bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mean Field Theory of Diblock Copolymer on Curved Manifolds
Authors: Li Daming , Liang Kewei , Gruhn Thomas 
Published: December 2014

SummaryWe study the phase separation of diblock copolymer on curved manifolds. Based on the path integral on curved manifolds which was extensively studied in quantum mechanics, the mean field model of diblock copolymers on curved manifolds can be derived from the saddle point approximation of the partition function in the canonical ensemble. We adopted the pseudo‐spectral method to solve the mean field equation on four types of two dimensional manifold: 2d flat square, 2‐sphere, 2‐torus and 2 d cylinder. The phase transition of diblock copolymer between the ordered and disordered phase are compared for the first three geometries and found that the effect of the curved geometry on the phase diagram becomes slightly large if the volume fraction of one kind of monomer decreases. We also found that the equilibrium structures on 2‐torus are quite different with those on 2 d flat square, 2‐sphere and 2 d cylinder. Moreover, the calculated equilibrium structures on 2 d cylinder are consistent with the experimental results.
Theoretical Investigation of Adhesion Properties of Polymer Coatings of Metals
Authors: Maksimova Olga , Maksimov Andrei 
Published: December 2014

SummaryThe models for a description of main stages of formation and adhesion processes of polymer coating on the surface of the metal were proposed. The interactions with the surface of the primer layer and the steel sheet were taken into account. On the basis of the Langmuir's lattice model of adsorption, it was shown that there is an optimum temperature mode for drying oven. At this temperature, there is the greatest adhesion of monomers on a surface of a metal sheet. The modified model of “stick tape” was developed that describes the behavior of an adsorbed flexible macromolecule in an effective mean field created by intermolecular interactions with other polymer chains. It was shown that there exists a first order phase transition of the sufficiently large chains from the absorbed state to elongated one. This transition is accompanied by sharp jumps of degree of elongation, energy and heat‐capacity of the chains. It was found that there is an optimal temperature regime for the formation of the covering of metal sheet at which its production becomes the most quality.
Precise Control of Polydopamine Film Formation by Electropolymerization
Authors: Stöckle Bettina , Ng David Yuen Wah , Meier Christoph , Paust Tobias , Bischoff Fabian , Diemant Thomas , Behm Rolf Jürgen. , Gottschalk Kay‐E. , Ziener Ulrich , Weil Tanja 
Published: December 2014

SummaryDopamine offers the possibility to build polymer films on any substrates via an oxidative process. This redox process cannot only be used for self‐oxidation in air, but also in an electrochemical deposition process using cyclic voltammetry. Electropolymerization provides the opportunity to customize film thicknesses on surfaces detectable by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The topography and nanomechanical properties of the films have been characterized in liquid via AFM. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) allows the determination of the deposited polymer quantities during the polymerization process and the ultra‐thin films have been detected by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR).
Impact of Molecular Architectures on the Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Multi‐Phase Polymer Networks
Authors: Wang Li , Nöchel Ulrich , Fang Liang , Kratz Karl , Lendlein Andreas 
Published: December 2014

SummaryMultiphase copolymer networks (CLEG) composed of crystallizable poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) and crystallizable poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) segments can exhibit a pronounced triple‐shape effect in the dry state or a dual‐shape effect in the water swollen, hydrogel state. We hypothesize that by adjusting the network architecture of CLEG copolymers networks the swelling behavior, the thermal and mechanical properties, as well as the crystal structure of PEG and PCL domains can be tailored. Here, we studied CLEG materials with a fixed PCL/PEG weight ratio but different polymer network architectures, whereby the PEG segments were incorporated as grafted side chains or as network chains connecting two netpoints. The prepared CLEGs were analyzed regarding their gel contents, swelling behavior, thermal and mechanical properties and finally the crystallinity of the polymer networks were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS) measurements. High gel content values of G  ≥ 98% were achieved for all copolymer network samples, indicating an almost complete conversion of the reaction precursors. The degree of swelling (Q) determined with water increased from Q ≈ 150% to 223% with increasing poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl monomethacrylate (PEGMMA) content to create more PEG grafted side chains. Only when PEGMMA moieties were present in the CLEG networks two separated melting transitions related to the PCL and PEG segments were obtained, whereby Tm,PEG was found to increase with increasing the PEGMMA weight fraction. Based on this observation it can be assumed that the incorporated poly(ε‐caprolactone) diisocyanoethyl methacrylate PEGDIMA segments forming the main network were not able to form crystallites in CLEG networks. An almost two‐fold decrease in the Younǵs modulus was observed with increasing amounts of grafted PEG side chains, while the elongation at break increased significantly. Based on Mooney‐Rivlin Equations, the crosslinking density increased from 0.10% to 0.21% when PEG segments switched from grafted chains to the network. WAXS and DSC investigations revealed an increase in the degree of crystallinity (DOC) of PEG segments with increasing PEGMMA moieties, while the DOC related to the crystalline PCL domains remained almost constant. The obtained results clearly demonstrated the importance of the molecular architecture in designing polymer networks.
A High Content Screening Assay for Evaluation of Biomaterial‐Mediated Cell Fusion Processes
Authors: Rijckaert Bart , Neffe Axel T. , Roch Toralf , Gebauer Tim , Pierce Benjamin F. , Görs Julia , Smink Jeske J. , Gossen Manfred , Lendlein Andreas , Leutz Achim 
Published: December 2014

SummaryBiomaterials are of increasing importance in regenerative medicine and entail delivery systems in somatic cell therapies, matrices for tissue engineering or tissue regeneration. The evaluation of biomaterial induced biological effects remains a key issue in clinical application. Cell‐based assays for potential cytotoxic and immunological responses have been developed but are often inadequate to address cell‐type specific responses to biomaterials. To quantitatively monitor attachment, survival, proliferation and fusion‐controlled differentiation of osteoclasts (bone resorbing cells), a High Content Screening (HCS) assay has been developed based on osteoclast differentiation of the murine monocytic cell line RAW 264.7. This assay was applied to investigate the influence of degradation products of polymers from gelatin and lysine diisocyanate, which display tailorable mechanical properties and have potential as biomaterials. The data show that the degradation products inhibit formation of multinuclear osteoclasts and suggest a potential support of bone regeneration by suppression of bone resorption.
Levodopa‐carbidopa intestinal gel in advanced Parkinson's disease: Final 12‐month, open‐label results
Authors: Fernandez Hubert H. , Standaert David G. , Hauser Robert A. , Lang Anthony E. , Fung Victor S.C. , Klostermann Fabian , Lew Mark F. , Odin Per , Steiger Malcolm , Yakupov Eduard Z. , Chouinard Sylvain , Suchowersky Oksana , Dubow Jordan , Hall Coleen M. , Chatamra Krai , Robieson Weining Z. , Benesh Janet A. , Espay Alberto J. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTMotor complications in Parkinson's disease (PD) are associated with long‐term oral levodopa treatment and linked to pulsatile dopaminergic stimulation. l‐dopa‐carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) is delivered continuously by percutaneous endoscopic gastrojejunostomy tube (PEG‐J), which reduces l‐dopa‐plasma–level fluctuations and can translate to reduced motor complications. We present final results of the largest international, prospective, 54‐week, open‐label LCIG study. PD patients with severe motor fluctuations (>3 h/day “off” time) despite optimized therapy received LCIG monotherapy. Additional PD medications were allowed >28 days post‐LCIG initiation. Safety was the primary endpoint measured through adverse events (AEs), device complications, and number of completers. Secondary endpoints included diary‐assessed off time, “on” time with/without troublesome dyskinesia, UPDRS, and health‐related quality‐of‐life (HRQoL) outcomes. Of 354 enrolled patients, 324 (91.5%) received PEG‐J and 272 (76.8%) completed the study. Most AEs were mild/moderate and transient; complication of device insertion (34.9%) was the most common. Twenty‐seven (7.6%) patients withdrew because of AEs. Serious AEs occurred in 105 (32.4%), most commonly complication of device insertion (6.5%). Mean daily off time decreased by 4.4 h/65.6% (P < 0.001). On time without troublesome dyskinesia increased by 4.8 h/62.9% (P < 0.001); on time with troublesome dyskinesia decreased by 0.4 h/22.5% (P = 0.023). Improvements persisted from week 4 through study completion. UPDRS and HRQoL outcomes were also improved throughout. In the advanced PD population, LCIG's safety profile consisted primarily of AEs associated with the device/procedure, l‐dopa/carbidopa, and advanced PD. LCIG was generally well tolerated and demonstrated clinically significant improvements in motor function, daily activities, and HRQoL sustained over 54 weeks. © 2014 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
The loss‐averse newsvendor problem with supply options
Authors: Lee Chung‐Yee , Li Xi , Yu Mingzhu 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn this article, we consider a loss‐averse newsvendor with stochastic demand. The newsvendor might procure options when demand is unknown, and decide how many options to execute only after demand is revealed. If the newsvendor reserves too many options, he would incur high reservation costs. Yet reserving too few could result in lost sales. So the newsvendor faces a trade‐off between reservation costs and losing sales. When there are multiple options available, the newsvendor has to consider how many units of each to reserve by studying the trade‐off between flexibility and costs. We show how the newsvendor's loss aversion behavior affects his ordering decision, and propose an efficient algorithm to compute his optimal solution in the general case with n options. We also present examples showing how the newsvendor's ordering strategy changes as loss aversion rises. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 62:46–59, 2015
Detection of central nervous system involvement in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia by cytomorphology and flow cytometry of the cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Ranta Susanna , Nilsson Frans , Harila‐Saari Arja , Saft Leonie , Tani Edneia , Söderhäll Stefan , Porwit Anna , Hultdin Magnus , Noren‐Nyström Ulrika , Heyman Mats 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundTherapy directed at the central nervous system (CNS) is an essential part of the treatment for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The current evaluation of CNS involvement based on cytomorphological examination of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) alone is not as sensitive with low cell counts as flow cytometric immunophenotyping (FCI) of the CSF. However, the importance of low CSF blasts counts at diagnosis is uncertain. We sought to determine the significance of FCI in relation to conventional morphological examination.ProcedureWe retrospectively compared FCI of the CSF with cytomorphology at diagnosis or relapse of childhood ALL. All patients were diagnosed 2000–2012 in Stockholm or Umeå, Sweden. Clinical data were collected from medical records and the Nordic leukemia registry. Treatment assignment was based on morphological examination only.ResultsThe cohort was comprised of 214 patients with ALL. CSF involvement was detected by both methods in 20 patients, in 17 by FCI alone, and in one patient by cytomorphology alone. The relapse rate was higher for patients with negative cytology but positive FCI compared to those without CNS involvement using both methods. The difference was especially marked in the current protocol. However, none of the patients with negative CSF cytology but positive FCI had a CNS relapse.ConclusionsFCI of the CSF increased the detection rate of CNS involvement of ALL approximately two times compared to cytomorphology. Patients with low‐level CNS involvement may benefit from additional intensified systemic or CNS‐directed therapy, but larger studies are needed. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:951–956. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Management and follow‐up of urothelial neoplasms of the bladder in children: A report from the TREP project
Authors: Di Carlo Daniela , Ferrari Andrea , Perruccio Katia , D'Angelo Paolo , Fagnani Anna Maria , Cecchetto Giovanni , Bisogno Gianni 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundUrothelial neoplasms of the bladder (UNB) are rare in patients under 20 years of age, and even rarer in the first decade of life. The present series was investigated to provide recommendations on patient management in terms of therapeutic strategy and follow‐up.ProcedureThis is a retrospective analysis on 12 patients with UNB under 18 years of age. Data were extracted from the national database of the TREP (Tumori Rari in Età Pediatrica) Project.ResultsTen of the 12 patients presented with a single episode of hematuria, while the discovery of the lesion was incidental in two. Eleven of the 12 lesions were G1 and one was G2/G3; none of the lesions invaded the lamina propria. All lesions were removed completely by transurethral resection. No further treatment was administered in nine children but three received a single dose of intravesical chemotherapy (epirubicin in 2, mitomycin in 1). Only one patient experienced a recurrence and all patients are alive in complete remission with a median follow‐up of 30 months (range 4–112). Follow‐up investigations varied at the different centers and included abdominal ultrasound in nine patients, cystoscopy in seven, and additional radiological investigations in a few cases.ConclusionsUNB in children seems to be a low‐grade, scarcely aggressive disease with an excellent prognosis. The role of intravesical chemotherapy is debatable. Follow‐up can be based on ultrasound. The adoption of shared recommendations should enable unnecessary treatment and invasive investigations to be avoided. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:1000–1003. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Low and fixed dose of hydroxyurea is effective and safe in patients with HbSβ+ thalassemia with IVS1‐5(G→C) mutation
Authors: Dehury Snehadhini , Purohit Prasanta , Patel Siris , Meher Satyabrata , Kullu Bipin Kishore , Sahoo Lulup Kumar , Patel Nayan Kumar , Mohapatra Alok Kumar , Das Kishalaya , Patel Dilip Kumar 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundDespite compelling evidence that hydroxyurea is safe and effective in sickle cell disease, it is prescribed sparingly due to several barriers like knowledge gaps in certain genotypes, apprehension about its safety and toxicity, and limited resources. We undertook this study to find out the efficacy and safety of HU in patients with HbSβ+‐thalassemia with IVS1–5(G→C) mutation.ProcedureWe registered 318 patients with HbSβ+‐thalassemia with IVS1–5(G→C) mutation. Of these, 203 were enrolled for hydroxyurea treatment at a low and fixed dose of 10 mg/kg/day. One hundred four patients (Group‐I: 37 children and Group‐II: 67 adults) with ≥2 years of hydroxyurea treatment were studied.ResultsThe rate of vaso‐occlusive crises, requirement of blood transfusion and rate of hospitalization reduced from 3 to 0.5, 1 to 0 and 1 to 0 in Group‐I and 3 to 0, 1 to 0 and 0.5 to 0 in Group‐II respectively after HU therapy (P < 0.0001). %HbF level, hemoglobin, MCV and MCH increased significantly, whereas HbS, WBC, platelet count, serum‐bilirubin and LDH levels decreased significantly after HU therapy. It has been observed that along with fairly subtle hematological changes following HU therapy, there was a substantial clinical improvement occurred in these patients. Transient myelotoxicity was observed in 4.8%. There was minimal gonadal toxicity without affecting reproductive function.ConclusionIn view of easy affordability, better acceptability, minimal toxicity, the need of infrequent monitoring and its potential effectiveness, low and fixed dose of hydroxyurea is suitable for treatment of patients with HbSβ+‐thalassemia in resource poor setting. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:1017–1023. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Randomized clinical trial of brewed green and black tea in men with prostate cancer prior to prostatectomy
Authors: Henning Susanne M. , Wang Piwen , Said Jonathan W. , Huang Min , Grogan Tristan , Elashoff David , Carpenter Catherine L. , Heber David , Aronson William J. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundPreclinical and epidemiologic studies suggest chemopreventive effects of green tea (GT) and black tea (BT) in prostate cancer. In the current study we determined the effect of GT and BT consumption on biomarkers related to prostate cancer development and progression.MethodsIn this exploratory, open label, phase II trial 113 men diagnosed with prostate cancer were randomized to consume six cups daily of brewed GT, BT or water (control) prior to radical prostatectomy (RP). The primary endpoint was prostate tumor markers of cancer development and progression determined by tissue immunostaining of proliferation (Ki67), apoptosis (Bcl‐2, Bax, Tunel), inflammation (nuclear and cytoplasmic nuclear factor kappa B [NFκB]) and oxidation (8‐hydroxydeoxy‐guanosine [8OHdG]). Secondary endpoints of urinary oxidation, tea polyphenol uptake in prostate tissue, and serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) were evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography and ELISA analysis.ResultsNinety three patients completed the intervention. There was no significant difference in markers of proliferation, apoptosis and oxidation in RP tissue comparing GT and BT to water control. Nuclear staining of NFκB was significantly decreased in RP tissue of men consuming GT (P = 0.013) but not BT (P = 0.931) compared to water control. Tea polyphenols were detected in prostate tissue from 32 of 34 men consuming GT but not in the other groups. Evidence of a systemic antioxidant effect was observed (reduced urinary 8OHdG) only with GT consumption (P = 0.03). GT, but not BT or water, also led to a small but statistically significant decrease in serum prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) levels (P = 0.04).ConclusionGiven the GT‐induced changes in NFκB and systemic oxidation, and uptake of GT polyphenols in prostate tissue, future longer‐term studies are warranted to further examine the role of GT for prostate cancer prevention and treatment, and possibly for other prostate conditions such as prostatitis. Prostate 75: 550–559, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Regulatory Network Involving β-Catenin, e-Cadherin, PI3k/Akt, and Slug Balances Self-Renewal and Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells In Response to Wnt Signaling
Authors: Huang Tyng-Shyan , Li Li , Moalim-Nour Lilian , Jia Deyong , Bai Jian , Yao Zemin , Bennett Steffany A. L. , Figeys Daniel , Wang Lisheng 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The mechanisms underlying disparate roles of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway in maintaining self-renewal or inducing differentiation and lineage specification in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are not clear. In this study, we provide the first demonstration that self-renewal versus differentiation of human ESCs (hESCs) in response to Wnt signaling is predominantly determined by a two-layer regulatory circuit involving β-catenin, E-cadherin, PI3K/Akt, and Slug in a time-dependent manner. Short-term upregulation of β-catenin does not lead to the activation of T-cell factor (TCF)-eGFP Wnt reporter in hESCs. Instead, it enhances E-cadherin expression on the cell membrane, thereby enhancing hESC self-renewal through E-cadherin-associated PI3K/Akt signaling. Conversely, long-term Wnt activation or loss of E-cadherin intracellular β-catenin binding domain induces TCF-eGFP activity and promotes hESC differentiation through β-catenin-induced upregulation of Slug. Enhanced expression of Slug leads to a further reduction of E-cadherin that serves as a β-catenin “sink” sequestering free cytoplasmic β-catenin. The formation of such a framework reinforces hESCs to switch from a state of temporal self-renewal associated with short-term Wnt/β-catenin activation to definitive differentiation. Stem Cells 2015;33:1419–1433
AMPK‐dependent signaling modulates the suppression of invasion and migration by fenofibrate in CAL 27 oral cancer cells through NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Tsai Shih‐Chang , Tsai Ming‐Hsui , Chiu Chang‐Fang , Lu Chi‐Cheng , Kuo Sheng‐Chu , Chang Nai‐Wen , Yang Jai‐Sing 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTFenofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha (PPARα) agonist and lipid‐lowering agent, has been used worldwide for treatment of hyperlipidemia. The clinical trials demonstrate that fenofibrate possesses multiple pharmacological activities, including antitumor effects. However, the precise mechanisms in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the anticancer effects of fenofibrate on the migration and invasion of human oral cancer CAL 27 cells. Fenofibrate inhibited the cell migration and invasion of CAL 27 cells by the wound healing and Boyden chamber transwell assays, respectively. In addition, fenofibrate reduced the protein expressions of MMP‐1, MMP‐2, MMP‐7, and MMP‐9 by Western blotting and inhibited enzyme activities of MMP‐2/‐9 using gelatin zymography assay. Results from immunoblotting analysis showed that the proteins of p‐LKB1 (Ser428), LKB1, p‐AMPKα (Thr172), p‐AMPKα1/α2 (Ser425/Ser491), p‐AMPKβ1 (Ser108), and AMPKγ1 were upregulated by fenofibrate; the levels of p‐IKKα/β (Ser176) and p‐IκBα were reduced in fenofibrate‐treated cells. Also, fenofibrate suppressed the expressions of nuclear NF‐κB p65 and p50 by immunoblotting and NF‐κB DNA binding activity by EMSA assay. The anti‐invasive effect of fenofibrate was attenuated by compound C [an adenosine 5′‐monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor] or dominant negative form of AMPK (DN‐AMPKα1). Thus, fenofibrate considerably inhibited metastatic behaviors of CAL 27 cells might be mediated through blocking NF‐κB signaling, resulting in the inhibition of MMPs; these effects were AMPK‐dependent rather than PPARα signaling. Our findings provide a molecular rationale, whereby fenofibrate exerts anticancer effects and additional beneficial effects for the treatment of cancer patients. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 866–876, 2016.