bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arabidopsis CROWDED NUCLEI (CRWN) proteins are required for nuclear size control and heterochromatin organization
Authors: Wang Haiyi , Dittmer Travis A , Richards Eric J 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
Plant nuclei superficially resemble animal and fungal nuclei, but the machinery and processes that underlie nuclear organization in these eukaryotic lineages appear to be evolutionarily distinct. Among the candidates for nuclear architectural elements in plants are coiled-coil proteins in the NMCP (Nuclear Matrix Constituent Protein) family. Using genetic and cytological approaches, we dissect the function of the four NMCP family proteins in Arabidopsis encoded by the CRWN genes, which were originally named LINC (LITTLE NUCLEI).

Results
CRWN proteins are essential for viability as evidenced by the inability to recover mutants that have disruptions in all four CRWN genes. Mutants deficient in different combinations of the four CRWN paralogs exhibit altered nuclear organization, including reduced nuclear size, aberrant nuclear shape and abnormal spatial organization of constitutive heterochromatin. Our results demonstrate functional diversification among CRWN paralogs; CRWN1 plays the predominant role in control of nuclear size and shape followed by CRWN4. Proper chromocenter organization is most sensitive to the deficiency of CRWN4. The reduction in nuclear volume in crwn mutants in the absence of a commensurate reduction in endoreduplication levels leads to an increase in average nuclear DNA density.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that CRWN proteins are important architectural components of plant nuclei that play diverse roles in both heterochromatin organization and the control of nuclear morphology.
Association between multiple sclerosis and epilepsy: large population-based record-linkage studies
Authors: Allen Alexander N , Seminog Olena O , Goldacre Michael J 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) and epilepsy are both fairly common and it follows that they may sometimes occur together in the same people by chance. We sought to determine whether hospitalisation for MS and hospitalisation for epilepsy occur together more often than expected by chance alone.MethodsWe analysed two datasets of linked statistical hospital admission records covering the Oxford Record Linkage Study area (ORLS, 1963–1998) and all England (1999–2011). In each, we calculated the rate of occurrence of hospital admission for epilepsy in people after admission for MS, compared with equivalent rates in a control cohort, and expressed the results as a relative risk (RR).ResultsThe RR for hospital admission for epilepsy following an admission for MS was significantly high at 4.1 (95% confidence interval 3.1–5.3) in the ORLS and 3.3 (95% CI 3.1–3.4) in the all-England cohort. The RR for a first recorded admission for epilepsy 10 years and more after first recorded admission for MS was 4.7 (2.8–7.3) in ORLS and 3.9 (3.1–4.9) in the national cohort. The RR for the converse–MS following hospitalisation for epilepsy–was 2.5 (95% CI 1.7–3.5) in the ORLS and 1.9 (95% CI 1.8–2.1) in the English dataset.ConclusionsMS and epilepsy occur together more commonly than by chance. One possible explanation is that an MS lesion acts as a focus of an epileptic seizure; but other possibilities are discussed. Clinicians should be aware of the risk of epilepsy in people with MS. The findings may also suggest clues for researchers in developing hypotheses about underlying mechanisms for the two conditions.
Prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection in Sudan: a case–control study comparing interferon-γ release assay and tuberculin skin test
Authors: Shakak Amani Osman , Khalil Eltahir Awad Gasim , Musa Ahmed Mudawi , Salih Kawthar Abd Eljalil Mohamed , Bashir Abd Elgadir Ali , Ahmed Ala Hassan , Idris Fath Elrahman Mohamed , Elhassan Ahmed Mohamed ,   Tuberculosis Research Group/Sudan
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
Most people exposed to M. tuberculosis show no evidence of clinical disease. Five to 10% of individuals with latent infection progress to develop overt disease during their life time. Identification of people with latent TB infection will increase case detection rates and may dictate new treatment policies to control tuberculosis. This study aimed to determine LTBI point prevalence in a population from Sudan using two different diagnostic methods: the tuberculin skin test (TST) and the IFN-γ release assay (IGRA).

Methods
This was a prospective, community-based and case-controlled study. Following informed consent, household contacts (HHCs; n = 98) of smear-positive index cases and Community controls (CCs; 186), were enrolled. Tuberculin skin test (TST), whole blood stimulation with ESAT-6/CFP-10 ± TB7.7 antigens or purified protein derivative (PPD) and IFN-γ levels determination with ELISA were performed. The levels of IFN-γ and TST induration between the CCs and the HHCs were compared using student t-test, Chi-square and Kappa coefficient. Pearson correlation test was used to compare TST and IFN-γ. P levels of <0.05 were considered significant.

Results
TST induration of ≥ 10 mm gave an LTBI point prevalence of 327 cases/1000 individuals among HHCs compared to 126 cases/1000 individuals among CCs (p = 0.000). PPD-induced IFN-γ release assay gave an LTBI point prevalence of 418 cases/1000 individuals among HHCs compared to 301 cases/1000 individuals among CCs (p =0.06). On the other hand ESAT-6/CFP-10 ± TB7.7-induced IFN-γ gave an LTBI point prevalence of 429 cases/1000 individuals among HHCs compared to 268 cases/1000 individuals among CCs (p = 0.01). IFN-γ productions levels induced by ESAT-6/CPF-10 ± TB7.7 antigens in HHCS and CCs were not significantly different from those induced by PPD (p = 0.7).

Conclusion
IFN-γ release assay (IGRA) gave higher LTBI point prevalence compared to TST in HHCs and CCs. PPD gave comparable results to ESAT-6/CFP-10 ± TB7.7 antigens in whole blood IFN-γ release, making it a cheap alternative to the recombinant antigens.
The importance of parental beliefs and support for pedometer-measured physical activity on school days and weekend days among Canadian children
Authors: Vander Ploeg Kerry A , Kuhle Stefan , Maximova Katerina , McGavock Jonathan , Wu Biao , Veugelers Paul J 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
Parental influences are essential to the behaviours and physical activity of their children. Our study aimed to determine if parental beliefs and support are associated with children’s pedometer measured physical activity levels on school days and weekend days.

Methods
In the spring of 2009 and 2011, we analyzed cross-sectional data from 1,355 grade five students and parents in 30 schools in Alberta, Canada. Parents reported how much they care about exercising, how much they encourage their child to be physically active, and how frequently they engage in physical activities with their child. Physical activity was assessed from step counts obtained from time-stamped pedometers collected over nine consecutive days.

Results
Increased parental encouragement was positively associated with boys’ and girls’ physical activity on school days (Boys: beta = 1373, 95% CI: 606, 2139; Girls: beta = 632, 95% CI: 108, 1155) and girls’ physical activity on weekend days (beta = 997, 95% CI: 130, 1864). Increased parental care was positively associated with boys’ physical activity on weekend days (beta = 1381, 95% CI: 85, 2676). Increased parental support and engagement was associated with an additional 632–1381 steps/day for children in this study.

Conclusions
Parental care, encouragement and engagement are associated with physical activity levels of children 10–11 years of age. Policy makers and researchers should consider the importance of targeting parents when designing strategies to promote physical activity in children. This is particularly relevant to weekends and holidays when children’s activity levels are low.
On the modified q-Euler polynomials with weight
Authors: Rim Seog-Hoon , Park Jin-Woo , Kwon Jongkyum , Pyo Sung-Soo 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
In this paper, we construct a new q-extension of Euler numbers and polynomials with weight related to fermionic p-adic q-integral on

Z
p

and give new explicit formulas related to these numbers and polynomials.
No association between serum cholesterol and death by suicide in patients with schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, or major depressive disorder
Authors: Park Subin , Yi Ki Kyoung , Na Riji , Lim Ahyoung , Hong Jin Pyo 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
Previous research on serum total cholesterol and suicidality has yielded conflicting results. Several studies have reported a link between low serum total cholesterol and suicidality, whereas others have failed to replicate these findings, particularly in patients with major affective disorders. These discordant findings may reflect the fact that studies often do not distinguish between patients with bipolar and unipolar depression; moreover, definitions and classification schemes for suicide attempts in the literature vary widely.

Methods
Subjects were patients with one of the three major psychiatric disorders commonly associated with suicide: schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, and major depressive disorder (MDD). We compared serum lipid levels in patients who died by suicide (82 schizophrenia, 23 bipolar affective disorder, and 67 MDD) and non-suicide controls (200 schizophrenia, 49 bipolar affective disorder, and 175 MDD).

Results
Serum lipid profiles did not differ between patients who died by suicide and control patients in any diagnostic group.

Conclusions
Our results do not support the use of biological indicators such as serum total cholesterol to predict suicide risk among patients with a major psychiatric disorder.
First observation in a non-endemic country (Togo) of Penicillium marneffei infection in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient: a case report
Authors: Patassi Akouda Akessiwe , Saka Bayaki , Landoh Dadja Essoya , Kotosso Awerou , Mawu Koudjo , Halatoko Wemboo Afiwa , Wateba Majesté Ihou , Adjoh Komi , Tidjani Osseni , Salmon Dominique , Pitché Palokinam 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
Infection with Penicillium marneffei is a common opportunistic infection in Southeast Asia where it is endemic. We report a case of Penicillium marneffei infection with fatal outcome in a Togolese woman infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).

Case presentation
A 45-years-old patient, infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus had consulted for ongoing febrile pneumonia since two weeks. Clinical examination revealed fever of 38.5°C, dyspnea, pulmonary syndrome condensation and papulo-nodular of “molluscum contagiosum” like lesions located on the face, arms, neck and trunk. Sputum smear was negative for tuberculosis. The chest radiograph showed reticulonodular opacities in the right upper and middle lobes and two caves in the right hilar region. The CD4 count was 6 cells/mm3 after a year of antiretroviral treatment (Zidovudine-Lamivudine-Efavirenz). She was treated as smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis after a lack of gentamicin and amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid response. Culture of skin samples and sputum had revealed the presence of P. marneffei. A treatment with ketoconazole 600 mg per day was initiated. After two weeks of treatment, there was a decrease in the size and number of papules and nodules, without any new lesions. We noted disappearance of cough and fever. The chest X-ray showed a decrease of pulmonary lesions. There was no reactivation of P. marneffei infection but the patient died from AIDS after two years of follow up.

Conclusion
We report a case of P. marneffei infection in a HIV-infected patient in a non-endemic country. Clinicians should think of P. marneffei infection in all HIV-infected patients with “molluscum contagiosum” like lesions.
Insufficient ER-stress response causes selective mouse cerebellar granule cell degeneration resembling that seen in congenital disorders of glycosylation
Authors: Sun Liangwu , Zhao Yingjun , Zhou Kun , Freeze Hudson H , Zhang Yun-wu , Xu Huaxi 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundCongenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs) are inherited diseases caused by glycosylation defects. Incorrectly glycosylated proteins induce protein misfolding and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The most common form of CDG, PMM2-CDG, is caused by deficiency in the cytosolic enzyme phosphomannomutase 2 (PMM2). Patients with PMM2-CDG exhibit a significantly reduced number of cerebellar Purkinje cells and granule cells. The molecular mechanism underlying the specific cerebellar neurodegeneration in PMM2-CDG, however, remains elusive.ResultsHerein, we report that cerebellar granule cells (CGCs) are more sensitive to tunicamycin (TM)-induced inhibition of total N-glycan synthesis than cortical neurons (CNs). When glycan synthesis was inhibited to a comparable degree, CGCs exhibited more cell death than CNs. Furthermore, downregulation of PMM2 caused more CGCs to die than CNs. Importantly, we found that upon PMM2 downregulation or TM treatment, ER-stress response proteins were elevated less significantly in CGCs than in CNs, with the GRP78/BiP level showing the most significant difference. We further demonstrate that overexpression of GRP78/BiP rescues the death of CGCs resulting from either TM-treatment or PMM2 downregulation.ConclusionsOur results indicate that the selective susceptibility of cerebellar neurons to N-glycosylation defects is due to these neurons’ inefficient response to ER stress, providing important insight into the mechanisms of selective neurodegeneration observed in CDG patients.
Drug-target and disease networks: polypharmacology in the post-genomic era
Authors: Masoudi-Nejad Ali , Mousavian Zaynab , Bozorgmehr Joseph H 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWith the growing understanding of complex diseases, the focus of drug discovery has shifted away from the well-accepted “one target, one drug” model, to a new “multi-target, multi-drug” model, aimed at systemically modulating multiple targets. Identification of the interaction between drugs and target proteins plays an important role in genomic drug discovery, in order to discover new drugs or novel targets for existing drugs. Due to the laborious and costly experimental process of drug-target interaction prediction,in silicoprediction could be an efficient way of providing useful information in supporting experimental interaction data. An important notion that has emerged in post-genomic drug discovery is that the large-scale integration of genomic, proteomic, signaling and metabolomic data can allow us to construct complex networks of the cell that would provide us with a new framework for understanding the molecular basis of physiological or pathophysiological states. An emerging paradigm of polypharmacology in the post-genomic era is that drug, target and disease spaces can be correlated to study the effect of drugs on different spaces and their interrelationships can be exploited for designing drugs or cocktails which can effectively target one or more disease states. The future goal, therefore, is to create a computational platform that integrates genome-scale metabolic pathway, protein–protein interaction networks, gene transcriptional analysis in order to build a comprehensive network for multi-target multi-drug discovery.
Voucherizing Medicare
Authors: Oberlander Jonathan 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis article explores the evolving language of Medicare reform and recent conflicts over “voucherizing” Medicare. The Medicare reform debate is, in part, a contest over how to frame policy alternatives in order to enhance (or diminish) their political viability. “Voucherizing” has emerged as a powerful rhetorical weapon in that fight. Yet the accompanying debate is often misleading about both the current state of Medicare and the necessity of altering its programmatic structure to ensure future stability.
Synthesis, Structure, and Isomerization of Alkoxycarbonyl(chloro)(cyano)rhodium(III) Complexes, mer-[RhCl(CO2R)(CN)(PMe3)3] (R = Me, Et, nPr, iPr, nBu, and Bn), through C–C Bond Cleavage of Cyanoformates
Authors: Okuda Yasuhiro , Okamoto Takeru , Yamamoto Arisa , Li Jing , Nakajima Kiyohiko , Nishihara Yasushi 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Alkoxycarbonyl(chloro)(cyano)rhodium(III) complexes mer-[RhCl(CO2R)(CN)(PMe3)3] (1: R = Me; 2: R = Et; 3: R = nPr; 4: R = iPr; 5: R = nBu; 6: R = Bn) are prepared via oxidative addition of the corresponding cyanoformates to [RhCl(PMe3)3], derived in situ from [RhCl(cod)]2 and three equivalents of PMe3 in toluene at 70 °C, and their structures are characterized using NMR (1H, 13C{1H}, and 31P{1H}) and X-ray diffraction.
Typifying an era in biology through synthesis of biodiversity information: Achievements and impediments
Authors: Tripp Erin A. , Hoagland K. Elaine 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWhile phylogenetic systematics has developed rapidly and impressively over the last five decades, a reawakened interest in the role and impact of biodiversity collections epitomizes the last two decades in particular. In this essay, we explore various aspects that characterize this Biodiversity Information Synthesis: achievements, impediments, shifting personnel roles, technological advancements, and predictions on future trends—both bleak and promising.
Molecular phylogeny and historical biogeography of the lichen‐forming fungal genus Flavoparmelia (Ascomycota: Parmeliaceae)
Authors: Del-Prado Ruth , Blanco Oscar , Lumbsch H. Thorsten , Divakar Pradeep K. , Elix John. A. , Molina M. Carmen , Crespo Ana 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe lichen‐forming fungal genus Flavoparmelia includes species with distinct distribution patterns, including subcosmopolitan, restricted, and disjunct species. We used a dataset of nuclear ITS and LSU ribosomal DNA including 51 specimens to understand the influence of historical events on the current distribution patterns in the genus. We employed Bayesian, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony approaches for phylogenetic analyses, a likelihood‐based approach to ancestral area reconstruction, and a Bayesian approach to estimate divergence times of major lineages within the genus. We identified two major clades in the genus, one of them separating into two subclades and one of those into four groups. Several of the groups and clades have restricted geographical ranges in the Southern Hemisphere, but two groups include species with wider distribution areas. Our analyses suggest that the genus originated in southern South America during the Eocene–Oligocene transition and that the diversification of the Australasian groups occurred recently. The subcosmopolitan distribution of species is explained by long‐distance dispersal, while vicariance probably played a major role in the origin of the genus. Several currently accepted species were found to be non‐monophyletic, indicating that the species delimitation in the genus requires further studies.
Issues Concerning Self-Report Data and Population-Based Data Sets Involving People With Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Emerson Eric , Felce David , Stancliffe Roger J. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
This article examines two methodological issues regarding ways of obtaining and analyzing outcome data for people with intellectual disabilities: (a) self-report and proxy-report data and (b) analysis of population-based data sets. Some people with intellectual disabilities have difficulties with self-reporting due to problems of understanding and communication. However, there are serious doubts about the validity of proxy data for subjective issues. One important challenge with secondary analysis of population-based data sets is the difficulty of accurately identifying survey participants with intellectual disabilities. In both areas examined, it is important to recognize these constraints when interpreting research based on such data.
Social Inclusion and Community Participation of Individuals with Intellectual/Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Amado Angela Novak , Stancliffe Roger J. , McCarron Mary , McCallion Philip 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAs more individuals with intellectual/developmental disabilities are physically included in community life, in schools, neighborhoods, jobs, recreation, and congregations, the challenge of going beyond physical inclusion to true social inclusion becomes more apparent. This article summarizes the status of the research about community participation and social inclusion, summarizes some debates and points of contention, notes emerging research issues, and highlights needed areas of research. It is clear that most research on these topics has been conducted with individuals who are in paid formal services, and there are great needs for understanding the community participation of individuals who live on their own or with their families, as well as researching social inclusion by focusing on the attitudes and experiences of community members themselves, not just individuals with disabilities and paid providers.
Why use design methodology in culinary arts education?
Authors: Mitchell Richard , Woodhouse Adrian , Heptinstall Tony , Camp Justine 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Culinary arts education has remained largely unchanged for more than a century. Since the time of Auguste Escoffier, students have been taught French classical cookery using a master-apprentice model of education that began in the Middle Ages. While the vocational apprenticeship has been replaced in some instances by education delivered by public and private institutes, rote learning from a master continues. Contrast this with the fast pace of modern cookery and an outpouring of culinary innovation not seen in at least 150 years and you have an education system that simply cannot keep up. This article discusses the current culinary arts education system in New Zealand and identifies several forces that are highlighting the need for change. Food media’s popularizing of culinary design provides both inspiration and aspiration for those wanting to learn culinary arts. Meanwhile, the New Zealand Government promotes design through its technology curriculum and lauds design-led business and creative industries as the way of the future. Surrounding this is a growing global awareness of the challenges that we face in providing safe, sustainable and ethical food to an increasing population. The article concludes by briefly outlining how Otago Polytechnic’s Bachelor of Culinary Arts is attempting a paradigm shift that has N. Cross’ ‘designerly thinking’ at its core.
The factors associated with the failure of transcatheter pelvic arterial embolization for intractable postpartum hemorrhage
Authors: Yamasaki Yui , Morita Hiroki , Miyahara Yoshiya , Ebina Yasuhiko , Okada Takuya , Yamaguchi Masato , Yamada Hideto 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Objective: The transcatheter pelvic arterial embolization (TAE) is effective for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). There has been a little information about the factors for ineffectiveness of TAE. The aim of this study was to determine factors associated with TAE failure for PPH.

Study design: Fifty-five women who underwent TAE for intractable PPH were included. Clinical factors involving age, history of pregnancy, gestational weeks of delivery, mode of delivery, causes of PPH, complete blood count, blood loss volume, transfusion amount, shock index and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) score were compared between TAE success group (n=48) and TAE failure group (n=7).

Results: The uni- and multi-variate analyses revealed that advanced maternal age (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.12–2.18) and retained placenta as a cause of PPH (15.48, 2.04–198.12) were found to be significant factors for TAE failure.

Conclusion: The advanced age and retained placenta were independent factors associated with TAE failure for intractable PPH.