bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Palos Verdes anticlinorium along the Los Angeles, California coast: Implications for underlying thrust faulting
Authors: Sorlien Christopher C. , Seeber Leonardo , Broderick Kris G. , Luyendyk Bruce P. , Fisher Michael A. , Sliter Ray W. , Normark William R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe Palos Verdes anticlinorium (PVA) is a 70 km‐wide, NW‐trending Pliocene‐Quaternary transpressional high that separates the onshore Los Angeles basin from the offshore San Pedro basin. The PVA southwest limb underlies a 70 km‐long SW facing seafloor escarpment. This escarpment is separated into two segments by a 6 km right step. It overlies two levels of NE dipping low‐angle thrust faults. These faults project beneath Los Angeles toward known SW verging blind thrust faults and may be the same regional faults. These conclusions are based on a detailed geometric representation constructed from a regional analysis of 5000 km of multichannel seismic reflection profiles, logs, and paleontology from 19 wells, published seafloor geology, and multibeam bathymetric data. Patterns of sedimentation and erosion indicate that folding of PVA initiated during Pliocene time and propagated southward, with folding of part of the southern PVA occurring during the Quaternary. Structural relief continues to grow with regional long‐term rock uplift of the PVA crest and ongoing subsidence in the adjacent basins. The low‐angle NE‐dipping faults beneath the PVA must be late Quaternary active in order to maintain hanging wall rock uplift above subsiding footwalls. Structural geometry requires that the underlying faults have slipped at 1.1–1.6 mm/yr over Quaternary time.
Computerised cognitive behavioural therapy for depression and anxiety with older people: a pilot study to examine patient acceptability and treatment outcome
Authors: McMurchie William , Macleod Fiona , Power Kevin , Laidlaw Ken , Prentice Neil 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveThe study objective was to determine the acceptability and treatment outcome of using Beating the Blues (BTB) with older people (65+ years). Specific aims included identifying the treatment uptake and drop‐out rate, and describing the role of basic demographics in therapy uptake.MethodFifty‐eight participants, experiencing symptoms of depression, were given a free choice of receiving treatment as usual (TAU) plus BTB (TAU + BTB) or TAU alone. All participants completed demographic questionnaires and a range of outcome measures at baseline, 2 months after baseline (end of treatment) and 3 months after baseline (follow‐up).ResultsThirty‐three participants (56.9%) opted to receive BTB and reported having more experience and confidence using a computer than those who declined BTB. Twenty‐four participants (72.7%) went on to complete all eight BTB sessions. Statistical analysis found significant differences between the two treatment groups, with the TAU + BTB group showing greater improvements in their symptoms of depression and anxiety than the TAU group by the end of treatment and at follow‐up. Furthermore, the TAU + BTB group had a significantly higher percentage of participants who met criteria for clinically significant improvement in their symptoms of depression by the end of treatment and at follow‐up.ConclusionAlthough further research is required, including a randomised controlled trial, the results of this initial pilot study provide evidence that BTB may offer an acceptable and effective treatment option for older people. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Climate impact of stratospheric ozone recovery
Authors: Bekki S. , Rap A. , Poulain V. , Dhomse S. , Marchand M. , Lefevre F. , Forster P.M. , Szopa S. , Chipperfield M.P. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPast stratospheric ozone depletion has acted to cool the Earth's surface. As the result of the phase‐out of anthropogenic halogenated compounds emissions, stratospheric ozone is projected to recover and its radiative forcing (RF‐O3 ~ −0.05 W/m2 presently) might therefore be expected to decay in line with ozone recovery itself. Using results from chemistry‐climate models, we find that, although model projections using a standard greenhouse gas scenario broadly agree on the future evolution of global ozone, they strongly disagree on RF‐O3 because of a large model spread in ozone changes in a narrow (several km thick) layer, in the northern lowermost stratosphere. Clearly, future changes in global stratospheric ozone cannot be considered an indicator of its overall RF. The multi‐model mean RF‐O3 estimate for 2100 is +0.06 W/m2 but with a range such that it could remain negative throughout this century or change sign and reach up to ~0.25 W/m2.
High‐frequency precipitation and stream water quality time series from Plynlimon, Wales: an openly accessible data resource spanning the periodic table
Authors: Neal Colin , Reynolds Brian , Kirchner James W. , Rowland Phil , Norris Dave , Sleep Darren , Lawlor Alan , Woods Clive , Thacker Sarah , Guyatt Hayley , Vincent Colin , Lehto Kathryn , Grant Simon , Williams Jeremy , Neal Margaret , Wickham Heather , Harman Sarah , Armstrong Linda 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis scientific briefing announces the availability of a new multi‐element high‐frequency water quality data set that is openly accessible to the research community. The data set comprises up to 2 years of 7‐hourly water quality data for two streams and one rainfall site in the Upper Severn catchment at Plynlimon in Mid‐Wales. The measurements cover 50 analytes ranging from H+ to U and spanning six orders of magnitude in concentration, including major, minor and trace elements as well as nutrients, and they complement decades of weekly measurements of the same analytes at the Upper Severn. Together, the weekly and 7‐hourly time series provide a unique data set for studying both long‐term trends and short‐term dynamics. The data show complex behaviour over a wide range of timescales, challenging our understanding of catchment processes and informing future modelling efforts. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bayesian Methods for Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Pazopanib‐Induced Increases in Blood Pressure and Transaminases
Authors: Suttle A. Benjamin , de Souza Paul , Arumugham Thangam 
Published: March 2013

AbstractRelationships between plasma pazopanib concentrations and the probability of elevations in blood pressure, a marker of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibition, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were investigated with logistic regression models. Data from a Phase I dose‐escalation study in cancer patients (n = 57) were examined to determine the relationship between steady‐state trough plasma pazopanib concentrations (Cτ) and a clinically significant blood pressure increase, using a Bayesian logistic regression model. Data from 5 monotherapy studies in cancer patients (n = 344) were pooled to investigate the relationship between Cτ and maximum ALT ≥ 3× the upper limit of normal (ULN), using a Bayesian logistic regression model incorporating an asymptote. Both models were fit using WinBUGS. The median (95% credible interval, CrI) Cτ at which the probability of a clinically significant increase in blood pressure was 50% (EC50) was 12.3 μg/mL (6.12, 18.4). The median (95% CrI) EC50 for the maximum probability of ALT ≥ 3 × ULN was 15.4 μg/mL (3.8, 41.2) and the median (95% CrI) maximum probability of ALT ≥ 3 × ULN was 21% (14.5, 43.1). Results suggest that dose adjustments could be useful in managing the potential for hepatotoxicity.
Application of response surface methodology (RSM) for optimization of Cu2+, Cd2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Fe2+, and Zn2+ removal from aqueous solution using microwaved olive stone activated carbon
Authors: Alslaibi Tamer M. , Abustan Ismail , Ahmad Mohd Azmier , Foul Ahmad Abu 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe efficiencies of removal of Cu2+, Cd2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Fe2+, and Zn2+ from aqueous solution with olive stone activated carbon (OSAC) were investigated in this work. A central composite design (CCD) method was used to optimize the preparation of OSAC using microwave assisted potassium hydroxide.RESULTSThe optimum conditions obtained were 565 W radiation power, 7 min radiation time, and 1.87 impregnation ratio. This resulted in 98.55% removal of Cu2+, 95.32% of Cd2+, 98.19% of Ni2+ 98.83% of Pb2+, 99.32% of Fe2+, 98.36% of Zn2+, and 85.15% of OSAC yield. The surface characteristics of the AC prepared under optimized conditions were examined by pore structure analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). The BET surface area, total pore volume and average pore diameter of the prepared AC were 1280.71 m2 g−1, 0.604 cm3 g−1 and 4.63 nm, respectively. The equilibrium data of the adsorption was well fitted to the Langmuir equation and the highest value of adsorption capacity (Q) on the OSAC was found for Fe2+ (62.50 mg g−1), followed by Pb2+ (23.47 mg g−1), Cu2+ (22.73 mg g−1), Zn2+ (15.08 mg g−1), Ni2+ (12.00 mg g−1), and Zn2+ (11.72 mg g−1).CONCLUSIONSOSAC prepared by microwaves can be used for the removal of metals from contaminated wastewater. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Hydrazine hydrate chemical reduction as an effective anode modification method to improve the performance of microbial fuel cells
Authors: Jin Tao , Zhou Lei , Luo Jianmei , Yang Jie , Zhao Yingying , Zhou Minghua 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe anode material is considered a key factor influencing the energy conversion in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) because it links microbiology and electrochemistry. To further improve power generation, carbon mesh anodes modified by hydrazine hydrate chemical reduction were applied in air‐cathode MFCs.ResultsThe power densities of MFCs using hydrazine‐treated anodes were all higher than the untreated control, among which a 30% hydrazine hydrate‐modified anode (CM‐30%) showed the best performance. The maximum power density reached 865 mW m−2, which was 31% higher than the unmodified control (CM‐0%, 662 mW m−2). The Coulombic efficiency (CE) increased from 10.7% to 13.3% (improved by 24.3%). Furthermore, the acclimation time was reduced from 142 h to 95 h, shortened by 32% compared with the control. Such improvement in MFCs performance was correlated with the increased surface area revealed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the change of surface functional groups revealed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. This enhancement in MFCs performance was also proved feasible when using real swine wastewater as substrate.ConclusionsThe results indicated that hydrazine hydrate chemical reduction was an effective method for anode modification to improve the performance of MFCs. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Batch biosorption of radioactive thallium on solid waste of oleum rosea process
Authors: Yapici Sinan , Eroglu Hayrettin 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn nuclear medicine, the discharge of the radionuclides waste into the environment can cause serious environmental problems. It is preferable to remove these radionuclides from aqueous waste before discharging. Biosorption as an alternative has been becoming more important. The aim of the present work is to remove radioactive Tl‐201 by biosorption from the aqueous media using the solid waste of an oleum rosea processing plant as a biosorbent.RESULTSRadioactive Tl‐201 was removed from aqueous solution by biosorption in a stirred batch process with experimental parameters pH, temperature, adsorbent dose, nominal adsorbent size, and stirring speed. The effectiveness of the parameters in decreasing order was found to be initial pH, particle size and adsorbent dose. The biosorption yield is slightly reduced with increasing temperature, and no considerable effect of stirring speed was observed. The process is multi‐layered on the heterogeneous surface and has a physical character. Negative ΔG showed that the process is spontaneous, and negative ΔH indicates that the process has exothermic character.CONCLUSIONSThe process has serious potential because of its fast biosorption rate with an equilibrium period of about 10 min and high biosorption yields up to 93%. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Alternative ice shelf equilibria determined by ocean environment
Authors: Sergienko O. V. , Goldberg D. N. , Little C. M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDynamic and thermodynamic regimes of ice shelves experiencing weak (1 m year−1) to strong (~10 m year−1) basal melting in cold (bottom temperature close to the in situ freezing point) and warm oceans (bottom temperature more than half of a degree warmer than the in situ freezing point) are investigated using a 1‐D coupled ice/ocean model complemented with a newly derived analytic expression for the steady state temperature distribution in ice shelves. This expression suggests the existence of a basal thermal boundary layer with thickness inversely proportional to the basal melt rate. Model simulations show that ice shelves afloat in warm ocean waters have significantly colder internal ice temperatures than those that float in cold waters. Our results indicate that in steady states, the mass balance of ice shelves experiencing strong and weak melting is controlled by different processes: in ice shelves with strong melting, it is a balance between ice advection and basal melting, and in ice shelves with weak melting, it is a balance between ice advection and deformation. Sensitivity simulations show that ice shelves in cold and warm oceans respond differently to increase of the ocean heat content. Ice shelves in cold waters are more sensitive to warming of the ocean bottom waters, while ice shelves in warm waters are more sensitive to shallowing of the depth of the thermocline.
Spatial and seasonal variability of diffusive methane emissions from the Three Gorges Reservoir
Authors: Yang Le , Lu Fei , Wang Xiaoke , Duan Xiaonan , Song Wenzhi , Sun Binfeng , Zhang Qianqian , Zhou Yongjuan 
Published: March 2013

AbstractTo investigate temporal and spatial variations in diffusive CH4 emission from the surface of the Three Gorges Reservoir, CH4 emissions were measured using the static chamber technique along the mainstream of the reservoir from January to December 2010. The overall average CH4 flux is 7.93 mg CH4 m−2 d−1, which is comparable to those from other temperate reservoirs but significantly lower than those from tropical reservoirs. Seasonal variations showed that CH4 emission reached the maximum in the summer and turned to the low levels in the other seasons; such variations reflected the seasonal dynamics of temperature, dissolved oxygen, and water velocity. Moreover, the yearly average CH4 flux decreased from upstream to downstream before the Three Gorges Dam, but CH4 emission from the surface of the downstream river was higher than that from the surface at Zigui, the upstream water before the Three Gorges Dam. The differences in water velocity and allochthonous input of organic matter probably caused the spatial variations in CH4 emission. These results indicate that systematic sampling is needed to better estimate CH4 emission through coverage of the temporal and spatial scales and to better assess the influence of CH4 emission from the Three Gorges Reservoir on climate change in China, as well as the rest of the world.
Clinical outcomes for rectal carcinoid tumors according to a new (AJCC 7th edition) TNM staging system: A single institutional analysis of 122 patients
Authors: Kim Min Sung , Hur Hyuk , Min Byung Soh , Baik Seung Hyuk , Lee Kang Young , Kim Nam Kyu 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThis study aimed to describe clinical outcomes of rectal carcinoids according to the 7th American Joint Council on Cancer (AJCC) TNM staging system.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 122 patients who were treated for rectal carcinoids between 1995 and 2010.ResultsAmong 122 patients, 81.2% (n = 99) were classified as stage I, 4.9% (n = 6) as stage II, 11.5% (n = 14) as stage III, and 2.5% (n = 3) as stage IV. Lymph node (LN) metastasis rates for pT1a, 1b, 2, and 3 stages were 1.2% (1/85), 16.7% (3/18), 0% (0/4) and 84.6% (11/13), respectively. The 5‐year overall survival (OS) rate was 88.4%. The 5‐year OS rates were estimated to be 100%, 80%, 51.4% and 0% for stage I, II, III, and IV, respectively (P < 0.001). The 5‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) rate was 82.3%. The 5‐year DFS rates were estimated to be 97.7%, 62.5%, 17.1%, and 0% for stages I, II, III, and IV, respectively (P < 0.001).ConclusionsUsing the new TNM stage, we confirmed a prognostic difference in LN metastasis rates, OS, and DFS for rectal carcinoids. In clinical practice, the new TNM stage can be very useful for predicting prognosis. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;107:835–841. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Radiologic reporting for paranasal sinus computed tomography: A multi‐institutional review of content and consistency
Authors: Deutschmann Michael W. , Yeung Jeffrey , Bosch Michael , Lysack John T. , Kingstone Michael , Kilty Shaun J. , Rudmik Luke R. 
Published: March 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo optimize clinical care, radiologic reporting should consistently include clinically pertinent information. The purpose of this study was to: 1) determine the current satisfaction of otolaryngologists with paranasal sinus computed tomography (CT) radiologic reporting and 2) evaluate the comprehensiveness of paranasal sinus CT radiologic reporting.Study DesignTwo parts: 1) A national survey of all practicing otolaryngologists in Canada and 2) a retrospective review of paranasal sinus CT scan radiologic reporting.MethodsA national survey of all Canadian otolaryngologists was conducted in September 2011. Questions were focused on eliciting the current satisfaction with sinus CT radiologic reporting. At two major centers (Alberta Health Services–Calgary Zone and the Ottawa Hospital), all sinus CT scans performed over a 2‐year period were identified (9,739), and 100 from each center were randomly selected for analysis. The radiology reports were scrutinized to determine if seven critical and 11 noncritical items were mentioned.ResultsMany (22%) otolaryngologists are dissatisfied with current sinus CT radiologic reporting, and the majority (67%) would like more clinically useful information. All predefined sinus CT items were inconsistently reported. Anterior ethmoid artery anatomy, ethmoid skull base integrity, and sphenoethmoidal cell were the most infrequently reported critical items.ConclusionsThis study has demonstrated that important information is inconsistently reported for sinus CT, and most otolaryngologists would like to see more clinically relevant content in radiology reports. Optimizing the reporting of sinus CT scans will improve communication between the radiologist and other clinicians managing patients with sinonasal disease.Level of Evidence2b
Autophagy is involved in the effects of resveratrol on prevention of splenocyte apoptosis caused by oxidative stress in restrained mice
Authors: Duan Wen‐Jun , Liu Fang‐Lan , He Rong‐Rong , Yuan Wei‐Lin , Li Yi‐Fang , Tsoi Bun , Su Wei‐Wei , Yao Xin‐Sheng , Kurihara Hiroshi 
Published: March 2013

ScopeResveratrol, a powerful natural compound for human health, is widely reported for its immunity‐related beneficial properties. However, few works have studied its effect mechanism on immunity. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of resveratrol on splenic immunity in restraint stressed mice and the mechanism was further studied as autophagy induction.Methods and resultsMice were administered with resveratrol for 7 days consecutively, fixed in restraint cages for 18 h, and recovered for 12 h after the last administration. Data showed that restraint led to spleen damages, including declined spleen index, decreased CD4+ T‐cell number, increased mitochondrial oxidative damage, and apoptosis of splenocytes. Resveratrol, vitamin C (antioxidant), and rapamycin (autophagy agonist) protected spleen functions. Meanwhile, rapamycin augmented the effects of resveratrol that were abolished by chloroquine (autophagy antagonists). Further studies showed that expressions of Beclin 1 and LC3β required in autophagy development were significantly upregulated by resveratrol but not by vitamin C.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that resveratrol preserved splenic immunity of restraint stressed mice. It is meaningful to find that autophagy, apart from reactive oxygen species clearance, is included as a potential mechanism via which resveratrol ameliorated the state of oxidative stress and thus protected splenocytes in mice.
A new approach to shimming: The dynamically controlled adaptive current network
Authors: Harris Chad. T. , Handler William B. , Chronik Blaine A. 
Published: March 2013

PurposeMagnetic field homogeneity is important in all aspects of magnetic resonance imaging. A new approach to increase field homogeneity is presented that allows dynamic and adaptive control over the flow of current over a single surface using a network of actively controlled solid‐state switches.MethodsComputer simulations were completed demonstrating the potential of this approach. Wire patterns were produced using the boundary element method to remove magnetic field inhomogeneities over multiple regions of interest. Field maps and regions of interest histograms were compared with and without the shim present. A prototype was constructed confirming the feasibility of this approach within the magnetic resonance environment. Metal–oxide–semiconductor field‐effect transistors were used. Two field maps were acquired with the prototype producing gradient and offset field profiles, respectively. The experimental field profiles were compared with simulation.ResultsThe wire patterns significantly increased field homogeneity over all regions of interest investigated. The field profiles produced by the prototype matched simulation. No imaging artifacts were produced.ConclusionsAn approach to control the shape of a current distribution over a single surface has been described. This method has the potential to improve field homogeneity over any desired region of interest and is particularly well suited for dynamic applications. The method is feasible with current technology and construction techniques. Magn Reson Med 71:859–869, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
News Algorithms for tensor decomposition based on a reduced functional
Authors: Kindermann Stefan , Navasca Carmeliza 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYWe study the least squares functional of the canonical polyadic tensor decomposition for third order tensors by eliminating one factor matrix, which leads to a reduced functional. An analysis of the reduced functional leads to several equivalent optimization problem, such as a Rayleigh quotient or a projection. These formulations are the basis of several new algorithms as follows: the Centroid Projection method for efficient computation of suboptimal solutions and fixed‐point iteration methods for approximating the best rank‐1 and the best rank‐R decompositions under certain nondegeneracy conditions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Incompressibility in the multimodel Arlequin framework
Authors: Jamond Olivier , Dhia Hachmi Ben 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYIn this paper, we show how one can account for the incompressibility constraint within the multimodel Arlequin framework. The main issue is the treatment of a double constraining of the displacement fields in the gluing model zone. An elastic incompressible structure problem is considered. An incompressible Arlequin formulation of this problem is developed and supported by a stability and consistency result. Its discretization by means of mixed finite elements is detailed. The Inf–Sup condition is numerically discussed for different choices of the Arlequin method parameters. Several numerical tests are conducted and practical recommendations for appropriate choices of these parameters are clearly stated. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.