bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Duplex Scanning and Light Reflection Rheography in the Assessment of the Severity of Short Saphenous Vein Incompetence
Authors: SOMJEN GEORGE M. , ROYLE JOHN P. , TONG YISHA , MacLELLAN DONALD G. 
Published: June 2013

background. Duplex ultrasound assessment of veins in the popliteal fossa is an accepted alternative to venography. Light reflection rheography provides additional quantitative information on venous reflux in chronic venous insufficiency.objective. To use duplex ultrasound and light reflection rheography to study the venous reflux patterns in the popliteal fossa in a group of patients.methods. Duplex ultrasound examination and light reflection rheography were used in the assessment of the severity of short saphenous vein incompetence.results. The study revealed that any associated deep venous reflux which was detectable beyond the saphenopopliteal junction represented a more advanced stage of superficial venous insufficiency.conclusions. Light reflection rheography, as a semiquantitative test, provided useful additional information to duplex scan findings in assessing venous reflux of the popliteal fossa. Short saphenous vein reflux with functional deep venous incompetence was associated with shorter venous refilling times and clinically represented a more advanced stage of primary varicose vein disease.
Techniques of Split‐Thickness Skin Grafting for Lower Extremity Ulcerations
Authors: KIRSNER ROBERT S. , FALANGA VINCENT 
Published: June 2013

objective. To discuss the role of skin grafts in the functional repair of lower extremity ulcerations.methods. The indications, types of skin grafts, and the methods of harvesting grafts are described.results. Detailed description of our method of bedside split‐thickness skin grafting with both pinch and mesh grafts in hospitalized patients is given. We also discuss post‐operative care and complications seen with skin grafting.conclusion. Split‐thickness skin grafting offers an important therapeutic option in the treatment of lower extremity ulcerations.
Review of Continuous Sutures in Dermatologic Surgery
Authors: WONG NANCY L. 
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUND. Continuous sutures have been developed to close surgical defects to save time, to distribute tension evenly, or to improve the cosmetic result. The choice of suture technique can significantly affect the speed of closure and the eventual appearance of the scar.OBJECTIVE. To review the different types of continuous sutures, their advantages, and disadvantages.CONCLUSION. Recommendations are made regarding the appropriate use of continuous sutures in wounds depending on the amount of tension in the wound, and requirement of a good cosmetic result.
Indications for the Sclerosing Agent Polidocanol
Authors: GUEX JEAN‐JÉRÔME 
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUND. Polidocanol is a widely used sclerosing agent that was first developed as a local anesthetic. In France it is used in varicose veins as well as in telangiectases.OBJECTIVE. To improve the knowledge of the effects of polidocanol and provide recommendations for better use.METHODS. Based on 12 years of experience in treating nearly 11,000 patients with polidocanol, the author reviews his observations. A theoretical model of dilution of sclerosing agents in injected veins is provided.RESULTS. The author observed: seven cases of minor urticaria, occurrence ofgrey veil when used under the air‐block technique, one case of cutaneous necrosis (5 cm3), and some small epidermic necrosis (1‐mm diameter) and neither shock nor severe adverse reaction.CONCLUSION. Polidocanol is characterized by its spasmogenic action on veins, excellent local tolerance, and a very low incidence of general reactions. Low concentrations (0.3 to 0.600) can be used for the treatment of quite large varicose veins if an adequate volume is injected.
A History of Tissue Expansion
Authors: BENNETT RICHARD G. , HIRT MICHAEL 
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUND. Tissue expansion has become a widely used adjunct in reconstruction of the skin.OBJECTIVE. To trace the history of the concept of tissue expansion from the ancient to the latest medical literature.METHODS. We reviewed the technologic developments in the materials and methods of tissue expansion.RESULTS. Tissue expansion is of clinical importance and can be understood by the biochemical, biomechanical, and histologic features of expanded skin.CONCLUSION. Tissue expansion is becoming widely used and accepted and its continued use under many circumstances is justified by the experimental and clinical results.
Bowenoid Changes in Kaposi's Sarcoma
Authors: COHEN PHILIP R. , ADLER‐STORTHZ KAREN , RAPINI RONALD P. 
Published: June 2013

background: Previous reports have documented the coexistence of multiple infectious organisms or Kaposi's sarcoma within the same biopsy specimens of mucocutaneous lesions in human immunodeficiency virus‐(HIV) infected patients.objective: A 31‐year‐old black man with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who had Bowenoid changes and Kaposi's sarcoma within the same cutaneous lesion is described.methods: Microbiologic cultures, microscopic examination, and polymerase chain reaction were performed on a lesional skin biopsy specimen to evaluate for infectious organisms, histopathology, and the presence of human papil‐lomavirus (HPV) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), respectively.results: Bacteria, fungi, and mycobacteria were not detected with special stains and cultures. The histologic findings were consistent with Bowen's disease in the epidermis and patch stage Kaposi's sarcoma in the dermis. There was no polymerase chain reaction product generated from the HPV‐specific primers in two individual polymerase chain reaction assays.conclusion: The possibility that coexisting infectious or neoplastic disorders, or both, may be present within a single mucocutaneous lesion should always be considered when evaluating a lesion from an HIV seropositive individual.
Effectiveness of the Health Campaign for the Early Diagnosis of Cutaneous Melanoma in Trentino, Italy
Authors: CRISTOFOLINI MARIO , BIANCHI RAFFAELLA , BOI SEBASTIANA , DECARLI ADRIANO , MICCIOLO ROCCO , CRISTOFOLINI PAOLO , ZUMIANI GIUSEPPE 
Published: June 2013

background. To reduce the mortality rate from cutaneous melanoma in Trentino, a health campaign for early diagnosis aimed at the general public was organized.objective. The mortality rate from cutaneous melanoma in Trentino before and after our health campaign was analyzed and compared with the mortality rates in three neighboring regions where no campaigns were carried out.methods. The mortality for cutaneous melanoma was analyzed using data from the death certificates provided by ISTAT for the pre‐ and postcampaign periods. The two Summary methods: cumulative rate and the standard mortality ratio were used.results. The cumulative mortality rates in the neighboring regions show a tendency to increase over the three periods whereas the increase in Trentino is less evident. The standard mortality ratios confirmed this result.conclusion. We feel that this type of campaign is to be recommended in the reduction of mortality from cutaneous melanoma.
Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Male Nipple Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: BENHARROCH DANIEL , GEFFEN DAVID B. , PEISER JOHANAN , ROSENBERG LIOR 
Published: June 2013

background. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the nipple is a very unusual occurence, often mistaken for Paget's disease.objective. By reporting a further case of BCC of the nipple in a 57‐year‐old man and by reviewing the sixteen previously reported cases, we mean to characterize further a common lesion arising at an unusual site. We also wish to stress the lack of aggreement regarding the treatment of BCC of the nipple.methods. Review of the literature was based on a search in Medline.conclusions. We appeal to compile all cases of BCC arising at unusual locations in order to gain a better understanding of these lesions.
Scalpel Sculpturing Techniques for Graft Revision and Dermatologic Surgery
Authors: Snow Stephen N. , Stiff Mark A. , Lambert David R. 
Published: June 2013

background. Postoperative scars can be revised by a variety of techniques, including dermabrasion, laser, curettage, razor blade, and scalpel surgery. Most modern methods of scar revision provide good results but at the expense of time and economy.objective. We present our scalpel sculpting technique that uses the #15 scalpel blade to microshave and feather the skin edges to equalize differences in skin elevations caused by uneven healing. The superficial wounds then heal by second intention.methods. Sculpting techniques were used to revise side‐to‐side closures (grafts and flaps), trap‐door elevations, standing tricones and hypertrophic scars. In addition, we used the sculpting technique to remove superficial blemishes such as actinic and seborrheic keratoses, skin tags, and other benign lesions.results. We have used scalpel sculpting techniques to revise scars and remove blemishes for more than 5 years. We have removed thousands of skin imperfections with very gratifying results.conclusion. Scalpel sculpting techniques provide a simple, efficient method of scar revision and removal of superficial skin lesions. The technique reduces operative time and streamlines instrument reprocessing. Because of its simplicity, there is a high degree of patient, nursing, and physician satisfaction.
Mohs Micrographic Excision of Sebaceous Carcinoma of the Eyelids
Authors: Yount Avis B. , Bylund David , Pratt Steven G. , Greenway Hubert T. 
Published: June 2013

background. Sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid is a difficult tumor to manage because of diagnostic difficulties and pagetoid‐type spread in the conjunctivae.objective. We report our experience with eight patients using the Mohs technique of excision with reconstruction.methods. Six cases were managed with paraffin‐embedded hematoxylin and eosin sections. One case was managed by frozen histologic sections and one was managed with frozen section processing followed by paraffin‐embedded section review.results. The correct pathologic diagnosis was made initially in only 50% of the cases. Eighty‐eight percent of the cases revealed intraepithelial neoplasm. There has been one recurrence with metastatic disease. The average follow‐up period has been 56.8 months.conclusions. We advocate early recognition and excision with the Mohs technique with paraffin‐embedded sections followed by reconstruction. The use of paraffin‐embedded histologic sections helps with interpretation of intraepithelial and pagetoid tumor spread.
Uterine Adenocarcinoma Metastatic to the Skin Responsive to Megestrol Acetate
Authors: Spencer David M. , Bigler Lane R. , Wilkin Jonathan K. , Gams Richard A. 
Published: June 2013

background. Although endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecological cancer, it only rarely metastasizes to the skin, with a reported prevalence of 0.8%. We report a case of an elderly lady who recently developed cutaneous metastases from an endometrial primary diagnosed 7 years earlier.objective. Our purpose was to determine if the oral administration of megestrol acetate would be effective in the treatment of uterine adenocarcinoma metastatic to the skin.methods. The index case was given oral megestrol acetate over a period of 9 months. Pre‐ and posttreatment skin biopsies were performed and analyzed.results. During treatment with megestrol acetate, the cutaneous metastases in the abdominal skin decreased in area to less than 10% of the pretreatment surface area correlating with a marked histopathologic decrease in adenocarcinomatous glandular structures.conclusion. Megestrol acetate can be successfully utilized in the treatment of endometrial adenocarcinoma metastatic to the skin as well as ostensibly in the treatment of other progesterone‐sensitive metastatic cutaneous carcinomas.
Follow‐Up Recommendations for Patients with Stage I Malignant Melanoma
Authors: ROMERO JUDITH B. , STEFANATO CATHERINE M. , KOPF ALFRED W. , BART ROBERT S. 
Published: June 2013

The objective of follow‐up examinations of patients who have had Stage 1 invasive malignant melanoma is the early detection of local recurrences, metastases, and new primary melanomas.Model schedules for follow‐up intervals were developed based on a survey of eight physicians. These melanoma experts agree that regular follow‐up examinations are indicated and that the time intervals between examination vary according to the thicknesses of the melanomas.The patient follow‐up schedule derived is: for melanomas up to 0.75‐mm thick, every 6 months for years 1 and 2, and annually for years 3, 4, and 5; for melanomas 0.76–1.50 mm thick, every 3 months for years 1 and 2, semiannually for years 3, 4, and 5; and for melanomas > 1.50 mm thick, every 3 months for years 1, 2, and 3, and semiannually for years 4 and 5. After the fifth year, the recommendation is to examine all patients annually for life because of the continued risk for recurrences and new primary melanomas. For those individuals at especially high risk for developing multiple primary melanomas more frequent examinations may be appropriate.
Hyperosmolar Versus Detergent Sclerosing Agents in Sclerotherapy
Authors: SADICK NEIL S. 
Published: June 2013

background. Sclerosing agents produce local endothelial destruction extending to the adventitia of the vessel wall while producing minimal thrombosis formation. They are rapidly inactivated in order to prevent damage far beyond the injection site. It has been stated that detergent sclerosants may have more distal sclerosing capabilities than hyperosmolar sclerosants.objective. The present study compares the in vivo relative potential of polidocanol (POL.), a detergent sclerosing agent, and hypertonic saline (H.S.), a hyperosmolar sclerosant in their effects on distal vessel obliteration.method. Symmetrical Class III reticular vessels of 2–3‐mm diameter were injected with equal amounts (0.5 cc) of sclerosing solutions: 0.5% POL. in the left leg and 23.4% H.S. in the right leg. Distance of vessel sclerosing effect was calibrated from the inferior patellar tendon employing a calibrated measuring window. Standard compression (20–30 mm Hg) was employed for 72 hours after each treatment session. Patients were examined at 2‐, 4‐, 6‐, 8‐, 10‐, and 16‐week intervals for vascular sclerosing resolution effect.results. The mean distance of vessel sclerosis utilizing 23.4% H.S. was 6.24 cm utilizing 0.5% POL. The mean duration of time to clinical disappearance of treated vessels was 6.4 weeks for the H.S.‐treated extremity vs 6.2 weeks of the POL.‐treated extremity. The difference of both parameters in terms of distance of sclerosing effect and time interval to achieve this effect were not statistically significant for either variable utilizing POL. or H.S.conclusions. Hyperosmolar and detergent sclerosants such as POL. and H.S. in comparable concentrations for given vessel diameter may provide equal degrees of vessel obliteration clinically over equivalent periods of time in vivo. Other factors such as minimal sclerosant concentration, hypersensitivity/complication profile, patient discomfort, sclerosant availability, and physician experience are other important factors in choosing a sclerosing agent for a given clinical setting.
Females Vastly Outnumber Males in Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Upper Lip
Authors: ROWE DAN , GALLAGHER RICHARD P. , WARSHAWSKI LARRY , CARRUTHERS ALASTAIR 
Published: June 2013

background. It was noted that females, particularly young females, outnumbered males with basal cell Carcinoma (BCC) of the upper lip among patients treated by Mohs micrographic surgery in Vancouver, British Columbia.objective. To investigate female‐to‐male ratios for BCC of the upper lip at the Vancouver Mohs micrographic surgery Service, and to compare this with data from the provincial‐wide registry as well as with worldwide data in the literature.methods. The female‐to‐male ratios by age group were determined for 136 upper lip lesions treated at the Mohs Service from 1983 to 1992. Similar data were obtained from 731 perioral BCCs recorded at the provincial‐wide registry from 1982 to 1989. The literature was reviewed for comparative data worldwide.results. At the Mohs Service females outnumber males 3.5:1 for upper lip BCCs. Young females 30–39 years old outnumber males 16:1. Regional data from the British Columbia Cancer Registry confirm that females outnumber males 2:1 for the lip region (including upper lip, lower lip, nasolabial fold). This is significant when compared with all BCCs diagnosed in the prov‐ince (ie, all sites), in which males outnumber females 1.3:1. Data from the literature worldwide confirm this relationship.conclusion. BCC of the upper lip is a female‐predominated disease. Young females are at a much higher risk for this disease than young males.
Epidermoid Anal Canal Carcinoma Metastatic to the Skin
Authors: NAZZARI GUIDO , DRAGO FRANCESCO , MALATTO MASSIMO , CROVATO FRANCO 
Published: June 2013

background. Cancers of the anal canal are rare, but their frequency i's constantly increasing. Only 10–20% of the patients develop a local recurrence and about 20% distant visceral metastases.objective. To report what we believe to be the first case of skin metastases of epidermoid anal canal Carcinoma mimicking a typical clinical pattern of prostatic adenocarcinoma metastases.
Elliptical Donor Stereoscopically Assisted Micrografting as an Approach to Further Refinement in Hair Transplantation
Authors: LIMMER BOBBY L. 
Published: June 2013

background. Multiple surgical methods are currently used for hair transplantation. Each method has a specific technique, morbidity, and relatively predictable cosmetic result.objective. To describe a methodology that combines elliptical excision of donor tissue and dissection under stereoscopic magnification into small grafts to obtain an improved final cosmetic result. For the purposes of this paper, any graft small enough to be easily inserted into a 16‐, 18‐, or 20‐gauge needle tunnel will be referred to as a micrograft.method. Three hundred thirty patients underwent transplantation by this method over a 6‐year period. All patients were photographed before, during, and upon completion to monitor results.results. Cosmetic results as documented by examination and photography represent a further refinement due to the large number and small size of grafts placed.conclusion. The author considers the method described as a viable alternative technique in hair transplantation for both limited and extensive androgenetic alopecia.
CO2, Argon, and Pulsed Dye Laser Treatment of Angiofibromas
Authors: BOIXEDA PABLO , SÁNCHEZ‐MIRALLES ENRIQUE , AZAÑA JOSÉ MANUEL , ARRAZOLA JOSÉ MARIA , MORENO RAMÓN , LEDO ANTONIO 
Published: June 2013

background. Tuberous sclerosis is a complex Aisorder of hamartoma formation in many organs, particularly the skin, brain, eye, kidney, and heart. The characteristic skin lesions are angiofibromas (AF), the shagreen patch, periungual fibromas, and “ash‐leaf” white macules. Treatment for AF has previously included electrocoagulation, electrodesiccation and curettage, dermabrasion, excision, cryosurgery, and oral 23‐cis retinoic acid. Both argon and CO2 lasers have been used in isolated cases to treat AF.objective. The purpose of this work is the study of the application of three different lasers in the treatment of facial AF.methods. Ten patients with facial AF were treated with CO2, argon, and pulsed dye lasers. Patients' AF were graded with regard to the size and color of the lesions. A 2–3‐cm2 test was assayed on the face of all patients with each laser before performing a complete treatment and in Order to choose the best laser.results. Results were considered excellent in seven patients and good in three patients, with decrease of erythema and flattening of the AF. Minimal scarring was noted in two patients. Transient erythema was observed in patients treated with the CO2 laser. All patients or their parents considered the treatment cosmetically satisfactory.conclusion. We found the CO2 laser to be a better therapeutic tool than the argon laser to treat AF, especially in those patients with multiple and protuberant AF. The argon laser would be more useful in those patients with very red AF and light complexion, and the pulsed dye laser in those with very red and flat AF.
Copper Vapor Laser and Microsclerotherapy of Facial Telangiectases: A Patient Questionnaire
Authors: THIBAULT PAUL KENNETH 
Published: June 2013

background. Facial telangiectasia due to photodamage is a common disfiguring condition in modern society. Over the past 10 years yellow light laser photocoagulation has become the treatment of choice,objective. To compare the effectiveness of copper vapor laser alone with combined microsclerotherapy and copper vapor laser in the treatment of facial telangiectases,methods. Two hundred thirty‐nine consecutive patients were asked to complete a questionnaire evaluating the two different treatments; 180 (75%) patients responded,results. Both treatments were found to be effective but patients who received the combined treatment gave significantly higher ratings in effectiveness and overall satisfaction. There was also non‐significant reduction in the incidence of adverse effects reported by patients treated by the combined method,conclusion. Supplementary microsclerotherapy enhances the effectiveness of copper vapor laser photocoagulation of facial telangiectases,
Modelling the Regional Heterogeneity of South Africa's Trade
Authors: Smet Koen 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis paper develops a three‐dimensional Heckscher–Ohlin trade framework to discuss the regional heterogeneity of South Africa's trade pattern. First, a general analysis of trade data for the period 1993‐2006 displays significant differences in the South African trade pattern with the EU and China. Second, a symmetrical three‐dimensional trade model is constructed to explain trade among South Africa, the EU and China by means of differences in the endowment with skilled labour, less skilled labour and capital. The discussion of the actual trade model is visualised by means of the concept of the endowment triangle. Third, a detailed descriptive analysis that uses and combines three different classification measures supports the theoretical predictions of the developed trade model. The paper shows that the three‐dimensional model can be used to model South Africa's basic trade relationship.
The Impact of Social Housing Developments on Nearby Property Prices: a Nelson Mandela Bay Case Study
Authors: Du Preez Mario , Sale Michael 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSocial housing projects often face substantial “Not‐in‐my‐backyard” (NIMBY) sentiment and, as a result, are frequently plagued by local opposition from communities who argue that nearby property prices will be affected adversely by these developments. International hedonic pricing studies conducted have, however, produced mixed results with some concluding that social housing developments may in fact lead to an improvement in surrounding property values. There is, however, a paucity of South African evidence. This study considers the validity of the most pervasive NIMBY argument, the claim that social housing developments negatively affect nearby property values, by considering the property prices of 170 single‐family homes in the Walmer neighbourhood, Nelson Mandela Bay, as a function of their proximity to an existing low‐cost housing development. The results of this study indicate that in the case of one Nelson Mandela Bay low‐cost housing development, a negative impact is exerted on the property values of nearby houses.