bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expanding the understanding of local community assembly in adaptive radiations
Authors: Wollenberg Katharina C. , Veith Michael , Lötters Stefan 
Published: December 2013

AbstractCommunities are thought to be assembled by two types of filters: by the environment relating to the fundamental niche and by biotic interactions relating to the realized niche. Both filters include parameters related to functional traits and their variation along environmental gradients. Here, we infer the general importance of environmental filtering of a functional trait determining local community assembly within insular adaptive radiations on the example of CaribbeanAnolislizards. We constructed maps for the probability of presence ofAnolisecomorphs (ecology‐morphology‐behavior specialists) on the Greater Antilles and overlaid these to estimate ecomorph community completeness (ECC) over the landscape. We then tested for differences in environmental parameter spaces among islands for real and cross‐fittedECCvalues to see whether the underlying assembly filters are deterministic (i.e., similar among islands). We then compared information‐theoretic models of climatic and landscape parameters among Greater Antillean islands and inferred whether body mass as functional trait determinesECC. We found areas with highECCto be strongly correlated with environmental filters, partly related to elevation. The environmental parameters influencing highECCdiffered among islands. With the exception of the Jamaican twig ecomorph (which we suspect to be misclassified), smaller ecomorphs were more restricted to higher elevations than larger ones which might reflect filtering on the basis of differential physiological restrictions of ecomorphs. Our results inAnolisshow that local community assembly within adaptive island radiations of animals can be determined by environmental filtering of functional traits, independently from species composition and realized environmental niche space.
Characterisation of high 1,3‐distearoyl‐2‐oleoyl‐sn‐glycerol content stearins produced by acidolysis of high oleic sunflower oil with stearic and palmitic acids
Authors: Ray Joydeep , Smith Kevin W. , Bhaggan Krishnadath , Nagy Zoltan K. , Stapley Andrew G. F. 
Published: December 2013

Nine different stearin fractions with 1,3‐distearoyl‐2‐oleoyl‐sn‐glycerol (StOSt) contents ranging from 69–84% were obtained via fractionation from fats produced by acidolysis of high oleic sunflower oil (HOSO) with various mixtures of stearic (either 95 or 98% pure) and palmitic acids (98% pure). Samples were further treated with silica to reduce the oxidised glyceride and DAG content. Isothermal crystallisation at 20°C showed a single main peak, but evidence of crystallisation during the initial DSC transient was also apparent for high StOSt content samples. This was confirmed as the α form by stop‐and‐return DSC and XRD. The main crystallisation event was generally faster (including a shorter induction time) for samples with higher StOSt levels (lower POSt levels). Silica treatment generally accelerated transformations to higher polymorphs (γ, β′ and β). Raman microscopy experiments showed that crystallisation of the β‐form was achieved after 7 days storage at 20°C but only in the silica treated stearin samples. This is consistent with higher solid fat content (SFC) values that were obtained with silica treated samples, which also increased with higher levels of StOSt. The results suggest that such stearins could potentially replace shea stearin in cocoa butter equivalents (CBE) formulations.Practical applications: This paper has two main practical applications: (i) Provides knowledge and understanding of the crystallisation and polymorphic behaviour of isolated hard stearins, obtained from enzymatic acidolysis of high oleic sunflower oil, which can be further used in CBE formulations. (ii) The presence of minor components significantly delays the crystallisation of the stearins, confirming the desirability of higher quality (less oxidised/hydrolysed) fat ingredients.
Simple power supply for power load controlled isoelectric focusing
Authors: Duša Filip , Šlais Karel 
Published: December 2013

The power supply for IEF based on features of the Cockcroft‐Walton voltage multiplier (CW VM) is described in this work. The article describes a design of the IEF power supply, its electric characteristics, and testing by IEF analysis. A circuit diagram of the power supply included two opposite charged branches (each consisting of four voltage doublers). The designed CW VM was powered by 230 V/50 Hz alternate current and it generated up to 5 kV and 90 mW at the output. Voltage and current characteristics of the power supply were measured by known load resistances in the range from 10 kΩ to 1 GΩ, which is a common resistance range for IEF strip geometry. Further, the power supply was tested by a separation of a model mixture of colored pI markers using a 175 × 3 × 0.5 mm focusing bed. Automatically limited power load enabled analysis of samples without previous optimization of the focusing voltage or electric current time courses according to sample composition. Moreover, the developed power supply did not produce any intrinsic heat and was easy to set up with cheap and commonly available parts.
Effectiveness of narrow band imaging in the detection of premalignant and malignant lesions of the larynx: Validation of a new endoscopic clinical classification
Authors: Bertino Giulia , Cacciola Salvatore , Fernandes Wladir Bastos , Fernandes Carolina Muniz , Occhini Antonio , Tinelli Carmine , Benazzo Marco 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to assess the value of narrow band imaging (NBI) endoscopy in the diagnosis of pharyngolaryngeal lesions and to demonstrate the validity of a new NBI‐based classification of their vascular pattern.MethodsFrom 2009 to 2011, 248 patients with pharyngolaryngeal lesions underwent NBI‐endoscopic evaluation. NBI findings were classified into 5 types according to the Ni classification and were compared with histopathological reports. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated.ResultsSensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV, and NPV were 97.4%, 84.6%, 92.7%, 91.6%, and 95.1%, respectively. Ninety‐eight percent of histologically malignant lesions corresponded to type V endoscopic pattern, whereas 84.8% of the non‐neoplastic lesions corresponded to a type I to IV pattern.ConclusionThe NBI ability to detect changes in the mucosal microvasculature can be useful for distinguishing nonmalignant from malignant lesions. An internationally accepted NBI‐endoscopic classification may contribute to the further definition of the diagnostic validity of this technique. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 215‐222, 2015
The psychological perspective on mental health and mental disorder research: introduction to the ROAMER work package 5 consensus document
Authors: Wittchen Hans‐Ulrich , Knappe Susanne , Schumann Gunter 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of the theoretical framework of the Psychological Sciences' reviews and describes how improved psychological research can foster our understanding of mental health and mental disorders in a complementary way to biomedical research. Core definitions of the field and of psychological interventions and treatment in particular are provided. The work group's consensus regarding strength and weaknesses of European Union (EU) research in critical areas is summarized, highlighting the potential of a broader comprehensive “Behaviour Science programme” in forthcoming programmatic EU funding programmes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The need for a behavioural science focus in research on mental health and mental disorders
Authors: Wittchen Hans‐Ulrich , Knappe Susanne , Andersson Gerhard , Araya Ricardo , Banos Rivera Rosa M. , Barkham Michael , Bech Per , Beckers Tom , Berger Thomas , Berking Matthias , Berrocal Carmen , Botella Christina , Carlbring Per , Chouinard Guy , Colom Francesc , Csillag Claudio , Cujipers Pim , David Daniel , Emmelkamp Paul M.G. , Essau Cecilia A. , Fava Giovanni A. , Goschke Thomas , Hermans Dirk , Hofmann Stefan G. , Lutz Wolfgang , Muris Peter , Ollendick Thomas H. , Raes Filip , Rief Winfried , Riper Heleen , Tossani Eliana , van der Oord Saskia , Vervliet Bram , Haro Josep M. , Schumann Gunter 
Published: December 2013

AbstractPsychology as a science offers an enormous diversity of theories, principles, and methodological approaches to understand mental health, abnormal functions and behaviours and mental disorders. A selected overview of the scope, current topics as well as strength and gaps in Psychological Science may help to depict the advances needed to inform future research agendas specifically on mental health and mental disorders. From an integrative psychological perspective, most maladaptive health behaviours and mental disorders can be conceptualized as the result of developmental dysfunctions of psychological functions and processes as well as neurobiological and genetic processes that interact with the environment. The paper presents and discusses an integrative translational model, linking basic and experimental research with clinical research as well as population‐based prospective‐longitudinal studies. This model provides a conceptual framework to identify how individual vulnerabilities interact with environment over time, and promote critical behaviours that might act as proximal risk factors for ill‐health and mental disorders. Within the models framework, such improved knowledge is also expected to better delineate targeted preventive and therapeutic interventions that prevent further escalation in early stages before the full disorder and further complications thereof develop. In contrast to conventional “personalized medicine” that typically targets individual (genetic) variation of patients who already have developed a disease to improve medical treatment, the proposed framework model, linked to a concerted funding programme of the “Science of Behaviour Change”, carries the promise of improved diagnosis, treatment and prevention of health‐risk behaviour constellations as well as mental disorders. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling the residue function in DSC‐MRI simulations: Analytical approximation to in vivo data
Authors: Mehndiratta Amit , Calamante Fernando , MacIntosh Bradley J. , Crane David E. , Payne Stephen J. , Chappell Michael A. 
Published: December 2013

PurposeAn exponential residue function is commonly used in numerical simulations to assess the accuracy of perfusion quantification using dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI. Although this might be a reasonable assumption for normal tissue, microvascular hemodynamics are likely to be significantly altered in pathology. Thus the exponential function may no longer be appropriate and the estimated accuracy of DSC‐MRI quantification might be inappropriate. The purpose of this study was to characterize in vivo residue function variations in normal and infarcted tissue in a chronic atherosclerotic disease cohort, and to find the most appropriate model for use in DSC simulations.MethodsResidue functions were measured in vivo in patients with atherosclerotic disease using a nonparametric Control Point Interpolation method, which has been shown to provide a robust characterization of the shape of the residue function. The observed residue functions were approximated with five commonly used analytical expressions: exponential, bi‐exponential, Lorentzian, and Fermi functions, and a previously proposed Vascular Model.ResultsThe lowest error was found with the bi‐exponential function approximations to the in vivo residue functions from both normal and infarcted tissue.ConclusionA bi‐exponential model should therefore be used in future numerical simulations of DSC‐MRI instead of the exponential function. Magn Reson Med 72:1486–1491, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of Donor Priority Strategy on Relationship Fundraising Outcomes
Authors: Boenigk Silke , Scherhag Christian 
Published: December 2013

AbstractNonprofit organizations commonly implement donor priority strategies, yet little research has explored the effects of this relationship strategy. Whereas previous research highlighted the positive effects of benefit segmentation and analyzed donor motives to choose a specific donation level, this study investigates the effects of priority benefit perception on relationship factors such as donor satisfaction, donor loyalty, upgrade/downgrade intentions, and voluntary behavior. Based on data from the German cultural sector—804 donors of a friend circle that differentiates two donation levels—the results of the partial least squares path analysis show that donors' perception of priority benefits positively affects donor satisfaction and donor loyalty. The study also shows that a priority strategy negatively influences intentions to downgrade among higher‐prioritized donors and positively enhances intentions to upgrade among lower‐prioritized donors. Applying multigroup comparison the authors find that most relationship effects do not differ significantly across higher‐ and lower‐prioritized donors. This study thereby supports the implementation of donor priority strategy among cultural organizations because of its advantages for developing strong relationships with donors of all levels. Several managerial recommendations are given; for example, managers should better implement only a few instead of a large number of donor levels, should determine carefully which benefits to offer at the different levels, and analyze the donor base in order to identify donors with strong potential for upgrading.
A text messaging‐assisted randomized lifestyle weight loss clinical trial among overweight adults in Beijing
Authors: Lin Pao‐Hwa , Wang Yanfang , Levine Erica , Askew Sandy , Lin Shenting , Chang Cuiqing , Sun Jiani , Foley Perry , Wang Haijun , Li Xu , Bennett Gary G. 
Published: December 2013

ObjectiveThe impact of a text messaging‐assisted lifestyle weight loss intervention on weight change among overweight adults in Beijing was examined.MethodsIt was a 6‐month randomized two arm clinical trial. The control group received a brief advice session after randomization. The intervention group received three group sessions, five coaching calls, and a daily text message prompting participants to follow predetermined lifestyle goals.ResultsA total of 123 participants were randomized. At 6 months, controls gained 0.24 ± 0.28 kg (0.21% ± 0.38%) (NS) while intervention participants lost 1.6 ± 0.28 kg (2.31% ± 0.38%) (p < 0.0001). Intervention participants decreased waist circumference (WC) (−2.69 ± 0.43 cm, p < 0.0001), percent body fat (%BF) (−0.66% ± 0.19%, p = 0.0007), and systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) significantly (−1.71 ± 1.12/−3.24 ± 0.87 mmHg), while the controls had no change in WC and %BF and increased SBP/DBP by 2.43 ± 1.14/1.20 ± 0.88 mmHg (between groups: p = 0.01/p = 0.0004).ConclusionsThis text message‐assisted lifestyle intervention was effective in reducing weight, WC, %BF, and improving BP. Coupled with the scalable feature of the intervention, this finding is intriguing in light of the potential reach of the intervention for countries like China where mobile phone penetration is high and the obesity rate continues to rise.
Exercise capacity in adolescent and adult patients with post infectious bronchiolitis obliterans
Authors: Frohlich Luiz Felipe , Vieira Paulo J.C. , Teixeira Paulo José Zimermann , Silva Fernando Abreu , Ribeiro Jorge P. , Berton Danilo C. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundPost‐infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PBO) is a chronic lung disease characterized by the persistence of continuous obstructive respiratory symptoms following an acute and severe respiratory infection in children under 3 years old. The purpose of the present study was to investigate if adolescents and adults with diagnosis of PBO have reduced aerobic capacity and identify factors related with exercise performance.MethodsA convenience sample of 16 patients (10–23 years) that have consulted with established diagnosis of PBO in a tertiary care clinic were studied. Fourteen healthy matched subjects were selected from the community to serve as controls. They performed resting lung function tests and cycle incremental cardiopulmonary exercise tests.ResultsPeak aerobic capacity (peak ) was significantly lower in patients compared to controls (84 ± 15 vs. 101 ± 17% pred; P < 0.01). Peak was correlated with rest inspiratory capacity (IC) (r = 0.60; P = 0.02) and marginally with forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) (r = 0.45; P = 0.09). Additionally, FEV1 was correlated with IC (r = 0.83; P < 0.01) and residual volume/total lung capacity (r = −0.91, P < 0.01).ConclusionsAdolescent and adult patients with PBO had reduced peak compared to healthy controls. Peak was correlated with parameters of airflow limitation and rest hyperinflation. The greater the air flow limitation (lower FEV1) the greater the hyperinflation, air trapping, and aerobic capacity reduction. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:911–918. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interpreting Migration Through the Prism of Reasons for Moves
Authors: Clark William A. V. , Maas Regan 
Published: December 2013

AbstractSome interpretations of migration juxtapose jobs and amenities as alternative explanations for migration and regional growth but there is substantial evidence that migrants juggle a more complex set of motivations for migration than simply the attraction of a new job or a nice place to live. Occupational opportunities, family needs, communities, and lifestyles all play competing roles when households decide to move. This has always been true for local moves but appears to be relevant in longer distance moves also. We use data from the Housing, Income, and Labour Dynamics Survey in Australia to unpack the relative role of a wide variety of responses to the question – why did you move. The paper provides evidence that while migration is clearly related to labour market opportunities, non‐economic motivations including family change, lifestyle choices, and housing needs also play powerful roles in long‐distance migration decisions and often come with significant economic benefits. Clearly, jobs matter but it may be that they are the context within which migration occurs rather than simply an adjustment mechanism in the labour market. Survey data confirm that most moves are not generated by jobs per se, and the distribution of gains varies considerably by gender and reason for moves. Overall, this research emphasises the complexity of modern migration decisions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
miRNA sponges: soaking up miRNAs for regulation of gene expression
Authors: Bak Rasmus O. , Mikkelsen Jacob Giehm 
Published: December 2013

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs that act in an entangled web of interactions with target mRNAs to shape the cellular protein landscape by post‐transcriptional control of mRNA decay and translation. miRNAs are themselves subject to numerous regulatory mechanisms that adjust their prevalence and activity. Emerging evidence suggests that miRNAs are themselves targeted by regulatory RNA species, and the identification of several classes of noncoding RNA molecules carrying miRNA binding sites has added a new intricate dimension to miRNA regulation. Such miRNA ‘sponges’ bind miRNAs and competitively sequester them from their natural targets. Endogenous miRNA sponges, also termed competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), act to buffer the activity of miRNAs on physiologically relevant targets. This class of sponges includes endogenously transcribed pseudogenes, long noncoding RNAs, and recently discovered circular RNAs and may act in large complex networks in conjunction with miRNAs to regulate the output of protein. With the growing demand of regulating miRNA activity for experimental purposes and potential future clinical use, naturally occurring miRNA sponges are providing inspiration for engineering of gene vector‐encoded sponges as potent inhibitors of miRNA activity. Combined with potent and versatile vector technologies, expression of custom‐designed sponges provides new means of managing miRNAs and soaking up miRNAs for therapeutic regulation of gene expression.This article is categorized under:

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Small Molecule–RNA Interactions
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs
RNA Methods > RNA Analyses in Cells
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Located in the Isthmus or Upper Third is Associated with Delphian Lymph Node Metastasis
Authors: Chai Young Jun , Kim Su‐jin , Choi June Young , Koo Do Hoon , Lee Kyu Eun , Youn Yeo‐Kyu 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackground
Delphian lymph node (DLN) metastasis is a recognized indicator of further lymph node involvement in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological significance of and risk factors for DLN metastasis.MethodsThe medical records of 1,436 patients who underwent primary thyroidectomy for classical PTC with a tumor size of 2 cm or less were reviewed. Of these, 370 patients from whom the DLN was harvested were enrolled. Metastasis in DLN was present in 46 patients and absent in 324 patients. Clinicopathological features were compared according to DLN metastasis.ResultsIn univariate analysis, DLN metastasis was associated with suspected lymph node metastasis on preoperative ultrasonography, tumor location in the isthmus or upper third of the thyroid, larger tumor size, extrathyroid extension, lymphovascular invasion, and further lymph node metastasis. Multivariable analysis revealed that DLN metastasis was associated with tumor location in the isthmus or upper third of the thyroid (odds ratio [OR] = 2.420; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.193–4.910) and further lymph node metastasis (OR = 4.746; 95 % CI 2.065–10.908).ConclusionsDLN metastasis in PTC is associated with tumor location in the isthmus or upper third of the thyroid and unfavorable clinicopathological characteristics. Careful consideration and patient management are warranted when preoperative ultrasonography indicates that the tumor is located in the isthmus or upper third of the thyroid.