bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TRAA: a two-risk archive algorithm for expensive many-objective optimization
Authors: Lin Ji , Liu Quanliang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMany engineering problems are essentially expensive multi-/many-objective optimization problems, and surrogate-assisted evolutionary algorithms have gained widespread attention in dealing with them. As the objective dimension increases, the error of predicting solutions based on surrogate models accumulates. Existing algorithms do not have strong selection pressure in the candidate solution obtaining and adaptive sampling stages. These make the effectiveness and area of application of the algorithms unsatisfactory. Therefore, this paper proposes a two-risk archive algorithm, which contains a strategy for mining high-risk and low-risk archives and a four-state adaptive sampling criterion. In the candidate solution mining stage, two types of Kriging models are trained, then conservative optimization models and non-conservative optimization models are constructed for model searching, followed by archive selection to obtain more reliable two-risk archives. In the adaptive sampling stage, in order to improve the performance of the algorithms, the proposed criterion considers environmental assessment, demand assessment, and sampling, where the sampling approach involves the improvement of the comprehensive performance in reliable environments, convergence and diversity in controversial environments, and surrogate model uncertainty. Experimental results on numerous benchmark problems show that the proposed algorithm is far superior to seven state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of comprehensive performance.
Analysis of the Ability of Marsh Samphire (Salicornia europaea) to Extract Environmentally Relevant Elements from Different Culture Media: Contribution of Biochar to Plant Nutrition and Growth
Authors: Turcios Ariel E. , Gornati Diego , Papenbrock Jutta 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSoil salinity is considered one of the major global challenges that agricultural production is currently facing. This condition, together with the increasing contamination with emerging pollutants, poses a serious risk for global food security. As efforts are made to develop nature-based solutions, bioremediation strategies have been implemented to harness different living organisms and mitigate environmental pollution. Halophytes grow in highly saline environment and can be the solution to valorize salt-degraded areas where other crops cannot grow. The aim of this work is to evaluate the physiological response of Salicornia europaea grown under different conditions and its potential to extract sodium (Na) and copper (Cu) from different culture media. Different experiments were conducted with S. europaea cultivated in hydroponics and in substrate with and without biochar including different Cu (0, 5 and 10 mg L-1 CuCl2) and Na (7.5 and 15 g L-1 NaCl) concentrations. The growth in hydroponic media under different salinities reveals that this halophyte can extract up to 80% and 55% of the initial Na content when growing at 7.5 g L-1 and 15 g L-1 NaCl, respectively. In addition, S. europaea tolerates high Cu concentration, accumulating up to 1.61 mg g-1 DW in roots when exposed to 10 mg L-1 CuCl2 and 7.5 g L-1 NaCl. Plants grown in substrate show a different behavior, being even more tolerant to higher Cu concentrations. In addition, the presence of biochar in the substrate improves plant growth and provides a greater quantity of micronutrients. These results show the potential of S. europaea to be used in the phytoremediation process.
Determination of bisphosphonate properties in terms of bioavailability, bone affinity, and cytotoxicity
Authors: Zielińska Monika , Pacholak Amanda , Burlaga Natalia , Chmielewska Ewa , Voelkel Adam , Kaczorek Ewa 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of fourteen newly synthesized bisphosphonates by assessing their bioavailability, bone affinity, and cytotoxicity. These bisphosphonates included a series of aminomethylenebisphosphonates and standard compounds such as risedronate and tiludronate.

Methods
Drug permeability was determined using Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assays (PAMPA), while bone affinity was assessed by sorption on hydroxyapatite. Bacterial cell response to the bisphosphonates was also examined using Lactobacillus paracasei cells as a model.

Results
Several tested compounds, including BP3 to BP8 and BP11, which feature substituents in the pyridine ring such as methyl groups, iodine, bromine, chlorine, or hydroxyl groups, demonstrated potentially more beneficial therapeutic properties than commercially used bisphosphonates. These compounds showed stronger bone affinity and higher gastrointestinal absorption with comparable or lower cytotoxic effects. Specifically, BP11 exhibited the highest bone affinity, while BP8 and BP11 showed the greatest permeability.

Conclusions
The findings suggest that BP3 BP8, and BP11 are promising candidates for further research. These results highlight the importance of comprehensively evaluating bisphosphonates' therapeutic properties to identify effective treatments for osteoporosis and other bone diseases.

Graphical abstract
Groundwater recharge potentiality mapping for opportune augmentation following two MCDMs for a Western Himalayan watershed
Authors: Joshi Himanshu , Bohra Manoj Singh , Kumar Devendra , Rani Meenu , Arya Om Prakash 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAccounting potential zones for recharging groundwater is a prerequisite before the implementation of the springshed conservation program. Many studies have suggested that the resurgence of the springs in the Himalayan region is waning due to anthropogenic and Climate Change impacts. Typical physical methods of recharge zone explorations are manpower & fiscal-intensive and find limited applicability in areas with steep slopes and undulating topography. The deliberated study is an attempt towards the identification of potential recharge zones using topographical and meteorological indices via two MCDM methods, namely, AHP and Fuzzy AHP for the Saryu watershed of Kumaun Himalaya, Uttarakhand. Twelve thematic layers following the assignment of suitable weights were overlayed for the development of the groundwater recharge potentiality map. The findings indicated that following AHP 6%, 86.89%, 7.10% & 0.01% of the study area demonstrates low, moderate, high, and very high potentiality for groundwater recharge, while, FAHP suggests these indices to be 19.23%, 76.77%, 3.55%, & 0.45%, respectively. Further, FAHP demonstrates the redundancy of a few input layers for the adopted scale of the input data. The study also furnishes a brief description of opportune recharge structures based on the groundwater recharge potentialities.
Exploring student perspectives on generative artificial intelligence in higher education learning
Authors: Baidoo-Anu David , Asamoah Daniel , Amoako Isaac , Mahama Inuusah 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study examined the perspectives of Ghanaian higher education students on the use of ChatGPT. The Students’ ChatGPT Experiences Scale (SCES) was developed and validated to evaluate students’ perspectives of ChatGPT as a learning tool. A total of 277 students from universities and colleges participated in the study. Through exploratory factor analysis, a three-factor structure of students' perspectives (ChatGPT academic benefits, ChatGPT academic concerns, and accessibility and attitude towards ChatGPT) was identified. A confirmatory factor analysis was carried out to confirm the identified factors. The majority of students are aware of and recognize the potential of Gen AI tools like ChatGPT in supporting their learning. However, a significant number of students reported using ChatGPT mainly for non-academic purposes, citing concerns such as academic policy violations, excessive reliance on technology, lack of originality in assignments, and potential security risks. Students mainly use ChatGPT for assignments rather than for class or group projects. Students noted that they have not received any training on how to use ChatGPT safely and effectively. The implications for policy and practice are discussed in terms of how well-informed policy guidelines and strategies on the use of Gen AI tools like ChatGPT can support teaching and improve student learning.
Teaching compassionate-based behaviors across communication partners to students of applied behavior analysis: a preliminary investigation of comparative effectiveness
Authors: Mathieu-Sher Reva , Johnson Paige , Straub Elizabeth , Lao Annie , Alzahrani Duaa , McCallum Elizabeth , Schmitt Ara 
Published: July 2024

AbstractApplied behavior analysis (ABA) focuses on providing socially significant treatments and practices. Recent advancements in ethically-minded research have encouraged practitioners to think beyond the technical skills required for implementing behavior-analytic practices and consider how these practices are delivered. Compassionate care in ABA has recently been conceptually defined and subsequently researched to explore ways to explicitly and systematically teach compassionate-care-based skills within the scope of ABA. Researchers have noted barriers specific to the time required to teach compassionate-care-based skills using behavior skills training (BST) especially when working to train groups in compassionate care skills. Further, these studies have focused primarily on using compassionate care towards interactions with caregivers as communication partners. This study operationalized the compassionate care-based skill of receiving feedback within a behavioral analytic lens and taught it to eight master's students enrolled in an ABA course. An experimental case study approach was used to evaluate the relative benefit of modified behavioral skills training (BST) versions, including conditions with and without rehearsal opportunities and individualized performance feedback. Results indicated that all participants demonstrated significant skill increases across multiple communication partners (i.e., client, caregiver, colleague) compared to baseline sessions, with conditions including opportunities for rehearsal and performance feedback resulting in higher skill acquisition for seven of the eight participants. Conditions that required the participants to generalize to novel scenarios and novel communication partners resulted in lower competencies; however, all participant skills across all communication partners remained higher than baseline measures. Limitations included practicing skills within role-play scenarios only, the application of compassionate care-based skills in a variety of cultures, and limits related to using an experimental case study as a methodological approach. Implications for future research and practitioner-based applications are discussed.
Understanding cactus pear status for improved ecosystem services in northern Ethiopia
Authors: Meaza Hailemariam , Demissie Biadgilgn , Berhe Yemane Kahsay , Gebrehiwot Misgina , Nyssen Jan , Haile Mitiku , Gebreegzabher Amleset , Girmay Abbadi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPrickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) is a multipurpose plant in drylands. The objective of this study was to synthesize the livelihood benefits, survival threats and management of cactus pear in Tigray (Ethiopia). Metadata were generated from 63 available articles. Accidental interviews (n = 35) and frequent field observations were also used to substantiate the metadata. Descriptive statistics and descriptions were used to analyze the data. In the meta-analysis, cactus is a viable biological measure to maintain soil quality and moisture, as it has high water use efficiency. In addition, cactus provides an average yield of 16.20 ± 8.33 tons fruits per ha. The plant is also a source of income and a live fence in low rainfall sites. The dryland plant has bridged the food and forage gaps. The cochineal insect, which eats only cactus, was introduced for a dyeing business. However, mismanagement of the insects invaded vast cactus-rich sites at an alarming rate. The infested areas increased from 17 villages in 2011 to 139 villages in 2018 with an average damage of 3,890 ha of cactus per year. The study highlights that research institutions and Tigray government have failed to address the cochineal infestation for about 15 years. Consequently, the poor farmers received neither cactus benefits from harvesting carmine nor other ecosystem services. Therefore, we suggest that integrated pest management efforts and expansion of cactus plantations along the western escarpment in the Rift Valley improve food availability and defend the landscape against the expansion of desertification in northern Ethiopia.
Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics provide insights into the biosynthesis of militarine in the cell suspension culture system of Bletilla striata
Authors: Li Qingqing , Xu Mengwei , Wu Fengju , Guo Ziyi , Yang Ning , Li Lin , Wen Weie , Xu Delin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMilitarine is a monomer molecule with abundant and distinctive biological properties, also the lead member of secondary metabolites in Bletilla striata, while its biosynthesis mechanism is still unknown. To improve the production efficiency of militarine, sodium acetate and salicylic acid (SA) were introduced as elicitors into the suspension-cultured callus of B. striata. Subsequently, samples were taken from callus at different culturing stages to investigate the synthesis mechanisms of militarine in B. striata through integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics. Metabolomics analysis revealed that acetate ions promoted militarine synthesis, while SA had an inhibitory effect. Additionally, regulators such as ferulic acid, 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropionic acid, and cis-beta-D-Glucosyl-2-hydroxycinnamate were identified as influencing militarine synthesis. Transcriptomics analysis indicated that the expression levels of genes involved in phenylalanine metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and tyrosine metabolism were correlated with militarine content. This study sheds light on the regulatory mechanism of militarine biosynthesis in plants. The results suggested that acetate ions and SA impact militarine synthesis through specific metabolic pathways and gene expression changes. This knowledge serves as a foundation for future research on militarine biosynthesis and its industrial production.
Social norms, mentalising, and common knowledge, in making peace and war
Authors: Riordan Vincent 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The emergence of social norms would have been dependent on the evolution of the cognitive capacity for mentalising to multiple orders of intentionality. Common knowledge is a related phenomenon that can solve coordination problems. That the same cognitive and social mechanisms should facilitate both peace and war is resonant with Girard's scapegoat hypothesis on the relationship between violence and religion.
The roots of peace
Authors: Wilson Michael L. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
By focusing on peace, Glowacki provides a fresh perspective on warfare. Why did humans evolve peace? Other animals aggregate peacefully when resources are not economically defendable. The human capacity for peace may arise from two key factors: Multilevel societies and psychology shaped by within-group exchanges, which may have begun when tools enabled hominins to extract foods, including tubers and roots.
Police for peace
Authors: Rusch Hannes 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Glowacki's detailed account of small-scale societies’ endogenously emerging tendencies to oscillate between phases of peace and war highlights a need for understanding better the incentives governing “internal” policing for “external” peacekeeping. Here, I sketch some of these incentives and point out a resulting dilemma which Glowacki's account leaves unresolved for the time being.
Peace is a form of cooperation, and so are the cultural technologies which make peace possible
Authors: Lie-Panis Julien , André Jean-Baptiste 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
While necessary parts of the puzzle, cultural technologies are insufficient to explain peace. They are a form of second-order cooperation – a cooperative interaction designed to incentivize first-order cooperation. We propose an explanation for peacemaking cultural technologies, and therefore peace, based on the reputational incentives for second-order cooperation.
How language and agriculture promote culture- and peace-promoting norms
Authors: Zentall Thomas R. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Humans are predisposed to form in-groups and out-groups that are remarkably flexible in their definition due largely to the complex language that has evolved in them. Language has allowed for the creation of shared “background stories” that can unite people who do not know each other. Second, the discovery of agriculture has resulted in the critical need to negotiate boundaries, a process that can lead to peace (but also war).
A New WENO‐Based Momentum Advection Scheme for Simulations of Ocean Mesoscale Turbulence
Authors: Silvestri Simone , Wagner Gregory L. , Campin Jean‐Michel , Constantinou Navid C. , Hill Christopher N. , Souza Andre , Ferrari Raffaele 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCurrent eddy‐permitting and eddy‐resolving ocean models require dissipation to prevent a spurious accumulation of enstrophy at the grid scale. We introduce a new numerical scheme for momentum advection in large‐scale ocean models that involves upwinding through a weighted essentially non‐oscillatory (WENO) reconstruction. The new scheme provides implicit dissipation and thereby avoids the need for an additional explicit dissipation that may require calibration of unknown parameters. This approach uses the rotational, “vector invariant” formulation of the momentum advection operator that is widely employed by global general circulation models. A novel formulation of the WENO “smoothness indicators” is key for avoiding excessive numerical dissipation of kinetic energy and enstrophy at grid‐resolved scales. We test the new advection scheme against a standard approach that combines explicit dissipation with a dispersive discretization of the rotational advection operator in two scenarios: (a) two‐dimensional turbulence and (b) three‐dimensional baroclinic equilibration. In both cases, the solutions are stable, free from dispersive artifacts, and achieve increased “effective” resolution compared to other approaches commonly used in ocean models.
The Ionospheric Leg of the Substorm Current Wedge: Combining Iridium and Ground Magnetometers
Authors: Walker Simon James , Laundal Karl Magnus , Reistad Jone Peter , Hatch Spencer Mark , Ohma Anders , Gjerloev Jesper 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUtilizing magnetic field measurements made by the Iridium satellites and by ground magnetometers in North America we calculate the full ionospheric current system and investigate the substorm current wedge. The current estimates are independent of ionospheric conductance, and are based on estimates of the divergence‐free (DF) ionospheric current from ground magnetometers and curl‐free (CF) ionospheric currents from Iridium. The DF and CF currents are represented using spherical elementary current systems (SECS), derived using a new inversion scheme that ensures the current systems' spatial scales are consistent. We present 18 substorm events and find a typical substorm current wedge (SCW) in 12 events. Our investigation of these substorms shows that during substorm expansion, equivalent field‐aligned currents (EFACs) derived with ground magnetometers are a poor proxy of the actual FAC. We also find that the intensification of the westward electrojet can occur without an intensification of the FACs. We present theoretical investigations that show that the observed deviation between FACs estimated with satellite measurements and ground‐based EFACs are consistent with the presence of a strong local enhancement of the ionospheric conductance, similar to the substorm bulge. Such enhancements of the auroral conductance can also change the ionospheric closure of pre‐existing FACs such that the ground magnetic field, and in particular the westward electrojet, changes significantly. These results demonstrate that attributing intensification of the westward electrojet to SCW current closure can yield false understanding of the ionospheric and magnetospheric state.
The Geological History of Enceladus' Cratered Terrains
Authors: Kinczyk Mallory J. , Byrne Paul K. , Patterson Gerald W. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study presents a comprehensive assessment of the geomorphology, crater distributions, and tectonic structures within Enceladus' cratered terrains. We analyzed the distributions of impact craters and tectonic structures in seven regions of interest to inform an interpretation of the geological history of this terrain in the context of Enceladus' global evolution. We found that the tectonic structures, including both ancient, subdued troughs and young, narrow fractures, point to a cratered terrain that not only experienced early tectonic modification but also shows evidence of recent geological activity. Ancient troughs present in the equatorial cratered terrains are similar in scale and orientation to troughs present in the Leading and Trailing Hemisphere Terrains, an observation that supports possible non‐synchronous rotation of the ice shell. A dearth of impact craters in the equatorial regions as identified previously does not hold for craters <3 km in diameter in the anti‐Saturnian hemisphere. The anomalous presence of excess small craters in this region could be due to secondary or sesquinary impacts from a catastrophic event occurring at Enceladus or a neighboring moon. Finally, narrow fractures are pervasive across the cratered terrains and are most commonly oriented parallel or sub‐parallel to the most proximal cratered terrain boundary. This directionality of pervasive recent fracturing could be related to the vertical movement of an isostatically uncompensated ice shell. Enceladus' cratered terrains provide insight into the long‐term evolution of the satellite, an important component to assessing its role in Solar System evolution and its potential for habitability.
Dynamic nanomechanical characterization of cells in exosome therapy
Authors: Chen Ye , Zhang Zihan , Li Ziwei , Wu Wenjie , Lan Shihai , Yan Tianhao , Mei Kainan , Qiao Zihan , Wang Chen , Bai Chuanbiao , Li Ziyan , Wu Shangquan , Wang Jianye , Zhang Qingchuan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractExosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been confirmed to enhance cell proliferation and improve tissue repair. Exosomes release their contents into the cytoplasmic solution of the recipient cell to mediate cell expression, which is the main pathway through which exosomes exert therapeutic effects. The corresponding process of exosome internalization mainly occurs in the early stage of treatment. However, the therapeutic effect of exosomes in the early stage remains to be further studied. We report that the three-dimensional cell traction force can intuitively reflect the ability of exosomes to enhance the cytoskeleton and cell contractility of recipient cells, serving as an effective method to characterize the therapeutic effect of exosomes. Compared with traditional biochemical methods, we can visualize the early therapeutic effect of exosomes in real time without damage by quantifying the cell traction force. Through quantitative analysis of traction forces, we found that endometrial stromal cells exhibit short-term cell roundness accompanied by greater traction force during the early stage of exosome therapy. Further experiments revealed that exosomes enhance the traction force and cytoskeleton by regulating the Rac1/RhoA signaling pathway, thereby promoting cell proliferation. This work provides an effective method for rapidly quantifying the therapeutic effects of exosomes and studying the underlying mechanisms involved.