bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polish Interstate Relations with Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania After 1990 in the Context of the Situation of National Minorities
Authors: Barwiński Marek 
Published: July 2014

When we compare the contemporary ethnic structure and national policy of Poland and its eastern neighbours, we can see clear asymmetry in both quantitative and legal-institutional aspects. There is currently a markedly smaller population of Ukrainians, Belarusians and Lithuanians living in Poland than the Polish population in the territories of our eastern neighbours. At the same time, the national minorities in Poland enjoy wider rights and better conditions to operate than Poles living in Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania.
Additional complicating factor in bilateral relations between national minority and the home state is different political status of Lithuania, Belarus and Ukraine and different processes of transformation the consequence of which is differentiated state of political relations of Poland with its eastern neighbours. Lithuania, like Poland, is a member of EU, Ukraine, outside the structures of European integration, pursued a variable foreign policy, depending on the ruling options and the economic situation, and Belarus, because of internal policy which is unacceptable in the EU countries, is located on the political periphery of Europe.
Ajdukiewicz: nauki humanistyczne, antynaturalizm, metodologia rozumiejąca
Authors: Kleszcz Ryszard 
Published: July 2014

StreszczenieKazimierz Ajdukiewicz był jedną z czołowych postaci Szkofy Lwowsko-War-szawskiej i jednym z najbardziej szanowanych filozofów polskich XX wieku. Jego zainteresowania obejmowafy szeroką gamę tematów, choć logiczna ana-liza języka i relacja języka oraz poznania dominowafy w jego aktywności naukowej. W polu jego filozoficznych dociekah znajdowafy się także metodologia i teoria nauki. W artykule poddaję pod dyskusję metodologiczne proble-my nauk humanistycznych, obecne w dociekaniach badawczych Ajdukiewicza. Pracował on nad problemami metodologicznymi humanistyki glównie w dwu tekstach:
Ajdukiewicz alternatywny: pragmatysta i platonik
Authors: Marciszewski Witold 
Published: July 2014

StreszczenieAjdukiewicza postrzega się jako myśliciela, który przeszedł ewolucję od radykalnego konwencjonalizmu do empiryzmu. W proponowanym tu ujęciu alternatywnym, ewolucja prowadzi do empiryzmu, ale typu pragmatycznego i z pewnym elementem platonizmu. Wyrazem pragmatyzmu jest m.in. arty-kuł
Uzasadnienie zdań spostrzeżeniowych: Ajdukiewicz, McDowell, Davidson
Authors: Schetz Adriana 
Published: July 2014

StreszczenieW artykule zostają porównane ze sobą trzy stanowiska w kwestii uzasadnie-nia zdah czy przekonah spostrzeżeniowych: Kazimierza Ajdukiewicza, Johna McDowella oraz Donalda Davidsona. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono David-sona kategorii triangulacji jako rzucającej światło na ideę rozwijaną przez Ajdukiewicza, w myśl której doświadczenie jednostkowe, choć nie uzasad-nia zdah spostrzeżeniowych, to uczestniczy w procedurze pośredniego uza-sadnienia, związanej m.in. z uznaniem społecznego charakteru komunikacji językowej.
Konwencjonalizm a prawdziwość
Authors: Woleński Jan 
Published: July 2014

StreszczenieArtykuł rozważa problem prawdy na gruncie konwencjonalizmu jako kierunku epistemologicznego. Szczególna uwaga jest przywiązana do konwencjonalizmu radykalnego Kazimierza Ajdukiewicza. Analizowane są powody, dla których Ajdukiewicz zdecydował się na omówienie funkcjonowania kategorii prawdy w schemacie teoretycznym, jak rozwinąl. Wskazuje się że konwencjonalizm radykalny nie prowadzi do relatywizmu w rozumieniu prawdziwości. Niemniej jednak koncepcja Ajdukiewicza nie da się utrzymać z uwagi na wyniki Tar-skiego (semantyczna definicja prawdy, twierdzenie o niedefiniowalności prawdy). W szczególności, metajęzyk, w którym buduje się semantyczną definicja prawdy, nie musi być domknięty. W zakończeniu zarysowana jest propozycja ulokowania pojęcia prawdy w konwencjonalizmie, oparta na spostrzeżeniu, że pogłd ten nie implikuje arbitralności konwencji.
Reproduction of Real Estate Valuation Methodology in Practice. An Attempt at Identifying Sources of Divergences
Authors: Kucharska-Stasiak Ewa 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The objective of the study is to try and identify the reasons for the detachment of the valuation practice from its methodology. Two methods have been used in the paper: the analysis method and the case study method, under which fourteen property valuation reports posted on websites and two opinions about the property valuation prepared for court purposes in order to detect and identify sources of deviations from the valuation methodology have been analyzed. The study, besides theoretical aspects, includes references to practical application: pointing out directions of changes in legal regulations and national valuation principles, which should help achieve uniformity in interpreting the valuation concept, allowing the reduction of its uncertainty, understood as the uncertainty of a single valuation and uncertainty as the difference between valuations.
Development of Areas and Public Purpose Investments in Suburban Territories
Authors: Wolny Ada , Źróbek-Rózańska Alina , Źróbek Ryszard , Piotrowski Marek , Frey Jens 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Suburban areas are subjected to particularly strong investment pressure, thus facing the challenge arising from the need to impose new spatial order. Satisfying the residents’ expectations by implementing necessary technical and social infrastructure becomes a priority. Therefore, public investments play an important role in suburban areas.
The article discusses the role of public purpose goals and their achievement using a case study which encompassed the outskirts of Olsztyn and consisted of detailed analyses of two gminas (communes) adjacent to the city. The research covered the time period from 2006 to 2010. The relationship between the development of housing functions in a suburban area and the location of public purpose investments such as technical and social infrastructure has been documented. The execution of public purpose projects is a follow-up of the development strategies prepared for the gminas where public investments are shown as a stimulant of suburban development. It has been demonstrated that decisions permitting such investments to be carried out are issued in response to the needs of the local community and investors moving to suburban territories.
Rating in the Assessment of Investment Property
Authors: Śmietana Katarzyna , Konowalczuk Jan , Maszczyk Anna 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The implementation of rating procedures is associated with searching for tools that provide an objective and standardized assessment of investment risk. For this reason, rating is an important and often essential element of investment decision-making processes which determines the development of the capital market, including the real estate investment market. In the investment property market, not only does rating provide transparency of property risk, but it can also be used for real estate portfolio analysis, investment controlling, and the analysis of factors determining investment decisions (ESV 2012).
In this article, the authors present an assessment of the suitability of the rating recommended by TEGoVA for properties considered as active investments, namely properties in the course of development and intended for future development projects. The analysis will include criteria affecting the assessment of property quality and risk, taking into account four classes: market, location, property characteristics, and the quality of cash flows. The study will allow to identify assessment parameters and determine a recommended scope for the analysis of real estate investment potential.
Interpsychique, intersubjectif, interpersonnel : états et passages
Authors: Bolognini Stefano , Hochmann Yvonne , Hochmann Georges 
Published: July 2014

L’« interpsychique » est un niveau fonctionnel, présubjectif où deux personnes peuvent échanger des contenus internes et des expériences, sous forme de partage, en utilisant l’identification projective « normale », communicative. S’inspirant de situations de la vie quotidienne et de vignettes cliniques, l’auteur propose une exploration de l’aire naturelle de ces interéchanges humains, afin de mieux comprendre ce qui se passe dans les phases importantes du travail analytique, lorsque celui-ci fonctionne bien. Les concepts d’intrapsychique/interpsychique, self/non-self, personnation/dépersonnation et d’empathie psychanalytique sont articulés ensemble avec la métaphore de la « chatière », pour décrire la complexité des échanges entre les intérieurs de deux êtres humains lorsqu’une vraie rencontre et un contact interne peuvent avoir lieu.
Tick as Appropriate: (A) Gay, (B) Queer, or (C) None of the Above: Translation and Sexual Politics in Lawrence Venuti's A Hundred Strokes of the Brush Before Bed
Authors: Bassi Serena 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This article focuses on Lawrence Venuti's English translation of Cento colpi di spazzola prima di andare a dormire (2003) and in particular on the representation of a queer character in the text. To understand the ethical implications of translating representations and constructions of “gay identity” today, attention needs to be paid to the translation and global circulation of American popular culture and particularly, to an emerging politic of “homonormativity” in mainstream U.S. gay cultural production. In the case of Venuti's translation, as a result of a series of translation choices, a character who articulates an ambiguous and contradictory sexual and gender identity in the source text becomes, in the target text, more clearly coded as “homonormative.” The article argues that in the field of translation studies greater attention needs to be paid to articulations of queerness coming from non-English-speaking cultures and how these get rewritten and manipulated when translated into English.
Why James Taggart Is No Prince Charming
Authors: Breashears Caroline 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis article examines how and why Ayn Rand uses fairy tales as intertexts in her novels. It argues that she evokes and revises fairy tales to exemplify the metaphysical values that her novels resist. For Rand, fairy tales like “Cinderella” are problematic because they typically endorse conventionality over the truly heroic. She therefore associates them with secondhanders and villains. She rejects their message that mindless conformity leads to happily-ever-after, and she exposes how fairy tales can be formidable vehicles for promoting the senseless. She reinforces her point by contrasting them with her revisions of myths, which she associates with heroes.
The Problem with Selfishness
Authors: Enright Marsha Familaro 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Ayn Rand argued that “selfish” is the correct designation for a person living according to the Objectivist ethics and that selfishness is a virtue. The accuracy of this claim is examined along with the meaning of “selfish,” the wider implications for the Objectivist ethics, and ethics in general. Alternatives to the term are suggested.
Preslip and cascade processes initiating laboratory stick slip
Authors: McLaskey Gregory C. , Lockner David A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractRecent modeling studies have explored whether earthquakes begin with a large aseismic nucleation process or initiate dynamically from the rapid growth of a smaller instability in a “cascade‐up” process. To explore such a case in the laboratory, we study the initiation of dynamic rupture (stick slip) of a smooth saw‐cut fault in a 76 mm diameter cylindrical granite laboratory sample at 40–120 MPa confining pressure. We use a high dynamic range recording system to directly compare the seismic waves radiated during the stick‐slip event to those radiated from tiny (M −6) discrete seismic events, commonly known as acoustic emissions (AEs), that occur in the seconds prior to each large stick slip. The seismic moments, focal mechanisms, locations, and timing of the AEs all contribute to our understanding of their mechanics and provide us with information about the stick‐slip nucleation process. In a sequence of 10 stick slips, the first few microseconds of the signals recorded from stick‐slip instabilities are nearly indistinguishable from those of premonitory AEs. In this sense, it appears that each stick slip begins as an AE event that rapidly (~20 µs) grows about 2 orders of magnitude in linear dimension and ruptures the entire 150 mm length of the simulated fault. We also measure accelerating fault slip in the final seconds before stick slip. We estimate that this slip is at least 98% aseismic and that it both weakens the fault and produces AEs that will eventually cascade‐up to initiate the larger dynamic rupture.
Effect of Weather on Back Pain: Results From a Case‐Crossover Study
Authors: Steffens Daniel , Maher Chris G. , Li Qiang , Ferreira Manuela L. , Pereira Leani S. M. , Koes Bart W. , Latimer Jane 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of various weather conditions on risk of low back pain.MethodsWe conducted a case‐crossover study in primary care clinics in Sydney, Australia. A total of 993 consecutive patients with a sudden, acute episode of back pain were recruited from October 2011 to November 2012. Following the pain onset, demographic and clinical data about the back pain episode were obtained for each participant during an interview. Weather parameters (temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, wind speed, wind gust, wind direction, and precipitation) were obtained from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology for the entire study period. Weather exposures in the case window (time when participants first noticed their back pain) were compared to exposures in 2 control time windows (same time duration, 1 week and 1 month before the case window).ResultsTemperature, relative humidity, air pressure, wind direction, and precipitation showed no association with onset of back pain. Higher wind speed (odds ratio [OR] 1.17 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.04–1.32], P = 0.01 for an increase of 11 km/hour) and wind gust (OR 1.14 [95% CI 1.02–1.28], P = 0.02 for an increase of 14 km/hour) increased the odds of pain onset.ConclusionWeather parameters that have been linked to musculoskeletal pain such as temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, and precipitation do not increase the risk of a low back pain episode. Higher wind speed and wind gust speed provided a small increase in risk of back pain, and although this reached statistical significance, the magnitude of the increase was not clinically important.
Preparation of multi‐level honeycomb‐structured porous films by control of spraying atomized water droplets
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Chen Huawei , Zhang Deyuan 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTHoneycomb‐structured porous films have been widely applied in various industrial areas such as chemical sensors, tissue engineering, and micro reactors. In this article, one novel self‐assembly approach is proposed to fabricate well‐ordered polyphenylene oxide honeycomb films by a facile control of spraying ultrasonic humidifier atomized water droplets. Proper spraying retention time is necessary for porous films formation with highly uniform pore size. The effect of atomized water droplets flux on the pore size and the regularity of the hexagonal arrays were experimentally investigated. The pore size became larger with increasing the solution concentration. Especially, honeycomb films with two‐level pores were fabricated by spraying atomized water droplets two times and the influence of interval time on the two‐level honeycomb films formation was investigated. Apart from analysis of structural characteristics, self‐assembly mechanism was also discussed. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 41163.
Acidochromicity of a low‐molecular‐weight pyrimidine‐based copolymer
Authors: Mamtimin Xirali , Tursun Abduwasit , Matsidik Rukiya , Sidik Sayyare , Abdulla Kamarnisa , Mamut Hayrulla , Obulda Ablikim , Nurulla Ismayil 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTA new type of low‐molecular‐weight polypyrimidine in a π‐conjugated main chain was prepared by a Grignard reaction between 2‐amino‐4,6‐dichloropyrimidine and 1,4‐dibromo‐2,5‐didodecyloxybenzene in the presence of [1,2‐Bis(diphenylphosphino) ethane]dichloronickel(II). The structure of the copolymer was fully elucidated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H‐NMR, and elemental analysis. The copolymer had good solubility in common organic solvents. The copolymer displayed a bathochromic shift when protonated with an organic or inorganic acid in chloroform or tetrahydrofuran. The copolymer depicted facile p‐doping and good electron‐transporting electrochemical properties in a 1M H2SO4 aqueous solution. The copolymer showed a narrow polydispersity of 1.04. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the copolymer had a certain thermal stability with no decomposition at a temperature of 250°C under N2. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 41174.
A rapid and sensitive LC‐MS/MS method for the determination of Pulsatilla saponin D in rat plasma and its application in a rat pharmacokinetic and bioavailability study
Authors: Ouyang Hui , Guo Yicheng , He Mingzhen , Zhang Jinlian , Huang Xiaofang , Zhou Xin , Jiang Hongliang , Feng Yulin , Yang Shilin 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA simple, sensitive and specific liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the determination of Pulsatilla saponin D, a potential antitumor constituent isolated from Pulsatilla chinensis in rat plasma. Rat plasma samples were pretreated by protein precipitation with methanol. The method validation was performed in accordance with US Food and Drug Administration guidelines and the results met the acceptance criteria. The method was successfully applied to assess the pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of Pulsatilla saponin D in rats. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Newly established ELISA for N‐ERC/mesothelin improves diagnostic accuracy in patients with suspected pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Sato Tadashi , Suzuki Yohei , Mori Takanori , Maeda Masahiro , Abe Masaaki , Hino Okio , Takahashi Kazuhisa 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPleural mesothelioma is an aggressive tumor, commonly caused by exposure to asbestos. The prognosis of mesothelioma remains disappointing despite multimodal treatment. We reported previously that N‐ERC/mesothelin could be a useful biomarker for the early diagnosis of pleural mesothelioma and developed an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system for its detection. However, the reproducibility of our previous 7–16 ELISA system has been revealed to be unsatisfactory. To measure N‐ERC/mesothelin more precisely, we developed a new 7–20 ELISA system. The subjects of this study were patients who were referred to our department with suspected pleural mesothelioma. The current study demonstrated that the newly established 7–20 ELISA system improved the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing pleural mesothelioma compared with the previous system. Moreover, the 7–20 ELISA system showed better reproducibility and displayed the tendency of both higher sensitivity and higher specificity in plasma than in serum. Particularly for the epithelioid type, the area under the curve (AUC) and the diagnostic accuracy of N‐ERC/mesothelin were excellent; the AUC was 0.91, the sensitivity was 0.95, and the specificity was 0.76 in plasma. In conclusion, assessment of N‐ERC/mesothelin with our newly established 7–20 ELISA system is clinically useful for the precise diagnosis of pleural mesothelioma.
T‐CrAsH: A Heterologous Chemical Crosslinker
Authors: Rutkowska Anna , Plass Tilman , Hoffmann Jan‐Erik , Yushchenko Dmytro A. , Feng Suihan , Schultz Carsten 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCopper‐free click chemistry is currently the most promising and most rapidly developing technology for performing tailored chemical reactions inside intact living cells and animals. Its potential is particularly intensely explored in the field of live cell imaging, for both proteins and metabolites. Here we expand the application spectrum of click reactions to the chemical crosslinking of two proteins of choice in living cells. By combining strain‐promoted Diels–Alder cycloaddition with FlAsH‐based labeling of peptidic tetracysteine motifs, we developed the membrane‐permeating reversible crosslinker T‐CrAsH. We demonstrate the feasibility of the method both in vitro and inside cells. The biggest advantage of this new tool is the small size of the crosslinkable groups; this significantly decreases the risk of functional interference.
Ein Beitrag zum Verständnis der Relevanz des Chemieunterrichts
Authors: Stuckey Marc , Sperling Jan P. , Hofstein Avi , Mamlok‐Naaman Rachel , Eilks Ingo 
Published: July 2014

Abstract„Relevanz“ ist ein häufig gebrauchter Begriff im Zusammenhang mit naturwissenschaftlicher Bildung. Oftmals heißt es, das Lernen der Naturwissenschaften – insbesondere auch von Chemie – müsse relevanter oder die Relevanz naturwissenschaftlicher Bildung den Lernenden besser verdeutlicht werden. Vielfach wird dies damit begründet, dass Schülerinnen und Schüler den Chemieunterricht als wenig relevant empfinden. Doch was ist eigentlich gemeint, wenn wir von Relevanz im Zusammenhang mit Chemieunterricht sprechen? Dieser Artikel diskutiert verschiedene Bedeutungen des Begriffs ‚Relevanz‘ im Zusammenhang naturwissenschaftlicher Bildung und schlägt, aus der Literatur abgeleitet, eine Definition und ein Modell für das Verständnis dieses Begriffes vor. Berichtet wird auch über einen ersten Beitrag zur Prüfung des Modells in einer Gruppendiskussionsstudie mit Lehramtsstudenten und Lehrkräften. Insgesamt zeigte sich das Modell als tragfähig. Die Studie erlaubt aber auch Einblicke in die Gewichtung der verschiedenen Dimensionen von Relevanz naturwissenschaftlicher Bildung bei angehenden und erfahrenen Chemielehrkräften.
Discovery of Natural Products Possessing Selective Eukaryotic Readthrough Activity: 3‐epi‐Deoxynegamycin and Its Leucine Adduct
Authors: Taguchi Akihiro , Hamada Keisuke , Kotake Masaya , Shiozuka Masataka , Nakaminami Hidemasa , Pillaiyar Thanigaimalai , Takayama Kentaro , Yakushiji Fumika , Noguchi Norihisa , Usui Takeo , Matsuda Ryoichi , Hayashi Yoshio 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHerein we report the first discovery of natural readthrough products that do not display antimicrobial activity. Two natural negamycins, 3‐epi‐deoxynegamycin and its leucine adduct, isolated 37 years ago, were found to be potent readthrough agents against nonsense mutations of eukaryotes, but not prokaryotes, without displaying antimicrobial activity. These results suggest that the compounds are valuable leads for the development of readthrough drugs against nonsense‐mediated genetic diseases without the potential for contributing to the emergence of drug‐resistant bacteria.