bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A geochemical study of two peraluminous granites from south-central Iberia:
the Nisa-Albuquerque and Jalama batholiths
Authors: Ramirez J. A. , Menendez L. G. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
In this paper we present new petrological and geochemical data for two
peraluminous granite batholiths (Nisa Alburquerque and Jalama batholiths)
representative of the ‘Araya-type’ granites of the Central-Iberian Zone. Both
granites are composite with several facies (monzogranites and leucogranites) that
can be grouped into two main granite units: the external units and central units.
Intrusive relationships and lack of geochemical coherence between the central and
external units indicate that they are not comagmatic but represent different
pulses. The central units of both batholiths are petrologically and geochemically
different. On the other hand, external units show a lot of similarities and are
the main object of this study. The main characteristics of the external granites
can be interpreted in terms of an incomplete fractional crystallization process of
early mineral phases (plg + Kf + bt) which probably took place at the level of
emplacement. Other possible mechanisms of magmatic differentiation (magma mixing,
restite unmixing, sequential melting) can be discarded based on field, petrography
and geochemical data. We propose that the ‘Araya-type’ granites are formed by the
intrusion of distinct magma pulses (central and external). Further evolution
within each pulse can be due to incomplete fractional crystallization possibly
taking place at the emplacement level.
Perforin and interferon-γ activities independently control tumor initiation, growth, and metastasis
Authors: Street Shayna E. A. , Cretney Erika , Smyth Mark J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractPerforin (pfp) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) together in C57BL/6 (B6) and BALB/c mouse strains provided optimal protection in 3 separate tumor models controlled by innate immunity. Using experimental (B6, RM-1 prostate carcinoma) and spontaneous (BALB/c, DA3 mammary carcinoma) models of metastatic cancer, mice deficient in both pfp and IFN-γ were significantly less proficient than pfp- or IFN-γ–deficient mice in preventing metastasis of tumor cells to the lung. Pfp and IFN-γ–deficient mice were as susceptible as mice depleted of natural killer (NK) cells in both tumor metastasis models, and IFN-γ appeared to play an early role in protection from metastasis. Previous experiments in a model of fibrosarcoma induced by the chemical carcinogen methylcholanthrene indicated an important role for NK1.1+ T cells. Herein, both pfp and IFN-γ played critical and independent roles in providing the host with protection equivalent to that mediated by NK1.1+ T cells. Further analysis demonstrated that IFN-γ, but not pfp, controlled the growth rate of sarcomas arising in these mice. Thus, this is the first study to demonstrate that host IFN-γ and direct cytotoxicity mediated by cytotoxic lymphocytes expressing pfp independently contribute antitumor effector functions that together control the initiation, growth, and spread of tumors in mice.
Hemophilia A mutations associated with 1-stage/2-stage activity discrepancy disrupt protein-protein interactions within the triplicated A domains of thrombin-activated factor VIIIa
Authors: Pipe Steven W. , Saenko Evgueni L. , Eickhorst Angela N. , Kemball-Cook Geoffrey , Kaufman Randal J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThrombin-activated factor VIII (FVIIIa) is a heterotrimer with the A2 subunit (amino acid residues 373-740) in a weak ionic interaction with the A1 and A3-C1-C2 subunits. Dissociation of the A2 subunit correlates with inactivation of FVIIIa. Patients with hemophilia A have been described whose plasmas display a discrepancy between their FVIII activities, where the 1-stage activity assay displays greater activity than the 2-stage activity assay. The molecular basis for one of these mutations, ARG531HIS, is an increased rate of A2 subunit dissociation. Examination of a homology model of the A domains of FVIII predicted ARG531 to lie at the interface of the A1 and A2 subunits and stabilize their interaction. Indeed, patients with mutations either directly contacting ARG531 (ALA284GLU, ALA284PRO) or closely adjacent to the A1-A2 interface in the tightly packed hydrophobic core (SER289LEU) have the same phenotype of 1-stage/2-stage discrepancy. TheALA284GLU andSER289LEU mutations in FVIII were produced by transfection of COS-1 monkey cells. Compared to FVIII wild-type both mutants had reduced specific activity by 1-stage clotting activity and at least a 2-fold lower activity by 2-stage analysis (COAMATIC), similar to the reported clinical data. Analysis of immunoaffinity purified ALA284GLU andSER289LEU proteins in an optical biosensor demonstrated that A2 dissociation was 3-fold faster for both FVIIIa mutants compared to FVIIIa wild-type. Therefore, these mutations within the A1 subunit of FVIIIa introduce a similar destabilization of the FVIIIa heterotrimer compared to the ARG531HISmutation within the A2 subunit and support that these residues stabilize the A domain interface of FVIIIa.
Importance of leucine zipper domain of mitranscription factor (MITF) for differentiation of mast cells demonstrated using mice/mice mutant mice of which MITF lacks the zipper domain
Authors: Morii Eiichi , Ogihara Hideki , Kim Dae-Ki , Ito Akihiko , Oboki Keisuke , Lee Young-Mi , Jippo Tomoko , Nomura Shintaro , Maeyama Kazutaka , Lamoreux M. Lynn , Kitamura Yukihiko 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe mi transcription factor (MITF) is a basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper (bHLH-Zip) transcription factor that is important for the development of mast cells. Mast cells ofmi/mi genotype express normal amount of abnormal MITF (mi-MITF), whereas mast cells of tg/tg genotype do not express any MITFs. Mast cells of mi/mi mice show more severe abnormalities than those of tg/tg mice, indicating that the mi-MITF possesses the inhibitory function. The MITF encoded by the mice mutant allele (ce-MITF) lacks the Zip domain. We examined the importance of the Zip domain usingmice/micemice. The amounts of c-kit, granzyme B (Gr B), and tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) messenger RNAs decreased in mast cells ofmice/mice mice to levels comparable to those of tg/tg mice, and the amounts were intermediate between those of +/+ mice and those of mi/mi mice. Gr B mediates the cytotoxic activity of mast cells, and TPH is a rate-limiting enzyme for the synthesis of serotonin. The cytotoxic activity and serotonin content ofmice/mice mast cells were comparable to those of tg/tg mast cells and were significantly higher than those of mi/mi mast cells. The phenotype of mice/mice mast cells was similar to that of tg/tg mast cells rather than to that of mi/mi mast cells, suggesting that thece-MITF had no functions. The Zip domain of MITF appeared to be important for the development of mast cells.
Age- and stage-specific regulation patterns in the hematopoietic stem cell hierarchy
Authors: Geiger Hartmut , True Jarrod M. , de Haan Gerald , Van Zant Gary 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
The molecular mechanisms that regulate self-renewal and differentiation of very primitive hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in vivo are still poorly understood. Despite the clinical relevance, even less is known about the mechanisms that regulate these cells in old animals. In a forward genetic approach, using quantitative trait linkage analysis in the mouse BXD recombinant inbred set, this study identified loci that regulate the genetic variation in the size of primitive hematopoietic cell compartments of young and old C57BL6 and DBA/2 animals. Linked loci were confirmed through the generation and analysis of congenic animals. In addition, a comparative linkage analysis revealed that the number of primitive hematopoietic cells and hematopoietic stem cells are regulated in a stage-specific and an age-specific manner.
Transendothelial migration of lymphocytes across high endothelial venules into lymph nodes is affected by metalloproteinases
Authors: Faveeuw Christelle , Preece Graham , Ager Ann 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe migration of lymphocytes from the bloodstream into lymph nodes (LNs) via high endothelial venules (HEVs) is a prerequisite for the detection of processed antigen on mature dendritic cells and the initiation of immune responses. The capture and arrest of lymphocytes from flowing blood is mediated by the multistep adhesion cascade, but the mechanisms that lymphocytes use to penetrate the endothelial lining and the basement membrane of HEVs are poorly understood. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) control the metastatic spread of tumor cells by regulating the penetration blood vessel basement membranes. In this study, synthetic and natural inhibitors were used to determine the role of MMPs and MMP-related enzymes in regulating lymphocyte extravasation in mice. Mice were treated systemically with the hydroxamate-based MMP inhibitor Ro 31-9790 and plasma monitored for effective levels of Ro 31-9790, which block shedding of L-selectin. The total numbers of lymphocytes recruited into LNs were not altered, but L-selectin levels were higher in mice treated with Ro 31-9790. A reduced number of lymphocytes completed diapedesis and there was an increase in the number of lymphocytes in the endothelial cell lining, rather than the lumen or the basement membrane of HEVs. Lymphocyte migration and L-selectin expression in the spleen were not altered by Ro 31-9790 treatment. Two MMP inhibitors, TIMP1 and Ro 32-1541, did not block L-selectin shedding and had no effect on lymphocyte migration across HEVs. These results suggest that metalloproteinase activity is required for lymphocyte transmigration across HEVs into LNs and provide evidence for the concept that metalloproteinases are important players in some forms of transendothelial migration.
Neuropathological Lesions and Cognitive Abilities in Black and White Older Adults in Brazil
Authors: Suemoto Claudia K. , Leite Renata E. P. , Paes Vitor R. , Rodriguez Roberta , Justo Alberto F. O. , Naslavsky Michel S. , Zatz Mayana , Pasqualucci Carlos A. , Nitrini Ricardo , Ferriolli Eduardo , Jacob-Filho Wilson , Grinberg Lea T. 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceRace differences in dementia prevalence and incidence have previously been reported, with higher dementia burden in Black decedents. However, previous neuropathological studies were conducted mostly in convenience samples with White participants; conducting clinicopathological studies across populations is crucial for understanding the underlying dementia causes in individuals from different racial backgrounds.ObjectiveTo compare the frequencies of neuropathological lesions and cognitive abilities between Black and White Brazilian adults in an autopsy study.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used samples from the Biobank for Aging Studies, a population-based autopsy study conducted in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Participants were older adults whose family members consented to the brain donations; Asian participants and those with missing data were excluded. Samples were collected from 2004 to 2023. Neuropathologists were masked to cognitive outcomes.ExposureRace as reported by the deceased’s family member.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe frequencies of neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular lesions were evaluated in 13 selected cerebral areas. Cognitive and functional abilities were examined with the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale.ResultsThe mean (SD) age of the 1815 participants was 74.0 (12.5) years, 903 (50%) were women, 617 (34%) were Black, and 637 (35%) had cognitive impairment. Small vessel disease (SVD) and siderocalcinosis were more frequent in Black compared with White participants (SVD: odds ratio [OR], 1.74; 95% CI, 1.29-2.35; P &amp;lt; .001; siderocalcinosis: OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.23-2.34; P = .001), while neuritic plaques were more frequent in White compared with Black participants (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.44-0.83; P = .002). Likewise, Alzheimer disease neuropathological diagnosis was more frequent in White participants than Black participants (198 [39%] vs 77 [33%]), while vascular dementia was more common among Black participants than White participants (76 [32%] vs 121 [24%]). Race was not associated with cognitive abilities, nor did it modify the association between neuropathology and cognition.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study of Brazilian older adults, Alzheimer disease pathology was more frequent in White participants while vascular pathology was more frequent in Black participants. Further neuropathological studies in diverse samples are needed to understand race disparities in dementia burden.
Extremely Large Anomalous Hall Conductivity and Unusual Axial Diamagnetism in a Quasi‐1D Dirac Material La3MgBi5
Authors: Yi Zhe‐Kai , Ouyang Zhen‐Feng , Guo Peng‐Jie , Liang Hui , Li Yi‐Ran , Su Ping , Li Na , Zhou Ying , Wu Dan‐Dan , Sun Yan , Yue Xiao‐Yu , Li Qiu‐Ju , Wang Shou‐Guo , Sun Xue‐Feng , Wang Yi‐Yan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAnomalous Hall effect (AHE), one of the most important electronic transport phenomena, generally appears in ferromagnetic materials but is rare in materials without magnetic elements. Here, a study of La3MgBi5 is presented, whose band structure carries multitype Dirac fermions. Although magnetic elements are absent in La3MgBi5, the signals of AHE can be observed. In particular, the anomalous Hall conductivity is extremely large, reaching 42,356 Ω−1 cm−1 with an anomalous Hall angle of 8.8%, the largest one that has been observed in the current AHE systems. The AHE is suggested to originate from the combination of skew scattering and Berry curvature. Another unique property discovered in La3MgBi5 is the axial diamagnetism. The diamagnetism is significantly enhanced and dominates the magnetization in the axial directions, which is the result of the restricted motion of the Dirac fermion at the Fermi level. These findings not only establish La3MgBi5 as a suitable platform to study AHE and quantum transport but also indicate the great potential of 315‐type Bi‐based materials for exploring novel physical properties.
Biocompatible Liquid Embolic for the Treatment of Microvascular Hemorrhage
Authors: Keum Hyeongseop , Kim Jinjoo , Zhang Zefu , Graf Erin , Albadawi Hassan , Oklu Rahmi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPersistent or recurrent bleeding from microvessels inaccessible for direct endovascular intervention is a major problem in medicine today. Here, an innovative catheter‐directed liquid embolic (P‐LE) is bioengineered for rapid microvessel embolization to treat small vessel hemorrhage. Tested in rodent, porcine, and canine animal models under normal and coagulopathic conditions, P‐LE outperformed clinically used embolic materials in both survival and non‐survival experiments, effectively occluding vessels as small as 40 microns with no signs of recanalization. P‐LE occlusion is independent of the coagulation cascade, and its resistance to displacement is ≈ 8 times greater than systolic blood pressure. P‐LE is also found to be biocompatible and x‐ray visible and does not require polymerization or a chemical reaction to embolize. To simulate the clinical scenario, acute microvascular hemorrhage is created in the pig kidney, liver, or stomach; these are successfully treated with P‐LE achieving immediate hemostasis. Furthermore, P‐LE is found to be bactericidal to highly resistant patient‐derived bacteria, suggesting that P‐LE may also protect against infectious complications that may occur following embolization procedures. P‐LE is safe, easy to use, and effective in treating ‐microvessel hemorrhage.
Smart‐Adhesive, Breathable and Waterproof Fibrous Electronic Skins
Authors: Tan Di , Guan Xiaoyang , Chung King Yan , Tang Yun , Yang Yujue , Wang Qian , Chen Tiandi , Xu Bingang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFor the need of direct contact with the skin, electronic skins (E‐skins) should not only fulfill electric functions, but also ensure comfort during wearing, including permeability, waterproofness, and easy removal. Herein, the study has developed a self‐adhesive, detach‐on‐demand, breathable, and waterproof E‐skin (PDSC) for motion sensing and wearable comfort by electrospinning styrene‐isoprene block copolymer rubber with carbon black nanosheets as the sensing layer and liner copolymers of N, N‐dimethylacrylamide, n‐octadecyl acrylate and lauryl methacrylate as the adhesive layer. The high elasticity and microfiber network structure endow the PDSC with good sensitivity and high linearity for strain sensing. The hydrophobic and crystallizable adhesive layer ensures robust, waterproof, and detaching‐on‐demand skin adhesion. Meanwhile, the fiber structure enables the PDSC good air and water permeability. The integration of electric and wearable functions endows the PDSC with great potential for motion sensing during human activities as both the sensing and wearable performances.
Elucidating the Role of Alkali Metal Carbonates in Impact on Oxygen Vacancies for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Jang Won Jin , Kim Eun Ho , Cho Jin Hyuk , Lee Donghwa , Kim Soo Young 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEffectively suppressing nonradiative recombination at the SnO2/perovskite interface is imperative for perovskite solar cells. Although the capabilities of alkali salts at the SnO2/perovskite interface have been acknowledged, the effects and optimal selection of alkali metal cations remain poorly understood. Herein, a novel approach for obtaining the optimal alkali metal cation (A‐cation) at the interface is investigated by comparatively analyzing different alkali carbonates (A2CO3; Li2CO3, Na2CO3, K2CO3, Rb2CO3, and Cs2CO3). Theoretical calculations demonstrate that A2CO3 coordinates with undercoordinated Sn and O on the surface, effectively mitigating oxygen vacancy (VO) defects with increasing A‐cation size, whereas Cs2CO3 exhibits diminished preferability owing to enhanced steric hindrance. The experimental results highlight the crucial role of Rb2CO3 in actively passivating VO defects, forming a robust bond with SnO2, and facilitating Rb+ diffusion into the perovskite layer, thereby enhancing charge extraction, alleviating deep‐level trap states and structural distortion in the perovskite film, and significantly suppressing nonradiative recombination. X‐ray absorption spectroscopy analyses further reveal the effect of Rb2CO3 on the local structure of the perovskite film. Consequently, a Rb2CO3‐treated device with aperture area of 0.14 cm2 achieves a notable efficiency of 22.10%, showing improved stability compared to the 20.11% achieved for the control device.
Tracking the migration and distribution of Caspian Kutum (Rutilus kutum, Kamenskii, 1901) along the southern coastline of the Caspian Sea based on stable isotope analysis
Authors: Abbasi Fatemeh , Ghorbani Rasoul , Salmanmahiny Abdol Rassoul , Trueman Clive Nicholas , Jackson Andrew Llyod , Fazel Abdol Azim 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Animal movements and resource utilization are essential factors for effective environmental management, but they are difficult to quantify in extensive natural ecosystems such as the aquatic environment.
Stable isotope analysis is an ecological tracer technique that reveals information about links between trophic levels, movement patterns of migratory species or geographical variations due to the different aquatic processes that influence them. The Caspian kutum is an important commercial endemic species on the southern coasts of the Caspian Sea and can be used as a proxy to gain information on how different spatiotemporal, environmental and biological—variables can influence ecological tracers such as stable isotopes at the sea basin level. Thus, the main objective of this study is to investigate how spatiotemporal, isotopic baseline and environmental factors influence the distribution of stable isotopes in the Caspian kutum.
The results showed that although there are individual variations, there is an overall increasing trend in δ13C and a decreasing trend in δ15N from the western to the eastern regions. In addition, there is a decreasing trend in δ13C and an increasing trend in δ15N with increasing age. It seems that among other migration routes of this species from the northern part of the southern Caspian Sea to the southern coasts, one of the main migration routes of this fish on the coasts of Iran is west‐east mobility, which may affect the efficiency of sustainable management of the catch in various fishing areas.
This was the first study to establish a migratory pattern of the Caspian kutum based on stable isotopes. We advocate the wider stable isotopes to effectively investigate fish migratory, as the results from this study provided important contributions to the development of valuable insights for the management and sustainability for this threatened and declining species fish populations.
Nomogram for predicting outcomes in elderly women with mucinous breast cancer: A retrospective study combined with external validation in southwest China
Authors: Zhang Zhaoxia , Zhanghuang Chenghao , Cai Qian , Song Guangye , Wang Quan , Tang Yue , Li Hongbo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveMucinous breast cancer (MBC) is a kind of breast cancer (BC), which is rare in clinic, mainly for women, because of the low incidence rate, so there is no unified standard treatment protocol. Elderly patients have a poor prognosis due to their combined comorbidities. This study aims to investigate the effect of surgery and chemoradiotherapy on the prognosis of elderly female MBC patients and construct nomograms for predicting the OS and CSS in elderly female MBC patients.MethodsData for female MBC patients over 65 years are obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database, patients were divided into two groups: the training set and the validation set. External validation data of the prediction model were provided by Kunming Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. We used Cox regression modeling, which was used to identify independent risk factors affecting patient prognosis. After avoiding confounding bias according to the multifactorial Cox regression model, we used these screened statistically significant results to construct column‐line plots. The performance of the model was tested using the consistency index (c‐index), the calibration curve, and the area under the operating characteristic curve of the receiver (AUC). Subsequently, we used decision curve analysis (DCA) to examine the potential clinical value of our nomograms.ResultsA total of 8103 elderly MBC female patients were extracted from the database SEER and were assigned to the training and validation set, randomly. A total of 83 patients from Kunming Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were used in the external verification set. After multifactorial Cox regression analysis, we found that age, race, T‐stage, M‐stage, surgical approach, radiotherapy, and tumor size were independent risk factors for OS in elderly MBC patients. Similarly, independent risk factors of CSS included age, marital status, N stage, M stage, surgical approach, chemotherapy, and tumor size. The C‐index for the OS training, validation, and external verification set were 0.731 (95%CI 0.715–0.747), 0.738 (95%CI 0.724–0.752), and 0.809 (95%CI 0.731–0.8874). The C‐index of the training set, the validation set, and external verification set for CSS were 0.786 (95%CI 0.747–0.825), 0.776 (95%CI 0.737–0.815), and 0.84 (95%CI0.754–0.926), respectively. The AUC, calibration curves and DCA also showed good accuracy.ConclusionsIn this study, we construct a new nomogram to predict the prognosis of elderly patients with MBC. The nomograms have undergone internal and external validation and have been confirmed to have good clinical applicability. At the same time, we found that for elderly female MBC patients, surgery and radiotherapy significantly benefit their survival, but chemotherapy is not conducive to patient survival.