bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovative gold nanoparticle patterning and selective metallization
Authors: Kooij E.S. , Raza M.A. , Zandvliet H.J.W. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTWe present a simple, novel procedure to selectively deposit gold nanoparticles using pure water. It enables patterning of nanoparticle monolayers with a remarkably high degree of selectivity on flat as well as microstructured oxide surfaces. We demonstrate that water molecules form a thin ‘capping’ layer on exposed thiol molecules within the mercaptan self-assembled layer. This reversible capping of water molecules locally ‘deactivates’ the thiol groups, therewith inhibiting the binding of metallic gold nanoparticles to these specific areas. In addition, we show that this amazing role of water molecules can be used to selectively metalize the patterned gold nanoparticle arrays. Employing an electroless seeded growth process, the isolated seeds are enlarged past the percolation threshold to deposit conducting metal layers.
The Addition of MRI to CT Based Stroke and TIA Evaluation Does Not Impact One year Outcomes
Authors: Hefzy Hebah , Neil Elizabeth , Penstone Patricia , Mahan Meredith , Mitsias Panayiotis , Silver Brian 
Published: June 2013

Background:
The 2010 American Academy of Neurology guideline for the diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke recommends MRI with diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) over noncontrast head CT. No studies have evaluated the influence of imaging choice on patient outcome. We sought to evaluate the variables that influenced one-year outcomes of stroke and TIA patients, including the type of imaging utilized.

Methods:
Patients were identified from a prospectively collected stroke and TIA database at a single primary stroke center during a one-year period. Data were abstracted from patient electronic medical records. The primary outcome measure was death, myocardial infarction, or recurrent stroke within the following year. Secondary outcome measures included predictors of getting an MRI study.

Results:
727 consecutive patients with a discharge diagnosis of stroke or TIA were identified (616 and 111 respectively); 536 had CT and MRI, 161 had CT alone, 29 had MRI alone, and one had no neuroimaging. On multiple logistic regression analysis, there were no differences in primary or secondary outcome measures among different imaging strategies. Predictors of the primary outcome measure included age and NIHSS, while performance of a CT angiogram (CTA) predicted a decreased odds of death, stroke, or MI. The strongest predictor of having an MRI was admission to a stroke unit.

Conclusions:
These results suggest that long-term (one-year) patient outcomes may not be influenced by imaging strategy. Performance of a CTA was protective in this cohort. A randomized trial of different imaging modalities should be considered.
Methemoglobinemia-Induced Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Qureshi Amir H. , Soberon Daniel J. , Asif Arif , Vachharajani Tushar , Nayer Ali 
Published: June 2013

IntroductionMethemoglobinemia refers to the presence of increased levels of methemoglobin (Fe3+) in the blood. Methemoglobinemia can cause cyanosis, dyspnea, fatigue, seizure, arrhythmia, coma, and even death. Although methemoglobinemia is shown to cause acute kidney injury in experimental settings, human case reports are exceedingly rare. In addition, morphological features of methemoglobinemia-induced renal disease in humans remain undefined.Case PresentationA 76-year-old man with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease underwent bronchoscopy following local anesthesia with a benzocaine spray. The patient developed benzocaine-induced methemoglobinemia and acute renal failure. Urinalysis disclosed numerous dysmorphic erythrocytes, erythrocyte casts, and granular casts. Urine protein excretion was approximately 1.1 g/day. Serologic tests were negative. Renal biopsy demonstrated minor glomerular abnormalities, severe acute tubular necrosis, and numerous erythrocyte casts in the tubules. Despite supportive care, renal function deteriorated necessitating hemodialysis. Four months later, the patient remained on hemodialysis. To exclude a superimposed pathology, renal biopsy was repeated and showed numerous erythrocyte casts in the tubules and severe tubular damage.ConclusionMethemoglobinemia can cause acute kidney injury in humans. Morphological features resemble those observed in methemoglobin-induced acute kidney injury in experimental settings. This case calls for a heightened awareness of potential adverse effects of methemoglobinemia on renal function.
Comments by the Auditing Standards Committee of the Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association on Framework for Audit Quality, Consultation Paper by the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board
Authors: Demirkan Sebahattin , Feng Nancy Chun , Mintchik Natalia , Pevzner Mikhail , Sierra Gregory 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARY
On January 15, 2013, the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB) solicited public comments on the exposure draft of its consultation paper entitled A Framework for Audit Quality (the Framework). The four-month comment period ended on May 15, 2013. This commentary summarizes the contributors' views on this exposure draft (the exposure draft and related information are available at: http://www.ifac.org/publications-resources/framework-audit-quality).
This consultation paper makes great strides toward meeting the IAASB's strategy of “enhancing the quality of assurance” and “supporting global financial stability.” The three-by-three design (attributes of audit quality coupled with engagement, firm, and national levels; see page 24 of the Framework) and detailed outline of inputs, outputs, context, and interactions provides practitioners, regulators, and other stakeholders with a common audit-quality roadmap for implementation, communication, and research agendas. As financial systems continue to become more integrated, the Framework supports the global financial system and economic stability by providing worldwide coordination of the expectations of auditors, regulators, investors, and other stakeholders. We also believe that the Framework should be of great use to auditing academics and doctoral students, both as a teaching and research tool. Summarized below are our specific comments on specific issues raised in the consultation paper.
Resistance to Tenofovir-Based Regimens during Treatment Failure of Subtype C HIV-1 in South Africa
Authors: Hoffmann Christopher J , Ledwaba Johanna , Li Jin-fen , Johnston Victoria , Hunt Gillian , Fielding Katherine L , Chaisson Richard E , Churchyard Gavin J , Grant Alison D , Johnson Jeffrey A , Charalambous Salome , Morris Lynn 
Published: June 2013

Background Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is increasingly available for patients infected with subtype C HIV-1. This subtype is reported to develop the principal TDF resistance mutation in the HIV reverse transcriptase, K65R, with greater propensity than other subtypes. We sought to describe K65R development during TDF use in a cohort of patients infected with subtype C HIV. Methods Using a prospectively followed cohort with 6 monthly HIV RNA assays, we identified virological failure (defined as an HIV RNA>1,000 copies/ml) during treatment that included TDF. Residual serum, stored at the time of the HIV RNA assay, was used for consensus sequencing and allele-specific PCR. We assessed prevalence of resistance at failure during TDF-containing treatment and associated factors. Results Among 1,682 patients on a TDF-containing regimen, 270 developed failure of which 40 were assessed for resistance. By sequencing, the K65R was identified in 5 (12%), major non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor mutations in 24 (57%) and the M184V/I in 12 (28%) patients. The K65R was associated with lower HIV RNA at failure (HIV RNA 3.3 versus 4.2 log10 copies/ml) and prior stavudine exposure. An additional five patients had minority K65R populations identified by allele-specific PCR. Conclusions These data suggest that the K65R prevalence at virological failure is moderately higher in our subtype C population than some non-subtype C HIV cohorts. However, we did not find that the K65R was highly selected in HIV-1 subtype-C-infected patients with up to 6 months of failure of a TDF-containing regimen.
Size, Order, and Connected Domination
Authors: Mukwembi Simon 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe give a sharp upper bound on the size of a triangle-free graph of a given order and connected domination. Our bound, apart from strengthening an old classical theorem of Mantel and of Turén improves on a theorem of Sanchis. Further, as corollaries, we settle a long standing conjecture of Graffiti on the leaf number and local independence for triangle-free graphs and answer a question of Griggs, Kleitman, and Shastri on a lower bound of the leaf number in triangle-free graphs.
Platelet-Rich Plasma in Cosmetic Surgery
Authors: Seth Rahul , Kang Robert S , Lee Matthew K , Keller Gregory S 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is blood plasma containing an above baseline level of platelets and growth factors. PRP is an emerging new treatment utilized to enhance wound healing and has been in clinical use over the last several decades within many disciplines, such as orthopedic, oral-maxillofacial and cardiac surgery. Recently, PRP has come to the attention of esthetic surgeons, with burgeoning new applications ranging from hair restoration to soft tissue augmentation. The goal of this review is to describe the current body of literature on PRP as it pertains to the field of esthetics, and to review its current real-world applications. PRP's utility in cosmetic surgery is rapidly growing and offers a promising and exciting new therapeutic modality.

How to cite this article
Kang RS, Lee MK, Seth R, Keller GS. Platelet-Rich Plasma in Cosmetic Surgery. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2013;5(1):24-28.
Content Management Systems: Trends in Academic Libraries
Authors: Connell Ruth Sara 
Published: June 2013

Academic libraries, and their parent institutions, are increasingly using Content Management Systems (CMSs) for website management. In this study, the author surveyed academic library web managers from four-year institutions to discover whether they had adopted CMSs, which tools they were using, and their satisfaction with their website management system. Other issues, such as institutional control over library website management, were raised. The survey results showed that CMS satisfaction levels vary by tool, and that many libraries do not have input into the selection their CMS because the determination is made at an institutional level. These findings will be helpful for decision makers involved in the selection of CMSs for academic libraries.
Using wood on King Island, Alaska
Authors: Alix Claire 
Published: June 2013

Ugiuvak, or King Island, off the coast of the Seward Peninsula in the Bering Strait, is among the few Arctic villages with stilt houses in an environment where wood is essentially lacking. In 1899, Edward W. Nelson, describing the island’s architecture, noted that wood was abundant. Today, the contrast is striking between the bareness and steepness of the coast and the extensive use of wood in the village. This article presents information about wood procurement and use as building material on Ugiuvak in the last 300 years based on literature review, on-site observations, and discussions with members of the King Island community. It briefly reviews the origin, circulation, and deposition of driftwood in the Bering Strait region. It then explores the possibility of a relationship in the 19th century between an increase in driftwood availability and the development of stilt architecture on the island, taking into account other wood sources that became available at the time. The last 150 years of occupation of the village were marked by a transition from a solely driftwood-based economy to one where driftwood was first supplemented and then largely replaced by lumber.
Factors associated with loss to clinic among HIV patients not yet known to be eligible for antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Mozambique
Authors: Pati Rituparna , Lahuerta Maria , Elul Batya , Okamura Mie , Alvim Maria Fernanda , Schackman Bruce , Bang Heejung , Fernandes Rufino , Assan Americo , Lima Josue , Nash Denis ,   for the Identifying Optimal Models of HIV Care in Mozambique Study Group
Published: June 2013

IntroductionRetention in HIV care prior to ART initiation is generally felt to be suboptimal, but has not been well‐characterized.MethodsWe examined data on 37,352 adult pre‐ART patients (ART ineligible or unknown eligibility) who enrolled in care during 2005–2008 with >1 clinical visit at 23 clinics in Mozambique. We defined loss to clinic (LTC) as >12 months since the last visit among those not known to have died/transferred. Cox proportional‐hazards models were used to examine factors associated with LTC, accounting for clustering within sites.ResultsOf 37,352 pre‐ART patients, 61% had a CD4 count within three months of enrolment (median CD4: 452, IQR: 345–611). 17,598 (47.1%) were ART ineligible and 19,754 (52.9%) were of unknown eligibility status at enrolment because of missing information on CD4 count and/or WHO stage. Kaplan‐Meier estimates for LTC at 12 months were 41% (95% CI: 40.2–41.8) and 48% (95% CI: 47.2–48.8), respectively. Factors associated with LTC among ART ineligible patients included male sex (AHRmen_vs_non‐pregnant women: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.4–1.6) and being pregnant at enrolment (AHRpregnant_vs_non‐pregnant women: 1.3; 95% CI: 1.1–1.5). Older age, more education, higher weight and more advanced WHO stage at enrolment were independently associated with lower risks of LTC. Similar findings were observed among patients whose ART eligibility status was unknown at enrolment.ConclusionsSubstantial LTC occurred prior to ART initiation among patients not yet known to be eligible for ART, including nearly half of patients without documented ART eligibility assessment. Interventions are needed to target pre‐ART patients who may be at higher risk for LTC, including pregnant women and patients with less advanced HIV disease.
Safety of Surgery After Rituximab Therapy in 133 Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Data From the AutoImmunity and Rituximab Registry
Authors: Godot S. , Gottenberg J.‐E. , Paternotte S. , Pane I. , Combe B. , Sibilia J. , Flipo R.‐M. , Schaeverbeke T. , Ravaud P. , Toussirot E. , Berenbaum F. , Mariette X. , Wendling D. , Sellam J. 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveWe used data from the AutoImmunity and Rituximab (AIR) registry to investigate the safety of surgery for patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving rituximab (RTX) in routine care.MethodsData for patients included in the AIR registry and undergoing surgery during the year following an infusion of RTX were reviewed to describe the frequency of postsurgical complications, compare patients with and without complications, and identify factors associated with complications.ResultsWe examined data for 133 patients with a known date of surgery and at least 1 followup visit, corresponding to 140 procedures, including 94 orthopedic surgeries (67%) and 23 abdominal surgeries (16.5%). The median delay between surgery and the last RTX infusion was 6.4 months (interquartile range 4.3–8.7 months), without any difference between patients with and without complications. Nine patients (6.7%) experienced 12 complications (8.5%), including 8 surgical site infections (5.7%) and 1 death due to septic shock. Postoperative complications occurred after 4.3% of abdominal surgeries (1 of 23) and 7.4% of orthopedic surgeries (7 of 95). On univariate analysis, spine surgery was associated with postoperative complications (P = 0.048).ConclusionIn common practice, the risk of complications may be more important in case of spine surgery, but does not seem to be linked to the time between the last RTX infusion and surgery.
High Performance Multi‐Level Non‐Volatile Polymer Memory with Solution‐Blended Ferroelectric Polymer/High‐k Insulators for Low Voltage Operation
Authors: Hwang Sun Kak , Bae Insung , Cho Suk Man , Kim Richard Hahnkee , Jung Hee Joon , Park Cheolmin 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPolymer ferroelectric‐gate field effect transistors (Fe‐FETs) employing ferroelectric polymer thin films as gate insulators are highly attractive as a next‐generation non‐volatile memory. Furthermore, polymer Fe‐FETs have been recently of interest owing to their capability of storing data in more than 2 states in a single device, that is, they have multi‐level cell (MLC) operation potential for high density data storage. However, among a variety of technological issues of MLC polymer Fe‐FETs, the requirement of high voltage for cell operation is one of the most urgent problems. Here, a low voltage operating MLC polymer Fe‐FET memory with a high dielectric constant (k) ferroelectric polymer insulator is presented. Effective enhancement of capacitance of the ferroelectric gate insulator layer is achieved by a simple binary solution‐blend of a ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐trifluoroethylene) (PVDF‐TrFE) (k ≈ 8) with a relaxer high‐k poly(vinylidene‐fluoride–trifluoroethylene–chlorotrifluoroethylene) (PVDF‐TrFE‐CTFE) (k ≈ 18). At optimized conditions, a ferroelectric insulator with a PVDF‐TrFE/PVDF‐TrFE‐CTFE (10/5) blend composition enables the discrete six‐level multi‐state operation of a MLC Fe‐FET at a gate voltage sweep of ±18 V with excellent data retention and endurance of each state of more than 104 s and 120 cycles, respectively.
In Situ Formation of Dendrites in Eumelanin Thin Films between Gold Electrodes
Authors: Wünsche Julia , Cardenas Luis , Rosei Federico , Cicoira Fabio , Gauvin Reynald , Graeff Carlos F. O. , Poulin Suzie , Pezzella Alessandro , Santato Clara 
Published: June 2013

AbstractEumelanin is a ubiquitous pigment in the human body, animals, and plants, with potential for bioelectronic applications because of its unique set of physical and chemical properties, including strong UV‐vis absorption, mixed ionic/electronic conduction, free radical scavenging and anti‐oxidant properties. Herein, a detailed investigation is reported of eumelanin thin films grown on substrates patterned with gold electrodes as a model system for device integration, using electrical measurements, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy. Under prolonged electrical biasing in humid air, one can observe gold dissolution and formation of gold‐eumelanin nanoaggregates, the assembly of which leads to the formation of dendrites forming conductive pathways between the electrodes. Based on results collected with eumelanins from different sources, a mechanism is proposed for the formation of the nanoaggregates and dendrites, taking into account the metal binding properties of eumelanin. The surprising interaction between eumelanin and gold points to new opportunities for the fabrication of eumelanin‐gold nanostructures and biocompatible memory devices and should be taken into account in the design of devices based on eumelanin thin films.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Domino Cyclization (5‐exo/3‐exo), Ring‐ Expansion by Palladium Rearrangement, and Aromatization: An Expedient Synthesis of 4‐Arylnicotinates from Morita–Baylis–Hillman Adducts
Authors: Kim Ko Hoon , Kim Se Hee , Lee Hyun Ju , Kim Jae Nyoung 
Published: June 2013

AbstractVarious 4‐arylnicotinate derivatives were synthesized via a palladium‐catalyzed cascade reaction of N‐(2‐bromoallyl)‐N‐cinnamyltosylamides in a one‐pot procedure in good yields. The reaction involves a domino 5‐exo/3‐exo carbopalladation, ring‐expansion by palladium rearrangement, and an aromatization process.
A Continuous Flow Solution to Achieving Efficient Aerobic Anti‐Markovnikov Wacker Oxidation
Authors: Bourne S. L. , Ley S. V. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAn aerobic anti‐Markovnikov Wacker oxidation for the flow‐synthesis of arylacetaldehydes is reported. In the process, flow chemistry techniques have provided a means to control and minimise the over‐oxidation of sensitive products. The reaction showed general applicability to various functionalised styrenes and provided a process capable of a multi‐gram scale.
Dietary zinc intake is inversely associated to metabolic syndrome in male but not in female urban adolescents
Authors: Suarez‐Ortegón Milton F. , Ordoñez‐Betancourth Jenny E. , Aguilar‐de Plata Cecilia 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship of copper and zinc dietary intakes with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adolescents.MethodsThe sample consisted of 1,311 adolescents aged 11–16 years, and MetS definition by de Ferranti et al. was used. Nutritional intakes, anthropometrical and biochemical markers were measured.ResultsIn males, highest quartile of zinc intake was inversely associated with MetS without and with adjustment by covariables. Without adjustment, highest quartile of copper intake was inversely associated (marginal significance) with MetS, but with adjustment, the relationship was not maintained. Likewise in male gender, elevated waist circumference was the only MetS component inversely associated with highest quartiles of zinc (without and with adjustment) and copper (significant in crude analysis and marginal significant in adjustment by covariables) intakes. In the girls, only waist circumference was significant and inversely associated with highest quartiles of zinc and copper intakes but the association did not remain significant after adjustments.DiscussionIn the adolescents of this study, zinc intake could be more associated to a clustering of anthropometric, vascular, and metabolic alterations than to these alterations separately, and also it is inversely related to this clustering (MetS). However, studies in other populations are necessary to confirm and explain the finding of exclusive association zinc intake‐MetS in male gender adolescents. Further research is required to explore biomarkers of physiological processes (antioxidant function, blood flow regulation, and epigenetic modulation dependent of zinc) in relation to zinc intake and MetS in pediatric and adult populations. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 25:550–554, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.