bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘A story is not a story but a conference’: Story conferences and the classical studio system
Authors: Tieber Claus 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
In analyzing the script development of Grand Hotel (1932, Edmund Goulding), this article brings an insight into the workings of the classical studio system and the way screenwriting was organized and understood during this era. The protocols of story conferences that took place at MGM under the leadership of producer Irving Thalberg deliver an exhaustive picture of the whole process, from the first screen idea, to getting the rights for a novel, to the final discussions after the screening of a rough cut. The protocols deliver evidence of screenwriting as an ongoing work in progress that was done not by a single screenwriter, but by a group of film-makers, constantly discussing all elements of the production. The concerns of the participants of these conferences included more than just storytelling; they also focused on the emotional reactions of the audience and the presentation of stars. The criteria these decisions were based upon are not ‘rules’ of storytelling, but reasonable assumptions about the audience’s reactions. Screenwriting within the studio system was not an ongoing fight between screenwriters and producers, but an ongoing discussion about every detail of a film, constituting a rather modern and democratic system of film development.
The pragmatic modernist: William Faulkner’s craft and Hollywood’s networks of production
Authors: Robbins Ben 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
This article analyzes the screenplays and treatments for two highly popular and critically acclaimed films, To Have and Have Not (1944) and Mildred Pierce(1945), on which Faulkner worked as a salaried screenwriter for Warner Brothers. Faulkner’s collaborative writing for To Have and Have Not demonstrates his ability to participate in and extend the construction of the cinematic archetype of the Hawksian woman on the level of action and language, a portrayal that both develops and transcends the portrayal of women within his own fiction. The article also illuminates the process through which Faulkner recycled content across the high–low cultural divide, borrowing from himself to include a hybrid scene from his modernist masterwork Absalom, Absalom! (1936) in Mildred Pierce, a noir melodrama starring Joan Crawford. The article further illustrates how Faulkner reconciled himself to the narrative mode of Hollywood through his use of ‘charged realism’. As such, Faulkner’s work for the screen would seem to confound a number of presumed modernist imperatives for artistic practice: autonomy, organic production, breaking with the past, formal innovation and disdain for objective realism. The article concludes by suggesting a way to reconcile the divergent skill bases of Faulkner’s screenwriting and modernist fiction by showing how he was able to imaginatively adapt his craft to inhabit and revisualize the structures of both genres.
The perceptual world of a virtual Umwelt
Authors: Aguilera Julieta 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Real-time computer graphics and complex sensory input challenge past assumptions of highly constrained metaphors based on static imagery. Access to research and gaming interfaces have popularized the understanding of tracking technologies that tailor interaction to ambulatory displacement and dexterous handling of objects, expanding the realm of metaphors from visual to physical phenomena. But behaviour and the mind have been studied far before there were real-time computer graphics or digitally created synthetic environments. Dynamic relationships between environment, body and thought are being dissected today by neuro-scientific research, and, conversely, synthetic environments are being utilized to address psychological disorders. This article examines research on scientific and philosophical fields that advance the definition of representation, from an image-based realm as limited by previous popular media to an understanding of action and immersion, where attention is activated by change, and rooted in the body. From this perspective, the advent of embodied representation may not be as much of a change of medium, but the perceptual relation with the medium, the medium being a created Umwelt, where the virtual world builds the mind through the body.
‘Half Tiger’: An interrogation of digital and mobile street culture and aesthetic practice in Johannesburg and Nairobi
Authors: Bristow Tegan 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
In South African slang ‘Half-Tiger’ refers to five rand, half of a ‘Tiger’ (ten rand) and amounts to approximately 60 US cents. It is at the ‘Half-Tiger’ level of commerce where contemporary and deeply afro-urban digital cultural practice is found. A mass street level culture that in East Africa is driven by the mobile phone as socio-political development tool. And in South Africa by a booming media industry that has been hacked and gone viral. These cultures augment music, fashion, politics and social shifts with a digital aesthetic unique to each city. The article addresses mobile and digital culture in the two cities and compares the effect of mobile technology and its residue in the cultural practices of these very diverse urban environments. I will be addressing the work of key artists and musicians, looking closely at how they respond aesthetically and in a uniquely afro-urban way to a shifting engagement with digital mobile media and networked social practices.
Image as a technology of being and becoming
Authors: Earhart Blanka 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Presently we are experiencing a world where distributed information reshapes human modes of expression and being. The avalanche of images presented to us daily shifts our attention between numerous contexts and systems of meaning. Faced with the intensity of this broadcast, one tends to turn to abbreviations and flattening of the message. Jacques Rancier talks about aesthetics as a form of disconnected experience, which operates as a disinterested gaze. The disconnection serves as a coping mechanism allowing one to function within the informational deluge. On the other hand, this flattening of an image does not represent the whole truth. Behind every image one senses a depth of meanings, which gives rise to a particular manifestation. In this article, I propose that image hides a being, which through that image individuates itself. While the acquisition of specific qualities constitutes this process of individuation, the being is the motion and agency enabling the process. Culture can be seen as technology and prosthesis, which facilitates memory of our mortality and forces us to individuate. Following this logic, image as part of culture is a technology of being.
Objects of affect: The domestication of ubiquity
Authors: Didakis Stavros , Phillips Mike 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
This article contextualizes digital practices within architectural spaces, and explores the opportunities of experiencing and perceiving domestic environments with the use of media and computing technologies. It suggests methods for the design of reflexive and intimate interiors that provide informational, communicational, affective, emotional and supportive properties according to embedded sensorial interfaces and processing systems. To properly investigate these concepts, a fundamental criterion is magnified and dissected: dwelling, as an important ingredient in this relationship entails the magical power to merge physical environment with the psyche of inhabitants. For this reason, a number of views are presented and discussed, providing necessary conditions to include matters of affectivity, ubiquity and layering complexity of interior space. Moreover, specific processes of the possibilities of the digital are mentioned, and examples are presented of the infusion and diffusion of ubiquitous computing technologies within domestic spaces. To briefly conclude, this article is an attempt to discuss the relationship of human-architecture-computer symbiosis and the design process of creative and innovative spaces that affect states of memory, perception, experience, as well as mood and emotion.
Quantum information traced back to ancient Egyptian mysteries
Authors: Quehenberger Renate 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
There are strong indications that ancient Egyptian mythology contains knowledge of the nature of space up to higher dimensions and provides ontologic answers to the question about the creation of matter. This article examines the pentagonal interpretation of the myth of Isis and Osiris by comparing the iconographic details with recent findings from the art research project Quantum Cinema, where an interdisciplinary group of digital artists and scientists established a virtual space model for visualizing the usually non-perceivable processes in the microcosm on a Planck scale. At this scale, quantum mechanics applied to space itself leads to a discrete amount of quantum states. For this research, a new geometrical tool proved invaluable: the epitahedron. The double heptahedron named epitahedron (E±), a 3D Penrose kites and darts representation, confines the dodecahedron in many ways and seems to be Plato’s fifth element. It is a 5D space cell, decorated with fragments of circles, which allows to visualize the permutations of symmetry elements within a discrete lattice (Z5). This higher-dimensional configuration is also the appropriate space to create a quantum-mechanical depiction of particles with inherent wave-like character by means of 3D animated geometry. Disguised in a mythological language the same subscendent space structure with the same golden polytope (E±) can be revealed: is this the origin of the concept of aether, the quintessence model which was a basic scientific task for the last 2500 years?
Thermopile-IR-Arrays mit höchstem Auflösungsvermögen
Authors: Herrmann Frank , Forg Bodo , Schieferdecker Jörg , Leneke Wilhelm , Simon Marion 
Published: March 2014

Zusammenfassung
Thermopile-Sensor-Arrays sind eine kostengünstige Alternative für
die Aufnahme von Wärmebildern mit geringeren Anforderungen an die
räumliche Auflösung. Durch Einführung neuer
Herstellungstechnologien, insbesondere einer modifizierten monolithischen
CMOS-Technologie mit geringen Strukturgrößen und strukturgenauer
Oberflächenmikromechanik, ist es möglich geworden, Thermopilearrays
mit Auflösungen von derzeit bis zu 3968 Bildpunkten herzustellen.
Neuartige Verpackungstechnologien mit Gasen geringer
Wärmeleitfähigkeit führen zu erhöhten
Sensitivitätswerten von 400 V/W. Mit der Einführung von
Vakuumgehäusen konnten sogar Sensitivitätswerte von 800 V/W gemessen
werden.
Echtzeitspektroskopie von Ferninfrarotstrahlung zur Strahldiagnose an Linearbeschleunigern
Authors: Schmidt Bernhard , Wesch Stephan 
Published: March 2014

Zusammenfassung
Freie-Elektronen-Laser für den Röntgenbereich, in denen ein
hochenergetischer Elektronenstrahl als Lasermedium dient, erfordern
Strahlparameter weit jenseits denen herkömmlicher
Beschleunigeranlagen. Von zentraler Bedeutung ist hierbei die Länge
der relativistisch beschleunigten Elektronenpakete („bunche“), die
in speziellen Magnetanordnungen auf deutlich unter 100 μm
komprimiert werden. Dabei werden für einige 100 fs Spitzenströme im
kA-Bereich erzeugt. Durch diverse Prozesse kann die Abstrahlung von
breitbandiger Infrarotstrahlung im Millimeter- bis Mikrometerbereich
erzwungen werden. Die Intensität und die spektrale Zusammensetzung
dieser Strahlung geben Auskunft über das Stromprofil der
Elektronenpakete. In den letzten Jahren wurden erhebliche Fortschritte
erzielt, diese Strahlung spektral aufgelöst zu messen und somit
leistungsfähige Methoden zur Überwachung des Beschleunigungs- und
Kompressionsprozesses bereitzustellen.
Enhancement of T Cell Responses as a Result of Synergy between Lower Doses of Radiation and T Cell Stimulation
Authors: Spary Lisa K. , Al-Taei Saly , Salimu Josephine , Cook Alexander D. , Ager Ann , Watson H. Angharad , Clayton Aled , Staffurth John , Mason Malcolm D. , Tabi Zsuzsanna 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
As a side effect of cancer radiotherapy, immune cells receive varying doses of radiation. Whereas high doses of radiation (&gt;10 Gy) can lead to lymphopenia, lower radiation doses (2–4 Gy) represent a valid treatment option in some hematological cancers, triggering clinically relevant immunological changes. Based on our earlier observations, we hypothesized that lower radiation doses have a direct positive effect on T cells. In this study, we show that 0.6–2.4 Gy radiation enhances proliferation and IFN-γ production of PBMC or purified T cells induced by stimulation via the TCR. Radiation with 1.2 Gy also lowered T cell activation threshold and broadened the Th1 cytokine profile. Although radiation alone did not activate T cells, when followed by TCR stimulation, ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation increased above that induced by stimulation alone. These changes were followed by an early increase in glucose uptake. Naive (CD45RA+) or memory (CD45RA−) T cell responses to stimulation were boosted at similar rates by radiation. Whereas increased Ag-specific cytotoxic activity of a CD8+ T cell line manifested in a 4-h assay (10–20% increase), highly significant (5- to 10-fold) differences in cytokine production were detected in 6-d Ag-stimulation assays of PBMC, probably as a net outcome of death of nonstimulated and enhanced response of Ag-stimulated T cells. T cells from patients receiving pelvic radiation (2.2–2.75 Gy) also displayed increased cytokine production when stimulated in vitro. We report in this study enhanced T cell function induced by synergistic radiation treatment, with potential physiological significance in a wide range of T cell responses.
Boosting the Opportunities of Open Learning (MOOCs) through Learning Theories
Authors: Fasihuddin Heba A. , Skinner Geoff D. , Athauda Rukshan I. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe recent evolution of computing technology has led to dramatic developments and changes in online learning. Open learning is a new form of online learning that allows learning materials to be freely available on the Internet and accessible to anyone who is interested. Different initiatives, which are based on the open learning concept, have been initiated by various prestigious institutions. Although all of these initiatives provide courses with free access to content, each has its own approach in terms of teaching, assessment and even their own goals of defining an open learning environment. Massive Open Online Courses is the term for courses provided in these open environments. These courses attract a large number of learners, however their success and efficacy in terms of the learning process has yet to be determined. The authors found that there is no clear model for open learning environments and therein lies our research objective. Many aspects still need to be considered and addressed in order to achieve a reliable and sustainable model. These aspects can be addressed with consideration to the principles of cognitive science so that better learning models can be obtained. This paper presents some learning theories that can be considered and applied to enhance open learning environments. The use of knowledge maps, as an approach to implement schema theory, was selected to present and organize the learning concepts. In addition, the Felder-Silverman learning styles theory was selected to personalize the learning environment and provide learning materials based on every learner’s needs and preferences.
Preparation and characterization of 2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine polymer nanofibers prepared via electrospinning for biomedical materials
Authors: Maeda Tomoki , Hagiwara Katsuya , Yoshida Soki , Hasebe Terumitsu , Hotta Atsushi 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTElectrospun nanofibers of poly (2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (MPC) possessing excellent hemocompatibility were successfully fabricated first. These nanofibers were investigated as drug‐delivery vehicles for suppressing the acute thrombogenicity of vascular grafts to lower the risk of coronary artery disease by improving the graft patency rate; the graft patency rate is the percentage of patients who do not have any blockage in a graft after a stent‐graft treatment. We varied the MPC concentrations in ethanol from 1 to 10 wt % to fabricate electrospun MPC fibers. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that when the MPC concentration was lower than 5 wt %, beads instead of fibers were formed. When the MPC concentration was increased (>5 wt %), uniform fibers were produced with average fiber diameters of about 160 nm (5 wt %), 640 nm (7.5 wt %), and 1270 nm (10 wt %). In vitro drug‐release tests showed that a higher amount of drugs was diffused from MPC fibers with small diameters; this indicated a faster drug‐release rate for the thinner MPC fibers. Diameter‐controlled MPC fibers could be used as a new vascular graft materials. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40606.
The likelihood of death from prostate cancer in men with favorable or unfavorable intermediate‐risk disease
Authors: Keane Florence K. , Chen Ming‐Hui , Zhang Danjie , Loffredo Marian J. , Kantoff Philip W. , Renshaw Andrew A. , D'Amico Anthony V. 
Published: March 2014

BACKGROUNDRecently, men with intermediate‐risk prostate cancer (PC) were classified into favorable and unfavorable categories; however, whether the risk of PC‐specific mortality (PCSM) among men with high‐risk PC versus unfavorable intermediate‐risk PC is increased is unknown.METHODSIn a prospective, randomized trial conducted between 1995 and 2001, 206 men with intermediate‐risk or high‐risk PC were randomized to receive 70 Gy with or without 6 months of androgen‐suppression therapy (AST). The subgroup of 197 patients with information available on the percentage of positive biopsies formed the cohort. Fine and Gray regression analysis was used to assess whether men with high‐risk PC versus unfavorable intermediate‐risk PC had an increased risk of PCSM.RESULTSAfter a median follow‐up of 14.3 years, there were 127 deaths (64.5%), including 22 deaths (17.3%) from PC. There were no PC deaths in the favorable intermediate‐risk group. There was an increase in the risk of PCSM among men with high‐risk PC versus unfavorable intermediate‐risk PC, but the difference was not significant (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.59; 95% confidence interval, 0.66‐3.83; P = .30) after adjusting for age, randomized treatment arm, and comorbidity.CONCLUSIONSThe lack of PC deaths among men with favorable intermediate‐risk PC suggests that adding AST may not reduce their risk of PCSM; whereas many men with unfavorable intermediate‐risk PC are at risk for harboring occult PC with Gleason scores from 8 to 10 and, if proven, would benefit from long‐term AST. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and targeted biopsy of suspicious lesions should be considered to identify PC with Gleason scores from 8 to 10 in these men. Cancer 2014;120:1787–1793. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Interference‐aware MAC scheduling and admission control for multiple mobile WBANs used in healthcare monitoring
Authors: Mahapatro Judhistir , Misra Sudip , Mahadevappa Manjunatha , Islam Nabiul 
Published: March 2014

SummaryIn this paper, we address the problem of interference when multiple time division multiple access‐based wireless body area networks (WBANs) come in the proximity of one another. We propose a simple solution that creates common non‐conflicting schedule between these interfering WBANs. Our proposed scheme allows the reuse of maximum possible time slots among WBANs that are two‐hop neighbors of one another. A flow admission control scheme is applied to control the flows during the period of interference. We show that the percentage of flows admitted because of flow control decreases with the increase in the network size and flow rate. We simulated a scenario where WBANs move randomly within a simulation area with a certain speed and meet at a particular point. We show that the signal to interference noise ratio (SINR) value of WBANs changes as long as they are within the transmission range of one another. Also, we show that the exchanges of common schedule (which is dependent on the number of times the SINR value drops below the threshold) are required in order to improve the packet delivery ratio in WBANs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of 14 years of broadband ground‐based solar UV index observations in Barcelona
Authors: Bech J. , Sola Y. , Ossó A. , Lorente J. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThis study presents an analysis of a 14‐year data set of 30‐min averaged experimental UVI values derived from ground‐based broadband irradiance measurements, satellite‐derived total ozone observations and total solar radiation recorded in Barcelona (NE Spain). Most maximum daily UVI values do occur at noon (82% of cases between 11:30 and 13:00 UTC). Considering all seasons, the maximum daily UVI presents a bimodal, approximately symmetrical, frequency distribution with a maximum around UVI class 2 (22%) and UVI 7 and 8 classes (23%) while June median presents a value of 8.2. According to attenuation criteria there is a preponderance of Clear sky days (77%) compared to Broken (22%) and Overcast (8%) conditions, which concentrate mostly in October, November and December (reaching 20% of days). An additional classification in terms of World Health Organisation UVI intensity categories indicates that 40% of days exceeded the Lower threshold of UVI category Moderate (UVI values above 5.5), from them 21% of days had UVI values considered Very High (above 9.5) and one single case was classified as Extreme (UVI above 10.5). UVI values above 7.5 were found under Broken sky conditions in June, July and August. Additionally UVI diurnal daily cycles have also been analyzed in terms of selected percentile values and maximum levels. Under all sky conditions UVI median values exceed the lower threshold of category High (5.5) from April to late August around noon (in June from 10:00 to 14:30 UTC). These results provide an exhaustive quantitative description of average and extreme values of experimental UVI values observed in the region and can be of interest for a wide range of applications, including ground‐based UV modelling through the use of radiative transfer models, trend analysis or verification of UVI forecasts.
Development and application of an analytical method using gas chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for characterizing alkylated chrysenes in crude oil samples
Authors: John G. F. , Yin F. , Mulabagal V. , Hayworth J. S. , Clement T. P. 
Published: March 2014

RATIONALERecent advances in analytical techniques have led to the development of gas chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry methods that allow the identification of target analytes in complex environmental samples. We have employed this technology to develop a method for characterizing alkylated chrysenes, which are environmental toxins that are resistant to weathering.METHODSAn Agilent 7890 gas chromatograph coupled to an Agilent 7000B triple quadrupole mass spectrometer was used. The mass spectral fragmentation of seven commercially available alkylated chrysene standards was studied under full‐scan and product‐ion scan conditions. The calibration curves used were in the linear range with r2 values greater than 0.99. The recovery and limit of detection of target analytes in the samples were in the range of 80–120% and 0.11–1.09 ng/mL, respectively.RESULTSThe information inferred from full‐scan and product‐ion scan data was combined with literature data to develop a GC/MS/MS method for the identification and quantification of C1‐, C2‐, C3‐, and C4‐chrysene homologues. The method was employed to characterize MC252 crude oil which was released during the 2010 Deepwater Horizon accident. The results showed that the chrysene concentrations estimated by the proposed method were well within the range of previously reported values.CONCLUSIONSThe proposed method is useful for analyzing chrysene and its alkylated homologues in crude oil samples. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.