bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concept of Double-eyelid Segments Ratio: Practical Application in Asian Blepharoplasty
Authors: Chen William P. D. 
Published: July 2024

Background:
There have been few articles on the vertical dimension of the Asian upper eyelid, the eyelid crease segment, and the upper palpebral segment. The eyelid crease height manifests differently depending on whether it is closed (on extreme downgaze), open, or on upward gaze. This study will investigate a ratio practical for use in Asian blepharoplasty (external incisional method).

Methods:
The central vertical dimensions of Asian upper eyelids were measured, together with the upper palpebral segment and eyelid crease height when present. These parameters were recorded preoperatively and following double-eyelid surgery, and remeasured at 1 week and 2 months postoperative with eyelids closed and with eyes open looking straight ahead. The ratios of anatomic upper/lower segments and apparent (eyes opened) upper/lower ratio were tabulated for each case.

Results:
The mean vertical height of upper eyelid skin among Asian women 30 years of age and younger was 23.4 mm, and between 31 and 50 years of age was 25.4 mm. The design of Asian upper eyelid crease and determination of skin tissues that can be safely removed include designing crease height to be 7 mm or slightly less and leaving an upper eyelid segment of at least a length 2 times or more of the crease height, to yield an aesthetically desirable double-eyelid segments ratio.

Conclusions:
The study confirms the practical application of the upper/lower segments ratio at surgery and at full recovery (2 mo) using such technique and shows its progression to a desirable range of double-eyelid segments ratio. It has proven effective and useful for patients seeking Asian blepharoplasty.
Corneal High-Order Aberrations in Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy and Subclinical Corneal Edema
Authors: Blöck Louise , Son Hyeck-Soo , Köppe Maximilian K. , Friedrich Maximilian , Auffarth Gerd U. , Augustin Victor A. 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
High-order aberrations (HOAs) are known to be increased in corneas with Fuchs endothelial dystrophy (FECD) and are associated with visual impairment. This case series aimed to analyze whether tomographic changes in FECD affect the HOA in the early period of the disease.

Methods:
In this retrospective single-center case series, 144 eyes of 85 patients were included, of which 78 eyes of 47 patients with FECD with slit-lamp biomicroscopically visible guttae but no visible corneal edema served as the study-cohort. According to Sun et al, included eyes were divided into 2 groups: group 0 (n = 28; no subclinical corneal edema) and group 1 (n = 50; subclinical corneal edema). A total of 66 healthy eyes of 38 patients served as control group. Mean values and standard deviations were calculated for the root mean square (RMS), coma, trefoil and spherical aberrations (SA) of the cornea (C), the anterior surface (CF), and the posterior surface (CB).

Results:
Statistically significant differences (P < 0.001) in the RMS HOA (group 0: 0.209 ± 0.044 μm, group 1: 0.372 ± 0.122 μm) and in coma (group 0: 0.082 ± 0.054 μm, group 1: 0.214 ± 0.101 μm) and SA (group 0: −0.130 ± 0.038 μm, group 1: −0.176 ± 0.074 μm) of the CB were found in eyes in group 1 versus those in group 0. There were no statistically significant differences in HOA between the control group and eyes in group 0.

Conclusions:
FECD eyes with subclinical corneal edema demonstrated significant increase in RMS, coma, and SA of the CB. Tomographic analysis, therefore, helps in visual impairment assessment, disease progression, and decision-making for early endothelial keratoplasty in patients with FECD.
Determining Risk Factors for Detachment After Endothelial Keratoplasties: Nine-Year Review of a Single Institution
Authors: Mian Osamah , Warmath Jacob , Refai Fares , Sandhu Umar , Multani Karan , Raj Anushka , Dvorak Justin , Murphy David A. , Riaz Kamran M. 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
To determine roles of patient history, donor tissue characteristics, tissue preparation methods, and surgeon technique for graft detachment requiring rebubbling after Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) and Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) procedures.

Methods:
Retrospective analysis of all eyes undergoing first-time DSAEK or DMEK at the study institution between 2013 and 2022. Data were collected regarding recipients' history, donors’ medical history, tissue preparation methods, intraoperative details, and postoperative clinical outcomes. Multivariate statistical analysis was conducted to identify risk factors for graft detachment necessitating rebubbling.

Results:
Of 1240 eyes meeting inclusion criteria, 746 (60.2%) underwent DSAEK, and 494 (39.8%) underwent DMEK. DSAEK procedures had 12.5% rebubbling rate, whereas DMEK procedures had 18.4% rebubbling rate (P = 0.005). Sub50-DSAEK (<50 μm) grafts had 16.0% rebubble rate, whereas sub100-DSAEK (51–99 μm) and >100 μm DSAEKs had rebubble rate of 9.9% and 9.5%, respectively (P = 0.006). Significant risk factors for DSAEK graft detachment included history of retinal surgery (OR = 2.59), preloaded tissue (OR = 2.70), forceps insertion (OR = 2.33), use of sub50-DSAEK lenticules versus sub100-DSAEK (OR = 2.44) and >100 μm DSAEK (OR = 2.38) lenticules, and donor history of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (OR = 4.18). DMEK risk factors included recipient history of cancer (OR = 2.51) and use of higher SF6 gas concentration (OR = 1.09). Although rebubbled DMEK eyes had comparable refractive outcomes to nonrebubbled eyes (P >0.05), rebubbled DSAEK eyes had worse refractive outcomes at all time points (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Graft detachments in DSAEK and DMEK are influenced by various factors, including donor tissue characteristics, tissue preparation, and surgical technique. Identifying and understanding these factors can potentially improve postoperative outcomes.
A Possible Role of P-Cresyl Sulfate and Indoxyl Sulfate as Biomarkers in the Prediction of Renal Function According to the GFR (G) Categories
Authors: Corradi Valentina , Caprara Carlotta , Barzon Elena , Mattarollo Cecilia , Zanetti Fiammetta , Ferrari Fiorenza , Husain-Syed Faeq , Giavarina Davide , Ronco Claudio , Zanella Monica 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Gut dysbiosis has been implicated in the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) by the generation of uremic toxins, such as the protein-bound solutes p-cresyl sulfate (pCS) and indoxyl sulfate (IXS). In this study, we evaluate the associations of total (t) and free fractions (f) of pCS and IXS with the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) glomerular filtration rate (GFR; G) categories using contemporary GFR estimation equations.

Methods:
Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry has been applied for the identification and quantification of pCS and IXS.

Results:
We evaluated 80 patients (55 ± 13 years); 41 male. We found a statistically significant increase of pCSt, pCSf, IXSt and IXSf across the CKD spectrum as defined by GFR categories (P < 0.001). A significant negative correlation was observed between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, any equations) and plasma concentrations of pCS and IXS (all P values < 0.001). For example we reported correlation between eGFR 2021 Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration, CKD-EPI and pCSt (Spearman’s coefficient Rho [r] = -0.690), pCSf (r = -0.744), IXSt (r = -0.754) and IXSf (r = -0.819).

Conclusion:
We found that the free fraction as well as total concentrations of pCS and IXS were negatively correlated with estimated GFR (all equations) in CKD patients. The significant increase of pCS and of IXS across the CKD spectrum suggests that both protein-bound solutes may be used as surrogate markers of renal function.
The interplay between gut microbiome and physical exercise in athletes
Authors: Quaresma Marcus Vinicius L. dos Santos , Mancin Laura , Paoli Antonio , Mota João Felipe 
Published: July 2024

Purpose of review
The gut microbiome regulates several health and disease-related processes. However, the potential bidirectional relationship between the gut microbiome and physical exercise remains uncertain. Here, we review the evidence related to the gut microbiome in athletes.

Recent findings
The effect of physical exercise on the intestinal microbiome and intestinal epithelial cells depends on the type, volume, and intensity of the activity. Strenuous exercise negatively impacts the intestinal microbiome, but adequate training and dietary planning could mitigate these effects. An increase in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentrations can modulate signaling pathways in skeletal muscle, contributing to greater metabolic efficiency, preserving muscle glycogen, and consequently optimizing physical performance and recovery. Furthermore, higher SCFAs concentrations appear to lower inflammatory response, consequently preventing an exacerbated immune response and reducing the risk of infections among athletes. Regarding dietary interventions, the optimal diet composition for targeting the athlete's microbiome is not yet known. Likewise, the benefits or harms of using probiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics are not well established, whereas prebiotics appear to optimize SCFAs production.

Summary
The intestinal microbiome plays an important role in modulating health, performance, and recovery in athletes. SCFAs appear to be the main intestinal metabolite related to these effects. Nutritional strategies focusing on the intestinal microbiome need to be developed and tested in well controlled clinical trials.
Enhancing the Positive Predictive Value of EGD for Diagnosis of Barrett’s Esophagus Through EsoGuard® Triage
Authors: Kurland Jayde E. , Patel Sheena B. , Englehardt Richard , Dezfoli Seper , Tseng Daniel M. , Foutz Michael W. , Bradley Paul S. , Eghterafi Badi , Lee Victoria T. , Verma Suman , deGuzman Brian J. , Aklog Lishan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundGuidelines support Barrett’s esophagus (BE) screening, but most eligible patients do not undergo endoscopic evaluation; non-endoscopic strategies are now supported as a reasonable alternative by U.S gastroenterology societies. EsoGuard (EG) is a DNA assay used with EsoCheck, a non-endoscopic cell collection device for detection of BE, which can be utilized as a triage to esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) in patients meeting screening criteria. In doing so, EG may serve to enrich the population undergoing EGD, resulting in more BE diagnoses while potentially reducing utilization of already-limited endoscopy resources.AimTo test the hypothesis that BE detection in EGDs performed on EG positive patients will be significantly higher than the positive predictive value (PPV) of screening EGD alone.MethodsReal-world data was retrospectively collected from EG positive patients for whom EGD diagnoses were available. Baseline patient characteristics, risk factors, and EGD results were obtained from the treating physicians. PPV of screening EGDs was the comparator and estimated by literature-established disease prevalence of BE, which in the U.S gastroesophageal reflux disease population is ∼10.6%. The hypothesis was tested using t-tests for single proportions at a one-sided 5% significance level.ResultsData from 209 patients found 60 (28.7%) subjects with salmon-colored mucosa on EGD and specialized intestinal metaplasia on histopathology. However, 10 (4.8%) had < 1cm of disease on visual inspection, therefore, did not meet the American College of Gastroenterology definition of BE so was excluded from the analysis. Of the remaining 199 patients, 50 (25.1%) had BE on EGD. In the cohort of patients meeting ACG screening criteria, 28.9% (33/114) had BE. Overall, a 2.4-fold increase in BE detection was observed compared to the PPV of screening EGD, and in the ACG cohort this increase was 2.7-fold. Among ACG patients ≥65 years old, the increase was nearly 2.5-fold (25.9% detection rate).ConclusionsOur data suggests EG and EC used as a triage test enriches the population undergoing EGD for BE, and compared to screening EGD alone, can help direct more efficient use of endoscopy resources to unburden the system without reducing the number of eligible patients screened and diagnosed.
Quantitative PET imaging and modeling of molecular blood-brain barrier permeability
Authors: Chung Kevin J. , Abdelhafez Yasser G. , Spencer Benjamin A. , Jones Terry , Tran Quyen , Nardo Lorenzo , Chen Moon S. , Sarkar Souvik , Medici Valentina , Lyo Victoria , Badawi Ramsey D. , Cherry Simon R. , Wang Guobao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBlood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of many neurological and systemic diseases. Non-invasive assessment of BBB permeability in humans has mainly been performed with dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, evaluating the BBB as a structural barrier. Here, we developed a novel non-invasive positron emission tomography (PET) method in humans to measure the BBB permeability of molecular radiotracers that cross the BBB through different transport mechanisms. Our method uses high-temporal resolution dynamic imaging and kinetic modeling to jointly estimate cerebral blood flow and tracer-specific BBB transport rate from a single dynamic PET scan and measure the molecular permeability-surface area (PS) product of the radiotracer. We show our method can resolve BBB PS across three PET radiotracers with greatly differing permeabilities, measure reductions in BBB PS of18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in healthy aging, and demonstrate a possible brain-body association between decreased FDG BBB PS in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver inflammation. Our method opens new directions to efficiently study the molecular permeability of the human BBBin vivousing the large catalogue of available molecular PET tracers.
Sleep duration irregularity and risk for incident cardiovascular disease in the UK Biobank
Authors: Huang Tianyi , Kianersi Sina , Wang Heming , Potts Kaitlin S. , Noordam Raymond , Sofer Tamar , Rutter Martin K. , Redline Susan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundEmerging evidence supports a link between circadian disruption as measured by higher night-to-night variation in sleep duration and increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). It remains unclear whether this association varies by CVD types or may be modified by average sleep duration and genetic risk for CVD.MethodsOur prospective analysis included 86,219 UK Biobank participants who were free from CVD when completing 7 days of accelerometer measurement in 2013-2016. Sleep irregularity was evaluated by the standard deviation (SD) of accelerometer-measured sleep duration over 7 days. Incident major CVD events, defined as fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke, were identified through linkage to Hospital Episode Statistics data until May 31, 2022. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for associations of sleep duration SD with risk for major CVD events overall and for MI and stroke separately.ResultsWe documented 2,310 incident cases of major CVD events (MI: 1,183, stroke: 1,175) over 636,258 person-years of follow-up. After adjusting for sociodemographic factors and family history of CVD, the HR (95% CI) associated with a 1-hour increase in sleep duration SD was 1.19 (1.10, 1.27) for CVD (p-trend<0.0001), 1.23 (1.11, 1.35) for MI (p-trend<0.0001), and 1.17 (1.05, 1.29) for stroke (p-trend=0.003). Additional adjustment for lifestyle factors, co-morbidities and sleep-related factors modestly attenuated these associations. Higher sleep irregularity was associated with higher CVD risk irrespective of genetic risk (p-interaction=0.43), but this association was stronger among individuals with longer average sleep duration >8 hours (p-interaction=0.006)ConclusionsHigher night-to-night variation in accelerometer-measured sleep duration was associated with consistently higher risks for major CVD events. The association did not seem to be modified by genetic risk for CVD and was more pronounced in long sleepers.
Comparison of Different Diagnostic Criteria of68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT for the Classification of Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Zhang Xiangshuang , He Furong , Song Ying , Jing Ying , Hu Jinbo , Shen Hang , Zhang Aipin , He Wenwen , Feng Zhengping , Li Qifu , Pang Hua , Yang Shumin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground68Ga-Pentixafor positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is an emerging method for the classifying primary aldosteronism (PA). How to use this method for PA classification is still controversial.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted in patients with PA who underwent PET/CT. These patients had a classification diagnosis of unilateral PA (UPA) or bilateral PA (BPA) based on adrenal venous sampling or post-surgical outcomes. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), specificity and sensitivity were used to analyze the accuracy of the lateralization index (LI) based on adrenal maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), dominant side SUVmaxadjusted by liver, dominant side of SUVmaxand visual analysis.ResultsA total of 208 PA patients were included, with 128 UPA and 80 BPA. The AUC for diagnosing UPA using LI and visual analysis were 0.82 [95% CI, 0·77-0·87] and 0.82 (95% CI, 0·76-0·87), respectively, higher than the dominant side of SUVmax[0.72, (95%CI, 0·65-0·78)] and dominant side SUVmaxadjusted by liver [0.71,(95%CI, 0·64-0·77)]. Visual analysis showed a sensitivity of 0.73 (95%CI,0.65-0.81) and a specificity of 0.88(95%CI,0.80-0.95). The LI cutoff of 1.50 resulted the highest Youden Index of 0.59, with a sensitivity of 0.68 (95%CI,0.59-0.76) and a specificity of 0.91 (95%CI,0.83-0.96). When the LI cutoff was increased to 1.65, the sensitivity reduced to 0.61 (95%CI,0.53-0.70), while the specificity increased to 0.96 (95%CI,0.89-1.00).ConclusionBoth LI and visual analysis of PET/CT could be used in the classification diagnosis of PA. Nevertheless, visual analysis is more sensitive, and LI is more advantageous in specificity.
Urea assimilation and oxidation supports the activity of a phylogenetically diverse microbial community in the dark ocean
Authors: Arandia-Gorostidi Nestor , Jaffe Alexander L. , Parada Alma E. , Kapili Bennett J. , Casciotti Karen L. , Salcedo Rebecca S. R. , Baumas Chloé M. J. , Dekas Anne E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUrea is hypothesized to be an important source of nitrogen and chemical energy to microorganisms in the deep sea; however, direct evidence for urea use below the epipelagic ocean is lacking. Here, we explore urea utilization from 50 to 4000 meters depth in the northeastern Pacific Ocean using metagenomics, nitrification rates, and single-cell stable-isotope-uptake measurements with nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (nanoSIMS). We find that the majority (>60%) of active cells across all samples assimilated urea-derived N, and that cell-specific nitrogen-incorporation rates from urea were higher than that from ammonium. Both urea concentrations and assimilation rates relative to ammonium generally increased below the euphotic zone. We detected ammonia- and urea-based nitrification at all depths at one of two sites analyzed, demonstrating their potential to support chemoautotrophy in the mesopelagic and bathypelagic regions. Using newly generated metagenomes we find that theureC gene, encoding the catalytic subunit of urease, is found within 39% of deep-sea cells in this region, including the Nitrosophaerota (likely for nitrification) as well as thirteen other phyla such as Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Plantomycetota, Nitrospinota, and Chloroflexota (likely for assimilation). Analysis of public metagenomes revealedureCwithin 10-46% of deep-sea cells around the world, with higher prevalance below the photic zone, suggesting urea is widely available to the deep-sea microbiome globally. Our results demonstrate that urea is a nitrogen source to abundant and diverse microorganisms in the dark ocean, as well as a significant contributor to deep-sea nitrification and therefore fuel for chemoautotrophy.
AutoMorFi: Automated Whole-image Morphometry in Fiji/ImageJ for Diverse Analyses and Discoveries
Authors: Bouadi Ouzéna , Yao Chenkai , Zeng Jason , Beason Danielle , Inda Nyomi , Malone Zoe , Yoshihara Jonathan , Manjally Amritha Vinayak , Johnson Clifton , Cherry Jonathan , Chen Chin-Yi , Huang Tzu-Chieh , Popovic Bogdana , Henley Maria , Liu Guangmei , Aichelman Hannah , Davies Sarah W. , Tian Yuan , Man Hengye , Gilmore Thomas , Ozsen Elif , Harder Kristen , Walentek Peter , Kharitonova Elizabeth K. , Zeldich Ella , Pitt David , Tay Tuan Leng 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTRunning on the highly popular and accessible ImageJ/Fiji platform for biological image analysis, we have established AutoMorFi as a streamlined interface for automated whole-image morphometric analysis that generates at least 47 measurements per cell or object in under 1 minute. We performed multiple validated cluster and principal component analyses on nonredundant morphometric parameters derived from AutoMorFi for various cell types, objects, and organisms. We used images of rodent macrophages, human postmortem brain tissues from multiple sclerosis (MS) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients, iPSC/animal models for Down’s syndrome and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and organisms such as sea anemone and corals. AutoMorFi’s adaptability extends across diverse imaging modalities including brightfield, confocal, or widefield fluorescence microscopy as well as underwater photography. Due to its unlimited and unbiased sampling across any image and high potential for modification and customization, using AutoMorFi has led to the discovery of new distinguishing features in previously studied cell types and organisms as well as the development of rapid diagnostic approaches. AutoMorFi represents a transformative tool that will accelerate morphometric analysis and offer broad relevance in biological studies.