bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calibrating the WSA Model in EUHFORIA Based on Parker Solar Probe Observations
Authors: Samara E. , Arge C. N. , Pinto R. F. , Magdalenić J. , Wijsen N. , Stevens M. L. , Rodriguez L. , Poedts S. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We employ Parker Solar Probe (PSP) observations during the latest solar minimum period (years 2018–2021) to calibrate the version of the Wang–Sheeley–Arge (WSA) coronal model used in the European Heliospheric Forecasting Information Asset (EUHFORIA). WSA provides a set of boundary conditions at 0.1 au necessary to initiate the heliospheric part of EUHFORIA, namely, the domain extending beyond the solar Alfvénic point. To calibrate WSA, we observationally constrain four constants in the WSA semiempirical formula based on PSP observations. We show how the updated (after the calibration) WSA boundary conditions at 0.1 au are compared to PSP observations at similar distances, and we further propagate these conditions in the heliosphere according to EUHFORIA’s magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) approach. We assess the predictions at Earth based on the dynamic time-warping technique. Our findings suggest that, for the period of interest, the WSA configurations that resembled optimally the PSP observations close to the Sun were different from the ones needed to provide better predictions at Earth. One reason for this discrepancy can be attributed to the scarcity of fast solar wind velocities recorded by PSP. The calibration of the model was performed based on unexpectedly slow velocities that did not allow us to achieve generally and globally improved solar wind predictions compared to older studies. Other reasons can be attributed to missing physical processes from the heliospheric part of EUHFORIA but also the fact that the currently employed WSA relationship, as coupled to the heliospheric MHD domain, may need a global reformulation beyond that of just updating the four constant factors that were taken into account in this study.
Probing Thermal Electrons in Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows
Authors: Gao Hao-Xuan , Geng Jin-Jun , Sun Tian-Rui , Li Liang , Huang Yong-Feng , Wu Xue-Feng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Particle-in-cell simulations have unveiled that shock-accelerated electrons do not follow a pure power-law distribution, but have an additional low-energy “thermal” part, which owns a considerable portion of the total energy of the electrons. Investigating the effects of these thermal electrons on gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows may provide valuable insights into the particle acceleration mechanisms. We solve the continuity equation of electrons in energy space, from which multiwavelength afterglows are derived by incorporating processes including synchrotron radiation, synchrotron self-absorption, synchrotron self-Compton scattering, and γ–γ annihilation. First, there is an underlying positive correlation between the temporal and spectral indices due to the cooling of electrons. Moreover, thermal electrons result in simultaneous nonmonotonic variations of both the spectral and temporal indices at multiple wavelengths, which could be individually recorded by the 2.5 m Wide Field Survey Telescope and Vera Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST). The thermal electrons could also be diagnosed using afterglow spectra from synergistic observations in the optical (with LSST) and X-ray (with the Microchannel X-ray Telescope on board the Space Variable Objects Monitor) bands. Finally, we use Monte Carlo simulations to obtain the distribution of the peak flux ratio (R
X) between the soft and hard X-rays, and of the time delay (Δt) between the peak times of the soft X-ray and optical light curves. The thermal electrons significantly raise the upper limits of both R
X and Δt. Thus, the distribution of GRB afterglows with thermal electrons is more scattered in the R
X−Δt plane.
Stellar Spin-down in Post-mass-transfer Binary Systems
Authors: Sun 孙 Meng 萌 , Gossage Seth , Leiner Emily M. , Geller Aaron M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Motivated by measurements of the rotation speed of accretor stars in post-mass-transfer (post-MT) systems, we investigate how magnetic braking affects the spin-down of individual stars during binary evolution with the MESAbinary module. Unlike the conventional assumption of tidal synchronization coupled with magnetic braking in binaries, we first calculate whether tides are strong enough to synchronize the orbit. Subsequently, this influences the spin-down of stars and the orbital separation. In this study, we apply four magnetic braking prescriptions to reduce the spin angular momentum of the two stars throughout the entire binary evolution simulation. Our findings reveal that despite magnetic braking causing continuous spin-down of the accretor, when the donor begins to transfer material onto the accretor, the accretor can rapidly spin up to its critical rotation rate. After MT, magnetic braking becomes more important in affecting the angular momentum evolution of the stars. Post-MT accretor stars thus serve as a valuable test bed for observing how the magnetic braking prescriptions operate in spinning down stars from their critical rotation, including the saturation regimes of the magnetic braking. The rotation rate of the accretor star, combined with its mass, could provide age information since the cessation of MT. By comparing the models against observations, the magnetic braking prescription by Garraffo et al. is found to better align with the rotation data of post-MT accretors.
Laboratory Benchmark of n ≥ 4 Dielectronic Recombination Satellites of Fe xvii
Authors: Grell Gabriel J. , Leutenegger Maurice A. , Amaro Pedro , Crespo López-Urrutia José R. , Shah Chintan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We calculated cross sections for the dielectronic recombination (DR) satellite lines of Fe xvii and benchmarked our predictions with experimental cross sections of Fe xvii resonances that were monoenergetically excited in an electron-beam ion trap. We extend the benchmark to all resolved DR and direct electron-impact excitation (DE) channels in the experimental data set, specifically the n ≥ 4 DR resonances of Fe xvii, complementing earlier investigations of n = 3 channels. Our predictions for the DR and DE absolute cross sections for the higher n complexes disagree considerably with experimental results when using the same methods as in previous works. However, we achieve agreement within ∼10% of the experimental results by an approach whereby we doubly convolve the predicted cross sections with both the spread of the electron-beam energy and the photon energy resolution of our experiment. We then calculated rate coefficients from the experimental and theoretical cross sections, finding general agreement within 2σ with the rates found in the OPEN-ADAS atomic database.
Simplified Model of the Solar Magnetic Field
Authors: Kosakovskij Igor G. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper considers a structure consisting of two rings of magnetic dipoles symmetrical relative to the equatorial plane as a possible model for the source of the solar magnetic field. It shows that the magnetic field generated by this structure corresponds to Joy’s law and Hale’s polarity law. Approximate calculations show that the form and shape of the equatorial field of this structure are close to measured values, and the resulting distribution of sunspots is in agreement with Joy's law to Maunder’s butterfly diagram. Based on this structure, it is possible to explain the appearance of two peaks (Gnevyshev gap) in the distribution of sunspots at the maximum of solar activity. Calculating the polar field based on the principles of magnetic hysteresis shows a good coincidence of the calculated and measured values and makes it possible to predict the behavior of the polar field in the interval to the nearest minimum of solar activity. Analyzing dipole nutation makes it possible to predict the intensity of the upcoming solar activity maxima, while a nutation period of approximately 8 months can be associated with 1.3 yr-period field oscillations. Despite the fact that the emergence and the functioning of the proposed configuration of magnetic dipoles is considered in a simplified manner and only from the point of view of gyromagnetic and thermal forces for speed and clarity, this does not limit the use of the proposed structure as a potential model in other, more global-scale general hydromagnetic theories of solar magnetism.
Shoulder of Dust Rings Formed by Planet–Disk Interactions
Authors: Bi 毕 Jiaqing 嘉擎 , Lin 林 Min-Kai 明楷 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Recent analyses of millimeter-wavelength protoplanetary disk observations have revealed several emission excesses on the previously identified dust rings, referred to as dust shoulders. The prevalence of dust shoulders suggests that they trace a common but unclear mechanism. In this work, we combine 3D, multifluid hydrodynamic simulations with radiative transfer calculations to explain the formation of dust shoulders. We find that the ring-shoulder pairs can result from the 3D planet–disk interactions with massive, gap-opening planets. The key driver is the dust filtration effect at the local pressure maximum due to planet-driven outward gas flows. Our work provides a possible explanation for the outer dust shoulders in recent super-resolution analyses of Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations. It also provides insights into the formation of the inner dust shoulder in the PDS 70 disk and highlights the role of 3D effects in planet–disk interaction studies.
Cosmic Reionization in the JWST Era: Back to AGNs?
Authors: Madau Piero , Giallongo Emanuele , Grazian Andrea , Haardt Francesco 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Deep surveys with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have revealed an emergent population of moderate-luminosity, broad-line active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at 4 ≲ z ≲ 13 powered by accretion onto early massive black holes. The high number densities reported, together with the large Lyman-continuum (LyC) production efficiency and leakiness into the intergalactic medium that are typical of UV-selected AGNs, lead us to reassess a scenario where AGNs are the sole drivers of the cosmic hydrogen/helium reionization process. Our approach is based on the assumptions, grounded in recent observations, that (a) the fraction of broad-line AGNs among galaxies is around 10%–15%; (b) the mean escape fraction of hydrogen LyC radiation is high, at ≳80%, in AGN hosts and is negligible otherwise; and (c) internal absorption at 4 ryd or a steep ionizing EUV spectrum delay full reionization of He ii until z ≃ 2.8–3.0, in agreement with observations of the He ii Lyα forest. In our fiducial models, (1) hydrogen reionization is 99% completed by redshift z ≃ 5.3–5.5 and reaches its midpoint at z ≃ 6.5–6.7; (2) the integrated Thomson scattering optical depth to reionization is ≃0.05, consistent with constraints from cosmic microwave background anisotropy data; and (3) the abundant AGN population detected by JWST does not violate constraints on the unresolved X-ray background.
Investigating Optical Variability of the Blazar S5 0716+714 on Diverse Timescales
Authors: Ege Ergün , Özdönmez Aykut , Agarwal Aditi , Ak Tansel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We present the results of the observational study of the blazar S5 0716+716 in the optical bands B, V, R, and I between 2019 March and 2023 August to investigate its variability on diverse timescales. The blazar was followed up by the T60 robotic telescope in Türkiye for 416 nights to obtain long-term variability during this period. In order to search for the intraday variability of the object, we have carried out 21 nights of observations with the T100 telescope for at least 1 hr. The blazar showed a ∼2.47 mag variation in the optical R band during our monitoring period, the brightest state on 2020 January 18 (MJD 58866) as R = 12.109 ± 0.011 mag and the faintest state on 2019 March 23 (MJD 58565) as R = 14.580 ± 0.013 mag. We employed the nested ANOVA test and the power-enhanced F-test to quantify intraday variability, which showed that the blazar was significantly variable in the R band on 12 out of 21 nights. Correlation analysis of the light curves shows that the emission in the BVRI optical bands was strongly correlated both in the short and long term without any time lag. The blazar has likely quasiperiods of 186 ± 30 and 532 ± 76 days in the optical R-band light curve according to the weighted wavelet Z-transform and Lomb–Scargle periodogram. The intraday variation and long-term variation features are discussed within the frame of prospective scenarios.
The first report of Bathynellacea in the subterranean water of Mongolia: A new species of Altainella Camacho, 2020 (Crustacea, Bathynellidae)
Authors: Ji Su-Jung , Camacho Ana Isabel , Lee Chi-Woo , Min Gi-Sik 
Published: August 2024

We report the first finding of Bathynellacea, discovered in Mongolia. We also report a new species of the genus Altainella Camacho, 2020, which was previously recorded only in the western edge of Russia.
Altainella mongoliensis sp. nov. was found in the interstitial hyporheic region of the Onon River Basin, Mongolia, by inserting a core approximately 1.2 m deep and extracting the underground interstitial water. The new species exhibited sexual dimorphism in thoracopod VII, uniquely observed within the genus Altainella. We provide a morphological description and remarks on the new species with molecular information based on the 18S rDNA and partial CO1 gene sequences. We emphasise the need for continued research on the subterranean biodiversity in previously neglected regions by reporting the first discovery of macro-stygobionts in Mongolia.
EVIDENCIAÇÃO DE GASTOS AMBIENTAIS: ANÁLISE DAS FIRMAS QUE INTEGRAM E NÃO INTEGRAM A CARTEIRA DO ÍNDICE DE SUSTENTABILIDADE EMPRESARIAL (ISE)
Authors: Da Silva Ferreira Douglas , Santos José Glauber Cavalcante dos , Santos Gomes Gordiano Carlos Adriano , Mendes De Luca Márcia Martins 
Published: August 2024

A pesquisa objetiva analisar comparativamente a evidenciação de gastos ambientais entre as firmas que integram e as que não integram a carteira do Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial (ISE) da bolsa de valores brasileira, Brasil Bolsa Balcão (B3). Foram examinadas, por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo, as notas explicativas de 181 empresas participantes da seleção para compor a carteira 2018/2019 do índice. Os resultados indicam que menos da metade dos relatórios continha informações sobre gastos ambientais, indicando uma baixa evidenciação. Ao seu tempo, observou-se que o grupo das empresas integrantes do ISE tendem a evidenciar mais gastos ambientais do que aquelas não integrantes. Prevaleceu a divulgação monetária desses gastos, porém, nesses casos, os dispêndios têm pouca representatividade sobre a receita líquida e ativos totais. Foram identificados 14 classes de gastos ambientais, sendo mais frequentes provisões e processos ambientais, gastos relacionados a riscos e recuperação ambiental. Esses tipos de gastos relacionam-se à categoria de recuperação ambiental, em detrimento dos grupos de preservação e controle ambiental. Percebeu-se também que as despesas são mais frequentes que os investimentos e os custos ambientais. Os resultados podem sinalizar a adoção de estratégias ambientais do tipo reativas compensatórias pelas empresas, o que pode refletir na elevação do risco ambiental do negócio. Ressalta-se que os gastos ambientais em relação à receita são similares nos dois grupos estudados.
The Effect of Normal Follicular Fluid on the Differentiation of PCOS Ovarian Stem Cells into Oocyte-Like Cells
Authors: Taheri Moghadam Mahin , Nazayer Hanan , Azandeh Saeed , Eftekhari Moghadam Ali R. , Nikbakht Roshan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the causes of infertility for which treatment methods do not have a high rate of pregnancy. In this study, the stem cells in the follicular fluid (FF) of patients were grown in the normal FF, and their differentiation into oocytes was evaluated.

Materials and Methods:
The FF of PCOS patients was centrifuged, and their cells were cultured with and without 20% normal FF for 2 weeks. The cells were evaluated for their morphology by inverted microscope and for markers of stem cells (NANOG and OCT4) and oocytes (zona pellucida (ZP) 2 and ZP3) by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry. The amount of steroids was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results:
The cells were all round on day 0. After that, they had a heterogeneous morphology (fibroblast-like cells, epithelial-like cells, and round oocyte-like cells). In the first week, NANOG and OCT4 genes in the study group were less expressed than those in the control group (P < 0.0001) (~0.5-fold), while ZP2 and Z3 genes were more expressed (P < 0.0001) (~2-fold). In the second week, stem cell genes were more expressed in the control group (~2 fold), and oocyte genes were more expressed in the study group (P < 0.0001) (~2.5–3.11 fold). These results were also confirmed by immunocytochemistry. The amount of steroids was much higher in the study group (three times and five times in two weeks) (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions:
Stem cells can be obtained from the FF of PCOS, and normal FF has a positive effect on the growth and maturation of oocyte-like cells in vitro.
A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study of Morbidity and Mortality of COVID-19 Disease in four Cities of Northern Khorasan Province using Ratio of Coefficient of Variation
Authors: Bahrampour Abbas , Mahmoudi MohammadReza , Shoraka HamidReza , Avazzadeh Zeynab Alsadat 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
In December 2019, the spread of a new infectious disease was reported in Wuhan, caused by a new coronavirus named COVID-19 by the World Health Organization. This study aims to compare the dispersion of COVID-19 disease among four Iranian cities in North Khorasan named Bojnord, Farooj, Jajarm, and Shirvan.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study includes information about the daily morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 in 1124 patients from March to May 2021. The analysis of variance method, Scheffe post hoc technique and Leven’s test are used to compare the means and the variances of daily morbidity and mortality of these cities. Finally, the coefficients of variation (CVs) of the morbidity and mortality are compared.

Results:
The means of daily morbidity in Bojnord, Farooj, Jajarm, and Shirvan cities are 6.387, 0.946, 1.150, and 2.193, respectively. Furthermore, the means of daily mortality in Bajnourd, Farooj, Jajarm, and Shirvan are 0.763, 0.193, 0.161, and 0.290, respectively. The means and the variances of both daily mortality and morbidity are significantly different in all four cities (P < 0.05). Furthermore, CVs of daily morbidity in the cities of Bojnord, Farooj, Jajarm, and Shirvan are 0.665, 1.026, 1.032, and 0.787, respectively. The CVs of daily mortality in these cities are 1.196, 2.052, 2.468, and 1.728, respectively. The CVs of both daily mortality and morbidity are significantly different in all four cities (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The ratio of CVs is a good option for comparing the spread of COVID-19 in different regions with different means and variances.
Non-motor symptoms in primary hemifacial spasm: A case-control study
Authors: Anudeep D. D. S. , Karthik K. , Holla Vikram V. , Kamble Nitish , Yadav Ravi , Pal Pramod K. , Mahale Rohan R. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
Primary hemifacial spasm (HFS) is caused by neurovascular conflict (NVC) at the root entry zone of the facial nerve. The literature on non-motor symptoms (NMS) in HFS is limited.

OBJECTIVE:
Study aimed to assess NMS in patients with primary HFS.

METHODS:
A cross-sectional, hospital-based, case-control study recruited 50 patients with primary HFS and 50 age- and sex-matched controls. Depression, anxiety, sleep quality, and fatigue were assessed using Beck’s depression inventory (BDI), Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HAM-A), Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), and fatigue assessment scale (FAS), respectively.

RESULTS:
A total of 30 female patients and 28 female controls were included in the study. The mean age of patients was 50.7 ± 10.7 years and that of controls was 52.4 ± 8.7 years. Seventeen patients (34%) and five controls (10%) had depression. The mean BDI score was significantly higher in patients (8.2 ± 5.6 vs. 4.0 ± 3.8; p = 0.01). Anxiety occurred in 40 patients (80%) and 4 controls (8%) (p = 0.01). The mean HAM-A score was significantly higher in patients (14.1 ± 7.0 vs. 4.8 ± 3.9; p = 0.02). The frequency of poor sleepers was significantly higher in patients (26% vs. 4%; p = 0.01); however, there was no significant difference in the mean PSQI scores (3.7 ± 4.2 vs. 1.3 ± 1.7; p = 0.08). The mean FAS score did not differ significantly between the groups (16.3 ± 3.3 vs. 14.1 ± 3.2; p = 0.24), and the fatigue frequency was similar in both groups.

CONCLUSION:
Primary HFS is associated with depression, anxiety, and poor sleep. This finding emphasizes the necessity for a psychiatric evaluation of depression and anxiety in patients with primary HFS.
An Innovative Combination of Natural Therapies for the Treatment of Female Orgasmic Disorder
Authors: Si Weichen 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
This case report presents an innovative approach to treating female orgasmic disorder (FOD) in a 28-year-old Asian-Australian female. The patient, undergoing significant academic stress and exhibiting no prior medical or psychological conditions, presented with a 2-year history of inability to achieve orgasm despite normal sexual desire and arousal. Following a comprehensive clinical evaluation, including a physical examination and psychiatric assessment, she was diagnosed with FOD, primarily of a situational type. The treatment implemented was a unique blend of natural therapies: aromatherapy, tantric yoga, mindfulness-based therapies, Yoni massage, and cognitive-behavioral therapy. This integrative approach was conducted over 17 weeks, with each treatment of 2 weeks being followed by a 1-week break to prevent tolerance. The patient initially hesitated but consented to this bold treatment regimen. Remarkable progress was observed, with the patient achieving a strong sexual climax by the 7th week and consistent improvement thereafter. As the conclusion of the treatment and a year of follow-up, the patient reported sustained relief from her symptoms. This case illustrates the potential of combining various natural therapies in treating FOD, emphasizing the importance of patient consent and the efficacy of a holistic, intermittent treatment approach.