bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of a surgical site infection reduction strategy after colorectal resection
Authors: Connolly T. M. , Foppa C. , Kazi E. , Denoya P. I. , Bergamaschi R. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimThis study was performed to determine the impact of a surgical site infection (SSI) reduction strategy on SSI rates following colorectal resection.MethodAmerican College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) data from 2006–14 were utilized and supplemented by institutional review board‐approved chart review. The primary end‐point was superficial and deep incisional SSI. The inclusion criterion was colorectal resection. The SSI reduction strategy consisted of preoperative (blood glucose, bowel preparation, shower, hair removal), intra‐operative (prophylactic antibiotics, antimicrobial incisional drape, wound protector, wound closure technique) and postoperative (wound dressing technique) components. The SSI reduction strategy was prospectively implemented and compared with historical controls (pre‐SSI strategy arm). Statistical analysis included Pearson's chi‐square test, and Student's t‐test performed with spss software.ResultsOf 1018 patients, 379 were in the pre‐SSI strategy arm, 311 in the SSI strategy arm and 328 were included to test durability. The study arms were comparable for all measured parameters. Preoperative wound class, operation time, resection type and stoma creation did not differ significantly. The SSI strategy arm demonstrated a significant decrease in overall SSI rates (32.19% vs 18.97%) and superficial SSI rates (23.48% vs 8.04%). Deep SSI and organ space rates did not differ. A review of patients testing durability demonstrated continued improvement in overall SSI rates (8.23%).ConclusionThe implementation of an SSI reduction strategy resulted in a 41% decrease in SSI rates following colorectal resection over its initial 3 years, and its durability as demonstrated by continuing improvement was seen over an additional 2 years.
The Importance of Shareholder Activism: The Case of Say‐on‐Pay
Authors: Stathopoulos Konstantinos , Voulgaris Georgios 
Published: October 2015

AbstractManuscript TypeReviewResearch Question/IssueThis study focuses on the role of Say‐on‐Pay as a mechanism that aims to promote the efficiency of corporate governance by providing an additional channel for the expression of shareholder “voice.” Initially introduced in the UK, Say‐on‐Pay has subsequently been adopted in a large number of countries and it has recently received significant attention from regulators, media, and the general public. The purpose of this study is to review prior literature related to Say‐on‐Pay and its impact on firm value and corporate decision making.Research Findings/InsightsOur study highlights the interdisciplinary nature of research on Say‐on‐Pay. We also shed light on conceptual gaps and empirical discrepancies in prior studies, indicating that many questions linked to Say‐on‐Pay and its importance for the executive pay‐setting process remain largely unanswered.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsAt a theoretical level, we highlight potential areas for development of the existing theoretical framework for Say‐on‐Pay, which is at present rather limited and primarily influenced by agency theory. At an empirical level, we propose a substantial number of avenues for fruitful future research on this topic.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsIn the light of recent proposals for extending the role of Say‐on‐Pay within the corporate governance framework, our findings are particularly relevant to regulators. More thought is needed about changing its nature from advisory to binding, as the degree of its effectiveness and the dynamics of the voting process are still unclear. Our study could also be informative for the media and the general public, especially given the increasing attention afforded to Say‐on‐Pay.
Orange: A Service Design Case Study
Authors: Polaine Andy , Løvlie Lavrans , Reason Ben 
Published: October 2015

The majority of products that we encounter are actually part of a larger service network. In some cases, those touchpoints have been designed. But in many cases, they have just happened organically, with no thought for the whole picture. That's where service design comes in.This case study explores what happens when a company integrates service experience into its strategy at the outset, rather than leaving it until later.
Step Away from the Projector: Storytelling Through Experiences
Authors: Mathew Anijo Punnen , Erwin Kim 
Published: October 2015

The “transfer” model of communication sees the message as a discrete package, to be opened by a receiver whose knowledge and background are perceived to be essentially the same as those of the message's originator. Guess what? That's not how communication works.The presenter reads the slides; the listeners check their email. There's got to be a better way to get the message across.
Q&A
Authors: Schupbach Jason , Turner Raymond , Steinberg Marco 
Published: October 2015

The NEA's design director chats about industrial design, its practitioners, and the value of the field to the US economy.With 40 years of experience as a designer, design manager, consultant, and writer (a review of his book, Design Leadership, appears on page 47), this professional works with companies to secure strategic value from their design investments.Governments aren't set up to innovate; they're set up to administer. But this strategic consultant helps them see how design can make them better at doing both.
Implementing Comprehensive Teacher Training in Business Doctoral Programs
Authors: Brightman Harvey J. , Nargundkar Satish 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThe advent of digital course offerings, the use of social media, the integration of the Khan Academy into curricula, the use of smart phones and tablets, and massive online courses place greater emphasis than ever on effective teaching. While business schools fund faculty development in teaching, too few doctoral programs offer systematic teacher training. We discuss the lack of, and the need for, comprehensive teacher‐training programs. We present the Robinson College of Business model and offer recommendations on how to get started. It is time for PhD programs to certify that their students are capable of teaching upon graduation.
Credit Default Swaps: Risk Hedge or Financial Weapon of Mass Destruction?
Authors: Sharma Shalendra D. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCredit default swaps (CDSs) are contracts between buyers and sellers of protection against default. They are a form of debt insurance, or more precisely derivatives contracts that investors buy to either insure against or profit from a default. In this way CDS contracts act as a form of debt insurance in that they provide a means of protection against credit risk. In the aftermath of the global financial crisis, the CDS earned the reputation of a ‘financial weapon of mass destruction’. Why? Is this charge justified? This paper shows that the reality is more complex: CDSs carry benefit as well as costs, and the risks associated with them can be mitigated through prudent supervision.
Homology of the enigmatic nuchal bone reveals novel reorganization of the shoulder girdle in the evolution of the turtle shell
Authors: Lyson Tyler R. , Bhullar Bhart‐Anjan S. , Bever Gabe S. , Joyce Walter G. , de Queiroz Kevin , Abzhanov Arhat , Gauthier Jacques A. 
Published: October 2015

SUMMARYThe turtle shell represents a unique modification of the ancestral tetrapod body plan. The homologies of its approximately 50 bones have been the subject of debate for more than 200 years. Although most of those homologies are now firmly established, the evolutionary origin of the dorsal median nuchal bone of the carapace remains unresolved. We propose a novel hypothesis in which the nuchal is derived from the paired, laterally positioned cleithra—dorsal elements of the ancestral tetrapod pectoral girdle that are otherwise retained among extant tetrapods only in frogs. This hypothesis is supported by origin of the nuchal as paired, mesenchymal condensations likely derived from the neural crest followed by a unique two‐stage pattern of ossification. Further support is drawn from the establishment of the nuchal as part of a highly conserved “muscle scaffold” wherein the cleithrum (and its evolutionary derivatives) serves as the origin of the Musculus trapezius. Identification of the nuchal as fused cleithra is congruent with its general spatial relationships to other elements of the shoulder girdle in the adult morphology of extant turtles, and it is further supported by patterns of connectivity and transformations documented by critical fossils from the turtle stem group. The cleithral derivation of the nuchal implies an anatomical reorganization of the pectoral girdle in which the dermal portion of the girdle was transformed from a continuous lateral‐ventral arc into separate dorsal and ventral components. This transformation involved the reduction and eventual loss of the scapular rami of the clavicles along with the dorsal and superficial migration of the cleithra, which then fused with one another and became incorporated into the carapace.
Predicting Sirex noctilio and S. nigricornis emergence using degree days
Authors: Haavik Laurel J. , Meeker James R. , Johnson Wood , Ryan Kathleen , Turgeon Jean J. , Allison Jeremy D. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe study of temporal interactions between native insects and alien invaders can be facilitated by the ability to forecast adult emergence. We used field‐collected adult emergence data of Sirex noctilio Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Siricidae), a woodwasp native of Eurasia that has recently invaded northeastern North America, and Sirex nigricornis Fabricius, a woodwasp native to North America, to develop and test cumulative degree‐day (CDD) models. Five data sets were collected each in Ontario, Canada (S. noctilio) and Louisiana, USA (S. nigricornis) over 4 years; three data sets were used to develop models and two were used to test them. Males and females of each species were modelled separately. After testing several potential temperatures, chosen thresholds for CDD were 0 °C lower threshold and 25 °C upper threshold for both Sirex spp. We used a three‐parameter Gompertz growth function to model Sirex spp. emergence against CDD. Models predicted 10% emergence of S. noctilio in Ontario after 1 239 and 1 280 CDD, for males (start date = 1 April; R2 = 0.91) and females (start date = 1 April; R2 = 0.86), respectively. Models predicted 10% emergence of S. nigricornis in Louisiana after 3 980 and 5 016 CDD, for males (start date = 1 May; R2 = 0.83) and females (start date = 1 March; R2 = 0.73), respectively. Cumulative degree‐day models predicted 10 and 90% emergence of woodwasp populations with less error (1–13%) than they did 50% emergence (5–27%). For both Sirex spp., male emergence began a few days before and concluded at about the same time as that of females. In southern Ontario, models predict that S. noctilio adults will be in flight between 1 015 and 2 430 CDD (1 April start date for CDD; from early‐July until mid‐September). In Louisiana, models predict that S. nigricornis adults will be in flight between 3 854 and 4 700 CDD (1 May start date for CDD; from early‐October until late‐November).
Patient‐reported experience of bleeding events in haemophilia
Authors: Flood Emuella , Pocoski Jennifer , Michaels Lisa A. , McCoy Anne , Beusterien Kathleen , Sasanè Rahul 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundPatients with haemophilia experience bleeds because of absent or reduced clotting factor. The study objective was to understand the bleeding experience from the patients' perspective.Materials and methodsIndividuals with moderate/severe haemophilia participated in interviews and were asked to describe their most recent bleeding experience, including symptoms, signs of onset, impacts, when bleeding stopped and treatment effectiveness. Interview transcripts were analysed using a thematic analysis involving the coding of transcripts to identify key concepts and themes.ResultsTwenty males [10 adults, mean age = 41 (19–52); 10 adolescents, mean age = 13 (12–17)] with moderate (n = 5) or severe (n = 15) haemophilia participated. Symptoms signalling bleed onset included pain, swelling, stiffness, tingling/numbness and/or warmth. Participants reported feeling anger and frustration due to the unpredictable nature, pain and inconvenience of the episode. Adults sometimes reported delaying treatment due to inconvenience or cost; adolescents generally treated right away. Reported bleed severity was influenced by pain level, speed of symptom progression, location, continued use of the affected area, recurrence in same location of recent bleed and treatment delay. Participants reported that it was ‘easy' to know when the bleed had stopped. Participants reported that symptoms might linger for days before they returned back to ‘normal'.ConclusionsThis qualitative study details the substantial impact of an acute bleed from the patient perspective. Given that treatment was reported to be delayed in part due to inconvenience, more convenient treatment options could help reduce delays in treating bleeds and thereby minimise bleed‐related impacts. Clinical studies in haemophilia should include validated patient‐reported measurements of acute symptoms and bleed severity to comprehensively assess the bleeding event.
Beyond ‘Don't Be Evil’: The European Union GSP+ Trade Preference Scheme and the Incentivisation of the Sri Lankan Garment Industry to Foster Human Rights
Authors: Yap James 
Published: October 2015

AbstractOrthodox discourse on business and human rights tends to conceive of the human rights responsibility of corporations in terms of minimising the negative human rights impacts of their own activities, as opposed to exerting a net positive effect on human rights. On 15 August 2010, however, Sri Lanka's access to the EU's Generalized System of Preferences (GSP)+ trade incentives was withdrawn for reasons relating to that country's human rights record, creating an actual positive economic incentive for Sri Lankan businesses to actively engage the government on its human rights record. In this context, the author explores the potential for the Sri Lankan garment industry, which is highly dependent on exports to the EU, to effect positive human rights change in Sri Lanka.
Granting the Right to Vote for the European Parliament to Resident Third‐Country Nationals: Civic Citizenship Revisited
Authors: Schrauwen Annette 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe EU grants rights to third‐country nationals (TCNs) and strives to approximate their rights to those of Union citizens. Up to now, the approximation has extended to social and economic matters. This article investigates whether political rights, notably voting rights for the European Parliament (EP), should also be approximated. To this end, the analysis applies Dahl's democratic principles of ‘coercion’ and ‘all affected interests’ as well as Bauböck's principle of ‘stakeholding’ to the position of TCNs in the EU. Against that background, it explores the relevance of arguments for and against granting TCNs the right to vote in European elections and submits that voting rights should be granted to long‐term resident TCNs. The author then proposes including TCN voting rights in the legal framework for EP elections and concludes by suggesting the use of the concept of civic citizenship to express political approximation of TCNs to EU citizens.
Free Movement of Goods and Property Law
Authors: Akkermans Bram , Ramaekers Eveline 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAlthough usually considered a national competence, there is an effect of internal market law on property law. When a property right is validly created in one Member State and the object on which it rests is moved to another Member State, an internal market dimension arises. Such has been the case in the ECJ's Krantz decision 25 years ago, dealing with the question on whether the rules allowing a seizure of goods owned by someone else in another Member State and leading to a potential loss of right is in conformity with EU law. More than 25 years have passed and our thinking about the internal market as well as the free movement case‐law has changed significantly. A re‐examination of this decision leads to a different conclusion: the refusal to recognise property rights validly created in another Member State violates the free movement of goods under Article 34 TFEU.
Juxtaposition between host population structures: implications for disease transmission in a sympatric cervid community
Authors: Vander Wal Eric , Edye Iain , Paquet Paul C. , Coltman David W. , Bayne Erin , Brook Ryan K. , Andrés José A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSympatric populations of phylogenetically related species are often vulnerable to similar communicable diseases. Although some host populations may exhibit spatial structure, other hosts within the community may have unstructured populations. Thus, individuals from unstructured host populations may act as interspecific vectors among discrete subpopulations of sympatric alternate hosts. We used a cervid‐bovine tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis) system to investigate the landscape‐scale potential for bovine tuberculosis transmission within a nonmigratory white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and elk (Cervus canadensis) community. Using landscape population genetics, we tested for genetic and spatial structure in white‐tailed deer. We then compared these findings with the sympatric elk population that is structured and which has structure that correlates spatially and genetically to physiognomic landscape features. Despite genetic structure that indicates the white‐tailed deer population forms three sympatric clusters, the absence of spatial structure suggested that intraspecific pathogen transmission is not likely to be limited by physiognomic landscape features. The potential for intraspecific transmission among subpopulations of elk is low due to spatial population structure. Given that white‐tailed deer are abundant, widely distributed, and exhibit a distinct lack of spatial population structure, white‐tailed deer likely pose a greater threat as bovine tuberculosis vectors among elk subpopulations than elk.
Evaluation of ataxia in the horse
Authors: Alcott C. J. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryAtaxia in the horse is a common clinical presentation requiring a methodical approach for accurate neurolocalisation. Observed neurological deficiencies should support a localised single aetiology whenever possible. Relevant differential diagnoses should be considered based on the case history and localisation. Diagnostic strategies can then be applied relative to disease risk.
Parental Incarceration as a Risk Factor for Children in Homeless Families
Authors: Casey Erin C. , Shlafer Rebecca J. , Masten Ann S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe current study aimed to describe the prevalence of children of incarcerated parents (COIP) in a sample of homeless/highly mobile children, examine the relationship between parental incarceration and other risk factors, and investigate the effect of parental incarceration on child academic and mental health outcomes. The authors compared COIP (n = 45) to children whose parents were never incarcerated (n = 93) within a sample of 138, 4‐ to 7‐year‐old ethnically diverse children residing in emergency homeless shelters. Children's caregivers provided information about children's history of parental incarceration and other family experiences. Children's teachers reported academic and mental health outcomes in the subsequent school year. Compared to children with no history of parental incarceration, COIP experienced more negative life events. Regression models revealed that a history of parental incarceration was a significant predictor of teacher‐reported internalizing problems. These results have implications for the identification and treatment of the highest risk homeless/highly mobile children.
Design of composite inhibitors targeting glutamate carboxypeptidase II: the importance of effector functionalities
Authors: Novakova Zora , Cerny Jiri , Choy Cindy J. , Nedrow Jessie R. , Choi Joeseph K. , Lubkowski Jacek , Berkman Clifford E. , Barinka Cyril 
Published: October 2015

Inhibitors targeting human glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) typically consist of a P1′ glutamate‐derived binding module, which warrants the high affinity and specificity, linked to an effector function that is positioned within the entrance funnel of the enzyme. Here we present a comprehensive structural and computational study aimed at dissecting the importance of the effector function for GCPII binding and affinity. To this end we determined crystal structures of human GCPII in complex with a series of phosphoramidate‐based inhibitors harboring effector functions of diverse physicochemical characteristics. Our data show that higher binding affinities of phosphoramidates, compared to matching phosphonates, are linked to the presence of additional hydrogen bonds between Glu424 and Gly518 of the enzyme and the amide group of the phosphoramidate. While the positioning of the P1′ glutamate‐derived module within the S1′ pocket of GCPII is invariant, interaction interfaces between effector functions and residues lining the entrance funnel are highly varied, with the positively charged arginine patch defined by Arg463, Arg534 and Arg536 being the only ‘hot‐spot’ common to several studied complexes. This variability stems in part from the fact that the effector/GCPII interfaces generally encompass isolated areas of nonpolar residues within the entrance funnel and resulting van der Waals contacts lack the directionality typical for hydrogen bonding interactions. The presented data unravel a complexity of binding modes of inhibitors within non‐prime site(s) of GCPII and can be exploited for the design of novel GCPII‐specific compounds.PDB ID codesAtomic coordinates of the present structures together with the experimental structure factor amplitudes were deposited at the RCSB Protein Data Bank under accession codes 4P44 (complex with JRB‐4‐81), 4P45 (complex with JRB‐4‐73), 4P4B (complex with CTT54), 4P4D (complex with MP1C), 4P4E (complex with MP1D), 4P4F (complex with NC‐2‐40), 4P4I (complex with T33) and 4P4J (complex with T33D).
Do Firms Use M&A Business to Pay for Analyst Coverage?
Authors: Sibilkov Valeriy , Straska Miroslava , Waller H. Gregory 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe find that acquirers in merger and acquisition (M&A) transactions are more likely to hire as advisors investment banks that provided analyst coverage for the acquirer prior to the transaction. We also find that compared to a matched control group of banks, the advisor banks are less likely to terminate and more likely to initiate analyst coverage of the acquirer after the transaction. Finally, the advisor banks that initiate coverage after the transaction collect higher fees. These findings suggest that firms value analyst coverage and use M&A advisor appointments and advisor fees to compensate for it.