bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiochemical Properties of Hydroxy Mixed Ether HMEnSurfactants and their Interaction with Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate SDS
Authors: Abdel-Rahem R. , Ayesh A. S. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis paper is focused on the phase behavior, interaction with anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate SDS, adsorption and wetting investigations of new hydroxy mixed ether nonionic surfactants HMEn. The phase diagrams of (0.1–100) %wt of HMEn(n-value is the ethoxylation number EO) at the temperature range 20–100°C have shown that the increasing of n-value raises the cloud boundary toward higher temperature. Remarkable result was obtained from the interaction between SDS and HMEB, at which the mixed system exhibits a unique homogeneity and a liquid crystal phase formation. Macroscopically, the liquid crystal region was found when the SDS concentration range between 8 and 24 mM mixed with 10% wt HMEB. The interaction between HMEnand mica was also investigated using atomic force microscopy AFM and a pronounced adsorption of HMEnon mica was observed. Moreover, contact angle results reveal that glass substrate shows strong wettability of HMEnsurfactant solutions compared with polyethylene PE and polymethylmethaacrylate PMMA substrates. This wettability however also decreases with EO number.
Benzene Moiety of Alkylphenol Ethoxylates can be a Source of Π Stacking Interactions
Authors: Frański R. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
In this communication, it has been demonstrated by using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) that benzene moiety of alkylphenol ethoxylates (common non-ionic surfactants) can be a source of stacking interactions. Three cations being prone to interact with aromatic ring have been used: Cu2+, Ag+ and tetramethylammonium cation (CH3)4N+. Because of cation- interactions the stabilities of the complexes of alkylphenol ethoxylate with these cations have been enhanced, as evidenced by relative intensities of respective peaks in the ESI mass spectra. Oxygen atoms from ethoxylene chain interact with the cations, and these ion-dipole interactions compete with cation- interactions, therefore cation- interactions have been observed for alkylphenol ethoxylates with shorter ethoxylene chain.
Liquid Chromatography with Fluores-cence Detection as a Tool for Separation of Endocrine Disrupting Alkylphenols and their Mono- and Diethoxylates in Analysis of River Water Samples
Authors: Zgoła-Grześkowiak A. , Grześkowiak T. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
A simple, accurate and reproducible reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography method with fluorescence detection was developed for determination of octylphenol, nonylphenol and their short-chain ethoxylates, using an octadecyl silica column. The mobile phase used for the analysis consisted of methanol, acetonitrile and water (50:15:35). The analytes were separated successfully within a reasonable time without gradient elution, which was not achieved previously. Thus, use of inexpensive fluorescence detection instead of MS detection was enabled. This chromatographic method, combined with solid-phase extraction, was highly applicable for the simultaneous determination of octyl- and nonylphenol as well as their mono- and diethoxylates in real river water samples. The limit of detection (LOD) for octylphenol and its ethoxylates was 0.05 μg · L−1. For nonylphenol the LOD was 0.14 μg · L−1 and for its ethoxylates it was 0.15 μg · L−1. Recovery of octylphenol and its ethoxylates was about 80%. Recovery of nonylphenol and its ethoxylates was slightly lower (from 60 to 76%).
Olefins Derived from Vegetable Oils and their Utilization in Preparation of Surface Active Agent
Authors: Ware A. M. , Malshe V. C. , Momin S. A. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
As our fossil raw materials are irrevocably decreasing and as the pressure on our environment is building up, the progressive changeover of chemical industry to renewable feedstocks for their raw materials emerges as an inevitable necessity i.e. it will have to proceed increasingly to the raw materials basis that prevailed before natural gas and oil out paced all other sources. Therefore, the use of renewable resources is an important component of green chemistry. Oils and fats are the most important renewable raw materials for the chemical industry. In the present study, cracking of vegetable oil was carried out to obtain olefins. Olefins are the largest volume chemical intermediates produced in the chemical industry, which is one of major raw material for surfactants manufacturing. The olefins obtained from cracking are utilized to prepare surfactant by alkylation with cumene and subsequently sulfonation and neutralization to obtained alkyl cumene sulfonates (ACS). The evaluation of surface active properties of ACS and comparison of the property with conventional surfactants was carried out and ACS exhibit excellent surface active properties.
Ultrasonic Assisted Finishing of Cotton with Nonionic Softener
Authors: Parvinzadeh M. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
In recent years, the textile industry must go towards developing of new technologies to reduce the energy and water consumption. The use of ultrasound in textile wet processing is one way for this purpose. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of ultrasonic energy on processing of cotton with nonionic softener. For this purpose, cotton fabric was treated with a nonionic fatty acid amide derivative softener in an ultrasonic bath. The physical properties of the fabrics treated with softener were compared with that treated in a conventional bath. As the results show, the treatment of fabrics with softeners in an ultrasound bath is more effective compared to a conventional method and it enhances the physical properties of cotton.
Automated Determination of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulphonate (LAS) in Wastewater Treatment Plants Effluents Using on Line Solid-phase Extraction Followed by HPLC with Fluorescence Detection
Authors: Crey-Desbiolles C. , Cavalli S. , Polesello S. , Valsecchi S. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAn on line SPE (solid-phase extraction) method followed by HPLC with fluorescence detection has been developed and validated for determining the LAS in inlet and outlet effluents of wastewaters treatment plants. Filtered effluent samples were on line concentrated on a small polymeric reversed phase column, then the trapped LAS are separated on a specialty polar-embedded reversed-phase column and detected by a fluorimeter. The on line SPE method with fluorescence detection showed very good repeatability (from 1.5 to 11.7% depending on the sample loading volume) and robustness with detection limits of 1.5 μg l−1for total C10–13LAS loading a 5 ml sample volume. This automated method is a cost-effective way to determine LAS also in routine monitoring of inlets and outlets of wastewater treatment plants allowing to optimize treatment procedures.
Lauryl Trimethyl Ammoniums with New Type Counteranions
Authors: Xu B.-C. , Han F. , Shui J.-H. , Zhou Y.-W. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The interfacial properties of a new family of lauryl trimethyl ammonium salts of the general formula CH3(CH2)11N+(CH3)3X− (X = CH3OCOO, HCOO, CH3COO, CH3CHOHCOO) were studied. The physicochemical parameters of these quaternary ammonium salts were discussed. The effect of the counteranion on the behavior of these surfactants was analyzed.
Effect of Cellulase Enzyme on Cellulose Nano-topography
Authors: Calvimontes A. , Stamm M. , Dutschk V. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
In this study, modification effects of cellulose foil by cellulase enzyme are studied in respect to topography changes by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results provide useful information to understand the enzyme action in the amorphous and crystalline regions of cellulose. It was revealed, that the treatment of cellulose with the cellulase enzyme depends on its concentration, which selectively attacks amorphous cellulose regions. At lower concentration, a random surface roughening of the cellulose foil was observed. With increasing enzyme concentration, the cellulose surface became smoother. On the basis of this knowledge, a conceptual model to describe the conditioning effect by cellulase on the cleanability of cotton fabrics was developed. With the help of this model, we are able to estimate changes in the nanoporosity of cotton fibres.
Development of Cleavable Surfactants
Authors: Shukla D. , Tyagi V. K. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Cleavable surfactants are of great interest for numerous reasons. These are amphiphiles in which a weak linkage has been deliberately inserted, normally, but not always, between the hydrophobic tail and the polar head group. Surfactant may degrade by chemical means, e.g., induced by acid, alkali, ultraviolet (UV) light, heat, or ozone. Acid- and alkali-labile surfactants have also attracted the attention in recent years. The main purpose for development of novel cleavable surfactants is to improve the biodegradation characteristics and the rate of biodegradation has consequently been studied for several of the surfactants. Alkali labile linkages that have been used for the purpose include normal ester bonds, betaine esters, and carbonates. This review deals the development of monomeric and gemini type cleavable surfactants.
Synthesis of 3-Dehydroabietylamino-2-Hydroxypropyl Trimethylammonium Chloride and its Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Zhao-sheng C. , Chun-sheng Y. , Xue-mei Z. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
In the presence of an acid-binding agent loaded on alumina, 3-dehydroabietylamino-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DHAHPTMA) was synthesized with dehydroabietylamine (DHA) and 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CTA) as starting material. The structure of DHAHPTMA was characterized by FT-IR and 1H-NMR, and the content of DHAHPTMA in product was determined by Ion Chromatography (IC). The antibacterial activity of DHAHPTMA was evaluated according to its minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis), gas bacillus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseusomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Salmonella. Results of IC showed that the mass content of DHAHPTMA in the product was higher than 97%. The experimental results also indicated that the MICs of DHAHPTMA against S. aureus, S. epidermidis and E. coli were lower than that of Bromo-Geramium against theses bacteria.
Reverse Phase HPLC Analysis of Commercial Surfactants used as Melt Additives
Authors: Datla V. M. , Beck K. , Shim E. , Pourdeyhimi B. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Reverse phase HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) was used to analyze the length distribution of polyoxyethylene (POE) chains in commercial surfactants that can be used as melt additives for hydrophilic polypropylene surface modification. Ten nonionic surfactants including ethoxylated alcohols, nonyl phenols and amines, PEG esters, and mono glycerides were investigated. HPLC methods described herein are capable of analyzing ethoxylated nonionic surfactants and offer the advantage of separating the components in surfactants according to both the hydrophobe and hydrophile chain length. Moreover, the method is rapid and gradient elution allows for good baseline separation of the several components in the additives.
Sizes and Anisometricity of Micelles in Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Mesophases: Sodium Lauryl Sulphate/Water/Decanol Lyotropic System
Authors: Nesrullajev A. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Structural peculiarities of the rod-like micelles in lyotropic liquid crystalline nematic-calamitic and hexagonal mesophases have been investigated. The lengths, the parameters of anisometricity, the form factors and the volumes of these micelles have been determined. The method of the electrical conductivity anisotropy in the orientational shear flow has been used. The rod-like micelles of nematic-calamitic and hexagonal mesophases were considered as the prolonged ellipsoids.
Synthesis of 1,1,1-Triethoxycarbonyl-3-[2-(F-alkyl)-ethyl]propanes and 1,1,q,q-Tetraalkoxycarbonyl-1,q-di-[2-(F-alkyl)-ethyl]alcanes as Precursors of Anionic Surfactants
Authors: Trabelsi H. , Nasreddine M. , Dieng S.Y. , Szönyi F. , Szönyi S. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
1,1,1-triethoxycarbonyl-3-[2-(F-alkyl)-ethyl]propanes and 1,1,q,q-tetraalkoxycarbonyl-1,q-di-[2-(F-alkyl)-ethyl]alcanes were prepared from 2-(F-alkyl)-ethyl iodides in a one-step procedure involving a Solid-Liquid Phase Transfer Catalysis.
Synthesis and Characterization of a New Cationic Galactolipid with Carbamate for Gene Delivery
Authors: Yang Q.-R. , Qiao W.-H. , Zhang S.-M. , Qu J.-P. , Liu D.-L. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Design and synthesis of a new galactolipid 6 with carbamate was described in this work. Compounds 1–3 were obtained easily with classical synthesis methods which were improved a little. The influence of the solvent and different groups of the tertiary amine 4 for the quaternization reaction was discussed. The mixture of chloroform, ammonia and methanol was used well as the elution for separating compound 5 with silica gel column chromatograph. The CMC and γCMC was 2.40 · 10−4 mol/L and 26.1 mN m−1, respectively by surface tension measurement. Vesicles can be formed according to the theory of critical packing parameter since the value of the critical packing parameter was 0.83 at CMC, and it was confirmed by TEM micrograph.
Microemulsions with Mixed Nonionic Surfactants and Isopropylmyristate
Authors: Fanun M. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Water/propylene glycol/sucrose laurate/ethoxylated mono-di-glyceride/isopropylmyristate microemulsion systems were formulated and investigated using electrical conductivity and small angle X-ray scattering. The solubilization capacity of water in oil is dependent on the surfactants mixing ratio (w/w). The free energy of solubilization (ΔGo
s) values for water-in-oil microemulsions were calculated and found to decrease with water content in the water-in-oil microemulsions, they decreased with increasing ethoxylated mono-di-glyceride content in the mixed surfactants. The activation energy of conductive flow was estimated and a percolation phenomenon was revealed in these systems. Small angle X-ray scattering results indicate that the periodicity increases linearly with the increase in the water volume fraction in these microemulsions. The correlation length increases with the increase in the water volume fraction to a certain value then decreases.
Ordered Ferrocene-containing Mesoporous Materials with Tailor-made Pore Size
Authors: Zhang T. , Gao P. , Gao C.-G. , Yang H. , Zhao Y. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Ordered ferrocene-containing mesoporous hybrid materials were prepared by the use of quaternary ammonium surfactants CnH2n+1(CH3)3NBr and organic additives during the hydrothermal synthesis process. The characterization results showed all the materials exhibit an ordered two-dimensional hexagonal pore structure with pore diameter from 2.04 nm to 4.01 nm. It was found that the pore diameter of the materials is strongly dependent on the surfactant chain length and the content of the organic additives. The fourier transform infrared spectra revealed that the organic bridge is preserved during the hydrothermal synthesis and subsequent extraction procedure.
Application of Neem and Karanjia Oils as Natural Pesticide Microemulsion Systems
Authors: Ghosh S. , Bhowmick D. N. , Pratap A. P. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Microemulsions are preferred over conventionally used pesticide systems for their long term thermodynamic stability, low viscosity, cost economy and aesthetic appeal. Such systems provide a method for preparing an isotropic mixture of oil and water. Neem and Karanjia isolates have proven activities. Therefore, uses of these oils provide a biologically and environmentally acceptable pesticide formulation. The present investigation deals with the systematic study to arrive at the economical composition for formulating microemulsion systems using these oils. These microemulsions, when diluted with water, formed macroemulsions which were stable over an extended period of time.
Synthesis and Application of the Cationic Lignin Amine Flocculant
Authors: Jiao Y. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Cationic lignin amine flocculants were obtained by the Mannich reaction of Kraft lignin with formaldehyde and polyamines. The cationic reaction products were tested as a flocculating agent by flocculation of reactive brilliant blue KN-R and linear alkylbenzene sulphonates in an aqueous system. The effects of flocculant dosage and pH on the flocculation performance are discussed in detail. The results indicate that under optimum conditions, the rate of eliminating reactive brilliant blue KN-R and linear alkylbenzene sulphonates from the water exceed 99% and 96% respectively, which illustrated that the cationic reaction products are extremely effective as flocculants for reactive brilliant blue KN-R and linear alkylbenzene sulphonates.
Study of Micellization and Partition Balances of Acyl Stobadine Derivatives
Authors: Bezáková Ž. , Oremusová J. , Stankovičová M. , Vitková Z. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Important physicochemical characteristics for drugs, namely micellar properties and experimental partition coefficient of the series of five acyl stobadine derivatives in aqueous solutions were studied. The aim was to find out whether the studied compounds prepared as oxalates form associates. For measurements conductometry was used. The critical micelle concentrations (CMC) and thermodynamic parameters of micellization (standard molar Gibbs energy, enthalpy and entropy of micellization) were calculated from conductivity curves within the temperature range 25°C–50°C. The spectrophotometrically determined partition coefficients in the system octyl alcohol-water increased in parallel with increasing molar mass of studied substances. The dependences between values of common logarithm of CMC and partition coefficients of studied compounds were compared.
Effect of Non-electrolytes on the Cloud Point and Dye Solubilization of Antidepressant Drug, Clomipramine Hydrochloride
Authors: Naqvi A. Z. , Al-Ahmadi M. D. A. , Akram M. , Kabir-ud-Din  
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Clomipramine hydrochloride (CLP, an amphiphilic drug) solutions, prepared in sodium phosphate buffer, show temperature dependent phase separation (commonly known as Cloud Point, CP). CP can be varied with the help of additives. Hence, in this paper we are reporting the effect of various additives on the CP of CLP. Alcohols affect in two ways: CP either remains constant (or increases slightly) or decreases. Short chain alcohols remain soluble in aqueous phase and CP remains nearly constant in their presence as alcohol-water mixed system proves better solvent for the drug. Long chain alcohols, due to their hydrophobic nature, partition into the drug micelles and cause micellar growth which, in turn, decreases the CP. Sugars enhance the hydrophobic forces and decrease the CP. CP with amino acids is found to be nature dependent: acidic amino acids and hydrochloride salts of basic amino acids increase the CP (due to the interaction of their negatively charged side chains with the drug molecules). Basic amino acids decrease the CP. With polar and uncharged polar amino acids, CP remains constant. This last class of amino acids either remains in the bulk phase or solubilizes inside the micelle, and in either case, the hydration of micelles, and the CP, remain unaffected.
A Structural Study of Two Oxyethylene Alkyl Ether-Water Mesophase Systems in the Presence of Small Amount of Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate, SDS Ionic Surfactant
Authors: Alibrahim M. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Two structural studies of the following two liquid crystals systems: [(C12EO4 + 1% SDS)/H2O, ca. 25–85 wt.% surfactant] and [(C12EO8 + 1% SDS)/H2O, ca. 40–71 wt.% surfactant] have been investigated. Both previous systems contain similar amount of Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate, SDS. It has been found that there are two mesophases at 25°C: the lamellar Lα and the hexagonal H1. Their structural parameters were determined using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) patterns. The mesophases study of the Lα and H1 regions allows the evolution description of the surfactant chains conformation.
The geometrical parameters of the Lα and H1 mesophases such as the thickness of hydrocarbon core of the lamellar mesophase and the diameter of rods forming the hexagonal structure were calculated. In the lamellar, Lα and the hexagonal, H1 mesophases, the surface area per molecule and the thickness of the hydrocarbon core exhibited a little sensitivity change toward concentration. The thickness of the ethoxy groups was estimated in Lα and H1 mesophases as a function of surfactant concentration in (C12EO4 + 1% SDS)/H2O and (C12EO8 + 1% SDS)/H2O systems at 25°C, respectively.
Study of CLSI-M44-A Disk Diffusion Method for Determining the Susceptibility of Candida Species against Novel Complexes Derived from Copper Stearate with 2-Amino Benzothiazoles
Authors: Mathur N. , Heda L. C. , Mathur V. K. , Saxena P. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The study of binuclear complexes of copper(II) is a very active and highly interesting field due to their significance in bioinorganic chemistry, magneto chemistry, material science, superconductivity and multi electron redox chemistry. Due to the surface-active properties of copper(II) stearate with 2-aminobenzothiazole, the complexes exhibit many applications in agrochemical industries as dispersing agents, foaming and wetting agents. In the present investigation solid complexes of Cu(II) stearate with 2-amino-6-methoxybenzothiazole and 2-amino-6-nitrobenzothiazole have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and their IR, NMR, ESR spectral studies. All the synthesized complexes are coloured and their purity was checked by Thin Layer Chromatography.
SAXS Study on Azithromycin Loaded Nonionic Microemulsions
Authors: Fanun M. , Glatter O. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Structure of water/propylene glycol/ethoxylated mono-di-glyceride/peppermint oil/ethanol microemulsions solubilizing azithromycin has been investigated at room temperature by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) technique. The scattering data were evaluated by Indirect Fourier Transformation (IFT) or Generalized Indirect Fourier Transformation (GIFT) methods depending on the aqueous phase content. The growth of the microemulsions droplets by increasing the water content and the effect of azithromycin incorporation in the microemulsions were investigated. The Indirect Fourier Transformation gives the real space pair-distance distribution function: a facile way for the quantitative estimation of structure parameters of the microemulsions. It was found that the size of the microemulsion aggregates or repeating distances in the microemulsion increases with the aqueous phase content. The maximum diameter of the drug free and drug loaded microemulsions aggregates depend on their microstructure. The values of the effective interaction radius of the microemulsions are higher for the drug free compared to the drug loaded microemulsions aggregates.