bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring effectiveness of the cervical cancer vaccine in an Australian setting (the VACCINE study)
Authors: Young Elisa J , Tabrizi Sepehr N , Brotherton Julia ML , Wark John D , Pyman Jan , Saville Marion , Wrede C David , Jayasinghe Yasmin , Tan Jeffrey , Gertig Dorota M , Pitts Marian , Garland Suzanne M 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
The quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine has been provided in Australia through the National Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Program since April 2007. National registry data demonstrates good coverage of the vaccine, with 73% of school-aged girls having received all three doses. To evaluate the effectiveness of the program, we propose a two-pronged approach. In one (sub study A), the prevalence of the vaccine-targeted human papillomavirus genotypes in a population cohort is being estimated, and will be analysed in relation to vaccination status, cervical cytology screening status, demographic, social, behavioural, medical and clinical factors. In sub study B, the distribution of human papillomavirus genotypes detected in high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplastic lesions from vaccine eligible women is being assessed.

Methods/Design
Sub Study A involves the recruitment of 1569 women aged 18–25, residing in Victoria, Australia, through Facebook advertising. Women who are sexually active are being asked to provide a self-collected vaginal swab, collected at home and posted into the study centre, where human papillomavirus DNA detection and genotyping is performed. Participants also complete an online questionnaire regarding sexual history, experience with, knowledge of, and attitudes towards human papillomavirus, the human papillomavirus vaccine, and cervical screening.
Sub Study B will involve the collection of 500 cervical biopsies, positively identified as containing high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplastic lesions and/or adenocarcinoma in situ. Five serial sections are being taken from each case: sections 1 and 5 are being assessed to confirm the presence of the high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplastic lesions or adenocarcinoma in situ; human papillomavirus genotyping is performed on sections 2 and 3; single lesions are excised from section 4 using laser capture microdissection to specifically define causality of a human papillomavirus genotyping of each specific lesion.

Discussion
Australia is well placed to gain a clear and early insight into the effectiveness of the human papillomavirus vaccine in reducing the prevalence of human papillomavirus infection in young women, and any subsequent reduction in the prevalence of pre-cancerous cervical lesions, specifically high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia lesions, particularly of vaccine related types. The findings of a successful population based human papillomavirus program will have wide-reaching translational benefits across the globe.
Life experiences of patients who have completed tuberculosis treatment: a qualitative investigation in southeast Brazil
Authors: Dias Ana Angélica Lima , de Oliveira Daniela Maria Falcão , Turato Egberto Ribeiro , de Figueiredo Rosely Moralez 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
Despite being curable, tuberculosis is still a stigmatized disease. Not only is TB patients’ suffering due to its clinical manifestations, but also because of society’s prejudice, embarrassing situations, and even self-discrimination. This study aims to investigate psychosocial experiences of patients who have completed tuberculosis treatment in São Carlos a municipality in the interior of São Paulo State, Brazil.

Methods
This study, of a clinical-qualitative nature, sought to understand the meanings provided by the participants themselves. Fifteen individuals, who had successfully completed tuberculosis treatment, participated in this research. The sample size was established using the information saturation criterion. Data were collected by means of interviews with in-depth open-ended questions. Data were treated by categorizing and analyzing content according to themes.

Results
Regardless of all progress, this study found that TB still causes patients to suffer from fear of transmission, social prejudice, and death. Despite the fact that the emotional support provided by families and healthcare professionals is considered essential to treatment adherence and completion, participants in this study reveal that friends and colleagues have distanced themselves from them for fear of contagion and/or prejudice. Ignorance about the disease and its transmission modes can be found in the interviewees’ statements, which seems to indicate that they have become vectors of transmission of stigma themselves. Patients’ medical leave from work during treatment may be due to both their health conditions and their attempt to avoid social/emotional embarrassment. There are accounts that TB has caused psychosocial damage to patients’ lives and that they feel more fatigue and lassitude and have begun to pay more attention to their own health.

Conclusions
Healthcare workers should be aware of the ways TB treatment affect patients’ psychosocial life and develop strategies to mitigate these effects and provide opportunities for them to share their anxiety, suffering, and bio-psychosocial changes. In addition, healthcare professionals should seek to educate and, as a result, empower TB patients and their families with regard to this disease so as to break the existing vicious cycle of misinformation and prejudice.
High frequency of the X-chromosome inactivation in young female patients with high-grade glioma
Authors: Li Gang , Zhang Zhiguo , Jin Tianbo , Liang Hongjuan , Tu Yanyang , Gong Li , Chen Zhongping , Gao Guodong 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
Gliomas are common tumors and high-grade ones account for 62% of primary malignant brain tumors. Though current evidence have suggested that inherited risks play a role in glioma susceptibility, it was conveyed that glioma was such a complex disease, and the direct genetic contribution to glioma risk factors and its relation to other factors should be discussed more deeply. X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) is the mechanism by which gene dosage equivalence is achieved between female mammals with two X chromosomes and male mammals with a single X chromosome. As skewed XCI has been linked to development of some solid tumors, including ovarian, breast, and pulmonary and esophageal carcinomas, it is challenging to elucidate the relation of skewed XCI to high-grade gliomas development.

Objective
The present study aimed to determine the general concordance between XCI pattern in blood cells and brain tissues, and SXCI frequencies in female patients with high-grade glioma compared to healthy controls.

Methods
1,103 Chinese females without a detectable tumor and 173 female high-grade glioma patients, were detected in the study. Normal brain tissues surrounding the lesions in gliomas were obtained from 49 patients among the 173 ones, with the microdissection using a laser microdissection microscope Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood cells and the normal brain tissues from the subjects. Exon 1 of androgen receptor (AR) gene was amplified, and its products of different alleles were resolved on denaturing polyacrylamide gels and visualized after silver staining. The corrected ratios (CR) of the products before and after Hpa II digestion were calculated.

Results
Occurrence of SXCI was detected in both the patients and controls at similar frequencies. However, the phenomenon, as defined as CR ≥ 3, was more frequent in the patients aging ≤40 (23.6%) compared to the corresponding reference group (5.1%, P <0.0001). When CR ≥ 10 was adopted, the frequencies were 5.5% and 1.6%, respectively. Their difference did not attain statistical significance (P = 0.10). When detected, both blood cells and brain tissue were compared after determination of a high concordance of XCI between blood cells and brain tissue collected from the same individuals (n = 48, r =0.57, P <0.01).

Conclusions
The data from the current study demonstrated that SXCI may be a predisposing factor for development of high-grade glioma in young female patients and further study will verify its suitability as a biomarker to assess susceptibility of young female patients to high-grade glioma.

Virtual slides
The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1935066233982578
Microarray gene expression profiling of neural tissues in bovine spastic paresis
Authors: Pariset Lorraine , Bongiorni Silvia , Bueno Susana , Gruber Cesare EM , Prosperini Gianluca , Chillemi Giovanni , Bicorgna Silvia , Gentile Arcangelo , Valentini Alessio 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundBovine Spastic Paresis (BSP) is a neuromuscular disorder which affects both male and female cattle. BSP is characterized by spastic contraction and overextension of the gastrocnemious muscle of one or both limbs and is associated with a scarce increase in body weight. This disease seems to be caused by an autosomal and recessive gene, with incomplete penetration, although no genes clearly involved with its onset have been so far identified. We employed cDNA microarrays to identify metabolic pathways affected by BSP in Romagnola cattle breed. Investigation of those pathways at the genome level can help to understand this disease.ResultsMicroarray analysis of control and affected individuals resulted in 268 differentially expressed genes. These genes were subjected to KEGG pathway functional clustering analysis, revealing that they are predominantly involved in Cell Communication, Signalling Molecules and Interaction and Signal Transduction, Diseases and Nervous System classes. Significantly enriched KEGG pathway’s classes for the differentially expressed genes were calculated; interestingly, all those significantly under-expressed in the affected samples are included in Neurodegenerative Diseases. To identify genome locations possibly harbouring gene(s) involved in the disease, the chromosome distribution of the differentially expressed genes was also investigated.ConclusionsThe cDNA microarray we used in this study contains a brain library and, even if carrying an incomplete transcriptome representation, it has proven to be a valuable tool allowing us to add useful and new information to a poorly studied disease. By using this tool, we examined nearly 15000 transcripts and analysed gene pathways affected by the disease. Particularly, our data suggest also a defective glycinergic synaptic transmission in the development of the disease and an alteration of calcium signalling proteins. We provide data to acquire knowledge of a genetic disease for which literature still presents poor results and that could be further and specifically analysed in the next future. Moreover this study, performed in livestock, may also harbour molecular information useful for understanding human diseases.
Factors Associated With Hearing Impairment in Patients With Congenital Hypothyroidism Treated Since the Neonatal Period: A National Population-Based Study
Authors: Lichtenberger-Geslin Lydia , Dos Santos Sophie , Hassani Yasmine , Ecosse Emmanuel , Van Den Abbeele Thierry , Léger Juliane 
Published: June 2013

Context:
Untreated hypothyroidism is known to impair hearing, but little is known about the long-term hearing of patients treated for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) since the neonatal period.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to assess hearing and its determinants in a population-based registry of young adult patients with CH.

Design, Setting, and Participants:
Self-declared hearing loss was evaluated in 1202 of the 1748 eligible patients with CH who completed a questionnaire on health status at a median age of 23.4 years. Audiograms were obtained for one third of the patients declaring hearing loss (37 of 107).

Main Outcome Measures:
Self-declared hearing loss and audiogram characteristics for patients reporting hearing impairment were measured.

Results:
These patients had a risk of self-declared hearing loss more than 3 times higher than that for the reference population (relative risk [RR] = 3.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.9–4.7). Hearing impairment was diagnosed at a median age of 7.0 (25th–75th percentiles, 3.4–19.0) years, and 17% of affected patients required hearing support in early adulthood. Hearing loss was associated with the type of CH (patients with athyreosis and gland in situ were more frequently affected than those with an ectopic gland [RR = 2.61; 95% CI, 1.77–3.88]), with disease severity, as assessed by bone maturation delay at the time of diagnosis, with at least one knee epiphyseal ossification center absent in the most severe form (RR = 2.29; 95% CI, 1.39–3.79), and with other associated chronic diseases (RR = 3.64; 95% CI, 2.35–5.62). A trend for association with serum free T4 concentration at diagnosis was also observed (RR = 1.47; 95% CI, 0.96–2.23). Hearing loss was mostly bilateral (90%), mild to moderate (96%), of the sensorineural type (76%), and concerned high or very high frequencies.

Conclusion:
Despite major improvements in prognosis, hearing loss remains a significant problem, particularly in patients with severe CH. Parents and primary care providers should be aware of this risk, because early diagnosis and intervention could improve the long-term prognosis in these patients.
Tissue-resident Sca1+ PDGFRα+ mesenchymal progenitors are the cellular source of fibrofatty infiltration in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Paylor Ben , Fernandes Justin , McManus Bruce , Rossi Fabio 
Published: June 2013

Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC) is a disease of the heart involving myocardial dystrophy leading to fibrofatty scarring of the myocardium and is associated with an increased risk of both ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. It often affects the right ventricle but may also involve the left. Although there has been significant progress in understanding the role of underlying desmosomal genetic defects in AC, there is still a lack of data regarding the cellular processes involved in its progression. The development of cardiac fibrofatty scarring is known to be a principal pathological process associated with ventricular arrhythmias, and it is vital that we elucidate the role of various cell populations involved in the disease if targeted therapeutics are to be developed. The known role of mesenchymal progenitor cells in the reparative process of both the heart and skeletal muscle has provided inspiration for the identification of the cellular basis of fibrofatty infiltration in AC. Here we hypothesize that reparative processes triggered by myocardial degeneration lead to the differentiation of tissue-resident Sca1+ PDGFRα+ mesenchymal progenitors into adipocytes and fibroblasts, which compose the fibrofatty lesions characteristic of AC.
Bridging the Gap: Clinical Practice Nursing and the Effect of Role Strain on Successful Role Transition and Intent to Stay in Academia
Authors: Cranford Joan S. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe shortage of registered nurses is inextricably linked to the shortage of nursing faculty which has resulted in the turning away of over 40,000 qualified students in 2010. One solution to the faculty shortage has been to recruit faculty from clinical practice. This often becomes problematic resulting in intent to leave academia within five years. Possible factors contributing to this action are role ambiguity and role strain. This study, therefore, examined role strain experienced by nursing faculty and the extent to which role strain predicted satisfaction with the role transition and intent to stay in academia. Findings revealed that role strain does exist among nursing faculty. Role ambiguity and self-assessed competency are significant predictors of role strain, and role strain is a significant predictor of satisfaction with the role transition and intent to stay. The study also looked at whether age, education, and experience affected role strain, and they were found to be poor predictors.
Resisting, Reaching Out and Re-imagining to Independence: LPN’s Transitioning towards BNs and Beyond
Authors: Melrose Sherri , Wishart Paul M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractLittle is known about the process of how nurses transition between vocational training and institutions of higher education. Understanding this process provides educators with the knowledge to support new groups of university students making this transition. Grounded theory (GT) was used to explore and understand this process. Three studies from a 7-year research program were used as data. The analysis led to the generation of a GT illuminating the process of students transitioning from post-LPN to BN. This GT illustrates how students overcome difficulties encountered moving to a more complex nursing role. The students’ main concern was a lack of independence. The core variable, which resolves this main concern, and which emerged from the analysis of the data is developing independence. There are three sub-core variables, resisting, reaching out and re-imagining which support this core variable of developing independence.
Field Treatment To Stimulate a Deep, Sour, Tight-Gas Well Using a New, Low-Corrosion and Environmentally Friendly Fluid
Authors: Nasr-El-Din H.A.. A. , de Wolf C.A.. A. , Stanitzek T.. , Alex A.. , Gerdes S.. , Lummer N.R.. R. 
Published: June 2013

Summary
Matrix acidizing of high-temperature gas wells is a difficult task, especially if these wells are sour or if they are completed with high-chrome-content tubulars. These harsh conditions require high loadings of corrosion inhibitors and intensifiers in addition to hydrogen sulfide scavengers and iron control agents. Selection of these chemicals to meet the strict environmental regulations adds to the difficulty in dealing with such wells. Recently, a new environmentally friendly chelating agent, glutamic acid-diacetic acid (GLDA), has been developed and extensively tested for carbonate and sandstone formations. Significant permeability improvements have been shown in previous papers over a wide range of conditions. In this paper, we evaluate the results of the first field application of this chelating agent to acidize a sour, high-temperature, tight gas well completed with high-chrome-content tubulars.
Extensive laboratory studies were conducted before the treatment, including corrosion tests, coreflood experiments, compatibility tests with reservoir fluids, and reaction-rate measurements using a rotating disk apparatus. The treatment started by pumping a preflush of mutual solvent and water-wetting surfactant, followed by the main stage consisting of 20 wt% GLDA with a low concentration of a proper corrosion inhibitor. Following the treatment, the well was put on production, and samples of flowback fluids were collected. The concentrations of various ions were determined using ICP. Various analytical techniques were used to determine the concentration of GLDA and other organic compounds in the flowback samples.
The treatment was applied in the field without encountering any operational problems. A significant increase in gas production that exceeded operator expectations was achieved. Unlike previous treatments where hydrochloric acid (HCl) or other chelates were used, the concentrations of iron, chrome, nickel, and molybdenum in the flowback samples were negligible, confirming low corrosion of well tubulars. Improved productivity and longer-term performance results confirm the effectiveness of the new chelate as a versatile stimulation fluid.
Early Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy Correlates With Methylglyoxal-Derived Advanced Glycation End Products
Authors: Beisswenger Paul J. , Howell Scott K. , Russell Gregory B. , Miller Michael E. , Rich Stephen S. , Mauer Michael 
Published: June 2013

OBJECTIVE
Increased advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and oxidation products (OPs) are proposed to lead to progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). We investigated the relationship between AGEs, OPs, and progression of DN in 103 subjects with type 1 diabetes participating in the Natural History of Diabetic Nephropathy Study.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Mean age of subjects was 17.6 ± 7.4 years, and mean duration of diabetes was 8.3 ± 4.9 years. All patients were normoalbuminuric. Change in glomerular basement membrane (GBM) width from baseline to 5 years, measured using electron micrographs of renal biopsies, was our primary end point, and mesangial fractional volume was a secondary end point. Fast progressors (FPs) were defined as those in the upper quartile of GBM change, and the remaining patients were classified as slow progressors (SPs). AGEs (3-deoxyglucosone and methylglyoxal hydroimidazolones [MGHI]), carboxymethyl lysine (CML), carboxyethyl lysine (CEL), and OPs (methionine sulfoxide and 2-aminoadipic acid) were measured at year 5 by liquid chromatography/triple-quadruple mass spectroscopy on 10-K plasma filtrates.

RESULTS
We found that MGHI, CEL, and CML levels were significantly higher in FPs relative to SPs. No product predicted mesangial expansion. A model containing only HbA1c accounted for 4.7% of GBM width variation, with the total variability explained by the model increasing to 11.6% when MGHI, CEL, and CML were added to the regression model (7.9% increase). MGHI was a significant independent predictor of FP. Using a logistic regression model to relate each biomarker to the probability of a subject’s classification as an FP, CML, CEL, and MGHI, but not HbA1c, showed a significant relationship to the probability of FP.

CONCLUSIONS
The results suggest that these three major AGEs may be early indicators of progression of important DN lesions.
Association Between Remission of Macroalbuminuria and Preservation of Renal Function in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes With Overt Proteinuria
Authors: Yokoyama Hiroki , Araki Shin-ichi , Honjo Jun , Okizaki Shinichiro , Yamada Daishiro , Shudo Ryushi , Shimizu Hitoshi , Sone Hirohito , Moriya Tatsumi , Haneda Masakazu 
Published: June 2013

OBJECTIVE
Studies on the rate of remission of macroalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the effects of reduction in albuminuria on renal prognosis in a primary care setting are absolutely lacking.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 211 T2DM patients with albuminuria ≥300 mg/g were enrolled in a prospective observational study (mean of 4.5 years). The incidence of patients with remission of macroalbuminuria at every 1-year study time point after starting intensified diabetes treatment and the factors associated with remission were evaluated. The association of reduction in albuminuria with renal events (doubling of serum creatinine and end-stage renal disease) was also investigated.

RESULTS
During the 5-year study period, remission to microalbuminuria occurred in 116 patients and the 5-year cumulative incidence was 58.3%. Notably, most cases (82.8%) obtained remission at the 1-year study time point. The remission rate increased with achieving therapeutic targets for blood pressure and blood glucose. Remission and reduction in albuminuria of ≥50% were associated with preservation of renal function. In particular, patients who obtained both remission and 50% reduction at the 1-year study time point exhibited a significantly reduced risk for renal events as compared with those with no remission and no reduction (adjusted hazard ratio 0.30 [95% CI 0.12–0.76]).

CONCLUSIONS
Remission of macroalbuminuria occurs frequently and is associated with the preservation of renal function in T2DM patients. The initial adequate diabetes treatment aimed at reducing albuminuria may lead to improved renal prognosis in the primary care setting.