bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the anti‐inflammatory effect of serum eye drops using allogeneic serum permissive for regulatory T cell induction
Authors: Stenwall Per‐Anton , Bergström Marcus , Seiron Peter , Sellberg Felix , Olsson Tobias , Knutson Folke , Berglund David 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the cytokine composition and anti‐inflammatory effects of allogeneic serum preparations for improved use as serum eye drops.MethodsSerum of 15 healthy blood donors was extensively screened for cytokines, including IL‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐9, IL‐10, IL‐12p70, IL‐13, IL‐15, 1L‐17A, E and F, IL‐21, IL‐22, IL‐23, IL‐27, IL‐28A, IL‐31, IL‐33, granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF), chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20), tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and TNF‐β, interferon (IFN)‐γ and transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β. The levels of cytokines were assessed before and after heat‐induced inactivation. Individual serum preparations were tested for their anti‐inflammatory effect using an in vitro test to differentiate effector T lymphocytes into anti‐inflammatory regulatory T cells.ResultsThe anti‐inflammatory cytokine TGF‐β was readily detected in the serum of all blood donors and was only modestly affected by heat‐induced inactivation. Serum containing high amounts of TGF‐β was more effective at inducing anti‐inflammatory regulatory T cells. The serum of one healthy blood donor displayed high levels of inflammatory cytokines.ConclusionWe propose that serum used as eye drops is screened for its cytokine content, making it possible to correlate the composition to the clinical outcome. Based on the findings in this study, tailored serum eye drops produced from allogeneic donors may provide increased anti‐inflammatory effects. This may be superior to autologous serum eye drops, which in many cases are retrieved from patients with inflammatory diseases.
Breastfeeding and maternal health outcomes: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chowdhury Ranadip , Sinha Bireshwar , Sankar Mari Jeeva , Taneja Sunita , Bhandari Nita , Rollins Nigel , Bahl Rajiv , Martines Jose 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effect of breastfeeding on long‐term (breast carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, osteoporosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus) and short‐term (lactational amenorrhoea, postpartum depression, postpartum weight change) maternal health outcomes.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library and CABI databases. Outcome estimates of odds ratios or relative risks or standardised mean differences were pooled. In cases of heterogeneity, subgroup analysis and meta‐regression were explored.ResultsBreastfeeding >12 months was associated with reduced risk of breast and ovarian carcinoma by 26% and 37%, respectively. No conclusive evidence of an association between breastfeeding and bone mineral density was found. Breastfeeding was associated with 32% lower risk of type 2 diabetes. Exclusive breastfeeding and predominant breastfeeding were associated with longer duration of amenorrhoea. Shorter duration of breastfeeding was associated with higher risk of postpartum depression. Evidence suggesting an association of breastfeeding with postpartum weight change was lacking.ConclusionThis review supports the hypothesis that breastfeeding is protective against breast and ovarian carcinoma, and exclusive breastfeeding and predominant breastfeeding increase the duration of lactational amenorrhoea. There is evidence that breastfeeding reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes. However, an association between breastfeeding and bone mineral density or maternal depression or postpartum weight change was not evident.
A rapid growth rate in early childhood is a risk factor for becoming overweight in late adolescence
Authors: Thorén Annelie , Werner Bo , Lundholm Cecilia , Bråbäck Lennart , Silfverdal Sven‐Arne 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimWe evaluated whether body mass index (BMI) and rapid growth in early life were associated with an increased risk of becoming overweight at 16 and 18 years of age.MethodsThe study population comprised all children born in Sweden on the 15th of each month in 1981. Individuals born on the 5th, 10th and 20th of every month were added for counties with low population densities. Information on weight and height was collected from birth up to 18 years of age for 98.6% of the 3537 children identified.ResultsWeight at 12 months of age was associated with being overweight at both 16 and 18 years of age. Rapid weight gain from birth to 12 months was associated with higher odds for being overweight later in life, and the weight gain between 18 months and four years of age was the strongest risk factor for being overweight in late adolescence in both sexes. There was no association between a birthweight of <2500 g or >4500 g and being overweight at 16 or 18 years of age.ConclusionFast growth during early childhood was associated with an increased risk of being overweight later in life, emphasising the importance of early prevention.
Consequences of prenatal opioid use for newborns
Authors: Anand Kanwaljeet J. S. , Campbell‐Yeo Marsha 
Published: July 2015

AbstractOne‐third of childbearing women take prescription opioids, previously occurring only in 6–7% of pregnant women. Prenatal opioid exposures may cause birth defects, altered brain development and neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). NAS incidence increased fourfold and length of stay increased from 13 to 19 days over 10 years (2004–2013), leading to sevenfold increases in NICU days due to NAS. Initial data suggest that recent NAS increases have resulted from increased use of prescription opioids rather than illicit drugs.ConclusionPaediatricians will have to manage the consequences of prenatal opioid exposures, as the offspring often have complex medical and social issues associated with these families.
The influence of light on thermal responses
Authors: te Kulve M. , Schellen L. , Schlangen L. J. M. , van Marken Lichtenbelt W. D. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractLight is essential for vision and plays an important role in non‐visual responses, thus affecting alertness, mood and circadian rhythms. Furthermore, light influences physiological processes, such as thermoregulation, and therefore may be expected to play a role in thermal comfort (TC) as well. A systematic literature search was performed for human studies exploring the relation between ocular light exposure, thermophysiology and TC. Experimental results show that light in the evening can reduce melatonin secretion, delay the natural decline in core body temperature (CBT) and slow down the increase in distal skin temperature. In the morning though, bright light can result in a faster decline in melatonin levels, thus enabling a faster increase in CBT. Moreover, the colour of light can affect temperature perception of the environment. Light with colour tones towards the red end of the visual spectrum leads to a warmer perception compared to more bluish light tones. It should be noted, however, that many results of light on thermal responses are inconclusive, and a theoretical framework is largely lacking. In conclusion, light is capable of evoking thermophysiological responses and visual input can alter perception of the thermal environment. Therefore, lighting conditions should be taken into consideration during thermophysiological research and in the design of indoor climates.
Interleukin‐ 28B: a prognostic marker in interferon based therapy of chronic HCV patients of the Pakistan with variable treatment response
Authors: Resham Saleha , Manzoor Sobia , Imran Muhammad , Saalim Muhammad , Naseem Sidrah , Azam Sikandar 
Published: July 2015

Unfortunately Pakistan carries one of the world's highest burdens of chronic hepatitis along with mortality due to liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. Scientists after extensive research have come up with this outcome that host genetics play a vital role in dictating the type of treatment response produced by the patients. In 2009, a genome wide association study (GWAS) revealed that genetic variants in close proximity to the IL28B (IFNL3) gene predicted greater likelihood of achieving sustained virological response (SVR) following treatment with pegylated IFN‐alpha (peg INF‐α) and ribavirin. IL28B (rs12979860 and rs8099917) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been recently found among the Pakistani population associated with response to chronic HCV infection INF‐α + ribavirin therapy. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the IL‐28B protein levels in the HCV infected patients. The findings showed that the serum IL28B protein level was higher in HCV infected patients as compared to healthy controls (7.743 ± 1.519 pg/mL versus 1.600 ± 0.06054 [mean ± SEM], p < 0.05). When the chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients were further categorized into SVR and NR (non‐responders) on the basis of treatment outcomes, the mean IL28B protein level was higher in NRs (15.54 ± 3.609) than SVRs (4.259 ± 0.3405). Thus, there was a significant correlation between IL28B protein level in varied treatment response (p < 0.05). However, the findings can lead us to propose that IL28B could be used as a prognostic marker. It can help the clinicians to take better pre‐informed decisions whether to take combinational therapy of peg IFN ± ribavirin or not. This will in turn prove beneficial for the patient by saving patients’ health, treatment cost and undesirable treatment side effects.
Hepatitis E virus in patients with decompensated chronic liver disease: a prospective UK/French study
Authors: Blasco‐Perrin H. , Madden R. G. , Stanley A. , Crossan C. , Hunter J. G. , Vine L. , Lane K. , Devooght‐Johnson N. , Mclaughlin C. , Petrik J. , Stableforth B. , Hussaini H. , Phillips M. , Mansuy J. M. , Forrest E. , Izopet J. , Blatchford O. , Scobie L. , Peron J. M. , Dalton H. R. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryBackgroundIn developed countries, hepatitis E is a porcine zoonosis caused by hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 3. In developing countries, hepatitis E is mainly caused by genotype 1, and causes increased mortality in patients with pre‐existing chronic liver disease (CLD).AimTo determine the role of HEV in patients with decompensated CLD.MethodsProspective HEV testing of 343 patients with decompensated CLD at three UK centres and Toulouse France, with follow‐up for 6 months or death. IgG seroprevalence was compared with 911 controls.Results11/343 patients (3.2%) had acute hepatitis E infection, and three died. There were no differences in mortality (27% vs. 26%, OR 1.1, 95% CI 0.28–4.1), age (P = 0.9), bilirubin (P = 0.5), alanine aminotransferase (P = 0.06) albumin (P = 0.5) or international normalised ratio (P = 0.6) in patients with and without hepatitis E infection. Five cases were polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive (genotype 3). Hepatitis E was more common in Toulouse (7.9%) compared to the UK cohort (1.2%, P = 0.003). HEV IgG seroprevalence was higher in Toulouse (OR 17, 95% CI 9.2–30) and Truro (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.4–4.6) than in Glasgow, but lower in cases, compared to controls (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.41–0.86).ConclusionsHepatitis E occurs in a minority of patients with decompensated chronic liver disease. The mortality is no different to the mortality in patients without hepatitis E infection. The diagnosis can only be established by a combination of serology and PCR, the yield and utility of which vary by geographical location.
Physiological roles of the angiogenic factors during posthatching development period and adults in the quail lung
Authors: Sağsöz Hakan , Liman Narin , Alan Emel 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe bronchus and vasculature form an intrinsic functional component of the avian lung, and its growth must be tightly regulated and coordinated by lung epithelial and endothelial development. Vascular endothelial growth inhibitor (VEGI), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors (flk1/KDR, flt1/fms, flt4) are required for epithelial and endothelial cell survival and apoptosis. Especially, VEGF and its receptors are critical for the development of the lung and serve as a maintenance factor during adult life. To determine the function of VEGI, VEGF and its receptors in the posthatching lung development, we revealed its expression and localization using by immunohistochemical procedure. VEGI, VEGF and its receptors were observed in the structural components of the bronchi, atria and air capillaries, as well as in the pulmonary blood vessels throughout the posthatching development period. On the other hand, immunostaining for VEGI, VEGF and its receptors was faintly detected in the glands of the secondary bronchi. Furthermore, it was determined that the secondary bronchial and atrial muscles did not display VEGF immunoreactions. Our results showed that VEGF and its receptors (flt1/fms, flk1/KDR and flt4) and VEGI were expressed at varying intensity by different cell groups. Therefore, they are also required for the development of the lung component during posthatching period.
Episodic foresight and schizophrenia
Authors: Lyons Amanda D. , Henry Julie D. , Rendell Peter G. , Robinson Gail , Suddendorf Thomas 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivePeople with schizophrenia have difficulty engaging in specific future‐directed thoughts and behaviours, such as generating phenomenological characteristics of future events (a component of episodic foresight), and executing directed preparatory behaviours (a component of prospective memory). However, it remains unclear whether they also exhibit difficulties using episodic foresight to appropriately guide future‐directed behaviours.MethodPeople with schizophrenia and non‐clinical controls were administered a behavioural measure that met strict criteria for assessing episodic foresight. In keeping with our focus on the functional application of foresight, this measure required participants to identify a problem, self‐generate a resolution, and execute the appropriate future‐directed intention.ResultsRelative to controls, people with schizophrenia were less likely to spontaneously acquire items that would later allow a problem to be solved, and were also less likely to subsequently use these items to solve the problems. There was no interaction between group and task, indicating that these two components of foresight were disrupted to an equivalent degree. In the clinical (but not the control) group, item acquisition and item use were correlated with general cognitive capacity. No significant associations with clinical variables emerged.ConclusionThe capacity to apply episodic foresight in a functionally adaptive way is disrupted in schizophrenia and may at least partially reflect broader cognitive dysfunction. Future work is now needed to clarify the implications of these difficulties in everyday life, as well as how these difficulties might be remediated.Practitioner points

People with schizophrenia have known difficulties with episodic foresight, and it now appears that those difficulties extend to the performance of foresightful preparatory behaviours.

Because preparatory behaviours are central to routine and adaptive planning, difficulties with episodic foresight may contribute to or be a result of some of the functional difficulties experienced by people with schizophrenia.

Further research is needed to determine whether interventions might be developed for people with reduced episodic foresight.

Interventions may include the use of remedial tools that support and encourage the performance of foresightful behaviour, or cognitive training programs that actively improve the ability and propensity to exercise foresight independently.
Accurate, inaccurate, or biased teacher expectations: Do Dutch teachers differ in their expectations at the end of primary education?
Authors: Timmermans Anneke C. , Kuyper Hans , van der Werf Greetje 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundIn several tracked educational systems, realizing optimal placements in classes in the first year of secondary education depends on the accuracy of teacher expectations.AimsThe aim of this study was to investigate between‐teacher differences in their expectations regarding the academic aptitude of their students.SampleThe sample consisted of 500 teachers (classes) who provided their expectations of 7,550 students in the final grade of Dutch primary education.MethodsWe analysed the extent to which teachers differed in their expectations and in what contexts their expectations were biased, using multilevel random slope models.ResultsMultilevel analysis showed teacher expectation bias to be related to gender and socio‐ethnic background of students. The differences among teachers in expectations for Turkish, Moroccan, and other foreign students with low‐educated parents were larger than the average teacher expectation bias for these groups in the sample. When student characteristics were controlled for, we found that the teachers in our sample had higher expectations for students in high‐performing classes or classes with only a small proportion of students from low‐SES families. Teacher expectation bias for demographic groups, however, was found to be independent of the class population.ConclusionsThe results indicate the importance of the teacher and the necessity of using multilevel models when investigating the complex nature of between‐teacher differences in expectations of student performance.
Botulinum toxin (OnabotulinumtoxinA) in the male non‐neurogenic overactive bladder: clinical and quality of life outcomes
Authors: Habashy David , Losco Giovanni , Tse Vincent , Collins Ruth , Chan Lewis 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of OnabotulinumtoxinA (BTXA) injections in men with drug‐refractory non‐neurogenic overactive bladder (NNOAB).Patients and MethodsA total of 43 men received BTXA injections for NNOAB from 2004 to 2012. Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI‐I) score was obtained. For men with wet NNOAB, change in number of pads per day was also assessed.ResultsForty‐three men with a mean age of 69 (range 37–85) received at least one injection. Of the 43 men, 20 (47%) had prior prostate surgery: 11 had radical prostatectomy (RP) and nine had transurethral resection of prostate (TURP). Overall, average PGI‐I score was 2.7. Comparing PGI‐I score in men who had prior prostate surgery with men who have not: 2.6 ± 0.5 vs 2.8 ± 0.5 respectively (average ± 95% CI), P = 0.6. Comparing PGI‐I score in men who had previous TURP with men who had previous RP: PGI‐I score: 3.3 ± 0.8 vs 2.0 ± 0.5 respectively, P < 0.05. Men who had RP experienced a reduction in pad use (from 3.5 ± 1.7 to 1.6 ± 0.9 pads/day, P < 0.05) while this was not the case amongst men who had TURP (from 1.7 ± 1.5 to 1.4 ± 1.5 pads/day, P = 0.4).ConclusionOverall, BTXA injection in men with drug‐refractory NNOAB does provide a symptomatic benefit. Amongst men who have had prior prostate surgery, men who have had RP experience a greater benefit than men who have had TURP, both in regards to PGI‐I score and pad use.
Fen ecosystem responses to water‐level fluctuations during the early and middle Holocene in central Europe: a case study from Wilczków, Poland
Authors: Płóciennik Mateusz , Kruk Andrzej , Forysiak Jacek , Pawłowski Dominik , Mianowicz Kamila , Elias Scott , Borówka Ryszard K. , Kloss Marek , Obremska Milena , Coope Russell , Krąpiec Marek , Kittel Piotr , Żurek Sławomir 
Published: July 2015

This paper presents a palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the Wilczków fen (central Poland). The fen developed in an inactive valley at the onset of the Holocene (~11 ka BP) and peat accumulation lasted until 5.7 ka BP. Multi‐proxy reconstructions were made on the basis of palaeobotanical, cladoceran, chironomid, beetle and geochemical analyses. A Kohonen self‐organizing map (SOM, unsupervised artificial neural network) of the biotic sequence distinguished four stages of fen history. Stage X1 (11.0–10.7 ka BP) was relatively wet and cool. Organic matter started to accumulate but the habitat conditions remained unstable. Moss, sedge and fern communities then developed. Sedimentary changes reveal an intensive groundwater supply at that time. Numerous and diverse chironomid and cladoceran subfossils indicate nearly permanent aquatic conditions. During stage Y1 (10.6–9.2 ka BP) conditions were dry and the upper peat layer desiccated. Cladocera nearly disappeared whereas chironomids were represented by semi‐terrestrial and predatory (Tanypodinae) species. Conditions started to be more reducing. All the remaining samples belonged to the interweaving stages X2 and Y2. Stage Y2 (mostly 9.1–7.3 and 6.0–5.7 ka BP) was also dry but humidity increased towards the top. Oxidizing conditions occurred and the pH became more alkaline, favouring Cladium mariscus. The basin received mostly allochthonous matter input at that time. Stage X2 (mostly 6.8–6.1 ka BP) was humid and warm. The groundwater supply remained low but there was an increase in precipitation, changing local conditions to ombrotrophic. Species‐rich chironomid and cladoceran communities were associated with temporary pools. Finally, conditions returned to those characteristic of stage Y2. The presented reconstruction documents long‐term abiotic and biotic changes determined by water supply, including groundwater outflow, which have rarely been detected at a multi‐proxy scale. We show that inactivated valley fens are sensitive to climate‐driven hydrological fluctuations. Kohonen neural networks appear to be a promising method for analysing variability in multi‐proxy data.
The D1CT‐7 mouse model of Tourette syndrome displays sensorimotor gating deficits in response to spatial confinement
Authors: Godar Sean C , Mosher Laura J , Strathman Hunter J , Gochi Andrea M , Jones Cori M , Fowler Stephen C , Bortolato Marco 
Published: July 2015

Background and PurposeThe D1CT‐7 mouse is one of the best known animal models of Tourette syndrome (TS), featuring spontaneous tic‐like behaviours sensitive to standard TS therapies; these characteristics ensure a high face and predictive validity of this model, yet its construct validity remains elusive. To address this issue, we studied the responses of D1CT‐7 mice to two critical components of TS pathophysiology: the exacerbation of tic‐like behaviours in response to stress and the presence of sensorimotor gating deficits, which are thought to reflect the perceptual alterations causing the tics.Experimental ApproachD1CT‐7 and wild‐type (WT) littermates were subjected to a 20 min session of spatial confinement (SC) within an inescapable, 10 cm wide cylindrical enclosure. Changes in plasma corticosterone levels, tic‐like behaviours and other spontaneous responses were measured. SC‐exposed mice were also tested for the prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle response (a sensorimotor gating index) and other TS‐related behaviours, including open‐field locomotion, novel object exploration and social interaction and compared with non‐confined counterparts.Key ResultsSC produced a marked increase in corticosterone concentrations in both D1CT‐7 and WT mice. In D1CT‐7, but not WT mice, SC exacerbated tic‐like and digging behaviours, and triggered PPI deficits and aggressive responses. Conversely, SC did not modify locomotor activity or novel object exploration in D1CT‐7 mice. Both tic‐like behaviours and PPI impairments in SC‐exposed D1CT‐7 mice were inhibited by standard TS therapies and D1 dopamine receptor antagonism.Conclusions and ImplicationsThese findings collectively support the translational and construct validity of D1CT‐7 mice with respect to TS.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Updating Neuropathology and Neuropharmacology of Monoaminergic Systems. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v173.13/issuetoc