bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
B‐mode andDoppler ultrasonography in pony mares with experimentally induced ascending placentitis
Authors: Bailey C. S. , Heitzman J. M. , Buchanan C. N. , Bare C. A. , Sper R. B. , Borst L. B. , Macpherson M. , Archibald K. , Whitacre M. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryReasons for performing studyEarly, accurate diagnosis of ascending placentitis in mares remains a key challenge for successful treatment of the disease.Doppler ultrasonography has shown promise as a tool to diagnose pregnancy abnormalities and is becoming more available to equine clinicians. However, to date, no studies have prospectively compared this technique to standardB‐mode measurement of the combined thickness of the uterus and placenta (CTUP).ObjectivesThe objective of the current study was to compareDoppler andB‐mode ultrasonography for the detection of experimentally‐induced ascending placentitis in mares.MethodsEleven healthy pony mares in late gestation were used in this study. Placentitis was induced in 6 mares betweenDays 280 and 295, while 5 mares served as negative controls. All mares were intensively monitored until delivery. Fetal heart rate,CTUP, uterine artery blood flow (resistance index, pulsatility index, arterial diameter and total arterial blood flow) and physical examination findings were recorded at each examination. Mares with an increasedCTUPabove published values were treated in accordance with published recommendations. Foals and fetal membranes were examined at birth. Ultrasonographic parameters were compared between groups usingANOVA. Foal viability and histological presence of placentitis were compared using aFisher's exact test.ResultsTheCTUPwas increased above normal in 5 of 6 inoculated mares within 3 days after inoculation (P= 0.05). The sixth inoculated mare was excluded from subsequent data analysis. Uterine artery blood flow, physical examination findings and fetal heart rate were not different between groups. Gradual increases inCTUP, arterial diameter and total arterial blood flow were detected with increasing gestational age in the control mares (P= 0.02,P= 0.00001 andP= 0.00001, respectively).ConclusionTheCTUP, but not uterine blood flow, was different between groups (P= 0.00001). RecordedCTUPvalues for control pony mares were similar to previously published values for light breed horses.
“Nutrient Inputs to the Laurentian Great Lakes by Source and Watershed Estimated Using SPARROW Watershed Models” by Dale M. Robertson and David A. Saad2
Authors: Peter Richards R. , Alameddine Ibrahim , David Allan J. , Baker David B. , Bosch Nathan S. , Confesor Remegio , DePinto Joseph V. , Dolan David M. , Reutter Jeffrey M. , Scavia Donald 
Published: November 2012

Richards, R. Peter, Ibrahim Alameddine, J. David Allan, David B. Baker, Nathan S. Bosch, Remegio Confesor, Joseph V. DePinto, David M. Dolan, Jeffrey M. Reutter, and Donald Scavia, 2012. Discussion –“Nutrient Inputs to the Laurentian Great Lakes by Source and Watershed Estimated Using SPARROW Watershed Models” by Dale M. Robertson and David A. Saad. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 1‐10. DOI: 10.1111/jawr.12006Abstract:  Results from the Upper Midwest Major River Basin (MRB3) SPARROW model and underlying Fluxmaster load estimates were compared with detailed data available in the Lake Erie and Ohio River watersheds. Fluxmaster and SPARROW estimates of tributary loads tend to be biased low for total phosphorus and high for total nitrogen. These and other limitations of the application led to an overestimation of the relative contribution of point sources vs. nonpoint sources of phosphorus to eutrophication conditions in Lake Erie, when compared with direct estimates for data‐rich Ohio tributaries. These limitations include the use of a decade‐old reference point (2002), lack of modeling of dissolved phosphorus, lack of inclusion of inputs from the Canadian Lake Erie watersheds and from Lake Huron, and the choice to summarize results for the entire United States Lake Erie watershed, as opposed to the key Western and Central Basin watersheds that drive Lake Erie’s eutrophication processes. Although the MRB3 SPARROW model helps to meet a critical need by modeling unmonitored watersheds and ranking rivers by their estimated relative contributions, we recommend caution in use of the MRB3 SPARRROW model for Lake Erie management, and argue that the management of agricultural nonpoint sources should continue to be the primary focus for the Western and Central Basins of Lake Erie.
Projected climate change and the changing biogeography of coastal Mediterranean fishes
Authors: Albouy Camille , Guilhaumon François , Leprieur Fabien , Lasram Frida Ben Rais , Somot Samuel , Aznar Roland , Velez Laure , Le Loc'h François , Mouillot David 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimTo forecast the potential effects of climate change in the Mediterranean Sea on the species richness and mean body size of coastal fish assemblages.LocationThe Mediterranean Sea.MethodsUsing an ensemble forecasting approach, we used species distribution modelling to project the potential distribution of 288 coastal fish species by the middle and end of the 21st century based on the IPCC A2 scenario implemented with the Mediterranean climatic model NEMOMED8.ResultsA mean rise of 1.4 °C was projected for the Mediterranean Sea by the middle of the 21st century and 2.8 °C by the end of the 21st century. Projections for the end of the century suggest that: (1) 54 species are expected to lose their climatically suitable habitat, (2) species richness was predicted to decrease across 70.4% of the continental shelf area, especially in the western Mediterranean Sea and several parts of the Aegean Sea, and (3) mean fish body size would increase over 74.8% of the continental shelf area. Small‐bodied species that are not targeted by either commercial or recreational fleets presented, on average, the highest predicted decrease in geographic range size.Main conclusionsProjected climate change in the Mediterranean Sea may have deleterious effects on coastal fish diversity, including a significant loss of climatically suitable habitat for endemic fish species. In addition, climate change may contribute to the loss of small and low trophic‐level fishes, which may have ecosystem‐wide impacts by reducing food supply to larger and higher trophic‐level species. Fishing pressure is already selectively removing large‐bodied species from marine ecosystems, and so fishing and climatic change might act in tandem to drive both direct and secondary extinctions.
Identifying compartments in presence–absence matrices and bipartite networks: insights into modularity measures
Authors: Thébault Elisa 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimThe identification of compartments (i.e. clusters of overlapping species ranges across an environmental gradient) is an important methodological challenge for biogeographical studies. Recent developments in network theory offer promising perspectives on this issue using the measurement of modularity. A presence–absence matrix is modular if particular subgroups of species are mainly linked to particular subgroups of sites. Modularity is still rarely considered in biogeographical studies. Here, I compare different modularity indices to investigate which is the most appropriate for studying presence–absence matrices and similar types of networks, such as bipartite networks.LocationEvaluation was based on 279 data sets from around the world.MethodsI consider the three most commonly used modularity indices. One was developed for unipartite networks and the other two for bipartite networks. The performance of these indices (detection of a modular pattern, quality of compartment identification) is evaluated on test matrices of known compartmentalization levels with varying sizes and fills. Modularity patterns are then evaluated for 279 presence–absence matrices.ResultsThe three modularity measures differ mainly in the identification of the compartments, and less in the statistical significance of the observed modularity. The modularity measure Q3 tends to perform best, whereas Q2 usually performs less well, especially for highly diverse and highly connected networks that include a few extremely well‐connected nodes. These modularity indices all reveal the presence of modular patterns in presence–absence matrices.Main conclusionsThe choice of an appropriate modularity index is particularly important when we are interested in the composition of the different compartments. This analysis suggests that compartmentalized structures can be widespread in presence–absence matrices (about 40% of the matrices considered here). Modularity should thus offer interesting perspectives on the understanding of biogeographical patterns.
Holocene fires, forest stability and human occupation in south‐western Amazonia
Authors: Urrego Dunia H. , Bush Mark B. , Silman Miles R. , Niccum Brittany A. , De La Rosa Paulina , McMichael Crystal H. , Hagen Stephen , Palace Michael 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to assess the effect of Holocene fire activity and drought on the mesic forests of the Upper Beni and the extent of ecotone migration in south‐western Amazonia during the mid‐Holocene. An additional goal was to address the hypothesis of Amazonia as a manufactured landscape prior to the arrival of European colonizers in the New World in ad 1492.LocationLakes Chalalán and Santa Rosa, Upper Beni, Bolivian Amazon.MethodsHolocene vegetation and fire activity were reconstructed based on pollen and microcharcoal records from sediments of lakes Chalalán and Santa Rosa. Chronologies were based on accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon analyses, and vegetation changes were summarized using detrended correspondence analysis. The normalized difference vegetation index was used to classify and determine the extent of the modern savanna–forest ecotone using MODIS satellite image data.ResultsMesic evergreen forests persisted in the Upper Beni throughout the Holocene. Fire was frequent during the early and mid‐Holocene and temporally consistent in both records. Ordination of pollen data showed an increase in forest change during the late Holocene when fire activity was asynchronous in the two records.Main conclusionsThe Upper Beni sites were not reached by expanding savannas during periods of major environmental change, suggesting forest resilience and a degree of ecotone stability. We associated the largest observed change in these forests with late Holocene fires that were most probably ignited by humans. We found little evidence supporting widespread pre‐1491 cultural landscapes.
Ailing and failing oral implants: initial therapy and surgical management
Authors: Sakka Salah , Idrees Majdy , Alissa Rami , Kujan Omar 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe distinction between ailing and failing implants is clinically important. Changes in the peri‐implant soft or hard tissues will indicate whether the implant is ailing, failing, or has failed. This article discusses these clinical situations and provides an overview and description of peri‐implant diseases and their treatment alternatives.
Water sorption, solubility, and resultant change in strength among three resin‐based dental composites
Authors: Kumar Naresh , Sangi Laila 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the water sorption, solubility, and resultant change in strength of one microhybrid and two nanofilled resin‐based composites (RBCs).MethodsWater sorption, solubility, and three‐point bending strength (TPBS) characteristics of a microhybrid RBC Filtek™ Z250 (Z250; batch 8MA; shade A3) and two nanofilled RBCs, namely Filtek™ Supreme XT “body” (FSB; batch 8NU; shade A3) and “translucent” shades (FST; batch 6C; shade YT) (3M ESPE Dental Products, St Paul, MN, USA) were investigated following 1 and 13 weeks storage regimes.ResultsFSB displayed a significant increase in water sorption compared with Z250 and FST (P < 0.001), however, the latter demonstrated no significant difference between them following 1 week and 13 weeks immersion periods (P > 0.001). Following the 13‐week immersion period, FSB showed greater water solubility compared with Z250 and FST (P < 0.001). FSB exhibited greater TPBS compared with FST in dry control specimens (P < 0.05), but no significant difference among TPBS of all RBCs was identified following the 1‐week immersion period (P = 0.290). The TPBS of FSB decreased significantly compared with Z250 and FST following the 13‐week immersion period (P < 0.001).ConclusionSince the FSB exhibited greater water sorption, solubility, and resulting strength degradation compared with Z250 and FST, a poor clinical performance may be expected.
Development and validation ofChineseHealthLiteracyScale forDiabetes
Authors: Leung Angela YM , Lou Vivian WQ , Cheung Mike KT , Chan Sophia SC , Chi Iris 
Published: November 2012

Aims and objectivesTo develop and to test the psychometric properties of theChineseHealthLiteracyScale forDiabetes.BackgroundPatients with diabetes encounter many challenges when making health decisions in their daily lives, as they have access to many different kinds of health information. Health literacy issues are new topics inChinese society. Without a valid and reliable instrument inChinese, it is difficult to measure the level of health literacy and promote the concept of health literacy inChinese societies.DesignA methodological study with a sample of 137 patients with type 2 diabetes aged 65 years or older.MethodChineseHealthLiteracyScale forDiabetes was developed with reference to the revised Bloom's taxonomy model. Psychometric tests (content validity, item analysis, construct validity, discriminative ability and test–retest reliability) were conducted. Correlations betweenChineseHealthLiteracyScale forDiabetes and four relevant measures were tested.Cronbach's alpha and alpha if item deleted were calculated to assess internal consistency.ResultsCronbach's alpha forChineseHealthLiteracyScale forDiabetes and its four subscales (remembering, understanding, applying and analysing) were 0·884, 0·885, 0·667, 0·654 and 0·717, respectively. TheChineseHealthLiteracyScale forDiabetes was significantly correlated with theDiabeticKnowledgeScale (r = 0·398,p < 0·001), theDiabeticManagementSelf‐EfficacyScale (r = 0·257,p < 0·001), thePreschool andPrimaryChineseLiteracyScale (r = 0·822,p < 0·001) and theChineseValue ofLearningScale (r = 0·303,p < 0·001). It took an average of seven minutes to complete this 34‐item instrument.ConclusionThe findings of this study support theChineseHealthLiteracyScale forDiabetes as a reliable and valid instrument for measuring the health literacy ofChinese patients with diabetes.Relevance to clinical practiceWe recommend that clinicians use this tool to assess patients' health literacy before conducting any kind of health promotion.
Migration of the Talented: Can Europe Catch Up with the U.S.?
Authors: MECHTENBERG LYDIA , STRAUSZ ROLAND 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe develop a model to analyze migration of highly talented individuals within and into Europe. First, we show that if transferability of human capital is endogenous, i.e., if high migration flows and high human capital transferability are mutually interdependent, Europe might be trapped in a low‐migration equilibrium. Second, we show that high mobility within a Federation is necessary to attract highly talented immigrants into the Federation. We study in how far and in what way the European public policy behind the Bologna and the Lisbon Process can contribute to higher mobility in Europe.
Nighttime sleep characteristics of hospitalized school‐age children with cancer
Authors: Linder Lauri A. , Christian Becky J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to describe group and individual characteristics of nighttime sleep–wake patterns among school‐age children with cancer receiving inpatient chemotherapy.Design and MethodsThis multiple‐case study used wrist actigraphs and sleep diaries to measure sleep for three nights in 15 children with cancer.ResultsNighttime sleep was less than that required for healthy school‐age children and was marked by frequent awakenings. Individual variation in sleep characteristics was evident.Practice ImplicationsInterventions to promote nighttime sleep in the hospital include system‐based and individualized efforts to minimize disruptions and support children's home sleep routines.
Stochastic and deterministic processes regulate spatio‐temporal variation in seed bank diversity
Authors: Royo Alejandro A. , Ristau Todd E. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractQuestionSeed banks often serve as reservoirs of taxonomic and genetic diversity that buffer plant populations and influence post‐disturbance vegetation trajectories; yet evaluating their importance requires understanding how their composition varies within and across spatial and temporal scales (α‐ and β‐diversity). Shifts in seed bank diversity are strongly governed by the deterministic role of differential seed longevities. Nevertheless, spatio‐temporal variability in propagule depletion from and recruitment into seed banks may alter both α‐ and β‐diversity. Here, we ask to what degree deterministic seed exhaustion, stochasticity in recruitment and mortality, or both, shape α‐ and β‐diversity?LocationTemperate hardwood forest stands of varying ages in northernPennsylvania,USA.MethodsWe surveyed the seed bank and herbaceous vegetation communities at 39 sites and examined whether the species richness, abundance and composition of either community differs among and within sites of increasing age ranging from 43 to 106 yr old. We explored how α‐diversity (species richness) and abundance (percentage cover, seed density) varied across the chronosequence age using regression analyses. We analysed differences in β‐diversity (community composition) using permutational multivariate analyses (i.e.PERMANOVA,PERMDISP). Finally, we tested whether community composition of the herbaceous layer and seed bank communities exhibited nestedness, where nestedness refers to the degree to which less species‐rich sites are a non‐random subset of more species‐rich sites.ResultsWe found seed bank α‐diversity and abundance consistently declined across a gradient of increasingly older sites. Moreover, nestedness analyses indicated species composition at older sites represented a subset of the species found at younger sites characterized by species with persistent seeds. Nevertheless, seed bank communities demonstrated divergent compositional trajectories, whereby older sites were increasingly dissimilar, not only from younger sites, but also from each other.ConclusionsOur results suggest that even in assemblages strongly structured by deterministic forces, such as seed banks, minor stochastic differences in colonization and extinction events may increase β‐diversity over time. Therefore, we argue deterministic and stochastic processes are complementary factors governing post‐disturbance turnover in species assemblages, and suggest that seed banks contribute to species‘ persistence and overall forest community diversity across space and time.
Eye tracking infants: Investigating the role of attention during learning on recognition memory
Authors: TAYLOR GEMMA , HERBERT JANE S. 
Published: November 2012

Taylor, G. & Herbert, J.S. (2013). Eye tracking infants: Investigating the role of attention during learning on recognition memory. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 54, 14–19.In the present study, eye tracker methodology was used to explore whether there were age‐related changes in the focus of infant attention during a learning event and subsequent recognition memory for event features. Six‐ and 9‐month old infants watched a video of an adult demonstrating a sequence of actions with an object while visual attention was recorded using an eye tracker. At both ages, attention was focused primarily on the object and person, with the background attended to for approximately 12% of their viewing time. Recognition memory for the person, object and background from the video was assessed immediately using a Visual Paired Comparison procedure. Despite focusing on the central features while watching the target video, infants showed only limited evidence of recognition memory for the individual components of the event. Taken together, these findings suggest that the early age‐related changes in memory performance seen in the literature may not be the result of age‐related changes in attentional focus during encoding.
Thermal cautery of the canine third eyelid for treatment of cartilage eversion
Authors: Allbaugh Rachel A. , Stuhr Charles M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo present a novel, minimally invasive technique for everted third eyelid cartilage correction in dogs that employs the use of low‐energy cautery to remodel the cartilage.ProceduresTwelve eyes of ten dogs had cautery performed under general anesthesia to correct everted third eyelid cartilage. The tip of a handheld cautery unit or an electrocautery handpiece was applied to the bulbar conjunctival surface of the third eyelid at the central location of cartilage convexity and treated to effect. This resulted in gradual conjunctival contraction and cartilage softening that remodeled the third eyelid to return to a more normal, physiologic position. When the tips of the cartilage bar were also curled, cautery was briefly applied to the convex surface to straighten the cartilage in a similar manner.ResultsBlanching of the conjunctiva at the site of treatment occurred. Char was sometimes present and was gently removed with a scalpel blade to improve postoperative patient comfort. Mild conjunctival hyperemia was noted in a few patients for 1–2 days after surgery, but there were no signs of discomfort or eyelid swelling. All dogs had good results in terms of cartilage correction with no recurrence; however, one of the Great Danes that had concurrent third eyelid gland prolapse required gland replacement surgery.ConclusionsThermal cautery is a simple, inexpensive means of correcting third eyelid cartilage eversion in dogs with a high rate of success that preserves normal tissue while restoring function.