bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Restoring the anatomical tibial slope and limb axis may maximise post-operative flexion in posterior-stabilised total knee replacements
Authors: Singh G. , Tan J. H. , Sng B. Y. , Awiszus F. , Lohmann C. H. , Nathan S. S. 
Published: September 2013

The optimal management of the tibial slope in achieving a high flexion angle in posterior-stabilised (PS) total knee replacement (TKR) is not well understood, and most studies evaluating the posterior tibial slope have been conducted on cruciate-retaining TKRs. We analysed pre- and post-operative tibial slope differences, pre- and post-operative coronal knee alignment and post-operative maximum flexion angle in 167 patients undergoing 209 TKRs. The mean pre-operative posterior tibial slope was 8.6° (1.3° to 17°) and post-operatively it was 8.0° (0.1° to 16.7°). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the absolute difference between pre- and post-operative tibial slope (p < 0.001), post-operative coronal alignment (p = 0.02) and pre-operative range of movement (p < 0.001) predicted post-operative flexion. The variance of change in tibial slope became larger as the post-operative maximum flexion angle decreased. The odds ratio of having a post-operative flexion angle < 100° was 17.6 if the slope change was > 2°. Our data suggest that recreation of the anatomical tibial slope appears to improve maximum flexion after posterior-stabilised TKR, provided coronal alignment has been restored. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:1354–8.
Internal fixation of intracapsular fractures of the hip using a dynamic locking plate
Authors: Parker M. , Cawley S. , Palial V. 
Published: September 2013

A consecutive series of 320 patients with an intracapsular fracture of the hip treated with a dynamic locking plate (Targon Femoral Neck (TFN)) were reviewed. All surviving patients were followed for a minimum of two years. During the follow-up period 109 patients died. There were 112 undisplaced fractures, of which three (2.7%) developed nonunion or re-displacement and five (4.5%) developed avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Revision to an arthroplasty was required for five patients (4.5%). A further six patients (5.4%) had elective removal of the plate and screws. There were 208 displaced fractures, of which 32 (15.4%) developed nonunion or re-displacement and 23 (11.1%) developed avascular necrosis. A further four patients (1.9%) developed a secondary fracture around the TFN. Revision to a hip replacement was required for 43 patients (20.7%) patients and a further seven (3.3%) had elective removal of the plate and screws. It is suggested that the stronger distal fixation combined with rotational stability may lead to a reduced incidence of complications related to the healing of the fracture when compared with other contemporary fixation devices but this needs to be confirmed in further studies. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:1402–5.
Differences in the locations and modes of labral tearing between dysplastic hips and those with femoroacetabular impingement
Authors: Tamura S. , Nishii T. , Takao M. , Sakai T. , Yoshikawa H. , Sugano N. 
Published: September 2013

We investigated differences in the location and mode of labral tears between dysplastic hips and hips with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). We also investigated the relationship between labral tear and adjacent cartilage damage. We retrospectively studied 72 symptomatic hips (in 68 patients: 19 men and 49 women) with radiological evidence of dysplasia or FAI on high-resolution CT arthrography. The incidence and location of labral tears and modes of tear associated with the base of the labrum (Mode 1) or body of the labrum (Mode 2) were compared among FAI, mildly dysplastic and severely dysplastic hips. The locations predominantly involved with labral tears were different in FAI and mild dysplastic hips (anterior and anterosuperior zones) and in severely dysplastic hips (anterosuperior and superior zones) around the acetabulum. Significant differences were observed in the prevalence of Mode 1 versus Mode 2 tears in FAI hips (72% (n = 13) vs 28% (n = 5)) and severe dysplastic hips (25% (n = 2) vs 75% (n = 6)). The frequency of cartilage damage adjacent to Mode 1 tears was significantly higher (42% (n = 14)) than that adjacent to Mode 2 tears (14% (n = 3)).Hip pathology is significantly related to the locations and modes of labral tears. Mode 1 tears may be a risk factor for the development of adjacent acetabular cartilage damage.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:1320–5.
Surgical correction of a rotational deformity of the shoulder in patients with obstetric brachial plexus palsy
Authors: Hultgren T. , Jönsson K. , Pettersson H. , Hammarberg H. 
Published: September 2013

We evaluated results at one year after surgical correction of internal rotation deformities in the shoulders of 270 patients with obstetric brachial plexus palsy. The mean age at surgery was 6.2 years (0.6 to 35). Two techniques were used: open subscapularis elongation and latissimus dorsi to infraspinatus transfer. In addition, open relocation was performed or attempted in all patients with subluxed or dislocated joints. A mixed effects model approach was used to evaluate the effects of surgery on internal and external rotation, abduction, flexion and Mallet score. Independent factors included operative status (pre- or post-operative), gender, age, the condition of the joint, and whether or not transfer was performed. The overall mean improvement in external rotation following surgery was 84.6° (95% confidence interval (CI) 80.2 to 89.1) and the mean Mallet score improved by 4.0 (95% CI 3.7 to 4.2). There was a mean decrease in internal rotation of between 27.6° and 34.4° in the relocated joint groups and 8.6° (95% CI 5.2 to 12.0) in the normal joint group. Abduction and flexion were unchanged following surgery. Adding a latissimus dorsi transfer did not result in greater improvement in the mean external rotation compared with elongation of the subscapularis alone. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:1432–8.
The recovery position for posterior surgery of the ankle and hindfoot
Authors: Gougoulias N. , Dawe E. J. C. , Sakellariou A. 
Published: September 2013

Most posterior hindfoot procedures have been described with the patient positioned prone. This affords excellent access to posterior hindfoot structures but has several disadvantages for the management of the airway, the requirement for an endotracheal tube in all patients, difficulty with ventilation and an increased risk of pressure injuries, especially with regard to reduced ocular perfusion. We describe use of the ‘recovery position’, which affords equivalent access to the posterior aspect of the ankle and hindfoot without the morbidity associated with the prone position. A laryngeal mask rather than endotracheal tube may be used in most patients. In this annotation we describe this technique, which offers a safe and simple alternative method of positioning patients for posterior hindfoot and ankle surgery. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:1317–19.
Revenue Comparison in Asymmetric Auctions with Discrete Valuations
Authors: Doni Nicola , Menicucci Domenico 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe consider an asymmetric auction setting with two bidders such that the valuation of each bidder has a binary support. First, we characterize the unique equilibrium outcome in the first price auction for any values of parameters. Then we compare the first price auction with the second price auction in terms of expected revenue. Under the assumption that the probabilities of low values are the same for the two bidders, we obtain two main results: (i) the second price auction yields a higher revenue unless the distribution of a bidder’s valuation first-order stochastically dominates the distribution of the other bidder’s valuation “in a strong sense” and (ii) introducing reserve prices implies that the first price auction is never superior to the second price auction. In addition, in some cases, the revenue in the first price auction decreases when all the valuations increase.
On Cardinal Spline Interpolation
Authors: Grigorieff Rolf D. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract.

In the present paper it is shown that the interpolation problem for multiple knot cardinal splines subject to general interpolation conditions has a unique solution with polynomial growth if the data grow correspondingly provided a certain determinantal condition is satisfied. An application to Hs
error estimates for the interpolation with periodic multiple knot splines is given.
Implementing Galerkin Finite Element Methods for Semilinear Elliptic Differential Inclusions
Authors: Rieger Janosch 
Published: September 2013

Abstract.

This paper presents the first feasible method for the approximation of solution sets
of semi-linear elliptic partial differential inclusions. It is based on a new Galerkin Finite Element
approach that projects the original differential inclusion to a finite-dimensional subspace of .
The problem that remains is to discretize the unknown solution set of the resulting finite-dimensional
algebraic inclusion in such a way that efficient algorithms for its computation can be designed
and error estimates can be proved.
One such discretization and the corresponding basic algorithm are presented along with several enhancements, and the algorithm is applied to two model problems.
Efficiency and Optimality of Some Weighted-Residual Error Estimator for Adaptive 2D Boundary Element Methods
Authors: Aurada Markus , Feischl Michael , Führer Thomas , Karkulik Michael , Praetorius Dirk 
Published: September 2013

Abstract.
We prove convergence and quasi-optimality of a lowest-order adaptive
boundary element method for a weakly-singular integral equation in 2D.
The adaptive mesh-refinement is driven by the weighted-residual
error estimator. By proving that this estimator is not only reliable, but under some
regularity assumptions on the given data also efficient on locally refined meshes, we characterize the approximation class in terms of the Galerkin error only.
In particular, this yields that no
adaptive strategy can do better, and the weighted-residual error estimator is thus an optimal choice to steer the adaptive mesh-refinement. As a side result, we prove a
weak form of the saturation assumption.
Artificial Immune System for Multi-Area Economic Dispatch
Authors: De Shankha Suvra , Hazra Abhik , Basu Mousumi 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This article presents artificial immune system for solving multi-area economic dispatch (MAED) problem with tie line constraints considering transmission losses, multiple fuels, valve-point loading and prohibited operating zones. Artificial immune system is based on the clonal selection principle which implements adaptive cloning, hyper mutation, aging operator and tournament selection. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm has been verified on three different test systems, both small and large, involving varying degree of complexity. Compared with differential evolution, evolutionary programming and real-coded genetic algorithm, considering the quality of the solution obtained, the proposed algorithm seems to be a promising alternative approach for solving the MAED problems in practical power system.
Route dialogue partitions: Interactions between semantics and pragmatics
Authors: Mosca, Monica 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This article proposes a model for route description dialogues based on the integration of the theories about route directions with those related to specific spatial instructions. This proposal is based empirically on a corpus of spoken Italian. The analysis of the corpus has shown that the basic dialogue strategy proposed by previous researchers requires further integration and elaboration. Also the model of spatial language developed in cognitive linguistics applies to the description of the giver�s instructions and directions, despite the fact that the literature in the field often overlooks this approach. This way of accounting for route descriptions is suitable to explain the lexicalization of the conceptualization of the displacements the follower must accomplish. A model of dialogue partitions integrated with the cognitive modelling of spatial language is proposed and supported by examples from the linguistic data.
Hospitalist and Nonhospitalist Adherence to Evidence-Based Quality Metrics for Bronchiolitis
Authors: McCulloh Russell J. , Smitherman Sarah , Adelsky Solomon , Congdon Morgan , Librizzi Jamie , Koehn Kristin , Alverson Brian 
Published: September 2013

Objectives:
Hospitalists are a new subgroup of pediatricians. However, data comparing quality of care between hospitalists and nonhospitalists are limited. Bronchiolitis, a common cause of pediatric hospital admission, is an appropriate condition for evaluating inpatient quality of care. The goal of this study was to identify quality indicators for the evaluation and treatment of children hospitalized with bronchiolitis based on the 2006 American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines and to assess differences in adherence rates to these indicators between hospitalist and nonhospitalist pediatricians.

Methods:
This was a retrospective chart review of children admitted to 2 academic centers in 2007 and 2008. Reviewers selected charts with a discharge diagnosis of bronchiolitis and collected data on evaluation, treatment, length of stay, readmission, and adverse outcomes.

Results:
Reviewers analyzed 713 charts. In children without objective response to bronchodilator therapy, hospitalists and nonhospitalists discontinued albuterol and racemic epinephrine similarly. Hospitalists discontinued unnecessary systemic corticosteroid therapy (75.0% vs 42.4%; P = .001) and antibiotic therapy (71.0% vs 48.6%; P = .007) more frequently than nonhospitalists.

Conclusions:
These data suggest hospitalists better adhere to selected portions of the American Academy of Pediatrics bronchiolitis guidelines, thus providing higher quality of care. Quality indicators used in this study can distinguish physician performance in the inpatient management of bronchiolitis.
Risk Factors for Complications in Hospitalized Young Infants Presenting With Uncomplicated Pertussis
Authors: Wallace Sowdhamini S. , Cruz Andrea T. , Quinonez Ricardo A. , Caviness A. Chantal 
Published: September 2013

Objective:We sought to identify risk factors for complications in hospitalized young infants with uncomplicated pertussis.Methods:Retrospective cohort study of hospitalized infants 0 to 6 months of age with confirmed pertussis from 2005 to 2009. Subjects presenting without complications or need for initial intensive care admission were deemed to have uncomplicated pertussis. Complications during hospitalization were defined as apnea, pneumonia, seizures, or encephalopathy. Univariate analysis was performed by estimating odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between each variable and the occurrence of complications. Multivariable analysis was performed using logistic regression. Clinical variables included demographics, historical, laboratory, and imaging data.Results:Of 126 study subjects, 46 (36.5%) developed complications in the hospital: 43 with apnea (two required endotracheal intubation), seven with pneumonia, and three with seizures; there were no cases of encephalopathy and no deaths. Age less than 60 days (OR, 2.71; 95% CI, 1.08-6.82), cough duration less than 7 days (OR, 5.38; 95% CI, 1.79-16.18), history of color change (OR, 5.24; 95% CI, 1.14-24.07), parental intervention (OR, 10.05; 95% CI, 1.67-60.39), and need for oxygen in the emergency department (OR. 3.94; 95% CI. 1.37-11.36) were associated with development of complications. The median duration of cough at the time of complication was 9 days (range 2-30 days). Initial complete blood cell count and radiographic findings were not associated with complications.Conclusions:Infants with uncomplicated pertussis may be at low risk for developing respiratory failure or death. Historical information may assist practitioners in determining risk for serious complications.
Should blood cultures be obtained in all infants 3 to 36 months presenting with significant fever?
Authors: Rappaport David I. , Cooperberg David , Fliegel Jonathan 
Published: September 2013

Context:
Fever without source (FWS) in children 3-36 months is a common presenting complaint. Because of changes in immunization practices and their effects on rates of bacteremia, older guidelines may no longer be applicable. We reviewed the literature regarding the necessity of obtaining a blood culture in non-toxic children in this age group with FWS.

Data Sources:
We conducted a MEDLINE search on the topic of bacteremia in febrile children 3-36 months from 2004-present.

Results:
Eight studies were included. Although the studies varied in terms of approach and analysis, all suggested a rate of bacteremia in a non-toxic, febrile child 3-36 months of age to be less than 1%.

Conclusions:
Strong consideration should be given for foregoing blood culture in a non-toxic child 3-36 months of age with FWS.
Pediatric Hospitalists’ Perspectives on the Care of Children With Medical Complexity
Authors: Adame Noemi , Rocha Mary E.M. , Louden Chris , Agrawal Rishi 
Published: September 2013

Objective:The aims of this study were to identify pediatric hospitalists’ perceived views of (1) barriers to delivering care to children with medical complexity (CMC) and (2) their preferred model of inpatient health care delivery for CMC.Subjects:American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Hospital Medicine (AAP-SOHM) Listserv subscribers.Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional survey of subscribers of the AAP-SOHM Listserv using the survey instrument SurveyMonkey®. Our survey was coadministered with a survey on pediatric hospitalist career satisfaction.Results:The most significant barriers to delivering care to CMC were (1) time constraints (89%), (2) inadequate postdischarge resources (75%), and (3) lack of evidence-based guidelines (64%). Although most pediatric hospitalists in an inpatient service currently care for both CMC and non-CMC patients (91%), only 25% perceive this to be the optimal service model for CMC. The majority of hospitalists (56%) believe that CMC are better served by either an inpatient service dedicated to CMC (30%) or comanaged with an inpatient consult service for CMC (26%).Conclusions:Identifying the perceived barriers to delivering care to CMC can assist pediatric hospitalists to design studies determining if care delivery is affected by these barriers. Most hospitalists care for CMC on the same service as uncomplicated patients, yet over half perceive that a different model of care delivery would better serve the needs of CMC.
Residency Factors That Influence Pediatric In-Training Examination Score Improvement
Authors: Chase Lindsay H. , Highbaugh-Battle Angela P. , Buchter Susie 
Published: September 2013

Objective:
The goal of this study was to determine which measurable factors of resident training experience contribute to improvement of in-training examination (ITE) and certifying examination (CE) scores.

Methods:
This is a descriptive retrospective study analyzing data from July 2003 through June 2006 at a large academic pediatric training program. Pediatric categorical residents beginning residency in July 2003 were included. Regression analyses were used to determine if the number of admissions performed, core lectures attended, acute care topics heard, grand rounds attended, continuity clinic patients encountered, or procedures performed correlated with improvement of ITE scores. These factors were then analyzed in relation to CE scores.

Results:
Seventeen residents were included in this study. The number of general pediatric admissions was the only factor found to correlate with an increase in ITE score (P = .04). Scores for the ITE at pediatric levels 1 and 3 were predictive of CE scores. No other factors measured were found to influence CE scores.

Conclusions:
Although all experiences of pediatric residents likely contribute to professional competence, some experiences may have more effect on ITE and CE scores. In this study, only general pediatric admissions correlated significantly with an improvement in ITE scores from year 1 to year 3. Further study is needed to identify which elements of the residency experience contribute most to CE success. This would be helpful in optimizing residency program structure and curriculum within the limitations of duty hour regulations.
Prevalence, Characteristics, and Opinions of Pediatric Rapid Response Teams in the United States
Authors: Chen J. Gene , Kemper Alex R. , Odetola Folafoluwa , Cheifetz Ira M. , Turner David A. 
Published: September 2013

Objective:
Rapid response teams (RRTs) have been proposed as patient safety initiatives for hospitalized children. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, characteristics, and opinions of RRTs in hospitals with PICUs in the United States.

Methods:
This study was conducted as a cross-sectional survey of PICU physicians in adult and children’s hospitals that care for children. One survey was sent to the PICU medical director in each hospital. The primary outcome was the presence of an RRT. Other outcomes included RRT characteristics and beliefs regarding their impact on patient safety.

Results:
The survey response rate was 64% (134 of 210). Of the responding institutions, 79% (103) had an RRT; most of these teams were implemented in the last 5 years. Family activation was present in 69%, and automatic triggers existed in 34% of cases. RRTs included a median of 3 members and were composed of physicians in 77%, nurses in 100%, and respiratory therapists in 89% of institutions. Respondents with RRTs were more likely to agree that RRTs improve patient safety than respondents without RRTs (76% vs 52%) and more likely to disagree that they are not worth the money invested (82% vs 63%).

Conclusions:
Although the evidence and opinions on the benefit of RRTs are mixed, the majority of US hospitals with PICUs have implemented RRTs. These systems demonstrate variability in activation mechanisms and team composition. Hospitals may be empirically adopting these initiatives without knowledge of the specific characteristics that are optimal for patient outcomes.