bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of a singular flow in a porous medium
Authors: Beldiman M. , Boacă Ioana , Marinoschi G. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe address an optimization problem related to a diffusive flow in a nonhomogeneous porous medium. More exactly, the purpose is to control by a flow parameter an optimal average of the solution in a subset of the domain. The state model is degenerate and ill‐posed and this requires to develop a technique of optimization for a singular state system.
Enhanced functionally graded material shell finite elements
Authors: Kugler S. , Fotiu P.A. , Murin J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractStructures made of Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) show a gradual variation of material properties in one, two, or three directions. In this paper, an efficient low‐order shell element with six nodal degrees of freedom (including the drill rotation) is presented, supplemented with a proper method for calculating effective elastic properties. This new FGM shell element can be coupled with 3D FGM beam elements on a single node. The numerical results indicate high effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed approach.
Concerning one approach to the reconstruction of heterogeneous residual stress in plate
Authors: Nedin R. , Vatulyan A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn present paper the inverse problem on the identification of three non‐homogeneous residual stress components in rectangular plate in steady‐state vibration regime is considered. The equation building the iterative process of solving the inverse problem is formulated. An approach to the reconstruction of residual stresses is described on the basis of introduction the Airy prestress function. The technique of leading the inverse problem to a system of linear algebraic equations at each iteration is proposed. Results of conducting a series of computational experiments on the reconstruction are depicted and discussed.
Shape sensitivity analysis of Timoshenko's plate with a crack under the nonpenetration condition
Authors: Lazarev N.P. , Rudoy E.M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAn equilibrium problem for an elastic transversely isotropic Timoshenko's plate with a curvilinear crack is considered. On the crack faces, the nonpenetration conditions, which have the form of inequalities (conditions of the Signorini type), are given. By using a sufficiently smooth perturbation determined in the middle plate plane, the variation of plate geometry is specified. The formula of the derivative of the plate energy functional with respect to the perturbation parameter is deduced.
Equilibrium equations for transversely accreted shells
Authors: Lychev S. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA particular case of the theory of growing thin‐walled structures, namely the theory of transversely accreted shells is considered. A correspondence between equilibrium equations in terms of rates for transversally accreted shells and equilibrium equations in terms of displacements for permanent shells is established. The equilibrium equations for accreted shells that obey the kinematics hypothesis of Mindlin type are derived in terms of displacements as well as in terms of rates.
Free rate‐independent elastoplastic equations
Authors: Xiao H. , Bruhns O.T. , Meyers A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractNew rate‐independent finite elastoplastic equations are proposed in unified forms applicable to all loading‐unloading cases. A departure from the classical elastoplastic equations is that these new equations are not subjected to and hence free from the usual extrinsic restrictive conditions, including the yield condition as well as the loading‐unloading conditions. Such free equations are of Eulerian rate type and assume the same smooth form for all possible stresses and for all strain rates. It is demonstrated that the essential representative features of finite elastoplastic deformations, namely, the yield behavior and the loading‐unloading behavior in the traditional sense, may be derived from and hence naturally incorporated as intrinsic physical characteristics into the free elastoplastic equations proposed in a more realistic sense and, in particular, the classical notions characterizing these features are found to exhibit novel, perhaps more profound physical meanings in the new equations. Furthermore, the strong discontinuity in tangent moduli at transition from elastic to plastic state, involved in the traditional formulation, is shown to be replaced by a smooth transition. Implications are discussed in respects of constitutive implications and numerical treatment.
Micromechanical and macromechanical modelling of foams: Identification of Cosserat parameters
Authors: Diebels S. , Geringer A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe classical continuum model does not describe the mechanical behaviour of cellular materials. To model the size‐dependent mechanical properties of these materials, the extended continuum models such as the micropolar approach can be used. The reference data is extracted from the virtual experiments performed on an artificial open‐cell foam specimens. With the proper set of the Cosserat parameters the detailed microstructural model can be described on the macroscopic level using the extended continuum approach. The parameter identification task is defined as a minimisation task, which is solved using the evolutionary computational framework.
Propagation of linear compression waves through plane interfacial layers and mass adsorption in second gradient fluids
Authors: Rosi G. , Giorgio I. , Eremeyev V.A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis paper addresses the problem of reflection and transmission of compression waves at the phase transition layer between the vapour and liquid phases of the same fluid. Within the framework of second gradient fluid modeling, we use a non‐convex free energy in order to describe the phase transition phenomenon. A stationary solution for the fluid density is found for an infinite domain, and an analytical expression for the phase transition is presented. Then the propagation of linear waves superposed to this stationary solution is discussed, with particular attention to the behaviour in correspondence of the interfacial layer. The reflection and transmission of waves is studied and analized with the aid of numerical simulations, and an interesting phenomenon of mass adsorption at the interface is observed and discussed.
Laparoscopy‐Assisted Distal Gastrectomy Versus Open Distal Gastrectomy. A Prospective Randomized Single‐Blind Study
Authors: Takiguchi Shuji , Fujiwara Yoshiyuki , Yamasaki Makoto , Miyata Hiroshi , Nakajima Kiyokazu , Sekimoto Mitsugu , Mori Masaki , Doki Yuichiro 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopy‐assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) is generally considered superior to open distal gastrectomy (ODG) with regard to postoperative quality‐of‐life. Differences in postoperative pain may exist due to recent pain control techniques including epidural anesthesia. There is little evidence for this difference. In this article we report the results of our randomized single‐blind study in LADG versus ODG. The aim of the present study was to evaluate differences in postoperative physical activity between LADG and ODG.MethodsForty patients with early gastric cancer (stage IA and IB) were registered in this randomized study. For strict evaluation, patients were not told about the type of operation until postoperative day 7. Postoperative physical activity was evaluated objectively by Active Tracer, which records the cumulative acceleration over a 24 h period to investigate differences in postoperative recovery. Questionnaire and visual analog scale score related to postoperative pain were also investigated.ResultsSignificant differences were observed with a more favorable outcome noted in the LADG group with respect to intraoperative blood loss (P < 0.001), total amount of pain rescue (P < 0.001), wound size (P < 0.001), postoperative hospital stay (P < 0.001), and inflammatory parameters (C‐reactive protein, SaO2, and duration of febrile period) (P < 0.001). Cumulative physical recovery to 70 % of the preoperative level was significantly shorter (by 3 days, P < 0.001) in the LADG group.ConclusionsComparison of LADG and ODG for patients with early gastric cancer showed favorable outcome and earlier recovery of physical activity in the LADG group.
Diagnostics method for the rapid quantitative detection and identification of low-level contamination of high-purity water with pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Minogue Elizabeth , Reddington Kate , Dorai-Raj Siobhan , Tuite Nina , Clancy Eoin , Barry Thomas 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
High-purity water (HPW) can be contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms, which may result in human infection. Current culture-based techniques for the detection of microorganisms from HPW can be slow and laborious. The aim of this study was to develop a rapid method for the quantitative detection and identification of pathogenic bacteria causing low-level contamination of HPW. A novel internally controlled multiplex real-time PCR diagnostics assay was designed and optimized to specifically detect and identify Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the Burkholderia genus. Sterile HPW, spiked with a bacterial load ranging from 10 to 103 cfu/100 ml, was filtered and the bacterial cells were removed from the filters by sonication. Total genomic DNA was then purified from these bacteria and subjected to testing with the developed novel multiplex real-time PCR diagnostics assay. The specific P. aeruginosa and Burkholderia genus assays have an analytical sensitivity of 3.5 genome equivalents (GE) and 3.7 GE, respectively. This analysis demonstrated that it was possible to detect a spiked bacterial load of 1.06 × 102 cfu/100 ml for P. aeruginosa and 2.66 × 102 cfu/100 ml for B. cepacia from a 200-ml filtered HPW sample. The rapid diagnostics method described can reliably detect, identify, and quantify low-level contamination of HPW with P. aeruginosa and the Burkholderia genus in &lt;4 h. We propose that this rapid diagnostics method could be applied to the pharmaceutical and clinical sectors to assure the safety and quality of HPW, medical devices, and patient-care equipment.
Idiopathic ventricular arrhythmia originating from the para‐Hisian area: Prevalence, electrocardiographic and electrophysiological characteristics
Authors: Ban Ji‐Eun , Chen Yung‐Lung , Park Hwan‐Cheol , Kim Dong‐Hyeok , Lee Dae‐In , Park Yae‐Min , Choi Jong‐Il , Lim Hong‐Euy , Park Sang‐Weon , Kim Young‐Hoon 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated the prevalence and the electrocardiographic and electrophysiological characteristics of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) originating from the para‐Hisian area.MethodsAmong 250 patients with idiopathic VAs, 8 (3.2%) had an ablation site in the para‐Hisian region. For comparison with right ventricular (RV) para‐Hisian VAs (n=6), 27 patients with VAs originating from the posterior RV outflow tract (RVOT) were studied.ResultsPara‐Hisian VAs had an R wave in leads I and aVL. The VAs originating from the site below the His bundle region were determined to have a superior axis (n=4, 50%). A His potential was recorded at the proximal bipole of the successful ablation site in 6 patients. RV para‐Hisian VAs had a narrower QRS width (114±12 ms vs. 139±12 ms, P=0.003), as well as a higher incidence of R waves in lead aVL (83.3% vs. 0%, P<0.001) and QS waves in lead V1 (83.3% vs. 22.2%, P=0.004) compared to posterior RVOT VAs. A greater R wave amplitude in lead I (1.15±0.34 mV vs. 0.34±0.18 mV, P=0.001) and a smaller R wave amplitude in the inferior leads (0.68±0.23 mV vs. 1.58±0.55 mV, P<0.001), with a higher R wave amplitude ratio in leads II/III (4.2±2.0 vs. 1.1±0.2, P=0.01) were the major ECG characteristics.ConclusionsPara‐Hisian VAs have distinctive electrocardiographic features and can be successfully eliminated without disturbance of atrioventricular conduction.
Rescue or Return: The Fate of the Iraqi Jewish Archive
Authors: Montgomery Bruce P. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractShortly following the 2003 invasion of Iraq, an American mobile exploitation team was diverted from its mission in hunting for weapons for mass destruction to search for an ancient Talmud in the basement of Saddam Hussein's secret police (Mukhabarat) headquarters in Baghdad. Instead of finding the ancient holy book, the soldiers rescued from the basement flooded with several feet of fetid water an invaluable archive of disparate individual and communal documents and books relating to one of the most ancient Jewish communities in the world. The seizure of Jewish cultural materials by the Mukhabarat recalled similar looting by the Nazis during World War II. The materials were spirited out of Iraq to the United States with a vague assurance of their return after being restored. Several years after their arrival in the United States for conservation, the Iraqi Jewish archive has become contested cultural property between Jewish groups and the Iraqi Jewish diaspora on the one hand and Iraqi cultural officials on the other. This article argues that the archive comprises the cultural property and heritage of the Iraqi Jewish diaspora.
Improving shift-reduce constituency parsing with large-scale unlabeled data
Authors: ZHU MUHUA , ZHU JINGBO , WANG HUIZHEN 
Published: June 2013

AbstractShift-reduce parsing has been studied extensively for diverse grammars due to the simplicity and running efficiency. However, in the field of constituency parsing, shift-reduce parsers lag behind state-of-the-art parsers. In this paper we propose a semi-supervised approach for advancing shift-reduce constituency parsing. First, we apply the uptraining approach (Petrov, S. et al. 2010. In Proceedings of the 2010 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), Cambridge, MA, USA, pp. 705–713) to improve part-of-speech taggers to provide better part-of-speech tags to subsequent shift-reduce parsers. Second, we enhance shift-reduce parsing models with novel features that are defined on lexical dependency information. Both stages depend on the use of large-scale unlabeled data. Experimental results show that the approach achieves overall improvements of 1.5 percent and 2.1 percent on English and Chinese data respectively. Moreover, the final parsing accuracies reach 90.9 percent and 82.2 percent respectively, which are comparable with the accuracy of state-of-the-art parsers.
The dosimetric impact of supplementing pre-planned prostate implants with discretionary 125I seeds
Authors: McParland Neil , Chng Nicholas , Keyes Mira 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIntroductionProstate implants at the British Columbia Cancer Agency are performed using a pre-planned technique. Physicians can augment the dose distribution using one to five non-planned ‘extra’ seeds and this option is determined without intraoperative feedback. The purpose of this research is to quantify the dosimetric impact of extra seeds and to assess the circumstances under which they are considered necessary.Materials and methodsImplanting physicians used a questionnaire to record the three-dimensional location and their rationale for using extra seeds. A plan reconstruction algorithm was used to distinguish the extra seeds from the planned seeds. Distributions with and without extra seeds were calculated to quantify the dosimetric impact to the prostate, urethra and rectum.ResultsExtra seeds resulted in mean relative increases to V100, V150 and V200 of 3·7%, 13% and 19·1%, respectively. Mean prostate D90 increased from 147 to 156 Gy. Improvements in post-implant quality assurance codes were recorded in 30% of the implants with minimal dose increase to the rectum and urethra. Extra seeds were mainly deposited in the prostate anterior–superior quadrant.ConclusionsThe use of two to five extra seeds can result in improvements to pre-planned prostate implants, whereas the costs in terms of increased rectal and prostatic urethral dose are relatively minor.
Direct microwave-assisted amino acid synthesis by reaction of succinic acid and ammonia in the presence of magnetite
Authors: Jiang Nan , Liu Dandan , Shi Weiguang , Hua Yingjie , Wang Chongtai , Liu Xiaoyang 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSince the discovery of submarine hot vents in the late 1970s, it has been postulated that submarine hydrothermal environments would be suitable for emergence of life on Earth. To simulate warm spring conditions, we designed a series of microwave-assisted amino acid synthesis involving direct reactions between succinic acid and ammonia in the presence of the magnetite catalyst. These reactions which generated aspartic acid and glycine were carried out under mild temperatures and pressures (90–180 °C, 4–19 bar). We studied this specific reaction inasmuch as succinic acid and ammonia were traditionally identified as prebiotic compounds in primitive deep-sea hydrothermal systems on Earth. The experimental results were discussed in both biochemical and geochemical context to offer a possible route for abiotic amino acid synthesis. With extremely diluted starting materials (0.002 M carboxylic acid and 0.002 M ammonia) and catalyst loading, an obvious temperature dependency was observed in both cases [neither product was detected at 90 °C in comparison with 21.08 μmol L−1 (aspartic acid) and 70.25 umol L−1 (glycine) in 180 °C]. However, an opposite trend presented for reaction time factor, namely a positive correlation for glycine, but a negative one for aspartic acid.
Eignung des Kurzfragebogens IRES-24 zur Evaluation gesundheitlicher Präventionsmaßnahmen
Authors: Meffert Cornelia , Gerdes Nikolaus 
Published: June 2013

Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird der Einsatz des Kurzfragebogens IRES-24 im Kontext gesundheitlicher Präventionsmaßnahmen psychometrisch analysiert. Folgende Testgütekriterien wurden überprüft: Akzeptanz, Werteverteilung, interne Konsistenz, faktorielle Struktur und Änderungssensitivität. Ferner wurde anhand der Bildung von Verlaufstypen der Zusammenhang zwischen Gewichtsreduktion und einer Veränderung der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität untersucht. Der IRES-24 wurde zu fünf Messzeitpunkten N = 851 Teilnehmern an einem kommerziellen Gewichtsreduktionsprogramm vorgelegt. Der geringe Anteil fehlender Werte (1.2 %) lässt auf eine hohe Akzeptanz der Items des IRES-24 schließen. Alle Skalen erwiesen sich als intern konsistent. Die SRM-Effektstärken lagen zur Jahreskatamnese für die Dimensionen des IRES-24 zwischen 0.55 und 0.97. Bei der Bildung von Verlaufstypen zeigte sich ein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen einer erfolgreichen Gewichtsreduktion und einer Verbesserung der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität. Auf der Basis der vorgelegten Ergebnisse kann der IRES-24 zur Messung der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität im Kontext gesundheitlicher Präventionsmaßnahmen empfohlen werden.
Three-dimensional deep sub-diffraction optical beam lithography with 9 nm feature size
Authors: Gan Zongsong , Cao Yaoyu , Evans Richard A. , Gu Min 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe current nanofabrication techniques including electron beam lithography provide fabrication resolution in the nanometre range. The major limitation of these techniques is their incapability of arbitrary three-dimensional nanofabrication. This has stimulated the rapid development of far-field three-dimensional optical beam lithography where a laser beam is focused for maskless direct writing. However, the diffraction nature of light is a barrier for achieving nanometre feature and resolution in optical beam lithography. Here we report on three-dimensional optical beam lithography with 9 nm feature size and 52 nm two-line resolution in a newly developed two-photon absorption resin with high mechanical strength. The revealed dependence of the feature size and the two-line resolution confirms that they can reach deep sub-diffraction scale but are limited by the mechanical strength of the new resin. Our result has paved the way towards portable three-dimensional maskless laser direct writing with resolution fully comparable to electron beam lithography.
Enhancement of Vibronic and Ground-State Vibrational Coherences in 2D Spectra of Photosynthetic Complexes
Authors: Chenu Aurélia , Christensson Niklas , Kauffmann Harald F. , Mančal Tomáš 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA vibronic-exciton model is applied to investigate the recently proposed mechanism of enhancement of coherent oscillations due to mixing of electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom. We study a dimer system to elucidate the role of resonance coupling, site energies, vibrational frequency and energy disorder in the enhancement of vibronic-exciton and ground-state vibrational coherences and to identify regimes where this enhancement is significant. For a heterodimer representing two coupled bachteriochloropylls of the FMO complex, long-lived vibronic coherences are found to be generated only when the frequency of the mode is in the vicinity of the electronic energy difference. Although the vibronic-exciton coherences exhibit a larger initial amplitude compared to the ground-state vibrational coherences, we conclude that, due to the dephasing of the former, both type of coherences have a similar magnitude at longer population time.
A GPI anchor explains the unique biological features of the common NKG2D-ligand allele MICA*008
Authors: Ashiru Omodele , López-Cobo Sheila , Fernández-Messina Lola , Pontes-Quero Samuel , Pandolfi Rachele , Reyburn Hugh T. , Valés-Gómez Mar 
Published: June 2013

The human MICA (MHC I-related chain A) gene, encoding a ligand for the NKG2D (NKG2-D type II integral membrane protein) receptor, is highly polymorphic. A group of MICA alleles, named MICA 5.1 (prototype, MICA*008), produce a truncated protein due to a nucleotide insertion in the transmembrane domain. These alleles are very frequent in all of the human populations studied and they have different biological properties, compared with full-length alleles, e.g. recruitment into exosomes, which makes them very potent for down-modulating the NKG2D receptor in effector immune cells. Moreover, MICA*008 is not affected by viral immune evasion mechanisms that target other MICA alleles. In the present study, we demonstrate that MICA*008 acquires a GPI (glycosylphosphatidylinositol) anchor and that this modification is responsible for many of the distinct biological features of the truncated MICA alleles, including recruitment of the protein to exosomes. MICA*008 processing is also unusual as it is observed in the endoplasmic reticulum as a Triton™ X-114 soluble protein, partially undergoing GPI modification while the rest is exocytosed, suggesting a new model for MICA*008 release. This is the first report of a GPI-anchored MICA allele. The finding that this modification occurs in both families of human NKG2D ligands, as well as in the murine system, suggests positive pressure to maintain this biochemical feature.
Model for macroevolutionary dynamics
Authors: Maruvka Yosef E. , Shnerb Nadav M. , Kessler David A. , Ricklefs Robert E. 
Published: June 2013

Significance
Genera are often viewed as artificial constructs of taxonomic practice. Here, we show that a stochastic model that includes three events with constant rates—species formation, extinction of species, and origination of new genera—can describe well the species-within-genus distributions for large taxa. Predictions from the model, including origination times of large taxa and origination rates of genera, match values obtained by other methods. Likewise, estimated extinction rates are close to speciation rates, which is consistent with the paleontological record. The model’s success emphasizes that, although taxonomic groupings are manmade, they nonetheless reflect natural evolutionary processes.