bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pipe Strength and Deformation Capacity: A Novel FE Tool for the Numerical Lab
Authors: Bartolini Lorenzo Maria , Battistini Alberto , Marchionni Lorenzo , Parrella Antonio , Spinazzè Maurizio , Vitali Luigino 
Published: September 2014

Future offshore pipelines development moves towards challenging operating condition and deep/ultra-deep water applications. Understanding the failure mechanisms and quantifying the strength and deformation capacity of pipelines, special components (buckle arrestors, wye, etc.) and in-line structures (in-line sled, in-line valve, in-line tee, etc.) is a need, under installation and operation loads, taking in account different geometrical characteristics and mechanical behaviors. The objective of this paper is to present and discuss recent FEM approaches integrating global and local analyses to evaluate the pipeline response and local effects, respectively. Thanks to this method the results coming from the global FEM analysis (main loads and driving phenomena) are used as input data for local FE Model with the aim to detect stress/strain intensification and other issues due to the local characteristics.
In this paper:
• The challenges of future deep water offshore pipelines are briefly presented;
• The typical loading scenarios for pipelines during installation and operation are discussed;
• The PipeONE 2014 tool, developed to facilitate the input/output data sharing between global and local FEM analyses, is presented and fully described in its main characteristics and capabilities;
• An example is presented with the aim to understand and to appreciate the PipeONE 2014 functionality in FE modeling.
Failure in Drilling Riser Auxiliary Line Attributed to VIV
Authors: Kilner Andrew , Yoshioka Ricardo , Marcollo Hayden , Rogers Rick , Taha Mohamed 
Published: September 2014

Some drilling operators have experienced a loss of pressure from drilling riser auxiliary lines during operations. In some instances the loss of pressure has been as a result of auxiliary line seals experiencing excessive wear at the pin-box connection.
In the case described within this paper, the failure was investigated and attributed to Vortex Induced Vibration of the main drilling riser. The rigid interface between the main riser and the outer auxiliary lines results in transfer of main drilling riser dynamic curvature motions directly into vertical axial motions at the pin-box connection. In the case considered, a high degree of VIV excitation was experienced through the drilling campaign which resulted in excessive wearing and ultimately failure of the pin-box seal.
This paper presents a methodology to compute the auxiliary line axial displacement resulting from the drilling riser displacement and curvature. This methodology provides a means of estimating the relative axial motion of the pin-box connection when the main drilling riser is under VIV lock-in. It will also assist in identifying if excessive seal wear will be a concern during a drilling campaign. In this case it suggested that the limiting condition for the drilling riser was not fatigue of the main drilling riser, but wear of the pin-box seal.
As a consequence of this investigation, it is recommended to include checks for excessive relative axial motion in general analysis methodology for deepwater drilling risers. As with VIV fatigue issues, the issue may be mitigated through VIV suppression.
Relation Between the Mechanical Specific Energy, Cuttings Morphology, and PDC Cutter Geometry
Authors: Akbari Babak , Miska Stefan , Yu Mengjiao , Ozbayoglu Evren 
Published: September 2014

This paper discusses a series of experiments performed on Carthage Marble Limestone rock samples in a high pressure single PDC cutter testing facility. The tests were performed at 450 psi confining pressure conditions and four different cutters were used. Two different cutter diameter sizes of 13 mm and 16 mm, each with two different chamfer sizes of 0.010 inch and 0.016 inch were tested. Effect of the cutter geometry on the MSE of the cutting action and grain size distribution are discussed in this paper.
The experimental results show that, in the tested range, the difference between the MSE when the two different cutter sizes are considered is insignificant. On the other hand, the results show that a change in the chamfer length from 0.010 inch to 0.016 inch can significantly increase the required MSE (as much as 20%). The cuttings produced at each test were gathered and tested in a particle size testing facility and the results were analyzed to determine which drilling parameters can be best correlated to the particle size distribution of the cuttings. The results show that the minimum particle size of the cuttings has a relatively strong dependency on the MSE of each test. The minimum particle size decreases as the MSE of the cutting increases and this is closely related to the extra energy required to regrind and crush the rock as a consequence of decreased drilling efficiency. In fact, the MSE can be estimated by the rock fracture surface energy and the grain size distribution.
Synergistic Combinations of the CCR5 Inhibitor VCH-286 with Other Classes of HIV-1 Inhibitors
Authors: Asin-Milan Odalis , Sylla Mohamed , El-Far Mohamed , Belanger-Jasmin Geneviève , Haidara Alpha , Blackburn Julie , Chamberland Annie , Tremblay Cécile L. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

Here, we evaluated the
in vitro
anti-HIV-1 activity of the experimental CCR5 inhibitor VCH-286 as a single agent or in combination with various classes of HIV-1 inhibitors. Although VCH-286 used alone had highly inhibitory activity, paired combinations with different drug classes led to synergistic or additive interactions. However, combinations with other CCR5 inhibitors led to effects ranging from synergy to antagonism. We suggest that caution should be exercised when combining CCR5 inhibitors
in vivo
.
Open-Label Crossover Study of Primaquine and Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine Pharmacokinetics in Healthy Adult Thai Subjects
Authors: Hanboonkunupakarn Borimas , Ashley Elizabeth A. , Jittamala Podjanee , Tarning Joel , Pukrittayakamee Sasithon , Hanpithakpong Warunee , Chotsiri Palang , Wattanakul Thanaporn , Panapipat Salwaluk , Lee Sue J. , Day Nicholas P. J. , White Nicholas J. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine is an artemisinin-based combination treatment (ACT) recommended by the WHO for uncomplicated
Plasmodium falciparum
malaria, and it is being used increasingly for resistant vivax malaria where combination with primaquine is required for radical cure. The WHO recently reinforced its recommendations to add a single dose of primaquine to ACTs to reduce
P. falciparum
transmission in low-transmission settings. The pharmacokinetics of primaquine and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine were evaluated in 16 healthy Thai adult volunteers in a randomized crossover study. Volunteers were randomized to two groups of three sequential hospital admissions to receive 30 mg (base) primaquine, 3 tablets of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (120/960 mg), and the drugs together at the same doses. Blood sampling was performed over 3 days following primaquine and 36 days following dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine dosing. Pharmacokinetic assessment was done with a noncompartmental approach. The drugs were well tolerated. There were no statistically significant differences in dihydroartemisinin and piperaquine pharmacokinetics with or without primaquine. Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine coadministration significantly increased plasma primaquine levels; geometric mean ratios (90% confidence interval [CI]) of primaquine combined versus primaquine alone for maximum concentration (
C
max
), area under the concentration-time curve from 0 h to the end of the study (AUC
0–last
), and area under the concentration-time curve from 0 h to infinity (AUC
0–∞
) were 148% (117 to 187%), 129% (103 to 163%), and 128% (102 to 161%), respectively. This interaction is similar to that described recently with chloroquine and may result in an enhanced radical curative effect. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT01525511.)
Role for the A Domain of Unprocessed Accumulation-Associated Protein (Aap) in the Attachment Phase of the Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilm Phenotype
Authors: Conlon Brian P. , Geoghegan Joan A. , Waters Elaine M. , McCarthy Hannah , Rowe Sarah E. , Davies Julia R. , Schaeffer Carolyn R. , Foster Timothy J. , Fey Paul D. , O'Gara James P. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

The polysaccharide intercellular adhesin or the cell wall-anchored accumulation-associated protein (Aap) mediates cellular accumulation during
Staphylococcus epidermidis
biofilm maturation. Mutation of sortase, which anchors up to 11 proteins (including Aap) to the cell wall, blocked biofilm development by the cerebrospinal fluid isolate CSF41498. Aap was implicated in this phenotype when Western blots and two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis revealed increased levels of the protein in culture supernatants. Unexpectedly, reduced levels of primary attachment were associated with impaired biofilm formation by CSF41498
srtA
and
aap
mutants. In contrast to previous studies, which implicated Aap proteolytic cleavage and, specifically, the Aap B domains in biofilm accumulation, the CSF41498 Aap protein was unprocessed. Furthermore,
aap
appeared to play a less important role in the biofilm phenotype of
S. epidermidis
1457, in which the Aap protein is processed. Anti-Aap A-domain IgG inhibited primary attachment and biofilm formation in strain CSF41498 but not in strain 1457. The nucleotide sequences of the
aap
gene A-domain region and cleavage site in strains CSF41498 and 1457 were identical, implicating altered protease activity in the differential Aap processing results in the two strains. These data reveal a new role for the A domain of unprocessed Aap in the attachment phase of biofilm formation and suggest that extracellular protease activity can influence whether Aap contributes to the attachment or accumulation phases of the
S. epidermidis
biofilm phenotype.
Antihyperglycaemic Effect of Laser Acupuncture Treatment at Bl20 in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Cornejo-Garrido Jorge , Becerril-Chávez Flavia , Carlín-Vargas Gabriel , Ordoñez-Rodríguez Juan Manuel , Abrajan-González María del Carmen , de la Cruz-Ramírez Rosario , Ordaz-Pichardo Cynthia 
Published: September 2014

Objective To investigate the antihyperglycaemic activity of laser acupuncture stimulation at 650 and 980 nm at BL20 in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods Seventy healthy adult male albino Wistar rats weighing 250±50 g were divided into seven groups of 10 animals each. Groups I–III comprised healthy control rats which were untreated (I) or stimulated with laser acupuncture at 650 nm (II) and 980 nm (III), respectively. Groups IV–VII underwent induction of diabetes with a single intraperitoneal administration of STZ at 50 mg/kg. Animals with blood glucose levels of ≥200 mg/dL on the fifth day were used for the experiments and were left untreated (group IV), treated with glibenclamide (group V) or stimulated with laser acupuncture at 650 nm (group VI) and 980 nm (group VII), respectively. Laser acupuncture was applied at BL20 on alternate days for a total of 12 sessions over a 28-day period. Results After 28 days of treatment, STZ-induced diabetic rats stimulated with laser acupuncture at 650 and 980 nm had significantly lower glucose levels compared with untreated diabetic rats (242.0±65.0 and 129.8±33.2 vs 376.5±10.0 mg/dL, both p≤0.05). Treatment at 980 nm also attenuated the increase in glucose between day 1 and day 28 compared with the glibenclamide-treated diabetic group (41.5±19.6 mg/dL vs 164.1±13.7 g/dL, p<0.05). Laser acupuncture treatment did not affect the blood count or biochemical profile and was not associated with any morphological changes in the pancreas, liver, kidney or spleen. Conclusions Stimulation with laser acupuncture at 650 and 980 nm at BL20 in STZ-induced diabetic rats has antihyperglycaemic activity. The results support further evaluation of laser acupuncture as an alternative or complementary treatment for the control of hyperglycaemia.
Contribution of Portuguese two-mica granites to stone built heritage: the historical value of Oporto granite
Authors: Almeida Angela , Begonha Arlindo 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The historical centre of Oporto (Portugal), designated a UNESCO World Heritage of the Humanity, has been selected to illustrate the use of the local granite during the development of the city, invariably influencing the history, architecture, religion, culture and the personality of the local people.
The Oporto monumental heritage goes back to Roman occupation: the city has been developed by the construction of granite buildings strongly implanted on a hard granite substrate. The Oporto profile gives an impressive grey architecture according to different styles of granite work that characterize the city in all its aspects. The description of selected sites within the historical centre, where it is possible to recognize the importance of the granite in the character of the city, aims to call attention to the inextricable role of geology in the built heritage and culture, as well as to diagnose the deterioration processes, enhanced by the environment and the anthropogenic activity, that affect houses and monuments as a consequence of the intrinsic properties of the granite. The Oporto granite genesis, responsible for the nature of the mineralogy assemblage, the physical properties and the degree of weathering, provides specific features that make this granite particularly suitable for the ornamental work that defines the town monumental constructions. The old city wall, the medieval and baroque churches, the neoclassic houses and also the small humble habitations are a few examples of the profuse stone heritage of which Oporto is proud.
Positive Solutions of a Third‐Order Three‐Point BVP with Sign‐Changing Green’s Function
Authors: Gao Li-Juan , Sun Jian-Ping 
Published: September 2014

We are concerned with the following third‐order three‐point boundary value problem: u′′′(t) = f(t, u(t)), t ∈ [0, 1], u′(0) = u(1) = 0 and u′′(η) − αu′(1) = 0, where α ∈ [0, 1 and η ∈ [(14 + α)/(24 − 3α), 1. Although the corresponding Green’s function is sign‐changing, we still obtain the existence of at least two positive and decreasing solutions under some suitable conditions on f by using the two‐fixed‐point theorem due to Avery and Henderson.
CD98hc (SLC3A2) Loss Protects Against Ras-Driven Tumorigenesis by Modulating Integrin-Mediated Mechanotransduction
Authors: Estrach Soline , Lee Sin-Ae , Boulter Etienne , Pisano Sabrina , Errante Aurélia , Tissot Floriane S. , Cailleteau Laurence , Pons Catherine , Ginsberg Mark H. , Féral Chloé C. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
CD98hc (SLC3A2) is the heavy chain component of the dimeric transmembrane glycoprotein CD98, which comprises the large neutral amino acid transporter LAT1 (SLC7A5) in cells. Overexpression of CD98hc occurs widely in cancer cells and is associated with poor prognosis clinically, but its exact contributions to tumorigenesis are uncertain. In this study, we showed that genetic deficiency of CD98hc protects against Ras-driven skin carcinogenesis. Deleting CD98hc after tumor induction was also sufficient to cause regression of existing tumors. Investigations into the basis for these effects defined two new functions of CD98hc that contribute to epithelial cancer beyond an intrinsic effect of CD98hc on tumor cell proliferation. First, CD98hc increased the stiffness of the tumor microenvironment. Second, CD98hc amplified the capacity of cells to respond to matrix rigidity, an essential factor in tumor development. Mechanistically, CD98hc mediated this stiffness sensing by increasing Rho kinase (ROCK) activity, resulting in increased transcription mediated by YAP/TAZ, a nuclear relay for mechanical signals. Our results suggest that CD98hc contributes to carcinogenesis by amplifying a positive feedback loop, which increases both extracellular matrix stiffness and resulting cellular responses. This work supports a rationale to explore the use of CD98hc inhibitors as cancer therapeutics. Cancer Res; 74(23); 6878–89. ©2014 AACR.
The Tyrphostin NT157 Suppresses Insulin Receptor Substrates and Augments Therapeutic Response of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Ibuki Naokazu , Ghaffari Mazyar , Reuveni Hadas , Pandey Mitali , Fazli Ladan , Azuma Haruhito , Gleave Martin E. , Levitzki Alexander , Cox Michael E. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling is associated with castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) progression. Insulin receptor substrates 1 and 2 (IRS1/2) mediate mitogenic and antiapoptotic signaling from IGF1 receptor (IGF1R), insulin receptor, and other oncoproteins. This study demonstrates that IRS1/2 expression is increased in prostate cancer, and persists in CRPC. Furthermore, this study assesses the anticancer activity of NT157, a small molecule tyrphostin targeting IRS proteins, using androgen-responsive (LNCaP) and -independent (PC3) prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. NT157 treatment resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of IGF1R activation, suppression of IRS protein expression, inhibition of IGF1-induced AKT activation, but increased ERK activation in NT157-treated cells in vitro. These effects were correlated with decreased proliferation and increasing apoptosis of LNCaP cells and increasing G2–M arrest in PC3 cells. NT157 also suppressed androgen-responsive growth, delayed CRPC progression of LNCaP xenografts, and suppressed PC3 tumor growth alone and in combination with docetaxel. This study reports the first preclinical proof-of-principle data that this novel small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor suppresses IRS1/2 expression, delays CRPC progression, and suppresses growth of CRPC tumors in vitro and in vivo. Demonstration that IRS expression can be increased in response to a variety of stressors that may lead to resistance or reduced effect of the therapies indicate that NT157-mediated IRS1/2 downregulation is a novel therapeutic approach for management of advanced prostate cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(12); 2827–39. ©2014 AACR.
The Animacy Continuum in the Human Ventral Vision Pathway
Authors: Sha Long , Haxby James V. , Abdi Herve , Guntupalli J. Swaroop , Oosterhof Nikolaas N. , Halchenko Yaroslav O. , Connolly Andrew C. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Major theories for explaining the organization of semantic memory in the human brain are premised on the often-observed dichotomous dissociation between living and nonliving objects. Evidence from neuroimaging has been interpreted to suggest that this distinction is reflected in the functional topography of the ventral vision pathway as lateral-to-medial activation gradients. Recently, we observed that similar activation gradients also reflect differences among living stimuli consistent with the semantic dimension of graded animacy. Here, we address whether the salient dichotomous distinction between living and nonliving objects is actually reflected in observable measured brain activity or whether previous observations of a dichotomous dissociation were the illusory result of stimulus sampling biases. Using fMRI, we measured neural responses while participants viewed 10 animal species with high to low animacy and two inanimate categories. Representational similarity analysis of the activity in ventral vision cortex revealed a main axis of variation with high-animacy species maximally different from artifacts and with the least animate species closest to artifacts. Although the associated functional topography mirrored activation gradients observed for animate–inanimate contrasts, we found no evidence for a dichotomous dissociation. We conclude that a central organizing principle of human object vision corresponds to the graded psychological property of animacy with no clear distinction between living and nonliving stimuli. The lack of evidence for a dichotomous dissociation in the measured brain activity challenges theories based on this premise.
Indo-Pacific Climate Interactions in the Absence of an Indonesian Throughflow
Authors: Kajtar Jules B. , Santoso Agus , England Matthew H. , Cai Wenju 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The Pacific and Indian Oceans are connected by an oceanic passage called the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF). In this setting, modes of climate variability over the two oceanic basins interact. El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events generate sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) over the Indian Ocean that, in turn, influence ENSO evolution. This raises the question as to whether Indo-Pacific feedback interactions would still occur in a climate system without an Indonesian Throughflow. This issue is investigated here for the first time using a coupled climate model with a blocked Indonesian gateway and a series of partially decoupled experiments in which air–sea interactions over each ocean basin are in turn suppressed. Closing the Indonesian Throughflow significantly alters the mean climate state over the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The Pacific Ocean retains an ENSO-like variability, but it is shifted eastward. In contrast, the Indian Ocean dipole and the Indian Ocean basinwide mode both collapse into a single dominant and drastically transformed mode. While the relationship between ENSO and the altered Indian Ocean mode is weaker than that when the ITF is open, the decoupled experiments reveal a damping effect exerted between the two modes. Despite the weaker Indian Ocean SSTAs and the increased distance between these and the core of ENSO SSTAs, the interbasin interactions remain. This suggests that the atmospheric bridge is a robust element of the Indo-Pacific climate system, linking the Indian and Pacific Oceans even in the absence of an Indonesian Throughflow.
Quantitative in vivo analysis of small bowel motility using MRI examinations in mice – proof of concept study
Authors: Bickelhaupt S , Wurnig M C , Lesurtel M , Patak M A , Boss A 
Published: September 2014

Small bowel motility analyses using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could reduce current invasive techniques in animal studies and comply with the ‘three Rs’ rule for human animal experimentation. Thus we investigated the feasibility of in vivo small bowel motility analyses in mice using dynamic MRI acquisitions. All experimental procedures were approved by the institutional animal care committee. Six C57BL/6 mice underwent MRI without additional preparation after isoflurane anaesthetization in the prone position on a 4.7 T small animal imager equipped with a linear polarized hydrogen birdcage whole-body mouse coil. Motility was assessed using a true fast imaging in a steady precession sequence in the coronal orientation (acquisition time per slice 512 ms, in-plane resolution 234 × 234 µm, matrix size 128 × 128, slice thickness 1 mm) over 30 s corresponding to 60 acquisitions. Motility was manually assessed measuring the small bowel diameter change over time. The resulting motility curves were analysed for the following parameters: contraction frequency per minute (cpm), maximal contraction amplitude (maximum to minimum [mm]), luminal diameter (mm) and luminal occlusion rate. Small bowel motility quantification was found to be possible in all animals with a mean small bowel contraction frequency of 10.67 cpm (SD ± 3.84), a mean amplitude of the contractions of 1.33 mm (SD ± 0.43) and a mean luminal diameter of 1.37 mm (SD ± 0.42). The mean luminal occlusion rate was 1.044 (SD ± 0.45%/100). The mean duration needed for a single motility assessment was 185 s (SD ± 54.02). Thus our study demonstrated the feasibility of an easy and time-sparing functional assessment for in vivo small bowel motility analyses in mice. This could improve the development of small animal models of intestinal diseases and provide a method similar to clinical MR examinations that is in concordance with the ‘three Rs’ for humane animal experimentation.