bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technology-Enhanced Simulation and Pediatric Education: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Cheng Adam , Lang Tara R. , Starr Stephanie R. , Pusic Martin , Cook David A. 
Published: April 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Pediatrics has embraced technology-enhanced simulation (TES) as an educational modality, but its effectiveness for pediatric education remains unclear. The objective of this study was to describe the characteristics and evaluate the effectiveness of TES for pediatric education.METHODS:This review adhered to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) standards. A systematic search of Medline, Embase, CINAHL, ERIC, Web of Science, Scopus, key journals, and previous review bibliographies through May 2011 and an updated Medline search through October 2013 were conducted. Original research articles in any language evaluating the use of TES for educating health care providers at any stage, where the content solely focuses on patients 18 years or younger, were selected. Reviewers working in duplicate abstracted information on learners, clinical topic, instructional design, study quality, and outcomes. We coded skills (simulated setting) separately for time and nontime measures and similarly classified patient care behaviors and patient effects.RESULTS:We identified 57 studies (3666 learners) using TES to teach pediatrics. Effect sizes (ESs) were pooled by using a random-effects model. Among studies comparing TES with no intervention, pooled ESs were large for outcomes of knowledge, nontime skills (eg, performance in simulated setting), behaviors with patients, and time to task completion (ES = 0.80–1.91). Studies comparing the use of high versus low physical realism simulators showed small to moderate effects favoring high physical realism (ES = 0.31–0.70).CONCLUSIONS:TES for pediatric education is associated with large ESs in comparison with no intervention. Future research should include comparative studies that identify optimal instructional methods and incorporate pediatric-specific issues into educational interventions.
Childhood Sexual Abuse and Suicidal Behavior: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Devries Karen M. , Mak Joelle Y. T. , Child Jennifer C. , Falder Gail , Bacchus Loraine J. , Astbury Jill , Watts Charlotte H. 
Published: April 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Self-inflicted injuries are one of the major causes of disease burden and death globally. Understanding the extent to which this is associated with childhood sexual abuse (CSA) exposure can help inform prevention strategies. We aimed to quantify to what extent CSA was associated with incident suicide attempts in men and women.

METHODS:
We searched 20 health and social science databases from first record until February 2009 and updated the search in Medline from February 2009 to February 1, 2013. Longitudinal studies and cotwin analyses from twin studies in any population from any year were eligible for inclusion. Of 22 235 abstracts screened as part of a series of reviews, 9 studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. Characteristics, effect estimates, and quality data were extracted. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to generate pooled odds ratios (ORs).

RESULTS:
Seven longitudinal and 2 twin studies with 8733 participants met the inclusion criteria. The overall pooled estimate for longitudinal studies was OR = 2.43 (95% confidence interval: 1.94–3.05), I2 = 87.5%, P &lt; .0001. The pooled OR from cotwin analysis was 2.65 (95% confidence interval: 0.82–4.49, I2 = 0%, P = .867). Studies adjusted for a range of confounders, but baseline suicidal behavior was not well-controlled. Too few studies met the inclusion criteria to quantitatively examine sources of heterogeneity.

CONCLUSIONS:
CSA exposure is associated with suicide attempts when a range of different confounders are controlled for, but the temporality of the association is not well established, and the association is highly heterogeneous.
Prenatal SSRI Use and Offspring With Autism Spectrum Disorder or Developmental Delay
Authors: Harrington Rebecca A. , Lee Li-Ching , Crum Rosa M. , Zimmerman Andrew W. , Hertz-Picciotto Irva 
Published: April 2014

OBJECTIVE:
To examine associations between prenatal use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and the odds of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and other developmental delays (DDs).

METHODS:
A total of 966 mother-child pairs were evaluated (492 ASD, 154 DD, 320 typical development [TD]) from the Childhood Autism Risks from Genetics and the Environment (CHARGE) Study, a population-based case-control study. Standardized measures confirmed developmental status. Interviews with biological mothers ascertained prenatal SSRI use, maternal mental health history, and sociodemographic information.

RESULTS:
Overall, prevalence of prenatal SSRI exposure was lowest in TD children (3.4%) but did not differ significantly from ASD (5.9%) or DD (5.2%) children. Among boys, prenatal SSRI exposure was nearly 3 times as likely in children with ASD relative to TD (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 2.91; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07–7.93); the strongest association occurred with first-trimester exposure (OR: 3.22; 95% CI: 1.17–8.84). Exposure was also elevated among boys with DD (OR: 3.39; 95% CI: 0.98–11.75) and was strongest in the third trimester (OR: 4.98; 95% CI: 1.20–20.62). Findings were similar among mothers with an anxiety or mood disorder history.

CONCLUSIONS:
In boys, prenatal exposure to SSRIs may increase susceptibility to ASD or DD. Findings from published studies on SSRIs and ASD continues to be inconsistent. Potential recall bias and residual confounding by indication are concerns. Larger samples are needed to replicate DD results. Because maternal depression itself carries risks for the fetus, the benefits of prenatal SSRI use should be carefully weighed against potential harms.
Efficacy and Tolerability of Different Starting Doses of Sorafenib in Patients With Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Dadu Ramona , Waguespack Steven G. , Sherman Steven I. , Hu Mimi I. , Busaidy Naifa L. , Jimenez Camilo , Habra Mohammed A. , Ying Anita K. , Bassett Roland L. , Cabanillas Maria E. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Background.
Sorafenib has proven efficacy in advanced differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), but many patients must reduce the dose or discontinue treatment because of toxicity. The tolerability and efficacy of lower starting doses of sorafenib for DTC remain largely unstudied.

Methods.
We retrospectively examined overall survival, time to treatment failure, time to progression, discontinuation rates, and dose-reduction and interruption rates in patients with metastatic DTC treated with first-line sorafenib outside of a clinical trial. Two patient groups were compared; group 1 received the standard starting dose of 800 mg/day, and group 2 received any dose lower than 800 mg/day.

Results.
We included 75 adult patients, with 51 in group 1 and 24 in group 2. Mean age at diagnosis was 54 years, and 56% were male. The most common histologies included 43% papillary thyroid cancer of the conventional type, 15% papillary thyroid cancer of the follicular variant, and 15% Hürthle cell carcinoma. Time to treatment failure was 10 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.6–14.3) in group 1 and 8 months (95% CI: 3.4–12.5) in group 2 (p = .56). Median overall survival was 56 months (95% CI: 30.6–81.3) in group 1 and 30 months (95% CI: 16.1–43.8) in group 2 (p = .08). Rates of discontinuation due to disease progression were 79% in group 1 and 91% in group 2, and 21% in group 1 and 9% in group 2 (p = .304) stopped treatment because of toxicity. Dose-reduction rates were 59% and 43% (p = .29), and interruption rates were 65% and 67% (p = .908) in group 1 and group 2, respectively.

Conclusion.
Efficacy and tolerability of sorafenib in treatment-naïve DTC patients does not appear to be negatively influenced by lower starting daily doses.
Fahr Syndrome: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Mrunal Milind Deshpande , Chatterjee Anirban 
Published: April 2014

Introduction: Fahr syndrome, also known as idiopathic basal ganglia calcification, is a rare neurologic disorder of unknown etiology that presents with various general and oral findings. The purpose of this case report is to discuss the oral and general findings associated with Fahr syndrome.Case Presentation: A 33‐year‐old female patient reported to the Department of Periodontics, Oxford Dental College, Bangalore, India, with a complaint of loose teeth for the prior 6 months. Additional investigation showed a wide array of findings, including stunted growth, altered gait, osteoporosis, and increased thyroxine and thyroid stimulating hormone. Intraoral findings revealed oligodontia and severe chronic generalized periodontitis of the remaining teeth. Complete extraction followed by full‐mouth rehabilitation was planned.Conclusion: This case report highlights the need for a dentist to be well informed about the signs and symptoms of Fahr syndrome to aid in the right diagnosis and treatment plan.
Presentations and complications of diabetes patients presenting to diabetic clinic of Eastern Nepal
Authors: Singh Nabin Kumar , Shah Niraj Kumar , Bhandari Amit , Pandey Subhash , Sharma Sanjib Jumar 
Published: April 2014

Objective Diabetes mellitus leads to damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs especially eyes, kidneys, nerves and heart. The latency of occurence of hyperglycemia and diagnosis may be of long duration. This study was aimed to find out the mode of presetation of diabetes mellitus in diabetic patients attending out patients clinic of B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences. Associated complications and comorbid condition present at the time of presenation were also studied.Methods The diabetic patients attending the Diabetic Out Patient Clinic of B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences during June 2006 to June 2007 were included in this study.The patients details were collected from the predefined Proforma for diabetes patient from the database. This included demographic data, biochemical parameters and diabetic complications. For the purpose of study a total of 775 patients were randomly selected.The Data collected were entered and analysed using excel and SPSS(version 11.5)Results Out of 775 cases 436 (56.3%) were male and 339(43.7%) were female. Majority of patients 81.55% (n=632) had osmotic sympmtoms or symptoms related to complication of diabetes at the time of presentation to the clinic. Asymptomatic patient constituted 18.45% (n=143). The most common presenting complaints were polyuria (44.58%), followed by polydypsia (39.62%) and polyphagia (24.88%). About 54.97% (n=426) had symptoms of complications related to diabetes. Among them most common complication was neurological (39.67%), followed by renal (10.8%) metabolic (4.93%), cardiac(4.46%), autonomic neuropathy (4.93%) and peripheral vascular disease (3.99%).Conclusion Majority of the patients presenting in our OPD had osmotic symptoms or symptoms related to complication of diabetes. Access to diabetes care and lack of awareness of the disease and its complication might had contributed to this. Community awareness, program for early detection and managemnet may help proper diabetes care and prevention of complications. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2013, Vol-9, No-3, 25-30
Predictors of perceived importance and acceptance of digital delivery modes in higher education
Authors: Mertens Anne , Stöter Joachim , Zawacki-Richter Olaf 
Published: April 2014

Teaching and assessment in higher education institutions are increasingly supported by digital tools and services. Students, however, perceive and value the importance of such e-learning offerings in very diverse ways. The goal of this article is to examine which predictors significantly influence students’ perceptions of the value of digital learning formats. Based on Küpper's acceptance model, we generate hypotheses that are subsequently tested using data from a German student survey. The results show that individual-related characteristics, especially motivation and orientation patterns of students, have a high impact on the perceived importance of digital learning formats. Our analyses indicate that besides individual performance and motivation, the practical orientation of a student is also a key predictor for a high rating of the importance of digital learning formats. An analysis of characteristics regarding the field of study shows that students who major in economic sciences, especially those who frequently work with digital learning formats in their classes, find them significantly more important than students who major in social science. Regarding innovation-based characteristics, students who express a need for flexible course offerings rate the use of digital learning formats as particularly important. The discussion provides an evaluation of the results of the student study based on the hypotheses and presents further implications.Keywords: digital learning formats; online learning; online learner characteristics; motivation; perceived benefit(Published: 15 April 2014)Citation: Research in Learning Technology 2014, 22: 23342 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v22.23342
L'effet des politiques budgétaires sur l'activité : une fonction des conditions conjoncturelles et du régime budgétaire ?
Authors: Hénin Pierre-Yves , N'Diaye Pape 
Published: April 2014

Effect of Fiscal Policy on Economic Activity : A Function of Cyclical Conditions and the Fiscal System ?
by Pierre-Yves Hénin and Pape N''Diaye
An evaluation of interactions between macroeconomic activity and fiscal policy measured by a balance variable proves disappointing if carried out using a linear reduced-form VAR model. This study adopts an alternative representation, based on Hamilton''s work, which allows a model''s coefficients to vary according to the phase of the cycle and the fiscal system. The effect of fiscal policy on activity is thus reappraised for four OECD countries, first as a function of the cyclical phase and then of mixed systems in relation to cyclical conditions and fiscal policy trends. In several cases, non-neutral, classical or Keynesian effects on the budget were found to be specific to certain systems, although they did not emerge in a linear model. The American situation seemed to be closest to traditional a priori macroeconomics, with significant Keynesian effects in recession.
Le canal du crédit fonctionne-t-il en Europe ? Une étude de l’hétérogénéité des comportements d’investissement à partir de données de bilan agrégées
Authors: Beaudu Anne , Heckel Thomas 
Published: April 2014

Is the Credit Channel Working in Europe ? A Study of Investment Pattern Diversity Using Aggregated Balance-Sheet Data
by Anne Beaudu and Thomas Heckel
This article studies the impact of monetary policy on the real economy in Europe through one particular transmission mechanism : the credit channel. The credit channel involves the existence of information asymmetries in financial markets and changes agents’ financing conditions. According to the credit channel theory, the sensitivity of investment to cash flow should increase following periods of monetary restraint -especially for small firms. To establish the impact of the credit channel on real activity, we test a classical investment model (accelerator-profit) on pseudo-panel data for European countries harmonised by the European Commission (BACH database). The data set contains corporate data aggregated by industry and size for a number of European countries (Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Netherlands, Belgium, Austria and Portugal). Our results show that investment sensitivity to financing conditions is consistent with the credit channel theory and that the impact of monetary shocks in Europe through this channel is a source of asymmetry between countries and between firms of different sizes.
La pente des taux contient-elle de l’information sur l’activité économique future ?
Authors: Sédillot Frank 
Published: April 2014

Term Structure : A Source of Information on Future Economic Activity ?
by Franck Sédillot
In this paper we investigate the link between term structure and growth in France, Germany and the United States by means of two approaches. The first, widely used, consists in regressing the growth rate ofGDPfor yield spread in various ranges. Through the second, less frequently employed for European data, we examine the usefulness of the yield spread for predicting a recession, in this case using a probit model. For both approaches we analyse the in-sample forecasting ability and the out-of-sample accuracy of the outcomes. The stability of the various relations, based on time-varying root mean square errors, is also considered.
Frontières d'efficacité et processus d'appariement sur le marché du travail au Maroc
Authors: Ibourk Aomar , Perelman Sergio 
Published: April 2014

Efficiency Boundaries and Matching Process on the Moroccan Labour Market.
The capacity of a labour market to generate new jobs from a pool of vacant positions and unemployed workers is interpreted as a form of transactional efficiency. It can be measured by estimating a matching function which describes the exchange situation between the demand expressed by businesses and the supply represented by workers looking for a job. In this article, we propose to calculate these estimates using efficiency boundary techniques. Two alternative methods, parametric and non-parametric, are applied to the regional labour markets in Morocco. The results are used to evaluate the matching efficiency on each market and to evaluate the activity of the Employment Information and Orientation Centres (Centres d’Information et d’Orientation pour l’Emploi [ CIOPE]) created in the beginning of the nineties to make it easier to match the supply of graduates to demand.
D'un droit de propriété intellectuelle sur le vivant aux firmes de génomique : vers une marchandisation de la connaissance scientifique sur le génome humain
Authors: Orsi Fabienne , Moatti Jean-Paul 
Published: April 2014

From Intellectual Property Rights on Living Matter to Genomics Firms : towards Selling Scientific Knowledge of the Human Genome.
This article analyses the conditions underlying the emergence of a new generation of biotechnology firms on the American market specialised in the discovery of human genes -a scientific activity previously promoted by public research systems -and the sale of these discoveries. The article shows that, within the specific growth dynamics of the biotechnology sector in the North-American context, the main factor behind the emergence of these firms has been the creation of intellectual property rights on living matter. The development of these rights has led to the patenting of scientific discoveries. The last part of the article discusses the consequences of disseminating the use of patents, particularly in Europe, and the change in status of scientific knowledge triggered by the rise of genomics firms.
Formation dans la production, capital humain, innovation et croissance
Authors: Pautrel Xavier 
Published: April 2014

Production Training, Human Capital, Innovation and Growth.
This article shows how a personal decision to get production training modifies individual education and innovation choices and adds to the complexity of the relations between accumulation of human capital, innovation and growth. It suggests a possible theoretical explanation for the extremely mitigated results of empirical studies conducted with respect to the relation between accumulation of human capital and growth by showing that the accumulation of human capital is very imperfectly accounted for by education and casting light on the role played by the structure of the educational system and innovation activities in the relation between human capital and growth.
Du récit de vie dans l'approche de l'autre
Authors: Bertaux Daniel 
Published: April 2014

Comment se fait-il que la question « qui es-tu ? » induise nécessairement une réponse comportant récit de vie ? L’auteur part de la réponse de Hannah Arendt : parce que nous sommes des êtres historiques. Cela signifie notamment, pour Arendt, que nous sommes comme pris dans des enchâssements successifs de temporalités et d’actions ; mais on peut y ajouter des enchâssements successifs de contextes culturels et sociaux, et de systèmes sémantiques. Un récit de vie met donc en contact, à travers deux personnes, deux réalisations singulières de l’histoire de l’humanité. Leur appartenance commune, leur « commune humanité » est ce qui fait qu’il puisse y avoir communication, au-delà de l’inévitable méconnaissance initiale. A titre d’illustration une enquête de terrain est décrite : des travailleurs sociaux ayant effectué des récits de vie avec des adultes maghrébins qu’ils croyaient fort bien connaître, ont découvert des aspects remarquables de leur personnalité, ce qui a eu aussitôt des conséquences pratiques très positives.
Petite histoire des récits de vie
Authors: Faron Olivier 
Published: April 2014

L’utilisation de récits de vie renvoie aux deux genres historiques spécifiques que sont la biographie et l’enquête orale. Ces deux pratiques ont connu une grande évolution récemment. Il semble nécessaire à la fois de produire de nouveaux documents tout en tenant compte des exigences de validation scientifique. La situation des orphelins de la Première guerre mondiale témoigne de la production de deux types de récits antagonistes. Un récit « exemplaire » de la mort héroïque du père puis de la conduite remarquable des enfants est contrebalancé par un « contre-récit » mélodramatique portant sur les conditions sociales difficiles auxquelles se heurtent les pupilles à la fin des années Trente.
Anatoecusspecies (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from Anseriformes in North America and taxonomic status ofAnatoecus dentatus and Anatoecus icterodes
Authors: Grossi Alexandra A. , Sharanowski Barbara J. , Galloway Terry D. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAnatoecusCummings (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) is a genus of chewing lice with four species infesting Anseriformes in North America:Anatoecus cygni(Denny),Anatoecus dentatus(Scopoli),Anatoecus icterodes(Nitzsch), andAnatoecus penicillatusKéler. Males ofA. dentatusandA. icterodesare distinguishable by their genitalia; however, there are no known anatomical characteristics to distinguish females.Anatoecus dentatusandA. icterodesare recorded from at least 55 of the same host species worldwide. The mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I was examined from the fourAnatoecusspecies, specifically to examine the taxonomic status ofA. dentatusandA. icterodes. When sequences from these species were analysed using neighbour joining analysis,A. dentatusandA. icterodeswere recovered in a well-supported cluster. However,A. dentatusandA. icterodeswere mixed within the same cluster. The average interspecific genetic distance ofA. dentatusandA. icterodes(0.04%) was almost the same as the average intraspecific genetic distances ofA. dentatusandA. icterodes0.02% and 0.05%, respectively. Therefore, we formally synonymiseA. dentatusandA. icterodesasAnatoecus dentatus(new synonymy). In addition two new hosts forA. penicillatuswere recorded:Branta canadensis(Linnaeus) (Anseriformes: Anatidae) andChen caerulescens(Linnaeus) (Anseriformes: Anatidae).