bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the highest concentrations used in the in vitro chromosome aberrations assay
Authors: Brookmire Lauren , Chen James J. , Levy Dan D. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThere is controversy over the highest concentration to which an article should be tested in in vitro mammalian cell assays of genetic toxicity. Until recently, most guidelines specified the use of concentrations of up to 10 mM or 5,000 μg/ml (whichever is lower) when not limited by the toxicity of the test article to the cells used for the test. Several recent publications have called for lowering those limits. We examined concentration/response curves for in vitro chromosome aberrations assays. Data was extracted from two published databases to evaluate the lowest dose at which a positive response was reported. Concentration/response curves were simulated using Monte Carlo procedures on log normal distributions of the data. These curves were then used to predict the loss in assay sensitivity that would be incurred by arbitrarily lowering the highest concentration to which the assay is conducted. The simulations suggest that lowering the current high concentration limit from 10 mM would dramatically impact the sensitivity of the assay. In contrast, lowering the high concentration limit using the μg/ml scale, the most commonly applied scale in regulatory submissions, would not have a similar impact on assay sensitivity until the limit concentration was lowered to more than half of the current 5,000 μg/ml limit. This analysis suggests that the current limits of 10 mM and 5,000 μg/ml are not equivalent to one another and challenges the assumption that lowering the 10 mM limit will not decrease assay sensitivity. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2013. Published 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A complex of α6 integrin and E‐cadherin drives liver metastasis of colorectal cancer cells through hepatic angiopoietin‐like 6
Authors: Marchiò Serena , Soster Marco , Cardaci Sabrina , Muratore Andrea , Bartolini Alice , Barone Vanessa , Ribero Dario , Monti Maria , Bovino Paola , Sun Jessica , Giavazzi Raffaella , Asioli Sofia , Cassoni Paola , Capussotti Lorenzo , Pucci Piero , Bugatti Antonella , Rusnati Marco , Pasqualini Renata , Arap Wadih , Bussolino Federico 
Published: October 2012

AbstractHoming of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells to the liver is a non‐random process driven by a crosstalk between tumour cells and components of the host tissue. Here we report the isolation of a liver metastasis‐specific peptide ligand (CGIYRLRSC) that binds a complex of E‐cadherin and α6 integrin on the surface of CRC cells. We identify angiopoietin‐like 6 protein as a peptide‐mimicked natural ligand enriched in hepatic blood vessels of CRC patients. We demonstrate that an interaction between hepatic angiopoietin‐like 6 and tumoural α6 integrin/E‐cadherin drives liver homing and colonization by CRC cells, and that CGIYRLRSC inhibits liver metastasis through interference with this ligand/receptor system. Our results indicate a mechanism for metastasis whereby a soluble factor accumulated in normal vessels functions as a specific ligand for circulating cancer cells. Consistently, we show that high amounts of coexpressed α6 integrin and E‐cadherin in primary tumours represent a poor prognostic factor for patients with advanced CRC.
What makes us human? Answers from evolutionary anthropology
Authors: Calcagno James M. , Fuentes Agustín 
Published: October 2012

AbstractToday, scholars from numerous and highly diverse fields are not only addressing the question of what makes us human, but also seeking input from other disciplines to inform their answers to this fundamental issue. However, for the most part, evolutionary anthropologists are not particularly prominent in this discussion, or at least not acknowledged to be. Why is this the case? One reason may be that although evolutionary anthropologists are uniquely positioned to provide valuable insight on this subject, the responses from any one of us are likely to be as different as the research specializations and intellectual experiences that we bring to the table. Indeed, one would anticipate that a paleoanthropologist would not only have different views than a primatologist, geneticist, or behavioral ecologist, but from other paleoanthropologists as well. Yet if asked by a theologian, psychologist, or political scientist, and perhaps most importantly, by any curious person outside the walls of academia, do we have a response that most evolutionary anthropologists could agree on as reflecting our contributions to the understanding of being and becoming human? Our introductory textbooks usually begin with this fundamental question, yet seldom produce a concise answer. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
THE EFFECT OF DRIP LINE PLACEMENT ON SOIL WATER DYNAMICS IN THE CASE OF SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION
Authors: Diamantopoulos E. , Elmaloglou S. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTThe effect of drip line placement on soil wetting pattern, deep percolation and evapotranspiration, in the case of surface and subsurface drip irrigation, was considered. To this aim, a mathematical model which describes water flow under surface and subsurface drip lines, taking into account root water uptake, evaporation of soil water from the soil surface and hysteresis in the soil water characteristic curve θ(Η), was used. Several numerical experiments were conducted, for three soils, two discharge rates and four drip line placements. The results showed that when the depth of placement increases, the horizontal movement of water, close to the surface, decreases. It was also concluded that in the case of surface drip irrigation, the values of the water content close to the drip line are lower compared with those of subsurface drip irrigation. Lastly, the numerical results showed that deep percolation increases at a higher pace than evaporation decreases, resulting in lower values of irrigation efficiency as the depth of placement increases. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Keeping pain out of your mind: The role of attentional set in pain
Authors: Van Ryckeghem D.M.L. , Crombez G. , Eccleston C. , Legrain V. , Van Damme S. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe involuntary capture of attention by pain may, to some extent, be controlled by psychological variables. In this paper, we investigated the effect of attentional set (i.e., the collection of task‐related features that a person is monitoring in order to successfully pursue a goal) on pain.MethodsTwo experiments are reported in which the task relevance of the modality and spatial location of a target stimulus was manipulated. In both experiments, somatosensory and auditory stimuli were presented on each trial. In experiment 1, 29 participants were cued on each trial to localize either a somatosensory or an auditory target. In experiment 2, 37 participants were cued on each trial to identify either a somatosensory or an auditory target at a particular location.ResultsIn experiment 1, self‐reported pain intensity and unpleasantness were reduced when participants had to localize the auditory target. The location of the painful stimulus relative to the location of the auditory target did not affect pain. In experiment 2, again, pain intensity and unpleasantness ratings were reduced when participants identified the auditory target. Now, the location of the painful stimulus relative to the location of the auditory target moderated the effect. Pain intensity was less when the painful stimulus was at a different location than the auditory target.ConclusionsResults are discussed in terms of the attentional set hypothesis, and we argue that the effectiveness of distraction tasks depends on the degree to which the task‐relevant features of the distraction task are distinct from pain‐related features.
Effects of intravenous propranolol on heat pain sensitivity in healthy men
Authors: Schweinhardt P. , Abulhasan Y.B. , Koeva V. , Balderi T. , Kim D.J. , Alhujairi M. , Carli F. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundClinical studies have shown opioid‐sparing effects of β‐adrenergic antagonists perioperatively and β‐blockers are being investigated for chronic musculoskeletal pain. However, the direct analgesic effects of β‐blockers have rarely been examined in healthy humans.MethodsIn a randomized, counter‐balanced, double‐blind, within‐subject crossover design, we tested the effect of the lipophilic β‐blocker propranolol (0.035 mg/kg body weight i.v.) on heat pain sensitivity in 39 healthy males, compared with placebo. To test for peripheral versus central effects, the peripherally acting β‐blocker sotalol was also examined. Experimental stimuli were brief superficial noxious heat stimuli applied to the volar forearm. Non‐painful cold stimuli were included to test for specificity. Sedation, mood and anxiety were assessed to investigate potential mechanisms underlying any analgesic effect. β‐blocker effects on blood pressure were incorporated into the analysis because of a known inverse relationship between pain sensitivity and systolic blood pressure.ResultsPropranolol significantly decreased perceived intensity of heat pain stimuli but only in participants with small propranolol‐induced blood pressure decreases. Even in this group, the effect was small (4%). Propranolol did not influence perceived intensity of non‐noxious stimuli and had no effect on sedation, anxiety or mood. Sotalol did not influence heat pain sensitivity.ConclusionsPropranolol decreased pain sensitivity but its analgesic effects were small and counteracted by blood pressure decreases. The analgesic effects were not mediated by peripheral β‐receptor blockade, sedation, mood or anxiety. The small effect indicates that the utility of β‐blockers for clinical pain must be related to factors that do not play a significant role for experimental pain.
Tumor necrosis factor α suppresses the mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis promoter miR-21 in estrogen deficiency–induced osteoporosis
Authors: Yang Nan , Wang Guang , Hu Chenghu , Shi Yuanyuan , Liao Li , Shi Songtao , Cai Yan , Cheng Shuli , Wang Xi , Liu Yali , Tang Liang , Ding Yin , Jin Yan 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Inflammatory cytokines, especially tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), have been shown to inhibit osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and bone formation in estrogen deficiency–induced osteoporosis, but the mechanism responsible remains poorly understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to regulate MSC differentiation. Here, we identified a novel mechanism whereby TNF-α, suppressing the functional axis of a key miRNA (miR-21) contributes to estrogen deficiency–induced osteoporosis. In this study, we screened differentially expressed miRNAs in MSCs derived from estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis and found miR-21 was significantly downregulated. miR-21 was suppressed by TNF-α during the osteogenesis of MSCs. Furthermore, miR-21 was confirmed to promote the osteoblast differentiation of MSCs by repressing Spry1, which can negatively regulate the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Upregulating miR-21 partially rescued TNF-α–impaired osteogenesis of MSCs. Blocking TNF-α ameliorated the inflammatory environment and significantly enhanced bone formation with increased miR-21 expression and suppressed Spry1 expression in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. Our results revealed a novel function for miR-21 and suggested that suppressed miR-21 may contribute to impaired bone formation by elevated TNF-α in estrogen deficiency–induced osteoporosis. This study may indicate a molecular basis for novel therapeutic strategies against osteoporosis and other inflammatory bone diseases. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Conversions of olive mill wastewater‐based media by Saccharomyces cerevisiae through sterile and non‐sterile bioprocesses
Authors: Sarris Dimitris , Giannakis Marios , Philippoussis Antonios , Komaitis Michael , Koutinas Apostolis A. , Papanikolaou Seraphim 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Olive mill wastewaters (OMWs) are an important residue and several methods have been proposed for their treatment.RESULTS: Remarkable decolorization (~63%) and phenol removal (~34% w/w) from OMW was achieved. In glucose‐based flask sterile cultures, enrichment with OMWs increased ethanol and biomass production compared with cultures without OMWs added. Flask sterile and un‐sterilized cultures demonstrated similar kinetic results. Batch‐bioreactor trials performed showed higher ethanol and lower biomass quantities compared with the respective shake‐flask experiments, while cultures used under un‐sterilized conditions revealed equivalent results to the sterile ones. In non‐sterile bioreactor cultures, OMWs addition enhanced biomass production in comparison with culture with no OMWs added, whereas ethanol biosynthesis was not affected. The maximum ethanol quantity achieved was 52 g L−1 (conversion yield per sugar consumed of 0.46 g g−1) in a batch bioreactor non‐sterilized trial with OMW–glucose enriched medium used as substrate, that presented initial reducing sugars concentration at ~115 g L−1. Fatty acid analysis of cellular lipids demonstrated that in OMW‐based media, cellular lipids containing increased concentrations of oleic and linoleic acid were produced in comparison with cultures with no OMWs added.CONCLUSIONS: S. cerevisiae simultaneously produced bio‐ethanol and biomass and detoxified OMWs, under non‐sterile conditions. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Can live bi‐plane sonography reduce work‐related musculoskeletal disorders of the wrist?
Authors: Stenberg Ben , Elliott Simon T. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectives:Work‐related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are a recognized problem affecting up to 81% of sonographers. Live bi‐plane imaging is a new technology derived from matrix transducers, which allows the operator to scan in more than one plane simultaneously and can reduce the off‐axis movement of the scanning arm when assessing abdominal organs. This study was performed to assess if using a bi‐planar technique would reduce stressful movements of the wrist.Methods:Twelve patients were scanned by three operators (four each) using both a standard scanning abdominal protocol and a live bi‐plane abdominal protocol using an iu22 scanner (Philips Healthcare, Bothell, WA) and an X6‐1 probe with a bi‐axial flexible electrogoniometer measuring the postural stresses on the scanning wrist throughout the study.Results:Significant flexion/extension and radial/ulnar deviations were markedly reduced using the bi‐plane scanning protocol compared to the standard B‐mode protocol, with an average reduction in significant repetitive wrist movements of 71.6% (p = <0.001).Conclusions:Bi‐planar ultrasound scanning technique may reduce stressful movements on the scanning arm and might reduce the likelihood of WMSD assuming there are no other contributing factors. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2013
SEM and AFM studies of dip‐coated CuO nanofilms
Authors: Dhanasekaran V. , Mahalingam T. , Ganesan V. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractCupric oxide (CuO) semiconducting thin films were prepared at various copper sulfate concentrations by dip coating. The copper sulfate concentration was varied to yield films of thicknesses in the range of 445–685 nm by surface profilometer. X‐ray diffraction patterns revealed that the deposited films were polycrystalline in nature with monoclinic structure of (−111) plane. The surface morphology and topography of monoclinic‐phase CuO thin films were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively. Surface roughness profile was plotted using WSxM software and the estimated surface roughness was about ∼19.4 nm at 30 mM molar concentration. The nanosheets shaped grains were observed by SEM and AFM studies. The stoichiometric compound formation was observed at 30 mM copper sulfate concentration prepared film by EDX. The indirect band gap energy of CuO films was increased from 1.08 to 1.20 eV with the increase of copper sulfate concentrations. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Role of DNA methylation in the development of Epstein–Barr virus‐associated gastric carcinoma
Authors: Saito Mari , Nishikawa Jun , Okada Toshiyuki , Morishige Akihiro , Sakai Kouhei , Nakamura Munetaka , Kiyotoki Shu , Hamabe Kouichi , Okamoto Takeshi , Oga Atsunori , Sasaki Kohsuke , Suehiro Yutaka , Hinoda Yuji , Sakaida Isao 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe frequencies of DNA methylation of certain tumor‐related genes are higher in Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐associated gastric carcinomas than in EBV‐negative gastric carcinomas. EBV‐associated gastric carcinomas have distinct clinicopathological features; however, there are no case‐control studies comparing methylation frequency between EBV‐associated gastric carcinomas and controls that have been adjusted according to the clinicopathological features of EBV‐associated gastric carcinomas. This study evaluated 25 EBV‐associated gastric carcinomas that were positive for EBV‐encoded small RNA 1 (EBER‐1) by in situ hybridization and 50 EBV‐negative gastric carcinomas that were matched with the EBV‐associated gastric carcinomas by age, sex, histology, depth of tumor invasion, and stage. Methylation status of 16 loci associated with tumor‐related genes was analyzed by methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify genes in which DNA methylation specifically occurred in EBV‐associated gastric carcinomas. Methylation frequencies of 12 of the 16 genes were higher in EBV‐associated gastric carcinomas than in EBV‐negative controls, and the frequency of methylation of 6 specific loci (MINT2, MINT31, p14, p16, p73, and RUNX3) was significantly higher in EBV‐associated gastric carcinomas than in EBV‐negative controls. There were no significant differences in the methylation frequencies of the other genes. The mean methylation index in EBV‐associated gastric carcinomas was significantly higher than that in EBV‐negative controls. DNA methylation of tumor suppressor genes that regulate the cell cycle and apoptosis specifically occurred in EBV‐associated gastric carcinomas. Aberrant DNA methylation might lead to the development and progression of EBV‐associated gastric carcinoma. J. Med. Virol. 85:121–127, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diversity of rotavirus strains circulating in children under 5 years of age admitted to hospital for acute gastroenteritis in morocco, june 2006 to may 2009
Authors: Benhafid Mohammed , Elomari Nezha , Elqazoui Maria , Meryem Azzouzi Idrissi , Rguig Ahmed , Filali‐Maltouf Abdelkarim , Elaouad Rajae 
Published: October 2012

AbstractRotavirus vaccine was introduced in Morocco during 2010. In anticipation of introducing rotavirus vaccines, the Ministry of Health in Morocco established a rotavirus surveillance network in June 2006 at four hospitals in Morocco to obtain baseline data on rotavirus disease burden and prevalent strains. From June 2006 to May 2009, stool samples were collected from children under 5 years of age admitted for diarrhea to four sentinel hospitals serving different regions of Morocco. Rotaviruses were detected in stools using enzyme immunoassay, then genotyped by reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Samples with adequate stool in which the P or G types could not be determined by RT‐PCR were subjected to nucleotide sequence analysis. Overall, 42% (579 of 1,388) of the stools samples tested were positive for rotavirus. Genotyping of 548 (95%) samples demonstrated that G1P[8] (55%) was the most prevalent strain, followed by G9P[8] (11.3%), G2P[4] (9.1%), G4P[8] (0.9%), and G3P[8] (0.4%). Several other strains were identified including G1P[4] (0.2%), G1P[6] (0.9%), G2P[6] (4.3%), G2P[8] (0.2%), G3P[6] (0.4%), G3P[4] (0.2%), and G9P[6] (0.2%). A high prevalence of mixed infections was found (15% of all samples) of which G1G2P[8] (4%) and G1G3P[8] (3.6%) accounted for the majority. Considerable diversity of rotavirus genotypes was present among strains circulating in Morocco prior to the introduction of the vaccine. This study highlighted the need for maintaining active surveillance to monitor changes in rotavirus disease burden and strain dynamics and to detect changes over time that could impact the effectiveness of the vaccination program. J. Med. Virol. 85:354–362, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A trinity of engagement transforms care at UPMC Shadyside's 6 Main
Authors: D'Antonio Irma 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAt 6 Main, part of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, the evolution from a struggling patient care unit to a high‐functioning patient care team was led by a thoughtful partnership involving the unit director, her staff, and an improvement specialist trained in the use of Transforming Care at the Bedside (TCAB) tools. Motivated to achieve total patient safety, they worked together to transform the culture of a nursing unit so that those closest to the patients are empowered to initiate and lead improvement efforts. The results of this transformation are reflected in higher patient satisfaction scores that stem from enhanced communication with nurses, greater responsiveness of hospital staff, and a safer and more pleasant hospital environment. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
For success in a cross‐cultural environment, choose foreign executives wisely
Authors: Arp Frithjof 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe increasing globalization of the world economy challenges multinational as well as small and medium‐sized local organizations to attract and retain global talent. Academic researchers have lately turned their attention from organizational expatriate assignments to various new types of global careers, including self‐initiated expatriation in geographically and culturally distant countries. Among these new global careers, foreign executives in local organizations (FELOs) are a very specific phenomenon. Highly visible and often controversial, FELOs are appointed to help organizations compete with—and even leapfrog–international competitors. Research shows that a dichotomy exists between the initial reason for an FELO appointment and the reasons that actually make a cross‐cultural workplace successful in the long term. Local organizations that appoint foreign executives without regard for contextual influences, people management skills, and capacity development do so at their peril. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Encouraging the happiness of older employees at Sodexo France
Authors: Franklin‐Johnson Elizabeth , Richomme‐Huet Katia 
Published: October 2012

AbstractEmployees that are happy tend to be interested, engaged, and content in their work and, therefore, more likely to exhibit positive on‐the‐job behaviors. Given the fact that the number of older employees in the workplace is rising, how is it possible to ensure the happiness of this particular group of employees, especially since the needs of older employees differ from those of their younger counterparts? The experience of Sodexo France reveals that the implementation of a policy that addresses the unique needs of older employees enhances job satisfaction and positive affect and discourages negative affect—for the benefit of the entire organization. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.