bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Posterior insular cortex – a site of vestibular–somatosensory interaction?
Authors: Baier Bernhard , Eulenburg Peter zu , Best Christoph , Geber Christian , Müller‐Forell Wibke , Birklein Frank , Dieterich Marianne 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundIn previous imaging studies the insular cortex (IC) has been identified as an essential part of the processing of a wide spectrum of perception and sensorimotor integration. Yet, there are no systematic lesion studies in a sufficient number of patients examining whether processing of vestibular and the interaction of somatosensory and vestibular signals take place in the IC.MethodsWe investigated acute stroke patients with lesions affecting the IC in order to fill this gap. In detail, we explored signs of a vestibular tone imbalance such as the deviation of the subjective visual vertical (SVV). We applied voxel‐lesion behaviour mapping analysis in 27 patients with acute unilateral stroke.ResultsOur data demonstrate that patients with lesions of the posterior IC have an abnormal tilt of SVV. Furthermore, re‐analysing data of 20 patients from a previous study, we found a positive correlation between thermal perception contralateral to the stroke and the severity of the SVV tilt.ConclusionsWe conclude that the IC is a sensory brain region where different modalities might interact.
Oxyphenisatin acetate (NSC59687) triggers a cell starvation response leading to autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autocrineTNFα‐mediated apoptosis
Authors: Morrison Bethanie L. , Mullendore Michael E. , Stockwin Luke H. , Borgel Suzanne , Hollingshead Melinda G. , Newton Dianne L. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractOxyphenisatin (3,3‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐1H‐indol‐2‐one) and several structurally related molecules have been shown to have in vitro and in vivo antiproliferative activity. This study aims to confirm and extend mechanistic studies by focusing on oxyphenisatin acetate (OXY,NSC59687), the pro‐drug of oxyphenisatin. Results confirm thatOXYinhibits the growth of the breast cancer cell linesMCF7, T47D,HS578T, andMDA‐MB‐468. This effect is associated with selective inhibition of translation accompanied by rapid phosphorylation of the nutrient sensing eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) kinases,GCN2 andPERK. This effect was paralleled by activation ofAMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) combined with reduced phosphorylation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) substrates p70S6K and 4E‐BP1. Microarray analysis highlighted activation of pathways involved in apoptosis induction, autophagy,RNA/protein metabolism, starvation responses, and solute transport. Pathway inhibitor combination studies suggested a role forAMPK/mTORsignaling, de novo transcription and translation, reactive oxygen species (ROS)/glutathione metabolism, calcium homeostasis and plasma membrane Na+/K+/Ca2+transport in activity. Further examination confirmed thatOXYtreatment was associated with autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, andROSgeneration. Additionally, treatment was associated with activation of both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. In the estrogen receptor (ER) positiveMCF7 and T47D cells,OXYinducedTNFα expression andTNFR1 degradation, indicating autocrine receptor‐mediated apoptosis in these lines. Lastly, in anMCF7 xenograft model,OXYdelivered intraperitoneally inhibited tumor growth, accompanied by phosphorylation of eIF2α and degradation ofTNFR1. These data suggest thatOXYinduces a multifaceted cell starvation response, which ultimately induces programmed cell death.
Palladium Supported Catalysts for Nitrocyclohexane Hydrogenation to Cyclohexanone Oxime with High Selectivity
Authors: Liu Ping‐Le , Zhang Hai‐Ke , Liu Si‐Hua , Yao Zheng‐Jie , Hao Fang , Liao Hong‐Guang , You Kui‐Yi , Luo He‐An 
Published: July 2013

AbstractDifferent kinds of activated carbon‐ and carbon nanotube‐supported palladium catalysts were investigated in the selective hydrogenation of nitrocyclohexane to cyclohexanone oxime under mild conditions. Carbon nanotube‐supported palladium catalysts demonstrate better catalytic performance than activated carbon‐supported palladium catalysts in general because of their mesoporous structures, which are favorable supports for the accessibility of the reactants to the active sites and the product desorption from the catalyst. Hydrogen chemisorption, transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicate that higher composition of Pd+ on the catalyst surface, larger palladium surface area, and better palladium dispersion contribute to an increase in the activity and selectivity toward cyclohexanone oxime. In addition, single‐wall carbon nanotube‐supported palladium catalysts give the best result of 97.7 % conversion of nitrocyclohexane and 97.4 % selectivity toward cyclohexanone oxime. On the basis of the results of GC–MS and the designed experiments, a possible reaction scheme was proposed.
1,2,3‐Trimethoxypropane and Glycerol Ethers as Bio‐Sourced Solvents from Glycerol. Synthesis by Solvent‐Free Phase‐Transfer Catalysis and Utilization as an Alternative Solvent in Chemical Transformations
Authors: Sutter Marc , Dayoub Wissam , Métay Estelle , Raoul Yann , Lemaire Marc 
Published: July 2013

Abstract1,2,3‐Trimethoxypropane (2), 1‐alkoxy‐2,3‐dimethoxy‐propanes, and 1‐aryloxy‐2,3‐dimethoxypropanes were prepared in good yields and selectivity by solid–liquid phase‐transfer catalysis in the presence of an inorganic base and an ammonium salt as the phase‐transfer catalyst with no additional solvent. No heating was required, and the synthesis was easily performed under atmospheric pressure on a 150 g scale. For the preparation of 2, the conversion of glycerol was complete and the selectivity for the expected glycerol trimethylether was above 95 %. This product was utilized as a solvent in organic reactions such as transesterifications between glycerol and vegetable oil, organometallic reactions (Grignard‐ and Barbier‐type reactions), carbon–carbon coupling reactions (Suzuki, Sonogashira, Heck), and in etherification reactions by dehydrogenative alkylation. The solvent showed interesting properties for the solubilization of polymers.
Iridium Application in Low‐Temperature Acidic Fuel Cells: Pt‐Free Ir‐Based Catalysts or Second/Third Promoting Metal in Pt‐Based Catalysts?
Authors: Antolini Ermete 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPt and Ir have similar properties, that is, same period and block (6d) of the periodic table, same fcc crystal structure, similar mass and atomic size. The cost of iridium, however, is ca. 60 % lower than that of platinum, so it could be a good substitute for Pt as a catalyst in fuel cells, also if it has to be taken into account that a large use of iridium in fuel cells could noticeably increase its price. Moreover, iridium is stable towards dissolution in acid medium. For these reasons, Pt‐free Ir‐based catalysts and Ir‐containing Pt‐based catalysts have been tested both as anode and cathode materials in low‐temperature acid fuel cells. In this work an overview of the application of Ir and Ir‐containing catalysts as anode materials for hydrogen, methanol and ethanol oxidation, and as cathode materials for oxygen reduction in low‐temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells fuelled with hydrogen or low molecular weight alcohols, is presented. The more suitable application of iridium in fuel cell electrodes, either as non‐Pt Ir‐based catalysts, maintaining an acceptable catalytic activity, or as co‐catalysts in Pt‐based materials, to increase fuel cell performance simultaneously to a slight decrease of the cost, is discussed.
Pulmonary Artery Occlusion Pressure May Overdiagnose Pulmonary Artery Hypertension in Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Sharma Sunil , Efird Jimmy , Kadali Renuka , Mehra Sanjay , Chohan Hadi , Daggubati Ramesh , Liles Darla , Gouge Catherine , Boettger Peter , Knupp Charles 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundA high prevalence of Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) in sickle cell disease (SCD) has been reported in several studies. However, few studies that describe the hemodynamics have actually measured pulmonary artery occlusive pressure (PAOP). Furthermore, even PAOP has been shown to be unreliable in discriminating pulmonary artery hypertension from pulmonary venous hypertension. We prospectively examined the accuracy of PAOP using simultaneous left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) measurement as the gold standard.HypothesisIn patients with SCD, PAOP may not reflect LVEDP leading to over‐diagnosis of PAH.MethodsWe prospectively examined hemodynamic data on 26 patients with SCD, at a large academic center, from 2009 through 2011. These patients underwent simultaneous PAOP and LVEDP measurements.ResultsWe tested 106 adult SCD patients with 2‐D Echocardiography for evaluation of PH. Of the 106 patients, 43 (41%) were found to have a tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity ≥ 2.5 m/sec. Of these 43, 26 patients underwent right heart catheterization (RHC) and simultaneous measurement of LVEDP. Twelve patients among the 106 (11.1%) patients were found to have PH. Eight of these (7.5 %) had PAH by PAOP criteria but only 4/106 (3/7%) had PAH by LVEDP criteria. PAOP significantly underestimated the LVEDP in both the PH group and group with normal hemodynamics (p=0.00004). BNP, and creatinine levels significantly increased in PAH group (p< 0.02, 0.01, 0.03). PAOP misclassified 50% of patients in this sickle cell disease cohort. In conclusion, PAOP may underestimate LVEDP in sickle cell patients with pulmonary hypertension and can lead to misclassification.
Effects of β‐Adrenergic Blockade on Left Ventricular Remodeling Among Hispanics and African Americans With Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Kelesidis Iosif , Varughese Christopher J. , Hourani Patrick , Zolty Ronald 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundAlthough β‐blockers (BBs) have been shown to improve cardiac function, there is individual and ethnic variation in BB clinical response. We examined the effects of BBs on left ventricular remodeling among African Americans (AAs), Hispanics, and Caucasians with systolic heart failure.HypothesisThere is ethnic variability in the effects of BBs on cardiac remodeling.MethodsThere were 185 AAs, 159 Hispanics, and 74 Caucasians selected with ejection fraction ≤40% from any etiology. Change in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end‐diastolic dimensions (LVEDD), and degree of mitral regurgitation (MR) in response to 1 year of BBs was evaluated retrospectively.ResultsOverall, there was a significant improvement in LVEF, LVEDD, and degree of MR in AAs and Caucasians after 1 year of BBs (P < 0.001 vs baseline). Compared with other races, Hispanics (%) had no significant improvement in LVEDD and degree of MR, and had fewer patients with reverse remodeling: LVEF (42.77%), LVEDD (5.03%), and MR (16.35%). In multivariable analysis, Hispanic and AA race were important predictors of LVEF and LVEDD (P < 0.01) but not MR response.ConclusionsAlthough most patients demonstrated improvement of LVEF, there seems to be ethnic variability in the effects of BBs on cardiac remodeling. Degree of MR and LVEDD failed to show improvement among Hispanics.
Oral Anticoagulants to Reduce the Risk of Stroke in Atrial Fibrillation: How Should a Clinician Choose?
Authors: Mohammed Ilyas , Syed Wajihuddin , Kowey Peter R. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF), a common arrhythmia that occurs with increasing frequency in the aging population, is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. To ensure that patients receive adequate anticoagulant prophylaxis, clinical guidelines for anticoagulation advocate use of validated scoring systems to stratify patients by cardiovascular risk and predict the individual patient's risk of adverse effects of therapy. Recently approved oral anticoagulants—a direct thrombin inhibitor and the factor Xa inhibitors—may offer advantages over the 50‐year standard, warfarin, for efficacy, safety, and ease of administration. Clinical trial experience with the newly approved agents and others, yet to be approved, will define their relative value in reducing the risk of thromboembolism associated with AF. This article discusses issues that may help clinicians choose among these newer agents and individualize treatment appropriately.
Pharmacogenetic testing in the face of unclear clinical efficacy: Lessons from cytochrome P450 2D6 for tamoxifen
Authors: Peppercorn Jeffrey , Hamilton Erika , Marcom Paul Kelly , Beskow Laura , Lyman Gary H. 
Published: July 2013

BACKGROUNDThis study evaluated self‐reported knowledge, practice, and attitudes toward commercially available cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) pharmacogenomic testing for patients on tamoxifen for breast cancer (CYPT) among US oncologists while evidence for the use of the test was evolving.METHODSA self‐administered survey of medical oncology breast cancer specialists at National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCNO) centers and a random sample of community‐based oncologists (CBOs) was undertaken. The survey evaluated knowledge and use of the CYP2D6 test and response to hypothetical test results.RESULTSIn total, 201 of 459 (44%) oncologists responded. At a time when CYPT remained experimental, 31% of oncologists reported use of CYPT and 56% reported willingness to order CYPT outside of a clinical trial if requested by a patient. Compared to oncologists specializing in breast cancer, oncologists in community‐based practice were more likely to use CYPT routinely (21% versus 11%, P < .06), to order CYPT on patient request (66% versus 44%, P < .001), and to change management for premenopausal women with intermediate metabolism (34% CBO versus 8% NCCN, P < .001). Oncologists cited data from randomized trials and professional guidelines as most influential when considering use of a genetic test.CONCLUSIONSPrior to definitive evidence, a minority of oncologists reported using the CYP2D6 test routinely, and many indicated willingness to change management of patients based on test results. There is a need to educate clinicians and the public regarding the uncertain benefits of commercially available genetic tests in clinical practice when evidence from ongoing trials is still emerging. Cancer 2013;119:3703–3709. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Comparative survey of the topographical distribution of signature molecular lesions in major neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Arnold Steven E. , Toledo Jon B. , Appleby Dina H. , Xie Sharon X. , Wang Li‐San , Baek Young , Wolk David A. , Lee Edward B. , Miller Bruce L. , Lee Virginia M.‐Y. , Trojanowski John Q. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTAn understanding of the anatomic distributions of major neurodegenerative disease lesions is important to appreciate the differential clinical profiles of these disorders and to serve as neuropathological standards for emerging molecular neuroimaging methods. To address these issues, here we present a comparative survey of the topographical distribution of the defining molecular neuropathological lesions among 10 neurodegenerative diseases from a large and uniformly assessed brain collection. Ratings of pathological severity in 16 brain regions from 671 cases with diverse neurodegenerative diseases are summarized and analyzed. These include: 1) amyloid‐β and tau lesions in Alzheimer's disease; 2) tau lesions in three other tauopathies including Pick's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration; 3) α‐synuclein inclusion ratings in four synucleinopathies including Parkinson's disease, Parkinson's disease with dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy; and 4) TDP‐43 lesions in two TDP‐43 proteinopathies, including frontotemporal lobar degeneration associated with TDP‐43 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The data presented graphically and topographically confirm and extend previous pathological anatomic descriptions and statistical comparisons highlight the lesion distributions that either overlap or distinguish the diseases in each molecular disease category. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:4339–4355, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adaptive method to support social‐based mobile networks using a pagerank approach
Authors: Pop Florin , Ciobanu Radu‐Ioan , Dobre Ciprian 
Published: July 2013

SummaryOpportunistic networks are mobile networks that rely on the store‐carry‐and‐forward paradigm, using contacts between nodes to opportunistically transfer data. For this reason, traditional routing mechanisms are no longer suitable. The use of additional routing criterion, such as social information about nodes, can increase the probability of successful message delivery. Popularity of a node, another important routing criterion, can be inferred using the betweenness centrality, meaning the number of times the node is on the shortest path between any other two nodes in the social graph. However, computing the betweenness centrality is impossible in practice, especially when connectivity between individuals is transient, and each node has only a local view of the entire network. We propose a fundamental rethinking, where nodes and not paths are the observation focus. In our approach, we compute the probability of a node to participate in a path formation (e.g., the probability of a node to lead to the next popular path). We present our solution, which takes inspiration from the PageRank approach, and present an algorithm to compute and update the popularity of nodes using the probability of each node to be used as carrier for random messages traversing the network. We demonstrate that this approach is highly robust, numerical insensitive to errors, and converges fast, meaning it can be easily adopted in resource‐constraint environments formed between highly mobile wireless devices. Our experimental results sustain our empirical observations for various case studies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards scheduling for Internet‐of‐Things applications on clouds: a simulated annealing approach
Authors: Moschakis Ioannis A. , Karatza Helen D. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryThe Internet of Things (IoT) and Cloud Computing are two novel paradigms both rapidly evolving in their particular areas of application. The former is enabled through several technologies ranging from communication systems to distributed intelligence, whereas the latter provides the means for massively parallel computation on demand. Therefore, we can include Cloud Computing as an enabling factor in the greater picture of the IoT. Given the complexity of IoT's computing concepts, it would be prudent to assume that this complexity will eventually provide computing workloads that are different in kind to the current ones. Thus, it becomes important to study how current scheduling optimization techniques can be adapted to such computing tasks. In this study, we have evaluated the application of simulated annealing in a multi‐cloud system serving a workload of processes with low parallelism but with high arrival rates and highly variant run‐times. A discrete event simulator was used in order to assess both the performance and the cost of the system. Simulation results indicate that significant gains both in performance and in cost can be achieved using the proposed scheduling technique in this context. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insights into the Mechanism of the Reaction between Tetrachloro‐p‐Benzoquinone and Hydrogen Peroxide and their Implications in the Catalytic Role of Water Molecules in Producing the Hydroxyl Radial
Authors: Li Ping , Wang Weihua , Sun Qiao , Li Zhen , Du Aijun , Bi Siwei , Zhao Yan 
Published: July 2013

AbstractDetailed mechanisms for the formation of hydroxyl or alkoxyl radicals in the reactions between tetrachloro‐p‐benzoquinone (TCBQ) and organic hydroperoxides are crucial for better understanding the potential carcinogenicity of polyhalogenated quinones. Herein, the mechanism of the reaction between TCBQ and H2O2has been systematically investigated at the B3LYP/6‐311++G** level of theory in the presence of different numbers of water molecules. We report that the whole reaction can easily take place with the assistance of explicit water molecules. Namely, an initial intermediate is formed first. After that, a nucleophilic attack of H2O2onto TCBQ occurs, which results in the formation of a second intermediate that contains an OOH group. Subsequently, this second intermediate decomposes homolytically through cleavage of the OO bond to produce a hydroxyl radical. Energy analyses suggest that the nucleophilic attack is the rate‐determining step in the whole reaction. The participation of explicit water molecules promotes the reaction significantly, which can be used to explain the experimental phenomena. In addition, the effects of F, Br, and CH3substituents on this reaction have also been studied.
An Optical Probe Possessing Upconversion Luminescence and Hg2+‐Sensing Properties
Authors: Zhang Jin , Li Bin , Zhang Liming , Zhang Ligong 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA Hg2+‐selective chromophoric upconversion nanosystem is achieved by covalently grafting Rhodamine B hydrazide (RB‐hydrazide) onto upconversion luminescent nanorod core–shell structures. The prepared β‐NaYF4 nanorods are coated with silica and characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDAX), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and photoluminescence spectra. Under 980 nm excitation, the upconversion luminescence is sensitive towards Hg2+ because RB‐hydrazide‐Hg can efficiently absorb green upconversion emission. The prepared nanocomposites exhibit high sensitivity and selectivity towards Hg2+ over other metal ions. These results indicate that this nanosystem could be developed as a promising fluorescence probe for detecting Hg2+ ions.
Energy‐Resolved Collision‐Induced Dissociation Studies of 2,2′‐Bipyridine Complexes of the Late First‐Row Divalent Transition‐Metal Cations: Determination of the Third‐Sequential Binding Energies
Authors: Nose Holliness , Rodgers M. T. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe third‐sequential binding energies of the late first‐row divalent transition‐metal cations with 2,2′‐bipyridine (Bpy) are determined using guided‐ion‐beam tandem mass spectrometry (GIBMS) techniques. The metal cations investigated include the late first‐row divalent transition‐metal cations, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+. The kinetic‐energy‐dependent cross sections for collision‐induced dissociation (CID) of the M2+(Bpy)3 complexes are analyzed to extract absolute 0 and 298 K bond dissociation energies (BDEs) for the loss of an intact Bpy ligand. Theoretical electronic structure calculations at the B3LYP, BHandHLYP, and M06 levels of theory are performed to determine stable geometries and sequential BDEs of the M2+(Bpy)x complexes (x=1–3). BDEs computed using the M06 functional are the largest, BHandHLYP values are intermediate, whereas B3LYP produces the smallest values. Very good agreement between the B3LYP theoretically calculated and threshold collision‐induced dissociation experimentally determined BDEs is found, which suggests that the B3LYP functional is capable of accurately describing the binding in these M2+(Bpy)3 complexes. Periodic trends in the binding of the M2+(Bpy)x complexes are examined and compared to the analogous complexes with 1,10‐phenanthroline (Phen), M2+(Phen)x. Comparisons are also made to the analogous Bpy complexes, M+(Bpy)x, with the late first‐row monovalent transition‐metal cations, Co+, Ni+, Cu+, and Zn+ investigated previously.