bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chapter 11 The Iberian Mediterranean shelves
Authors: Lobo F. J. , Ercilla G. , Fernández-Salas L. M. , Gámez D. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The Iberian Mediterranean shelves are divided into three different geographical segments (the Northeastern Shelf, the Southeastern Shelf and the Northern Alboran Sea Shelf), the understanding of which has evolved over the years. The best known sector is the Northeastern Shelf, comprising the narrow, abrupt and prograding Catalonia Shelf and the wider, prograding Ebro Shelf–Gulf of Valencia, where pioneering Spanish marine geology studies have been conducted since the 1970s. The knowledge of the Quaternary stratigraphic architecture of the Northeastern Shelf is very detailed, and provides an outstanding example of regressive–transgressive cycles leading to shelf build-up with various margin configurations. The Southeastern Shelf exhibits a change of margin configuration from intermediate to abrupt in response to declining fluvial influence. The knowledge of this shelf is limited in comparison with the rest of the Iberian Mediterranean shelves. Abundant studies have also been performed on the Northern Alboran Sea Shelf, which, in contrast to the Northeastern Shelf, does not have a major fluvial source but numerous short, mountain rivers draining from the Betic Cordillera. For this shelf, a high-resolution sequence stratigraphy model has been proposed for the most recent Late Quaternary depositional sequence.
Chapter 13 Hellenic shelf: late Quaternary tectonics, sea-level changes, sedimentation and geohazards
Authors: Ferentinos G. , Lykousis V. , Papatheodorou G. , Iatrou M. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The Hellenic shelf lies within and around the Aegean microplate, which is one of the world's most seismically active areas, and has experienced extreme tectonism throughout Quaternary time. This activity, together with eustatic sea-level changes and water-circulation patterns over the same time period, controls the overall configuration of the Hellenic shelf, the rates of uplift and subsidence, and determines the sediment supply and depot centre, as well as the sediment-transfer processes. The above-mentioned geological processes are the causative factors for the frequent occurrence of a variety of geological hazards, such as active faults, submarine gravitational mass movements, tsunami and active gas seeping from the seabed.
Chapter 14 Late Quaternary sea-level change on the Black Sea shelves
Authors: Nicholas W. A. , Chivas Allan R. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

The continental shelf of the microtidal Black Sea, with its 4125 km-long coastline, has an average width of
c.
40 km and may be subdivided into seven regions, the largest of these being the NW Shelf and the SW Shelf. Palimpsest shelf environments and terrestrially derived siliciclastic sedimentation are dominant. The Marmara Gateway, bisecting the southwestern shelf, controls the influx of Mediterranean-sourced water into the semi-enclosed Black Sea, and has been episodically open during the Quaternary. The best evidence for the most recent marine transgression of the pre-existing and isolated lake is found on the mid- and outer NW Shelf. Radiocarbon dating of marine and non-marine bivalve molluscs and peat indicates the most recent re-connection of the Black Sea with the oceanic reservoir occurred between 8200 and 8600
14
C years BP. Water levels during the transgression in the enclosed lake rose from a level 107 m or more below present values, to above the Bosphorus Sill (−35 m) in about 400
14
C years. However, the transition from low-salinity (0–5‰) lacustrine conditions to near-modern values (18‰) took ≥1000 years, indicated by the progression from freshwater to brackish molluscs and gastropods, dominated by
Dreissena
, to Mediterranean-derived estuarine taxa (e.g.
Mytilus
), suited to nutrient-rich conditions.
Chapter 17 The Myanmar continental shelf
Authors: Ramaswamy V. , Rao P. S. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

The Myanmar (Burma) coastline is about 2280 km long, with the continental shelf covering an area of approximately 230 000 km
2
. The Myanmar coastline may be divided into the northern Rakhine (Arakan) coast, the central Ayeyarwady coast and the southern Tanintharyi (Tenasserim) coast. The Rakhine coast lies adjacent to the Bay of Bengal, while the Ayeyarwady and Tanintharyi coast faces the Andaman Sea. The continental shelf of Myanmar receives sediments from some of the largest rivers in the world like the Ayeyarwady (Irrawaddy), the Salween (Thanlwin) and the Ganges–Brahmaputra rivers. The Myanmar shelf is characterized by a seasonal reversal of monsoon winds and coastal currents, periodic tropical cyclones and storm surges, meso- to macrotidal conditions, and neotectonic activity. The most prominent bathymetric feature on the Ayeyarwady continental shelf is the 120 km-wide Martaban Depression, at the centre of which is located the Martaban Canyon. Most of the suspended sediment discharge of the Ayeyarwady is transported eastwards by coastal and tidal currents, and trapped in the Gulf of Martaban, resulting in the formation of an extensive mud belt covering an area of more than 45 000 km
2
. Because of these features, the Myanmar shelf ranks amongst the most globally important continental shelves in the world but remains inadequately studied owing to its inaccessibility.
Chapter 2 Continental shelves of Atlantic Canada
Authors: Shaw John , Todd Brian J. , Li Michael Z. , Mosher David C. , Kostylev Vladimir E. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The wide continental shelves of Atlantic Canada are characterized by a series of banks separated by transverse troughs. These shelves have been imprinted by repeated Quaternary glaciations, so that fluvial valleys have been deepened into fjords and shelf-crossing troughs, and a suite of glacigenic sediments has been deposited. In shallow areas the seafloor is shaped by waves and currents, including the strong tidal currents of the macrotidal Bay of Fundy. Glacigenic sediments have been reworked by modern processes to yield thick muds in basins, and thinner deposits of sand and gravel on wave-dominated banks and the littoral zone. As a result of a cold climate and the Labrador Current, seasonal sea ice occurs to varying degrees across the region, and iceberg impact continues on much of the Newfoundland and Labrador shelves. For the purpose of description, we divide Atlantic continental shelves into four regions and focus on advances in understanding over the past several decades relating to: (1) processes on upper continental slopes; (2) glacial history in the last glacial cycle; (3) glacial land systems; (4) geographical changes caused by glacio-isostasy; and (5) sediment mobility on the offshore banks. We conclude with a brief overview of the biota.
Chapter 20 The continental shelves of SE Australia
Authors: Murray-Wallace Colin V. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The continental shelves of SE Australia from the eastern Great Australian Bight to southern New South Wales are situated within a tectonically stable, passive continental margin. The shelves began to develop during Late Cretaceous time and preserve a rich but punctuated record of shallow-marine sedimentation from the Late Paleocene to the present day. The southern margin is the world's largest modern, cool-water temperate carbonate sediment province, a function of the limited terrigenous-clastic sediment being delivered to the coast in response to continental-scale aridity, endorheic drainage and low topographical relief. With the exception of the South Australian gulfs and the protected portions of Bass Strait, the entire shelf sector of SE Australia is a high-energy, storm- and swell-dominated, microtidal province. Along the southern margin, the dominant sedimentary constituents in the modern shelf sediments are skeletal carbonate bioclasts derived from marine invertebrates that include molluscs, foraminifers, bryozoans, coralline algae and echinoids, variably intermixed with quartz sand and heavy minerals (Heterozoan Association). Sediments of Pleistocene and Holocene age are compositionally similar to their modern equivalents, and all show varying degrees of reworking and incorporation of older bioclasts to form the palimpsest sedimentary successions that characterize the entire region. The southern New South Wales sector of the Eastern Australian Shelf is dominated by siliciclastic sediments but preserves relict molluscan-rich carbonate sediments of glacial-age lowstand origin in the outer-shelf region in present water depths exceeding 100 m. The Quaternary stratigraphical record of the SE Australian continental shelves is dominated by successions that formed in the last glacial cycle, but older, inner-shelf successions have been documented from geographically restricted regions such as the South Australian gulfs, Roe and Coorong coastal plains, and the Bass Strait Islands. The outer-shelf successions are not in hydrodynamic equilibrium with modern shelf processes, as reflected in the paucity of mud, and are either largely relict (New South Wales) or dominated by complex modern bryozoan associations.
Chapter 22 Pacific margin, Canada shelf physiography: a complex history of glaciation, tectonism, oceanography and sea-level change
Authors: Barrie J. Vaughn , Hetherington Renée , Macleod Roger 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Canada's western continental shelf can be broadly divided into three geographical regions: Salish Sea, Pacific North Coast and Vancouver Island Shelf. Each region's physiography has been uniquely impacted by a history of glaciation, tectonism, oceanography and sea-level change. Retreat of the Fraser Glaciation started from the Pacific towards the mainland of British Columbia first in the north on Haida Gwaii (16
14
C ka BP) then outer Vancouver Island (14
14
C ka BP), and generally progressed east with ice persisting on the Fraser lowland and northern British Columbia mainland, and possibly the central interbasin coast, until after 10
14
C ka BP. Retreat on the Pacific North Coast was rapid, while downwasting and stagnation occurred in the Salish Sea. Sea levels responded to this deglacial history, with submergence of most of the Salish Sea by over 250 m before 12
14
C ka BP then falling to approximately 100 m where it remained until approximately 10
14
C ka BP, and emergence of the Vancouver Island Shelf with the development of a forebulge. In contrast, the Pacific North Coast crustal loading of the British Columbia mainland and development of a peripheral forebulge towards Haida Gwaii resulted in submergence of the mainland by 120 m and emergence of the western basin by more than 120 m, with regional variation throughout. Holocene sedimentation is primarily restricted to the coastal inlets and fjords, except for the southern Salish Sea off the Fraser River.
Chapter 23 Continental shelves as sediment capacitors or conveyors: source-to-sink insights from the tectonically active Oceanside shelf, southern California, USA
Authors: Covault Jacob A. , Fildani Andrea 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Continental shelves are the key interfaces between terrestrial sediment source areas and deep-sea depositional systems, promoting the transfer of sediment across continental margins. Work on shelves in the context of entire continental-margin sediment-routing systems has focused on their importance as capacitors of sediment during several to tens of thousands of years of post-glacial shoreline transgression and sea-level highstand. We demonstrate that the tectonically active Oceanside shelf offshore southern California has served as an efficient conveyor of sediment from land to the deep sea during millennia of significant climatic fluctuations. This conveyance is a result of littoral drift of sediment to canyon heads at narrow segments of the shelf. We compare insights from the Oceanside shelf to other shelves across the tectonically active Pacific margin of the United States, and demonstrate the importance of shelf width, climatic forcings and timescale of observation in assessing the role of shelves as sediment capacitors or conveyors.
Chapter 24 Geometry of the coastline and morphology of the convergent continental margin of Ecuador
Authors: Dumont Jean François , Santana Essy , Bonnardot Marie-Aude , Pazmiño Nelson , Pedoja Kevin , Scalabrino Bruno 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The pacific border of the South American plate presents a more or less symmetrical sinuosity, with a central concave curvature (the Arica Angle located between two side rays along Chile and Peru) and ending in convex arcs (the Patagonian and Talara arcs, respectively). The width of the continental and coastal margins varies significantly according to the geometry of the border. The continental margin of Ecuador corresponds to the northern part of the Talara Arc. Three different segments showing different coastal geomorphology and continental platform characteristics are identified from north to south: the northern segment (Mataje River–Galera Point) shows a wide continental shelf and slope, the upper subducted slab of the subduction plane presents a low dip; the central segment (Galera Point–Santa Elena) stands in front of the Carnegie Ridge, and presents a moderate uplift in the Manta Peninsula, in front of the Carnegie Ridge, and the upper subduction plane is subhorizontal; the southern segment includes the side and inner coasts of the Gulf of Guayaquil, below the gulf the subduction plane shows a low dip. A comparison with published 3D numerical modelling of curved subduction suggests that the geometry of the continental boundary has a significant effect on uplift or subsidence along the continental margin. Also, the subduction of asperities in the trench, such as the Carnegie Ridge, may change the coastal motion from subsiding to uplifting, as is observed in the Esmeraldas area. There is no clear evidence of a shelf developed during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) sea-level lowstand, probably due to the vertical motion – uplift or subsidence – observed all along the coastal margin.
Chapter 3 History of continental shelf and slope sedimentation on the US middle Atlantic margin
Authors: Miller Kenneth G. , Browning James V. , Mountain Gregory S. , Sheridan Robert E. , Sugarman Peter J. , Glenn Scott , Christensen Beth A. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

We describe sedimentation on the storm-dominated, microtidal, continental shelf and slope of the eastern US passive continental margin between the Hudson and Wilmington canyons. Sediments here recorded sea-level changes over the past 100 myr and provide a classic example of the interplay among eustasy, tectonism and sedimentation. Long-term margin evolution reflects changes in morphology from a Late Cretaceous–Eocene ramp to Oligocene and younger prograding clinothem geometries, a transition found on several other margins. Deltaic systems influenced Cretaceous and Miocene sedimentation, but, in general, the Maastrichtian–Palaeogene shelf was starved of sediment. Pre-Pleistocene sequences follow a repetitive model, with fining- and coarsening-upward successions associated with transgressions and regressions, respectively. Pleistocene–Holocene sequences are generally quite thin (<20 m per sequence) and discontinuous beneath the modern shelf, reflecting starved sedimentation under high rates of eustatic change and low rates of subsidence. However, Pleistocene sequences can attain great thickness (hundreds of metres) beneath the outermost shelf and continental slope. Holocene sedimentation on the inner shelf reflects transgression, decelerating from rates of approximately 3–4 to around 2 mm a
−1
from 5 to 2 ka. Modern shelf sedimentation primarily reflects palimpsest sand sheets plastered and reworked into geostrophically controlled nearshore and shelf shore-oblique sand ridges, and does not provide a good analogue for pre-Pleistocene deposition.

Supplementary material:

References used in the comparison of all dates for New Jersey localities in Figure 3.8 are available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18749
.
Chapter 4 The north and northeast Brazilian tropical shelves
Authors: Vital Helenice 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The Brazilian tropical north shelf (BT N shelf) and the Brazilian tropical northeast shelf (BT NE shelf) along the Atlantic Ocean display unique conditions for tropical passive margins. Together they encompass approximately 3000 km in length, extending from Cape Orange in the north to Abrolhos Bank in the south. Both the north and NE shelves are very shallow and highly energetic systems. The first one is subject to energetic forcing from a number of different sources, including near-resonant semi-diurnal tides, large buoyancy flux from the Amazon River discharge, wind stress from the northeasterly trade winds and strong along-shelf flow associated with the North Brazil Current. The second one is subject to the full strength of the westerly-flowing South Equatorial Current, combined with high winds, moderate–high tidal range and/or waves. The BT N shelf is the largest shelf in Brazil, and is mostly covered with siliciclastic mud and sands because of the enormous water and sediment discharge from the Amazon River. In contrast, the BT NE shelf is narrow and open, and almost entirely covered by carbonate sediments due to the small amount of freshwater and sediment input.
Chapter 9 The Gulf of Cádiz continental shelves
Authors: Lobo F. J. , Le Roy P. , Mendes I. , Sahabi M. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The continental shelves fringing the Gulf of Cádiz are shallow-water environments of high scientific interest as they record the complex interplay between competing sedimentary, tectonic and oceanographic processes. These shelves receive the contributions of fluvial sources of varying significance, evolving laterally to shelf segments dominated by a vigorous oceanographic regime. In the long term, the Gulf of Cádiz margins show lateral physiographical compartmentalization related to the structural imprint.
Recent approaches on the Iberian Shelf have focused on the study of shelf sedimentary processes and long-term evolutionary patterns through the application of high-resolution seismic-sequence stratigraphy concepts. The Late Quaternary record exhibits extensive regressive-lowstand shelf-margin deltas mostly comprising nested sequences disposed in a hierarchical pattern. This complex architecture has been attributed to the leading control of orbitally driven, climatic–eustatic changes. As a result, the Iberian Shelf constitutes an excellent location to study the interaction between sedimentary processes, climatic and sea-level changes. Recently collected data in the Moroccan Shelf allow a high-resolution seismic-sequence stratigraphy scheme to be established. Significant latitudinal changes on depositional sequence architecture are driven by differential accommodation led by the reactivation of deformational fronts during the Pleistocene. As a consequence, this southern shelf constitutes a good example of tectonic control on sequence stratigraphy.
Internalization by Multiple Endocytic Pathways and Lysosomal Processing Impact Maspin-Based Therapeutics
Authors: Bodenstine Thomas M. , Seftor Richard E. B. , Seftor Elisabeth A. , Khalkhali-Ellis Zhila , Samii Nicole A. , Monarrez J. Cesar , Chandler Grace S. , Pemberton Philip A. , Hendrix Mary J. C. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPatients with metastatic disease face high rates of mortality with a paucity of therapeutic options. Protein-based therapeutics provide advantages over traditional chemotherapy through increased specificity, decreased immune impairment, and more direct means of delivery. However, development is often hindered because of insufficient knowledge about protein processing by cells when exogenously applied. This study focuses on recombinant Maspin (rMaspin), a serine protease inhibitor (SERPINB5), which alters invasive properties when directly applied to cancer cells. Previous evidence suggests differences in the effects of rMaspin treatment when compared with endogenous reexpression, with little explanation for these discrepancies. A leading hypothesis is that exogenously applied rMaspin is subject to different regulatory and/or processing mechanisms in cancer cells when compared with endogenous expression. Therefore, a more detailed understanding of the mechanisms of internalization and subcellular trafficking of rMaspin is needed to guide future translational development. We describe the molecular trafficking of rMaspin in cytoplasmic vesicles of the endosomal/lysosomal pathway and characterize its uptake by multiple endocytic mechanisms. Time-lapse laser scanning confocal microscopy shows the uptake, in real time, of dye-labeled rMaspin in cancer cells. This study indicates that cellular processing of rMaspin plays a key role by affecting its biologic activity and highlights the need for new approaches aimed at increasing the availability of rMaspin when used to treat cancer.Implications: Novel characterization of internalization and subcellular trafficking of rMaspin provides new insights for future therapeutic development. Mol Cancer Res; 12(10); 1480–91. ©2014 AACR.
CYP2C19
Genotype Has a Greater Effect on Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and in Asian Populations Treated With Clopidogrel
Authors: Sorich Michael J. , Rowland Andrew , McKinnon Ross A. , Wiese Michael D. 
Published: September 2014

Background—
The degree to which cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 genotype influences the effectiveness of clopidogrel remains uncertain because of considerable heterogeneity in results between studies and potential publication bias. Clopidogrel indication and ethnic population have been proposed to influence the effect of CYP2C19 genotype.

Methods and Results—

A systematic review was undertaken up to 14 November 2013. Meta-analysis of the
CYP2C19
genotype effect was stratified by the predominant clopidogrel indication (percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI] versus non-PCI) and ethnic population (white versus Asian) of each primary study. The primary analysis was restricted to studies with ≥500 participants, which comprised 24 studies and a total of 36 076 participants. The association between carriage of ≥1
CYP2C19
loss-of-function (LoF) allele and major cardiovascular outcomes differed significantly (
P
<0.001) between studies of whites not undergoing PCI (relative risk 0.99 [95% confidence interval, 0.84–1.17]; n=7043), whites undergoing PCI (1.20 [1.10–1.31]; n=19,016), and Asians undergoing PCI (1.91 [1.61–2.27]; n=10,017). Similar differences were identified in secondary analyses of 2
CYP2C19
LoF alleles, stent thrombosis outcomes, and studies with ≥200 participants. Minimal heterogeneity was apparent between studies of Asian populations.

Conclusions—

The reported association between
CYP2C19
LoF allele carriage and major cardiovascular outcomes differs based on the ethnic population of the study and, to a lesser extent, the clopidogrel indication. This is potentially of major importance given that over 50% of Asians carry ≥1
CYP2C19
LoF alleles.