bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whole paternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 4 with a novel homozygous IDUA splicing variant, c.159‐9T>A, in a Chinese patient with mucopolysaccharidosis type I
Authors: Yan Lulu , Ding Shuxia , He Yan , Fu Bin , Chen Changshui , Li Haibo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundMucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS‐I) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic lysosomal storage disorder that is caused by pathogenic variants of the α‐L‐iduronidase (IDUA) gene. This study aimed to identify the genetic causes of MPS‐I in a Chinese patient and construct a minigene of IDUA to analyze its variants upon splicing.MethodsWhole‐exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing were used to confirm the potential causative variants. Single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array was subsequently performed to confirm uniparental disomy (UPD). Minigene assay was performed to analyze the effect on splicing of mRNA. We meanwhile explored the conservative analysis and protein homology simulation.ResultsA novel homozygous splicing mutation of IDUA, c.159‐9T>A, was identified in an individual presenting with overlapping features of MPS‐I. Interestingly, only the father and sisters, but not the mother, carried the variant in a heterozygous state. WES and SNP array analyses validated paternal UPD on chromosome 4. Minigene splicing revealed two aberrant splicing events: exon 2 skipping and intron 1 retention. Moreover, the specific structure of the mutant protein obviously changed according to the results of the homologous model.ConclusionsThis study describes a rare autosomal recessive disorder with paternal UPD of chromosome 4 leading to the homozygosity of the IDUA splicing variant in patients with MPS‐I for the first time. This study expands the variant spectrum of IDUA and provides insights into the splicing system, facilitating its enhanced diagnosis and treatment.
Deep learning models for separate segmentations of intracerebral and intraventricular hemorrhage on head CT and segmentation quality assessment
Authors: Li Yifan , Zhang Ruijie , Li Ying , Zuo Xinbing , Wang Qian , Zhang Shicai , Huo Xiankai , Liu Zhenhe , Zhang Quan , Liang Meng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe volume measurement of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) provides critical information for precise treatment of patients with spontaneous ICH but remains a big challenge, especially for IVH segmentation. However, the previously proposed ICH and IVH segmentation tools lack external validation and segmentation quality assessment.PurposeThis study aimed to develop a robust deep learning model for the segmentation of ICH and IVH with external validation, and to provide quality assessment for IVH segmentation.MethodsIn this study, a Residual Encoding Unet (REUnet) for the segmentation of ICH and IVH was developed using a dataset composed of 977 CT images (all contained ICH, and 338 contained IVH; a five‐fold cross‐validation procedure was adopted for training and internal validation), and externally tested using an independent dataset consisting of 375 CT images (all contained ICH, and 105 contained IVH). The performance of REUnet was compared with six other advanced deep learning models. Subsequently, three approaches, including Prototype Segmentation (ProtoSeg), Test Time Dropout (TTD), and Test Time Augmentation (TTA), were employed to derive segmentation quality scores in the absence of ground truth to provide a way to assess the segmentation quality in real practice.ResultsFor ICH segmentation, the median (lower‐quantile—upper quantile) of Dice scores obtained from REUnet were 0.932 (0.898–0.953) for internal validation and 0.888 (0.859–0.916) for external test, both of which were better than those of other models while comparable to that of nnUnet3D in external test. For IVH segmentation, the Dice scores obtained from REUnet were 0.826 (0.757–0.868) for internal validation and 0.777 (0.693–0.827) for external tests, which were better than those of all other models. The concordance correlation coefficients between the volumes estimated from the REUnet‐generated segmentations and those from the manual segmentations for both ICH and IVH ranged from 0.944 to 0.987. For IVH segmentation quality assessment, the segmentation quality score derived from ProtoSeg was correlated with the Dice Score (Spearman r = 0.752 for the external test) and performed better than those from TTD (Spearman r = 0.718) and TTA (Spearman r = 0.260) in the external test. By setting a threshold to the segmentation quality score, we were able to identify low‐quality IVH segmentation results by ProtoSeg.ConclusionsThe proposed REUnet offers a promising tool for accurate and automated segmentation of ICH and IVH, and for effective IVH segmentation quality assessment, and thus exhibits the potential to facilitate therapeutic decision‐making for patients with spontaneous ICH in clinical practice.
Kombucha–Chlorella–Proteinoid Biosynthetic Classifiers of Audio Signals
Authors: Mougkogiannis Panagiotis , Nikolaidou Anna , Adamatzky Andrew 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper describes the development of a bioinspired composite material capable of audio classification applications. Hydrogel matrices produced by microorganisms combined with synthetic biology elements, allow for the development of adaptable bioelectronics that connect biology and technology in a customized way. In this study, a composite population of kombucha, chlorella, and proteinoids (thermal proteins) is utilized to respond to acoustic signals converted to electrical waveforms. The kombucha zoogleal mats, which are made and populated by over 60 species of yeasts and bacteria, offer a matrix at the micro level that is connected to the photosynthetic microalgae chlorella. Proteinoids formed through thermal condensation exhibit unique patterns of signaling kinetics. This living material has the ability to be electrically stimulated and can process signals in a way feasible for sensory applications. Using English alphabet audio inputs, a systematic analysis demonstrates the capability to differentiate audio waveforms based solely on biological composite responses. The use of spectral analysis allows for the identification of specific spike timing patterns that encode unique characteristics of individual letters. Moreover, network disturbances result in specific changes in output, so validating the ability to adjust waveform classification. The study demonstrates that kombucha–chlorella–proteinoid composites provide a durable and versatile bioelectronic platform for immediate auditory processing. The work represents progress toward the development of bioelectronic systems that can be customized based on the principles of biological sensory processing, cognition, and adaptation.
Self‐organizing cooperative hunting for unmanned surface vehicles with constrained kinematics
Authors: Deng Qun , Peng Yan , Mo Tingke , Wang Jinduo , Qu Dong , Xie Yangmin 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThe article aims at solving a cooperative hunting problem for multiple unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) subject to constrained kinematics. In order to cooperatively trap the evader into the hunting domain, a velocity model with control variable for the pursuers is firstly proposed according to the Apollonius circle. Then, a flexible self‐organizing control strategy is developed, which enables the pursuers to approach the evader while forming an encirclement. The pursuers can dynamically adapt their strategies in real‐time by choosing the optimal control variable. Additionally, take into account the limitation imposed on the vessel's motion, the optimal control variable with constraint can be obtained by using the particle swarm optimization with log‐barrier method. The simulation results ultimately demonstrate the validity and superiority of the proposed cooperative hunting algorithm.
Effect of alkaline protease content on the structure and properties of natural rubber
Authors: Qu Qinglong , Wang Xianning , Liu Shuo , Cui Jiyuan , Xin Zhenxiang , Wang Hongzhen , Ding Shuqiang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe solidification technology of natural rubber exerts a significant impact on the properties of natural rubber. The solidification technology of alkaline protease has been highly valued by researchers at home and abroad because of its good solidification effect, excellent vulcanization performance, and low pollution. In this study, the effects of alkaline protease solidification technology and enzyme dosage on the structure and properties of natural rubber were investigated and compared with those of formic acid solidification technology. The solid‐state NMR results showed that increasing the enzyme dosage increased the molecular chain entanglements in the raw rubber. The gel content test results showed that the natural network structures (i.e. gels) increased after the addition of alkaline protease. The test results of the vulcanization characteristics showed that the addition of alkaline protease significantly shortened the positive vulcanization time. The Mw was the largest at an enzyme dosage of 0.07%. The test results for mechanical properties showed that the mechanical properties were best when the enzyme dosage was 0.07%. In addition, as the alkaline protease dosage increased, the Akron abrasion volume of natural rubber decreased, and the Akron abrasion volume was the lowest at an enzyme dosage of 0.07%.
The influence of process parameters and carbon nanotubes on composite material joints
Authors: Liu Siyuan , Wang Yake , Fan Tao , Wu Zhisheng , Li Yan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThrough resistance welding experiments, the effects of process parameters and heating elements (HE) on the welding strength of carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6 (CF/PA6) composites were studied. Stainless steel mesh was used as the heating element for welding CF/PA6 composites. The mechanical properties of the weld were tested using a universal testing machine, and the internal structure and fracture of the joint were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optimal parameters for welding CF/PA6 composites were determined. In addition, the growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the surface of the metal mesh significantly improved the welding strength, from 14.016 to 16.31 MPa. The experimental results showed that the optimal parameters included 22A current, 0.3 MPa pressure and 35 s welding time, and the optimal specification of the metal mesh heating element was 200 mesh. The burning time of the metal mesh was 10 s, and the optimum pickling time was 30 s.Highlights
The matrix of the composite material is nylon 6.
Improved the experimental process for growing carbon nanotubes.
Explore the influence of burning time on welding effect through detection.
Biocompatibility, thermal and mechanical properties of glass fiber‐reinforced polybenzoxazine composites as a potential new endodontic post
Authors: Mora Phattarin , Rimdusit Sarawut , Karagiannidis Panagiotis , Srisorrchart Ukrit , Jubsilp Chanchira 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA novel dental fiber post from glass fiber‐reinforced polybenzoxazine (PBZ) composites was developed in this work. The essential properties, that is, chemical characteristics, thermal and biological properties of the PBZ composites were investigated for various glass fiber loadings (10.5, 23.7, 41.2 and 65.1 vol%). Finite element analysis (FEA) was also utilized to observe mechanical behaviors of the tooth model repaired with PBZ composite posts compared to a natural tooth model. The findings reveal that for the fiber‐reinforced PBZ composites not only their thermal properties were significantly improved, but they also showed enhanced cytocompatibility; we found a coefficient of thermal expansion of 12.8 ppm/°C and cell viability of 91.55 for the 65.1 vol% glass fiber‐reinforced PBZ composite. Moreover, samples reinforced with higher glass fiber loadings effectively resulted in the reduction of stress distribution in dentin observed from FEA suggesting protection againt root fractures. Restoration using the PBZ composite post showed the same stress patterns in the dentin‐composite resin‐post interface of the repaired tooth as in the natural tooth model. The results revealed that the glass fiber‐reinforced PBZ composites possess good thermal properties and mechanical behaviors which renders them suitable candidates for biocompatible dental materials.Highlights
The glass fiber/polybenzoxazine (GF/PBZ) composites had nontoxic properties as evidenced through cell viability, growth and morphology studies.
The thermal expansion of the GF/PBZ composite was similar to that of dentin, promoting adaptation at the dentin‐post interface.
Mechanical behaviors evaluated by FEA of tooth model restored with GF/PBZ composite post were similar to those restored with commercial glass fiber post.
The biocompatible GF/PBZ composite with good thermal and mechanical properties is a promising new candidate material as dental fiber post.
Soybean pod shattering resistance allele pdh1 and marker‐assisted selection
Authors: Shimbwambwa Dora , Nachilima Christabel , Hamabwe Swivia , Kuwabo Kuwabo , Chigeza Godfree , Bilyeu Kristin , Kamfwa Kelvin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPod shattering is a major production constraint of soybean [Glycine max (L.)]. The objectives of this study were to (i) estimate heritability for pod shattering resistance, (ii) determine the frequency of the pod shattering resistance allele pdh1 in the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA) soybean germplasm and Zambian commercial varieties, and (iii) determine the effectiveness of the DNA marker for the pod shattering resistance allele pdh1. A total of 59 genotypes were evaluated for pod shattering in field trials conducted in Malawi and Zambia and genotyped with a marker for pdh1. TGx2002‐8FM and TGx2002‐9FM were the most resistant among genotypes in early and medium maturity classes and can be used for genetic enhancement of pod shattering resistance in these specific maturity classes. Narrow sense heritability estimates for pod shattering ranged from 0.27 to 0.80. Of the 59 genotypes, 57 (96.6%) carried the resistance allele pdh1 while only two genotypes (3.6%) carried the susceptible allele, suggesting near‐fixation of the resistance allele pdh1 in the IITA germplasm. The marker for pdh1 was highly effective in selecting resistant genotypes.
Enhancement of Nonreciprocal Entanglement and Transmission via Phase‐Dependent Unidirectional Coupling
Authors: Wang Nan , Dong Ting‐Ting , Li Shi‐Yan , Yuan Ning , Yu Lin , Zhu Ai‐Dong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe nonreciprocal property of quantum systems is crucial for chiral quantum networks. In this study, a phase‐controlled scheme is proposed to enhance the nonreciprocal quantum entanglement and optical transmission in a cavity optomechanical system by introducing a phase‐dependent unidirectional coupling between two whispering‐gallery‐mode (WGM) resonators. The Sagnac effect induced by the spinning resonator generates nonreciprocity, while the interference effect between direct evanescent coupling and indirect phase‐dependent unidirectional coupling significantly enhances entanglement under the anti‐Stokes sideband. For specific coupling phases, ideal nonreciprocity can be achieved in both entanglement and transmission. The proposed phase‐controlled nonreciprocity presented offers an effective strategy for constructing a unidirectional quantum channel and implementing an optical diode in chiral quantum networks, thereby opening up new possibilities for applications in quantum technologies.
Modified two‐scope technique for transbronchial lung cryobiopsy of peripheral pulmonary lesions
Authors: Kho Sze Shyang , Chai Chan Sin , Ismail Adam Malik 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBleeding mitigation is an important part of any transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC) procedure, either for interstitial lung disease (ILD) or peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPL). The two‐scope technique has been previously described for ILD and PPL‐TBLC, but it has its own limitations and technical and logistical complexities. In this case series, we describe a modified two‐scope technique that enhances the conventional two‐scope technique by maintaining a small equipment footprint and longer bronchoscopic vision without the need for intra‐procedure switching of bronchoscopes. Three cases of PPLs were navigated by standard radial endobronchial ultrasound and biopsied with the 1.1 mm flexible ultrathin cryoprobe. All cases achieved a conclusive diagnosis with adequate specimens for immunohistochemical staining and molecular analysis; only Grade 1 bleeding reported in two cases. The challenges and limitations of this modified two‐scope technique were also explored in this series.
Central limit theorem for linear eigenvalue statistics of the adjacency matrices of random simplicial complexes
Authors: Kanazawa Shu , Trinh Khanh Duy 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe study the adjacency matrix of the Linial–Meshulam complex model, which is a higher‐dimensional generalization of the Erdős–Rényi graph model. Recently, Knowles and Rosenthal proved that the empirical spectral distribution of the adjacency matrix is asymptotically given by Wigner's semicircle law in a diluted regime. In this article, we prove a central limit theorem for the linear eigenvalue statistics for test functions of polynomial growth that is of class on a closed interval. The proof is based on higher‐dimensional combinatorial enumerations and concentration properties of random symmetric matrices. Furthermore, when the test function is a polynomial function, we obtain the explicit formula for the variance of the limiting Gaussian distribution.
Applications of biotechnology for enhancing the shelf life of horticultural crops
Authors: Mihrete Tesfahun Belay , Workie Melkamu Alemayehu , Bogale Fenta Assefa 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHorticultural crops, encompassing fruits, vegetables, spices and herbs, play a critical role in providing nutrition and health‐promoting compounds. However, their limited storability challenges producers and exporters, resulting in significant postharvest losses. Traditional preservation methods like cold storage, controlled atmosphere storage and packaging techniques have been employed to prolong shelf life, but they have their constraints. Biotechnological interventions, notably genetic engineering, offer promising avenues to address these limitations. Genetic modifications target physiological processes such as ripening and ethylene production, enhancing resistance to postharvest diseases and improving nutritional profiles. For instance, genetically modified tomatoes with prolonged shelf life and reduced susceptibility to fungal infections showcase the potential of genetic engineering. Similarly, genetic modification has been successfully applied to various horticultural crops like apples, bananas and mushrooms, resulting in decreased browning and heightened disease resistance. Emerging technologies such as modified atmosphere packaging, edible coatings and nanoparticle treatments further augment efforts to extend shelf life. Despite their benefits, the debate surrounding genetically modified fruits and vegetables persists due to concerns regarding environmental impact, health implications and ethical considerations. This review offers insights into current practices and research endeavours aimed at enhancing the shelf life of horticultural crops through both traditional and biotechnological means, shedding light on opportunities and hurdles in this domain. Future directions include intensifying basic research to unravel molecular processes in harvested tissues, prioritising investigations that directly benefit consumers and developing sustainable and cost‐effective approaches for emerging technologies like modified atmosphere packaging, edible coatings and postharvest treatments.
Bridging the gap: Exploring urban resilience and sustainability in Finnish regional development
Authors: Hewidy Hossam , Eräranta Susa 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the dynamics of urban resilience (UR) and sustainability (US) in Finnish regional planning cultures, focusing on the Helsinki‐Uusimaa and Southwest Finland regions. It highlights the intertwined nature of UR and US, emphasizing the need for clearer distinctions to enhance planning effectiveness. Through comparative case studies, this research explores the role of institutional planning culture in shaping procedural resilience amidst complex socio‐environmental changes. It reveals resource constraints as critical challenges, influencing decision‐making and collaboration across governance levels. Additionally, it underscores the importance of long‐term commitment and integrated regional visions for fostering sustainable development beyond electoral cycles. The paper advocates for an integrated approach to regional development, emphasizing the significance of addressing power dynamics and economic resilience alongside environmental considerations. Overall, it calls for a nuanced understanding of resilience‐sustainability interlinkages to craft more effective and adaptive planning strategies.
Ultralow‐Energy‐Consumption Photosynaptic Transistor Utilizing Conjugated Polymers/Perovskite Quantum Dots Nanocomposites With Ligand Density Optimization
Authors: Tsai Cheng‐Hang , Chen Wei‐Cheng , Lin Yan‐Cheng , Huang Yu‐Hang , Lin Kai‐Wei , Wu Jing‐Yang , Satoh Toshifumi , Chen Wen‐Chang , Kuo Chi‐Ching 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe photosynaptic transistor stands as a promising contender for overcoming the von Neumann bottleneck in the realm of photo‐communication. In this context, photonic synaptic transistors is developed through a straightforward solution process, employing an organic semiconducting polymer with pendant‐naphthalene‐containing side chains (PDPPNA) in combination with ligand‐density‐engineered CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots (PQDs). This fabrication approach allows the devices to emulate fundamental synaptic behaviors, encompassing excitatory postsynaptic current, paired‐pulse facilitation, the transition from short‐to‐long‐term memory, and the concept of “learning experience.” Notably, the phototransistor, incorporating the blend of the PDPPNA and CsPbBr3 PQDs washed with ethyl acetate, achieved an exceptional memory ratio of 104. Simultaneously, the same device exhibited an impressive paired‐pulse facilitation ratio of 223% at a moderate operating voltage of −4 V and an extraordinarily low energy consumption of 0.215 aJ at an ultralow operating voltage of −0.1 mV. Consequently, these low‐voltage synaptic devices, constructed with a pendant side‐chain engineering of organic semiconductors and a ligand density engineering of PQDs through a simple fabrication process, exhibit substantial potential for replicating the visual memory capabilities of the human brain.