bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lattice Boltzmann modeling of shallow water flows over discontinuous beds
Authors: Peng Y. , Zhou J. G. , Zhang J. M. , Liu H. 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYNumerical modeling of shallow water flows over discontinuous beds is presented. The flows are described with the shallow water equations and the equations are solved using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) with single relaxation time (Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook‐LBM (BGK‐LBM)) and the multiple relaxation time (MRT‐LBM). The weighted centered scheme for force term together with the bed height for a bed slope is described to improve simulation of flows over discontinuous bed. Furthermore, the resistance stress is added to include the local head loss caused by flow over a step. Four test cases, one‐dimensional tidal over regular bed and steps, dam‐break flows, and two‐dimensional shallow water flow over a square block, are considered to verify the present method. Agreements between predictions and analytical solutions are satisfactory. Furthermore, the performance and CPU cost time of BGK‐LBM and MRT‐LBM are compared and studied. The results have shown that the lattice Boltzmann method is simple and accurate for simulating shallow water flows over discontinuous beds. This demonstrates the capability and applicability of the lattice Boltzmann method in modeling shallow water flows on bed topography with a discontinuity in practical hydraulic engineering. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Derivatives Pricing on Integrated Diffusion Processes: A General Perturbation Approach
Authors: Li Minqiang 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMany derivatives products are directly or indirectly associated with integrated diffusion processes. We develop a general perturbation method to price those derivatives. We show that for any positive diffusion process, the hitting time of its integrated process is approximately normally distributed when the diffusion coefficient is small. This result of approximate normality enables us to reduce many derivative pricing problems to simple expectations. We illustrate the generality and accuracy of this probabilistic approach with several examples in the Heston model. Major advantages of the proposed technique include extremely fast computational speed, ease of implementation, and analytic tractability. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 35:582–595, 2015
Aging in place within permanent supportive housing
Authors: Henwood Benjamin F. , Katz Marian L. , Gilmer Todd P. 
Published: April 2014

ObjectivesThis study examined whether and how permanent supportive housing (PSH) programs are able to support aging in place among tenants with serious mental illness.DesignInvestigators used a mixed‐method approach known as a convergent parallel design in which quantitative and qualitative data are analyzed separately and findings are merged during interpretation. Quantitative analysis compared 1‐year pre‐residential and post‐residential outcomes for PSH program enrollees, comparing adults aged 35–49 years (n = 3990) with those aged 50 years or older (n = 3086). Case study analysis using qualitative interviews with staff of a PSH program that exclusively served older adults identified challenges to providing support services.ResultsSubstantial declines in days spent homeless and in justice system settings were found, along with increases in days living independently in apartments and in congregate settings. Homelessness and justice system involvement declined less for older adults than younger adults. Qualitative themes related to working with older adults included increased attention to medical vulnerability, residual effects of institutional care, and perceived preference for congregate living.ConclusionsPSH is an effective way to end homelessness, yet little is known about how programs can support housing stability among aging populations. Additional support and training for PSH staff will better promote successful aging in place. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Respiration phase‐locks to fast stimulus presentations: Implications for the interpretation of posterior midline “deactivations”
Authors: Huijbers Willem , Pennartz Cyriel M.A. , Beldzik Ewa , Domagalik Aleksandra , Vinck M. , Hofman Winnie F. , Cabeza Roberto , Daselaar Sander M. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe posterior midline region (PMR)—considered a core of the default mode network—is deactivated during successful performance in different cognitive tasks. The extent of PMR‐deactivations is correlated with task‐demands and associated with successful performance in various cognitive domains. In the domain of episodic memory, functional MRI (fMRI) studies found that PMR‐deactivations reliably predict learning (successful encoding). Yet it is unclear what explains this relation. One intriguing possibility is that PMR‐deactivations are partially mediated by respiratory artifacts. There is evidence that the fMRI signal in PMR is particularly prone to respiratory artifacts, because of its large surrounding blood vessels. As respiratory fluctuations have been shown to track changes in attention, it is critical for the general interpretation of fMRI results to clarify the relation between respiratory fluctuations, cognitive performance, and fMRI signal. Here, we investigated this issue by measuring respiration during word encoding, together with a breath‐holding condition during fMRI‐scanning. Stimulus‐locked respiratory analyses showed that respiratory fluctuations predicted successful encoding via a respiratory phase‐locking mechanism. At the same time, the fMRI analyses showed that PMR‐deactivations associated with learning were reduced during breath‐holding and correlated with individual differences in the respiratory phase‐locking effect during normal breathing. A left frontal region—used as a control region—did not show these effects. These findings indicate that respiration is a critical factor in explaining the link between PMR‐deactivation and successful cognitive performance. Further research is necessary to demonstrate whether our findings are restricted to episodic memory encoding, or also extend to other cognitive domains. Hum Brain Mapp 35:4932–4943, 2014. © 2014
FINANCING IRRIGATION
Authors: Brelle François , Dressayre Etienne 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTFor the last 10 years, food security has been coming back to centre stage as a major challenge for future decades. Financing irrigation and drainage is really a broad issue, each main component of which requires specific analysis: investment, operation, maintenance, renewal, rehabilitation and modernization. Questions, and thus answers, differ for funding infrastructures and for paying for water service. Financing setting up, rehabilitation or modernization, operation and maintenance of systems for collective irrigation are considered.The present paper aims to highlight the main lessons learnt from the past, analyse present constraints and trends, and propose in which directions to steer so as to take up the challenge of a sustainable increase in production of more and better food while better preserving ecosystems and natural resources.It asks the question of what should be the contribution from states or public authorities, in other words from all taxpayers or citizens. What can be the role of the private sector, either for financing, building and/or operating, in which cases and under what conditions? What should and can be the contribution of the water end users—and end payers. And what other conditions should be fulfilled for the various financing mechanisms to succeed, like the possible solidarity between usages according to their respective ability to pay? Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spinal ephrinB/EphB signalling contributed to remifentanil‐induced hyperalgesia via NMDA receptor
Authors: Xia W.S. , Peng Y.N. , Tang L.H. , Jiang L.S. , Yu L.N. , Zhou X.L. , Zhang F.J. , Yan M. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundOne of the major unresolved issues in treating pain is the paradoxical hyperalgesia produced by opiates, and accumulating evidence implicate that EphBs receptors and ephrinBs ligands are involved in mediation of spinal nociceptive information and central sensitization, but the manner in which ephrinB/EphB signalling acts on spinal nociceptive information networks to produce hyperalgesia remains enigmatic. The objective of this research was to investigate the role of ephrinB/EphB signalling in remifentanil‐induced hyperalgesia (RIH) and its downstream effector.MethodsWe characterized the remifentanil‐induced pain behaviours by evaluating thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia in a rat hind paw incisional model. Protein expression of EphB1 receptor and ephrinB1 ligand in spinal dorsal horn cord was determined by Western blotting, and Fos was determined by immunohistochemistry assay, respectively. To figure out the manner in which ephrinB/EphB signalling acts with N‐methyl‐d‐aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor, we used MK‐801, an antagonist of NMDA receptor, trying to suppressed the hyperalgesia induced by ephrinB1‐Fc, an agonist of ephrinB/EphB.ResultsContinuing infusion of remifentanil produced a thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia, which was accompanied with increased protein expression of spinal‐level EphB1 receptor, ephrinB1 ligand and Fos; what appeared above was suppressed by pretreatment with EphB1‐Fc, an antagonist of ephrinB/EphB or MK‐801, and increased pain behaviours induced by intrathecal injection of ephrinB1‐Fc, an agonist of ephrinB/EphB, were suppressed by MK‐801.ConclusionsOur findings indicated that ephrinB/EphB signalling is involved in RIH. EphrinB/EphB signalling might be the upstream of NMDA receptor.
Usefulness of urinary kidney injury molecule‐1 (Kim‐1) as a biomarker for cisplatin‐induced sub‐chronic kidney injury
Authors: Nan‐ya Ken‐ichiro , Kajihara Masatomo , Kojima Natsuki , Degawa Masakuni 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTWe explored biomarkers suitable for monitoring sub‐chronic kidney injury using the three rat models of cisplatin (CDDP)‐induced kidney injury, which were designed to extend the current knowledge beyond the sub‐acute exposure period. In the pilot study, a single intravenous administration of 1.5 mg kg–1 CDDP to rats was confirmed to result in no histopathological changes. Subsequently, CDDP was intravenously administered to rats at a dose of 1.5 mg kg–1 for 4 days at 24‐h intervals (Experimental model 1) and for up to 10 weeks at weekly intervals (Experimental models 2 and 3), and the changes in blood and urine components, such as recently recommended urinary biomarkers (Kim‐1, clusterin and so on) and traditional blood biomarkers (blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine), were examined together with the histopathological changes in renal tissues during the development of the kidney injury in each model. In these experimental models, a significant increase in urinary Kim‐1 was observed prior to the histopathological changes in renal tissues, and these changes were retained after the adverse histopathological changes. Significant changes in all of the other urinary biomarkers examined occurred along with the histopathological changes. In addition, the increase in urinary Kim‐1 after weekly treatment with CDDP for 4 weeks was reduced in a time‐dependent manner after cessation of the drug. The present findings indicate that urinary Kim‐1 is the most useful biomarker for CDDP‐induced rat sub‐chronic kidney injury among the biomarkers examined. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of ion‐exchange substrates on grass growth in sandy soils
Authors: Chomczynska Mariola , Pristavko Siergiej , Soldatov Vladimir , Wasag Henryk 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe effect of 2% (v/v) addition of ion exchange substrate to a sandy soil on the growth of Dactylis glomerata L., used as a test species, was studied. Four different exchange additives having pH values in the range 4.45–7.14 were evaluated in pot experiments. These additives were prepared as mixtures of monoionic forms of a strong acid cation exchanger and a weak base anion exchanger, loaded with nutrient ions. The additions of the ion exchange substrates to the sand affected plant growth advantageously, increasing the total dry biomass 3.8– 8.5 times. The most efficient additive appeared to be the substrate with the lowest pH because it contained the largest stock of nutrient elements. The excessive acidity of the additive was spontaneously neutralized in the mixtures with sand due to reaction of the acid excess with carbonates present in the natural sandy soil.
Flooding effects on soil phenol oxidase activity and phenol release during rice straw decomposition
Authors: Liu Shurong , Hu Ronggui , Zhao Jinsong , Brüggemann Nicolas , Bol Roland , Cai Gaochao , Lin Shan , Shaaban Muhammad 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPhenol oxidase (Pox) plays a key role in soil C cycle and its presence may affect soil C mineralization during crop residue decomposition. To examine soil dynamics and relationships between Pox, phenols, Fe2+, and C mineralization, we designed a 53‐d laboratory experiment conducted with and without rice straw addition and under non‐flooded and flooded conditions. The results demonstrate that rice straw can indeed decompose faster under flooded conditions. The addition of rice straw significantly increased soil Pox activity (up to 15‐fold), but only under flooded conditions. Rice straw application increased alkali extractable phenol (AEP) concentration by 129% at day 4. However, flooded conditions reduced soil AEP by 61% and 49% at day 53 with and without rice straw application, respectively. Phenol oxidase activity was positively correlated with dissolved organic C and Fe2+, while negatively related to AEP, which itself was positively correlated with C mineralization (i.e., CO2 emission rates). Also, all relationships between soil Pox, AEP, Fe2+, and C were stronger under flooded conditions. We therefore conclude that flooded conditions in paddy soil may promote straw decomposition as a result of the stimulation of Pox activity and phenol decomposition.
High‐efficiency organic light‐emitting diodes based on the gradient doping and nonlinear cross‐fading doping in transporting layers
Authors: Wang Jing , Huang Saijun , Liu Jun , Wu Xinkai , Shi Xindong , Chen Chaoping , Ye Zhicheng , Lu Jiangang , Su Yikai , He Gufeng 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe have demonstrated that carrier injection and transporting can be fine‐tuned via gradient p‐doping and n‐doping in organic light‐emitting diodes. The doping profile of gradient doping in transporting layer is ultrahigh at the electrode side, declining gradually with the depth into the device until the emission layer. This not only ensures perfect charge injection from electrode to organic transporting layer but also proves an efficient charge transport for light emission. It is proposed that low doping ratio close to the emission layer may avoid possible quenching of excitons by the diffusion of dopant as well. A device based on gradient doping has been proved to obtain better carrier injection and achieve higher external quantum efficiency. To get smoother charge injection and transporting, and simplify the fabrication process, we have developed a nonlinear cross‐fading doping in transporting layer, which has been demonstrated to further enhance the current density characteristics.
Improved long‐term survival after resection of colorectal liver metastases following staging with FDG positron emission tomography
Authors: Abbadi Reyad A. , Sadat Umar , Jah Asif , Praseedom Raaj K. , Jamieson Neville V. , Cheow Heok K. , Whitley Siobhan , Ford Hugo E. , Wilson Charles B. , Harper Simon J.F. , Huguet Emmanuel L. 
Published: April 2014

Background and ObjectivesActual long‐term survival of patients with colorectal liver metastases staged by PET CT has not been reported. Objectives were to investigate whether PET CT staging results in actual improved long‐term survival, to examine outcome in patients with ‘equivocal’ PET CT scans, and those excluded from hepatectomy by PET CT.MethodsA retrospective analysis of patients undergoing hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases between March 1998 and September 2008.ResultsOverall 5‐ and 10‐year survival was 44.8% and 23.9%. PET CT staging resulted in management changes in 23% of patients. PET CT staged patients showed significantly better survival than those staged by CT alone at 3 years (79.8% vs. 54.1%) and at 5 years (54.1% vs. 37.3%) with median survivals of 6.4 years versus 3.9 years (log rank P = 0.018). Patients with equivocal PET CT scans showed worse median survival than those with favourable PET CT (log rank P = 0.002), but may include a subpopulation whose prognosis trends towards a more favourable outcome than those excluded from liver resection by PET CT, whose median survival remains limited to 21 months.ConclusionsStaging of patients with colorectal liver metastases by PET CT is associated with significantly improved actual long‐term survival, and provides valuable prognostic information which guides surgical and oncological treatments. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 110:313–319. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Outcome of Depression and Anxiety After War: A Prospective Epidemiologic Study of Children and Adolescents
Authors: Karam Elie G. , Fayyad John , Karam Aimee N. , Melhem Nadine , Mneimneh Zeina , Dimassi Hani , Tabet Caroline Cordahi 
Published: April 2014

AbstractProspective studies of children exposed to war have not investigated disorders other than posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and have methodological limitations. From a stratified random sample of 386 children and adolescents who had been interviewed 3 weeks after war exposure (Phase 1) a random subsample (N = 143) was interviewed a year later (Phase 2). PTSD, major depressive disorder (MDD), separation anxiety disorder (SAD), overanxious disorder (OAD), and psychosocial stressors were assessed using structured interviews administered to both children and adolescents and their parents. The prevalence of disorders among the 143 at Phase 1 was MDD 25.9%, SAD 16.1%, OAD 28.0%, and PTSD 26.0%, with 44.1% having any disorder. At Phase 2 the prevalence was MDD, 5.6%; SAD, 4.2%; OAD, 0%; and PTSD, 1.4%, with 9.2% having any disorder. Occurrence of disorders at Phase 1 was associated with older age, prewar disorders, financial problems, fear of being beaten, and witnessing any war event (ORs ranged from 2.5 to 28.6). Persistence of disorders to Phase 2 was associated with prewar disorders (OR = 6.0) and witnessing any war event (OR = 14.3). There are implications for detection of at‐risk cases following wars by screening for adolescents exposed to family violence, those with prewar disorders, and those who directly witnessed war events to target them for specific interventions.
Diagnostic Accuracy of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0) PTSD Module Among Female Vietnam‐Era Veterans
Authors: Kimerling Rachel , Serpi Tracey , Weathers Frank , Kilbourne Amy M. , Kang Han , Collins Joseph F. , Cypel Yasmin , Frayne Susan M. , Furey Joan , Huang Grant D. , Reinhard Matthew J. , Spiro Avron , Magruder Kathryn 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) module is widely used in epidemiological studies of PTSD, yet relatively few data attest to the instrument's diagnostic utility. The current study evaluated the diagnostic utility of the CIDI 3.0 PTSD module with U. S. women Vietnam‐era veterans. The CIDI and the Clinician‐Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) were independently administered to a stratified sample of 160 women, oversampled for current PTSD. Both lifetime PTSD and recent (past year) PTSD were assessed within a 3‐week interval. Forty‐five percent of the sample met criteria for a CAPS diagnosis of lifetime PTSD, and 21.9% of the sample met criteria for a CAPS diagnosis of past‐year PTSD. Using CAPS as the diagnostic criterion, the CIDI correctly classified 78.8% of cases for lifetime PTSD (κ = .56) and 82.0% of past year PTSD cases (κ = .51). Estimates of diagnostic performance for the CIDI were sensitivity of .61 and specificity of .91 for lifetime PTSD and sensitivity of .71 and specificity of .85 for past‐year PTSD. Results suggest that the CIDI has good utility for identifying PTSD, though it is a somewhat conservative indicator of lifetime PTSD as compared to the CAPS.
Redefining the timing of surgery for obstructive sleep apnea in anatomically favorable patients
Authors: Rotenberg Brian W. , Theriault Jenna , Gottesman Sophie 
Published: April 2014

Objectives/HypothesisHealthcare remunerating agencies in North America require patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) to undergo a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) trial before funding surgical therapy. The adherence rate of CPAP is problematic. This study's objective was to determine the proportion of surgically favorable patients who failed CPAP who subsequently benefitted from surgical therapy, and to explore consideration of surgical therapy as first‐line treatment in this specific OSA subpopulation.Study DesignThis was a prospective cohort study.MethodsPatients with moderate–severe OSA who had failed a minimum 6‐month trial of CPAP were recruited. All had optimal anatomy for surgery and underwent tonsillectomy with palatoplasty ± septoplasty. Outcome measures included apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and Sleep Apnea Quality of Life Index (SAQLI‐E), and blood pressure. Patients were followed for 1 year.ResultsBy AHI measurement, 85.7% of patients in the entire cohort were successfully treated by surgery. ESS while on CPAP was 13.7 ± 2.9, improving to 4.1 ± 2.5 after surgery. SAQLI‐E scores on CPAP were 25.7 ± 5.8, improving to 10.2 ± 3.2 after surgery. Blood pressure remained elevated during CPAP but normalized after surgery. All changes were significant at P < .001.ConclusionsSurgical intervention improved OSA severity as measured by the ESS, SAQLI‐E, and blood pressure. These measures had not improved on CPAP. AHI improved as well. Our results suggest that certain patients with OSA may be managed more effectively with surgery than CPAP, without confounding issues of treatment adherence and with only minor surgical risk.Level of Evidence2 Laryngoscope 124:S1–S9, 2014
Management of pseudoaneurysms of the internal carotid artery in postirradiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients
Authors: Lam Jacky Wai‐Kei , Chan Jimmy Yu‐Wai , Lui Wai‐Man , Ho Wai‐Kuen , Lee Raymond , Tsang Raymond King‐Yin 
Published: April 2014

Objectives/HypothesisMassive epistaxis due to ruptured pseudoaneurysm of the internal carotid artery (ICA) is an often fatal complication of radiation treatment for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. We review the clinical characteristics and predictors of survival in patients suffering from this serious complication after radiotherapy.Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsClinical records and radiological investigations of postirradiated NPC patients with ICA pseudoaneurysm diagnosed with digital subtraction angiography in Queen Mary Hospital from January 2003 to December 2012 were reviewed. Risk factors analyzed for survival included gender, size of initial tumor, history of second course of radiotherapy, history of previous maxillary swing nasopharyngectomy, presence of persistent disease, successful initial hemostasis, successful airway control, and endovascular treatment.ResultsTwenty‐six were included in the analysis. Twenty‐three patients underwent endovascular treatment, and 20 (87%) had successful control of the bleeding. Eighteen (69%) patients survived. Univariate analysis showed that successful temporary control of bleeding and airway control were associated with survival.ConclusionsPrompt bleeding control and airway management is necessary to improve survival. Endovascular treatment is a good definitive treatment option with a high success rate.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope 124:2292–2296, 2014