bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptation of Subjective Responses to Alcohol is Affected by an Interaction of GABRA2 Genotype and Recent Drinking
Authors: Kosobud Ann E. K. , Wetherill Leah , Plawecki Martin H. , Kareken David A. , Liang Tiebing , Nurnberger John L. , Windisch Kyle , Xuei Xiaoling , Edenberg Howard J. , Foroud Tatiana M. , O'Connor Sean J. 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundSubjective perceptions of alcohol intoxication are associated with altered risk for alcohol abuse and dependence. Acute adaptation of these perceptions may influence such risk and may involve genes associated with pleasant perceptions or the relief of anxiety. This study assessed the effect of variation in the GABAA receptor genes GABRG1 and GABRA2 and recent drinking history on the acute adaptation of subjective responses to alcohol.MethodsOne hundred and thirty‐two nondependent moderate to heavy drinkers, aged 21 to 27, participated in 2 single‐blind, counterbalanced sessions, approximately 1 week apart. One session was an intravenous alcohol “clamp,” during which breath alcohol concentration was held steady at 60 mg/dl (60 mg%) for 3 hours, and the other an identical session using saline infusion. Subjective perceptions of Intoxication, Enjoyment, Stimulation, Relaxation, Anxiety, Tiredness, and Estimated Number of Drinks were acquired before (baseline), and during the first and final 45 minutes of the clamp. A placebo‐adjusted index of the subject's acute adaptation to alcohol was calculated for each of the 7 subjective measures and used in a principal component analysis to create a single aggregate estimate for each subject's adaptive response to alcohol. Analysis of covariance tested whether GABRA2 and GABRG1 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes, gender, placebo session, family history of alcoholism, recent drinking history, and the genotype × recent drinking history interaction significantly predicted the adaptive response.ResultsRecent drinking history (p = 0.01), and recent drinking history × genotype interaction (p = 0.01) were significantly associated with acute adaptation of the subjective responses to alcohol for the GABRA2 SNP rs279858.ConclusionsHigher recent drinking was found to be associated with reduced acute tolerance to positive, stimulating effects of alcohol in carriers of the rs279858 risk allele. We postulate that the GABRA2 effect on alcohol dependence may, in part, be due to its effect on subjective responses to alcohol.
The effects of direct storage subsidies under limited rationality: a general equilibrium analysis
Authors: Femenia Fabienne 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe study here the effects of a public subsidy to private storage set up at world level. To simulate the welfare effects and impacts on market fluctuations of this subsidy, we use a dynamic Computable General Equilibrium model assuming imperfect expectations. We also perform different statistical analysis based on our CGE results and show that the storage subsidy can have the undesired effect of destabilizing agricultural markets, depending on the form of economic agents’ price expectations and on the structure of the shocks impacting the agricultural production.
Cronkhite–Canada syndrome: A rare disease presenting with dermatological and gastrointestinal manifestations
Authors: Kronborg Caroline , Mahar Patrick , Howard Anne 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe present a case of Cronkhite–Canada syndrome, which is a rare disease classically characterised by hyperpigmentation, alopecia and onychodystrophy associated with clinical gastrointestinal symptoms and hamartomatous gastrointestinal polyps. Management primarily involves immunosuppression and nutritional support, which led to remission in this case. The recognition of cutaneous features may lead to early diagnosis and reduce morbidity and mortality.
Retention challenge facing Australia's rural community mental health services: Service managers' perspectives
Authors: Cosgrave Catherine , Hussain Rafat , Maple Myfanwy 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectiveThis paper aims to contribute to the development of a more sustainable Australian rural community mental health workforce by comparing the findings from a literature search investigating impacting factors on retention with the experiences of community mental health service managers running services in rural Australia.DesignSemi‐structured interviews.SettingPublic health sector, rural New South Wales.ParticipantsFive community mental health managers, running services in rural Australia.Main outcome measuresInterviews were undertaken as a pilot for a broader qualitative study investigating factors influencing the decision to stay or leave among community mental health professionals working in rural positions. The purpose of undertaking this pilot study was to test for validity and relevance of the retention phenomena and help inform the research design for the main study.ResultsThree key retention focussed themes were identified: (i) Staffing is a persistent challenge; (ii) Small remote towns pose the biggest challenge; and (iii) The decision to stay or leave is complex and multifactorial.ConclusionsThe findings of this pilot study support previous research and contribute to the understanding of influences on retention among health professionals working in rural community mental health services. Importantly, those who have worked for several years in rural positions hold important information through which to explore factors that impact retention in rural and remote regions.
Interaction of thymic stromal lymphopoietin, IL‐33, and their receptors in epithelial cells in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Liao B. , Cao P.‐P. , Zeng M. , Zhen Z. , Wang H. , Zhang Y.‐N. , Hu C.‐Y. , Ma J. , Li Z.‐Y. , Song J. , Liu J.‐X. , Peng L.‐Y. , Liu Y. , Ning Q. , Liu Z. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundThymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), IL‐25, and IL‐33 system contribute to the initiation and development of Th2 responses. This study aimed to explore the involvement of TSLP, IL‐25, IL‐33, and their receptors in type 2 T‐helper (Th) responses in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs) and their cross‐regulation in human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs).MethodsImmunohistochemistry, quantitative RT‐PCR, ELISA, Bio‐Plex assay, and flow cytometry were used to detect the expression of TSLP/common γ‐like TSLP receptor (TSLPR)/IL‐7 receptor α (IL‐7Rα), IL‐25/IL‐17B receptor (IL‐17RB), and IL‐33/membrane‐bound ST2 (ST2L)/soluble ST2 (sST2) in sinonasal mucosa and HNECs. HNECs cultured at an air–liquid interface were used to explore the expression in regulation of these cytokine systems.ResultsCompared with controls and noneosinophilic CRSwNP, the expression of TSLP/TSLPR/IL‐7Rα and ST2L/sST2 was significantly increased in eosinophilic CRSwNP, predominantly in epithelial cells. In contrast, the expression of IL‐33 and IL‐25/IL‐17RB was enhanced in epithelial cells in both eosinophilic and noneosinophilic CRSwNP compared to controls. The expression of TSLP, TSLPR, and ST2L was positively correlated with symptom and computer tomography scan scores in eosinophilic CRSwNP and with Th2 cytokine expression in sinonasal mucosa. The expression of ST2L was correlated with TSLP and its receptor expression. TSLP could induce ST2L expression that promoted IL‐33‐induced TSLP expression in HNECs. In addition, TSLP/TSLPR/IL‐7Rα and ST2L could be induced by Th2 cytokines, while IL‐25/IL‐17RB and IL‐33 could be upregulated by Th1/Th17 cytokines, in HNECs.ConclusionsThe positive feedback loop between TSLP, IL‐33 and their receptors, and Th2 cytokines may facilitate Th2‐skewed inflammation in eosinophilic CRSwNP.
Urinary 11β‐PGF2α and N‐methyl histamine correlate with bone marrow biopsy findings in mast cell disorders
Authors: Divekar R. , Butterfield J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe utility of measuring histamine and prostaglandin metabolites in the urine of patients with mastocytosis has not been critically examined in a large series of patients. This study examined the relationship between the extent of increase in urinary excretion of 11β‐prostaglandinF2α and N‐methyl histamine, with serum tryptase, whole blood serotonin, and bone marrow findings including morphology, percentage involvement, and abnormal mast cell phenotype.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of 90 patients who were continuously enrolled in the study for a period of 6 years (2008–2014). We recorded serum tryptase, whole blood serotonin, levels of urinary mast cell metabolites 11β‐prostaglandinF2α and N‐methyl histamine (NMH), and bone marrow findings.ResultsUrinary mast cell metabolites 11β‐prostaglandinF2α and N‐methyl histamine correlated with levels of serum tryptase, mast cell burden in the bone marrow, the presence of mast cell aggregates, and atypical mast cells on bone marrow biopsy. Whole blood serotonin did not have a significant correlation with the serum tryptase or mast cell burden in the bone marrow. Urinary NMH was significantly different between c‐kit D816V‐positive and c‐kit D816V‐negative patients, while 11β‐prostaglandinF2α was not. Urinary 11β‐prostaglandinF2α 24‐h excretion >3500 ng and NMH levels >400 μg/gm Cr corresponded with the high degree of bone marrow biopsies positive for atypical mast cells, the presence of aggregates, and c‐kit mutation.ConclusionsEasily obtained and quantified urinary metabolites of histamine (greater than twice the upper limit of normal) and prostaglandin D2 (>3.4 times the upper limit of normal) correlate well with bone marrow findings of mastocytosis.
Sensitization pattern affects the asthma risk in Finnish adult population
Authors: Toppila‐Salmi S. , Huhtala H. , Karjalainen J. , Renkonen R. , Mäkelä M. J. , Wang D. Y. , Pekkanen J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundThere is a large global variation in the sensitization pattern and its association with allergic diseases. In temperate and tropical urban environments, mite monosensitization can be the predominant cause of allergic airway diseases, whereas in other environments, polysensitization is more typical. Sensitization to mite allergens associates with asthma. However, it is suggested that mite sensitization might play a minor role in Northern Europe. The aim of the study was to analyze how sensitization pattern affects the asthma risk in Finnish adults, with a special focus on mites.MethodsA population‐based case–control data (N = 523) from Finnish adult asthma patients with one or two matched controls were used. Asthma was diagnosed based on a typical history of asthmatic symptoms and lung function tests. The allergic sensitization was determined based on skin prick test (SPT) of five mites, three molds, and nine other aeroallergens. Information on demographics was obtained by a questionnaire.ResultsThe proportion of sensitization to any allergen was 55% in the asthma group and 39% in the control group (P = 0.001, OR 2.06, 95% CI = 1.35–3.14). Sensitization to animal dander, pollen, or Aspergillus fumigatus was associated with asthma. Polysensitization to more than one allergen types and the number of SPT‐positive reactions associated with asthma, whereas sensitization to only one allergen type was not associated with asthma.ConclusionsThe large number of sensitizations to several types of allergens distinguishes subjects with asthma. Mite sensitization had little independent association with asthma in Finland.
H1‐antihistamines for primary mast cell activation syndromes: a systematic review
Authors: Nurmatov U. B. , Rhatigan E. , Simons F. E. R. , Sheikh A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundPrimary mast cell activation syndromes (MCAS) are a group of disorders presenting with symptoms of mast cell mediator release.ObjectivesTo assess the effectiveness and safety of orally administered H1‐antihistamines in the treatment of primary MCAS compared with placebo and other pharmacologic treatments.MethodsWe systematically searched five databases and three trial repositories and contacted an international panel of experts to identify published and unpublished trials.ResultsA total of 36 potentially relevant studies were identified. Of these, five crossover trials, enrolling a total of 71 patients (63 adults), met the eligibility criteria. All five of these studies were judged to be at moderate or high risk of bias. Two studies compared an H1‐antihistamine with placebo, two compared two different H1‐antihistamines, and one study compared H1‐ and H2‐antihistamines with oral cromolyn sodium. Four of the five randomized controlled trials were historic (reported from 1983–1993), small (enrolling 8–15 patients), and used agents and/or dosing regimens that are now less commonly used in clinical practice (i.e. azelastine, chlorpheniramine, hydroxyzine, and ketotifen). The fifth trial, which enrolled 33 adults with cutaneous and systemic mastocytosis found 4 weeks of treatment with the second‐generation H1‐antihistamine rupatadine, compared with placebo, resulted in significant improvements in quality of life, symptom control (itching, wheals and flares, flushing, tachycardia, and headache, but not gastrointestinal symptoms), and reduction in itching and whealing after standardized skin provocation to elicit Darier's sign.ConclusionsThere is an urgent need for large, well‐designed, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled randomized trials investigating the effectiveness, cost‐effectiveness, and safety of second‐generation H1‐antihistamines in treatment of primary MCAS.
Extended Analysis of At Least Partially Ordered Multi‐factor ANOVA
Authors: Rayner J. C. W. , Best D. J. , Thas O. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryFor multifactor experimental designs in which the levels of at least one of the factors are ordered we show how to construct components that provide a deep nonparametric scrutiny of the data. The components assess generalised correlations and the resulting tests include and extend the Page and umbrella tests. Application of the tests described is straightforward. Orthonormal polynomials on the ANOVA responses and the factors are required and the formulae needed are given subsequently. These depend on the moments of the responses and of each factor and are easily calculated. Products of at least two of these orthonormal polynomials are then used as inputs into standard ANOVA routines. For example, using the first order orthonormal polynomial on factor A and the second order orthonormal polynomial on the ANOVA response will assess if, with increasing levels of factor A there is an umbrella response with either an increase and then a decrease or a decrease and then an increase.
Screen time is independently associated with health‐related quality of life in overweight and obese adolescents
Authors: Goldfield Gary S. , Cameron Jameason D. , Murray Marisa , Maras Danijela , Wilson Angela L. , Phillips Penny , Kenny Glen P. , Hadjiyannakis Stasia , Alberga Angela S. , Tulloch Heather , Doucette Steve , Sigal Ronald J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimExcessive screen time and diminished health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) are greater problems for obese than nonobese adolescents, but no research has examined the relationship between these two variables. This study examined the association between screen time and HRQoL in overweight and obese adolescents.MethodsA sample of 358 overweight and obese adolescents aged 14–18 years were assessed at baseline between 2005 and 2010 as part of the Canadian Healthy Eating, Aerobic and Resistance Training in Youth (HEARTY) trial. We used the Pediatric Quality of Life (PEDS‐QL) and other self‐report measures to assess HRQoL and screen time, defined as how long the 261 females and 97 males spent viewing TV, using the computer and playing video games.ResultsAfter adjusting for socio‐demographic variables, adiposity, physical activity and diet, screen time duration was associated with reduced overall HRQoL (adjusted r = −0.16, ß = −0.16, p = 0.009) and psychosocial HRQoL (adjusted r = −0.16, ß = −0.18, p = 0.004), but not physical HRQoL. No differences were found between males and females.ConclusionScreen time was associated with reduced overall and psychosocial HRQoL in overweight and obese adolescents. Future research should determine whether reducing screen time improves overall and psychosocial HRQoL in obese adolescents.
Headache and Nausea after Treatment with High‐Dose Subcutaneous versus Intravenous Immunoglobulin
Authors: Markvardsen Lars H. , Christiansen Ingelise , Andersen Henning , Jakobsen Johannes 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTreatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) leads to transient side effects such as headache and nausea during and after the infusion. We hypothesized that subcutaneous administration of smaller doses of immunoglobulin (SCIG) given more frequently leads to less severe headache and nausea and could be an alternative in patients experiencing side effects. Fifty‐nine patients diagnosed with neurological disorders (chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), multi‐focal motor neuropathy (MMN) or post‐polio syndrome) were treated with IVIG, and 27 CIDP or MMN patients with SCIG. For two consecutive weeks daily, registration of the severity of headache and nausea was registered on a visual analogue scale (VAS) from 0 to 100 mm. In the SCIG group, headache reached a peak value of 1 (0–13) mm at day 6 versus 11 (0–96) mm in the IVIG group at day 4 (p < 0.0001). For nausea, the SCIG group had a stable value of 0 (0–21) mm at all days, whereas a peak value of 3 (0–90) mm was reached at day 4 in the IVIG group (p < 0.0001). SCIG leads to less severe headache and nausea than IVIG without fluctuations of side effects in relation to the injections.
Late Holocene high precipitation events recorded in lake sediments and catchment geomorphology, Lake Vuoksjávrátje, NW Sweden
Authors: Berntsson Annika , Jansson Krister N. , Kylander Malin E. , De Vleeschouwer Francois , Bertrand Sebastien 
Published: June 2015

In this paper, we show the potential of combining multi‐proxy analysis of lake sediments with catchment geomorphology to better understand palaeoenvironmental changes. Previous studies have suggested that alpine lakes in N Sweden may be highly sensitive to variations in catchment erosion and precipitation, and that this sensitivity may influence ecologically based reconstructions of past temperature changes. We analysed lake sediments covering the last 5100 years from the alpine Lake Vuoksjávrátje in NW Sweden in order to identify different erosional regimes in the lake catchment, sediment sources and lake sedimentary processes, which ultimately affect the palaeoecological record. The measured proxies include elemental geochemistry from XRF core scanning, grain size, sediment accumulation rates, fraction of terrestrial organic carbon and geomorphological mapping, supported by previously published chironomid and total organic carbon data. From the integrated results we identified time intervals when increased intensity of precipitation altered sedimentation and lake catchment erosional processes. The most prominent event occurred c. 2900 cal. a BP and is interpreted to be the result of excessive precipitation, possibly related to the climatic shift towards cooler and wetter conditions referred to as the 2.8 ka event.
Diatom response to Asian monsoon variability during the Holocene in a deep lake at the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Li Yanling , Liu Enfeng , Xiao Xiayun , Zhang Enlou , Ji Ming 
Published: June 2015

Diatom analysis was applied to a 5.56‐m‐long sediment core, spanning the last 7.8 ka, from Lake Chenghai on the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Diatom assemblages are dominated byCyclotella rhomboideo‐elliptica,Cyclostephanos dubiusand small fragilarioid and periphytic taxa. These diatom taxa are interpreted to be sensitive to changes in trophic status and/or turbulence of the water column that are probably related to variations in precipitation and temperature induced through the Asian monsoon. High abundances ofC. dubius,Staurosirella pinnataand periphytic taxa suggest higher trophic status (mesotrophic) and stronger turbulence in the water column in the middle Holocene (7.8–4.5 kaBP). During the period of 4.5–2.3 kaBP, a decline inC. dubius,S. pinnataand periphytic taxa, and an increase inC. rhomboideo‐ellipticawith the appearance ofCyclotella ocellatasuggests a response to decreasing trophic level (more oligotrophic). After 2.3 kaBP, the persistent increases in C. rhomboideo‐ellipticaand the loss ofCyclotella ocellatamirrored a further decrease in trophic level (oligotrophic). The main changes in the diatom assemblages in the Lake Chenghai sediment core reflect direct and indirect climate forcing and in particular, the strength of monsoonal precipitation, which in turn corresponds to orbitally induced variability in Northern Hemisphere summer solar insolation since 7.8 kaBP.
Inflammasome activity is essential for one kidney/deoxycorticosterone acetate/salt‐induced hypertension in mice
Authors: Krishnan S M , Dowling J K , Ling Y H , Diep H , Chan C T , Ferens D , Kett M M , Pinar A , Samuel C S , Vinh A , Arumugam T V , Hewitson T D , Kemp‐Harper B K , Robertson A A B , Cooper M A , Latz E , Mansell A , Sobey C G , Drummond G R 
Published: June 2015

Background and PurposeInflammasomes are multimeric complexes that facilitate caspase‐1‐mediated processing of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐1β and IL‐18. Clinical hypertension is associated with renal inflammation and elevated circulating levels of IL‐1β and IL‐18. Therefore, we investigated whether hypertension in mice is associated with increased expression and/or activation of the inflammasome in the kidney, and if inhibition of inflammasome activity reduces BP, markers of renal inflammation and fibrosis.Experimental ApproachWild‐type and inflammasome‐deficient ASC−/− mice were uninephrectomized and received deoxycorticosterone acetate and saline to drink (1K/DOCA/salt). Control mice were uninephrectomized but received a placebo pellet and water. BP was measured by tail cuff; renal expression of inflammasome subunits and inflammatory markers was measured by real‐time PCR and immunoblotting; macrophage and collagen accumulation was assessed by immunohistochemistry.Key Results1K/DOCA/salt‐induced hypertension in mice was associated with increased renal mRNA expression of inflammasome subunits NLRP3, ASC and pro‐caspase‐1, and the cytokine, pro‐IL‐1β, as well as protein levels of active caspase‐1 and mature IL‐1β. Following treatment with 1K/DOCA/salt, ASC−/− mice displayed blunted pressor responses and were also protected from increases in renal expression of IL‐6, IL‐17A, CCL2, ICAM‐1 and VCAM‐1, and accumulation of macrophages and collagen. Finally, treatment with a novel inflammasome inhibitor, MCC950, reversed hypertension in 1K/DOCA/salt‐treated mice.Conclusions and ImplicationsRenal inflammation, fibrosis and elevated BP induced by 1K/DOCA/salt treatment are dependent on inflammasome activity, highlighting the inflammasome/IL‐1β pathway as a potential therapeutic target in hypertension.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Inflammation: maladies, models, mechanisms and molecules. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2016.173.issue-4