bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reductive Transformations of Carbonyl Compounds Catalyzed by Rhodium Supported on a Carbon Matrix by using Carbon Monoxide as a Deoxygenative Agent
Authors: Yagafarov Niyaz Z. , Usanov Dmitry L. , Moskovets Alexey P. , Kagramanov Nikolai D. , Maleev Victor I. , Chusov Denis 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAn efficient method for the rhodium on carbon matrix catalyzed preparation of secondary and tertiary amines, cyanoesters, and nitriles through the reductive amination/alkylation of carbonyl compounds was developed, including a convenient procedure for the tandem formal reductive addition of acetonitrile to aldehydes. The catalyst could be reused, and at least three consecutive reaction cycles were performed with comparable efficiency. The method was shown to be compatible with functional groups prone to reduction by hydrogen and complex hydrides.
Hybrid Diphenylalkyne–Dipeptide Oligomers Induce Multistrand β‐Sheet Formation
Authors: Ross Jonathan E. , Knipe Peter C. , Thompson Sam , Hamilton Andrew D. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractFunctionalized diphenylalkynes provide a template for the presentation of protein‐like surfaces composed of multistrand β‐sheets. The conformational properties of three‐, four‐, and seven‐stranded systems have been investigated in the solid‐ and solution‐state. This class of molecule may be suitable for the mediation of therapeutically relevant protein–protein interactions.
One‐pot Two‐Step Cycloaddition Reaction for Convenient Synthesis of Polycyclic Spirooxindole‐fused [1,3]Oxazines
Authors: Sun Jing , Gong Hui , Yan Chaoguo 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe novel spirooxindoline fused [1,3]oxazines were efficiently synthesized from Diels‐Alder reaction of N‐arylmaleimides with 1,2‐dihydro‐2‐oxospiro[3H‐indole‐3,2′‐[2H,9aH‐pyrido[2,1‐b][1,3]oxazines], which were generated in situ from three‐component reactions of substituted pyridines and isatins with methyl propiolate, or dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate. The stereochemistry of the products was clearly clarified by the analysis of 1H NMR data and single crystal structures of the obtained polycyclic compounds.
Improvement in Hydrogen Desorption from β‐ and γ‐MgH2 upon Transition‐Metal Doping
Authors: Hussain Tanveer , Maark Tuhina Adit , Chakraborty Sudip , Ahuja Rajeev 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by Dr. Tuhina Adit Maark (current affiliation: IIT Madras, India). The image shows that upon doping with transition metals the high‐pressure phases β‐ and γ‐MgH2 desorb H2 at a lower temperature than the pure hydrides. The released H2 is used in turn as a fuel for powering cars through fuel cells. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cphc.201500238
DNA‐Mediated Copper Nanoparticle Formation on Dispersed Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Ursu Elena‐Laura , Clima Lilia , Hejesen Christian , Rotaru Alexandru , Pinteala Mariana 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA new and facile method for the preparation of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) decorated with Cu nanoparticles (CuNPs) formed on a double‐stranded DNA template in aqueous solution has been developed. A specially designed synthetic DNA sequence, containing a single‐stranded domain for the dispersion of carbon nanotubes and double‐stranded domains for the selective growth of CuNPs, was utilized. The final SWCNT/CuNP hybrids were characterized using fluorescence spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The analyses clearly demonstrated the selective formation of uniform CuNPs on the carbon nanotube scaffold.
Selenium Flux Effect on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin Films Grown by a 3‐stage Co‐evaporation Process
Authors: Gwak Jihye , Lee MinJi , Yun Jae Ho , Ahn SeJin , Cho Ara , Ahn SeungKyu , Hulme John P. , Shin Kee Shik , Yoon Kyung Hoon 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAn investigation into the effects of Se flux on absorber thin film growth at each step of a 3‐stage co‐evaporation process was conducted to further optimize the performance of CIGS solar cells. In ‘step I’ forming an In‐Ga‐Se precursor thin film during the 3‐stage process, Se flux affected the preferred orientation of the CIGS crystal structure, but not the film morphology. In ‘step II’, no correlation was found between Se flux and the crystal structure, although excessively high Se flux employed throughout the 3‐stage process degraded the solar cell performance. A CIGS thin film, with a (220/204) crystal orientation, minor physical surface defects and ∼20 nm thick MoSe2 at CIGS/Mo interface, was obtained by fine control of Se flux conditions (high Se flux at ‘step I’ and low Se flux at ‘step II’) at optimum substrate temperatures. The solar cell fabricated using the aforementioned CIGS thin film showed the highest conversion efficiency of 20.02 %.
Face 2‐Colorable Embeddings with Faces of Specified Lengths
Authors: Maenhaut Barbara , Smith Benjamin R. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSupposeandare arbitrary lists of positive integers. In this article, we determine necessary and sufficient conditions onMandNfor the existence of a simple graphG, which admits a face 2‐colorable planar embedding in which the faces of one color have boundary lengthsand the faces of the other color have boundary lengths. Such a graph is said to have a planar‐biembedding. We also determine necessary and sufficient conditions onMandNfor the existence of a simple graphGwhose edge set can be partitioned intorcycles of lengthsand also intotcycles of lengths. Such a graph is said to be‐decomposable.
The mechanical properties of the systemic and pulmonary arteries of python regius correlate with blood pressures
Authors: van Soldt Benjamin J. , Danielsen Carl Christian , Wang Tobias 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTPythons are unique amongst snakes in having different pressures in the aortas and pulmonary arteries because of intraventricular pressure separation. In this study, we investigate whether this correlates with different blood vessel strength in the ball python Python regius. We excised segments from the left, right, and dorsal aortas, and from the two pulmonary arteries. These were subjected to tensile testing. We show that the aortic vessel wall is significantly stronger than the pulmonary artery wall in P. regius. Gross morphological characteristics (vessel wall thickness and correlated absolute amount of collagen content) are likely the most influential factors. Collagen fiber thickness and orientation are likely to have an effect, though the effect of collagen fiber type and cross‐links between fibers will need further study. J. Morphol. 276:1412–1421, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessment of liver fibrosis by variable flip angle T1 mapping at 3.0T
Authors: Li Zhiming , Sun Jihong , Hu Xi , Huang Ning , Han Guocan , Chen Lumin , Zhou Yurong , Bai Weixian , Yang Xiaoming 
Published: August 2015

PurposeTo evaluate the possibility of using a variable flip angle (VFA) T1 mapping technique to diagnose liver fibrosis.Materials and MethodsLiver fibrosis was induced in rabbits by repetitive administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in 29 animals (liver fibrosis, n = 18; control, n = 11) using a series of nonenhanced liver acquisition volume acceleration (LAVA) with VFAs at 3.0T. Hepatic T1 relaxation times were measured via regions of interest, which were correlated with subsequent histologic confirmation. The results of T1 mapping in assessment of liver fibrosis were compared with that of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values.ResultsThe mean T1 relaxation time of the control group was the lowest (250.07 ± 88.12 msec), followed by the nonadvanced fibrosis group (387.83 ± 166.58 msec) and the advanced fibrosis group (496.90 ± 291.24 msec). T1 relaxation time measurements differed significantly between the liver fibrosis group and control group (P < 0.05), with a trend of increased mean T1 relaxation times as the fibrotic stage increased. Statistically significant differences were observed between the control group and the nonadvanced fibrosis group (P < 0.05), however with much overlap between the less severe stages. In discriminating between the control group and liver fibrosis group, stage F0‐1 (control and stage F1) and stage F2‐3, stage F0‐2 (control and stage F1‐2) and stage F3, area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were 0.803 (cutoff value 273.01 msec), 0.712 (cutoff value 371.54 msec), and 0.696 (cutoff value 276.99 msec), respectively. No difference was found between T1 relaxation times and ADC values in assessment of liver fibrosis in our study.ConclusionVFA T1 mapping may become a noninvasive imaging tool for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2016;43:698–703.
Summer heat waves in southeastern Patagonia: an analysis of the intraseasonal timescale
Authors: Jacques‐Coper Martín , Brönnimann Stefan , Martius Olivia , Vera Carolina , Cerne Bibiana 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTWe explore the occurrence of intraseasonal summer heat waves in southeastern Patagonia (SEPG, 46°–52°S; 65°–70°W) since the late 19th century by means of the Twentieth Century Reanalysis version 2 (20CRv2). In total, we identify 201 cases for 1872–2010 using criteria of intensity and persistence. In SEPG, the corresponding intraseasonal temperature signals are centred around the first day of each cluster of days fulfilling those conditions (named day 0). The mean warm deviation lasts for approximately 2 weeks and exhibits a mean temperature peak of 4.3 °C on day 0 (the warmest day in the mean signal). In a regional context, the mean temperature perturbation associated with these heat waves affects a broad area on both sides of the Andes. The warming in SEPG is caused by temperature advection and enhanced radiative heating, following a high pressure system over southern South America (SSA). This atmospheric perturbation is embedded in a wave‐train‐like pattern along the South Pacific. As part of this pattern, a cyclonic anomaly progresses eastward over the Tasman Sea in Oceania, moving from southeastern Australia (day −6, causing a dry anomaly there) over New Zealand (day −3, inducing a wet anomaly on its Southern Island). The anomalous circulation triggered by the wave train leads thus to a teleconnection between SSA and Oceania, documented in a previous work for the interannual scale. Two thirds of the heat wave events are linked to enhanced ascent in the South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ) and around one third of the events within 1957–2010 are associated with extreme absolute maximum temperatures observed at a station‐based record from SEPG. Finally, possible spatial modulations of the wave train pattern at the interannual and interdecadal timescales are discussed.
Influence of increasing construct constraint in the presence of posterolateral deficiency at knee replacement: A biomechanical study
Authors: Ghosh Kanishka M. , Manning William A. , Blain Alasdair P. , Rushton Steve P. , Longstaff Lee M. , Amis Andrew A. , Deehan David J. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTWhen faced with posterolateral corner (PLC) deficiency, surgeons must choose a total knee replacement (TKR) construct that provides the appropriate level of constraint. This should match the internal constraint of the device to the soft tissue host laxity pattern. Little guidance is available peroperatively, with factors influencing final component choice remaining ill defined. This study aimed to quantify the effect of PLC insufficiency on the “envelope of laxity” (EoL) after TKR and the effect of increasingly component constraint upon knee behavior through a functional arc of flexion. Using computer navigation, mixed effect modeling and loaded cadaveric legs—laxity was quantified under separate states: the native knee, after implantation of a posterior stabilized (PS)‐TKR, after sectioning the lateral (fibular) collateral ligament and popliteus tendon (PS‐TKR‐PLC), and after re‐implantation with a semi‐constrained “total stabilized” knee replacement (TS‐TKR). Laxity was quantified from 0 to 110° of flexion for anterior draw, varus–valgus, and internal–external rotation. Implantation of the PS‐TKR was consistently associated with increased constraint when compared to the native knee. PLC sectioning led to significantly increased laxity during varus stress from mid to deep flexion. Revision to a TS‐TKR construct restored constraint mimicking that of the primary state but only for the arc of motion 0–90°. In a posterolateral deficient state, a fixed bearing semi‐constrained TS‐TKR restored the knee to near normal kinematics but this was only achieved from an arc of motion 0–90° of flexion. At higher flexion angles, there remained an unfavorable laxity pattern with varus stress opening. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:427–434, 2016.
Effect of repeated tracheostomy tube reprocessing on biofilm formation
Authors: Rodney Jennifer , Ojano‐Dirain Carolyn P. , Antonelli Patrick J. , Silva Rodrigo C. 
Published: August 2015

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine the effect of repeated reprocessing of pediatric tracheostomy tubes (TTs) on biofilm formation.Study DesignIn vitro microbiological study.MethodsPediatric, uncuffed, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) TTs from two different manufacturers (Tracoe Mini and Shiley) were reprocessed mechanically with household detergent and soaked in sodium hypochlorite (bleach). Two TTs of each brand were reprocessed 0 (control), 10, or 20 times. Twenty 2‐mm coupons were then obtained from each TT, immersed in human mucus, and cultured with eitherStaphylococcus aureusorPseudomonas aeruginosa. Biofilm formation was evaluated with bacterial counts.ResultsBacterial counts ofS. aureusfor both brands were significantly higher on the TTs that were reprocessed 20 times compared to those that were not reprocessed (Tracoe:P = .040, Shiley:P  <  .0001) or those that were reprocessed 10 times (Tracoe:P = .022, Shiley:P = .0002). There was no difference between controls and TTs reprocessed 10 times (Tracoe:P = .76, Shiley:P = .24).P. aeuruginosacounts were not significantly different among the varying numbers of reprocessing cycles for either Tracoe or Shiley TTs (P = .08 andP = .97, respectively).ConclusionsRepeated reprocessing of PVC TTs with detergent and bleach paradoxically promotesS. aureusbiofilm development, possibly due to degradation of the tube surface that facilitates bacterial attachment. Further investigation is needed to determine the optimal technique and limits of reprocessing TTs in clinical practice.Level of EvidenceNALaryngoscope, 126:996–999, 2016
Spatiotemporal closure of fractional laser‐ablated channels imaged by optical coherence tomography and reflectance confocal microscopy
Authors: Banzhaf Christina A. , Wind Bas S. , Mogensen Mette , Meesters Arne A. , Paasch Uwe , Wolkerstorfer Albert , Haedersdal Merete 
Published: August 2015

Background and ObjectiveOptical coherence tomography (OCT) and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) offer high‐resolution optical imaging of the skin, which may provide benefit in the context of laser‐assisted drug delivery. We aimed to characterize postoperative healing of ablative fractional laser (AFXL)‐induced channels and dynamics in their spatiotemporal closure using in vivo OCT and RCM techniques.Study design/Materials and MethodsThe inner forearm of healthy subjects (n = 6) was exposed to 10,600 nm fractional CO2 laser using 5 and 25% densities, 120 μm beam diameter, 5, 15, and 25 mJ/microbeam. Treatment sites were scanned with OCT to evaluate closure of AFXL‐channels and RCM to evaluate subsequent re‐epithelialization.ResultsOCT and RCM identified laser channels in epidermis and upper dermis as black, ablated tissue defects surrounded by characteristic hyper‐and hyporeflective zones. OCT imaged individual laser channels of the entire laser grid, and RCM imaged epidermal cellular and structural changes around a single laser channel to the depth of the dermoepidermal junction (DEJ) and upper papillary dermis. OCT images visualized a heterogeneous material in the lower part of open laser channels, indicating tissue fluid. By OCT the median percentage of open channels was evaluated at several time points within the first 24 hours and laser channels were found to gradually close, depending on the used energy level. Thus, at 5 mJ/microbeam, 87% (range 73–100%) of channels were open one hour after laser exposure, which declined to 27% (range 20–100%) and 20% (range 7–93%) at 12 and 24 hours after laser exposure, respectively. At 25 mJ/microbeam, 100% (range 100–100%) of channels were open 1 hour after laser exposure while 53% (range 33–100%) and 40% (range 0–100%) remained open at 12 and 24 hours after exposure. Median depth and width of open channels decreased over time depending of applied energy. RCM verified initial re‐epithelialization from day 2 for all energy levels used. Morphology of ablation defects by OCT and RCM corresponded to histological assessments.ConclusionsOCT and RCM enabled imaging of AFXL‐channels and their spatiotemporal closure. Laser channels remained open up to 24 hours post laser, which may be important for the time perspective to deliver topical substances through AFXL channels. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:157–165, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
REM sleep behavior disorder and neuropathology in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Postuma Ronald B. , Adler Charles H. , Dugger Brittany N. , Hentz Joseph G. , Shill Holly A. , Driver‐Dunckley Erika , Sabbagh Marwan N. , Jacobson Sandra A. , Belden Christine M. , Sue Lucia I. , Serrano Geidy , Beach Thomas G. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIntroductionRapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) in Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with differences in clinical phenotype, including dementia, autonomic loss, and gait dysfunction. The pathological basis for this remains unclear.MethodsParkinson's disease subjects in a longitudinal clinicopathologic study were screened for probable RBD with the Mayo Sleep Questionnaire. After death, semiquantitative analyses were conducted for synuclein, amyloid, neurofibrillary tangles, and cerebrovascular lesions.ResultsForty cases had probable RBD (PD+RBD), and 41 did not (PD‐RBD). Despite similar age at death (∼80 y) and disease duration (∼14.5 y), PD+RBD had increased synuclein deposition in all regions examined, with nine of 10 regions significantly different. The Lewy body 10‐region total score (scale = 0‐40) was 29.5 in PD+RBD versus 24.5 in PD‐RBD (Cohen‐d effect size = 0.79, P = 0.002). Cerebrovascular lesion burden was slightly higher in PD‐RBD.ConclusionsAlthough overlap occurs between groups, PD patients with probable RBD may have greater density and range of synuclein pathology on autopsy. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Genetic analysis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease within a Caribbean–Hispanic population
Authors: Edelman Deborah , Kalia Harmit , Delio Maria , Alani Mustafa , Krishnamurthy Karthik , Abd Mortadha , Auton Adam , Wang Tao , Wolkoff Allan W. , Morrow Bernice E. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe explored potential genetic risk factors implicated in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) within a Caribbean–Hispanic population in New York City. A total of 316 individuals including 40 subjects with biopsy‐proven NAFLD, 24 ethnically matched non‐NAFLD controls, and a 252 ethnically mixed random sampling of Bronx County, New York were analyzed. Genotype analysis was performed to determine allelic frequencies of 74 known single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with NAFLD risk based on previous genome‐wide association study (GWAS) and candidate gene studies. Additionally, the entire coding region of PNPLA3, a gene showing the strongest association to NAFLD was subjected to Sanger sequencing. Results suggest that both rare and common DNA variations in PNPLA3 and SAMM50 may be correlated with NAFLD in this small population study, while common DNA variations in CHUK and ERLIN1, may have a protective interaction. Common SNPs in ENPP1 and ABCC2 have suggestive association with fatty liver, but with less compelling significance. In conclusion, Hispanic patients of Caribbean ancestry may have different interactions with NAFLD genetic modifiers; therefore, further investigation with a larger sample size, into this Caribbean–Hispanic population is warranted.
Lycopene reduces cholesterol absorption through the downregulation of Niemann‐Pick C1‐like 1 in Caco‐2 cells
Authors: Zou Jun , Feng Dan 
Published: August 2015

ScopeElevated blood cholesterol is an important risk factor associated with atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Tomato lycopene has been found to have a hypocholesterolemic effect, and the effect was considered to be related to inhibition of cholesterol synthesis. However, since plasma cholesterol levels are also influenced by the absorption of cholesterol in the gut, the present study is to investigate whether lycopene affects cholesterol absorption in the intestinal Caco‐2 cells.Methods and resultsThe Caco‐2 cells were pretreated with lycopene at different concentrations for 24 h and then incubated with radioactive micellar cholesterol for 2 h. The absorption of radioactive cholesterol was quantified by liquid scintillation. The expression of Niemann‐Pick C1‐like 1 (NPC1L1) and liver X receptor α (LXRα) was analyzed by Western blot and qPCR. We found that lycopene dose dependently inhibited cholesterol absorption and the expression of NPC1L1 protein and NPC1L1 mRNA. The inhibitory effects of lycopene on cholesterol absorption and NPC1L1 expression could be prevented by blockade of the LXRα pathway.ConclusionThis study provides the first evidence that lycopene inhibits cholesterol absorption in the intestinal cells and this inhibitory effect of lycopene is mediated, at least in part, by LXRα‐NPC1L1 signaling pathway.
Profiling the metabolome changes caused by cranberry procyanidins in plasma of female rats using 1H NMR and UHPLC‐Q‐Orbitrap‐HRMS global metabolomics approaches
Authors: Liu Haiyan , Garrett Timothy J. , Tayyari Fariba , Gu Liwei 
Published: August 2015

ScopeThe objective was to investigate the metabolome changes in female rats gavaged with partially purified cranberry procyanidins (PPCP) using 1H NMR and UHPLC‐Q‐Orbitrap‐HRMS metabolomics approaches, and to identify the contributing metabolites.Methods and resultsTwenty‐four female Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly separated into two groups and administered PPCP or partially purified apple procyanidins (PPAP) for three times using a 250 mg extracts/kg body weight dose. Plasma was collected 6 h after the last gavage and analyzed using 1H NMR and UHPLC‐Q‐Orbitrap‐HRMS. No metabolome difference was observed using 1H NMR metabolomics approach. However, LC‐HRMS metabolomics data show that metabolome in the plasma of female rats administered PPCP differed from those gavaged with PPAP. Eleven metabolites were tentatively identified from a total of 36 discriminant metabolic features based on accurate masses and/or product ion spectra. PPCP caused a greater increase of exogenous metabolites including p‐hydroxybenzoic acid, phenol, phenol‐sulphate, catechol sulphate, 3, 4‐dihydroxyphenylvaleric acid, and 4′‐O‐methyl‐(–)‐epicatechin‐3′‐O‐beta‐glucuronide in rat plasma. Furthermore, the plasma level of O‐methyl‐(–)‐epicatechin‐O‐glucuronide, 4‐hydroxy‐5‐(hydroxyphenyl)‐valeric acid‐O‐sulphate, 5‐(hydroxyphenyl)‐ϒ‐valerolactone‐O‐sulphate, 4‐hydroxydiphenylamine, and peonidin‐3‐O‐hexose were higher in female rats administered with PPAP.ConclusionThe metabolome changes caused by cranberry procyanidins were revealed using an UHPLC‐Q‐Orbitrap‐HRMS global metabolomics approach. Exogenous and microbial metabolites were the major identified discriminate biomarkers.