bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systemanalyse neugotischer Gewölbe
Authors: Piehler Jens , Hansen Michael , Kapphahn Gerd 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAb Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts bis zum Beginn des Ersten Weltkrieges wurden zahlreiche Bauwerke im neugotischen Stil ausgeführt. In der Neugotik wurden die gotischen Bauelemente mit den in der Gründerzeit geforderten Materialeinsparungen gebaut. Diese leichten und sehr dünnwandigen Gewölbe sind oftmals relativ anfällige Tragsysteme. Sie weisen systemimmanente Schadensbilder in Form signifikanter Rissbildungen in den Kappen und Bögen auf. In dem Forschungsprojekt Sicherung neugotischer Gewölbekonstruktionen werden die typischen Schadensbilder neugotischer Gewölbe mit dem Ziel analysiert, möglichst nachhaltige Sanierungsmaßnahmen zu finden. In diesem Rahmen wurden seit 2011 an einem ausgewählten Referenzbauwerk numerische und experimentelle Untersuchungen durchgeführt.Das dafür erstellte Geometriemodell der Finite‐Elemente‐Simulation basiert auf den Messdaten eines 3D‐Laserscans, in dem alle Imperfektionen der Konstruktion enthalten sind. Für die Kalibrierung dieses numerischen Modells wurde das Systemverhalten im unkritischen Lastbereich mit einem Belastungsversuch experimentell untersucht. In diesem Beitrag werden der Projektrahmen sowie die Durchführung und Auswertung des Belastungsversuchs dargestellt. In weiteren Beiträgen werden die Übertragung geodätischer Messdaten in das numerische Modell und die Berücksichtigung der mit dem Belastungsversuch erzielten Ergebnisse innerhalb einer Simulation behandelt.System analysis of Neo‐Gothic vaults – Part 1: Preliminary investigations and experimental validationFrom the middle of the 19th century until the beginning of World War I, many buildings were built in the Neo‐Gothic style. In this period, Gothic elements were built regarding the former needs to save material. These lightweight and thin vaults are often relatively fragile support systems. They tend to show systemic damages in the form of significant crack patterns in the vault caps and arches. In the research project Preservation of Neo‐Gothic vault structures, typical damages of Neo‐Gothic vaulted structures are analyzed with the objective to find sustainable and rehabilitative measures. In this context, since 2011, numerical and experimental studies have been carried out on a reference structure. Measured values of a 3D laser scanning, including all the imperfections of the structure, provide the basis of the geometry model, created for the finite element simulation. The system behavior was studied experimentally in the non‐critical load range with a load test for the calibration of this numerical model. In this paper, the project framework as well as the implementation and the evaluation of the load test are presented. In further papers, the transfer of the geodetic measurement data to the numerical model and the consideration of the load test results within a simulation will be addressed.
Epidemiology of twinning in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997 to 2007
Authors: Dawson April L. , Tinker Sarah C. , Jamieson Denise J. , Hobbs Charlotte A. , Rasmussen Sonja A. , Reefhuis Jennita ,   the National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: October 2014

BackgroundOur objective was to evaluate associations between twinning and maternal demographic factors and periconceptional exposures among infants with and without orofacial clefts.MethodsWe used data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study; 228 twins and 8242 singletons without birth defects (controls), and 117 twins and 2859 singletons with orofacial clefts, born 1997 to 2007, were included in the analyses. Because of the occurrence of twinning due to the use of assisted reproductive technologies, logistic regression models were computed to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for each exposure, stratified by fertility treatment use. To evaluate factors by zygosity, we used sex‐pairing data and a simulation approach to estimate the zygosity of like‐sex twin pairs for unassisted conceptions.ResultsAmong control mothers who did not use fertility treatments, predictors of twinning included non‐Hispanic black maternal race (adjusted odds ratio, 1.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.0–2.4), and tobacco smoking (adjusted odds ratio, 1.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–2.4). Among control mothers who used fertility treatments, older maternal age, higher income, and state of residence were associated with twinning. Associations were generally stronger among mothers of dizygotic (estimated) twins than monozygotic (estimated) twins. Results for mothers of infants with isolated orofacial clefts were similar to those of controls.ConclusionWe observed an increased twinning frequency with increasing maternal age, but factors such as maternal race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status may also contribute. Among women receiving fertility treatments, factors associated with twinning suggested a relation with treatment specifics (e.g., treatment type and number of embryos implanted) and availability of insurance coverage. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 103:85–99, 2015 © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Corporate Sustainable Development: is ‘Integrated Reporting’ a Legitimation Strategy?
Authors: Lai Alessandro , Melloni Gaia , Stacchezzini Riccardo 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn the field of sustainability reporting (SR), the so‐called ‘integrated report’ (IR) is gaining momentum. In spite of its voluntary nature, a growing number of firms are adopting IR by participating in the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) Pilot Programme. Stimulated by concerns on the use of SR as a legitimation strategy, the paper investigates whether the decision to adopt an IR stems from the need to repair legitimacy threats. By showing that IR adopters have significantly higher Bloomberg ESG disclosure ratings relative to non‐adopters, we reject the hypothesis of firms adopting IR as a response to a poor rating. Additionally, we show that other proxies of legitimacy pressures (size, leverage, profitability, industry) do not play a role in explaining IR adoption. Overall, our evidence suggests that corporate engagement in IR is not a matter of strategic legitimation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
A prison mental health in‐reach model informed by assertive community treatment principles: evaluation of its impact on planning during the pre‐release period, community mental health service engagement and reoffending
Authors: McKenna Brian , Skipworth Jeremy , Tapsell Rees , Madell Dominic , Pillai Krishna , Simpson Alexander , Cavney James , Rouse Paul 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundIt is well recognised that prisoners with serious mental illness (SMI) are at high risk of poor outcomes on return to the community. Early engagement with mental health services and other community agencies could provide the substrate for reducing risk.AimTo evaluate the impact of implementing an assertive community treatment informed prison in‐reach model of care (PMOC) on post‐release engagement with community mental health services and on reoffending rates.MethodsOne hundred and eighty prisoners with SMI released from four prisons in the year before implementation of the PMOC were compared with 170 such prisoners released the year after its implementation.ResultsThe assertive prison model of care was associated with more pre‐release contacts with community mental health services and contacts with some social care agencies in some prisons. There were significantly more post‐release community mental health service engagements after implementation of this model (Z = −2.388, p = 0.02). There was a trend towards reduction in reoffending rates after release from some of the prisons (Z = 1.82, p = 0.07).Conclusions and implications for practiceAssertive community treatment applied to prisoners with mental health problems was superior to ‘treatment as usual’, but more work is needed to ensure that agencies will engage prisoners in pre‐release care. The fact that the model showed some benefits in the absence of any increase in resources suggests that it may be the model per se that is effective. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Voltage‐Dependent Capacitance, Aging Effects, and Failure Indicators of Double‐Layer Capacitors during Lifetime Testing
Authors: Kurzweil Peter , Frenzel Bernhard , Hildebrand Andreas 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAging phenomena, which occur during long‐term cycling tests of supercapacitors, complicate the exact determination of comparable capacitance values by using hitherto introduced electrochemical techniques. The gradual degradation of polymer‐bound carbon electrodes during long‐term operation is caused by the destruction of the adhesive layer between the active material and current collector. Based on ten years of testing experience, a reliable voltammetric method is proposed, with which it is possible to distinguish useable capacitance, residual charges caused by chemical aging processes, and mechanical failure causes. The capacitance of electrode–electrolyte interfaces is shown as a function of temperature, frequency, voltage, state‐of‐charge, and the operating conditions.
In Situ and Ex Situ Low‐Field NMR Spectroscopy and MRI Endowed by SABRE Hyperpolarization
Authors: Barskiy Danila A. , Kovtunov Kirill V. , Koptyug Igor V. , He Ping , Groome Kirsten A. , Best Quinn A. , Shi Fan , Goodson Boyd M. , Shchepin Roman V. , Truong Milton L. , Coffey Aaron M. , Waddell Kevin W. , Chekmenev Eduard Y. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBy using 5.75 and 47.5 mT nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, up to 105‐fold sensitivity enhancement through signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) was enabled, and subsecond temporal resolution was used to monitor an exchange reaction that resulted in the buildup and decay of hyperpolarized species after parahydrogen bubbling. We demonstrated the high‐resolution low‐field proton magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of pyridine in a 47.5 mT magnetic field endowed by SABRE. Molecular imaging (i.e. imaging of dilute hyperpolarized substances rather than the bulk medium) was conducted in two regimes: in situ real‐time MRI of the reaction mixture (in which pyridine was hyperpolarized), and ex situ MRI (in which hyperpolarization decays) of the liquid hyperpolarized product. Low‐field (milli‐Tesla range, e.g. 5.75 and 47.5 mT used in this study) parahydrogen‐enhanced NMR and MRI, which are free from the limitations of high‐field magnetic resonance (including susceptibility‐induced gradients of the static magnetic field at phase interfaces), potentially enables new imaging applications as well as differentiation of hyperpolarized chemical species on demand by exploiting spin manipulations with static and alternating magnetic fields.
Cellulose Amorphization by Swelling in Ionic Liquid/Water Mixtures: A Combined Macroscopic and Second‐Harmonic Microscopy Study
Authors: Glas Daan , Paesen Rik , Depuydt Daphne , Binnemans Koen , Ameloot Marcel , De Vos Dirk E. , Ameloot Rob 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAmorphization of cellulose by swelling in ionic liquid (IL)/water mixtures at room temperature is a suitable alternative to the dissolution–precipitation pretreatment known to facilitate enzymatic digestion. When soaking microcrystalline cellulose in the IL 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate containing 20 wt % water, the crystallinity of the cellulose sample is strongly reduced. As less than 4 % of the cellulose dissolves in this mixture, this swelling method makes a precipitation step and subsequent energy‐intensive IL purification redundant. Second‐harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy is used as a structure‐sensitive technique for in situ monitoring of the changes in cellulose crystallinity. Combined optical and SHG observations confirm that in the pure IL complete dissolution takes place, while swelling without dissolution in the optimal IL/water mixture yields a solid cellulose with a significantly reduced crystallinity in a single step.
Cationic Trialkylphosphates: Synthesis and Transfection Efficacies Compared to Phosphoramidate Analogues
Authors: Le Corre Stéphanie S. , Berchel Mathieu , Le Gall Tony , Haelters Jean‐Pierre , Lehn Pierre , Montier Tristan , Jaffrès Paul‐Alain 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe report herein the synthesis of a novel family of cationic lipids, characterized by a trimethylammonium headgroup linked through a phosphate function to either two identical or two different lipid chains. The novelty of this study arises from the use of a trialkyl phosphate group to associate the hydrophobic domain to the cationic polar head. The structure of these new cationic lipids, which differs from that of previously reported lipophosphoramidates, is closer to the phospholipids encountered in the plasma membrane, and possesses a phosphocholine polar head. Evaluation of the transfection activity allowed us to compare the efficacy of cationic lipophosphates with that of lipophosphoramidates. These results demonstrate that cationic lipophosphates and lipophosphoramidates having otherwise identical chemical structures exhibit similar transfection efficacies. The second conclusion is that the structure of the lipid domain is a much more important parameter in governing transfection efficacy than the composition of the linker moiety. The best results were obtained with cationic lipophosphates or lipophosphoramidates possessing two different lipid chains, for example one oleyl chain with one phytanyl chain. These nonsymmetric cationic lipids exhibited transfection efficacies that were 10‐ to 200‐fold better than those obtained with Lipofectamine used as a commercial standard.
Metformin exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations causes potential endocrine disruption in adult male fish
Authors: Niemuth Nicholas J. , Jordan Renee , Crago Jordan , Blanksma Chad , Johnson Rodney , Klaper Rebecca D. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are emerging contaminants that have been found ubiquitously in wastewater and surface waters around the world. A major source of these compounds is incomplete metabolism in humans and subsequent excretion in human waste, resulting in discharge into surface waters by wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent. One pharmaceutical found in particularly high abundance in recent WWTP effluent and surface water studies is metformin, one of the world's most widely prescribed antidiabetic drugs. Interactions between insulin signaling and steroidogenesis suggest potential endocrine-disrupting effects of metformin found in the aquatic environment. Adult fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were chronically exposed to metformin for 4 wk, at 40 µg/L, a level similar to the average found in WWTP effluent in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. Genetic endpoints related to metabolism and endocrine function as well as reproduction-related endpoints were examined. Metformin treatment induced significant up-regulation of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) encoding the egg-protein vitellogenin in male fish, an indication of endocrine disruption. The present study, the first to study the effects of environmentally relevant metformin exposure in fathead minnows, demonstrates the need for further study of the endocrine-disrupting effects of metformin in aquatic organisms. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;9999:1–6. © 2014 The Authors. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
The influence of particle size and static magnetic fields on the uptake of magnetic nanoparticles into three dimensional cell‐seeded collagen gel cultures
Authors: Lewis Emily E. L. , Child Hannah W. , Hursthouse Andrew , Stirling David , McCully Mark , Paterson David , Mullin Margaret , Berry Catherine C. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractOver recent decades there has been and continues to be major advances in the imaging, diagnosis and potential treatment of medical conditions, by the use of magnetic nanoparticles. However, to date the majority of cell delivery studies employ a traditional 2D monolayer culture. This article aims to determine the ability of various sized magnetic nanoparticles to penetrate and travel through a cell seeded collagen gel model, in the presence or absence of a magnetic field. Three different sized (100, 200, and 500 nm) nanoparticles were employed in the study. The results showed cell viability was unaffected by the presence of nanoparticles over a 24‐h test period. The initial uptake of the 100 nm nanoparticle into the collagen gel structure was superior compared to the larger sized nanoparticles under the influence of a magnetic field and incubated for 24 h. Interestingly, it was the 200 nm nanoparticles, which proved to penetrate the gel furthest, under the influence of a magnetic field, during the initial culture stage after 1‐h incubation. © 2014 The Authors. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 1294–1301, 2015.
Risk of Subsequent Fractures and Mortality in Elderly Women and Men with Fragility Fractures with and without Osteoporotic Bone Density: The Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study
Authors: Bliuc Dana , Alarkawi Dunia , Nguyen Tuan V , Eisman John A , Center Jacqueline R 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT

Half of fragility fractures occur in individuals with nonosteoporotic BMD (BMD T-score &gt; –2.5); however, there is no information on postfracture adverse events of subsequent fracture and mortality for different BMD levels. The objective of this work was to determine the risk and predictors of subsequent fracture and excess mortality following initial fracture according to BMD. The subjects were community-dwelling participants aged 60+ years from the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study with incident fractures followed from 1989 to 2011. The outcome measurements were as follows: risk of subsequent fracture and mortality according to BMD categorized as normal (T-score &lt; –1), osteopenia (T-score ≤ –1 and &gt; –2.5), and osteoporosis (T-score ≤ –2.5). There were 528 low-trauma fractures in women and 187 in men. Of these, 12% occurred in individuals with normal BMD (38 women, 50 men) and 42% in individuals with osteopenia (221 women, 76 men). The relative risk (RR) of subsequent fracture was &gt;2.0-fold for all levels of BMD (normal BMD: 2.0 [1.2 to 3.3] for women and 2.1 [1.2 to 3.8] for men; osteopenia: 2.1 [1.7 to 2.6] for women and 2.5 [1.6 to 4.1] for men; and osteoporosis 3.2 [2.7 to 3.9] for women and 2.1 [1.4 to 3.1] for men. The likelihood of falling and reduced quadriceps strength contributed to subsequent fracture risk in women with normal BMD. By contrast with subsequent fracture risk, postfracture mortality was increased particularly in individuals with low BMD (age-adjusted standardized mortality ratio [SMR] for osteopenia 1.3 [1.1 to 1.7] and 2.2 [1.7 to 2.9] for women and men, respectively, and osteoporosis 1.7 [1.5 to 2.0] and 2.7 [2.0 to 3.6] for women and men, respectively). This study demonstrates the high burden of subsequent fracture in individuals with normal BMD and osteopenia, and excess mortality particularly for those with osteopenia (and osteoporosis). These findings highlight the importance of these fractures and underscore the gap in evidence for benefit of antiosteoporotic treatment for fragility fracture, in those with only mildly low BMD. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
T Cell–Expressed CD40L Potentiates the Bone Anabolic Activity of Intermittent PTH Treatment
Authors: Robinson Jerid W , Li Jau-Yi , Walker Lindsey D , Tyagi Abdul Malik , Reott Michael A , Yu Mingcan , Adams Jonathan , Weitzmann M Neale , Pacifici Roberto 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT

T cells are known to potentiate the bone anabolic activity of intermittent parathyroid hormone (iPTH) treatment. One of the involved mechanisms is increased T cell secretion of Wnt10b, a potent osteogenic Wnt ligand that activates Wnt signaling in stromal cells (SCs). However, additional mechanisms might play a role, including direct interactions between surface receptors expressed by T cells and SCs. Here we show that iPTH failed to promote SC proliferation and differentiation into osteoblasts (OBs) and activate Wnt signaling in SCs of mice with a global or T cell–specific deletion of the T cell costimulatory molecule CD40 ligand (CD40L). Attesting to the relevance of T cell–expressed CD40L, iPTH induced a blunted increase in bone formation and failed to increase trabecular bone volume in CD40L–/– mice and mice with a T cell–specific deletion of CD40L. CD40L null mice exhibited a blunted increase in T cell production of Wnt10b and abrogated CD40 signaling in SCs in response to iPTH treatment. Therefore, expression of the T cell surface receptor CD40L enables iPTH to exert its bone anabolic activity by activating CD40 signaling in SCs and maximally stimulating T cell production of Wnt10b. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Sclerostin Inhibition Prevents Spinal Cord Injury-Induced Cancellous Bone Loss
Authors: Beggs Luke A , Ye Fan , Ghosh Payal , Beck Darren T , Conover Christine F , Balaez Alexander , Miller Julie R , Phillips Ean G , Zheng Nigel , Williams Alyssa A , Aguirre JIgnacio , Wronski Thomas J , Bose Prodip K , Borst Stephen E , Yarrow Joshua F 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT

Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in rapid and extensive sublesional bone loss. Sclerostin, an osteocyte-derived glycoprotein that negatively regulates intraskeletal Wnt signaling, is elevated after SCI and may represent a mechanism underlying this excessive bone loss. However, it remains unknown whether pharmacologic sclerostin inhibition ameliorates bone loss subsequent to SCI. Our primary purposes were to determine whether a sclerostin antibody (Scl-Ab) prevents hindlimb cancellous bone loss in a rodent SCI model and to compare the effects of a Scl-Ab to that of testosterone-enanthate (TE), an agent that we have previously shown prevents SCI-induced bone loss. Fifty-five (n = 11–19/group) skeletally mature male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to receive: (A) SHAM surgery (T8 laminectomy), (B) moderate-severe (250 kilodyne) SCI, (C) 250 kilodyne SCI + TE (7.0 mg/wk, im), or (D) 250 kilodyne SCI + Scl-Ab (25 mg/kg, twice weekly, sc) for 3 weeks. Twenty-one days post-injury, SCI animals exhibited reduced hindlimb cancellous bone volume at the proximal tibia (via μCT and histomorphometry) and distal femur (via μCT), characterized by reduced trabecular number and thickness. SCI also reduced trabecular connectivity and platelike trabecular structures, indicating diminished structural integrity of the remaining cancellous network, and produced deficits in cortical bone (femoral diaphysis) strength. Scl-Ab and TE both prevented SCI-induced cancellous bone loss, albeit via differing mechanisms. Specifically, Scl-Ab increased osteoblast surface and bone formation, indicating direct bone anabolic effects, whereas TE reduced osteoclast surface with minimal effect on bone formation, indicating antiresorptive effects. The deleterious microarchitectural alterations in the trabecular network were also prevented in SCI + Scl-Ab and SCI + TE animals, whereas only Scl-Ab completely prevented the reduction in cortical bone strength. Our findings provide the first evidence indicating that sclerostin inhibition represents a viable treatment to prevent SCI-induced cancellous and cortical bone deficits and provides preliminary rationale for future clinical trials focused on evaluating whether Scl-Ab prevents osteoporosis in the SCI population. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.