bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coconut: Expanding avenues in processing and an exposition on non‐conventional value‐added products
Authors: Kumar Sarangapany Ashwin , Negi Aditi , Santhoshkumar Paramasivam , Moses Jeyan Arthur , Sinija Vadakkepulppara Ramachandran Nair 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCoconut palm (Cocos nucifera) is a treasured tree of the tropics, with every part put to use. The edible portions are loaded with diverse nutrients and nutraceutical ingredients. While the unique mineral profile of the liquid endosperm, the low‐glycemic inflorescence sap (neera) and the medium‐chain triglyceride fraction of coconut oil are better recognized, other fractions such as the haustorium remain underexplored. Overall, it is evident that, globally, the present status of coconut value addition is conventional, limited to a handful of products, and novel products hold a promising scope. A massive fraction of global coconut production goes for culinary and religious purposes. In the article, value‐added products from coconut are classified into conventional and non‐conventional products, with the latter in focus. Based on the part from which it is collected, all products have been categorized as haustorium‐based, inflorescence‐based, kernel‐based and water‐based products. For each non‐conventional product introduced, its production approach and unique application range are highlighted. Given its health‐promoting capabilities, characteristic sensorial attributes, wide application range and technological advancements, coconuts are increasingly being recognized around the world, even in regions that do not cultivate them; this applies to non‐food products as well. In the context of value‐added products from coconuts, this decade has witnessed a surge in research and commercial interest considering the inclusion of coconut as an ingredient in several food and nutraceutical products. The future will certainly consider regulatory protocols and standards, better documentation of the health impact of coconut‐based diets, and the sustainability of coconut production, processing and consumption. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Myasthenia gravis Lambert–Eaton overlap syndrome: Recommended modification for the diagnostic criteria
Authors: Oh Shin J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn 2016, MLOS (myasthenia gravis Lambert–Eaton overlap syndrome) was coined to represent an entity of overlap syndrome of myasthenia gravis and Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome. Fifty‐five MLOS patients have been identified. Modification of the diagnostic criteria for MG by adding MuSK positive antibody testing is recommended. Two MuSK positive MLOS patients were identified by the new diagnostic criteria.
Outdoor adventure education as a platform for developing environmental leadership
Authors: Hutson Garrett , Baird Julia , Ives Christopher D. , Dale Gillian , Holzer Jennifer M. , Plummer Ryan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Notwithstanding actions taken to date through policy, programmes and practices, the planet remains on an unsustainable pathway. System level and individual actions are needed to address the challenges that confront us. Finding approaches to encourage individual pro‐environmental behaviours are important for shifting an individual's actions, and these changes can have systemic implications. Outdoor adventure education programmes represent an ideal context to research the development of pro‐environmental behaviours. For outdoor adventure education to effect both individual and system‐level change, it is necessary for participants to connect learning from programmes to wider contexts where they can leverage influence. One of the prominent transferable outcomes of outdoor adventure education is the ability to serve in a leadership role.

This article addresses the following primary research question: What aspects of outdoor adventure education programmes promote pro‐environmental behaviour intentions among participants? It explores this by examining various learning mechanisms and design features of NOLS, a global expeditionary outdoor adventure education programme formerly known as the National Outdoor Leadership School. Data were collected and analysed from 202 NOLS programme participants from around the world through open‐ended responses completed as part of a questionnaire at the end of the programme.

Results showed that the most prominent aspects of the outdoor adventure education programme that helped to promote pro‐environmental behaviour intentions were the building of conservation and environmental issue awareness, the practice of minimum impact techniques, and engagement in waste and food management. These programme aspects were produced through the learning mechanism domains of structure‐oriented learning, instructor‐oriented learning, environment‐oriented learning, instructor‐and‐student oriented learning and independent student‐oriented learning to varying degrees.

Our results illuminate design features of outdoor adventure education that have potential to generate and support environmental commitment and show how pro‐environmental learning is mediated through broad exposure to an array of activities and learning mechanism domains. In combination with the leadership development components, our results suggest that outdoor adventure education programmes show promise for developing and supporting environmental commitment in individuals necessary for solving global environmental crises now and in the future.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Conservative management of gynecomastia in Peutz‐Jeghers syndrome: Case series and review of the literature
Authors: Skafida Myrto , Duvall Melani M , Zelley Kristin , Baldino Sarah E. , Brodeur Garrett M , Kolon Thomas , Mostoufi‐Moab Sogol , MacFarland Suzanne P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPeutz‐Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is a childhood‐onset cancer predisposition syndrome that is associated with oral freckling and gastrointestinal polyposis. Male patients with PJS are at risk for large‐cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumors in childhood. These tumors are estrogen‐producing and can cause symptoms of precocious puberty, gynecomastia, and growth acceleration. Here we discuss our experience with spontaneous resolution or stabilization of breast enlargement without medical intervention in three patients with PJS and gynecomastia. These cases indicate that a watchful waiting approach can be considered in the management of gynecomastia in male children with PJS.
Digital identification of Aucklandiae radix, Vladimiriae radix, and Inulae radix based on multivariate algorithms and UHPLC‐QTOF‐MS analysis
Authors: Wang Xian rui , Zhang Jia ting , Guo Xiao han , Li Ming hua , Jing Wen guang , Cheng Xian long , Wei Feng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe identification of Aucklandiae Radix (AR), Vladimiriae Radix (VR), and Inulae Radix (IR) based on traits and microscopic features is susceptible to the state of samples and the subjective awareness of personnel, and the identification based on a few or single chemical compositions is a cumbersome and time‐consuming procedure and fails to rationally and effectively utilize the information of unknown components and is not specificity enough.ObjectivesThis study aimed to improve the identification efficiency, strengthen supervision, and realize digital identification of three Chinese medicines. Ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐QTOF‐MS) combined with multivariate algorithms was used to explore the digital identification of AR, VR, and IR.Materials and methodsUHPLC‐QTOF‐MS was used to analyze AR, VR, and IR. The MS data combined with multivariate algorithms such as partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLS‐DA) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) was used to filter important variables and data modeling. Finally, the optimal model was selected for the digital identification of three herbs.ResultsThe results showed that three herbs can be distinguished on the whole level, and through feature screening, 591 characteristic variables combined with multivariate algorithms to construct data models. The ANN model was the best with accuracy = 0.983, precision = 0.984, and external verification showed the reliability and practicability of ANN model.ConclusionANN model combined with MS data is of great significance for tdigital identification of AR, VR, and IR. It is an important reference for developing the digital identification of traditional Chinese medicines at the individual level based on UHPLC‐QTOF‐MS and multivariate algorithms.
Integrating pyriproxyfen into the incompatible insect technique enhances mosquito population suppression efficiency and eliminates the risk of population replacement
Authors: Li Yongjun , Peng Jiameng , Li Haiying , Zhang Ruiqi , Chen Jiexia , Hou Xiuying , Yang Guang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe incompatible insect technique (IIT) has been used for Aedes mosquito population suppression to curb the transmission of dengue. However, its wide application is limited owing to the low output of male mosquitoes and the risk of population replacement from the release of fertile Wolbachia‐infected females. This study aims to improve IIT efficiency for broader adoption.RESULTSWe assessed the impact of 10% pyriproxyfen (PPF) sticky powder exposure on Wolbachia (from Culex molestus)‐transinfected Aedes albopictus Guangzhou line (GUA line) (GC) mosquitoes. We found that the exposure caused chronic toxicity in adult mosquitoes without affecting the cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI)‐inducing capability of males. The PPF‐contaminated GC females exhibited significant sterilization and the ability to disseminate lethal doses of PPF to breeding sites. Subsequently, we conducted a field trial combining PPF with IIT aiming to suppress the Ae. albopictus population. This combined approach, termed boosted IIT (BIIT), showed a notable enhancement in population suppression efficiency. The improved efficacy of BIIT was attributed to the dispersion of PPF particles in the field via the released PPF‐contaminated male mosquitoes. During the BIIT field trial, no Wolbachia wPip‐positive Ae. albopictus larvae were detected, indicating the effective elimination of the risk of Wolbachia‐induced population replacement. Additionally, the field trial of BIIT against Ae. albopictus resulted in the suppression of the nontarget mosquito species Culex quinquefasciatus.CONCLUSIONOur results highlight the remarkable efficiency and feasibility of combining IIT with PPF in suppressing mosquito populations, facilitating the widespread implementation of IIT‐based management of mosquito‐borne diseases. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Diving into the wicked discourse of lead ammunition for big game hunting
Authors: Eleftheriou Andreas , Schuler Krysten 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAs evidence regarding the toxicity of lead (Pb) amassed, the heavy metal became banned from several products, such as automotive gasoline and paint. However, Pb bullets are still used for hunting big game animals in most of the world. Although regulatory bans of Pb bullets may appear optimal solutions, stakeholders have reasons to oppose them, favor them, or lie somewhere in between. As the problem has transformed from biophysical to socioecological, we employed a wicked problem lens to dissect the discourse and help inspire targeted solutions. Herein, we identified and critically analyzed 4 relevant traits of a wicked problem: multiple stakeholders are involved, disagreement on a definition, unique nature, and being a symptom of a larger problem. To minimize the impact of these traits, our analysis suggests that voluntary Pb free ammunition programs are more likely to soothe conflict among stakeholders, enable collaborative action upon agreeing on common values, and promote programs tailored to the local landscape of sociopolitical power and values.
Swiss Cooperative Law: Driver or Obstacle to Cooperative Growth?
Authors: Fabrizio Nadja 
Published: July 2024

AbstractToday’s cooperative law is still characterized by the typical self-help cooperative. The most distinctive feature compared to other forms of companies is the purpose of the cooperative, which also determines other characteristic features, such as financing. Well-known, large companies have developed in Switzerland on the basis of cooperative law. However, there are hardly any new companies founded in the legal form of a cooperative today. This chapter examines the question of whether cooperative law is designed in such a way that it tends to promote or inhibit cooperative growth. It concludes that—on the one hand—today's cooperative law offers potential for (slowly, but rather sustainable) specifically cooperative growth: in terms of members, assets, market shares and profit. On the other hand, with a view to areas that are classically considered essential for growth (especially purpose and financing), Swiss cooperative law is more of an obstacle. Concrete proposals on how cooperative law could be made more growth-friendly are critically examined. The chapter concludes that the challenge here is to remove obstacles to growth without sacrificing essential characteristics of the cooperative, for this could eventually lead to the cooperative's raison d'être as a separate legal form being called into question.
Safe and Reliable AI for Autonomous Systems
Authors: Plinge Axel , Kontes Georgios , Rietsch Sebastian , Mutschler Christopher 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA big challenge in implementing autonomous systems using reinforcement learning in a way to be used in the real world is to make them dependable, i.e., explainable and reliable. Automated and autonomous driving poses one of the biggest challenges to the development of artificial intelligence (AI), as it is technically demanding to solve the tasks involved in order to make a car act autonomously in real-world situations. However, unless autonomous systems become truly safe and dependable, they cannot be deployed in a real-world setup. Operating autonomous vehicles not only efficiently but also safely and reliably is even more challenging. This chapter explains several unique and innovative methods to illustrate dependable reinforcement learning in autonomous vehicles.
Optimization of Underground Train Systems
Authors: Hager Lukas , Kuen Tobias 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis chapter presents two approaches for enhancing the sustainability and efficiency of underground train systems. The first approach focuses on the optimization of DC railway power systems, employing a novel Mixed-Integer Quadratically Constrained Quadratic Program (MIQCQP) to control substation feed-in voltages effectively. By minimizing energy losses, this optimization approach demonstrates substantial potential for cost and emission reduction, contributing to a more energy-efficient underground train network. Validation results confirm the accuracy of the proposed model, and realistic instances reveal significant energy savings. The second approach deals with energy-efficient timetabling, a critical aspect in reducing the environmental impact of railway operations. The presented approach seeks to minimize energy consumption through the implementation of two key strategies: promoting energy-efficient driving patterns and optimizing recuperated energy from braking. Leveraging operational data, including power consumption profiles and travel time distributions, the optimization methods demonstrate remarkable potential in reducing energy consumption, subsequently leading to lower electricity costs and environmental benefits. This chapter is largely based on previous work of Hager and Koop on optimization of DC railway power systems and of Bärmann et al. [1] on energy-efficient timetabling.
Coherence in Initial Class Teacher Education in Croatia – Student Teachers’ Perspective
Authors: Domović Vlatka , Knežević Željka , Cvikić Lidija 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSince 2005/2006, class teachers in Croatia have been educated in five-year integrated university study programmes (300 ECTS, MA level). The rationale behind this was the growing complexity of the class teacher's role. A more coherent curriculum was aimed for in order to avoid fragmentation between subject-matter content knowledge, pedagogical-content knowledge, and general pedagogical knowledge. Considering that the perspectives of students and of experts developing the programme can differ significantly, this paper analyses the student teacher perspective on the coherence of different parts of the study programme. The participants (N = 75) were students in their final semester of the programme for class teachers at the University of Zagreb. The questionnaire used in the research was previously developed within the Erasmus+ project ConnecTEd. From the observed components of coherence, students perceived the connections between content taught within particular courses as highest, and teacher educators’ knowledge of the programme contents in its entirety as lowest. Further, students did not recognise university-based courses and school-based teaching practice as being sufficiently coherent. The results indicate the need for improvement of the existing programme, starting with the inclusion of all stakeholders in the development of a common vision on learning, teaching, and aims of teacher education.
Study on Seismic Response Mechanism of Continuous Rigid Frame Composite Girder Bridge of High-Speed Rail
Authors: Liang Gangyi , Liu Zunwen , Li Xingjing , Song Hong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn order to explore the earthquake response mechanism of continuous rigid frame composite girder bridge of high-speed railway, based on a rigid frame bridge of high-speed railway in northwest China and combined with the characteristics of CRTS type I double block non-ballast track structure, three continuous rigid frame composite girder bridge models were established, which considered the constraints of track and subsequent structure, only considering the constraints of track and no considering the constraints of track. The seismic response of structural systems is studied by using response spectrum method. The results show that the track constraint effect reduces the natural vibration period of the structure, and the subsequent structure has a inhibition effect on the seismic response of the track system, which is 4.18%. At the top beam joint of the transition pier, the change of pier height has a significant effect on the seismic response of the track. With the increase of pier height, the maximum rail stress of model 1 and model 2 increases by 50% and 65%, respectively. Under the constraint of track, when the height of rigid frame pier is 28% different from that of simple beam pier, the seismic internal forces of the two piers are equal. When the height of rigid frame pier is greater than 28%, the transition pier is the main energy-consuming rod, and when the height of rigid frame pier is less than 28%, the rigid frame pier is the main energy-consuming rod. Therefore, for bridge types with different pier heights, corresponding design reinforcement measures should be taken at the bottom of the transition pier and rigid frame pier respectively.
Solid Analysis of Torsional Effects on Small Radius Steel Plate Composite Beams Based on ABAQUS
Authors: Liu Xin , Tang Guoxi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn recent years, steel-mixed composite structures have been widely adopted in China, especially in projects such as urban overpasses and viaducts where steel plate composite girder bridges are widely used. However, the research on small radius steel plate composite curved girder bridges is relatively limited, and the theory of structural stress characteristics and computational analysis is lagging behind. It is found that the radius of curvature has a small effect on the torsional stress of the bridge top plate, but the torsional stress of the steel main girder is higher; the torsional stress of the steel main girder rises with the increase of the computed span diameter, and the concrete slab has a smaller effect; the number of steel girders has a small effect on the torsional stress of the bridge top plate but a significant effect on the steel main girder torsional stress. The results of the study can provide a reliable reference for future projects.
Research on the Accuracy of Lateral Force Coefficient of Pavement Anti-skid
Authors: Chen Lei , Li Da , Jiang Jile , Liu Lu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn order to improve the accuracy of road surface anti slip detection, the six component force testing method is applied to optimize the measurement method of the single wheel lateral force coefficient tester used for road surface anti slip detection, and to eliminate the interference of static factor uncertainty, the comparison of experimental data has proven the rationality and feasibility of the method, providing a basis for further improving the accuracy of pavement anti slip detection.
Analysis of Parking Lots Site Selection for the 2024 Chengdu World Horticultural Exposition
Authors: Zhan Guangjun , Liu Qin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract2024 Chengdu World Horticultural Exposition will hold from April 26th to October 28th, lasting for 184 days, estimated tourist volume reaching 5.5 million. It predicts that average daily tourists of weekdays will be approximately 29,000 and on the peak days will be expected to 97,000. The aim of this study is to plan and lay out the parking lots of the 2024 Chengdu World Horticultural Exposition in advance, in order to promote the construction of parking lot infrastructure. By analyzing the proportion of travel modes, parking lot demand, and land use around the Expo Park, a total of 7 parking lots, including a total of 8457 private parking spaces and 570 tourist/dedicated buses, are planned and arranged to meet the rigid parking demand on weekdays and weekends. The surrounding buildings and the surrounding roads would be reasonably used to set about 7500 flexible parking spaces to meet the parking demand during extreme peak days. The results of this study will provide useful information for the traffic organization in the later stage of the 2024 Chengdu World Horticultural Exposition and will greatly facilitate the smooth development of traffic organization in the later stage.
Thermal Analysis Simulation of High-Speed Train Brake Disc Based on Fluid-Solid-Thermal Coupling
Authors: Zheng Shize , Zuo Jianyong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWith the improvement of the high-speed trains, brake discs are facing a series of dangers caused by temperature. This article uses fluid-solid-thermal coupling simulation to simulate the changes in the thermal temperature of the brake disc itself under high-speed braking conditions, and studies the changes in the temperature of the surrounding environment. The surface temperature of the brake disc is mainly affected by heat conduction and heat convection. Under emergency braking conditions with an initial speed of 400 km/h, the temperature of the brake disc reaches a maximum of 829.93 ℃.