bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of masseter muscle hypertrophy with botulinum toxin type A injection: A review of adverse events
Authors: Nishikawa Ayaka , Aikawa Yoshiyuki , Kono Taro 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe popularity of noninvasive botulinum toxin type A (BTX‐A) injections for masseter muscle hypertrophy is increasing among Asian individuals with a square‐shaped lower face.AimsThis study aimed to analyze the adverse events (AEs) caused by BTX‐A injections into the masseter muscle.Patients/MethodsThis observational study retrospectively evaluated 46 250 patients who underwent BTX‐A injections into the masseter muscle in 2022. The inclusion criteria were the diagnosis of an AE by the physician at the return visit and subsequent follow‐up of progress (n = 223). The patients who were lost to follow‐up (n = 40) were excluded from the study.ResultsAmong the 223 patients with AEs, the most common AE was paradoxical bulging (88.3%, n = 197/223). The average period from treatment until confirmation of improvement was 159.6 ± 113.6 days (range 13–667 days) for all AEs, all of which were temporary. The period until improvement was 166.1 days in the intervention group (n = 122) and 151.9 days in the observation group (n = 101) (p = 0.24). As the period until improvement of AEs included the period until the patients visited the clinics and the improvements were confirmed by physicians, the actual period was likely to have been shorter.Conclusions(1) All AEs were temporary. (2) All AEs improved within 22.2 months (within 5.3 ± 3.8 months on average). (3) There was no significant difference between the intervention and observation groups in the period until the improvement of AEs.
Association of proteinuria at time of diagnosis with survival times in dogs with lymphoma
Authors: Skinner Stephanie M. , Specht Andrew J. , Cicchirillo Victoria , Fox‐Alvarez Stacey , Harris Autumn N. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundLymphoma has been implicated as a possible cause of proteinuria in dogs. However, information about the potential importance of proteinuria in dogs with lymphoma is limited.HypothesisTo determine if the presence of proteinuria at diagnosis was associated with median survival times in dogs with lymphoma and if lymphoma stage (I‐V) or type (B vs T) were associated with the presence of proteinuria.AnimalsEighty‐six client‐owned dogs with a new diagnosis of lymphoma between 2008 and 2020.MethodsThis was a retrospective cross‐sectional study with dogs divided into proteinuric or nonproteinuric groups based on dipstick urine protein (protein ≥30 mg/dL classified as proteinuric) or a ratio of dipstick protein to urine specific gravity (ratio ≥1.5 classified as proteinuric). Dogs were excluded for: (1) treatment within 2 months with glucocorticoid, anti‐neoplastic, or anti‐proteinuric therapies, (2) diagnosed hypercortisolism or renal lymphoma, (3) active urine sediment, or (4) urine pH >8. Survival analysis utilized a Kaplan‐Meier estimator and log‐rank testing.ResultsThere was a significant difference in median survival between proteinuric and nonproteinuric dogs classified by urine dipstick (245 days [91, 399] vs 335 days [214, 456]; P = .03) or UP : USG (237 days [158, 306] vs 304 days [173, 434]; P = .03). No difference in prevalence of proteinuria was identified between stages (I‐V) or types (B and T).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceProteinuria appears to be negatively associated with survival time in dogs newly diagnosed with lymphoma.
Elevated water temperature in combination with an increase in daylength stimulate a synchronized onset of spermatogenesis in male Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, L.) postsmolts
Authors: Pino‐Martinez Enrique , Kamlund Kari Anne , Balseiro Pablo , Kraugerud Marianne , Imsland Albert Kjartan Dagbjartarson , Handeland Sigurd O. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMale postsmolt maturation (“jacking”) is undesired in Atlantic salmon aquaculture due to economic and welfare impacts. Unfortunately, incidence of jacking has increased linked to intensive rearing conditions. This study subjected 1000 salmon (52.1 ± 5.2 g) to one of two temperatures (15, 12.5°C) and one of two photoperiods (constant light‐LL, a 5‐week LD12:12 winter signal regime‐WS) to assess their effects on spermatogenesis regulation. Indicators included testis histology images, mRNA transcription of gonadotropin receptors for follicle‐stimulating hormone (fshr) and luteinizing hormone (lhr), and of factors regulating spermatogenesis like anti‐Müllerian hormone (amh), gonadal‐soma‐derived factors 1 and 2 (gsdf1 and gsdf2), and insulin‐like growth factor‐3 (igf3). High temperature (15°C) induced early testis development processes irrespective of photoperiod, evidenced by presence of type B spermatogonia before clear increases in testis size or any transcriptional changes. The winter signal at 15°C caused a synchronized onset of spermatogenesis not present under constant light. This was evidenced by a pronounced downregulation of the spermatogenesis‐inhibiting factor amh and a clear upregulation in the stimulating factor igf3. Consequently, combining high temperatures with winter signal regimes pose risk; high temperature can stimulate early cellular/endocrine processes of spermatogenesis, which can later be synchronized in the population by an increase in daylength.
Beyond gatekeeping: Philosophical sources, Indigenous philosophy, and the Huarochirí Manuscript
Authors: Sanchez‐Perez Jorge 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper argues for a broad definition of philosophical sources and how Indigenous traditional knowledge fits that definition. It concludes by showing how, following the previous two points, an Indigenous document such as the Huarochirí Manuscript can be considered a philosophical source by academic philosophers. The paper has three sections: the first deals with the methodological point of addressing what can be considered as philosophy. This section presents a conversational approach to philosophy. This approach, although broad, properly captures the practices of inquiring about philosophical issues as is commonly done in Western academic circles, but without excluding the practices of non‐Western cultures from being labelled as philosophical. The second section argues for the analytical distinction between a philosophical source, a philosophical text, and a philosophical insight. It shows that what makes a philosophical source such are the philosophical insights that it can provide. The final section shows how the Huarochirí Manuscript has merits making it worthy of being considered a philosophical source and thus a relevant academic source for those working in the field of philosophy.
Evolution of glucuronoxylan side chain variability in vascular plants and the compensatory adaptations of cell wall–degrading hydrolases
Authors: Yu Li , Wilson Louis F. L. , Terrett Oliver M. , Wurman‐Rodrich Joel , Łyczakowski Jan J. , Yu Xiaolan , Krogh Kristian B. R. M. , Dupree Paul 
Published: July 2024

Summary

Polysaccharide structural complexity not only influences cell wall strength and extensibility but also hinders pathogenic and biotechnological attempts to saccharify the wall. In certain species and tissues, glucuronic acid side groups on xylan exhibit arabinopyranose or galactose decorations whose genetic and evolutionary basis is completely unknown, impeding efforts to understand their function and engineer wall digestibility.

Genetics and polysaccharide profiling were used to identify the responsible loci in Arabidopsis and Eucalyptus from proposed candidates, while phylogenies uncovered a shared evolutionary origin. GH30‐family endo‐glucuronoxylanase activities were analysed by electrophoresis, and their differing specificities were rationalised by phylogeny and structural analysis.

The newly identified xylan arabinopyranosyltransferases comprise an overlooked subfamily in the GT47‐A family of Golgi glycosyltransferases, previously assumed to comprise mainly xyloglucan galactosyltransferases, highlighting an unanticipated adaptation of both donor and acceptor specificities. Further neofunctionalisation has produced a Myrtaceae‐specific xylan galactosyltransferase. Simultaneously, GH30 endo‐glucuronoxylanases have convergently adapted to overcome these decorations, suggesting a role for these structures in defence. The differential expression of glucuronoxylan‐modifying genes across Eucalyptus tissues, however, hints at further functions.

Our results demonstrate the rapid adaptability of biosynthetic and degradative carbohydrate‐active enzyme activities, providing insight into plant–pathogen interactions and facilitating plant cell wall biotechnological utilisation.
Transcranial temporal interference stimulation (tTIS) influences event‐related alpha activity during mental rotation
Authors: Thiele Carsten , Rufener Katharina S. , Repplinger Stefan , Zaehle Tino , Ruhnau Philipp 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNon‐invasive brain stimulation techniques offer therapeutic potential for neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, current methods are often limited in their stimulation depth. The novel transcranial temporal interference stimulation (tTIS) aims to overcome this limitation by non‐invasively targeting deeper brain regions. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of tTIS in modulating alpha activity during a mental rotation task. The effects of tTIS were compared with transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) and a sham control. Participants were randomly assigned to a tTIS, tACS, or sham group. They performed alternating blocks of resting and mental rotation tasks before, during, and after stimulation. During the stimulation blocks, participants received 20 min of stimulation adjusted to their individual alpha frequency (IAF). We assessed shifts in resting state alpha power, event‐related desynchronization (ERD) of alpha activity during mental rotation, as well as resulting improvements in behavioral performance. Our results indicate tTIS and tACS to be effective in modulating cortical alpha activity during mental rotation, leading to an increase in ERD from pre‐ to poststimulation as well as compared to sham stimulation. However, this increase in ERD was not correlated with enhanced mental rotation performance, and resting state alpha power remained unchanged. Our findings underscore the complex nature of tTIS and tACS efficacy, indicating that stimulation effects are more observable during active cognitive tasks, while their impacts are less pronounced on resting neuronal systems.
Geography and legal expertise: The transgressive nature of research at the boundary of geography and law‐making
Authors: Jeffrey Alex , Brickell Katherine , McConnell Fiona 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWhile legal geographers have considered the geography of legal processes, there has been less attention on how geographers are contributing to the making of law. By orientating attention to the experiences and attitudes of the geographical profession, this paper examines how specific forms of knowledge become legally useful and the ensuing ethical, legal, and disciplinary implications. We are interested in the situated nature of these productions, as scholars seek to advocate for specific communities, interests, or environments, practices that are set within and, at times, against personal or institutional priorities. We argue that geographical legal work involves transgressing established professional practices and locations of knowledge production. Through our interviews with geographers, we explore three aspects of transgression as a situated practice: the experiences of boundary crossing, the costs and benefits of entering new epistemic communities, and the lasting impacts of intervening in legal processes. In conclusion, we outline the mechanisms through which geographical legal work could be better accommodated within the work of professional geographers.
Anastomosis of the caudal thoracic duct and intercostal vein using a microvascular anastomotic coupler device: Experimental study in six dogs
Authors: Welker Jamie L. , Hardie Robert J. , Weber Katherine A. , Loeber Samantha J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the technique for anastomosis of the caudal thoracic duct (TD) to the 10th or 11th intercostal vein (ICV) using a microvascular anastomotic coupler (MAC) device in dogs and assess patency of the anastomosis on days 0 and 30.Study designExperimental study.Sample populationSix adult Beagle dogs.MethodsUnder general anesthesia, fluoroscopic popliteal lymphangiography was performed and the TD identified. A right ninth or 10th intercostal thoracotomy was performed. Using an operating microscope, the TD and the 10th or 11th ICV were isolated, ligated, and anastomosed using a 1.5 or 2.0 mm MAC. Fluoroscopic popliteal lymphangiography was repeated immediately after surgery and on day 30.ResultsThe anastomosis was successful and lymphangiography documented flow into the azygos vein in all six dogs immediately after surgery. At day 30, the anastomosis was patent in four of six dogs. In two dogs, flow through the anastomosis was obstructed due to kinking of the ICV just cranial to the MAC.ConclusionAnastomosis of the TD and ICV using a MAC was feasible and was shown to maintain patency up to 30 days. When performing the anastomosis, care should be taken to ensure the ICV is not kinked by the MAC.Clinical significanceDirect anastomosis of the TD and ICV may have application for treatment of idiopathic chylothorax in dogs by maintaining flow from the abdominal lymphatics to the central venous circulation and thereby preventing the stimulus for collateral circulation and persistent chylous effusion. Further investigation is warranted to assess the efficacy of this technique in dogs affected with idiopathic chylothorax.
Psychological and functional outcomes of horizontal squint surgery in adults with no preoperative diplopia using Quality-of-Life AS-20 questionnaire
Authors: El Meshad Nervine , Soliman Haidy , Hunt Samantha , Amarakoon Saj , Ahmad Ahmad , Ford Rebecca , Harrad Richard , Choleva Vivi 
Published: July 2024

Background
Corrective squint surgery has a significant psychological impact, affecting both the quality of life and mental health of patients. This study highlights the quantitative and subjective assessment of both the psychological and functional outcomes of squint surgery in adults having horizontal strabismus with no preoperative diplopia using a Quality-Of-Life Adult Strabismus 20 (QOL AS-20) questionnaire.

Method
The study is a retrospective cohort study on patients with uncomplicated, horizontal squint; with no vertical deviation and was conducted as part of a departmental clinical audit. It also aimed to challenge local clinical commissioning group (CCG) funding restrictions for what they regarded as a ‘cosmetic procedure’. The QOL AS-20 questionnaires were completed before and 3 months after surgery and were analysed using the paired Wilcoxon signed rank t-test which showed significant improvement. A Freedom of Information Act request sought information on strabismus surgery funding restrictions from all CCGs to explore variations in perceptions throughout England.

Results
28 patients were included in the study. The overall success of squint surgery was 67.5%. The median QOL AS-20 questionnaire overall score increased from 28.125 to 88.75 (p value<0.00001), functional subscale from 46.25 to 87.5 (p value<0.00001) and psychological subscale from 15 to 90 (p value<0.00001).

Conclusion
Squint surgery in non-diplopic adults with horizontal squint surgery should be regarded as restorative of normal anatomy from a pathological state rather than a cosmetic procedure.
Restrictions to accessing this surgery may increase, especially during post-COVID-19. This patient-focused service evaluation demonstrates the substantial psychosocial benefits of such surgery, as evidenced through quality-of-life assessments.
Views and opinions of patients with glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration on vision home-monitoring: a UK-based focus group study
Authors: Dave Sonali , Rathore Mehal , Campbell Peter , Edgar David F , Crabb David P , Callaghan Tamsin , Jones Pete R 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveTo investigate the views, hopes and concerns of patients living with glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) regarding vision home-monitoring.DesignQualitative study using focus groups and questionnaires. Participants were given three disease-relevant home-monitoring tests to try. The tests consisted of three visual field tests for the glaucoma groups (Melbourne Rapid Fields, Eyecatcher, Visual Fields Fast) and three acuity and/or contrast-sensitivity tests for AMD groups (Alleye, PopCSF, SpotChecks). Focus group data were thematically analysed.SettingUniversity meeting rooms in London, UK.ParticipantsEight people with glaucoma (five women, median age 74) and seven people with AMD (four women, median age 77) volunteered through two UK-based charities. Participants were excluded if they did not self-report a diagnosis of glaucoma or AMD or if they lived further than a 1-hour travel distance from the university (to ensure minimal travel burden on participants).ResultsSix themes emerged from focus groups, the two most frequently referenced being: ‘concerns about home-monitoring’ and ‘patient and practitioner access to results’. Overall, participants believed home-monitoring could provide patients with a greater sense of control, but also expressed concerns, including: the possibility of home-monitoring replacing face-to-face appointments; the burden placed on clinicians by the need to process additional data; struggles to keep up with requisite technologies; and potential anxiety from seeing worrying results. Most devices were scored highly for usability, though several practical improvements were suggested.ConclusionPatients with mild-to-moderate glaucoma/AMD expect vision home-monitoring to be beneficial, but have significant concerns about its potential implementation.
Evaluating a model of best practice in primary care led post-diagnostic dementia care: feasibility and acceptability findings from the PriDem study
Authors: Griffiths Sarah , Spencer Emily , Flanagan Katie , O'Keeffe Aidan , Hunter Rachael , Wiegand Martin , D'Andrea Federica , Benjamin Lewis , Poole Marie , Hagan Alexander James , Brar M , Wilcock Jane , Walters Kate R , Robinson Louise , Rait Greta 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesTo evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a primary care-based intervention for improving post-diagnostic dementia care and support (PriDem), and implementation study procedures.DesignA non-randomised, mixed methods, feasibility study.SettingSeven general practices from four primary care networks (PCNs) in the Northeast and Southeast of England.ParticipantsWe aimed to recruit 80 people with dementia (PWD) and 66 carersInterventionClinical Dementia Leads delivered a 12-month intervention in participating PCNs, to develop care systems, build staff capacity and capability, and deliver tailored care and support to PWD and carers.OutcomesRecruitment and retention rates were measured. A mixed methods process evaluation evaluated feasibility and acceptability of the intervention and study procedures. Using electronic care records, researchers extracted service use data and undertook a dementia care plan audit, preintervention and postintervention, assessing feasibility of measuring the primary implementation outcome: adoption of personalised care planning by participating general practices. Participants completed quality of life, and service use measures at baseline, 4 and 9 months.Results60 PWD (75% of recruitment target) and 51 carers (77% of recruitment target) were recruited from seven general practices across four PCNs. Retention rate at 9 months was 70.0% of PWD and 76.5% of carers. The recruitment approach showed potential for including under-represented groups within dementia. Despite implementation challenges, the intervention was feasible and acceptable, and showed early signs of sustainability. Study procedures were feasible and accessible, although researcher capacity was crucial. Participants needed time and support to engage with the study. Care plan audit procedures were feasible and acceptable.ConclusionsThe PriDem model is an acceptable and feasible intervention. A definitive study is warranted to fully inform dementia care policy and personalised dementia care planning guidance. Successful strategies to support inclusion of PWD and their carers in future research were developed.Trial registration numberISRCTN11677384.
Uncovering the state of knowledge about healthcare gentrification: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Espinoza Suarez Nataly R , Loignon Christine , Dupere Sophie , Dufour Isabelle , Shareck Martine , Apparicio Philippe , Ouellet Julie , Pineault Justine , Amagnamoua Simone , Laferrière Marie-Claude , Wilson Isabelle 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionHealthcare gentrification is the process in which the distribution of healthcare resources within a neighbourhood affects residents' access to healthcare services. To understand the complexity of healthcare access and to consider the socio-structural dimensions affecting equity in access to care, we aim to explore how healthcare gentrification has been described in the scientific literature and to document the reported relations between gentrification and healthcare access.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a scoping review from data published from inception to September 2024 based on the methodology developed by Arksey and O'Malley (2005) and improved by Levacet al(2010). We will search the following databases: MEDLINE (OVID), Embase (embase.com), CINAHL Plus with Full Text (EBSCO), Web of Science and Geobase (Engineering Village). The review will be conducted from February 2024 to September 2024. The search strategy will be elaborated in conjunction with a professional librarian. Screening of titles and abstracts and full-text screening will be done in duplicates. A third reviewer will arbitrate discrepancies during the screening process. We will present our results narratively.Ethics and disseminationThis scoping review does not require ethical approval since it will be collected from publicly available documents. The results of this scoping review will also be presented as a scientific article, scientific conferences, research webinars also in social media, workshops and conferences organised by healthcare organisations or academic institutions or on any appropriate platform.