bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obstructive sleep apnoea in obese adolescents and cardiometabolic risk markers
Authors: Watson S. E. , Li Z. , Tu W. , Jalou H. , Brubaker J. L. , Gupta S. , Huber J. N. , Carroll A. , Hannon T. S. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryWhat is already known about this subject
In paediatric patients, obstructive sleep apnoea is associated with adiposity, especially visceral adiposity.
In adults, obstructive sleep apnoea is also associated with a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
There are limited and conflicting paediatric studies examining the association between obstructive sleep apnoea and biomarkers of risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in youth.
What this study adds
Obstructive sleep apnoea is linked with greater cardiometabolic risk markers in obese adolescents.
Fasting insulin and homeostasis model assessment‐insulin resistance may be especially linked with obstructive sleep apnoea among obese male Hispanic adolescents.
The relationship between obstructive sleep apnoea and cardiometabolic abnormalities in obese adolescents should be considered when evaluating patients found to have obstructive sleep apnoea.
BackgroundPaediatric studies examining the association between obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and insulin sensitivity/cardiometabolic risk are limited and conflicting.ObjectiveThis study aims to determine if cardiometabolic risk markers are increased among obese youth with obstructive sleep apnoea as compared with their equally obese peers without OSA.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of 96 patients (age 14.2 ± 1.4 years) who underwent polysomnography for suspected OSA. Fasting lipids, glucose, insulin and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were performed as part of routine clinical evaluation. Patients were categorized into two groups by degree of OSA as measured by the apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI): none or mild OSA (AHI < 5) and moderate or severe OSA (AHI ≥ 5).ResultsDespite the similar degrees of obesity, patients with moderate or severe OSA had higher fasting insulin (P = 0.037) and homeostasis model assessment‐insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR [P = 0.0497]) as compared with those with mild or no OSA. After controlling for body mass index, there was a positive association between the AHI and log HOMA‐IR (P = 0.005). There was a positive relationship between arousals plus awakenings during the polysomnography and fasting triglycerides.ConclusionsOSA is linked with greater cardiometabolic risk markers in obese youth.
Using the Diffusion of Innovations theory to understand the uptake of genetics in nursing practice: identifying the characteristics of genetic nurse adopters
Authors: Andrews Verity , Tonkin Emma , Lancastle Deborah , Kirk Maggie 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimTo identify the characteristics of nurses who are using genetics in practice and consider the implications of the findings for optimizing its wider uptake.BackgroundNurses are crucial in realizing the benefits from advances in genetic and genomic health care. Although many recognize genetics as an important component of disease, most feel unprepared to engage with it in practice. The Diffusion of Innovation theory provides a useful framework to describe different levels of engagement. Identifying the characteristics of nurses who have engaged with genetics (adopters) may provide insights of relevance to promoting wider adoption.DesignA primarily quantitative approach over two phases, using online surveys conducted during 2011.MethodIn phase 1, consensus (>75%) was sought from experts in genetics and nursing on four potential Indicators of Genetic Adoption could identify nurses who have adopted genetics. In phase 2, oncology and primary care nurses were surveyed to identify the characteristics and demographic indicators of genetic nurse adopters.ResultsA consensus was achieved to include all Indicators of Genetic Adoption (phase 1). In phase 2, 27·3% of respondents (n = 24/88) were categorized as being adopters. Eighteen characteristics were determined to be statistically significant (Mann–Whitney) in defining an adopter and included being open to experience and being more knowledgeable of and confident in using genetics.ConclusionNurses can be categorized in terms of their engagement with genetics through several distinguishing characteristics. Further research is needed to test the generalizability of the findings to a larger sample and other areas of nursing practice.
The importance of molecular dating analyses for inferring Hawaiian biogeographical history: a case study with bark lice (Psocidae: Ptycta)
Authors: Bess Emilie C. , Catanach Therese A. , Johnson Kevin P. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimThe use of intuitive or explicit biogeographical reconstruction techniques to estimate the timing of species radiations on the Hawaiian Islands, while often incorporating evidence on the timing of island formation, may be misleading if the effects of extinction are overlooked. Using phylogenies of the bark louse genus Ptycta (Psocidae), we compared results from biogeographical character mapping with those from molecular dating analyses. These results were used to evaluate the ‘progression model’, which predicts an oldest‐to‐youngest pattern of island colonization.LocationThe main Hawaiian Islands (Kauai, Oahu, Maui, Lanai, Molokai and Hawaii).MethodsWith a data set including 101 Hawaiian Ptycta specimens and 18 outgroup species, we constructed molecular phylogenies based on sequences of the nuclear gene wingless and mitochondrial genes 12S, 16S and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI). Maximum‐likelihood, maximum‐parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses were used. We used beast to estimate a time‐calibrated tree under a relaxed clock model.ResultsOur analyses suggested a single colonization event, followed by extensive movement of Ptycta among islands and species radiations within and between islands. This monophyletic radiation is composed of two well‐supported clades that are also supported by two synapomorphic characters of the male genitalia.Main conclusionsVery different biogeographical patterns are inferred by molecular dating versus approaches based on character mapping. Simple biogeographical reconstruction over the molecular phylogeny supports a pattern of youngest‐to‐oldest island colonization, the reverse of that predicted by the ‘progression model’, and implies that this radiation could be as young as the most recent islands of Maui (1.4 Ma) or Hawaii (0.5 Ma). Molecular dating, however, infers a pattern consistent with oldest‐to‐youngest island colonization, and suggests a lineage age of 7.1 Ma. Extinction on the oldest island of Kauai may account for the differences in results between the two analyses.
An evaluation of the robustness of global amphibian range maps
Authors: Ficetola Gentile Francesco , Rondinini Carlo , Bonardi Anna , Katariya Vineet , Padoa‐Schioppa Emilio , Angulo Ariadne 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimMaps of species ranges are among the most frequently used distribution data in biodiversity studies. As with any biological data, range maps have some level of measurement error, but this error is rarely quantified. We assessed the error associated with amphibian range maps by comparing them with point locality data.LocationGlobal.MethodsThe maps published by the Global Amphibian Assessment were assessed against two data sets of species point localities: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), and a refined data set including recently published, high‐quality presence data from bothGBIFand other sources. Range fit was measured as the proportion of presence records falling within the range polygon(s) for each species.ResultsUsing the high‐quality point data provided better fit measures than using the rawGBIFdata. Range fit was highly variable among continents, being highest for North American and European species (a fit of 84–94%), and lowest for Asian and South American species (a fit of 57–64%). At the global scale, 95% of amphibian point records were inside the ranges published in maps, or within 31 km of the range edge. However, differences among continents were striking, and more points were found far from range edges for South American and Asian species.Main conclusionsThe Global Amphibian Assessment range maps represent the known distribution of most amphibians well; this study provides measures of accuracy that can be useful for future research using amphibian maps as baseline data. Nevertheless, there is a need for greater investment in the continuous updating and improvement of maps, particularly in the megadiverse areas of tropical Asia and South America.
Maintaining Goal Blood Pressures After Switching From Olmesartan to Other Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
Authors: Saseen Joseph J. , Ghushchyan Vahram , Kaila Shuchita , Allen Richard R. , Nair Kavita V. 
Published: October 2013

This study assessed blood pressure (BP) goal maintenance in patients controlled with olmesartan monotherapy after switching to another angiotensin type II receptor blocker (ARB). Hypertensive patients prescribed olmesartan monotherapy were identified from GE Healthcare's Centricity electronic medical record between 2007 and 2011. After documentation of BP goal (<140/90 mm Hg) attainment, patients were placed into the continuation cohort if olmesartan monotherapy was maintained or into the switch cohort if they were changed to irbesartan, losartan, or valsartan. Follow‐up assessments were the first BP measurement 28 to 390 days after attaining BP goal (continuation cohort) or after prescribing an alternative ARB (switch cohort). Of 3412 patients included (3027 continuation cohort, 385 switch cohort), 52% were women and mean age was 58.0 years. In the switch cohort, 310 (80.5%) were switched to losartan (n=236), irbesartan (n=58), or valsartan (n=16) monotherapy and 75 (19.5%) were switched to combination antihypertensive therapy. Mean baseline and follow‐up BP were 122.5/75.8 mm Hg and 126.6/77.6 mm Hg, respectively, in the continuation cohort (P<.001) and 123.5/75.4 mm Hg and 129.6/78.5 mm Hg, respectively, in the switch cohort (P<.001). BP goal maintenance was 78.7% and 72.2% in the continuation and switch cohort, respectively (odds ratio, 0.707; 95% confidence interval, 0.555–0.899). Patients who continued on olmesartan monotherapy after attaining BP goal had a higher percentage of BP goal maintenance than patients who switched therapy.
Inter‐bacterial correlations in subgingival biofilms: a large‐scale survey
Authors: Loozen Gitte , Ozcelik Onur , Boon Nico , De Mol Antony , Schoen Christian , Quirynen Marc , Teughels Wim 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimAlthough the complexity of the oral ecology and the ecological differences between health and disease are well accepted, a clear view on the dynamics in relation to disease is lacking. In this study, the prevalence and abundance of 20 key oral bacteria was assessed in health and disease and more importantly a closer look was given to the inter‐bacterial relationships.Materials and methodsA blinded microbiological database was analysed in this cross‐sectional, retrospective study. The database was constructed based on microbiological analyses of samples from 6308 patients, with gradations of periodontitis (healthy to periodontitis). Data concerning the abundance of 20 oral bacteria and probing pocket depth were provided.ResultsPorphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Eubacterium nodatum, Porphyromonas micra and Porphyromonas intermedia showed a clear increase in abundance and prevalence with increasing pocket depth. Correlation matrices illustrated that almost all microorganisms were in one way correlated to other species and most of these correlations were significant. Several beneficial bacteria showed strong correlations with other beneficial bacteria.ConclusionKnowledge on bacterial correlations can pave the way for new treatment options focusing on restoring the shifted balance.
Context matters: community characteristics and mental health among war‐affected youth in Sierra Leone
Authors: Betancourt Theresa S. , McBain Ryan , Newnham Elizabeth A. , Brennan Robert T. 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundWorldwide, over one billion children and adolescents live in war‐affected settings. At present, only limited research has investigated linkages between disrupted social ecology and adverse mental health outcomes among war‐affected youth. In this study, we examine three community‐level characteristics – social disorder and collective efficacy within the community, as reported by caregivers, and perceived stigma as reported by youth – in relation to externalizing behaviors and internalizing symptoms among male and female former child soldiers in postconflict Sierra Leone.MethodsA total of 243 former child soldiers (30% female, mean age at baseline: 16.6 years) and their primary caregivers participated in interviews in 2004 and 2008, as part of a larger prospective cohort study of war‐affected youth in Sierra Leone. Two‐point growth models were estimated to examine the relationship between community‐level characteristics and externalizing and internalizing outcomes across the time points.ResultsBoth social disorder within the community, reported by caregivers, and perceived stigma, reported by youth, positively covaried with youths' externalizing and internalizing scores – indicating that higher levels of each at baseline and follow‐up were associated with higher levels of mental health problems at both time points (p < .05). The relationship between collective efficacy and mental health outcomes was nonsignificant (p > .05).ConclusionsThis study offers a rare glimpse into the role that the postconflict social context plays in shaping the mental health among former child soldiers. Results indicate that both social disorder and perceived stigma within the community demonstrate an important relationship to externalizing and internalizing problems among adolescent ex‐combatants. Moreover, these relationships persisted over a 4‐year period of follow‐up. These results underscore the importance of the postconflict social environment and the need to develop postconflict interventions that address community‐level processes in addition to the needs of families and individuals.
Mothers' prenatal stress and their children's antisocial outcomes – a moderating role for the Dopamine D4 Receptor (DRD4) gene
Authors: Zohsel Katrin , Buchmann Arlette F. , Blomeyer Dorothea , Hohm Erika , Schmidt Martin H. , Esser Günter , Brandeis Daniel , Banaschewski Tobias , Laucht Manfred 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundMaternal distress during pregnancy has been linked to aggressive behavior in offspring. This effect has been interpreted in terms of ‘fetal programming’. The 7‐repeat (7r) allele of a VNTR polymorphism in exon III of the human dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) has consistently been associated with externalizing behavior problems, especially in the presence of adverse environmental factors. So far, it is not known whether the DRD4 genotype moderates the effect of prenatal maternal stress on the development of childhood antisocial behavior.MethodsAs part of an ongoing epidemiological cohort study, prenatal maternal stress was assessed using self‐report 3 months following child birth. When children were 8, 11, and 15 years old, mothers rated their children's externalizing behavior, and diagnoses of conduct disorder and/or oppositional defiant disorder (CD/ODD) according to DSM‐IV were obtained. In a sample of N = 308 participants, the effects of the DRD4 genotype, prenatal maternal stress, and the interaction thereof on antisocial outcome were tested.ResultsUnder conditions of elevated prenatal maternal stress, children carrying one or two DRD4 7r alleles were at increased risk of a diagnosis of CD/ODD. Moreover, homozygous carriers of the DRD4 7r allele displayed more externalizing behavior following exposure to higher levels of prenatal maternal stress, while homozygous carriers of the DRD4 4r allele turned out to be insensitive to the effects of prenatal stress.ConclusionsThis study is the first to report a gene–environment interaction related to DRD4 and prenatal maternal stress using data from a prospective study, which extends earlier findings on the impact of prenatal maternal stress with respect to childhood antisocial behavior.
Surgical Treatment Options for Grafting Areas of Gingival Recession Association with Cervical Lesions: A Review
Authors: Bignozzi Isabella , Littarru Cristiano , Crea Alessandro , Vittorini Orgeas Gianluca , Landi Luca 
Published: October 2013

AbstractStatement of the ProblemGingival recession (GR) is a highly prevalent dental problem that may be associated with dentin hypersensitivity and aesthetic complaint. Furthermore, GR is often complicated by dental cervical wear of substance, such as erosion, abrasion, or abfraction lesions, as well as initial or more extensive carious involvement of the cervical area, which worsen the symptoms and make the treatment of this periodontal condition more challenging.The Purpose of the StudyTo provide an overview of surgical treatment options presented in the literature for sites affected by GR with carious cervical lesions (CCLs) or non‐carious cervical lesions (NCCLs).MethodsThe Medline database was searched for items dealing with GR and its treatment options, especially on GR associated with CCLs or NCCLs.ResultsSeveral periodontal surgical techniques have shown good potential for treating GR over the years. Specifically, considering GR associated with CCL or NCCL, an assessment of both hard (dental) and soft (gingival) tissue characteristics of the involved site is recommended in selecting the surgical procedure.ConclusionsFor GR associated with CCL or NCCL, hard and soft tissue characteristics of the involved site have to be carefully evaluated in order to choose the most appropriate surgical procedure.Clinical SignificanceA structured decision‐making process, considering both hard and soft tissue characteristics of the involved site, is recommended in choosing the most appropriate surgical procedures to treat GR associated with CCL or NCCL defects. The restitutio ad integrum of the dento‐periodontal unit is an essential condition to restore the tooth to its original function and esthetics.
A novel function for proSAAS as an amyloid anti‐aggregant in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Hoshino Akina , Helwig Michael , Rezaei Sina , Berridge Casey , Eriksen Jason L. , Lindberg Iris 
Published: October 2013

AbstractNeurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) are characterized by an abnormal aggregation of misfolded beta‐sheet rich proteins such as β‐amyloid (Aβ). Various ubiquitously expressed molecular chaperones control the correct folding of cellular proteins and prevent the accumulation of harmful species. We here describe a novel anti‐aggregant chaperone function for the neuroendocrine protein proSAAS, an abundant secretory polypeptide that is widely expressed within neural and endocrine tissues and which has previously been associated with neurodegenerative disease in various proteomics studies. In the brains of 12‐month‐old APdE9 mice, and in the cortex of a human AD‐affected brain, proSAAS immunoreactivity was highly colocalized with amyloid pathology. Immunoreactive proSAAS co‐immunoprecipitated with Aβ immunoreactivity in lysates from APdE9 mouse brains. In vitro, proSAAS efficiently prevented the fibrillation of Aβ1–42 at molar ratios of 1 : 10, and this anti‐aggregation effect was dose dependent. Structure‐function studies showed that residues 97–180 were sufficient for the anti‐aggregation function against Aβ. Finally, inclusion of recombinant proSAAS in the medium of Neuro2a cells, as well as lentiviral‐mediated proSAAS over‐expression, blocked the neurocytotoxic effect of Aβ1–42 in Neuro2a cells. Taken together, our results suggest that proSAAS may play a role in Alzheimer's disease pathology.
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In this study, we describe a novel anti‐aggregant function for the neuroendocrine protein, proSAAS. We found that proSAAS co‐localizes with Aβ in Alzheimer's disease‐affected brains, and co‐immunoprecipitates with Aβ in brain extracts. In vitro, proSAAS efficiently prevents Aβ1–42 fibrillation, and also blocks Aβ1–42–mediated neurotoxicity. These results suggest that proSAAS may be a novel target for neurodegenerative disease therapy.
Three‐dimensional skeletal kinematics of the shoulder girdle and forelimb in walking Alligator
Authors: Baier David B. , Gatesy Stephen M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractCrocodylians occupy a key phylogenetic position for investigations of archosaur locomotor evolution. Compared to the well‐studied hindlimb, relatively little is known about the skeletal movements and mechanics of the forelimb. In this study, we employed manual markerless XROMM (X‐ray Reconstruction Of Moving Morphology) to measure detailed 3‐D kinematics of the shoulder girdle and forelimb bones of American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) walking on a treadmill. Digital models of the interclavicle, scapulocoracoid, humerus, radius and ulna were created using a 3‐D laser scanner. Models were articulated and aligned to simultaneously recorded frames of fluoroscopic and standard light video to reconstruct and measure joint motion. Joint coordinate systems were established for the coracosternal, glenohumeral and elbow joints. Our analysis revealed that the limb joints only account for about half of fore/aft limb excursion; the remaining excursion results from shoulder girdle movements and lateral bending of the vertebral column. Considerable motion of each scapulocoracoid relative to the vertebral column is consistent with coracosternal mobility. The hemisellar design of the glenohumeral joint permits some additional translation, or sliding in the fore‐aft plane, but this movement does not have much of an effect on the distal excursion of the bone.
Effect of a Health Belief Model‐based nursing intervention on Chinese patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Wang Ying , Zang Xiao‐Ying , Bai Jinbing , Liu Su‐Yan , Zhao Yue , Zhang Qing 
Published: October 2013

Aims and objectivesTo test the effect of a Health Belief Model‐based nursing intervention on healthcare outcomes in Chinese patients with moderate to severe COPD.BackgroundThe Health Belief Model (HBM) has been internationally validated in a variety of chronic conditions. However, nursing intervention based on the HBM is less explored in Chinese patients with COPD.DesignA randomised controlled trial.MethodsEnrolled patients were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. Patients in the intervention group received a 20‐ to 30‐minute HBM‐based nursing intervention every 2 days during the hospitalisation period after disease conditions were stable, with additional follow‐ups after discharge. Patients in the control group received routine nursing care.ResultsPatients had significantly increased scores of health belief and self‐efficacy after receiving the HBM‐based nursing intervention. After receiving the 3‐month follow‐up, patients in the intervention group had significantly higher mean total scores in the Health Belief Scale and the COPD Self‐Efficacy Scale, as well as in all the subscales, than those in the control group except the perceived disease seriousness. Results showed that the value of FEV1/FVC ratio had a significant difference between study groups before and after the intervention. Results also indicated that mean scores of the Dyspnea Scale, 6‐minute walking distance and ADL were significantly different between the groups and between the study time‐points.ConclusionsAmong patients with moderate to severe COPD, nursing intervention based on the HBM can enhance their health belief and self‐efficacy towards the disease management, decrease dyspnoea and improve exercise tolerance and ADL.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses can use the HBM‐based intervention to enhance patients' health belief and self‐efficacy towards the management of COPD, and subsequently benefit healthcare outcomes.