bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Injury Response of Resected Human Brain Tissue In Vitro
Authors: Verwer Ronald W.H. , Sluiter Arja A. , Balesar Rawien A. , Baaijen Johannes C. , de Witt Hamer Philip C. , Speijer Dave , Li Yichen , Swaab Dick F. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBrain injury affects a significant number of people each year. Organotypic cultures from resected normal neocortical tissue provide unique opportunities to study the cellular and neuropathological consequences of severe injury of adult human brain tissue in vitro. The in vitro injuries caused by resection (interruption of the circulation) and aggravated by the preparation of slices (severed neuronal and glial processes and blood vessels) reflect the reaction of human brain tissue to severe injury. We investigated this process using immunocytochemical markers, reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Essential features were rapid shrinkage of neurons, loss of neuronal marker expression and proliferation of reactive cells that expressed Nestin and Vimentin. Also, microglia generally responded strongly, whereas the response of glial fibrillary acidic protein‐positive astrocytes appeared to be more variable. Importantly, some reactive cells also expressed both microglia and astrocytic markers, thus confounding their origin. Comparison with post‐mortem human brain tissue obtained at rapid autopsies suggested that the reactive process is not a consequence of epilepsy.
The relationship between moderate‐to‐vigorous intensity physical activity and insulin resistance, insulin‐like growth factor (IGF‐1)‐system 1, leptin and weight change in healthy women during pregnancy and after delivery
Authors: van der Wijden Carla L. , Delemarre‐van de Waal Henriette A. , van Mechelen Willem , van Poppel Mireille N.M. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryContextChildbearing is considered to be a significant risk factor for developing overweight and obesity. Physical activity might influence weight change via hormonal changes.ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that higher levels of moderate‐to‐vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) are positively associated with maternal insulin sensitivity and reduce IGF‐1, IGFBP‐3, leptin levels, bodyweight gain/retention and birth weight.MethodsIn healthy nulliparous women, weight measurements were carried out and blood was collected during pregnancy in the 15th, 25th and 35th week, and after delivery at 6, 26 and 52 weeks. At 15 and 35 weeks of pregnancy and 26 weeks postpartum, MVPA was measured using accelerometers. In linear regression models, the relationship between MVPA below or above the median with metabolic and weight outcomes was assessed, adjusted for maternal BMI, age and smoking.ResultsModerate‐to‐vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) decreased significantly during pregnancy, but was very low already in early pregnancy. Insulin resistance and leptin levels increased during pregnancy and decreased significantly after delivery (all P < 0·05). After adjustment, insulin, IGFBP‐3 and BMI were significantly lower at 15 weeks of pregnancy in women with MVPA above the median compared to those with MVPA below the median. After 15 weeks of pregnancy, no significant associations were observed between hormonal levels and MVPA. MVPA was neither related to weight retention, nor to birth weight.ConclusionExcept in early pregnancy, MPVA was not related to metabolic outcomes. In addition, MVPA during pregnancy was not related to weight retention or birth weight.
JLK1486, a N,N‐[(8‐hydroxyquinoline)methyl]‐substituted benzylamine analogue, inhibits melanoma proliferation and induces autophagy
Authors: Koekemoer T. C. , van de Venter M. , Kraus J.‐L. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate anti‐proliferatory activity of a selected N,N‐[(8‐hydroxyquinoline)methyl]‐substituted benzylamine (JLK1486) on melanoma cells and to characterize its mechanism of cell population growth inhibition.Materials and methodsIn vitro cultures of B16F10 (mouse melanoma) cells were used as a model to characterize anti‐proliferatory activity of JLK1486 using MTT growth assay, trypan blue viability assessment, cell cycle analysis, melanin production, β‐galactosidase and acridine orange staining.ResultsProliferating B16F10 and also MeWo (human melanoma) cells were strongly growth inhibited by JLK1486, displaying IC50 values of 196 nm and 110 nm respectively. Anti‐proliferatory effects were independent of cell death and were characterized by a distinct accumulation of cells in G0/G1 phase. Tyrosinase activity and relative melanin content remained unchanged indicating that the anti‐proliferatory activity was not due to phenotype differentiation. Although treated B16F10 cells stained strongly positive for senescence marker β‐galactosidase, cells regained near normal proliferatory activity after removal of JLK1486. Increased acridine orange staining and presence of perinuclear vacuoles suggested induction of autophagy in B16F10 cells. Furthermore, JLK1486 pre‐treatment completely abolished melphalan and antimycin A‐induced apoptosis.ConclusionJLK1486 provides a promising chemical scaffold to develop new anti‐melanoma drugs or combination therapies, due to its potent inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of autophagy, at pharmacologically relevant concentrations.
Effectiveness of individual placement and support supported employment for young adults
Authors: Bond Gary R. , Drake Robert E. , Campbell Kikuko 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAimThe individual placement and support (IPS) model of supported employment was first developed in community mental health centres for adults with severe mental illness. While IPS is an established evidence‐based practice in this broad population, evidence on its effectiveness focused specifically on young adults has been limited. The current study aimed to address this gap.MethodsTo investigate the effects of IPS on young adults, the authors conducted a secondary analysis on a pooled sample of 109 unemployed young adults (under age 30) from four randomized controlled trials employing a common research protocol that included a standardized measurement battery and rigorous fidelity monitoring. Researchers assessed these participants over 18 months on nine competitive employment outcome measures.ResultsOn all measures, the IPS group had significantly better employment outcomes. Overall, 40 (82%) of IPS participants obtained employment during follow‐up compared with 25 (42%) of control participants, χ2 = 17.9, P < .001. IPS participants averaged 25.0 weeks of employment, compared with 7.0 weeks for control participants, t = 4.50, P < .001.ConclusionsThe current analysis supports a small number of previous studies in showing that IPS is highly effective in helping young adults with severe mental illness to attain competitive employment. When young adults acquire competitive jobs and initiate a path towards normal adult roles, they may avoid the cycle of disability and psychiatric patient roles that are demeaning and demoralizing.
Correction of Discretization Errors Simulated at Supply Wells
Authors: MacMillan Gordon J. , Schumacher Jens 
Published: August 2014

AbstractMany hydrogeology problems require predictions of hydraulic heads in a supply well. In most cases, the regional hydraulic response to groundwater withdrawal is best approximated using a numerical model; however, simulated hydraulic heads at supply wells are subject to errors associated with model discretization and well loss. An approach for correcting the simulated head at a pumping node is described here. The approach corrects for errors associated with model discretization and can incorporate the user's knowledge of well loss. The approach is model independent, can be applied to finite difference or finite element models, and allows the numerical model to remain somewhat coarsely discretized and therefore numerically efficient. Because the correction is implemented external to the numerical model, one important benefit of this approach is that a response matrix, reduced model approach can be supported even when nonlinear well loss is considered.
Geolocator tagging reveals Pacific migration of Red‐necked Phalarope Phalaropus lobatus breeding in Scotland
Authors: Smith Malcolm , Bolton Mark , Okill David J. , Summers Ron W. , Ellis Pete , Liechti Felix , Wilson Jeremy D. 
Published: August 2014

The migration route of Red‐necked Phalarope populations breeding on North Atlantic islands has been subject to considerable speculation. Geolocator tags were fitted to nine Red‐necked Phalaropes breeding in northern Scotland to assess whether they migrated to Palaearctic or Nearctic wintering grounds. Of four birds known to return, two had retained their tags, of which one was recaptured. This male Phalarope left Shetland on 1 August 2012 and crossed the Atlantic Ocean to the Labrador Sea off eastern Canada in 6 days, then moved south to reach Florida during September, crossed the Gulf of Mexico into the Pacific Ocean and reached an area between the Galapagos Islands and the South American coast by mid‐October, where it remained until the end of April, returning by a similar route until the tag battery failed as the bird was crossing the Atlantic Ocean. The total migration of 22 000 km is approximately 60% longer than the previously assumed route to the western part of the Arabian Sea, and this first evidence of migration of a European breeding bird to the Pacific Ocean also helps to indicate the possible migratory route of the large autumn movements of Red‐necked Phalaropes down the east coast of North America.
Doppler OCT
Authors: WERKMEISTER R 
Published: August 2014

AbstractOCT is a non‐invasive imaging modality capable of providing information on sample structure with micrometer scale resolution. Doppler OCT (DOCT), a functional extension of OCT, provides knowledge about the motion of the sample and its substructures. It found its main application in biomedical imaging in the assessment of ocular blood flow. Doppler OCT allows for both measurement of blood flow velocities in larger retinal vessels and visualization of the vascular network. Recent developments such as dual beam DOCT make it possible to measure absolute blood flow velocity. Measurements are independent of the a priori unknown Doppler angle and further enable calculation of total blood flow when taking vessel diameter estimation via OCT or fundus camera based approaches into account. In addition, Doppler OCT allows for visualization of blood flow profiles and their alterations in retinal vessels and venous junctions and to further gain insight into hemodynamics as well as to study flow characteristics of the non‐Newtonian fluid blood. Results will be presented that show the potential of DOCT to provide crucial information for diagnosis, monitoring and treatment planning of ocular diseases related to alterations in ocular perfusion.
Kaplan‐Meier analysis and Cox regression
Authors: KIVELÄ T 
Published: August 2014

AbstractKaplan‐Meier analysis and Cox regression are nonparametric techniques with wide applicability. They are needed when time‐to‐event data are analysed (e.g. time to loss of vision, filtration bleb failure, corneal graft rejection). They are especially necessary when follow‐up times vary, which is common in clinical research. The entry data are time to event or last follow‐up, last status (experienced the event, under follow‐up, lost to follow‐up, or died) and any explanatory or confounding variables (e.g. sex, age). Subjects who did not experience the event are “censored” at last follow‐up. Censoring must be independent of the probability of experiencing the event, and the subject must remain at risk of the event after censoring. Kaplan‐Meier analysis produces stepped curves which show the cumulative probability of experiencing the event over time. Cox regression is a related multivariate model that provides a numerical hazard ratio (e.g. increased or decreased risk of the study group to experience the event relative to the control group) adjusted for the effect of other variables included in the regression model. After this talk, participants should be able to recognize time‐to‐event data and interpret studies using these methods.
Cumulative incidence and interval censoring
Authors: KIVELÄ T 
Published: August 2014

AbstractKaplan‐Meier and Cox regression return biased estimates in the presence of competing events that render subjects immune to the event of interest (e.g. a filtration bleb can not fail after dying). Kaplan‐Meier can then be supplemented with cumulative incidence analysis and Cox regression with competing risks regression. The data needed are time‐to‐event or last follow‐up, last status, and explanatory or confounding variables. Subjects who did not experience any event are “censored” at last follow‐up. A set of stepped curves is produced which show the cumulative incidence of each event analysed as a function of time; groups can be compared using dedicated tests. Competing risks regression provides a hazard ratio, adjusted for the effect of other variables in the model. In addition to competing risks, another consideration is the follow‐up interval. Events are usually recorded at planned review visits but actually have taken place earlier, which causes bias. Interval censoring is a method that accounts for this fact. After this talk, participants should be able to recognise competing events and interval censoring, assess whether Kaplan‐Meier and Cox regression were appropriate methods and know alternatives to them.
Stromal corneal dystrophies
Authors: NOWINSKA A 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAccording to the IC3D classification the group of the stromal corneal dystrophies include: TGFBI corneal dystrophies, Macular corneal dystrophy (MCD), Schnyder corneal dystrophy (SCD), Congenital stromal corneal dystrophy (CSCD), Fleck corneal dystrophy (FCD), Posterior amorphous corneal dystrophy (PACD), Central cloudy dystrophy of François (CCDF) and Pre‐Descemet corneal dystrophy (PDCD). The lecture summarizes the clinical data of each corneal dystrophy with the referral to the genetic analysis, histological exam and modern non invasive optical imaging techniques as long as presents current treatment options.
Surgical treatment options for corneal dystrophies
Authors: WYLEGALA E 
Published: August 2014

AbstractCorneal dystrophies are the group of hereditary disorders affecting all corneal layers. The choice of the surgical treatment option depends on the corneal dystrophy type and includes: anterior lamellar keratoplasty for dystrophies without Descemet membrane involvement, descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty for Fuchs corneal dystrophy and penetrating keratoplasty for dystrophies characterized by full corneal thickness involvement. All types of keratoplasty could be performed traditionally or with the assistance of the femtosecond laser. The corneal graft survival depends on the corneal dystrophy type. The recurrence of the disease is a possible complication of the surgery related to the diagnosis of the corneal dystrophy.
Classification of uveitis
Authors: ANDROUDI S 
Published: August 2014

AbstractClassification and standardization of uveitis is important, as it enhances the precision and comparability of clinical research from different centers and assists in the development of a complete picture of the course of the disorders and their response to treatment. Attempts have been made to standardize some aspects of uveitis, and various classification criteria, inflammation grading schema, and outcomes criteria have been described. The most widely used classification of uveitis is the one devised by the International Uveitis Study Group (IUSG) in 1987, based on the anatomical location of the inflammation. This classification includes anterior uveitis (iritis, iridocyclitis, and anterior cyclitis), intermediate uveitis (pars planitis, posterior cyclitis, and hyalitis), posterior uveitis (focal, multifocal, or diffuse choroiditis, chorioretinitis, retinitis, and neuroretinitis) or panuveitis (anterior chamber, vitreous, retina, and choroid). In 2005, the Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) Working Group standardized a grading schema for aspects of intraocular intraocular inflammation, that is, anterior chamber cells, anterior chamber flare, and vitreous haze, was developed. Standardized definitions of outcomes, including reporting visual acuity outcomes, were approved. Today’s uveitis nomenclature has been revised regarding the anatomical location and the grade of inflammation, and supplemented by the inclusion of definitions for onset, duration and course.
Inflammatory and infectious causes of acute visual loss
Authors: SZATMARY G , POLGAR T 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn this course comprehensive review of inflammatory and infectious causes of acute visual loss will be presented. This will include pre‐and retrochiasmal‐chiasmal visual pathway lesions. The lecture will focus on clinical presentation with localizing symptomatology and signs, recommended diagnostic tests, differential diagnosis and treatment possibilities. Also, known pathophysiology of various disorders will be discussed. At the conclusion of presentation the audience will be familiar with the wide range of neuro‐ophthalmological disease states that can result in acute visual loss.
Vascular causes of acute visual loss
Authors: KAWASAKI A 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAcute optic neuropathy due to a vascular cause is essentially a syndrome of ischemic optic neuropathy. The mechanism of ischemic optic neuropathy involves a fall in perfusion pressure to the optic nerve which, in susceptible individuals, leads to infarction of the prelaminar or retrolaminar portion of the optic nerve. Ischemic optic neuropathy can be subdivided into anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and posterior ischemic optic neuropathy . A special category is post‐operative ischemic optic neuropathy. This lecture will discuss the clinical features that distinguish these forms of ischemic optic neuropathy , the risk factors associated with them and the approach to their management.
Variations and repeatability of macular pigment and its spatial profiles in south Asian and white subjects
Authors: HUNTJENS B , CTORI I 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To investigate variations in macular pigment optical density (MPOD) between south Asian and white subjects and explore the repeatability of the MPOD spatial profile.Methods MPOD was measured by heterochromatic flicker photometry in 77 south Asian and 60 white healthy volunteers aged 18 to 39 years, and repeated at a second visit in 24 subjects. The MPOD spatial profile was classified as typical exponential, or atypical ring‐like or central dip (IOVS 2014;55:1440‐1446).Results We report excellent MPOD spatial profile repeatability (96%) between visits. Our findings showed 67% of all subjects with atypical ring‐like or central dip profiles were south Asian. Average integrated MPOD up to 1.8° (MPODav0‐1.8) was increased in subjects with atypical profiles (P < 0.0005). Half peak MPOD value occurred at an average 1.8 ± 0.7° for the typical profile group, which was significantly broader than that for the atypical ring‐like (1.5 ± 0.3°) or central dip profiles (1.4 ± 0.3°, P = 0.01). South Asian subjects had greater MPODav0‐1.8 (0.39 ± 0.13) compared to whites (0.32 ± 0.13 log units, P = 0.01) after controlling for age. White subjects with dark eyes had higher MPODav0‐1.8 than those with light eyes (P = 0.012).Conclusion Classification of the MPOD spatial profile was highly repeatable. Since half peak MPOD value occurred within 1.8° eccentricity, the spatial profile and MPODav0‐1.8 together best describe the distribution of MPOD over the central area where macular pigment has its maximum effect. Further, atypical MPOD profiles offer increased MPOD over a more concentrated area centred on the fovea. Both parameters showed significant variations between the two ethnic groups.
Macular pigment optical density in a French population over 75 years old (MONTRACHET’s study: Maculopathy, Optic Nerve, nuTRition, neurovAsCular and HEarT diseases)
Authors: FLECK O , KOEHRER P , DANIEL S , BINQUET C , BRETILLON L , ACAR N , TZOURIO C , BRON AM , CREUZOT‐GARCHER C 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose The aim of our study was to describe the frequency of macular pigment distribution patterns in a french population‐based study over 75 years old.Methods Three city study (3C) included 9294 subjects aged 65 years or more from three cities (Bordeaux, Dijon and Montpellier) in 1999. After a 10 year follow‐up, Dijon’s cohort had a complete ophthalmic examination in the MONTRACHET study. 1153 patients over 75 years were included. All patients had fundus photographs and macular pigment optical density measured by two‐wavelength autofluorescence. Pseudophakic patients without any retinal pathological conditions were included. In each patient, the eye with the best autofluorescence image quality was included.Results One hundred fourty three eyes were selected (81 right eyes and 62 left eyes). Mean age was 82.0 ± 3.9 years, 71% (102) were women. Macular pigment optical density was 0.93 ± 0.22 density unit at the foveal center, 0.71 ± 0.20 density unit at 0.5° eccentricity, 0.59 ± 0.17 at 1°, 0.36 ± 0.12 at 2° and 0.09 ± 0.03 at 6°. Nineteen patients (13.3%) had ring‐like structure at mean 0.87 ± 0.19° eccentricity, 21 patients had intermediate distribution in density profile, 103 patients had strictly monotonic decline of macular pigment from the center to the periphery. There was no significant correlation between gender and macular pigment pattern (p = 0.36).Conclusion This is the first study describing the frequency of the patterns of macular pigment distribution in an elderly pseudo‐phakic population. It would be useful to establish normative values in this age subgroup.
Human retinal pigment epithelial cells dying through autophagy are engulfed by professional and non‐professional phagocytes
Authors: TÓTH M , KRISTÓF E , DORÓ Z , VERÉB Z , ALBERT R , FÉSÜS L , PETROVSKI G 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Inefficient removal of dying retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells by professional and non‐professional phagocytes can result in debris formation and development of age‐related macular degeneration (AMD). We aimed to study the clearance of autophagic dying RPE cells serving as a model for dry and wet type of AMD, respectively.Methods Autophagic cell death was induced by serum deprivation and H2O2 co‐treatment in ARPE‐19 and primary human RPE (hRPE) cells. Annexin‐V FITC/PI labelling was used to determine the cell death rate, while autophagy detection was achieved by Western blot quantification of LC3 II/LC3 I ratio. The clearance of autophagic dying cells by non‐professional and professional phagocytes was quantified using flow cytometry.Results An increasing percentage of dying RPE cells was observed in a time‐ and concentration dependent manner upon H2O2 treatment. Paralelly, an induction of autophagy could be detected within 2hrs of H2O2 treatment. Phagocytosis studies found autophagic dying cells to be efficiently and increasingly engulfed by both professional and non‐professional phagocytes over time.Conclusion The clearance of autophagic dying RPE cells can be used as a model for studying both dry and wet type of AMD in vitro, as well as for testing future pharmacological agents for treating this disease.