bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Greenhouse Gas Emission Estimates of U.S. Dietary Choices and Food Loss
Authors: Heller Martin C. , Keoleian Gregory A. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryDietary behavioral choices have a strong effect on the environmental impact associated with the food system. Here, we consider the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with production of food that is lost at the retail and consumer level, as well as the potential effects on GHG emissions of a shift to dietary recommendations. Calculations are based on the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) food availability data set and literature meta‐analysis of emission factors for various food types. Food losses contribute 1.4 kilograms (kg) carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2‐eq) capita−1day−1 (28%) to the overall carbon footprint of the average U.S. diet; in total, this is equivalent to the emissions of 33 million average passenger vehicles annually. Whereas beef accounts for only 4% of the retail food supply by weight, it represents 36% of the diet‐related GHG emissions. An iso‐caloric shift from the current average U.S. diet to USDA dietary recommendations could result in a 12% increase in diet‐related GHG emissions, whereas a shift that includes a decrease in caloric intake, based on the needs of the population (assuming moderate activity), results in a small (1%) decrease in diet‐related GHG emissions. These findings emphasize the need to consider environmental costs of food production in formulating recommended food patterns.
Risk Knowledge and Psychological Distress During Pregnancy Among Primiparous Women of Advanced Age and Their Partners
Authors: Guedes Maryse , Canavarro Maria Cristina 
Published: September 2014

IntroductionFirst childbirth at advanced maternal age has become a growing public health concern due to its increased risks for maternal–fetal health. The present study aimed to characterize the risk knowledge of primiparous women of advanced age and their partners and to examine interindividual variability on risk knowledge depending on sociodemographic and reproductive characteristics. The study also examined the influence of one partner's risk knowledge on both partners’ psychological distress.MethodsThe present study is part of an ongoing longitudinal project focusing on 2 timings of assessment: the prenatal diagnosis visit (time 1) and the third trimester of pregnancy (time 2). A total of 95 primiparous women of advanced age and their partners were consecutively recruited in a Portuguese referral urban hospital. Participants completed a questionnaire on knowledge of maternal age‐related risks of childbearing at time 1 as well as the Brief Symptom Inventory‐18 at time 2.ResultsBoth partners showed incomplete risk knowledge, with the exception of the impact of maternal age on fertility, the probability to request medical help to conceive, and increased risk of Down syndrome. Women's risk knowledge did not vary depending on sociodemographic and reproductive characteristics. Male partners with prior infertility and medically assisted reproduction treatments reported higher risk knowledge. Higher risk knowledge in male partners increased psychological distress during pregnancy in both members of the couples.DiscussionThe findings indicated that first childbirth at advanced maternal age is rarely an informed reproductive decision, emphasizing the need to develop preventive interventions that may enhance couples’ knowledge of maternal age‐related risks. Given the influence of the risk knowledge of male partners on women's psychological distress, antenatal interventions should be couple‐focused. Interventions should inform couples about maternal age‐related risks, enhance their perceived control, and promote effective dyadic communication and coping strategies to address risk.
Impact of Access on TAVI Procedural and Midterm Follow‐Up: A Meta‐Analysis of 13 Studies and 10,468 Patients
Authors: CONROTTO FEDERICO , D'ASCENZO FABRIZIO , FRANCESCA GIORDANA , COLACI CHIARA , SACCIATELLA PAOLO , BIONDI‐ZOCCAI GIUSEPPE , MORETTI CLAUDIO , D'AMICO MAURIZIO , GAITA FIORENZO , MARRA SEBASTIANO 
Published: September 2014

IntroductionTranscatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) may be performed using the transfemoral (TF) or transapical (TA) approach in most patients with aortic stenosis. The impact of access choice on peri‐procedural and midterm results remains to be defined.MethodsMedline and Cochrane Library were searched for articles describing differences in baseline, peri‐procedural, and midterm outcomes among patients undergoing TF or TA TAVI. The primary end‐point was all‐cause mortality after at least 1‐year follow‐up, while secondary end‐points were 30 days mortality and in‐hospital complications (bleeding and cerebrovascular events). The independent impact of access choice was evaluated with pooled analysis using a random‐effect model.ResultsThirteen studies with 10,468 patients were included. TF was the most exploited strategy (69.5% vs. 30.5%). After adjusting for confounding variables, 30‐day and midterm follow‐up mortality (median 365 days, range 222–400) were lower in TF patients with a pooled adjusted odds ratio of 0.81 (0.68–0.97 I2 99%) and 0.85 (0.80–0.90 I2 96%), respectively. Regarding periprocedural outcomes, TF reduced risk of bleedings and strokes (OR of 0.74 [0.66–0.82 I2 95%] and 0.91 [0.83–0.99] I2 86%, respectively).ConclusionsThe TF approach reduces mortality in TAVI patients, due to lower rates of periprocedural bleedings and strokes. (J Interven Cardiol 2014;27:500–508)
A sleep bruxism detection system based on sensors in a splint – pilot clinical data
Authors: McAuliffe P. , Kim J. H. , Diamond D. , Lau K. T. , O'Connell B. C. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryIt is difficult in a dental setting to accurately diagnose sleep bruxism and to objectively assess the severity, frequency or natural history of the condition in an individual patient. Yet this information is essential for the management of sleep bruxism and to plan appropriate dental treatment. The objective of this study was to clinically test a device that could be used to record bruxism events in a home environment. Pressure sensors were developed for use under the surface of an occlusal splint, and circuitry was designed to facilitate the recording and wireless transmission of the pressure sensor signal to a computer. Controlled mandibular movements were carried out in vivo to simulate bruxism and non‐bruxism patterns. These patterns of force application were graphically presented to two examiners who were asked to identify the type of activity represented by the force curves. Examiners were largely able to distinguish bruxism from non‐bruxism activity; the sensitivity ranged from 80% to 100% and the specificity from 75% to 100%. Using sensors in an occlusal splint, it is possible to recognise the typical tooth contact patterns seen in sleep bruxism. Such a device may be useful for monitoring sleep bruxism over an extended period at home.
Use of parent report to screen for feeding difficulties in young children
Authors: Marshall Jeanne , Raatz Madeline , Ward Elizabeth C , Dodrill Pamela 
Published: September 2014

AimsThis study aimed to collect data on Australian children with regard to feeding difficulties using a standardised questionnaire, compare these data to international data collected using the same tool, assess the short‐term reliability of this tool and determine the sensitivity and specificity of this tool in detecting feeding difficulties.MethodsParents completed the Behavioral Pediatric Feeding Assessment Scale. Data on 54 typically developing children and 81 children with feeding difficulties aged 2–6 years are presented.ResultsOur Australian sample performed comparably to normative data from Canada and the UK. Reliable results were demonstrated over a 2‐week period, and the scale was shown to have high specificity. There was a significant difference between typically developing children and children with feeding difficulties in frequency of undesirable mealtime behaviours (P < 0.01) and the number of behaviours reported as a problem by parents using this tool (P < 0.01).ConclusionsThis study confirmed that the Behavioral Pediatric Feeding Assessment Scale is a valid tool for identifying Australian children with feeding difficulties. Given that it is simple to administer and has a high reliability and specificity, it is suggested as a useful screening tool for physicians working with young children. Data collected using this tool found that typically developing children display few undesirable feeding behaviours, and few behaviours are perceived as problems by parents. Therefore, any child presenting with a large number of feeding problems on this parent‐reported measure should be referred for further multidisciplinary evaluation and treatment as required.
Polysemic Objects and Partial Translations: Museums and the Interpretation of Indigenous Material Culture in Taiwan
Authors: Varutti Marzia 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis article explores the polysemic character of objects through an analysis of multiple interpretations of indigenous material culture in contemporary Taiwan. My study focuses on a specific type of object—the canoe of the Tao indigenous group of Taiwan—and its interpretations inside and outside of museums. Theoretically, my analysis draws on the concepts of polysemy, boundary objects, and cultural translation to examine the different meanings and contextualizations of Tao canoes. The unique cultural density of Tao canoes provides opportunities to critically engage with the propensity of museums to act as sites for the production, transformation, and dissemination of knowledge about indigenous cultures and to address the complex political discourses in which indigenous material culture is entangled in contemporary Taiwan. [museums, indigenous, material culture, Taiwan, translation, boundary objects, canoes]
Differences in weight loss and health outcomes among African Americans and whites in multicentre trials
Authors: Wingo B. C. , Carson T. L. , Ard J. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryThe efficacy of behavioural lifestyle interventions (BLI) for weight loss and prevention and treatment of diabetes and hypertension is well established but may vary among racial/ethnic subgroups. This report reviews literature from 1990 to 2012 to determine if outcomes were similar among African Americans (AA) and whites participating in multicentre BLIs funded by the National Institutes of Health. We identified seven relevant trials that reported subgroup analyses for AA. On average, AA lost less weight at 6 months (AA: −1.6 to −7.5 kg; whites: −3.8 to −8.2 kg), but also had less or similar weight regain compared with whites. There were no reported differences between races in diabetes incidence. Three analyses reported no differences in blood pressure; however, a fourth reported that AA women were the only group that did not experience a significant change in blood pressure. Despite increased attention to cultural relevance, race‐specific differences in weight loss persist in trials spanning 20 years; however, risk factor modification was similar across race/ethnic groups. Additional research is needed to understand the mechanisms of risk factor modification, and potential for weight change to promote even greater risk factor modification for AA than has been observed to date.
Plakoglobin Immunolocalization as a Diagnostic Test for Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy
Authors: ERMAKOV SIMON , URSELL PHILIP C. , JOHNSON COLLEEN J. , MEADOWS ALISON , ZHAO SUSAN , MARCUS GREGORY M. , SCHEINMAN MELVIN 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundA recent study using an anti‐plakoglobin antibody and immunofluorescence methods in endomyocardial tissue specimens found that a marked reduction in plakoglobin staining was highly sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). The purpose of our study was to determine the diagnostic utility of plakoglobin immunolocalization using more standard immunoperoxidase methods suitable for clinical laboratories.MethodsBetween January 2007 and October 2010, all patients at our center with suspected ARVC underwent noninvasive and genetic testing, right ventricular (RV) angiography, electrophysiologic studies, and endomyocardial biopsy from the RV septum. Several studies using anti‐plakoglobin antibodies were performed using standard immunoperoxidase methods at concentrations of 1:50,000 and 1:75,000 after serial dilutions.ResultsAmong 16 patients, nine patients fulfilled the clinical criteria for ARVC, and seven patients were found to have other cardiac diagnoses. In the initial study (1:50,000) only one of nine ARVC patients showed reduced plakoglobin signal while the others had normal staining. On repeat staining (1:75,000), reduced signal was observed in three of five of the ARVC patients compared to none in controls (four patients did not have adequate tissue for the repeat experiment).ConclusionThese results confirm that abnormal plakoglobin staining can differentiate biopsies from patients with ARVC from those with other myopathies, but with low sensitivity. Further, each specimen must be studied at a particular concentration due to variable antibody reactivity. The necessity for such fine‐tuning of the reaction, as well as the subjectivity involved in interpretation of the results, would make this method difficult to utilize in routine hospital laboratories.
Severe Central Sleep Apnea Is Associated with Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction
Authors: GRIMM WOLFRAM , SASS JULIA , SIBAI EMAD , CASSEL WERNER , HILDEBRANDT OLAF , APELT SANDRA , NELL CHRISTOPH , KOEHLER ULRICH 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundThe results of previous studies investigating the association between atrial fibrillation (AF) and central sleep apnea (CSA) in patients with left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction are contradictory.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled 267 patients in this cross‐sectional study with LV ejection fractions ≤50%, who were screened for sleep disordered breathing using cardiorespiratory polysomnography after patients with predominantly obstructive sleep apnea or insufficient sleep studies had been excluded.ResultsAF at study entry was found in 70 of 267 patients (26%). CSA with an apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) ≥15/hour was present in 116 patients (43%) and 67 patients (25%) had severe CSA with an AHI > 30/hour. Univariate analysis revealed a significant association between AF and severe CSA, age, male gender, arterial hypertension, left atrial diameter, brain natriuretic peptide, chronic kidney disease, New York Heart Association class, digitalis, and the lack of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers. Multivariate analysis revealed a significant association between AF and severe CSA (odds ratio [OR]: 5.21; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.67–16.27, P = 0.01), age (OR: 1.22 per 5‐year increase; 95% CI: 1.05–1.40, P = 0.01), left atrial diameter (OR 1.61 per 5‐mm increase; 95% CI: 1.22–2.01, P < 0.01), and digitalis (OR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.26–5.79, P = 0.01).ConclusionsAF is associated with severe CSA but not with moderate CSA in addition to age, use of digitalis, and left atrial size in patients with LV systolic dysfunction. Future studies evaluating the potential benefit of adaptive servo‐ventilation therapy to prevent AF or to decrease the AF burden in heart failure patients should therefore focus on patients with severe central sleep apnea.
Philosophical Expertise
Authors: Nado Jennifer 
Published: September 2014

AbstractRecent work in experimental philosophy has indicated that intuitions may be subject to several forms of bias, thereby casting doubt on the viability of intuition as an evidential source in philosophy. A common reply to these findings is the ‘expertise defense’ – the claim that although biases may be found in the intuitions of non‐philosophers, persons with expertise in philosophy will be resistant to these biases. Much debate over the expertise defense has centered over the question of the burden of proof; must defenders of expertise provide empirical evidence of its existence, or should we grant the existence of philosophical expertise as a ‘default’ assumption? Defenders have frequently appealed to analogy with other fields; since expertise clearly exists in, e.g., the sciences, we are entitled to assume its existence in philosophy. Recently, however, experimentalists have begun to provide empirical evidence that biases in intuition extend even to philosophers. Though these findings don't yet suffice to defeat the default assumption of expertise the analogy argument motivates, they do force any proponent of the analogy argument to provide more specific and empirically informed proposals for the possible nature of philosophical expertise.
Regression‐based estimation of ERP waveforms: II. Nonlinear effects, overlap correction, and practical considerations
Authors: Smith Nathaniel J. , Kutas Marta 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA companion paper introduced the rERP framework, which recasts traditional event‐related potential (ERP) averaging as a special case of a more flexible regression‐based approach to estimating ERP waveforms. Here, we build on this foundation, showing how rERP analysis can also handle the estimation of nonlinear effects (a generalization of both the well‐known approach of dichotomizing continuous covariates, and also of the ERP image technique), and can disentangle overlapping ERPs to temporally adjacent stimuli. We then consider how the use of rERPs impacts on other parts of the EEG analysis pipeline, including baselining, filtering, significance testing, and artifact rejection, and provide practical recommendations. Free software implementing these techniques is available.
China as a Developmental State
Authors: Knight John B. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe paper examines the notion of a ‘developmental state’ and shows that China possesses the relevant characteristics. It explains the political economy which generated such a state in China. It analyses the institutions and methods that were introduced to create a developmental state, in particular the incentive structures that the leadership used to solve the principal‐agent problem implicit in having centralised political control but decentralised economic management. These include personnel policies, fiscal decentralisation and patronage relationships. That leads to a review of its successes, limitations and adverse consequences and to the question: can China's developmental state be sustained? Among these issues are the great socioeconomic changes that rapid economic growth has entailed – which have strengthened the case for broadening government policy objectives beyond the previous narrow focus on growth. Conclusions are drawn for both China and other developing countries.
Race Weight: Perceptions of Elite Female Road Cyclists
Authors: Haakonssen Eric C. , Martin David T. , Jenkins David G. , Burke Louise M. 
Published: September 2014

Purpose:This study investigated the satisfaction of elite female cyclists with their body weight (BW) in the context of race performance, the magnitude of BW manipulation, and the association of these variables with menstrual function.Methods:Female competitors in the Australian National Road Cycling Championships (n = 32) and the Oceania Championships (n = 5) completed a questionnaire to identify current BW, BW fluctuations, perceived ideal BW for performance, frequency of weight consciousness, weight-loss techniques used, and menstrual regularity.Results:All but 1 cyclist reported that female cyclists are “a weight-conscious population,” and 54% reported having a desire to change BW at least once weekly; 62% reported that their current BW was not ideal for performance. Their perceived ideal BW was (mean ± SD) 1.6 ± 1.6 kg (2.5% ± 2.5%) less than their current weight (P < .01), and 73% reported that their career-lowest BW was either “beneficial” or “extremely beneficial” for performance. 65% reported successfully reducing BW in the previous 12 months with a mean loss of 2.4 ± 1.0 kg (4.1% ± 1.9%). The most common weight-loss technique was reduced energy intake (76%). Five cyclists (14%) had been previously diagnosed as having an eating disorder by a physician. Of the 18 athletes not using a hormonal contraceptive, 11 reported menstrual dysfunction (oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea).Conclusion:Elite Australian female cyclists are a weight-conscious population who may not be satisfied with their BW leading into a major competition and in some cases are frequently weight conscious.
Prior Heavy-Intensity Exercise’s Enhancement of Oxygen-Uptake Kinetics and Short-Term High-Intensity Exercise Performance Independent of Aerobic-Training Status
Authors: Caritá Renato A.C. , Greco Camila C. , Denadai Benedito S. 
Published: September 2014

Prior high-intensity exercise can improve exercise performance during severe-intensity exercise. These positive alterations have been attributed, at least in part, to enhancement of overall oxygen-uptake (VO2) kinetics.Purpose:To determine the effects of prior heavy-intensity exercise on VO2 kinetics and short-term high-intensity exercise performance in individuals with different aerobic-training statuses.Methods:Fifteen active subjects (UT; VO2max = 43.8 ± 6.3 mL · kg−1 · min−1) and 10 well-trained endurance cyclists (T; VO2max = 66.7 ± 6.7 mL · kg−1 · min−1) performed the following protocols: an incremental test to determine lactate threshold and VO2max, 4 maximal constant-load tests to estimate critical power, and two 3-min bouts of cycle exercise, involving 2 min of constant-work-rate exercise at severe intensity followed by a 1-min all-out sprint test. This trial was performed without prior intervention and 10 min after prior heavy-intensity exercise (ie, 6 min at 90% critical power).Results:The mean response time of VO2 was shortened after prior exercise for both UT (30.7 ± 9.2 vs 24.1 ± 7.2 s) and T (31.8 ± 5.2 vs 25.4 ± 4.3 s), but no group-by-condition interaction was detected. The end-sprint performance (ie, mean power output) was improved in both groups (UT ~4.7%, T ~2.0%; P < .05) by prior exercise.Conclusion:The effect of prior heavy-intensity exercise on overall VO2 kinetics and short-term high-intensity exercise performance is independent of aerobic-training status.