bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flood meadows in Finland – their development during the past century
Authors: Huhta Ari‐Pekka , Rautio Pasi 
Published: September 2014

Flood meadows represent semi‐natural vegetation by the great rivers in northern Finland. Physical forces acting on the river banks such as ice, floods and annual sedimentation create temporarily oxygen‐free conditions as well as open space for the growth of grasses and herbs. Besides flood dynamics, clearing and mowing for winter forage maintained flood meadow series representative for centuries. When the regular management for winter forage ceased by the end of 1950's, flood meadows started to overgrow by trees and shrubs, and thus change back to their virgin state.Different meadow types are traditionally arranged into a grassland continuum on the basis of their soil moisture gradient: from dry to wet meadows, from which dozens of vicariating associations emerge. Fine‐featured vegetation types may be categorized into six functional groups according to their vicinity to riverside and flooding frequency.The aim of this study was to define the state of flood meadows in Finland by studying the data collected during the nationwide inventory (NWI) of traditional rural biotopes in Finland 1992–2001, and by comparing NWI with the vast material collected by 14 different researchers starting from the beginning of the 1900's and reaching into first decade of present millennia. First, the NWI and the researchers’ data were studied alone and thereafter the material was pooled and compared.Results show that management cessation have had only minor effect on wet flood meadows close to mean water level. Equisetum fluviatile‐, tall Carex‐ and moist grass flood meadows remain largely open without human influence. However, combined effect of ceased mowing and decreased sedimentation due, e.g. to watercourse regulation and hydraulic engineering, changes also the wet types into open‐ and shrub‐covered swamps. In contrast, without management the uppermost tall herb‐, moist grass‐ and small herb flood meadows turn quickly into thickets. As a consequence, today moist grass‐, tall‐ and small herb flood meadows are critically endangered habitat types in Finland.
Systematic review of behavioural interventions with culturally adapted strategies to improve diet and weight outcomes in African American women
Authors: Kong A. , Tussing‐Humphreys L. M. , Odoms‐Young A. M. , Stolley M. R. , Fitzgibbon M. L. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryBehavioural interventions incorporating features that are culturally salient to African American women have emerged as one approach to address the high rates of obesity in this group. Yet, the systematic evaluation of this research is lacking. This review identified culturally adapted strategies reported in behavioural interventions using a prescribed framework and examined the effectiveness of these interventions for diet and weight outcomes among African American women. Publications from 1 January 1990 through 31 December 2012 were retrieved from four databases, yielding 28 interventions. Seventeen of 28 studies reported significant improvements in diet and/or weight change outcomes in treatment over comparison groups. The most commonly identified strategies reported were ‘sociocultural’ (reflecting a group's values and beliefs) and ‘constituent involving’ (drawing from a group's experiences). Studies with significant findings commonly reported constituent‐involving strategies during the formative phases of the intervention. Involving constituents early on may uncover key attributes of a target group and contribute to a greater understanding of the heterogeneity that exists even within racial/ethnic groups. Available evidence does not, however, explain how culturally adapted strategies specifically influence outcomes. Greater attention to defining and measuring cultural variables and linking them to outcomes or related mediators are important next steps.
Outside‐of‐school time obesity prevention and treatment interventions in African American youth
Authors: Barr‐Anderson D. J. , Singleton C. , Cotwright C. J. , Floyd M. F. , Affuso O. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryOutside‐of‐school time (OST; i.e. before/after‐school hours, summer time), theory‐based interventions are potential strategies for addressing increased obesity among African American youth. This review assessed interventions across multiple settings that took place during OST among African American youth aged 5–18 years old. Seven databases were searched for studies published prior to October 2013; 28 prevention and treatment interventions that assessed weight or related behaviours as a primary or secondary outcome were identified. Overall, these studies reported heterogeneous intervention length, theoretical frameworks, methodological quality, outcomes, cultural adaption and community engagement; the latter two attributes have been identified as potentially important intervention strategies when working with African Americans. Although not always significant, generally, outcomes were in the desired direction. When examining programmes by time of intervention (i.e. after‐school, summer time, time not specified or multiple time periods), much of the variability remained, but some similarities emerged. After‐school studies generally had a positive impact on physical activity, fruit/vegetable consumption and caloric intake, or body composition. The single summer time intervention showed a trend towards reduced body mass index. Overall findings suggest that after‐school and summer programmes, alone or perhaps in combination, offer potential benefits for African American youth and could favourably influence diet and physical activity behaviour.
Effectiveness of Diabetes Prevention Program translations among African Americans
Authors: Samuel‐Hodge C. D. , Johnson C. M. , Braxton D. F. , Lackey M. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryThe Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) demonstrated risk reduction for incident diabetes through weight loss among all participants, including African Americans. Several DPP translations have been conducted in less controlled settings, including primary care practices and communities; however, there is no detailed compilation of how effective these translations have been for African Americans. This systematic literature review evaluated DPP translations from 2003 to 2012. Eligible records were retrieved using a search strategy of relevant databases and gray literature. Retrieved records (n = 1,272) were screened using a priori criteria, which resulted in 21 full‐text studies for review. Seventeen studies were included in the full‐text qualitative synthesis. Seven studies had 100% African American samples and 10 studies had mixed samples with African American subgroups. African American participants’ average weight loss was roughly half of that achieved in the DPP intervention. However, with few higher‐quality studies, small sample sizes and differences in intervention designs and implementation, comparisons across interventions were difficult. The suboptimal effectiveness of DPP translations among African American adults, particularly women, signals the need for enhancements to existing evidence‐based interventions and more high‐quality research that includes other at‐risk African American subgroups such as men and younger adults of lower socioeconomic status.
Simple solution for difficult face mask ventilation in children with orofacial clefts
Authors: Veerabathula Prardhana , Patil Manajeet , Upputuri Omkar , Durga Padmaja 
Published: September 2014

SummarySignificant air leak from the facial cleft predisposes to difficult mask ventilation. The reported techniques of use of sterile gauze, larger face mask and laryngeal mask airway after intravenous induction have limited application in uncooperative children. We describe the use of dental impression material molded to the facial contour to cover the facial defect and aid ventilation with an appropriate size face mask in a child with a bilateral Tessier 3 anomaly.
Nousin Aristotle'sDe Anima
Authors: Cohoe Caleb Murray 
Published: September 2014

AbstractI lay out and examine two sharply conflicting interpretations of Aristotle's claims aboutnousin theDe Anima(DA). On the human separability approach, Aristotle is taken to have identified reasons for thinking that the intellect can, in some way, exist on its own. On the naturalist approach, the soul, including intellectual soul, is inseparable from the body of which it is the form. I discuss how proponents of each approach deal with the key texts from theDA, focusing on four of the most important and interesting topics in this area. Two of these topics concern the activity of understanding (noêsis): first, what does Aristotle mean when he claims that the intellect cannot have a bodily organ and, secondly, what role does Aristotle thinkphantasmata(“images” or “representations”) play in understanding something? Two of the topics concernDA3.5, one of the most difficult passages in Aristotle's corpus: first, what is the nature and role of the productive intellect (nous poiêtikos) introduced there and, secondly, what are this chapter's implications for the question of whether the intellect or intellectual soul can exist apart from the body? I conclude by identifying areas where further research is necessary.
Photo‐Wolff Rearrangement of 2‐Diazo‐1,2‐naphthoquinone: Stern–Volmer Analysis of the Stepwise Reaction Pathway
Authors: Ladinig Manfred , Ramseier Markus , Wirz Jakob 
Published: September 2014

Abstract2‐Diazo‐1,2‐naphthoquinone (1) and its derivatives are the photoactive components in Novolak photoresists. A femtosecond infrared study has established that the photoreaction of 1 proceeds largely by a concerted Wolff rearrangement yielding the ketene 1H‐inden‐1‐ylidene‐methanone (3) within 300 fs after excitation, but earlier trapping studies gave evidence for a minor reaction path via a carbene intermediate 1‐oxo‐2(1H)‐naphthalenylidene (2) with a lifetime of about 10 ps. Here, we provide a quantitative assessment of the stepwise pathway by Stern–Volmer analysis of the trapping of 2 by methanol to yield 2‐methoxy‐1‐naphthol (4). We conclude that the lifetime of the carbene 2 is at least 200 ps. Moreover, [3 + 2]cycloaddition of 2 and acetonitrile yielding 2‐methylnaphth[2,1‐d]oxazole (5) was observed. A comparison of the yields of 5 formed upon photolysis and upon thermolysis of 1 in acetonitrile provides evidence that a substantial part of the hot nascent carbene 2 formed photolytically rearranges to the ketene 3 during its vibrational relaxation (hot ground‐state reaction).
Causal Mediation Analysis in the Multilevel Intervention and Multicomponent Mediator Case
Authors: Zheng Cheng , Zhou Xiao-Hua 
Published: September 2014

SummaryMediation analysis is an important tool in social and medical sciences as it helps to understand why an intervention works. The commonly used approach, given by Baron and Kenny, requires the strong assumption ‘sequential ignorability’ to yield causal interpretation. Ten Have and his colleagues proposed a rank preserving model to relax this assumption. However, the rank preserving model is restricted to the case with binary intervention and single mediator and needs another strong assumption ‘rank preserving’. We propose a new model that can relax this assumption and can handle both multilevel intervention and multicomponent mediators. As an estimating-equation-based method, our model can handle both correlated data with the generalized estimating equation and missing data with inverse probability weighting. Finally, our method can also be used in many other research settings, using mathematical models similar to mediation analysis, such as treatment compliance and post-randomized treatment component analysis. For the causal mediation model proposed, we first show identifiability for the parameters in the model. We then propose a semiparametric method for estimating the model parameters and derive asymptotic results for the estimators proposed. Simulation shows good performance for the proposed estimators in finite sample sizes. Finally, we apply the method proposed to two real world clinical studies: the college student drinking study, and the ‘Improving mood promoting access to collaborative treatment for late life depression’ study.
The Predictive Validity of Ideal Partner Preferences in Relationship Formation: What We Know, What We Don't Know, and Why It Matters
Authors: Campbell Lorne , Stanton Sarah C. E. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA great deal of research on interpersonal attraction implicitly assumes that stated ideal partner preferences guide the mate selection, and therefore relationship formation, process. Nevertheless, recent research has yielded contradictory results. Whereas some research has failed to demonstrate that ideal partner preferences influence attraction to actual potential romantic partners, other studies have provided empirical evidence for the predictive validity of ideal partner preferences following interactions with potential romantic partners. A new meta‐analysis on the predictive validity of ideal partner preferences concluded that people may not preferentially pursue potential partners that more closely match their stated preferences. This conclusion has significant implications for several empirical literatures that have relied on self‐reported ideal partner preferences to test hypotheses. We demonstrate, however, that the majority of the research on the predictive validity of ideal partner preferences, and thus research included in this meta‐analysis, focuses on interpersonal attraction or later relationship processes and not on individuals transitioning into actual new relationships. We suggest that research that directly focuses on the transition into actual relationships is needed before firm conclusions can be made regarding the predictive validity of ideal partner preferences in the formation of new relationships.
Positive and Negative Affective Dysfunction in Psychopathology
Authors: Stanton Kasey , Watson David 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMoods are a constant feature of human experience. Although we all experience good and bad moods, there are individual differences in the propensity to experience positive and negative feeling states. These individual differences are assessed as traits under the terms positive affectivity (PA) and negative affectivity (NA), respectively. Studying the relations between PA, NA, and psychopathology has provided a basic understanding of emotional dysfunction in a range of symptoms and disorders. A substantial body of evidence indicates that general NA is a core feature of many types of psychopathology. In contrast, the relations for general PA are more varied, as it correlates negatively with some disorders but positively with others. Additionally, some research has investigated how more specific components of PA and NA relate to psychological disorders and their symptoms. However, further research of this type is needed to improve our conceptualization of emotional dysfunction across disorders.
Calcium‐buffering effects of gluconate and nucleotides, as determined by a novel fluorimetric titration method
Authors: Woehler Andrew , Lin Kun‐Han , Neher Erwin 
Published: September 2014

Key points
The efficiency of neurotransmitter release is influenced by the presence of Ca2+ binding molecules.
In this study we show that the use of gluconate as the dominant anion in pipette filling solutions, together with the presence of ATP and GTP, influences the efficiency of Ca2+‐mediated release during whole cell patch clamp measurements in the Calyx of Held.
We introduce a novel fluorimetric titration procedure for low‐affinity calcium dyes, such as Fura2FF, that allows us to determine the calcium binding ratios of several commonly used pipette solutions.
These results explain the influence of gluconate and nucleotides on neurotransmitter release, provide guidelines for calibrating pipette solutions and calcium indicators, and may provide a basis for studying the coupling between calcium sensors and sources.
AbstractSignificantly more Ca2+ influx is required for eliciting release of neurotransmitter during whole cell patch clamp recording in the Calyx of Held, when gluconate with 3 mm free ATP is used as pipette filling solution, as compared to a methanesulfonate‐based solution with excess Mg2+. This reduction in efficiency of Ca2+ in eliciting release is due to low‐affinity Ca2+ binding of both gluconate and ATP2− anions. To study these effects we developed a simple fluorimeteric titration procedure, which reports the dissociation constant, KD, of a given Ca2+ indicator dye, multiplied by 1 plus the sum of Ca2+ binding ratios of any anions, which act as low‐affinity Ca2+ ligands. For solutions without Ca2+ binding anions we find KD values for Fura2FF ranging from 11.5 ± 1.7 to 15.6 ± 7.47 μm depending on the dominant anion used. For Fura6F and KCl‐based solutions we find KD = 17.8 ± 1.3 μm. For solutions with gluconate as the main anion and for solutions that contain nucleotides, such as ATP and GTP, we find much higher values for the product. Assuming that the KD of the indicator dye is equal to that of KCl‐based solutions we calculate the summed Ca2+ binding ratios and find a value of 3.55 for a solution containing 100 mm potassium gluconate and 4 mm ATP. Gluconate contributes a value of 1.75 to this number, while the contribution of ATP depends strongly on the presence of Mg2+ and varies from 0.8 (with excess Mg2+) to 13.8 (in the presence of 3 mm free ATP). Methanesulfonate has negligible Ca2+ binding capacity. These results explain the reduced efficiency of Ca2+ influx in the presence of gluconate or nucleotides, as these anions are expected to intercept Ca2+ ions at short distance.
A Novel Multivalent OspA Vaccine against Lyme Borreliosis Is Safe and Immunogenic in an Adult Population Previously Infected with Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato
Authors: Wressnigg Nina , Barrett P. Noel , Pöllabauer Eva-Maria , O'Rourke Maria , Portsmouth Daniel , Schwendinger Michael G. , Crowe Brian A. , Livey Ian , Dvorak Thomas , Schmitt Bernhard , Zeitlinger Markus , Kollaritsch Herwig , Esen Meral , Kremsner Peter G. , Jelinek Tomas , Aschoff Roland , Weisser Roland , Naudts Ingomar F. K. , Aichinger Gerald 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTLyme borreliosis (LB) patients who recover, as well as previously infected asymptomatic individuals, remain vulnerable to reinfection withBorrelia burgdorferisensu lato. There is limited information available about the use of OspA vaccines in this population. In this study, a randomized double-blind phase I/II trial was performed to investigate the safety and immunogenicity of a novel multivalent OspA vaccine in healthy adults who were either seronegative or seropositive for previousB. burgdorferi sensu latoinfection. The participants received three monthly priming immunizations with either 30 μg or 60 μg alum-adjuvanted OspA antigen and a booster vaccination either 6 months or 9 to 12 months after the first immunization. The antibody responses to the six OspA serotypes included in the vaccine were evaluated. Adverse events were predominantly mild and transient and were similar in the seronegative and seropositive populations. Substantial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and surface-binding antibody responses against all six OspA antigens were induced after the primary immunization schedule in both populations, and they were substantially increased with both booster schedules. The antibody responses induced by the two doses were similar in the seronegative population, but there was a significant dose response in the seropositive population. These data indicate that the novel multivalent OspA vaccine is well tolerated and immunogenic in individuals previously infected withB. burgdorferi sensu lato. (This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT01504347.)
Draft Genome Sequences of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Clinical Strains A2 and A4, Isolated from a Relapse Patient in Taiwan
Authors: Liao Yu-Chieh , Chen Yih-Yuan , Lin Hsin-Hung , Chang Jia-Ru , Su Ih-Jen , Huang Tsi-Shu , Dou Horng-Yunn 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

The recurrence rate of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
in Taiwan is 3%. Here, we present the draft genome sequences of
M. tuberculosis
strains A2 and A4 from a relapse patient. The draft genome sequences comprise 4,443,031 bp and 4,487,096 bp, revealing 4,220 and 4,143 coding sequences for A2 and A4, respectively, as well as 49 tRNA genes for the both isolates.
Complete Genome Sequence of Feline Calicivirus Strain HRB-SS from a Cat in Heilongjiang Province, Northeastern China
Authors: Liu Chunguo , Liu Yongxiang , Liu Dafei , Guo Dongchun , Liu Ming , Li Yijing , Qu Liandong 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT
Here, we report the complete genome sequence of feline calicivirus (FCV) strain HRB-SS isolated in 2014 from a cat in Heilongjiang Province of northeastern China. The virus genome is 7,705 bases, excluding the poly(A) tail. This analysis will help to understand the genetic characteristics and evolution of FCV in China.
Draft Genome Sequence of Bovine Mastitis Isolate Staphylococcus agnetis CBMRN 20813338
Authors: Calcutt Michael J. , Foecking Mark F. , Fry Pamela R. , Hsieh Hsin-Yeh , Perry Jeanette , Stewart George C. , Scholl Daniel T. , Messier Serge , Middleton John R. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

Presented here is a draft genome sequence for
Staphylococcus agnetis
CBMRN 20813338, isolated from a lactating dairy cow with subclinical mastitis. The genome is approximately 2,416 kb and has 35.79% G+C content. Analysis of the deduced open reading frame (ORF) set identified candidate virulence attributes in addition to potential molecular targets for species identification.
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Harboring
mecC
in Livestock in Spain
Authors: Ariza-Miguel Jaime , Hernández Marta , Fernández-Natal Isabel , Rodríguez-Lázaro David 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

We report for the first time
mecC
-positive methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(
mecC
-MRSA) in livestock in Spain. One isolate (sequence type 130) was found in milk samples among 601
S. aureus
isolates obtained from 229 dairy sheep farms. This finding highlights the potential for zoonotic transmission of
mecC
-positive MRSA and the need for surveillance programs to monitor its presence and clonal evolution.