bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbiological Risk Analysis in Catering Establishments
Authors: Melngaile Aija , Kārkliņa Daina 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The epidemiological data suggest that the food preparation process in public catering establishments involves the risk of food microbiological contamination. To develop a preventive food safety assurance system based on HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points) principles, adequate identification, monitoring and communication of food safety hazards are important considerations. The aim of the research was microbiological risk analysis of catering establishments. Statistical analysis was used in microbiological risk assessment and to ensure science-based proposals for control of microbiological contamination and prevention of outbreaks of food-borne infections. The results on microbiological testing of 17 192 food samples and 17 604 surface swab samples were analysed using the SPSS 13.0 and MS EXCEL software packages. Statistically significant differences in microbiological contamination of food and environmental surfaces with regard to Aerobic Plate Count, coliforms and S. aureus were found. Impact of technological processing on safety of ready-to-eat foods was demonstrated. Petrifilm rapid test methods were tested for use as self-control purposes. The results of the research demonstrate characteristic trends in contamination of foods and environmental objects in catering establishments and ensure scientific justification for setting priorities with regard to relevant control measures during technological processing and serving of food.
CdS/TiO2 composite films for methylene blue photodecomposition under visible light irradiation and non-photocorrosion of cadmium sulfide
Authors: Hernández-Torres María , Ojeda-Carrera María , Sánchez-Cantú Manuel , Silva-González Nicolás , Gracia-Jiménez Justo 
Published: December 2013

AbstractCadmium sulfide/titanium dioxide (CdS/TiO2) composite films were grown on glass by the chemical bath deposition (DBQ) and sol-gel/dip coating methods, respectively, in order to increase the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 in photodegradation processes. The influence of the CdS deposition time on the morphology, optical absorption, and phononic modes of the composites were examined. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed clearly the CdS deposit on the TiO2 surface. The absorbance spectra indicated that the absorption of composites depends on the CdS deposition time and the absorption edges are shifted to the visible range. Micro Raman spectra exhibited the phonons associated with the TiO2 anatase and the longitudinal optic (LO) phonon of CdS whose intensity increases with the CdS deposition time. Photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible light irradiation was observed in all films and the results were compared with those obtained with TiO2 films. The decomposition is higher for the composite with the CdS deposition time of 15 min. This optimal deposition time allows maximal enhancement of the charge carriers transfer to TiO2 involved in the photocatalysis. No signal associated with cadmium was detected by the atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), which means that the CdS photocorrosion does not occur since trap centers such as OH-Cd-S and Cl−, which trap holes and inhibit the photocorrosion, are produced during the growth process.
An overview of occupational voice disorders in Poland
Authors: Niebudek-Bogusz Ewa , Śliwińska-Kowalska Mariola 
Published: December 2013

AbstractOccupational voice disorders make the most frequently certified category of occupational diseases in Poland, making up approximately 20% of all cases. This study presents the current knowledge of the etiopathogenesis of occupational voice disorders. It stresses the importance of the evaluation of vocal loading by means of objective measurements. Furthermore, this study discusses the medico-legal aspects of the procedure of certifying occupational voice disorders in Poland. The paper also describes the preventive programs addressed particularly to teachers, including multidisciplinary and holistic management of occupational dysphonia. Their role in the improvement of occupational safety and health (OSH) arrangement for vocally demanding professions is emphasized.
Konkurrenz zwischen stofflicher und energetischer Holznutzung – auch eine Frage der Allokation
Authors: Becker Gero , Brunsmeier Martin 
Published: December 2013

Competition between material and energetic use of wood – also a question of allocation
The amount of wood used for energy purposes has recently strongly increased in Germany. This has resulted in a competition for some wood assortments between raw material and energy uses. This has led to price increases and supply bottlenecks in wood industries facing international competition. An easing of this tension can be achieved by an increase in the volume of wood harvested, changes in the allocation of the assortments, alternative silvicultural concepts and optimized harvesting techniques. Moreover, an improvement in efficiency of the supply and conversion of energy wood increases the potential of wood. Whether wood is to be used for material or energy purposes is not only determined by economic aspects: the risks which have been taken into account, the investment which has been made, but also the obligation to deliver because of regional political structures can be decisive reasons for the allocation of wood. More research is needed to clarify the question of whether and in what way stakeholders within the supply chain influence the decision making process.
Stand der Technik und Trends bei der Erzeugung von Strom und Treibstoffen aus Holz
Authors: Biollaz Serge 
Published: December 2013

State of the art and trends in generation of electricity and fuels from wood
Advanced conversion processes such as gasification technology for biomass have been under development for the last 30 years. First commercial plants went into operation. Over this period, motivation for biomass gasification has changed repeatedly. At first, production of high-temperature heat was the major motivation, later generation of electricity or combined heat and power (CHP). During the last ten years production of liquid and gaseous biofuels via gasification has been intensely studied and developed, which has increased the demands on the quality of syngas. This paper focuses on gasification development within Europe. Selected examples give an impression of current status and expected developments of gasification technologies for the production of electricity, liquid or gaseous biofuels. The examples make clear that there is still a considerable potential for innovation. Therefore, in coming years further technological breakthroughs can be expected. This development is expected to be supported by the implementation of the European Industrial Bioenergy Initiative (EIBI) and the planned European Public Private Partnership of bio-based industries (“Bridge”). It will be necessary to simultaneously advance fundamentally different technological options (e.g. enzyme- and thermochemical-based processes) and to perform intensive broad-based research to increase the efficiency of processes and to optimize the yields. For the market introduction of large-scale biomass gasification plants, i.e. of at least 50 MWWood power production, framework conditions have to be adapted in order to reduce commercial risk for investors. Biomass gasification can make a significant contribution for reduction of CO2 and the use of non renewable energy sources. It has to be understood as an integral part of an overall energy system.
Splenic FDG uptake predicts poor prognosis in patients with unresectable cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Pak K. , Kim S.-J. , Kim I. J. , Kim D. U. , Kim K. , Kim H. , Kim S. J. 
Published: December 2013

Summary
Aim: Diffuse splenic 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake has shown to be associated with concurrent inflammation. We evaluated the prognostic value of diffuse splenic FDG uptake for predicting prognosis in cholangiocarcinoma patients. Patients, methods: Sixty-four patients with unresectable cholangiocarcinoma performed Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) using FDG between July 2009 and April 2012. Patients were divided into two groups according to splenic FDG uptake relative to hepatic FDG uptake. Eleven patients showing splenic FDG uptake exceeding hepatic uptake were included in group A, while 53 patients with hepatic FDG uptake exceeding splenic uptake were included in group B. Prognostic factors for overall survival were evaluated using log-rank test. Variables with a probability of less than or equal to 0.1 on univariate analysis were considered as possible independent factors. Cox-proportional hazards Cholangiocarcinoma, a malignant neoplasm of biliary epithelium, is a rare disease with an increasing incidence worldwide (19). The chances of survival with cholan- giocarcinoma depend on its location and model was used to analyze univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Mean standardized uptake value of the liver (Liver SUVmean)/ Spleen SUVmean (L/S) ratio <1 (p = 0.0034), WBC > 10 000 (p = 0.1155) and CEA >30 (p = 0.0946) were predictors of overall survival on univariate analysis. In a subsequent multivariate analysis, L/S ratio <1 remained a significant independent predictor of poor prognosis (HR 6.0153, 95% CI, 1.7193-21.0460, p = 0.0052). Conclusion: Our study has shown that splenic FDG uptake could be a predictor of overall survival of unresectable cholangiocarcinoma patients.
Th1 Polarization of T Cells Injected into the Cerebrospinal Fluid Induces Brain Immunosurveillance
Authors: Fisher Yair , Strominger Itai , Biton Shva , Nemirovsky Anna , Baron Rona , Monsonego Alon 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Although CD4 T cells reside within the cerebrospinal fluid, it is yet unclear whether and how they enter the brain parenchyma and migrate to target specific Ags. We examined the ability of Th1, Th2, and Th17 CD4 T cells injected intracerebroventricularly to migrate from the lateral ventricles into the brain parenchyma in mice. We show that primarily Th1 cells cross the ependymal layer of the ventricle and migrate within the brain parenchyma by stimulating an IFN-γ–dependent dialogue with neural cells, which maintains the effector function of the T cells. When injected into a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease, amyloid-β (Aβ)–specific Th1 cells target Aβ plaques, increase Aβ uptake, and promote neurogenesis with no evidence of pathogenic autoimmunity or neuronal loss. Overall, we provide a mechanistic insight to the migration of cerebrospinal fluid CD4 T cells into the brain parenchyma and highlight implications on brain immunity and repair.
Platelet-Secreted MicroRNA-223 Promotes Endothelial Cell Apoptosis Induced by Advanced Glycation End Products via Targeting the Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor
Authors: Pan Yi , Liang Hongwei , Liu Huan , Li Donghai , Chen Xi , Li Limin , Zhang Chen-Yu , Zen Ke 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Platelets play a significant role in atherosclerosis, stroke, and asthma through active interaction with neutrophils, monocytes, and vascular endothelial cells. The mechanism underlying these intercellular interactions, however, is incompletely understood. In this study, we report that platelets can remotely modulate vascular endothelial cell apoptosis through releasing microRNA-223 (miR-223)–containing microvesicles (MVs). First, platelets expressed abundant miRNAs, and miR-223 had the highest level of expression. Platelet miR-223 and other miRNAs can be upregulated by the stimulation with thrombopoietin (TPO) or thrombin. Unlike leukocytes, platelets contained high levels of pre-miRNAs, and upregulation of mature platelet miRNAs by TPO was correlated with decreased pre-miRNAs. Second, under stimulation with TPO, platelets released a large amount of MVs, which also contain higher levels of miR-223. Elevation of miR-223 inside circulating platelet MVs (P-MVs) was also observed in plasma samples from patients with enteritis, hepatitis, nephritis, or atherosclerosis. Third, incubation of P-MVs with HUVECs, which had significantly lower levels of miR-223 than platelets, showed that P-MVs effectively delivered miR-223 into HUVECs. Finally, in HUVECs, exogenous platelet miR-223 decreased the level of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor and thus promoted HUVEC apoptosis induced by advanced glycation end products. The proapoptotic effect of P-MVs on HUVECs was largely abolished by depleting cellular miR-223 using anti–miR-223 antisense oligonucleotide. In conclusion, our study presents the first evidence, to our knowledge, that platelet-released miR-223 promotes advanced glycation end product–induced vascular endothelial cell apoptosis via targeting insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor.
MPYS/STING-Mediated TNF-α, Not Type I IFN, Is Essential for the Mucosal Adjuvant Activity of (3′–5′)-Cyclic-Di-Guanosine-Monophosphate In Vivo
Authors: Blaauboer Steven M. , Gabrielle Vincent D. , Jin Lei 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The bacterial second messenger (3′–5′)-cyclic-di-guanosine-monophosphate (CDG) is a promising mucosal adjuvant candidate that activates balanced Th1/Th2/Th17 responses. We showed previously that CDG activates stimulator of IFN genes (STING)-dependent IFN-I production in vitro. However, it is unknown whether STING or IFN-I is required for the CDG adjuvant activity in vivo. In this study, we show that STING−/− mice (Tmem173&lt;tm1Camb&gt;) do not produce Ag-specific Abs or Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines during CDG/Ag immunization. Intranasal administration of CDG did not induce TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, or MCP-1 production in STING−/− mice. Surprisingly, we found that the cytokine and Ab responses were unaltered in CDG/Ag-immunized IFNAR−/− mice. Instead, we found that CDG activates STING-dependent, IFN-I–independent TNF-α production in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, using a TNFR1−/− mouse, we demonstrate that TNF-α signaling is critical for CDG-induced Ag-specific Ab and Th1/Th2 cytokine production. This is distinct from STING-mediated DNA adjuvant activity, which requires IFN-I, but not TNF-α, production. Finally, we found that CDG activates STING-dependent, but IRF3 stimulation–independent, NF-κB signaling. Our results established an essential role for STING-mediated TNF-α production in the mucosal adjuvant activity of CDG in vivo and revealed a novel IFN-I stimulation–independent STING–NF-κB–TNF-α pathway.
A Circadian Clock Gene, Rev-erbα, Modulates the Inflammatory Function of Macrophages through the Negative Regulation of Ccl2 Expression
Authors: Sato Shogo , Sakurai Takuya , Ogasawara Junetsu , Takahashi Motoko , Izawa Tetsuya , Imaizumi Kazuhiko , Taniguchi Naoyuki , Ohno Hideki , Kizaki Takako 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Disruption of the circadian rhythm is a contributory factor to clinical and pathophysiological conditions, including cancer, the metabolic syndrome, and inflammation. Chronic and systemic inflammation are a potential trigger of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease and are caused by the infiltration of large numbers of inflammatory macrophages into tissue. Although recent studies identified the circadian clock gene Rev-erbα, a member of the orphan nuclear receptors, as a key mediator between clockwork and inflammation, the molecular mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that Rev-erbα modulates the inflammatory function of macrophages through the direct regulation of Ccl2 expression. Clinical conditions associated with chronic and systemic inflammation, such as aging or obesity, dampened Rev-erbα gene expression in peritoneal macrophages from C57BL/6J mice. Rev-erbα agonists or overexpression of Rev-erbα in the murine macrophage cell line RAW264 suppressed the induction of Ccl2 following an LPS endotoxin challenge. We discovered that Rev-erbα represses Ccl2 expression directly through a Rev-erbα–binding motif in the Ccl2 promoter region. Rev-erbα also suppressed CCL2-activated signals, ERK and p38, which was recovered by the addition of exogenous CCL2. Further, Rev-erbα impaired cell adhesion and migration, which are inflammatory responses activated through the ERK- and p38-signaling pathways, respectively. Peritoneal macrophages from mice lacking Rev-erbα display increases in Ccl2 expression. These data suggest that Rev-erbα regulates the inflammatory infiltration of macrophages through the suppression of Ccl2 expression. Therefore, Rev-erbα may be a key link between aging- or obesity-associated impairment of clockwork and inflammation.
Peritoneal Dialysis Access: Open versus Laparoscopic Surgical Techniques
Authors: Hwang Christine , Davidson Ingemar , Santarelli Stefano , Zeiler Matthias , Ceraudo Emilio , Pedone Meri , Saxena Ramesh , Slakey Douglas , Wade Melissa , Gallieni Maurizio 
Published: December 2013

Aim To outline pros and cons with the open and laparoscopic techniques when placing peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheters. Background Controversy exists regarding which technique, the open and laparoscopic, if any, is superior to the other. In addition, there is the question of which approach is best in rescuing malfunctioning PD catheters. Results Rather than promoting one doctrine fits all, philosophically, doing the right thing for the patient by specific criteria is ethically the better model. These specific selection criteria include patient characteristics, the team's skills and knowledge and institutional resources and commitment. Also, the sophistication of a PD unit for training and monitoring of patients is crucial for successful outcomes. Open paramedian and two laparoscopic approaches are described in detail, outlining advantages and disadvantages of each, with suggestions when one method is preferred. Conclusions In general, the laparoscopic technique is associated with longer operative times, higher costs and the need to utilize general anesthesia. It is, however, the preferred method when rescuing malfunctioning catheters and may increase the PD patient population in patients with previous abdominal surgeries. The dialysis access surgeon should be familiar with both open and laparoscopic techniques and appropriately choose the ideal method based upon the individual patient and institutional resources.
Defining Rhetorical Argumentation
Authors: Kock Christian 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTThis article argues for a definition of rhetorical argumentation based on the theme of the argumentation, that is, the issue in dispute, rather than its aim (e.g., to “win”) or its means (e.g., emotional appeals). It claims that the principal thinkers in the rhetorical tradition, from Aristotle onward, saw rhetoric as practical reasoning, that is, reasoning on action or choice, not on propositions that may be either true or false. Citing several contemporary philosophers, the article argues that this definition highlights certain distinctive properties of rhetorical argumentation that tend to be overlooked or undertheorized in argumentation theory.
Figural Logic in Gregor Mendel's “Experiments on Plant Hybrids”
Authors: Harris Randy 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTThe most important contemporary development in rhetoric for the theory of argumentation is Jeanne Fahnestock's program of figural logic, the ruling insight of which is that figures epitomize arguments. Working primarily with the antimetabolic formula at the heart of Gregor Mendel's paper “Experiments in Plant Hybridization,” I investigate the figural bases of the logic anchoring this foundational essay in genetics. In addition to antimetabole, the formula also depends crucially on ploche, polyptoton, onomatopoeia, antithesis, synecdoche, reification, and metaphor.
Structure and equilibria among silicate species in aqueous fluids in the upper mantle: Experimental SiO2–H2O and MgO–SiO2–H2O data recorded in situ to 900°C and 5.4 GPa
Authors: Mysen B. O. , Mibe K. , Chou I.‐M. , Bassett W. A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractExperiments to determine silicate structural species in silicate‐saturated aqueous fluids in equilibrium with silica polymorphs (quartz and coesite), enstatite, and enstatite + forsterite in the SiO2–H2O and MgO–SiO2–H2O systems have been carried out in situ in the 0.4–5.4 GPa and 700–900°C pressure and temperature ranges, respectively. MicroRaman spectroscopy was the structural probe. In the SiO2–H2O system (1.6–5.4 GPa/700–900°C), the detected silicate species are Q0 (SiO44−), Q1 (0.5 Si2O76−), and Q2 (SiO32−). The expression 2Q1 ⇌ Q0 + Q2 describes the equilibrium among these species with ∆H and ∆V values from the isochoric temperature and isothermal pressure dependence of its equilibrium constant, K = XQ0·XQ2/(XQ1)2, range from −23 to −69 kJ/mol and −1 to −2 cm3/mol, respectively. In the system MgO–SiO2–H2O the calculated silica solubility, using literature algorithms, is approximately 50% of that in the SiO2–H2O system at similar temperature and pressure. Only Q1 and Q0 species were detected in the MgO–SiO2–H2O fluids, whether in equilibrium with enstatite + forsterite (P < 3 GPa) or enstatite only (P > 3 GPa). The temperature and pressure dependence of the equilibrium constant, K = XQ1/XQ0, for this system yields average values of ∆H = 40 ± 5 kJ/mol and ∆V = −2.3 ± 0.4 cm3/mol. The speciation of silicate in aqueous fluids resembles that in hydrous melts as a function of temperature and pressure at deep crustal and upper mantle temperature and pressure conditions, and they become increasingly similar with depth. As the silicate speciation and solubility in the aqueous fluid depend on silicate composition, the pressure and temperature at which complete miscibility occurs will also vary with silicate composition. The structural similarity between fluids and melts will also lead to fluid/melt element partition coefficients trending toward 1 and mineral/fluid partition coefficients trending toward mineral/melt values in the upper mantle as the silicate‐H2O systems approach complete miscibility with increasing temperature and pressure.
Handwriting Comparison Opinions Admissibility After theNASReport
Authors: DesPortes Betty Layne 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe publication in 2009 of a government‐commissioned report on the “needs of the forensic science community” in the United States has become a seminal event in the forensic science community. The report has also become a milestone in the legal community, similar to theDaubertcase, by which expert opinion testimony admissibility decisions are classified. It has become common now to refer to legal decisions as “pre‐NASReport” or “post‐NASReport.” In this article, the post‐NASReport decisions concerning the admission of handwriting comparison opinions are discussed. As with other areas of forensic science, theNASReport has not significantly altered the admission of handwriting comparison expert testimony, but the legal landscape has changed with more substantive discussions of the underlying methodologies and research in admissibility hearings. The courts have primarily considered any “limitations” in handwriting comparison methodologies and opinions to be properly addressed through the crucible of cross‐examination and through the presentation of contrary evidence.