bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A short note on how tied fights affect cortisol levels
Authors: COOPER Edwin L. , NGO Kathy T. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPrevious work exploring the interrelationships between sex steroids (e.g. androgens, testosterones and 11‐ketotestosterones) and social behavior in teleosts suggest that mirror‐elicited aggression in cichlid fish may not trigger a hormonal response. Using the Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) to analyze immune responses as a result of social stress, we measured levels of cortisol and melatonin using Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) assays. In this work, we demonstrated that cortisol concentrations are significantly lower yet the levels of melatonin remain unchanged in tilapia that are fighting their mirror image. Our results suggested that in tied fights, certain hormone levels remain unchanged (e.g. androgens) due to the lack of melatonin induction.
A metabolic signature predicts biological age in mice
Authors: Tomás‐Loba Antonia , Bernardes de Jesus Bruno , Mato Jose M. , Blasco Maria A. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryOur understanding of the mechanisms by which aging is produced is still very limited. Here, we have determined the sera metabolite profile of 117 wild‐type mice of different genetic backgrounds ranging from 8 to 129 weeks of age. This has allowed us to define a robust metabolomic signature and a derived metabolomic score that reliably/accurately predicts the age of wild‐type mice. In the case of telomerase‐deficient mice, which have a shortened lifespan, their metabolomic score predicts older ages than expected. Conversely, in the case of mice that overexpress telomerase, their metabolic score corresponded to younger ages than expected. Importantly, telomerase reactivation late in life by using a TERT‐based gene therapy recently described by us significantly reverted the metabolic profile of old mice to that of younger mice, further confirming an anti‐aging role for telomerase. Thus, the metabolomic signature associated with natural mouse aging accurately predicts aging produced by telomere shortening, suggesting that natural mouse aging is in part produced by presence of short telomeres. These results indicate that the metabolomic signature is associated with the biological age rather than with the chronological age. This constitutes one of the first aging‐associated metabolomic signatures in a mammalian organism.
Species richness increases the resilience of wetland plant communities in a tropical floodplain
Authors: CARVALHO PRISCILLA , THOMAZ SIDINEI MAGELA , KOBAYASHI JOSILAINE TAECO , BINI LUIS MAURICIO 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn the last two decades, the relationship between diversity and stability/ecosystem functioning has been widely discussed and has become a central issue in ecology. Here, we assessed the relationship between wetland plant diversity and community resilience after a disturbance. Our study area was located in theUpperParanáRiver floodplain (Brazil). An experiment was carried outin situ(18 1 m × 1 m plots with richness varying from 1 to 18 species). In each plot, we recorded the number of species, total per cent vegetation cover and per cent age cover of each species. The above‐ground biomass of wetland plants was removed, simulating a disturbance by animal trampling or an extreme flood. The recovery of vegetation was monitored over 3 months. According to a linear regression, the recovery of wetland plants was positively correlated with diversity. Comparisons with plots containing monocultures of one of the dominant species (Polygonum stelligerum) suggested that this species did not overyield in mixed cultures. Thus, our experiments indicate that the higher resilience in richer plots after a disturbance is mainly due to the fact that species have different resource use requirements (complementarity effect) and not due to the presence of a single, more productive species. Our experiment carried out in a more real condition (in situ) showed that biodiversity is important to wetland functioning and stability, paralleling the results obtained in laboratory and mesocosms experiments. These results also suggest that the loss of plant diversity in our study area could compromise community recovery following strong disturbances.
Atopic dermatitis 2.0: from the clinical phenotype to the molecular taxonomy and stratified medicine
Authors: Bieber Th. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a paradigmatic inflammatory chronic skin disease. As for other chronic skin diseases, (i) the spectrum of the clinical phenotype and severity as well as (ii) the genetic background and (iii) the underlying mechanisms strongly suggest a high degree of pathophysiological heterogeneity yet leading to a similar clinical pattern, that is, the eczematous skin lesion, but showing distinct progression patterns. This review suggests to exploit the recent knowledge about AD for a novel approach proposing a tentative first molecular taxonomy of this disease based on the genotype and endophenotype. The consequences in terms of personalized prevention and management are delineated.
Incidence, clinical characteristics and outcome in Norwegian children with periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and cervical adenitis syndrome; a population‐based study
Authors: Førsvoll Jostein , Kristoffersen Einar Klæboe , Øymar Knut 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAimTo describe the incidence, epidemiology, clinical presentation and clinical outcome of children with the syndrome of periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and cervical adenitis (PFAPA) in a population‐based study.MethodsIn a prospective population‐based study, all children in South Rogaland, Norway, diagnosed with PFAPA during 2004–2010 were evaluated clinically, and parents were interviewed systematically. A follow‐up interview was performed for all patients.ResultsA total of 46 children (32 boys; p = 0.011) were diagnosed with PFAPA. We calculated an incidence of 2.3 per 10 000 children up to 5 years of age. The median age of onset was 11.0 months (quartiles: 5.0, 14.8). Nearly 37 children were followed until resolution. In 17 of these, a tonsillectomy was performed with prompt resolution of PFAPA in all. The median age of spontaneous resolution was 60.2 months (range 24–120) and in children with tonsillectomy 50.9 months (range 15–128).ConclusionThe incidence of PFAPA was 2.3 per 10 000 children up to 5 years of age. In the majority of cases, onset of symptoms may be during the first year of life.
A descriptive study of older bipolar disorder residents living in New York City’s adult congregate facilities
Authors: Sheeran Thomas , Greenberg Rebecca L , Davan Laura A , Dealy Jennifer A , Young Robert C , Bruce Martha L 
Published: October 2012

Sheeran T, Greenberg RL, Davan LA, Dealy JA, Young RC, Bruce ML. A descriptive study of older bipolar disorder residents living in New York City’s adult congregate facilities.  Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 756–763. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  Much of the research on geriatric bipolar disorder is from outpatient populations or epidemiological surveys with small samples. In contrast, in this study a descriptive analysis was conducted of geriatric and younger adult residents with bipolar disorder or mania in non‐clinical adult congregate facilities (ACFs) in the greater New York City region.Methods:  A total of 2602 ACF residents were evaluated in 19 facilities, across multiple demographic and health domains. Within this sample, 200 residents had chart diagnoses of bipolar disorder or mania. Among these, 50 geriatric residents (age ≥ 60) were compared to 50 younger adult residents (age < 50) on a number of demographic and health measures.Results:  Based on chart diagnoses, the overall prevalence of bipolar disorder was 7.8%. Compared to other studies of outpatient, epidemiological, and census samples, both older and younger residents with bipolar disorder had higher rates of cognitive impairment, impairment in executive functioning, vision impairment, and proportion of residents who had never been married. The younger group also had higher rates of obesity and the elderly group had a greater proportion of residents without high‐school education. Both age groups had rates of lithium or valproate use comparable to those found in outpatient studies. Comparing the two age groups, the elderly sample had lower overall cognitive and executive functioning, and was using a larger number of medication classes than the younger group. The elderly group also had a larger proportion of residents who were separated/divorced or widowed compared to the younger group, which had higher rates of never‐married residents.Conclusions:  Overall, both age groups had relatively high rates of bipolar disorder, with significant cognitive impairment, medical burden, obesity, mental health service use, and lower education levels, as compared to outpatient, epidemiological, and census samples. Of note was the significant cognitive impairment across age groups.
Lamotrigine as add‐on treatment to lithium and divalproex: lessons learned from a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial in rapid‐cycling bipolar disorder
Authors: Kemp David E , Gao Keming , Fein Elizabeth B , Chan Philip K , Conroy Carla , Obral Sarah , Ganocy Stephen J , Calabrese Joseph R 
Published: October 2012

Kemp DE, Gao K, Fein EB, Chan PK, Conroy C, Obral S, Ganocy SJ, Calabrese JR. Lamotrigine as add‐on treatment to lithium and divalproex: lessons learned from a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial in rapid‐cycling bipolar disorder.  Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 780–789. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  A substantial portion of the morbidity associated with rapid‐cycling bipolar disorder (RCBD) stems from refractory depression. This study assessed the antidepressant effects of lamotrigine as compared with placebo when used as add‐on therapy for rapid‐cycling bipolar depression non‐responsive to the combination of lithium plus divalproex.Methods:  During Phase 1 of this trial, hypomanic, manic, mixed, and/or depressed outpatients (n = 133) aged 18–65 years with DSM–IV RCBD type I or II were initially treated with the open combination of lithium and divalproex for up to 16 weeks. During Phase 2, subjects who did not meet the criteria for stabilization (n = 49) (i.e., remained in or cycled into the depressed phase) were randomly assigned to double‐blind, adjunctive lamotrigine (n = 23) or adjunctive placebo (n = 26). The primary endpoint was the mean change in depression symptom severity from the beginning of Phase 2 to the end of Phase 2 (week 12) on the Montgomery‐Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score. Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance with last observation carried forward and a mixed‐models analysis.Results:  During Phase 1, a high rate of study discontinuations occurred due to intolerable side effects (13/133; 10%) and study non‐adherence (22/133; 17%). Only 14% (19/133) stabilized on the open combination of lithium and divalproex. Among the 49 (37%) patients randomized to the double‐blind adjunctive treatment phase, mean ± standard error change from baseline on the MADRS total score was −8.5 ± 1.7 points for lamotrigine and −9.1 ± 1.5 points for placebo (p = not significant; mixed‐models analysis). No significant differences were observed in the rates of response, remission, or bimodal response between lamotrigine and placebo.Conclusions:  The poor tolerability, lack of efficacy, and high rate of early discontinuation with the combination of lithium and divalproex suggests this regimen was ineffective for the majority of patients with RCBD. Among patients who did not stabilize on lithium and divalproex, the addition of lamotrigine was no more effective than placebo in reducing depression severity. The findings suggest an opportunity for several design modifications to enhance signal detection in future trials of RCBD. The main limitation is the small number of subjects randomized to double‐blind treatment.
Extracellular matrix rigidity controls podosome induction in microvascular endothelial cells
Authors: Juin Amélie , Planus Emmanuelle , Guillemot Fabien , Horakova Petra , Albiges‐Rizo Corinne , Génot Elisabeth , Rosenbaum Jean , Moreau Violaine , Saltel Frédéric 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackground informationPodosomes are actin‐based structures involved in cell adhesion, migration, invasion and extracellular matrix degradation. They have been described in large vessel endothelial cells, but nothing is known concerning microvascular endothelial cells. Here, we focussed on liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), fenestrated microvascular cells that play major roles in liver physiology. Liver fibrosis induces a dedifferentiation of LSECs leading notably to a loss of fenestrae. Because liver fibrosis is associated with increased matrix stiffness, and because substrate stiffness is known to regulate the actin cytoskeleton, we investigated the impact of matrix rigidity on podosome structures in LSECs.ResultsUsing primary LSECs, we demonstrated that microvascular endothelial cells are able to form constitutive podosomes. Podosome presence in LSECs was independent of cytokines such as transforming growth factor‐β or vascular endothelial growth factor, but could be modulated by matrix stiffness. As expected, LSECs lost their differentiated phenotype during cell culture, which was paralleled by a loss of podosomes. LSECs however retained the capacity to form active podosomes following detachment/reseeding or actin‐destabilising drug treatments. Finally, constitutive podosomes were also found in primary microvascular endothelial cells from other organs.ConclusionsOur results show that microvascular endothelial cells are able to form podosomes without specific stimulation. Our data suggest that the major determinant of podosome induction in these cells is substrate rigidity.
Demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors affecting patterns of tooth decay in the permanent dentition: principal components and factor analyses
Authors: Shaffer John R. , Polk Deborah E. , Feingold Eleanor , Wang Xiaojing , Cuenco Karen T. , Weeks Daniel E. , DeSensi Rebecca S. , Weyant Robert J. , Crout Richard , McNeil Daniel W. , Marazita Mary L. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectivesDental caries of the permanent dentition is a multifactorial disease resulting from the complex interplay of endogenous and environmental risk factors. The disease is not easily quantitated due to the innumerable possible combinations of carious lesions across individual tooth surfaces of the permanent dentition. Global measures of decay, such as the DMFS index (which was developed for surveillance applications), may not be optimal for studying the epidemiology of dental caries because they ignore the distinct patterns of decay across the dentition. We hypothesize that specific risk factors may manifest their effects on specific tooth surfaces leading to patterns of decay that can be identified and studied. In this study, we utilized two statistical methods of extracting patterns of decay from surface‐level caries data to create novel phenotypes with which to study the risk factors affecting dental caries.MethodsIntra‐oral dental examinations were performed on 1068 participants aged 18–75 years to assess dental caries. The 128 tooth surfaces of the permanent dentition were scored as carious or not and used as input for principal components analysis (PCA) and factor analysis (FA), two methods of identifying underlying patterns without a priori knowledge of the patterns. Demographic (age, sex, birth year, race/ethnicity, and educational attainment), anthropometric (height, body mass index, waist circumference), endogenous (saliva flow), and environmental (tooth brushing frequency, home water source, and home water fluoride) risk factors were tested for association with the caries patterns identified by PCA and FA, as well as DMFS, for comparison. The ten strongest patterns (i.e. those that explain the most variation in the data set) extracted by PCA and FA were considered.ResultsThe three strongest patterns identified by PCA reflected (i) global extent of decay (i.e. comparable to DMFS index), (ii) pit and fissure surface caries and (iii) smooth surface caries, respectively. The two strongest patterns identified by FA corresponded to (i) pit and fissure surface caries and (ii) maxillary incisor caries. Age and birth year were significantly associated with several patterns of decay, including global decay/DMFS index. Sex, race, educational attainment, and tooth brushing were each associated with specific patterns of decay, but not with global decay/DMFS index.ConclusionsTaken together, these results support the notion that caries experience is separable into patterns attributable to distinct risk factors. This study demonstrates the utility of such novel caries patterns as new outcomes for exploring the complex, multifactorial nature of dental caries.
Immunotherapeutic effects of recombinant adenovirus encoding granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor in experimental pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Francisco-Cruz A , Mata-Espinosa D , Estrada-Parra S , Xing Z , Hernández-Pando R 
Published: October 2012

Summary
BALB/c mice with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) develop a T helper cell type 1 that temporarily controls bacterial growth. Bacterial proliferation increases, accompanied by decreasing expression of interferon (IFN)-γ, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Activation of dendritic cells (DCs) is delayed. Intratracheal administration of only one dose of recombinant adenoviruses encoding granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (AdGM-CSF) 1 day before Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection produced a significant decrease of pulmonary bacterial loads, higher activated DCs and increased expression of TNF-α, IFN-γ and iNOS. When AdGM-CSF was given in female mice B6D2F1 (C57BL/6J X DBA/2J) infected with a low Mtb dose to induce chronic infection similar to latent infection and corticosterone was used to induce reactivation, a very low bacilli burden in lungs was detected, and the same effect was observed in healthy mice co-housed with mice infected with mild and highly virulent bacteria in a model of transmissibility. Thus, GM-CSF is a significant cytokine in the immune protection against Mtb and gene therapy with AdGM-CSF increased protective immunity when administered in a single dose 1 day before Mtb infection in a model of progressive disease, and when used to prevent reactivation of latent infection or transmission.
Effect of interleukin-6 receptor blockade on the balance between regulatory T cells and T helper type 17 cells in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Pesce B , Soto L , Sabugo F , Wurmann P , Cuchacovich M , López M N , Sotelo P H , Molina M C , Aguillón J C , Catalán D 
Published: October 2012

Summary
A new paradigm has emerged relating the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), focused on the balance between T helper type 17 cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs). In humans, both subpopulations depend on transforming growth factor (TGF)-β for their induction, but in the presence of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6, the generation of Th17 is favoured. Tocilizumab is a therapeutic antibody targeting the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R), which has demonstrated encouraging results in RA. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of tocilizumab on Th1 cells, Th17 cells, IL-17 and interferon (IFN)-γ double secretors Th17/Th1 cells, and Tregs in RA patients. Eight RA patients received tocilizumab monthly for 24 weeks and blood samples were obtained every 8 weeks to study T cell populations by flow cytometry. The frequency of Th17 cells, Th1 cells and Th17/Th1 cells was evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) activated in vitro with a polyclonal stimulus. Tregs were identified by their expression of forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3) and CD25 by direct staining of PBMCs. Although no changes were detected in the frequency of Th1 or Th17 cells, the percentages of peripheral Tregs increased after therapy. In addition, the infrequent Th17/Th1 subpopulation showed a significant increment in tocilizumab-treated patients. In conclusion, tocilizumab was able to skew the balance between Th17 cells and Tregs towards a more protective status, which may contribute to the clinical improvement observed in RA patients.
Bone tissue microarchitectural characteristics at dental implant sites part 2: correlation with bone classification and primary stability
Authors: Ribeiro‐Rotta Rejane Faria , de Oliveira Rubelisa Cândido Gomes , Dias Danilo Rocha , Lindh Christina , Leles Cláudio Rodrigues 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate in vivo the correlation between the bone microarchitecture of implant bone sites, bone tissue classification subjectively assessed in radiographs and primary implant stability.Material and methodsPeriapical and panoramic radiographs were obtained from 32 partially edentulous patients. Three surgeons classified bone quality at implant sites using two different methods: assessments in periapical and panoramic radiographs (PP) and according to the classification proposed by Lekholm and Zarb (L&Z). During the implant insertion, bone biopsies were taken, and three‐dimensional parameters were measured by microcomputed tomography (microCT). Insertion torque value (ITV) and initial implant stability quotient (ISQ) were recorded at the moment of the implantation. ISQ was also recorded at the uncovering stage of a traditional implant protocol.ResultsBone types 2 and 3 were the most prevalent classifications according to PP (54.3%) and L&Z (58.7%). The mean and standard deviation values of primary stability variables were 38.7(16.7) for ITV, 75.3 (7.7) for initial ISQ and 79.3 (6.8) for uncovering ISQ. Several microCT original and factor variables were found to correlate with bone tissue classifications and primary stability variables. L&Z correlated with architecture (r = 0.31; P < 0.05), density (r = −0.43; P < 0.01) and bulk (r = −0.35; P < 0.05), whereas ITV correlated with architecture (r = −0.40; P < 0.01) and density (r = 0.51; P < 0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that density and bulk explained 32% of the variability of L&Z bone classification, while density and architecture explained 42% of the variability of ITV.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the first step in validating L&Z classification. MicroCT provides objective and detailed quantitative data on bone microarchitecture. Intraosseous implant stability is mainly determined by the density of the bone. ITVs could be a good indicator of primary implant stability, whereas ISQs measurements have some limitations and should not be used alone.