bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying relevant feature-action associations for grasping unmodelled objects
Authors: Thomsen Mikkel Tang , Kraft Dirk , Krüger Norbert 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAction affordance learning based on visual sensory information is a crucial problem within the development of cognitive agents. In this paper, we present a method for learning action affordances based on basic visual features, which can vary in their granularity, order of combination and semantic content. The method is provided with a large and structured set of visual features, motivated by the visual hierarchy in primates and finds relevant feature action associations automatically. We apply our method in a simulated environment on three different object sets for the case of grasp affordance learning. For box objects,we achieve a 0.90 success probability, 0.80 for round objects and up to 0.75 for open objects, when presented with novel objects. In thiswork,we demonstrate, in particular, the effect of choosing appropriate feature representations. We demonstrate a significant performance improvement by increasing the complexity of the perceptual representation. By that, we present important insights in how the design of the feature space influences the actual learning problem.
Investigation of synthesis and processing of cellulose, cellulose acetate and poly(ethylene oxide) nanofibers incorporating anti-cancer/tumor drug cis-diammineplatinum (II) dichloride using electrospinning techniques
Authors: Absar Saheem , Khan Mujibur , Edwards Kyle , Neumann Jeffrey 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA model anti-cancer/tumor drug cis-diammineplatinum (II) dichloride (cisplatin) was loaded into micro- and nanofibers of cellulose, cellulose acetate (CA) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), using various electrospinning techniques. Single-nozzle electrospinning was used to fabricate neat fibers of each category. Drug loading in cellulose fibers was performed using single-nozzle electrospinning. Encapsulation of cisplatin in CA and PEO-based fibers was performed using coaxial electrospinning. Morphological analysis of the fibers was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The various categories of fibers exhibited diverse morphological features depending on the material compositions and applied process parameters. The drug-loaded cellulose nanofibers showed attached particles on the surface. These particles were composed of both the polymer and the drug. The CA-cisplatin fibers exhibited drug encapsulation within various diverse morphological conformations: hierarchical structures such as straw-sheaf-shaped particles, dendritic branched nanofibers and swollen fibers with large beads. However, in the case of PEO fibers, drug encapsulation was observed inside repeating dumbbell-shaped structures. Morphological development of the fibers and corresponding mode of drug encapsulation were correlated with process parameters such as applied voltage, concentrations and relative feed rates of the solutions and conductivities of the solvents.
In situ time-resolved HEROS study of Pt electronic structure during regenerative H2-O2 cycles
Authors: Sá Jacinto 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe report an in situ time-resolved high-energy resolution off-resonant spectroscopy (HEROS) study with unprecedented 100 ms time resolution revealing the unoccupied electronic states of platinum during regenerative oxidation and reduction cycles. The study depicted a slowed oxidation step in comparison with reduction. The oxidation cycle is composed of two characteristic stages, namely adsorption of dissociated oxygen followed by partial oxidation of Pt subsurface. Besides improved temporal resolution of the experiment, the detected reduction process of platinum showed no intermediate features and was completed in a single step within a few seconds.
Governmental Research Support Programs and Private Entities in Slovakia
Authors: Maliková Zuzana , Kubák Matúš , Bačík Radovan , Fišar Miloš 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The paper analyses public subsidies aimed to enhance development and innovation in the Slovakian private sector. The paper reviews theoretical approaches of the necessity of public support to research and development activities in order to increase private investment in research and development. An overview of research and development support tools in Slovakia is presented. The analytical part of the work is oriented on a comparative analysis of two granting agencies in Slovakia [Agency for Research and Development (ARD) and Agency of Operational Program Research and Development (OPRD)]. Special attention is given to direct public financial support. Logit analysis showed a relationship between success of grant applicants and their characteristics. We find that the following have impact on success of the application: Age of the company, amount of the grant required, legal form of the company, and the agency to which the application for grant was submitted. Applicants with legal form Ltd. (limited liability company) have a higher chance of receiving grant than other legal forms. The highest chance of success has a request for a grant of up to 500.000 €. According to the results of our analysis, the chance to obtain a grant decreases with each passing year.
The Origins of the Income Theory of Money
Authors: Menšík Josef 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The income theory of money was conceived in the 19th century, and in the first half of the 20th century it formed the backbone of all the main monetary approaches of the time. Yet, since it did so mostly implicitly rather than explicitly, and since the later developments moved economic theory in a different direction, the income theory of money is hardly remembered at present. While mainly accounting for the origins of the approach, I am also offering a brief comparison with the present mainstream economics and I shortly address the question of the possible future of the theory too. The income theory of money explains how nominal prices are formed by interaction of nominal expenditures streams with real streams of goods sold. While various ideas leading to this theory were expressed already by John Law, Richard Cantillon, and Jean-Baptiste Say, it is perhaps only Thomas Tooke whom we might want to call the originator of the theory. Within the Classical School of Political Economy, Tooke's ideas were further elaborated by John Stuart Mill. The theory reached a momentous formulation in the works of Knut Wicksell, in many respects a similar exposition was delivered also by Friedrich Wieser. The recognition of the theory was impaired by a change of the main-stream paradigm as well as by a surge in emphasis laid on the quantitative modelling in economics. Yet, there are certain fundamental questions of the monetary theory which the general equilibrium style models cannot cope with, while the income theory of money can, at least to a certain degree. This might give the theory some hope for the future.
What Do We Know about Justin’s “School” in Rome?
Authors: Ulrich Jörg 
Published: April 2015

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
In den Apologien Justins finden sich zahlreiche Hinweise, die mittelbar oder unmittelbar Rückschlüsse auf den Unterrichtsbetrieb an der Schule Justins in Rom erlauben. Eine Untersuchung der in den Apologien verwendeten Terminologie lässt darauf schließen, dass der Gegenstand des Unterrichts die Weitergabe überlieferter christlicher Tradition war und Justin das Ziel verfolgte, bei den Schülern einen bereits bestehenden Konsens zu dieser Überlieferung zu stärken oder noch nicht bestehenden Konsens hervorzurufen. Die intensive Verwendung didaktischen Instrumentariums entspricht den zeitgenössischen Anforderungen an Unterricht und zeigt, wie sehr Justin bemüht ist, sich in seiner Lehre auf Augenhöhe mit konkurrierenden Schulen zu bewegen. Über das institutionelle setting der Schule sind Aussagen schwer möglich; man wird sich die Strukturen nicht allzu fest fixiert vorstellen dürfen. Deutlich werden der Anspruch auf öffentliche Wahrnehmung und sowohl ein apologetischer als auch ein eristischer Impetus. Einige weitere Fragen sind leider kaum beantwortbar: Die nach dem Verhältnis der Schule Justins zur römischen Gemeinde, die nach Zahl und Herkunft der Schüler und nach etwaigen Aufnahmevoraussetzungen und schließlich die nach dem Stellenwert der Schule Justins im Kontext anderer Philosophenschulen in Rom. Hier geben die Quellen zu wenig her, um zu belastbaren Aussagen zu kommen.
Justin’s School in Rome–Reflections on Early Christian “Schools”
Authors: Georges Tobias 
Published: April 2015

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Die Existenz christlicher „Schulen“ im 2. Jahrhundert ist umstritten. Am Beispiel Justins zeigt dieser Beitrag: Der Nachweis für die Existenz seiner Schule-der durchaus erbracht werden kann-muss mit einer Definition des Phänomens „Schule“ verbunden werden. Anhand einer Untersuchung der Acta Iustini lässt sich, vor dem Hintergrund der erhaltenen Schriften Justins, erschließen: Justins Schule war ein überschaubarer Lehrer-Schüler-Zirkel, in dem man sich mit dem Glauben und der Lebensführung der Christen befasste, auf anspruchsvollem Niveau und in Auseinandersetzung mit der nichtchristlichen Bildungswelt. Die Charakteristika der Schule zeigen erstaunliche Parallelen zu paganen Philosophenschulen, in deren Kontext sich Justins Schule einzeichnet. Bezüge zu anderen christlichen Schriftstellern der Zeit Justins (Selbstverständnis als Philosoph, Lehren, Auseinandersetzung mit der antiken Philosophie) lassen vermuten, dass auch deren Schriften einem schulischen Kontext wie bei Justin entstammen.
Oἰκείωσις πρòσ θεόν Gregory of Nazianzus and the heteronomous subject of Eastern Christian penance
Authors: Maslov Boris 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
Dieser Artikel untersucht die Begriffsgeschichte der Metapher der Oἰκείωσις in der griechischen patristischen Literatur, besonders im Werk Gregors von Nazianz, und versucht, diese Metapher mit der Bußpraxis des östlichen Christentums in Verbindung zu bringen. Teil 1 bilden Prolegomena zur Erforschung der Begriffsgeschichte der griechischen Theologie, Teil 2 verfolgt die Transformation des stoischen Konzeptes der Oἰκείωσις in den Schriften Philos von Alexandrien, Clements von Alexandrien und Gregors von Nazianz und bietet den Versuch einer historischen Definition des patristischen Ausdrucks der Oἰκείωσις πρòσ θεόν der über die byzantinische Epoche hinweg gebräuchlich war. In Teil 3 zeigt eine sorgfältige Lektüre von Gregors Oratio 2, wie Gregor die Rhetorik der Oἰκείωσις πρòσ θεόν in seine einflussreiche Theorie eines zweistufigen Weges zum Göttlichen integriert. Abschließend bedenkt Teil 4 die institutionellen Implikationen der Pastoraltheorie Gregors für charakteristische Formen ostkirchlicher Bußpraxis wie für die Bedeutung von geistlichen Vaterfiguren und von ἐπιτιμία(Bußakten). So kann die charakteristische Form heteronomer Subjektivität, wie sie sich in ostkirchlicher Bußtradition zeigt, als ein Korrelat des Konzepts der Oἰκείωσις πρòσ θεόν verstanden werden
Epiphanius of Salamis Between Church and State: New Perspectives on the Iconoclastic Fragments
Authors: Solovieva Olga 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
Die ikonoklastischen Schriften des Epiphanius von Salamis waren seit ihrer ersten modernen Veröffentlichung im Jahr 1916 ein historisches Rätsel. Im Kontext der Staatsund Kirchenpolitik des vierten Jahrhunderts aber erscheint Epiphanius’ ikonoklastische Rhetorik als plausible subversive Strategie im Machtkampf zwischen Staat und Kirche, der sich vor allem auf das kaiserliche Repräsentationssystem richtet. Theodosius antiheidnische Gesetzgebung dient Epiphanius dabei als Vorwand, um die Vergöttlichung der kaiserlichen Macht selbst zu kritisieren.
„ ... erwachte und war geheilt“: Inkubations darstellungen in byzantinischen Heiligenviten
Authors: Pratsch Thomas 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe ancient rite of incubation in a temple and asking the pagan god or goddess for a cure of a disease or illness is continued in the Christian and Byzantine tradition with only a few modifications. The place of the incubation is now usually a church or another Christian holy place and the person who is asked for a cure is now a Christian holy man or woman, i.e. a Christian saint. In the abundant Byzantine literary genre of saint’s lives or hagiography we find many descriptions of such incubations and in most cases the requested healings. This literary tradition starts in the 4th and 5th century and goes on to at least the 11th century and likely even further. According to this tradition there was a wide range of diseases which could be cured by incubation in a church and invocation of a holy man or woman. In some cases, e.g. regarding psychological problems, this therapy might have even occasionally been successful. In other cases, the effect of the treatment could well be doubted from a scientific point of view. However, these spiritual healing methods had to compete with the medical doctors and worldly physicians who practised at the same time. Apart from religious belief, the quarrel between the two parties was also about money. One can, therefore, draw the conclusion that health care was a financial problem already in the Middle Ages.
Recruitment and conflict in sixth-century Antioch: A micro-study of Select Letters 6,1,5 of Severus of Antioch
Authors: Van Nuffelen Peter , Hilkens Andy 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis article reconstructs the context of the conflict between Severus of Antioch and Peter of Apamea concerning the ordination of Leontius by Severus, known through Severus,
Das neunte Anathema: Der Heilige Geist in der Christologie Cyrills von Alexandrien
Authors: Bertrand Dominique 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe ninth Anathema in Cyrill’s third letter to Nestorius is the only one of the twelve pieces that deals with the Holy Spirit. Considering the context of the Churchfather’s complete works, the letter not only allows to discover Cyrill’s original and distinct Pneumatology, but also grants a more accurate as well as more appreciative perspective on the treble fight of his eventful life: before 428, the fi ght against the remains of Arianism (Eunomius) and Apollinarianism; the fight against Nestorius in 428; and - what is forgotten too often - the fight for peace between Alexandria, Antioch and Rome in 431-433, resulting in the letter Εὐφραινέσθωσαν oἱ oὐρανοί, „Let enjoy the Heavens“. And so these findings might even contribute to a slightly happier perception of the ever fearsome bishop.
Das Mosaik „Die Begegnung Melchisedeks mit Abraham“ im Langhaus von S. Maria Maggiore in Rom und sein zeitgeschichtliches Umfeld
Authors: Steigerwald Gerhard 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe research in the mosaics of St. Maria Maggiore is reconsidered. The picture of Melchisedek shows him offering bread and wine to the victorious Abraham and, as a focus of the picture, the transformation of the offered gifts into a sacrifice to God and into a prototype of the high priest Christ and the eucharist that was celebrated at the altar. The hypothesis of Sabine Schrenk, however, according to which the antitype (the eucharistic gifts, bread and wine as body and blood of Christ) is already present in the picture of Melchisedek; cannot be maintained. Therefore a couple of specific motives, most of them being not observed up to now, were analyzed: Christ as high priest in the mosaic that shows Jesus in the triumphal arch and its relation to Melchisedek as high priest, God-Father turning to Melchisedek (and not to his gifts) and the dealing with the eucharist in a prominent place. These observations lead to the result that the thematic background of the mosaic can be seen in the Christological controversy, esp. the struggle against Nestorius, patriarch of Constantinople (428-431). The series of mosaics of the triumph arch can be interpreted as a Christological concept. Thus the pope Xystus III (432-440) demonstrated his theology stressing the divinity of the child Jesus against the Christological concept of Nestorius. The mosaic with Melchisedek pursues this Christological intention, the mosaics of the triumph arch and the mosaic with Melchisedek are a thematic unity.
First record of the assassin bug genus Coilopus Elkins, 1969 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) from Colombia
Authors: Forero Dimitri , Giraldo-Echeverry Nicolás 
Published: April 2015

The assassin bug genus Coilopus Elkins, 1969 is recorded for the first time from Colombia. Coilopus vellus Elkins, 1969 is a wasp mimic that was previously recorded from Costa Rica, French Guiana, and Brazil. The Colombian specimens fill the distributional gap between the known Central and South American records. In addition, based on collected wasps from the same place as Coilopus, Mischocyttarus sp. (Vespidae: Polistinae) is proposed as the hymenopteran model of this mimetic harpactorine.
On the Undecidability of Images (in communication)
Authors: Scrivano Fabrizio 
Published: April 2015

On the Undecidability of Images in Communication.Fabrizio Scrivano [trans. lise hogan] We often attach a certain evidence to the image, while at the same time we attribute a function to such evidence that, in many cases, the image does not possess. What is extremely problematic is when the image is used in communication, when it happens that we find ourselves in a situation of stalemate before the image. Indeed, in order to be understood, the image in many cases requires aknowledge that it itself does not display, a competence that the image itself does not indicate. Perceiving the object-image and perceiving the meaning-image are often actions that do not coincide and that suggest a residue of information which can be associated with the permanency of a secret dimension of the image. This article seeks to focus on this theoretical question through the analysis of a few concrete examples. L'indécidabilité de l'image dans la communicationFabrizio Scrivano [traduit par lise hogan] On attribue souvent à l'image une évidence, tout en assignant à cette évidence une fonction que d'ailleurs elle ne possède pas. Ce fait est extrêmement problématique lorsque l'image est utilisée dans la communication, lorsqu'il arrive que devant l'image nous nous trouvons dans une situation d'impasse à l'essai. En effet, l'image, pour être comprise, dans de nombreux cas nécessite une connaissance qu'elle-même ne montre pas, une compétence que l'image ne suggère pas. Percevoir l'image-objet et percevoir le sens-image souvent ne sont pas des actions identiques qui présupposent un résidu d'information qui peut être associé à la permanence d'une dimension secrète de l'image. Cet article vise à se concentrer sur cette question théorique à travers l'analyse de quelques exemples concrets.
(E)MERGING DISCOURSES: ARCHITECTURE AND CULTURAL STUDIES
Authors: McGaughey Sarah 
Published: April 2015

Three recent works, Rosalind Galt’s Pretty, Anne Cheng’s Second Skin, and Daniel Purdy’s On the Ruins of Babel incorporate architectural history and architectural discourse into their analyses in ways that are new to their respective fields ranging from studies of film, gender, and race to intellectual history. Placing these three works in one essay allows for a detailed review of the ways in which each author employs architecture, at the same time as it reveals the benefits and challenges of incorporating architecture into cultural studies. The essay discusses the contributions of each work to their fields and also takes advantage of the different approaches to culture and architecture to explore the ways in which this relationship might continue to inform and generate productive studies.
12. REDUÇAO DOS PRAZOS DE VIGÊNCIA DAS PATENTES
Authors: Fabris Roner Guerra 
Published: April 2015

<p>A alteração do prazo de proteção dos privilégios industriais de invenção e de utilidade foram objeto de calorosas discussões, e pode, ainda, render tantas outras.</p> <p> </p> A regra geral no direito brasileiro é de que as leis relativas aos procedimentos – processos – tenham aplicação imediata no tempo, enquanto as leis relativas aos direitos substantivos tenham aplicação na data do ato ou do fato
Single-Well Chemical Tracer Modeling of Low Salinity Water Injection in Carbonates
Authors: Al-Shalabi Emad W. , Luo Haishan , Delshad Mojdeh , Sepehrnoori Kamy 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The interest in low salinity water injection (LSWI) compared to seawater injection or high salinity produced brine injection is increasing in both laboratory and in field tests. The single well chemical tracer test (SWCTT) is also becoming increasingly popular as an in-situ test to assess the reduction in oil saturation due to an EOR process. Hence, accurate modeling of single well chemical tracer field tests (SWCTTs) is essential. In this paper, modeling and simulation of SWCTT of low salinity water injection in a carbonate reservoir is investigated using the UTCHEM reservoir simulator. Both Radial and Cartesian grid models are setup for a field-scale pilot using measured rock and fluid data of a Middle Eastern reservoir. Tracer reactions along with the empirical LSWI model implemented in UTCHEM are used to estimate residual oil saturation as a result of low salinity water injection. Two approaches are used to estimate remaining oil saturation to LSWI including analytical and numerical methods. Results show that both approaches give consistent values for remaining oil saturation for homogeneous Radial grid model. The Cartesian grid model was used to investigate the effect of heterogeneity on SWCTT results where a new numerical approach is proposed for estimating remaining oil saturation. This finding validates the approach used and the implementation of both tracer reactions and LSWI model in UTCHEM. The proposed approach can now be used to estimate remaining oil saturation of SWCTT for reservoirs with different degrees of heterogeneity, which provides a clear insight into reservoir performance before planning multi-well demonstration pilots.
Experimental and Numerical Modeling of Low-Salinity Waterflood in a Low Permeability Carbonate Reservoir
Authors: Alameri Waleed , Teklu Tadesse Weldu , Graves Ramona M. , Kazemi Hossein , AlSumaiti Ali M. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Low-salinity waterflooding in carbonate reservoirs is of great interest because of the potential for increased recovery of oil. However, the exact mechanism of low-salinity oil recovery is not well understood. It has been suggested that the main mechanism is wettability alteration resulting from the interaction of Na+, Cl-, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42-, and RCOO- in the electrical double layer (EDL) near the surface of carbonate pores. In this paper, we present laboratory experiments and numerical modeling in low-permeability carbonate cores to assess this assertion.
Seawater followed by series of low-salinity waterflood experiments were performed on several facies of carbonate reservoir. The permeability of the cores is in the range of 0.5 to 1.5 mD and porosity is from 0.18 to 0.25. Cores were aged for eight weeks at reservoir pressure and temperature. The API gravity of the oil is 32°. The IFT and contact angle measurements were performed at several brine salinities. A two phase numerical model was used to simulate oil recovery and molecular transport of salt components to investigate the wettability alteration effect.
The low-salinity waterflood experiments yielded incremental oil recovery of up to nine percent. Low-salinity waterflood was observed to be more significant in less-heterogeneous and less-vuggy cores. Moreover, low-salinity waterflood altered the wettability of several one-inch diameter, crude-aged, carbonate core discs from oil-wet to intermediate-wet. Hence, the main mechanism of incremental oil recovery during low-salinity waterflood in this carbonate reservoir is wettability alteration. The mathematical model matched the oil recovery when the relative permeability functions were adjusted to account for wettability alteration effects.