bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Provenance and rift basin architecture of the Neoproterozoic Hedmark Basin, South Norway inferred from U–Pb ages and Lu–Hf isotopes of conglomerate clasts and detrital zircons
Authors: LAMMINEN JARKKO , ANDERSEN TOM , NYSTUEN JOHAN PETTER 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe Neoproterozoic Hedmark Basin in the Caledonides of South Norway was formed at the western margin of the continent Baltica by rifting 750–600 Ma ago. The margin was destroyed in the Caledonian Orogeny and sedimentary basins translated eastwards. This study uses provenance analysis to map the crustal architecture of the pre-Caledonian SW Baltican margin. Conglomerate clasts and sandstones were sampled from submarine fan, alluvial fan and terrestrial glacigenic sedimentary rocks. Samples were analysed for U–Pb isotopes and clast samples additionally for Lu–Hf isotopes. The clasts are mainly granitesc. 960 Ma and 1680 Ma old, coeval with the Sveconorwegian Orogeny and formation of the Palaeoproterozoic Transscandinavian Igneous Belt (TIB). Mesoproterozoic (Sveconorwegian) ages are abundant in the western part of the basin, whereas Palaeoproterozoic ages are common in the east. Lu–Hf isotopes support crustally contaminated source for all clasts linking them to Fennoscandia. Detrital zircon ages of the sandstones can be matched with those from the granitic clasts except for ages within the range 1200–1500 Ma. These ages are typically found in the present-day Telemark, SW Norway. The sandstones and conglomerate clasts in the western part of the Hedmark Basin were sourced from the Sveconorwegian domain in the present SW Norway or its continuation to the present-day NW. The conglomerate clasts in the eastern part of the Hedmark Basin were sourced mainly from the TIB domain or its northwesterly continuation. The Hedmark Basin was initiated within the boundary of two domains in the basement: the TIB and the Sveconorwegian domains.
Corrigendum on Semiclassical relativistic fluid theory for electrostatic envelope modes in dense electron–positron–ion plasmas: Modulational instability & rogue waves
Authors: KOURAKIS IOANNIS , MC KERR MICHAEL , UR-RAHMAN ATA 
Published: May 2014

There is a typographical error in our recently published paper (Kourakis et al. 2014), namely, in the algebraic expression for the quantity C210 provided in the Appendix.The correct expression for C210 should read:
${C}_{2_1}^0=\frac{c_1\left(\frac{c_1+k^2}{b}\right)^2\left(\frac{2v_g\omega}{k}+\frac{\omega^2}{k^2}\right)-2ac_2}{c_1v_g^2-ab} \, .\$The modification is limited to the presentation of the algebraic calculation, hence the plots presented in the paper are not affected by the typographical error.
The communication experiences of patients with palliative care needs: A systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative findings
Authors: Murray Craig D. , McDonald Claire , Atkin Heather 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjective:Optimal communication is essential in ensuring that the palliative care needs of patients are met. This continues to be an area of concern for healthcare providers. The goal of our present review was to gain a deeper understanding of the communication experiences of patients with palliative care needs that have been identified within the qualitative literature.Method:A systematic search for qualitative research papers was undertaken in February of 2012. Five databases (ASSIA, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsychArticles, and PsychINFO) were searched using the search terms [“palliative care” OR “terminal care” OR “end of life care”] AND [“experience” OR “perspective” OR “qualitative” OR “interview”] AND [“patients” OR “clients” OR “service-user”]. Meta-synthesis was conducted on the data within the found papers.Results:A line-of-argument synthesis of 15 studies yielded four overarching themes: talking—facilitating and inhibiting factors; the importance of humanitarian qualities within communication encounters; perceptions of autonomy within communication experiences; and individual differences in preferences for honesty within interactions.Significance of results:Our findings are discussed in relation to existing literature and offer a deeper insight into the communication experiences of this clinical population. A number of clinical implications are offered for the healthcare professionals who are providing support to patients with palliative care needs.
The more, the merrier: heterotroph richness stimulates methanotrophic activity
Authors: Ho Adrian , de Roy Karen , Thas Olivier , De Neve Jan , Hoefman Sven , Vandamme Peter , Heylen Kim , Boon Nico 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Although microorganisms coexist in the same environment, it is still unclear how their interaction regulates ecosystem functioning. Using a methanotroph as a model microorganism, we determined how methane oxidation responds to heterotroph diversity. Artificial communities comprising of a methanotroph and increasing heterotroph richness, while holding equal starting cell numbers were assembled. We considered methane oxidation rate as a functional response variable. Our results showed a significant increase of methane oxidation with increasing heterotroph richness, suggesting a complex interaction in the cocultures leading to a stimulation of methanotrophic activity. Therefore, not only is the methanotroph diversity directly correlated to methanotrophic activity for some methanotroph groups as shown before, but also the richness of heterotroph interacting partners is relevant to enhance methane oxidation too. In this unprecedented study, we provide direct evidence showing how heterotroph richness exerts a response in methanotroph–heterotroph interaction, resulting in increased methanotrophic activity. Our study has broad implications in how methanotroph and heterotroph interact to regulate methane oxidation, and is particularly relevant in methane-driven ecosystems.
Trans-generational Effects of Early Life Stress: The Role of Maternal Behavior
Authors: Schmauss Claudia , Lee-McDermott Zoe , Medina Liorimar Ramos 
Published: May 2014

AbstractUsing a rodent paradigm of early life stress, infant maternal separation (IMS), we examined whether IMS-triggered behavioral and epigenetic phenotypes of the stress-susceptible mouse strain Balb/c are propagated across generations. These phenotypes include impaired emotional behavior and deficits in executive cognitive functions in adulthood and they are associated with increased acetylation of histone H4K12 protein (acH4K12) in the forebrain neocortex. These behavioral and epigenetic phenotypes are transmitted to the first progeny of IMS Balb/c mothers, but not fathers and cross-fostering experiments revealed that this transmission is triggered by maternal behavior and modulated by the genetic background of the pups. In the continued absence of the original stressor, this transmission fades in later progenies. An adolescent treatment that lowers the levels of acH4K12 in IMS Balb/c mice augments their emotional abnormality but abolishes their cognitive deficits. Conversely, a treatment that further elevates the levels of acH4K12 improved the emotional phenotype but had no effects on the cognitive deficits. Moreover, treatments that prevent the emergence of either emotional or cognitive deficits in the mother also prevent the establishment of such deficits in her offspring, indicating that trans-generational effects of early life stress can be prevented.
Removing singular refractive indices with sculpted surfaces
Authors: Horsley S. A. R. , Hooper I. R. , Mitchell–Thomas R. C. , Quevedo–Teruel O. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe advent of Transformation Optics established the link between geometry and material properties and has resulted in a degree of control over electromagnetic fields that was previously impossible. For waves confined to a surface it is known that there is a simpler, but related, geometrical equivalence between the surface shape and the refractive index and here we demonstrate that conventional devices possessing a singularity — that is, the requirement of an infinite refractive index — can be realised for waves confined to an appropriately sculpted surface. In particular, we redesign three singular omnidirectional devices: the Eaton lens, the generalized Maxwell Fish–Eye and the invisible sphere. Our designs perfectly reproduce the behaviour of these singular devices and can be achieved with simple isotropic media of low refractive index contrast.
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa type IV pilus assembly system in three dimensions.
Authors: Tammam S. , Howell P. L. , Burrows L. L. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

This chapter discusses recent structure-function insights into type IV pilus (T4P) and type II secretion (T2S) components, highlighting those that might relate to the motility function of T4aP. It also offers explanations on how and where the assembly systems are inserted into the cell envelope, and how assembly dynamics may be controlled.
Corynebacterium diphtheriae pili: assembly, structure and function.
Authors: Huang I. H. , Hung T. T. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

This chapter reviews current knowledge of the pilus assembly mechanism in Corynebacterium diphtheriae as well as the importance of C. diphtheriae pili as adhesive determinants. Three-dimensional structural insights into pilus assembly in C. diphtheriae, and functional features of C. diphtheriae pili are presented.
Three-dimensional structures of pilin subunits and their role in Gram-positive pilus assembly and stability.
Authors: Paterson N. G. , Baker E. N. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Gram-positive bacterial pili are comprised of chains of covalently linked pilin subunits, resulting in long (3-5 µm) and very thin (∼3 nm) fibres whose primary role is adhesion, both in colonization and as an aid to biofilm formation. This chapter focuses on insights that have come from structural studies of the individual pilin subunits, primarily crystallographic analyses, but complemented by electron microscopy (EM) studies of the fibres themselves. High-resolution structural studies of the individual pilin components have given remarkable new insights into the fine structure of Gram-positive bacterial pili. These have included the discovery of autocatalytically-formed internal isopeptide bonds, which provide a completely unanticipated means of stabilizing these assemblies; the discovery of novel structures in the adhesin subunits that suggest how these may engage host cells; the recognition of the modular nature of pilin subunits, with repeated Ig-like domains; and testable models for the assembled pili.
The role of pili in the formation of biofilm and bacterial communities.
Authors: Manetti A. G. O. , Spadafina T. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

This chapter discusses the key role of pili expressed by gram-positive bacterial pathogens in biofilm formation and the influence of environmental factors on their expression. The gram-positive bacterial pathogens described herein include Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, E. faecium, and Actinomyces spp.
Fimbriae/pili from oral bacteria.
Authors: Echlin H. , Wu H. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

This chapter focuses on fimbriae and pili and the recent advances made in understanding their role in bacterial adhesion and invasion in the oral cavity. The two primary groups of gram-positive bacteria present in the oral cavity are Streptococcus and Actinomyces. Gram-negative species often comprise the later colonizers of the oral cavity and the noticeable ones are often regarded as periodontal disease-associated pathogens, including Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum. In this chapter, these bacteria are used as models to discuss bacterial surface structures pili and fimbriae, and their contributions to bacterial adhesion and invasion.
Comparison between conventional and organic agriculture in terms of nutritional quality of food - a critical review.
Authors: Jensen M. M. , Jørgensen H. , Lauridsen C. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The consumption of organic foods has been increasing over the last decades and organic products are becoming more visible on the market. Consumers perceive that organic foods are of better quality, more nutritious and healthier, and these perceptions are some of the main drivers of the organic market. Scientific research on organic foodstuffs is contradictory, and knowledge regarding the effect of cultivation system on the nutritive value and the possible relationship with human health could be further explored. Although some systematic differences in the nutritional content, i.e. nitrogen, protein, vitamin C, phosphorous and phenolic compounds of plant products grown under different cultivation systems have been observed, it is a difficult task to prove the claim that organic food improves human well-being or health after consumption. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the research on nutritional quality of food, comparing conventional and organic agriculture; i.e. the nutrient content of plant products and livestock products, digestibility or bioavailability of the nutrients, preference and the potential health effects after consumption. We established a systematic approach for the identification of components and nutrients that can affect human health, and considered different models (animal and human) in which the potential health effects had been tested. In addition, we found it essential to identify suitable health-related biomarkers as measures for nutritive quality. Reviewing the existing scientific literature on potential relationships between agricultural practice and health, nutritional factors such as vitamin E/antioxidant status and the fatty acid composition appear to be interesting in relation to cultivation systems effect on health. It was concluded that while agricultural practice (i.e. organic and conventional) together with other factors, such as year, location and genotype had an effect on the nutritional quality of the foods, no clear effect could be established on health-related biomarkers.
Engineering the rhizosphere for the purpose of bioremediation: an overview.
Authors: Pajuelo E. , Rodríguez-Llorente I. D. , Lafuente A. , Pérez-Palacios P. , Doukkali B. , Caviedes M. A. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The increasing levels of environmental pollution are a problem that needs urgent solution at a global scale. Bioremediation has emerged in recent decades as an effective environmentally friendly, aesthetic and low-cost technology for the treatment of a wide variety of contaminants. Rhizoremediation involves the removal of pollutants from contaminated sites by mutual interaction of plant roots and suitable microbiota, and it is considered as the most evolved process of phytoremediation. In this work, different updated techniques, including biostimulation, bioagumentation and the use of transgenic plants, modified rhizosphere microorganisms or genetically engineered endophytes for improved rhizoremediation, are reviewed.
Protection of free radical-induced cytotoxicity by 2-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-l-ascorbic acid in human dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Hanada Yukako , Iomori Atsuko , Ishii Rie , Gohda Eiichi , Tai Akihiro 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The stable ascorbic acid (AA) derivative, 2-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-l-ascorbic acid (AA-2G), exhibits vitamin C activity after enzymatic hydrolysis to AA. The biological activity of AA-2G per se has not been studied in detail, although AA-2G has been noted as a stable source for AA supply. The protective effect of AA-2G against the oxidative cell death of human dermal fibroblasts induced by incubating with 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) for 24 h was investigated in this study. AA-2G showed a significant protective effect against the oxidative stress in a concentration-dependent manner. AA-2G did not exert a protective effect during the initial 12 h of incubation, but had a significant protective effect in the later part of the incubation period. Experiments using a α-glucosidase inhibitor and comparative experiments using a stereoisomer of AA-2G confirmed that AA-2G had a protective effect against AAPH-induced cytotoxicity without being converted to AA. Our results provide an insight into the efficacy of AA-2G as a biologically interesting antioxidant and suggest the practical use of AA-2G even before being converted into AA as a beneficial antioxidant.
Sequential formulae for the normal cone to sublevel sets
Authors: Cabot A. , Thibault L. 
Published: May 2014

Let

X
X

be a reflexive Banach space and let

Φ
\Phi

be an extended real-valued lower semicontinuous convex function on

X
X

. Given a real

λ
\lambda

and the sublevel set

S
=
[
Φ
≤
λ
]

S=[\Phi \leq \lambda ]

, we establish at

x
¯

∈
S

{\overline {x}}\in S

the following formula for the normal cone to

S
S

:

(

⋆

)

N
S

(

x
¯

)
=

lim sup

x
→

x
¯

R

+

∂
Φ
(
x
)

if

Φ
(

x
¯

)
=
λ
,

\begin{equation*} N_S(\overline {x}) = \limsup _{x\to \overline {x}} \mathbb {R}_+ \partial \Phi (x) \;\; \text {if} \;\; \Phi (\overline {x}) = \lambda , \tag {$\star $} \end{equation*}

without any qualification condition. The case

Φ
(

x
¯

)
>
λ

\Phi ({\overline {x}})>\lambda

is also studied. Here

R

+

:=
[
0
,
+
∞
[

\mathbb {R}_+:=[0,+\infty [

and

∂
Φ

\partial \Phi

stands for the subdifferential of

Φ
\Phi

in the sense of convex analysis. The proof is based on the sequential convex subdifferential calculus developed previously by the second author. Formula

(
⋆
)

(\star )

is extended to nonreflexive Banach spaces via the use of nets. The normal cone to the intersection of finitely many sublevel sets is also examined, thus leading to new formulae without a qualification condition. Our study goes beyond the convex framework: when

dim
⁡
X
>
+
∞

\dim X>+\infty

, we show that the inclusion of the left member of

(
⋆
)

(\star )

into the right one still holds true for a locally Lipschitz continuous function. Finally, an application of formula

(
⋆
)

(\star )

is given to the study of the asymptotic behavior of some gradient dynamical system.
QZ Aurigae: An eclipsing cataclysmic variable with a white dwarf of almost equivalent mass to its companion
Authors: Shi Guang , Qian Sheng-Bang 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
We present CCD photometric monitoring of the classic nova QZ Aurigae (Nova Aur 1964) since 2008 with the 2.4-m telescope at Lijiang station of Yunnan Astronomical Observatory in China, as well as the 2.16-m telescope and the 85-cm telescope at Xionglong station of the National Astronomical Observatory in China. By utilizing eight new eclipse timings and the data from the last literature, published almost 20 years ago, we construct the O − C diagram of this system to analyze the orbital period variation. We find no evidence of long-term orbital period variations in QZ Aur. Moreover, the light curves showing the main eclipse process of the white dwarf suggest the presence of a bright spot component and a disk, as commonly found in nova-like variables. This may reveal high mass accretion and high mass transfer in this system. However, even high mass transfer rates from the donor are inconsistent with our result of no period variations, unless the mass ratio is almost equal to 1. Hence, the observed results here possibly support that the mass of the primary white dwarf is extremely close to that of the donor star in the eclipsing binary QZ Aur.
Radiation hydrodynamic instability in a plane-parallel, super-Eddington atmosphere: A mechanism for clump formation
Authors: Takeuchi Shun , Ohsuga Ken , Mineshige Shin 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In order to understand the physical processes underlying clump formation in outflow from supercritical accretion flow, we perform two-dimensional radiation hydrodynamic (RHD) simulations. We focus our discussion on the nature of RHD instability in a marginally optically thick, plane–parallel, super-Eddington atmosphere. Initially we set a two-layered atmosphere with a density contrast of 100 exposed to strong, upward continuum-radiation force; the lower layer is denser than the upper one, the condition for RHD instability. We assume non-zero but negligible gravitational force, compared with the radiation force. We find that short-wavelength perturbations grow first, followed by the growth of longer-wavelength patterns, which lead to the formation of clumpy structure. The typical size of clumps (clouds) corresponds to about one optical depth. An anti-correlation between the radiation pressure and the gas pressure is confirmed: this anti-correlation provides a damping mechanism for perturbations of longer wavelength than the typical clump size. Matter and radiation energy densities are correlated. These features are exactly what we found in the radiation-magnetohydrodynamic (radiation-MHD) simulations of supercritical outflow.
Endoscopic Necrosectomy in Children
Authors: Trikudanathan Guru , Arain Mustafa , Mallery Shawn , Freeman Martin , Attam Rajeev 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTAcute pancreatitis in children is rarely complicated by the development of necrosis. Although endoscopic transluminal necrosectomy is evolving as the standard of care in adults, its feasibility in the pediatric population has not been established. We hereby report the first case series of children with necrotizing pancreatitis successfully treated with endoscopic therapy. We believe the use of fully covered self‐expanding metallic stents in the cystgastrostomy may reduce the number of transluminal necrosectomy sessions for large necrotic collections in children.
Preventing Bloodstream Infection in Patients Receiving Home Parenteral Nutrition
Authors: Muir Alison , Holden Christine , Sexton Elaine , Gray James W. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTPatients receiving home parenteral nutrition (HPN) are at particularly high risk of meticillin‐sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) catheter‐related bloodstream infections (CRBSI). We developed a multidisciplinary enhanced care pathway encompassing a number of minimal cost interventions involving line/exit site care, training for staff and parents, multidisciplinary discharge planning, and monitoring compliance. Implementation reduced the mean rates of MSSA CRBSI (from 0.93, 95% CI 0.25–1.61, to 0.23, 95% CI −0.06 to 0.52, per 1000 parenteral nutrition [PN] days) and all‐cause CRBSI (from 1.98, 95% CI 0.77–3.19, to 0.45, 95% CI 0.10–0.80, per 1000 PN days). A similar approach could be applied to preventing health care–associated infections in other complex, vulnerable patient groups.