bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serological survey of leptospirosis in livestock in Thailand
Authors: SUWANCHAROEN D. , CHAISAKDANUGULL Y. , THANAPONGTHARM W. , YOSHIDA S. 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYA cross-sectional serological survey was conducted during January to August 2001 to determine the seroprevalence ofLeptospiraserovars in five species of livestock in Thailand and to identify associations between seropositivity and sex, age, species and geographical locations. Sera from 14188 livestock (9288 cattle, 1376 buffaloes, 1898 pigs, 1110 sheep, 516 goats) from 36 provinces were tested for antibodies against 24Leptospiraserovars with the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for which the criterion for a positive result was set at a titre of ⩾1:50. A total of 1635 [11·5%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 11·0–12·0] animals were seropositive and the highest prevalence (30·4%, 95% CI 28·2–32·5) of evidence of infection was recorded in the northeast region followed by the central region (22·2%, 95% CI 20–24·6). Seroprevalences recorded for cattle, buffaloes, pigs, sheep and goats were 9·9% (95% CI 9·3–10·5), 30·5% (95% CI 28·1–32·9), 10·8% (95% CI 9·5–12·3), 4·7% (95% CI 3·6–6·1) and 7·9% (95% CI 5·8–10·5), respectively. Buffaloes were 3·1 (95% CI 2·8–3·4) times more likely than cattle to be seropositive. The most commonly detected antibodies were againstL. interrogansserovars Ranarum, Sejroe, and Mini in cattle, Mini, Sejroe, and Bratislava in buffaloes, Ranarum, Pomona, and Bratislava in pigs and Mini, Shermani, and Ranarum in sheep and goats. Seroprevalences in cattle and buffaloes trended upwards with increasing age and there was no difference in the risk of seropositivity between males and females.
Persistent organic pollutants in bird, fish and invertebrate samples from King George Island, Antarctica
Authors: Cipro Caio V.Z. , Colabuono Fernanda I. , Taniguchi Satie , Montone Rosalinda Carmela 
Published: January 2013

AbstractDespite small direct anthropic/anthropogenic influence, Antarctica cannot be considered out of the reach of pollutants. The present study evaluated the distribution and transfer of the following organic pollutants: PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), organochlorine pesticides and PBDEs (polybrominated diphenyl ethers) in invertebrates, fish, bird eggs and liver samples from Admiralty Bay, King George Island, South Shetland Islands. The prevailing compounds were (in ng g-1 wet weight for species averages): PCBs up to 1821 for birds, 6.82 for fish and 41.3 for invertebrates, HCB (hexachlorobenzene) up to 69.8 for birds, 0.66 for fish and 0.56 for invertebrates and DDTs (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) up to 524 for birds, 3.04 for fish and 0.74 for invertebrates. PBDEs (detected only in bird eggs and liver, up to 39.1 and 7.95, respectively) occurred in levels one or two orders of magnitude lower than organochlorines, probably due to the lower and more recent usage of PBDEs. The qualitative profiles of PCBs agree with trophic level and diet data. PBDEs showed small difference in composition when compared to the technical product available in the Americas, especially in endemic species, which could indicate that fractionation does not have a major role for this contaminant group. Trophic level, but also and more importantly, diet, range, ecological niche and “growth dilution” effect explain the variation of pollutants concentrations found in this study.
Factors determining nematode distributions at Cape Hallett and Gondwana station, Antarctica
Authors: Raymond Mélianie R. , Wharton David A. , Marshall Craig J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe distribution of nematodes at Cape Hallett and Gondwana station was found to be patchy but consistent, broad-scale habitat preferences were identified. These had been previously noted in McMurdo Dry Valleys soils and on Ross Island, indicating that habitat preferences are consistent across large scales and may play a role in determining range limits. Soil geochemistry, especially salinity, has a strong impact on distribution patterns. The distinct distribution patterns of the four species indicate different niches.Panagrolaimus davidiTimm is the only nematode that can survive within penguin rookeries, where salinity is high but bacterial food is plentiful.Scottnema lindsayaeTimm was found across the greatest range of habitats, including the driest sites and largest salinity range.Plectussp. was found in the wettest sites, with high organic content and low salinity.Eudorylaimus antarcticusSteiner (Yeates) was found at low densities and with other nematodes indicating a dependence on prey availability, an example of a biotic interaction structuring even these simplest ecosystems. Field-identifiable features could be used to identify probable nematode habitats, providing useful information for sampling and the selection of conservation areas.
Effect of insulin on the cell cycle of germinating maize seeds (Zea maysL.)
Authors: Avila-Alejandre Alma X. , Espejel Fulgencio , Paz-Lemus Esmeralda , Cortés-Barberena Edith , Díaz de León-Sánchez Fernando , Dinkova Tzvetanka D. , Sánchez de Jiménez Estela , Pérez-Flores Laura J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractDuring seed germination, metabolism is reactivated, DNA is repaired and cell division is restarted in the meristems. The mechanisms that co-ordinate cell growth and division in maize embryonic axes during germination are not well understood. However, the presence of a factor similar to IGF (insulin-like growth factor) that accelerates germination has been reported. In the present work, the regulation of the cell-cycle restart by bovine insulin [which has been demonstrated to produce similar effects as insulin-like growth factor of maize (ZmIGF) in maize seeds] was studied in germinating embryonic axes. Our results showed that bovine insulin differentially stimulates growth, S6K phosphorylation,S6rptranscript accumulation on the polysomal fraction, as well asde novoDNA synthesis in the radicles and the coleoptiles of the embryonic axis. A stronger and earlier effect was observed in radicles compared to coleoptiles; therefore, the effect of insulin on the cell cycle of the root meristem was studied by flow cytometry. The G1–S transition was stimulated and cell proliferation was induced. Furthermore, it was determined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) that bovine insulin increased E2F and PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) transcription after 15 h of germination and PCNAde novosynthesis at 15 h of germination. These results show that bovine insulin preferentially stimulates growth in the radicles of germinating embryonic axes and suggest that its effect on the G1–S transition and the activation of cell proliferation is mediated by the induction of E2F and PCNA transcription.
Game on: do children absorb sports sponsorship messages?
Authors: Pettigrew Simone , Rosenberg Michael , Ferguson Renee , Houghton Stephen , Wood Lisa 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectiveIt is likely that there are substantial subconscious effects of organizations’ efforts to associate their products with sport via sponsorships, but most research methods are unable to capture these effects. The present study employed a novel projective technique to explore children's implicit associations between popular sports and a range of sports sponsors.DesignChildren participated in an activity using magnets bearing the logos of numerous sports and sponsors. They were invited to arrange the magnets on a whiteboard without being advised that the activity related to sponsorship.SettingPerth, Western Australia.SubjectsChildren (n 164) aged 5–12 years.ResultsThree-quarters (76 %) of the children aligned at least one correct sponsor magnet with the relevant sport. Just over half the children (54 %) correctly matched the most popular sport (an Australian Football League team) with its relevant sponsor (a fast-food chain).ConclusionsGiven the unstructured nature of the projective task, the results provide some support for the argument that sports sponsorship can effectively reach child audiences. This is of concern given the current extent of sponsorship by alcohol and fast-food companies.
Meeting needs of Muslim girls in school sport: Case studies exploring cultural and religious diversity
Authors: Benn Tansin , Pfister Gertrud 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis paper contains a sociocultural analysis of school sport experiences of Muslim girls in two countries with different gender policies in physical education (PE) classes: England and Denmark. In Denmark, PE lessons take place in co‐educative classes, in England schools are more diverse, with predominantly co‐educational but also single‐sex and faith schools offering different learning contexts. Two case studies from Denmark and England are used to explore the experiences of migrant Muslim girls in these different settings. A social constructionist approach to gender underpins the interpretation of stakeholders' voices on the inclusion of Muslim girls and the analysis of PE discourses in these countries. Findings illustrate similarities and differences at the interface of cultural diversity, political rhetoric of inclusion and realities of sport experiences for Muslim girls in both countries. Complex influences on PE experiences include gender stereotypes, cultural and religious orientations and practices, as well as actions and expectations of parents, communities and coaches/teachers. The studies provide insights into the ways participants managed their identities as Muslim girls in different sport environments to enable participation and retention of their cultural identities. Highlighted throughout the paper are the ways in which school sport policy and practice, providers and gatekeepers, can include or exclude groups, in this case Muslim girls. Too often coaches and teachers are unaware of crucial facts about their learners, not only in terms of their physical development and capabilities but also in terms of their cultural needs. Mistakes in creating conducive learning environments leave young people to negotiate a way to participate or refrain from participation.
Wavelet characterization of external magnetic sources as observed by CHAMP satellite: evidence for unmodelled signals in geomagnetic field models
Authors: Kunagu Praveen , Balasis Georgios , Lesur Vincent , Chandrasekhar E. , Papadimitriou C. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
We apply continuous wavelet transform technique to the full decade (2001–2010) of CHAMP vector magnetic data from 55417 tracks, to search for evidences of external source field signatures that are either misunderstood or ignored in modern magnetic field models. We show that satellite magnetic time-series, after subtracting the main and lithospheric field contributions, exhibit several external source signals. Other than the diurnal, 27-day, and annual periodicities, we also have observed the 210-day periodicity, in the external magnetic field. Central to these observations is the local time dependency of 27-day variations, which suggests that the purely zonal source model, generally considered for the estimation of electromagnetic induction response is inadequate. We discuss the origin and characteristics of 210-day periodicity, although its geophysical significance needs to be fully ascertained. A better understanding of the external fields as seen at satellite altitude is a prerequisite for an optimum exploitation of Swarm multi-satellite mission, which is scheduled for launch in 2013.
A Note on Voicing Alternation In The Tibetan Verbal System
Authors: Hill Nathan W. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA recent paper on the prehistory of the Tibetan verbal system by Guillaume Jacques (2012), in keeping with many previous authorities, presents Tibetan verbs as occurring in pairs, with a voiced intransitive and a voice‐alternating transitive member. However, as noticed by Uray, Tibetan verbs occur in triplets with no relationship between voicing and transitivity.
Demographic variables and fathers' involvement with their child with disabilities
Authors: Brągiel Józefa , Kaniok Przemysław E. 
Published: January 2013

The main purpose of this study is to examine whether fathers' involvement with their child with disabilities is correlated with some of the demographic variables. Data were collected from 243 Polish fathers who were married and who had at least one child with disabilities. The issue was assessed by two measures: a Questionnaire and the Father Involvement Scale. The results of the multiple regression show that fathers' involvement is significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with the level of fathers' concentration on the needs of their child with disabilities, the level of fathers' cooperation with their wives, the number of years during which parents cared for a child with disabilities, time devoted by fathers daily for their child with disabilities, fathers' self‐esteem, fathers' education, the level of disability of a child, the level of fathers' skills in dealing with their child with disabilities and the level of fathers' knowledge about their child with disabilities.A video abstract of this article can be viewed at: http://youtu.be/XpTojch0j9Y
Common laboratory tests predict imminent medical emergency team calls, intensive care unit admission or death in emergency department patients
Authors: Loekito Elsa , Bailey James , Bellomo Rinaldo , Hart Graeme K , Hegarty Colin , Davey Peter , Bain Christopher , Pilcher David , Schneider Hans 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the ability of commonly measured laboratory variables to predict imminent (within the same or next calendar day) medical emergency team (MET) calls, ICU admission or death.MethodsWe performed a retrospective observational study of ED patients. We estimated the ability of each laboratory variable or combination of variables together with patient age to predict imminent MET calls, ICU admission or death. We externally validated our findings in patients from a different hospital.ResultsWe studied 160 341 batches in 71 453 ED patients (average age: 59.9 ± 22.1 years) for a total of 1 million individual measurements. There were 341 MET calls, 160 ICU admissions from the wards and 858 deaths. Multivariable modelling achieved a receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (ROC‐AUC) of 0.69 (95% CI 0.63–0.74) for imminent MET call with prediction occurring a mean of 11.9 h before the call. Additionally, it achieved a ROC‐AUC of 0.82 (95% CI 0.73–0.87) for imminent ICU admission. Finally, it achieved a ROC‐AUC of 0.90 (95% CI 0.87–0.91) for imminent death. When tested using an additional 37 367 batches from a cohort of 21 430 ED patients from a second teaching hospital, the multivariate model achieved a ROC‐AUC of 0.70 (95% CI 0.66–0.73) for imminent MET call, a ROC‐AUC of 0.84 (95% CI 0.78–0.90) for imminent ICU admission. Finally, it achieved a ROC‐AUC of 0.89 (95% CI 0.86–0.91) for imminent death.ConclusionsCommonly performed laboratory tests can help predict imminent MET calls, ICU admission or death in ED patients. Prospective investigations of the clinical utility of such predictions appear desirable.
Whole‐body computed tomography in the initial assessment of trauma patients: Is there optimal criteria for patient selection?
Authors: Hsiao Kai Hsun , Dinh Michael M , McNamara Kylie P , Bein Kendall J , Roncal Susan , Saade Charbel , Waugh Richard C , Chi Kee Fung 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the use of whole‐body computed tomography (WBCT) at this Major Trauma Centre; to determine independent predictors of multi‐region injury; and to evaluate the accuracy of the decision to perform WBCT in detecting multi‐region injury.MethodsA prospective cohort study was performed at a single Major Trauma Centre in New South Wales, Australia. All adult patients who triggered trauma team activation and required an initial CT scan were studied. Primary outcome was the presence of multi‐region injury. Logistic regression with stepwise selection was used to derive a prediction model for the need for WBCT based on our primary outcome. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to compare the accuracy of the derived model and the clinical decision to perform WBCT.ResultsSix hundred and sixty patients were studied. WBCT scanning rate was 9.3% of all trauma activations. Of the patients who underwent WBCT, 31/98 (32.0%) had multi‐region injury compared with 31/562 (5.5%) who underwent selective CT scanning (P < 0.001). Predictors of multi‐region injuries were GCS <9 (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.3–7.0, P = 0.01), full trauma activation (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.5–5.3, P = 0.001), fall >5 m (OR 4.8, 95% CI 1.8–13.4, P = 0.003) and pedal cyclist (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.2–7.5, P = 0.02). Area under ROC curve for the clinical decision to perform WBCT was 0.70 (95% CI 0.63–0.76) compared with 0.74 (95% CI 0.67–0.80) for the prediction model.ConclusionThe decision to perform WBCT scans in trauma should be at the discretion of the treating clinician. Applying a prediction rule would increase the number of WBCT scans performed without improving overall accuracy.
‘Registrar in charge shifts’: Learning how to run a busy emergency department
Authors: Craig Simon , Dowling Jonathan 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectivesIn Australasia, emergency registrars usually gain experience ‘running’ an ED overnight – without supervision. This paper describes the introduction of FACEM‐supervised daytime ‘registrar in charge’ (RIC) shifts into a tertiary adult ED over a 6 month period.MethodsEach registrar was allocated at least one RIC shift during their 13 week ED term. Structured questionnaires gathered data regarding the educational impact of the shifts, any adverse effects on departmental function, changes to work practices, and perceptions of teaching and learning. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsDuring the study period, 16 senior ED registrars were rostered for 26 RIC shifts. Questionnaires were completed by 16/16 registrars and 13/16 emergency physicians. The RIC shifts were viewed positively by the emergency registrars – 93% reported useful feedback, felt that the shifts provided a good insight into their workplace behaviour, and that they should be rolled out across other departments. FACEMs were also positive in their evaluation, and reported little negative impact on departmental function. Major themes identified by both registrars and emergency physicians included communication skills, knowledge and experience, delegation, professionalism and organisational skills. Additional themes that were more prominent in FACEM responses included multitasking, dealing with interruptions, managing patient flow and being aware of the whole department.ConclusionsRIC shifts are a feasible and acceptable method to teach running the floor in the ED. Further study should assess impact on patient outcomes.
Head injury: Audit of a clinical guideline to justify head CT
Authors: Haydon Nicholas B 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIntroductionHead injury causes significant morbidity and mortality, and there is contention about which patients to scan. The UK National Health Service Clinical Guideline (CG) 56 provides criteria for selecting patients with clinically important brain injury who may benefit from a head CT scan, while minimising the radiation and economic burden of scanning patients without significant injury. This study aims to audit the documentation of the use of these guidelines in a busy UK trauma hospital and discusses the comparison with an Australian (New South Wales (NSW) ) head injury guideline.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of 480 patients presenting with head injury to the emergency department over 2 months was performed. The patient notes were assessed for documentation of each aspect of the clinical guidelines. Criteria were established to assess the utilisation of the CG 56. A database of clinical data was amalgamated with the head CT scan results for each patient.ResultsFor the UK CG 56, 73% of the criteria were documented, with the least documented being ‘signs of basal skull fracture’ and ‘amnesia of events’. Thirty‐two per cent of patients received head CT and of these, 24% (37 patients) were reported to have pathology. Twenty‐four patients underwent head CT without clinical justification being documented, none of which had reported pathology on CT.ConclusionThe study shows that the head injury guidelines are not being fully utilised at a major UK trauma hospital, resulting in 5% of patients being exposed to ionising radiation without apparent documented clinical justification. The NSW guideline has distinct differences to the CG 56, with a more complex algorithm and an absence of specific time frames for head CT completion. The results suggest a need for further education and awareness of head injury clinical guidelines.
DNAbarcode reference data for the Korean herpetofauna and their applications
Authors: Jeong Tae Jin , Jun Jumin , Han Sanghoon , Kim Hyun Tae , Oh Kyunghee , Kwak Myounghai 
Published: January 2013

AbstractRecently, amphibians and reptiles have drawn attention because of declines in species and populations caused mainly by habitat loss, overexploitation and climate change. This study constructed a DNA barcode database for the Korean herpetofauna, including all the recorded amphibians and 68% of the recorded reptiles, to provide a useful, standardized tool for species identification in monitoring and management. A total of 103 individuals from 18 amphibian and 17 reptile species were used to generate barcode sequences using partial sequences of the mitochondrialcytochrome c oxidase subunit I(COI) gene and to compare it with other suggested barcode loci. Comparing 16SrRNA,cytochrome b(Cytb) andCOIfor amphibians and 12SrRNA,CytbandCOIfor reptiles, our results revealed thatCOIis better than the other markers in terms of a high level of sequence variation without length variation and moderate amplification success. Although theCOImarker had no clear barcoding gap because of the high level of intraspecific variation, all of the analysed individuals from the same species clustered together in a neighbour‐joining tree. High intraspecific variation suggests the possibility of cryptic species. Finally, using this database, confiscated snakes were identified asElaphe schrenckii, designated as endangered in Korea and a food contaminant was identified as the lizardTakydromus amurensis.