bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tunable release of ophthalmic therapeutics from injectable, resorbable, thermoresponsive copolymer scaffolds
Authors: Prosperi‐Porta Graeme , Muirhead Benjamin , Sheardown Heather 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe sustained release of ophthalmic therapeutics to the posterior segment of the eye is a challenge. Injectable polymer materials have the potential to reduce injection frequency by providing long term therapeutic delivery. Copolymers with varying N‐isopropylacrylamide, acrylamide (AAm), acrylic acid N‐hydroxysuccinimide, and (r)‐α‐acryloyloxy‐β,β‐dimethyl‐γ‐butyrolactone (DBA) were synthesized by RAFT polymerization to develop injectable, resorbable, and thermoresponsive copolymer scaffolds. Upon injection into physiological conditions, these copolymers undergo a temperature induced gelation to form a drug releasing scaffold. Modification of the copolymer's AAm/DBA ratio and molecular weight afforded significant and precise control over the scaffold's physical properties and subsequent drug release profile. Hydrolytic DBA ring‐opening enables redissolution of the copolymers for clearance from the body. Precise control over the drug release profile from these copolymer scaffolds by simple alteration of composition and molecular weight provides an efficient method to customize the minimally invasive delivery of therapeutics to the posterior segment of the eye. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 53–62, 2017.
Response of human bone marrow‐derived MSCs on triphasic Ca‐P substrate with various HA/TCP ratio
Authors: Bajpai Indu , Kim Duk Yeon , Kyong‐Jin Jung , Song In‐Hwan , Kim Sukyoung 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCalcium phosphates (Ca‐P) are used commonly as artificial bone substitutes to control the biodegradation rate of an implant in the body fluid. This study examined the in vitro proliferation of human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) on triphasic Ca‐P samples. For this aspect, hydroxyapatite (HA), dicalcium phosphate dehydrate (DCPD), and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) were mixed at various ratios, cold compacted, and sintered at 1250°C in air. X‐ray diffraction showed that the β‐tricalcium phosphate (TCP) to α‐TCP phase transformation increased with increasing DCPD/HA ratio. The micro‐hardness deceased with increasing TCP content, whereas the mean grain size and porosity increased with increasing TCP concentration. To evaluate the in vitro degree of adhesion and proliferation on the HA/TCP samples, human BMSCs were incubated on the HA/TCP samples and analyzed by a cells proliferation assay, expression of the extracellular matrix (ECM) genes, such as α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) and fibronectin (FN), and FITC‐phalloidin fluorescent staining. In terms of the interactions of human BMSCs with the triphasic Ca‐P samples, H50T50 (Ca/P = 1.59) markedly enhanced cell spreading, proliferation, FN, and α‐SMA compared with H100T0 (Ca/P = 1.67). Interestingly, these results show that among the five HA/TCP samples, H50T50 is the optimal Ca‐P composition for in vitro cell proliferation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 72–80, 2017.
Fucoxanthin Inhibits the Inflammation Response in Paw Edema Model through Suppressing MAPKs, Akt, and NFκB
Authors: Choi Jun‐Hui , Kim Na‐Hyun , Kim Sung‐Jun , Lee Hyo‐Jeong , Kim Seung 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTUndaria pinnatifida is a well‐known traditional Korean food with a variety of biological activities. Carrageenan (carr) is commonly used to induce paw edema in animal models. This study was designed to elucidate the processes underlying the anti‐inflammatory effect of fucoxanthin isolated from the sporophyll of U. pinnatifida in carr‐induced paw edema in ICR mice. Fucoxanthin significantly decreased carr‐induced increased nitric oxide levels in the plasma of mice with carr‐induced paw edema. Fucoxanthin protected catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity against disruption in mice with carr‐induced paw edema. In addition, fucoxanthin repressed carr‐induced activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase‐2, and nuclear factor kappa B, as well as carr‐induced phosphorylation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase, c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase, p38, and protein kinase B/Akt. These results suggest that fucoxanthin may have therapeutic potential as a treatment for patients with inflammatory diseases.
Immunolocalization indicates that both original and regenerated lizard tail tissues contain populations of long retaining cells, putative stem/progenitor cells
Authors: Alibardi Lorenzo 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThe regeneration of the tail in lizards is likely sustained by stem/progenitor cells located in the stump after amputation of the tail. This microscopic and ultrastructural study shows the localization of 5‐bromo‐deoxy‐uridine (5BrdU)‐long retaining labeled cells in different tissues of the tail stump. These putative stem/progenitor cells are sparsely detected in the epidermis of scales, adipose tissue, intermuscle connective septa, myosatellite cells, and perichondrion of the vertebrae. Most of 5BrdU‐labeled cells are present in the bone marrow of vertebrae as hemocytoblasts and reticulate cells, whereas more numerous myelocytes and polychromatophilic erythroblasts show a variable level of nuclear labeling. 5BrdU and tritiated‐thymidine labeled and unlabeled hemopoietic cells are seen in circulating vessels and in the blastema where their maturation is completed. This observation indicates that the entire differentiation span of both white and red blood cells, at least during tail regeneration, lasts longer than 4 weeks. Labeled polychromatophilic erythroblasts and heterophilic and basophilic myelocytes are present in the synusoidal vessels of the regenerating tail. This study indicates that extravasating blood cells involved in immunity make large part of the forming blastema cell population, but are replaced by mesenchymal cells of different origin. The presence of long retaining labeled cells in tissues of the tail stump is likely connected to the production of blastema mesenchymal cells. Although no direct cell‐lineage study has been done, histological, immunocytochemical, and autoradiographic studies have indicated that it is from these tissues that proliferating cells appear mainly localized after tail amputation and blastema formation. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:1032–1045, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Emu oil decreases atherogenic plaque formation in cafeteria diet‐induced obese rats
Authors: Kamalakkannan Soundararajan , Tirupathi Pichiah PB , Kalaiselvi Seenivasan , Arunachalam Sankarganesh , Achiraman Shanmugam 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDAtherosclerosis‐induced coronary heart disease – caused by elevated levels of low‐density lipoproteins (LDL) and inflammation – is one of the most prevalent diseases. Monounsaturated fatty acids are reported to prevent atherosclerosis; emu oil is a rich source of monounsaturated fatty acid, and we hypothesize that emu oil supplementation could lower inflammation and prevent atherosclerosis in diet‐induced obese (DIO) animals. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (n= 6), and fed with normal diet (chow pellet;ND), or with cafeteria diet (CD), or withCDalong with emu oil supplementation at three different doses:ED1(2mL),ED2(4mL) andED3(8mL) kg−1body weight (BW), respectively.RESULTSAfter 12 weeks, the animals were sacrificed and serum was analysed for measuring lipid profile, C‐reactive proteins, testosterone and luteinizing hormone. Histopathological studies were performed to observe atherogenic changes in thoracic aorta. Restoration of altered lipid and hormonal profiles, and inhibition of atherogenic changes in thoracic aorta, were observed with supplementation of emu oil, confirming its anti‐atherosclerotic activity.CONCLUSIONThe high content of oleic acid in emu oil could have orchestrated – either solely or in combination with linoleic and linolenic acids – causing the upregulation of testosterone biosynthesis and inhibition of atheromatous plaque formation in diet‐induced obese animals. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Enhanced mucosal healing with curcumin in animal oral ulcer model
Authors: Lim Yun‐Sung , Kwon Seong Keun , Park Joo Hyun , Cho Chang Gun , Park Seok‐Won , Kim Woo Kyung 
Published: September 2015

Objectives/HypothesisOral ulcers are very common and can compromise the quality of life of patients with pain. The objective of this study was to evaluate mucosal healing with curcumin in an animal oral ulcer model.Study DesignExperimental study.MethodsTwenty New Zealand white rabbits were used. Round filter paper 6 mm in diameter was soaked with 15 μl 50% acetic acid and applied over the upper labial gingiva, creating a uniform circular ulcer. After creation of an oral ulcer, curcumin, the active substance in tumeric, was applied twice over the ulcer in the experimental group but not in the control group. The ulcer area was calculated by maximal (D) and minimal (d) diameter : π × D × d/4. All animals were weighed, and the area was measured on days 0, 7, and 14. On days 7 and 14, half of the animals were sacrificed and gingival specimens were acquired.ResultsCurcumin treatment exhibited accelerated healing such that the gross appearance of the ulcer demonstrated a recognizable difference in wound healing between the curcumin‐treated and control groups with time. Weight loss was observed after the creation of oral ulcer in the control group. However, the curcumin‐treated group gained weight with time, resulting in a significant weight difference. On day 14, epithelial regeneration was completed in the treated group but incomplete in the control group.ConclusionTopical application of curcumin enhanced the wound‐healing process of oral ulcer in the animal model, which implicate that curcumin can be used as an effective and safe medical tool in the treatment of oral ulcer.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 126:E68–E73, 2016
Joint myocardial T1 and T2 mapping using a combination of saturation recovery and T2‐preparation
Authors: Akçakaya Mehmet , Weingärtner Sebastian , Basha Tamer A. , Roujol Sébastien , Bellm Steven , Nezafat Reza 
Published: September 2015

PurposeTo develop a heart‐rate independent breath‐held joint T1–T2 mapping sequence for accurate simultaneous estimation of coregistered myocardial T1 and T2 maps.MethodsA novel preparation scheme combining both a saturation pulse and T2‐preparation in a single R–R interval is introduced. The time between these two pulses, as well as the duration of the T2‐preparation is varied in each heartbeat, acquiring images with different T1 and T2 weightings, and no magnetization dependence on previous images. Inherently coregistered T1 and T2 maps are calculated from these images. Phantom imaging is performed to compare the proposed maps with spin echo references. In vivo imaging is performed in ten subjects, comparing the accuracy and precision of the proposed technique to existing myocardial T1 and T2 mapping sequences of the same duration.ResultsPhantom experiments show that the proposed technique provides accurate quantification of T1 and T2 values over a wide‐range (T1: 260 ms to 1460 ms, T2: 40 ms to 200 ms). In vivo imaging shows that the proposed sequence quantifies T1 and T2 values similar to a saturation‐based T1 mapping and a conventional breath‐hold T2 mapping sequence, respectively.ConclusionThe proposed sequence allows joint estimation of accurate and coregistered quantitative myocardial T1 and T2 maps in a single breath‐hold. Magn Reson Med 76:888–896, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Additional sampling directions improve detection range of wireless radiofrequency probes
Authors: Hoffmann Malte , Mada Marius , Carpenter T. Adrian , Sawiak Stephen J. , Williams Guy B. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeWhile MRI is enhancing our knowledge about the structure and function of the human brain, subject motion remains a problem in many clinical applications. Recently, the use of wireless radiofrequency markers with three one‐dimensional (1D) navigators for prospective correction was demonstrated. This method is restricted in the range of motion that can be corrected, however, because of limited information in the 1D readouts.MethodsHere, the limitation of techniques for disambiguating marker locations was investigated. It was shown that including more sampling directions extends the tracking range for head rotations. The efficiency of trading readout resolution for speed was explored.ResultsTracking of head rotations was demonstrated from −19.2 to 34.4°, −2.7 to 10.0°, and −60.9 to 70.9° in the x‐, y‐, and z‐directions, respectively. In the presence of excessive head motion, the deviation of marker estimates from SPM8 was reduced by 17.1% over existing three‐projection methods. This was achieved by using an additional seven directions, extending the time needed for readouts by a factor of 3.3. Much of this increase may be circumvented by reducing resolution, without compromising accuracy.ConclusionIncluding additional sampling directions extends the range in which markers can be used, for patients who move a lot. Magn Reson Med 76:913–918, 2016. © 2015 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Predictive factors of adverse events after intravesical suburothelial onabotulinumtoxina injections for overactive bladder syndrome—A real‐life practice of 290 cases in a single center
Authors: Jiang Yuan‐Hong , Ong Hueih‐Ling , Kuo Hann‐Chorng 
Published: September 2015

AimsPatients often experience adverse events (AEs) after intravesical onabotulinumtoxinA (BoNT‐A) treatment for overactive bladder refractory to antimuscarinic agents. We investigated the prevalence and predictive factors of AEs in such patients.MethodsA total of 290 patients underwent intravesical BoNT‐A (100 U) suburothelial injection. The age, gender, overactive bladder subtypes, medical co‐morbidities, and neurological diseases of the patients were recorded. The maximum flow rate (Qmax), voided volume, post‐void residual (PVR) volume, and voiding efficiency (VE) at baseline were analyzed to identify adverse events within 3 months after treatment.ResultsAcute urinary retention (AUR) developed in 24 patients (8.3%), and urinary tract infection (UTI) occurred in 44 (15.2%) within 3 months of treatment. Large PVR volume (>200 ml) occurred in 81 (27.9%), 68 (24.3%), and 49 (18.4%) patients 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment, respectively. AUR developed significantly more often in men, patients >61 years old, those with a baseline Qmax ≤15 ml/sec, PVR ≥100 ml, and VE <90%. Patients older than 61 years had a higher incidence of large PVR 1 month after treatment. Female gender and a baseline PVR volume ≥100 ml had a greater incidence of UTI. Age >61 years, low Qmax, low voiding efficiency, and large PVR at baseline were also risk factors for adverse events.ConclusionAUR, UTI, and large PVR volume are common AEs after BoNT‐A treatment. Patients with overactive bladders that are at risk of developing AEs after BoNT‐A injection should be informed of the possible AEs. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:142–147, 2017. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of high nano‐SiO2 contents on properties of epoxy‐modified polybenzoxazine
Authors: Okhawilai Manunya , Dueramae Isala , Jubsilp Chanchira , Rimdusit Sarawut 
Published: September 2015

High‐performance nanosilica composites based on epoxy‐modified polybenzoxazine matrices are developed. Chemorheological study of benzoxazine–epoxy resin mixtures reveals that processing window of the benzoxazine resin (BA‐a) is substantially broadened with an addition of the liquid epoxy. Glass transition temperature (Tg) of the BA‐a copolymerized with epoxy resin shows a synergistic behavior with a maximum Tg value (174°C) at the benzoxazine–epoxy mass ratio of 80:20. The copolymer at this composition is also used as a matrix for nano‐SiO2 composites. A very low melt viscosity of the benzoxazine–epoxy mixtures promotes good processability with the maximum attainable nano‐SiO2 loading up to 35 wt%. From scanning electron microscopy investigation, fracture surface of the 35 wt% nano‐SiO2‐filled benzoxazine–epoxy composite reveals relatively homogeneous distribution of the nano‐SiO2 in the copolymer with good particle wet‐out. In addition, very high reinforcing effect was also observed in such high content of the nano‐SiO2, i.e., about 2.5 times in modulus improvement. This improvement is attributed to the strong bonding between the copolymer matrix and the nano‐SiO2 through ether linkage as confirmed by Fourier‐transform infrared investigation. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:2261–2271, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Synthesis of the first hyperbranched polyorganoethoxysilsesquioxanes and their chemical transformations to functional core–shell nanogel systems
Authors: Migulin Dmitry , Tatarinova Elena , Meshkov Ivan , Cherkaev Georgy , Vasilenko Natalia , Buzin Michail , Muzafarov Aziz 
Published: September 2015

AbstractHyperbranched polyvinyl‐ and polymethylethoxysiloxanes were obtained for the first time by heterofunctional polycondensation of the corresponding organoethoxysilanols derived from relevant monosodium organodiethoxysilanolates. Synthesized structures were characterized using 29Si NMR, 1H NMR and infrared spectroscopies, gel permeation chromatography and elemental analysis. On the basis of the obtained hyperbranched polyorganoethoxysiloxanes, new ‘core–shell’ structured polyvinyl‐ and polymethylsilsesquioxanes with adjustable sizes, different crosslinking densities and variable chemical natures of the core–shell surroundings were prepared, investigated and characterized using 1H NMR and infrared spectroscopies, gel permeation chromatography, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and elemental analysis. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Analysis of TMEFF2 allografts and transgenic mouse models reveals roles in prostate regeneration and cancer
Authors: Corbin Joshua M. , Overcash Ryan F. , Wren Jonathan D. , Coburn Anita , Tipton Greg J. , Ezzell Jennifer A. , McNaughton Kirk K. , Fung Kar‐Ming , Kosanke Stanley D. , Ruiz‐Echevarria Maria J. 
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUNDPrevious results from our lab indicate a tumor suppressor role for the transmembrane protein with epidermal growth factor and two follistatin motifs 2 (TMEFF2) in prostate cancer (PCa). Here, we further characterize this role and uncover new functions for TMEFF2 in cancer and adult prostate regeneration.METHODSThe role of TMEFF2 was examined in PCa cells using MatrigelTM cultures and allograft models of PCa cells. In addition, we developed a transgenic mouse model that expresses TMEFF2 from a prostate specific promoter. Anatomical, histological, and metabolic characterizations of the transgenic mouse prostate were conducted. The effect of TMEFF2 in prostate regeneration was studied by analyzing branching morphogenesis in the TMEFF2‐expressing mouse lobes and alterations in branching morphogenesis were correlated with the metabolomic profiles of the mouse lobes. The role of TMEFF2 in prostate tumorigenesis in whole animals was investigated by crossing the TMEFF2 transgenic mice with the TRAMP mouse model of PCa and analyzing the histopathological changes in the progeny.RESULTSEctopic expression of TMEFF2 impairs growth of PCa cells in Matrigel or allograft models. Surprisingly, while TMEFF2 expression in the TRAMP mouse did not have a significant effect on the glandular prostate epithelial lesions, the double TRAMP/TMEFF2 transgenic mice displayed an increased incidence of neuroendocrine type tumors. In addition, TMEFF2 promoted increased branching specifically in the dorsal lobe of the prostate suggesting a potential role in developmental processes. These results correlated with data indicating an alteration in the metabolic profile of the dorsal lobe of the transgenic TMEFF2 mice.CONCLUSIONSCollectively, our results confirm the tumor suppressor role of TMEFF2 and suggest that ectopic expression of TMEFF2 in mouse prostate leads to additional lobe‐specific effects in prostate regeneration and tumorigenesis. This points to a complex and multifunctional role for TMEFF2 during PCa progression. Prostate 76:97–113, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chromatin Remodeling Factor Brg1 Supports the Early Maintenance and Late Responsiveness of Nestin-Lineage Adult Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells
Authors: Petrik David , Latchney Sarah E. , Masiulis Irene , Yun Sanghee , Zhang Zilai , Wu Jiang I. , Eisch Amelia J. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Insights from embryonic development suggest chromatin remodeling is important in adult neural stem cells (aNSCs) maintenance and self-renewal, but this concept has not been fully explored in the adult brain. To assess the role of chromatin remodeling in adult neurogenesis, we inducibly deleted Brg1—the core subunit of SWI/SNF-like Brg1/Brm-associated factor chromatin remodeling complexes—in nestin-expressing aNSCs and their progeny in vivo and in culture. This resulted in abnormal adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus, which initially reduced hippocampal aNSCs and progenitor maintenance, and later reduced its responsiveness to physiological stimulation. Mechanistically, deletion of Brg1 appeared to impair cell cycle progression, which is partially due to elevated p53 pathway and p21 expression. Knockdown of p53 rescued the neurosphere growth defects caused by Brg1 deletion. Our results show that epigenetic chromatin remodeling (via a Brg1 and p53/p21-dependent process) determines the aNSCs and progenitor maintenance and responsiveness of neurogenesis. Stem Cells 2015;33:3655–3665
Stem Cell Antigen-1 Identifies a Distinct Androgen-Independent Murine Prostatic Luminal Cell Lineage with Bipotent Potential
Authors: Kwon Oh-Joon , Zhang Li , Xin Li 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Recent lineage tracing studies support the existence of prostate luminal progenitors that possess extensive regenerative capacity, but their identity remains unknown. We show that Sca-1 (stem cell antigen-1) identifies a small population of murine prostate luminal cells that reside in the proximal prostatic ducts adjacent to the urethra. Sca-1+ luminal cells do not express Nkx3.1. They do not carry the secretory function, although they express the androgen receptor. These cells are enriched in the prostates of castrated mice. In the in vitro prostate organoid assay, a small fraction of the Sca-1+ luminal cells are capable of generating budding organoids that are morphologically distinct from those derived from other cell lineages. Histologically, this type of organoid is composed of multiple inner layers of luminal cells surrounded by multiple outer layers of basal cells. When passaged, these organoids retain their morphological and histological features. Finally, the Sca-1+ luminal cells are capable of forming small prostate glands containing both basal and luminal cells in an in vivo prostate regeneration assay. Collectively, our study establishes the androgen-independent and bipotent organoid-forming Sca-1+ luminal cells as a functionally distinct cellular entity. These cells may represent a putative luminal progenitor population and serve as a cellular origin for castration resistant prostate cancer.