bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Removal of Pb(II), Paracetamol and Rhodamine B from Aqueous Solutions Using Engineered Low‐Cost Tea Waste‐Based Magnetic Nanocomposite
Authors: Chekalil Nadia , Saidi‐Besbes Salima , Elaissari Abdelhamid 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe development of engineered biomass‐based adsorbents capable of efficiently removing pollutants from aqueous solutions has received tremendous attention due to their cost‐effectiveness and renewal potential. Herein, we report a one‐pot synthesis of a low‐cost magnetic composite (Fe3O4‐tea) derived from waste tea and iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles and its application as nanosorbent for the removal of Pb2+, rhodamine B and paracetamol as model pollutants from aqueous solutions. The FTIR, XRD, TGA, BET, TEM and zeta potential studies confirmed the successful synthesis of Fe3O4‐tea with an organic content of 54.55 wt.% and a surface area of 25.32 m2 g−1. The high saturation magnetization (Ms) of the composite estimated to 45.47 emu g−1 allows for its effortless separation and recovery from wastewater solutions using a simple bar magnet. Various theoretical models were considered to study and discuss adsorption isotherms and kinetics. The equilibrium kinetics were found to follow a second‐order model, regardless of the system investigated. Maximum monolayer adsorption capacities of 113.63, 92.59 and 60.24 mg g−1 were obtained for Rhodamine B, Pb2+ and paracetamol, respectively. These values are greater than the adsorption capabilities of several conventional and magnetic sorbents reported in the literature, including activated carbon. The adsorption process mechanism was also discussed based on pH studies. The results suggest that the Fe3O4‐tea adsorbent shows a great potential for effectively removing heavy metal ions and organic pollutants with a rapid uptake rate and easy magnetic separation.
Desalination Performance Evaluation of hBN@UiO‐66 MOF Incorporated Hollow Fiber Membrane using Membrane Distillation
Authors: Gajipara Disha H. , Kalla Sarita , Murthy Z. V. P. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the present study, the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) modified hollow fiber (HF) membranes have been synthesized by dry‐jet wet phase inversion technique for desalination via direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD). UiO‐66 metal‐Organic framework (MOF) and surface‐modified UiO‐66 with h‐BN nanomaterial have been incorporated with PVDF‐HF membrane. The various analytical methods like FE‐SEM, FTIR, PXRD, TGA, tensile strength, were used to characterize prepared MOF and HF membranes. It was observed from DCMD results that the h‐BN@UiO‐66/PVDF (M3) HF membrane gives higher flux than UiO‐66/PVDF (M2) and pure PVDF (M1) membrane. In the present investigation, response surface methodology (RSM) by box‐behnken design (BBD) was used to optimize the DCMD system and evaluate the behavior of operating parameters such as feed temperature, feed concentration, and feed flow rate. The optimum operating values of feed temperature, feed flow rate, and feed concentration were found as 65 °C, 1 LPM, and 1.5 wt.%, respectively. Under optimum conditions, the M3 HF membrane gives the highest flux of 26.78 L/m2 ⋅ h compared to M2 and M1 membranes. During DCMD, salt rejection is almost greater than 99.8 % for all prepared membranes. Other salts like potassium chloride (KCl), Magnisium Sulphate (MgSO4), and calcium sulphate (CaSO4) are also used to check salt rejection of all membranes at optimum operating conditions. Moreover, the M3 membrane exhibits stable permeate flux and high salt rejection (>99.9 %) at optimized process parameters over 80 h running. Overall, the present study provides the positive effects of h‐BN nanoparticles and UiO‐66 MOF on HF membrane to improve performance in DCMD.
Novel Technique for Ultra‐Trace Determination of Lead in Seawater Samples Using Gold Coated Tungsten Coil Atom Trap Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Authors: Atasoy Muhammet 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA novel and simple trap technique combining a gold‐coated tungsten coil with hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HGAAS) were developed for ultra‐trace lead determination. The technique was based on first transporting the plumbane produced by the HG system, together with H2, to a trap externally heated to 92 °C, where it was collected for in‐situ preconcentration and then volatilized by raising the trap temperature to 510 °C. For a 120 s trapping time, the limit of detection (LOD) was 2.9 ng L−1, the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 9.7 ng L−1 and the relative standard deviation was 3.1 % (at 0.02 μg L−1). The analytical performance of the technique was contrasted against the classical HGAAS method and a 39.2‐fold increase in sensitivity was obtained when comparing the characteristic concentrations of both methodologies. The morphology of the trap surface was also studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The accuracy of the proposed method was verified by analyzing the Pb concentration in the certified reference materials and the results agreed well with the certified values. Finally, the developed procedure was successfully applied to seawater samples and the recoveries of standard addition were between 102.4 % and 105.2 %.
Self‐Regulated Assembly and Disassembly of Gold Nanoparticles for Low‐Temperature Time Indication
Authors: He Yi , Liu Mingqin , Wang Yuan , Liu Yiding 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe color‐changing self‐assembly and autonomous disassembly of colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is reported by simply mixing negatively charged phosphine ligand‐capped AuNPs with partially oxidized polyethylene glycol (PEG). The assembly of AuNPs is initiated by PEG adsorption, which disrupts the hydration layer of AuNPs, leading to depletion attraction and reduction of hydration repulsion among the AuNPs. The oxidative species in PEG subsequently oxidize and remove the charged ligands from the AuNP surface, resulting in a decrease and reversal of the negative surface charge. This causes the PEG to adsorb on AuNPs in a tighter and more direct manner, providing strong steric shielding to the AuNPs, thereby triggering the disassembly of the AuNP assemblies. The self‐regulated assembly–disassembly process can be tuned widely by controlling chemical conditions of PEG, nanoparticle concentration, and the environmental conditions, suggesting potential applications as colorimetric time‐temperature indicators for food and medicine storage conditions. As a proof of concept, it is demonstrated that the lifetime of the color‐changing assembly–disassembly process can be extended from tens of minutes to weeks when subjected to a refrigerated environment, with tunability achievable through varying polymer conditions and storage atmospheres.
Quantitative Analysis of Chondroitin Sulfate and Dermatan Sulfate Using Capillary Electrophoresis With Gaussian Distribution‐Based Peak Fitting for Improved Peak Resolution
Authors: Zhou Guanglian , Xu Qianru , Liu Xiumei , Wang Kang 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTIn this work, capillary electrophoresis with Gaussian distribution‐based peak fitting for improved peak resolution for simultaneous quantitative analysis of chondroitin sulfate (CS) and dermatan sulfate (DS) was developed for the first time. The effects of different pH, voltage, and peak shapes on the peak fitting were investigated. The results indicate that separation conditions that affect peak shape have a significant impact on peak fitting. Under optimized separation conditions, the peak fitting achieves high accuracy and precision, the relative standard deviation (n = 5) of peak area and migration time of CS and DS were 1.1%, 1.8% and 0.94%, 0.84%, respectively. Furthermore, the results obtained by peak fitting were close to real values. The developed method was used to analyze the purity of CS. The results had a high consistency with the labeled value; furthermore, the peak fitting could point out the number of possible impurities. The developed method has good potential for the analysis of other glycosaminoglycans with peak overlap.
Calsyntenin‐1 expression and function in brain tissue of lithium–pilocarpine rat seizure models
Authors: Zhou Fu , Hu Rong , Wang Yuzhu , Wu Xiaohui , Chen Xuan , Xi Zhiqin , Zeng Kebin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTo present the expression of calsyntenin‐1 (Clstn1) in the brain and investigate the potential mechanism of Clstn1 in lithium–pilocarpine rat seizure models. Thirty‐five male SD adult rats were induced to have seizures by intraperitoneal injection of lithium chloride pilocarpine. Rats exhibiting spontaneous seizures were divided into the epilepsy (EP) group (n = 15), whereas those without seizures were divided into the control group (n = 14). Evaluate the expression of Clstn1 in the temporal lobe of two groups using Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. Additionally, 55 male SD rats were subjected to status epilepticus (SE) using the same induction method. Rats experiencing seizures exceeding Racine's level 4 (n = 48) were randomly divided into three groups: SE, SE + control lentivirus (lentiviral vector expressing green fluorescent protein [LV‐GFP]), and SE + Clstn1‐targeted RNA interference lentivirus (LV‐Clstn1‐RNAi). The LV‐GFP group served as a control for the lentiviral vector, whereas the LV‐Clstn1‐RNAi group received a lentivirus designed to silence Clstn1 expression. These lentiviral treatments were administered via hippocampal stereotactic injection 2 days after SE induction. Seven days after SE, Western blot analysis was performed to evaluate the expression of Clstn1 in the hippocampus and temporal lobe. Meanwhile, we observed the latency of spontaneous seizures and the frequency of spontaneous seizures within 8 weeks among the three groups. The expression of Clstn1 in the cortex and hippocampus of the EP group was significantly increased compared to the control group (p < .05). Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence showed that Clstn1 was widely distributed in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of rats, and colocalization analysis revealed that it was mainly co expressed with neurons in the cytoplasm. Compared with the SE group (11.80 ± 2.17 days) and the SE + GFP group (12.40 ± 1.67 days), there was a statistically significant difference (p < .05) in the latency period of spontaneous seizures (15.14 ± 2.41 days) in the SE + Clstn1 + RNAi group rats. Compared with the SE group (4.60 ± 1.67 times) and the SE + GFP group (4.80 ± 2.05 times), the SE + Clstn1 + RNAi group (2.0 ± .89 times) showed a significant reduction in the frequency of spontaneous seizures within 2 weeks of chronic phase in rats (p < .05). Elevated Clstn1 expression in EP group suggests its role in EP onset. Targeting Clstn1 may be a potential therapeutic approach for EP management.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Glycosides via Tsuji–Trost Type Glycosylation Using 3,4‐Carbonate Galactals
Authors: Kim Ye Lim , Kim Ju Hyun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPd‐catalyzed stereoselective glycosylations using unsaturated sugar derivatives, glycals, have been successfully achieved in recent years. This review focuses on approaches to control the stereoselectivities of glycosides via π‐allyl intermediates that mimic the Tsuji–Trost asymmetric allylic alkylation reactions, enabling stereoselectivity control through rational design. In the reaction process, zwitterionic Pd‐π‐allyl complexes, formed after the oxidative addition and decarboxylation, play a crucial role in increasing reactivities and enhancing the stereoselectivities of α‐ and β‐glycosides. We summarized recently developed Tsuji–Trost type glycosylations using 3,4‐carbonate galactals, featuring high efficiency, exclusive stereoselectivities, and a broad reaction scope including O‐, N‐, S‐, and C‐glycosylations.
Universal First-Order Massey Product of a Prefactorization Algebra
Authors: Bruinsma Simen , Schenkel Alexander , Vicedo Benoît 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper studies the universal first-order Massey product of a prefactorization algebra, which encodes higher algebraic operations on the cohomology. Explicit computations of these structures are carried out in the locally constant case, with applications to factorization envelopes on $$\mathbb {R}^m$$

R

m

and a compactification of linear Chern–Simons theory on $$\mathbb {R}^2\times \mathbb {S}^1$$

R

2

×

S

1

.
Cardiac Biomarkers are Associated with Incident Fracture Risk in Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Aaltonen Louise , Hellman Tapio , Lankinen Roosa , Hakamäki Markus , Metsärinne Kaj , Järvisalo Mikko 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCardiovascular disease is associated with increased fracture risk in the general population. Few data exist on the association between cardiovascular health and incident fracture risk in patients with advanced CKD, a high-risk population for fractures. We aimed to assess the link between fracture risk and cardiovascular health in a prospective cohort of 210 patients with CKD stage G4–5. Incident fractures were recorded during a prospective follow-up of 5 years. Laboratory parameters, abdominal aortic calcification score, echocardiography, ultrasound assessment of brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation and carotid intima-media thickness, and maximal stress ergometry were obtained at baseline. A total of 51 fractures were observed in 40 (19%) patients during follow-up. In separate multivariable Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, gender, and baseline eGFR, TnT (HR 1.007, CI 95% 1.003–1.010, p < 0.001) and ProBNP (HR 1.000, CI 95% 1.000–1.000, p = 0.017) were associated with incident fractures and the association persisted after adjusting for coronary artery disease (CAD). The patients unable to perform the ergometry test had a higher risk of incident fractures compared to others (36.1% vs 15.5%, p = 0.009). A cardiovascular composite risk score summarizing TnT, ProBNP, and ergometry data was independently associated with incident fractures in a multivariable Cox model (HR 1.373, CI 95% 1.180–1.599, p < 0.001). Patients with the lowest score were observed with no fractures, while patients with the highest score were observed with a fracture risk of 40.5% during follow-up. Risk of incident fractures is associated with biomarkers of cardiovascular health and a composite cardiovascular risk score in patients with advanced CKD.
Time for dam rebuilding by the Eurasian beaver
Authors: Wróbel Michał , Krysztofiak-Kaniewska Anna 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe European beaver, the largest rodent in Europe, has enormous skills in transforming and adapting its habitat. It chooses a place for its habitat that provides it with food and a high degree of security. He builds dams to regulate water levels. It is assumed that beaver dams can survive for several dozen years, depending on the continuity of use. When a damaged dam is reused, beavers are able to quickly restore the structure to a suitable condition. By monitoring one of the dams for several years, we managed to record this interesting process. In this case, it was determined that the time needed to rebuild the dam and restore the water level was approximately 8 h. This, of course, depends on local conditions, but the data obtained allows for a better understanding of this process.
Enhanced solid solubility in hcp Co(Mo) nanoparticles formed via inert gas condensation
Authors: Dhapola S. , Shield J. E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCo–Mo alloy clusters with extended solubility of Mo in hcp Co were produced by inert gas condensation (IGC). While the equilibrium solubility of Mo in hexagonal close-packed (hcp) Co is on the order of 1 atomic percent, the non-equilibrium aspects of IGC resulted in ~ 18 atomic percent Mo dissolved in hcp Co. The extended solid solutions and hcp structure were observed across all of the processing conditions, which included variation of sputtering power and aperture size. There was, however, variation of nanoparticle size and magnetic behavior with processing parameters. The Co(Mo) nanoparticles were ferromagnetic at room temperature. Coercivities of the nanoparticles produced with a 2.5-mm aperture were independent of sputtering power and significantly higher than those of the nanoparticles produced with a 7-mm aperture. The coercivities of the nanoparticles produced with a 7-mm aperture were slightly power-dependent. Overall, there appeared to be a relationship between coercivity and nanoparticle size.
SGformer: Boosting transformers for indoor lighting estimation from a single image
Authors: Zhao Junhong , Xue Bing , Zhang Mengjie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEstimating lighting from standard images can effectively circumvent the need for resource-intensive high-dynamic-range (HDR) lighting acquisition. However, this task is often ill-posed and challenging, particularly for indoor scenes, due to the intricacy and ambiguity inherent in various indoor illumination sources. We propose an innovative transformer-based method called SGformer for lighting estimation through modeling spherical Gaussian (SG) distributions—a compact yet expressive lighting representation. Diverging from previous approaches, we explore underlying local and global dependencies in lighting features, which are crucial for reliable lighting estimation. Additionally, we investigate the structural relationships spanning various resolutions of SG distributions, ranging from sparse to dense, aiming to enhance structural consistency and curtail potential stochastic noise stemming from independent SG component regressions. By harnessing the synergy of local-global lighting representation learning and incorporating consistency constraints from various SG resolutions, the proposed method yields more accurate lighting estimates, allowing for more realistic lighting effects in object relighting and composition. Our code and model implementing our work can be found at https://github.com/junhong-jennifer-zhao/SGformer.
Aspects of EMHD boundary layer flows for alumina-water nanofluidic mixtures in a porous medium
Authors: Wakif Abderrahim , Zaydan Mostafa , Sehaqui Rachid 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe physical scenario of the present nanofluid flow problem is based theoretically on Wakif’s-Buongiorno and Darcy’s-Forchheimer models to examine the prominent aspects of a convectively heated nanofluid during its two-dimensional EMHD boundary layer flow in the laminar and steady states over a horizontal electromagnetic plate. The biphasic structure of the employed monotype nanofluid is constituted by alumina nanoparticles and pure water. The governing equations are converted into a numerically solvable ODEs system. The generated outputs are plotted graphically in terms of the velocity, temperature, and nanoparticles' concentration profiles. For higher nanoparticles’ volume fractions, the nanofluid velocity profile shows an increasing dynamical behavior. Dynamically, Forchheimer's number results in the velocity decline due to the porosity of the nanofluidic medium. However, the other influencing parameters reveal an enhancing thermal impact. Besides, the skin friction factor shows a significant alteration for the nanoparticles’ volume fraction and the porosity effect. From a practical point of view, the present nanofluid findings are crucial in many engineering applications.
Structure and Variability of Iceland Scotland Overflow Water Transport in the Western Iceland Basin
Authors: Devana M. , Johns W. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Iceland Scotland Overflow Water (ISOW) plume supplies approximately a third of the production of North Atlantic Deep Water and is a key component of the meridional overturning circulation (MOC). The Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP) mooring array in the Iceland Basin has provided high‐resolution observations of ISOW from 2014 to 2020. The ISOW plume forms a deep western boundary current along the eastern flank of Reykjanes Ridge, and its total transport varies by greater than a factor of two on intra‐seasonal timescales. EOF analysis of moored current meter records reveal two dominant modes of velocity variance. The first mode explains roughly 20% of the variance and shows a bottom intensified structure concentrated in the rift valley that runs parallel to the ridge axis. The transport anomaly reconstructed from the first mode explains nearly 80% of the total ISOW plume transport variance. The second mode accounts for 15% of velocity variance, but only 5% of the transport variance. The geostrophically estimated transport (2.9 Sv) recovers only 70% of the total ISOW transport along the ridge flank estimated from the direct current meter observations (4.2 Sv), implying a significant ageostrophic component of ISOW mean transport and variability. Ageostrophic flow is strongly linked to the leading mode of velocity variability within the rift valley. The ISOW transport variability along the upper and middle part of the ridge is further shown to correlate with changes in the strength of deep MOC limb across the basin‐wide OSNAP array.
Pan‐Antarctic Assessment of Ice Shelf Flexural Responses to Ocean Waves
Authors: Liang Jie , Pitt Jordan P. A. , Bennetts Luke G. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the drivers of iceberg calving from Antarctic ice shelves is important for future sea level rise projections. Ocean waves promote calving by imposing stresses and strains on the shelves. Previous modeling studies of ice shelf responses to ocean waves have focused on highly idealized geometries with uniform ice thickness and a flat seabed. This study leverages on a recently developed mathematical model that incorporates spatially varying geometries, combined with measured ice shelf thickness and seabed profiles, to conduct a statistical assessment of how 15 Antarctic ice shelves respond to ocean waves over a broad range of relevant wave periods, from swell to infragravity waves to very long period waves. The results show the most extreme responses at a given wave period are generated by features in the ice shelves and/or seabed geometries, depending on the wave regime. Relationships are determined between the median ice shelf response and the median shelf front thickness or the median water cavity depth. The findings provide further evidence of the role of ocean waves in large‐scale calving events for certain ice shelves (particularly the Wilkins) and indicate a possible role of ocean waves in calving events for other shelves (Larsen C and Conger). Further, the relationships determined provide a method to assess the potential for increased calving as ice shelves evolve with climate change, and, hence, contribute to assessments of future sea level rise.
Separate the Role of Southern and Northern Extra‐Tropical Pacific in Tropical Pacific Climate Variability
Authors: Zhao Yingying , Sun Daoxun , Di Lorenzo Emanuele , Liu Guangpeng , Wu Sheng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObservational and modeling studies have elucidated the influential role played by the southern and northern extratropical Pacific (SEP and NEP) forcing in shaping dynamics of tropical Pacific climate variability. However, the relative importance of the NEP and SEP and the timescale on which they impact the tropics remain unclear. Using a linear inverse model (LIM) that selectively incorporates or excludes tropical‐extratropical coupling, we find a reduction in tropical interannual variability (∼40%) and low‐frequency (sub‐decadal to decadal) variability in the southeastern tropical Pacific region (∼70%) in the absence of SEP. Conversely, the absence of NEP yields no significant impact on tropical interannual variability but markedly diminishes low‐frequency variability in the central tropical Pacific region (∼70%). LIM and statistic diagnostics on CMIP6 models show the low‐frequency to total variability ratio in the tropical Pacific depending on their NEP and SEP representation. Models with more (less) low‐frequency power tend to show stronger NEP (SEP) dynamics.