bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of difficult‐to‐remove host cell protein impurities during extended Chinese hamster ovary cell culture and their impact on continuous bioprocessing
Authors: Valente Kristin N. , Lenhoff Abraham M. , Lee Kelvin H. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTDuring biopharmaceutical manufacturing, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells produce hundreds of extracellular host cell protein (HCP) impurities, which must be removed from the therapeutic product by downstream purification operations to ensure patient safety. A subset of 118 of these HCPs have been reported as exceptionally difficult to remove during downstream purification because they co‐purify due to retention characteristics on chromatographic media and/or product‐association through strongly attractive interactions to the therapeutic protein. As the biopharmaceutical industry moves towards continuous bioprocessing, it is important to consider the impact of extended culture of CHO cells on the expression of extracellular HCP impurities, especially those HCPs known to challenge downstream purification. Two complementary proteomic techniques, two‐dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) and shotgun, were applied to detect variations in the extracellular CHO HCP profile over 500 days of culture. In total, 92 HCPs exhibited up to 48‐fold changes in expression, with 34 of these HCPs previously reported as difficult to purify. Each proteomic technique detected differential expression by a distinct set of HCPs, with 10 proteins exhibiting significant variable expression by both methods. This study presents the impact of cell age on the extracellular CHO HCP impurity profile and identifies HCPs with variable expression levels, which warrant further investigation to facilitate their clearance in downstream purification. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 1232–1242. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Algal productivity modeling: A step toward accurate assessments of full‐scale algal cultivation
Authors: Béchet Quentin , Chambonnière Paul , Shilton Andy , Guizard Guillaume , Guieysse Benoit 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTA new biomass productivity model was parameterized for Chlorella vulgaris using short‐term (<30 min) oxygen productivities from algal microcosms exposed to 6 light intensities (20–420 W/m2) and 6 temperatures (5–42°C). The model was then validated against experimental biomass productivities recorded in bench‐scale photobioreactors operated under 4 light intensities (30.6–74.3W/m2) and 4 temperatures (10–30°C), yielding an accuracy of ± 15% over 163 days of cultivation. This modeling approach addresses major challenges associated with the accurate prediction of algal productivity at full‐scale. Firstly, while most prior modeling approaches have only considered the impact of light intensity on algal productivity, the model herein validated also accounts for the critical impact of temperature. Secondly, this study validates a theoretical approach to convert short‐term oxygen productivities into long‐term biomass productivities. Thirdly, the experimental methodology used has the practical advantage of only requiring one day of experimental work for complete model parameterization. The validation of this new modeling approach is therefore an important step for refining feasibility assessments of algae biotechnologies. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 987–996. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigation of Ce–Zr Oxide‐Supported Ni Catalysts in the Steam Reforming of meta‐Cresol as a Model Component for Bio‐Derived Tar
Authors: Hoang Thi Minh Chau , Rao N. Koteswara , Lefferts Leon , Seshan K. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPhenols are major components in the tar vapours formed during gasification of biomass‐based feedstocks. The steam reforming of m‐cresol was demonstrated for tar removal and H2 production in this study. Ceria–zirconia based catalysts containing nickel were developed and investigated by using multiple characterisation techniques such as X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and temperature‐programmed reduction and oxidation. These catalysts show high activity and excellent stability for producing hydrogen. The influence of the preparation method for the support on the catalyst performance was studied. Ni deposited on a hydrothermally prepared Ce–Zr solid solution was shown to be the most promising catalyst because of its excellent anti‐coking properties resulting from its high oxygen mobility. Insight into the steam‐reforming reactions was gained by in situ FTIR spectroscopy. The IR results reveal different geometries of adsorbed m‐cresol on the different supports. It also indicates that multiple sites (Ni and Ce) on the catalysts are involved in the reactions.
CO2 Capture Using Monoethanolamine in a Bubble‐Column Scrubber
Authors: Chen Pao‐Chi , Luo Yi Xin , Cai Pao Wein 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA continuous bubble‐column scrubber, capturing CO2 gas by monoethanolamine (MEA) solution in a pH‐stat operation, is used to search for optimum process parameters by means of the Taguchi method. The process variables are the pH of the solution, gas flow rate, concentration of CO2 gas, and temperature. From the measured outlet CO2 gas concentrations, the absorption rate and overall mass transfer coefficient can be determined with the support of a steady‐state material balance equation as well as a two‐film model. According to the signal‐to‐noise ratio, the significance sequence influencing the parameters and optimum conditions can be determined. CO2 concentration and pH value proved to be decisive parameters, while temperature and gas flow rate were minor. Five sets of optimum conditions were obtained and could be further verified by empirical equations.
Selectively Measuring π Back‐Donation in Gold(I) Complexes by NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Ciancaleoni Gianluca , Biasiolo Luca , Bistoni Giovanni , Macchioni Alceo , Tarantelli Francesco , Zuccaccia Daniele , Belpassi Leonardo 
Published: December 2014

AbstractEven though the Dewar–Chatt–Duncanson model has been successfully used by chemists since the 1950s, no experimental methodology is yet known to unambiguously estimate the constituents (donation and back‐donation) of a metal–ligand interaction. It is demonstrated here that one of these components, the metal‐to‐ligand π back‐donation, can be effectively probed by NMR measurements aimed at determining the rotational barrier of a CN bond (ΔHr≠) of a nitrogen acyclic carbene ligand. A large series of gold(I) complexes have been synthesized and analyzed, and it was found that the above experimental observables show an accurate correlation with back‐donation, as defined theoretically by the appropriate charge displacement originated upon bond formation. The proposed method is potentially of wide applicability for analyzing the ligand effect in metal catalysts and guiding their design.
Thermal and pH Dual Responsive Copolymer and Silver Nanoparticle Composite for Catalytic Application
Authors: Shah Luqman Ali , Chen Wulian , Siddiq Mohammad , Hu Jianhua , Dong Angang , Yang Dong 
Published: December 2014

AbstractN‐Isopropylacrylamide and vinyl imidazole copolymer, P(NIPAM‐co‐VI), was synthesized by free radical emulsion polymerization. Then, the copolymer and silver nanoparticle composite, P(NIPAM‐co‐VI)‐Ag, was prepared by in situ reduction of AgNO3 with NaBH4. Due to the coexistence of thermal‐responsive PNIPAM and pH‐responsive PVI, P(NIPAM‐co‐VI) and P(NIPAM‐co‐VI)‐Ag exhibited both thermal and pH responsibility, their size would change while altering the temperature or pH of the circumvent. Their thermal and pH dual responsive properties were studied by dynamic light scattering (DLS). P(NIPAM‐co‐VI)‐Ag could be stably dispersed in water at a pH range from 3.0 to 9.3, which is favorable to use P(NIPAM‐co‐VI)‐Ag as a catalyst in the reduction reaction of p‐nitrophenol. The reaction rate constant (kapp) increased with the decrease of pH or the increase of VI content in the copolymer.
Development and Validation of a Short Version of the Supervisory Relationship Questionnaire
Authors: Cliffe Tom , Beinart Helen , Cooper Myra 
Published: December 2014

The Supervisory Relationship Questionnaire (SRQ) is one of the few theoretically sound and psychometrically valid questionnaires for measuring the SR within clinical supervision. However, its length can make it difficult to use in clinical practice and research. This study aimed to produce a shorter version of the SRQ (the Short Supervisory Relationship Questionnaire: S‐SRQ) that retained its reliability and psychometric validity. The SRQ's 67 items were initially reduced using the criteria of external, internal and face validity. Two hundred and three UK trainee clinical psychologists then completed a series of online questionnaires including the S‐SRQ and other clinical supervision measures. A Principal Component Analysis identified three components of the S‐SRQ: ‘safe base’, ‘reflective education’ and ‘structure’, and an 18‐item version was produced. Analyses revealed that the S‐SRQ has high internal reliability, adequate test–retest reliability and good convergent, divergent and predictive validity. Participants also rated the S‐SRQ as easy to use and potentially helpful for providing feedback on the SR in supervision. The S‐SRQ (three subscales, 18 items) is a valid and reliable measure of the SR from the supervisee perspective. The current findings also support aspects of existing models of the SR. The S‐SRQ is a promising measure for use in clinical, training and research settings. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

The Short Supervisory Relationship Questionnaire (S‐SRQ) is a psychometrically reliable and valid 18‐item measure of the supervisory relationship based on the SRQ.
Clinically, the measure represents a quick and accessible means for supervisees to assess the quality of their supervisory relationship and discuss this with their supervisors.
It can also be used in conjunction with the supervisor‐completed Supervisory Relationship Measure to support a dyadic discussion about clinical supervision and the supervisory relationship.
Methyl N‐Phenyl Carbamate Synthesis from Aniline and Methyl Formate: Carbon Recycling to Chemical Products
Authors: Yalfani Mohammad S. , Lolli Giulio , Müller Thomas E. , Wolf Aurel , Mleczko Leslaw 
Published: December 2014

AbstractMethyl N‐phenyl carbamate was synthesized from aniline by using methyl formate as a green and efficient carbonylating agent. High yields were obtained at milder reaction conditions compared to the conventional CO/CH3OH route. Studies on the reaction sequence led to suggest an alternative and more efficient route to the carbamate via formanilide as intermediate.
Clinicians' practices regarding blind versus open weighing among patients with eating disorders
Authors: Forbush Kelsie T. , Richardson Jonathan H. , Bohrer Brittany K. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundEmpirically supported treatments for eating disorders, such as cognitive‐behavioral therapy and family‐based treatment, stress the importance of weighing patients during therapy and using this information as part of treatment. However, weighing practices vary widely across eating disorders professionals, including those that purport to provide empirically supported interventions.ObjectivesTo characterize clinicians' practices regarding the decision to share (open weighing) or withhold (blind weighing) weight information with patients, a topic that has received limited prior attention.MethodClinicians (N = 114; 85% female) who regularly treat individuals with an eating disorder completed an online survey to identify factors that might impact their decision to practice blind or open weighing.ResultsApproximately half of the clinicians reported generally using open weighing procedures (n = 53; 46.49%). Endorsement of cognitive‐behavioral or family‐based therapeutic orientation was not significantly associated with open weighing. However, clinicians who endorsed therapeutic modalities that do not specifically encourage open weighing were significantly more likely to engage in blind weighing. Clinicians working with clients with anorexia nervosa were significantly more likely to practice blind weighing, compared to clients with other eating disorder diagnoses, and cognitive or emotional impairment from malnutrition emerged as the strongest predictor of clinicians' decisions to practice blind weighing, controlling for all other variables.DiscussionDevelopment of specific training modules may be useful for improving adherence to empirically supported protocols that recommend open weighing. More importantly, however, our results highlight the need for future treatment studies to identify whether blind or open weighing is beneficial for improving patient outcomes. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:905–911)
Synthesis, Characterisation and Modelling of a Ferromagnetically Coupled Chromium(III) Dimer: Di‐μ‐hydroxobis[tetrakis(isothiocyanato)chromate(III)]
Authors: Morsing Thorbjørn J. , Weihe Høgni , Bendix Jesper 
Published: December 2014

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Jesper Bendix from the University of Copenhagen, Denmark. The cover image shows the title molecule hovering over a sea with three racing boats: the first boat represents the EPR experiment, pursued by the competing second and third boats representing DFT and ligand field theory, respectively.
Enzymatic Sulfation of Phenolic Hydroxy Groups of Various Plant Metabolites by an Arylsulfotransferase
Authors: van der Horst Michael A. , Hartog Aloysius F. , El Morabet Rabab , Marais Arthur , Kircz Menzo , Wever Ron 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe bacterial arylsulfate sulfotransferase (AST) from Desulfitobacterium hafniense was used as a catalytic tool to derivatize poorly soluble aromatic compounds (polyphenols). As examples, we sulfated the natural occurring compounds p‐coumaric acid, 6‐hydroxyflavone, resveratrol, phloretin, and quercetin, using p‐nitrophenylsulfate as the sulfate donor. The water‐soluble sulfate esters were purified and characterized. Depending on the nature of the compound, one or more sulfate groups could be introduced in a stepwise order. The sulfation of resveratrol resulted in two different monosulfates (4′‐ and 3‐sulfates), the 3,4′‐disulfate, and the 3,5,4′‐trisulfate. Sulfation of phloretin resulted in a monosulfate (4′‐sulfate) and a disulfate (4,4′‐disulfate). Although quercetin has five hydroxy groups that could be sulfated, surprisingly this enzyme system primarily catalyses the sulfation only at the 4′ position. This simple enzymatic one‐step sulfation method is easy to use, and it allows a convenient and simple production of sulfated compounds with improved solubility.
Loneliness in the elderly is associated with the use of psychotropic drugs
Authors: Boehlen Friederike , Herzog Wolfgang , Quinzler Renate , Haefeli Walter E. , Maatouk Imad , Niehoff Dorothea , Saum Kai‐Uwe , Brenner Hermann , Wild Beate 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between loneliness in elderly people with the use of psychotropic drugs.MethodsA subsample of 3111 participants (ages 55–85) of the large population‐based German ESTHER study was included in the study. Loneliness was measured by using a three‐item questionnaire. Two subgroups were defined according to their degrees of loneliness. Psychotropic drugs were categorized by study doctors. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the association between loneliness subgroups and the use of psychotropic drugs adjusted for psychosocial variables, multimorbidity, depression, anxiety, and somatic symptom severity.ResultsOf the participants 14.1% (95%‐CI = [12.9; 15.4]) were estimated to have a high degree of loneliness (women > men); 19% (95%‐CI = [17.6; 20.4]) of the participants used psychotropic drugs, 8.4% (95%‐CI = [7.5; 9.5]) antidepressants. Logistic regression analysis showed that more lonely participants had significantly higher odds for using psychotropic drugs (OR: 1.495; 95%‐CI = [1.121; 1.993]). Depression severity, somatic symptom severity, and female gender were also positively associated with the use of psychotropic drugs.ConclusionA high degree of subjective loneliness in the elderly is associated with the use of psychotropic drugs, even after adjustment for somatic and psychological comorbidities and psychosocial variables. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of the Boron Moiety and Water on Suzuki–Miyaura Catalyst‐Transfer Condensation Polymerization
Authors: Kosaka Kentaro , Ohta Yoshihiro , Yokozawa Tsutomu 
Published: December 2014

Although water promotes Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction, it also induces side reactions such as deboronation and dehalogenation. Therefore, Suzuki–Miyaura polymerization of triolborate halothiophene monomer 1 with tBu3PPd(o‐tolyl)Br (2) in dry tetrahydrofuran (THF) is investigated. However, the resultant poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) shows a broad molecular weight distribution and uncontrolled polymer ends. Model reactions of a number of boron reagents 3 with 2,5‐dibromothiophene (4) in the presence or absence of water indicate that intramolecular transfer of the catalyst is hardly affected by the boron moiety of 3, whereas it is hindered in the absence of water. Indeed, polymerization of 1 with 2 in H2O/THF affords P3HT with a narrower molecular weight distribution and controlled tolyl/H ends, as compared to the reaction in dry THF.
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Calcium Fluoride and Barium Fluoride Crystals in Optics
Authors: Hahn Daniel 
Published: December 2014

AbstractCalcium fluoride has a long tradition as an optical material in microlithography for semiconductor production. Based on the limited choice of optical materials transmitting well in the deep UV wavelength range, calcium fluoride could establish as an industry standard material for excimer laser optics in projection and illumination optical designs for the microlithography process. But beyond the UV, calcium fluoride and barium fluoride crystals also exhibit an excellent broadband transmittance and feature unique optical properties. These open up a variety of advanced applications covering the full visible range up to the mid‐infrared wavelength range.
Diamond — A Laser Engineer's Best Friend
Authors: Bennett Andrew 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDiamond is a material made famous by its rarity, beauty and hardness. Historically, this led to its use almost exclusively in jewellery, yet over the last two decades an increasing number of industrial applications have been developed utilising specifically engineered, volume produced, synthetic diamond. Due to its range of extreme properties it has offered access to applications that were previously not viable. This has been particularly true in the optical applications of microwave powered chemical vapour deposition (MW‐CVD) diamond, where, in the last few years, diamond parts have been shown to offer significant improvements over incumbent material solutions.
Painful Intercourse Is Significantly Associated with Evoked Pain Perception and Cognitive Aspects of Pain in Women with Pelvic Pain
Authors: Alappattu Meryl J. , George Steven Z. , Robinson Michael E. , Fillingim Roger B. , Moawad Nashat , LeBrun Emily Weber , Bishop Mark D. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Evidence suggests that painful intercourse, pain-related psychosocial factors, and altered pain processing magnify the pain experience, but it is not clear how these factors are related to each other.

Aim
The aims were to (i) characterize differences between women with pelvic pain and pain-free women using a battery of pain-related psychosocial measures, clinical pain ratings, and evoked local and remote pain sensitivity; and (ii) examine the relationship between intercourse pain, clinical pain, and local and remote evoked pain sensitivity.

Methods
Women with pelvic pain lasting at least 3 months and pain-free women completed questionnaires and underwent pain sensitivity testing. Self-report measures included clinical pain intensity, pain catastrophizing, pain-related fear, pain anxiety, depression, sexual function, and self-efficacy. Pain sensitivity measures included threshold and tolerance and temporal summation of pain. Separate analyses of variance (anova) were used to test group differences in self-report and pain sensitivity measures. Correlations were calculated among dyspareunia, psychosocial factors, and evoked pain.

Main Outcome Measures
Self-reported pain and pain sensitivity measures.

Results
Twenty-eight pain-free women and 14 women with pelvic pain participated in this study. Women with pelvic pain reported greater pain intensity and greater psychosocial involvement compared with pain-free women. No differences existed between groups for thermal or pressure measures, but women with pelvic pain rated their pain with pain testing significantly higher than pain-free women. Intercourse pain was significantly associated with affective and sensory pain and pressure pain ratings at the puborectalis, vulvar vestibule, adductor longus tendons, and tibialis anterior muscle.

Conclusions
Differences in local pain ratings suggest that women with pelvic pain perceive stimuli in this region as more painful than pain-free women although the magnitude of stimuli does not differ.
Space‐Based Infrared Sensor Scheduling with High Uncertainty: Issues and Challenges
Authors: Luo Kaiping 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTThe space‐based infrared system (SBIRS) is the most advanced missile‐defense system. However, available infrared sensors in the system are scarce, and their tracking abilities are still very limited. To improve the integrated power, SBIRS needs an approach to scheduling online infrared staring sensors. This paper focuses on the new problem and its characteristics. Compared with other similar problems, the proposed problem has scarce resources, sudden missions, an uncertain environment and complex constraints, so it shows many unique characteristics, such as strong real‐time, high uncertainty and extreme complexity. This causes that the routine formulation of other similar problems may be unsuitable for the new problem. Hence, we have to face many challenges in modeling, solving and simulating for the proposed problem. Finally, the idea of our solution is presented. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of our solution.
Erweiterung der Anwendungsbereiche für Flüssigkeitsringpumpen
Authors: Schreiber Christoph , Kopf Markus 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDie Technologie der Flüssigkeitsringpumpe hat sich durch technische Weiterentwicklung und Optimierung auf spezielle Anwendungen einen festen Platz in der Technik gesichert. Dank der neuen Kreislaufaggregate sind jetzt Plug & Play Lösungen möglich. In der Kombination mit dem kompakten Hochleistungsgebläse G‐BH8 führt das bei erweitertem Leitungsbereich zu deutlichen Energieeinsparungen.
Aufgedampfte SiOx Barriereschichten unter monoaxialem Stress
Authors: Dribinskiy Stanislav , Flüß Daniel 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDie Anwendung von transparenten anorganischen Schichten wie SiOx scheint durch eine limitierte Flexibilität und einen geringen Bruchwiderstand begrenzt zu sein. Um den Einfluss von monoaxialem mechanischem Stress auf eine mit SiOx beschichtete PET‐Folie zu untersuchen, ist ein Messverfahren am Fraunhofer IVV entwickelt worden. Mit Hilfe dieses Messsystems lässt sich die Sauerstoff‐ und Wasserdampfdurchlässigkeit an Kunststofffolien im relaxierten Zustand nach der Dehnung und im gedehnten Zustand messen. Messungen zeigen, dass die kritische Dehnung zwischen 1 und 2 % für Folien im gedehnten Zustand und bei 4 % für relaxierte Folien liegt.