bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Women's Work, Men's Work: Gender and Tourism among the Miao in Rural China
Authors: Feng Xianghong 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn this article, I examine the changes in gender division of labor resulting from a shift from agriculture to wage labor, followed by the growth of tourism, among the ethnic Miao in Fenghuang County of rural China. I argue that the increased flexibility of women's roles might be interpreted as a result of the reality that Miao women, who occupy the low end of every form of power in the local and national social structure, are being pushed around by other more powerful internal and external agents. This increased flexibility did not necessarily empower them but might instead maintain their subordination to men under changing socioeconomic circumstances. The traditional gender ideology of men's superiority was therefore not challenged but reinforced with the penetration of the market economy to rural Fenghuang. Through this ethnographic case, I emphasize two general points regarding gender analysis in tourism: first, in order to fully understand gender dynamics in tourism, it is important to contextualize such analysis with the particular historical and sociocultural factors in a given locality and against the backdrop of the global economic trend; second, for a fair evaluation of women's role and status change, such exploration needs to be situated in the interactive relations between women and men, rather than only focusing specifically on women.
Fragmented Work in Post‐Bubble Japan: Negotiating Identity, Gender, Age, and Class in Triangular Employment Relationships
Authors: Fu Huiyan 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe ascendance of neoliberalism, often subsumed under the rubric of globalization, has a profound impact on the nature of work. Based on yearlong ethnographic fieldwork, this article examines the rise of temporary agency work in post‐bubble Japan where an increasing number of workers are assembled and dispatched by staffing agencies to receiving firms on limited‐term contracts. Such a distinct triangular employment structure provides an exemplary field in which to explore recurring issues of labor flexibility and inequality that characterize contemporary globalization. By delving into minute details of how “dispatched workers” engaging in temporarily and spatially fragmented work make sense of themselves, the article aims to accentuate the role of power in the social construction of reality as well as the complexity of everyday practice.
Producing “Silent Brewmasters”: Deaf Workers and Added Value in India's Coffee Cafés
Authors: Friedner Michele 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis article ethnographically explores how and why deaf workers are hired in new Indian coffee shop chains. Arguing that such workers produce added value for the corporations that hire them, hearing coworkers, and customers who frequent these outlets, this article also explores the ambivalence that deaf workers feel about such employment “opportunities.” As a result of the decline in public‐sector employment, the private sector has become a new site of disability employment, and nongovernmental organizations and vocational training centers have been created to train and place disabled workers in the private sector. In the process of such training and placement, these institutions create “workers with disabilities” as a category. Through participant observation, interviews, and literature review, this article explores how this category is produced and what its effects and affects are.
Comparison of desmoglein 1 and 3 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and direct immunofluorescence for evaluation of immunological remission in pemphigus vulgaris
Authors: Daneshpazhooh M. , Kamyab K. , Kalantari M.-S. , Balighi K. , Naraghi Z. S. , Shamohammadi S. , Mortazavizadeh S. M.-A. , Ramezani A. , Chams-Davatchi C. 
Published: June 2013

Summary

Background
Drug withdrawal is the ultimate goal in the management of patients with pemphigus. Direct immunofluorescence (DIF) has long been considered the gold-standard test to predict immunological remission in pemphigus vulgaris (PV); however, there have been no comparisons between DIF and antidesmoglein (anti-Dsg) ELISA.

Aim
To compare anti-Dsg ELISA with DIF in patients with PV for evaluation of immunological remission.

Methods
The study enrolled 46 patients with PV who had absence of any lesion, and had a daily prednisolone dosage of ≤ 10 mg without adjuvant drug treatment in the preceding 6 months. Biopsy specimens were taken from patients and processed for DIF. Intercellular deposition of IgG and/or C3 was considered positive. Serum samples were also collected for anti-Dsg1 and anti-Dsg3 ELISA, and an ELISA index value of &gt; 20.0 was considered positive.

Results
DIF and anti-Dsg ELISA were positive for 11 (23.9%) and 18 patients (39.1%), respectively. Anti-Dsg ELISA had a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 80%, a positive predictive value of 61.1% and a negative predictive value of 100%.

Conclusions
The high sensitivity of anti-Dsg ELISA proves that this simple serological test is a good substitute for DIF for evaluation of immunological remission in PV. As none of the DIF-positive patients was anti-Dsg-negative, it is possible that during the course of immunological remission, results for DIF may become negative before the results for Dsg ELISA do so.
Impact of proangiogenic factors on organization and biodegradation of a collagen matrix. An immunohistochemical study in rats
Authors: Schwarz Frank , John Gordon , Kaiser Thomas , Mihatovic Ilja , Golubovic Vladimir , Becker Jürgen 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of proangiogenic factors [erythropoetin (EPO), human growth hormone (HGH), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF‐BB)] on the organization and biodegradation of a porcine‐derived collagen matrix (CM) in rats.Material and methodsCollagen matrix specimens were soak‐loaded either with EPO, HGH, FGF or PDGF‐BB, each delivered in three concentrations (high, medium, low), and randomly allocated in unconnected subcutaneous pouches separated surgically on the back of 112 Wistar rats, which were divided into four groups (4, 7, 14 and 60 days of healing). Tissue biopsies were prepared for histological (e.g. CM thickness – TH, tissue contact – TC) and immunohistochemical (collagen type III – C3) analysis.ResultsCollagen matrix specimens of the control group were associated with an ingrowth of C3 fibres and subsequently an increase in TH at 7 (11%), 14 (20%) and 60 (21%). Factor application in different concentrations was commonly associated with a faster organization, but also significant biodegradation of CM at 7 (PDGF‐M, FGF‐M, HGH‐H) and 14 days (EPO‐H, HGH‐L). All groups investigated revealed a comparable increase in mean TC values over time.ConclusionWithin the limits of the present study, it was concluded that all proangiogenic factors investigated were associated with a pronounced organization of CM by C3 fibres and a biodegradation of the matrix body. EPO may serve as an alternative to PDGF‐BB.
Nanostructures and hydrophilicity influence osseointegration: a biomechanical study in the rabbit tibia
Authors: Wennerberg Ann , Jimbo Ryo , Stübinger Stefan , Obrecht Marcel , Dard Michel , Berner Simon 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectiveImplant surface properties have long been identified as an important factor to promote osseointegration. The importance of nanostructures and hydrophilicity has recently been discussed. The aim of this study was to investigate how nanostructures and wettability influence osseointegration and to identify whether the wettability, the nanostructure or both in combination play the key role in improved osseointegration.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐six adult rabbits each received two Ti grade 4 discs in each tibia. Four different types of surface modifications with different wettability and nanostructures were prepared: hydrophobic without nanostructures (SLA), with nanostructures (SLAnano); hydrophilic with two different nanostructure densities (low density: pmodSLA, high density: SLActive). All four groups were intended to have similar chemistry and microroughness. The surfaces were evaluated with contact angle measurements, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and interferometry. After 4 and 8 weeks healing time, pull‐out tests were performed.ResultsSLA and SLAnano were hydrophobic, whereas SLActive and pmodSLA were super‐hydrophilic. No nanostructures were present on the SLA surface, but the three other surface modifications clearly showed the presence of nanostructures, although more sparsely distributed on pmodSLA. The hydrophobic samples showed higher carbon contamination levels compared with the hydrophilic samples. After 4 weeks healing time, SLActive implants showed the highest pull‐out values, with significantly higher pull‐out force than SLA and SLAnano. After 8 weeks, the SLActive implants had the highest pull‐out force, significantly higher than SLAnano and SLA.ConclusionsThe strongest bone response was achieved with a combination of wettability and the presence of nanostructures (SLActive).
A correlation between the weight of visceral adipose tissue and selected anthropometric indices: an autopsy study
Authors: Edston E. 
Published: June 2013

What is already known on the subject
Several anthropometric indices are used as an estimation of the true amount of body fat, e.g. the body mass index (BMI). These indices correlate well with each other and with non‐invasive measurements of total body fat and visceral adipose tissue. The indices generally show a strong correlation with cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus.
What this study adds
Direct measurement of visceral adipose tissue by weight (VAW) from autopsy cases positively correlates with the anthropometric indices.
VAW also positively correlates with fatty tissue thickness at separate locations, i.e. renal capsular and epicardial fatty tissue.
VAW is positively correlated with the severity of cardiosclerosis and diabetes mellitus, but there is no significant difference in VAW between deaths from cardiovascular complications and other natural deaths.
SummaryDifferent anthropometric indices and non‐invasive methods have been used to estimate the total burden of body fat. Increased visceral adipose tissue is believed to involve elevated risk for cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease and hypertension. At present, the optimal method to estimate the visceral and total amount of fat remains undecided. In the present study of 201 autopsy cases, direct measurement of visceral adipose tissue by weight (VAW) has been compared to common anthropometric indices, namely body mass index (BMI), waist‐to‐hip ratio (W/Hip ratio), waist‐to‐height ratio (W/Height ratio), body adiposity index (BAI), waist circumference and abdominal wall thickness. The prevalence and severity of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and cause of death were also correlated with the anthropometric data. The outcome was that all anthropometric measurements showed a significant positive correlation with the weight of visceral adipose tissue, and the r‐value of the comparison to waist circumference was the highest (r = 0.82). Thickness of fatty tissue enveloping the kidneys and heart, as well as heart weight, was also strongly correlated with VAW. VAW was significantly higher in men compared with women, and in diabetes mellitus compared with non‐diabetic patients. VAW was also positively correlated with the severity of coronary artery sclerosis. On the contrary, there was no significant difference between high and low VAW comparing between deaths from cardiovascular complications and natural deaths from other causes. The conclusion is that the anthropometric measurements give a good approximation of the real amount of visceral fat, and that waist circumference and W/Height ratio show the best correlations.
Monitoring contact sensitization to p‐phenylenediamine (PPD) by patch testing with PPD 0.3% in petrolatum
Authors: Geier Johannes , Ballmer‐Weber Barbara K. , Dickel Heinrich , Frosch Peter J. , Bircher Andreas , Weisshaar Elke , Hillen Uwe 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundBeing a contact allergen of general relevance, p‐phenylenediamine (PPD) is patch tested in the baseline series. However, PPD 1% in petrolatum may actively sensitize. Patch testing with PPD at 0.35% pet. proved to be safe, as far as active sensitization is concerned.ObjectivesTo determine whether PPD 0.3% pet. reliably detects PPD sensitization.MethodsPatch testing with PPD 0.3% pet. and 1% pet. synchronously was performed in consecutive patients in a multicentre study within the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology.ResultsAltogether, 2042 patients were patch tested. PPD 1% pet. yielded 6.0% positive reactions (n = 123), and PPD 0.3% pet. yielded 4.7% (n = 95). The synchronous reproducibility of PPD reactions was similar as known from parallel patch tests with identical PPD concentrations. The diagnostic properties of PPD 0.3% pet. expressed as reaction index and positivity ratio were good. Of the 123 patients reacting to PPD 1% pet., 32 (26%) had no positive reaction to PPD 0.3% pet. In 22 of these 32 patients (69%), no clinical relevance could be found.ConclusionsAs patch testing with PPD 0.3% pet. is reliable according to our results, we recommend replacing PPD 1% pet. in the baseline series with PPD 0.3% pet.
Evidence of enhanced systemic inflammation in stable kidney transplant recipients with low Framingham risk scores
Authors: Mansell Holly , Rosaasen Nicola , Dean Jonathan , Shoker Ahmed 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundWhile the Framingham risk score (FRS) predicts cardiovascular risk in the general population, it underestimates cardiovascular events in renal transplant recipients (RTR). Inflammation is common in RTR, and it is also a hallmark of vascular injury contributing to cardiovascular events.ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between inflammatory chemokines (CCL family) and FRS in a stable RTR.MethodsThe modified FRS (2009) was used to calculate the 10‐yr probability of CVE in 150 RTR. A cross‐sectional study measured plasma levels of 14 CCLs by Luminex technique in 53% (79/150) of the cohort and 28 controls.Results43.3% of RTR was classified as low, 16% moderate, and 40.7% high FRS. FRS correlated with eGFR and all CCLs with R of <0.2(p = n.s). Compared with controls, CCL 1,4,8,15, and 27 were equally increased in both the high and low FRS groups (p < 0.04 and 0.03, respectively). The percentage of patients with low FRS and CCL 8,15, and 27 values above the 95% cutoff control levels was 46.1%, 76.9%, and 53.8%, respectively.ConclusionsOver one half of stable RTR, including those with low FRS, have increased inflammatory chemokine levels. Inflammation is not accounted for in the FRS, and this may explain the poor performance of FRS in transplant patients.
New measures for assessing model equilibrium and prediction mismatch in species distribution models
Authors: Márcia Barbosa A. , Real Raimundo , Muñoz A.‐Román , Brown Jennifer A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractModels based on species distributions are widely used and serve important purposes in ecology, biogeography and conservation. Their continuous predictions of environmental suitability are commonly converted into a binary classification of predicted (or potential) presences and absences, whose accuracy is then evaluated through a number of measures that have been the subject of recent reviews. We propose four additional measures that analyse observation‐prediction mismatch from a different angle – namely, from the perspective of the predicted rather than the observed area – and add to the existing toolset of model evaluation methods. We explain how these measures can complete the view provided by the existing measures, allowing further insights into distribution model predictions. We also describe how they can be particularly useful when using models to forecast the spread of diseases or of invasive species and to predict modifications in species’ distributions under climate and land‐use change.
Product Positioning Using a Self‐Organizing Map and the Rings of Influence
Authors: Hadjinicola George C. , Charalambous Christakis , Muller Eitan 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIn this article, we propose a new product positioning method based on the neural network methodology of a self‐organizing map. The method incorporates the concept of rings of influence, where a firm evaluates individual consumers and decides on the intensity to pursue a consumer, based on the probability that this consumer will purchase a competing product. The method has several advantages over earlier work. First, no limitations are imposed on the number of competing products and second, the method can position multiple products in multiple market segments. Using simulations, we compare the new product positioning method with a quasi‐Newton method and find that the new method always approaches the best solution obtained by the quasi‐Newton method. The quasi‐Newton method, however, is dependent on the initial positions of the new products, with the majority of cases ending in a local optimum. Furthermore, the computational time required by the quasi‐Newton method increases exponentially, while the time required by the new method is small and remains almost unchanged, when the number of new products positioned increases. We also compute the expected utility that a firm will provide consumers by offering its products. We show that as the intensity with which a firm pursues consumers increases, the new method results in near‐optimal solutions in terms of market share, but with higher expected utility provided to consumers when compared to that obtained by a quasi‐Newton method. Thus, the new method can serve as a managerial decision‐making tool to compare the short‐term market share objective with the long‐term expected utility that a firm will provide to consumers, when it positions its products and intensifies its effort to attract consumers away from competition.
Paired maxillary and smaller mandibular mouthguard for rugby player with malalignment
Authors: Takeda Tomotaka , Kajima Takaki , Nakajima Kazunori , Narimatsu Keishiro , Konno Michiyo , Hasegawa Ken , Sekiguchi Chieko , Ozawa Takamitsu , Noh Kwantae , Ishigami Keiichi 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA rugby player who had frequently experienced soft tissue injuries while playing rugby and wearing a conventional custom‐made mouthguard came to the hospital clinic. The patient had suffered traumatic soft tissue injuries such as lip lacerations and bite trauma. Severe crowding due to ectopic maxillary and mandibular canines was observed. In response to the patient's request for better protection, a set of maxillary and mandibular mouthguards was designed: one covering the entire maxillary dentition and the other the mandibular front teeth only. The mouthguards were to be worn simultaneously. In this paper, we describe how these mouthguards were fabricated and discuss the results. The patient has experienced no injury to the stomatognathic system, including the lips, for five seasons since he began wearing this set of mouthguards. This new pairing of mouthguards appears to offer sufficient protection against injury, despite severe malalignment. We believe that this new type of paired maxillary and mandibular mouthguards has the potential to reduce sports‐related dental injuries.
Maxillofacial injuries and traumatic brain injury – a pilot study
Authors: Rajandram Rama Krsna , Syed Omar Syed Nabil , Rashdi Muhd Fazly Nizam , Abdul Jabar Mohd Nazimi 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundMaxillofacial injuries comprising hard tissue as well as soft tissue injuries can be associated with traumatic brain injuries due to the impact of forces transmitted through the head and neck. To date, the role of maxillofacial injury on brain injury has not been properly documented with some saying it has a protective function on the brain while others opposing this idea.AimThis cross‐sectional retrospective study evaluated all patients with maxillofacial injuries. The aim of the study was to analyze the occurrence and relationship of maxillofacial injuries with traumatic brain injuries.Material and MethodsWe retrospectively studied the hospital charts of all trauma patients seen at the accident and emergency department of UKM Medical Centre from November 2010 until November 2011. A detail analysis was then carried out on all patients who satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria.ResultsA total of 11294 patients were classified as trauma patients in which 176 patients had facial fractures and 292 did not have facial fractures. Middle face fractures was the most common pattern of facial fracture seen. Traumatic brain injury was present in 36.7% of maxillofacial cases. A significant association was found between facial fractures and traumatic brain injury (P < 0.05). Patient with facial fractures had a 1.5 increased risk of having a traumatic brain injury (95% CI 1.197–1.909).ConclusionPatients with maxillofacial injuries with or without facial fractures are at risk of acute or delayed traumatic brain injury. All patients should always have proper radiological investigations together with a proper observation and follow‐up schedule.
Serial plasma vasopressin concentration in healthy and hospitalised neonatal foals
Authors: Borchers A. , Magdesian K. G. , Schenck P. A. , Kass P. H. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryReasons for performing studyVasopressin dysregulation occurs in critically ill human patients and in neonatal foals. Limited data about serial plasma vasopressin dynamics exist in sick neonatal foals.ObjectivesTo evaluate serial plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) concentrations in sick neonatal foals.Study designProspective, longitudinal clinical study.MethodsPlasma samples were collected from 7 healthy and 26 sick foals before and after initial fluid resuscitation and 12, 24, 36, 48 and 96 h after presentation. Foals with a modified sepsis score ≥11 were considered septic.ResultsAdmission AVP was increased in septic foals compared to healthy and to sick, nonseptic foals. There were no significant differences between groups on subsequent days. Nonsurvivors had higher AVP concentrations than survivors.ConclusionsPlasma AVP concentrations are higher in septic foals on admission than in healthy and sick nonseptic foals. Higher early plasma AVP concentrations are associated with increased mortality.