bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Theoretical Investigation on the Strecker Reaction Catalyzed by a TiIV‐Complex Catalyst Generated from a Cinchona Alkaloid, Achiral Substituted 2,2′‐Biphenol, and Tetraisopropyl Titanate
Authors: Su Zhishan , Li Weiyi , Wang Jun , Hu Changwei , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe mechanism and the origin of selectivity of the asymmetric Strecker reaction catalyzed by a TiIV‐complex catalyst generated from a cinchona alkaloid, achiral substituted 2,2′‐biphenol, and tetraisopropyl titanate have been investigated by DFT and ONIOM methods. The calculations indicate that the reaction proceeds through a dual activation mechanism, in which TiIV acts as Lewis acid to activate the electrophile aldimine substrate, whereas the tertiary amine in cinchona alkaloid works as Lewis base to promote the activation and isomerization of HCN. The CC bond formation step is predicted to be the selectivity‐controlling step in the reaction with an energy barrier of 9.3 kcal mol−1. The “asymmetric activation” is achieved by the transfer of asymmetry from the chiral cinchonine ligand to the axially flexible achiral biphenol ligand through coordination interaction with the central metal TiIV. The large steric hindrance from the 3,3′‐position substitute of biphenol, combined with the quinoline fragment of cinchona alkaloid and the orientation of hydrogen bonding of iPrOH, play a key role in controlling the stereoselectivity, which is in good agreement with the experimental observations.
Highly Sensitive and Selective Spectroscopic Detection of Mercury(II) in Water by Using Pyridylporphyrin–DNA Conjugates
Authors: Choi Jung Kyu , Sargsyan Gevorg , Olive Amanda M. , Balaz Milan 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSingle‐labeled pyridylporphyrin–DNA conjugates are reported as highly sensitive and selective spectroscopic sensors for mercury(II) ions in water. The effects of chemical structure (thymine versus adenine), number of nucleotides (monomer versus octamer), and porphyrin metalation (Zn versus free base) on the sensitivity and selectivity of mercury(II) detection are explored. The results indicated that pyridylporphyrin rather than the nucleobase plays a crucial role in mercury(II) sensing, because porphyrin conjugates with both adenosine and thymidine exhibited excellent mercury(II) detection. Mercury(II) recognition was shown in emission quenching, as well as in a redshift of the porphyrin Soret band absorption. The limit of detection (LOD, 3σ/slope) of zinc(II) pyridylporphyrin‐5′‐oligodeoxythymidine (ZnPorT8) obtained by fluorescence quenching was calculated to be 21.14 nM. Other metal cations (Zn2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Mn2+, Ca2+, Ni2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Cu2+, and Na+) did not interfere with the emission and absorption sensing of mercury(II). Free‐base porphyrin–oligothymine conjugate 2HPorT8 displayed similar sensitivity to ZnPorT8 but different selectivity. The results also implied that the sensing properties of porphyrin–deoxythymidine conjugates could potentially be tuned by porphyrin metalation.
ChemInform Abstract: From T to T′‐La2CuO4 via Oxygen Vacancy Ordered La2CuO3,5.
Authors: Houchati Mohamed Ikbel , Ceretti Monica , Ritter Clemens , Paulus Werner 
Published: December 2012

AbstractStoichiometric quantities of T′‐La2CuO4 are obtained by reaction of T‐La2CuO4 with CaH2 at 200 °C for two days leading to La2CuO3.5 which is subsequently reoxidized at 300 °C in air.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper Concentration Effect in the Dielectric Properties of BiNbO4 for RF Applications.
Authors: Sales A. J. M. , Oliveira P. W. S. , Almeida J. S. , Costa M. M. , Rodrigues H. O. , Sombra A. S. B. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBiNbO4 ceramics for possible applications in radio frequency devices like ceramic capacitors are prepared by solid state reaction with the addition of 3, 5, and 10 wt.% of CuO (sintering at 925 °C for 3 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Nanosized Zinc Aluminate Spinel from a Novel Zn—Al Layered Double Hydroxide Precursor.
Authors: Song Jianye , Leng Mingzhe , Fu Xingqi , Liu Jianqiang 
Published: December 2012

Abstract[ZnAl2(OH)6]CO3·nH2O (I) is synthesized by the urea hydrolysis method from aqueous solutions of Zn(NO3)2, Al(NO3)3, and urea (H2O, 100 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: A Clathrate‐I Phase with Li—Ge Framework.
Authors: Liang Ying , Boehme Bodo , Ormeci Alim , Borrmann Horst , Pecher Oliver , Haarmann Frank , Schnelle Walter , Baitinger Michael , Grin Yuri 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe first Li‐containing clathrate‐I phase, K8LixGe44‐x/4□2‐3x/4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 2.3; □: vacancy) is prepared from mixtures of LiGe, K4Ge9, and α‐Ge (600—700 °C, 7 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Conductive Performance of Tungstovanadophosphoric Heteropoly Acid H4PW11VO40·8H2O.
Authors: Tong Xia , Tian Naiqin , Zhu Weiming , Wu Qingyin , Cao Fahe , Yan Wenfu 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe title compound is synthesized by addition of V2O5 dissolved in sodium carbonate solution to an aqueous solution containing Na3PO4 and Na2WO4 (pH 2.5, 90 °C, 2 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Directed Assembly of Nanoscale Co(II)‐Substituted {Co9[P2W15]3} and {Co14[P2W15]4} Polyoxometalates.
Authors: Lydon Claire , Sabi Merce Martin , Symes Mark D. , Long De‐Liang , Murrie Mark , Yoshii Shunsuke , Nojiri Hiroyuki , Cronin Leroy 
Published: December 2012

AbstractCompounds (V) and (VI) are formed from the same building blocks under slightly different conditions and their crystal structures are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: The Selenite‐Capped Polyoxo‐4‐aurate(III), [AuIII4O4 (SeIVO3)4]4‐.
Authors: Xiang Yixian , Izarova Natalya V. , Schinle Florian , Hampe Oliver , Keita Bineta , Kortz Ulrich 
Published: December 2012

AbstractK4 [Au4O4(SeO3)4] ·0.4KNO3·0.6KOAc·6H2O is obtained from an aqueous solution of H[AuCl4], KOAc, KOH, H2SeO3, and AgNO3 at room temperature (pH 12 → pH 6.3 adjusted with HNO3; 14% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: C—O and C—C Bond Formation in the Cyclization of gem‐(Dialkoxymethyl)‐1,6‐dienes Catalyzed by Tin(IV) Triflimidate at Room Temperature.
Authors: Vece Vito , Ben Hadj Hassen Khadija , Antoniotti Sylvain , Dunach Elisabet 
Published: December 2012

AbstractCyclohexane derivatives are formed via a 6‐enexo‐endo‐trig process from symmetrical disubstituted ethers (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Intramolecular Pauson—Khand Reaction Mediated by a Remote Sulfenyl or Sulfinyl Group.
Authors: Garcia Ruano Jose Luis , Torrente Esther , Parra Alejandro , Aleman Jose , Martin‐Castro Ana M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIt is found that the Pauson—Khand reaction of 1,6‐enynes bearing a remote sulfenyl group proceeds with excellent diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Beyond Benzyl Grignards: Facile Generation of Benzyl Carbanions from Styrenes.
Authors: Grigg R. David , Rigoli Jared W. , Van Hoveln Ryan , Neale Samuel , Schomaker Jennifer M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAn efficient protocol for generation of benzylic carbanion is developed based on hydroboration of styrenes with bulky pinacol borane followed by sterically induced cleavage of the C—B bond using KOtBu.
ChemInform Abstract: Zinc Phthalocyanine with PEG‐400 as a Recyclable Catalytic System for Selective Reduction of Aromatic Nitro Compounds.
Authors: Sharma Upendra , Kumar Neeraj , Verma Praveen Kumar , Kumar Vishal , Singh Bikram 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe system efficiently promotes 1) the chemo‐ and regioselective reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to the corresponding amines tolerating a wide range of reducible functional groups, 2) the reduction of carbonyl compounds and esters to the corresponding alcohols, and 3) the reductive amination of benzaldehydes with primary amines affording the corresponding secondary amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Assisted Regioselective C—H Cyanation of Heteroarenes Using Isonitrile as Cyanide Source.
Authors: Xu Shuguang , Huang Xiaomei , Hong Xiaohu , Xu Bin 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe nature of the N‐substitution is crucial in controlling the regioselectivity of the cyanation of indoles using tBuNC as ′CN′ source and Cu(tfa)2 as oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Higher‐Order Zincates as Transmetalators in Alkyl—Alkyl Negishi Cross‐Coupling.
Authors: McCann Lucas C. , Hunter Howard N. , Clyburne Jason A. C. , Organ Michael G. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe direct involvement of higher order zincates, isolated from non‐coordinating solvents with strict exclusion of additional salts, in the alkyl‐alkyl Negishi reaction is demonstrated for the first time.
ChemInform Abstract: Coupling of Methyl Ketones and Primary or Secondary Amines Leading to α‐Ketoamides.
Authors: Wei Wei , Shao Ying , Hu Huayou , Zhang Feng , Zhang Chao , Xu Yuan , Wan Xiaobing 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA simple, mild, and widely applicable method to prepare α‐ketoamides is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Coupling Reaction of Unactivated Secondary Alkyl Iodides with Alkyl Grignard Reagents in the Presence of 1,3‐Butadiene as an Effective Additive.
Authors: Shen Ruwei , Iwasaki Takanori , Terao Jun , Kambe Nobuaki 
Published: December 2012

AbstractDerivatives (VIIIa) and (VIIIb) can be easily converted into the corresponding unsaturated ring systems by metathesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling Reactions of Iodo(difluoroenol) Derivatives, Fluorinated Building Blocks Accessible at Near‐Ambient Temperatures.
Authors: Wilson Peter G. , Percy Jonathan M. , Redmond Joanna M. , McCarter Adam W. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe iodides (II) and (X), which are available in good yields, efficiently undergo Suzuki—Miyaura coupling with a number of aromatic trifluoroborates and some arylboronic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Nitrocyclopropanedicarboxylic Acid Derivatives by Addition of α‐Bromonitroalkanes to Methylidene Malonic, Methylidene Cyanoacetic or Maleic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Kryshtal G. V. , Zhdankina G. M. , Shashkov A. S. , Zlotin S. G. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe stereochemical implications of the title reaction are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Cyclopropane‐1,1,2,2‐tetracarboxylic Acid Derivatives from Aldehydes and CH‐Acids in the K2CO3/Bun4NPF6 /Toluene Heterogeneous System.
Authors: Kryshtal G. V. , Zhdankina G. M. , Zlotin S. G. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe one‐pot reaction leading to mostly new cyclopropane‐1,1,2,2‐tetracarboxylic acid derivatives (IV) proceeds diastereoselectively.
ChemInform Abstract: CoBr2—TMTU—Zinc‐Catalyzed Pauson—Khand Reaction.
Authors: Wang Yuefan , Xu Lingmin , Yu Ruocheng , Chen Jiahua , Yang Zhen 
Published: December 2012

AbstractTh complex is generated generated in situ by reduction of CoBr2 with Zn and efficiently promotes the Pauson—Khand reaction affording structurally diverse cyclopentenones (20 examples).
ChemInform Abstract: Ireland—Claisen Rearrangement of Ynamides: Stereocontrolled Synthesis of 2‐Amidodienes.
Authors: Heffernan Stephen J. , Carbery David R. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWhen applied to aromatic ynamides of type (I), decarboxylated products (II) and (III) are formed instead of the expected allenamides.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Phenols via Fluoride‐Free Oxidation of Arylsilanes and Arylmethoxysilanes.
Authors: Rayment Elizabeth J. , Summerhill Nick , Anderson Edward A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractTreatment of arylsilanes and arylmethoxysilanes with H2O2 and KHCO3 allows an efficient access to phenols.
ChemInform Abstract: Biocatalytic Promiscuity: Lipase‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Aldol Reaction of Heterocyclic Ketones with Aldehydes.
Authors: Guan Zhi , Fu Jian‐Ping , He Yan‐Hong 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe desired products (III) are generally formed in low yields and low to moderate stereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Titanium‐Mediated Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Imines with Ketones or Aldehydes: An Efficient Route for the Synthesis of 1,2‐Amino Alcohols.
Authors: Fan Guoqin , Liu Yuanhong 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn most cases, the procedure affords the expected 1,2‐amino alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient and Chemoselective Acetalization and Thioacetalization of Aldehydes Catalyzed by Propylphosphonic Anhydride (®T3P) at Room Temperature.
Authors: Augustine John Kallikat , Bombrun Agnes , Sauer Wolfgang H. B. , Vijaykumar Pujari 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe process is general concerning the use of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot, Three‐Component Coupling Approach to the Synthesis of α—Iminocarboxamides.
Authors: Masui Hisashi , Fuse Shinichiro , Takahashi Takashi 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAn alkylsamarium intermediate is coupled to the isocyanide (II) and subsequent to the isocyanate (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Chlorides and Triflates with Sodium Cyanate: A Practical Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Ureas.
Authors: Vinogradova Ekaterina V. , Fors Brett P. , Buchwald Stephen L. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAn efficient one‐pot protocol for the synthesis of unsymmetrical ureas such as (IV) or (VII) via palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of aryl chlorides and triflates with sodium cyanate and amines is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: First Iron‐Catalyzed Guanylation of Amines: A Simple and Highly Efficient Protocol to Guanidines.
Authors: Pottabathula Srinivas , Royo Beatriz 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIt is demonstrated that Fe(OAc)2 is an efficient catalyst for the reaction of primary and secondary amines with carbodiimides.
ChemInform Abstract: o‐(Trialkylstannyl)anilines and Their Utility in Migita—Kosugi—Stille Cross‐Coupling: Direct Introduction of the 2‐Aminophenyl Substituent.
Authors: Izgu Enver Cagri , Hoye Thomas R. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe shelf‐ and air‐stable ortho‐stannylated anilines (I) are prepared and compared with the known analogues (II) in coupling reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: ortho‐Amide‐Directed Oxidation of Internal Aryl Alkynes Mediated by Cerium(IV) Ammonium Nitrate.
Authors: Su Chieh‐Fu , Hu Wan‐Ping , Vandavasi Jaya Kishore , Liao Chao‐Cheng , Hung Chen‐Ya , Wang Jeh‐Jeng 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe optimized conditions produce diketone structures, subunits of pharmaceutical drugs, in a selective manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Coupling of Aryl Halides with Alkynyl Carboxylic Acids Performed in Water.
Authors: Li Tingyi , Sun Peng , Yang Hailong , Zhu Yan , Yan Hong , Lu Linhua , Mao Jincheng 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe title reaction represents a practical and low‐cost way to prepare arylalkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Dibenz[a,c]anthracene Derivatives Exhibiting Columnar Mesophases over Broad Temperature Ranges.
Authors: Paquette Joseph A. , Yardley Colin J. , Psutka Katie M. , Cochran Melissa A. , Calderon Oliver , Williams Vance E. , Maly Kenneth E. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of a series of novel hexaalkoxydibenzanthracene derivatives is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Terminal and Internal Olefin Epoxidation with Cobalt(II) as the Catalyst: Evidence for an Active Oxidant CoII‐Acylperoxo Species.
Authors: Kim Cheal , et al. et al. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn the presence of MCPBA and Co(ClO4)2, terminal and internal alkenes undergo mild, fast, efficient, and selective epoxidation.
ChemInform Abstract: Ru(CO)‐salen‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Enantiopure Aziridinyl Ketones and Formal Asymmetric Synthesis of (+)‐PD 128907.
Authors: Fukunaga Yasuaki , Uchida Tatsuya , Ito Yutaro , Matsumoto Kenji , Katsuki Tsutomu 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAryl/alkyl vinyl ketones are aziridinated using sulfonyl azide (II) in the presence of 0.5‐1.0 mol% RUT to give almost enantiopure aziridines in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: New Method for the Preparation of 3‐Diazo‐1,3‐dihydroindol‐2‐ones.
Authors: Muzalevskiy V. M. , Balenkova E. S. , Shastin A. V. , Magerramov A. M. , Shikhaliev N. G. , Nenajdenko V. G. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractTitle compounds (II) are formed by oxidation of isatin hydrazones with polyhaloalkanes in the presence of copper salts as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Copper‐Catalyzed Construction of Aryl Pyrroloindolines via an Arylation—Cyclization Cascade.
Authors: Zhu Shaolin , MacMillan David W. C. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractCopper‐catalyzed asymmetric arylation—cyclization cascade of indolylamides with diaryliodonium salts provides an efficient access towards enantioenriched pyrroloindolines in good yields and high enantioselectivities (up to <99% e.e.).
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Metal‐Free Reaction of Imidazoles with Isothiocyanates Involving Cyanophenylacetylene: A Shortcut to N‐(Z‐Alkenyl)imidazole‐2‐carbothioamides.
Authors: Trofimov Boris A. , Andriyankova Ludmila V. , Nikitina Lina P. , Belyaeva Kseniya V. , Mal'kina Anatasiya G. , Afonin Andrei V. , Ushakov Igor' A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe products are of interest as subunits of natural products and drugs.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile, Selective, and Regiocontrolled Synthesis of Oxazolines and Oxazoles Mediated by ZnI3 and FeCl3.
Authors: Senadi Gopal Chandru , Hu Wan‐Ping , Hsiao Jia‐Shing , Vandavasi Jaya Kishore , Chen Chung‐Yu , Wang Jeh‐Jeng 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn situ generated acetylenic amides undergo an intramolecular cyclization in the presence of either ZnI2 or FeCl3 to give 5‐methylene‐2‐oxazolines and 5‐methyloxazoles, correspondingly.
ChemInform Abstract: Alcohol‐Mediated Synthesis of 4‐Oxo‐2‐aryl‐4H‐chromene‐3‐carboxylate Derivatives from 4‐Hydroxycoumarins.
Authors: Zanwar Manoj R. , Raihan Mustafa J. , Gawande Sachin D. , Kavala Veerababurao , Janreddy Donala , Kuo Chun‐Wei , Ambre Ram , Yao Ching‐Fa 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBasic treatment of 4‐hydroxycoumarins with β‐nitrostyrenes and alcohols allows new and straightforward access to chromene‐3‐carboxylates of type (IV) and (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Domino Reaction of gem‐Dibromoenynes with Anilines: A One‐Pot Synthesis of Quinolines and Quinolinones.
Authors: Meng Tianhao , Zhang Wen‐Xiong , Zhang Hui‐Jun , Liang Yun , Xi Zhenfeng 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe Pd‐catalyzed amination is followed by C—C bond formation and C—O coupling to produce functionalized quinoline derivatives from gem‐dibromoenynes and anilines in the presence of NaOtBu.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 2‐Hetaryl‐2‐(tetrahydro‐2‐furanyliden)acetonitriles with 1,3‐N,N‐Binucleophiles.
Authors: Milokhov Demyd S. , Khilya Olga V. , Volovenko Yulian M. , Palamarchuk Gennady V. , Shishkin Oleg V. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe title substrates (I) and (VI) react with amidines, either as carbonates or nitrates, to produce different types of pyrimidine structures.
ChemInform Abstract: InCl3‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 2‐Aryl Quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones and 5‐Aryl Pyrazolo[4,3‐d]pyrimidin‐7(6H)‐ones and Their Evaluation as Potential Anticancer Agents.
Authors: Mulakayala Naveen , Kandagatla Bhaskar , Ismail Ismail , Rapolu Rajesh Kumar , Rao Pallavi , Mulakayala Chaitanya , Kumar Chitta Suresh , Iqbal Javed , Oruganti Srinivas 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA novel approach to title compounds, e.g. (III) and (VI), is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: σ2‐P Ligands: Convenient Syntheses of N‐Methyl‐1,3‐benzazaphospholes.
Authors: Ghalib Mohammed , Niaz Basit , Jones Peter G. , Heinicke Joachim W. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA three‐step sequence is developed for the synthesis of the benzazaphospole (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Enaminophosphines via Palladacycle‐Catalyzed Addition of Ph2PH to α,β‐Unsaturated Imines.
Authors: Huang Yinhua , Chew Renta Jonathan , Pullarkat Sumod A. , Li Yongxin , Leung Pak‐Hing 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA new, efficient, and highly enantioselective method to prepare enaminophosphines is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Sugar‐Derived 2‐Nitroalkanols via Henry Reaction Promoted by Samarium Diiodide or Indium.
Authors: Rodriguez‐Solla Humberto , Alvaredo Noemi , Soengas Raquel G. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe reaction of various sugar aldehydes with bromonitromethane gives similar yields and diastereoselectivities under either conditions A) or B).
ChemInform Abstract: Oxoquinoline Acyclonucleoside Phosphonate Analogues as a New Class of Specific Inhibitors of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1.
Authors: de Souza Maria Cecilia B. V. , et al. et al. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA series of novel oxoquinoline acyclonucleoside phosphonate analogues (III) is evaluated for their antiviral activity against HIV‐1 in PBMC cells.
Adsorption of Complex Pollutants from Aqueous Solutions by Nanocomposite Materials
Authors: Wang Yeoung‐Sheng , Hsieh Shu‐Huei , Lee Chang‐Hung , Horng Jao‐Jia 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn view of water pollutants becoming more complex, both anionic and cationic pollutants need to be removed. The multi‐pollutants simultaneous removal is paid more and more attention. Hence, development composite materials for treatment complex wastewater are the aim of this study. In this research, iron–nickel nanoparticles deposited onto aluminum oxide (α‐Al2O3) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to form nanocomposite materials Fe–Ni/Al2O3 and Fe–Ni/CNTs, respectively, were used as adsorbents. The adsorption capacities of Fe–Ni/Al2O3 and Fe–Ni/CNTs for AO7, HSeO, and Pb2+ were observed to be 5.46, 8.28, 27.02, and 25.6 mg/g, 15.29 and 17.12 mg/g, separately. The composite materials with negative charges were superior in adsorption of anionic pollutants. Using orthogonal experimental design and analysis of variance to co‐treat dye AO7, HSeO and Pb2+ in aqueous solutions, seven testing factors were included: (1) adsorbent types, (2) amount of iron, (3) solution pHs, (4) AO7 concentrations, (5) Pb2+ concentrations, (6) HSeO concentrations and (7) reaction time. The experimental results showed that the removal of complex pollutants AO7, HSeO, and Pb2+ on Fe–Ni/CNTs could reach up to 90% in the optimal treatment conditions. When using Fe–Ni/CNTs as the adsorbent, the sorption isothermals were well fitted in the Freundlich isotherm, and R2 could reach up to 0.98.
Clinical impact of serum exosomal microRNA‐21 as a clinical biomarker in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Tanaka Youhei , Kamohara Hidenobu , Kinoshita Kouichi , Kurashige Junji , Ishimoto Takatsugu , Iwatsuki Masaaki , Watanabe Masayuki , Baba Hideo 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Exosomes are 40‐nm to 100‐nm membrane vesicles that are secreted by various cells, and they play a major role in cell‐cell communication. The objective of this study was to clarify the significance of the levels of microRNA in exosomes extracted from the sera of patients with esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC).METHODS:The authors isolated exosomes in serum samples from patients who had ESCC and from patients who had benign diseases without systemic inflammation. Total RNA was purified from the exosomes, and expression levels of microRNA‐21 (miR‐21) were analyzed by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS:Serum exosomes from patients with ESCC induced the proliferation of ESCC cells in vitro. The expression levels of exosomal miR‐21 were significantly higher in patients with ESCC than those with benign diseases with and without (C‐reactive protein <0.3 mg/dL) systemic inflammation. MiR‐21 was not detected in serum that remained after exosome extraction. Exosomal miR‐21 expression was correlated with advanced tumor classification, positive lymph node status, and the presence of metastasis with inflammation or and clinical stage without inflammation (C‐reactive protein <0.3 mg/dL).CONCLUSIONS:The current results confirmed that exosomal miR‐21 expression is up‐regulated in serum from patients with ESCC versus serum from patients who have benign diseases without systemic inflammation. Exosomal miR‐21 was positively correlated with tumor progression and aggressiveness, suggesting that it may be a useful target for cancer therapy. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.