bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salience‐Based Congruence Between Parties & their Voters: The Swiss Case
Authors: Giger Nathalie , Lefkofridi Zoe 
Published: February 2014

AbstractPolicy congruence between parties and their voters is a prerequisite for the latter's representation. Related research typically focuses on the left‐right dimension. We contribute to this literature by conceiving the alignment between citizens and political elites as congruence on issues that individual citizens consider important (salience‐based congruence). Furthermore, we approach salience from the citizen's perspective and measure it at the individual level. Based on data from the Swiss Election Study (2007), we demonstrate that the assessment of party representation changes once we take salience into account. Policy congruence on salient issues is high and niche parties perform better than mainstream parties. Our arguments and findings about the role personal issue salience plays at the individual and party levels have important repercussions for contemporary debates on representation and policy congruence.
Haplotype determination of the upstream regulatory region and the second exon of the BoLA‐DRB3 gene in Holstein cattle
Authors: Goszczynski D. E. , Ripoli M. V. , Takeshima S.‐N. , Baltian L. , Aida Y. , Giovambattista G. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractPolymorphisms of the BoLA‐DRB3 gene are located primarily in the second exon [antigen binding site (ABS)] and, to a lesser extent, in the upstream regulatory region (URR). It can be hypothesised that exon 2 and the URR are under different types of natural selection. The aim of this work was to determine the URR‐exon 2 haplotypes; 34 Holstein samples were genotyped by direct sequencing. A total of 7 URR alleles and 23 exon 2 alleles were detected, and 3 of the URR alleles were novel. Our results may suggest that no relationship exists between the URR and exon 2 of the BoLA‐DRB3 gene (linkage disequilibrium P value > 0.05), most likely due to recombination over time. Our results also suggest that both regions of class II genes may be included in the development of new genotyping methods based on next‐generation DNA sequencing technologies.
An innovative application of the Kinect in Earth sciences: quantifying deformation in analogue modelling of volcanoes
Authors: Tortini Riccardo , Bonali Fabio L. , Corazzato Claudia , Carn Simon A. , Tibaldi Alessandro 
Published: February 2014

AbstractMeasuring surface deformation is critical in analogue modelling of Earth science phenomena. Here, we present a novel application of the Microsoft Kinect sensor to measure vertical deformation in a scaled analogue model of Nisyros volcano (Greece), simulating two magmatic sources and related surface deformation. The Kinect permits capture of real time, 640 × 480 pixel, true‐colour images (RGB) and a grid of distances to the modelled surface with a horizontal and vertical resolution of ±1 mm. Using recorded distances permits quantification of vertical deformation in terms of maximum and average down‐ and uplift during deflation and inflation phases respectively, which is of crucial importance for defining the kinematics of faults formed during the modelling, determined from interpretation of the RGB images. Although other techniques have demonstrated similar or higher accuracy, our study demonstrates the cost‐effectiveness of the Kinect in analogue modelling of volcanoes.
The Gravity Model and Trade Efficiency: A Stochastic Frontier Analysis of Eastern European Countries' Potential Trade
Authors: Ravishankar Geetha , Stack Marie M. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe opening up process of the eastern European countries is characterised by an increasing degree of trade integration with their Western neighbouring countries. Typically, the degree of East–West trade integration is assessed by comparing actual trade volumes with potential trade volumes projected from the gravity model parameters estimated for a group of countries that best represent normal trade relations. This approach, however, does not compare trade levels against a maximum level of trade feasible for the group of eastern European countries. This paper using a stochastic frontier specification of the gravity model is able to identify the efficiency of trade integration relative to maximum potential levels. The findings, based on a panel data set of bilateral exports from 17 Western European countries to the 10 new member states over the 1994–2007 period, indicate a high degree of East–West trade integration close to two‐thirds of frontier estimates, suggesting a low degree of trade resistances.
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in a 65-Year-Old Male Linked to a Very Unusual Type of
stx
2e
- and
eae
-Harboring O51:H49 Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli
Authors: Fasel Dominique , Mellmann Alexander , Cernela Nicole , Hächler Herbert , Fruth Angelika , Khanna Nina , Egli Adrian , Beckmann Christiane , Hirsch Hans H. , Goldenberger Daniel , Stephan Roger 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT

We report on a 65-year-old male patient with a Shiga toxin-producing
Escherichia coli
O51:H49 gastrointestinal infection and sepsis associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) with a fatal outcome. The strains isolated harbored
stx
2e
and
eae
, a very unusual and new virulence profile for an HUS-associated enterohemorrhagic
E. coli
.
A Murine Retrovirus Co-Opts YB-1, a Translational Regulator and Stress Granule-Associated Protein, To Facilitate Virus Assembly
Authors: Bann Darrin V. , Beyer Andrea R. , Parent Leslie J. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT

The Gag protein of the murine retrovirus mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) orchestrates the assembly of immature virus particles in the cytoplasm which are subsequently transported to the plasma membrane for release from the cell. The morphogenetic pathway of MMTV assembly is similar to that of
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
retrotransposons Ty1 and Ty3, which assemble virus-like particles (VLPs) in intracytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. Assembly of Ty1 and Ty3 VLPs depends upon cellular mRNA processing factors, prompting us to examine whether MMTV utilizes a similar set of host proteins to facilitate viral capsid assembly. Our data revealed that MMTV Gag colocalized with YB-1, a translational regulator found in stress granules and P bodies, in intracytoplasmic foci. The association of MMTV Gag and YB-1 in cytoplasmic granules was not disrupted by cycloheximide treatment, suggesting that these sites were not typical stress granules. However, the association of MMTV Gag and YB-1 was RNA dependent, and an MMTV RNA reporter construct colocalized with Gag and YB-1 in cytoplasmic RNP complexes. Knockdown of YB-1 resulted in a significant decrease in MMTV particle production, indicating that YB-1 plays a role in MMTV capsid formation. Analysis by live-cell imaging with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) revealed that the population of Gag proteins localized within YB-1 complexes was relatively immobile, suggesting that Gag forms stable complexes in association with YB-1. Together, our data imply that the formation of intracytoplasmic Gag-RNA complexes is facilitated by YB-1, which promotes MMTV virus assembly.

IMPORTANCE
Cellular mRNA processing factors regulate the posttranscriptional fates of mRNAs, affecting localization and utilization of mRNAs under normal conditions and in response to stress. RNA viruses such as retroviruses interact with cellular mRNA processing factors that accumulate in ribonucleoprotein complexes known as P bodies and stress granules. This report shows for the first time that mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV), a mammalian retrovirus that assembles intracytoplasmic virus particles, commandeers the cellular factor YB-1, a key regulator of translation involved in the cellular stress response. YB-1 is essential for the efficient production of MMTV particles, a process directed by the viral Gag protein. We found that Gag and YB-1 localize together in cytoplasmic granules. Functional studies of Gag/YB-1 granules suggest that they may be sites where virus particles assemble. These studies provide significant insights into the interplay between mRNA processing factors and retroviruses.
Dynamics of the Emergence and Establishment of a Newly Dominant Genotype of Japanese Encephalitis Virus throughout Asia
Authors: Schuh Amy J. , Ward Melissa J. , Leigh Brown Andrew J. , Barrett Alan D. T. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT
In recent years, genotype I (GI) of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) has displaced genotype III (GIII) as the dominant virus genotype throughout Asia. In this study, the largest collection of GIII and GI envelope gene-derived viral sequences assembled to date was used to reconstruct the spatiotemporal chronology of genotype displacement throughout Asia and to determine the evolutionary and epidemiological dynamics underlying this significant event. GI consists of two clades, GI-a and GI-b, with the latter being associated with displacement of GIII as the dominant JEV genotype throughout Asia in the 1990s. Phylogeographic analysis indicated that GI-a diverged in Thailand or Cambodia and has remained confined to tropical Asia, whereas GI-b diverged in Vietnam and then dispersed northwards to China, where it was subsequently dispersed to Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. Molecular adaptation was detected by more than one method at one site (residue 15), and coevolution was detected at two pairs of sites (residues 89 to 360 and 129 to 141) within the GI E gene protein alignment. Viral multiplication and temperature sensitivity analyses in avian and mosquito cells revealed that the GI-b isolate JE-91 had significantly higher infectivity titers in mosquito cells from 24 to 48 h postinfection than did the GI-a and GIII isolates. If the JE-91 isolate is indeed representative of GI-b, an increased multiplicative ability of GI-b viruses compared to that of GIII viruses early in mosquito infection may have resulted in a shortened extrinsic incubation period that led to an increased number of GI enzootic transmission cycles and the subsequent displacement of GIII.

IMPORTANCE
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, represents the most significant etiology of childhood viral neurological infection in Asia. Despite the existence of effective vaccines, JEV is responsible for an estimated 68,000 human cases and a reported 10,000 to 15,000 deaths annually. Phylogenetic studies divided JEV into five geographically and epidemiologically distinct genotypes (GI to GV). GIII has been the source of numerous JEV epidemics throughout history and was the most frequently isolated genotype throughout most of Asia from 1935 until the 1990s. In recent years, GI has displaced GIII as the most frequently isolated virus genotype. To date, the mechanism of this genotype replacement has remained unknown. In this study, we have identified genetic determinants underlying the genotype displacement as it unfolded across Asia. JEV provides a paradigm for other flaviviruses, including West Nile, yellow fever, and dengue viruses, and the critical role of the selective advantages in the mosquito vector.
Use and calibration of portable X-Ray fluorescence analysers: application to lithogeochemical exploration for komatiite-hosted nickel sulphide deposits
Authors: Le Vaillant Margaux , Barnes Stephen J. , Fisher Louise , Fiorentini Marco L. , Caruso Stefano 
Published: February 2014

Portable X-Ray Fluorescence (pXRF) analysers allow on-site geochemical analysis of rock powders and drill core. The main advantages of pXRF analysis over conventional laboratory analysis are the speed of data collection and the low cost of the analyses, permitting the collection of extensive, spatially representative datasets. However, these factors only become useful if the quality of the data meets the requirements needed for the purposes of the study. Here, we evaluate the possible use of portable XRF to determine element concentrations and ratios used in exploration for komatiite-hosted nickel sulphides.
A portable XRF analyser was used to measure a series of chalcophile and lithophile element concentrations (Si, S, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Sr, and Zr) of 75 samples from three komatiite units associated with nickel sulphide ores in the Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia. Crucial steps in the study were the development of a strict calibration process as well as numerous data quality checks. The 670 analyses collected in this study were compared with conventional laboratory XRF data on discriminant diagrams commonly utilized in exploration for komatiite-hosted nickel sulphides (Cr vs Ni and Ni/Ti vs Ni/Cr). After comparing the results obtained with pXRF during this study with the laboratory values, we can conclude that portable XRF analyses can be used for rapid assessment of the nickel sulphide prospectivity of komatiites provided that strict control protocols are followed.

Supplementary Material:

is available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18706
Quaternary tectonics along oblique deformation zones in the Central Andean retro-wedge between 31°30′S and 35°S
Authors: Cortés J. M. , Terrizzano C. M. , Pasini M. M. , Yamin M. G. , Casa A. L. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The distribution of the Quaternary deformation in the outer retro-wedge of the Andes (31°30′–35°S) is controlled by the subduction geometry, the position of the structural front, and the location of oblique pre-Cenozoic mechanical anisotropies. In the Southern Precordillera, Quaternary structures tend to group along the Barreal–Las Peñas deformation zone with a NW to NNW trend. This Cenozoic belt (31°30′–32°40′S) developed on the northern segment of the Triassic Cuyo Basin and broadened laterally during the Quaternary. New radiocarbon ages on dam deposits confirm Holocene tectonic activity on the northwestern edge. The oldest ages of dam deposits are 5810±90 a BP (Cabeceras Creek) and 810±50 a BP (Dolores Creek). Palaeoseismological and seismic data suggest active tectonic growth on the NW and SE extremes. Quaternary tectonics has contributed to modifying the relief along this oblique belt. This contribution is evident from the tectonic uplift of blocks (minimum 90–120 m in the Barreal block), the initial development of intermontane basins (Pampa de los Burros Basin), the Quaternary rejuvenation of tectonic depressions (at least 32–37 m of tectonic subsidence in the Vizcacheras half-graben) and the incipient development of low-relief morphotectonic units by soft-linkage of Quaternary structures.
Near pure surface uplift of the Argentine Frontal Cordillera: insights from (U–Th)/He thermochronometry and geomorphic analysis
Authors: Hoke Gregory D. , Graber Nathan R. , Mescua José F. , Giambiagi Laura B. , Fitzgerald Paul G. , Metcalf James R. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Apatite (U–Th)/He thermochronology from palaeosurface-bounded vertical transects collected in deeply incised river valleys with >2 km of relief, as well as geomorphic analysis, are used to examine the timing of uplift of the Frontal Cordillera and its relation to the evolution of the proximal portions of the Andean foreland between 32° and 34°S latitude. The results of apatite (U–Th)/He (AHe) analyses are complex. However, the data show positive age-elevation trends, with higher elevation samples yielding older AHe ages than samples at lower elevation. Slope breaks occur at
c.
25 Ma in both profiles, separating very slow cooling and or residence within a partial retention zone (slope of
c.
10 m/Myr) at the highest elevations from a slope of
c.
60–100 m/Myr cooling rate at lower elevations. The older AHe ages suggest either (1) minimal burial of the Frontal Cordillera and/or (2) significant pre–middle Miocene local relief. Geomorphic analysis of the adjacent, east-draining Río Mendoza and Río Tunuyán catchments reveals a glacial imprint to the landscape at elevations above 3000 m, including greater channel steepness and lower profile concavities developed during glacial erosion. Detailed analysis of headwall heights provides evidence of ongoing rock uplift along the entire eastern flank of the Frontal Cordillera and in the eastern flank of the Principal Cordillera south of the slab dip transition.
The Neocomian of Chachahuén (Mendoza, Argentina): evidence of a broken foreland associated with the Payenia flat-slab
Authors: Sagripanti Lucia , Aguirre-Urreta Beatriz , Folguera Andrés , Ramos Victor A. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Isolated marine sedimentary Lower Cretaceous deposits crop out in the foreland of the Neuquén Basin, west-central Argentina. They are the result of an anomalous uplift of the Sierra de Chachahuén in the far foreland region. These outcrops are assigned to the Agrio Formation based on their rich fossil contents. In particular, the study reveals a unique outcrop of continental facies along the eastern proximal margin of the basin that were known only from core wells, and constitutes the first exposed evidence at the surface. These deformed deposits are 70 km from the Andean orogenic front and present 2 km of local uplift produced by high-angle basement reverse faults that reactivated a previous Early Mesozoic rift system. The increase in compression was related to the decrease in the subduction angle. This fact, together with the expansion of the magmatic arc, controlled the Chachahuén calc-alkaline Late Miocene volcanic centre and the uplift of the Mesozoic deposits in the foreland. This broken foreland was associated with localized heating of the Miocene volcanic centre that produced the rising of the brittle-ductile transitions. This fact weakens the foreland area, which was broken by compression during the development of the Payenia flat-slab.
Field-aligned mesh joinery
Authors: Cignoni Paolo , Pietroni Nico , Malomo Luigi , Scopigno Roberto 
Published: February 2014

Mesh joinery is an innovative method to produce illustrative shape approximations suitable for fabrication. Mesh joinery is capable of producing complex fabricable structures in an efficient and visually pleasing manner. We represent an input geometry as a set of planar pieces arranged to compose a rigid structure, by exploiting an efficient slit mechanism. Since slices are planar, to fabricate them a standard 2D cutting system is enough.
We automatically arrange slices according to a smooth cross-field defined over the surface. Cross-fields allow representing global features that characterize the appearance of the shape. Slice placement conforms to specific manufacturing constraints.
Tribal-State Relations in the Anglosphere
Authors: Evans Laura E. 
Published: February 2014

By analyzing the politics of Indigenous peoples in the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, political scientists gain new perspectives on power and powerlessness. Such study offers a new vantage point on pathways of exclusion and regulation, as well as on the pathways of challenging inequity. It illustrates how beliefs and identity configure and reconfigure power. I highlight research from four domains of research on Indigenous politics: studies of political advocacy, political attitudes, rules of the game, and the public good. Political science research on Indigenous peoples fits comfortably within the discipline. It is flush with ideas that draw on and speak to other theories of politics.Were political science to broaden its perspective and recognize the insights available from the racial minority groups and indigenous nations regarding the manner in which law and political institutions channel energies of distinct groups and create, in their application of discriminatory policies, responses and reactions manifest in other areas of life, it could embark on a broadening of its offerings and clientele.Deloria & Wilkins (1999)
Better Postdiagnosis Diet Quality Is Associated with Reduced Risk of Death among Postmenopausal Women with Invasive Breast Cancer in the Women's Health Initiative
Authors: George Stephanie M. , Ballard-Barbash Rachel , Shikany James M. , Caan Bette J. , Freudenheim Jo L. , Kroenke Candyce H. , Vitolins Mara Z. , Beresford Shirley A. , Neuhouser Marian L. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Background: Few studies have evaluated whether adherence to dietary recommendations is associated with mortality among cancer survivors. In breast cancer survivors, we examined how postdiagnosis Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2005 scores were associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.
Methods: Our prospective cohort study included 2,317 postmenopausal women, ages 50 to 79 years, in the Women's Health Initiative's Dietary Modification Trial (n = 1,205) and Observational Study (n = 1,112), who were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer and completed a food frequency questionnaire after being diagnosed. We followed women from this assessment forward. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate multivariate-adjusted HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for death from any cause, breast cancer, and causes other than breast cancer, according to HEI-2005 quintiles.
Results: Over 9.6 years, 415 deaths occurred. After adjustment for key covariates, women consuming better quality diets had a 26% lower risk of death from any cause (HRQ4:Q1, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.55–0.99; Ptrend = 0.043) and a 42% lower risk of death from non–breast cancer causes (HRQ4:Q1, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.38–0.87; Ptrend = 0.011). HEI-2005 score was not associated with breast cancer death (HRQ4:Q1, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.60–1.40; Ptrend = 0.627). In analyses stratified by tumor estrogen receptor (ER) status, better diet quality was associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality among women with ER+ tumors (n = 1,758; HRQ4:Q1, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.38–0.79; Ptrend = 0.0009).
Conclusion: Better postdiagnosis diet quality was associated with reduced risk of death, particularly from non–breast cancer causes.
Impact: Breast cancer survivors may experience improved survival by adhering to U.S. dietary guidelines. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(4); 575–83. ©2014 AACR.
EASL- and mRECIST-Evaluated Responses to Combination Therapy of Sorafenib with Transarterial Chemoembolization Predict Survival in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Liu Lei , Wang Weijuan , Chen Hui , Zhao Yan , Bai Wei , Yin Zhanxin , He Chuangye , Jia Jia , Yang Man , Xia Jielai , Fan Daiming , Han Guohong 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Purpose: Published studies have not investigated the suitability of Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST), European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) criteria, and modified RECIST (mRECIST) for assessing the response of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma to treatment with sorafenib combined with transarterial chemoembolization. Here, we aimed to define the earliest time at which the response to combination therapy could be accurately assessed and validate the prognostic value of these criteria at this early posttherapy time point.
Experimental Design: A total of 114 consecutive patients with hepatocellular carcinoma receiving combination therapy were retrospectively enrolled. The therapy response at different time points was assessed using RECIST, EASL, and mRECIST. Cox regression analysis and Kaplan–Meier curves were used to assess overall survival (OS) in the responders and nonresponders.
Results: At the third follow-up (median, 94 days; range, 89–102 days) after therapy, the response rates obtained using EASL (50.6%) and mRECIST (51.6%) were greater than that obtained using RECIST (16.5%). The agreement was strong between the mRECIST and EASL results (k = 0.9) but weak between mRECIST and RECIST (k = 0.3). The EASL and mRECIST responses significantly correlated with survival. Risk reductions of 52% and 50% were observed for EASL and mRECIST responders, respectively, compared with nonresponders. However, no significant association between the treatment response and survival was observed using RECIST.
Conclusions: The earliest time to evaluate the response to combination therapy is 3 months (median, 94 days) after therapy. EASL and mRECIST responses are independent predictors for OS at this early time point. Clin Cancer Res; 20(6); 1623–31. ©2014 AACR.