bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circulating serum xenoestrogens and mammographic breast density
Authors: Sprague Brian L , Trentham-Dietz Amy , Hedman Curtis J , Wang Jue , Hemming Jocelyn DC , Hampton John M , Buist Diana SM , Aiello Bowles Erin J , Sisney Gale S , Burnside Elizabeth S 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Humans are widely exposed to estrogenically active phthalates, parabens, and phenols, raising concerns about potential effects on breast tissue and breast cancer risk. We sought to determine the association of circulating serum levels of these chemicals (reflecting recent exposure) with mammographic breast density (a marker of breast cancer risk).

Methods
We recruited postmenopausal women aged 55 to 70 years from mammography clinics in Madison, Wisconsin (N = 264). Subjects completed a questionnaire and provided a blood sample that was analyzed for mono-ethyl phthalate, mono-butyl phthalate, mono-benzyl phthalate, butyl paraben, propyl paraben, octylphenol, nonylphenol, and bisphenol A (BPA). Percentage breast density was measured from mammograms by using a computer-assisted thresholding method.

Results
Serum BPA was positively associated with mammographic breast density after adjusting for age, body mass index, and other potentially confounding factors. Mean percentage density was 12.6% (95% confidence interval (CI), 11.4 to 14.0) among the 193 women with nondetectable BPA levels, 13.7% (95% CI, 10.7 to 17.1) among the 35 women with detectable levels below the median (<0.55 ng/ml), and 17.6% (95% CI, 14.1 to 21.5) among the 34 women with detectable levels above the median (>0.55 ng/ml; Ptrend = 0.01). Percentage breast density was also elevated (18.2%; 95% CI, 13.4 to 23.7) among the 18 women with serum mono-ethyl phthalate above the median detected level (>3.77 ng/ml) compared with women with nondetectable BPA levels (13.1%; 95% CI, 11.9 to 14.3; Ptrend = 0.07). No other chemicals demonstrated associations with percentage breast density.

Conclusions
Postmenopausal women with high serum levels of BPA and mono-ethyl phthalate had elevated breast density. Further investigation of the impact of BPA and mono-ethyl phthalate on breast cancer risk by using repeated serum measurements or other markers of xenoestrogen exposure are needed.
Is early ventricular dysfunction or dilatation associated with lower mortality rate in adult severe sepsis and septic shock? A meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Stephen J , Nalos Marek , McLean Anthony S 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Reversible myocardial depression occurs early in severe sepsis and septic shock. The question of whether or not early ventricular depression or dilatation is associated with lower mortality in these patients remains controversial. Most studies on this topic were small in size and hence lacked statistical power to answer the question. This meta-analysis attempted to answer the question by increasing the sample size via pooling relevant studies together.

Methods
PubMed, Embase (and Medline) databases and conference abstracts were searched to July 2012 for primary studies using well-defined criteria. Two authors independently screened and selected studies. Eligible studies were appraised using defined criteria. Additional information was sought the corresponding authors if necessary. Study results were pooled using random effects models. Standardized mean differences (SMD) between survivor and non-survivor groups were used as the main effect measures.

Results
A total of 62 citations were found. Fourteen studies were included in the analysis. The most apparent differences between the studies were sample sizes and exclusion criteria. All studies, except four pre-1992 studies, adopted the Consensus definition of sepsis. Altogether, there were >700 patients available for analysis of the left ventricle and >400 for the right ventricle. There were no significant differences in left ventricular ejection fractions, right ventricular ejection fractions, and right ventricular dimensions between the survivor and non-survivor groups. When indexed against body surface area or body height, the survivors and non-survivors had similar left ventricular dimensions. However, the survivors had larger non-indexed left ventricular dimensions.

Conclusion
This meta-analysis failed to find any evidence to support the view that the survivors from severe sepsis or septic shock had lower ejection fractions. However, non-indexed left ventricular dimensions were mildly increased in the survivor group but the indexed dimensions were similar between the groups. Both survivors and non-survivors had similar right ventricular dimensions.
Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody attenuates inflammation and decreases mortality in an experimental model of severe sepsis
Authors: Jeong Su Jin , Han Sang Hoon , Kim Chang Oh , Choi Jun Yong , Kim June Myung 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Severe sepsis is associated with an unacceptably high rate of mortality. Recent studies revealed elevated levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potent angiogenic and vascular permeability factor, in patients with sepsis. There was also an association between VEGF levels and sepsis severity. Here we investigate the effects of an anti-VEGF antibody (Bevacizumab, Bev) in an experimental model of sepsis.

Methods
Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), murine cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), and endotoxemia models of sepsis were used. HUVECs were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and/or Bev, harvested and cytokine mRNA levels determined using a semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay. The levels of inflammatory cytokine were also determined in HUVECs supernatants. In addition, the effects of Bev on mortality in the CLP and endotoxemia models of sepsis were evaluated.

Results
Treatment with Bev and LPS significantly decreased the expression and the level of inflammatory cytokines in HUVECs relative to LPS alone. In CLP and endotoxemia models, survival benefits were evident in mice given 0.1 mg/kg of Bev relative to the CLP or LPS alone (P <0.001 and P = 0.028, respectively), and in 6 h post-treated mice relative to the CLP alone for the effect of different time of Bev (P = 0.033). In addition, Bev treatment inhibited LPS-induced vascular leak in the lung, spleen and kidney in the murine endotoxemia model (P <0.05).

Conclusions
Anti-VEGF antibody may be a promising therapeutic agent due to its beneficial effects on the survival of sepsis by decreasing inflammatory responses and endothelial permeability.
Invasive mechanical ventilation as a risk factor for acute kidney injury in the critically ill: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: van den Akker Johannes PC , Egal Mahamud , Groeneveld AB Johan 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Mechanical ventilation (MV) is commonly regarded as a risk factor for acute kidney injury (AKI) in the critically ill. We investigated the strength of this association and whether settings of tidal volume (Vt) and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) affect the risk for AKI.

Methods
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis using studies found by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, and references in relevant reviews and articles. We included studies reporting on a relation between the use of invasive MV and subsequent onset of AKI, or comparing higher with lower Vt or PEEP and subsequent onset of AKI. All studies clearly stating that MV was initiated after onset of AKI were excluded. We extracted the proportion with and without MV and AKI. We included 31 studies on invasive MV.

Results
The pooled odds ratio (OR) for the overall effect of MV on AKI was 3.16 (95% CI 2.32 to 4.28, P <0.001). Nearly all subgroups showed that MV increases the risk for AKI. The pooled OR for studies with a multivariate analysis including MV as a risk factor for AKI was 3.58 (95% CI 1.85 to 6.92; P <0.001). Different settings of Vt and PEEP showed no effect.

Conclusions
Invasive MV is associated with a threefold increase in the odds of developing AKI and various Vt or PEEP settings do not modify this risk. The latter argues in favour of a haemodynamic origin of AKI during MV.
Susceptibility to ventilator induced lung injury is increased in senescent rats
Authors: Setzer Florian , Oschatz Karsten , Hueter Lars , Schmidt Barbara , Schwarzkopf Konrad , Schreiber Torsten 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Introduction
The principal mechanisms of ventilator induced lung injury (VILI) have been investigated in numerous animal studies. However, prospective data on the effect of old age on VILI are limited. Under the hypothesis that susceptibility to VILI is increased in old age, we investigated the pulmonary and extrapulmonary effects of mechanical ventilation with high tidal volume (VT) in old compared to young adult animals.

Interventions
Old (19.1 ± 3.0 months) and young adult (4.4 ± 1.3 months) male Wistar rats were anesthetized and mechanically ventilated (positive end-expiratory pressure 5 cmH2O, fraction of inspired oxygen 0.4, respiratory rate 40/minute) with a tidal volume (VT) of either 8, 16 or 24 ml/kg for four hours.
Respiratory and hemodynamic variables, including cardiac output, and markers of systemic inflammation were recorded throughout the ventilation period. Lung histology and wet-to-dry weight ratio, injury markers in lung lavage and respiratory system pressure-volume curves were assessed post mortem. Basic pulmonary characteristics were assessed in non-ventilated animals.

Results
Compared to young adult animals, high VT (24 ml/kg body weight) caused more lung injury in old animals as indicated by decreased oxygenation (arterial oxygen tension (PaO2): 208 ± 3 vs. 131 ± 20 mmHg; P <0.05), increased lung wet-to-dry-weight ratio (5.61 ± 0.29 vs. 7.52 ± 0.27; P <0.05), lung lavage protein (206 ± 52 mg/l vs. 1,432 ± 101; P <0.05) and cytokine (IL-6: 856 ± 448 vs. 3,283 ± 943 pg/ml; P <0.05) concentration. In addition, old animals ventilated with high VT had more systemic inflammation than young animals (IL-1β: 149 ± 44 vs. 272 ± 36 pg/ml; P <0.05 - young vs. old, respectively).

Conclusions
Ventilation with unphysiologically large tidal volumes is associated with more lung injury in old compared to young rats. Aggravated pulmonary and systemic inflammation is a key finding in old animals developing VILI.
Photoinduced Charge Separation of 10-Phenyl-10H-phenothiazine–2-Phenylanthraquinone Dyad Bridged by Bicyclo[2.2.2]octane
Authors: Karimata Ayumu , Kawauchi Hidetoshi , Suzuki Shuichi , Kozaki Masatoshi , Ikeda Noriaki , Keyaki Kazutoshi , Nozaki Koichi , Akiyama Kimio , Okada Keiji 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Photoinduced charge separation of a phenothiazine–anthraquinone dyad 1 with a rigid bicyclo[2.2.2]octane spacer was investigated by means of picosecond and nanosecond transient absorption and time-resolved ESR spectroscopies. Irradiation of the anthraquinone chromophore in 1 produced the charge-separated (CS) state in THF. Time constants of the formation and the decay of the CS state were determined to be 1.3 ns and 1.0 µs, respectively. Time-resolved ESR showed spin-polarized all-emission signals due to the formation of the CS state via the triplet mechanism.
Development of Positive Photoresist for Controlling Cell Culture Shape on Organic Substrates
Authors: Kumashiro Yoshikazu , Itoga Kazuyoshi , Kinoshita Yohei , Yamato Masayuki , Okano Teruo 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Micropatterns on organic materials were fabricated using various positive photoresist solutions for clearly patterning the culture of cells on organic materials. The surface erosion of organic materials with positive photoresist solvents was quantitatively characterized, and a suitable solute/solvent combination was found. Clear cell patterns were observed on a surface when using the newly developed photoresist, mainly because the developed photoresist hardly eroded on the surface of organic materials.
Unexpected Occurrence of Face-centered-cubic Nickel Phase in Air-atmosphere Sol–Gel Process
Authors: Li Pingyun , Jiang Wei , Li Fengsheng 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The air-atmosphere sol–gel process is often used to prepare metallic oxides powders. This letter addresses for the first time that face-centered-cubic (FCC) metallic Ni phase also can be obtained by using sol–gel process in air atmosphere. The as-prepared nanoparticles have grain sizes in the range of 20 to 90 nm. Our results provide new insight into the sol–gel process.
Thermal Enhancement of Gene Transfection in Tumor Cells Mediated by the Photothermal Effect of Gold Nanorods
Authors: Sakamura Yuki , Yoshiura Moemi , Tang Hengmin , Mori Takeshi , Katayama Yoshiki , Niidome Takuro 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
A plasmid DNA and gold nanorods were directly injected to tumor in mice, and the tumor was heated to 39–42 °C through the photothermal effect of the gold nanorods. The heat treatment enhanced transgene expression from the plasmid DNA in the tumor and induced heat shock protein HSP70, related to several immune responses. This transfection technique combined with heat treatment will be applicable to DNA vaccination and gene therapy for immunological diseases.
Synthesis of Spirooxindoles from Carbamoyl Chlorides via Cyclopropyl Methine C(sp3)–H Activation Using Palladium Catalyst
Authors: Tsukano Chihiro , Okuno Masataka , Takemoto Yoshiji 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The synthesis of spirooxindoles fused with cyclopropanes from carbamoyl chlorides, via methine C(sp3)–H activation, is reported. The regioselectivity of C–H activation in the presence of competitive C–H bonds at the appropriate position was investigated under the optimized conditions.
Near-infrared-responsive Liquid Marbles Stabilized with Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Nakai Keita , Nakagawa Hinari , Kuroda Keita , Fujii Syuji , Nakamura Yoshinobu , Yusa Shin-ichi 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR)-responsive liquid marbles were prepared using carbon nanotube (CNT) and fullerene (C60) powders. The liquid marbles were transferred to the surface of bulk water. The liquid marbles immediately disintegrated upon NIR irradiation due to conversion of NIR energy to heat. The NIR-responsive liquid marbles can be used to induce chemical reactions, if a liquid marble containing one reactant was floated on bulk water containing another reactant. Upon NIR irradiation, the liquid marble burst and the two reactants came in contact, triggering the reaction.
Oxidative Conversion of Tetraaryldihydrodibenzothiepins into Elemental Sulfur and Stable Cationic Dyes Accompanied by Dual UV–vis and CD Spectral Changes
Authors: Suzuki Takanori , Kuroda Takuma , Tamaoki Hitomi , Higasa Sho , Katoono Ryo , Fujiwara Kenshu , Fukushima Takanori , Yamada Hidetoshi 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Upon oxidation of the title heterocycles with dimethylamino groups, elemental sulfur is extruded to form dicationic dyes, which regenerate the heterocycles by the reaction with Na2S. The electrolysis of the heterocycles induces a drastic change in UV–vis spectrum exhibiting several isosbestic points. The bay-region substituents enhance configurational stability, so the optically pure heterocycle can be obtained in terms of helicity of one-handedness, and its chromism is accompanied by a large chiroptical response as detected by CD spectroscopy.
Leadership competencies in the context of health services
Authors: Jahrami Haitham , Marnoch Gordon , Gray Ann Marie 
Published: May 2013

Objectives In a rapidly changing health-care environment, clinicians are increasingly called upon to assume complex leadership responsibilities. The research was undertaken to develop an understanding of the limits to the conceptual and methodological basis of leadership competency modelling in health services context. Methods Data were collected from all of the clinicians in a Psychiatric Hospital, Bahrain using a researcher-developed questionnaire. Data were gathered to critically assess the validity of the competency-based approach to leadership on the basis of subjects' capacity to discriminate in terms of importance and accomplishment between the items featured in a research tool containing a comprehensive list of 124 leadership competencies. Results The results of the analyses indicate a weak identification with the competencies in the sense of revealing low levels of discriminatory sophistication on the part of subjects. Conclusion The study design was limited to participants working in single hospital; therefore, the conclusions made cannot yet be regarded categorically as generalizable. Leadership selection, development and education activities may not achieve their ultimate outcomes due to the subject identification problem associated with the competence approach. It might be necessary to reconsider the efficiency of human resource activities that rely solely on the competency approach. The conceptual basis of leadership competence in health services has been previously neglected. This research casts doubt on competency approaches to leadership if based on subject identification with pre-defined items.
2,6-Dinitrobenzoic acid and its 2 : 1 salts formed with isomeric n-({[(pyridin-1-ium-n-ylmethyl)carbamoyl]formamido}methyl) pyridin-1-ium, n = 2, 3 and 4
Authors: Arman Hadi D. , Miller Tyler , Poplaukhin Pavel , Tiekink Edward R. T. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The co-crystallisation of two equivalents of 2,6-dinitrobenzoic acid (1) with one equivalent of a member of the isomeric N,N′-bis(pyridin-n-ylmethyl)ethanediamides, n = 2, 3 and 4, resulted in the anticipated 2 : 1 salts, 2–4. The central core, i.e. CH2N(H)C(=O)C(=O)N(H)CH2, of the isomeric di-cations are superimposable and chemically equivalent pairs of carbonyl, amide and pyridinium groups have an anti conformation. By contrast, the relative orientations of the terminal pyridinium rings from the central core vary significantly across the series as do the relative disposition of the acidic-H atoms. This feature of the structure influences the nature of N—H…O hydrogen bonding and, therefore, the observed supramolecular aggregation patterns. Thus, in 2, the syn-disposition of the nitrogen-bound hydrogen atoms enables the benzoate residue to interact via the two oxygen atoms with both pyridinium- and amine-H atoms to yield a zero-dimensional aggregate. By contrast, in each of 3 and 4, having further distance between the acidic-H atoms, the benzoate residues still interact (either through one both or both oxygen atoms) with pyridinium- and amine-H atoms but those derived from symmetry related molecules to generate one-dimensional aggregates. The three-dimensional architectures of 1–3 are consolidated, in the main, by C—H…O interactions. The structure of 1 revealed the benzoic acid residue to be perpendicular in contrast to the co-planar conforämations of the nitro groups. In the crystal packing, O–H…O hydrogen bonding lead to a helical supramolecular chain.
Width of 3. Ventricle: Reference Values and Clinical Relevance in a
Cohort of Patients with Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Müller Martin , Esser Regina , Kötter Katarina , Voss Jan , Müller Achim , Stellmes Petra 
Published: May 2013

Objectives:
To estimate the quantity of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with brain atrophy as indicated by third ventricular enlargement using transcranial colourcoded ultrasound (TCCS).

Methods:
The width of the 3. ventricle was assessed by TCCS in 70 healthy controls (male 31, female 39, mean age 41 ± 15 years, age range 18 – 79 years), and in a cohort of 54 patients with relapsing remitting MS (male 16, female 38, mean age 40 ± 10 years, median EDSS 2 [1-3]).

Results:
In the controls, the width of the 3. ventricle increased with age (without any sex differences) from 3.0 ± 0.76 mm in the age group < 40 years to 4.0 ± 0.74 mm in the age group of 60 years or more (ANOVA p=0.0001). Derived from regression analysis, the upper limit of the 95% Confidence Interval for each year provided cutoff points according to which 14 of 54 patients (25%) exhibited an enlarged 3. ventricle. In a multivariate regression analysis, the width of the 3. ventricle over all MS patients was significantly related to EDSS (Spearman rho , r=0.446, p<0.005) and to MS duration (r=0.319, p<0.005).

Conclusions:
Even in MS patients in good clinical conditions the rate of patients with brain atrophy determined by TCCS is high.
Reduced Postoperative Pain and Complications after a Modified Multidisciplinary Approach for Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Karlnoski Rachel A. , B.S Collin Sprenker , Puri Suvikram , Chen Ren , Mangar Devanand , Murr Michel M. , Camporesi Enrico M. 
Published: May 2013

Background:
There are considerable implications for pain management in morbidly obese patients undergoing
weight loss operations. The purpose of this study was to determine if a modified postoperative analgesic regimen and a
dedicated postoperative bariatric team reduced pain scores, length of stay and postoperative complications.

Materials and Methods:
We performed a retrospective analysis of morbidly obese patients admitted to our medical center
for laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB). Our previous
postoperative pain regimen was ketorolac (30 mg IV plus 15 mg q6h) and patient controlled analgesia (PCA) morphine
and was converted to ketorolac (30 mg IV and 30 mg i.m, plus 15 mg q6h), and IV PCA hydromorphone. Visual analog
scale (VAS) pain scores from the post-operative care unit were collected retrospectively. The bariatric team was led by a
nurse practitioner consisted of a psychologist, exercise physiologist, and nutritionist.

Results:
Eighty-five patients underwent bariatric operations in the year prior to implementation of the revised
postoperative pain management regimen and 372 patients underwent bariatric surgery in the 2 years following
implementation. Patient age, gender and BMI were evenly distributed for both groups. Mean VAS scores on postoperative
days 1 through 5 were significantly lower after implanting our modified pain regimen (p<0.0001). Pain scores were
significantly higher for patients that underwent LRYGB compared to LAGB (p<0.0001). Overall, length of hospital stay
was unaffected by the new pain regimen, however a significant reduction was found in patients that underwent LAGB
(0.8 days less; p=0.0001).

Conclusion:
Use of our modified pain regimen resulted in a more effective analgesic protocol and a reduction of hospital
stay, without added complications or side effects.
Study of disease pattern of patients admitted in Gynae & Obst. Department in a rural tertiary medical institute
Authors: Sultana Mst Atia , Akter Monira , Noor Tahmina , Hossain Mahbub 
Published: May 2013

The aim of this study was to find out the Gynaecological disease pattern, common diseases, age distribution , organs involvement of female reproductive system, types of diseases etc. in admitted patient of Khwaja Yunus Ali Medical College & Hospital (KYAMCH) a rural tertiary hospital in Bangladesh. In this retrospective & descriptive study total 853 Gynaecological patients were evaluated in 4 years period, who were admitted either from OPD or through emergency. Most of the diagnosis were made after evaluation of organ involvement, 53% uterine origin, most are benign 29%; 40% patient having normal menstrual cycle but suffering from Gynaecological diseases like chronic cervicitis, lower abdominal pain(PID). Vaginal discharge, urinary tract infection, ectopic pregnancy, different types of abortion. This study showed that the Gynaecological disease pattern of Patients admitted in Obs& Gynae department of KYAMCH- a rural tertiary medical institute.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v3i1.13656 KYAMC Journal Vol. 3, No.-1, June 2012 pp.220-222