bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of Alkoxy Spirophosphoranes Prepared from Hydrospirophosphoranes and Sodium Alcoholates
Authors: Dai Wang , Liu Qiangqiang , You Xiaohui , Zhou Zhongfei , Guo Yanchun , Zhao Yufen , Cao Shuxia 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThe Atherton–Todd‐type reaction of hydrospirophosphoranes (HSPs) and sodium alcoholates was investigated. Direct alkoxylation of HSPs was accomplished with sodium alcoholates in acetonitrile under nitrogen atmosphere. The stereochemistry mechanism of the alkoxidation of HSPs was proposed by the 31P NMR tracing experiment. The reaction proceeded via the chlorinated spirophosphorane intermediate with stereoretention of the configuration at phosphorus, followed by the rear and front attack of alkoxide anions to produce alkoxy spirophosphoranes. The reaction mechanism well explained the results of the reaction of HSPs with sodium alcoholates.
Optimization of singlet oxygen production from photosensitizer‐incorporated, medically relevant hydrogels
Authors: De Baróid Áine T. , McCoy Colin P. , Craig Rebecca A. , Carson Louise , Andrews Gavin P. , Jones David S. , Gorman Sean P. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy and photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy are widely used, but despite this, the relationships between fluence, wavelength of irradiation and singlet oxygen (1O2) production are poorly understood. To establish the relationships between these factors in medically relevant materials, the effect of fluence on 1O2 production from a tetrakis(4‐N‐methylpyridyl)porphyrin (TMPyP)‐incorporated 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate: methyl methacrylate: methacrylic acid (HEMA: MMA:MAA) copolymer, a total energy of 50.48 J/cm2, was applied at varying illumination power, and times. 1O2 production was characterized using anthracene‐9,10‐dipropionic acid, disodium salt (ADPA) using a recently described method. Using two light sources, a white LED array and a white halogen source, the LED array was found to produce less 1O2 than the halogen source when the same power (over 500 − 600 nm) and time conditions were applied. Importantly, it showed that the longest wavelength Q band (590 nm) is primarily responsible for 1O2 generation, and that a linear relationship exists between increasing power and time and the production of singlet oxygen. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 320–326, 2017.
Carbohydrate‐Deficient Transferrin Determination in a Clinical Setting: Consistency Between Capillary Electrophoresis Assays and Utility of HPLC as a Confirmatory Test
Authors: Veronesi Agnese , Rota Cristina , Trenti Tommaso , Cariani Elisabetta 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundCarbohydrate‐deficient transferrin (CDT) is used to assess chronic alcohol consumption in administrative and forensic context. The aim of the present study was the optimization of the diagnostic strategy for CDT determination in a clinical laboratory setting.MethodsTwo capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) assays, the CEofix CDT (Analis, Suarlée, Belgium) run on single capillary MDQ instrument and the muticapillary (Sebia, Lisses, France), were compared as screening methods and a commercial high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay (Recipe, Munich, Germany) was used for confirmation.ResultsIn total, 367 serum samples were analyzed by both CZE assays with concordant classification in 92% of cases. All discordant samples were classified as negative by HPLC, as did 2/3 of those that could not be classified by either CZE assay. Classification of samples with CDT values close to cut‐off by CZE was confirmed by HPLC in 95–100% of negative samples but only in 28.6–33.3% of positive samples.ConclusionsBoth CZE assays proved suitable for CDT screening. HPLC was useful for discriminating CDT value in most of samples that could not be interpreted by CZE due to analytical interferences. Considering the implication of CDT testing, HPLC assay may also be helpful for the confirmation of positive results close to the cut‐off value of CZE assays.
Regional high‐resolution cloud climatology based on MODIS cloud detection data
Authors: Kotarba Andrzej Z. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTMost satellite cloud climatologies come in the form of global, low‐resolution datasets: so‐ called ‘gridded’ Level 3 products, resulting from the reprojection and spatio‐temporal aggregation of swath (Level 2) data. Their coarse resolution means that global datasets are of limited usefulness in regional studies. In this paper we develop and evaluate a new, regional cloud climatology over Poland and its neighbouring countries (∼10% of the area covered by Europe), based on observations performed with the state‐of‐the‐art cloud imager, the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS). In contrast to the operational, global MODIS cloud climatology, which is delivered as a Level 3 product at a spatial resolution of 1° × 1°, this regional climatology maintains the MODIS nadir spatial resolution of 1 km/pixel. The resulting high‐spatial‐resolution climatology is compared with AVHRR and SEVIRI datasets, and surface‐based (SYNOP) observations at the level of monthly and annual means. The results shows that the standard MODIS Level 2 cloud mask product MOD35/MYD35 can be successfully used to develop a regional, high‐resolution cloud climatology. MODIS provides reliable estimates of cloud amount at the national scale (annual mean: 64.0% or 70.8%, depending on the MODIS data interpretation scheme), and correctly reproduces the annual cloud amount cycle (correlation between monthly means with SEVIRI/AVHRR >0.98). A comparison with monthly mean surface observations reveals a bias ranging from −1.1% up to 5.9%, and a root mean square error of 4.2% − 6.6%. MODIS data also correctly indicates the spatial distribution of clouds. However, local anomalies were detected that were identified as artifacts of the MODIS cloud detection algorithm. Those artifacts covered 9% of the study area, but had no impact on spatially‐averaged metrics.
Effects of recombinant lipoxygenase on the rheological properties of dough and the quality of noodles
Authors: Zhang Chong , Zhang Shuang , Bie Xiaomei , Zhao Haizhen , Lu Fengxia , Lu Zhaoxin 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe effects of purified recombinant lipoxygenase (ana‐rLOX) on the rheological properties of dough and the quality of noodles made from wheat flour with low protein content (Yanmai 15) were studied.RESULTSThe addition of ana‐rLOX increased dough stability time, decreased the degree of softening within 12 min, enhanced the resistance to extension, and increased the extensibility with 135 min of resting time. The mechanical spectra of the dough showed an increase in both storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) with increasing ana‐rLOX levels. The L* values of the noodle sheets increased by 2.34 compared with the control after storing for 1 h at room temperature. The textural parameters of noodles improved after ana‐rLOX addition, including hardness, gumminess, chewiness and springiness. The wheat flour treated with the ana‐rLOX had a higher cooking yield and lower cooking loss for the resulting noodles. The scanning electron microscopy results revealed that gluten was formed in the noodle samples that were treated with ana‐rLOX.CONCLUSIONIn this study, ana‐rLOX was applied to noodles during the noodle‐making process, and both dough rheological characteristics and noodle quality were improved. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Plasmon resonance in multilayer graphene nanoribbons
Authors: Emani Naresh Kumar , Wang Di , Chung Ting‐Fung , Prokopeva Ludmila J. , Kildishev Alexander V. , Shalaev Vladimir M. , Chen Yong P. , Boltasseva Alexandra 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPlasmon resonances in nanopatterned single‐layer graphene nanoribbons (SL‐GNRs), double‐layer graphene nanoribbons (DL‐GNRs) and triple‐layer graphene nanoribbons (TL‐GNRs) are studied experimentally using ‘realistic’ graphene samples. The existence of electrically tunable plasmons in stacked multilayer graphene nanoribbons was first experimentally verified by infrared microscopy. We find that the strength of the plasmonic resonance increases in DL‐GNRs when compared to SL‐GNRs. However, further increase was not observed in TL‐GNRs when compared to DL‐GNRs. We carried out systematic full‐wave simulations using a finite‐element technique to validate and fit experimental results, and extract the carrier‐scattering rate as a fitting parameter. The numerical simulations show remarkable agreement with experiments for an unpatterned SLG sheet, and a qualitative agreement for a patterned graphene sheet. We conclude with our perspective of the key bottlenecks in both experiments and theoretical models.
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Group 4 complexes bearing bis(salphen) ligands: Synthesis, characterization, and polymerization studies
Authors: Mandal Mrinmay , Chakraborty Debashis 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTSix different complexes containing bis(salphen) [salphen = N,N'‐phenylenebis(salicylideneimine)] ligands were synthesized and characterized by various spectroscopic techniques and elemental analysis. In the presence of benzyl alcohol as an initiator, all the complexes catalyze the ring‐opening polymerization of lactide and ε‐caprolactone, generating high molecular weight (Mn) polymers in a controlled fashion. The linear relationship between the % conversion and Mn proved the control over the polymerization process. The presence of OBn group as an end group was confirmed by MALDI‐TOF and 1H NMR spectral analysis of low Mn oligomers. The polymerization followed first‐order kinetics as revealed by kinetic experiments. All the complexes were good precatalysts for the polymerization of ethylene. The effect of temperature and time on the yield and activity toward the polymerization of ethylene were widely investigated. In addition, in the presence of tetrabutylammonium bromide as cocatalyst, the formation of degradable polycarbonate with moderate Mn value and narrow molecular weight distributions was observed by the copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide with CO2. The effect of initiator structure, temperature, CO2 pressure, catalyst/cocatalyst loading on the activity, and selectivity toward copolymerization were systematically examined. The thermal properties of the copolymer synthesized were explored using differential scanning calorimetric and thermogravimetric analysis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 809–824
Elliptical Small‐Angle X‐Ray Scattering Patterns from Aligned Lamellar Arrays
Authors: Grubb David , Murthy N. Sanjeeva , Francescangeli Oriano 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTSemicrystalline polymers aligned by drawing into films or fibers produce small‐angle X‐ray scattering patterns with two or four spots. Some liquid crystalline materials, cybotactic nematics, produce extremely similar patterns when oriented in magnetic fields. A structure of stacked lamellae, tilted for four point patterns, explain the basic features. However, the peak intensity positions of the broadened reflections lie not on a layer line or on the arc of a circle, but very close to an ellipse. Specific structural explanations of this feature have been suggested, but models using an equilibrium distribution of molecular orientations and lamellar tilts can predict elliptical shapes for the reflections. The model parameters are chosen by fitting the entire 2D intensity distribution of the scattering pattern. Assumptions required for modeling make some fitted parameters uncertain, but it is clear that the elliptical form can emerge from a statistical distribution of the properties of the stacks of lamellae, without a directly assignable structural cause. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 308–318
First off‐time treatment prostate‐specific antigen kinetics predicts survival in intermittent androgen deprivation for prostate cancer
Authors: Sanchez‐Salas Rafael , Olivier Fabien , Prapotnich Dominique , Dancausa José , Fhima Mehdi , David Stéphane , Secin Fernando P. , Ingels Alexandre , Barret Eric , Galiano Marc , Rozet François , Cathelineau Xavier 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUNDProstate‐specific antigen (PSA) doubling time is relying on an exponential kinetic pattern. This pattern has never been validated in the setting of intermittent androgen deprivation (IAD). Objective is to analyze the prognostic significance for PCa of recurrent patterns in PSA kinetics in patients undergoing IAD.METHODSA retrospective study was conducted on 377 patients treated with IAD. On‐treatment period (ONTP) consisted of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist injections combined with oral androgen receptor antagonist. Off‐treatment period (OFTP) began when PSA was lower than 4 ng/ml. ONTP resumed when PSA was higher than 20 ng/ml. PSA values of each OFTP were fitted with three basic patterns: exponential (PSA(t) = λ.eαt), linear (PSA(t) = a.t), and power law (PSA(t) = a.tc). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression model analyzed predictive factors for oncologic outcomes.RESULTSOnly 45% of the analyzed OFTPs were exponential. Linear and power law PSA kinetics represented 7.5% and 7.7%, respectively. Remaining fraction of analyzed OFTPs (40%) exhibited complex kinetics. Exponential PSA kinetics during the first OFTP was significantly associated with worse oncologic outcome. The estimated 10‐year cancer‐specific survival (CSS) was 46% for exponential versus 80% for nonexponential PSA kinetics patterns. The corresponding 10‐year probability of castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) was 69% and 31% for the two patterns, respectively. Limitations include retrospective design and mixed indications for IAD.CONCLUSIONPSA kinetic fitted with exponential pattern in approximately half of the OFTPs. First OFTP exponential PSA kinetic was associated with a shorter time to CRPC and worse CSS. Prostate 76:13–21, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polariton dispersion relations under condensation in a CuBr microcavity
Authors: Nakayama Masaaki , Murakami Katsuya , Kim DaeGwi 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe have investigated the exciton‐polariton condensation in a CuBr microcavity with HfO2/SiO2 distributed Bragg reflectors, focusing on condensation effects on polariton dispersion relations. The polariton distribution as a function of in‐plane wave vector k// under illumination was measured with angle‐resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. In addition, we characterized the intrinsic polariton dispersion relations as reference data from analysis of the results obtained using angle‐resolved reflectance spectroscopy. It was found that the polariton condensation causes a large blueshift of the lower polariton branch (LPB) and a flat dispersion relation around the ground state at k//=0. The renormalized dispersion relation of the LPB under the polariton condensation was quantitatively analysed using a theory for a diffusive Goldstone mode peculiar to nonequilibrium condensation. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Differences in the Limits of Stability Between Older Rolling Walker Users and Older Single-Tip-Cane Users — A Preliminary Study
Authors: Liu Hao (Howe) , Quiben Myles , Holmes Clayton , Connors Michael , Salem Yasser 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

Purpose:
To identify the differences in the limits of stability (LOS) between older rolling walker and single-tip-cane users.

Design:
This was a matched paired t-test design with repeated measure.

Methods:
Eighteen older subjects were matched based on age, gender, and functional level. The subjects were assessed using the multidirectional reach test initially and 5-month later in four directions: forward, backward, leftward, and rightward.

Findings:
Initially, there were no differences between cane users and rolling walker users in the LOS in all directions. However, 5-month later, the cane users who held their canes in their right hand had significantly better stability in forward and rightward reach than the walker users (p < .05). Further, the walker users demonstrated significantly decreased functional reach in forward reach (p < .05).

Conclusion:
Cane users might have better stability than walker users in the forward direction and in the direction toward the side holding the cane. This study may provide guide for clinicians including nurses for selecting appropriate rehabilitative interventions for older adults using walkers and canes.
Biosynthesis of mercapturic acid derivative of the labdane-type diterpene, cyslabdan that potentiates imipenem activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: cyslabdan is generated by mycothiol-mediated xenobiotic detoxification
Authors: Ikeda Haruo , Shin-ya Kazuo , Nagamitsu Tohru , Tomoda Hiroshi 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Genome mining of cyslabdan-producing Streptomyces cyslabdanicus K04-0144 revealed that a set of four genes, cldA, cldB, cldC, and cldD (the cld cluster), which formed a single transcriptional unit, were involved in the biosynthesis of cyslabdan that potentiates imipenem activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Experimental studies supported the heterologous expression of the cld cluster of S. cyslabdanicus K04-0144 in S. avermitilis SUKA22, and transformants carrying the cld cluster produced not only cyslabdan A (1), but also its new derivatives, 17-hydroxyl-1 (2) and 2-hydroxyl-1 (3), in the culture broth. An analysis of diterpene metabolites in the mycelia showed that a large amount of a novel intermediate had accumulated and its structure was elucidated as (7S, 8S, 12E)-8,17-epoxy-7-hydroxylabda-12,14-diene (4). The cld-like cluster (rmn cluster) was also detected in the genome of S. anulatus GM95 by searching our in-house genome databases, and the heterologous expression of the rmn cluster in S. avermitilis SUAK22 demonstrated that the rmn cluster was involved in the biosynthesis of the labdane-type bicyclic diterpene, raimonol (7). CldA/RmnA catalyzed the generation of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) from dimethylallyl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate. CldB/RmnB converted GGPP to (+)-copalyl diphosphate, and CldD/RmnD generated labda-8(17),12(E),14-triene (5). CldC introduced two oxygen atoms at C-7 and C-8,17 to generate 4, while RmnC hydroxylated 5 at C-7 to generate 7. The heterologous expression of the cld cluster suggested that four gene products catalyzed to generate 4, but not 1. The deletion mutant of the gene encoding the mycothiol (MSH)-S-conjugate amidase (mca) of S. avermitilis SUKA22 carrying the cld cluster failed to produce 1, but accumulated 4 in the mycelia, whereas S. avermitilis SUKA22 and its mca-deletion mutant carrying the cld cluster both produced the MSH-S-conjugate of 4. The intermediate 4 was converted into the MSH-S-conjugate with MSH, which was achieved through a non-enzymatic nucleophilic reaction. The MSH-S-conjugate of 4 generated was further hydrolyzed to generate the mercapturic acid derivative, 1, by MSH-S-conjugate amidase and 1 was excreted from the mycelia.
Does physical therapy prevent post-operative delay in return of function following tension-band plating?
Authors: Fillingham Yale A. , Luthringer Tyler , Erickson Brandon J. , Kogan Monica 
Published: October 2015

Purpose The clinical outcomes and complications of tension-band plating have been well documented, and commonly include a post-operative delay in return of function. We performed a retrospective comparison study to evaluate the capacity of immediate post-operative physical therapy to prevent this post-operative delay in return of function. Methods Sixty-seven consecutive growth-deformity patients who were treated with tension-band plating at a single institution fulfilled the study criteria. Patients were allocated into two treatment groups: no post-operative physical therapy and immediately post-operative physical therapy. All patients were evaluated for delayed return of function, which was defined as use of crutches, lack of >90° flexion and full extension of the knee, or persistent pain requiring medication at the initial 2-week follow-up visit. Rates of delayed function were compared between the two treatment groups. Results Among the study participants, 48 patients had no physical therapy and 19 patients had immediate post-operative physical therapy. Eighteen patients in the no physical therapy group reported a delay (37.5 %) while only 2 patients in the physical therapy treatment group reported a delay (10.5 %); p = 0.0386. Conclusions Delayed return of function dramatically affects pediatric patients, causing unnecessary absence from school and strain on the caregiver. Therefore, it is important to identify treatment modalities to help mitigate the complications of surgery. We conclude that the use of immediate post-operative physical therapy statistically significantly helps patients to return more rapidly to their functional level.
The Hidden Costs of Reconciling Surgical Sponge Counts
Authors: Steelman Victoria M. , Schaapveld Ann G. , Perkhounkova Yelena , Storm Hillary E. , Mathias Michelle 
Published: October 2015

AbstractRetained surgical sponges are serious adverse events that can result in negative patient outcomes. The primary method of prevention is the sponge count. Searching for sponges to reconcile counts can result in inefficient use of OR time. The purpose of this descriptive study was to estimate the cost of nonproductive OR time (ie, time spent not moving forward with the surgical procedure) spent reconciling surgical sponge counts and the cost of using radiography to rule out the presence of retained sponges. We included 13,322 patient surgeries during a nine‐month period. Perioperative personnel required from one to 90 minutes of additional time to reconcile each of 212 incorrect/unresolved counts. The total annualized cost of OR time spent searching for sponges and ruling out the presence of potentially retained sponges using radiography was $219,056. These costs should be included in comprehensive cost analyses when considering alternatives to supplement the surgical count.
Standardizing the Handling of Surgical Specimens
Authors: Shirey Cheryl , Perrego Kristen 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTo standardize the handling of surgical specimens, the OR clinical educators in a community hospital setting devised a series of departmental changes as a quality improvement project. A newly created skill validation was reviewed in an hour‐long educational meeting with all OR staff members. In addition to creating a new annual skill validation, discussions about specimens were included in the hand over, the time out, and a newly instituted debriefing tool to be used toward the end of a procedure. This interdisciplinary group devised interventions to improve the process of handling specimens such as standardizing the labeling process and changing the transparency of the specimen container. The goal was to assure standardization of specimen handling, specifically to assist novice staff members, and to harmonize inconsistencies between specialties within the practice of existing staff members. These combined methods helped to ensure accurate communication and procurement of specimens for all procedures.