bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Absent presence: the ongoing impact of men's violence on the mother–child relationship
Authors: Thiara Ravi K. , Humphreys Cathy 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis paper draws from interviews with 45 mothers and 52 children who participated in an action research project to develop activities to support women and children in the aftermath of domestic violence. A thematic analysis was used to analyse the data and explore the question: In what ways does the perpetrator of abuse remain present in the lives of women and children following separation? The paper invites workers to recognize the distortions created by domestic violence that may need to be identified and addressed in the aftermath of violence. The ways in which past trauma, erosion of self‐esteem and the undermining of the mother–child relationship continues to create a shadow across the present relationship are identified. The continued presence of the perpetrator of abuse through child contact arrangements and ongoing harassment is also highlighted. The ‘absent presence’ of the abusive partner is posited as a concept to assist workers with a framework through which to understand problems in the mother–child relationship which emerge when living with and separating from a violent partner. The paper has implications for social workers orientating practice to focus on perpetrator accountability and support strengthening the mother–child relationship.
Information Density and Syntactic Repetition
Authors: Temperley David , Gildea Daniel 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn noun phrase (NP) coordinate constructions (e.g., NP and NP), there is a strong tendency for the syntactic structure of the second conjunct to match that of the first; the second conjunct in such constructions is therefore low in syntactic information. The theory of uniform information density predicts that low‐information syntactic constructions will be counterbalanced by high information in other aspects of that part of the sentence, and high‐information constructions will be counterbalanced by other low‐information components. Three predictions follow: (a) lexical probabilities (measured by N‐gram probabilities and head‐dependent probabilities) will be lower in second conjuncts than first conjuncts; (b) lexical probabilities will be lower in matching second conjuncts (those whose syntactic expansions match the first conjunct) than nonmatching ones; and (c) syntactic repetition should be especially common for low‐frequency NP expansions. Corpus analysis provides support for all three of these predictions.
Pine sawfly Gilpinia albiclavata sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) infesting Pinus pumila in the Japanese Alps
Authors: Hara Hideho , Nakamura Hiroshi 
Published: January 2015

AbstractGilpinia albiclavata Hara, sp. nov. is described from Honshu, Japan. Larvae feed on needles of Pinus pumila (Pinaceae). Since 2001, severe infestations of the sawfly have been often observed in the Japanese Alps. Notes on the immature stages and the life history are presented.
Taxonomy and evolution of putative thelytokous species of Leptopilina (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) from Japan, with description of two new species
Authors: Wachi Nakatada , Nomano Fumiaki Y. , Mitsui Hideyuki , Kasuya Nazuki , Kimura Masahito T. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWasps of the genus Leptopilina (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) are larvo–pupal parasitoids of Drosophila species. Here we report three putative thelytokous species of this genus from Japan, with description of two new species L. tokioensis and L. tsushimaensis, which have been recorded from central Japan and Tsushima, respectively. Another thelytokous species is L. longipes occurring in northern Japan, although its European populations are assumed to be arrhenotokous. Preliminary phylogenetic analyses suggest the present three species are diversified from one another and also from the other Leptopilina species. These three thelytokous species are infected by B‐supergroup Wolbachia as in European thelytokous species, L. clavipes and L. australis. The evolution of these thelytokous species is discussed based on the present and previous results, and the occurrence and distributions of Leptopilina species in Japan and surrounding regions are briefly reviewed.
The insecticidal spider toxin SFI1 is a knottin peptide that blocks the pore of insect voltage‐gated sodium channels via a large β‐hairpin loop
Authors: Bende Niraj S. , Dziemborowicz Sławomir , Herzig Volker , Ramanujam Venkatraman , Brown Geoffrey W. , Bosmans Frank , Nicholson Graham M. , King Glenn F. , Mobli Mehdi 
Published: January 2015

Spider venoms contain a plethora of insecticidal peptides that act on neuronal ion channels and receptors. Because of their high specificity, potency and stability, these peptides have attracted much attention as potential environmentally friendly insecticides. Although many insecticidal spider venom peptides have been isolated, the molecular target, mode of action and structure of only a small minority have been explored. Sf1a, a 46‐residue peptide isolated from the venom of the tube‐web spider Segesteria florentina, is insecticidal to a wide range of insects, but nontoxic to vertebrates. In order to investigate its structure and mode of action, we developed an efficient bacterial expression system for the production of Sf1a. We determined a high‐resolution solution structure of Sf1a using multidimensional 3D/4D NMR spectroscopy. This revealed that Sf1a is a knottin peptide with an unusually large β‐hairpin loop that accounts for a third of the peptide length. This loop is delimited by a fourth disulfide bond that is not commonly found in knottin peptides. We showed, through mutagenesis, that this large loop is functionally critical for insecticidal activity. Sf1a was further shown to be a selective inhibitor of insect voltage‐gated sodium channels, consistent with its ‘depressant’ paralytic phenotype in insects. However, in contrast to the majority of spider‐derived sodium channel toxins that function as gating modifiers via interaction with one or more of the voltage‐sensor domains, Sf1a appears to act as a pore blocker.
Corporate Taxation, Corporate Power, and Corporate Harm
Authors: Farnsworth Kevin , Fooks Gary 
Published: January 2015

AbstractGlobalisation has increased corporate tax competition amongst states and facilitated widespread corporate tax avoidance. Some of the largest businesses now pay little or no tax: in some cases with the active assistance of governments. This article examines contemporary corporation tax policies, outlines some of the key methods corporations use to minimise their tax liabilities, explores the interdependencies between the demand for reduced tax liabilities and the professional infrastructure of tax planning and avoidance, and examines how the contemporary political economy of corporate taxation enhances the bargaining power of transnational corporations in the implementation of tax policy.
Recent trends in the prevalence of under‐ and overweight among adolescent girls in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Jaacks L. M. , Slining M. M. , Popkin B. M. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryBackgroundMost studies of childhood malnutrition in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) focus on children <5 years, with few focusing on adolescence, a critical stage in development.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate recent trends in the prevalence of under‐ and overweight among girls (15–18 years) in LMICs.MethodsData are from Demographic and Health Surveys (53 countries) and national surveys conducted in Indonesia, China, Vietnam, Brazil and Mexico. The most recent surveys with sample sizes ≥50 when stratified by rural–urban status were included: 46.6% of countries had a survey conducted in the past 5 years, while the most recent survey for 10.3% of countries was over 10 years old. The overall rural sample size was 94 857 and urban sample size was 81 025. Under‐ and overweight were defined using the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) sex‐ and age‐specific body mass index cut points.ResultsSouth Asia had the highest prevalence of underweight; nearly double that of East Asia and the Pacific and sub‐Saharan Africa, and increasing annually by 0.66% in rural areas. Latin America and the Caribbean had the highest regional prevalence of overweight in both rural and urban settings, and this prevalence is increasing annually by about 0.50%. In urban areas, 38% of countries had both an under‐ and overweight prevalence ≥10%.ConclusionsThere is substantial variation across and within regions in the burden of under‐ and overweight, with increasing dual burdens in urban areas. Innovative public health interventions capable of addressing both ends of the malnutrition spectrum are urgently needed.
Influenza vaccination coverage and effectiveness in young children in Thailand, 2011–2013
Authors: Kittikraisak Wanitchaya , Suntarattiwong Piyarat , Levy Jens , Fernandez Stefan , Dawood Fatimah S. , Olsen Sonja J. , Chotpitayasunondh Tawee 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundSince 2009, Thailand has recommended influenza vaccine for children aged 6 months through 2 years, but no estimates of influenza vaccine coverage or effectiveness are available for this target group.MethodsDuring August 2011–May 2013, high‐risk and healthy children aged ≤36 months were enrolled in a 2‐year prospective cohort study. Parents were contacted weekly about acute respiratory illness (ARI) in their child. Ill children had combined nasal and throat swabs tested for influenza viruses by real‐time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. Influenza vaccination status was verified with vaccination cards. The Cox proportional hazards approach was used to estimate hazard ratios. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) was estimated as 100% x (1‐hazard ratio).ResultsDuring 2011–2013, 968 children were enrolled (median age, 10·3 months); 948 (97·9%) had a vaccination record and were included. Of these, 394 (41·6%) had ≥1 medical conditions. Vaccination coverage for the 2011–2012 and 2012–2013 seasons was 29·3% (93/317) and 30·0% (197/656), respectively. In 2011–2012, there were 213 ARI episodes, of which 10 (4·6%) were influenza positive (2·3 per 1000 vaccinated and 3·8 per 1000 unvaccinated child‐weeks). The VE was 55% (95% confidence interval [CI], −72, 88). In 2012–2013, there were 846 ARIs, of which 52 (6·2%) were influenza positive (1·8 per 1000 vaccinated and 4·5 per 1000 unvaccinated child‐weeks). The VE was 64% (CI, 13%, 85%).ConclusionInfluenza vaccination coverage among young children in Thailand was low, although vaccination was moderately effective. Continued efforts are needed to increase influenza vaccination coverage and evaluate VE among young children in Thailand.
Blood Pressure Profiles 5 to 10 Years After Transplant in Pediatric Solid Organ Recipients
Authors: Tainio Juuso , Qvist Erik , Miettinen Jenni , Hölttä Tuula , Pakarinen Mikko , Jahnukainen Timo , Jalanko Hannu 
Published: January 2015

Arterial hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease after solid organ transplantation, emphasizing the need for blood pressure (BP) monitoring. The authors studied 24‐hour ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) parameters (index, load, dipping) and their predictive value with regard to hypertension as well as correlations with graft function and metabolic parameters such as obesity and dyslipidemias. The ABPM profiles of 111 renal, 29 heart, and 13 liver transplant recipients were retrospectively analyzed 5 to 10 years after transplant (median 5.1 years). The BP profiles among the different transplant groups were similar. The BP index and load were abnormal especially at nighttime and the nocturnal BP dipping was often blunted (in 49% to 83% of the patients). The BP variables were found to be equally valued when assessing hypertension. BP load of 50% instead of 25% seems to be a more adequate cutoff value. The BP variables correlated poorly with the metabolic parameters and kidney function. Antihypertensive medication did not notably change the ABPM profile in renal transplant recipients. Hypertension, including nocturnal hypertension, is present in children receiving solid organ transplant, underlining the importance of use of ABPM in the follow‐up of these patients.
Pathway mapping and development of disease‐specific biomarkers: protein‐based network biomarkers
Authors: Chen Hao , Zhu Zhitu , Zhu Yichun , Wang Jian , Mei Yunqing , Cheng Yunfeng 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIt is known that a disease is rarely a consequence of an abnormality of a single gene, but reflects the interactions of various processes in a complex network. Annotated molecular networks offer new opportunities to understand diseases within a systems biology framework and provide an excellent substrate for network‐based identification of biomarkers. The network biomarkers and dynamic network biomarkers (DNBs) represent new types of biomarkers with protein–protein or gene–gene interactions that can be monitored and evaluated at different stages and time‐points during development of disease. Clinical bioinformatics as a new way to combine clinical measurements and signs with human tissue‐generated bioinformatics is crucial to translate biomarkers into clinical application, validate the disease specificity, and understand the role of biomarkers in clinical settings. In this article, the recent advances and developments on network biomarkers and DNBs are comprehensively reviewed. How network biomarkers help a better understanding of molecular mechanism of diseases, the advantages and constraints of network biomarkers for clinical application, clinical bioinformatics as a bridge to the development of diseases‐specific, stage‐specific, severity‐specific and therapy predictive biomarkers, and the potentials of network biomarkers are also discussed.
Cognitive shifting and externalising problem behaviour in intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Visser E. M. , Berger H. J. C. , Van Schrojenstein Lantman‐De Valk H. M. J. , Prins J. B. , Teunisse J. P. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundBehavioural problems are frequently reported in residential care for people with an intellectual disability (ID) in particular when they are additionally diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). There are indications that impairment in cognitive shifting may be associated with problem behaviour. The objectives of this study were (1) to examine the relationship of cognitive shifting and severity of ASD symptoms with externalising problem behaviour in individuals with ID, with and without ASD, and (2) to examine whether a diagnosis based on shifting impairment is more predictive of externalising problem behaviour than an ASD diagnosis.MethodParticipants consisted of adolescents and young adults with mild ID, with and without ASD (n = 41). Pearson intercorrelations were computed to explore the relationship between shifting impairment and severity of ASD symptoms on the one hand and ratings of externalising problem behaviour on the other hand. t‐Tests were performed to analyse differences in externalising problem behaviour.ResultsUnlike ASD symptom severity, shifting scores were found to be associated with externalising problem behaviour, but only if shifting was measured using rating scales and not when using neuropsychological tasks. Externalising problem behaviour scores significantly differed when groups were classified according to shifting impairment (impaired vs. non‐impaired) but not when they were classified according to ID and ASD diagnoses.ConclusionsIt is proposed to use a cognition‐based approach when analysing problem behaviour, thus concentrating not so much on ID and ASD diagnosis and their corresponding symptoms, but rather placing the focus on cognitive symptoms.
Investigation of the Relationship between Increased Vertical Overlap with Minimum Horizontal Overlap and the Signs of Temporomandibular Disorders
Authors: Tinastepe Neslihan , Oral Koray 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to test the null hypothesis that there was no relationship between increased vertical overlap (vertical overlap ≥4 mm) with minimal horizontal overlap (horizontal overlap ≤2 mm) and the signs of temporomandibular disorders.Materials and MethodsThirty participants (20 women, aged 20 to 45 years) with increased vertical overlap and minimal horizontal overlap, and 30 participants (20 women, aged 20 to 45 years) with no contact between the anterior teeth (control group) were examined. Diagnoses, psychological status (depression and nonspesific physical symptoms), and chronic pain severity were judged according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders and then compared. For statistical analysis of quantitative data, along with the descriptive statistical methods (mean, standard deviation, frequency), Student's t‐test was used to compare parameters that reflected a normal distribution. Comparison of qualitative data between groups was performed using Chi‐square and Fisher's exact tests. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05.ResultsIn this study, deviation upon maximum opening was found significantly more frequently in the increased vertical overlap group than in the control group (p < 0.05). Tenderness upon palpation of lateral pterygoid muscles was observed more often in the increased vertical overlap group compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Opening‐closing joint sounds occurred significantly more often in the increased vertical overlap group than in the control group (p = 0.050).ConclusionWithin the limitations of this study, deviation upon maximum opening, tenderness of lateral pterygoid muscles (upon palpation), and opening‐closing joint sounds occurred more often in the increased vertical overlap occlusions with minimum horizontal overlap compared to the control groups. These results indicated that clinicians should pay special attention to the tempormandibuar joint status of patients with significant vertical overlap anteriorly and position of the incisors when performing dental treatments that require reestablishment of incisor relationships.
Effect of Incorporation of Nano‐Oxides on Color Stability of Maxillofacial Silicone Elastomer Subjected to Outdoor Weathering
Authors: Akash R. N. , Guttal Satyabodh S. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of incorporation of two compositions of nano‐oxides on color stability of intrinsically colored maxillofacial silicone elastomer subjected to outdoor weathering.Materials and MethodsNinety Cosmesil M511 silicone elastomer specimens were fabricated. The control group was incorporated with intrinsic coloring agents (umber, brown, yellow), group A was incorporated with intrinsic coloring agents and nanosized titanium oxide (TiO2), and group B was incorporated with intrinsic coloring agents and nanosized zinc oxide (ZnO). For outdoor weathering, specimens were mounted on a treated plywood rack, and the assembly was weathered for 6 months. A GretagMacbeth Spectrolino spectrophotometer was used to determine the CIELAB (L*a*b*) parameter before and after weathering of each specimen, and the values were noted. The color change (∆E) values were analyzed by one‐way ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc test, and paired t‐test.ResultsThe color change (ΔE*) for groups were control group > group A > group B. The control group (0.76 ± 0.32) and group A (0.47 ± 0.19) showed significant difference in the color change before and after weathering (p < 0.00001). Group B (0.03 ± 0.05) showed no significant difference in color change before and after weathering (p = 0.08).ConclusionsThe present findings suggest that incorporation of nano‐oxides improved the color stability of Cosmesil M511 silicone elastomer and also acted as an opacifier. ZnO‐incorporated Cosmesil M511 specimens showed minimal or no color change and proved to be most color stable after being subjected to outdoor weathering.
Fracture and Fatigue Resistance of Cemented versus Fused CAD‐on Veneers over Customized Zirconia Implant Abutments
Authors: Nossair Shereen Ahmed , Aboushelib Moustafa N. , Morsi Tarek Salah 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the fracture mechanics of cemented versus fused CAD‐on veneers on customized zirconia implant abutments.Materials and MethodsForty‐five identical customized CAD/CAM zirconia implant abutments (0.5 mm thick) were prepared and seated on short titanium implant abutments (Ti base). A second scan was made to fabricate 45 CAD‐on veneers (IPS Empress CAD, A2). Fifteen CAD‐on veneers were cemented on the zirconia abutments (Panavia F2.0). Another 15 were fused to the zirconia abutments using low‐fusing glass, while manually layered veneers served as control (n = 15). The restorations were subjected to artificial aging (3.2 million cycles between 5 and 10 kg in a water bath at 37°C) before being axially loaded to failure. Fractured specimens were examined using scanning electron microscopy to detect fracture origin, location, and size of critical crack. Stress at failure was calculated using fractography principles (alpha = 0.05).ResultsCemented CAD‐on restorations demonstrated significantly higher (F = 72, p < 0.001) fracture load compared to fused CAD‐on and manually layered restorations. Fractographic analysis of fractured specimens indicated that cemented CAD‐on veneers failed due to radial cracks originating from the veneer/resin interface. Branching of the critical crack was observed in the bulk of the veneer. Fused CAD‐on veneers demonstrated cohesive fracture originating at the thickest part of the veneer ceramic, while manually layered veneers failed due to interfacial fracture at the zirconia/veneer interface.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this study, cemented CAD‐on veneers on customized zirconia implant abutments demonstrated higher fracture than fused and manually layered veneers.
Prosthetic Management for a Palatal Perforation from Cocaine Abuse
Authors: Rilo Benito , Fernández‐Formoso Noelia , DaSilva Luis , Pinho Joâo Carlos , Lago Laura 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe intranasal inhalation of cocaine predisposes the user to a wider range of local and systemic complications. This article describes the history of a 31‐year‐old woman with a palatal perforation produced by the chronic use of cocaine. In view of the doubts about abstinence from cocaine abuse, prosthetic management was chosen. The obturator comprised a metal framework for dental retention and to prevent displacement and a resin obturator to block the defect. In addition, acrylic resin facilitated adjustments due to the fact that it is easy to adapt to changes in the size of the palatal defect.