bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ASTM international workshop on standards and measurements for tissue engineering scaffolds
Authors: Simon Carl G. , Yaszemski Michael J. , Ratcliffe Anthony , Tomlins Paul , Luginbuehl Reto , Tesk John A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe “Workshop on Standards & Measurements for Tissue Engineering Scaffolds” was held on May 21, 2013 in Indianapolis, IN, and was sponsored by the ASTM International (ASTM). The purpose of the workshop was to identify the highest priority items for future standards work for scaffolds used in the development and manufacture of tissue engineered medical products (TEMPs). Eighteen speakers and 78 attendees met to assess current scaffold standards and to prioritize needs for future standards. A key finding was that the ASTM TEMPs subcommittees (F04.41‐46) have many active “guide” documents for educational purposes, but few standard “test methods” or “practices.” Overwhelmingly, the most clearly identified need was standards for measuring the structure of scaffolds, followed by standards for biological characterization, including in vitro testing, animal models and cell‐material interactions. The third most pressing need was to develop standards for assessing the mechanical properties of scaffolds. Additional needs included standards for assessing scaffold degradation, clinical outcomes with scaffolds, effects of sterilization on scaffolds, scaffold composition, and drug release from scaffolds. Discussions highlighted the need for additional scaffold reference materials and the need to use them for measurement traceability. Workshop participants emphasized the need to promote the use of standards in scaffold fabrication, characterization, and commercialization. Finally, participants noted that standards would be more broadly accepted if their impact in the TEMPs community could be quantified. Many scaffold standard needs have been identified and focus is turning to generating these standards to support the use of scaffolds in TEMPs. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 949–959, 2015.
Violations of War: Testing the Meaning‐Making Model Among Vietnam Veterans
Authors: Steger Michael F. , Owens Gina P. , Park Crystal L. 
Published: September 2014

ObjectivePosttrauma adjustment theories postulate that intense stressors violate people's beliefs about the world and perceived ability to achieve valued goals. Failure to make meaning from traumatic events exacerbates negative adjustment (e.g., PTSD), whereas success facilitates positive adjustment (e.g., stress‐related growth). The current study aimed to test this model of direct and indirect effects among a sample of veterans.MethodVietnam veterans (N = 130) completed assessment measures in an online survey format. Participants were largely male (91%) and Caucasian (93%) with a mean age of 61 years.ResultsResults supported basic model tenets, linking military stress severity to violations of beliefs and goals. In the final model, only goal violations carried indirect effects of severity on PTSD symptoms. Presence of and search for meaning carried a portion of the indirect effects between goal violations and both PTSD and stress‐related growth.ConclusionFindings suggest that traumatic stress may disrupt people's goals and meaning‐making may center on these disruptions.
Characterization and kinetic performance of 2.1 × 100 mm production columns packed with new 1.6 μm superficially porous particles
Authors: Gritti Fabrice , Shiner Stephen , Fairchild Jacob N. , Guiochon Georges 
Published: September 2014

The overall kinetic performance of three production columns (2.1 mm × 100 mm format) packed with 1.6 μm superficially porous CORTECS‐C18+ particles was assessed on a low‐dispersive I‐class ACQUITY instrument. The values of their minimum intrinsic reduced plate heights (hmin = 1.42, 1.57, and 1.75) were measured at room temperature (295 K) for a small molecule (naphthalene) with an acetonitrile/water eluent mixture (75:25, v/v). These narrow‐bore columns provide an average intrinsic efficiency of 395 000 plates per meter. The gradient separation of 14 small molecules shows that these columns have a peak capacity about 25% larger than similar ones packed with fully porous BEH‐C18 particles (1.7 μm) or shorter (50 mm) columns packed with smaller core–shell particles (1.3 μm) operated under very high pressure (>1000 bar) for steep gradient elution (analysis time 80 s). In contrast, because their permeabilities are lower than those of columns packed with larger core–shell particles, their peak capacities are 25% smaller than those of narrow‐bore columns packed with standard 2.7 μm core–shell particles.
Delineation of polar localization domains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens type IV secretion apparatus proteins VirB4 and VirB11
Authors: Das Aditi , Das Anath 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAgrobacterium tumefaciens transfers DNA and proteins to a plant cell through a type IV secretion apparatus assembled by the VirB proteins. All VirB proteins localized to a cell pole, although these conclusions are in dispute. To study subcellular location of the VirB proteins and to identify determinants of their subcellular location, we tagged two proteins, VirB4 and VirB11, with the visual marker green fluorescent protein (GFP) and studied localization of the fusion proteins by epifluorescence microscopy. Both GFP‐VirB4 and GFP‐VirB11 fusions localized to a single cell pole. GFP‐VirB11 was also functional in DNA transfer. To identify the polar localization domains (PLDs) of VirB4 and VirB11, we analyzed fusions of GFP with smaller segments of the two proteins. Two noncontiguous regions in VirB4, residues 236–470 and 592–789, contain PLDs. The VirB11 PLD mapped to a 69 amino acid segment, residues 149–217, in the central region of the protein. These domains are probably involved in interactions that target the two proteins to a cell pole.
Asymmetric distribution of phosphatidylserine is generated in the absence of phospholipid flippases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Mioka Tetsuo , Fujimura‐Kamada Konomi , Tanaka Kazuma 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn eukaryotic cells, phosphatidylserine (PS) is predominantly located in the cytosolic leaflet of the plasma membrane; this asymmetry is generated by an unknown mechanism. In this study, we used the PS‐specific probe mRFP‐Lact‐C2 to investigate the possible involvement of type 4 P‐type ATPases, also called phospholipid flippases, in the generation of this asymmetry in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PS was not found in the trans‐Golgi Network in wild‐type cells, but it became exposed when vesicle formation was compromised in the sec7 mutant, and it was also exposed on secretory vesicles (SVs), as reported previously. However, flippase mutations did not reduce the exposure of PS in either case, even at low levels that would only be detectable by quantitative analysis of mRFP‐Lact‐C2 fluorescence in isolated SVs. Furthermore, no reduction in the PS level was observed in a mutant with multiple flippase mutations. Because PS was not exposed in a mutant that accumulates ER or cis/medial‐Golgi membranes, Golgi maturation seems to be a prerequisite for PS translocation. Our results suggest that an unknown mechanism, possibly a protein with flippase‐like activity, acts in conjunction with known flippases to regulate PS translocation.
Update of energy payback time and greenhouse gas emission data for crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules
Authors: Wetzel Thomas , Borchers Stephanie 
Published: September 2014

AbstractResults of a recent photovoltaic energy life cycle study are presented. The focus lies on the energy payback time (EPBT) and the CO2 emission rate achievable with state‐of‐the‐art industrial production chains for conventional monocrystalline and multicrystalline silicon modules. The data have been provided by European manufacturers and represent the processes in their European—primarily German—production sites. The analysis covers all steps from metal grade silicon refinement down to assembled modules as shipped to the customer. Balance of system contributions have not been included in the analysis and in the result figures, both for EPBT and CO2 emissions. The resulting EPBT values for the modules only are 1.09 and 0.93 years for monocrystalline and multicrystalline silicon, respectively, both under southern European conditions. CO2 emission rates strongly depend on the scenario considered, ranging from 18 g/kWh in southern Europe to 60 g/kWh in northern Germany under worst‐case conditions for useful lifetime and degradation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Damage‐resistance matrix embedding framework: the contradiction between robustness and embedding efficiency
Authors: Liu Weiwei , Liu Guangjie , Dai Yuewei 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMatrix embedding schemes based on linear codes have been widely used in the field of steganography, which is an important branch of covert communication. Nevertheless, they appear weak for some conditions of high reliability demand or “active attack” because of the poor robustness. In this paper, with robustness analysis of matrix embedding based on Tanner graph, a general framework of damage‐resistance matrix embedding (DR‐ME) is described to take account of both robustness and embedding efficiency, which has a fair chance to recover the secret message when stego object is partly damaged. The approximated robustness–efficiency bound is derived to reveal the contradiction between robustness and embedding efficiency. Then, based on the parity‐check concatenation of systematic convolutional codes and syndrome‐trellis codes (STCs), we propose the practical damage‐resistance STCs (DR‐STCs). Experimental results show that DR‐STCs are near‐optimal DR‐ME schemes, which can approach the derived upper bound. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Compressed bitmap indexes: beyond unions and intersections
Authors: Kaser Owen , Lemire Daniel 
Published: September 2014

SummaryCompressed bitmap indexes are used to speed up simple aggregate queries in databases. Indeed, set operations like intersections, unions and complements can be represented as logical operations (AND, OR and NOT) that are ideally suited for bitmaps. However, it is less obvious how to apply bitmaps to more advanced queries. For example, we might seek products in a store that meet some, but maybe not all, criteria. Such threshold queries generalize intersections and unions; they are often used in information‐retrieval and data‐mining applications. We introduce new algorithms that are sometimes three orders of magnitude faster than a naïve approach. Our work shows that bitmap indexes are more broadly applicable than is commonly believed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The hydraulic description of vegetated river channels: the weaknesses of existing formulations and emerging alternatives
Authors: Marjoribanks Timothy I. , Hardy Richard J. , Lane Stuart N. 
Published: September 2014

Currently, many of the methods used to predict the effect of vegetation on river flow suffer from one or both of the following problems: (1) a strong dependence on parameters that have a poor physical basis and which are only readily determined using empirical means; and (2) a poor conceptual basis, in terms of the way they represent the effects of vegetation on the flow, especially in higher dimensionality numerical models. This limits their contribution to problems that extend beyond basic hydraulic prediction (e.g., of water levels) to ecosystem understanding. In this study, we show how use of coupled biomechanical–hydraulic models may lead to a much‐improved representation of a range of open‐channel flow processes. Preliminary experiments over hypothetical vegetation canopies are producing very encouraging results and may provide the means for an improved representation of vegetation in higher dimensionality numerical models that may result in a better justification and more reliable identification of the conveyance parameters needed for both flood identification and the characterization of habitat. WIREs Water 2014, 1:549–560. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1044This article is categorized under:

Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness
Science of Water > Hydrological Processes
Allee effects and population regulation: a test for biotic resistance against an invasive leafroller by resident parasitoids
Authors: Bürgi Linda P. , Roltsch William J. , Mills Nicholas J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractResident natural enemies can impact invasive species by causing Allee effects, leading to a reduction in establishment success of small founder populations, or by regulating or merely suppressing the abundance of established populations.Epiphyas postvittana, the Light Brown Apple Moth, an invasive leafroller in California, has been found to be attacked by a large assemblage of resident parasitoids that cause relatively high rates of parasitism. Over a 4‐year period, we measured the abundance and per capita growth rates of fourE. postvittanapopulations in California and determined parasitism rates. We found that at two of the sites, parasitism caused a component Allee effect, a reduction in individual survivorship at lowerE. postvittanapopulation densities, although it did not translate into a demographic Allee effect, an impact on per capita population growth rates at low densities. Instead,E. postvittanapopulations at all four sites exhibited strong compensatory density feedback throughout the entire range of densities observed at each site. As we found no evidence for a negative relationship between per capita population growth rates and parasitism rates, we concluded that resident parasitoids were unable to regulateE. postvittanapopulations in California. Despite a lack of evidence for regulation or a demographic Allee effect, the impact of resident parasitoids onE. postvittanapopulations is substantial and demonstrates significant biotic resistance against this new invader.
Engineering of a CPC acylase using a facile pH indicator assay
Authors: Xiao Yingzhou , Huo Xiangdong , Qian Yu , Zhang Yan , Chen Guoqiang , Ouyang Pingkai , Lin Zhanglin 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Cephalosporin C (CPC) acylase is important for the one-step production of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA), a key intermediate for cephalosporin antibiotics. However, its application is hampered by the low activity, substrate inhibition, and product inhibition. In this study, two rounds of combinatorial active-site saturation testing (CASTing) were carried out on the CPC acylase acyII from Pseudomonas SE83, and one mutant H57βA/H70βY with no substrate inhibition was obtained. For further engineering to reduce the product inhibition, a quick pH indicator assay was developed, allowing for real-time monitoring of the product inhibition in the presence of added 7-ACA. The utility of the assay was demonstrated by screening six libraries of site-directed saturation mutagenesis libraries of H57βA/H70βY. A new mutant H57βA/H70βY/I176βN was obtained, which showed a k cat 3.26-fold and a K IP 3.08-fold that of the wild type, respectively. Given the commercial value of the enzyme, both this pH indicator assay and the triple mutant should be useful for further engineering of the enzyme to increase the specific activity and to decrease the product inhibition.
Whole genome sequencing reveals a novel CRISPR system in industrial Clostridium acetobutylicum
Authors: Peng Lixin , Pei Jianxin , Pang Hao , Guo Yuan , Lin Lihua , Huang Ribo 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Clostridium acetobutylicum is an important organism for biobutanol production. Due to frequent exposure to bacteriophages during fermentation, industrial C. acetobutylicum strains require a strong immune response against foreign genetic invaders. In the present study, a novel CRISPR system was reported in a C. acetobutylicum GXAS18-1 strain by whole genome sequencing, and several specific characteristics of the CRISPR system were revealed as follows: (1) multiple CRISPR loci were confirmed within the whole bacterial genome, while only one cluster of CRISPR-associated genes (Cas) was found in the current strain; (2) similar leader sequences at the 5’ end of the multiple CRISPR loci were identified as promoter elements by promoter prediction, suggesting that these CRISPR loci were under the control of the same transcriptional factor; (3) homology analysis indicated that the present Cas genes shared only low sequence similarity with the published Cas families; and (4) concerning gene similarity and gene cluster order, these Cas genes belonged to the csm family and originated from the euryarchaeota by horizontal gene transfer.
Thermal and Rheological Behavior of Peanut Protein Concentrate and Starch Composites
Authors: Colombo Andrés , Ribotta Pablo Daniel , León Alberto Edel 
Published: September 2014

AbstractVegetable derivatives like peanut protein concentrates constitute an alternative for incorporation in starch‐based systems. In order to assess the capacity of peanut protein concentrate (PPC) to be incorporated in starch systems, the thermo‐mechanical behavior of pastes made with starches from different botanical sources (between 4.6 and 6 % w/w of corn, cassava and wheat starch), PPC (5.2–12.1 % w/w, which contributed between ~3 and ~6 % of final protein content), and sucrose (12.4–15 % w/w) was analyzed. Peanut proteins modified thermal behavior of starches as measured by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique. PPC increased the concentration of starch in the continuous phase and, consequently, the overall viscosity of the system during pasting. In addition, PPC increased the consistency of starch gels, although weaker structures were obtained. The syneresis of starch gels was reduced by PPC, which is advantageous for its incorporation in starch‐based systems.
Chemical Changes of Canola Oil During Frying Under Atmospheric Condition and Combination of Nitrogen and Carbon Dioxide Gases in the Presence of Air
Authors: Nazarbakhsh Venus , Ezzatpanah Hamid , Tarzi Babak Ghiassi , Givianrad Mohammad Hadi 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe effects of different frying methods; frying under atmospheric condition and frying in the presence of different ratios of nitrogen and carbon dioxide gases; were investigated on chemical changes of canola oil. The tests were conducted four times per day during four consecutive days. The chemical changes of oil samples were determined by analyzing peroxide value (PV), p‐anisidine value (p‐AV), totox value (TV) and acid value (AV). Irrespective of the test methods, PV increase was observed on the first day followed by significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the subsequent days. On the first day, the highest p‐AV and TV was observed in oil fried under atmospheric condition and the lowest p‐AV and TV for those fried under gases. However, from the second day, the p‐AV and TV in frying under different ratios of nitrogen and carbon dioxide gases were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the frying under atmospheric condition. Additionally, hydrolysis and oxidation of oil during frying resulted in continuous AV increase that among them atmospheric frying had the highest AV. In conclusion, atmospheric frying accelerates the rate of oil deterioration and application of nitrogen and carbon dioxide gases in the fryer could reduce the rate of oil disintegration.
Clinical management of regorafenib in the treatment of patients with advanced colorectal cancer
Authors: Sastre J. , Argilés G. , Benavides M. , Feliú J. , García-Alfonso P. , García-Carbonero R. , Grávalos C. , Guillén-Ponce C. , Martínez-Villacampa M. , Pericay C. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common tumors worldwide and at least 50 % of patients with this disease develop metastases. In this setting, additional treatment options are needed for patients presenting disease progression after exhausting all standard therapies. Regorafenib is an orally administered multikinase inhibitor which has been shown to provide survival benefits to patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Although most adverse events (AEs) associated with regorafenib may resolve within the first 8 weeks of treatment, some of them may require dose reduction or treatment interruption. Overall, while remaining aware of the safety profile of regorafenib and how to manage the most common toxicities related to its use, this drug should be considered a new standard of care for patients with pretreated mCRC. This review addresses practical aspects of its use, such as dosing, patient monitoring, and management of the most common regorafenib-related AEs.
Reduced Kilovoltage in Computed Tomography–Guided Intervention in a Community Hospital: Effect on the Radiation Dose
Authors: Rezazadeh Saman , Co Steven J. , Bicknell Simon 
Published: September 2014

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine whether low-kilovoltage (80 or 100 kV) computed tomography (CT)-guided interventions performed in a community-based hospital are feasible and to compare radiation exposure incurred with conventional 120 kV potential. Materials and Methods Effective doses (ED) received by patients who underwent CT-guided intervention were analysed before and after a low-dose kilovoltage protocol was instituted in our department. We performed CT-guided procedures of 93 consecutive patients by using conventional 120-kV tube voltage (50 patients) and a low voltage of 80 or 100 kV for the remainder of this cohort. Automatic tube current modulation was enabled to obtain the best image quality. Procedure details were prospectively recorded and included examination site and type, slice width, tube voltage and current, dose length product, volume CT dose index, and size-specific dose estimate. Dose length product was converted to ED to account for radiosensitivity of specific organs. Statistical comparisons with test differences in the ED, volume CT dose index, size-specific dose estimate, and effective diameter (patient size) were made by using the Student t test. Results All but 6 of the procedures performed at 80 kV were successful, for a success rate of 86%. At lower voltages, the ED was significantly ( P < .01) reduced, on average, by 57%, 73%, and 65% for the pelvic, chest, and abdomen procedures, respectively. Conclusion A low-dose radiation technique by using 80 or 100 kV results in a high technical success rate for pelvic, chest, and abdomen CT-guided interventional procedures, although dramatically decreasing radiation exposure. There was no significant difference in effective diameter (patient size) between the conventional and the low-dose groups, which would suggest that dose reduction was indeed a result of kVp change and not patient size.
Japan Implantable Devices in Coronary Artery Disease (JID‐CAD) study design
Authors: Shimizu Akihiko , Mitsuhashi Takeshi , Nitta Takashi , Mitamura Hideo , Kurita Takashi , Abe Haruhiko , Nakazato Yuji , Sumitomo Naokata , Kadota Kazushige , Kimura Kazuo , Okumura Ken ,   the Committee for Implantable Devices Enrollment and Assessment in the Japanese Heart Rhythm Society
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundThere is little information regarding appropriate therapies for coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with implantable devices – such as implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (ICDs), cardiac resynchronization therapy devices (CRT‐Ds) and cardiac resynchronization therapy pacemaker (CRT‐P) devices – in Japan. To address this lack of information, we have launched the Japan Implantable Devices in Coronary Artery Disease (JID‐CAD) study.MethodsThis study has been designed as a prospective, multicenter, non‐randomized and observational investigation. All patients will be followed up every six months over a two‐year period. The primary endpoint will be the administration of appropriate device therapy. Secondary endpoints include administration of inappropriate therapy, death, hospitalization, or cardiovascular events.ConclusionIn this report, we discuss the current clinical situation of appropriate therapy, and how it is influenced by catheter ablation and revascularization therapy in patients with CAD.