosa. Studies in animal models depicted significant activity with improved motor response for Iloperidone nasal nanosupensions as compared to oral suspensions.

Conclusion:
The present study demonstrated the successful development of Iloperidone nanosuspensions
for nasal delivery in the management of schizophrenia and proposed to have commercial
potential.
Critical Review of Pharmaceutical, Analytical and Toxicity Characterization of Pittala Bhasma
Authors: Ghildiyal Rolli , Shuchi Mitra  , Usha Sharma  , Khem Chand Sharma  
Published: July 2024

India has long utilized Brass, also known as Pittala, as a remedy for a range of ailments. The two elementary steps in the preparation of Pittala Bhasma (PB) are Shodhana (detoxification) and Marana (controlled incineration). The current study aims to gather and evaluate all pertinent and standard work that has been done on PB preparation, as well as standardize it concerning its safety, analytical, and pharmaceutical parameters. It is necessary to detect and quantify these drugs because they can accumulate contaminants during multiple stages of manufacturing, transportation, and storage, which can make them dangerous to use. In this regard, analytical instruments and methods are crucial. Advanced analytical techniques such as energy-dispersive X-ray, Fourier-transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction may expand our comprehension of drugs' overall effects on the body, including their structure, behavior, and response. The preparation of PB involved a thorough search of relevant ancient Indian literature on ayurvedic pharmaceuticals as well as modern research databases like Scopus and PubMed and other relevant online content. This research may shed illumination on its possible application in characterization and therapeutics, eventually enhancing human life.
Pembelajaran analisis nilai karakter dalam teks sastra berpotensi melatih kemampuan siswa berpikir tingkat tinggi
Authors: Alfiah Alfiah 
Published: July 2024

Analisis nilai karakter dalam teks sastra merupakan salah satu topik menarik yang banyak dilakukan oleh peneliti. Hal tersebut dapat dicermati melalui perjalanan penelitian yang dilakukan sejak tahun 2016 s.d. 2021. Melalui 20 judul penelitian yang terhimpun, semua mengkaji tentang analisis nilai-nilai karakter dalam teks sastra. Penelitian tentang analisis nilai-nilai karakter dalam teks sastra sebagai salah satu upaya dalam berkontribusi membangun kualitas sumber daya manusia. Berdasarkan 20 judul penelitian yang sebagian besar menitikberatkan pembelajaran sastra sebagai alternatif media pendidikan karakter, merupakan jenis penelitian yang dikembangkan dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Adapun hasil dari penelitian-penelitian tersebut sebagian besar merekomendasikan bahwa bentuk karya sastra seperti cerpen, novel, cerita rakyat memiliki muatan yang cukup potensial untuk pembelajaran karakter siswa. Dalam hal ini, pembelajaran sastra dipandang sebagai salah satu upaya untuk membangun kompetensi siswa secara komprehensif yang meliputi aspek kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotorik. Pembelajaran sastra bertujuan memotivasi siswa mampu memahami, menikmati, dan memanfaatkan karya sastra guna mengembangkan kepribadian, memperluas wawasan kehidupan, meningkatkan pengetahuan, dan kemampuan berbahasa. Berpijak dari potensi pembelajaran sastra sebagai media pendidikan karakter seperti tersebut di atas, belum ada yang secara spesifik meneliti proses analisis nilai-nilai karakter dalam teks sastra sebagai supaya melatih kemampuan siswa dalam berpikir tingkat tinggi. Sebagian besar penelitian yang dilakukan untuk menemukan jenis-jenis nilai karakter yang ermuat dalam teks sastra. Oleh karena itu, merupakan tujuan dalam penulisan artikel ini menemukan terobosan baru yang perlu dikembangkan terkait penelitian pembelajaran sastra yaitu mengkaji sejauh mana proses analisis nilai-nilai karakter dalam teks sastra mampu melatih siswa dalam berpikir tingkat tinggi. Kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi tersebut ditunjukkan ketika siswa berproses menginterpretasi wujud karakter dalam karya sastra dan menginternalisasikan dalam praktik hidup sehari-hari.
Workload and academic procrastination among working students
Authors: Raudia Al Fatha 
Published: July 2024

The phenomenon of working students playing two roles is common occurence these days. Because of their dual roles, they may have a workload that affects the emergence of academic procrastination in working students. The purpose of this study was to examine how workload affected academic procrastination in working students. This is a quantitative study using a technique of purposive sampling. The workload and academic procrastination scales were applied in this study. We conducted a survey of 118 working students. Based on a simple linear regression test on workload and academic procrastination variables, we concluded that there was no significant effect of workload on academic procrastination of working students, F (1,116) = 4.75, p. 05, R2 =.039, R2 adjusted =.031. The regression coefficient (B = -.104) indicates that a 1-point increase in workload will result in a 0.104-point decrease in academic procrastination.
ENVIRONMENTAL MAINTENANCE APPRAISAL ON LIME-BASED MORTAR REPAIR FOR HERITAGE BUILDINGS CONSERVATION
Authors: Kayan Brit Anak , Mohd Konar Siti Norbaya , Ibrahim Zainah , Razali Nadia , Forster Alan Mark 
Published: July 2024

Gradually, sustainable maintenance in the heritage buildings conservation moving forward to achieve The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), 2030 Agenda. The aim of this paper is to determine sustainable lime-based mortar repair in heritage buildings conservation based on calculation procedures of Green Maintenance model within cradle-to-site boundaries of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The calculation appraises Environmental Maintenance Impact (EMI) of selected case studies. This underpins informed decision-making in low carbon repair options in heritage buildings conservation. EMI appraisal of Green Maintenance Model in this paper is not confined to heritage buildings and can be applied to any building of different technologies and materiality. Moreover, EMI appraisal in this paper may enhance understanding of the relationship between lime-based mortar repair and their environmental performance. Significantly, this paper establishes interdisciplinary conservation strategies for heritage buildings located at UNESCO World Heritage Site (WHS).