bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Receptors and Other Signaling Proteins Required for Serotonin Control of Locomotion inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Gürel Güliz , Gustafson Megan A , Pepper Judy S , Horvitz H Robert , Koelle Michael R 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of signaling by the neurotransmitter serotonin is required to assess the hypothesis that defects in serotonin signaling underlie depression in humans. Caenorhabditis elegans uses serotonin as a neurotransmitter to regulate locomotion, providing a genetic system to analyze serotonin signaling. From large-scale genetic screens we identified 36 mutants of C. elegans in which serotonin fails to have its normal effect of slowing locomotion, and we molecularly identified eight genes affected by 19 of the mutations. Two of the genes encode the serotonin-gated ion channel MOD-1 and the G-protein-coupled serotonin receptor SER-4. mod-1 is expressed in the neurons and muscles that directly control locomotion, while ser-4 is expressed in an almost entirely non-overlapping set of sensory and interneurons. The cells expressing the two receptors are largely not direct postsynaptic targets of serotonergic neurons. We analyzed animals lacking or overexpressing the receptors in various combinations using several assays for serotonin response. We found that the two receptors act in parallel to affect locomotion. Our results show that serotonin functions as an extrasynaptic signal that independently activates multiple receptors at a distance from its release sites and identify at least six additional proteins that appear to act with serotonin receptors to mediate serotonin response.
Pulse Polymerized Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Electrodes For Solid-State Supercapacitors with Ionic Liquid Gel Polymer Electrolyte
Authors: Pandey G. P. , Rastogi A. C. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTPoly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) electrodes are prepared by a novel ultrashort galvanic pulse electropolymerization technique for application in solid-state supercapacitors. Microstructure studies using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) show that PEDOT electrodes deposited by pulse polymerization are highly porous as compared to the conventional potentiostatic polymerization. In addition, as revealed by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies in the PEDOT films formed by pulse polymerization, the polymer chains are fully conjugated with the dopant ClO4- ions. Solid-state supercapacitor cells using pulse polymerized PEDOT electrodes and ionic liquid gel polymer electrolyte were fabricated and characterized. The impedance spectroscopy studies show that the pulse polymerized PEDOT electrode have specific capacitance value of ∼ 65 F g-1 as compared to ∼52 F g-1for potentiostatically polymerized PEDOT and significantly lower interfacial and charge transfer resistance. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge characterization show highly capacitive behavior of the supercapacitor cells in the solid-state configuration.
Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Overall Survival Comparing 3 mg/kg Ipilimumab With Alternative Therapies in the Management of Pretreated Patients With Unresectable Stage III or IV Melanoma
Authors: Dequen Pascale , Lorigan Paul , Jansen Jeroen P. , Baardewijk Marc , Ouwens Mario J.N.M. , Kotapati Srividya 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjective.To compare the overall survival (OS) of patients treated with 3 mg/kg ipilimumab versus alternative systemic therapies in pretreated unresectable stage III or IV melanoma patients.Methods.A systematic literature search was performed to identify relevant randomized clinical trials. From these trials, Kaplan–Meier survival curves for each intervention were digitized and combined by means of a Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) to compare different drug classes.Results.Of 38 trials identified, 15 formed one interlinked network by drug class to allow for an NMA. Ipilimumab, at a dose of 3 mg/kg, was associated with a greater mean OS time (18.8 months; 95% credible interval [CrI], 15.5–23.0 months) than single-agent chemotherapy (12.3 months; 95% CrI, 6.3–28.0 months), chemotherapy combinations (12.2 months; 95% CrI, 7.1–23.3 months), biochemotherapies (11.9 months; 95% CrI, 7.0–22.0 months), single-agent immunotherapy (11.1 months; 95% CrI, 8.5–16.2 months), and immunotherapy combinations (14.1 months; 95% CrI, 9.0–23.8 months).Conclusion.Results of this NMA were in line with previous findings and suggest that OS with ipilimumab is expected to be greater than with alternative systemic therapies, alone or in combination, for the management of pretreated patients with unresectable stage III or IV melanoma.
Oxygen Saturation of Hemoglobin in Healthy Children of 2- 14 Years at High Altitude in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha S , Shrestha S , Shrestha L , Bhandary N 
Published: October 2012

Background Individuals residing at higher altitude may have oxygen saturation of hemoglobin different to those living at lower altitude. # Objectives To find out the baseline value of SpO2 in healthy Nepali children (2-14 years) living permanently at high altitude using pulse oximeter and also to study the relation of SpO2 with age, sex and ethnicity. Methods A descriptive observational study was conducted at 4 different altitudes ranging from 2700 to 3800 m in Mustang district. The mean pulse oximery values at different altitudes were calculated and compared. Results One hundred six children were enrolled with the median age of 10 years. The mean SpO2 value of children permanently residing at altitude 2700m was 95.18%, at 2800m was 94.82%, at 3550m was 94.1% and 3800m was 93.1%.The difference in the SpO2 values at different altitude was statistically significant. No sex or age wise differences were noted on the mean SpO2 values in the study group. Conclusions The mean SpO2 values were higher than several other studies done in the altitude above 2500 meters. Enrollment of older children and the different ethnic background could be the contributing factors for the differences. KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY MEDICAL JOURNAL VOL.10 | NO. 1 | ISSUE 37 | JAN - MAR 2012 | 40-43 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v10i1.6912
Progeria : Pathogenesis and Oral Manifestation- A Review
Authors: Saigal S , Bhargava A 
Published: October 2012

Our life span is genetically programmed and it is possible that a defect in produced proteins encoded by the ‘longevity’ gene is a cause of aging. Progeria which is a rare, fatal genetic condition which affects between one in four million and one in eight million children of both sexes equally and characterized by premature and accelerated aging. The appearance and physiology of these children resembles to elderly people but they typically have life span to their mid teens. It is also known as the Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome, which was initially reported by Johnathan Hutchinson in 1886 and further described by Hastings Gilford in 1904. It is an autosomal recessive disorder, which means an individual has inherited a mutated gene from both parents. It is added to the expanding catalogue of ‘laminopathies’, diseases caused by mutations affecting nuclear lamina proteins known as lamin A (LMNA). In oral manifestation primary finding is micrognathia with delayed tooth eruption and incomplete formation of root of permanent tooth. Presently there are no known cures for this abnormality. KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY MEDICAL JOURNAL VOL.10 | NO. 1 | ISSUE 37 | JAN - MAR 2012 | 72-76 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v10i1.6919
Bilateral High-Origin Anterior Tibial Arteries and Its Clinical Importance
Authors: Sharma K , Haque MK , Mansur DI 
Published: October 2012

Reported here is a case of bilateral high - origin anterior tibial arteries as detected during routine dissection of a 40 years old male cadaver at the Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Kavre District, Nepal. The aim of the present study was to underline the clinical importance of high origin of anterior tibial artery from the popliteal artery.The high origin anterior tibial artery from the popliteal artery and its relations with the popliteus muscle is an important anatomical variation which should be paid attention during knee joint surgery, total knee arthroplasty and angiographic evaluations. KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY MEDICAL JOURNAL VOL.10 | NO. 1 | ISSUE 37 | JAN - MAR 2012 | 88-90 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v10i1.6923
The Same as a Private Home? Social Clubs, Public Drinking, and Liquor Control in Ontario, 1934–1944
Authors: Malleck Dan 
Published: October 2012

Abstract: Along with regulating the sales of liquor in provincial stores, overseeing the manufacture of alcohol, and inspecting the public drinking establishments in the province, the Liquor Control Board of Ontario issued beverage licences to private clubs. This paper examines the challenges of regulating the activities of drinkers in semi-private spaces and asks how the lcbo applied the notion of public space to establishments that were not entirely public. The legislation permitting drinking in clubs appears to have been based upon a narrow idea of the elite social club. The administrators of the board quickly found that the residents of the province saw socialization in a variety of forms. In keeping with its regulatory activities in the public drinking establishments, the lcbo attempted to address individual challenges and problems based upon the unique characteristics of each club. It assessed club management, the type of clientele, and the activities of the club. It then evaluated whether certain transgressions or special dispensations would present a challenge to social order. In effect, the nuanced evaluation and careful application of the rules characterized the regulation of semi-private drinking in the province of Ontario. The article argues that, in contrast to Habermas's idea that the development of a public sphere resulted in freer public discussion and debate, in the lcbo regulatory activities, the term public implied an added responsibility to behave in certain constrained ways. At least when having a drink.
Does mycorrhizal specificity affect orchid decline and rarity?
Authors: Bailarote Bruno Cachapa , Lievens Bart , Jacquemyn Hans 
Published: October 2012

• Premise of the study: Orchids rely on mycorrhizal fungi for seed germination, and many species maintain associations during later stages in their life cycle. Because of the critical dependence of orchids on fungi it has been suggested that the degree of mycorrhizal specificity may be associated with rarity and long‐term survival of orchid species, especially in highly degraded or fragmented landscapes. To test this hypothesis, we compared mycorrhizal communities in two species that differed significantly in decline in Belgium and other parts of Europe.• Methods: Mycorrhizal associations were investigated in five populations of Anacamptis morio and Dactylorhiza fuchsii in Belgium. ITS‐based DNA arrays were used for simultaneous detection and identification of a wide range of basidiomycetous mycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhizal specificity, measured as phylogenetic diversity, was assessed for each population and compared between species.• Key results: For both species, the degree of phylogenetic relatedness of the mycorrhizal partners was low, and both species were associated with a large number of fungal lineages related to clades of the Tulasnellaceae family. Contrary to expectations, the species that was apparently resilient to decline was associated with fewer fungal operational taxonomical units than the declining species was, and the phylogenetic relatedness of mycorrhizal communities among populations was higher in the stable than in the declining orchid.• Conclusions: Although our results do not present detailed insights into the causes of orchid persistence, they do suggest that orchid rarity and persistence are not necessarily related to fungal diversity and that other factors may be more important in determining orchid persistence.
Les sommets très privés de l'État
Authors: Gervais Julie 
Published: October 2012

Résumé L’article interroge l’idée d’une opposition entre les hauts fonctionnaires français et les prestataires privés de services et la thèse selon laquelle la résistance des grands corps aurait ralenti la pénétration des consultants au sein de l’administration centrale. À partir de l’étude d’un club qui encourage et révèle dans le même temps les entrecroisements et les inter- connexions entre ces deux groupes, l’enquête éclaire les modalités par lesquelles des médiateurs situés à la frontière des sphères publique et privée, autorisent et accompagnent l’acclimatation, au sein de l’État, de logiques, d’intérêts, de valeurs, de catégories d’entendement et de dispositifs souvent pensés comme spécifiques au champ économique. Faire la sociologie de ces intermédiaires et éclairer les liens que nouent ces deux groupes permet de ne pas opposer de manière simplificatrice l’État au marché et donne à analyser la manière dont ils s’interpénètrent pour « évangéliser » le secteur public et former, ensemble, l’élite de l’administration.
« On n'y comprend rien »
Authors: Sorignet Pierre-Emmanuel 
Published: October 2012

Résumé	L’entreprise de modernisation de l’audiovisuel public opérée tant en Europe de l’Ouest qu’en Europe de l’Est ces dix dernières années reflète des réalités différentes mais s’inscrit dans un mouvement général d’adaptation à la dynamique technologique et de l’injonction à la maîtrise des finances publiques. Les cabinets de conseil en stratégie et réorganisation, forts de leur expérience dans le secteur privé, sont largement mobilisés pour apporter de nouvelles méthodes de management dans les groupes publics. Ce texte repose sur une enquête réalisée auprès des personnels et représentants du personnel au cours des années 2000 autour du projet réorganisation d’un grand groupe de médias européen. Cet article propose de réfléchir, à travers la réception par les différents protagonistes de ce projet de réorganisation, à la réalité des effets de la violence symbolique produite conjointement par les cabinets de conseil en stratégie et certains des hauts cadres dirigeants du groupe public, véritables instigateurs de la réforme en cours.
Les comptes des générations
Authors: Le Lann Yann , Lemoine Benjamin 
Published: October 2012

Résumé L’article étudie l’imposition des « générations futures » comme catégorie sociale nouvelle réorganisant les comptes de l’État et des finances publiques. Les usages qui sont faits des générations futures dans les rapports d’expertise et les querelles bureaucratiques nationales et européennes confèrent une consistance à cette catégorie flottante. À travers la nouvelle comptabilité des engagements de l’État, la « génération » devient peu à peu un groupe social reconnu à l’aune duquel sont désormais évaluées les politiques économiques et budgétaires. La multiplication de la référence aux générations futures contribue, au détriment des catégories socioprofessionnelles (CSP), à l’objectivation d’une catégorie absente des débats sur la politique économique jusqu’aux années 1970. Les générations futures, en tant que nouvelle catégorie légitime de partage du monde social, stabilisée dans différents espaces, qu’ils soient de nature bureaucratique, comp- table ou médiatique, constituent le véhicule d’une reformulation des politiques de la protection sociale et des finances publiques et légitiment les conceptions libérales de l’État. L’irruption des générations impose progressivement une mise en compte de l’État qui fait de la soutenabilité future des dépenses publiques un souci permanent du présent.
Biomechanical Comparison of Endplate Forces Generated by Uniaxial Screws and Monoaxial Pedicle Screws
Authors: Essig David A. , Miller Christopher P. , Xiao Ming , Ivancic Paul , Jegede Kola , Badrinath Raghav , Smith Brian G. , Grauer Jonathan N. 
Published: October 2012

Current surgical treatment of idiopathic scoliosis involves the use of various segmental instrumentation. Various pedicle screws have allowed for improved correction. Although monoaxial screws have improved rotational control compared with polyaxial screws, their use may increase screw–bone interface or vertebral endplate forces if not inserted in an exactly straight trajectory. Uniaxial screws potentially decrease these forces while retaining the advantages of monoaxial screws with respect to better rotational control. The purpose of this study was to compare the vertebral endplate forces with monoaxial or uniaxial screws when being reduced to a rod. Thirty-two plastic, surrogate T11 vertebrae were prepared with monoaxial (n=16) or uniaxial (n=16) screws. Screw angles relative to inferior vertebral endplates were assessed with lateral radiographs. The vertebrae were fixed to a load cell, and loads were measured as the screw was reduced to a rod. Monoaxial screws demonstrated a linear progression of endplate force with increasing screw angle. Uniaxial screws demonstrated minimal endplate force until approximately 20°, coinciding with screwhead excursion angle. As this maximum excursion angle was passed, uniaxial screws demonstrated a force slope similar to the monoaxial screws.
The measured endplate forces should be equivalent to forces at the screw–bone interface. The reduced force with uniaxial screws is expected to have less cranial–caudal plow potential as the screw is coupled to a rod for deformity correction. This could have potential implications for screw failure, especially in less dense bone.
Bone Impaction Grafting of the Lateral Femoral Condyle in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Jiang Jimmy J. , Hussain Waqas M. , Bielski Robert J. 
Published: October 2012

Avascular necrosis of the femoral condyle is an uncommon but serious sequela in patients who have received chemotherapy or corticosteroid treatment. The optimal treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral condyles in pediatric patients is not well established. Nonoperative management has had limited long-term success, and many of the surgical procedures available for adults, including core decompression, osteotomy, and femur resurfacing, are undesirable in skeletally immature patients with open physes.
This article describes a case of a 7-year-old girl with acute lymphocytic leukemia who developed avascular necrosis of the lateral femoral condyle that was treated with bone impaction grafting. The patient experienced right knee pain and swelling shortly after the initiation of chemotherapy. The radiological studies obtained showed subchondral collapse of the lateral femoral condyle. After a course of nonoperative management failed to improve symptoms, she underwent bone impaction allografting of the lateral femoral condyle using a physis-sparing approach. More than 5 years postoperatively, she has achieved excellent clinical results. Postoperative imaging of the knee has also confirmed good integration of the bone graft, an open physis, and preservation of the articular surface. This technique is a relatively less invasive surgical procedure for the treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral condyle in a pediatric patient.
Navigated Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Radiographic Validation of a Nonimage-based System
Authors: Jenny Jean-Yves , Abane Lamine 
Published: October 2012

The authors compared the intraoperative navigated measurements of the location of the tibial and femoral tunnels during arthroscopic-assisted anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction to the postoperative measurements performed on standard plain radiographs in 56 patients. The position of the center of the tibial and femoral tunnels was measured intraoperatively with the OrthoPilot (B. Braun Aesculap, Tuttlingen, Germany) and postoperatively on plain anteroposterior and lateral radiographs.
The center of the tibial tunnel was located at 43% of the mediolateral tibial dimension intraoperatively and at 41% of the mediolateral tibial dimension postoperatively (P=.14). The center of the tibial tunnel tibial was located at 40% of the anteroposterior tibial dimension intraoperatively and at 35% of the anteroposterior tibial dimension postoperatively (P=.01). The center of the femoral tunnel was located at 85% of the anteroposterior femoral dimension intraoperatively and at 76% of the anteroposterior femoral dimension postoperatively (P<.001). A significant correlation was found between intraoperative navigated and postoperative radiographic measurements only at the femur. Good agreement existed between all navigated and radiographic measurements. The OrthoPilot navigation system allows an accurate measurement of the location of the tibial and femoral tunnels during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
Représentations de la forêt et répercussions sur la gestion des ressources forestières au Sénégal
Authors: Diop Mamadou , Sambou Bienvenu , Ly Boubacar 
Published: October 2012

En Afrique, les programmes de gestion des ressources naturelles forestières ont souvent des difficultés pour donner les résultats escomptés. La plupart des concepteurs de ces programmes ne perçoivent généralement de la forêt que la fonctionnalité et la nécessité d’une utilisation rationnelle de ses ressources. Ils négligent souvent les dimensions symboliques qui pourtant influent sur les rapports des populations avec la nature environnante. C’est ainsi que cet article cherche à comprendre les représentations que les populations se font de la Forêt classée de Patako ainsi que les répercussions possibles sur la gestion de ses ressources. Les données collectées ont révélé que pour 23,5 % des populations interrogées la forêt n’est qu’une brousse. Pour 23 %, elle représente un bien de l’État. 20,7 % la perçoivent comme des terres de culture soustraites de leurs terroirs villageois et seuls 13,4 % des populations pensent que la forêt classée est un espace boisé appartenant aux villages riverains. La forêt classée est aussi représentée dans les textes d’entretien comme foreb buur (forêt de l’État), foreb ñépp (forêt de tout le monde) ou comme xeewëlu Yàlla (don divin). S’agissant de l’appropriation des ressources de la forêt classée, 61,8 % des populations interrogées pensent que ces dernières appartiennent à l’État et seuls 16,6 % pensent qu’elles appartiennent aux populations locales. Ces représentations ont engendré des attitudes difficilement compatibles avec une gestion intégrée des ressources naturelles en ce sens qu’elles traduisent un affaiblissement de l’appropriation de la forêt par les riverains.
REFINED HYDRODYNAMIC MODELLING OF THE GIRONDE ESTUARY, FRANCE
Authors: Huybrechts Nicolas , Van Lan Anh , Hervouet Jean-Michel , Villaret Catherine 
Published: October 2012

In the centre of the Gironde estuary, EDF exploits a power plant. A hydrodynamic model is required to prevent different risks. Indeed, accurate water levels and velocity field are needed for flood control, sediment transport and associated deposition and transport of algae or pollutant. In order to enhance the accuracy of the hydrodynamic results and to tend to a fully predictive model, two attempts have been envisaged. The first one focuses on the tide imposed at the border by a combination of different harmonic waves whose constant harmonics are extracted from a tide model. Harmonic constants from different tide models have been compared and the influence of the harmonics number have been studied. The second attempt focuses on the friction coefficient. The values of the friction coefficient have been calibrated and compared to values predicted by the equation of van Rijn 2007.
With the calibrated values, the differences between the measured and computed water levels are less than 10 cm.
With the predictive friction formula, limited accuracy losses have been observed, which demonstrates the feasibility of using van Rijn formula for a configuration such as the Gironde.