bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased neuronal expression of neurokinin‐1 receptor and stimulus‐evoked internalization of the receptor in the rostral ventromedial medulla of the rat after peripheral inflammatory injury
Authors: Hamity Marta V. , Walder Roxanne Y. , Hammond Donna L. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThis study examined possible mechanisms by which Substance P (Sub P) assumes a pronociceptive role in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) under conditions of peripheral inflammatory injury, in this case produced by intraplantar (ipl) injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). In saline‐ and CFA‐treated rats, neurokinin‐1 receptor (NK1R) immunoreactivity was localized to neurons in the RVM. Four days after ipl injection of CFA, the number of NK1R‐immunoreactive neurons in the RVM was increased by 30%, and there was a concomitant increase in NK1R‐immunoreactive processes in CFA‐treated rats. Although NK1R immunoreactivity was increased, tachykinin‐1 receptor (Tacr1) mRNA was not increased in the RVM of CFA‐treated rats. To assess changes in Sub P release, the number of RVM neurons that exhibited NK1R internalization was examined in saline‐ and CFA‐treated rats following noxious heat stimulation of the hind paws. Only CFA‐treated rats that experienced noxious heat stimulation exhibited a significant increase in the number of neurons showing NK1R internalization. These data suggest that tonic Sub P release is not increased as a simple consequence of peripheral inflammation, but that phasic or evoked release of Sub P in the RVM is increased in response to noxious peripheral stimulation in a persistent inflammatory state. These data support the proposal that an upregulation of the NK1R in the RVM, as well as enhanced release of Sub P following noxious stimulation, underlie the pronociceptive role of Sub P under conditions of persistent inflammatory injury. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:3037–3051, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Abnormal lateral geniculate nucleus and optic chiasm in human albinism
Authors: Mcketton Larissa , Kelly Krista R. , Schneider Keith A. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTOur objective was to measure how the misrouting of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) fibers affects the organization of the optic chiasm and lateral geniculate nuclei (LGN) in human albinism. We compared the chiasmal structures and the LGN in both pigmented controls and patients with albinism by using high‐resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We studied 12 patients with oculocutaneous albinism and 12 age‐matched pigmented controls. Using a 3T MRI scanner, we acquired a T1‐weighted three‐dimensional magnetization‐prepared rapid gradient‐echo (MPRAGE) image of the whole brain, oriented so that the optic nerves, chiasm, and tracts were in the same plane. We acquired multiple proton density‐weighted images centered on the thalamus and midbrain, and averaged them to increase the signal, enabling precise manual tracing of the anatomical boundaries of the LGN. Albinism patients exhibited significantly smaller diameters of the optic nerves, chiasm and tracts, and optic chiasm and LGN volume compared with controls (P < 0.001 for all). The reductions in chiasmal diameters in the albinism compared with the control group can be attributed to the abnormal crossing of optic fibers and the reduction of RGCs in the central retina. The volume of the LGN devoted to the center of the visual field may be reduced in albinism due to fewer RGCs representing the area where the fovea would normally lie. Our data may be clinically useful in addressing how genetic deficits compromise proper structural and functional development in the brain. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:2680–2687, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Slow‐pressor angiotensin II hypertension and concomitant dendritic NMDA receptor trafficking in estrogen receptor β–containing neurons of the mouse hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus are sex and age dependent
Authors: Marques‐Lopes Jose , Van Kempen Tracey , Waters Elizabeth M. , Pickel Virginia M. , Iadecola Costantino , Milner Teresa A. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe incidence of hypertension increases after menopause. Similar to humans, “slow‐pressor” doses of angiotensin II (AngII) increase blood pressure in young males, but not in young female mice. However, AngII increases blood pressure in aged female mice, paralleling reproductive hormonal changes. These changes could influence receptor trafficking in central cardiovascular circuits and contribute to hypertension. Increased postsynaptic N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor activity in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is crucial for the sympathoexcitation driving AngII hypertension. Estrogen receptors β (ERβs) are present in PVN neurons. We tested the hypothesis that changes in ovarian hormones with age promote susceptibility to AngII hypertension, and influence NMDA receptor NR1 subunit trafficking in ERβ‐containing PVN neurons. Transgenic mice expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in ERβ‐containing cells were implanted with osmotic minipumps delivering AngII (600 ng/kg/min) or saline for 2 weeks. AngII increased blood pressure in 2‐month‐old males and 18‐month‐old females, but not in 2‐month‐old females. By electron microscopy, NR1‐silver–intensified immunogold (SIG) was mainly in ERβ‐EGFP dendrites. At baseline, NR1‐SIG density was greater in 2‐month‐old females than in 2‐month‐old males or 18‐month‐old females. After AngII infusion, NR1‐SIG density was decreased in 2‐month‐old females, but increased in 2‐month‐old males and 18‐month‐old females. These findings suggest that, in young female mice, NR1 density is decreased in ERβ‐PVN dendrites thus reducing NMDA receptor activity and preventing hypertension. Conversely, in young males and aged females, NR1 density is upregulated in ERβ‐PVN dendrites and ultimately leads to the neurohumoral dysfunction driving hypertension. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:3075–3090, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantum Conversion Enhancement with TiOx Compact Layers for ITO‐Plastic‐Film‐Based Low‐Temperature‐Processed Dye‐Sensitized Photoelectrodes
Authors: Morita Saori , Ikegami Masashi , Wei Tzu‐Chien , Miyasaka Tsutomu 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA plastic substrate‐based dye‐sensitized photoelectrode was fabricated with a thin mesoporous titania film prepared on a TiOx‐coated indium tin oxide‐polyethylene naphthalate (ITO‐PEN) substrate by a low‐temperature process. The 3.5 μm‐thick titania film sensitized with an indoline dye (D205) yielded a power conversion efficiency of 5.2 %, with the internal quantum efficiency reaching 100 %.
How Many Molecules are Required to Obtain a Steady Faradaic Current from Mediated Electron Transfer at a Single Nanoparticle on a Supporting Surface?
Authors: Kätelhön Enno , Krause Kay J. , Wolfrum Bernhard , Compton Richard G. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe investigate the chronoamperometric noise characteristics of electron‐transfer reactions occurring on single nanoparticles (NPs) and assemblies of well‐separated NPs on a supporting surface. To this end, we combine a formerly described expression for the steady‐state current of a single particle with the shot‐noise model and derive an expression for the signal‐to‐noise ratio as a function of bulk concentration and particle radius. Our findings are supported by random‐walk simulations, which closely match the analytical results.
Controllable Synthesis and Peculiar Optical Properties of Lanthanide‐Doped Fluoride Nanocrystals
Authors: Dong Guoping , He Huilin , Pan Qiwen , Chen Gengxu , Xie Junhua , Ma Zhijun , Peng Mingying 
Published: February 2014

AbstractYb3+/Tm3+‐codoped NaYF4 nanocrystals with different phases (cubic α and hexagonal β) and morphologies (nanoparticles, nanorods, nanoplates) have been controllably fabricated by a convenient hydrothermal synthesis technique. Up‐conversion emission peaks were observed at λ=450, 475, 645, and 700 nm, which were assigned to the 1D2–3F4, 1G4–3H6, 1G4–3F4, and 3F2–3H6 transitions of Tm3+ ions, respectively. By using a homemade detection system, the anisotropic polarized emission properties of individual NaYF4:Yb, Tm nanorods and nanoplates were investigated. The results indicated that the polarization emission ratio, ρ, of the 1G4–3F4 emission of individual NaYF4:Yb,Tm nanorods was 0.18, whereas the anisotropic polarization emission of individual NaYF4:Yb,Tm nanoplates could be neglected; this indicated that the size and morphology of the nanocrystal played an important role in the polarized emission properties. Investigation into the mechanism indicated that the dielectric mismatch was not the predominant mechanism for the polarized emission of individual NaYF4:Yb,Tm nanorods. The as‐prepared NaYF4:Yb,Tm nanocrystals, with controllable morphology and anisotropic polarized emission properties, are expected to be widely applied as polarized light resources, bio‐labels, photodetectors, and so forth.
Chirality Transfer in Magnetic Coordination Complexes Monitored by Vibrational and Electronic Circular Dichroism
Authors: Wu Tao , Zhang Xiao‐Peng , You Xiao‐Zeng , Li Yi‐Zhi , Bouř Petr 
Published: February 2014

AbstractMagnetic coordination complexes based on Schiff bases are promising new molecular materials for electronics. Two μ‐oxo FeIII dimeric complexes of enantiomers of Schiff base ligands (N,N′‐(1R,2R)‐1,2‐diphenylethylenebis(salicylideneimine) (H2salphen‐R, 1 a) and N,N′‐(1S,2S)‐1,2‐diphenylethylenebis(salicylideneimine) (H2salphen‐S, 1 b)) were synthesized; further reaction with 4‐salicylideneamino‐1,2,4‐triazole (Hsaltrz) led to enantiomers of two one‐dimensional (1D) FeIII coordination complexes. The structures of these complexes were determined by X‐ray diffraction. Magnetic susceptibility measurements revealed that μ‐oxo dimeric complexes displayed strong antiferromagnetic coupling, whereas the 1D complexes exhibited paramagnetic behavior. The chirality of the Schiff bases transferred to macromolecular chirality of the complexes, which could be monitored by both vibrational and electronic circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopic methods. The macroscopic handedness was manifested in CD signals attributed to exciton coupling between the ligands. Thus, the chiral spectroscopies were useful to probe the chirality of the complexes, their structure, and the polymerization degree.
Crystallization of MIGe2(PO4)3 (MI – Na, K, Ag) from molten phosphate media
Authors: Terebilenko K. V. , Slobodyanik N. S. , Ogorodnyk I.V. , Baumer V. N. 
Published: February 2014

A number of NASICON‐related MIGe2(PO4)3 (MI – Na, K, Ag) have been prepared using a high‐temperature solution method in the molten system MI‐Ge‐P‐O (MI – Na, K) based on the solubility data for GeO2 at 1123 K for the Na‐P‐O system and 1173 K for the K‐P‐O one. The single crystals of AgGe2(PO4)3 were obtained after crystallization of a melt with Ag/P = 1.4. It crystallizes in the trigonal system, space group R‐3, cell parameters a = 8.06340(1) Å, c = 21.8385(4) Å, Z = 6. The framework is built up from two GeO6 units that are isolated from each other by PO4 tetrahedra to form the main building block of the structure [Ge2(PO4)3]−. Two types of silver cations M1 and M2 are found to have different coordination requirements shown by the bond valence sum calculations.
Self‐assembly of a luminescent Zn(II) carboxylate with the diamondoid topology
Authors: Zhang Tian , Wang Gui‐Xia , Xue Li‐ping 
Published: February 2014

A new coordination polymer [Zn(tdc)(bimb)]n (1) (H2tdc = 3,4‐thiophenedicarboxylic acid, bimb = 1,4‐bis(imidazol‐1ˊ‐yl)butane) has been synthesized under hydrothermal condition. X‐ray single‐crystal diffraction determination reveals that 1 crystallizes in the space group P212121 of orthorhombic crystal system: a = 10.517(2), b = 10.889(2), c = 15.206(3) Å. This compound features a 3D network which can be rationalized as a 4‐connected diamondoid net. Moreover, thermal and photoluminescent properties for 1 have also been investigated.
Gas Separation Performance of Carbon Molecular Sieve Membranes Based on 6FDA‐mPDA/DABA (3:2) Polyimide
Authors: Qiu Wulin , Zhang Kuang , Li Fuyue Stephanie , Zhang Ke , Koros William J. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract6FDA‐mPDA/DABA (3:2) polyimide was synthesized and characterized for uncross‐linked, thermally crosslinked, and carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membranes. The membranes were characterized with thermogravimetric analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, and gas permeation tests. Variations in the d spacing, the formation of pore structures, and changes in the pore sizes of the CMS membranes were discussed in relation to pyrolysis protocols. The uncross‐linked polymer membranes showed high CO2/CH4 selectivity, whereas thermally crosslinked membranes exhibited significantly improved CO2 permeability and excellent CO2 plasticization resistance. The CMS membranes showed even higher CO2 permeability and CO2/CH4 selectivity. An increase in the pyrolysis temperature resulted in CMS membranes with lower gas permeability but higher selectivity. The 550 °C pyrolyzed CMS membranes showed CO2 permeability as high as 14 750 Barrer with CO2/CH4 selectivity of approximately 52. Even 800 °C pyrolyzed CMS membranes still showed high CO2 permeability of 2610 Barrer with high CO2/CH4 selectivity of approximately 118. Both polymer membranes and the CMS membranes are very attractive in aggressive natural gas purification applications.
Sustainable Production of Green Feed from Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen
Authors: Landau Miron V. , Vidruk Roxana , Herskowitz Moti 
Published: February 2014

AbstractCarbon dioxide hydrogenation to form hydrocarbons was conducted on two iron‐based catalysts, prepared according to procedures described in the literature, and on a new iron spinel catalyst. The CO2 conversion measured in a packed‐bed reactor was limited to about 60 % because of excessive amounts of water produced in this process. Switching to a system of three packed‐bed reactors in series with interim removal of water and condensed hydrocarbons increased CO2 conversion to as much as 89 %. The pure spinel catalyst displayed a significantly higher activity and selectivity than those of the other iron catalysts. This process produces a product called green feed, which is similar in composition to the product of a high‐temperature, iron‐based Fischer–Tropsch process from syngas. The green feed can be readily converted into renewable fuels by well‐established technologies.
Combinatorial Atmospheric Pressure CVD of a Composite TiO2/SnO2 Thin Film
Authors: Sathasivam Sanjayan , Kafizas Andreas , Ponja Sapna , Chadwick Nicholas , Bhachu Davinder S. , Bawaked Salem M. , Obaid Abdullah Y. , Al‐Thabaiti Shaeel , Basahel Sulaiman N. , Carmalt Claire J. , Parkin Ivan P. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractCombinatorial atmospheric pressure (cAP)CVD is used to deposit a film of graded composition from mainly TiO2 to TiO2/SnO2 to mainly SnO2. This is the first cAPCVD study of a TiO2/SnO2 system. The thin film is characterized using a range of techniques such as X‐ray diffraction (XRD), wavelength dispersive X‐ray (WDX) spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and ultra violet‐visible (UV‐vis) spectroscopy. It is found that, at various positions on the film, there are intimate compositions of TiO2 and SnO2. The photocatalytic activity is examined via the degradation of a Resazurin‐based ‘intelligent ink’ under 365 nm wavelength irradiation. The change in the concentration of the dye can be monitored by digital imaging alone. The results show how TiO2‐rich regions are photocatalytically active, producing a maximum formal quantum yield of 3.32 × 10−4 molecules per absorbed photon. The sheet resistance is determined using a four‐point probe via the van der Pauw method. The conductivity is highest in the SnO2‐rich and thicker regions of the film, however some of the intimate composite regions of TiO2/SnO2 show both conductivity and photocatalytic activity.
Combining network coding and compressed sensing for error correction in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Chen Siguang , Wu Meng , Wang Kun , Sun Zhixin , Lu Weifeng 
Published: February 2014

SummaryAs the spatial and temporal correlations of sensor readings are common in wireless sensor networks, motivated by these features and the drawbacks of network coding (NC), we introduce compressed sensing (CS) into NC scheme and construct a cooperating coding mechanism, which performs over different data fields with a compatible transformation measure for the combination of NC and CS. This cooperating coding scheme can reduce the amount of redundant information transmission significantly, because the temporal and spatial correlations are explored fully. Meanwhile, the erasures and errors are considered simultaneously in relay transmission process; a NC decoding for error control is proposed to correct the erasures and errors. Although the decoding error of NC is existent, this error can be further reduced by the reconstruction process of CS; as a result, the relative recovery error is small enough in the sink. Finally, the reliability and performance analyses confirm that the proposed cooperating coding scheme obtains considerable compression gain as compared with conventional coding scheme of NC and transmits information reliably with high recovery precision. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Placentophagia in weanling female laboratory rats
Authors: Harding Kaitlyn M. , Lonstein Joseph S. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTPlacentophagia is common in parturient mammals and offers physiological and behavioral advantages for mothers. In natural environments, weanlings are often present during the birth of younger siblings, but it is unknown if weanling rats are placentophagic or prefer placenta over other substances. To examine this, primiparous rats were remated during the postpartum estrus and their weanling daughters remained in the natal nest during their mother's next parturition. Continuous observation revealed that 58% of weanlings were placentophagic. To determine if this placentophagia occurs away from parturient mothers, weanling females still living in their natal nest were offered placenta, liver, or cake frosting in a novel chamber. They ingested more placenta and liver than frosting. Thus, many weanling female laboratory rats are placentophagic during the birth of younger siblings but do not selectively prefer placenta when tested outside their natal nest. Consequences of placentophagia by weanling female rats are unknown, but it may promote their alloparenting or later postpartum mothering. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 1290–1299, 2014.
Human‐aided admixture may fuel ecosystem transformation during biological invasions: theoretical and experimental evidence
Authors: Molofsky Jane , Keller Stephen R. , Lavergne Sébastien , Kaproth Matthew A. , Eppinga Maarten B. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBiological invasions can transform our understanding of how the interplay of historical isolation and contemporary (human‐aided) dispersal affects the structure of intraspecific diversity in functional traits, and in turn, how changes in functional traits affect other scales of biological organization such as communities and ecosystems. Because biological invasions frequently involve the admixture of previously isolated lineages as a result of human‐aided dispersal, studies of invasive populations can reveal how admixture results in novel genotypes and shifts in functional trait variation within populations. Further, because invasive species can be ecosystem engineers within invaded ecosystems, admixture‐induced shifts in the functional traits of invaders can affect the composition of native biodiversity and alter the flow of resources through the system. Thus, invasions represent promising yet under‐investigated examples of how the effects of short‐term evolutionary changes can cascade across biological scales of diversity. Here, we propose a conceptual framework that admixture between divergent source populations during biological invasions can reorganize the genetic variation underlying key functional traits, leading to shifts in the mean and variance of functional traits within invasive populations. Changes in the mean or variance of key traits can initiate new ecological feedback mechanisms that result in a critical transition from a native ecosystem to a novel invasive ecosystem. We illustrate the application of this framework with reference to a well‐studied plant model system in invasion biology and show how a combination of quantitative genetic experiments, functional trait studies, whole ecosystem field studies and modeling can be used to explore the dynamics predicted to trigger these critical transitions.
Guidelines for a priori grouping of species in hierarchical community models
Authors: Pacifici Krishna , Zipkin Elise F. , Collazo Jaime A. , Irizarry Julissa I. , DeWan Amielle 
Published: February 2014

AbstractRecent methodological advances permit the estimation of species richness and occurrences for rare species by linking species‐level occurrence models at the community level. The value of such methods is underscored by the ability to examine the influence of landscape heterogeneity on species assemblages at large spatial scales. A salient advantage of community‐level approaches is that parameter estimates for data‐poor species are more precise as the estimation process “borrows” from data‐rich species. However, this analytical benefit raises a question about the degree to which inferences are dependent on the implicit assumption of relatedness among species. Here, we assess the sensitivity of community/group‐level metrics, and individual‐level species inferences given various classification schemes for grouping species assemblages using multispecies occurrence models. We explore the implications of these groupings on parameter estimates for avian communities in two ecosystems: tropical forests in Puerto Rico and temperate forests in northeastern United States. We report on the classification performance and extent of variability in occurrence probabilities and species richness estimates that can be observed depending on the classification scheme used. We found estimates of species richness to be most precise and to have the best predictive performance when all of the data were grouped at a single community level. Community/group‐level parameters appear to be heavily influenced by the grouping criteria, but were not driven strictly by total number of detections for species. We found different grouping schemes can provide an opportunity to identify unique assemblage responses that would not have been found if all of the species were analyzed together. We suggest three guidelines: (1) classification schemes should be determined based on study objectives; (2) model selection should be used to quantitatively compare different classification approaches; and (3) sensitivity of results to different classification approaches should be assessed. These guidelines should help researchers apply hierarchical community models in the most effective manner.