bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonic Preparation of Nano-CaCO3 Templates and Hollow Mesoporous SiO2 Nanoparticles for Voriconazole Loading
Authors: Liu Xiaolin , Wu Zhilin , Cavalli Roberta , Manzoli Maela , Cravotto Giancarlo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCaCO3 nanoparticles (nano-CaCO3) as nano-templates were prepared using CaCl2 and Na2CO3 solutions under controlled sonication (19.5 kHz). Using the same ultrasonic device, subsequently, hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSNs) were obtained by the hard template of nano-CaCO3. HMSNs were selected as carriers for the antifungal drug voriconazole (VOR) loading to overcome poor water solubility. Three-dimensional CaCO3 nanosheets HMSNs were obtained under gentle sonication. Three-dimensional CaCO3 nanosheets of 24.5 nm (hydrodynamic diameter) were obtained under 17.6 W for 3 min. HMSNs were synthesized by double-template method with nano-CaCO3 as the hard template. Transmission electron microscopy measurements showed that the prepared HMSNs possess hollow structures with particle size between 110 and 120 nm. Nitrogen physisorption at -196 °C revealed that the HMSNs had high surface area (401.57 m2/g), high pore volume (0.11 cm3/g), and uniform pore size (2.22 nm) that facilitated the effective encapsulation of VOR in the HMSNs. The loading capacity of VOR (wt%) on the HMSNs was 7.96%, and the total VOR release amount of VOR-HMSNs material was 71.40% at 480 min. The kinetic model confirmed that the release mechanism of HMSNs nanoparticles followed Fickian diffusion at pH = 7.4 and 37 °C. Moreover, the cumulative VOR release at 42 °C (86.05%) was higher than that at 37 °C (71.40%). The cumulative release amount of VOR from the VOR-HMSNs material was 92.37% at pH = 5.8 at the same temperature. Both nano-CaCO3 templates and HMSNs were prepared by sonication at 19.5 kHz. The as-prepared HMSNs can effectively encapsulate VOR and released drug by Fickian diffusion.
Graphical Abstract
“Alexa, Cycle The Blood Pressure”: A Voice Control Interface Method for Anesthesia Monitoring
Authors: Lee Grace , Connor Christopher W. 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:
Anesthesia monitors and devices are usually controlled with some combination of dials, keypads, a keyboard, or a touch screen. Thus, anesthesiologists can operate their monitors only when they are physically close to them, and not otherwise task-loaded with sterile procedures such as line or block placement. Voice recognition technology has become commonplace and may offer advantages in anesthesia practice such as reducing surface contamination rates and allowing anesthesiologists to effect changes in monitoring and therapy when they would otherwise presently be unable to do so. We hypothesized that this technology is practicable and that anesthesiologists would consider it useful.

METHODS:
A novel voice-driven prototype controller was designed for the GE Solar 8000M anesthesia patient monitor. The apparatus was implemented using a Raspberry Pi 4 single-board computer, an external conference audio device, a Google Cloud Speech-to-Text platform, and a modified Solar controller to effect commands. Fifty anesthesia providers tested the prototype. Evaluations and surveys were completed in a nonclinical environment to avoid any ethical or safety concerns regarding the use of the device in direct patient care. All anesthesiologists sampled were fluent English speakers; many with inflections from their first language or national origin, reflecting diversity in the population of practicing anesthesiologists.

RESULTS:
The prototype was uniformly well-received by anesthesiologists. Ease-of-use, usefulness, and effectiveness were assessed on a Likert scale with means of 9.96, 7.22, and 8.48 of 10, respectively. No population cofactors were associated with these results. Advancing level of training (eg, nonattending versus attending) was not correlated with any preference. Accent of country or region was not correlated with any preference. Vocal pitch register did not correlate with any preference. Statistical analyses were performed with analysis of variance and the unpaired t-test.

CONCLUSIONS:
The use of voice recognition to control operating room monitors was well-received anesthesia providers. Additional commands are easily implemented on the prototype controller. No adverse relationship was found between acceptability and level of anesthesia experience, pitch of voice, or presence of accent. Voice recognition is a promising method of controlling anesthesia monitors and devices that could potentially increase usability and situational awareness in circumstances where the anesthesiologist is otherwise out-of-position or task-loaded.
Technical Note—Near-Optimal Bayesian Online Assortment of Reusable Resources
Authors: Feng Yiding , Niazadeh Rad , Saberi Amin 
Published: July 2024

Near-Optimal Bayesian Online Assortment of Reusable Resources Motivated by rental services in e-commerce, we consider revenue maximization in the online assortment of reusable resources for different types of arriving consumers. We design competitive online algorithms compared with the optimal online policy in the Bayesian setting, where consumer types are drawn independently from known heterogeneous distributions over time. In scenarios with large initial inventories, our main result is a near-optimal competitive algorithm for reusable resources. Our algorithm relies on an expected linear programming (LP) benchmark, solves this LP, and simulates the solution through independent randomized rounding. The main challenge is achieving inventory feasibility efficiently using these simulation-based algorithms. To address this, we design discarding policies for each resource, balancing inventory feasibility and revenue loss. Discarding a unit of a resource impacts future consumption of other resources, so we introduce postprocessing assortment procedures to design and analyze our discarding policies. Additionally, we present an improved competitive algorithm for nonreusable resources and evaluate our algorithms using numerical simulations on synthetic data.
15.5 W, pulsed 630 nm generation based on Raman fiber laser and second-harmonic generation
Authors: Lee Dal Yong , Kim Kyungseung , Lee Chungman , Kim Jongwan , Yoon Changjun , Kim Jinju , Jun Changsu 
Published: July 2024

We present a high-power, nanosecond 630 nm beam generation based on Raman conversion and second-harmonic generation (SHG). 116.2 W, single-mode 1080 nm fiber laser based on 10/125 µm optical fiber is used as a pump source for Raman conversion and the 1260 nm seed laser diode helps the amplification of third-order Raman conversion, which results in 63.7 W at 1260 nm with 54.8% Raman conversion efficiency. SHG to 630 nm is based on type-I noncritical phase-matching conditions with bismuth triborate (BIBO) nonlinear crystal. The average power of 630 nm is 15.5 W at a repetition rate of 9.26 MHz, a pulse width of 16.0 ns, and a SHG efficiency of 24.4%. This result can facilitate the generation of a high-power visible light source with good beam quality at a specific wavelength.
Examination of acute spin exercise on GABA levels in aging and stroke: The EASE study protocol
Authors: McGregor Keith M. , Novak Thomas , Nocera Joe R. , Mammino Kevin , Wolf Steven L. , Krishnamurthy Lisa C. 
Published: July 2024

Background
Changes in regional levels of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) may indicate the potential for favorable responses to the treatment of stroke affecting the upper extremity. By selectively altering GABA levels during training, we may induce long-term potentiation and adjust excitatory/inhibitory balance (E/I balance). However, the impact of this alteration may be limited by neural damage or aging. Aerobic exercise has been shown to increase GABA levels in the sensorimotor cortex and improve motor learning by widening the dynamic range of E/I balance. The cross-sectional project, Effects of Acute Exercise on Functional Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Measures of GABA in Aging and Chronic Stroke (EASE), is designed to assess the functional relevance of changes in GABA concentration within the sensorimotor cortex before and after an acute aerobic exercise session.

Methods/design
EASE will enroll 30 participants comprised of healthy younger adults (18–35 years; n = 10), older adults (60+ years; n = 10), and persons with chronic stroke (n = 10) affecting distal upper extremity function. We will use resting magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure all participants’ GABA levels at rest before and after aerobic exercise. In addition, we will employ functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy using motor skill acquisition and recall tasks in healthy adults. We hypothesize that acute aerobic exercise will increase resting sensorimotor GABA concentration and that higher GABA resting levels will predict better motor learning performance on measures taken both inside and outside the magnet. We also hypothesize that a higher dynamic range of GABA during task-based spectroscopy in healthy adults will predict better motor skill acquisition and recall.

Discussion
The EASE project will evaluate the effect of acute exercise on GABA levels as a biomarker of upper extremity motor skill learning with two populations (aging adults and those with chronic stroke). We predict that acute exercise, higher sensorimotor GABA levels, and broader dynamic range will be related to better motor skill acquisition.
Measuring competition in primary care—Evidence from Sweden
Authors: Vengberg Sofie , Fredriksson Mio , Winblad Ulrika , Isaksson David 
Published: July 2024

Introduction
In many tax-based healthcare systems, policymakers have introduced reforms that promote provider competition with the intention of improving the quality and efficiency. Healthcare competition is usually defined spatially, with local markets often being identified as a circle around each provider. We argue that existing local market definitions can be improved to better capture actual local markets. For pro-competition reforms to potentially lead to the gains envisioned by policymakers, a crucial condition is the actual emergence of competitive markets. However, limited research has been conducted on competition in primary care markets, despite primary care constituting a vital part of a healthcare system.

Aim
The study aims to contribute to the debate on how to define local markets geographically and to examine provider competition in Swedish primary care.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted using data on all individuals and all primary care providers in Sweden. Local markets were defined as: fixed radius (1 km and 3 km); variable radius; and variable shape—our new local market definition that allows markets to vary in both size and shape. Competition was measured using the Herfindahl-Hirschman index and a count of the number of competitors within the local market.

Results
Fixed radius markets fail to capture variation within and across geographical areas. The variable radius and variable shape markets are similar but do not always identify the same competitors or level of competition. Furthermore, competition levels vary significantly in Swedish primary care. Many providers operate in monopoly markets, whereas others face high competition.

Conclusions
While the variable shape approach has the potential to better capture actual markets and more accurately identify competitors, further analyses are needed. Moreover, Swedish policymakers are advised to decide whether to still pursue competition and if so, take measures to improve local market conditions in monopolies.
Amazon tropical fishes of commercial interest show human-cell contamination but no SARS-CoV-2 in a real-life scenario
Authors: de Sá Leitão Carolina Sousa , dos Santos Carlos Henrique dos Anjos , Valente Jefferson , Maia Bernardo , Pereira Rogério Santos , Batista Larissa Matos , Amorim Felipe Guedes , Fé-Gonçalves Luciana Mara , Lacerda Marcus , Almeida-Val Fernando , Val Adalberto Luis 
Published: July 2024

Background
Amazonas was one of the most impacted Brazilian states by the COVID-19 pandemic. Mortality rates were high, and the health systems collapsed. It is important to identify possible intermediate reservoirs to avoid animal-to-human contamination. Several tropical fish are of commercial interest and are sold in large open-air markets in the region, representing a large economic and dietary importance.

Objectives
This study aimed to verify if fish species of commercial importance, aerosols, and fish wastewater in local open-air markets, at a major capital city in the western Brazilian Amazon, are contaminated by SARS-CoV-2.

Methods
488 fish, 50 aerosol, and 45 wastewater samples were analyzed for the presence of SARS-CoV-2. The samples were subjected to extraction using the BIOGENE Viral DNA/RNA Extraction kit, and the molecular diagnosis was tested for SARS-CoV-2 using the Bio-Manguinhos SARS-CoV-2 (EDx) Molecular Kit.

Results
It was not possible to detect the virus (Ct≤40, for Gene E) in these samples, however, in 181 samples of fish it was possible to detect the human RP gene (Ct≤35, for the RP Gene), indicating human contact. There was a high number of COVID-19 diagnoses in all city districts in which the samples were collected, showing that SARS-CoV-2 was circulating.

Conclusion
This study indicates that fish of local commercial importance do not carry SARS-CoV-2 viral particles, despite circulation of SARS-CoV-2, and are not an important source of animal-to-human contamination. Despite these results, the human RP gene was found detectable in fish, air, and fish wastewater, showing that such places may carry human pathogens.
A qualitative investigation of dental internships in Saudi Arabia: Exploring the experiences of dental interns
Authors: Sarhan Mohammed Mahmoud , Alwadi Maram Ali M. , Alzahrani Saleha Ali , Hasubah Saad Mahrous , Alhammad Reem Hussain , Alhussain Ali Muhammed , Qarras Leen Ahmed , Sharbib Shadan Hani 
Published: July 2024

Background
For dental graduates, internships are a vital transitional phase that gives them the invaluable opportunity to close the gap between their academic studies and the reality of professional dentistry. Research on dental internships remains limited and most of the existing studies focus on the clinical aspects of dental internships with little attention given to dental interns’ experiences overall. This study aims to bridge this gap in the literature by gaining an in-depth understanding of Saudi dental graduates’ range of experiences as dental interns.

Methods
To achieve the research objective, this study adopted a qualitative approach. Using purposive and snowball sampling, the study recruited 23 dental interns from Riyadh Province, Saudi Arabia, who had completed at least nine months of their internship. Data was gathered across three months via diaries and virtual semi-structured interviews based on participants’ preferences. The data was then analysed thematically using an inductive analytical strategy.

Results
The data analysis revealed three major themes and four sub-themes regarding the experiences of dental interns. The core three themes were “activities”, “autonomy” and “transitioning to a balanced life” whereby interns have the time and freedom to explore their interests, rekindle their social lives and focus on self-care, resulting in a better work-life balance.

Conclusion
This study suggests that dental interns will benefit from the retention and strengthening of key internship activities such as research, community work and clinical rotations. Additionally, the experiences of dental interns can be improved by encouraging interns to progress in their clinical training with a high level of autonomy. Also, due to the limited research in this area, further studies are required to improve our understanding of the lived experiences of dental interns and dental internships in general.
When Perfect Is the Enemy of Good: Results of a RAND Appropriateness Panel on Treat to Target in Asymptomatic Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Systrom Hannah K. , Rai Victoria , Singh Siddharth , Baidoo Leonard , Cheifetz Adam S. , Devlin Shane M. , Gecse Krisztina B. , Irving Peter M. , Kaplan Gilaad G. , Kozuch Patricia L. , Ullman Thomas , Sparrow Miles P. , Melmed Gil Y. , Siegel Corey A. 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:
A treat-to-target strategy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) recommends iterative treatment adjustments to achieve clinical and endoscopic remission. In asymptomatic patients with ongoing endoscopic activity, the risk/benefit balance of this approach is unclear, particularly with prior exposure to advanced therapies.

METHODS:
Using the RAND/University of California Los Angeles Appropriateness Method, 9 IBD specialists rated appropriateness of changing therapy in 126 scenarios of asymptomatic patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease and active endoscopic disease. Disease extent and behavior, prior treatment, prior complications, and recent disease progression were considered, as were factors that might influence decision-making, including age and pregnancy. Ratings were collected through anonymous survey, discussed at an in-person meeting, and finalized in a second anonymous survey.

RESULTS:
Panelists rated change in therapy as appropriate (i.e., expected benefit sufficiently outweighs potential harms from continuing therapy) in 96/126 scenarios, generally in patients with progressive, complicated, and/or extensive disease, while changing therapy was rated uncertain in 27 scenarios of mild and/or stable disease. Changing therapy was rated inappropriate in ulcerative colitis patients with mild and stable disease previously exposed to ≥3 therapies or with improved endoscopic activity, and in Crohn's disease patients with only scattered aphthous ulcers. The validated threshold for disagreement was not crossed for any scenario. Patient age older than 65 years and a plan for pregnancy in the next year might influence decision-making in some settings.

DISCUSSION:
Appropriateness ratings can help guide clinical decision-making about changing therapy to achieve endoscopic remission in asymptomatic patients with IBD until data from ongoing randomized studies are available.
Mucosal Healing Among Black and White Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Dixit Devika , Ruiz Nicole C. , Shen Steve , Daneshmand Arvin , Rodriguez Vanessa I. , Qian Steve , Neal Dan , Rampertab S. Devi , Zimmermann Ellen M. , Kamel Amir Y. 
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Mucosal healing (MH) is a therapeutic goal in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Current data suggest that Black patients may experience worse clinical outcomes than White patients with IBD. This study assessed MH between Black and White patients with IBD.

METHODS:
Retrospective analysis was performed on Black and White adults with IBD who were hospitalized for an active flare. The presence of MH was assessed at 6–18 months after hospitalization. IBD treatments received before and during hospitalization, within 6 months, and 6–18 months after discharge were recorded. C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were collected at hospitalization and 6–18 months after discharge; the difference was reported as delta CRP.

RESULTS:
One hundred nine patients were followed up after hospitalization. Of those 88 (80.7%) were White patients, and 21 (19.3%) were Black patients. White and Black patients received similar proportions of IBD treatment before (P = 0.2) and during (P = 0.6) hospitalization, within 6 months (P = 0.1), and 6–18 months (P = 0.1) after discharge. Black patients achieved numerically higher rates of MH (15/21 = 71.4% vs 53/88 = 60.2%, P = 0.3) and delta CRP (P = 0.2) than White patients, however, not statistically significant.

DISCUSSION:
In patients admitted to the hospital with an IBD flare with similar treatment and care, there was a trend toward higher rates of MH in Black patients compared with White patients. These data suggest that MH is likely not the only factor that is associated with Black patients experiencing worse clinical outcomes when compared with White patients.
Beyond The Domestic Space: The Beauty Of Women In Hijab In The Commercials
Authors: Qudratullah  , Abd Malik Ikmal 
Published: July 2024

In advertisements, women are close to the role of models of the products offered. It is because women are considered to have many attractions. This article explores the meaning of the beauty of women wearing the hijab in the Wardah cosmetic advertisement version "Kisah di Balik Cantik: Awal Mimpi ."This advertisement highlights the stories of individual journeys and struggles to achieve authentic and meaningful beauty. This advertisement not only explores the physical aspects of beauty but also promotes messages about beauty that come from within as well as motivates personal stories. This can help change the narrow narrative of hijab-wearing women's beauty in the media. This advertisement features a short story that includes the ability and competence to represent the beauty of women wearing the hijab in making decisions about products, jobs, and partners. This study uses a qualitative approach and Roland Barthes' semiotic as a tool of analysis. The results of this study indicate that the beauty of women in hijab contains three elements: halal, reasonable, and not excessive. Beauty comes from within, behaves gently, and independently dares to get challenges and work outside the domestic sphere.[Dalam iklan, perempuan sangat dekat dengan peran model dengan beragam produk yang ditawarkan. Hal ini dikarenakan wanita dianggap memiliki kelebihan dan daya tarik yang banyak dikagumi. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menggali makna kecantikan wanita berhijab dalam iklan kosmetik Wardah versi “Kisah di Balik Cantik: Awal Mimpi”. Iklan ini menyoroti cerita perjalanan dan perjuangan individu untuk meraih kecantikan yang autentik dan bermakna. Iklan ini tidak hanya mengeksplorasi aspek fisik kecantikan, tetapi juga mempromosikan pesan tentang kecantikan yang berasal dari dalam dan cerita-cerita pribadi yang memotivasi. Hal ini dapat membantu mengubah narasi yang terkadang sempit tentang kecantikan wanita berhijab dalam media. Iklan ini menampilkan cerita singkat yang memuat kemampuan dan kompetensi dalam representasi kecantikan perempuan berhijab dalam memilih aspek mengambil keputusan tentang produk, pekerjaan dan pasangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan semiotika Roland Barthes sebagai alat analisis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kecantikan wanita berhijab mengandung tiga unsur yaitu halal, baik, dan tidak berlebihan. Kecantikan datang dari dalam, berperilaku lembut, dan secara mandiri berani mengambil tantangan serta bekerja di luar ranah domestik]
Exploration of Pilobolus sp. Fungi from Various Livestock Manures in Kedung Pacul Village, Klaten
Authors: Mahardhika Wahyu Aji , Akmaliyah Rizna , Diana Milsa Solva , Listyowati Sri 
Published: July 2024

Pilobolus is a coprophilous fungus belonging to the Zygomycota. Pilobolus sp. is called a coprophilous fungus because it can live in animal feces. The uniqueness of this fungus is that it can shoot its spores, so Pilobolus sp. is called a shotgun fungus. Pilobolus sp. exhibits a phototropism mechanism in which the sporangium shoots spores in the direction of light. Pilobolus has a unique living habitat, namely in the manure of herbivores such as cows, goats, sheep, etc. This habit of life may seem terrible to us, but fungi like Pilobolus sp. are very important in life because they are a type of decomposer, capable of breaking down organic matter from dead living things. So the purpose of this study was to observe the spores produced by the fungus Pilobolus sp. (a fungus in animal waste). The method used was to cultivate the fungus Pilobolus sp. for seven days on various animal wastes placed in jam bottles. The results showed that the Pilobolus sp. fungus grew on various media of animal feces, such as horses, cows, goats, and pigs, with different growth times, and there were also spores shot on the glass walls that had been perforated.