bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Laboratory Features Distinguishing Juvenile Polymyositis and Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Mamyrova Gulnara , Katz James D. , Jones Robert V. , Targoff Ira N. , Lachenbruch Peter A. , Jones Olcay Y. , Miller Frederick W. , Rider Lisa G. ,   the Childhood Myositis Heterogeneity Collaborative Study Group
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveTo differentiate juvenile polymyositis (PM) and muscular dystrophy, both of which may present with chronic muscle weakness and inflammation.MethodsWe studied 39 patients with probable or definite juvenile PM and 9 patients with muscular dystrophies who were initially misdiagnosed as having juvenile PM. Differences in demographic, clinical, and laboratory results; outcomes; and treatment responses were evaluated by Fisher's exact and rank sum tests. Random forests classification analysis and logistic regression were performed to examine significant differences in multivariable models.ResultsClinical features and serum muscle enzyme levels were similar between juvenile PM and dystrophy patients, except 89% of dystrophy patients had muscle atrophy compared with 46% of juvenile PM patients. Dystrophy patients had a longer delay to diagnosis (median 12 versus 4 months) and were less frequently hospitalized than juvenile PM patients (22% versus 74%). No dystrophy patients, but 54% of juvenile PM patients, had a myositis autoantibody. Dystrophy patients more frequently had myopathic features on muscle biopsy, including diffuse variation of myofiber size, fiber hypertrophy, and myofiber fibrosis (44–100% versus 8–53%). Juvenile PM patients more frequently had complex repetitive discharges on electromyography and a complete response to treatment with prednisone or other immunosuppressive agents than dystrophy patients (44% versus 0%). Random forests analysis revealed that the most important features in distinguishing juvenile PM from dystrophies were myositis autoantibodies, clinical muscle atrophy, and myofiber size variation on biopsy. Logistic regression confirmed muscle atrophy, myofiber fibrosis, and hospitalization as significant predictors.ConclusionMuscular dystrophy can present similarly to juvenile PM. Selected clinical and laboratory features are helpful in combination in distinguishing these conditions.
Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients With Osteoarthritis: A Prospective Longitudinal Study
Authors: Rahman M. Mushfiqur , Kopec Jacek A. , Anis Aslam H. , Cibere Jolanda , Goldsmith Charlie H. 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveTo determine the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among osteoarthritis (OA) patients using population‐based administrative data from British Columbia, Canada.MethodsThe medical history of a random sample of 600,000 individuals from 1991–2009 was analyzed. A total of 12,745 OA cases and up to 3 non‐OA individuals matched by age, sex, and year of diagnosis were followed for CVD events. Cox proportional hazards and Poisson regression models were used to estimate the relative risks (RRs) of CVD, myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease (IHD), congestive heart failure (CHF), and stroke after adjusting for available sociodemographic and medical factors.ResultsOA was an independent predictor of CVD. The adjusted RRs were 1.15 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.04–1.27), 1.26 (95% CI 1.13–1.42), and 1.17 (95% CI 1.07–1.26) among older men, younger women, and older women, respectively. Analyses were stratified by age and sex due to statistically significant interactions between OA and age and sex. RRs among older men, younger women, and older women were 1.33 (95% CI 1.11–1.62), 1.66 (95% CI 1.37–2.01), and 1.45 (95% CI 1.22–1.72) for IHD, respectively, and 1.25 (95% CI 1.02–1.54), 1.29 (95% CI 1.00–1.68), and 1.20 (95% CI 1.03–1.39) for CHF, respectively. Compared to non‐OA individuals, OA cases who underwent total joint replacements had a 26% increased risk of CVD.ConclusionThis prospective longitudinal study suggests that OA is associated with an increased risk of CVD. Older men and adult women with OA had a higher risk of CVD, particularly IHD and CHF. Further studies are needed to confirm these results and to elucidate the potential biologic mechanisms.
Association of Incident Symptomatic Hip Osteoarthritis With Differences in Hip Shape by Active Shape Modeling: The Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project
Authors: Nelson Amanda E. , Liu Felix , Lynch John A. , Renner Jordan B. , Schwartz Todd A. , Lane Nancy E. , Jordan Joanne M. 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveTo investigate hip shape by active shape modeling (ASM) as a potential predictor of incident radiographic hip osteoarthritis (RHOA) and symptomatic hip osteoarthritis (SRHOA).MethodsAll hips developing RHOA from baseline (Kellgren/Lawrence [K/L] grade 0/1) to mean 6‐year followup (K/L grade ≥2, 190 hips) and 1:1 control hips (K/L grade 0/1 at both times, 192 hips) were included. Proximal femur shape was defined on baseline anteroposterior pelvis radiographs and submitted to ASM, producing a mean shape and continuous variables representing independent modes of shape variation. Mode scores (n = 14, explaining 95% of shape variance) were simultaneously included in logistic regression models with incident RHOA and SRHOA as dependent variables, adjusted for intraperson correlations, sex, race, body mass index (BMI), baseline K/L grade, and/or symptoms.ResultsWe evaluated 382 hips from 342 individuals: 61% women and 83% white, with mean age 62 years and mean BMI 29 kg/m2. Several modes differed by sex and race, but no modes were associated with incident RHOA overall. Among men only, modes 1 and 2 were significantly associated (for a 1‐SD decrease in mode 1 score: odds ratio [OR] 1.7 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.1–2.5] and for a 1‐SD increase in mode 2 score: OR 1.5 [95% CI 1.0–2.2]) with incident RHOA. A 1‐SD decrease in mode 2 or 3 score increased the odds of SRHOA by 50%.ConclusionThis study confirms other reports that variations in proximal femur shape have a modest association with incident hip OA. The observation of proximal femur shape associations with hip symptoms requires further investigation.
Cutaneous Adverse Events During Treatment of Chronic Inflammatory Rheumatic Conditions With Tumor Necrosis Factor Antagonists: Study Using the Spanish Registry of Adverse Events of Biological Therapies in Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Hernández Mª Victoria , Sanmartí Raimon , Cañete Juan D. , Descalzo Miguel A. , Alsina Mercè , Carmona Loreto , Gomez‐Reino Juan J. ,   on behalf of the BIOBADASER 2.0 Study Group
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveTo analyze the incidence rate (IR) and risk factors of cutaneous adverse events (CAE) in patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases treated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists.MethodsWe analyzed all patients from the BIOBADASER (Base de Datos de Productos Biológicos de la Sociedad Española de Reumatología) registry treated with a TNF antagonist (infliximab, etanercept, or adalimumab). Data collected included age, sex, diagnosis and duration of rheumatic disease, type of TNF antagonist, and concomitant treatment. Type of CAE was classified as local or systemic cutaneous manifestation related to treatment administration (infusion reaction), infection, malignancy, or autoimmune skin disease. Time of onset of CAE and outcome were also recorded. The IRs of CAE per 1,000 patient‐years of exposure with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated. Multivariable analysis was performed to identify potential risk factors for CAE.ResultsA total of 5,437 patients were included, representing 17,330 patient‐years of exposure. A total of 920 CAE were reported; the IRs per 1,000 patient‐years were 53 (95% CI 50–57) for CAE, 28 (95% CI 25–30) for infection, 15 (95% CI 13–17) for infusion reactions, 5 (95% CI 4–6) for autoimmune skin diseases, and 3 (95% CI 2–4) for skin malignancy. The mean time between starting TNF antagonist treatment and CAE was 1.78 years. In 32% of patients, CAE required TNF antagonist withdrawal. The main risk factors for CAE were female sex and treatment with infliximab, leflunomide, and glucocorticoids.ConclusionThe IR of CAE in patients treated with TNF antagonists is significant and should be addressed carefully, and withdrawal of therapy is required in some cases.
Blue–Green Emission in Terbium‐Doped Alumina (Tb:Al2O3) Transparent Ceramics
Authors: Penilla Elias H. , Kodera Yasuhiro , Garay Javier E. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAlumina (Al2O3) is one of the most versatile ceramics, utilized in an amazing range of structural and optical applications. In fact, chromium‐doped single crystal Al2O3was the basis for the first laser. Today, most photoluminescent (PL) materials rely on rare earth (RE) rather than transition‐metal dopants because RE doping produces greater efficiencies and lower lasing thresholds. RE‐doped alumina could provide an extremely versatile PL ceramic, opening the door for a host of new applications and devices. However, producing a transparent RE:Al2O3suitable for PL applications is a major challenge due to the very low equilibrium solubility of RE (∼10−3%) in Al2O3in addition to alumina's optical anisotropy. A method is presented here to successfully incorporate Tb3+ions up to a concentration of 0.5 at% into a dense alumina matrix, achieving a transparent light‐emitting ceramic. Sub‐micrometer alumina and nanometric RE oxide powders are simultaneously densified and reacted using current‐activated, pressure‐assisted densification (CAPAD), often called spark plasma sintering (SPS). These doped ceramics have a high transmission (∼75% at 800 nm) and display PL peaks centered at 485 nm and 543 nm, characteristic of Tb3+emission. Additionally, the luminescent lifetimes are long and compare favorably with lifetimes of other laser ceramics. The high transparencies and PL properties of these ceramics have exciting prospects for high energy laser technology.
De novo 15q13.3 microdeletion with cryptogenic west syndrome
Authors: Lacaze Elodie , Gruchy Nicolas , Penniello‐Valette Marie‐José , Plessis Ghislaine , Richard Nicolas , Decamp Mathieu , Mittre Hervé , Leporrier Nathalie , Andrieux Joris , Kottler Marie‐Laure , Gerard Marion 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTWest syndrome is a well‐recognized form of epilepsy, defined by a triad of infantile spasms, hypsarrhythmia and developmental arrest. West syndrome is heterogenous, caused by mutations of genes ARX, STXBP1, KCNT1 among others; 16p13.11 and 17q21.31 microdeletions are less frequent, usually associated with intellectual disability and facial dysmorphism. So‐called “idiopathic” West syndrome is of better prognostic, without prior intellectual deficiency and usually responsive to anti‐epileptic treatment. We report on a boy falling within the scope of idiopathic West syndrome, with no dysmorphic features and normal development before the beginning of West syndrome, with a good resolution after treatment, bearing a de novo 15q13.3 microdeletion. Six genes are located in the deleted region, including CHRNA7, which encodes a subunit of a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, and is frequently associated with epilepsy. Exploration of the 15q13.3 region should be proposed in idiopathic West syndrome. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of emulsion parameters on relaxation behaviors for immiscible polymer blends
Authors: Xu Lin‐Qiong , Huang Han‐Xiong , Chen Zhao‐Ke , Wu Xiong‐Jun 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThe relaxation behaviors of the binary immiscible blends reflected on the plots of the storage modulus and the imaginary part of complex viscosity were investigated using the Maxwell and the Palierne models. It was revealed that the peaks in the high‐ and low‐frequency regions on the complex viscosity imaginary part plot are owing to the relaxations of the blend and deformed dispersed droplets, respectively. Based on these two models, six emulsion parameters (interfacial tension, relaxation times and viscosities of two components, and dispersed phase volume fraction) were investigated in terms of their effects on the shape features of the plots of the imaginary part of complex viscosity and the Cole–Cole. The results showed that the viscosities of two components and dispersed phase volume fraction play key roles in the radii of the two circular arcs on the Cole–Cole plot. Furthermore, the two circular arcs are well separated in the case of lower interfacial tensions and dispersed phase viscosities, shorter matrix relaxation times, and higher matrix viscosities and dispersed phase volume fractions. The total relaxation time of the deformed dispersed droplets increases with increasing the viscosities of two components, especially with decreasing the interfacial tension. Three types of polymer blends were prepared and their dynamic frequency sweep testing results demonstrated the effectiveness of the corresponding predicted results. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39690.
Effects of CH2CH2CF3 on properties of RTV polysiloxane rubber: Processability, thermal stability, and oil/solvent resistance
Authors: Li Bo , Chen Shuangjun , Zhang Jun 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTRoom temperature vulcanizing fluorosilicone rubbers (FSRs) were prepared from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), vinyl fluorosilicone‐oil (VFS‐oil), and precipitated silica (PDMS/VFS/SiO2). Rheological tests showed appropriate processing condition could be obtained when shear rate > 10 s−1. Mechanical tests indicated that tensile strength and elongation at break were not much affected by VFS‐oil and no decline was observed after being aged in 70 °C ASTM 1# oil. The CF3 group could not only increase oil‐resistance, but also decrease surface energy, which were proved by ATR‐FTIR and contact angle tests. The PDMS oil immersion tests showed that the higher the content of VFS‐oil, the better oil resistance can be obtained. The solvent‐resistance tests indicated that the VFS‐oil improved resistance to nonpolar/low‐polar solvent. TGA results showed that the increasing content of VFS‐oil could slightly decrease FSRs' thermal stability but increase FSRs' residual mass ratio at 790°C. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39708.
Atomic Force Microscopy Study of the Effects of Water‐Soluble Fullerenes on the Elasticity of Living Plant Cells
Authors: Zhang Xuejie , Liu Qiaoling , Xia Tie , Li Nan , He Kangmin , Wang Chunru , Tan Weihong , Fang Xiaohong 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn this work, atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to characterize the elastic properties of a living suspension of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Bright Yellow (BY‐2) cells and to investigate the changes in plant‐cell elasticity that were induced by water‐soluble C70 fullerene derivatives. The results revealed different effects of the three fullerene derivatives that had different numbers of carboxylic groups on the cell elasticity. BY‐2 cells that were repressed by dimalonic‐acid‐modified C70 fullerenes (DiF70) and trimalonic‐acid‐modified C70 fullerenes (TriF70) showed a clear decrease in their Young′s modulus. However, the Young′s modulus of cells that were treated with tetramalonic‐acid‐modified C70 fullerenes (TetraF70) increased. Disruption of the actin cytoskeleton arrangement was observed following treatment with DiF70 and TriF70, but not with TetraF70. Moreover, the fullerene‐induced cell‐elasticity change was consistent with the change in cell‐proliferation rate. This work provides a new approach and valuable information for the study of the biological effect of nanomaterials on plant cells.
Oxygenation of Ruthenium Carbene Complexes Containing Naphthothiophene or Naphthofuran: Spectroscopic and DFT Studies
Authors: Tsai Fu‐Yuan , Lo Ji‐Xian , Hsu Hsin‐Tzu , Lin Ying‐Chih , Huang Shou‐Ling , Wang Ju‐Chun , Liu Yi‐Hong 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe aryl propargylic alcohol 1‐[2‐(thiophen‐3‐yl)phenyl]prop‐2‐yn‐1‐ol (1a) is readily prepared from 2‐(thiophen‐3‐yl)benzaldehyde. In the presence of visible light, treatment of 1a with one‐half mole equivalent of [Ru]Cl ([Ru]Cp(dppe)Ru) (dppe=1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane) and NH4PF6 in O2 affords the naphtha[2,1‐b]thiophene‐4‐carbaldehyde (4a) in high yields. The cyclization reaction of 1a proceeds through the formation of the carbene complex 2a that contains the naphtha[2,1‐b]thiophene ring, which is isolated in a 1:1 stoichiometric reaction. The CC bond formation between the inner carbon of the terminal triple bond and the heterocyclic ring is confirmed by structure determination of 2a using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Facile oxygenation of 2a by O2 yields the aldehyde product 4a accompanied by the formation of phosphine oxide of dppe. Oxygen is most likely activated by coordination to the ruthenium center when one PPh2 unit of the dppe ligand dissociates. This dissociated PPh2 unit then reacts with the coordinated oxygen nearby to generate half‐oxidized dppe ligand and an unobserved oxo–carbene intermediate. Coupling of the oxo/carbene ligands followed by demetalation then yields 4a. Presumably the resulting complex with the half‐oxidized dppe ligand continuously promotes cyclization/oxygenation of 1a to yield the second aldehyde molecule. In alcohol such as MeOH or EtOH, the oxygenation reaction affords a mixture of 4a and the corresponding esters 5a or 5a'. Four other aryl propargylic alcohols 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, which contain thiophen‐2‐yl, isopropenyl, fur‐3‐yl, and fur‐2‐yl, respectively, on the aryl ring are also prepared. Analogous aldehydes 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e are similarly prepared from 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, respectively. For oxygenations of 1b, 1d, and 1e in alcohol, mixtures of aldehyde 4, ester 5, and acetal 8 are obtained. The carbene complex 2b obtained from 1b was also characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The UV/Vis spectra of 2a and 2b consist of absorption bands with a high extinction coefficient. From DFT calculations on 2a and 2b, the visible light is found to populate the LUMO antibonding orbital of mainly RuC bonds, thereby weakening the RuC bond and promoting the oxygenation/demetalation reactions of 2.
Time‐dependent inhibition of CYP3A4 by sertraline, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
Authors: Masubuchi Yasuhiro , Kawaguchi Yuki 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTDrug–drug interactions associated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are widely known. A major interaction by SSRIs is the inhibition of cytochrome P450 (P450)‐mediated hepatic drug metabolism. The SSRI, sertraline, is also reported to increase the blood concentration of co‐administered drugs. The potency of sertraline directly to inhibit hepatic drug metabolism is relatively weak compared with the other SSRIs, implying that additional mechanisms are involved in the interactions. The study examined whether sertraline produces time‐dependent inhibition of CYP3A4 and/or other P450 enzymes. Incubation of human liver microsomes with sertraline in the presence of NADPH resulted in marked decreases in testosterone 6β‐hydroxylation activities, indicating that sertraline metabolism leads to CYP3A4 inactivation. This inactivation required NADPH and was not protected by glutathione. No significant inactivation was observed for other P450 enzymes. Spectroscopic evaluation revealed that microsomes with and without sertraline in the presence of NADPH gave a Soret peak at 455 nm, suggesting the formation of metabolic intermediate (MI) complexes of sertraline metabolite(s) with the reduced form of P450. This is the first report indicating that sertraline produced time‐dependent inhibition of CYP3A4, which may be associated with MI complex formation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the synthesis of short chain fatty acids
Authors: Leber Christopher , Da Silva Nancy A. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTCarbon feedstocks from fossilized sources are being rapidly depleted due to rising demand for industrial and commercial applications. Many petroleum‐derived chemicals can be directly or functionally substituted with chemicals derived from renewable feedstocks. Several short chain organic acids may fulfill this role using their functional groups as a target for chemical catalysis. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was engineered to produce short chain carboxylic acids (C6 to C10) from glucose using the heterologous Homo sapiens type I fatty acid synthase (hFAS). This synthase was activated by phosphopantetheine transfereases AcpS and Sfp from Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, respectively, both in vitro and in vivo. hFAS was produced in the holo‐form and produced carboxylic acids in vitro, confirmed by NADPH and ADIFAB assays. Overexpression of hFAS in a yeast FAS2 knockout strain, deficient in de novo fatty acid synthesis, demonstrated the full functional replacement of the native fungal FAS by hFAS. Two active heterologous short chain thioesterases (TEs) from Cuphea palustris (CpFatB1) and Rattus norvegicus (TEII) were evaluated for short chain fatty acid (SCFA) synthesis in vitro and in vivo. Three hFAS mutants were constructed: a mutant deficient in the native TE domain, a mutant with a linked CpFatB1 TE and a mutant with a linked TEII TE. Using the native yeast fatty acid synthase for growth, the overexpression of the hFAS mutants and the short‐chain TEs (linked or plasmid‐based) increased in vivo caprylic acid and total SCFA production up to 64‐fold (63 mg/L) and 52‐fold (68 mg/L), respectively, over the native yeast levels. Combined over‐expression of the phosphopantetheine transferase with the hFAS mutant resulted in C8 titers of up to 82 mg/L and total SCFA titers of up to 111 mg/L. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 347–358. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Addition of Sulfonic Acids to Terminal Alkynes Catalyzed by a Rhodium Complex: Ligand Concentration‐Controlled Reaction Selectivity
Authors: Yang Yong , Moschetta Eric G. , Rioux Robert M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA Rh‐catalyzed process for the regioselective formation of vinyl sulfonate esters in moderate to high yields through the hydrosulfonation of alkynes with sulfonic acids has been developed. Our synthetic approach is capable of adding a variety of alkynes to a set of sulfonic acids and is amenable to different phosphorus ligands, solvents, and Rh precursors. We control the chemo‐ and regioselectivity of the reaction to the Markovnikov vinyl sulfonate ester by tuning the concentration of the exogenous ligand, PPh3, which forms the active RhP species in situ. At lower PPh3 concentrations, the reaction favors the formation of vinyl sulfonate esters, whereas at higher PPh3 concentrations, the reaction favors the formation of vinylphosphonium salts. We perform Hammett analyses and kinetic isotope effect experiments to determine the steps of the catalytic mechanism. Reaction data for substituted acetylenes indicates syn and anti addition occur across the triple bond. Experiments performed with the vinylphosphonium salt as the exogenous ligand determined that the formation of the salt was not a necessary step in the catalytic mechanism for the direct formation of the vinyl sulfonate esters.
Melt Index Prediction by Fuzzy Functions and Weighted Least Squares Support Vector Machines
Authors: Zhang M. , Liu X. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe melt index (MI) is considered as one of the most important quality variables to determine propylene product specifications. Reliable prediction of the MI is significant in practical propylene polymerization (PP) processes. This paper presents novel predictive fuzzy functions (FF), combining the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and weighted least squares support vector machines (WLS‐SVM) to infer MI from real PP process variables, where the FF utilize WLS‐SVM for regression models to calculate the parameters and the PSO algorithm further optimizes the model. Research on the proposed FF model is carried out with the data from a real PP plant and the results are compared among the standard SVM, FF‐LS‐SVM, FF‐WLS‐SVM, and PSO‐FF‐WLS‐SVM models. The results show that the model developed here can be a powerful tool for online MI prediction.