bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF STATURE AS A CLINICAL MEASUREMENT OF AGEING
Authors: DEQUEKER JAN V. , BAEYENS JEAN P. , CLAESSENS JAN 
Published: April 2015

Abstract: A study was made of 140 women (age range, 30 to 94 years) selected at random in a large psychiatric hospital, to determine changes in stature after maturity and the correlation of such age‐associated changes with various body measurements. It was found that:1. There is a statistically significant decrease in stature with age.2. The ratio of body length to armspan is a convenient method for assessing the amount of height loss with age.3. The rate of decrease in stature is about 1.3 cm per age decade.4. Loss of stature with age is best correlated with osteoporosis (metacarpal index) but is also correlated, less significantly, with skinfold thickness on the dorsum of the hands.5. Loss of stature with age is not importantly correlated with osteoarthrosis, as determined by changes in joints of the hand.
MENTAL HEALTH CONSULTATION AND EDUCATION IN NURSING HOMES*
Authors: FRANKEL FRED H. , CLARK ELEANOR 
Published: April 2015

Abstract: As part of an attempt by a teaching hospital to improve care of the patients in a selected group of 12 nursing homes in a metropolitan area, mental health consultation and education was offered to 4 of the 12 facilities for periods varying from a year to three years. The method involved fortnightly discussions with groups consisting of administrative and supervising nursing personnel. The shortcomings of this necessarily cautious and exploratory approach, and the need to include elementary instruction in any program for nursing‐home personnel are discussed. A model program which calls for a serious commitment of time and effort by the participating nursing‐home facilities is outlined.There is no short‐cut to good care of the patient. Mental health principles cannot be taught by brief superficial contact with nursing‐home facilities, and nothing short of commitment and effort on the part of all concerned will make any lasting impact in this growing area that is crucially inadequate. Legislation to ensure minimal standards (already on the books in the form of Medicare and Medicaid) will require for implementation the efforts of the public health and welfare authorities, the medical profession, and the public. Realistic reimbursement of the facilities for their services, and training grants to enable them to meet the costs of in‐service training are an essential part of any plan.
SUPPRESSION OF BACTERIURIA BY METHENAMINE MANDELATE IN AGED HOSPITAL PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC DISEASE
Authors: BOHENSKY FREDERICK B. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract: Therapeutic success in the treatment of urinary‐tract infections in aged patients is admittedly unpredictable because of the high frequency of anatomical urinary‐tract abnormalities and degenerative vascular disease. This preliminary study involved 90 aged patients in a chronic disease hospital. Before the study began, 65 of the 90 patients had bacteriuria; during approximately four weeks of methenamine mandelate therapy, the bacteriuria cleared in 72 per cent. Initially, 25 of the 90 patients did not have bacteriuria, but in 13 of the 25, bacteriuria was present by the end of the treatment period. The medication was well accepted by the patients, and no significant adverse reactions were observed.The data indicate that the prophylactic or therapeutic use of methenamine mandelate to suppress bacteriuria does not involve any medical risk. If the causes of urinary‐tract obstruction are removed, this medication may control bacteriuria even in geriatric patients with severe and debilitating diseases.
Age and Calcium Metabolism in Relation to Cardiovascular Changes Induced by Renal Injury with Sodium Sulfaacetylthiazole
Authors: Okano Kazutoshi , Fujita Takuo , Orimo Hajime , Yoshikawa Masaki 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObstructive nephropathy caused by a single intraperitoneal injection of sodium sulfaacetylthiazole (SAT) in a dosage of 0.5 gm/kg body weight induced interstitial myocarditis and medial calcification with medionecrosis of the aorta in 4‐month‐old rats but not in immature 1‐month‐old rats. The calcium content of the aorta, heart and kidneys and the 24‐hour uptake of 45Ca by the aorta, heart and kidneys were significantly increased. The histological changes, the increased calcium content of the heart and aorta, and the increased uptake of 45Ca were prevented by prior parathyroidectomy. Intraosseous 45Ca two weeks after administration for the purpose of labelling the stable bone fraction, was markedly decreased by injection of SAT in rats above the age of 4 months with intact parathyroids but not in immature rats and in parathyroidectomized adult animals. Such mobilization of 45Ca in the stable bone fraction was probably promoted through the increased secretion of parathyroid hormone secondary to SAT‐induced acute renal failure.
A SURVEY OF RESIDENTS IN FIVE NURSING AND REST HOMES IN CUMBERLAND COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Authors: Gregory Robert J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA survey was conducted to study the characteristics of 169 residents in 5 nursing or rest homes in Cumberland County, North Carolina. The survey preceded an intensive drive by the Local Council on Older Adults to stimulate numerous programs to involve these residents in more activities and contacts with other people. The baseline data are reported in terms of results obtained from interviews with varying numbers of the residents concerning basic demographic information and the administration of three simple assessment measures—Social Competency Inventory (90 subjects), Mental Status examination (102 subjects) and Activities of Daily Living (89 subjects).The data preclude drawing firm conclusions. However, the tests did discriminate between various ability levels, in relation to future attempts to evaluate the impact of treatment programs on groups. The age groups of the residents ranged from “under 45” to “85 and over” but most were concentrated in the 45–84 category. It would seem that the younger residents were those who were not functioning well mentally, whereas the older residents were those who had adequate mental ability but could not function physically or socially. Plans are to repeat the survey and note the impact of the programs of the Council on Older Adults.
THE CHEMOPSYCHOTHERAPEUTICS OF GERIATRIC SEDATION
Authors: DAWSON‐BUTTERWORTH KEITH 
Published: April 2015

Abstract:This article indicates some of the social, emotional, organic factors involved in disturbing the balance of the geriatric psychological equilibrium and outlines the need for an appropriate rationale of treatment with modern tranquillisers and sedatives. Both the problem of individual variation to treatment and the need for delineation of contributory organic factors are emphasised. Some features of senile psychoses, delirium, and depression are considered. Reference is made to the principles of sedation and tranquillisation and a number of the more widely used agents are reviewed. Some of the more notable side effects are briefly outlined.Several clinical group studies involving the use of sedatives and tranquillisers were made on 143 patients from a general‐hospital geriatric unit and 41 geriatric patients from a psychiatric hospital. The presence of mental illness in geriatric patients was not associated with long‐term need for nocturnal sedatives but did tend to increase the duration of hospitalisation and reduce the chances of rehabilitation. It was found possible to manage all types of patients in the geriatric range without barbiturates, which are contraindicated. The need for a more flexible approach to medication in the psychiatric geriatric population is indicated. Some of the currently available chemopsychotherapeutic agents, although useful, are of only limited value in aiding the more disturbed patients.
SPEECH CHANGES IN PARKINSONISM DURING L‐DOPA THERAPY: PRELIMINARY FINDINGS
Authors: RIGRODSKY SEYMOUR , MORRISON ELEANOR B. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract:In the few reported studies on the effects of drug therapy on the speech symptoms of patients with Parkinson's disease, the conclusion generally has been that medication does not improve speech. Recent studies on the drug, L‐dopa, indicate that large doses reduce the severity of physical signs and symptoms. In this investigation, the speech of 21 parkinsonian patients was evaluated under various conditions of L‐dopa therapy. Although statistical significance was obtained for only one aspect (the time factor) of speech in favor of improvement during maximal dosage (4–8 gm daily), there appeared to be a trend in the direction of improved speech during L‐dopa therapy. These findings are not nearly as dramatic as the improvement in physical symptoms observed in the same patients. However, the speech changes all occurred within less than one month; greater changes might have been observed had the patients been followed for a longer period with maximal dosage.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF REPORTED CARDIOVASCULAR FINDINGS TO HEIGHT OF THE T1‐WAVE IN THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAM
Authors: CHERASKIN E. , RINGSDORF W. M. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract:The literature is replete with evidence to show that, with advancing age, distinct changes occur in the electrocardiogram. One of the most obvious is the progressive decrease in the height of the T1‐wave. Because this change is so common, possibly it is part of the aging process.A study of 164 presumably healthy subjects revealed: 1) a statistically significant low negative correlation between age and the height of T1 (r = −0.181, P < 0.05); 2) a low but statistically significant positive relationship (r = +0.197, P < 0.05) between age and reported cardiovascular complaints; 3) an even higher (r = +0.326, P < 0.01) statistically significant positive correlation of age and cardiovascular findings in subjects with relatively low T1 waves; and 4) no significant correlation (r = +0.009, P > 0.05) between age and cardiovascular reported findings in subjects with relatively high (1.6–4.0 mm) T1 waves.Thus, within the limits of this study, reported cardiovascular findings increase with aging only in subjects whose electrocardiograms show relatively low T1 waves.
RHABDOMYOSARCOMA OF THE HEART (CASE REPORT)
Authors: MARGOLIS JACK , ARGANARAS EDUARDO 
Published: April 2015

Abstract:A case of the rare tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma of the left atrium of the heart, is presented. The patient was a 63‐year‐old man whose chief complaint was weakness and shortness of breath, believed to be due to chronic pulmonary emphysema with fibrosis (confirmed at autopsy). He was recovering from an attack of congestive heart failure with pneumonitis (after therapy, the heart size was normal and the lungs were clear), when he died suddenly. The cardiac tumor was unsuspected until it was revealed at autopsy.This diagnosis should be kept in mind, particularly in cases with symptoms resembling those of mitral stenosis. The reporting of such cases may help in the diagnosis of other primary cardiac tumors early enough for corrective surgery.
THE CONCEPT OF PSEUDONEUROTIC SCHIZOPHRENIA AND THE ROLE OF PSYCHIATRY IN MODERN SOCIETY
Authors: LERNER JOSEPH 
Published: April 2015

Abstract:Pseudoneurotic schizophrenia has been used as a diagnostic classification for about twenty years. A review of thousands of reports fails to indicate that such a diagnosis has effectively differentiated it from other categories. The term has added to the confusion of both psychiatrists and nonpsychiatrists who are responsible for the use of psychiatric reports in the various processes of adjudication. The modern psychiatrist, participating with labor and industry in the management of psychiatric aspects of personal adjustment, will find no advantage in using the diagnosis “pseudoneurotic schizophrenia.”
AN ISOLATED CASE OF MUMPS IN A GERIATRIC POPULATION
Authors: Glick Daniel 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis article concerns an isolated case of mumps in an 88‐year‐old woman in a geriatric‐centre hospital. The disease was preceded by what appeared to be acute pancreatitis, and was complicated by a secondary infection of the parotid. Viral studies confirmed the diagnosis. Also, mumps soon developed in 2 nursing aides who were attending the patient.
ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN THE AGED: PROGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT*
Authors: Harris Raymond , Piracha Abdul Rashid 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA study was made of 196 patients (120 men and 76 women) with acute myocardial infarction. The mean age was 65 years, with a range of 31 to 104 years. Of the 196 patients, 69 (35.2 per cent) died. The mortality rate increased particularly after age 70, for each sex. The incidences of associated heart failure and shock also increased with age. The data indicate that: 1) the elderly patient with acute myocardial infarction is a poor risk, 2) statistics on the mortality rate should include the age of the patient, and 3) advanced age, congestive heart failure, shock, and cardiac arrhythmias are prime factors in the prognosis.The requirements for reducing the mortality rate include early and accurate diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction, and more intensive treatment before the onset of irreversible changes. The way in which the symptoms of acute myocardial infarction differ in the aged are outlined, as are the principles of treatment and specific recommendations.
SURVIVAL IN OLD AGE: PHYSICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL CORRELATES OF LONGEVITY*
Authors: I'FEIFFER ERIC 
Published: April 2015

Abstract:This study involved a sub‐group of a panel of community volunteers—37 long‐lived persons (20 men, 17 women) and 37 short‐lived persons (20 men, 17 women). The findings suggest that group characteristics of long‐term survivors differ sharply from those of short‐term survivors in old age. Moreover, it seems that there is no single factor which contributes to longevity; rather, there is a constellation of biological, psychological, and social factors amounting to what may be best described as elite ***status. Persons with high intelligence, sound financial status, well‐maintained health, and intact marriages may be expected to live significantly longer than their less intelligent and poorer brothers and sisters whose health is also declining and whose marriages are no longer intact. Many of the factors identified here as contributing to longevity are not readily subject to individual, social, or political manipulation, with the possible exception of financial factors.It is hoped that investigations in other parts of the country and with differing populations of elderly people can determine if the hypotheses put forward here apply to elderly persons generally. It would also be interesting to know if these factors are similarly important in influencing survival at other stages of the life cycle. Infant mortality in this country certainly seems to be related to some of the factors examined in this study.
PATHOGENIC BACTERIA AND THEIR SENSITIVITY PATTERNS IN A HOSPITAL POPULATION OF GERIATRIC PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC DISEASE
Authors: LI KOIBONG , MILLER CELIA 
Published: April 2015

Abstract:In a hospital population of geriatric patients with chronic disease, 1,584 patients were tested and the pathogens most commonly involved in their infections were identified. The antibiograms of these bacteria (in vitro) were established. The leading pathogens were Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Providence group (Proteus inconstans), Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus fecalis, in descending order of frequency. Of significance was the emergence of the Providence group (Proteus inconstans), and its high degree of resistance to most antibiotics tested. It is conceivable that the Providence group might become a major pathogen in the future, because its resistance to antibiotics favors its survival. A new, more effective drug is desired for this group.
FIVE‐YEAR FOLLOW‐UP OF GERIATRIC CHRONICALLY ILL MENTAL PATIENTS IN FOSTER HOME CARE
Authors: WATT NORMAN F. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract:A follow‐up study of 12 geriatric chronically ill mental patients placed in foster homes as the result of an intensive ward rehabilitation program revealed that 8 (67 per cent) of these men remained out of the hospital at the end of five years. Six had been discharged from the hospital and 2 remained on trial visit status in foster homes. All but 1 of the 8 men were still in foster homes at the time of follow‐up. Neither age, the severity of psychiatric disability nor the length of previous hospitalization was a deterrent to success in home care, as long as the patient was not extremely irritable or aggressive. Indeed, the older men in this study remained out of the hospital significantly longer than did the younger ones. Eight of the 12 patients required transfer to a new foster home, re‐admission to the hospital, or new placement after rehospitalization—which shows the importance in such a program of having continuous supervision by a persistent social work staff.The number and proportion of geriatric chronically ill patients who reside in our mental hospitals have risen dramatically during the last few decades and will almost certainly continue to increase. By the usual channels of release from the hospital, this group of patients has the poorest prospects of all to remain out of the hospital. Foster home care is a humane and economical alternative for many of these patients. Our findings indicate that if patients are carefully selected, prepared and supervised after placement, the chances of long‐term success in foster home care can be impressively good.
ISONIAZID‐RESISTANT TUBERCULOUS SUPERINFECTION
Authors: GREENBERG HARRY B. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract: Isoniazid resistance developed after one to eleven years of clinical and bacteriologic quiescence in 13 once‐responsive tuberculous patients. A study of the case material disclosed that all but one of the patients had interrupted the initial antituberculosis chemotherapy soon after their sputum samples had become negative. Also, most of the patients had had cavitary lesions that contained large bacterial populations.Residual pulmonary foci of previously dormant tubercle bacilli were likely sources of their isoniazid‐resistant superinfections. Disabled by severe personality disorders and unable to comprehend the gravity of their illnesses, these patients had interrupted chemotherapy, apparently before the medication and their own defense mechanisms had effectively repressed the isoniazid‐resistant mutants in the bacterial population.
A GERIATRIC DAY WARD IN AN ENGLISH HOSPITAL
Authors: ANDREWS J. , FAIRLEY A. , HYLAND M. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract: The proper function and location of a Geriatric Day Ward are described. Patients attend from 9:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., one to five days per week. Statistics are given on the scope of the work carried on in the Day Ward of West Middlesex Hospital since the Ward opened in 1962. The patients obtain multidisciplinary services, including medical investigation and treatment. The period of these rehabilitation and assessment services rarely extends beyond three months. The cost is considerably less than for standard in‐patient care.The Day Ward should bridge the gap between out‐patient care and 24‐hour in‐patient care. It should be directly linked to the Geriatric Department in the hospital. However, it should also be associated with Day Centres established in the community, if post‐discharge deterioration of the patients is to be prevented. The Day Ward not only enables early discharge of the patient, but is useful in treating out‐patients who have severe locomotor handicaps, when in‐patient admission is not feasible.
PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS AND RECOVERY IN GERIATRIC PATIENTS WITH SEVERE APHASIA*
Authors: SARNO MARTHA TAYLOR , SILVERMAN MARLA , LEVITA ERIC 
Published: April 2015

Abstract: An attempt was made to determine the effects of age, sex, education, occupational status, deficit in auditory comprehension, duration of symptoms, pre‐illness language proficiency, and current living environment on recovery from severe aphasia. Tests involving pre‐reading, writing, understanding, and speaking were administered to 31 subjects with severe expressive‐receptive aphasia secondary to a cerebrovascular accident and of at least three months' duration. The tests were made initially and after a time interval ranging between 4 and 36 weeks, with a mean of 17.1 weeks. Comparisons were based on change scores. No significant differences at the .01 level were observed as a function of any of these variables.It was concluded that the environmental variables under study were of little consequence to the learning process and to the improvement of patients who still had severe residual receptive‐expressive aphasia three months after a stroke. Such a finding is important to speech clinics dealing with aphasic patients.
A PROGERIA‐LIKE SYNDROME PRODUCED BY DIHYDROTACHYSTEROL: ITS PREVENTION BY CONJUGATED ESTROGENS (PREMARIN)
Authors: ORIMO HAJIME , FUJITA TAKUO , YOSHIKAWA MASAKI , HAYANO KAZUO 
Published: April 2015

Abstract: Sixty female Wistar‐Imamichi rats, each weighing 85 gm, were divided into 10‐rat groups and fed respectively (by mouth) daily for four weeks: corn oil; dihydrotachysterol (DHT), 50 μg; DHT + conjugated estrogens (Premarin), 25 μg; DHT + Premarin, 100 μg; Premarin, 25 μg; or Premarin, 100 μg. Data were collected on body and organ weights; the calcium content of serum, aorta, heart, kidney and femur; x‐ray examination of the tail bone; and histological changes in the tissues involved.Under the experimental conditions, administration of DHT caused marked hypercalcemia and a significant increase in the calcium content of the kidney and heart. On the other hand, the calcium content of the femur in the rats treated with DHT was markedly decreased as compared with that in the controls. Histological and radiological evidence indicated that the administration of DHT was associated with increased bone resorption, subsequently developing into osteoporosis.All these DHT‐induced changes were prevented by the simultaneous administration of Premarin. Thus conjugated estrogens apparently prevent the development of the “progeria‐like syndrome” in rats—a syndrome which is quite similar to premature aging. The possibility of a relationship to slowing of the aging process is suggested.
INTENSIVE RESPIRATORY CARE: ADVANCES IN MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
Authors: BECK GUSTAV J. , GRENARD STEVE 
Published: April 2015

Abstract: Significant advances in the physiological concepts, diagnosis and therapy of respiratory failure are reviewed. The etiology of the respiratory failure in a given patient can be deduced by studying the ventilation, perfusion, diffusion and distribution of the inspired air. This assessment and a knowledge of the mechanics of ventilation are essential for the determination of specific therapy. Curves for bicarbonate and arterial carbon dioxide tension in animals, in normal persons and in patients with chronic pulmonary disease are discussed with regard to their clinical applications.Cardiovascular complications and neuromuscular and cerebrovascular changes due to acute relative hypocapnia and hyperbasemia induced by inadvertent mechanical hyperventilation are the most common hazards of artificial or assisted ventilation. Clinical and chemical recognition of these states by means of blood gas analyses enables prompt correction, accomplished by increasing deadspace ventilation, reducing the respiratory rate, and giving acetazolamide. In respiratory failure, the administration of oxygen is essential for the correction of hypoxia. When the respiratory failure is caused by an acute exacerbation of chronic pulmonary disease, the corrective oxygen concentrations should be kept strictly within the range of 21 to 35 per cent.