bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monolithic, Crystalline MOF Coating: An Excellent Patterning and Photoresist Material
Authors: Wang Zhengbang , Liu Jinxuan , Grosjean Sylvain , Wagner Danny , Guo Wei , Gu Zhigang , Heinke Lars , Gliemann Hartmut , Bräse Stefan , Wöll Christof 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks, MOFs, are a class of crystalline porous metal–organic hybrid materials which have originally been developed for applications in gas storage and separation. Here, we demonstrate that due to the enormous chemical flexibility of these molecular materials, they also provide an excellent basis for the development of photoresist materials. In particular, we used an epitaxial process with automated systems to grow either homogeneous or patterned SURMOFs (surface‐anchored MOFs) of the type [Zn2(N3BPDC)2(Dabco)] on different solid substrates. The huge flexibility of the MOF chemistry allowed for different variants of photolithography based on the post‐synthesis modification (PSM) of the MOF materials. Here, two particular and popular PSM‐strategies were employed, the azide–alkyne click reaction and thiol–yne click chemistry. The azide–alkyne click reaction was initiated by the photoreduction of CuII to the active CuI catalyst, whereas the thiol–yne click chemistry was induced directly by UV light. Furthermore, heteroepitaxial growth of multilayer systems (Cu‐N3BPDC+Cu‐BPDC+Cu‐N3BPDC+Cu‐BPDC+Cu‐N3BPDC+Cu‐BPDC) was also used to control the localization of subsequent PSM. The results demonstrated that the patterned functionalization of MOF thin film is not limited to the two dimensions of the mounting surface but is indeed possible in 3D.
Model‐based corrections of geometric errors in multiangle measurements of gonio‐apparent coatings
Authors: Imura Kenji , Teraoka Yoshitaka 
Published: May 2015

AbstractNumerical corrections of colorimetric errors caused by positioning error and irregular geometry in multiangle measurements of gonio‐apparent coatings are presented. These corrections use a model function approximating the gonio‐reflection characteristics of the coating to convert the angular displacement due to those geometric errors to reflectance factor errors to be corrected as well as to estimate the angular displacement conversely from the reflectance factors. The performance of these corrections was evaluated for 11 different gonio‐apparent coatings using a multiangle geometry conforming to ASTM E2539 consisting of eight subgeometries to which artificial displacements were applied so as to present typical positioning errors or irregular geometries. The results show that both corrections significantly reduce the colorimetric errors for all specimens in all subgeometries sensitive to geometric errors. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2015
A neurophysiologically‐based analysis of lightness and brightness perception
Authors: Seim Thorstein , Valberg Arne 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPsychophysical, achromatic luminance threshold, and scaling data have been analyzed and found to follow from nonlinear, hyperbolic responses of retinal cones. For short (0.1 s) stimulus duration, a stable state of visual adaptation could explain the threshold response, but for longer durations a change of adaptation had to be considered. This resulted in a contrast sensitivity that increased when the stimulus duration increased and became constant for higher test field luminances. Threshold and scaling data can thus be traced back to cone‐specific responses over a much larger range of stimulus intensity than has been anticipated earlier. The experimental results, including those for lightness and brightness scaling, have been compared with the CIELAB and the CIEDE2000 color formulas. The idea of combining cone responses with adaptive changes to describe luminance responses resulted in a common cone‐based response formula for describing both luminance thresholds and scaling data. Adaptive changes explain the reason why both Weber–Fechner and Stevens’ laws are valid. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 41, 339–351, 2016
On‐Surface Reactions
Authors: Lindner Robert , Kühnle Angelika 
Published: May 2015

AbstractOn‐surface synthesis constitutes a rapidly growing field of research due to its promising application for creating stable molecular structures on surfaces. While self‐assembled structures rely on reversible interactions, on‐surface synthesis provides the potential for creating long‐term stable structures with well‐controlled properties, for example superior electron transport for future molecular electronic devices. On‐surface synthesis holds the promise for preparing insoluble compounds that cannot be produced in solution. Another highly exciting aspect of on‐surface synthesis is the chance to discover new reaction pathways due to the two‐dimensional confinement of the reaction educts. In this review, we discuss the current state‐of‐the‐art and classify the reactions that have been successfully performed so far. Special emphasis is put on electrically insulating surfaces, as these substrates pose particular challenges for on‐surface synthesis while at the same time bearing high potential for future use, for example, in molecular electronics.
Mechanically Induced Multicolor Change of Luminescent Materials
Authors: Ma Zhiyong , Wang Zhijian , Teng Mingjun , Xu Zejun , Jia Xinru 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMechanofluorochromic or piezochromic fluorescence chemistry involves the switching and tuning of the luminescent properties of solid‐state materials induced by exogenous forces, such as grinding, shearing, compression, tension, and so forth. Up until now, most reported mechanochromic systems, including liquid crystals, organic molecules, organometallic compounds, polymers, and dye‐doped polymers, have displayed reversible two‐color changes, which arise from either supramolecular or chemical structure transformations. However, fluorescent materials that undergo mechanically induced multicolor changes remain rare; this Minireview is focused on such materials. Topics are categorized according to the different applied forces that are required to induce the multicolor change, including mechanical control of either the supramolecular structures or the chemical structures, and mechanical control of both the supramolecular structures and chemical structures.
A U⋅U Pair‐to‐U⋅C Pair Mutation‐Induced RNA Native Structure Destabilisation and Stretching‐Force‐Induced RNA Misfolding
Authors: Zhong Zhensheng , Soh Lai Huat , Lim Ming Hui , Chen Gang 
Published: May 2015

AbstractLittle is known about how a non‐Watson–Crick pair affects the RNA folding dynamics. We studied the effects of a U⋅U‐to‐U⋅C pair mutation on the folding of a hairpin in human telomerase RNA. The ensemble thermal melting of the hairpins shows an on‐pathway intermediate with the disruption of the internal loop structure containing the U⋅U/U⋅C pairs. By using optical tweezers, we applied a stretching force on the terminal ends of the hairpins to probe directly the non‐nearest‐neighbour effects upon the mutations. The single U⋅U to U⋅C mutations are observed to 1) lower the mechanical unfolding force by approximately 1 picoNewton (pN) per mutation without affecting the unfolding reaction transition‐state position (thus suggesting that removing a single hydrogen bond affects the structural dynamics at least two base pairs away), 2) result in more frequent misfolding into a small hairpin at approximately 10 pN and 3) shift the folding reaction transition‐state position towards the native hairpin structure and slightly increase the mechanical folding kinetics (thus suggesting that untrapping from the misfolded state is not the rate‐limiting step).
Using the Repertory Grid Technique to Examine Trainee Clinical Psychologists' Construal of Their Personal and Professional Development
Authors: Hill Katy , Wittkowski Anja , Hodgkinson Emma , Bell Richard , Hare Dougal J. 
Published: May 2015

The repertory grid technique was used to explore how 26 third‐year trainee clinical psychologists construed their personal and professional selves over the course of training and into the future. Each trainee completed a demographic questionnaire and a repertory grid with 10 elements: four ‘personal self’ elements, four ‘professional self’ elements and two ‘qualified clinical psychologist’ elements. They then rated the 10 elements on 10 bipolar constructs of their choosing. Trainees' personal and professional selves were construed to be similar to each other. Trainees had low self‐esteem and reported currently feeling anxious, stressed, unsettled and lacking an appropriate work–life balance. These difficulties were attributed to the demands of training and were expected to resolve once training was completed with future selves being construed as similar to ideal selves. Suggestions for future research with improved methodology are made, and the implications of the findings for trainees, training providers and employers of newly qualified clinical psychologists are given. The overall implication being that stress in training is normative and the profession has a duty to normalize this and ensure that self‐care and personal development are recognized as core competencies of the clinical psychologist for the benefit of its members and their clients. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

Clinical psychology trainees experience training as demanding and stressful, which negatively impacts on their personal and professional self‐image and self‐esteem.
However, they are optimistic that they will become more like their ideal self in the future.
Stress in clinical training (and beyond) is normative, and thus, personal development and self‐care should be recognized as clinical psychologist's core competencies.
Structural Characteristics and Equation of State of the Complex Plasmas
Authors: Gabdullin M. T. , Ramazanov T. S. , Muratov M. M. , Ismagambetova T. N. , Akhtanova G. B. , Goree J. A. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn this paper weakly and strongly non‐ideal plasmas are considered. In both cases the equations of state for hydrogen and dusty plasmas were studied on the basis of effective potentials. In the first case the thermodynamic properties for hydrogen plasmas were studied by the method of effective potentials taking into account quantummechanical diffraction, symmetry and screening effects. For strongly non‐ideal plasma or dusty plasma the equations of state were considered using radial distribution functions and effective interaction potential, which describes interactions of charged dust grains with dipole moments. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dense Plasma Dynamic Structure Factor Simulation Data vs. the Method of Moments
Authors: Arkhipov Yu.V. , Ashikbayeva A.B. , Askaruly A. , Davletov A.E. , Syzganbaeva S. , Davletov A.E. , Tkachenko I. M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe dynamic structure factor of dense two‐component plasmas is studied within the method of moments. A new model for the Nevanlinna parameter function is suggested. Our results on the dynamic structure factor satisfy the sum rules and other exact relations automatically, independently of the choice of a mathematically consistent model of the latter. A quantitative agreement is obtained with the molecular dynamics simulation data. Our approach permits to correct and complement the results of alternative approaches. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A novel colorimetric assay coupled with clustering algorithms and genetic algorithm partial least squares can simultaneously determine cholesterol and monounsaturated/polyunsaturated fatty acids in biological samples
Authors: Dumancas Gerard G. , Muriuki Mary , Purdie Neil , Purdie Robin 
Published: May 2015

Current methodologies of quantifying cholesterol and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)/polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) constitute techniques such as GC‐MS and HPLC, which use expensive standards, are time consuming and require skilled labor. We sought to develop a simple, direct alternative method for the simultaneous determination of cholesterol and MUFA/PUFAs (linoleic (LA), alpha‐linolenic (ALA), arachidonic (AA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA), docosahexaenoic (DHA), conjugated linoleic (CLA), and oleic (OA) acids) using a novel colorimetric test, the “Purdie Assay.” The data were analyzed using a coded chemometric software which involves clustering algorithms, and genetic algorithm partial least squares (GAPLS). The colorimetric test with GAPLS simultaneously quantified these lipids without any separation of the analytes in human serum and vegetable oils and foods. We performed pattern recognition of biological and food samples using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering (HC). The assay successfully discriminated 11 clusters corresponding to different food and biological samples and also discriminated synthetic vegetable oil samples using PCA and HC corresponding to levels of prepared lipids. This study shows the wide range of possible applications of the assay as a novel, fast, and efficient tool for lipid quantification and classification.Practical applications: The novel assay coupled with GAPLS, PCA, and HC can provide an efficient tool for the direct determination and discrimination of unsaturated lipids in biological samples.A flowchart of the novel method for the simultaneous determination of lipids using a novel colorimetric assay, GAPLS, PCA, and HC.
Antioxidant activity and anti‐inflammatory effect of fruit extracts from blackcurrant, chokeberry, hawthorn, and rosehip, and their mixture with linseed oil on a model lipid membrane
Authors: Strugała Paulina , Gładkowski Witold , Kucharska Alicja Z. , Sokół‐Łętowska Anna , Gabrielska Janina 
Published: May 2015

The study of ethanol extracts as potential dietary supplements has shown that extracts of chokeberry (IC50 24.6 μg/mL) and, to a lesser extent, blackcurrant, rosehip, and hawthorn (IC50 30.9, 33.5, and 45.9 μg/mL) are good antioxidants in relation to UVB‐oxidized phosphatidylcholine liposomes. All tested fruit extracts protect the bilayer against oxidation by reducing fluidity of the membrane hydrophilic/hydrophobic region (in the presence of extracts the generalized polarization of the Laurdan probe and fluorescence anisotropy of DPH and TMA‐DPH increased). The major phenolic compounds were analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS). The extracts caused inhibition of the pro‐inflammatory enzymes cyclooxygenase‐1 and cyclooxygenase‐2, the highest for blackcurrant (77.6 and 70.5%, respectively) and rosehip (64.9 and 72.5%). Another aspect of the research demonstrated antioxidant and antiradical stability of the extracts during 12‐month storage. With the exception of hawthorn, they stabilized the profile of unsaturated fatty acids of linseed oil during storage. The investigated fruit extracts in combination with polyunsaturated fatty acids may provide stable and effective dietary anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant benefits.Practical applications: By combining two different groups of bioactive compounds (fruit extracts + omega‐3 fatty acids), a new attractive product has been obtained of broad biological activity, which could potentially be useful as a functional food ingredient. The study enabled us to specify the regions where fruit extracts become imbedded in the membrane, based on changes in physical parameters induced in the regions, and will allow us to explain at the molecular level a possible way to protect lipid membranes against attack by free radicals.Ethanol extracts of blackcurrant, chokeberry, hawthorn, and rosehip were combined with linseed oil and stored for 12 months in gel capsules. The study aim was to investigate in vitro biological activity of polyphenolic extracts from the fruits, their influence on a simple model lipid bilayer membrane, and the profile of unsaturated fatty acids of linseed oil.
Multi‐angle, multi‐damage fragility curves for seismic assessment of bridges
Authors: Taskari Olympia , Sextos Anastasios 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThe scope of this study is to investigate the effect of the direction of seismic excitation on the fragility of an already constructed, 99‐m‐long, three‐span highway overpass. First, the investigation is performed at a component level, quantifying the sensitivity of local damage modes of individual bridge components (namely, piers, bearings, abutments, and footings) to the direction of earthquake excitation. The global vulnerability at the system level is then assessed for a given angle of incidence of the earthquake ground motion to provide a single‐angle, multi‐damage probabilistic estimate of the bridge overall performance. A multi‐angle, multi‐damage, vulnerability assessment methodology is then followed, assuming uniform distribution for the angle of incidence of seismic waves with respect to the bridge axis. The above three levels of investigation highlight that the directivity of ground motion excitation may have a significant impact on the fragility of the individual bridge components, which shall not be a priori neglected. Most importantly, depending on the assumptions made for the component to the system level transition, this local sensitivity is often suppressed. It may be therefore necessary, based on the ultimate purpose of the vulnerability or the life cycle analysis, to obtain a comprehensive insight on the multiple damage potential of all individual structural and foundation components under multi‐angle excitation, to quantify the statistical correlation among the distinct damage modes and to identify the components that are both most critical and sensitive to the direction of ground motion and carefully define their limit states which control the predicted bridge fragility. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alkalization is responsible for antibacterial effects of corroding magnesium
Authors: Rahim Muhammad Imran , Eifler Rainer , Rais Bushra , Mueller Peter P. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMagnesium alloys are presently investigated as potential medical implant materials for temporary applications. Magnesium has been reported to have antibacterial activities and could therefore be used to prevent antibiotic treatment‐resistant bacterial implant infections. For characterizing the effects of magnesium on infectious bacteria, bioluminescent S. aureus or P. aeruginosa were employed. The proliferation of both types of bacteria was suppressed in the presence of metallic magnesium and also in aqueous magnesium corrosion extracts. Of the two soluble corrosion products, magnesium ions were well tolerated while antibacterial activities correlated with increased pH levels of the supernatants. The alkaline pH alone was sufficient for the antibacterial effects which were completely abolished when the pH of the corrosion supernatants was neutralized. These results demonstrate that pH increases are necessary and sufficient for the antibacterial activity of metallic magnesium. In an animal model magnesium implants showed an enhanced but variable resistance to bacterial colonization. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 3526–3532, 2015.
Sclerostin Antibody Preserves the Morphology and Structure of Osteocytes and Blocks the Severe Skeletal Deterioration After Motor-Complete Spinal Cord Injury in Rats
Authors: Qin Weiping , Li Xiaodong , Peng Yuanzhen , Harlow Lauren M , Ren Yinshi , Wu Yingjie , Li Jiliang , Qin Yiwen , Sun Jie , Zheng Shijia , Brown Tom , Feng Jian Q , Ke Hua Zhu , Bauman William A , Cardozo Christopher C 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

Unloading, neural lesions, and hormonal disorders after acute motor-complete spinal cord injury (SCI) cause one of the most severe forms of bone loss, a condition that has been refractory to available interventions tested to date. Thus, these features related to acute SCI provide a unique opportunity to study complex bone problems, potential efficacious interventions, and mechanisms of action that are associated with these dramatic pathological changes. This study was designed to explore the therapeutic potential of sclerostin antibody (Scl-Ab) in a rat model of bone loss after motor-complete SCI, and to investigate mechanisms underlying bone loss and Scl-Ab action. SCI rats were administered Scl-Ab (25 mg/kg/week) or vehicle beginning 7 days after injury then weekly for 7 weeks. SCI resulted in significant decreases in bone mineral density (–25%) and trabecular bone volume (–67%) at the distal femur; Scl-Ab completely prevented these deteriorations of bone in SCI rats, concurrent with markedly increased bone formation. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that SCI reduced numbers of osteocytes and dendrites concomitant with a morphology change from a spindle to round shape; Scl-Ab corrected these abnormalities in osteocytes. In ex vivo cultures of bone marrow cells, Scl-Ab inhibited osteoclastogenesis, and promoted osteoblastogenesis accompanied by increases in mRNA levels of LRP5, osteoprotegerin (OPG), and the OPG/RANKL ratio, and a decrease in DKK1 mRNA. Our findings provide the first evidence that robust bone loss after acute motor-complete SCI can be blocked by Scl-Ab, at least in part, through the preservation of osteocyte morphology and structure and related bone remodeling. Our findings support the inhibition of sclerostin as a promising approach to mitigate the striking bone loss that ensues after acute motor-complete SCI, and perhaps other conditions associated with disuse osteoporosis as a consequence of neurological disorders. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
The Effect of Cigarette Smoke on the Translocator Protein (TSPO) in Cultured Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Nagler Rafael , Cohen Shiri , Gavish Moshe 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTLung cancer is prevalent in cigarette smokers. The mitochondrial membrane translocator protein (TSPO), is thought to protect cells from free radical damage. We examined the effect of cigarette smoke (CS) (containing free radicals) alone and in the presence of saliva (containing redox active free iron), on survival of H1299 lung cancer cells and on their mitochondrial characteristics, and whether TSPO binding was influenced by CS and by saliva. We exposed H1299 cells to CS in the presence/absence of saliva and also characterized TSPO binding in the cells using [3H]PK 11195 as a radioligand. CS induced a significant drop in mitochondrial potential (ΔΨm), while addition of saliva did not lead to further loss of ΔΨm (42.5% vs. 39.85%). Scatchard analysis of the saturation curve of [3H]PK 11195 binding (0.2–6 nM final concentration) yielded a straight‐line plot (R =  0.9). Average Bmax value was 3274 ± 787 fmol/mg of protein, and average Kd value was 9.2 ± 1.3 nM. Benzodiazepine diazepam partially prevented decrease in cell survival following exposure to CS and redox active iron containing media (saliva) while benzodiazepine clonazepam did not, indicating that this effect is TSPO‐specific. Exposure of cells to CS resulted in alternation of biomolecules expressed by CLs peroxidation, reduction of TSPO binding, and depletion of the mitochondrial potential. This irreversible damage was enhanced in the presence of saliva. All these modulations may result in cellular death increase following CS exposure, enhanced in the presence of saliva. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 2786–2792, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.