bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive quantized control based on output feedback for nonlinear systems with sensor faults under intermittent DoS attacks
Authors: Gao Zhen , Song Yongduan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractQuantized signal control has been widely recognized as an effective means for conserving communication resources. However, ensuring stability of quantization‐driven nonlinear systems becomes particularly challenging in the presence of intermittent denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks and sensor failures. This article explores the stable control problem of quantized nonlinear systems subject to DoS attacks. When an attack exists, all signals are unmeasurable. During the dormant phase of a DoS attack, only the quantized output signal is measurable, while there is a deviation between the received signal and the ideal signal due to sensor failure. To address these challenges, a switch‐type quantized observer is designed in this article to estimate unmeasurable state signals. In addition, we integrate the first‐order dynamic filter into the back‐stepping design process, which not only avoid the obstacles arisen from non‐differentiable output signals, but also simplifies the design process. Furthermore, this article adopts a more flexible sector quantizer and derives a set of adaptive laws to compensate for unknown quantization parameters. It is shown that, by utilizing the estimated signal, the proposed quantized adaptive control is able to effectively fight against DoS attacks and also is fault‐tolerant to sensor failures, guaranteeing semi‐globally uniformly ultimately bounded for all closed‐loop signals. Finally, simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed theory.
Efficacy of fertilizer nitrogen source, stabilizer, and application timing for corn nitrogen nutrition
Authors: Nattrass Michael , Varco Jac J. , Dhillon Jagman 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEnhancing fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in corn (Zea mays L.) production is critical for closing yield gaps, increasing producer profitability, and promoting environmental stewardship. In 2014 and 2015, a field experiment was conducted to determine the potential for fertilizer N stabilizer products to improve NUE of granular urea and urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) solution applied to strip‐till corn. A urease inhibitor (UI) or nitrification inhibitor (NI) or both were added at labeled rates to urea or UAN solution for a target rate of 180 kg N ha−1. At V3, a single application of broadcast granular urea and subsurface banded UAN solution with and without fertilizer N stabilizers was made. A split application (50% at V3; 50% at V6) of subsurface banded UAN solution served as a control representing a standard grower practice. Fertilizer N stabilizers improved components of NUE, such as grain N recovery efficiency (GNRE) and partial factor productivity (PFP). A single full rate UAN application did not differ in terms of grain yield each year but did result in less PFP and GNRE in 2015 as compared to the grower standard practice. A timely one‐time full season N rate subsurface banded application of UAN treated with UI and NI to improve NUE could be a viable substitute for the practice of multiple fertilizations. Untreated broadcast urea was inferior to UAN as a N source for corn, but when treated with both a UI and NI, NUE was improved.
Green Synthesis of Au‐Ag@TiO2 Nanocomposite for Photocatalytic Oxidation of Substituted Benzyl Alcohols
Authors: Hazarika Biswajyoti , Ahmed Md. Juned K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe scaling‐up of methodologies in the oxidation of alcohols to carbonyl compounds faced widespread hindrance in industries due to large‐scale use of toxic and expensive metal oxidants. Novel, cost‐effective and eco‐friendly approaches need to be developed to address these problems. Bimetallic nanoparticles (BMNPs) show synergistic effects at atomic level, which makes them excellent catalysts for organic transformations. Transition metal nanocomposite with unique physicochemical properties and high surface area offers a promising alternative to traditional catalysts. Herein, an environment‐friendly methodology was adopted for the synthesis of Au−Ag BMNPs using phenolic‐rich Ocimum basilicum (L.) leaf extract, which was then incorporated into TiO2 matrix for the synthesis of plasmonic Au−Ag@TiO2 nanocomposite. The formation of the nanocomposite was confirmed through analytical characterizations, such as UV–Vis. DRS, FT‐IR, PL, SEM, TEM and XRD. The nanocomposite exhibited excellent catalytic activity in the selective oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols in aqueous media using H2O2 as an oxidant under visible light irradiation at room temperature. The nanocomposite also demonstrated good reusability of 84 % in the fifth cycle, which established its promising candidature for wide‐scale applications. This work holds significant relevance for industries dealing with pharmaceuticals and personal care products, and thus, offers sustainable solution for organic transformations.
Development of Novel Pyridine and Pyrimidine Clubbed Bisindoles as Inhibitors of AKT Pathway
Authors: Poonacha Lisha K. , Metri Prashant K , Xi Zhang , Ravish Akshay , Nagaraja Omantheswara , Kumar Arun M. , Parameshwaraiah Sindhu M. , Swamy Shivananju Nanjunda , Madegowda Mahendra , Lobie Peter E. , Babu Shubha Priya , Pandey Vijay , Basappa Basappa 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIndoles and their derivatives have long been studied for their anticancer properties. Breast cancer has been treated using indole‐3‐carbinol, Indirubins, and many other naturally occurring indoles as well as their synthesized equivalents. It has been determined that the AKT pathway is a prospective target for therapeutic strategies in the treatment of breast cancer. The dysregulation of AKT pathway frequently promotes cell proliferation, survival, and resistance to apoptosis. We synthesized a novel group of bisindole clubbed pyridine and pyrimidine derivatives 5(a–l) using water as the solvent and thiamine hydrochloride as the catalyst. Compounds 5 a, 5 c, 5 d, 5 e, and 5 f are the most active against MCF‐7 cells, with an IC50 values of 2.48±0.39, 1.35±0.13, 3.36±0.53, 4.05±0.61 and 1.91±0.28 μM, respectively. Further, in silico docking of the active compound 5 c had the highest binding energy of −10.59 kcal/mol. Additionally, molecular dynanamics simulations were performed for better understanding the mode of interaction of ligand and protein. In conclusion, we have synthesized bisindoles using thiamine hydrochloride as a catalyst that target AKT pathway in breast cancer cells.
Synthesis of Substituted Benzimidazoles and Benzoxazoles by Iron‐catalysed Reductive Carbonylation of Aryl Iodides
Authors: Markandeya Sarma V. , Lakshmi Parvathi K. , Sridhar Chidara , Rao B Venkateswara , Akkineni Rajesh 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis work describes a novel iron‐catalysed approach for the synthesis of aryl‐substituted benzimidazoles and benzoxazoles. The methodology employs reductive carbonylation using readily available aryl iodides and aryl amines as precursors, with carbon monoxide serving as the efficient carbonyl source. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions with the addition of hydrosilanes and bases. Notably, aryl aldehydes are generated in situ from the aryl iodides, which subsequently react with o‐phenylenediamine or 2‐aminophenol to afford the desired products in high yields. The structures of the synthesized benzimidazoles and benzoxazoles were confirmed using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.
Unveiling Optical Nonlinearity: Exploring Nickel‐Curcumin Complexes through Z‐Scan and Degenerate Four Wave Mixing Techniques
Authors: Nawaz S. Shakeel , Manjunatha K. B. , Ranganatha S. , Supriya S. , Rajendrachari Shashanka , Dileep R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTwo Curcumin (Cur) based mixed ligand complexes of Nickel have been investigated for their optical nonlinearity (NLO). Physicochemical characterization of two nickel precursors and their interaction with curcumin produced two molecules, namely Ni(C3S5)(Cur).2H2O (abbreviated as NiThCur) and NiCl(Cur)(PPh3) (abbreviated as NiTppCur). Additionally the Conceptual‐Density‐Functional‐Theory (CDFT) studies were performed. CDFT‐based optimization parameters of both molecules are theoretically interpreted. HOMO‐LUMO energy gap of NiThCur and NiTppCur were calculated 1.474 eV and 2.744 eV respectively. Both molecules demonstrated good NLO activities, studied by a Z‐scan approach and additionally with a Differential Four wave Mixing (DFWM) technique. Preliminarily investigations showed that the molecules can be potential optical limiters (OL). These studies divulge the exhibition of a 3‐photon absorption (3PA) mechanism by the synthesized molecules. NLO absorption 3PA coefficient (γ) value of 1.34×10−24 m3/W2, third‐order optical susceptibility (χ(3)) value of 1.543×10−11 esu, and the figure of merit 6.64×10−14 esu was observed for the NiThCur complex and γ=3.61×10−24 m3/W2, χ(3)=1.521×10−11 esu, and FoM=5.61×10−14 esu for NiTppCur with Z‐scan (γ and χ(3)) and DFWM methods, respectively. Normalized transmittance (NT) exhibited a decrease to 78.5 % from 100 % in NiThCur and to 69.5 % in NiTppCur. Optical limiting calculations are also presented.
Solidification and Stabilization of Fluorine and Phosphorus in Phosphate Mine Tailings and the Mechanism of F and P Fixation During Soilization
Authors: Li Hailin , Yang Jieqian , Qu Guangfei , Jin Caiyue , Chen Bangjin , Liu Xinxin , Wu Fenghui , Kuang Lingrui , Liu Ye 
Published: July 2024

AbstractResearching methods for harmless and resourceful utilization of phosphate mine tailings presents a new approach to addressing phosphate mine tailings pollution. This study selected a formulation of agents for solidifying fluorine and phosphorus in phosphate mine tailings, investigating the solidification effects of phosphorus and fluorine under different temperatures and time, as well as the changes in the physicochemical properties of phosphate mine tailings. Solidified phosphate mine tailings soilization results showed that phosphate mine tailings: polymerized aluminum sulfate: ferrous sulfate=96.5 : 1.75 : 1.75 worked well, with a leaching toxicity of fluorine of 0.9569 mg/L, a fixation rate of 74.92 %, and a retention of water‐soluble phosphorus of up to 82.75 %. At 25 °C and 28 days of cultivation, the leaching toxicity of phosphate mine tailings treated with the solidifying agent was less. Solidified phosphate mine tailings were again added with solidifying agent to solidify phosphorus and fluorine, and the stabilization rate of fluorine reached 90.08 %. The “soil” cultivated for 28 days had an optimal structure of nutrients, and the germination rate of cabbage seeds was 83.33 %. This study demonstrates the possibility of using phosphate mine tailings as planting soil, and provides a useful theoretical basis for the fluoride fixation mechanism in phosphate mine tailings.
Achieving a Rapid Na+ Migration and Highly Reversible Phase Transition of NASICON for Sodium‐Ion Batteries with Suppressed Voltage Hysteresis and Ultralong Lifespan
Authors: Wu Qiao , Ma Yuanzhen , Zhang Shengqiang , Chen Xin , Bai Jinbo , Wang Hui , Liu Xiaojie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSodium ion batteries have attracted great attention for large scale energy storage devices to replace lithium‐ion batteries. As a promising polyanionic cathode material of sodium‐ion batteries, Na3V2(PO4)2F3 (NVPF) belonging to NASICON exhibits large gap space and excellent structural stability, leading to a high energy density and ultralong cycle lifespan. To improve its stability and Na ion mobility, K+ cations are introduced into NVPF crystal as in situ partial substitution for Na+. The influence of K+ in situ substitution on crystal structure, electronic properties, kinetic properties, and electrochemical performance of NVPF are investigated. Through ex situ examination, it turns out that K+ occupied Na1 ion, in which the K+ does not participate in the charge–discharge process and plays a pillar role in improving the mobility of Na+. Moreover, the doping of K+ cation can reduce the bandgap energy and improve the electronic conductivity. Besides, the optimal K+ doping concentration in N0.92K0.08VPF/C is found so as to achieve rapid Na+ migration and reversible phase transition. The specific capacity of N0.92K0.08VPF/C is as high as 128.8 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C, and at 10 C its rate performance is excellent, which shows a capacity of 113.3 mAh g−1.
Sustainable synthesis of carbon dots via bio‐waste recycling for biomedical imaging
Authors: Wang Yuxin , Chae Matthew , Oh Teak‐Jung , Qiu Kangqiang , Mehta Kritika , Tan Adrian , Tsai Nien‐Pei , Shi Donglu , Zhang Kai , Diao Jiajie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBio‐waste is a side product of biomedical research containing carbon, which can be utilized for developing carbon dots (CDs). CDs are known to be useful for a variety of applications because of their unique photoluminescence, low toxicity, and straightforward synthesis. In this paper, we employed a one‐step hydrothermal method to prepare CDs from bio‐waste as the only reactant. The as‐synthesized Cell‐CDs were found to be chemically stable and biocompatible. In addition, the spectra of Cell‐CDs’ emissions covered the visible light, which is ideal for super‐resolution imaging. Particularly, dual‐color imaging can be achieved, for example, by staining the plasma membrane with Cell‐CDs emitting one color and staining cytosolic organelles with Cell‐CDs emitting a different color of fluorescence. Here, we demonstrate such applications by studying the subcellular dynamics of live cells.
Stability‐Indicating HPLC Method Development and Validation for the Quantification of Tofacitinib Citrate and Its Related Substances Using Hydrophilic Liquid Interaction Chromatography
Authors: Sivaprasadu G. , Pamerla Muralidhar , Rao Podilapu Atchutha , Rao Adapaka Venkateswara , Salakolusu Suresh , Padhy Harihara , Ganta Ravi Kumar 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTA new stability‐indicating RPHPLC method with short run time has been developed and validated for tofacitinib citrate and its related substances. The novel HPLC method integrates hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) technology as the stationary phase and employs a mobile phase composed of phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) and acetonitrile (45:55, %v/v) at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min under isocratic elution. Analytes were monitored via a UV detector at 210 nm and with the column oven temperature at 30°C for a 20‐min analysis. Precision (%RSD) for Impurity‐A and Impurity‐B and tofacitinib met specifications at 2.4%, 0.8%, and 0.0%, respectively. Accuracy ranged from 86% to 100% for impurities, with LOD at 0.03% and LOQ at 0.05%–0.06%. Correlation coefficients exceeded 0.999 for impurities and tofacitinib citrate. Solution stability was confirmed for 24 h at room temperature. The method range was extended from LOQ to ∼1.5% for impurities and LOQ to ∼150% for tofacitinib citrate. The method's stability was evaluated under acid and base hydrolysis, oxidative and water hydrolysis, and thermal and photolytic degradation. Introducing HILIC as the stationary phase for this work proved effective, eliminating the need of ion pair reagents, reducing analysis time, and ensuring consistent results.
Determination of β‐Hydroxy‐β‐Methylbutyrate Content in Food Raw Materials by High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Zhang Wen‐hua , Xi Cunxian , Yi Xionghai , Zhang Yaqin , Bao Weiqi , Shao Li‐juan , Xu Dun‐ming 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTAn analytical method based on high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the determination of β‐hydroxy‐β‐methylbutyrate (HMB) content in food raw materials. The quantitative detection was performed by HPLC on diode array detector mode under external standard method. The limits of quantification, calculated as 10 times the standard deviation, were 2.0 g/100 g. The average recoveries were in the range of 92.3%–101%, with relative standard deviations below 3.87%, measured at three concentration levels. This method was used to determine the purity of HMB in 10 commercially available food raw materials. The real sample analysis results showed that the content and measurement uncertainties of HMB were 77.1–81.8 g/100 g and 4.51–4.68 g/100 g respectively, which met the requirement of HMB content in the range of 77–82 g/100 g in the HMB announcement. There are no studies on the detection of HMB in food raw materials in the previous reports. The established method provided reference for the rapid quantification and purity analysis of β‐hydroxy‐β‐methylbutyrate in food raw materials.
Exploring Children's Varied Responses to Interactive Read‐Alouds
Authors: Watts Jeremy Lucian Daniel , Gandy Kathryn Jordan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe responses children make during read‐alouds bridge meaning from stories. Educators must grasp the value of children's responses and reactions to literature. Children's discourse is central to the reading process; thus, children must be allowed to participate in this learning process. Due to this, the read‐aloud process in the classroom should focus on the quality of interactions for the sake of literacy growth and development. Engaging learners in read‐alouds permits them to communicate with the teacher and peers, fosters space for ideas to be valued, and results in a community of learning.
Prediction of carcass weight using the morphometry of ankle bones in hair goats
Authors: Üstündağ Yasemin , Kartal Mehmet 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBacgroundMorphologic measurements such as body lenght, wither height, heart girth, chest width, body leght, cannon‐bone circumference is used to predict carcass weight. For this purpose, estimating carcass weight with measurements of key bones such as ankle bones, which play a significant role in the balance distribution of body weight, seems possible.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to create new regression models for effective carcass weight estimation by using the morphometric data of the talus and calcaneus bones of hair goats.MethodsStudy materials consisted of talus and calcaneus bones obtained from abattoir products of hair goat kids (12–18 months old, 20 female and 20 male) and adult hair goats (36–48 months old, 20 female and 20 male). Morphometric measurements of the talus and calcaneus of each animal were taken by a digital caliper. Using the morphometric measurements, an index and a factor were calculated for each bone. Regression analysis and correlations were examined in IBM SPSS 21 programme.ResultsAs a result, statistical analysis of GLc, GLt, Bd, Calfactor and Talfactor were statistically significant on predicting carcass weight.ConclusionSpecific anatomical structures, such as certain bone measurements, such as talus and calnaneus could serve as indicators of growth performance and also carcass weight performance. In addition new anatomical factors and indices may be produced and new regression methods may be applied with these new parameters to predict carcass weight.
A brief review on quantum computing based drug design
Authors: Das Poulami , Ray Avishek , Bhattacharyya Siddhartha , Platos Jan , Snasel Vaclav , Mrsic Leo , Huang Tingwen , Zelinka Ivan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDesign and development of new drug molecules are essential for the survival of human society. New drugs are designed for therapeutic purposes to combat new diseases. Besides treating new diseases, new drug development is also needed to treat pre‐existing diseases more effectively and reduce the existing drugs' side effects. The design of drugs involves several steps, from the discovery of the drug molecule to its commercialization in the market. One of the most critical steps in drug design is to find the molecular interactions between the target (infected) molecule and the drug molecule. Several complex chemical equations need to be solved to determine the molecular interactions. In the late 20th Century, the advancement of computational technologies has made the solution of chemical equations relatively easier and faster. Moreover, the design of drug molecules involves multi‐criteria optimization. Classical computational methodologies have been used for drug design since the end of the 20th Century. However, nowadays, more advanced computational methodologies are inevitable in designing drugs for new diseases and drugs with fewer side effects. In this context, the quantum computing paradigm has proved beneficial in drug design due to its advanced computational capabilities. This paper presents a state‐of‐the‐art comprehensive review of the quantum computing‐based methodologies involved in drug design. A comparative study is made about the different quantum‐aided drug design methods, stating each methodology's merits and demerits. The review work presented in this manuscript will help new researchers assess the present state‐of‐the‐art concept of quantum‐based drug design.This article is categorized under:
Technologies > Structure Discovery and Clustering
Technologies > Computational Intelligence
Application Areas > Health Care
Assessment of surgical, anesthesia, and obstetric workforce in Somalia
Authors: Omar Mohamed Abdinor , Osman Marian Muse , Mohamud Abdullahi Mohamed , Hashi Abdullahi Said , Mohamed Suleyman Abdullahi , Kifle Fitsum , Corlew Scott , Maswime Salome 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundOne of the core indicators recommended by the Lancet Commission is surgical workforce density, aiming to improve the number of surgery, anesthetists, and obstetric (SAO) providers to 20 per 100,000 population by 2030. We assessed SAO workforce capacity in Somalia and made recommendations for improvement.MethodA cross‐sectional study was conducted using a structured questionnaire from the WHO Program for Global Surgery and Social Change (PGSSC) Surgical Assessment Tool. All hospitals that offer surgical care services were included. A descriptive analysis was conducted using the statistical software SPSS.ResultsOf the 55 surveyed facilities providing surgical care services, 28 (50.9%) were public, mainly in urban areas. We found that there were 474 SAO specialists and non‐specialists (SAO providers) and 446 other important personnel (e.g., midwives, radiologists, and pathologists). Out of 474 SAOs, Banadir had 288. Overall, surgery specialties were the most prevalent profession among SAO providers' workforce, accounting for 160 (33.7%) surgery specialists, with 1.2 per 100,000 population. The six states of Somalia have 54 OB/GYN specialists (0.4 per 100,000 population). There were a total of 22 anesthesia specialists, with a ratio of 0.2 anesthesia specialists per 100,000 population.ConclusionWe found a serious shortage of the SAO workforce in Somalia, and it is unlikely to meet the 2030 Lancet Commission on Global Surgery targets. There is a need for additional training of SAO providers who can offer effective leadership in surgical care services to combat the extremely avoidable surgical‐related morbidities and mortalities.