bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the lacrimal sac with involvement of maxillary sinus: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Sadhar Birkaran , Slupek David , Steehler Andrew , Denne Carter , Steehler Kirk 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Primary lacrimal sac lymphoma is a rare condition, often presenting with nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Herein, we present a unique case of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) involving the lacrimal sac, maxillary sinus, and infraorbital nerve. Prompt diagnosis via biopsy is essential for timely treatment and the prevention of tumor progression. A 66-year-old female presented with intractable epiphora, infraorbital nerve hypesthesia, and medial canthal swelling. Imaging revealed a soft tissue mass in the right maxillary sinus extending into the right inferior orbit and nasal cavity. A biopsy confirmed DLBCL, prompting systemic chemotherapy. Residual disease prompted high-dose involved-site radiation, resulting in tumor regression. To our knowledge, this is the first case of primary DLBCL of the lacrimal sac with concurrent involvement of the maxillary sinus and infraorbital nerve. This case underscores the significance of lacrimal sac biopsy in refractory dacryocystitis or unilateral sinus disease and the effectiveness of multimodal treatment approaches in managing DLBCL.
Robotic-assisted repair of an anterior diaphragmatic hernia secondary to Xiphoidectomy
Authors: Skogsberg Amanda , Porter Allison 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Anterior diaphragmatic hernias manifest when a diaphragmatic defect permits abdominal contents to enter the thoracic cavity. They may be congenital or acquired; when acquired, the typical etiology is traumatic injury. Without treatment, they risk incarceration or strangulation. A 55-year-old male with a history of xiphoidectomy during sternotomy for cardiac disease was incidentally found to have an anterior diaphragmatic hernia on a screening chest CT (computed tomography) scan. He developed gastric obstruction shortly after an outpatient surgical consultation. He was admitted to the hospital, and further workup revealed a right-sided type-4 diaphragmatic hernia with an incarcerated colon, antrum, and pylorus. Nasogastric decompression was performed, followed by robotic-assisted transabdominal preperitoneal (r-TAPP) repair with mesh. He recovered without complications. There are currently no reports in the literature of an anterior diaphragmatic hernia secondary to a xiphoidectomy. This case demonstrates the successful use of r-TAPP for this rare presentation of an anterior diaphragmatic hernia.
Evaluating Item Response Format and Content Using Partial Credit Trees in Scale Development
Authors: Asamoah Nana Amma Berko , Turner Ronna C , Lo Wen-Juo , Crawford Brandon L , McClelland Sara , Jozkowski Kristen N 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The type of response options selected for items on a survey, along with how many response options to include and whether to allow neutral midpoints, impacts data obtained from survey collections and the interpretations made using the results. Further, if subgroups within a population (e.g., racial/ethnic, gender, age) interpret response options differently, this variance can artificially inflate non-significant differences or mask true differences between groups. In this study, we apply two recursive partitioning procedures for investigating differential item functioning (DIF) in an experiment evaluating seven item response formats (five levels of an agree–disagree [AD] format and two levels of an item-specific [IS] format). Partial credit tree procedures allow for the evaluation of multiple covariates without prespecifying subgroups to be compared. We applied the procedures to items measuring adults’ attitudes toward legal abortion and all response formats functioned without DIF for age, gender, race, education, and religion when evaluated using global DIF screening approaches. Item-focused analyses indicated that odd-numbered response formats were less susceptible to content-based DIF. The combination of psychometric properties indicated that five-point AD and IS formats may be preferable for abortion attitude measurement based on the screening procedures conducted in this study.
Exploring the Origins and Evolution of Oxygenic and Anoxygenic Photosynthesis in Deeply Branched Cyanobacteriota
Authors: Tan Sha , Liu Lan , Jiao Jian-Yu , Li Meng-Meng , Hu Chao-Jian , Lv Ai-Ping , Qi Yan-Ling , Li Yu-Xian , Rao Yang-Zhi , Qu Yan-Ni , Jiang Hong-Chen , Soo Rochelle M , Evans Paul N , Hua Zheng-Shuang , Li Wen-Jun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Cyanobacteriota, the sole prokaryotes capable of oxygenic photosynthesis (OxyP), occupy a unique and pivotal role in Earth's history. While the notion that OxyP may have originated from Cyanobacteriota is widely accepted, its early evolution remains elusive. Here, by using both metagenomics and metatranscriptomics, we explore 36 metagenome-assembled genomes from hot spring ecosystems, belonging to two deep-branching cyanobacterial orders: Thermostichales and Gloeomargaritales. Functional investigation reveals that Thermostichales encode the crucial thylakoid membrane biogenesis protein, vesicle-inducing protein in plastids 1 (Vipp1). Based on the phylogenetic results, we infer that the evolution of the thylakoid membrane predates the divergence of Thermostichales from other cyanobacterial groups and that Thermostichales may be the most ancient lineage known to date to have inherited this feature from their common ancestor. Apart from OxyP, both lineages are potentially capable of sulfide-driven AnoxyP by linking sulfide oxidation to the photosynthetic electron transport chain. Unexpectedly, this AnoxyP capacity appears to be an acquired feature, as the key gene sqr was horizontally transferred from later-evolved cyanobacterial lineages. The presence of two D1 protein variants in Thermostichales suggests the functional flexibility of photosystems, ensuring their survival in fluctuating redox environments. Furthermore, all MAGs feature streamlined phycobilisomes with a preference for capturing longer-wavelength light, implying a unique evolutionary trajectory. Collectively, these results reveal the photosynthetic flexibility in these early-diverging cyanobacterial lineages, shedding new light on the early evolution of Cyanobacteriota and their photosynthetic processes.
Impact of an Intervention Program on Clostridioides difficile Infections: Comparison of 2 Hospital Cohorts
Authors: Kamel Sara , Corbacho-Loarte María Dolores , Escudero-Sánchez Rosa , Halperin Ana , Llorente Sergio , Quevedo Sara María , Suárez-Carantoña Cecilia , del Campo Laura , Hernández María Soledad , Guillen Santiago Moreno , Cobo Javier 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) occurs in various contexts and care settings and is managed by multiple specialists who are not experts in its management. While there are many initiatives to improve the diagnosis and avoid overdiagnosis, there is less focus on the overall management of the infection.

Methods
We studied a cohort of patients with a positive test result for toxigenic C difficile in 2 hospitals. Hospital A has a program that provides advice from an infectious disease specialist (IDS) and promotes continuity of care by providing a phone number to contact the IDS. Hospital B does not have any specific CDI program. The evaluation assessed the proportion of patients not treated (carriers or self-limited disease), adherence to Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines, access to novel therapies, recurrence and mortality rates, and readmission and emergency department visits due to CDI. We assessed the program's effectiveness through a logistic regression model adjusted for covariates chosen by clinical criteria.

Results
Hospital A avoided more unnecessary treatments (19.3% vs 11.5%), provided access to novel therapies more frequently (35.3% vs 13%), and adhered more closely to current guidelines (95.8% vs 71.3%). Although the mortality and recurrence rates did not differ, the absence of an intervention program was associated with greater odds of admission due to recurrence (odds ratio, 4.19; P = .037) and more visits to the emergency department due to CDI (odds ratio, 8.74; P = .001).

Conclusions
Implementation of a CDI intervention program based on recommendations from IDSs and improved access to specialized care during the follow-up is associated with enhanced quality of CDI management and potential reductions in hospital resource utilization.
Safety of Antiretroviral Exposure During Pregnancy: Opportunities to Close Data Gaps
Authors: Short William R , Miller Emily S , Simone Joanne , Statton Anne , Finocchario-Kessler Sarah , Lampe Margaret 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Pregnant persons with chronic health conditions often require pharmacotherapy to remain healthy. The Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry is a prospective, international, voluntary, and exposure registry that collects information on antiretroviral (ARV) exposure; however, a minority of providers use the registry, leaving critical gaps to guide prescribing in this population. The Task Force for the Elimination of Perinatal HIV Transmission in the United States, funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, has identified the monitoring of ARV safety as a paramount concern in the ongoing mission to eliminate perinatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. As active members of this task force, we urge all healthcare providers who care for pregnant individuals to prioritize reporting all ARV exposures to the registry.
Instability and inequality in the British state
Authors: Diamond Patrick , Newman Jack 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe UK state has been through many periods of perceived crisis, but the instability of the last decade has shaken some of the foundational institutions of British politics. Our main argument is that the rise of political instability relates to the failure of British politics to respond to structural inequality in society and politics. This includes growing economic and geographic disparities, as well as destabilizing divisions over long-standing social injustices. The infusion of these trends into the political process is the subject of the ‘asymmetric power model (APM)’, which acts as the theoretical underpinning of this paper and the special issue it introduces. In this editorial to the Parliamentary Affairs Special Issue on ‘Instability and inequality in the British state’, we elaborate these arguments and provide a brief overview of the eight papers in the issue, which cover the APM, the constitution, the UK Union, the Conservative Party, public policymaking, gender inequalities, intersectional inequalities, and geographical inequalities. Together, the papers identify the causes and features of the UK’s troubling inequality-instability dialectic and offer various practical and theoretical ways forward.
Thermomorphogenesis of the Arabidopsis thaliana Root: Flexible Cell Division, Constrained Elongation and the Role of Cryptochrome
Authors: Zimmermann Maura J , Jathar Vikram D , Baskin Tobias I 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Understanding how plants respond to temperature is relevant for agriculture in a warming world. Responses to temperature in the shoot have been characterized more fully than those in the root. Previous work on thermomorphogenesis in roots established that for Arabidopsis thaliana (Columbia) seedlings grown continuously at a given temperature, the root meristem produces cells at the same rate at 15°C as at 25°C and the root’s growth zone is the same length. To uncover the pathway(s) underlying this constancy, we screened 34 A. thaliana genotypes for parameters related to growth and division. No line failed to respond to temperature. Behavior was little affected by mutations in phytochrome or other genes that underly thermomorphogenesis in shoots. However, a mutant in cryptochrome 2 was disrupted substantially in both cell division and elongation, specifically at 15°C. Among the 34 lines, cell production rate varied extensively and was associated only weakly with root growth rate; in contrast, parameters relating to elongation were stable. Our data are consistent with models of root growth that invoke cell non-autonomous regulation for establishing boundaries between meristem, elongation zone and mature zone.
Spring resting egg production of the calanoid copepod, Eurytemora affinis, in a freshet-dominated estuary
Authors: Breckenridge Joanne , Pakhomov Evgeny 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Seasonal peaks in river discharge, such as snowmelt-dominated freshets, are predictable events that can have a large effect on flushing rates and salinity in estuaries. Resting eggs, which many coastal and estuarine copepods produce for overwintering or aestivation, could also serve to bridge predictable peaks in river discharge. We assessed the timing of resting egg production of the egg-carrying estuarine copepod, Eurytemora affinis (Poppe), in relation to river discharge in the Fraser River Estuary, Canada. Approximately 30 field-collected females were individually incubated on 12 occasions over the period February 2015–May 2016. Eurytemora affinis abundance and population structure were investigated from vertical net tow samples collected twice monthly to monthly. Resting eggs occurred primarily in May 2015 and May 2016 (6.5 and 9.2 eggs day−1, respectively), a month prior to peak flows, and the proportion of offspring that were resting eggs increased with river discharge. Eurytemora affinis reached a minimum abundance in July 2015, when the population was dominated by adults (86%). Resting egg production in E. affinis is typically considered an overwintering mechanism but we suggest that the ultimate driver of resting egg production in this population is avoidance of flushing and/or low salinities.
Development of a measuring app for systemic sclerosis-related digital ulceration (SALVE: Scleroderma App for Lesion VErification)
Authors: Davison Adrian K , Krishan Ashma , New Robert P , Murray Andrea , Dinsdale Graham , Manning Joanne , Hall Frances , Pauling John D , Vail Andy , Kearney Kathryn , Patrick Helen , Hughes Michael , Dixon William , Dickinson Mark , Taylor Chris , Herrick Ariane L 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To test the hypothesis that photographs (in addition to self-reported data) can be collected daily by patients with SSc using a smartphone app designed specifically for digital lesions, and could provide an objective outcome measure for use in clinical trials.

Methods
An app was developed to collect images and patient-reported outcome measures including Pain score and the Hand Disability in Systemic Sclerosis-Digital Ulcers (HDISS-DU) questionnaire. Participants photographed their lesion(s) each day for 30 days and uploaded images to a secure repository. Lesions were analysed both manually and automatically, using a machine learning approach.

Results
Twenty-five patients with SSc-related digital lesions consented, of whom 19 completed the 30-day study, with evaluable data from 27 lesions. Mean (s.d.) baseline Pain score was 5.7 (2.4) and HDISS-DU 2.2 (0.9), indicating high lesion- and disease-related morbidity. A total of 506 images were used in the analysis [mean number of used images per lesion 18.7 (s.d. 8.3)]. Mean (s.d.) manual and automated lesion areas at day 1 were 11.6 (16.0) and 13.9 (16.7) mm2, respectively. Manual area decreased by 0.08 mm2 per day (2.4 mm2 over 30 days) and automated area by 0.1 mm2 (3.0 mm2 over 30 days). Average gradients of manual and automated measurements over 30 days correlated strongly (r = 0.81). Manual measurements were on average 40% lower than automated ones, with wide limits of agreement.

Conclusion
Even patients with significant hand disability were able to use the app. Automated measurement of finger lesions could be valuable as an outcome measure in clinical trials.
Magnetic resonance imaging to monitor disease activity in giant cell arteritis treated with ultra-short glucocorticoids and tocilizumab
Authors: Christ Lisa , Bonel Harald M , Cullmann Jennifer L , Seitz Luca , Bütikofer Lukas , Wagner Franca , Villiger Peter M 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesMRI is well established for diagnosing GCA. Its role in monitoring disease activity has yet to be determined. We investigated vascular and musculoskeletal inflammation using MRI in the patients of the GUSTO trial to assess the utility of MRI in monitoring disease activity.MethodsEighteen patients with newly diagnosed GCA received 500 mg methylprednisolone intravenously for three consecutive days followed by tocilizumab monotherapy from day 3 until week 52. Cranial, thoracic and abdominal MRI exams were performed at baseline (active, new-onset disease), and at weeks 24, 52 (remission on-treatment) and 104 (remission off-treatment). MRI findings typical for PMR as well as extent and severity of vasculitic disease were rated.ResultsIn total, 673 vascular segments and 943 musculoskeletal regions in 55 thoracic/abdominal MRI and 490 vascular segments in 49 cranial MRI scans of 18 patients were analysed. Vasculitic vessels were still detectable in one in four cranial segments at week 24. At weeks 52 and 104, no cranial vascular segment showed a vasculitic manifestation. Large vessels, except for the ascending aorta, and PMR displayed little or no decrease in inflammatory findings over time.ConclusionVasculitic manifestations in the cranial vessels normalized after 52 weeks of treatment, whereas large vessel and PMR findings persisted despite lasting full remission. The dynamics of cranial vessel signals suggest that MRI of these arteries might qualify as a potential diagnostic tool for monitoring disease activity and for detecting relapse after 52 weeks of treatment.
Immunosuppressives discontinuation after renal response in lupus nephritis: predictors of flares, time to withdrawal and long-term outcomes
Authors: Panagiotopoulos Alexandros , Kapsia Eleni , Michelakis Ioannis El , Boletis John , Marinaki Smaragdi , Sfikakis Petros P , Tektonidou Maria G 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The optimal duration of immunosuppressive (IS) treatment for lupus nephritis (LN) remains uncertain. We assessed the prevalence and predictors of IS tapering and discontinuation (D/C) in LN patients.

Methods
Data from 137 inception cohort LN patients were analysed. We examined determinants of flares during tapering and after IS D/C, D/C achievement and time to D/C, and adverse long-term outcomes applying logistic and linear regression models.

Results
IS tapering was attempted in 111 (81%) patients, and D/C was achieved in 67.5%. Longer time to achieve complete renal response (CR) [odds ratio (OR): 1.07, P = 0.046] and higher SLEDAI-2K at tapering initiation (OR: 2.57, P = 0.008) were correlated with higher risk of renal flares during tapering. Persistent hydroxychloroquine use (≥2/3 of follow-up) (OR: 0.28, P = 0.08) and lower SLEDAI-2K 12 months before IS D/C (OR: 1.70, P = 0.013) decreased the risk of post-D/C flares. Adverse outcomes (&gt;30% estimated glomerular filtration rate decline, chronic kidney disease, end-stage renal disease, death) at the end of follow-up (median 124 months) were more frequent in patients with flares during IS tapering (53% vs 16%, P &lt; 0.0038) but did not differ between IS D/C achievers and non-achievers. In proliferative LN, differences mirrored those in the entire cohort, except for time to D/C, which occurred 20 months earlier in membranous vs proliferative LN (β = −19.8, P = 0.014).

Conclusion
Earlier CR achievement and lower SLEDAI-2K at tapering initiation prevent flares during IS tapering, while persistent hydroxychloroquine use and lower SLEDAI-2K 12 months before IS D/C prevent post-D/C flares. Flares during tapering increase the risk of unfavourable long-term outcomes. Earlier IS D/C is feasible in membranous LN.
Reasons for Discharge in a National Network of Early Psychosis Intervention Programs
Authors: Phalen Peter L , Smith William R , Jones Nev , Reznik Samantha J , Marti C Nathan , Cosgrove John , Lopez Molly , Calkins Monica E , Bennett Melanie E 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Discharge from early psychosis intervention is a critical stage of treatment that may occur for a variety of reasons. This study characterizes reasons for discharge among participants in early psychosis intervention programs participating in the Early Psychosis Intervention Network (EPINET) which comprises &gt;100 programs in the United States organized under 8 academic hubs.

Study Design
We analyzed 1787 discharges, focusing on program completion, unilateral termination by the client/family, and lost contact with the client/family. We performed exploratory analyses of demographic, clinical, and functional predictors of discharge reason. Variables predictive of discharge type were included in multilevel logistic regressions, allowing for the estimation of predictors of discharge reason and variability in rates by program and hub.

Study Results
An estimated 20%–30% of enrolled patients completed the program. Program completion rates were higher among participants who were older on admission, had lower negative symptoms severity, spent more time in education, employment, or training, and who were covered by private insurance (a close proxy for socioeconomic status). Programs were more likely to lose contact with male participants, Black participants, and participants who were never covered by private insurance. After accounting for patient-level factors, there was substantial program-level variation in all 3 discharge outcomes, and hub-level variability in the proportion of participants who completed the program. The impact of race on program completion varied substantially by program.

Conclusions
Participants were discharged from early psychosis intervention services for diverse reasons, some of which were associated with sociocultural factors. Disengagement is a widespread problem affecting all hubs.
A narrative review of mechanisms linking romantic relationship experiences to sleep quality
Authors: Xie Yuxi , Feeney Brooke C 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Although a significant body of research has revealed associations between romantic relationship experiences and sleep quality, there has not been clarity regarding the mechanisms underlying such associations. Toward this end, we review the existing studies that have tested mechanisms linking romantic relationship experiences to sleep quality. Guided by both theory and existing research, we organize our review around five key categories of mechanisms that may explain associations between romantic relationship experiences and sleep quality: emotional/affective responses, self-perceptions, social perceptions, self-regulation, and biological functioning. Our review of the literature indicates strong evidence in support of the mediating effects of emotional/affective mechanisms (e.g. emotions and mood states) in explaining associations between various aspects of romantic relationships (e.g. relationship satisfaction, partner conflicts, and attachment orientation) and sleep quality. Although there is ample theoretical support for the other mechanisms proposed, and although all proposed mechanisms have been separately linked to both romantic relationship experiences and sleep quality, few studies have directly tested them, pointing to profitable directions for future research. Understanding underlying mechanisms will enable the development of wise, process-based interventions that target specific mechanisms to improve couple members’ sleep quality and romantic relationship functioning.