bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consistencies between recalled panic and lactate‐induced panic
Authors: Goetz Raymond R. , Klein Donald F. , Gorman Jack M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis study investigated the frequency and severity of symptoms during naturally occurring panic attacks recollected as “usual” and during sodium lactate‐induced attacks. Seventy‐six male and 126 female patients with panic disorder or agoraphobics with panic attack (DSM‐III criteria) underwent lactate infusion studies and were serially administered the Acute Panic Inventory (API). Fifty‐nine percent of the subjects were rated by an attending psychiatrist to have experienced lactate‐induced panic attacks. Patients were also asked to API symptom rate their “usual” panic attacks.For panic recollected as usual, the most frequently reported symptoms (≥ 75%) at the moderate to severe levels included: afraid in general, difficulty concentrating, difficulty performing a job, desire to flee, afraid of losing control, palpitations, feeling hot or cold or both, dyspnea, dizzy‐lightheaded. During lactate infusion, 25 of 29 API symptoms increased significantly from prelactate to point of panic; however, particularly robust effect sizes were exhibited for the desire to flee, dyspnea, tingling, twitching/trembling and difficulty doing a job. Comparison of panic recollected as usual and lactate‐induced panic showed that more than half of the symptoms did not differ after Bonferroni correction; however, the most notable were fear in general, dyspnea, chest pain/discomfort, difficulty swallowing, feeling weak, desire to flee, and feeling hot/cold or both.These data point to a very distinctive role during both recollected and lactate‐induced panic attacks for fearfulness the desire to flee (by definition), and for dyspnea, difficulty performing a job and fear of losing control. During lactate‐induced panic, dyspnea exhibited the most robust effect size of all physical symptoms. Anxiety 1:31–36 (1994). © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lactate‐induced anxiety after imipramine and diazepam treatment
Authors: Pohl Robert , Balon Richard , Berchou Richard , Lycaki Helene 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTo examine the effect of treatment on lactate‐induced anxiety in a controlled study, we infused 44 panic disorder patients with lactate and placebo before and after eight weeks of double‐blind treatment with imipramine, diazepam, or placebo. During treatment, both imipramine and diazepam groups improved more than the placebo group. After treatment, patients in both the imipramine and diazepam groups had significantly less anxiety than the placebo patients when reinfused with lactate. In addition, imipramine decreased post‐treatment panic attack frequency and diazepam decreased the perceived severity of post‐treatment lactate‐induced panic attacks. This study demonstrates that diazepam, like imipramine, is an effective treatment for panic disorder, and that both imipramine and diazepam blunt lactate‐induced anxiety in a placebo controlled study. Anxiety 1:54–63 (1994). © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment instrument for panic disorder that includes fear of sensation‐producing activities: The albany panic and phobia questionnaire
Authors: Rapee Ronald M. , Craske Michelle G. , Barlow David H. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA set of items was developed to assess fear of activities which produce physical sensations (e.g., exercise) based on clinical observations that individuals with panic disorder fear such activities in addition to agoraphobic situations. Factor analysis of a 32‐item pool based on responses from 438 subjects confirmed three distinct factors which were labelled: agoraphobia, social phobia, and in‐teroceptive fears. Evidence was obtained to support the internal consistency, test‐retest reliability, and construct validity of all three factors. Importantly, the interoceptive factor demonstrated a slightly different pattern of relationships with other constructs to the agoraphobic factor, even though the two were highly related. The present questionnaire will help to expand current assessments of panic disorder for both clinical work and research. Anxiety 1:114–122 (1994/1995). © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Course and outcome in panic disorder: A review of recent follow‐up studies
Authors: Roy‐Byrne Peter P. , Cowley Deborah S. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis paper reviews the methodologic considerations that are important in evaluating and interpreting panic disorder outcome studies and the results of the most well‐designed of these studies. Sixteen studies that used modern diagnostic criteria and interviewed at least 25 patients on at least two occasions over a minimum follow‐up period of one year are reviewed. Results show that, despite the availability of effective anti‐panic treatments, panic disorder remains a chronic illness. While most patients improve, few are “cured.” The presence of agoraphobia, major depression and personality disorder seems to predict poorer outcome. The importance of measuring multiple clinical dimensions of panic is emphasized, along with the need to reach a consensus about the definition of “outcome” and the particular instruments to use to measure it. Anxiety 1:151–160 (1994/1995). © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antecedents of neurosis in a cohort of 30,344 twnvs in Sweden
Authors: Allgulander Christer , Burroughs Thomas , Rice John P. , Allebeck Peter 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe analyzed questionnaire survey responses in a cohort of 30,344 twins in Sweden, 280 of whom became inpatients due to neurosis within the subsequent 10 years. As a group, they dzgered substantially in their reported health profile from the survey responders who were not admitted for psychiatric treatment. When subclassified into anxiety, depressive, and other neuroses, these were indistinguishable from each other regarding self‐perceived health and personality traits. Women were more likely to be hospitalized for neurosis.These mental and social antecedents for both anxiety and depression are in keeping with the concept of a shared diathesis which is supported by neurophysiological, treatment and genetic epidemiological studies. Anxiety 1:175‐179 (1994/1995). © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biodiversity Conservation in Asia
Authors: Squires Dale 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAsian's remarkable economic growth brought many benefits but also fuelled threats to its ecosystems and biodiversity. Economic growth brings biodiversity threats but also conservation opportunities. Continued biodiversity loss is inevitable, but the types, areas and rates of biodiversity loss are not. Prioritising biodiversity conservation, tempered by what is tractable, remains a high priority. Policy and market distortions and failures significantly underprice biodiversity, undermine ecosystems and create perverse incentives, leading to over‐consumption and under‐conservation. Properly priced biodiversity creates price signals and incentives that account for all contributions from biodiversity and ecosystems. Habitat conservation remains the centrepiece of biodiversity conservation. The next steps forward include selected command‐and‐control measures and economic policies that eliminate perverse incentives and creating positive ones along with improved enforcement.
Synthesis, Persistent Luminescence, and Thermoluminescence Properties of Yellow Sr3SiO5:Eu2+,RE3+ (RE=Ce, Nd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb) and Orange‐Red Sr3−xBaxSiO5:Eu2+, Dy3+ Phosphor
Authors: Li Ye , Li Baohong , Ni Chenchen , Yuan Shuxia , Wang Jing , Tang Qiang , Su Qiang 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSunlight‐excitable orange or red persistent oxide phosphors with excellent performance are still in great need. Herein, an intense orange‐red Sr3−xBaxSiO5:Eu2+,Dy3+ persistent luminescence phosphor was successfully developed by a two‐step design strategy. The XRD patterns, photoluminescence excitation and emission spectra, and the thermoluminescence spectra were investigated in detail. By adding non‐equivalent trivalent rare earth co‐dopants to introduce foreign trapping centers, the persistent luminescence performance of Eu2+ in Sr3SiO5 was significantly modified. The yellow persistent emission intensity of Eu2+ was greatly enhanced by a factor of 4.5 in Sr3SiO5:Eu2+,Nd3+ compared with the previously reported Sr3SiO5:Eu2+, Dy3+. Furthermore, Sr ions were replaced with equivalent Ba to give Sr3−xBaxSiO5:Eu2+,Dy3+ phosphor, which shows yellow‐to‐orange‐red tunable persistent emissions from λ=570 to 591 nm as x is increased from 0 to 0.6. Additionally, the persistent emission intensity of Eu2+ is significantly improved by a factor of 2.7 in Sr3−xBaxSiO5:Eu2+,Dy3+ (x=0.2) compared with Sr3SiO5:Eu2+,Dy3+. A possible mechanism for enhanced and tunable persistent luminescence behavior of Eu2+ in Sr3−xBaxSiO5:Eu2+,RE3+ (RE=rare earth) is also proposed and discussed.
When multiple identities compete: The role of centrality in self‐brand connections
Authors: Harmon‐Kizer Tracy R. , Kumar Anand , Ortinau David , Stock James 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe current research provides a framework for understanding how centrality impacts people's choice of brands and related brand connectedness. Motivated by the need to validate their self‐image, individuals use brands to express and confirm their identities. The authors hypothesize that greater centrality of the identity to the self strengthens the connectedness an individual has for brands with value‐expressive properties. Three studies using experimental designs examined whether people whose identity is central to their self‐conception leads to stronger self‐brand connectedness than peripheral identities. In study 1, the results showed that people whose shopping identity was central (versus peripheral) to their self‐concept led to stronger self‐brand connections. Study 2 replicated the findings of study 1 employing brand symbolism as a moderator. Brands high in symbolic properties led to stronger brand connections for an individual's central identities compared with their peripheral identities. Study 3 replicated the influence of centrality on brand choice and self‐brand connections by generalizing this effect to reference group identities. Collectively, the studies provide evidence that individuals integrate brand associations into their self‐concept on the basis of both the centrality of the identity and the level of symbolism the brands holds for an identity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dissecting the Molecular Basis of the Role of the O‐Mannosylation Pathway in Disease: α‐Dystroglycan and Forms of Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Live David , Wells Lance , Boons Geert‐Jan 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDystroglycanopathies form a subgroup of muscular dystrophies that arise from defects in enzymes that are implicated in the recently elucidated O‐mannosylation pathway, thereby resulting in underglycosylation of α‐dystroglycan. The emerging identification of additional brain proteins modified by O‐mannosylation provides a broader context for interpreting the range of neurological consequences associated with dystroglycanopathies. This form of glycosylation is associated with protein mucin‐like domains that present numerous serine and threonine residues as possible sites for modification. Furthermore, the O‐Man glycans coexist in this region with O‐GalNAc glycans (conventionally associated with such protein sequences), thus resulting in a complex glycoconjugate landscape. Sorting out the relationships between the various molecular defects in glycosylation and the modes of disease presentation, as well as the regulatory interplay among the O‐Man glycans and the effects on other modes of glycosylation in the same domain, is challenging. Here we provide a perspective on chemical biology approaches employing synthetic and analytical methods to address these questions.
Erythropoietin enhances mitochondrial biogenesis in cardiomyocytes exposed to chronic hypoxia through Akt/eNOS signalling pathway
Authors: Qin Chuan , Zhou Shengkai , Xiao Yingbin , Chen Lin 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAdaptation of cardiomyocytes to chronic hypoxia in cyanotic patients remains unclear. Mitochondrial biogenesis is enhanced in myocardium from cyanotic patients, which is possibly an adaptive response. Erythropoietin (EPO) in blood and its receptor (EPOR) on cardiomyocytes are upregulated by chronic hypoxia, suggesting that EPO–EPOR interaction is increased, which is inferred to positively regulate mitochondrial biogenesis through protein kinase B (Akt)/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) signalling pathway. H9c2 cardiomyocytes were exposed to hypoxia (1% O2) for 1 week and treated with different doses of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO). Mitochondrial number, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator alpha (PGC‐1α) mRNA expression increased in a dose‐dependent manner induced by rhEPO. Akt and eNOS were significantly phosphorylated by rhEPO. Both blocking Akt with Wortmannin and silencing eNOS expression with shRNA plasmid decreased the mtDNA copy number and PGC‐1α mRNA expression induced by rhEPO. Blocking Akt was associated with the decreased phosphorylation of Akt and eNOS. RNA interference led to a reduction in the total and phosphorylated proteins of eNOS. Thus EPO enhances mitochondrial biogenesis in cardiomyocytes exposed to chronic hypoxia, at least partly through Akt/eNOS signalling, which might be an adaptive mechanism of cardiomyocytes associated with the increased EPO–EPOR interaction in patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD).
Improving the Selectivity toward Three‐Component Biginelli versus Hantzsch Reactions by Controlling the Catalyst Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic Surface Balance
Authors: Karimi Babak , Mobaraki Akbar , Mirzaei Hamid M. , Zareyee Daryoush , Vali Hojatollah 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe catalytic activities and selectivities of two kinds of mesoporous solid acids SBA‐15‐PrSO3H 1, SBA‐15‐Ph‐PrSO3H 2, and a periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) based solid acid Et‐PMO‐Me‐PrSO3H 3 that comprise different physicochemical surface properties were compared in an environmentally benign one‐pot, three‐component Biginelli reaction of aldehydes, β‐ketoesters and urea or thiourea under solvent‐free conditions. Among these mesoporous solid acid catalysts, 3, which has a hydrophobic/hydrophobic balance in the nanospaces (mesochannels) in which the active sites are located, is found to be a significantly more selective catalytic system in the Biginelli reaction; it produces the corresponding 3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2‐one\thione (DHPM) 5 derivatives in good to excellent yields and excellent selectivities. Notably, in the case of conducting the three‐component coupling reaction of benzaldehyde, metylacetoacetate and urea in the presence of 1 result in the generation of a mixture of Hantzsch dihydropyridine 4 (≈37 %) and Biginelli dihydropyrimidinone 5 (≈49 %), whereas the same reaction with 2 (catalyst loading of 1 mol % as well) furnishes the corresponding aldolic product methyl‐2‐benzylidene‐3‐oxobutanoate 6 as the major product (≈80 %) with concomitant formation of small amounts of 5 (<10 %) under essentially the same reaction conditions that are employed with catalyst 3. Water adsorption–desorption analysis of the catalysts is employed to possibly relate the observed selectivity to the difference in physicochemical properties of the materials.
Electrodeposition of a Mn–Cu–ZnO Hybrid Material for Supercapacitors: A Soft X‐ray Fluorescence and Absorption Microspectroscopy Study
Authors: Bozzini Benedetto , Gianoncelli Alessandra , Mele Claudio , Sgura Ivonne , Kiskinova Maya 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSynchrotron‐based soft‐X‐ray imaging and microspectroscopy with sub‐micrometer spatial resolution are used to investigate the electrodeposition of Mn–Cu–ZnO, a prospective active material for supercapacitors. This study is focused on the correlation of the local current density and the spatial distribution of the composition and chemical‐state in electrodeposits grown potentiostatically at −0.7 V (vs a saturated calomel electrode), as well as the optimal potential for the achievement of high specific capacitance and cycling stability. The morphology, elemental distribution, and the local chemical state of both the electrode deposits and the grown dendrite structures are followed by using X‐ray imaging, X‐ray fluorescence mapping, and X‐ray absorption microspectroscopy. For transmission soft‐X‐ray measurements, a thin‐layer Hull‐type microcell is developed and fabricated by using electron‐beam lithography. The information obtained for the spatial distribution of the deposit is complemented by using electrochemical measurements and numerical simulations.
Bis(tert‐butylpyrene) Nanotweezers and Nanocalipers: Enhanced Extraction and Recognition Abilities for Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Liu Gang , Rahman A. F. M. Mustafizur , Chaunchaiyakul Songpol , Kimura Takahide , Kuwahara Yuji , Komatsu Naoki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe developed a host–guest methodology for separation of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) according to the handedness, diameter and metallicity by the use of diporphyrin nanotweezers and nanocalipers. Although the pyrene has been frequently used to replace porphyrin, due to a similar affinity to the surface of SWNTs and better availability, the extraction and recognition abilities of dipyrene nanotweezers were not so good as those of diporphyrin ones as we reported previously. However, introduction of a tert‐butyl substituent at the 7′‐position of 2‐pyrene is found to enhance the extraction and recognition abilities of dipyrene nanotweezers and nanocalipers. That is, (6,5)‐SWNTs were obtained in high purity by use of bis(tert‐butylpyrene) nanotweezers with a phenanthrene spacer and metallic SWNTs were highly enriched by use of bis(tert‐butylpyrene) nanocalipers with a carbazole–anthracene–carbazole spacer.
Ultrafast Deactivation Mechanism of the Excited Singlet in the Light‐Induced Spin Crossover of [Fe(2,2′‐bipyridine)3]2+
Authors: Sousa Carmen , de Graaf Coen , Rudavskyi Andrii , Broer Ria , Tatchen Jörg , Etinski Mihajlo , Marian Christel M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe mechanism of the light‐induced spin crossover of the [Fe(bpy)3]2+ complex (bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine) has been studied by combining accurate electronic‐structure calculations and time‐dependent approaches to calculate intersystem‐crossing rates. We investigate how the initially excited metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (MLCT) singlet state deactivates to the final metastable high‐spin state. Although ultrafast X‐ray free‐electron spectroscopy has established that the total timescale of this process is on the order of a few tenths of a picosecond, the details of the mechanisms still remain unclear. We determine all the intermediate electronic states along the pathway from low spin to high spin and give estimates for the deactivation times of the different stages. The calculations result in a total deactivation time on the same order of magnitude as the experimentally determined rate and indicate that the complex can reach the final high‐spin state by means of different deactivation channels. The optically populated excited singlet state rapidly decays to a triplet state with an Fe d6() configuration either directly or by means of a triplet MLCT state. This triplet ligand‐field state could in principle decay directly to the final quintet state, but a much faster channel is provided by internal conversion to a lower‐lying triplet state and subsequent intersystem crossing to the high‐spin state. The deactivation rate to the low‐spin ground state is much smaller, which is in line with the large quantum yield reported for the process.
Luminescence Color‐Tuning through Polymorph Doping: Preparation of a White‐Emitting Solid from a Single Gold(I)–Isocyanide Complex by Simple Precipitation
Authors: Seki Tomohiro , Kurenuma Sayaka , Ito Hajime 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe report the luminescent color tuning of a new complex, 2‐benzothiophenyl(4‐methoxyphenyl isocyanide)gold(I) (1), by using a new “polymorph doping” approach. The slow crystallization of the complex 1 afforded three different pure polymorphic crystals with blue, green, and orange emission under UV‐light irradiation. The crystal structures of pure polymorphs of 1 were investigated in detail by means of single‐crystal X‐ray analyses. Theoretical calculations based on the single‐crystal structures provided qualitative explanation of the difference in the excited energy‐levels of the three polymorphs of 1. In sharp contrast, the rapid precipitation of 1, with the optimized conditions reproducibly afforded homogeneous powder materials showing solid‐state white‐emission with Commission Internationale de l’Éclairage (CIE) 1931 chromaticity coordinates of (0.33, 0.35), which is similar to pure white. New “polymorphic doping” has been revealed to be critical to this white emission through spectroscopic and X‐ray diffraction analyses. The coexistence of the multiple polymorphs of 1 within the homogeneous powder materials and the ideal mixing of multiple luminescent colors gave its white emission accompanied with energy transfer from the predominant green‐emitting polymorph to the minor orange‐emitting polymorph.
Diastereoselective Osmium‐catalyzed Vicinal Oxyamination of Acyclic Allylic Alcohol Derivatives
Authors: Masruri  , Kanizaj Nicholas , McLeod Malcolm D. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe osmium‐catalyzed oxyamination of chiral acyclic allylic alcohol derivatives bearing mono‐ and 1,1‐di‐substituted double bonds with benzyl N‐(4‐tosyloxy)carbamate proceeds with high regioselectivity and moderate levels of diastereoselectivity favoring the anti product. The observed stereoselectivity shows a clear and systematic trend with anti:syn ratios increasing in line with the size of substituent at both the allylic stereocenter and double bond α‐carbon. The stereoinduction is in accord with the sense of diastereoselectivity predicted by Kishi's empirical rule and a previously reported transition state model for the osmium‐catalyzed dihydroxylation of allylic alcohol derivatives. In contrast, allylic alcohol derivatives bearing trisubstituted double bonds show low or no reactivity in the oxyamination reaction affording the syn product in low yield in the cases examined. Chirality 26:724–733, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hedgehog Pathway Agonism: Therapeutic Potential and Small‐Molecule Development
Authors: Hadden M. Kyle 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe Hedgehog (Hh) pathway is a developmental signaling pathway that plays multiple roles during embryonic development and in adult tissues. Constitutive Hh signaling has been linked to the development and progression of several forms of cancer, and the application of small‐molecule pathway inhibitors as anticancer chemotherapeutics is well studied and clearly defined. Activation of the Hh pathway as a therapeutic strategy for a variety of degenerative or ischemic disorders has also been proposed; however, the development of small‐molecule Hh agonists has received less attention. The goal of this review is to highlight the recent evidence supporting the therapeutic potential of Hh pathway activators and to provide a comprehensive overview of small‐molecule pathway agonists.