bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melatonin, given at the time of reperfusion, prevents ventricular arrhythmias in isolated hearts from fructose‐fed rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Diez Emiliano Raúl , Renna Nicolás Federico , Prado Natalia Jorgelina , Lembo Carina , Ponce Zumino Amira Zulma , Vazquez‐Prieto Marcela , Miatello Roberto Miguel 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMelatonin reduces reperfusion arrhythmias when administered before coronary occlusion, but in the clinical context of acute coronary syndromes, most of the therapies are administered at the time of reperfusion. Patients frequently have physiological modifications that can reduce the response to therapeutic interventions. This work determined whether acute melatonin administration starting at the moment of reperfusion protects against ventricular arrhythmias in Langendorff‐perfused hearts isolated from fructose‐fed rats (FFR), a dietary model of metabolic syndrome, and from spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR). In both experimental models, we confirmed metabolic alterations, a reduction in myocardial total antioxidant capacity and an increase in arterial pressure and NADPH oxidase activity, and in FFR, we also found a decrease in eNOS activity. Melatonin (50 μm) initiated at reperfusion after 15‐min regional ischemia reduced the incidence of ventricular fibrillation from 83% to 33% for the WKY strain, from 92% to 25% in FFR, and from 100% to 33% in SHR (P = 0.0361, P = 0.0028, P = 0.0013, respectively, by Fisher's exact test, n = 12 each). Although, ventricular tachycardia incidence was high at the beginning of reperfusion, the severity of the arrhythmias progressively declined in melatonin‐treated hearts. Melatonin induced a shortening of the action potential duration at the beginning of reperfusion and in the SHR group also a faster recovery of action potential amplitude. We conclude that melatonin protects against ventricular fibrillation when administered at reperfusion, and these effects are maintained in hearts from rats exposed to major cardiovascular risk factors. These results further support the ongoing translation to clinical trials of this agent.
Habitual ‘sleep credit’ is associated with greater grey matter volume of the medial prefrontal cortex, higher emotional intelligence and better mental health
Authors: Weber Mareen , Webb Christian A. , Deldonno Sophie R. , Kipman Maia , Schwab Zachary J. , Weiner Melissa R. , Killgore William D. S. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryIn modern society, people often fail to obtain the amount of sleep that experts recommend for good health and performance. Insufficient sleep can lead to degraded cognitive performance and alterations in emotional functioning. However, most people also acknowledge that on a regular basis they obtain more sleep than they subjectively perceive they need at a minimum to stave off performance decrements, a construct we describe as subjective ‘sleep credit’. Few people would contest the notion that getting more sleep is better, but data on both behavioural and neuroanatomical correlates of ‘sleep credit’ are surprisingly limited. We conducted a voxel‐based morphometric study to assess cerebral grey matter correlates of habitually sleeping more than one's subjective requirements. We further tested whether these structural correlates are associated with perceived emotional intelligence and indices of psychopathology while controlling for age, gender, and total intracranial volume. In a sample of 55 healthy adults aged 18–45 years (28 males, 27 females), whole‐brain multiple regression showed that habitual subjective ‘sleep credit’ was correlated positively with grey matter volume within regions of the left medial prefrontal cortex and right orbitofrontal gyrus. Volumes were extracted and regressed against self‐report emotion and psychopathology indices. Only grey matter volume of the medial prefrontal cortex cluster correlated with greater emotional intelligence and lower scores on several indices of psychopathology. Findings converge with previous evidence of the role of the medial prefrontal cortex in the relationship between sleep and emotional functioning, and suggest that behaviour and brain structure vary with habitual ‘sleep credit’.
Reduced ADP‐ribosylation by PARP1 natural polymorphism V762A and by PARP1 inhibitors enhance Hepatitis B virus replication
Authors: Ko H. L. , Ng H. J. , Goh E. H. , Ren E. C. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryHepG2 and Huh7 cell lines are frequently used as models to study viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, they exhibit significantly different capacities in their ability to support hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. To investigate the basis for this, transcription factor–binding motifs at the HBV core promoter (HBVCP) were tested in luciferase reporter constructs to identify the possible role of host factors. Among the transcription factors screened: PARP1, SP1, HNF4α, HNF3, hB1F and HNF1, deletion of the PARP1 binding motif abrogated transcriptional activity at the HBVCP in HepG2 but not Huh7 cells. Sequencing of the PARP1 gene revealed that HepG2 cells carried an Ala762 allele which has low ADP‐ribosylation activity, which was shown to have increased PARP1 binding affinity to its cognate motif thus resulting in higher transcriptional activity. PARP1 inhibitors that are being developed as broad cancer therapeutics also target PARP1 ADP‐ribosylation enzymatic function. Four PARP1 inhibitors: PJ‐34, ABT888, AZD2281 and AG014699 were tested for their effect on HBV replication. All four small molecules effectively enhanced HBV replication in vitro, confirming the role of PARP1 in HBV replication and that alteration of ADP‐ribosylation by mutation or drugs can affect HBV replication. Our data demonstrate that natural polymorphisms in the host affecting proteins such as PARP1 can have a significant effect on HBV replication. Hence, patients who are infected with HBV and are on clinical trials involving PARP1 inhibitors may be at risk from unintended side‐effects such as exacerbation of HBV replication.
Is There a Relation between Reticular Formation and Storage Symptoms in Men
Authors: ZORBA Orhan Ü. , KIRBAŞ Serkan , UZUN Hakkı , ÖNEM Kadir , ÇETINKAYA Mehmet , RIFAIOĞLU Mehmet M. 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveTo reveal brainstem originated pathology in men with different types of lower urinary tract symptoms blink reflex latency times were assessed.MethodsA total of 32 men, 16 with storage and 16 with voiding symptoms, were enrolled in the study. Blink reflex latency times were analyzed through electrical stimulation of the supraorbital nerve. Two responses in the orbicularis oculi muscle were recorded: the latency times for the early ipsilateral response, R1, and the late bilateral responses, R2.ResultsThe mean ages of the patients with storage and voiding symptoms were 57.31 ± 6.87 and 58.06 ± 6.29 years, respectively. The R2 latency times were significantly longer in men with storage symptoms. However, the R1 latency times were similar for the two groups.ConclusionLate blink latency times were long only in patients who had storage symptoms. An oligosynaptic path through the trigeminal nuclei, which includes one or two interneurons, is responsible for early response; however, late response is relayed through a polysynaptic path, including neurons in the reticular formation. It has also been shown that stimulation of the pontine reticular formation inhibits the micturition contraction. In some patients, storage symptoms may result from pathology that originates with the reticular formation and this pathology may lead to increases in late blink latency times. Additional studies are needed on other reflexes that are mediated through reticular formation, in order to show the possible dysfunction of the reticular formation in men with storage symptoms.
Apoplastic immunity and its suppression by filamentous plant pathogens
Authors: Doehlemann Gunther , Hemetsberger Christoph 
Published: April 2013

SummaryMicrobial plant pathogens have evolved a variety of strategies to enter plant hosts and cause disease. In particular, biotrophic pathogens, which parasitize living plant tissue, establish sophisticated interactions in which they modulate the plant's metabolism to their own good. The prime decision, whether or not a pathogen can accommodate itself in its host tissue, is made during the initial phase of infection. At this stage, the plant immune system recognizes conserved molecular patterns of the invading microbe, which initiate a set of basal immune responses. Induced plant defense proteins, toxic compounds and antimicrobial proteins encounter a broad arsenal of pathogen‐derived virulence factors that aim to disarm host immunity. Crucial regulatory processes and protein–protein interactions take place in the apoplast, that is, intercellular spaces, plant cell walls and defined host–pathogen interfaces which are formed between the plant cytoplasm and the specialized infection structures of many biotrophic pathogens. This article aims to provide an insight into the most important principles and components of apoplastic plant immunity and its modulation by filamentous microbial pathogens.

Contents

Summary
1001

I.
Live and let die – the basics of interaction
1001

II.
A kettle of color – components of apoplastic plant defense
1003

III.
A kettle of color – components of apoplastic plant defense
1004

IV.
How they learned to live with the bomb – disarming proteases
1005

V.
Hide and seek – how to survive the apoplast
1006

VI.
Hide and seek – how to survive the apoplast
1007

VII.
Back to the future – challenges and opportunities
1011

Acknowledgements
1011

References
1011
The validity, reliability, and time requirement of study model analysis using cone‐beam computed tomography–generated virtual study models
Authors: Luu N. S. , Mandich M‐A. , Flores‐Mir C. , El‐Bialy T. , Heo G. , Carey J. P. , Major P. W. 
Published: April 2013

Structured AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the validity, reliability, and time spent to perform a full orthodontic study model analysis (SMA) on cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT)‐generated dental models (Anatomodels) compared with conventional plaster models and a subset of extracted premolars.Setting and Sample PopulationA retrospective sample of 30 consecutive patient records with fully erupted permanent dentition, good‐quality plaster study models, and CBCT scans. Twenty‐two extracted premolars were available from eleven of these patients.Materials and MethodsFive evaluators participated in the inter‐rater reliability study and one evaluator for the intrarater reliability and validity studies. Agreement was assessed by ICC and cross‐tabulations, while mean differences were investigated using paired‐sample t‐tests and repeated‐measures anova.ResultsFor all three modalities studied, intrarater reliability was excellent, inter‐rater reliability was moderate to excellent, validity was poor to moderate, and performing SMA on Anatomodels took twice as long as on plaster.ConclusionsStudy model analysis using CBCT‐generated study models was reliable but not always valid and required more time to perform when compared with plaster models.
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: Do Patient Selection and Implant Practice Vary Depending on the Volume a Center Handles?
Authors: HERNÁNDEZ MADRID ANTONIO , MATÍA FRANCÉS ROBERTO , MORO CONCEPCIÓN , ZAMORANO JOSÉ 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundThe annual volume of implants may condition and determine many aspects of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).MethodsAfter the Spanish centers performing CRT were identified, data were recorded voluntarily by each implantation team from September 2010 to September 2011.ResultA total of 88 implanter centers were identified, and of these 85 (96.5%) answered the questionnaire. In total, 2,147 device implantations were reported, comprising 85% of the Eucomed's overall estimate for the same period, which was 2,518 implantations. Centers handling a higher volume of implants have a higher percentage of patients referred from other centers and more indications in patients over 80 years of age, with atrial fibrillation (AF), right bundle branch block, and unspecific disorders of intraventricular conduction. These high‐volume centers stimulate more frequently in patients with very wide QRS > 200 ms. Lower‐volume centers select more classic patients for resynchronization, whereas higher‐volume centers increase the rate of patients with AF and prior cardiac stimulation (upgrade). Implant duration is shorter for higher‐volume centers, which also perform implants in patients with congenital heart disease. By contrast, there are no significant differences in terms of heart disease, device type (pacemaker or defibrillator), implant techniques, achieved optimal site location, or complications.ConclusionsHigh‐volume centers perform CRT more frequently in elderly patients, mostly with AF and other alternative implants. No significant differences were found between the complications reported by high‐volume centers and those reported by low‐volume centers.
Distinct intracellular calcium responses of individual cultured human keratinocytes to air pressure changes
Authors: Ikeyama Kazuyuki , Nakatani Masashi , Kumamoto Junichi , Denda Mitsuhiro 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundWe previously showed that application of hydraulic pressure to cultured human keratinocytes induced elevation of intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), but the absolute value of the pressure could not be determined.PurposeTo evaluate the effect of the absolute value of pressure on keratinocytes and other skin cells.MethodsIn the present work, we examined the effect of changes in absolute pressure level by observing the [Ca2+]i responses of cultured human keratinocytes and other cells cultured at the bottom of a hermetically sealed plastic flask as the air pressure in the flask was increased gradually, held stable, and then decreased abruptly, using the Ca2+‐indicator fura‐2.ResultsWe found that the [Ca2+]i of differentiated keratinocytes was changed significantly in each phase, whereas undifferentiated keratinocytes and other cells derived from skin or dorsal root ganglion showed no response. Removal of calcium from the medium blocked the increase in [Ca2+]i in differentiated keratinocytes. The [Ca2+]i responses of individual differentiated keratinocytes in the increasing, stable and decreasing phases of pressure change varied from cell to cell. The threshold of air‐pressure increase from the original level for inducing [Ca2+]i response was 5 – 20 hPa.ConclusionThese results suggest that epidermal keratinocytes might contain a sensory system that detects changes of external pressure on the skin.
Symptoms of antenatal common mental disorders, preterm birth and low birthweight: a prospective cohort study in a semi‐rural district of Vietnam
Authors: Niemi Maria , Falkenberg Torkel , Petzold Max , Chuc Nguyen Thi Kim , Patel Vikram 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the association of low birthweight (LBW) and prematurity with clinically significant symptoms of antenatal common mental disorders (ACMDs) during the third trimester of pregnancy in a semi‐rural area in Vietnam.MethodsProspective community‐based cohort study. Severity of ACMD symptoms was assessed with the Edinburgh Depression Scale, low birthweight was defined as below 2500 g, and gestational age was estimated according to last menstrual period. Reproductive and socio‐demographic risk factors were measured as potential confounders of the association between ACMD and the outcomes. We conducted bivariate analyses of association between ACMD and the perinatal outcomes, employing chi‐square tests, crude odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for confounding.FindingsWe found a prevalence of clinically significant symptoms of ACMDs of 37.4%, which were significantly associated with preterm birth (adjusted OR 1.98, CI95% = 1.14–3.43) and low birthweight (adjusted OR 2.24, CI95% = 1.02–4.95). Among the examined risk factors for the outcome measures, only maternal age was found to be statistically significant for low birthweight and preterm birth.ConclusionsThis study confirms that clinically significant symptom levels of ACMD in Vietnam are associated with preterm birth and low birthweight. These findings highlight the importance of cost‐effective public health interventions for ACMD in Vietnam and further exploration of its physiological link with preterm birth and low birthweight.
PLACE OF DEATH AND END-OF-LIFE CARE IN NURSING HOME RESIDENTS AFTER IMPLEMENTING GERMANY'S FIRST REGIONAL ADVANCE CARE PLANNING PROGRAMME: A CONTROLLED TRIAL (STUDY PROTOCOL)
Authors: in der Schmitten J , Wegscheider K , Marckmann G 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundTwo years after implementation, a regional advance care planning (ACP) programme has led to a rate of meaningful and valid advance directives of 36% in nursing homes that adopted the programme (control: 0.4%). Effects on clinical endpoints, however, were not compared yet.AimTo evaluate whether a regional ACP programme leads to improved end-of-life outcomes, judged from the patients' perspective, and saves resources at the same time.MethodsEndpoints:Reduction of hospital days during the last 3 months of life (primary), increase of nursing home as place of death, improvement of quality of life during end-of-life period (as judged by bereaved relatives), and congruence of factual medical treatment in the last year of life with documented advance care plans.Sample:All long-term care residents dying within 2 years study period PLUS all long-term residents deceased within 3 years before the study period in in the two post-intervention nursing homes, compared with a corresponding sample in two structurally similar control homes. 250 deceased residents per group are sufficient to demonstrate a reduction of the average number of hospital days from 5 to 3 days with a power of 80%.Analysis:Two-sided permutation tests for each endpoint, extended by statistical modelling.DiscussionDemonstrating relevant effects of regional ACP programmes on clinical outcomes is methodologically challenging, but possible and necessary. This study protocol has been proposed to the German ministry of education and research in 11/2012, the funding decision is pending.
THINK AHEAD: AN IRISH CARE PLANNING TOOL
Authors: Murphy S , O'Shea B 
Published: April 2013

Background Think Aheadis a public awareness initiative of the Forum on End of Life in Ireland. The Forum is guided by the National Council of the Forum on End of Life. An extensive year-long public consultation in 2009 identified a wide range of issues which impacted on end of life.AimTo present the development of the Think Ahead project, an Irish public awareness initiative and system to guide people in discussing and recording their preferences.MethodsResources, including a Think Ahead form and website (www.thinkahead.ie), have been developed. A wide range of consultation processes have been engaged in with members of the public as well as professional organisations and State agencies.ResultsTwo GP pilots were carried out, involving 120 patients up to 70 years of age, which looked at the people's experiences in filling in the Think Ahead form. Two regional community pilots were also conducted in 2012.DiscussionThink Ahead has been very positively received by the public and health professionals. The majority of people in all age groups considered Think Ahead to be a welcome initiative, in particular in its capacity to initiate conversations with family members who may be ill or dying. GPs reported that the tool had enhanced their relationship with their patients and reduced the potential for family conflict in relation to a person's wishes.ConclusionThe presentation will address the learnings of the public consultation and the pilots in relation to attitudes among the public to discussing preferences around end of life.
YOU DECIDES WHO DECIDES: AN ONLINE TOOL FOR CHOOSING ENDURING POWERS OF ATTORNEY
Authors: Lawrence J , Rushford H , Chesterman J , McNamara C , Turnbull L 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundThe Office of the Public Advocate's (OPA) experience of enduring powers of attorney indicates that the crucial step of thinking about who to appoint as substitute decision-maker and considering the sorts of decisions those people are likely to make, is too often overlooked in the haste to get the documents in place. OPA saw the need for resources that encourage people to consider these issues as an important part of the process.AimTo develop an online, interactive facility, accessed through the OPA website, that guides participants to consider their important criteria when choosing substitute decision-makers.MethodsWe established a collaborative partnership with Associate Professor Jeanette Lawrence, Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne.A/Professor Lawrence contributed psychological expertise on drawing out values and beliefs without bias and using stories as a vehicle to do this. She works with a team of graphics and programming experts who translate these ideas into computer programmes. A steering committee met regularly to develop the programme, which was subsequently trialled with 40 participants.ResultsThe programme was launched on the OPA website in October 2012. In addition, the programme has been produced in CD format to broaden accessibility.DiscussionThis tool assists in effective planning for the future through the appointment of appropriate representatives.ConclusionFeedback indicates that the programme succeeds in getting people to think about criteria for whom to appoint as their representative and fills a resource gap.
ADVANCE CARE PLANNING FOR MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT: THE PERSPECTIVES OF AUSTRALIAN MENTAL HEALTH CLINICIANS
Authors: Mawren D , Silvester W , Newton R , Fullam R , Mountjoy R 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundInternational research highlights that the successful implementation of Advance Care Planning (ACP) for mental health treatment can depend on clinicians' attitudes and knowledge of Psychiatric Advance Directives (PADs). With proposed revisions to the Victorian Mental Health Act considering the introduction of ACP, it is vital to explore the attitudes and knowledge of mental health clinicians in an Australian setting.AimTo establish Australian mental health clinicians' knowledge and attitudes regarding PADs.MethodsA national online survey of Australian psychologists and case managers.ResultsOf 260 respondents, 67% reported low to very low knowledge of PADs and only 20% reported any experience with PADs. 73% of clinicians welcomed service change that would give consumers more control over their management and 63% would be more inclined to use PADs if the law acknowledged their role as important. PADs were expected to have a positive impact on mental health care (80%) and not pose major limitations to consumer care (65%), however 45% expressed concern that the benefit of PADs may be outweighed by the refusal of indicated treatments such as counselling.DiscussionAustralian mental health clinicians have limited exposure to PADs, but display encouraging attitudes towards their potential benefits and related systems changes.ConclusionAustralian mental health clinicians were supportive of the use of PADs and further research will help to develop a sustainable model of ACP for mental health care in Australia.