bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
383 – Detection of the Commonly used Antipsychotic Drugs from Human Hair and Urine in a Sample of Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Dessoki H. , Raafat O. , Ghaleb S. 
Published: July 2013

Objective:Hair drug testing measures the drug molecules embedded inside the hair shaft, eliminating external contamination as a source of a positive result.Method:Four drug groups with 20 schizophrenic patients for each drug (Haloperidol, Trifluoperazine, Clozapine and Risperidon). The 1st visit included clinical assessment (semi-structured interview and diagnosis, and Positive and Negative Schizophrenia Symptom Scale PANSS) and urine & hair samples were taken after the first week of drug administration. The 2nd visit was done and samples were taken after 4th week of drug administration. The 3rd visit was done and samples were taken after 8th week of drug administration.Results:The four antipsychotics in this study can be detected earlier in urine than hair (starting from 1st week in the former and 4th week in the later) HPLC test. There were significant differences in the mean scores of PANNS for the four drugs in 1st, 4th, and 8th weeks.Conclusion:The advantages of hair analysis over urine analysis include the non-invasiveness, low cost, easier to collect, store, transport, the ability to measure a large number of potentially interacting toxic and biologically essential elements.
385 – When Professionals are Exposed to Client Violence: Is there a Relationship between Trust and Ptsd?
Authors: Enosh G. , Tzafrir S. , Ben Ari A. , Adini R. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:Violence against professionals has been long documented as a source of stress and post traumatic stress. Interestingly, whereas the effects of violence directed at medical staff have been studied extensively, the frequency of exposure and effects on other practitioners of the helping professions has been scarcely studied.Objectives:To present the scope of the problem, frequency, and the moderating role of trust on the levels of PTSD experienced by the exposed practitioners.Methods:A sample of 645 practitioners in social services in Israel. The instrument included the Client Violence Questionnaire, PTSD and related somatic symptoms.Results:80% of the practitioners were victimized in at least one form of violence over the last 3 months including verbal abuse, threats, vandalism, and/or physical violence. Positive association was found between each type of abuse and PTSD reactions. Interestingly, trust among team members has shaped the relationships between exposure to violence and PTSD reactions (moderating variable). Higher levels of trust were associated with lesser exposure on the one hand, yet higher levels of trust were also associated with higher correlation between exposure and PTSD.Conclusions:Trust in team seems to serve a dual function. On the one hand, it serves as a buffer, reducing the odds for exposure to violence. On the other hand it increases the negative effects of exposure - when such occurs. In other words, trust in team may be associated with higher trust in clients, a factor that reduces the anticipation of violence, and thus increases its negative effect.
391 – Behavioral Problems in Children with Epilepsy, and Parenting Stress and Parenting Styles of their Mothers
Authors: Soltanifar A. , Moharreri F. , Soltanifar A. , Mokhber N. , Ebrahimi A. , Akbarzadeh F. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:There are complicated relations between child's psychiatric problems secondary to epilepsy, maternal stress and parenting style.Objectives:The aim of the present research is to study psychological and behavioral characteristics in children with epilepsy, study maternal stress associated with parenting these children, and parenting styles of these mothers.Method:Children aged 3 to 7 years old with an established diagnosis of epilepsy for at least 1 year without other neurological disorders or mental retardation and their mothers were selected from child neurology clinics in Mashhad, Iran. Eligible participants were 30 epileptic children. Control group of 30 healthy children from Mashhad kindergartens were matched with epileptic children in terms of age and sex. Strengths & Difficulties Questionnaires (SDQ), Parenting Stress Index (PSI), Parenting Style Questionnaire (PSQ) and a demographic questionnaire were used for data collection.Results:Mothers of children with epilepsy had higher levels of parenting stress (in both parent and child domains) compared to the other group (P < 0.001). Parents with epileptic children scored higher on permissive and authoritarian parenting scales. However, the score was lower for authoritative parenting style in comparison with the scores of the control group. In general, these differences did not reach a significant level (P>0.05). Children with epilepsy had significantly higher scores than normal children in terms of emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity and hence, the total difficulty score (P< 0.05).Conclusion:Educational and psychological programs aimed at enhancing adjustment of parents with their children's epilepsy are greatly needed.
394 – Implication of Genetic Polymorphisms and Changes in Expression Levels of Proteins Regulating Neuronal Plasticity and Apoptosis in Schizophrenia Disorder
Authors: Boyajyan A. , Chavushyan A. , Zakharyan R. , Mkrtchyan G. , Atshemyan S. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:Pathologic changes in neuronal plasticity and apoptosis are important factors influencing alterations in synaptic transmission and impaired cognitive function, characteristic features of schizophrenia. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), complexin-2, and annexin A-5 are known as members of regulatory pathways responsible for maintenance of neuronal plasticity and apoptosis.Objectives:The study was focused on assessment of possible association of functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and expression levels of BDNF, complexin-2, and annexin A-5 with schizophrenia.Aims:For this purpose we investigated functional polymorphisms and plasma levels of these proteins in schizophreniaaffected neuroleptic-treated and neuroleptic-free patients and healthy controls.Methods:DNA samples were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers. Plasma levels of BDNF, complexin-2, and annexin A-5 were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The significance of differences between allele and phenotype frequencies in study groups was determined using Pearson's χ2 test. For evaluation of intergroup differences in the levels of BDNF, complexin-2, and annexin A-5, both parametric and non-parametric statistics were used. The assessment of correlation between the measured parameters within each group was also performed. P-values less than 0.05 were considered significant.Results:In patients with schizophrenia, as compared to controls, the carriers of mutant alleles of the functional polymorphisms of BDNF, complexin-2, and annexin A-5 genes were overrepresented, and the blood levels of these proteins were altered.Conclusions:Functional polymorphisms of genes encoding BDNF, complexin-2, and annexin A-5 proteins are associated with schizophrenia resulting in altered expression levels of these proteins upon this disorder.
403 – Relationship between Resilience and Social Support, Coping Style of Children in Middle School
Authors: Weidong J. , Guangyao L. , Hua T. , Ruohong C. , Qian Y. 
Published: July 2013

Objective:To explore the relationship between resilience and social support, coping style of children in two middle schools for providing an evidence for improving childrens’resilience.Methods:Six hundred childrens were surveyed with the Connor-Davidson resilience questionnaire(CD-RISC), perceived social support scale(PSSS)and coping style questionnaire (CSQ).Results:Resilience had significant difference between male and female children.The resilience was positively correlated with social support and two factors of coping style: seeking help and solving problem, but negatively correlated with the other factors in coping style questionnaire.Conclusion:Children with high score in Connor-Davidson resilience questionnaire are more tend to the positive coping style.Social support is an important factor of resilience in children.
450 – The Epidemiology of Transsexualism in Iran
Authors: Ahmadzad-Asl M. , Jalali A.H. , Alavi K. , Naserbakht M. , Taban M. , Mohseninia-Omrani K. , Eftekhar M. 
Published: July 2013

Aims:Researchers on Gender Identity Disorder from different countries have reported an increase in the prevalence of GID during the last few decades, as well as changes in the sex ratio of male to female (MTF) and female to male (FTM) GIDs. The aim of this article is to estimate the prevalence and sex ratio of GID in Iran during 2002 to 2009.Methods:All psychiatric records of subjects referred to the Tehran Psychiatric Institute from April 2002 to March 2009 with a diagnosis of GID by two independent reviewers, were assessed. Prevalence of GID was calculated based on the ratio of the total number of identified subjects to the total population aged between 15 and 44 years old.Results:281 GID subjects with mean age 24.74 at first visit, were studied. The prevalence of MTF and FTM GID was calculated as 1:145,000 and 1:136,000, respectively, and the sex ratio of MTF to FTM GID was 0.96:1. The majority of subjects (229 cases, 81.5%) reported first obvious signs of GID in their childhood and 27 (9.6%) at 14–18 years old. FTM GID subjects showed less obvious childhood signs of GID than MTF GID.Conclusion:The sex ratio of GID near 1:1 in Iran may indicate that fewer MTF GID subjects seek help in Iran than other countries. We assume that the exact prevalence would be much higher and active prevalence in future reports would be much higher.
451 – Study of Relationship between Domestic Violence and Health Services Utilization in Married Women in Tehran, 2011–12
Authors: Ahmadzad-Asl M. , Davoudi F. , Mohammad-Sadeghi H. , Khademolreza N. , Zarei N. , Naserbakht M. , Nojomi M. , Rafiefar S. , Rasoulian M. 
Published: July 2013

Background review:Domestic violence against women (DV) in one of health problems that have 9–15% of burden of diseases in middle aged women and would lead to another health problems such as psychiatric disorders and could increase health services utilization and costs.Aim:To estimate prevalence of DV in married women in Tehran and its relation to health services utilization.Methods:A household survey of 615 married women in 22 city districts of Tehran in 2011 with a cluster sampling method was done. Demographic, knowledge, attitude and experience of DV in last 12 months and during marital life, health services utilization in last 1 and 12 months were collected. Analysis were done by STATA, SPSS and ArcGIS softwares.Results:We interviewed 615 married women, mean±SE age 42.6±1.1 years and duration of marriage 21.5±0.7 years. Physical and non-physical DV during marital life were 35.1% and 7.2%; respectively and during last 12 months were 18.9% and 35.6%; respectively. Health service utilization during last 1 and 12 months were 2.6 and 7.15 time per person; respectively. Women with non-physical DV utilized more mental health and non-prescribed medicine use (P< 0.05). Women with physical DV had less physician (GP, Specialist) services use (1.8±0.6 vs. 2.3±0.1, respectively, P = 0.045) but similar rate of all services utilization with women without physical DV.Conclusions:DV victims had higher rates of anxiety and depression that would lead to higher health services utilization among them and may produce at least 250 billion Rials annual cost to health system.
456 – New Dimensions in the Evaluation and Treatment of PTSD within the Military
Authors: French L.A. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:War trauma has long been associated with Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), a term coined in 1980 in the DSM-III to explain the post-war impact on U.S. and coalition veterans who served in Vietnam. New dimensions of war trauma have emerged with the 1991 Gulf War and the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. These challenges to the traditional diagnosis are seen as being consequences of the new dynamics associated with these conflicts, notably the heavy reliance on reserve troops and the National Guard; a high proportion of female service personnel; and multiple deployment as well as the introduction of suicide bombers and the use of IEDs (Improvised Explosive Devices).Objectives/aims:To articulate the new dimensions of war trauma including the pervasive atmosphere of hyper-vigilance; sexual tension within the military ranks; and the high prevalence of closed head injuries.Method:A through analysis of the latest research on war trauma including the proposed DSM-V diagnostic criteria.Results:MRI and other medical research indicates certain neurophysiological mechanisms associated particularly with PTSD distinguishing it from other forms of war trauma (adjustment disorders; panic disorders; depression, personality disorders...). Pre-morbid health and social factors are also seen as playing a role in the resilience to, or proneness toward, PTSD. Regarding treatment protocols, the immediate administration of opiates or new grade anti-psychotics seem to have the effect of keeping the trauma in the “acute stress” mode instead of the more difficult to treat, PTSD. Cultural differences are also addressed.
468 – A Qualitative Study of Mentally Ill Iraqi Refugees’ Relatives’ Experiences of their Caring Role and of Receiving Assistance from the Community Mental Health Services
Authors: Rossen C.B. , Buus N. , Stenager E. 
Published: July 2013

Ethnic minority groups are relatively more vulnerable to mental illness problems, and the mentally ill people from ethnic minority groups and their families do not use the support offers from the community mental health services to the same degree as ethnic people. Family members from Middle Eastern minority groups have a very central role in caring for a mentally ill relative. The purpose of this study was to gain knowledge about how relatives of Iraqi mentally ill persons experience their role as a relative.The design of the study was semi-structured qualitative interviews and the sample consisted of seven relatives of Iraqi mental health outpatients.The relatives’ everyday life was marked by the feeling of isolation caused by 24-hour commitment at home, (self-) stigma, and their own and the families’ psychological and social problems. Their explanation of what could help them and the mentally ill person to get better was to break the isolation, but this was rendered impossible because of their obligation to be the main (and only) caregiver. The help the relatives needed was support for their children, and a trusting continual relationship with a professional who could help them monitor the mentally ill person and help them carry their burden of being an isolated relative.
473 – Collaborative Trainee-led Research in Psychiatry in Europe
Authors: Pinto da Costa M. , Giurgiuca A. , Kilic O. , Tomori S. , Banjac V. ,   EFPT Research Group
Published: July 2013

Introduction:Research is one of the most appealing fields for trainees in psychiatry and is an essential competency within curricula. Skills gained through research impact on clinical care and can be developed throughout the training of young psychiatrists. Since mobility is growing at different levels within psychiatry, giving rise to new challenges while requiring the exchange of visions and know-how, international collaborative research becomes crucial and should be promoted since the training.Objectives:To share the experience of joint work and collaborative research done through joining professional associations, such as the European Federation of Psychiatric Trainees (EFPT) that provide opportunities for participating in research activities and establishing networks with others.Aims:The interest for academic background and investigational activities are essential in psychiatry, being therefore crucial to share and promote discussion on the international research projects done in an international meeting point like this.Methods:Assess the research projects done through time by the EFPT research group with special focus on the most recent ones.Results:Since 2008 the EFPT started a research group with the aim of facilitating trainee-led collaborative studies. Over the years, several international research projects on training-related areas have been conducted and published in international peer-reviewed journals.Conclusions:The research projects done will be briefly presented, showing that trainees can have the possibility to participate in all the phases of the projects as national coordinators and share with other colleagues their research competencies, having the possibility at times to rely on supervision by internationally renowned experts.
480 – The Effect on Pregnancy Outcome of Drug (Substance) Abuse during Pregnancy
Authors: Kashanian M. , Baradaran H.R. , Hatami H. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:Substance abuse during pregnancy is one of the most important problems in maternal and neonatal health. Being familiar with the risk of poor pregnancy outcome in these individuals may help them to reduce that risk.Objective:The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effects on Pregnancy outcome of substance abuse during pregnancy.Method:The study was conducted as a historical cohort study between two groups of pregnant women with or without substance abuse. Both groups were Iranian housewives, with the same socio economical status, singleton and without any known medical systemic disorder.Results:1268 women were evaluated in total. 317 women were drug abusers and 951 women were not. The woman in both groups had no significant differences according to neonates’ gender, gestational age, pregnancy-induced hypertension, intra uterine fetal death (IUFD), and ruptured membranes. Maternal age (P = 0.000), maternal weight (P = 0.000), neonatal weight (P = 0.000) were found to be lower in drug abusers. History of previous abortion (p = 0.000) and gravidity (P = 0.000) were higher in drug abusers. Also cesarean delivery [(P = 0.049, RR=1.1 (1.02–1.12)], placental abruption [(P = 0.000, RR=2.7 (1.8–4.1)], meconium passage [P = 0.000, RR=2.6 (2.3–2.8)], neonatal weight of less than 2500 gram [P = 0.000, RR=1.9 (1.8–2)], Apgar score of less than 7 in minute 5 [P = 0.001, RR=1.7 (1.5–1.7)], NICU admission [P = 0.000, RR=3.7 (3.5–3.8)] and neonatal death [P = 0.009, RR= 2.1 (1.8–2.5)] were all higher in drug abusers.Conclusion:Substance abuse causes poor outcomes in pregnancy, and with control, patients may improve these poor conditions.
484 – Depression and Suicidality in First Episode Psychosis
Authors: Upthegrove R. , Birchwood M. , Brunet K. , McCollum R. , Jones L. , Ross K. 
Published: July 2013

A clearer understanding of the ebb and flow of depression and suicidal thinking in the early phase of psychosis, and how this relates to other symptom dimensions, is essential for developing interventions to reduce risk. The studies presented here investigate whether depression and suicidal thinking are predictable, how they relate to the early course of psychotic symptoms and develop over time.92 patients with first episode psychosis recruited from the Birmingham Early Intervention Service completed measures of depression, including an prodromal depression, psotove and negative symptoms, self-harm, duration of untreated psychosis, insight and illness appraisals. Follow up took place over 12 months.Depression occurred in 80% of patients at one or more phase of illness; a combination of depression and suicidal thinking was present in 63%. Depression in the prodromal phase was the most significant predictor of future depression and acts of selfharm. Post psychotic depression unheralded by previous depressive episodes was rare. Depression and suicidal thinking in the acute and post psychotic phases is associated with higher levels of loss and shame, and subordination to persecutors and malevolent voices.Depression early in the emergence of a psychosis is fundamental to the development of future depression and suicidal thinking, and related to the personal significance and impact of positive symptom dimensions. Efforts to predict and reduce depression and self-harm in psychosis may need to target this early phase to reduce later risk.
513 – Comparison of Errors Committed by Psychotic Patients in Neuropsychological Bender_Gestalt Test
Authors: Hosseini R. , Moghaddam P.A. , Afzali S. 
Published: July 2013

Objective:The purpose of this study is to compare the performance of psychotic patients in neuropsychological “Bender_Gestalt” test.Method:The clinical symptoms of 97 psychotic patients (49 schizophrenics, 25 bipolar and 23 psychotics due to substance) and their performance in “Bender Gestalt” test were assessed through the administration of positive and negative symptoms scale (PANSS) and demographic data.Results:One-way ANOVA between the three diagnostic groups in terms of errors committed by psychotic patients showed no significant differences. Post-hoc “Tukey’s test” also yielded the same results, thus three diagnostic groups can be placed in a match group in terms of overall errors.Conclusions:The findings revealed evidence that the pattern of errors committed by patients was correlated differently with demographic and clinical variables in all three diagnostic groups. According to these findings treatment and rehabilitation of psychotic patients can be executed more precisely.
514 – Gender Speciffics Study of Medical Students’ Health-Elated Quality of Life
Authors: Latas M. , Milovanovic S. , Stojkovic T. , Ralic T. , Jovanovic S. 
Published: July 2013

Aim:to assess the subjective perception of HRQoL in medical students’ sample; andto ascertain predictors of better perception of HRQoL in medical students.Methods:We have assessed and compared scores of Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), used for the assessment of HRQoL in sample of 561 medical students and 332 control participants. Also, we have used linear regression to identify predictors of better perception of HRQoL in the sample of medical students.Results:The results indicate that medical students had statistically significantly higher total score of SF-36. The statistically significant predictors of better perception of HRQoL in medical students were: male gender, younger age and higher grade year of studies and non-medical students was male gender. The other sociodemographic and academic variables did not emerge as possible predictors of better perception of HRQoL.Conclusions:Medical students perceive their health much better than other university students do but female, older and second year medical students have worse perception of their HRQoL. In non-medical university students females had worse perception of their HRQoL. Those points should be potential target areas for specific prevention and treatment in order to achieve better quality of life of medical students and life of nonmedical students.