bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arthroscopic Treatment of Anterior Ankle Impingement
Authors: Walsh Stewart J. , Twaddle Bruce C. , Rosenfeldt Michael P. , Boyle Matthew J. 
Published: September 2014

Background: Midterm outcomes after arthroscopic debridement in patients with anterior ankle impingement without osteoarthritis are currently unclear. Purpose: To assess the functional and radiological outcomes after arthroscopic treatment of anterior ankle impingement with a minimum 5-year follow-up in patients without osteoarthritis. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: From September 1999 to March 2006, a consecutive series of eligible patients without ankle osteoarthritis and with anterior ankle impingement, who had persistent ankle pain and activity restrictions despite at least 6 months of nonoperative management, underwent standardized arthroscopic debridement and followed uniform postoperative management. Patients were assessed preoperatively and at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months and then at 1-year intervals after surgery until a minimum of 5 years’ follow-up had been achieved, with weightbearing ankle dorsiflexion, Foot Functional Index (FFI), and plain radiography including Scranton and McDermott classification (SMC) grade and tibial osteophyte size. Results: A total of 46 patients (42 male, 4 female) were prospectively assessed, with a mean age at surgery of 29 years (range, 16-44 years) and a mean follow-up duration of 5.1 years (range, 5.0-7.5 years). Preoperative ankle radiographs demonstrated a median SMC grade of 2 and a mean tibial osteophyte size of 5.1 mm. At a minimum of 5 years postoperatively, patients demonstrated limited improvement in ankle dorsiflexion (mean, 24.7° [preoperatively] vs 27.0° [final follow-up]; P = .049); however, they demonstrated substantial improvement in the FFI (mean, 20.5 [preoperatively] vs 2.7 [final follow-up]; P < .001). Postoperatively, 84% of patients showed a recurrence of radiological osteophytes, with plain radiographs at final follow-up demonstrating no significant difference in the SMC grade ( P = .107) or tibial osteophyte size ( P = .212) compared with preoperative imaging. There was no significant effect of patient age, sex, body mass index, or SMC grade at the time of surgery on any of the postoperative outcome measures. Conclusion: In this prospective outcome study of 46 patients without osteoarthritis managed arthroscopically for anterior ankle impingement, the functional outcome scores had significantly improved at 5 years postoperatively despite a recurrence of radiographic osteophytes.
Functional and Imaging Outcomes of Arthroscopic Simultaneous Rotator Cuff Repair and Bankart Repair After Shoulder Dislocations
Authors: Shields Edward , Mirabelli Mark , Amsdell Simon , Thorsness Robert , Goldblatt John , Maloney Michael , Voloshin Ilya 
Published: September 2014

Background: Previous studies have investigated outcomes of simultaneous rotator cuff (RC) repair and superior labral injury repair; however, there is limited information in the literature on outcomes of simultaneous RC repair and Bankart lesion repair after acute shoulder dislocations. Purpose: To determine functional and imaging outcomes of simultaneous arthroscopic RC repair and Bankart repair after acute shoulder dislocations and to compare functional outcomes to contralateral, asymptomatic shoulders. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent arthroscopic simultaneous RC repair and Bankart repair with a minimum of 2 years’ follow-up were recruited. All patients had suffered an acute shoulder dislocation. The American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), Constant-Murley, and Short Form (SF)–36 scores were obtained. The affected shoulder also underwent ultrasound imaging to assess the integrity of the RC. Results: Thirteen patients (mean age, 58.8 ± 11.2 years; mean follow-up, 38.5 ± 12.3 months) were recruited. In a comparison of the affected versus unaffected shoulder, there were no significant differences in the mean ASES score (89.7 ± 12.6 vs 95.0 ± 6.7, respectively), mean Constant score (80.5 ± 18.9 vs 86.8 ± 7.9, respectively), or mean abduction strength (15.4 ± 6.4 lb vs 15.4 ± 5.2 lb, respectively) ( P > .05). The mean SF-36 physical component summary was 48.4. According to ultrasound imaging, there were persistent/recurrent full-thickness tears in 4 patients, and 1 patient had a new full-thickness tear. At follow-up, patients with full-thickness RC tears in the affected shoulder compared with their unaffected shoulder showed similar mean ASES scores (90.9 ± 11.8 vs 97.6 ± 4.3, respectively), mean Constant scores (77.8 ± 20.3 vs 84.8 ± 7.2, respectively), and mean abduction strength (11.5 ± 5.3 lb vs 12.6 ± 4.5 lb, respectively) ( P > .05). Conclusion: After simultaneous arthroscopic repair of the RC and a Bankart lesion in patients after shoulder dislocations, the affected extremity had similar functional outcomes compared to the noninjured, asymptomatic side at a mean of 3 years after surgery. Persistent or recurrent RC tears involving the operative extremity were common, but they did not significantly affect functional outcomes in this small study.
Multivisceral Resection for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: Prognostic Factors Influencing Outcome
Authors: Mañas M.J. , Espín E. , López-Cano M. , Vallribera F. , Armengol-Carrasco M. 
Published: September 2014

Aims: To assess outcome in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer undergoing multivisceral resection. Methods: Retrospective study of 30 consecutive patients (mean age 67.8 years) with primary locally advanced rectal cancer undergoing en bloc multivisceral resection of the organs involved with curative intent between 1998 and 2010. Overall survival, local and distal recurrence, and disease-free survival were analyzed by the Kaplan–Meier method. Risk factors for clinical outcome were obtained using a Cox multivariate model. Results: Postoperative complications occurred in 76.7% of patients and the in-hospital mortality rate was 10%. The median follow-up was 28.8 months. A total of 19 patients died at follow-up. Of the 11 patients who were alive, 7 were free of disease. In the multivariate analysis, lymph node involvement, stage II, and lymph vascular invasion were significantly associated with survival, and stage III showed a strong trend towards significance. Suture dehiscence (peritonitis and intra-abdominal abscess) showed a significant trend towards a higher local recurrence. Lymph vascular invasion was associated with a higher distant recurrence. Conclusion: Lymph node involvement was associated with worse survival, whereas stage II and absence of lymph vascular invasion were associated with a better survival. Lymph vascular invasion was associated with a higher distant recurrence.
Smoking and Cognitive Impairment Among Older Persons in Malaysia
Authors: Momtaz Yadollah Abolfathi , Ibrahim Rahimah , Hamid Tengku Aizan , Chai Sen Tyng 
Published: September 2014

Introduction: Previous studies have shown conflicting results on the association between smoking and cognitive function. This study aims to examine the relationship of smoking with cognitive function. Methodology: Data for the study, consisting of 2553 older adults aged 60 years and older, were drawn from a nationwide household survey entitled “Determinants of Wellness among Older Malaysians: A Health Promotion Perspective” conducted in 2010. Results: Current smokers had lower rates of cognitive impairment compared to never smokers (17.4% vs 25.9%), while cognitive function in former or ex-smokers was almost similar to that of the never smokers. Findings from multiple logistic regression analysis showed that current smokers were 37% less likely to be cognitively impaired, compared to the never smokers (odds ratio [OR] = .63; 95% confidence interval [CI]: .46-.86) while controlling for potential confounders. No difference in cognitive function was observed between former smokers and never smokers (OR = .94; 95% CI: .71-1.25). Conclusion: Although the findings indicated a negative association between cigarette smoking and cognitive impairment, we are unable to conclude whether this relationship is causal or affected by other unmeasured confounding factors, especially survival bias.
Anatomical and histomorphometric observations on the transfer of the anterior interosseous nerve to the deep branch of the ulnar nerve
Authors: Schenck T. L. , Stewart J. , Lin S. , Aichler M. , Machens H.-G. , Giunta R. E. 
Published: September 2014

This study focuses on the anatomical and histomorphometric features of the transfer of the anterior interosseous nerve to the deep motor branch of the ulnar nerve. The transfer was carried out in 15 cadaver specimens and is described using relevant anatomical landmarks. Nerve samples of donor and target nerves were histomorphometrically analysed and compared. The superficial and the deep ulnar branches had to be separated from each other for a length of 67 mm (SD 12; range 50–85) to reach the site of coaptation. We identified a suitable site for coaptation lying proximal to the pronator quadratus muscle, 202 mm (SD 15; range 185–230) distal to the medial epicondyle of the humerus. The features of the anterior interosseous nerve included a smaller nerve diameter, smaller cross-sectional area of fascicles, fewer fascicles and axons, but a similar axon density. The histomorphometric inferiority of the anterior interosseous nerve raises a question about whether it should be transferred only to selected parts of the deep motor branch of the ulnar nerve. Level III
Exhaled nitric oxide during infancy as a risk factor for asthma and airway hyperreactivity
Authors: Chang Daniel , Yao Weiguo , Tiller Christina J. , Kisling Jeffrey , Slaven James E. , Yu Zhangsheng , Kaplan Mark H. , Tepper Robert S. 
Published: September 2014

Childhood asthma is often characterised by elevated exhaled nitric oxide (eNO), decreased lung function, increased airway reactivity and atopy; however, our understanding of when these phenotypic airway characteristics develop remains unclear. This study evaluated whether eNO, lung function, airway reactivity and immune characteristics during infancy are risk factors of asthma at age 5 years.Infants with eczema, enrolled prior to wheezy illness (n=116), had eNO, spirometry, airway reactivity and allergen sensitisation assessed at entry to the study and repeated at age 5 years (n=90).Increasing eNO at entry was associated with an increased risk of asthma (p=0.037) and increasing airway reactivity (p=0.015) at age 5 years. Children with asthma at 5 years of age had a greater increase in eNO between infancy and age 5 years compared with those without asthma (p=0.002). Egg sensitisation at entry was also associated with an increased risk of asthma (p=0.020), increasing eNO (p = 0.002) and lower forced expiratory flows (p=0.029) as a 5 year-old.Our findings suggest that, among infants at high risk for developing asthma, eNO early in life may provide important insights into the subsequent risk of asthma and its airway characteristics.
Iloprost reverses established fibrosis in experimental right ventricular failure
Authors: Gomez-Arroyo Jose , Sakagami Masahiro , Syed Aamer A. , Farkas Laszlo , Van Tassell Benjamin , Kraskauskas Donatas , Mizuno Shiro , Abbate Antonio , Bogaard Harm J. , Byron Peter R. , Voelkel Norbert F. 
Published: September 2014

Prostacyclin and its analogues improve cardiac output and functional capacity in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH); however, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. We hypothesised that prostanoids have load-independent beneficial effects on the right ventricle (RV).Angio-obliterative PAH and RV failure were induced in rats with a single injection of SU5416 followed by 4 weeks of exposure to hypoxia. Upon confirmation of RV dysfunction and PAH, rats were randomised to 0.1 μg·kg−1nebulised iloprost or drug-free vehicle, three times daily for 2 weeks. RV function and treadmill running time were evaluated pre- and post-iloprost/vehicle treatment. Pulmonary artery banded rats were treated 8 weeks after surgery to allow for significant RV hypertrophy.Inhaled iloprost significantly improved tricuspid annulus plane systolic excursion and increased exercise capacity, while mean pulmonary artery pressure and the percentage of occluded pulmonary vessels remained unchanged. Rats treated with iloprost had a striking reduction in RV collagen deposition, procollagen mRNA levels and connective tissue growth factor expression in both SU5416/hypoxia and pulmonary artery banded rats.In vitro, cardiac fibroblasts treated with iloprost showed a reduction in transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced connective tissue growth factor expression, in a protein kinase A-dependent manner. Iloprost decreased TGF-β1-induced procollagen mRNA expression as well as cardiac fibroblast activation and migration. Iloprost significantly induced metalloproteinase-9 gene expression and activity and increased the expression of autophagy genes associated with collagen degradation.Inhaled iloprost improves RV function and reverses established RV fibrosis partially by preventing collagen synthesis and by increasing collagen turnover.
Identification of novel microRNAs in the Verticillium wilt-resistant upland cotton variety KV-1 by high-throughput sequencing
Authors: He Xiaohong , Sun Quan , Jiang Huaizhong , Zhu Xiaoyan , Mo Jianchuan , Long Lu , Xiang Liuxin , Xie Yongfang , Shi Yuzhen , Yuan Youlu , Cai Yingfan 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Plant microRNAs (miRNAs) play essential roles in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression during development, flowering, plant growth, metabolism, and stress responses. Verticillium wilt is one of the vascular disease in plants, which is caused by the Verticillium dahlia and leads to yellowing, wilting, lodging, damage to the vascular tissue, and death in cotton plants. Upland cotton varieties KV-1 have shown resistance to Verticillium wilt in multiple levels. However, the knowledge regarding the post-transcriptional regulation of the resistance is limited. Here two novel small RNA (sRNA) libraries were constructed from the seedlings of upland cotton variety KV-1, which is highly resistant to Verticillium wilts and inoculated with the V991 and D07038 Verticillium dahliae (V. dahliae) of different virulence strains. Thirty-seven novel miRNAs were identified after sequencing these two libraries by the Illumina Solexa system. According to sequence homology analysis, potential target genes of these miRNAs were predicted. With no more than three sequence mismatches between the novel miRNAs and the potential target mRNAs, we predicted 49 target mRNAs for 24 of the novel miRNAs.
These target mRNAs corresponded to genes were found to be involved in plant–pathogen interactions, endocytosis, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, and the biosynthesis of isoquinoline alkaloid, terpenoid backbone, primary bile acid and secondary metabolites. Our results showed that some of these miRNAs and their relative gene are involved in resistance to Verticillium wilts. The identification and characterization of miRNAs from upland cotton could help further studies on the miRNA regulatory mechanisms of resistance to Verticillium wilt.
Elevated DDX21 regulates c-Jun activity and rRNA processing in human breast cancers
Authors: Zhang Yandong , Baysac Kathleen C , Yee Lian-Fai , Saporita Anthony J , Weber Jason D 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Introduction
The DDX21 RNA helicase has been shown to be a nucleolar and nuclear protein involved in ribosome RNA processing and AP-1 transcription. DDX21 is highly expressed in colon cancer, lymphomas, and some breast cancers, but little is known about how DDX21 might promote tumorigenesis.

Methods
Immunohistochemistry was performed on a breast cancer tissue array of 187 patients. In order to study the subcellular localization of DDX21 in both tumor tissue and tumor cell lines, indirect immunofluorescence was applied. The effect of DDX21 knockdown was measured by cellular apoptosis, rRNA processing assays, soft agar growth and mouse xenograft imaging. AP-1 transcriptional activity was analyzed with a luciferase reporter and bioluminescence imaging, as well as qRT-PCR analysis of downstream target, cyclin D1, to determine the mechanism of action for DDX21 in breast tumorigenesis.

Results
Herein, we show that DDX21 is highly expressed in breast cancer tissues and established cell lines. A significant number of mammary tumor tissues and established breast cancer cell lines exhibit nuclear but not nucleolar localization of DDX21. The protein expression level of DDX21 correlates with cell proliferation rate and is markedly induced by EGF signaling. Mechanistically, DDX21 is required for the phosphorylation of c-Jun on Ser73 and DDX21 deficiency markedly reduces the transcriptional activity of AP-1. Additionally, DDX21 promotes rRNA processing in multiple breast cancer cell lines. Tumor cells expressing high levels of endogenous DDX21 undergo apoptosis after acute DDX21 knockdown, resulting in significant reduction of tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that DDX21 expression in breast cancer cells can promote AP-1 activity and rRNA processing, and thus, promote tumorigenesis by two independent mechanisms. DDX21 could serve as a marker for a subset of breast cancer patients with higher proliferation potential and may be used as a therapeutic target for a subset of breast cancer patients.
Analysis of dyes in textiles from the Chehrabad salt mine in Iran
Authors: Mouri Chika , Aali Abolfazl , Zhang Xian , Laursen Richard 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This study describes the analysis of dyes from three textile specimens associated with human remains found in the Chehrabad salt mine in northwestern Iran dating to 2000 ± 400 years BP. They are unique for this part of the world not only because of their age, but because they represent textiles used by common people (salt miners) as opposed to funerary garments of the wealthy. Samples of yarns from these specimens were extracted and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array and mass spectrometric detection. The red dye was obtained from madder (specifically Rubia tinctorum L.), and the blue was from an indigo plant, probably woad (Isatis tinctoria L.), both of which are known in Iran. Two yellow, plant-derived, flavonol dyes were found. The first seems to be from a species of tamarisk (Tamarix sp.), whereas the second, found in both yellow and green yarns, is from a so-far unidentified plant. This work represents the first detailed study of these salt mine dyes, and the first evidence for the use of tamarisk as a dyestuff.
A zebrafish model of manganism reveals reversible and treatable symptoms independent of neurotoxicity
Authors: Bakthavatsalam Subha , Das Sharma Shreya , Sonawane Mahendra , Thirumalai Vatsala , Datta Ankona 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is essential for neuronal function, yet toxic at high concentrations. Environmental and occupational exposure to high concentrations of Mn causes manganism, a well-defined movement disorder in humans, with symptoms resembling Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, manganism is distinct from PD and the neural basis of its pathology is poorly understood. To address this issue, we generated a zebrafish model of manganism by incubating larvae in rearing medium containing Mn. We find that Mn-treated zebrafish larvae exhibit specific postural and locomotor defects. Larvae begin to float on their sides, show a curved spine, and swim in circles. We discovered that Mn-treatment causes postural defects by interfering with mechanotransduction at the neuromasts. Furthermore, we find that the circling locomotion could be caused by long duration bursting in the motor neurons, which can lead to long duration tail bends in the Mn-treated larvae. Mn-treated larvae also exhibited fewer startle movements. Additionally, we show that the intensity of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity is reversibly reduced after Mn-treatment. This led us to propose that reduced dopamine neuromodulation could drive the changes in startle movements. To test this, when we supplemented dopamine to Mn-treated larvae, the larvae exhibited normal number of startle swims. Taken together, these results indicate that Mn interferes with neuronal function at the sensory, motor, and modulatory levels, and open avenues for therapeutically targeted studies on the zebrafish model of manganism.
High-fat diet decreases activity of the oxidative phosphorylation complexes and causes nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice
Authors: García-Ruiz Inmaculada , Solís-Muñoz Pablo , Fernández-Moreira Daniel , Grau Montserrat , Colina Francisco , Muñoz-Yagüe Teresa , Solís-Herruzo José A. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most frequent histological finding in individuals with abnormal liver-function tests in the Western countries. In previous studies, we have shown that oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is decreased in individuals with NAFLD, but the cause of this mitochondrial dysfunction remains uncertain. The aims of this study were to determine whether feeding mice a high-fat diet (HFD) induces any change in the activity of OXPHOS, and to investigate the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of this defect. To that end, 30 mice were distributed between five groups: control mice fed a standard diet, and mice on a HFD and treated with saline solution, melatonin (an antioxidant), MnTBAP (a superoxide dismutase analog) or uric acid (a scavenger of peroxynitrite) for 28 weeks intraperitoneously. In the liver of these mice, we studied histology, activity and assembly of OXPHOS complexes, levels of subunits of these complexes, gene expression of these subunits, oxidative and nitrosative stress, and oxidative DNA damage. In HFD-fed mice, we found nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, increased gene expression of TNFα, IFNγ, MCP-1, caspase-3, TGFβ1 and collagen α1(I), and increased levels of 3-tyrosine nitrated proteins. The activity and assembly of all OXPHOS complexes was decreased to about 50-60%. The amount of all studied OXPHOS subunits was markedly decreased, particularly the mitochondrial-DNA-encoded subunits. Gene expression of mitochondrial-DNA-encoded subunits was decreased to about 60% of control. There was oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA but not to genomic DNA. Treatment of HFD-fed mice with melatonin, MnTBAP or uric acid prevented all changes observed in untreated HFD-fed mice. We conclude that a HFD decreased OXPHOS enzymatic activity owing to a decreased amount of fully assembled complexes caused by a reduced synthesis of their subunits. Antioxidants and antiperoxynitrites prevented all of these changes, suggesting that nitro-oxidative stress played a key role in the pathogenesis of these alterations. Treatment with these agents might prevent the development of NAFLD in humans.
Heterotrimeric G proteins control stem cell proliferation through CLAVATA signaling in Arabidopsis
Authors: Ishida Takashi , Tabata Ryo , Yamada Masashi , Aida Mitsuhiro , Mitsumasu Kanako , Fujiwara Masayuki , Yamaguchi Katsushi , Shigenobu Shuji , Higuchi Masayuki , Tsuji Hiroyuki , Shimamoto Ko , Hasebe Mitsuyasu , Fukuda Hiroo , Sawa Shinichiro 
Published: September 2014

AbstractCell‐to‐cell communication is a fundamental mechanism for coordinating developmental and physiological events in multicellular organisms. Heterotrimeric G proteins are key molecules that transmit extracellular signals; similarly, CLAVATA signaling is a crucial regulator in plant development. Here, we show that Arabidopsis thaliana Gβ mutants exhibit an enlarged stem cell region, which is similar to that of clavata mutants. Our genetic and cell biological analyses suggest that the G protein beta‐subunit1 AGB1 and RPK2, one of the major CLV3 peptide hormone receptors, work synergistically in stem cell homeostasis through their physical interactions. We propose that AGB1 and RPK2 compose a signaling module to facilitate meristem development.