bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in skin of colour: a review
Authors: Mosallaei Daniel , Thomas Sierra I , Lobl Marissa , Higgins Shauna , Lee Erica B , Stephany Matthew , Wysong Ashley 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Skin cancer generally causes disproportionate morbidity and mortality in people of colour. Although skin cancers occur most frequently in White individuals overall, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is an exception. CTCL is a rare skin cancer comprising several subtypes of non-Hodgkin lymphoma; each contains a unique clinical profile that varies with race. Our aim is to review and compile the differences in epidemiology, clinical presentation, treatments and outcomes of the CTCL subtypes in Black, Asian or Pacific Islander (API) and Hispanic patients. The current literature supports that there are nuances in the course of CTCL that differ with race. Across multiple studies, racial differences in incidence patterns have been reported, with the highest rates among Black patients. Cutaneous manifestations of CTCL are highly variable in people of colour, and the predilection for clinical CTCL variants often differs with race, as well as severity of cutaneous involvement (body surface area). Response to and type of treatment also differs among people of colour and may be partially attributable to the varying CTCL subtypes experienced by certain races. Prognostic factors tend to vary with race, although Black patients consistently experience poor outcomes, while API patients may have a more favourable prognosis. Currently, there is no definitive conclusion to account for differences observed in patients with skin of colour with CTCL; however, biological and socioeconomic factors have been proposed as potential drivers. As the proportion of people of colour in our population continues to grow, adequate physician awareness and knowledge of racial nuances in CTCL are necessary to begin addressing these disparities.
Influence of life-history traits on mitochondrial DNA substitution rates exceeds that of metabolic rates in teleost fishes
Authors: Jing Yangyang , Long Rui , Meng Juanzhu , Yang Ya , Li Xinyi , Du Bairu , Naeem Ayesha , Luo Yiping 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Understanding the molecular relevance of metabolic rate (MR) is crucial for unveiling the mechanisms driving the evolution of animals. In this study, we investigated the association between mitochondrial DNA characteristics and both resting and maximal MRs in conjunction with life-history traits among 139 species of teleost fish. We gathered fish MR data from various sources and procured sequences of 13 mitochondrial protein-encoding genes. We calculated the absolute substitution rate for entire nucleotide sequences and 4-fold degenerate sites of each gene, along with encoding amino acid sequences. Using the phylogenetic comparative method, we then explored the associations between MR and mitochondrial DNA absolute substitution rate. Additionally, we screened MR-associated single nucleotide variants in mitochondrial DNA. The findings indicate no positive correlation between MRs and any substitution rate values of both combined sequences and individual mitochondrial protein-coding genes, refuting the MR hypothesis. Instead, both maximum body size and longevity correlated negatively with molecular substitution rates, suggesting their influences on both mutation and fixation within mitochondrial genes in fish. Results also revealed significant correlations between base variation at ATP6_169 and both resting MR and maximum MR, identifying the unique ATP6_169G in Scombridae fish, which results in an extremely low isoelectric point (pI) value of the ATP6 protein. Considering its functional significance, the ATP6_169G in Scombridae fish might link to their lifestyle characterized by fast locomotion and high metabolic demands alongside a slower molecular evolutionary rate.
Coronary sinus thrombosis in a patient with amyloidosis, the role of multimodality imaging: a case report
Authors: López-Pena Alejandro Manuel , Abellás-Sequeiros Rosa Alba , López-López Andrea , Bayón-Lorenzo Jeremías , González-Juanatey Carlos 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Amyloidosis can affect the heart, causing arrhythmia, thromboembolic events, and sudden cardiac death. Coronary sinus thrombosis is an uncommon though life-threatening condition which requires early identification and management.

Case summary
A 72-year-old Caucasian man, who recovered from out-of-hospital cardiorespiratory arrest, was diagnosed with coronary sinus thrombosis using cardiac imaging techniques. He had no history of invasive procedures and was diagnosed with cardiac amyloidosis based on an extra-cardiac biopsy positive for light chain amyloid, with consistent clinical, echocardiographic, and magnetic resonance criteria.

Discussion
A high frequency of intracardiac thrombosis is seen in amyloidosis. However, coronary sinus thrombosis is an uncommon complication. A multimodality imaging approach appears to be useful for the early diagnosis of coronary sinus thrombosis. The low specificity of the clinical signs, as well as the fast impairment of the patients, could result in fatal complications such as acute myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, and sudden death. Early screening, particularly in high-risk patients, as well as the use of early anticoagulant therapy, could reduce the associated morbidity and mortality.
Management of acute myocarditis: a systematic review of clinical practice guidelines and recommendations
Authors: Shyam-Sundar Vijay , Mahmood Adil , Slabaugh Greg , Chahal Anwar , Petersen Steffen E , Aung Nay , Mohiddin Saidi A , Khanji Mohammed Y 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The management of acute myocarditis (AM) is addressed in multiple clinical guidelines. We systematically reviewed current guidelines developed by national and international medical organizations on the management of AM to aid clinical practice. Publications in MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane were identified between 1 January 2013 and 12 April 2024. Additionally, the websites of relevant organizations and the Guidelines International Network, Guideline Central, and NHS knowledge and library hub were reviewed. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts, two reviewers assessed the rigour of guideline development, and one reviewer extracted the recommendations. Two of the three guidelines identified showed good rigour of development. Those rigorously developed agreed on the definition of AM, sampling serum troponin as part of the workflow for AM, testing for B-type natriuretic peptides in heart failure, key diagnostic imaging in the form of cardiovascular magnetic resonance, coronary angiography to exclude significant coronary disease, indications for endomyocardial biopsy (EMB), and indications for immunosuppression and advanced treatment options. Discrepancies exist in sampling creatine kinase-myocardial bound as a marker of myocardial injury, indications for EMB, and indications for immunosuppression and treatment of uncomplicated AM. Evidence is lacking for the use of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography for myocardial imaging, exercise restriction, follow-up measures, and genetic testing, and there are few high-quality randomized trials to support treatment recommendations. Recommendations for management of AM in the guidelines have largely been developed from expert opinion rather than trial data.
Propensity scores used as overlap weights provide exact covariate balance
Authors: Zajichek Alexander M , Grunkemeier Gary L 
Published: August 2024

Summary
Overlap weighting, using weights defined as the probability of receiving the opposite treatment, is a relatively new, alternative propensity score-based weighting technique used to adjust for confounding when estimating causal treatment effects. It has preferable properties compared to inverse probability of treatment weighting, such as exact covariate balance, safeguards against extreme weights and emphasis on medical equipoise, where treatment decisions are most uncertain. In this article, we introduce the overlap weighting methodology, compare it to inverse probability of treatment weighting and provide some strategies for assessing weighting impact, through an applied example of hospital mortality. When the propensity score distributions have large separation, inverse probability of treatment weighting has been shown to produce biased and less efficient estimates of the treatment effect, making overlap weighting a preferred method in such cases.
Law, War and Letter Writing
Authors: Chiam Madelaine , Cormier Monique , Hood Anna 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
When (some) international crises arise, it has become common for lawyers to respond by penning open letters that call out violations of international law and call on governments, international organizations or civil society to take a suite of actions. In this article, we argue that the prevalence of international law open letter writing means that open letters can now be viewed as a genre of international legal practice. Consequently, there is a need for international lawyers to attend more closely to the purposes, conventions and consequences of the practice. Drawing on open letters that were written in the first three months of the Russia-Ukraine conflict in 2022 and the first three months of the Israel-Gaza conflict in 2023, we argue that there are three main purposes embedded in these letters: advocacy, solidarity and public education. Throughout this article, we explore these purposes, consider their limits and possibilities and analyse how the letter writers seek to achieve them. We contend that, at present, international law open letters pursue advocacy, solidarity and public education in ways that are often narrow and with possible unintended consequences. We suggest that these limitations could be addressed through employing a broader array of open letter-writing modalities.
An autoethnographic approach to (not) teaching about the coronation
Authors: Banerjee Rrivu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper presents an autoethnographic account of teaching about the 2023 coronation of the United Kingdom’s new king as part of ESL lessons in a German school. It argues for the need to practice a postcolonial approach to ELT, focusing specifically on the identity of a teacher from a former British colony. To that extent, the paper argues the need for a conscious debate around hegemonial structures when it comes to teaching and learning English from the very beginning, using colonialism as a critical thematic unit.
What services are currently provided to people with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in the UK, and what are their components? A protocol for a scoping literature review
Authors: Forsyth Faye , Deaton Christi , Kalra Paul R , Green Mark , Harrison Mary E , Tavares Sara , Dirksen Andreas , Kuhn Isla , Farquharson Barbara , Austin Rosalynn C 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Aims
Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is increasing in incidence and is increasingly the most common HF diagnosis. Patients with HFpEF are often excluded from specialist HF services, which has negative impacts on their healthcare experiences and health-related outcomes. As emerging evidence-based treatments are being incorporated into clinical guidelines, it is timely to focus on the management of this phenotype. This review aims to explore literature around care provision for HFpEF in the UK, to characterize and assess HFpEF care pathways against current standards, and to generate evidence to create an optimized framework of care.

Methods and results
A scoping review of the evidence from six databases will be performed, alongside a search of grey literature search and consultation with relevant experts. Given the expected heterogeneity, multiple lines of synthesis are anticipated. Data analysis will follow best practice guidelines for the synthesizing methodologies selected. Patient and public representatives will assist with analysis and in identifying priority components for HFpEF clinical services.

Conclusion
This scoping literature review will enable an in-depth examination of the current health service provision for those with HFpEF in the UK. Synthesis of key components of services and illumination of challenges and barriers will inform current and future practice. There is a long history of specialist HF care in the UK, including seminal work on nurse-led care. Therefore, evidence derived from this review will likely be useful to HF services across Europe. The proposed combination of the search across both peer-reviewed literature and grey literature, combined with patient and public involvement, will identify the key components of a framework of care for those with HFpEF.

Registration
This scoping review protocol was published on the public Open Science Framework platform (no registration reference provided) and can be accessed at: https://osf.io/5gufq/.
Patient selection, ventricular tachycardia substrate delineation and data transfer for stereotactic arrhythmia radioablation. A Clinical Consensus Statement of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC and the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS)
Authors: Zeppenfeld Katja , Rademaker Robert , Al-Ahmad Amin , Carbucicchio Corrado , De Chillou Christian , Ebert Micaela , Stevenson William G , Ho Gordon , Kautzner Josef , Sramko Marek , Lambiase Pier , Lloyd Michael , Merino Jose Luis , Pruvot Etienne , Sapp John , Schiappacasse Luis , Zei Paul C 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Stereotactic arrythmia radioablation (STAR) is a novel, non-invasive and promising treatment option for ventricular arrythmias (VA). It has been applied in highly selected patients mainly as bail-out procedure, when (multiple) catheter-ablations, together with anti-arrhythmic drugs, were unable to control the VAs. Despite the increasing clinical use there is still limited knowledge of the acute and long-term response of normal and diseased myocardium to STAR. Acute toxicity appeared to be reasonably low but potential late adverse effects may be underreported. Among published studies, the provided methodological information is often limited, and patient selection, target volume definition, methods for determination and transfer of target volume, and techniques for treatment planning and execution differ across studies, hampering pooling of data and comparison across studies. In addition, STAR requires close and new collaboration between clinical electrophysiologists and radiation oncologists, which is facilitated by shared knowledge in each collaborator’s area of expertise and a common language. This clinical consensus statement provides uniform definition of cardiac target volumes. It aims to provide advice in patient selection for STAR including etiology specific aspects, and advice in optimal cardiac target volume identification based on available evidence. Safety concerns and the advice for acute and long-term monitoring including the importance of standardized reporting and follow-up are covered by this document. Areas of uncertainty are listed, which require high-quality, reliable pre-clinical and clinical evidence before expansion of STAR beyond clinical scenarios in which proven therapies are ineffective or unavailable.
Microembolizations in the arterial cerebral circulation during atrial fibrillation ablation: cryoballoon technique advantages and neurocognitive safety—results of a prospective observational study
Authors: Erkapic Damir , Roussopoulos Konstantinos , Aleksic Marko , Weipert Kay Felix , Sözener Korkut , Kostev Karel , Allendörfer Jens , Rosenbauer Josef , Sossalla Samuel , Gündüz Dursun , Tanislav Christian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Aims
The significance of micro-embolic signals (MESs) during atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation is unclear. Previous studies had limitations, and cryoballoon (CB) ablation patients were under-represented. Minimizing MESs is recommended due to their uncertain neurocognitive impact.

Methods and results
This prospective observational study included AF patients from a German centre between February 2021 and August 2022. Patients were equally divided into paroxysmal (Group A) and persistent (Group B) AF. Group A received cryoballoon-pulmonary vein isolation only, while Group B also had left atrial roof ablation. MESs were detected using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography during ablation. Neurocognitive status was assessed pre- and post-procedure and at 3 months using the CERAD Plus battery. The study analyzed 100 patients with a median age of 65.5 years. A total of 19 698 MESs were observed, with 80% being gaseous and 20% solid in origin, primarily occurring during pulmonary vein angiography and the balloon freeze and thawing phase. The median MES per patient was 130 (IQR: 92–256) in total, 298 (IQR: 177–413) in bilateral (36%), and 110 (IQR: 71–130) in unilateral (64%) recordings. No significant difference in total MES counts was found between the groups. None of the 11 neuropsychological tests showed cognitive decline post-procedure or at 3 months.

Conclusion
Our observations confirm that neurocognitive abilities are not affected either 24 h or 3 months after AF ablation using the CB technique. However, despite the low MES burden associated with the CB, more work is needed to reduce small embolic events during AF ablation.
Characterization of the metabolism of the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica growing as a biofilm
Authors: Jenjitwanich Akarawit , Marx Hans , Sauer Michael 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Yarrowia lipolytica is a well-characterized yeast with remarkable metabolic adaptability. It is capable of producing various products from different carbon sources and easily switching between planktonic and biofilm states. A biofilm represents a natural means of cell immobilization that could support continuous cultivation and production processes, such as perfusion cultivation. However, the metabolic activities of Y. lipolytica in biofilms have not yet been studied in detail. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the metabolic activities of Y. lipolytica in biofilm and planktonic states. Conventionally, a stirred tank bioreactor was used to cultivate Y. lipolytica in a planktonic state. On the other hand, a trickle bed bioreactor system was used for biofilm cultivation. The low pH at 3 was maintained to favor polyol production. The accumulation of citric acid was observed over time only in the biofilm state, which significantly differed from the planktonic state. Although the biofilm cultivation process has lower productivity, it has been observed that the production rate remains constant and the total product yield is comparable to the planktonic state when supplied with 42% oxygen-enriched air. This finding indicates that the biofilm state has the potential for continuous bioprocessing applications and is possibly a feasible option.
Salicylic acid treatment inhibits cold-induced sweetening by regulating the transcription factors StAP2/ERF and StNAC2 in potato
Authors: Zhang Jiadi , Lin Qiong , Mao Linli , Min Ting , Guan Wenqiang , Qi Xin , Wang Hongxun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Cold-induced sweetening (CIS) results in browning and acrylamide formation in fried potato products. β-Amylase (BAM) and vacuolar invertase (INV) are crucial for starch–sugar conversion in cold-stored potatoes. This research investigates the effects of salicylic acid (SA) treatment on the CIS of potatoes and gene regulation during this process. The findings revealed that the SA treatment significantly alleviated CIS by suppressing StBAM1 and StINV1 expression in potato. Moreover, the expression of two transcription factors (TFs), StAP2/ERF and StNAC2, was inhibited by SA treatment. Transient overexpression of StAP2/ERF (AP2: APETALA2; ERF: ethylene responsive factor) and StNAC2 in tobacco leaves increased the expression of NtBAM1 and NtINV, thus promoting starch–sugar conversion. Furthermore, the β-glucuronidase (GUS) activity demonstrated that StAP2/ERF and StNAC2 increased the promoter activity of StBAM1 and StINV1. This study identifies new TFs in CIS regulation and provides new ideas for alleviating CIS in potato.
Human identification by medical findings in a forensic anthropology context
Authors: Lemos Yara Vieira , Furtado Alexandre Neves , Lima Adriana Zatti , Dionísio Alexander Santos , Araújo Ricardo Moreira , Cunha Eugénia 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This article presents a series of three complex forensic cases that posed significant challenges for identifying human remains. These include a mass dam disaster, burnt human remains, and extensively decomposed human remains. Positive identification was achieved using a shadow positioning technique with imaging comparisons of medical findings. After establishing the biological profile, medical data were evaluated with digital radiography and computed tomography examinations the human remains. These aimed to replicate the original (intravitam) traits in the same angulation to examine postsurgical characteristics, as well as the anatomical, pathological, and morphological features, which were sufficient to establish a positive scientific identification. Technological advancements tend to reveal additional skeletal details, making medical data comparisons significantly more effective in the context of anthropological identification. These cases demonstrate that the possibility of identification should never be ignored, even in situations with advanced decomposition.

Key points
Evolution of Opsin Genes in Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera)
Authors: Powell Ashlyn , Heckenhauer Jacqueline , Pauls Steffen U , Ríos-Touma Blanca , Kuranishi Ryoichi B , Holzenthal Ralph W , Razuri-Gonzales Ernesto , Bybee Seth , Frandsen Paul B 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Insects have evolved complex and diverse visual systems in which light-sensing protein molecules called “opsins” couple with a chromophore to form photopigments. Insect photopigments group into three major gene families based on wavelength sensitivity: long wavelength (LW), short wavelength (SW), and ultraviolet wavelength (UV). In this study, we identified 123 opsin sequences from whole-genome assemblies across 25 caddisfly species (Insecta: Trichoptera). We discovered the LW opsins have the most diversity across species and form two separate clades in the opsin gene tree. Conversely, we observed a loss of the SW opsin in half of the trichopteran species in this study, which might be associated with the fact that caddisflies are active during low-light conditions. Lastly, we found a single copy of the UV opsin in all the species in this study, with one exception: Athripsodes cinereus has two copies of the UV opsin and resides within a clade of caddisflies with colorful wing patterns.