bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parents' experiences, needs, and preferences in pediatric diabetes care: Suggestions for improvement of care and the possible role of the Internet. A qualitative study
Authors: Boogerd Emiel A. , Maas‐van Schaaijk Nienke M. , Noordam Cees , Marks Hans J. G. , Verhaak Chris M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the needs and preferences of parents of children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) concerning pediatric diabetes care and use of Internet in care.Design and MethodsParents of 34 children, aged 2–12, with T1D participated in seven focus group interviews.ResultsAnalysis revealed provision of tailored care, disease information, peer support, and accessibility of healthcare professionals as major needs in parents. Internet could be used to satisfy these needs.Practical ImplicationsAccording to parents, diabetes teams should focus on the impact of the disease, parents' experience, and the child's development, and provide online professional and peer support.
Deciphering the metabolic response of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to nitrogen stress
Authors: Williams Kerstin J. , Jenkins Victoria A. , Barton Geraint R. , Bryant William A. , Krishnan Nitya , Robertson Brian D. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryA key component to the success of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a pathogen is the ability to sense and adapt metabolically to the diverse range of conditions encountered in vivo, such as oxygen tension, environmental pH and nutrient availability. Although nitrogen is an essential nutrient for every organism, little is known about the genes and pathways responsible for nitrogen assimilation in M. tuberculosis. In this study we have used transcriptomics and chromatin immunoprecipitation and high‐throughput sequencing to address this. In response to nitrogen starvation, a total of 185 genes were significantly differentially expressed (96 up‐regulated and 89 down regulated; 5% genome) highlighting several significant areas of metabolic change during nitrogen limitation such as nitrate/nitrite metabolism, aspartate metabolism and changes in cell wall biosynthesis. We identify GlnR as a regulator involved in the nitrogen response, controlling the expression of at least 33 genes in response to nitrogen limitation. We identify a consensus GlnR binding site and relate its location to known transcriptional start sites. We also show that the GlnR response regulator plays a very different role in M. tuberculosis to that in non‐pathogenic mycobacteria, controlling genes involved in nitric oxide detoxification and intracellular survival instead of genes involved in nitrogen scavenging.
How do cold‐sensitive species endure ice ages? Phylogeographic and paleodistribution models of postglacial range expansion of the mesothermic drought‐tolerant coniferAustrocedrus chilensis
Authors: Souto Cintia P. , Kitzberger Thomas , Arbetman Marina P. , Premoli Andrea C. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryIn view of global climate change, it is important to understand the responses of tree species to climate changes in the past. Combinations of phylogeographic analysis of genetic evidence, coupled with species distribution models (SDMs), are improving our understanding on this subject.We combinedSDMs and microsatellite data from populations of the entire range ofAustrocedrus chilensis, a dominant mesotherm (cold‐sensitive) conifer of dryland forests of the southern Andes, to test the hypothesis of long‐distance postglacial migration from northern and warmer refugia at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM).TheSDMindicated suitable conditions forAustrocedrusin northern Chile (western) at theLGMand largely unsuitable conditions in Argentina (eastern). Population genetic diversity and effective population sizes within populations decreased southward along the Andes, consistent with the hypothesis of long‐distance dispersal from a northern refugium.Results support the hypothesis of one (or a few) warmer (low latitude) refugia in Chile forAustrocedrus. On balance, the evidence suggests that in contrast to cold‐tolerant tree taxa with the capacity to fast‐track postglacial warming thanks to local refugia, cold‐sensitive species might have undergone long‐distance range expansion, lagging behind progressive climate change throughout the Holocene.
Identification of low Ca2+ stress‐induced embryo apoptosis response genes in Arachis hypogaea by SSH‐associated library lift (SSHaLL)
Authors: Chen Hua , Zhang Chong , Cai Tie cheng , Deng Ye , Zhou Shuangbiao , Zheng Yixiong , Ma Shiwei , Tang Ronghua , Varshney Rajeev K. , Zhuang Weijian 
Published: June 2015

SummaryCalcium is a universal signal in the regulation of wide aspects in biology, but few are known about the function of calcium in the control of early embryo development. Ca2+ deficiency in soil induces early embryo abortion in peanut, producing empty pods, which is a general problem; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, embryo abortion was characterized to be caused by apoptosis marked with cell wall degradation. Using a method of SSH cDNA libraries associated with library lift (SSHaLL), 62 differentially expressed genes were isolated from young peanut embryos. These genes were classified to be stress responses, catabolic process, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, embryo morphogenesis, regulation, etc. The cell retardation with cell wall degradation was caused by up‐regulated cell wall hydrolases and down‐regulated cellular synthases genes. HsfA4a, which was characterized to be important to embryo development, was significantly down‐regulated under Ca2+‐deficient conditions from 15 days after pegging (DAP) to 30 DAP. Two AhCYP707A4 genes, encoding abscisic acid (ABA) 8′‐hydroxylases, key enzymes for ABA catabolism, were up‐regulated by 21‐fold under Ca2+‐deficient conditions upstream of HsfA4a, reducing the ABA level in early embryos. Over‐expression of AhCYP707A4 in Nicotiana benthamiana showed a phenotype of low ABA content with high numbers of aborted embryos, small pods and less seeds, which confirms that AhCYP707A4 is a key player in regulation of Ca2+ deficiency‐induced embryo abortion via ABA‐mediated apoptosis. The results elucidated the mechanism of low Ca2+‐induced embryo abortion and described the method for other fields of study.
DNA barcoding: an efficient tool to overcome authentication challenges in the herbal market
Authors: Mishra Priyanka , Kumar Amit , Nagireddy Akshitha , Mani Daya N. , Shukla Ashutosh K. , Tiwari Rakesh , Sundaresan Velusamy 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThe past couple of decades have witnessed global resurgence of herbal‐based health care. As a result, the trade of raw drugs has surged globally. Accurate and fast scientific identification of the plant(s) is the key to success for the herbal drug industry. The conventional approach is to engage an expert taxonomist, who uses a mix of traditional and modern techniques for precise plant identification. However, for bulk identification at industrial scale, the process is protracted and time‐consuming. DNA barcoding, on the other hand, offers an alternative and feasible taxonomic tool box for rapid and robust species identification. For the success of DNA barcode, the barcode loci must have sufficient information to differentiate unambiguously between closely related plant species and discover new cryptic species. For herbal plant identification, matK, rbcL, trnH‐psbA, ITS, trnL‐F, 5S‐rRNA and 18S‐rRNA have been used as successful DNA barcodes. Emerging advances in DNA barcoding coupled with next‐generation sequencing and high‐resolution melting curve analysis have paved the way for successful species‐level resolution recovered from finished herbal products. Further, development of multilocus strategy and its application has provided new vistas to the DNA barcode‐based plant identification for herbal drug industry. For successful and acceptable identification of herbal ingredients and a holistic quality control of the drug, DNA barcoding needs to work harmoniously with other components of the systems biology approach. We suggest that for effectively resolving authentication challenges associated with the herbal market, DNA barcoding must be used in conjunction with metabolomics along with need‐based transcriptomics and proteomics.
Adenylate cyclase 5is required for melanophore and male pattern development in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata)
Authors: Kottler Verena A. , Künstner Axel , Koch Iris , Flötenmeyer Matthias , Langenecker Tobias , Hoffmann Margarete , Sharma Eshita , Weigel Detlef , Dreyer Christine 
Published: June 2015

SummaryGuppies (Poecilia reticulata) are colorful fish that have attracted the attention of pigmentation researchers for almost a century. Here, we report that the blond phenotype of the guppy is caused by a spontaneous mutation in the guppy ortholog ofadenylate cyclase 5(adcy5). Using double digest restriction site‐associatedDNAsequencing (ddRADseq) and quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping, we linked the blond phenotype to a candidate region of 118 kb, in which we subsequently identified a 2‐bp deletion inadcy5that alters splicing and leads to a premature stop codon. We show thatadcy5, which affects life span and melanoma growth in mouse, is required for melanophore development and formation of male orange pigmentation traits in the guppy. We find that some components of the male orange pattern are particularly sensitive to loss of Adcy5 function. Our work thus reveals a function for Adcy5 in patterning of fish color ornaments.
Rules and the Doctrine of Performance Management
Authors: Jakobsen Mads L. F. , Mortensen Peter B. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe doctrine of performance management has been promoted as an alternative to rule‐based governance. Analyzing performance management as a system of rules, this article examines how performance management is adopted through rules. The question is examined based on a systematic counting and content coding of national rules within the domain of primary education in Denmark from 1989 to 2010. Contrary to the prescriptions of the performance management doctrine, the analysis shows a clear increase in the number of rules. This reflects the creation of many new rules about performance measurement without a proportionate repeal of production rules constraining the autonomy of public service providers and their managers. The result is congruent with the expectations derived from the literature on rule dynamics, which emphasizes rules as the carriers of learning and interests. The article thereby demonstrates the utility of analyzing performance management as a system of rules.
Traces of Henry Wotton in continental Alba Amicorum
Authors: Schlueter June , Dubischar Markus 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSurviving copies of alba amicorum, or friendship albums, a genre that flourished in Protestant regions of the Continent, contain details concerning the lives of their early modern owners and contributors. While the fashion of owning an album did not generally extend to England, Henry Wotton, an Englishman who spent much of his career on the Continent, was a frequent contributor to others's albums. This article examines ten of Wotton's holographic entries, inscribed between 1590 and 1627, that provide insight into the biography and character of the poet‐diplomat who served King James as ambassador to Venice and Provost of Eton.
A pilot study of the efficacy of wipes containing chlorhexidine 0.3%, climbazole 0.5% and Tris‐EDTA to reduce Malassezia pachydermatis populations on canine skin
Authors: Cavana Paola , Peano Andrea , Petit Jean‐Yanique , Tizzani Paolo , Perrot Sébastien , Bensignor Emmanuel , Guillot Jacques 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundWipes containing chlorhexidine and azole derivates have been recommended for veterinary use. No study has been published about their activity against Malassezia pachydermatis.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo evaluate the in vivo and in vitro activity of wipes soaked in a chlorhexidine, climbazole and Tris‐EDTA solution against Malassezia pachydermatis.AnimalsFive research colony shar‐pei dogs.MethodsWipes were applied once daily onto the left axilla, left groin and perianal area (protocol A), and twice daily on the right axilla, right groin and umbilical region (protocol B) for 3 days. In vivo activity was evaluated by quantifying Malassezia colonies through contact plates on the selected body areas before and after wipe application. The activity of the solution in which the wipes were soaked was assessed in vitro by contact tests following the European Standard UNI EN 1275 guidelines.ResultsSamples collected after wipe application showed a significant and rapid reduction of Malassezia yeast CFU. No significant difference in the Malassezia reduction was found between protocols A and B. In vitro assay showed 100% activity against Malassezia yeasts after a 15 min contact time with the wipe solution.Conclusions and clinical importanceWipes containing chlorhexidine, climbazole and Tris‐EDTA substantially reduced the M. pachydermatis population on the skin of dogs. The results, although this was an uncontrolled study performed on a small number of dogs, suggest that these wipes may be useful for topical therapy of Malassezia dermatitis involving the lips, paws, perianal area and skin folds.
Effects of different routes of nicotine administration on gastric morphology and hormonal secretion in rats
Authors: Ali Soad Shaker , Hamed Enas Ahmed , Ayuob Nasra Naeim , Shaker Ali Ahmed , Suliman Mansour Ibrahem 
Published: June 2015

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
Does chronic administration of nicotine by different routes affect gastric hormonal secretions and morphology in rats?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Chronic nicotine administration increased levels of gastrin, ghrelin and histamine but decreased prostaglandin E2. Nicotine administered orally and by inhalation had a marked negative impact on the histological structure of the gastric mucosa compared with intraperitoneal administration. The negative impact of nicotine administration on gastric structure was associated with an increased concentration of gastrin and decreased prostaglandin E2, which might be the cause of gastric/peptic ulcers in heavy smokers. The increase in ghrelin concentration and its effect following chronic nicotine administration needs further investigation.

The aim was to assess the effects of different routes of chronic nicotine administration on gastric morphology and hormonal secretion; mainly gastrin, ghrelin, histamine and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Forty adult male albino rats were randomly assigned into four groups (10 rats per group), treated for 21 days as follows: control group (given standard rat pellets and water only); oral nicotine‐treated group [50 μg (ml drinking water)−1]; intraperitoneal nicotine‐treated group [0.5 mg (kg body weight)−1]; and inhaled nicotine‐treated group [0.5 mg (kg body weight)−1]. Concentrations of gastrin, ghrelin, PGE2 and histamine in serum and gastric tissue homogenates were assessed using ELISA kits. Stomach fundus was processed for histopathology and immunohistochemistry using light and electron microscopy. Different routes of chronic nicotine administration resulted in a significant increase in serum and gastric homogenate gastrin and ghrelin concentrations and a significant decrease in serum and homogenate PGE2 concentrations compared with the control group. Moreover, nicotine administration via oral and inhalation routes caused gastric erosion, transformation of peptic cells into the mucous variety, a significant increase in parietal cell numbers and an increase in expression of gastrin. In conclusion, the negative impact of nicotine administration on gastric structure that is associated with an increased concentration of gastrin and decreased concentration PGE2 might be the leading cause of gastric/peptic ulcers in heavy smokers. The increased ghrelin concentration and its effect following nicotine chronic administration needs further investigation. Based on these findings, we suggest that the alteration in gastric structure following chronic administration of nicotine can be prevented by reducing gastrin secretion and/or targeting its receptors.
Bacterial Photodynamic Inactivation Mediated by Methylene Blue and Red Light Is Enhanced by Synergistic Effect of Potassium Iodide
Authors: Vecchio Daniela , Gupta Asheesh , Huang Liyi , Landi Giacomo , Avci Pinar , Rodas Andrea , Hamblin Michael R. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

The inexorable increase of antibiotic resistance occurring in different bacterial species is increasing the interest in developing new antimicrobial treatments that will be equally effective against multidrug-resistant strains and will not themselves induce resistance. One of these alternatives may be photodynamic inactivation (PDI), which uses a combination of nontoxic dyes, called photosensitizers (PS), excited by harmless visible light to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) by type 1 (radical) and type 2 (singlet oxygen) pathways. In this study, we asked whether it was possible to improve the efficacy of PDI
in vitro
and
in vivo
by addition of the inert salt potassium iodide (KI) to a commonly investigated PS, the phenothiazinium dye methylene blue (MB). By adding KI, we observed a consistent increase of red light-mediated bacterial killing of Gram-positive and Gram-negative species
in vitro
and
in vivo. In vivo
, we also observed less bacterial recurrence in wounds in the days posttreatment. The mechanism of action is probably due to formation of reactive iodine species that are produced quickly with a short lifetime. This finding may have a relevant clinical impact by reducing the risk of amputation and, in some cases, the risk of death, leading to improvement in the care of patients affected by localized infections.
Microplate-Based Assay for Identifying Small Molecules That Bind a Specific Intersubunit Interface within the Assembled HIV-1 Capsid
Authors: Halambage Upul D. , Wong Jason P. , Melancon Bruce J. , Lindsley Craig W. , Aiken Christopher 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT
Despite the availability of >30 effective drugs for managing HIV-1 infection, no current therapy is curative, and long-term management is challenging owing to the emergence and spread of drug-resistant mutants. Identification of drugs against novel HIV-1 targets would expand the current treatment options and help to control resistance. The highly conserved HIV-1 capsid protein represents an attractive target because of its multiple roles in replication of the virus. However, the low antiviral potencies of the reported HIV-1 capsid–targeting inhibitors render them unattractive for therapeutic development. To facilitate the identification of more-potent HIV-1 capsid inhibitors, we developed a scintillation proximity assay to screen for small molecules that target a biologically active and specific intersubunit interface in the HIV-1 capsid. The assay, which is based on competitive displacement of a known capsid-binding small-molecule inhibitor, exhibited a signal-to-noise ratio of >9 and a Z factor of >0.8. In a pilot screen of a chemical library containing 2,400 druglike compounds, we obtained a hit rate of 1.8%. This assay has properties that are suitable for screening large compound libraries to identify novel HIV-1 capsid ligands with antiviral activity.
pKBuS13, a KPC-2-Encoding Plasmid from Klebsiella pneumoniae Sequence Type 833, Carrying Tn
4401b
Inserted into an Xer Site-Specific Recombination Locus
Authors: Garbari Luigi , Busetti Marina , Dolzani Lucilla , Petix Vincenzo , Knezevich Anna , Bressan Raffaela , Gionechetti Fabrizia , Tonin Enrico A. , Lagatolla Cristina 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the first detection of a
Klebsiella pneumoniae
carbapenemase 2 (KPC-2)-producing
Klebsiella pneumoniae
strain belonging to sequence type 833 (ST833), collected in an Italian hospital from a patient coming from South America. Its
bla
KPC
determinant was carried by a ColE1 plasmid, pKBuS13, that showed the Tn
4401b
::
bla
KPC-2
transposon inserted into the regulatory region of an Xer site-specific recombination locus. This interfered with the correct resolution of plasmid multimers into monomers, lowering plasmid stability and leading to overestimation of the number of plasmids harbored by a single host cell. Sequencing of the fragments adjacent to Tn
4401b
detected a region that did not have significant matches in databases other than the genome of a carbapenem-resistant
Escherichia coli
strain collected during the same year at a hospital in Boston. This is interesting in an epidemiologic context, as it suggests that despite the absence of
tra
genes and the instability under nonselective conditions, the circulation of pKBuS13 or of analogous plasmids might be wider than reported.
Capsular Polysaccharide Is Involved in NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Klebsiella pneumoniae Serotype K1
Authors: Hua Kuo-Feng , Yang Feng-Ling , Chiu Hsiao-Wen , Chou Ju-Ching , Dong Wei-Chih , Lin Chien-Nan , Lin Chai-Yi , Wang Jin-Town , Li Lan-Hui , Chiu Huan-Wen , Chiu Yi-Chich , Wu Shih-Hsiung 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Klebsiella pneumoniae
(strain 43816, K2 serotype) induces interleukin-1β (IL-1β) secretion, but neither the bacterial factor triggering the activation of these inflammasome-dependent responses nor whether they are mediated by NLRP3 or NLRC4 is known. In this study, we identified a capsular polysaccharide (K1-CPS) in
K. pneumoniae
(NTUH-K2044, K1 serotype), isolated from a primary pyogenic liver abscess (PLA
K. pneumoniae
), as the
Klebsiella
factor that induces IL-1β secretion in an NLRP3-, ASC-, and caspase-1-dependent manner in macrophages. K1-CPS induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, and NF-κB activation. Inhibition of both the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition and mitochondrial ROS generation inhibited K1-CPS-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Furthermore, IL-1β secretion in macrophages infected with PLA
K. pneumoniae
was shown to depend on NLRP3 but also on NLRC4 and TLR4. In macrophages infected with a K1-CPS deficiency mutant, an lipopolysaccharide (LPS) deficiency mutant, or K1-CPS and LPS double mutants, IL-1β secretion levels were lower than those in cells infected with wild-type PLA
K. pneumoniae
. Our findings indicate that K1-CPS is one of the
Klebsiella
factors of PLA
K. pneumoniae
that induce IL-1β secretion through the NLRP3 inflammasome.