bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lactoferrin efficacy in treating hyperferritinemia in patients suffering from pathologies unrelated to hereditary hemochromatosis
Authors: Pollio Giuditta , Rosa Luigi , Costanzo Anna Maria , Paesano Rosalba , Tripepi Giovanni , Valenti Piera 
Published: July 2024

Ferritin (Ftn), a globular protein, sequesters 4500 atoms of iron per molecule. Elevated serum Ftn levels (hyperferritinemia) is an indicator of iron homeostasis disorders. We present the results of an observational study involving 17 patients with hyperferritinemia unrelated to hereditary hemochromatosis (HH). All participants received treatment with 200 mg of bovine lactoferrin (bLf) once ( n = 14) or twice ( n = 3) a day before meals. The patients, treated with 200 mg/day of bLf, exhibited a significant increase in red blood cells (+10%, p < 0.001), hemoglobin (+4%, p < 0.001), and hematocrit (+15%, p = 0.004), accompanied by a significant reduction in serum Ftn levels (−52%, p < 0.001), C-reactive protein (CRP) (−85.0%, p < 0.001), and D-dimers (−19%, p < 0.001). Among the three patients treated with 400 mg/day of bLf, two had effects similar to those of patients bLf-treated with 200 mg/day and one experienced a strong reduction of Ftn, CRP, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (from −97% to −75%). The decrease in serum Ftn levels due to bLf treatment was largely independent of gender ( p = 0.78), age ( p = 0.66), baseline symptoms ( p = 0.20), and concomitant acute ( p = 0.34) and chronic ( p = 0.53) infections. Although this observational pilot study yields positive effects in patients with hyperferritinemia unrelated to HH treated with bLf, a larger sample size is needed for conclusive results.
Estimating relative density from shallow depth CPTs in normally consolidated and overconsolidated siliceous sand
Authors: Jensen Mathias Rolf 
Published: July 2024

Current interpretation of relative density ( Dr) based on cone penetration test (CPT) end resistance ( qc) data in sand relies on empirical expressions established from calibration chamber studies for which a deep failure penetration mechanism is attained. These expressions are mainly based on stress normalised qc data. Previous studies have highlighted the importance of performing the normalisation procedure with respect to the mean effective stress ( p′) in overconsolidated (OC) sand deposits instead of the vertical effective stress ( σ′v) that has been used in normally consolidated deposits. Due to a large variation in the coefficient of earth pressure at rest ( K0), on which p′ depends, in the uppermost 3–5 m of OC sand, a recent study has demonstrated a rigorous unified approach for estimating a varying K0 with depth. However, the surficial shallow failure penetration effects are not accounted for, and consequently, interpretation of the upper 0.5–1.5 m of sand is still erroneous. This depth range is very important for low-stress geotechnical applications such as offshore flowlines and mudmats. With a reinterpretation of previously published data, a new global model is presented that potentially enables estimation of Dr from shallow CPTs in siliceous sand by taking into account both the shallow failure penetration effects (important in the uppermost 0.5–1.5 m) as well as the varying K0 with depth for OC sand (important in the uppermost 3–5 m). However, the new model needs future calibration with controlled laboratory testing.
Scalarization of Kerr–Newman black holes in the Einstein–Chern–Simons-scalar theory
Authors: Fan Kun-Hui , Myung Yun Soo , Zou De-Cheng , Lai Meng-Yun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe investigate the tachyonic instability of Kerr–Newman (KN) black hole with a rotation parameter a in the Einstein–Chern–Simons-scalar theory coupled with a quadratic massive scalar field. This instability analysis corresponds to exploring the onset of spontaneous scalarization for KN black holes. First, we find no a-bound for $$\alpha <0$$

α
<
0

case by considering (1 + 1)-dimensional analytical method. A direct numerical method is adopted to explore (2 + 1)-dimensional time evolution of a massive scalar perturbation with positive and negative $$\alpha $$
α
to obtain threshold curves numerically. We obtain threshold curves $$\alpha _{\textrm{th}}(a)$$

α
th

(
a
)

of tachyonic instability for positive $$\alpha $$
α
without any a-bounds. We expect to find the same threshold curves $$\alpha _{\textrm{th}}(a)$$

α
th

(
a
)

of tachyonic instability for negative $$\alpha $$
α
without any a-bound because its linearized scalar theory is invariant under the transformation of $$\alpha \rightarrow -\alpha $$

α
→
-
α

and $$\theta \rightarrow -\theta .$$

θ
→
-
θ
.

In addition, it is found that the scalar mass term suppresses tachyonic instability of KN black holes, while the black hole charge promotes the instability (disregarding the contribution of the charge to the existence conditions $$M^2-Q^2\ge a^2)$$

M
2

-

Q
2

≥

a
2

)

.
Dark matter production accompanied by gravitational wave signals during cosmological phase transitions
Authors: Xu Shuocheng , Zhou Ruiyu , Cheng Wei , Liu Xuewen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe investigate the temperature-dependent production of feebly interacting massive dark matter particle (FIMP DM) within a $$Z_2$$

Z
2

model, incorporating two $$Z_2$$

Z
2

-odd scalar fields. In specific parameter regions, three distinct mechanisms individually dominate the production of the FIMP DM. These mechanisms include the semi-production process, commonly known as the “exponential growth” process, the three-body decay process, and the production from pair annihilations of the bath particles. It is crucial to consider the thermal history during the evolution of FIMPs, as it involves multiple phase transitions occurring prior to the freeze-in of dark matter. Consequently, the scalar masses experience thermal variations, leading to distinctive evolutionary trajectories for FIMPs when compared to scenarios without accounting for the thermal effects. Notably, the unique patterns of FIMP evolution are accompanied by the production of gravitational waves, presenting promising opportunities for detection using forthcoming interferometers.
On the Thermodynamic Properties of FexSe0.5Te0.5 Superconducting Single Crystals: An Experimental Study
Authors: Hamad R. M. , Hamad M. Kh. , Kunwar S. , Ziq Kh. A. 
Published: July 2024

The variation of the thermodynamic critical fields (Hc) with temperature has been obtained from the equilibrium magnetization of FexSe0.5Te0.5 superconducting single-crystal with (0.95 ≤ × ≤ 1.1). Based on the BCS theory, we used the Hc values to obtain the variations in the energy gap Δ(T), the cooper pair coupling, the energy gap ratio 2Δ(0)/kBTc, and the specific heat jump

Δ
C

BCS

/

T

c

with varying Fe content. We found that the Cooper pairs coupling strength decreases with increasing Fe content within the range (∼3.1 to 2.6) for 1.0 ≤ × ≤ 1.1, which is consistent with the BCS-weak coupling limit for all samples. Moreover, the value of the energy gap is nearly constant at about 3.5 meV for all samples, while the Hc(0)/Tc ratio reaches a maximum near x ∼ 1.05. The obtained values of the energy gap, the coupling strength, and the specific heat ratio are consistent with recently published results using various experimental techniques.
Impacts of Moisture Advection Scheme on Precipitation in the Steep Topography Region between the Tibetan Plateau and the Sichuan Basin
Authors: Zheng Qing , Sun Wei , Li Jian , Feng Yong , Heng Zhiwei , Jiang Xingwen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Water vapor transport is a crucial process in modeling and can contribute to errors in precipitation forecasts. To investigate the sensitivity of precipitation to the moisture advection scheme, this study introduced the two-step shape-preserving advection scheme (TSPAS), which has been proven to improve precipitation simulation over steep topography at lower resolutions, into the Southwest Center Weather Research and Forecast (WRF)-based Intelligent Numerical Grid Forecast System (SWC-WINGS) at a convection-permitting resolution. According to experiments conducted throughout the summer of 2021, the precipitation over the eastern slope of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is highly sensitive to the moisture advection scheme. TSPAS successfully improved precipitation over the eastern slope of the TP, especially for torrential rainfall. The fractions skill score (FSS) is improved by 0.075 (27.78%) for daily precipitation with a threshold of 100 mm. Compared with the experiment with the original WRF advection scheme, the TSPAS reduced the overestimation of precipitation in the topographic region and excessive water vapor transport in a low-level atmosphere. To understand the precipitation improvement contributed by the advection scheme, additional experiments were conducted for a particular precipitation process from two approaches: switching advection schemes during the rainfall evolution and updating the variables related to moisture advection individually. Results demonstrate that the precipitation improvement is mainly contributed by the moisture advection scheme before the precipitation. Among the different variables, the combination of wind and water vapor was the most influential factor causing the precipitation improvement under the TSPAS.
Impact of Model Resolution and Initial/Boundary Conditions in Forecasting Low-Level Atmospheric Fields over the Incheon International Airport
Authors: Do Yujeong , Lim Kyo-Sun Sunny , Kim Ki-Byung , Shin Hyeyum Hailey , Chang Eun-Chul , Lee GyuWon 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the impact of initial conditions/boundary conditions (ICs/BCs) and horizontal resolutions on forecast for average weather conditions, focusing on low-level weather variables such as 2-m temperature (T2m), 2-m water vapor mixing ratio (Q2m), and 10-m wind speed (WS10). A Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model is used for regional mesoscale model simulations and large-eddy simulations (LESs). The 6-h-interval forecast fields generated by the Global Forecast System of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction and the Korean Integrated Model of the Korea Meteorological Administration are utilized as ICs/BCs for the regional models. Numerical experiments are performed for 24 h starting at 0000 UTC on each day in April 2021 when the average monthly wind speed was strongest during 10 years (2011–20). A comparison of model simulations with observations obtained around the Yeongjong Island, where Incheon International Airport is situated, shows that the regional models capture the time series of T2m, Q2m, and WS10 more effectively than the global model forecasts. Moreover, the LES experiments with a 100-m horizontal grid spacing simulate higher Q2m and lower WS10 during the daytime compared to the 1-km WRF. This results in a deterioration of their time-series correlation with the observations. Meanwhile, the 100-m LES forecasts time series of T2m over ocean stations and Q2m over land stations, as well as probability density functions of low-level weather variables, more accurately than that of the 1-km WRF. Our study also emphasizes the need for caution when comparing high-resolution model results with observation values at specific stations due to the high spatial variability in low-level meteorological fields.
Evaluation of a 4DVAR Assimilation System in the California Current at the SWOT Calibration/Validation Site
Authors: Tchonang Babette C. , Archer Matthew R. , Gopalakrishnan Ganesh , Cornuelle Bruce , Mazloff Matthew R. , Wang Jinbo , Fu Lee-Lueng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study evaluates the feasibility of applying the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) data assimilation (DA) framework to a submesoscale-resolving model [Massachusetts Institute of Technology General Circulation Model (MITgcm), at 1-km grid resolution]. This is in preparation for future studies to understand and assimilate the novel swath measurements of sea surface height from the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite mission. The model domain is centered at the SWOT calibration/validation (CalVal) site, located 300 km offshore of Monterey Bay, California. We assimilate vertical profiles of temperature and salinity from a linear array of three SWOT prelaunch CalVal moorings, between September and December 2019. Two model solutions are analyzed: 1) a nonassimilating forward simulation termed “first-guess” and 2) an optimized solution that assimilates the in situ observations. Both runs are nested within the global 1/12° Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model that uses Navy Coupled Ocean Data Assimilation (HYCOM/NCODA) analysis. We evaluate the performance by comparing the two model solutions against assimilated and withheld in situ observations. We show that by assimilating hydrographic data, the model performance over the first-guess solution is improved with an error-to-observation reduction of 30%–45% for temperature, 14%–41% for salinity, and 44%–56% for steric height. Over the study period, the average steric height error at the three assimilated moorings was 1.27 cm for the optimized solution versus 2.6 cm for the first-guess solution. A comparison to withheld glider observations shows that the optimized solution outperforms the first-guess solution with an error-to-observation reduction of approximately 38% in steric height (1.5 versus 2.4 cm). This study indicates, for the first time, that the MITgcm–ECCO framework can be successfully applied to the reconstruction of submesoscale ocean variability, via the nesting of a high-resolution regional domain into a global outer domain.
Validation of Cool-Season Snowfall Forecasts at a High-Elevation Site in Utah’s Little Cottonwood Canyon
Authors: Pletcher Michael D. , Veals Peter G. , Wessler Michael E. , Church David , Harnos Kirstin , Correia James , Chase Randy J. , Steenburgh W. James 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Producing a quantitative snowfall forecast (QSF) typically requires a model quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF) and snow-to-liquid ratio (SLR) estimate. QPF and SLR can vary significantly in space and time over complex terrain, necessitating fine-scale or point-specific forecasts of each component. Little Cottonwood Canyon (LCC) in Utah’s Wasatch Range frequently experiences high-impact winter storms and avalanche closures that result in substantial transportation and economic disruptions, making it an excellent testbed for evaluating snowfall forecasts. In this study, we validate QPFs, SLR forecasts, and QSFs produced by or derived from the Global Forecast System (GFS) and High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) using liquid precipitation equivalent (LPE) and snowfall observations collected during the 2019/20–2022/23 cool seasons at the Alta–Collins snow-study site (2945 m MSL) in upper LCC. The 12-h QPFs produced by the GFS and HRRR underpredict the total LPE during the four cool seasons by 33% and 29%, respectively, and underpredict 50th, 75th, and 90th percentile event frequencies. Current operational SLR methods exhibit mean absolute errors of 4.5–7.7. In contrast, a locally trained random forest algorithm reduces SLR mean absolute errors to 3.7. Despite the random forest producing more accurate SLR forecasts, QSFs derived from operational SLR methods produce higher critical success indices since they exhibit positive SLR biases that offset negative QPF biases. These results indicate an overall underprediction of LPE by operational models in upper LCC and illustrate the need to identify sources of QSF bias to enhance QSF performance.

Significance Statement
Winter storms in mountainous terrain can disrupt transportation and threaten life and property due to road snow and avalanche hazards. Snow-to-liquid ratio (SLR) is an important variable for snowfall and avalanche forecasts. Using high-quality historical snowfall observations and atmospheric analyses, we developed a machine learning technique for predicting SLR at a high mountain site in Utah’s Little Cottonwood Canyon that is prone to closure due to winter storms. This technique produces improved SLR forecasts for use by weather forecasters and snow-safety personnel. We also show that current operational models and SLR techniques underforecast liquid precipitation amounts and overforecast SLRs, respectively, which has implications for future model development.
Effects of temperature gradient on functional fruit traits: an elevation-for-temperature approach
Authors: Gómez-Devia Laura , Nevo Omer 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFruit traits mediate animal-plant interactions and have to a large degree evolved to match the sensory capacities and morphology of their respective dispersers. At the same time, fruit traits are affected by local environmental factors, which may affect frugivore-plant trait match. Temperature has been identified as a major factor with a strong effect on the development of fruits, which is of serious concern because of the rising threat of global warming. Nonetheless, this primarily originates from studies on domesticated cultivars in often controlled environments. Little is known on the effect of rising temperatures on fruit traits of wild species and the implications this could have to seed dispersal networks, including downstream consequences to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. In a case study of five plant species from eastern Madagascar, we addressed this using the elevation-for-temperature approach and examined whether a temperature gradient is systematically associated with variation in fruit traits relevant for animal foraging and fruit selection. We sampled across a gradient representing a temperature gradient of 1.5–2.6 °C, corresponding to IPCC projections. The results showed that in most cases there was no significant effect of temperature on the traits evaluated, although some species showed different effects, particularly fruit chemical profiles. This suggests that in these species warming within this range alone is not likely to drive substantial changes in dispersal networks. While no systemic effects were found, the results also indicate that the effect of temperature on fruit traits differs across species and may lead to mismatches in specific animal-plant interactions.
Peripheral perfusion index as a predictor of reintubation in critically ill surgical patients
Authors: Abougabal Ayman , Hasanin Ahmed , Abdel-Fatah Marwa , Mostafa Maha , Ismail Ahmed A. , Habib Sara 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
We aimed to evaluate the ability of the peripheral perfusion index (PPI) to predict reintubation of critically ill surgical patients.

Methods
This prospective observational study included mechanically ventilated adults who were extubated after a successful spontaneous breathing trial (SBT). The patients were followed up for the next 48 h for the need for reintubation. The heart rate, systolic blood pressure, respiratory rate, peripheral arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2), and PPI were measured before-, at the end of SBT, 1 and 2 h postextubation. The primary outcome was the ability of PPI 1 h postextubation to predict reintubation using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) analysis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify predictors for reintubation.

Results
Data from 62 patients were analysed. Reintubation occurred in 12/62 (19%) of the patients. Reintubated patients had higher heart rate and respiratory rate; and lower SpO2 and PPI than successfully weaned patients. The AUC (95%confidence interval) for the ability of PPI at 1 h postextubation to predict reintubation was 0.82 (0.71–0.91) with a negative predictive value of 97%, at a cutoff value of ≤ 2.5. Low PPI and high respiratory rate were the independent predictors for reintubation.

Conclusion
PPI early after extubation is a useful tool for prediction of reintubation. Low PPI is an independent risk factor for reintubation. A PPI > 2.5, one hour after extubation can confirm successful extubation.
The relationship between uric acid and bone mineral density in the intermediate stage of CKD 1–3
Authors: Yang Ruiling , Ding Ning , Qin Jiao , Peng Hongchun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Some studies have suggested that uric acid has antioxidant properties that can prevent bone loss, but the relationship between uric acid and bone mineral density is controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between UA and BMD in patients with CKD stage 1–3.

Methods
We extracted 13,047 participants from the NHANES database, including 7342 male subjects and 5705 female subjects. Weighted multiple linear regression analysis was used to investigate the correlation between UA and BMD in patients with CKD stages 1–3.

Results
In patients with CKD stage 1–3, UA was significantly correlated with BMD. In the male group, UA was positively associated with BMD (β, 7.94 [95%CI, 4.95, 10.94]). In the female group, there was a negative relationship between them (β, -5.33 [95%CI, -8.77, -1.89]). The relationship between UA and BMD in male group showed an inverted U-shaped curve, and UA was positively correlated before 6.1 mg/dl and negatively correlated after 6.1 mg/dl. The relationship was basically negative in the female group.

Conclusions
For the patients with CKD stage 1–3, the relationship between UA and BMD showed an inverted U-shaped curve in the males, while the relationship was largely negative in the females.
A safe and effective protocol for postdilution hemofiltration with regional citrate anticoagulation
Authors: Dimski Thomas , Brandenburger Timo , Vollmer Christian , Kindgen-Milles Detlef 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) is recommended during continuous renal replacement therapy. Compared to systemic anticoagulation, RCA provides a longer filter lifespan with the risk of metabolic alkalosis and impaired calcium homeostasis. Surprisingly, most RCA protocols are designed for continuous veno-venous hemodialysis or hemodiafiltration. Effective protocols for continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) are rare, although CVVH is a standard treatment for high-molecular-weight clearance. Therefore, we evaluated a new RCA protocol for postdilution CVVH.

Methods
This is a monocentric prospective interventional study to evaluate a new RCA protocol for postdilution CVVH. We recruited surgical patients with stage III acute kidney injury who needed renal replacement therapy. We recorded dialysis and RCA data and hemodynamic and laboratory parameters during treatment sessions of 72 h. The primary endpoint was filter patency at 72 h. The major safety parameters were metabolic alkalosis and severe hypocalcemia at any time.

Results
We included 38 patients who underwent 66 treatment sessions. The mean filter lifespan was 66 ± 12 h, and 44 of 66 (66%) filters were patent at 72 h. After censoring for non-CVVH-related cessation of treatment, 83% of all filters were patent at 72 h. The delivered dialysis dose was 28 ± 5 ml/kgBW/h. The serum levels of creatinine, urea and beta2-microglobulin decreased significantly from day 0 to day 3. Metabolic alkalosis occurred in one patient. An iCa++ below 1.0 mmol/L occurred in four patients. Citrate accumulation did not occur.

Conclusions
We describe a safe, effective, and easy-to-use RCA protocol for postdilution CVVH. This protocol provides a long and sustained filter lifespan without serious adverse effects. The risk of metabolic alkalosis and hypocalcemia is low. Using this protocol, a recommended dialysis dose can be safely administered with effective clearance of low- and middle-molecular-weight molecules.

Trial registration
The study was approved by the medical ethics committee of Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf (No. 2018-82KFogU). The trial was registered in the local study register of the university (No: 2018044660) on 07/04/2018 and was retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03969966) on 31/05/2019.