bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topological evolution in compressible turbulent boundary layers
Authors: Chu You-Biao , Lu Xi-Yun 
Published: September 2013

AbstractTopological evolution of compressible turbulent boundary layers at Mach 2 is investigated by means of statistical analysis of the invariants of the velocity gradient tensor based on the direct numerical simulation database. The probability density functions of the rate of change of the invariants exhibit the $- 3$ power-law distribution in the region of large Lagrangian derivative of the invariants in the inner and outer layers. The topological evolution is studied by conditional mean trajectories for the evolution of the invariants. The trajectories illustrate inward-spiralling orbits around and converging to the origin of the space of invariants in the outer layer, while they are repelled by the vicinity of the origin and converge towards a limit cycle in the inner layer. The compressibility effect on the mean topological evolution is studied in terms of the ‘incompressible’, compressed and expanding regions. It is found that the mean evolution of flow topologies is altered by the compressibility. The evolution equations of the invariants are derived and the relevant dynamics of the mean topological evolution are analysed. The compressibility effect is mainly related to the pressure effect. The mutual-interaction terms among the invariants are the root of the clockwise spiral behaviour of the local flow topology in the space of invariants.
Fluctuations of thermodynamic variables in stationary compressible turbulence
Authors: Donzis Diego A. , Jagannathan Shriram 
Published: September 2013

AbstractA large database of new direct numerical simulations of forced compressible turbulence on up to$204{8}^{3} $grids, and a range of Reynolds (${R}_{\lambda } $) and turbulent Mach (${M}_{t} $) numbers, is analysed to study the scaling of pressure, density and temperature fluctuations. Small-perturbation analysis is used to study the scaling of variances, and different cross-correlations as well as spectra. Qualitative differences are observed between low and high${M}_{t} $. The probability density functions (p.d.f.s) of pressure and density are negatively skewed at low${M}_{t} $(consistent with incompressible results) but become positively skewed at high${M}_{t} $. The positive tails are found to follow a log-normal distribution. A new variable is introduced to quantify departures from isentropic fluctuations (an assumption commonly used in the literature) and is found to increase as${ M}_{t}^{2} $. However, positive fluctuations of pressure and density tend to be more isentropic than negative fluctuations. In general, Reynolds number effects on single-point statistics are observed to be weak. The spectral behaviour of pressure, density and temperature is also investigated. While at low${M}_{t} $, pressure appears to scale as${k}^{- 7/ 3} $($k$is the wavenumber) in the inertial range as in incompressible flows, a${k}^{- 5/ 3} $scaling also appears to be consistent with the data at a range of Mach numbers. Density and temperature spectra are found to scale as${k}^{- 5/ 3} $for a range of Mach numbers.
Nucleating bubble clouds with a pair of laser-induced shocks and bubbles
Authors: Quinto-Su Pedro A. , Ando Keita 
Published: September 2013

AbstractLaser-induced optical breakdown at two spatial locations in ultrapure water saturated with ambient gas is used to nucleate microscopic bubble clouds with lifetimes of tens of nanoseconds. The liquid is ruptured via the interaction of a pair of laser-induced shocks and bubbles. We find that the acoustically nucleated micro-bubbles appear in a localized region defined by the plane that bisects the pair of foci, where rarefaction waves (reflected from the laser-induced bubbles) merge. We measure the probability for acoustic nucleation as a function of the separation between the foci, and the minimum pressures for each separation are calculated with Euler flow simulations. The simulations show that the liquid is exposed to negative pressures for 3–17 ns. A statistical threshold pressure for cavitation inception (0.5 probability) of $- 20. 1\pm 3. 4~\mathrm{MPa} $ is extracted from the measured probabilities and the calculated minimum pressures.
Suppression of antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia with aripiprazole in an elderly patient with bipolar I disorder
Authors: Wu Wei-Yi , Chan Hung-Yu , Tan Happy Kuy-Lok 
Published: September 2013

IntroductionAripiprazole has a low risk for causing extrapyramidal syndrome and can remit neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia (TD). Here, we presented a case in which TD was suppressed, but not cured, by long-term aripiprazole treatment.CaseThis 74-year-old male patient had bipolar I disorder and had developed TD many times after several antipsychotic treatments. The lowest chlorpromazine dose equivalent among the previous antipsychotic treatments was 25 mg/day of quetiapine. His TD always improved immediately after the dosage was shifted to aripiprazole. However, his insomnia or other psychiatric symptoms worsened the first three times when the treatment was shifted to aripiprazole, making the transition a failure. Before the fourth attempt of aripiprazole transition, the patient was in a euthymic state but again developed TD under olanzapine 10 mg/day treatment. During the fourth attempt of aripiprazole transition, his TD had remained in complete remission for more than 1 year after the dosage shifted to 10 mg/day of aripiprazole. He developed TD again when we tapered the aripiprazole dose to 5 mg/day, but his TD remitted when we restored his aripiprazole dose to 10 mg/day.ConclusionAripiprazole could be an effective drug in elderly bipolar patients with antipsychotic-induced TD while the patients are in a euthymic state. However, aripiprazole may only suppress TD rather than cure it.
Short- and long-term effects of a maternal low-protein diet on ventilation, O2/CO2chemoreception and arterial blood pressure in male rat offspring
Authors: de Brito Alves José Luiz , Nogueira Viviane Oliveira , de Oliveira Gerliny Bezerra , da Silva Glauber Santos Ferreira , Wanderley Almir Gonçalves , Leandro Carol Góis , Costa-Silva João Henrique 
Published: September 2013

Maternal undernutrition increases the risk of adult arterial hypertension. The present study investigated the short- and long-term effects of a maternal low-protein diet on respiratory rhythm, O2/CO2chemosensitivity and arterial blood pressure (ABP) of the offspring. Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups according to their mothers' diets during gestation and lactation: control (NP, 17 % of casein) and low-protein (LP, 8 % of casein) groups. Direct measurements of ABP, respiratory frequency (RF), tidal volume (VT) and ventilation (VE), as well as hypercapnia (7 % CO2) and hypoxia (7 % O2) evoked respiratory responses were recorded from the awake male offspring at the 30th and 90th days of life. Blood samples were collected for the analyses of protein, creatinine and urea concentrations. The LP offspring had impaired body weight and length throughout the experiment. At 30 d of age, the LP rats showed a reduction in the concentrations of total serum protein (approximately 24 %). ABP in the LP rats was similar to that in the NP rats at 30 d of age, but it was 20 % higher at 90 d of age. With respect to ventilatory parameters, the LP rats showed enhanced RF (approximately 34 %) and VE (approximately 34 %) at 30 d of age, which was associated with increased ventilatory responses to hypercapnia (approximately 21 % in VE) and hypoxia (approximately 82 % in VE). At 90 d of age, the VE values and CO2/O2chemosensitivity of the LP rats were restored to the control range, but the RF values remained elevated. The present data show that a perinatal LP diet alters respiratory rhythm and O2/CO2chemosensitivity at early ages, which may be a predisposing factor for increased ABP at adulthood.
Ants’ learning of nest entrance characteristics (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)
Authors: Cammaerts M.-C. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractYoung workers, experimentally removed from their nest and set in front of it, are not very good at finding the nest entrance and entering the nest. I examined how young ants learn their nest entrance characteristics, dealing only with the entrance sensu stricto, not with its vicinity. I observed that young ants have the innate behavior of trying to exit and re-enter their nest. I found that they are imprinted with the nest entrance odor while they are still living inside their nest and that they learn the visual aspect of their nest entrances, thanks to operant conditioning, when they exit their nest and succeed in re-entering in the course of their first short trips outside.
The Emergence of Parties in the Canadian House of Commons (1867–1908)
Authors: Godbout Jean-François , Høyland Bjørn 
Published: September 2013

Abstract. This study analyses legislative voting in the first ten Canadian Parliaments (1867–1908). The results demonstrate that party unity in the House of Commons dramatically increased over time. From the comparative literature on legislative organization, we identify three factors to explain this trend: partisan sorting, electoral incentives and negative agenda control. Our empirical analysis shows that intraparty conflict is primarily explained by the opposition between Anglo-Celtic/Protestants and French/Catholic members of Parliament. Once lawmakers sort into parties according to their religious affiliations, we observe a sharp increase in voting unity within the Liberal and Conservative caucuses. Ultimately, our results highlight the importance of territorial and socio-cultural conflicts, as well as agenda control, in explaining the emergence of parties as cohesive voting groups in the House of Commons.Résumé. Cette étude analyse le vote législatif dans les dix premiers parlements canadiens (1867–1908). Les résultats démontrent que l'unité partisane à la Chambre des communes a augmenté dramatiquement durant cette période. En nous basant sur les principales théories liées à l'organisation des législatures, nous identifions trois facteurs pour expliquer cette tendance : la classification partisane; les pressions électorales; et le contrôle de l'agenda législatif. Nos analyses empiriques confirment que les conflits intra-partisans au Parlement s'expliquent principalement par l'opposition entre les députés Anglos-Celtiques/Protestants et Francos/Catholiques. À partir du moment où les députés commencent à rejoindre les principaux partis selon leur groupe religieux, nous observons un accroissement important de l'unité législative au sein des caucus libéral et conservateur. Les résultats de cette recherche soulignent l'importance des conflits territoriaux et socioculturels, mais aussi de l'agenda législatif, pour expliquer l'émergence des partis politiques comme groupes cohésifs à la Chambre des communes.
Visualising conversations between care home staff and residents with dementia
Authors: BAKER ROSEMARY , ANGUS DANIEL , SMITH-CONWAY ERIN R. , BAKER KATHARINE S. , GALLOIS CINDY , SMITH ANDREW , WILES JANET , CHENERY HELEN J. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTPeople with dementia living in residential care often face the dual disadvantage of increasing difficulty with communication and reduced opportunities for conversation. Social interaction is central to wellbeing of residents with dementia, so it is important that care staff have the skills to engage in conversation with them. We studied conversations in 20 care staff–resident dyads, to examine conversation structure and content, patterns of engagement within conversations, including the topics around which engagement occurred, and communication behaviours by care staff that appeared to facilitate (or impede) participation by residents. The transcripts were analysed using Discursis, a computational information visualisation tool that allows interactive visual inspection, in context, of the contributions by each speaker, the turn-taking dynamics, and the content recurring within and between speakers. We present case examples (a) where care staff did most of the talking, initiated topics and were responsible for most recurrence of content; (b) where talk was more evenly shared between partners, with some topics initiated and/or elaborated by participants with dementia; and (c) where participants with dementia talked most, with care staff supporting the conversation. We identified accommodative strategies used by care staff, such as reflecting back the other person's responses to sustain engagement. We also noted care staff behaviours that impeded communication, such as not listening attentively and not allowing sufficient time for responses. The results from this study highlight aspects of social communication within the aged care context and suggest ways in which rewarding interactions between staff and residents with dementia might be encouraged.
Weekend diagnosis of Escherichia coli urinary tract infection does not predict poor outcome
Authors: ECHAIZ J. F. , HENDERSON J. P. , WARREN D. K. , MARSCHALL J. 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARYIt has been suggested that mortality is higher in patients admitted to hospitals during the weekend. The objective of this study was to compare outcomes in patients with E. coli urinary tract infection (UTI) depending on the hospital admission day. For this purpose, a secondary analysis of data from a prospective cohort of patients with E. coli UTI was conducted. Weekend diagnosis of UTI was not associated with higher mortality. However, mortality was associated with sepsis, sepsis-induced hypotension and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Sepsis-induced hypotension and ICU admission were independent determinants of mortality. The results indicate that indicators of severity of illness are associated with higher mortality in patients with UTI rather than the time of diagnosis.
Dissociable brain correlates for depression, anxiety, dissociation, and somatization in depersonalization-derealization disorder
Authors: Lemche Erwin , Surguladze Simon A. , Brammer Michael J. , Phillips Mary L. , Sierra Mauricio , David Anthony S. , Williams Steven C. R. , Giampietro Vincent P. 
Published: September 2013

ObjectiveThe cerebral mechanisms of traits associated with depersonalization-derealization disorder (DPRD) remain poorly understood.MethodHappy and sad emotion expressions were presented to DPRD and non-referred control (NC) subjects in an implicit event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) design, and correlated with self report scales reflecting typical co-morbidities of DPRD: depression, dissociation, anxiety, somatization.ResultsSignificant differences between the slopes of the two groups were observed for somatization in the right temporal operculum (happy) and ventral striatum, bilaterally (sad). Discriminative regions for symptoms of depression were the right pulvinar (happy) and left amygdala (sad). For dissociation, discriminative regions were the left mesial inferior temporal gyrus (happy) and left supramarginal gyrus (sad). For state anxiety, discriminative regions were the left inferior frontal gyrus (happy) and parahippocampal gyrus (sad). For trait anxiety, discriminative regions were the right caudate head (happy) and left superior temporal gyrus (sad).DiscussionThe ascertained brain regions are in line with previous findings for the respective traits. The findings suggest separate brain systems for each trait.ConclusionOur results do not justify any bias for a certain nosological category in DPRD.
Evaluating the impact on saving of tax-favored retirement plans
Authors: PAIELLA MONICA , TISENO ANDREA 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis paper exploits a recent reform of private pension schemes in Italy to identify the impact on household saving of tax-favored retirement saving plans. The reform was part of the restructuring of the social security system and was aimed at rising private long-term saving by making pension funds more attractive and convenient. We control for unobserved saver heterogeneity and a central focus is on substitution across saving instruments. We find that the pension fund legislation had a strong effect on the allocation of saving and triggered substantial substitution of non-tax-favored non-retirement wealth for tax-favored pension funds. In contrast, we find that it had little, if any effect on household saving flows. Our findings also suggest that the provision of ‘closed’ pension funds might significantly affect the decision to invest in private retirement schemes.
Redescription and taxonomic status of specimens of Episcoposaurus and Typothorax, the earliest known aetosaurs (Archosauria: Suchia) from the Upper Triassic of western North America, and the problem of proxy “holotypes”
Authors: Parker William G. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTHistoric type and referred material of the aetosaurian taxa Typothorax coccinarum, Episcoposaurus horridus and Episcoposaurus haplocerus are redescribed and the non-aetosaurian material identified and removed, a task previously considered “hopeless”. Reexamination of the original material reveals that the holotypes of E. haplocerus and probably T. coccinarum are not diagnosable at the species level and therefore are nomena dubia. The next available names for material referred to these taxa are Desmatosuchus spurensis and E. horridus respectively, although it may be more desirable for reasons of taxonomic stability to attempt to petition for a neotype in the latter case. The redescription of historical specimens is necessary to determine their nomenclatural validity. The use of referred specimens as proxy “type” specimens is problematic, as these referrals were originally made not on the basis of apomorphies, but rather on biostratigraphic and/or geographical assumptions which are inherently circular and cannot be unambiguously supported.
Further analysis of a Late Jurassic dinosaur bone-bed from the Morrison Formation of Montana, USA, with a computed three-dimensional reconstruction
Authors: Storrs Glenn W. , Oser Sara E. , Aull Mark 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTA Late Jurassic sauropod bone-bed comprising thousands of individual skeletal elements in the Morrison Formation of Montana, USA, is re-analysed to further elucidate its taphonomic history. New data gained from detailed contextual sampling is assembled and presented to test the hypothesis of a drought-induced, mass-mortality assemblage, and its subsequent depositional emplacement by a debris flow. Large dinosaur bone-beds are well-known in the Morrison, yet the Mother's Day Quarry site is unique for the formation in depicting an apparent debris flow deposit. Use of a computer program tailored to the data allows three-dimensional reconstruction of the bone-bed and recreates the palaeoslope of the deposit, adding support to the debris flow hypothesis. Such digital manipulation of field data may allow a deeper understanding of other bone-bed origination events.
Tyrannosauroid dinosaurs from the Aguja Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of Big Bend National Park, Texas
Authors: Lehman Thomas M. , Wick Steven L. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTRare remains of tyrannosauroid dinosaurs from the Aguja Formation in West Texas indicate the presence here of a relatively gracile species, comparable in form and adult size toAppalachiosaurusor subadult albertosaurines,GorgosaurusandAlbertosaurus. Histologic analysis of one of the specimens indicates that the Aguja tyrannosaur attained an adult size substantially smaller than adult albertosaurines (700 kg, 6·5 m body length). The frontal bone is narrow with a wide orbital slot and a bipartite joint for the postorbital, features thought to be diagnostic of Albertosaurinae; but there is a tall sagittal crest and reduced parietal wedge separating the frontals on the midline, features thought to be diagnostic of Tyrannosaurinae. The tall sagittal crest may be a synapomorphy of Tyrannosaurinae, and the Aguja tyrannosaur is herein referred to that clade. However, the unique combination of character states exhibited by the frontal prevents confident attribution to any known species. The Aguja tyrannosaur provides further evidence that North American Campanian tyrannosauroids were remarkably diverse for such large predators, and that each species was apparently endemic to a relatively small geographic province.
Jaw musculature and jaw mechanics ofSebecus icaeorhinusSimpson, 1937 (Mesoeucrocodylia, Sebecosuchia)
Authors: Molnar Ralph E. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTSebecus icaeorhinuspossessed a narrow, elevated snout and laterally compressed, serrate teeth, unlike modern crocodilians, but superficially similar to those of theropod dinosaurs. Lever arms of the mandibular adductors were generally relatively greater than those ofCrocodylus niloticus. Some of the adductors and thedepressor mandibulaewere relatively larger than inAlligator mississippiensis. ThusSebecusmay have had a stronger bite than the modern forms examined. The form of the teeth suggests use in cutting. Some theropod dinosaurs are similar to sebecosuchians in the possession of relatively deep, narrow snouts and laterally-compressed, serrate teeth. However, the adductor structure was substantially different from that ofSebecus. The presence of muscle and tendon attachments inSebecussuggests the adductor structure of mesoeucrocodylians is conservative and was established before divergence of the sebecosuchian and neosuchian lineages. No results presented here contradict the interpretation of sebecosuchians as land-dwelling predators.
A new unusual tapejarid (Pterosauria, Pterodactyloidea) from the Early Cretaceous Romualdo Formation, Araripe Basin, Brazil
Authors: Kellner Alexander W. A. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTA new unusual tapejarid pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous Romualdo Formation (Araripe Basin, Brazil) is described, based on a skull, lower jaw and some postcranial elements.Caupedactylus ybakagen. et sp. shows the typical high nasoantorbital fenestra of the Thalassodrominae but lacks a palatal ridge, and shares with the Tapejarinae several features, including a downturned rostral end, allowing its allocation to that clade. Furthermore, the new species differs in having an anteriorly and posteriorly expanded premaxillary sagittal crest, the lacrimal process of the jugal strongly inclined, and a slit-like postpalatine fenestra, among other characters. The region of the left jugal-quadratojugal-quadrate shows a pathology that is likely the result of an infection. The lateral surface of the premaxillary crest presents grooves that were interpreted in other pterosaurs as impressions of blood vessels, corroborating growing evidence that cranial crests could have been involved in thermoregulation. Also, the new species has a well-preserved palate with a large palatine forming the anterior region of the choanae and the postpalatine fenestra and a secondary subtemporal fenestra. Since the latter has been regarded as unique to non-pterodactyloids, its occurrence inCaupedactylusdemonstrates that the evolution of palatal region in pterosaurs is more complex than previously thought.