bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Papillomavirus Vaccination: A Case Study in Translational Science
Authors: Palmer Allyson K. , Harris Antoneicka L. , Jacobson Robert M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractEach year 610,000 cases of anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) occur worldwide. HPV vaccination represents a promising opportunity to prevent cancer on a global scale. The vaccine's story dates back to discoveries in chickens at the beginning of the 20th century with evidence that a cell‐free filtrate could transmit the propensity to grow cancers. Later, studies with similarly derived filtrates from mammalian tumors showed that hosts could develop immunity to subsequent exposures. Epidemiologic studies linked cervical cancer to members of a family of viruses that cause papillomatosis and common warts. This led to work with DNA hybridization demonstrating a causal relationship. The formation of virus‐like particles from viral capsid proteins led to the development of models for safe and effective vaccines. While much work remains with the acceptance of universal vaccination, the HPV vaccines Gardasil and Cervarix thus represent a century of successful translational research.
Engaging the Underserved: A Process Model to Mobilize Rural Community Health Coalitions as Partners in Translational Research
Authors: Davis Melinda M. , Aromaa Susan , McGinnis Paul B. , Ramsey Katrina , Rollins Nancy , Smith Jamie , Beamer Beth Ann , Buckley David I. , Stange Kurt C. , Fagnan Lyle J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPurposeCommunity engagement (CE) and community‐engaged research (CEnR) are increasingly recognized as critical elements in research translation. Process models to develop CEnR partnerships in rural and underserved communities are needed.MethodAcademic partners transformed four established Community Health Improvement Partnerships (CHIPs) into Community Health Improvement and Research Partnerships (CHIRPs). The intervention consisted of three elements: an academic‐community kickoff/orientation meeting, delivery of eight research training modules to CHIRP members, and local community‐based participatory research (CBPR) pilot studies addressing childhood obesity. We conducted a mixed methods analysis of pre‐/postsurveys, interviews, session evaluations, observational field notes, and attendance logs to evaluate intervention effectiveness and acceptability.ResultsForty‐nine community members participated; most (78.7%) attended five or more research training sessions. Session quality and usefulness was high. Community members reported significant increases in their confidence for participating in all phases of research (e.g., formulating research questions, selecting research methods, writing manuscripts). All CHIRP groups successfully conducted CBPR pilot studies.ConclusionsThe CHIRP process builds on existing infrastructure in academic and community settings to foster CEnR. Brief research training and pilot studies around community‐identified health needs can enhance individual and organizational capacity to address health disparities in rural and underserved communities.
Do 6‐month‐olds understand that speech can communicate?
Authors: Vouloumanos Athena , Martin Alia , Onishi Kristine H. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAdults and 12‐month‐old infants recognize that even unfamiliar speech can communicate information between third parties, suggesting that they can separate the communicative function of speech from its lexical content. But do infants recognize that speech can communicate due to their experience understanding and producing language, or do they appreciate that speech is communicative earlier, with little such experience? We examined whether 6‐month‐olds recognize that speech can communicate information about an object. Infants watched a Communicator selectively grasp one of two objects (target). During test, the Communicator could no longer reach the objects; she turned to a Recipient and produced speech (a nonsense word) or non‐speech (coughing). Infants looked longer when the Recipient selected the non‐target than the target object when the Communicator spoke but not when she coughed – unless the Recipient had previously witnessed the Communicator's selective grasping of the target object. Our results suggest that at 6 months, with a receptive vocabulary of no more than a handful of commonly used words, infants possess some abstract understanding of the communicative function of speech. This understanding may provide an early mechanism for language and knowledge acquisition.
Interactions between body mass and water temperature cause energetic bottlenecks in juvenile steelhead
Authors: Myrvold Knut M. , Kennedy Brian P. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAcross taxa, it is generally accepted that there are fitness advantages to rapid growth early in life. For stream‐dwelling salmonids, however, high temperatures and associated energetic costs during the summer growing season might offset or even prevent the competitive advantage of large body size. Our overall objective was to understand the relative importance of factors that can cause variation in growth rates in an age‐0 cohort of wild steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Idaho,USA, where temperatures approach, and temporarily exceed, their tolerance level. For individually tagged fish inhabiting the same stream reach, we found that growth rates were negatively related to fish mass (slopes of the two best approximating models were both −0.024). Comparing growth rates from 16 different stream reaches throughout the watershed, we found that temperature‐induced metabolic cost was the single best approximating model (AICwi = 1.0) of the variation in individual growth rates. The bioenergetic model showed that mass‐specific metabolic costs decreased with mass, but the absolute energetic demands increased over the same size range. Because temperature had a multiplicative effect on metabolic cost, our results suggest that the effect of food limitation increased with fish size. We conclude that high water temperatures pose energetic bottlenecks and can be a potentially strong mechanism limiting growth in juvenile salmonids in summer, particularly as streams in the region experience warming trends.
Prince of Songkla University Cat and upright positions together with music reduces the duration of active phase of labour and labour pain in primiparous women compared to oxytocin
Authors: Phumdoung Sasitorn , Youngwanichsetha Sununta , Mahattanan Sukit , Payakkamas Tawit , Maneechot Kalaya , Chanudom Benjamach , Ajasariyasing Treerat 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundLabour pain is severe. Thus, it is important to find effective methods to shorten the duration of labour and reduce labour pain.ObjectivesThis non‐randomised comparative study aimed to examine the use of the Prince of Songkla University Cat (PSU Cat) and upright positions, in conjunction with relaxing music, compared to oxytocin augmentation on the duration of the active phase of labour and labour pain in primiparous women.MethodsParticipants were assigned to two groups: group one (n=88) adopted the PSU Cat position alternating with an upright elevated head position (both at 45–60 degrees) while listening to relaxing music; group two (n=87) received oxytocin in the labour room. Both groups received the interventions when cervical dilation was 3–4 cm at the beginning of the study.ResultsUsing t‐tests, the position‐adopting group was shown to have a significantly shorter duration of active labour than the oxytocin group. Repeated measures (using analysis of covariance) revealed that the position‐adopting group had significantly less labour pain and distress of pain than the oxytocin group.ConclusionsThe results indicate that applying the PSU Cat positions, alternating with those where the head is elevated, while listening to relaxing music can shorten the duration of the active phase of labour and reduce labour pain and distress of pain compared with the use of oxytocin.
Mitochondrial hyperfusion promotes NF‐κB activation via the mitochondrial E3 ligase MULAN
Authors: Zemirli Naima , Pourcelot Marie , Ambroise Gorbatchev , Hatchi Emeline , Vazquez Aimé , Arnoult Damien 
Published: May 2014

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles with a morphology resulting from the balance between two opposing processes: fusion and fission. Little is known about the function of mitochondrial fusion, beside its role in the maintenance of mitochondrial DNA. We report here that enforced mitochondrial hyperfusion, due to the expression of a dominant‐negative mutant of Drp1 or of MARCH5, promotes NF‐κB activation in a TAK1‐ and IKK‐dependent manner, through the mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligase MULAN. The capability of MULAN to activate NF‐κB depends on its RING domain and on the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRAF2. Under physiological conditions, stress‐induced mitochondrial hyperfusion (SIMH) is also accompanied by NF‐κB activation, and the prevention of SIMH or the knockdown of MULAN impairs NF‐κB activation. During SIMH, MULAN forms a complex with TRAF2 and modulates its ubiquitylation, signifying that TRAF2 may serve as an ubiquitylated transmitter of NF‐κB signaling in this pathway. Our results suggest that mitochondria, through their dynamics, convert stress signals into a cell response leading to NF‐κB activation.Structured digital abstract

TRAF2 physically interacts with MULAN by anti bait coip (View interaction)
Experimental assessment of flue gas desulfurization residues and basic oxygen furnace slag on fatigue and moisture resistance of HMA
Authors: Chen Z.‐W. , Xiao Y. , Pang L. , Zeng W.‐B. , Wu S.‐P. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTBasic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag and flue gas desulfurization (FGD) residues both are industrial wastes. Research on using BOF slag as a novel aggregate and FGD residues as a filler in road construction has benefits both in environment and economics. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of FGD residues and BOF slag on the fatigue performance and moisture resistance of asphalt mixtures. The fatigue performance of asphalt mixture was conducted by means of indirect tensile fatigue test. Stress loading control mode, with four stress levels (300, 400, 500 and 600 kPa), was used in this research. Statistic t‐test was adopted, and it had approved the positive effect of BOF slag and FGD residues on the fatigue lives of asphalt mixture. Moisture resistance of asphalt mixture was investigated by retained Marshall stability test and tensile strength ratio test. Research results indicate that BOF slag and FGD residues can improve the fatigue and moisture resistance, when the BOF slag and FGD residues based asphalt mixture was designed properly.
Contemporary trait change in a classic ecological experiment: rapid decrease in alewife gill‐raker spacing following introduction to an inland lake
Authors: Palkovacs Eric P. , Mandeville Elizabeth G. , Post David M. 
Published: May 2014

Summary

Ecological experiments showing large effects are predicted to drive contemporary trait changes resulting from evolution and phenotypic plasticity. However, few classic ecological experiments conducted in the wild have been investigated for evidence of contemporary trait change.

We examined a classic experiment in trophic ecology, the introduction of alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) to Crystal Lake, Connecticut, U.S.A. (Brooks & Dodson, 1965), for the presence of contemporary trait change.

Alewife were introduced to Crystal Lake, an inland lake isolated from the coastal ocean, from an anadromous (migratory sea‐run) source population. We utilised museum specimens collected soon after introduction and modern samples to measure changes in gill‐raker morphology for the Crystal Lake alewife population since its introduction. We compared the gill‐rakers of the Crystal Lake population to those of other nearby anadromous and landlocked (freshwater resident) alewife populations.

At introduction, the Crystal Lake population showed gill‐raker spacing (GRS) similar to that of anadromous populations. Following introduction, we found evidence for a rapid decrease in GRS, an important trait for size‐selective prey capture in fishes. This decrease occurred alongside a dramatic decline in zooplankton size, shown by Brooks and Dodson (1965) to be caused by the onset of alewife predation. After 45 years of isolation in freshwater, the Crystal Lake population showed GRS typical of landlocked populations.

Brooks and Dodson's study is a classic example of the strong effects predators can have on prey communities. Our study shows that such community effects of predators may feed back to shape predator trophic morphology. The rate of trait change observed for the Crystal Lake alewife population is comparable to rates observed from evolutionary experiments conducted explicitly to examine trait changes over contemporary time scales.

We conclude that strong ecological effects of introduced populations may be important drivers of contemporary trait change. We propose that classic ecological experiments represent underutilised resources for examining interactions between contemporary trait change and ecological effects in the wild.
A method for calculating a land‐use change carbon footprint (LUC‐CFP) for agricultural commodities – applications to Brazilian beef and soy, Indonesian palm oil
Authors: Persson U. Martin , Henders Sabine , Cederberg Christel 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe world's agricultural system has come under increasing scrutiny recently as an important driver of global climate change, creating a demand for indicators that estimate the climatic impacts of agricultural commodities. Such carbon footprints, however, have in most cases excluded emissions from land‐use change and the proposed methodologies for including this significant emissions source suffer from different shortcomings. Here, we propose a new methodology for calculating land‐use change carbon footprints for agricultural commodities and illustrate this methodology by applying it to three of the most prominent agricultural commodities driving tropical deforestation: Brazilian beef and soybeans, and Indonesian palm oil. We estimate land‐use change carbon footprints in 2010 to be 66 tCO2/t meat (carcass weight) for Brazilian beef, 0.89 tCO2/t for Brazilian soybeans, and 7.5 tCO2/t for Indonesian palm oil, using a 10 year amortization period. The main advantage of the proposed methodology is its flexibility: it can be applied in a tiered approach, using detailed data where it is available while still allowing for estimation of footprints for a broad set of countries and agricultural commodities; it can be applied at different scales, estimating both national and subnational footprints; it can be adopted to account both for direct (proximate) and indirect drivers of land‐use change. It is argued that with an increasing commercialization and globalization of the drivers of land‐use change, the proposed carbon footprint methodology could help leverage the power needed to alter environmentally destructive land‐use practices within the global agricultural system by providing a tool for assessing the environmental impacts of production, thereby informing consumers about the impacts of consumption and incentivizing producers to become more environmentally responsible.
Ecosystem carbon storage does not vary with mean annual temperature in Hawaiian tropical montane wet forests
Authors: Selmants Paul C. , Litton Creighton M. , Giardina Christian P. , Asner Gregory P. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTheory and experiment agree that climate warming will increase carbon fluxes between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. The effect of this increased exchange on terrestrial carbon storage is less predictable, with important implications for potential feedbacks to the climate system. We quantified how increased mean annual temperature (MAT) affects ecosystem carbon storage in above‐ and belowground live biomass and detritus across a well‐constrained 5.2 °C MAT gradient in tropical montane wet forests on the Island of Hawaii. This gradient does not systematically vary in biotic or abiotic factors other than MAT (i.e. dominant vegetation, substrate type and age, soil water balance, and disturbance history), allowing us to isolate the impact of MAT on ecosystem carbon storage. Live biomass carbon did not vary predictably as a function of MAT, while detrital carbon declined by ~14 Mg of carbon ha−1 for each 1 °C rise in temperature – a trend driven entirely by coarse woody debris and litter. The largest detrital pool, soil organic carbon, was the most stable with MAT and averaged 48% of total ecosystem carbon across the MAT gradient. Total ecosystem carbon did not vary significantly with MAT, and the distribution of ecosystem carbon between live biomass and detritus remained relatively constant across the MAT gradient at ~44% and ~56%, respectively. These findings suggest that in the absence of alterations to precipitation or disturbance regimes, the size and distribution of carbon pools in tropical montane wet forests will be less sensitive to rising MAT than predicted by ecosystem models. This article also provides needed detail on how individual carbon pools and ecosystem‐level carbon storage will respond to future warming.
Groundwater Productivity Potential Mapping Using Evidential Belief Function
Authors: Park Inhye , Kim Yongsung , Lee Saro 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe evidential belief function (EBF) model was applied and validated for analysis of groundwater‐productivity potential (GPP) in Boryeong and Pohang cities, agriculture region in Korea using geographic information systems (GIS). Data about related factors, including topography, lineament, geology, forest, soil, and groundwater data were collected and input into a spatial database. Additionally, in the Boryeong area, specific capacity (SPC) data not lower than 4.55 m3/d/m were collected, corresponding to 300 m3/d yield from 72 well locations. In the Pohang area,SPCdata of ≥ 6.25 m3/d/m were collected, corresponding to a yield of 500 m3/d from 44 well locations. By using the constructed spatial database, 19 factors related to groundwater productivity were extracted. The relationships between the well locations and the factors were identified and quantified by using theEBFmodel. Four relationships were calculated: belief (Bel), disbelief (Dis), uncertainty (Unc), and plausibility (Pls). The relationships were used as factor ratings in the overlay analysis to createGPPindices and maps. The resultingGPPmaps showed 83.41% and 77.53% accuracy in Boryeong and Pohang areas, respectively. TheEBFmodel was found to be more effective in terms of prediction accuracy.
Patterns of Entrapped Air Dissolution in a Two‐Dimensional Pilot‐Scale Synthetic Aquifer
Authors: McLeod Heather C. , Roy James W. , Smith James E. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPast studies of entrapped air dissolution have focused on one‐dimensional laboratory columns. Here the multidimensional nature of entrapped air dissolution was investigated using an indoor tank (180 × 240 × 600 cm3) simulating an unconfined sand aquifer with horizontal flow. Time domain reflectometry (TDR) probes directly measured entrapped air contents, while dissolved gas conditions were monitored with total dissolved gas pressure (PTDG) probes. Dissolution occurred as a diffuse wedge‐shaped front from the inlet downgradient, with preferential dissolution at depth. This pattern was mainly attributed to increased gas solubility, as shown by PTDG measurements. However, compression of entrapped air at greater depths, captured by TDR and leading to lower quasi‐saturated hydraulic conductivities and thus greater velocities, also played a small role. Linear propagation of the dissolution front downgradient was observed at each depth, with both TDR and PTDG, with increasing rates with depth (e.g, 4.1 to 5.7× slower at 15 cm vs. 165 cm depth). PTDG values revealed equilibrium with the entrapped gas initially, being higher at greater depth and fluctuating with the barometric pressure, before declining concurrently with entrapped air contents to the lower PTDG of the source water. The observed dissolution pattern has long‐term implications for a wide variety of groundwater management issues, from recharge to contaminant transport and remediation strategies, due to the persistence of entrapped air near the water table (potential timescale of years). This study also demonstrated the utility of PTDG probes for simple in situ measurements to detect entrapped air and monitor its dissolution.
Lon Protease Affects the RdxA Nitroreductase Activity and Metronidazole Susceptibility in Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Tu I‐Fan , Liao Jiahn‐Haur , Yang Feng‐Ling , Lin Nien‐Tsung , Chan Hong‐Lin , Wu Shih‐Hsiung 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe lon gene of Helicobacter pylori strains is constitutively expressed during growth. However, virtually nothing is understood concerning the role of Lon in H. pylori. This study examined the function and physiological role of Lon in H. pylori (HpLon) using a trapping approach to identify putative Lon binding partners in the bacterium.Materials and MethodsProtease‐deficient Lon was expressed and served as the bait in trapping approach to capture the interacting partners in H. pylori. The antibiotic susceptibility of wild‐type and lon derivative mutants was determined by the E test trips and the disc diffusion assay. The effect of HpLon on RdxA activity was detected the change in NADPH oxidation and metronidazole reduction by spectrophotometer.ResultsLon in Helicobacter pylori (HpLon) interacting partners are mostly associated with metronidazole activation. lon mutant presents more susceptible to metronidazole than that of the wild type, and this phenotype is recovered by complementation of the wild‐type Lon. We found that the ATPases associated with a variety of cellular activities (AAA+) module of HpLon causes a decrease in both NADPH oxidase and Mtz reductase activity in RdxA, a major Mtz‐activating enzyme in H. pylori.ConclusionMetronidazole resistance of H. pylori causes the serious medical problem worldwide. In this study, HpLon is involved in metronidazole susceptibility among H. pylori strains. We provide the evidence that HpLon alters RdxA activity in vitro. The decrease in metronidazole activation caused by HpLon is possibly prior to accumulate mutation in rdxA gene before the metronidazole‐resistant strains to be occurred.