bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Face perception and social cognitive development in early autism: A prospective longitudinal study from 3 months to 7 years of age
Authors: Zhou Xiaomei , Siddiqui Hasan , Rutherford M. D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAutism spectrum condition (ASC) is characterized by atypical attention to eyes and faces, but the onset and impact of these atypicalities remain unclear. This prospective longitudinal study examined face perception in infants who develop ASC (N = 22, female = 5, 100% White) compared with typically developing infants (N = 131, female = 65, 55.6% White), tracking social‐cognitive and ASC development through age seven. Reduced interest in direct gaze and eyes during infancy correlated with atypical development of adaptive behavior at age four and theory of mind at age seven. Principal component analyses revealed less integrated processing of facial features and eye‐gaze information in ASC infants, potentially impacting their childhood social functioning. These findings highlight the intertwined nature of social‐cognitive development and ASC.
How smart is my child? The judgment accuracy of parents regarding their children's cognitive ability
Authors: Mack Elena , Scherrer Vsevolod , Preckel Franzis 
Published: August 2024

AbstractParents' judgment of their children's cognitive ability is important for providing adequate learning environments. This study examined parents' judgment accuracy with 2346 children (M = 8.94 years; 48.3% girls) and their parents (1283 mothers, 426 fathers, and 637 parental pairs). The data were collected between September 2012 and February 2014 in Germany. Latent regression analyses were conducted for the overall sample and by grade (nGrade1&2 = 830; nGrade3&4 = 1516). Characteristics of the child (gender, birth order) and parents (gender, socioeconomic background) were investigated as moderators. Children's cognitive ability explained 34%/25%/37% (overall sample/Grade1&2/Grade3&4) of the variance in parental judgments. Judgments depended more on children's academic achievement than on cognitive ability. Parents judged their son's intelligence more accurately than their daughter's and first‐born children more accurately than last‐born children. Higher‐educated parents showed higher judgment accuracy.
Specifying a target trial protocol to estimate the effect of preconception treatment of periodontitis on time‐to‐pregnancy: A commentary and applied example
Authors: Bond Julia C. , Heaton Brenda , Garcia Raul I. , Rothman Kenneth J. , Wise Lauren A. , Fox Matthew P. , Murray Eleanor J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe target trial framework was developed as a strategy to design and analyze observational epidemiologic studies with the aim of reducing bias due to analytic decisions. It involves designing a hypothetical randomized trial to answer a question of interest and systematically considering how to use observational data to emulate each trial component.AimsThe primary aim of this paper is to provide a detailed example of the application of the target trial framework to a research question in oral epidemiology.Materials and MethodsWe describe the development of a hypothetical target trial and emulation protocol to evaluate the effect of preconception periodontitis treatment on time‐to‐pregnancy. We leverage data from Pregnancy Study Online (PRESTO), a preconception cohort, to ground our example in existing observational data. We discuss the decision‐making process for each trial component, as well as limitations encountered.ResultsOur target trial application revealed data limitations that precluded us from carrying out the proposed emulation. Implications for data quality are discussed and we provide recommendations for researchers interested in conducting trial emulations in the field of oral epidemiology.DiscussionThe target trial framework has the potential to improve the validity of observational research in oral health, when properly applied.ConclusionWe encourage the broad adoption of the target trial framework to the field of observational oral health research and demonstrate its value as a tool to identify directions for future research.
Mental Health and Parenting Practices and Styles Among Parents Receiving Child Welfare Services in Norway: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Kaasbøll Jannike , Berg Mari N. , Storhaug Anita S. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTInterventions to enhance positive parenting practices have become a cornerstone of many Western child welfare services. Parental mental health is a crucial factor that influences parenting practices and styles. However, research on the associations between mental health and parenting among parents involved with child welfare services is scarce. The aim of the study was to investigate the associations between self‐reported mental health and parenting practices and emotional style among parents in contact with child welfare services. A cross‐sectional survey was conducted in 2018–2019 (N = 256, 71.5% females). Linear regression analysis, adjusting for potential confounding factors, was conducted. The results indicated that higher levels of anxiety and depression symptoms were significantly associated with a higher degree of inconsistent parenting practices, a lower degree of involving parenting practices and higher levels of emotion coaching parenting style. Socioeconomic status slightly attenuated the associations. The results highlight the importance of considering parental mental health when assessing parenting practices and styles among parents in contact with child welfare services. It is also crucial for child welfare workers to be aware of how parental mental health can affect their parenting practices and to address these issues through their interventions in the family.
Contextual classification of clinical records with bidirectional long short‐term memory (Bi‐LSTM) and bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) model
Authors: Zalte Jaya , Shah Harshal 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDeep learning models have overcome traditional machine learning techniques for text classification domains in the field of natural language processing (NLP). Since, NLP is a branch of machine learning, used for interpreting language, classifying text of interest, and the same can be applied to analyse the medical clinical electronic health records. Medical text consists of lot of rich data which can altogether provide a good insight, by determining patterns from the clinical text data. In this paper, bidirectional‐long short‐term memory (Bi‐LSTM), bi‐LSTM attention and bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) base models are used to classify the text which are of privacy concern to a person and which should be extracted and can be tagged as sensitive. This text data which we might think not of privacy concern would majorly reveal a lot about the patient's integrity and personal life. Clinical data not only have patient demographic data but lot of hidden data which might go unseen and thus could arise privacy issues. Bi‐LSTM with attention layer is also added on top to realize the importance of critical words which will be of great importance in terms of classification, we are able to achieve accuracy of about 92%. About 206,926 sentences are used out of which 80% are used for training and rest for testing we get accuracy of 90% approx. with Bi‐LSTM alone. The same set of datasets is used for BERT model with accuracy of 93% approx.
Overhead conductor heating chamber and temperature effects on the fatigue life of aluminum alloy 6201‐T81 conductors
Authors: Rodrigues Ricardo Lenon Da Silva , Garcia Miguel Angel , Araújo José Alexander , Ferreira Jorge Luiz De Almeida , da Silva Cosme Roberto Moreira , Badibanga Remy Kalombo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis work investigates the impact of temperature on the fatigue life All Aluminum Alloy Conductors (AAAC) made of 6201‐T81. A heating chamber was developed to simulate thermal effects induced by electric current passage. Wöhler fatigue curves were generated under isothermal conditions at 75 and 150°C and later compared with the one at 20°C. The conductor exhibited similar fatigue life at 20 and 75°C; however, a significant increase of life was observed for tests at 150°C. Hardness tests and failure analysis of wire breakages were carried out on samples extracted from the conductor coil and on artificially aged samples maintained at controlled temperatures. The analyses revealed that at a temperature of 150°C, there is formation of small precipitates of magnesium and silicon within the aluminum matrix, which impeded the propagation of discontinuities, increasing the material's hardness and fatigue resistance.
Prolonged use of old dentures: A qualitative study with Brazilian older adults
Authors: Mendonça Carlos Cesar Gomes , Nogueira Túlio Eduardo , Moreira Francine do Couto Lima , Jordão Lidia Moraes Ribeiro , McKenna Gerald , Leles Cláudio Rodrigues 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveTo explore older adults' perceptions, motivations and reasons for using and not replacing old and worn complete dentures over prolonged periods.Materials and MethodsIn‐depth, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with Brazilian edentulous older adults who were wearing complete dentures which were at least 20 years old. A purposive sampling method was used to recruit participants from an existing waiting list of those referred to a hospital clinic for new dentures. The interviews were video‐recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsSixty‐two individuals were assessed and nine were included in the study, aged from 61 to 77 years (mean = 65.4), with seven (77.8%) of them women. The reported time using their current dentures ranged from 22 to 45 years (mean = 28). Content analysis revealed three main themes: the perception of the current dentures' condition after prolonged use; reasons for the prolonged use and non‐replacement; and unsuccessful attempts to replace the dentures. Overall, participants acknowledged the poor condition of their dentures and did recognise the need for replacement. Several factors had prompted them to delay or temporarily forego replacement, with financial constraints being the main barrier. Some reported failed attempts to replace the dentures in the past years or months; however, challenging adaptation to the new prostheses led to them reverting back to their old dentures as a fallback solution.ConclusionFactors influencing prolonged denture use in older adults include a complex interplay of financial aspects, treatment awareness, access and personal factors. Dental professionals can play a pivotal role in promoting timely denture adjustment or replacement by addressing these factors through patient education and personalised care.
Driving improvement of diagnosis and awareness of heavy menstrual bleeding in women among physicians
Authors: Kadir Rezan Adbul , Tarawah Ahmad , Shridhar Naveen , Kulkarni Roshni 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionA number of barriers in care exist for women/girls with bleeding disorders. Little progress has been made to overcome them, particularly regarding levels of awareness of healthcare professionals (HCPs) and women/girls.AimTo evaluate awareness and perception of heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) and bleeding disorders among HCPs and women/girls.MethodsA three‐part qualitative study was conducted, including HCPs and women/girls from over seven countries. Part 1 included eleven 60‐min interviews with experts discussing HMB diagnostic barriers, which were further assessed in surveys among 6099 women/girls, 353 general practitioners (GPs), and 426 obstetricians and gynaecologists (OB/GYNs) during Part 2. Part 3 included three 1.5–2‐h workshops with 20 clinicians and patient representatives covering HMB knowledge, criteria defining HMB and HCP resourcing for diagnosis.ResultsMany HCPs do not conduct certain investigations for women/girls presenting with HMB, and 22% of GPs lack confidence in the management of HMB. Only 8% of GPs use screening tools to evaluate menstrual blood loss, and 13% of GPs and 15% of OB/GYNs assess underlying bleeding disorders. Seventy‐six percent of menstruating women/girls believed they could recognise HMB symptoms ‘well’. However, 23% of these women/girls would not seek medical advice for abnormal/prolonged menstruation disrupting their lives. Disruptions were reported in 34% of women/girls from the general population and 61% of women with at‐risk symptoms of HMB.ConclusionMany women/girls and HCPs have limited awareness of important HMB indicators. There is a need for standardized clinical criteria to promote efficient diagnoses and management.
Thrombogenicity, DPPH assay, and MTT assay of sol–gel derived 3% silver‐doped hydroxyapatite for hard tissue implants
Authors: Kumar Ranbir , Shikha Deep 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSilver ions possess inherent antioxidant properties, whereas hydroxyapatite (HAP) is a structural support within the body. The research methodology involves synthesizing HAP and 3% silver‐doped hydroxyapatite (Ag‐HAP) via the sol–gel method, followed by comprehensive characterization using X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, Raman spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy, antioxidant, thrombogenicity, and cell viability. The investigation reveals that Ag‐HAP exhibits superior antioxidant properties and thrombogenicity compared to other metals doped so far. Remarkably, Ag‐HAP demonstrates moderate clotting behavior compared to HAP. Additionally, the (3‐(4, 5‐dimethythiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) MTT assay evaluates cellular viability, shedding light on the biocompatibility of the materials. The study uncovers the potential of silver doping to enhance the antioxidant capabilities of HAP significantly, offering promising prospects for orthopaedic implants. The antioxidant activity of the materials is evaluated through a 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay, whereas the thrombogenicity is assessed using a whole blood clotting method. The improvement indicates that incorporating silver ions influences HAP crystalline structure and increased grain size, contributing to enhanced antioxidant efficacy and favorable cellular responses, thus underlining the potential of Ag‐HAP for advanced implant materials in orthopaedic surgery. The results also discuss that how Ag‐HAP is better than Co‐HAP.
Minibrain plays a role in the adult brain development of honeybee (Apis mellifera) workers
Authors: Martins Juliana Ramos , Silva Izabella Cristina , Mazzoni Talita Sarah , de Barrios Gabriela Helena , Freitas Flávia Cristina de Paula , Barchuk Angel Roberto 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe brain of adult honeybee (Apis mellifera) workers is larger than that of queens, facilitating behavioural differentiation between the castes. This brain diphenism develops during the pharate‐adult stage and is driven by a caste‐specific gene expression cascade in response to unique hormonal milieus. Previous molecular screening identified minibrain (mnb; DYRK1A) as a potential regulator in this process. Here, we used RNAi approach to reduce mnb transcript levels and test its role on brain diphenism development in honeybees. White‐eyed unpigmented cuticle worker pupae were injected with dsRNA for mnb (Mnb‐i) or gfp, and their phenotypes were assessed two and 8 days later using classic histological and transcriptomic analyses. After 2 days of the injections, Mnb‐i bees showed 98% of downregulation of mnb transcripts. After 8 days, the brain of Mnb‐i bees showed reduction in total volume and in the volume of the mushroom bodies (MB), antennal, and optic lobes. Additionally, signs of apoptosis were observed in the Kenyon cells region of the MB, and the cohesion of the brain tissues was affected. Our transcriptomic analyses revealed that 226 genes were affected by the knockdown of mnb transcripts, most of which allowing axonal fasciculation. These results suggest the evolutionary conserved mnb gene has been co‐opted for promoting hormone‐mediated developmental brain morphological plasticity generating caste diphenism in honeybees.
Hysteresis constitutive model of C/SiC composites considering probabilistic matrix fragmentations
Authors: Li Longbiao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a new micromechanical hysteresis loop constitutive model of C/SiC composites with different interphases was developed considering the probabilistic‐statistical matrix fragmentation process. The lengths of matrix fragmentation were divided into three types, that is, long matrix fragments (LMFs), medium matrix fragments (MMFs), and short matrix fragments (SMFs). The distributions of the LMFs, MMFs, and SMFs with increasing tensile stress were determined using the probabilistic‐stochastic model by assuming the two‐parameter matrix strength distribution. The micro stress field of the LMFs, MMFs, and SMFs upon unloading and reloading was obtained and adopted to determine the corresponding stress‐strain relations. The interaction of matrix fragmentation lengths, especially for the LMFs with large debonding energy (LDE) and SMFs, was considered in the closed‐form constitutive model and hysteresis‐based inverse tangent modulus (ITMs) damage parameter. Synergistic effects of the fiber volumes, peak stresses, and interface debonding energy on the interface damage state, mechanical hysteresis loops, and related ITMs with small debonding energy and LDE were also analyzed. Comparisons of the mechanical hysteresis loops using the new hysteresis models considering matrix stochastic fragmentation and hysteresis models considering constant matrix fragmentation were also discussed. Experimental cyclic tensile hysteresis loops and unloading/reloading ITMs of C/(PyC)/SiC and C/(PyC+SiC)/SiC composites with different interphase thickness (i.e., t = 300, 600, 1000, and 2000 nm) were predicted using the developed constitutive model. Evolution of the unloading/reloading interface slip ratio was analyzed for different tensile peak stresses.
Soothing venipuncture: Bubble blowing and ball squeezing in reducing anxiety, fear, and pain in children
Authors: Sarman Abdullah , Tuncay Suat 
Published: August 2024

AbstractProblemThe objective of this study was to investigate the impact of bubble‐blowing and ball‐squeezing interventions on children's levels of anxiety, fear, and pain during venipuncture procedures.MethodsThis study was designed as a randomized controlled trial. Out of 108 children aged 5−10 years, 72 were allocated to the two experimental groups, while 36 were assigned to the control group. The levels of anxiety, fear, and pain experienced by the children were assessed using the “Wong‐Baker FACES® Pain Rating Scale,” “Child Anxiety Scale‐State,” and “Child Fear Scale,” respectively. Intergroup comparisons were analyzed using one‐way ANOVA, while intragroup comparisons were conducted using Wilks' Lambda analysis.FindingsIt was observed that 50% of the children in the control group, 47.2% in the bubble‐blowing group, and 47.2% in the ball‐queezing group did not receive information about the painful procedure. Anxiety, fear, and pain scores of all groups were statistically similar in the initial measurement without any intervention. Children in the bubble‐blowing and ball‐squeezing groups experienced lower anxiety, fear, and pain during and at the end of the painful procedures.ConclusionsThe study discovered that interventions involving bubble blowing and ball squeezing significantly decreased children's levels of anxiety, fear, and pain both during and after intravenous procedures. Information on procedures, alongside interactive techniques like bubble blowing and ball squeezing, helps pediatric nurses calm children, easing anxiety, fear, and pain. Implementing these strategies enhances treatment experiences and confidence in healthcare.
Factors associated with discharge home in older patients admitted to emergency department observation units: Looking for a predictive scale
Authors: Montero‐Pérez F. Javier , Bajo‐Fernández Inmaculada , González‐del Castillo Juan , Burillo‐Putze Guillermo , Jacob Javier , Aguiló Sira , Piñera‐Salmerón Pascual , Alquezar‐Arbé Aitor , Fernández‐Alonso Cesáreo , Llorens Pere , Cho Jeong‐Uh Hong , Casado‐Ramón Beatriz , Gayoso‐Martín Sara , Sánchez‐Sindín Goretti , Fernández‐Álvarez María Esther , Gallardo‐Vizcaíno Patricia , Romero‐Carrete Carlos , Llauger Lluís , Vázquez‐Rey Verónica , Calle‐Fernández Sara , Cañete Mónica , Ruescas Esther , Fernández‐Salgado Fátima , Miró Òscar ,   researchers of the SIESTA network
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe selection of patients who are going to be admitted to an emergency department observation unit (EDOU) is essential for the good management of these units, intended fundamentally to avoid unnecessary hospitalization of patients. This is especially important when dealing with older patients. It would be important to know what factors are associated with discharge home and to have a clinical predictive scale that appropriately selects older patients who are going to be admitted to an EDOU.MethodsA retrospective cross‐sectional study was conducted of all patients ≥65 years of age assisted in 48 Spanish Emergency Departments for 7 consecutive days and were admitted to the EDOU. Demographics‐functional, vital signs data and initial laboratory results were analyzed to investigate its association with discharge home and develop and validate a prediction model for discharge home from EDOU. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to develop a prediction model, and a scoring system was created.ResultsAmong 5457 patients admitted to the EDOU from the emergency room, 2508 (46%) patients were discharged home, and 2949 (54%) were admitted to the hospital. Five variables were strongly associated with discharge home: the absence of fever (adjusted OR: 3.61, 95% CI:1.53–8.54), Glasgow Coma Scale score of 15 points (2.80, 1.63–4.82), absence of tachypnea (2.51, 1.74–3.64) or leukocytosis (2.07, 1.70–2.52) and oxygen saturation >94% (2.00, 1.64–2.43). The final model achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.648 (IC95% = 0.627–0.668) in the development cohort and 0.635 (0.614–0.656) in the validation cohort.ConclusionsThere are factors associated with a greater probability of discharge home of older patients admitted to EDOUs. Prediction at the individual level remains elusive, as the best model obtained in this study did not have sufficient validity to be applied in the clinical setting.