bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Case of Electroencephalography and Machine Learning in Early Diagnosis of Psychotic and Affective Disorders
Authors: Sarisik E. , Popovic D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractElectroencephalography (EEG) serves as a non-invasive, cost-effective, and robust tool, directly measuring in-vivo neuronal mass activity with high temporal resolution. Using state-of-the-art machine learning techniques, EEG recordings have the potential to generate in silico biomarkers for severe mental disorders. In this study, we developed EEG-based classification models for schizophrenia and depression taking into account physiological and pathological aging processes.
From a cohort (N=735, 51.6% male) that is acquired in LMU Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, comprising healthy control individuals (HC, N=245) and patients with schizophrenia (SCZ, N=250) or major depressive disorder (MDD, N=240), we extracted power spectrum density and connectivity measures based on 60 second resting-state EEG recordings with 19 channels. The support vector machine models were trained to 1) classify patients with SCZ or MDD and HC individuals, and 2) predict age in HC individuals using ten-by-ten repeated nested-cross validation. The age-predicting model was applied to patient groups to calculate EphysAGE (Electrophysiological Age Gap Estimation) by subtracting chronological age from chronological age. The links between diagnosis, medication, and EphysAGE, i.e., accelerated aging, were then further explored with univariate analyses.
The EphysAGE Model had an explained variance of 46% (MAE=8.7 years, T=14.31, P1000<0.001). The patients with SCZ had a significantly higher EphysAGE (mean[SD]=0.61[10.32]) than the patients with MDD (mean[SD]=-1.10[10.49], p=0.04). The classification models discriminated SCZ from HC (Balanced Accuracy, BAC=72.7%, p<0.001), MDD from HC (BAC=67.0%, p<0.001), and SCZ from MDD individuals (BAC=63.2%, p<0.001). Higher EphysAGE was associated with an increased likelihood of being misclassified as SCZ in HC and MDD (ρHC=0.23, p<0.001; ρMDD=0.17, p=0.01) based on percentile rank scores from the SCZ Model. Moreover, in the Differential Diagnostic Model, higher EphysAGE is positively correlated with being misclassified as SCZ in patients with MDD (ρMDD=0.14, p=0.03).
Machine learning models can extract electrophysiological signatures of MDD and SCZ for potential clinical use. However, the impact of aging processes on diagnostic separability calls for timely application of such models, possibly in early recognition settings.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Factors influencing delays in the diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorder in adolescents and young adults: A systematic scoping review.
Authors: Levit A. , Nunez J.-J. , Morton E. , Keramatian K. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionBipolar Disorder (BD) is a complex psychiatric condition that typically manifests during late adolescence and early adulthood. Over the past two decades, international studies have reported that BD often goes unrecognized and untreated for several years, which can lead to negative clinical and functional outcomes. However, the components of delay in the diagnosis and treatment of BD in adolescents and young adults and various factors influencing those components have not been systematically explored.ObjectivesTo determine the known factors that contribute to delays in the treatment of BD in adolescents and young adults and identify current knowledge gaps.MethodsA conceptual framework based on the Model of Pathways to Treatment by Scott and colleagues was used as a foundation for our search and extraction strategy to ensure all components of delay and potential factors influencing each component are explored. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline (PRISMA-ScR) to systematically search the electronic databases of MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL for peer-reviewed original research articles published from January 01, 2000 through March 29, 2023. Inclusion was restricted to studies with quantitative or qualitative data on individuals diagnosed with bipolar spectrum disorders with symptomatic onset or study participation between the ages of 13-24. Grey literature and studies not published in English were excluded due to resource limitations. Two independent reviewers screened the references retrieved by the literature search based on our inclusion criteria. The findings of included studies were summarized in a narrative and tabular form according to component of delay.ResultsOur search yielded 5180 unique citations, of which 44 articles met our inclusion criteria. We present findings on the patient, illness, and healthcare provider/mental health system factors contributing to the delays in illness appraisal, help-seeking, diagnosis, and treatment.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic scoping review to explore the potential factors that influence delays in the treatment of BD in adolescents and young adults. Findings from this review will inform clinical practice and policy. We also demonstrate the utility of a systematic approach to identifying the components of delay, from symptom recognition through treatment, as a methodology to help identify knowledge gaps to inform future research.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
How Many Criteria Should be Required to Define the DSM-5 Mixed Features Specifier in Depressed Patients?
Authors: Zimmerman M. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionDuring the past 2 decades there has been intense interest in the clinical significance of the concurrence of manic symptoms in depressed patients. DSM-5 introduced a mixed features specifier for both bipolar depression and major depressive disorder. Studies of the DSM-5 mixed features specifier have generally found a low prevalence of mixed depression. One approach towards increasing the sensitivity of the DSM-5 mixed features criteria is to lower the classification threshold.ObjectivesIn the present study we examine the impact of lowering the DSM-5 diagnostic threshold from 3 to 2 criteria on the prevalence and validity of the DSM-5 mixed features specifier for depression.MethodsFour hundred fifty-nine psychiatric patients in a depressive episode were interviewed by a trained diagnostic rater who administered semi-structured interviews including the DSM-5 Mixed Features Specifier Interview. The patients were rated on clinician rating scales of depression, anxiety and irritability, and measures of psychosocial functioning, suicidality, and family history of bipolar disorder.ResultsIf the DSM-5 diagnostic threshold is lowered from 3 to 2 symptoms, then the prevalence of mixed features based on the DSM-5 majority of episode time frame tripled from 3.9% to 13.1% (n=60). Based on a past week time frame prevalence more than doubled from 9.4% to 22.9% (n=105) going from the 2 and 3 symptom threshold, respectively. There was no difference between the patients with 2 mixed features and patients with 0 or 1 mixed features on family history of bipolar disorder, psychosocial impairment, presence of comorbid disorders, age of onset, history of suicide attempts or psychiatric hospitalization.ConclusionsThe results of the present study do not support lowering the DSM-5-TR diagnostic threshold for the mixed features specifier in depressed patients from 3 to 2.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
The Influence of Depression in the Evolution of Parkinson’s Disease: A Psychiatric Perspective
Authors: Abu Shehab A. H. I. , Simona T. , Ciureanu I. A. , Voinescu D. C. , Burlea L. , Ciubară A. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionParkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition that is predominantly characterised by its motor symptoms. Nevertheless, it is important to note that non-motor symptoms, particularly depression often occur concurrently, exerting a substantial influence on the progression of the disease and the overall well-being of individuals affected by it.ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to examine the influence of depression on the advancement of Parkinson’s disease (PD) from a psychiatric perspective. This analysis will involve an assessment of the common neurobiological pathways involved and the potential implications for clinical treatment and care.MethodsA comprehensive assessment of the literature was conducted, focusing on clinical observations, neurochemical interactions, and neuroimaging investigations that provide insight into the concurrent presence of depression and Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study aimed to investigate the potential impact of depression on the severity of Parkinson’s disease symptoms, the course of the disease, and the responsiveness to treatment.ResultsDepression in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is not only a reactive occurrence, but rather it may be attributed to common pathophysiological mechanisms, such as changes in dopamine and serotonin pathways. The coexistence of depression among individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been linked to heightened severity of motor and cognitive symptoms, accelerated development of the disease, and diminished effectiveness of therapy interventions. Furthermore, the presence of depression in individuals with Parkinson’s disease intensifies the psychosocial difficulties experienced by both patients and their carers.ConclusionsThe recognition and management of depression in individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) is of utmost importance in order to enhance treatment approaches and enhance the overall well-being of patients. The establishment of interdisciplinary collaboration between neurologists and psychiatrists is necessary in order to guarantee a holistic approach to patient care.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Exploring the Link Between Personality Traits and Self-Care Dimensions in Individuals Affected by Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Dimou K. , Dragioti E. , Tsitsas G. , Mantzoukas S. , Gouva M. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent, chronic metabolic disorder that exerts diverse effects on individuals’ physical and psychological well-being.ObjectivesOur aim was to investigate the potential correlation between personality traits and self-care aspects among individuals living with T2DM.MethodsWe conducted a thorough search in PsycINFO, CINAHL, and PubMed/Medline for peer-reviewed articles from inception to January 9, 2023. Following PRISMA guidelines, two reviewers independently screened, extracted data, and assessed bias. We used random-effects meta-analysis for pooling estimatesResultsWe identified 23 studies meeting our inclusion criteria. Openness, conscientiousness, and agreeableness were linked to better foot care compliance (OR = 2.53, 95% CI = 1.49-4.28; OR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.10-3.08; and OR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.23-3.48, respectively). Openness was also associated with improved overall self-care behaviors (OR = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.17-3.41), while conscientiousness reduced smoking likelihood (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.93-0.99), and agreeableness enhanced medication adherence (OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.34-2.31). However, extraversion and neuroticism were linked to lower medication adherence (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.61-0.96 and OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.40-0.65, respectively). Neuroticism also negatively affected overall self-care behaviors (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.55-0.81).Image:ConclusionsPersonality traits should be considered when addressing self-care in T2DM patients.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Randomized Controlled Trials to Treat Obesity in Military Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gravina D. , Keeler J. L. , Akkese M. N. , Bektas S. , Fina P. , Tweed C. , Willmund G. D. , Dell’Osso L. , Treasure J. , Himmerich H. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionIn recent years, overweight and obesity have reached an alarmingly high incidence and prevalence worldwide; they have also been steadily increasing in military populations. Military personnel as an occupational group are often exposed to stressful and harmful environments that represent a risk factor for disordered eating with major repercussions on both physical and mental health.ObjectivesThis study aims to explore the effectiveness of weight loss interventions and to assess the significance of current obesity treatments for military populations.MethodsThree online databases (PubMed, PsycInfo, and Web of Science) were screened to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aiming to treat obesity in active-duty military personnel and veterans. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted for body weight (BW) and body mass index (BMI) values, both longitudinally comparing treatment group from pre-to-post intervention, and cross-sectionally comparing the treatment group to controls at the end of the intervention.ResultsA total of 21 studies were included: 16 cross-sectional (BW: n=15; BMI: n=12) and 16 longitudinal (BW: n=15; BMI: n=12) were meta-analyzed, and 5 studies were narratively synthesized. A significant small overall BW and BMI reduction from baseline to post-intervention was observed (BW: g = -0.10; p = 0.015; BMI: g = -0.32; p < 0.001), together with a decreased BMI (
g = -0.16; p = 0.001) and nominally lower BW (
g = -0.08; p = 0.178) in the intervention group compared to controls at post-intervention time-point. When conducting additional meta-analyses dividing by sample type, a significant decrease in both BMI (g= -0.35; p< 0.001) and BW (g= -0.12; p= 0.041) from pre-to-post intervention was observed in active-duty military personnel but not for veterans.Recommendations for clinical practice have been outlined from the findings of this study and summarized in Figure 1.Image:ConclusionsDespite limitations, such as the heterogeneity across the included interventions and the follow-up duration, our findings highlight how current weight loss interventions are effective in term of BW and BMI reductions in military populations, and how a comprehensive approach with multiple therapeutic goals should be taken during the intervention.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
From guided self-help to comprehensive ED treatment
Authors: Babusa B. , Bai-Nagy K. , Kovács J. , Dósa Á. , Salavecz G. , Túry F. , Purebl G. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionThe incidence of eating disorders is increasing in Hungary and Central-Eastern Europe. The number of complex/severe cases is also increasing. Accordingly, several new unmet needs of the users and their relatives appear in the clinical care.ObjectivesAs a possible response to these unmet needs, we have introduced a multifaceted care model for eating disorders. To facilitate easily accessible yet effective care close to home, a support programme with an online guided self-help tool and regular consultations with first responder psychiatrists or clinical psychologists has been introduced. For non (or partial) responders, a multi-faceted modular treatment programme has been developed with an individualised combination of different therapeutic approaches, including family therapy, dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) specific to binge eating disorder and bulimia, CBT and the use of virtual reality as an adjunct treatment. The most severe cases are referred for (also multifaceted) inpatient treatment. In terms of research, we want to focus on the key issues for rapid, cost-effective treatment. Firstly, we want to develop an individual profiling system at the start of therapy to assess which individual combination of modules can produce a rapid therapeutic response. Secondly, we want to identify the active gamechanger elements of therapy that are associated with the greatest change in symptoms.MethodsPatients complete the following questionnaires:-in the guided self-help group: Eating disoreder inventory, (EDI-I), McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD), Eastin Disorder Diagnostic Scale (EDDS), Eating Behavioral Severity Scale, Eating Disorders Symptom Impact Scale (EDSIS-S)- in DBT groups: Eating Disorder Examination Questionnarie (EDE-Q), Three Factor Eating Questionnaire-R21, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-(PHQ-9), Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ)- in individual therapies: Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM 5-
Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (SCIP-5-AMPD), EDI-I., Mentalization Questionnaire (MZQ), Dissociation Questionnaire (DIS-Q), Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90), (PHQ-9), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and Young Parenting Inventory (YPI).ResultsPatient recruitment and therapies are currently underway, the first preliminary results are expected in the spring period.ConclusionsIn order to provide individualized care more effectively, it is important to identify the factors that determine which therapeutic modalities work best for the patient.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of a Ketamine-assisted Psychotherapy Program Compared to Online Group Psychotherapy in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Tsang V. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionDepression continues to present significant economic burdens to the Canadian healthcare system. Novel therapies, including those that incorporate psychoactive substances such as ketamine, present an opportunity to evaluate both clinical and economic effectiveness against current standards of care, which may be repeatedly proving ineffective in treating depression for some individuals.ObjectivesThis paper evaluates the cost-effectiveness of the Roots to Thrive ketamine program compared to group psychotherapy covered through the medical services plan in British Columbia, Canada.MethodsA discrete-time Markov-model is used to estimate depressive states over five cycles for a treatment cohort and a synthetic control cohort. The transition probabilities for the treatment cohort are calculated from Roots to Thrive program data (n = 62) over the past 3 years, with the control cohort using published values from the literature. Both cohorts use the same starting state distribution, excess healthcare utilization rates for each severity level of depression, and utility outcomes based on depression state severity.ResultsCompared to the control cohort, the Roots to Thrive program was less expensive and produced better outcomes as measured by PHQ-9 scores and Quality-Adjusted life years over 5 treatment cycles. On average, the Roots to Thrive program would save $14,481 and produce 0.94 additional QALY’s per individual compared to group psychotherapy of three patients per provider in the current standard of care.ConclusionsFrom an economic perspective, incorporating the Roots to Thrive program - or a program like it - into care in British Columbia would provide both an improvement in health outcomes and reduce expenditure by the ministry of health. These funds could be reinvested into other areas of the healthcare system to improve the lives of all British Columbians, even those that do not engage in psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Does war increases the risk for psychoses?
Authors: Falkai P. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) has stated that in situations of armed conflict, “Around 10 percent of the people who experience traumatic events will have serious mental health problems, and another 10 percent will develop behavior that will hinder their ability to function effectively.” Problems include post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression, substance misuse, and possibly precipitation of psychosis. War has a catastrophic effect on the health and well being of nations. Studies have shown that conflict situations cause more mortality and disability than any major disease. Only through a greater understanding of conflicts and the myriad of mental health problems that arise from them, coherent and effective strategies for dealing with such problems can be developed.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
A spark of genius and a flash of madness: Nikola Tesla and his struggles with mental illness
Authors: Jesus Magueta S. , Costa A. L. , Simões G. , Gomes A. I. , Madaíl Grego C. , Garrido P. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionAn example of the unification of the contrast between artistic creativity and discipline of science, Nikola Tesla engineer and physicist, was also a prolific inventor that contributed to the transformation of modern society. Having resurfaced in the mainstream culture as a mythical figure, he appears to be enjoying a renaissance of posthumous recognition and praise. Throughaccounts available directly from his autobiography and descriptions offered by those who worked with him, the existence of the inventor´s eccentricities appear to reveal the existence of mental health disorder.ObjectivesThe authors explore Tesla and the psychopathology that accompanied him throughout his periods of brilliance and as well as hardship.MethodsThe authors conducted a brief non-structured narrative literature review. The keywords used during the research, alone or in combination, included: Nikola Tesla, psychopathology and mental illness. The works consulted included: news articles, autobiographies and biographies. Of these, those that were written in the English language and deemed most pertinent to the explored theme were chosen for review in this work.ResultsThe popular image of the mad scientist, which describes a brilliant but solitary and eccentric individual focused on their work is one that could be applied to Tesla. Documents reveal that he suffered a nervous breakdown, as well as having symptoms that point to a probably presence of obsessive-compulsive disorder, of which included counting and cleanliness rituals, exacerbated by chronic insomnia.ConclusionsThere appears to be anecdotal evidence pointing to an eventual relationship between creative genius and mental pathology. Although not formally evidenced through the scientific literature, exploring the life and accomplishments of Tesla serve as a significant example of a spark of genius perhaps ignited by mental illness. Tesla demonstrated suffering associated with his symptoms especially when considering the end of his life. At the time, adequate mental health interventions and treatments were not widely available, with his diagnosis probably being considered the quirks of genius and not the symptoms of disease.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared