bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing Participation in Genomic Research and Biobanking Through Community‐Based Capacity Building
Authors: Cohn Elizabeth Gross , Husamudeen Maryam , Larson Elaine L. , Williams Janet K. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAchieving equitable minority representation in genomic biobanking is one of the most difficult challenges faced by researchers today. Capacity building—a framework for research that includes collaborations and on‐going engagement—can be used to help researchers, clinicians and communities better understand the process, utility, and clinical application of genomic science. The purpose of this exploratory descriptive study was to examine factors that influence the decision to participate in genomic research, and identify essential components of capacity building with a community at risk of being under‐represented in biobanks. Results of focus groups conducted in Central Harlem with 46 participants were analyzed by a collaborative team of community and academic investigators using content analysis and AtlisTi. Key themes identified were: (1) the potential contribution of biobanking to individual and community health, for example the effect of the environment on health, (2) the societal context of the science, such as DNA criminal databases and paternity testing, that may affect the decision to participate, and (3) the researchers’ commitment to community health as an outcome of capacity building. These key factors can contribute to achieving equity in biobank participation, and guide genetic specialists in biobank planning and implementation.
Large myxofibrosarcoma of oral cavity: A rare clinical presentation in lower gingivobuccal sulcus
Authors: Gokavarapu Sandhya , Mustyala Bharati , Kumar Jeevan , Sreenivasa Puthamakula , Murthy Sudha 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMyxofibrosarcoma occurs frequently in the extremities of older individuals and is rarely reported in the head and neck sites. The present case is a rare clinical presentation with respect to site, size and origin of the tumour. Occurring at an intraoral site, the tumour was 8 cm × 7 cm × 5.5 cm in dimensions. Myxofibrosarcoma is known to originate from subcutaneous tissues in the majority of the cases. The origin of the tumour was ambiguous in the current case, as it appeared entirely intraorally.The tumour was resected with adequate margin and following which post‐operative adjuvant radiotherapy was given.
Radar observations of the seasonal migration of brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål) in Southern China
Authors: Qi H. , Jiang C. , Zhang Y. , Yang X. , Cheng D. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe summer and autumn migrations of the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) were observed in Southern China with a millimetric scanning entomological radar and a searchlight trap supplemented with capture in field cages, field surveys, and dissections of females. Nilaparvata lugens took off at dusk and dawn in summer, but in autumn there was sometimes only a dusk take-off. The variation of the area density of the radar targets indicated that flight durations were about 9–10 h. In summer, planthopper-size targets generally flew below 1800 m above ground level (AGL), although some insects reached 2000 m AGL; in autumn, they flew lower, generally below 1100 m although some insects reached 1700 m AGL. Multiple layer concentrations were seen every night in both summer and autumn. The depths of these layers in autumn were less than in summer. Nilaparvata lugens flew in strong winds; wind shear may be the main factor causing them to accumulate and form dense layers at certain heights. Nilaparvata lugens emigrating in summer from the vicinity of the radar site in the Northeastern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and carried by the prevailing southwesterly wind, would have travelled northeastwards and reached Northern Hunan Province. In autumn, with the prevailing northeasterly wind, emigrants would have reached overwintering areas (south of 21°N).
Impaired alveolar-arterial oxygen transfer is associated with reduced milk yield in primiparous post-partum dairy heifers at moderate altitude
Authors: Neary Joseph M , Garry Franklyn B 
Published: September 2014

Domestic cattle have limited cardiopulmonary reserve for their body size and oxygen requirements. Therefore, it is plausible that impaired alveolar-arterial gas exchange may be detrimental to energetically expensive traits such as milk production which, like all aerobic processes, requires oxygen. The degree of alveolar-arterial oxygen transfer impairment can be determined by estimating the alveolar-arterial oxygen (A-a O2) pressure gradient from arterial blood-gas tensions. The degree of oxygen transfer impairment is proportional to the A-a O2pressure gradient: the higher the A-a O2pressure gradient the less oxygen is transferred to the blood for a given ventilation rate. In this study two cohorts of Holstein-Friesian heifers were followed on one northern Colorado dairy farm. Arterial blood-gas analyses were performed up to 9 d post-calving. Heifers were grouped into quartiles based on A-a O2pressure gradient so that relative comparisons could be made. Heifers in the lowest (Q1) and highest (Q4) quartile had the least and greatest impairment of alveolar-arterial oxygen transfer, respectively. We hypothesised that milk yield over 60 d would be greatest for heifers in Q1and would decrease with quartile increments. Hyperventilation, as indicated by hypocapnia, was notable. Despite hypoxia, haematocrit was low. Alveolar-arterial O2pressure gradient was associated with milk production (P=0·03) when controlling for cohort, treatment for disease and calving difficulty score. Heifers in Q1produced 1992 kg (95% CI=1858, 2127 kg) of milk when controlling for all other variables. Relative to heifers in Q1, heifers in Q2, Q3and Q4produced 130 kg (95% CI=313, −52 kg; P=0·45), 285 kg (95% CI=474, 96 kg; P=0·004) and 169 kg (95% CI=395, −57 kg; P=0.14) less milk, respectively. In conclusion, efficacy of alveolar-arterial oxygen transfer was associated with milk yield in dairy heifers on one farm at moderate altitude.
Efficacy of standardvs.extended intramammary cefquinome treatment of clinical mastitis in cows with persistent high somatic cell counts
Authors: Swinkels Jantijn M , Krömker Volker , Lam Theo JGM 
Published: September 2014

Extended duration of clinical mastitis (CM) treatment has been advocated, although results showing its higher efficacy compared with standard treatment are difficult to compare and seem conflicting. In a non-blinded, positively controlled clinical trial with systematic allocation, the efficacy of a standard, 1·5-d cefquinome treatment (ST), and an extended, 5-d intramammary cefquinome treatment (ET) were evaluated. The latter is frequently performed in cows with persistent high somatic cell count (SCC), expecting a better cure. Therefore, cows with CM immediately preceded by at least two consecutive monthly elevated SCC >200 000 cells/ml, were studied. The primary efficacy criteria were bacteriological cure (BC) and clinical cure (CC), while SCC cure was considered a secondary criterion of cure. Least square means of overall BC were not different after ET (79%,n=206) compared with ST (72%,n=203). ET, as compared with ST, improved BC of CM when caused by streptococci, specificallyStreptococcus uberis. At day 1·5, only 13% of quarters showed CC, increasing significantly towards 60% at day 5, and 99% at day 14 and at day 21. No significant difference in CC was present between treatment groups. Overall SCC cure was low (22%) and not significantly different between treatment groups, but significantly higher for cases due to enterobacteriacae compared with staphylococci. In conclusion, ET with cefquinome of CM in cows with a persistent high SCC seems to be only indicated when caused by streptococci, mainlyStr. uberisbut shows no advantage when no information on bacteriological causes of mastitis is available. In our data, absence of CC directly after ST was not related to eventual BC.
Bioinformatics in otolaryngology research. Part two: other high-throughput platforms in genomics and epigenetics
Authors: Ow T J , Upadhyay K , Belbin T J , Prystowsky M B , Ostrer H , Smith R V 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjectives:This second segment of the two-part review summarises several modern high-throughput methods in genomics, epigenetics and molecular biology. Many principles from nucleotide sequencing and transcriptomics can be applied to other high-throughput molecular biology techniques. Specifically, this manuscript reviews: array comparative genome hybridisation; single nucleotide polymorphism arrays; microarray technology, used to study epigenetics; and methodology applied in proteomics. Finally, the review describes current methods for the integration of multiple molecular biology platforms.Conclusion:Progress in treating human disease in general will require close collaboration with experts in bioinformatics. Improved understanding, by clinicians and physician-scientists in our field, of the concepts presented in both parts of this review will advance diagnosis and therapy for diseases of the head and neck.
‘The Rani of Sirmur’ Revisited: Sati and sovereignty in theory and practice
Authors: MORAN ARIK 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn ‘The Rani of Sirmur: An Essay in Reading the Archives’, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak offered a literary analysis of British records to demonstrate the inextricability of language from the colonial/imperial project's goal of world domination. Honing her arguments on the threat of a Himalayan queen (rani) to ‘become sati’ (i.e. immolate herself), Spivak interpreted the event as representative of the plight of subalterns and of ‘third world women’ in particular. However, a close reading of the records reveals profound discrepancies between Spivak's interpretation and conditions that existed in and around the kingdom at the time. This article contextualizes the rani's story by supplementing archival sources with folk traditions, local histories, and recent research on sati and Rajput women. It shows that the rani was actually an astute ruler, similar to her peers in the West Himalayan elite, and that her threat of suicide resulted from reasons that go beyond an alleged attempt at recovering agency from the dual oppressions of patriarchal indignity and an invasive superpower. The discourses about sati in contemporary texts are also investigated, revealing a considerable overlap in South Asian and European views of sati among Himalayan elites in turn-of-the-nineteenth-century northwest India.
Trajectories of cognitive decline in different types of dementia
Authors: Smits L. L. , van Harten A. C. , Pijnenburg Y. A. L. , Koedam E. L. G. E. , Bouwman F. H. , Sistermans N. , Reuling I. E. W. , Prins N. D. , Lemstra A. W. , Scheltens P. , van der Flier W. M. 
Published: September 2014

Background.To investigate trajectories of cognitive decline in patients with different types of dementia compared to controls in a longitudinal study.Method.In 199 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), 10 with vascular dementia (VaD), 26 with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), 20 with behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), 15 with language variant frontotemporal dementia (lvFTD) and 112 controls we assessed five cognitive domains: memory, language, attention, executive and visuospatial functioning, and global cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE). All subjects had at least two neuropsychological assessments (median 2, range 2–7). Neuropsychological data were standardized intozscores using baseline performance of controls as reference. Linear mixed models (LMMs) were used to estimate baseline cognitive functioning and cognitive decline over time for each group, adjusted for age, gender and education.Results.At baseline, patients with dementia performed worse than controls in all cognitive domains (p< 0.05) except visuospatial functioning, which was only impaired in patients with AD and DLB (p< 0.001). During follow-up, patients with AD declined in all cognitive domains (p< 0.001). DLB showed decline in every cognitive domain except language and global cognition. bvFTD showed rapid decline in memory, language, attention and executive functioning (allp< 0.01) whereas visuospatial functioning remained fairly stable. lvFTD declined mostly in attention and executive functioning (p< 0.01). VaD showed decline in attention and executive functioning.Conclusions.We show cognitive trajectories of different types of dementia. These estimations of natural disease course have important value for the design of clinical trials as neuropsychological measures are increasingly being used as outcome measures.
Examining the shared and unique relationships among substance use and mental disorders
Authors: Sunderland M. , Slade T. , Krueger R. F. 
Published: September 2014

Background.Co-morbidity among use of different substances can be explained by a shared underlying dimensional factor. What remains unknown is whether the relationship between substance use and various co-morbid mental disorders can be explained solely by the general factor or whether there remain unique contributions of specific substances.Method.Data were from the 2007 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing (NSMHWB). A unidimensional latent factor was constructed that represented general substance use. The shared and specific relationships between lifetime substance use indicators and internalizing disorders, suicidality and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) were examined using Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) models in the total sample. Additional analyses then examined the shared and specific relationships associated with substance dependence diagnoses as indicators of the latent trait focusing on a subsample of substance users.Results.General levels of latent substance use were significantly and positively related to internalizing disorders, suicidality and psychotic-like experiences. Similar results were found when examining general levels of latent substance dependence in a sample of substance users. There were several direct effects between specific substance use/dependence indicators and the mental health correlates that significantly improved the overall model fit but they were small in magnitude and had relatively little impact on the general relationship.Conclusions.The majority of pairwise co-morbid relationships between substance use/dependence and mental health correlates can be explained through a general latent factor. Researchers should focus on investigating the commonalities across all substance use and dependence indicators when studying mental health co-morbidity.
Cytoskeletal proteins associate with components of the ribosomal maturation and translation apparatus inXenopusstage I oocytes
Authors: Chierchia Loredana , Tussellino Margherita , Guarino Domenico , Carotenuto Rosa , DeMarco Nadia , Campanella Chiara , Biffo Stefano , Vaccaro Maria Carmela 
Published: September 2014

SummaryActin-based cytoskeleton (CSK) and microtubules may bind to RNAs and related molecules implicated in translation. However, many questions remain to be answered regarding the role of cytoskeletal components in supporting the proteins involved in steps in the maturation and translation processes. Here, we performed co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence to examine the association between spectrins, keratins and tubulin and proteins involved in 60S ribosomal maturation and translation inXenopusstage I oocytes, including ribosomal rpl10, eukaryotic initiation factor 6 (Eif6), thesaurins A/B, homologs of the eEF1α elongation factor, and P0, the ribosomal stalk protein. We found that rpl10 and eif6 cross-reacted with the actin-based CSK and with tubulin. rpl10 co-localizes with spectrin, particularly in the perinuclear region. eif6 is similarly localized. Given that upon ribosomal maturation, the insertion of rpl10 into the 60S subunit occurs simultaneously with the release of eif6, one can hypothesise that actin-based CSK and microtubules provide the necessary scaffold for the insertion/release of these two molecules and, subsequently, for eif6 transport and binding to the mature 60S subunit. P0 and thesaurins cross-reacted with only spectrin and cytokeratins. Thesaurins aggregated at the oocyte periphery, rendering this a territory favourable site for protein synthesis; the CSK may support the interaction between thesaurins and sites of the translating ribosome. Moreover, given that the assembly of the ribosome stalk, where P0 is located, to the 60S subunit is essential for the release of eif6, it can be hypothesised that the CSK can facilitate the binding of the stalk to the 60S.
Looking beyond endotoxin: a comparative study of pyrogen retention by ultrafilters used for the preparation of sterile dialyis fluid
Authors: Glorieux Griet , Hulko Michael , Speidel Rose , Brodbeck Katrin , Krause Bernd , Vanholder Raymond 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSterile single-use ultrafilters are used in dialysis for the preparation of the substitution fluid given to patients undergoing dialysis treatments with high convective fluid removal. The retention of pyrogenic agents by the ultrafilters is crucial to avoiding inflammatory responses. The performance of a new single-use ultrafilter (NUF) with a positively charged flat sheet membrane of relatively small membrane area and large pore size was compared to a reference ultrafilter (RUF) with a hollow fiber membrane. Filter performance was tested with various pyrogen-contaminated dialysis fluids by direct pyrogen quantification and by measuring inflammatory responses in cell-based bioassays. The NUF completely retained oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN), whereas the RUF was fully permeable. Both filters tended to decrease biological activity of DNA in filtered bacterial lysates. The NUF reduced lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and LPS-induced biological activity by 100%, whereas the RUF produced filtrates with low but detectable levels of LPS in most cases. Peptidoglycans (PGN) were fully retained both by the NUF and the RUF. The new ultrafilter retained biologically active ODN, which has not yet been described for any other device used in dialysis and it showed better or equal retention of LPS and PGN even with a smaller membrane surface and larger pore size.
Targeting metallo-carbapenemases via modulation of electronic properties of cephalosporins
Authors: Yang Hao , Young Heather , Yu Sophia , Sutton Larry , Crowder Michael W. 
Published: September 2014

The global proliferation of metallo-carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae has created an unmet need for inhibitors of these enzymes. The rational design of metallo-carbapenemase inhibitors requires detailed knowledge of their catalytic mechanisms. Nine cephalosporins, structurally identical except for the systematic substitution of electron-donating and withdrawing groups in the para position of the styrylbenzene ring, were synthesized and utilized to probe the catalytic mechanism of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM-1). Under steady-state conditions, Km values were all in the micromolar range (1.5–8.1 μM), whereas kcat values varied widely (17–220 s−1). There were large solvent deuterium isotope effects for all substrates under saturating conditions, suggesting a proton transfer is involved in the rate-limiting step. Pre-steady-state UV–visible scans demonstrated the formation of short-lived intermediates for all compounds. Hammett plots yielded reaction constants (ρ) of −0.34±0.02 and −1.15±0.08 for intermediate formation and breakdown, respectively. Temperature-dependence experiments yielded ΔG‡ values that were consistent with the Hammett results. These results establish the commonality of the formation of an azanide intermediate in the NDM-1-catalysed hydrolysis of a range cephalosporins with differing electronic properties. This intermediate is a promising target for judiciously designed β-lactam antibiotics that are poor NDM-1 substrates and inhibitors with enhanced active-site residence times.
Movement Patterns and Stock Composition of Adult Striped Bass Tagged in Massachusetts Coastal Waters
Authors: Kneebone Jeff , Hoffman William S. , Dean Micah J. , Fox Dewayne A. , Armstrong Michael P. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe coastal migratory stock of Striped Bass Morone saxatilis has supported fisheries off the Massachusetts (MA) coast for centuries. However, despite this historical importance, limited information is available regarding Striped Bass seasonal movement patterns or migratory pathways within MA coastal waters and beyond. Using passive acoustic telemetry, we evaluated the seasonal residency, coastal migration, and stock composition of 159 adult Striped Bass (65–110 cm TL) by using a network of fixed acoustic receivers deployed from 2008 to 2012 in MA coastal waters and along the U.S. East Coast as part of the Atlantic Cooperative Telemetry (ACT) Network. Seasonal monitoring of tagged individuals indicated that adult Striped Bass were present in MA coastal waters north of Cape Cod annually during May–November, moving into and out of the region via the Cape Cod Canal and along the east side of Cape Cod. Of the 159 tagged individuals, 125 (79%) were detected outside of MA coastal waters by the ACT Network and were observed to make seasonal migrations along the coast to overwintering areas of the mid‐Atlantic and major spawning areas (Chesapeake Bay, Delaware River, and Hudson River). Numerous tagged individuals exhibited interannual fidelity to summer foraging habitat in MA coastal waters, returning to the region for up to 2 years after tagging. Detection of tagged individuals in known spawning areas revealed that Striped Bass from each major stock were present within MA coastal waters during the summer months, with the Chesapeake Bay stock appearing to be the largest contributor to the population from 2008 to 2010. Collectively, these observations suggest that the seasonal population of adult Striped Bass in MA coastal waters has a diversity of origins, demonstrating the importance of the health of each spawning component to the MA seasonal fishery.Received October 11, 2013; accepted January 23, 2014
Genetic Structure and Diversity of Japanese Chum Salmon Populations Inferred from Single‐Nucleotide Polymorphism Markers
Authors: Sato Shunpei , Templin William D. , Seeb Lisa W. , Seeb James E. , Urawa Shigehiko 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe estimated the genetic structure and diversity of Japanese Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus keta populations using single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to support the management and assessment of the Japanese salmon hatchery program. A total of 5,571 individuals from 57 Japanese Chum Salmon populations were genotyped with 52 markers. A neighbor‐joining tree, principal coordinate analysis, analysis of molecular variance, and average pairwise FST values indicated the existence of eight regional groups, six in Hokkaido and two in Honshu. Weak but significant isolation by distance was found within the populations of Hokkaido and the Pacific Ocean coast of Honshu. These results suggest that the genetic differentiation among the eight regional groups is small but distinct and occurred through low or restricted gene flow. Furthermore, our results also suggest the persistence of the historical genetic structure (or remnants of it) in extant populations in Japan despite the operation of a hatchery program for about 120 years. The genetic framework of the Japanese Chum Salmon populations that we observed using SNP markers is basically similar to that found by previous studies using other molecular markers but the populations along the western Pacific Ocean coast of Hokkaido are separated into two regional groups.Received September 19, 2013; accepted February 10, 2014