bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aphrodite Anadyomene
Authors: Myres John L. 
Published: October 2013

In ancient tradition, Aphrodite had her great sanctuary at Paphos, because it was here that she ‘rose from the sea.’ And there is a very good reason why she should have been supposed to have ‘risen from the sea’ at Paphos; a natural occurrence which it was possible to study and to explain during a spell of very stormy weather in December 1913.The edge of the plateau, on which the Paphian Temple stands, approaches the coast a little south of the outfall of the Xylino stream, whose ravine bounds the sanctuary to the eastward. From this point north-westwards to New Paphos (Ktima), where a similar plateau-spur shelters a precarious anchorage—the Roman, mediaeval, and modern port—is a single slightly-bayed stretch of steep shingle with level fields inland, the ‘fertile plain stretching down to the sea’ in the sketch-map, JHS IX pl. vii.
Early Attic Votive Monuments
Authors: Raubitschek Anton E. 
Published: October 2013

In Ö. Jh. XXXI Beibl. 21 ff., I published my attempts to put together a number of early Attic votive pedestals, bases, columns, and capitals. I now follow this up by a publication of some Attic archaic monuments which I have similarly connected with their pedestals. Mr. G. M. Young was kind enough to translate into English the first draft of this paper, which was originally written in German.I have excluded from this article the monument to which the Nike, Acropolis no. 690, belonged, as this seemed to me to deserve separate treatment (AJA XLIV). I have also excluded a further series of pedestals, which I have assembled but have not been able to connect with any sculptural fragments. I published these elsewhere in the course of a more general treatise on the technique and form of early Attic statue bases (Bull. Bulg. XII). The references to the sculptural fragments are given here as published in the first and second sections of Schrader Die archaischen Marmorbildwerke der Akropolis; Langlotz Die Koren; and Schuchhardt Rundwerke ausser den Koren.
Details and Chronology of Greek Theatre Caveas
Authors: Dilke O. A. W. 
Published: October 2013

The following abbreviations have been used, in addition to those already used in the Annual.Arias. P. E. Arias, Il teatro greco fuori di Atene, Firenze, 1934.Bieber, Denkmäler. Margarete Bieber, Denkmäler zum Theaterwesen, Berlin and Leipzig, 1920.Bieber, H. T. Id., History of the Greek and Roman Theater, Princeton, 1939.Bulle. H. Bulle, Untersuchungen an griechischen Theatern, München, 1928.D-R. W. Dörpfeld and E. Reisch, Das griechische Theater, Athens, 1896.Defrasse. A. Defrasse and H. Lechat, Epidaure, Paris, 1895.Fiechter, A I, A III. E. Fiechter, Das Dionysostheater in Athen, I, III (Antike griech. Theatergebäude, Stuttgart, 1930–37).Fiechter, Eretria. Id., Das Theater in Eretria (same series; similarly Fiechter, Megalopolis, Oropos, Sikyon).Guide Bleu. Guide Bleu, La Grèce, 1935 ed.Thera. F. Hiller von Gärtringen, Thera, 1899–1902.Thanks are due to the editors, and to Mr. A. M. Woodward (on the subject of the theatre at Sparta), for their kind help and criticism.This article is intended to form a supplement to The Greek Theatre Cavea in BSA XLIII, 125 ff. In the case of the theatre of Dionysus at Athens a detailed description is not necessary, as the works of Fiechter and Pickard-Cambridge cover nearly all the ground; comment is therefore confined to measurements of seats, etc. Theatres visited in Greece and the Aegean only are included.
Excavations in Ithaca, III
Authors: Benton Sylvia 
Published: October 2013

The site lies on the north-west side of the Bay of Pólis (Fig. 1), in a gash on the hillside where rock has fallen away, leaving a sheer face on the south of the site and the débris of undercliff on the north. The sea lies to the east and the entrance to the site on the north is blocked by fallen rocks (Fig. 3). Its position with regard to the other excavations round Stavrós in North Ithaca can be seen on the general plan of the area (Fig. 2 of the preceding article); our Fig. 2 shews the steep hill-side round the site.The cave was accidentally discovered by the proprietor Louisos when digging a pit for a lime-kiln. Schliemann found the excavation in progress in 1864, but did not realize its importance.
The Baptistery at Kepos in Melos
Authors: Casson S. 
Published: October 2013

In April 1913, while at Melos, I took the opportunity of visiting the two churches of Kepos on the south side of the island at the South-eastern extremity of Mount Elias. The northern of these churches has in recent years been restored, and an account of it with a plan, has been published by Messrs. Fletcher and Kitson in the Annual of 1895–6. This plan, however, was made before the church was restored and before the collapse of the dome which made that restoration necessary. There are therefore certain points which need revision in view of the present condition of the church, and there are others which require an altogether more detailed treatment.The restoration has been carried out comparatively well. The main structure has been retained without serious alteration, but the paintings which were inside the dome are no longer in position and at present lie on the floor of the church in fourteen fragments.In the apse of the church is a cruciform font built up of slabs set on edge, of which separate plans are given in the article referred to above. The plans there given, however, do not correspond in all details with the font; these details can be seen from the plan and section given here (Figs. 1, 2), made from measurements which I took on the spot. Messrs. Fletcher and Kitson say that ‘on three sides are seats, on the fourth towards the door of the church, are two steps down, and in the middle a well 2 ft. square.’
Graves of the Arabs in Asia Minor
Authors: Hasluck F. W. 
Published: October 2013

Among the Mahommedan religious antiquities of Asia Minor the tomb-sanctuaries held to represent the resting-places of Arabs killed during the forays of the viii–ix centuries form a well-marked and extremely interesting group. Their authenticity is on general grounds more than doubtful. The campaigns of the Arabs led to no permanent occupation: the lands they had conquered for the moment were restored to Christendom or fell to alien races. Only in the borderlands, where in times of peace Christian and Moslem might meet on equal terms, can we expect a true tradition regarding Arab graves or a continuous veneration of them to have persisted.Of these borderland Moslem cults supposed to date back to the Arab period we can point to two examples, the tomb of the ‘sister of Mahommed’ at Tarsus and the tomb of Umm Haram in Cyprus.The former is mentioned by Willibrand von Oldenburg (1210) as still a place of Moslem pilgrimage under the Christian kings of Armenia. It was situated outside the church of S. (Beatus) Peter and S. Sophia in the middle of the town.
Christianity and Islam under the Sultans of Konia
Authors: Hasluck F. W. 
Published: October 2013

At the first appearance of the Ottomans, towards the close of the thirteenth century, Christian and Turk had already been living for two centuries side by side in the interior of Asia Minor under the rule of the Seljouk Sultans of Roum. The political history of this period is still emerging from obscurity: the social and religious history has hardly been touched. The Byzantine historians, concerned only incidentally with provinces already in partibus, give us no more than hints, and we have none of those personal and intimate records which are apt to tell us much more of social conditions than the most elaborate chronicle.The golden age of the Sultanate of Roum is undoubtedly the reign of Ala-ed-din I. (1219–1236), whose capital, Konia, still in its decay bears witness by monument and inscription to the culture and artistic achievement of his time. Ala-ed-din was a highly-educated man and an enlightened ruler. He was familiar with Christianity, having spent eleven years in exile at Constantinople. One of his predecessors, Kaikhosru I. (1192–6, 1204–10) who likewise spent an exile in Christendom, nearly became a Christian and married a Christian wife.
Dieudonné de Gozon and the Dragon of Rhodes
Authors: Hasluck F. W. 
Published: October 2013

The story of the Rhodian knight Dieudonné de Gozon and the slaying of the great dragon of Malpasso is, largely owing to Schiller's adoption of the theme in a ballad, one of the best-known legends of its type. It is one of several instances in which an historical personage figures as the hero of this quite mythical adventure.Dieudonné de Gozon, a member of the Provençal langue, was the third Grand Master of the Knights of S. John at Rhodes, ruling from 1346 to 1353. He is represented as a simple knight at the time of his great adventure. As might be expected, no contemporary or nearly contemporary authority mentions the dragon-fight of de Gozon. But so early as Mandeville and Schiltberger we find anonymous Rhodian knights figuring as the heroes of current folk-tales of the chivalric type.
I.—Inscriptions
Authors: Hondius J. J. E. , Woodward A. M. 
Published: October 2013

The authors' aim is to include in this article all the inscriptions on minor votive objects found at Sparta during the excavations, by the British School, of the Sanctuaries of Orthia (in 1906–10) and of Athena Chalkioikos (in 1907–08). They have been arranged according to material, those from each of these two sites being described separately, in the following order: stone, metal, ivory, pottery.A few of these inscriptions, which have been published already in the Annual and subsequently in the Laconian volume of the Corpus (I.G. v. 1), are re-published here, without facsimiles, for the sake of completeness. Mr. Woodward made copies of almost all these inscriptions in 1907–08, but never completed the material for publication, owing to the claims of other work. Mr. Hondius, in 1921, re-copied and took impressions of all those inscribed on the carvings in soft stone, except Nos. 20 and 21, and with these exceptions his drawings of the unpublished examples are here reproduced. When Mr. Woodward's reading differs from his, the two versions are given. The inscriptions on the ivory flutes (Nos. 26, 27) are from Mr. Hondius's copies, as are Nos. 66 and 69 of those on the bronze objects; Mr. Woodward is responsible for those on Nos. 24, 67, 68 of the same material, which seem to have escaped Mr. Hondius's notice, and for all those on the pottery fragments from both the sites.
Eros: in early Attic Legend and Art
Authors: Seltman C. T. 
Published: October 2013

The Greek Love-god of the fifth and fourth centuries before our era may perhaps be looked upon as an amalgamation of three distinct divine entities. Eros was Love, the creative desire of nature, and as such the soul within god and man; Eros was the love-child, son of Aphrodite-Cypris; Eros was the idealisation of human beauty beloved.In the ancient cult centres of Thespiae and Parium the god was apparently not so much the personification of human love as a great physical and elemental force of nature. As such he ranks among the three primaeval Forces in the Theogony of Hesiod, who opens with these words his tale of creation (116 ff.): ‘Verily at the first Chaos came to be, but next wide-bosomed Earth, the ever-sure foundation of all the deathless ones who hold the peaks of snowy Olympos and dim Tartaros in the wide-pathed earth, and Eros, fairest among the deathless gods, who unnerves the limbs and overcomes the mind and counsels within them of all gods and all men.’ This is apparently the Eros who figured in the earliest Orphic Theogony, concerning which A. B. Cook has collected a wealth of material. He reconstructs partially the contents, which possibly told that in the beginning was Nyx. Black-winged Nyx laid an egg from which ‘sprang golden-winged Eros. Apparently heaven and earth were regarded as the upper and lower halves of the vast egg.’
Excavations at Sparta, 1924—25: § 2.—The Theatre
Authors: Woodward A. M. 
Published: October 2013

The scanty references preserved from the ancient writers who alluded to the Theatre at Sparta include no description of its shape, size or appearance, with the single exception of the passage in which Pausanias tells us (iii. 14. 1) that it was of white marble (λίθου λευκοῦ, θέας ἄξιον) The other authorities make mention of it only in reference to festivals or other events which took place in it. These allusions cover a long period, but do not help us to gain any idea either of the history of the building or of its form or size at any given date. They may be advantageously cited in chronological order, thus:—Herodotus, vi. 67. (The quarrel of Demaratos and Leotychidas in the Theatre on the occasion of the Gymnopaidiai, ca: 491 B.C.)Xenophon, Hell. VI. iv. 16. (The news of the battle of Leuktra arrived on the last day of the Gymnopaidiai, τοῦ ἀνδρικοῦ χοροῦ ῦνδον ὄντος That ἔνδον means ‘in the theatre’ is confirmed by Plutarch's account, Ages. 29, which repeats Xenophon's, adding ἐν τῷ ′θάτρῳ.)Athenaeus, xv. 631 c. (Quoting Aristoxenos (Aristotle's pupil) for the celebration of the Gymnopaidiai in the Theatre); and iv. 139 e (quoting Polykrates (date unknown) for the procession of boys on horseback passing through the Theatre on the occasion of the Hyakinthia.)
Excavations at Sparta, 1924—25: Note on the Coins found in 1924–25
Authors: Woodward A. M. 
Published: October 2013

In the various regions of the Theatre we found during those two seasons a total of 1199 coins and 16 Byzantine the first season yielding 526 and the second 673. These have not all been cleaned, and many still require identification. Hopelessly indecipherable pieces were more numerous in the first year's finds.The first classification has given us the following particulars:—These were mostly found singly, but three hoards occurred among them:—(a) 28, in lamentable condition, apparently Imperial Æ 1 and 2, probably of the late second and early third centuries; found near footings of column-bases in front of centre of Scenae Frons.(b) 60 Byzantine, copper, extending from Leo VI (886–912) to Manuel I (1143–1180); found, about one metre below modern surface, behind the S. wall of later Skenotheke, just south of the blockedup doorway.(c) 14 small Byzantine, copper, in poor condition, mostly of twelfth century, from Byzantine house-floor ca. 2·50 m. above front seats in E. of cavea.
Journeys in Crete, 1934
Authors: Pendlebury J. D. S. , Money-Coutts M. B. , Eccles E. 
Published: October 2013

The following is an account of some expeditions made from Knossos by members of the British School. It is hoped in time to make a complete register of all ancient sites on the island (more than six hundred are already known). How much is still to be done is shewn by the fact that over thirty-five new sites were found during the course of the journeys here described.The names of the sites here given must be taken with reserve. Pronunciation varies so much from one district to another that accuracy is exceedingly difficult. Moreover, the Turkish names are hard to reproduce, since the Turkish č is written and pronounced ts by the educated, and written ki, while pronounced as English ch by the peasants. The n is liable to be dropped in Crete: thus Alexadros for Alexandros.
The Flowers of Lasithi
Authors: Davis Peter H. 
Published: October 2013

In the past the inaccessability of the Lasithi district of Crete has made a thorough botanical survey difficult. Its flora is still imperfectly known, but as far as can be ascertained at present, it is definitely not as rich in rare plants as several other Cretan districts. Even so, it contains well over a dozen of the island's most spectacular endemics.The Lasithi plain itself is too well cultivated to allow many plants to grow, but the annual Crepis rubra, with flowers like clear pink Dandelions, is a weed on many of the banks. During late summer the grey spiny hummocks of Cichorium spinosum are none too lavishly dotted with their soft sky-blue flowers of typical Chicory shape, and in the walls at the western end of the plain Aristolochia sempervirens is firmly established. The leaves are shaped like arrow-heads, of a dark and glossy green, and among the long twining stems hang down the flowers. Their bent tubular shape is weirdly fantastic and their colour equally so, being dark brownish maroon with a startling golden blotch on the lip.
New Fragments of IG II2 10
Authors: Hereward Daphne 
Published: October 2013

Of the three new fragments of IG II2 10 here discussed, the two most important (Plate 27, a–b, Fig. 1) were identified in 1948 by Mr. George A. Stamires. The third fragment is the inscription published as IG II2 2403.IG II2 10 (EM 8147; Fig. 2) was found on the Acropolis and published by Ziebarth, AM XXIII 27–34. The two contiguous fragments identified by Mr. Stamires had been used as the impost of a column in an early Christian church and ornamented with a cross between two acanthus leaves (Plate 27, c). Professor Soteriou, of the Byzantine Museum, Athens, dated the sculpture, from a drawing, to the early part of the fifth century after Christ. In November 1947 the fragments were in the museum at Aigina, and Dr. Gabriel Welter informed me that he had found them on the slope of Kolonna Hill, near the so-called Temple of Aphrodite, in August 1942.
The Dedication of Callimachus. A Postscript
Authors: Shefton B. B. 
Published: October 2013

I wish to add some points to the description of IG I2 609 which I gave in BSA XLV (1950), 140 ff. The plate number and page references in the following will refer to that article.(1) I do not now think that the traces reported by Wilhelm on the right edge of fragment ƒ (p. 144 and Plate 11 a) are definite enough to suggest a particular or indeed any letter. The bracketing in my version (p. 160) should therefore be amended to:ὄ[νομ᾿ ἐστεφάνοσεν⋮]Mr. M. Mitsos and Mr. E. Vanderpool have kindly checked this point for me on the stone and agree.
Part I. Preliminary Report on the Excavations of 1952
Authors: Wace A. J. B. 
Published: October 2013

The British excavations at Mycenae in 1952 were conducted with a research grant from the American Philosophical Society assisted by contributions from the Universities of Cambridge and Oxford, the British Academy, the Leverhulme Trustees, and the British School at Athens under whose aegis the work was carried out.The excavations began on June 30th, and all active digging ceased on August 18th, though several days were needed to clear up everything and transport the finds to the National Museum in Athens and the Nauplia Museum. Of the finds the bronzes, the ivories, the inscribed tablets, and some pottery wanted for special study were taken to Athens and everything else taken to Nauplia and placed in a separate room. Of the pottery the archaic and classical pottery and the terracotta figurines from the sanctuary by the Causeway, from the excavations of 1950 and 1952, and most of the classical and Hellenistic fragments from the Perseia Fountain House are now in Athens. All the prehistoric pottery except for a few select pieces is in the Nauplia Museum.
The Neolithic Pottery of Knossos
Authors: Furness A. 
Published: October 2013

This article is the result of several months' study of the neolithic pottery of the Stratigraphical Museum at Knossos, which I undertook in the hope of adding more detail to the descriptions published by Sir Arthur Evans and Dr. D. Mackenzie. Evidence obtained from such a study is not, of course, so valuable as it would have been if these excavators themselves had had the opportunity to deal with their neolithic collections with the greater attention that they devoted, for obvious reasons, to the Minoan material. But it is hoped that the present account may make the results of their discoveries available for use in connection with future excavation of the site.The presence of neolithic pottery at Knossos was realised in the first years of excavation, and received a certain amount of attention in summary and provisional reports, concerned as these were necessarily with the startling importance of what later came to be known as the Minoan levels. Evans understood at once the nature of the mound on which his ‘Mycenaean Palace’ stood, and made soundings to virgin soil at several different points. In dealing with the pottery he was assisted by Mackenzie, who made a careful analysis of the material from two Test Pits, and was able to recognise three stages within the neolithic period, an arrangement which was followed in the definitive publication. The somewhat later discovery of neolithic houses beneath the Central Court reinforced the conclusions already reached. Subsequent discussions of the material have been based on the work of Evans and Mackenzie rather than on independent observation, with the exception of some notes in an article by Professor V. G. Childe.
Excavations near Mamousia in Achaia
Authors: Anderson J. K. 
Published: October 2013

About four miles south of the modern railway station of Diakophto in Achaia, on a high saddle between the valleys of the rivers known to Colonel Leake as the Bokhusia and River of Kalavryta, just north of the modern village of Mamousia, are the remains of a small walled ancient city. Leake supposed these ruins to be those of the ancient Achaean city of Keryneia: later the French Scientific Commission in the Morea identified them with the town of Bura: Leake accepted this view, which prevailed generally until it was refuted by Professor Ernst Meyer of Zürich in 1938. I was not at first inclined to accept all Professor Meyer's arguments; he has, however, courteously answered my objections, and a re-examination of the evidence has convinced me that he is right and that the ruins are indeed those of Keryneia.I visited the ruins at the end of 1950 and in the foundations of a small building above the theatre discovered an antique bronze in the form of the head and neck of a goose. This I took to the National Museum in Athens, where it was cleaned and found to be of such interest that a small joint excavation by Mr. Zapheiropoulos, Ephor of Antiquities, and myself, was agreed upon.This excavation was carried out in May 1951. Unfortunately Mr. Zapheiropoulos was unable to be present himself, but I had the benefit of the guidance of his experienced foreman, Mr. Andreas Mitropoulos.