bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneity of fibrosis patterns in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease supports the presence of multiple fibrogenic pathways
Authors: Skoien Richard , Richardson Michelle M. , Jonsson Julie R. , Powell Elizabeth E. , Brunt Elizabeth M. , Neuschwander‐Tetri Brent A. , Bhathal Prithi S. , Dixon John B. , O'Brien Paul E. , Tilg Herbert , Moschen Alexander R. , Baumann Ulrich , Brown Rachel M. , Couper Richard T. , Manton Nicholas D. , Ee Looi C. , Weltman Martin , Clouston Andrew D. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundAdult non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) involves lobular necroinflammatory activity and fibrosis is typically centrilobular, whereas paediatric NAFLD has predominantly portal fibrosis. The reasons for these differences are unclear. We aimed to determine (a) how centrilobular and portal fibrosis in children relate to histological parameters; and (b) whether atypical fibrosis patterns exist in adults that are unexplained by current fibrogenesis models.MethodsHistological features of paediatric (n = 38) and adult (n = 56) NAFLD were assessed using conventional scoring systems. Keratin‐7 immunostaining was used to assess hepatic progenitor cell numbers and the ductular reaction. Centrilobular and portal components of fibrosis were independently scored and fibrosis patterns were classified according to accepted types. Post‐treatment (rosiglitazone/gastric banding) biopsies were also examined in adults.ResultsTwenty‐six children (68.4%) had portal‐predominant fibrosis, although the typical “adult” pattern was seen in 11 (28.9%). Portal fibrosis was associated with a ductular reaction (P = 0.021) and hepatic progenitor cell expansion (P < 0.001), whereas centrilobular fibrosis was associated with lobular inflammation (P = 0.026) and ballooning (P = 0.001). Before intervention, six adults (10.7%) had atypical fibrosis including 3 (5.4%) with a previously unrecognized pattern of very fine, non‐zonal sinusoidal fibrosis. Despite improvements in steatosis and inflammation, more patients developed this unusual pattern after intervention with most having had surgery (9 of 10 adults; P < 0.001).ConclusionDiffering associations with portal and centrilobular fibrosis in children and atypical fibrosis patterns in adults suggest that multiple fibrogenic pathways exist in NAFLD. This has implications for therapy and understanding pathogenesis.
Stalking the wild Tetrahymena
Authors: Katz Laura A. , Turkewitz Aaron P. 
Published: January 2013

We live on a microbial planet. Microorganisms dominate in terms of numbers of lineages, numbers of organisms, biomass and evolutionary innovations. Yet much remains to be learned about our microbial neighbours. We have gotten to know a few species that have been transformed into ‘laboratory rats’ (i.e. model organisms), but even here our understanding of the natural history of these lineages remains inadequate as there are few data from populations living in natural habitats. Zufall et al. (2013) move beyond this trend by providing insights into the natural history of Tetrahymena thermophila, a ciliate that has been used in many studies of cellular and molecular biology. Characterization of T. thermophila sampled from numerous ponds across this ciliate's range in Eastern North America reveals the following: (i) considerable differentiation among isolates, with the greatest diversity among lineages in New England, and (ii) a relatively small effective population size for this model ciliate. Such population data are fundamental for inferences about the origins of the numerous remarkable features of T. thermophila.
When bugs reveal biodiversity
Authors: Bohmann Kristine , Schnell Ida Bærholm , Gilbert M. Thomas P. 
Published: January 2013

One of the fundamental challenges of conservation biology is gathering data on species distribution and abundance. And unless conservationists know where a species is found and in which numbers, it is very difficult to apply effective conservation efforts. In today's age of increasingly powerful monitoring tools, instant communication and online databases, one might be forgiven for thinking that such knowledge is easy to come by. However, of the approximately 5,400 terrestrial mammals on the IUCN Red List, no fewer than 789 (ca. 14%) are listed as ‘Data Deficient’ (IUCN 2012) – IUCN's term for ‘haven't got a clue’. Until recently, the only way to gather information of numbers and distribution of terrestrial mammals (and many other vertebrates) was through observational‐based approaches such as visual records, the presence of tracks or spoor or even identification from bushmeat or hunters' trophies pinned to the walls in local villages. While recent technological developments have considerably improved the efficacy of such approaches, for example, using remote‐sensing devices such as audio‐ or camera‐traps or even remote drones (Koh & Wich 2012), there has been a growing realization of the power of molecular methods that identify mammals based on trace evidence. Suitable substrates include the obvious, such as faecal and hair samples (e.g. Vigilant et al. 2009), to the less obvious, including environmental DNA extracted from sediments, soil or water samples (e.g. Taberlet et al. 2012), and as recently demonstrated, the dietary content of blood‐sucking invertebrates (Gariepy et al. 2012; Schnell et al. 2012). In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Calvignac‐Spencer et al. (2013) present a potentially powerful development in this regard; diet analysis of carrion flies. With their near global distribution, and as most field biologists know, irritatingly high frequency in most terrestrial areas of conservation concern (which directly translates into ease of sampling them), the authors present extremely encouraging results that indicate how carnivorous flies may soon represent a strong weapon in the conservation arsenal.
Effect of Erythrocyte Aggregation on Spatiotemporal Variations in Cell‐Free Layer Formation Near on Arteriolar Bifurcation
Authors: Ong Peng Kai , Kim Sangho 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate how red blood cell aggregation could modulate the spatial variations in cell‐free layer formation in the vicinity of an arteriolar bifurcation.MethodsVisualization of blood flow was performed in upstream and downstream vessels of arteriolar bifurcations in the rat cremaster muscles under reduced flow conditions before and after induction of red blood cell aggregation to both physiological normal‐ and pathological hyperlevels seen in humans.ResultsLarge asymmetries of layer widths on opposite sides of the downstream vessel were attenuated along the vessel and this effect could be prominently enhanced by the hyperaggregation due to a higher formation rate of the layer which was greater on one side than the other of the vessel. The proportion of downstream layer formation constituted by the smaller downstream vessel generally increased with a thicker layer width at the wall of the upstream vessel adjacent it. A greater tendency of the layer formation in the smaller downstream vessel was found under the hyperaggregating condition than normal‐aggregating and nonaggregating conditions.ConclusionRed blood cell aggregation could attenuate the asymmetry in cell‐free layer formation on opposite sides of the downstream vessel, but enhances the heterogeneity of the layer formation between downstream vessels.
Social Costs of Setting High Aspirations in Competitive Negotiation
Authors: Lai Lei , Bowles Hannah Riley , Babcock Linda 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis article explores the implications of a negotiator setting high aspirations on the counterpart's assessments of the negotiator and future cooperation toward the negotiator. Participants were 134 undergraduates acting as buyers or sellers in a single‐issue price negotiation. Buyers received instructions to set more or less ambitious aspirations. Buyers who set more ambitious aspirations achieved better economic outcomes. However, sellers paired with buyers setting more ambitious aspirations found their buyers to be less likeable, expressed less willingness to cooperate with them in the future, and behaved less generously toward them in a postnegotiation dictator game. The perceived likeability of the buyer explained why the sellers were less willing to cooperate in the future with buyers who had set more ambitious aspirations. This research contributes to the understanding of the downside of setting high aspirations in a competitive negotiation and provides implications on balancing one‐time economic gain with future social loss.
Dialogue, dispute resolution, and talk‐in‐interaction: On empirical studies of ephemeral phenomena
Authors: Glenn Phillip , Kuttner Ran 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAlthough relational theories have gained increasing prominence in the field of alternative dispute resolution (ADR), further clarification of the actual communication that constitutes and contributes to a relational approach in the mediation and negotiation processes is still needed. This article begins by presenting a conception of dialogue as a relational practice. Ethnomethodological conversation analysis (CA) is introduced as a research method well suited to explicating practices of talk that contribute to or undermine relational interaction and dialogue in negotiation and conflict resolution contexts. We present two case studies of two parties negotiating a lease. Comparison of the two instances isolates practices that accomplish or move away from relational interaction and dialogue. This precedes a closing discussion of dialogic phenomena that could be mapped onto sequentially organized interactive practices, allowing them to be identified and studied in actual interactions. Such analysis offers valuable potential for understanding the actual discursive forms that contribute to relational approaches and dialogue and that help cultivate relational awareness and dialogic mindset in practice.
Initiation Behavior in Negotiations: The Moderating Role of Motivation on the Ability–Intentionality Relationship
Authors: Volkema Roger , Kapoutsis, Ilias , Nikolopoulos Andreas 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis article reports on a study of the effects of recognition of negotiable opportunities (ability) and self‐efficacy (motivation) on initiation behavior in negotiations, an often overlooked stage of the negotiation process. Three phases of the initiation process are examined—engaging, requesting, and optimizing—through three negotiation scenarios offering corresponding forced‐choice behavioral options. Results suggest that, overall, the recognition of negotiable opportunities and the interaction of recognition and self‐efficacy best predict initiation intentionality. More specifically, recognition and the interaction of recognition and self‐efficacy were significantly associated with the likelihood of making a request, whereas the interaction of recognition and self‐efficacy was significantly associated with the likelihood of optimizing that request. The implications of these findings for practitioners and future research are discussed.
Common mycorrhizal networks amplify size inequality in Andropogon gerardii monocultures
Authors: Weremijewicz Joanna , Janos David P. 
Published: January 2013

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can interconnect plant root systems through hyphal common mycorrhizal networks, which may influence the distribution of limiting mineral nutrients among interconnected individuals, potentially affecting competition and consequent size inequality. Using a microcosm model system, we investigated whether the members of Andropogon gerardii monocultures compete via common mycorrhizal networks.

We grew A. gerardii seedlings with isolated root systems in individual, adjacent containers while preventing, disrupting or allowing common mycorrhizal networks among them. Fertile soil was placed within the containers, which were embedded within infertile sand. We assessed mycorrhizas, leaf tissue mineral nutrient concentrations, size hierarchies and the growth of nearest neighbors.

Plants interconnected by common mycorrhizal networks had 8% greater colonized root length, 12% higher phosphorus and 35% higher manganese concentrations than plants severed from common mycorrhizal networks. Interconnected plants were, on average, 15% larger and had 32% greater size inequality, as reflected by Gini coefficients, than those with severed connections. Only with intact common mycorrhizal networks were whole‐plant dry weights negatively associated with those of their neighbors.

In the absence of root system overlap, common mycorrhizal networks likely promote asymmetric competition below ground, thereby exaggerating size inequality within A. gerardii populations.
Hydraulic limits on maximum plant transpiration and the emergence of the safety–efficiency trade‐off
Authors: Manzoni Stefano , Vico Giulia , Katul Gabriel , Palmroth Sari , Jackson Robert B. , Porporato Amilcare 
Published: January 2013

Summary

Soil and plant hydraulics constrain ecosystem productivity by setting physical limits to water transport and hence carbon uptake by leaves. While more negative xylem water potentials provide a larger driving force for water transport, they also cause cavitation that limits hydraulic conductivity. An optimum balance between driving force and cavitation occurs at intermediate water potentials, thus defining the maximum transpiration rate the xylem can sustain (denoted as Emax). The presence of this maximum raises the question as to whether plants regulate transpiration through stomata to function near Emax.

To address this question, we calculated Emax across plant functional types and climates using a hydraulic model and a global database of plant hydraulic traits.

The predicted Emax compared well with measured peak transpiration across plant sizes and growth conditions (R = 0.86, P < 0.001) and was relatively conserved among plant types (for a given plant size), while increasing across climates following the atmospheric evaporative demand. The fact that Emax was roughly conserved across plant types and scales with the product of xylem saturated conductivity and water potential at 50% cavitation was used here to explain the safety–efficiency trade‐off in plant xylem.

Stomatal conductance allows maximum transpiration rates despite partial cavitation in the xylem thereby suggesting coordination between stomatal regulation and xylem hydraulic characteristics.
Gene body methylation shows distinct patterns associated with different gene origins and duplication modes and has a heterogeneous relationship with gene expression in Oryza sativa (rice)
Authors: Wang Yupeng , Wang Xiyin , Lee Tae‐Ho , Mansoor Shahid , Paterson Andrew H. 
Published: January 2013

Summary

Whole‐genome duplication (WGD) has been recurring and single‐gene duplication is also widespread in angiosperms. Recent whole‐genome DNA methylation maps indicate that gene body methylation (i.e. of coding regions) has a functional role. However, whether gene body methylation is related to gene origins and duplication modes has yet to be reported.

In rice (Oryza sativa), we computed a body methylation level (proportion of methylated CpG within coding regions) for each gene in five tissues.

Body methylation levels follow a bimodal distribution, but show distinct patterns associated with transposable element‐related genes; WGD, tandem, proximal and transposed duplicates; and singleton genes. For pairs of duplicated genes, divergence in body methylation levels increases with physical distance and synonymous (Ks) substitution rates, and WGDs show lower divergence than single‐gene duplications of similar Ks levels. Intermediate body methylation tends to be associated with high levels of gene expression, whereas heavy body methylation is associated with lower levels of gene expression.

The biological trends revealed here are consistent across five rice tissues, indicating that genes of different origins and duplication modes have distinct body methylation patterns, and body methylation has a heterogeneous relationship with gene expression and may be related to survivorship of duplicated genes.
Safety and Efficacy of Open Irrigated‐Tip Catheter Ablation of Wolff‐Parkinson‐White Syndrome in Children and Adolescents
Authors: GULLETTA SIMONE , TSIACHRIS DIMITRIS , RADINOVIC ANDREA , BISCEGLIA CATERINA , MAZZONE PATRIZIO , TREVISI NICOLA , PAGLINO GABRIELE , BELLINI BARBARA , SALA SIMONE , DELLA BELLA PAOLO 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundIrrigated‐tip catheter technology has been used for the elimination of resistant accessory pathways (AP) in adults with Wolff‐Parkinson‐White (WPW) syndrome. However, there are persistent concerns regarding the safety of irrigated catheters in the pediatric population. In this report we present our experience, in terms of effectiveness and safety, of irrigated catheter technology in children and adolescents who underwent ablation of WPW.MethodsWe prospectively followed up all patients less than 18 years old (n = 41, mean age of 12.8 years old) who were referred to our center for radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation of WPW between January 2010 and July 2011. Catheter ablation was performed in all patients using an open irrigated‐tip catheter (Celsius Thermocool 3.5 mm, 7F, B‐type, Biosense Webster, Diamond Bar, CA, USA). Power was started from 15 W up to 30 W in right‐sided AP; RF pulses in left‐sided APs were delivered at 40 W while 20 W was delivered inside the coronary sinus.ResultsMean procedure time was 26.4 minutes and mean fluoroscopy time was 12.2 minutes. Overall procedural success was obtained in 39/41 (95.1%) patients after the first procedure. No complications were observed after the procedure. All patients attended their scheduled follow‐up visit at 3, 6, and 12 months and no recurrences were observed based on 12‐lead electrocardiogram and 24‐hour Holter monitoring.ConclusionsRF ablation of APs using open irrigated‐tip catheters can be performed in children and adolescents with a high acute and long‐term success rate, very short procedure times, and acceptable fluoroscopy times.
Community Outreach and Engagement Strategies from the Wisconsin Study Center of the National Children's Study
Authors: Riesch Susan K. , Ngui Emmanuel M. , Ehlert Carey , Miller M. Katie , Cronk Christine A. , Leuthner Steven , Strehlow Mary , Hewitt Jeanne B. , Durkin Maureen S. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this methods article was to describe and evaluate outreach and engagement strategies designed to initially build county‐wide awareness and support for the National Children's Study (NCS or the study) and subsequently to target the segment communities where recruitment for the study occurred. Selected principles from community outreach, social marketing, and health care system and personal referral formed the foundation for the strategies. The strategies included a celebration event, community advisory board, community needs assessment, building relationships with health care providers and systems, eliciting a network of study supporters, newsletters, appearances at local young family‐oriented events (health fairs, parades), presentations to local community leaders, community forums, “branding” with assistance from a women‐owned local marketing firm, and mailings including an oversized, second‐touch postcard. Six months after study launch, approximately 4,600 study‐eligible women were asked in a door‐to‐door survey if and how they became aware of the study. On average, 40% of eligible women reported being aware of the study. The most frequently cited strategy to cultivate their awareness was study‐specific mailings. Awareness of the NCS increased by 7.5% among those receiving a second‐touch postcard relative to controls (95% CIs [4.9, 10.7] z = 5.347, p < 0.0000, d = 0.16). Community outreach and engagement strategies, in particular the oversized postcard as a second‐touch effort, may be used effectively by researchers for participant recruitment and by public health nurses for delivery of important population‐focused messages.
An Integrative Review of Literature on the Determinants of Physical Activity Among Rural Women
Authors: Olsen Jeanette M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this integrative review is to analyze current, non‐experimental literature to identify factors that influence physical activity levels in rural women with a goal of informing nurses and improving the effectiveness of future physical activity interventions in this population.Design and SampleWhittemore and Knafl's (2005) integrative review methodology was used. The sample included 11 quantitative articles, seven qualitative studies, two studies that incorporated both methodologies, and one explanatory case study.MeasuresEach article was evaluated for quality using the American Association of Critical‐Care Nurses revised evidence leveling system. Data were analyzed and then synthesized using the Matrix Method.ResultsThe terms “rural” and “physical activity” were diversely defined in the reviewed articles. The results revealed three categories of determinants: personal factors, socio‐economic factors, and physical environment factors.ConclusionsEffective nursing interventions to promote physical activity should address barriers and motivating factors in all three categories of determinants for maximum efficacy. Additional research that clearly defines and consistently applies the terms “rural” and “physical activity” is needed to strengthen knowledge in this area.
Photochemical Degradation of the Plant Growth Regulator 2‐(1‐Naphthyl) acetamide in Aqueous Solution Upon UV Irradiation
Authors: Da Silva Eliana Sousa , Wong‐Wah‐Chung Pascal , Burrows Hugh D. , Sarakha Mohamed 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe photochemical degradation of 2‐(1‐naphthyl) acetamide (NAD) in aqueous solution using simulated sunlight excitation as well as UV light within the 254–300 nm range was investigated to obtain an insight into the transformation mechanism that could occur under environmental conditions. Several photoproducts were identified using HPLC/MS/MS techniques. The degradation quantum yield was found to be independent of the excitation wavelength, but showed a dependence of oxygen concentration. This increased by a factor of approximately 3 from aerated to oxygen‐free solutions. There is a clear involvement of both triplet and singlet excited states in NAD photoreactivity. The participation of singlet oxygen as a significant route in NAD degradation was ruled out by comparison with the behavior using Rose Bengal as a photosensitizer. A mechanistic pathway implying hydroxylation process through NAD radical cation species as well as an oxidation reaction by molecular oxygen is proposed. The photochemical behavior of NAD appears to mainly involve the aromatic moieties without any participation of the amide side chain. Toxicity tests clearly show that the generated primary photoproducts are responsible for a significant increase in the toxicity. However, upon prolonged irradiation this toxicity tends to decrease.