bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytopathogenic Effect of Salmonella typhi GIFU 10007 on M cells of Murine Ileal Peyer's Patches in Ligated Ileal Loops: An Ultrastructural Study
Authors: Kohbata Shunro , Yokoyama Hideaki , Yabuuchi Eiko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAn electron microscopic study revealed that, within 30 min after inoculation into the ligated ileal loop of anesthetized mice. cells of Salmonella typhi GIFU 10007 adhered to the M cell surface of Peyer's patch lymphoid follicle epithelium, and induced almost complete destruction of M cells. The M cell cytoplasms were pinched off and extruded from the epithelial lining into the luminal space together with the lymphoid cells primarily enfolded into the corresponding M cells. When two or more M cells were destroyed, a large defect in the epithelial lining was apparent, and a number of bacteria appeared near the basal lamina of the epithelial lining. These findings suggest, as far as anesthetized murine ileal loops and strain 10007 are concerned, that ileal M cells are the target cell at an early stage of S. typhi infection and the infection may further progress to deeper tissues and to the general circulation.
Characterization of an Intergroup Serological Mutant from Group II RNA Phage GA
Authors: Harigai Harumi , Furuse Kohsuke , Inokuchi Yoshio , Hirashima Akikazu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractStarting from the group II RNA phage GA which has an amber mutation in the maturation protein cistron, a spontaneous mutant of group II phage GA, whose serological and electrophoretic properties became similar to those of group I phage MS2, was isolated and analyzed. The mutant has now become sensitive to anti‐MS2 serum and resistant to anti‐GA serum. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the coat protein gene revealed that G↔A transition was the main change. The deduced amino acid sequence showed that five amino acids were substituted in the mutant, and three of the five became identical to MS2, resulting in increased molecular weight of the coat protein. However, it did not complement MS2. These results suggested that the serological change from group II phage GA type to group I phage MS2 type is induced spontaneously at high frequency by minor nucleotide changes in coat protein gene, and confirmed the previous results at the RNA level that MS2 and GA were related although the closeness between them seems somewhat remoter than that of groups III and IV (18, Inokuchi et al, unpublished data for the nucleotide sequence of group IV phage SP).
Two Monoclonal Antibodies Distinguish between Human Recombinant Interferon‐α5s Produced by Escherichia coli and by Mouse Cells
Authors: Tsukui Kazuo , Fukunaga Rikiro , Nagata Shigekazu , Ito Keizo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTwo monoclonal antibodies against human IFN‐α‐one against natural leukocyte IFN‐α and the other against recombinant human IFN‐α 2 produced in E. coli—were prepared, and designated as HT‐1, and 104‐5‐f, respectively. These monoclonal antibodies were used to examine the antigenicities of recombinant human IFN‐α5s produced by E. coli and by mouse cells. The HT‐1 antibody could bind and neutralize recombinant human IFN‐α5 synthesized in mouse cells, but not recombinant human IFN‐α5 synthesized in E. coli. On the other hand, the 104‐5‐f antibody could bind and neutralize recombinant human IFN‐α5 synthesized in E. coli but not recombinant human IFN‐α5 synthesized in mouse cells. Then these monoclonal antibodies or sheep polyclonal antibody against human IFN‐α were used to immunoprecipitate the radioactively labeled recombinant human IFN‐α5 synthesized either in E. coli or mouse cells, and analysed on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of NaDodSO4. The labeled recombinant human IFN‐α5 produced by mouse cells could be immunoprecipitated with the HT‐1 monoclonal antibody or sheep anti‐(human IFN‐α) polyclonal antibody but not with the 104‐5‐f monoclonal antibody and showed a band of Mr. 17,500 on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of NaDodSO4. On the other hand, the labeled recombinant human IFN‐α5 produced by E. coli could be immunoprecipitated with the 104‐5‐f monoclonal antibody but not with the HT‐1 monoclonal antibody and showed a band of similar Mr. on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These results indicate that the two different preparations of recombinant human IFN‐α5, one produced by mouse cells and the other in E. coli, have different epitopes on their molecules which are supposed to have the same primary amino acid sequence. Although the reason why these different epitopes are expressed on the two molecules is unclear, the results agree with our previous observation that recombinant human IFN‐α5 produced by mouse cells but not by E. coli has a slight cross reactivity on mouse cells [Fukunaga, Sokawa, and Nagata, 1984. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81: 5086–5096]. And these results may suggest the different tertiary structure between recombinant human IFN‐α5 produced in E. coli and mammalian cells.
A Study on Location of Synthetic Site Which Mainly Synthesizes and Delivers Fifth Component of Complement System In Vivo
Authors: Geng Li , Iwabuchi Kazuya , Sakai Shunnosuke , Ogasawara Masahiro , Fujita Masaki , Noguchi Munechika , Good Robert A. , Morikawa Kazuo , Onoé Kazunori 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTissue sites for synthesis of the fifth component of complement (C5) in vivo have been investigated by using allogeneic bone marrow chimeras and bone marrow chimeras which were transplanted in addition with hepatocytes. Our prior studies have demonstrated that bone marrow chimeras which had been prepared by transplanting marrow cells from C5‐sufficient donor mice into irradiated C5‐deficient recipients lacked detectable levels of C5 in the sera. However, when such potentially C5‐deficient [C5(+)→C5(−)] chimeras were introduced into their spleens by means of injections of fully dispersed single cell suspensions of hepatocytes isolated from the C5‐sufficient donor strain, they accepted the transplantation of hepatocytes for prolonged periods and developed a measurable amount of C5 in the sera. These results indicate that C5 protein in sera is not synthesized in significant amount by cells that are descendants of bone marrow cells but rather that this complement component is synthesized and delivered to the blood in vivo by somatic cells including liver cells that are not derivatives of the bone marrow.
Rabbit Autoantibodies to Actin Induced by Immunization with Modified Homologous Actins
Authors: Nishioka Mikio , Aibiki Toshiyuki , Shirai Mutsunori , Terada Soichiro , Kagawa Hiroyuki , Watanabe Seishiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractActin is a major antigen involved in the reaction of smooth muscle antibody positive sera from patients with chronic active hepatitis. In the present study, actin extracted from rabbit skeletal muscle was denatured by sodium dodecyl sulfate and was immunized into the rabbit, a homologous animal for actin. The rabbits, thus immunized, produced antibodies reactive with actins of homologous and heterologous animals. In addition, the antibodies showed reactivity with autologous actin. It indicates that the denatured homologous actin is capable of terminating immunological tolerance to actin and induces formation of autoantibody to rabbit actin. This phenomenon may be implicated in the occurrence of anti‐actin antibody in sera from patients with chronic liver disease and several other diseases.
Human Monoclonal Antibodies to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Produced by EBV‐Transformed Cells
Authors: Suzuki Hidenori , Okubo Yuichi , Moriyama Mayumi , Sasaki Manami , Matsumoto Yoshiko , Hozumi Toyoharu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractNumerous lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) which secreted antibodies against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (all Fisher's immunotypes and Homma's immunotype 1) were established by Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐transformation of lymphocytes. Five LCLs were established as long‐term culture lines and their properties were determined. These LCLs produced monoclonal antibodies to Fisher's immunotype 1 and 4 and Homma's immunotype 1, and their immunoglobulin classes were IgM, IgG, and IgA. We found that three monoclonal antibodies (G3‐1, H7‐2, and E10‐1) among them successfully protected mice from the corresponding immunotype of P. aeruginosa infection. Their protective dose (PD50) values were 0.5, 2.6, and 3.1 μg immunoglobulin/mouse. These human monoclonal antibodies against P. aeruginosa prepared by EBV‐transformation method will be a valuable aid for the treatment for severe P. aeruginosa infections.
A Serological Survey of Simian Virus 40 in Monkeys
Authors: Ichikawa Takashi , Minamoto Nobuyuki , Kinjo Toshio , Matsubayashi Nobuko , Matsubayashi Kiyoaki , Narama Isao 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA serological survey of simian virus 40 (SV 40) was conducted by an immune adherence hemagglutination (IAHA) test in breeding monkeys. Of a total of 356 monkeys tested, 168 (47.2%) were seropositive. All 168 seropositive monkeys were detected from 224 monkeys which were bred or kept in Japan for a long time. In contrast, none of the 132 monkeys which were newly imported from Southeast Asia was seropositive. If a comparison was made in the same breeding place, the positive rate of 80.4% (111/138) of Japanese monkeys was significantly (P<0.01) higher than the 59.5% (25/42) among rhesus monkeys. The positive rate and the IAHA titers were higher in older age group (>5 years) but similar in male and female. These results indicated that SV 40 was highly prevalent among breeding monkeys in Japan.
Characterization of Autoantigens Relevant to Autoimmune Ophthalmitis and Thyroiditis in Mice Immunized with the Syngeneic Tissue Extracts and Klebsiella O3 Lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Yokochi Takashi , Oka Kazuyuki , Iwata Hitoshi , Miyadai Toshiaki , Kimura Yoshinobu , Kato Nobuo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe histological localization and biochemical properties of the autoantigens relevant to experimental autoimmune ophthalmitis and thyroiditis were studied using sera from mice hyperimmunized with the corresponding tissue extract of syngeneic mice and Klebsiella O3 lipopolysaccharide (KO3 LPS) as a potent adjuvant. Specific antigens were detected in the lens of the eyeball by immunofluorescence test with sera from mice in which ophthalmitis had been induced and the antigens were lenticular proteins with molecular weights (MW) of 15,000 (15K) to 25K, and 45K. The lenticular proteins with MW of 15K to 25K correspond to the subunits of crystalline. These findings clearly demonstrated that our experimental model for autoimmune ophthalmitis was classified as the lens‐induced uveitis. The colloids of the thyroid follicles and the follicular cells were markedly stained by sera from mice in which thyroiditis had been induced. One of the autoantigens detected in the thyroid gland was biochemically consistent with a thyroglobulin subunit. It was also shown that these autoantigens detected in the present study were organ‐specific but not species‐specific. The nature of autoantigens in the eye and the thyroid gland is discussed.
Proteinase Production and Pathogenicity of Candida albicans
Authors: Shimizu Katsumi , Kondoh Yuzuru , Tanaka Kenji 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn order to investigate a role of proteinase in the pathogenesis of Candida infections, invasion of C. albicans strains of different proteinase activity into the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of developing chicks was studied. Eight strains were used after examining the inducible proteinase activity in the culture containing bovine serum albumin as the sole source of nitrogen. Six were proteinase‐producing strains (type I) and two were proteinase‐deficient ones (type II). Type I strains were subdivided into type Ia strains in which the proteinase activity persisted for a week in the in vitro culture and type Ib ones in which the enzyme activity was lost by the 7th day after inoculation. By inoculation onto CAM, the type I strains could invade the tissue in which secreted proteinase was detected on the periphery of the invading Candida cells by immunohistochemical method. At an early stage of the infection, proteinase secretion was detected on the surface of the yeast cells before their entry into the tissue. The type II strains remained on the surface of the CAM and did not invade the tissue where the secretion of the enzyme was not detected. The mortality rate of the chick embryo was not correlated with the degree of proteinase production of these strains. Two type Ib strains invaded the CAM tissue and elicited some tissue reactions by the host, yielding a low mortality rate of the chick embryos. These results suggested that the secretion of proteinase was an important factor for the invasion of CAM but other factors were also involved for the pathogenicity of C. albicans.
Proteinase Production and Pathogenicity of Candida albicans
Authors: Kondoh Yuzuru , Shimizu Katsumi , Tanaka Kenji 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe have studied the virulence for mice of Candida albicans strains with different proteinase activity in the culture. The mortality rates for mice infected with the type Ia strains, which secrete proteinase whose activity porsisted for a week in vitro, were higher than those infected with the type Ib strains, which secrete proteinase whose activity declined at 2 or 3 days in vitro and the type II proteinase‐deficient strains. This was substantiated by the number of colony‐forming units (CFU) recovered from kidneys of mice infected with C. albicans. In the kidney tissues of mice infected with the type Ia strains, extensive invasion by fungal cells and the secretion of proteinase were histologically demonstrated, while in those infected with the type Ib and II strains fungal cells were rarely found. However, the mice infected with the type Ib strain NUM 978 were an exception; the recovery of CFU from the kidney was high, but the animals survived longer. Histologically, Candida cells were not colonized but interspersed in the tissue. Type II strain NUM 584 was found to be moderately virulent when infected at a high dose. These observations indicate that the proteinase plays a role in type Ia strains but that other factors are involved in the type Ib or II strains for the establishment of pathogenicity of C. albicans.
Nucleotide Sequence of the pnd Gene in Plasmid R483 and Role of the pnd Gene Product in Plasmolysis
Authors: Ono Kenji , Akimoto Shigeru , Ohnishi Yoshinari 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe pnd gene of R plasmid R483, like the srnB gene of the F plasmid, increases the degradation of stable RNA in Escherichia coli. The nucleotide sequence of the pnd locus was determined and compared with that of the srnB locus. The genes have open reading frames that are 54% homologous, and both have an upstream inverted repeat sequence. The pnd gene expression seems to decrease the osmotic barrier of the cytoplasmic membrane, since no plasmolytic vacuoles were formed in the cells carrying the gene when the cells were exposed to hypertonic sucrose solution. This result suggests that RNase I in the periplasm passes through the altered membrane to degrade stable RNA in the cytoplasm.
Resistance of Normal Serum IgA and Secretory IgA to Bacterial IgA Proteases: Evidence for the Presence of Enzyme‐Neutralizing Antibodies in Both Serum and Secretory IgA, and Also in Serum IgG
Authors: Kobayashi Kunihiko , Fujiyama Yoshihide , Hagiwara Keiji , Kondoh Hozumi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractNormal serum IgA and secretory IgA (sIgA) of subclass IgA1 were isolated from pooled human serum and milk, respectively. They were tested for their susceptibility to bacterial IgA proteases from Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Neisseria meningitidis that cleave IgA of only the IgA1 subclass. They were also tested for susceptibility to a novel IgA‐protease from Clostridium ramosum that cleaves IgA of the IgA1 as well as the IgA2 subclass of the A2m(1) allotype. Both normal serum IgA1 and sIgA1 exhibited resistance to most IgA proteases. The one exception was the IgA protease from C. ramosum which readily cleaved both the serum IgA1 and sIgA1 into Fab and Fc fragments. Secretory component (SC) had nothing to do with the resistance of these IgAs. The resistance of these IgAs to most of the IgA proteases was found to be due to their enzyme‐neutralizing antibody activity, since the Fab but not the Fc fragment of sIgA1 showed enzyme‐inhibitory activity against these IgA proteases. Similar enzyme‐neutralizing antibody activity was found in the pepsin‐digested normal serum IgG‐(Fab')2 fragment. These results indicate that the induction of the enzyme‐neutralizing antibodies against the bacterial IgA proteases took place not only in mucosal sIgA but also in serum IgA and IgG. No enzyme‐neutralizing antibody activity against the novel IgA‐protease of C. ramosum was detected in any immunoglobulin preparations used in the present study or in the serum of a patient who carries the IgA protease‐producing strain of C. ramosum in his feces.
Chondroitin Sulfate‐Depolymerizing Activity in Streptococcus intermedius and Other Streptococci
Authors: Osano Etsuo , Hibi Eiko , Ozeki Masami , Fujii Yoshiro , Moriyama Takafumi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe type strain (ATCC 27335) and 18 human oral isolates of Streptococcus intermedius and some other related streptococcal species were tested for chondroitin sulfate C‐depolymerizing activity employing a modified screening plate method of Smith and Willett. As the results, S. intermedius strains except for ATCC 31412 strain were found to possess this activity. Propionibacterium acnes ATCC 11828 used as a positive control strain demonstrated strong activity, whereas S. intermedius strains showed only slightly detectable activity. This finding might be interesting in view of the classification of this species as well as its pathogenicity.
Protection against Campylobacter jejuni Infection in Suckling Mice by Anti‐Flagellar Antibody
Authors: Ueki Yuji , Umeda Akiko , Fujimoto Shuji , Mitsuyama Masao , Amako Kazunobu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe obtained two monoclonal antibodies of IgM class and IgA class of immunoglobulin prepared from mouse spleen cells immunized with crude flagellar preparation, and a polyclonal antibody raised against purified flagellin monomer of Campylobacter jejuni in a rabbit. The specificity of the reaction of these antibodies for flagellar filament was confirmed by Western blotting and by immunoelectron microscopy. These antibodies caused agglutination of the bacteria and inhibited the motility of the bacteria. When a strain of C. jejuni was treated with IgM class monoclonal antibody before being inoculated into suckling mice, it reduced colonization of the intestinal tract by this bacteria. Inhibition of the colonization by IgA class monoclonal antibody was less effective than that of IgM class, and the polyclonal antibody consisting mostly of IgG class immunoglobulin was without effect.
Effect of Histamine and Antihistamines on Interleukin‐1 Production by Human Monocytes
Authors: Manosroi Jiradej , Manosroi Aranya , Vithayasai Vicharn 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis study was carried out on the effect of histamine hydrochloride and its antagonists on the production of interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated adherent human monocytes (AHM) from normal healthy blood donors. IL‐1 activity was evaluated by incorporation of [3H]‐thymidine in mouse thymocytes in samples of 1:3 dilution. The result indicated that histamine hydrochloride significantly suppressed IL‐1 production by AHM at 10−3 m and 10−10 m in 14 donors with maximal suppression observed at 10−3 m. A 1‐hr incubation with histamine hydrochloride (10−3 m) before addition of LPS was found to be appropriate. Cimetidine, an H2‐antagonist at 10−3 m, 10−5 m, and 10−7 m significantly inhibited the effect of histamine hydrochloride (10−3 m) and gave maximum inhibition at 10−5 m, whereas chlorpheniramine maleate, and H1‐antagonist had no significant inhibitory effect at the concentrations studied (10−4 m, 10−5 m, and 10−7 m). Histamine hydrochloride (10−3 m) added alone had no significant suppressive effect, while cimetidine (10−5 m) alone had a significant stimulatory effect on IL‐1 production by AHM.
Augmentation of Killer Activity of Murine Spleen Cells against Allogeneic and Syngeneic Tumor Cells by Inoculation of Alloantigen in vivo
Authors: Nishi Yasuaki , Hosokawa Tomohide , Aoike Akira , Kamahora Takeshi , Sudo Hiromasa , Kawai Keiichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAfter C57BL/6 (B6) mice were inoculated with BALB/c spleen cells via tail vein, kinetics of cytotoxic activities in the B6 mice against sensitizing alloantigens (H‐2d) and against syngeneic antigens were investigated using, as target cells, P815 mastocytoma cells (H‐2d) and B16 melanoma cells (H‐2b). Cytotoxic activity against P815 in the B6 spleen cells reached a peak 3 days after alloantigen inoculation, decreased drastically on day 5 and rose again thereafter. The profile of anti‐B16 cytotoxic activity was similar to that of anti‐P815 activity. The cytotoxic activity against P815 was inhibited partially by cold B16, but that against B16 was not inhibited by cold P815. Surface phenotype of cytotoxic cells against P815 was Lyt2+, Thyl+, Asialo GM1+ and that of cytotoxic cells against B16 was Lyt2−, Thyl+/−, and Asialo GMl+. The results indicate that inoculation of B6 mice with allogeneic BALB/c spleen cells induce two types of cytotoxic cells; one is similar to lymphokine‐activated killer (LAK) cells and the other is activated natural killer cells.
An Ultrastructural Study of HeLa Cell Invasion with Salmonella typhi GIFU 10007
Authors: Yokoyama Hideaki , Ikedo Masanari , Kohbata Shunro , Ezaki Takayuki , Yabuuchi Eiko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractScanning electron micrograph of HeLa S3 monolayered cells, inoculated with viable bacteria of a Salmonella typhi strain GIFU 10007, revealed that the extended microvilli tangled the bacteria within 10 min after inoculation. The micrographs of HeLa cells, at 1 hr after inoculation, indicate the following: shortening of bacterium‐attached microvilli, subsiding of tangled bacteria into microvilli bush, and then attachment of bacterial soma to cell surface making the cell membrane depressed. The transmission electron micrographs, at 1 hr after inoculation, demonstrated the findings of interaction between HeLa cell and S. typhi 10007, similar to those observed on scanning electron micrographs. Hair‐like fine structures from the soma of challenge organisms were also observed. They were in contact with HeLa cell microvilli and cell membrane. The bacteria were first partially and then totally surrounded by the HeLa cell plasma membrane. One, two, or several bacteria with intact outer membrane were enclosed in intracytoplasmic membrane‐bound vacuoles. Fragmented vacuolar membrane was still visible around the intracellularly accumulated bacteria at 24 hr after inoculation. The viable cells of S. typhi 10007 are regarded as internalizing into HeLa cells by a process of endocytosis and to multiply within the membrane‐bound vacuoles.
High Levels of Anti‐Mitochondrial Antibodies in MRL Mice Influence of Anti‐DNA Antibodies on Anti‐Mitochondrial Antibodies Measured by an Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Authors: Ohshio Gakuji , Furukawa Fukumi , Yoshioka Hideyuki , Taki Yoshiro , Manabe Tadao , Ozawa Kazue , Tobe Takayoshi , Hamashima Yoshihiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe developed an easy enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for anti‐mitochondrial antibodies, and detected high levels of anti‐mitochondrial antibodies in MRL/Mp‐lpr/lpr (MRL 1/1) mice. The influence of the presence of anti‐DNA antibodies in the tested sera on this assay was also evaluated. The monoclonal anti‐DNA antibodies, which were made from non‐immunized MRL 1/1 mice, did not react with the mitochondrial antigens adhering to polystyrene plates. Absorption with DNA had little effect on the levels of mitochondrial antibodies in MRL 1/1 sera. Our assay for mitochondria‐binding antibody was very easy and sensitive, although it could not differentiate among heterogeneous anti‐mitochondrial antibodies.