bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myocardial transfection of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and co-transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells enhance cardiac repair in rats with experimental myocardial infarction
Authors: Huang Bingqing , Qian Juying , Ma Jianying , Huang Zheyong , Shen Yunli , Chen Xueying , Sun Aijun , Ge Junbo , Chen Haozhu 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have potential for the treatment of myocardial infarction. However, several meta-analyses revealed that the outcome of stem cell transplantation is dissatisfactory. A series of studies demonstrated that the combination of cell and gene therapy was a promising strategy to enhance therapeutic efficiency. The aim of this research is to investigate whether and how the combination of overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and co-transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells can enhance cardiac repair in myocardial infarction.

Methods
We investigated the therapeutic effects of myocardial transfection of HIF-1α and co-transplantation of MSCs on cardiac repair in myocardial infarction by using myocardial transfection of HIF-1α via an adenoviral vector. Myocardial infarction was produced by coronary ligation in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Animals were divided randomly into six groups: (1) HIF-1α + MSCs group: Ad-HIF-1α (6 × 109 plate forming unit) and MSCs (1 × 106) were intramyocardially injected into the border zone simultaneously; (2) HIF-1α group: Ad-HIF-1α (6 × 109 plate forming unit) was injected into the border zone; (3) HIF-1α-MSCs group: Ad-HIF-1α transfected MSCs (1 × 106) were injected into the border zone; (4) MSCs group: MSCs (1 × 106) were injected into the border zone; (5) Control group: same volume of DMEM was injected; (6) SHAM group. Cardiac performance was then quantified by echocardiography as well as molecular and pathologic analysis of heart samples in the peri-infarcted region and the infarcted region at serial time points. The survival and engraftment of transplanted MSCs were also assessed.

Results
Myocardial transfection of HIF-1α combined with MSC transplantation in the peri-infarcted region improved cardiac function four weeks after myocardial infarction. Significant increases in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) expression, angiogenesis and MSC engraftment, as well as decreased cardiomyocyte apoptosis in peri-infarcted regions in the hearts of the HIF-1α + MSCs group were detected compared to the MSCs group and Control group.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that myocardial transfection of HIF-1α and co-transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells enhance cardiac repair in myocardial infarction, indicating the feasibility and preliminary safety of a combination of myocardial transfection of HIF-1α and MSC transplantation to treat myocardial infarction.
Diverse functions of matrix metalloproteinases during fibrosis
Authors: Giannandrea Matthew , Parks William C. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTFibrosis – a debilitating condition that can occur in most organs – is characterized by excess deposition of a collagen-rich extracellular matrix (ECM). At first sight, the activities of proteinases that can degrade matrix, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), might be expected to be under-expressed in fibrosis or, if present, could function to resolve the excess matrix. However, as we review here, some MMPs are indeed anti-fibrotic, whereas others can have pro-fibrotic functions. MMPs modulate a range of biological processes, especially processes related to immunity and tissue repair and/or remodeling. Although we do not yet know precisely how MMPs function during fibrosis – that is, the protein substrate or substrates that an individual MMP acts on to effect a specific process – experiments in mouse models demonstrate that MMP-dependent functions during fibrosis are not limited to effects on ECM turnover. Rather, data from diverse models indicate that these proteinases influence cellular activities as varied as proliferation and survival, gene expression, and multiple aspects of inflammation that, in turn, impact outcomes related to fibrosis.
Photoexcitation in Dimers of Coumarin and 6-Alkylcoumarins
Authors: Joswig Jan-Ole , Lorenz Tommy , Seifert Gotthard 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
In this contribution, we add theoretical investigations to an
experimental study on the photocleavage of coumarin, 6-methylcoumarin,
6-dodecylcoumarin monomers and several syn or anti,
head-to-head or head-to-tail isomers. Using a density-functional
tight-binding method together with a linear-response extension, we
were able to calculate the photoexcitation spectra of all molecules in
their optimized geometries. Additional molecular-dynamics simulations
of the molecules in the gas phase, gave access to the structural
changes due to thermal vibrations and to the influence on the
excitation spectra. The sampled photoexcitation spectra are comparable
to the experimentally measured data. Moreover, we could show that the
dimerization reaction can be monitored by recording the changes of the
spectra.
Stereoselective Di-pi-Methane Rearrangement of a BINOL-Substituted Dibenzobarrelene Derivative
Authors: Ihmels Heiko , Luo Jia 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Two dibenzobarrelene derivatives were synthesized that are covalently
linked to a (S)-BINOL unit through an oxymethylene (1b) or
ethylenedioxymethylene (1c) unit, and their photoreactivity
was examined. Irradiation of 1b in acetone resulted in
a di-π-methane rearrangement to give diastereoselectively one
dibenzosemibullvalene isomer. Experimental and theoretical data point
to a directing effect of the BINOL auxiliary based on steric
repulsion. The derivative 1c with a longer linker between the
BINOL unit and the dibenzobarrelene is photoinert, presumably because
of fast competing relaxation processes in the excited state.
Far-IR Spectra of Small Neutral Gold Clusters in the Gas Phase
Authors: Gruene Philipp , Butschke Burkhard , Lyon Jonathan T. , Rayner David M. , Fielicke André 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Vibrational spectra of small neutral gold clusters containing up to 8
Au atoms are measured in the far-infrared
(46–222 cm
–1) via photodissociation of their
complexes with krypton atoms. Comparisons with calculated IR spectra
for bare Au
n
clusters using density functional theory allow for
structural assignment. For these small sizes, all clusters are found
to be planar and of comparably high symmetry. For Au6 no data is
available, as this cluster size is not detected in the photoionization
mass spectra due to its high ionization energy. The structures
assigned are for n = 4: rhombus (D2h
); 5: trapezoid (C2v
);
7: edge-capped triangle (C
s
), 8: 4-fold edge-capped square
(D4h
).
X–Y Interactions Underlie Sperm Head Abnormality in Hybrid Male House Mice
Authors: Campbell Polly , Nachman Michael W 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The genetic basis of hybrid male sterility in house mice is complex, highly polygenic, and strongly X linked. Previous work suggested that there might be interactions between the Mus musculus musculus X and the M. m. domesticus Y with a large negative effect on sperm head morphology in hybrid males with an F1 autosomal background. To test this, we introgressed the M. m. domesticus Y onto a M. m. musculus background and measured the change in sperm morphology, testis weight, and sperm count across early backcross generations and in 11th generation backcross males in which the opportunity for X–autosome incompatibilities is effectively eliminated. We found that abnormality in sperm morphology persists in M. m. domesticus Y introgression males, and that this phenotype is rescued by M. m. domesticus introgressions on the X chromosome. In contrast, the severe reductions in testis weight and sperm count that characterize F1 males were eliminated after one generation of backcrossing. These results indicate that X–Y incompatibilities contribute specifically to sperm morphology. In contrast, X–autosome incompatibilities contribute to low testis weight, low sperm count, and sperm morphology. Restoration of normal testis weight and sperm count in first generation backcross males suggests that a small number of complex incompatibilities between loci on the M. m. musculus X and the M. m. domesticus autosomes underlie F1 male sterility. Together, these results provide insight into the genetic architecture of F1 male sterility and help to explain genome-wide patterns of introgression across the house mouse hybrid zone.
Pietro Ferabosco számadása a Miksa magyar királlyá koronázására épített pozsonyi diadalkapukról (1563)
Authors: Mikó Árpád 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
In September 1563 Archduke Maximilian, son of Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand I was crowned King of Hungary at Pozsony (Bratislava). For the coronation ceremony two triumphal arches were built at the ends of the pontoon bridge over the Danube. (The arches are known from a woodcut of Donat Hübschmann.) The bill of costs of the architect Pietro Ferabosco is here published for the first time.
Centralization of Services for Children Born with Orofacial Clefts in the United Kingdom: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Scott Julia K. , Leary Sam D. , Ness Andy R. , Sandy Jonathan R. , Persson Martin , Kilpatrick Nicky , Waylen Andrea E. 
Published: February 2014

Objective To examine current provision of cleft lip and/or palate services in the U.K. and compliance with recommendations made by the Clinical Standards Advisory Group (CSAG) in 1998. Design Cross-sectional questionnaire survey. Setting All 11 services within the U.K. providing care for children born with a cleft lip and palate. Participants Members from each healthcare specialty in each U.K. cleft team. Interventions Self-administered postal questionnaires enquired about the provision of cleft services. Data were collected about the overall cleft service, team coordination, hearing, orthodontics, pediatric dentistry, primary cleft surgery, psychology, restorative dentistry, secondary surgery, specialist cleft nursing, and speech and language therapy. Results Questionnaires were returned from members of 130/150 cleft teams (87%) and these showed that U.K. cleft services have been restructured to 11 centralized services with 17 primary operative sites and 61 peripheral sites. All services provide care through a multidisciplinary (MDT) model, but the composition of each team varies. Primary cleft surgery and orthodontics were the only specialties that were represented in all cleft teams. Specialties may be represented in a team but their attendance at MDT clinics is variable. Only one team met all of the CSAG recommendations. Conclusions Our survey shows that cleft services have centralized over the last 10 years, and an MDT model of care has been adopted. Further research is needed to show how this has influenced outcomes and to see whether some models of centralized care are associated with better outcomes.
Tracking forest phenology and seasonal physiology using digital repeat photography: a critical assessment
Authors: Keenan T. F. , Darby B. , Felts E. , Sonnentag O. , Friedl M. A. , Hufkens K. , O'Keefe J. , Klosterman S. , Munger J. W. , Toomey M. , Richardson A. D. 
Published: February 2014

Digital repeat photography is becoming widely used for near‐surface remote sensing of vegetation. Canopy greenness, which has been used extensively for phenological applications, can be readily quantified from camera images. Important questions remain, however, as to whether the observed changes in canopy greenness are directly related to changes in leaf‐level traits, changes in canopy structure, or some combination thereof.We investigated relationships between canopy greenness and various metrics of canopy structure and function, using five years (2008–2012) of automated digital imagery, ground observations of phenological transitions, leaf area index (LAI) measurements, and eddy covariance estimates of gross ecosystem photosynthesis from the Harvard Forest, a temperate deciduous forest in the northeastern United States. Additionally, we sampled canopy sunlit leaves on a weekly basis throughout the growing season of 2011. We measured physiological and morphological traits including leaf size, mass (wet/dry), nitrogen content, chlorophyll fluorescence, and spectral reflectance and characterized individual leaf color with flatbed scanner imagery.Our results show that observed spring and autumn phenological transition dates are well captured by information extracted from digital repeat photography. However, spring development of both LAI and the measured physiological and morphological traits are shown to lag behind spring increases in canopy greenness, which rises very quickly to its maximum value before leaves are even half their final size. Based on the hypothesis that changes in canopy greenness represent the aggregate effect of changes in both leaf‐level properties (specifically, leaf color) and changes in canopy structure (specifically, LAI), we developed a two end‐member mixing model. With just a single free parameter, the model was able to reproduce the observed seasonal trajectory of canopy greenness. This analysis shows that canopy greenness is relatively insensitive to changes in LAI at high LAI levels, which we further demonstrate by assessing the impact of an ice storm on both LAI and canopy greenness.Our study provides new insights into the mechanisms driving seasonal changes in canopy greenness retrieved from digital camera imagery. The nonlinear relationship between canopy greenness and canopy LAI has important implications both for phenological research applications and for assessing responses of vegetation to disturbances.
Adsorption of Cadmium, Copper, Nickel, and Zinc to a Poly(tetrafluorethene) Porous Soil Solution Sampler
Authors: Andersen M.K. , Raulund‐Rasmussen K. , Strobel B.W. , Hansen H.C.B. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTSuction cups made of poly(tetrafluorethene) (PTFE) are widely used for sampling of soil solution. A brand (Prenart) of PTFE cups was tested for adsorption of Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn at low concentrations under different conditions. In a laboratory experiment adsorption from a 10 μg L−1 heavy metal solution with a 0.01 M NaCl background electrolyte was investigated at pH 3.6, 4.5, and 5.8 by pumping the solutions through the cups. The effect of three different ionic compositions was also investigated using 0.01 M CaCl2, 0.01 M NaCl, and no background electrolyte at pH 4.5. In 0.01 M NaCl electrolyte at pH 5.8 the cups acted as effective filters. At pH 3.6 after 300 mL of solution had passed through the cup, equivalence between the Cd and Ni concentrations in influent and effluent was found. No equivalence between effluent and influent concentrations was found for Zn and Cu at pH 4.5 and 5.8. With Ca as the electrolyte, no adsorption of Cd, Ni, or Zn was found. In Na electrolyte, equivalence between influent and effluent concentrations for Cd, Ni, and Zn was reached. The difference between effluent and influent concentrations of Zn, Ni, and Cd remained significant in the absence of electrolyte. For all pH values and electrolytes the difference between effluent and influent concentrations of Cu was significant. It is concluded that PTFE cups affect the concentrations of heavy metals sampled at low soil solution concentrations. Cadmium, Cu, Ni, and Zn adsorb to the cup at pH > 4.5 and low ionic strength.
The Effects of Throughfall Manipulation on Soil Leaching in a Deciduous Forest
Authors: Johnson D.W. , Hanson P.J. , Todd D.E. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe effects of changing precipitation on soil leaching in a deciduous forest were examined by experimentally manipulating throughfall fluxes in the field. In addition to an ambient treatment (AMB), throughfall fluxes were reduced by 33% (DRY treatment) and increased by 33% (WET treatment) using a system of rain gutters and sprinklers on Walker Branch Watershed, Tennessee. Soil leaching was measured with resin lysimeters in the O horizons and with ceramic cup lysimeters in the E (25 cm) and Bt (70 cm) horizons. Large and statistically significant treatment effects on N fluxes were found in the O horizons (lower N fluxes in the DRY and higher N fluxes in the WET treatment). Together with the greater O horizon N content observed in the DRY treatment, this suggested that N was being immobilized at a greater rate in the DRY treatment than in the AMB or WET treatments. No statistically significant treatment effects on soil solution were found in the E horizons with the exception of (Ca2++ Mg2+) to K+ratio. Statistically significant treatment effects on electrical conductivity (EC), pH, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, SO2−4, and Cl−were found in the Bt horizons due to differences between the DRY and other treatments. Despite this, calculated fluxes of Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, SO2−4, and Cl−were lowest in the DRY treatment. These results suggest that lower precipitation will cause temporary N immobilization in litter and long‐term enrichment in soil base cations whereas increased precipitation will cause long‐term depletion of soil base cations.
Phosphorus Transport in Overland Flow in Response to Position of Manure Application
Authors: McDowell Richard , Sharpley Andrew 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTPhosphorus (P) loss in overland flow varies with spatial distribution of soil P, management, and hydrological pathways. The effect of flow time, flowpath length, and manure position on P loss in overland flow from two central Pennsylvania soils packed in boxes of varying length (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.75, and 4.0 m long × 15 cm wide × 5 cm deep) were examined by collecting flow samples at 5‐min intervals for 30 min (50 mm h−1rainfall) without and with 75 kg P ha−1applied as swine (Sus scrofa) manure over 0.5 m of the box slope length at distances of 0 to 3.5 m from the downslope collection point. Dissolved reactive P concentration was more closely related to the proportion of clay in sediment of overland flow before (r= 0.98) than after (r= 0.56) manure application. This was attributed to the transport of larger, low‐density particles after applying manure. The concentration of dissolved and particulate P fractions decreased with increasing flowpath length, due to dilution rather than sorption of P by surface soil during overland flow. Total P loss (mainly as particulate P) from the Watson channery silt loam (fine‐loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic Fragiudult) was more than from Berks channery silt loam (loamy‐skeletal, mixed, active, mesic Typic Dystrudept), even with manure applied. Thus, while P loss in overland flow is affected by where manure is applied relative to flowpath length, initial soil P concentration should not be discounted when looking at areas of potential P loss within a watershed.
Degradation of 14C‐Atrazine Bound Residues in Brown Soil and Rendzina Fractions
Authors: Munier‐Lamy C. , Feuvrier M.P. , Choné T. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe remobilization and the fate of 14C‐ring labeled atrazine (6‐chloro‐N2‐ethyl‐N4‐isopropyl‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4‐diamine) bound residues was examined in relation with the turnover of natural soil organic matter. Soil fractions of a brown soil and a rendzina were incubated under controled laboratory conditions. The mineralization of natural organic matter and atrazine‐bound residues was respectively estimated by the amounts of CO2 and 14CO2 evolved during the incubation. The remobilization and distribution of 14C residues among the soil organic fractions were achieved after physical–chemical extractions of the samples. Comparisons of samples in abiotic and biotic conditions allowed us to assess the influence of microbial activity on the fate of atrazine‐bound residues. The mineralization curves showed that natural organic matter and atrazine‐bound residues had similar decomposition patterns. After 100 d of incubation, 0.8 to 3.6% of total organic C was evolved as CO2, while only 0.1% of the initial radioactivity was mineralized as CO2, and 7 to 15% was becoming extractable with water and methanol. Few differences were observed in the distribution of residues within organic compounds for both fractions of the rendzina, except a decrease of the 14C radioactivity of the 50‐ to 5000‐μm fraction and a slight increase of that of humin. For the 0‐ to 5000‐μm brown soil fraction, increased radioactivity in humin at the expense of humic (HA) and fulvic (FA) acids was detected after incubation, while for the 0‐ to 50‐μm fraction more radioactivity was recovered with FA.
Effects of Conservation Tillage on the Performance of Lake Erie Basin Farms
Authors: Forster D. Lynn 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper summarizes research that investigates the effects of alternative farming practices on the performance of Lake Erie basin farms. First, data from a representative panel of about 100 farmers is analyzed to determine how conservation tillage, rotations, and other factors affected farms' economic returns during 1987–1992. Statistical analysis of these data is unable to demonstrate that there is any significant relationship between farming system (i.e., tillage and rotation) variables and farm profitability. Next, a farm‐level bioeconomic simulation model is used to analyze the effects of conservation tillage adoption on farm profitability, farm size, and pollutant emissions. Findings are that tillage system, farm size, and crop selection are determined jointly and may substantially improve economic performance of farms. Conservation tillage enables farms to be larger and more specialized, and as a result, farm profitability improves. Statistical analysis of farm panel data is unable to show the effect of tillage on profitability because it neglects to account for endogeneity of variables (or joint effects of tillage, size, crop selection, and performance) in production decisions.
Trace Element Retention and Release on Minerals and Soil in a Constructed Wetland
Authors: Fox Patricia M. , Doner Harvey E. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTConstructed wetlands are one method under investigation for the remediation of trace element–contaminated agricultural drainwater. A greater understanding of the retention of trace elements by the bulk soil and soil constituents is necessary for their safe and effective use. To determine the capacity of soil, calcite, and goethite‐coated quartz sand for retention of As, Mo, and V under field conditions, an in situ method was used whereby permeable bags containing those minerals were placed near the sediment surface of a flow‐through constructed wetland for 3 or 12 mo. Accumulations of As, Mo, and V occurred on goethite‐coated sand. Concentrations of Mo on goethite‐coated sand were much higher in samples from a wetland cell with a water depth of 15 cm (38.23 ± 7.27 mg kg−1) compared with those from a cell with a water depth of 3 cm (8.30 ± 1.45 mg kg−1). Calcite sorbed no As and low amounts of Mo and V, indicating that it is not an important sink for those elements under these conditions. In soil bags, total As and V concentrations showed little change over 12 mo. Molybdenum accumulated in the soil bags, resulting in total concentrations (12 mo) of 27.22 ± 2.69 mg kg−1 and 11.42 ± 1.35 mg kg−1 at water depths of 15 and 3 cm, respectively. Nearly half of the Mo accumulation on soil became water soluble after air‐drying. This has important implications for systems that may undergo changes in redox status, possibly resulting in large fluxes of water‐soluble Mo.