bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonrelativistic Limit of Generalized MIT Bag Models and Spectral Inequalities
Authors: Behrndt Jussi , Frymark Dale , Holzmann Markus , Stelzer-Landauer Christian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFor a family of self-adjoint Dirac operators $$-i c (\alpha \cdot \nabla ) + \frac{c^2}{2}$$

-
i
c

(
α
·
∇
)

+

c
2

2

subject to generalized MIT bag boundary conditions on domains in $$\mathbb {R}^3$$

R

3

, it is shown that the nonrelativistic limit in the norm resolvent sense is the Dirichlet Laplacian. This allows to transfer spectral geometry results for Dirichlet Laplacians to Dirac operators for large c.
Flexural–torsional modal interaction in MEMS actuators initiated by minuscule asymmetry
Authors: Rahmanian Sasan , Awrejcewicz Jan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAn efficient actuation technique for electrostatic MEMS actuators exploiting electro-mechanical-mechanical modal interactions is proposed. The flexural–torsional equations of motion are established, and we manifest that the initiation of a 2:1 autoparametric modal interaction between in-plane bending and torsional modes of the actuator that is supposed to be symmetrical with respect to its axis of rotation is contingent upon the presence of a quadratic stiffness term, which arises from the existence of non-zero first moments of area of the actual cross-section in prismatic microbeams. In order to efficiently reduce the AC voltage value required to reach the activation of the 2:1 mechanical modal interaction, the electrical resonant frequency is syntonized to half of the natural frequency of the in-plane bending mode. The results indicate that the amplitude of the in-plane motion saturates upon the initiation of an energy exchange between the bending and torsional motions. Through suitable tuning of the AC frequency, the amplitude of the in-plane motion is minimized, while the amplitude of the torsional motion, the indirectly excited mode, is maximized. Our results demonstrate that the actuator's torsional motion, when subjected to a 1:2:1 electro-flexural–torsional modal interactions, is triggered by applying a maximum voltage of 10 V, resulting in about 20 degrees rotational angle. Furthermore, prolific frequency combs are generated as a result of secondary Hopf bifurcations along the large-amplitude response branches, inducing quasi-periodicity in the MEMS dynamics.
Rhizosphere hydraulic regulation in maize: tailoring rhizosphere properties to varying soil textures and moistures
Authors: Adamczewski Ruth , Kaestner Anders , Zarebanadkouki Mohsen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Aims
Motivated by recent studies highlighting the active role of plants in influencing the hydraulic properties of the rhizosphere through mucilage exudation, this study explored the effect of plant rhizosphere regulation on the emergent hydraulic properties of the rhizosphere under varying soil texture and moisture levels.

Methods
Maize (Zea mays) plants were cultivated in sand and loam soils exposed to varying moisture levels. Neutron radiography was employed to quantify the profile of water content ($${\theta }_{r})$$

θ
r

)

around lateral and crown roots. The $${\theta }_{r}$$

θ
r

were used to derive rhizosphere hydraulic indices such as rhizosphere extension ($${d}_{rh}$$

d

rh

), water content at the root-soil interface ($${\theta }_{rs}$$

θ

rs

), and water content in the rhizosphere ($${\theta }_{rh}$$

θ

rh

). The latter two attributes were normalized by the respective bulk soil water contents ($${\theta }_{rs}^{*}$$

θ

rs

∗

, $${\theta }_{rh}^{*}$$

θ

rh

∗

).

Results
Results showed a higher $${\theta }_{rs}^{*}$$

θ

rs

∗

, $${\theta }_{rh}^{*}$$

θ

rh

∗

and $${d}_{rh}$$

d

rh

in coarse-textured soil versus fine-textured soil. This indicates a more pronounced rhizosphere development in sand compared to loam, possibly via mucilage exudation to maintain better root-soil contact. In contrast, soil water content did not impact the rhizosphere properties of crown roots but impacted the rhizosphere properties of lateral roots. The derived rhizosphere water retention curves revealed a higher water-holding capacity of the rhizosphere in both soils compared to bulk soil.

Conclusions
Our study underscores that soil-grown maize plants dynamically adjust the hydraulic properties of their rhizosphere in response to external factors, primarily aiming to optimize root-soil contact. That leads to a more pronounced rhizosphere in coarser textures, interacting with the soil moisture.
Farmers’ willingness to adopt precision agricultural technologies to reduce mycotoxin contamination in grain: evidence from grain farmers in Spain and Lithuania
Authors: Owusu-Sekyere Enoch , Hatab Assem Abu , Lagerkvist Carl-Johan , Pérez-Ruiz Manuel , Šarauskis Egidijus , Kriaučiūnienė Zita , Almoujahed Muhammad Baraa , Apolo-Apolo Orly Enrique , Mouazen Abdul Mounem 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study examines the willingness of Spanish and Lithuanian grain farmers to adopt a combined approach of preventive site-specific spraying (PSSS) and selective harvesting (SH), two precision agricultural technologies (below referred to as PSSS-SH) aimed at mitigating the risk of mycotoxin contamination in barley and wheat.

Methods
Data were collected from 190 commercial grain farmers using a choice experimental survey. The empirical analysis relied on the estimation of mixed logit and integrated latent class models.

Results
The surveyed farmers were heterogeneous in their preference for the PSSS-SH technology, with a majority (81%) reporting that they were willing to adopt and pay for the PSSS-SH technology. Furthermore, the farmers’ willingness to adopt PSSS-SH technology was influenced by the trade-offs between the potential production, economic and environmental changes.

Conclusion
Profit maximization is not the only motivation for a farmer’s decision to adopt PSSS-SH, there are also important non-financial benefits that align with the observed choices. Furthermore, the perceived usefulness of the technology, the willingness and readiness to use the technology, and the farmer characteristics (e.g. cooperative membership, employment status, share of household income from grain production and past experience with precision farming technology) were positively associated with uptake of the PSSS-SH technology. Therefore, extension programmes should have a special focus on the perceived usefulness of the technology, the willingness and readiness of farmers to use it, and its unique characteristics.
To reform or to eliminate an attractor?
Authors: Kõiv Riin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMachery, E. (2021). A new challenge to conceptual engineering. Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy.https://doi.org/10.1080/0020174X.2021.1967190.) argues to have identified a novel reason why deficient concepts of a certain kind are better eliminated than reformed. Namely, if the deficient concept is an attractor—a concept that we are psychologically drawn to think with—then eliminating this concept is a more feasible alternative than reforming it. Machery illustrates his argument with the example of the scientific concept of innateness, which he considers to be an attractor. I argue two things against Machery's thesis. First, there is little reason to believe that attempts to eliminate the scientific concept of innateness will be more feasible than attempts to reform it. Second, there is little reason to believe that attempts to eliminate a concept, whether it is an attractor or not, are more feasible than attempts to reform it. Moreover, a concept being an attractor even diminishes—instead of increasing—the chances that eliminating it is more feasible than reforming it.
Dark triad personality, motivational dynamics and nascent entrepreneurs entrepreneurial intentions: cross-country comparison
Authors: Kryeziu Liridon , Bağış Mehmet , Kurutkan Mehmet Nurullah , Ateş Çağdaş 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis research explores the relationships between the dark triad, motivational dynamics, and entrepreneurial intentions, as well as the moderating effect of the country on these relationships. Using a cross-sectional design, the study utilizes a sample of 701 new entrepreneurs from Turkey (n = 368) and Kosovo (n = 333). The findings indicate that narcissism positively influences entrepreneurial intentions. Additionally, psychopathy and Machiavellianism negatively impact motivational dynamics, while narcissism has a positive effect. Furthermore, the positive effects of motivational dynamics on entrepreneurial intentions have been confirmed. Mediation analysis reveals that individual motivations partially mediate the relationship between the dark triad and entrepreneurial intentions. Finally, the research results show that the country plays a moderating role in the relationships between narcissism and entrepreneurial intentions, personal attitudes and entrepreneurial intentions, psychopathy, and perceived behavioral control, and the need for achievement and narcissism with personal attitudes. Our study provides theoretical contributions as well as policy and managerial implications in the emerging field of entrepreneurship.
Validation of the 12-item Gamification User Types Hexad Scale in 1,610 Hong Kong Young Gamers
Authors: Fong Ted C.T. , Lu Sirui , Ye Xingcan , Junus Alvin , Yip Paul S.F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe present study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Gamification User Types Hexad Scale (Hexad) and validate the 12-item short version (Hexad-12) in the Chinese context. An online survey recruited 1,610 young gamers aged between 11 and 29 (mean age = 23.1, SD = 4.18) in Hong Kong between May and June 2023, who completed the Hexad-24 and other validated measures. Factorial validity and measurement invariance of Hexad were evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis. Convergent validity of Hexad factors was examined with demographic and gaming characteristics, social support, internet gaming disorder (IGD) symptoms, depressive symptoms, and hikikomori. The 6-factor model provided mediocre fits (comparative fit index < 0.90 and standardized root mean square residuals > 0.07) to the original 24-item Hexad but adequate fits (comparative fit index = 0.97 and standardized root mean square residuals < 0.04) to Hexad-12 in split samples with substantial factor loadings and acceptable reliability. The Hexad-12 factors showed scalar measurement invariance across gender, age groups, and game genre. Disruptor was positively and moderately to strongly correlated with IGD and depressive symptoms, hikikomori, and suicidal ideation. Philanthropist and socializer were positively and moderately correlated with social support and meaning in life; free-spirits and achievers were negatively and weakly correlated with IGD and depressive symptoms, hikikomori, and suicidal ideation. The present findings demonstrated adequate psychometric properties for the Hexad-12, supporting its use for brief assessment of Chinese gamers' user types.
Acute diverticulitis: beyond the diagnosis: predictive role of CT in assessing risk of recurrence and clinical implications in non-operative management of acute diverticulitis
Authors: Simonetti Stefania , Lanciotti Silvia , Carlomagno Dominga , De Cristofaro Flaminia , Galardo Gioacchino , Cirillo Bruno , Fiore Fabio , Bonito Giacomo , Severi Carola , Ricci Paolo ,   PDTA Group on Uncomplicated Acute Diverticulitis, Alvaro Domenico , Assenza Marco , Baldini Enrico , Catero Carmen , Conti Emanuela , Donato Giuseppe , Ferraguti Giampiero , Fiori Enrico , Grilli Deborah , Guzzo Anna Santa , Iafrate Franco , Lamazza Antonella , Lucarelli Marco , Mingoli Andrea , Pallotta Nadia , Pugliese Francesco , Zinnamosca Laura 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of the study is to identify CT findings that are predictive of recurrence of acute uncomplicated colonic diverticulitis, to better risk-stratify these patients for whom guidelines recommend a conservative outpatient treatment and to determine the appropriate management with an improvement of health costs.

Materials and Methods
Over the past year, 33 patients enrolled in an outpatient integrated care pathway (PDTA) for uncomplicated acute diverticulitis with 1-year follow-up period, without recurrence, and 33 patients referred to Emergency Department for a recurrent acute diverticulitis were included. Images of admission CT were reviewed by two radiologists and the imaging features were analyzed and compared with Chi-square and Student t tests. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were employed to identify parameters that significantly predicted recurrence in 1-year follow-up period and establish cutoff and recurrence-free rates. The maximally selected rank statistics (MSRS) were used to identify the optimal wall thickening cutoff for the prediction of recurrence.

Results
Patients with recurrence showed a greater mean parietal thickness compared to the group without recurrence (16 mm vs. 11.5 mm; HR 1.25, p < 0.001) and more evidence of grade 4 of peridiverticular inflammation (40% vs. 12%, p = 0.009, HR 3.44). 12-month recurrence-free rates progressively decrease with increasing thickness and inflammation. In multivariate analysis, only parietal thickness maintained its predictive power with an optimal cutpoint > 15 mm that causes a sixfold increased risk of recurrence (HR 6.22; 95% CI, 3.05–12.67; p < 0.001). Beyond thickness and peridiverticular inflammation, predictive value of early recurrence within 90 days from the 1st episode resulted also an Hinchey Ib on admission CT.

Conclusions
The maximum wall thickening and the grade of peridiverticular inflammation can be considered as predictive factors of recurrence and may be helpful in selecting patients for a tailored treatment to prevent the risk of recurrence.
Current Status of Hospitalist Practice and Factors Influencing Job Satisfaction in Korea
Authors: Song Song Yi , Han Hee Youn , Park Se Yoon , Kim Jaewoong , Park Kyung Mee , Kyong Taeyoung 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Although the roles and responsibilities of hospitalists have grown considerably in recent years, research on the current job status and satisfaction levels of Korean hospitalists is lacking.

Objective
We investigate the present state of Korean hospitalists and the factors influencing their job satisfaction 6 years after the pilot program’s launch.

Design
This cross-sectional analysis was based on an online survey conducted from January 30 to February 18, 2023.

Participants
Korean hospitalists (N = 303)

Main Measures
The survey encompassed participant demographics, hospital information, education, clinical practice, research involvement, and job satisfaction. We employed multiple logistic regression analyses to identify determinants of satisfaction as a hospitalist.

Key Results
The analysis was based on 79 hospitalists’ responses (response rate 26%). Respondents had a median age of 39 years; approximately half were male internal medicine specialists, possessing over 3 years of hospitalist experience. Most respondents were interested in clinical work (94.4%), with only 21.5% interested in research and evidence-based medicine. Over two-thirds indicated that non-clinical duties occupied less than 20% of their time. Overall, job satisfaction among hospitalists averaged 51.9%. Notably, the availability of a research mentor was significantly associated with job satisfaction (P = .011). While hospitalists with more than 3 years of experience, more hospitalists per facility, and autonomy were associated with increased job satisfaction, these associations were not statistically significant. Furthermore, there was no association between night shift work, work type, or work hours and job satisfaction.

Conclusions
Although Korean hospitalists primarily focus on clinical practice, our study underscores the positive impact of mentorship from research mentors on job satisfaction, supported by comprehensive univariate and multivariate analyses. These findings signal a progressive transformation in the role of Korean hospitalists, as they increasingly engage in research alongside patient care.

Graphical Abstract
Attitudes Towards Non-directiveness Among Medical Geneticists in Germany and Switzerland
Authors: Eichinger J. , Elger B. S. , McLennan S. , Filges I. , Koné I. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe principle of non-directiveness remains an important tenet in genetics. However, the concept has encountered growing criticism over the last two decades. There is an ongoing discussion about its appropriateness for specific situations in genetics, especially in light of recent significant advancements in genetic medicine. Despite the debate surrounding non-directiveness, there is a notable lack of up-to-date international research empirically investigating the issue from the perspective of those who actually do genetic counselling. Addressing this gap, our article delves into the viewpoints and experiences of medical geneticists in Germany and Switzerland. Twenty qualitative interviews were analysed employing reflexive thematic analysis. Participants’ responses revealed substantial uncertainties and divergences in their understanding and application of the concept. It seems to cause distress since many geneticists stated that the principle was difficult to put into clinical practice and was no longer ethically justified given the increasing likelihood of therapeutic implications resulting from genomic testing outcomes. The insights provided by our qualitative empirical study accord with the ongoing theoretical debate regarding the definition, legitimacy, and feasibility of the principle. An adequately nuanced understanding and application of non-directiveness seems crucial to circumvent the risks inherent in the principle, while promoting patient autonomy and beneficence.
Activating the sustainable consumer:The role of customer involvement in corporate sustainability
Authors: Reppmann Manuel , Harms Stephan , Edinger-Schons Laura Marie , Foege Johann Nils 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTackling grand challenges and making sustainable development a reality through sustainable consumption crucially depends upon both companies’ activities as well as individuals’ consumption choices. In opinion polls, many consumers claim to favor sustainable products over conventional ones. However, a large gap remains between their stated purchasing intentions and actual decisions, posing a challenge for companies in predicting product demand and strategically managing their product portfolios. In this study, we develop a conceptual framework to demonstrate how companies can encourage sustainable consumption behavior among their customers by involving them in their corporate sustainability (CS) activities. We introduce psychological ownership as the underlying mechanism explaining how customer involvement in CS activities translates into changes in their consumption choices. We further argue that the link between customer involvement and psychological ownership depends on the type of a company’s CS—that is, whether CS is embedded in or peripheral to the company’s core business. The results from three experiments, including one field experiment conducted in collaboration with a fashion retailer and involving real customer purchase decisions, support our theorizing. The findings reveal the power of customer involvement as a marketing tool in promoting sustainable consumption.
Whole Genome Sequence Analysis of Brucella spp. from Human, Livestock, and Wildlife in South Africa
Authors: Mazwi Koketso Desiree , Lekota Kgaugelo Edward , Glover Barbara Akofo , Kolo Francis Babaman , Hassim Ayesha , Rossouw Jenny , Jonker Annelize , Wojno Justnya Maria , Profiti Giuseppe , Martelli Pier Luigi , Casadio Rita , Zilli Katiuscia , Janowicz Anna , Marotta Francesca , Garofolo Giuliano , van Heerden Henriette 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBrucellosis is an economically important zoonotic disease affecting humans, livestock, and wildlife health globally and especially in Africa. Brucella abortus and B. melitensis have been isolated from human, livestock (cattle and goat), and wildlife (sable) in South Africa (SA) but with little knowledge of the population genomic structure of this pathogen in SA. As whole genome sequencing can assist to differentiate and trace the origin of outbreaks of Brucella spp. strains, the whole genomes of retrospective isolates (n = 19) from previous studies were sequenced. Sequences were analysed using average nucleotide identity (ANI), pangenomics, and whole genome single nucleotide polymorphism (wgSNP) to trace the geographical origin of cases of brucellosis circulating in human, cattle, goats, and sable from different provinces in SA. Pangenomics analysis of B. melitensis (n = 69) and B. abortus (n = 56) was conducted with 19 strains that included B. abortus from cattle (n = 3) and B. melitensis from a human (n = 1), cattle (n = 1), goat (n = 1), Rev1 vaccine strain (n = 1), and sable (n = 12). Pangenomics analysis of B. melitensis genomes, highlighted shared genes, that include 10 hypothetical proteins and genes that encodes for acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase (acs), and acylamidase (aam) amongst the sable genomes. The wgSNP analysis confirmed the B. melitensis isolated from human was more closely related to the goat from the Western Cape Province from the same outbreak than the B. melitensis cattle sample from different cases in the Gauteng Province. The B. melitensis sable strains could be distinguished from the African lineage, constituting their own African sub-clade. The sequenced B. abortus strains clustered in the C2 lineage that is closely related to the isolates from Mozambique and Zimbabwe. This study identified genetically diverse Brucella spp. among various hosts in SA. This study expands the limited known knowledge regarding the presence of B. melitensis in livestock and humans in SA, further building a foundation for future research on the distribution of the Brucella spp. worldwide and its evolutionary background.
Community Recommendations for Adapting an Evidence-Based Mental Health Intervention for Racially/Ethnically Diverse Schools: A Qualitative Study
Authors: St. George Sara M. , Velez Clarissa V. , Ahn Yeojin A. , Phillips Dominique A. , Pulgaron Elizabeth R. , Ehrenreich-May Jill 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe goal of this qualitative study was to understand the perspectives of school community members (adolescents, parents, school administrators, teachers, mental health providers) regarding the adaptation of an evidence-based transdiagnostic mental health treatment, known as the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Adolescents, for delivery in racially/ethnically diverse schools. Thirty-three school community members (n = 9 adolescents, n = 4 parents, n = 5 school administrators, n = 10 teachers, n = 5 mental health providers) participated in a series of focus groups or individual interviews. We used a rapid qualitative analysis to summarize their recommendations for adapting our intervention across seven themes: (1) consider social determinants of health, (2) include content related to social media and digital literacy, (3) provide teachers and staff with training on identifying and referring to mental health services and basic psychoeducation, (4) build trust and reduce stigma, (5) use qualified mental health providers to conduct culturally relevant sessions in person during school hours, (6) consider flexible format offerings and extended intervention delivery window, and (7) anticipate low parental engagement. These data were critical for informing systematic content and procedural modifications to our adapted intervention, such as scheduling sessions for school lunch hours and identifying coaches (e.g., teachers, school administrators) to support students with check-ins regarding session attendance and skill practice. These adaptations may be applied more broadly to the implementation of evidence-based mental health interventions in diverse school settings.