bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel cell surface adhesion receptors involved in interactions between stromal macrophages and haematopoietic cells
Authors: Crocker Paul R. , Morris Lynn , Gordon Siamon 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT
Immunocytochemical staining of tissues with the mouse macrophage-specific monoclonal antibody, F4/80, has shown that large numbers of stromal macrophages are present in adult and foetal haematopoietic tissues. Macrophage plasma membrane processes are seen to establish extensive associations with myeloid and erythroid cells in adult bone marrow and with developing erythroblasts in foetal liver, suggestive of local trophic interactions. To explore the nature of these interactions, methods were developed for isolation of resident bone marrow macrophages (RBMM) and foetal liver macrophages (FLM). Following collagenase digestion of bone marrow or foetal liver, clusters were obtained which were composed of one or more central macrophages surrounded by proliferating haematopoietic cells. After attachment of clusters to glass coverslips, adherent macrophages could be stripped free of haematopoietic cells by pipetting in the absence of divalent cations. The purified RBMM, but not FLM, expressed a novel haemagglutinin, which mediated binding, without ingestion, of large numbers of unopsonized sheep erythrocytes by a divalent cation-independent mechanism. In view of the possibility that this sheep erythrocyte receptor (SER) could interact with a homologous ligand on mouse bone marrow cells, its properties were examined. SER was found to be a lectin-like protein which recognized protease-resistant sialylated glycoconjugates on sheep erythrocytes. The expression of SER was restricted to certain stromal tissue macrophages and was low or absent on monocytes and macrophages obtained from serous cavities. High levels of SER could be induced on elicited peritoneal macrophages by cultivation in mouse serum and the induced receptor was found to mediate low-avidity binding of murine bone marrow cells with characteristics indistinguishable from those seen for binding of sheep erythrocytes. However, maximal binding of bone marrow cells to RBMM depended on a distinct, divalent cation-dependent adhesion system. Using erythroblasts as a ligand, FLM were selected to explore the properties and expression of this adhesion receptor, the erythroblast receptor (EbR). Similar to SER, EbR did not mediate ingestion, and was restricted in its expression to foetal and adult stromal tissue macrophages. Unlike SER, EbR activity was not affected by neuraminidase treatment of the ligand and the receptor was not induced on peritoneal macrophages cultured in mouse serum. EbR appears to be a novel cell adhesion receptor because it was unaffected by inhibitors of several previously described cell adhesion molecules, including the fibronectin receptor. Future studies will attempt to explore the functional significance of these two receptors in macrophage-haematopoietic cell interactions.
The structure and function of vertebrate mannose lectin-like proteins
Authors: Ezekowitz R. A. B. , Stahl P. D. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT
Sugar-specific recognition is now well established as an important determinant of cell-cell interactions and host defence mechanisms. Macrophages, in particular, are known to express a variety of lectin-like proteins that are specific for oligosaccharides terminating in mannose, fucose, galactose and sialic acid. This review focuses on mannose recognition systems. Terminal mannose is rarely found on mammalian cell surfaces whereas it is ubiquitous on the surfaces of lower organisms. Mammals have evolved at least two mechanisms to recognize terminal mannose residues. These are, first, a mannose receptor located on the surface of macrophages and second, a mannose-binding protein found in blood plasma and secreted by hepatocytes. The mannose receptor is a 175K (K = 103Mr) membrane glycoprotein. The receptor binds glycoproteins bearing high-mannose chains avidly at neutral pH but poorly at pH 5-6. The receptor recycles rapidly between the cell surface, where ligand binding occurs, and various acid intracellular compartments, where the ligand is discharged. The pH dependency of binding and the rapid recycling of receptor allow cells to accumulate many ligand molecules over an extended time. Endocytosis via this pathway appears to be regulated since mannose receptor expression is closely regulated. For example, the receptor is absent from monocytes but strongly expressed on 3-to 4-day-old monocyte-derived macrophages. Receptor expression can be up-and down-regulated by antiinflammatory steroids and γ interferon, respectively. The mechanisms are poorly understood as is the physiological basis for modulation.
The mannose-binding protein is a large oligomeric plasma protein secreted by liver and present in significant amounts in serum. The basic subunit of the mannose-binding protein is a 32K protein, which shows homology with other lectin-like proteins, notably certain surfactant proteins of the lung. The structure of the mannose-binding protein has been deduced from sequence information and DNA cloning experiments. The elaboration of the mannose-binding protein by the liver is regulated; it appears to be an acute phase reactant. Recent evidence suggests that the mannose-binding protein may play some opsonic role in the recognition and killing of organisms. In this review, it is suggested that the mannose receptor and the mannose-binding protein operate ‘hand in glove’ to deal with infectious agents that express mannose on their surfaces.
Protein myristoylation as an intermediate step during signal transduction in macrophages: its role in arachidonic acid metabolism and in responses to interferon γ
Authors: Aderem Alan A. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT
The role of macrophages in the regulation of inflamation and immunity is, in part, due to their secretory repertoire. Among the important mediators released by macrophages are the products of both the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways of arachidonic acid (20:4) metabolism. The principal focus of this paper is the mechanism by which bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) regulate 20:4 metabolism in macrophages. LPS has the capacity to prime macrophages for greatly enhanced 20:4 metabolism when the cells are subsequently challenged with a spectrum of triggers. Concomitant with priming, LPS also promotes the covalent attachment of myristic acid to a set of macrophage proteins. The time and concentration dependence of LPS-induced protein myristoylation is consistent with a role for myristoylation in LPS priming of the 20:4 cascade. One of the myristoylated proteins is a 68K (K = 103Mr) protein kinase C substrate which associates with membranes upon myristoylation. LPS-primed macrophages show greatly increased phosphorylation of the 68K protein when the cells are subsequently treated with protein kinase C activating phorbol esters. It is proposed that the myristoylation of the 68K protein promotes its attachment to the membrane where it is more closely associated with activated protein kinase C (PKC), an association which would ensure more efficient catalysis during the mobilization and oxygenation of 20:4.
This paper also examines protein myristoylation during T-cell-mediated activation of macrophages. Immune-activated macrophages have an enhanced capacity to kill several infectious agents by oxidative mechanisms. The lymphokine γ-interferon (IFNγ) rapidly induces the myristoylation of a 48K protein. This 48K protein is also myristoylated in murine macrophages that have been activated in vivo by intraperitoneal injection of Corynebacterium parvum, suggesting that it may be an important intermediate in the activation of macrophages for enhanced microbicidal capacity.
Transparent and Superhydrophobic Co3O4 Microfiber Films
Authors: Li Jindi , Xu Jiansheng , Wang Ben , Guo Zhiguang 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Transparent and superhydrophobic films of wax-gourd-like biomimetic Co3O4 microfibers were successfully fabricated on glass slides and ITO using a feasible and controllable hydrothermal method, which involved calcination at high temperature. It was demonstrated that the roughness of the as-prepared microfibers could realize not only superhydrophobicity but also preferable transmittance. The transmittance of the Co3O4 microfiber films after chemical modification with thiol reached up to 88.2%, with a contact angle of 165° and a sliding angle as low as 8°.
Effects of High and Low Fat Dairy Food on Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Studies
Authors: Benatar Jocelyne R. , Sidhu Karishma , Stewart Ralph A. H. 
Published: October 2013

ImportanceClear guidelines on the health effects of dairy food are important given the high prevalence of obesity, cardiovascular disease and diabetes, and increasing global consumption of dairy food.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of increased dairy food on cardio metabolic risk factors.Data SourcesSearches were performed until April 2013 using MEDLINE, Science Direct, Google,Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, reference lists of articles, and proceedings of major meetings.Study SelectionRandomized controlled studies with healthy adults randomized to increased dairy food for more than one month without additional interventions.Data Extraction and SynthesisA standard list was used to extract descriptive, methodological and key variables from all eligible studies. If data was not included in the published report corresponding authors were contacted.Results20 studies with 1677 participants with a median duration of dietary change of 26 (IQR 10-39) weeks and mean increase in dairy food intake of 3.6 (SD 0.92) serves/day were included.Increased dairy food intake was associated with a modest weight gain (+0.59, 95% confidence interval 0.34 to 0.84kg, p<0.0001) but no significant change in waist circumference (0.35 , -0.75 to 1.45 cm); insulin resistance (HOMA –IR -0.94 , -1.93 to 0.05 units); fasting glucose (0.87, -0.27 to 2.01 mg/dl); LDL-cholesterol (1.36 ,-2.38 to 5.09 mg/dl); HDL-cholesterol (0.45, -2.13 to 3.04 mg/dl); systolic (-0.13, -1.73 to 1.98 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (0.13, -1.73 to 1.98 mmHg) or C-reactive protein (-0.08, -0.63 to 0.48 mg/L). Results were similar for studies with low-fat and whole-fat dairy interventions.LimitationsMost clinical trials were small and of modest quality. .ConclusionIncreasing whole fat and low fat dairy food consumption increases weight but has minor effects on other cardio-metabolic risk factors.Trial Registration ACTRNAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12613000401752,http://www.anzctr.org.auEthics Approval NumberNTX/10/11/115
Death to Trad Historicism: Futuremania, avant-gardism and Scottish post-Punk 1985–1994
Authors: Dale Pete 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The year 1977, according to certain voices, offered a ‘Year Zero’ in which punk rock was supposed to arrive ex nihilo. However, it did not take long for critical voices to declare that punk rock, in practice, was limited in its ability to so do. Such voices soon demanded a radical post-punk ‘new thing’ which should offer a more genuine avant-garde. Perhaps surprisingly, it took far longer for journalists and other historians of rock to account for this post-punk avant-garde. In the twenty-first century, however, this process has begun in earnest. In some writing related to this topic, a strong faith in the value of novelty for its own sake is apparent, as is a desire to think the development of the first wave of post-punk, c.1978–1984, as a special period with unique importance and self-evident salience. Against such a viewpoint, this article argues that whilst early punk and post-punk music may have involved some discrete eruptions of novelty in which a certain discontinuous ‘time out of joint’ may have been felt to have arrived, to adopt an historicist view that the chronology of such arrivals follows some necessary logic for its stylistic content is to overstate the case. Rather, if one wishes to grasp something of the deeper impetus that often ignites post-punk musicians and other creative individuals’ will to power, one might better engage with the avant-gardist and essentially ‘political’ aspirations that frequently lie behind the development of novel musical approaches. In an attempt to support this argument, the article explores the particular case of post-punk music in Glasgow and Edinburgh from around 1985 onwards, exploring a stylistic development from the Fire Engines, through Dog Faced Hermans, Dawson, the Yummy Fur and others leading up to the mass success of Franz Ferdinand. In several cases within this development, radical political desires are readily identifiable as a supplement to the groups’ musical radicalism. Such can hardly be claimed of the later inheritors of this Scottish scene/style, however, for here the mainstream music industry is embraced in a manner not quite consistent with the scene from which such groups, musically and socially, would appear to have sprung. In the final analysis, the article suggests that the attempt at articulation of music and politics remains of great interest. Perhaps one should hesitate, however, before deciding that this articulation arrived as an accomplished fusion of art and politics or as a moment with some historically verifiable importance: perhaps, if such a fusion is to come, it will require a time out of joint with the logic of historicism.
On the Additive and Dominant Variance and Covariance of Individuals Within the Genomic Selection Scope
Authors: Vitezica Zulma G , Varona Luis , Legarra Andres 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Genomic evaluation models can fit additive and dominant SNP effects. Under quantitative genetics theory, additive or “breeding” values of individuals are generated by substitution effects, which involve both “biological” additive and dominant effects of the markers. Dominance deviations include only a portion of the biological dominant effects of the markers. Additive variance includes variation due to the additive and dominant effects of the markers. We describe a matrix of dominant genomic relationships across individuals, D, which is similar to the G matrix used in genomic best linear unbiased prediction. This matrix can be used in a mixed-model context for genomic evaluations or to estimate dominant and additive variances in the population. From the “genotypic” value of individuals, an alternative parameterization defines additive and dominance as the parts attributable to the additive and dominant effect of the markers. This approach underestimates the additive genetic variance and overestimates the dominance variance. Transforming the variances from one model into the other is trivial if the distribution of allelic frequencies is known. We illustrate these results with mouse data (four traits, 1884 mice, and 10,946 markers) and simulated data (2100 individuals and 10,000 markers). Variance components were estimated correctly in the model, considering breeding values and dominance deviations. For the model considering genotypic values, the inclusion of dominant effects biased the estimate of additive variance. Genomic models were more accurate for the estimation of variance components than their pedigree-based counterparts.
Nanooncology: The future of cancer diagnosis and therapy
Authors: Thakor Avnesh S. , Gambhir Sanjiv S. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn recent years, there has been an unprecedented expansion in the field of nanomedicine with the development of new nanoparticles for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Nanoparticles have unique biological properties given their small size and large surface area‐to‐volume ratio, which allows them to bind, absorb, and carry compounds such as small molecule drugs, DNA, RNA, proteins, and probes with high efficiency. Their tunable size, shape, and surface characteristics also enable them to have high stability, high carrier capacity, the ability to incorporate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances and compatibility with different administration routes, thereby making them highly attractive in many aspects of oncology. This review article will discuss how nanoparticles are able to function as carriers for chemotherapeutic drugs to increase their therapeutic index; how they can function as therapeutic agents in photodynamic, gene, and thermal therapy; and how nanoparticles can be used as molecular imaging agents to detect and monitor cancer progression. CA Cancer J Clin 2013;63:395‐418. ©2013 American Cancer Society, Inc.
Enfants de la rue de Casablanca : enfants et adolescents « exilés dehors »
Authors: Bernichi Asmaa 
Published: October 2013

À Casablanca, comme ailleurs à travers le monde, des enfants et adolescents vivent dans la rue. Ils sont aux prises avec un passé traumatique, un avenir incertain. La rencontre avec ces enfants et adolescents « exilés dehors » nous a permis de rendre compte de l’environnement défaillant et traumatique qu’ils tentent de fuir en s’exilant dans la rue. Ceci leur confère une place d’étranger inquiétant, craint et rejeté. La rue devient la scène de l’expression de la faillite de l’environnement, le lieu de la survie, de l’expérience de l’intime et du collectif.
L'adolescence n'est-elle pas une métaphore de la migration ?
Authors: Le Fourn Jean-Yves 
Published: October 2013

L’adolescence ne serait-elle pas une métaphore de la « migration » avec une contrée d’origine, le monde de l’enfance et sa terre promise le monde adulte. Les différents « passages » ne sont-ils pas dès lors à interroger avec une dimension topologique ?
Constellations et racontages pour des histoires des arts comme expériences
Authors: Martin Serge 
Published: October 2013

L’Histoire des arts dans les programmes scolaires n’est pas sans porter un paradoxe majeur que deux mémoires professionnels récents tentent d’éviter : une modélisation téléologique et unitaire d’une pluralité expérientielle. En partant de la démarche de ces deux mémoires, cet article rappelle les apports décisifs d’Henri Meschonnic et de John Dewey pour que vivre les arts à l’école puisse intensifier les rapports entre formes et expériences. Ainsi pourraient s’envisager des histoires (ou racontages au sens de Walter Benjamin) des arts (ou constellations au sens d’Abby Warburg) et non une Histoire des arts...
Quand la maîtrise du français s'achète
Authors: Daadouch Christophe 
Published: October 2013

Un décret d’application de la loi du 16 juin 2011, dite « Besson », définit pour la première fois le niveau requis et les modalités d’acquisition de la langue française, par souci d’équité. Mais ce décret ouvre surtout la voie à la privatisation des formations linguistiques à destination des étrangères et des étrangers qui souhaitent acquérir la nationalité française... en même temps qu’il consacre la mainmise de l’État sur les contenus de ces formations.
Un espace social transnational entre les Émirats et le sud de l’Iran : les Khodmouni (Lârestâni) à Dubaï
Authors: Moghadam Amin 
Published: October 2013

La région du Lârestân, dans le sud iranien, a noué depuis plusieurs siècles des relations continues avec la rive méridionale du golfe Persique au travers de mouvements circulatoires transnationaux. Lors de la création de l’État des Émirats arabes unis en 1971, les plus anciens migrants ont obtenu la nationalité et la citoyenneté de ces nouveaux États, ceux qui sont arrivés après sont restés des « travailleurs temporaires » en raison des politiques restrictives d’accès à la nationalité. Cet article tentera d’explorer les dynamiques transnationales qui animent la communauté des Lârestâni et leur impact sur le pays d’origine.
Mesures de la pauvreté en eau : analyse comparative et développement de l‘indice de pauvreté en eau
Authors: Jemmali Hatem 
Published: October 2013

La plupart des indicateurs de pénurie d’eau sont souvent basés sur des évaluations purement géophysiques pour apprécier le patrimoine hydrique d’une région donnée. Telle pénurie est souvent appelée « pénurie physique » ; par contre lorsque plus qu’une dimension est considérée, d’autres aspects socio-économiques et écologiques interviennent dans l’évaluation de ce patrimoine hydrique. Cela a abouti à l’apparition d’autres types de pénurie à savoir la « pénurie économique ». Cette étude exploratoire sur les méthodes d’évaluation de la pénurie d’eau confirme tout l’intérêt de la démarche multidisciplinaire consistant à prendre en compte l’ensemble des dimensions qui sous-tendent le concept de pauvreté en eau. Dans cette perspective multidimensionnelle, l’évaluation de la pauvreté en eau à l’échelle internationale, conformément aux travaux de Sullivan (2002) et Lawrence et al. (2002) est fondée sur une combinaison d’indicateurs préalablement agrégés en cinq indices (Ressources, Accès, Capacité, Usage et Environnement).
Wnt6 Is Expressed in Granulomatous Lesions of Mycobacterium tuberculosis–Infected Mice and Is Involved in Macrophage Differentiation and Proliferation
Authors: Schaale Kolja , Brandenburg Julius , Kispert Andreas , Leitges Michael , Ehlers Stefan , Reiling Norbert 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The Wnt signaling network, an ancient signaling system governing ontogeny and homeostatic processes, has recently been identified to exert immunoregulatory functions in a variety of inflammatory and infectious disease settings including tuberculosis. In this study, we show that Wnt6 is expressed in granulomatous lesions in the lung of Mycobacterium tuberculosis–infected mice. We identified foamy macrophage-like cells as the primary source of Wnt6 in the infected lung and uncovered a TLR–MyD88–NF-κB–dependent mode of induction in bone marrow–derived macrophages. Analysis of Wnt6-induced signal transduction revealed a pertussis toxin–sensitive, ERK-mediated, but β-catenin–independent induction of c-Myc, a master regulator of cell proliferation. Increased Ki-67 mRNA expression levels and enhanced thymidine incorporation in Wnt6-treated macrophage cultures demonstrate a proliferation-promoting effect on murine macrophages. Further functional studies in M. tuberculosis–infected macrophages using Wnt6 conditioned medium and Wnt6-deficient macrophages uncovered a Wnt6-dependent induction of macrophage Arginase-1 and downregulation of TNF-α. This identifies Wnt6 as a novel factor driving macrophage polarization toward an M2-like phenotype. Taken together, these findings point to an unexpected role for Wnt6 in macrophage differentiation in the M. tuberculosis–infected lung.