bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Herpes simplex virus type 1 virion‐derived US11 inhibits type 1 interferon‐induced protein kinase R phosphorylation
Authors: Ishioka Ken , Ikuta Kazufumi , Sato Yuka , Kaneko Hisatoshi , Sorimachi Kotaro , Fukushima Eiko , Saijo Masayuki , Suzutani Tatsuo 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) VRTK− strain that was previously isolated in our laboratory as an acyclovir‐resistant thymidine kinase (TK)‐deficient mutant, is more sensitive to type 1 interferon than is the parent strain VR3. The properties of this mutant were investigated to clarify the mechanism for its hyper‐sensitivity to interferon (IFN). It was found that: (i) IFN‐pretreated cells, but not those treated with IFN after adsorption, are hyper‐sensitive to IFN; (ii) the mutant cannot inhibit protein kinase R phosphorylation efficiently during the early stage of replication (2 hrs post‐infection); (iii) expression of US11 in infected cells and its incorporation into the virion is reduced in the mutant compared to the wild type, despite the fact that a similar degree of DNA synthesis occurs during replication of both strains and; (iv) over‐expression of wild‐type viral TK has no effect on the phenotype of the VRTK− strain, indicating that the phenotype is induced by a mutation(s) that does not involve the TK gene. These results suggested that the presence of US11 in the virion, but not that expressed after infection, plays an important role in the escape function of HSV‐1 from the antiviral activity of type 1 IFN.
New immunological investigations on Helicobacter pylori‐induced gastric ulcer in patients
Authors: Rahimi Hamid Reza , Rasouli Manoochehr , Jamshidzadeh Akram , Farshad Shohreh , Firoozi Mehdi Saberi , Taghavi Ali Reza , Kiany Simin 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTAlthough Helicobacter pylori (Hp) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic gastritis and gastric ulcer, little is known about the probable mechanisms of these types of gastrointestinal damage. To determine the precise mechanisms involved in ulcer formation, immune responses in patients with gastric ulcer (GUP) caused by Hp infection (Hp+) were compared with those of other gastritis patients (GP). The sensitivity and proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) obtained from patients were evaluated by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay against exposure with complex Hp crude antigen (HPCA) and mitogen (phytohemagglutinin, PHA). Production of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐8, in serum and supernatants of PBMNCs were then measured by ELISA. It was found that, after stimulation with PHA, both IL‐8 and IL‐1β concentrations in sera and supernatants as well as proliferation and sensitivity were statistically greater in GUP Hp+ than GP Hp−. Furthermore, HPCA inhibited the proliferation of PBMNCs dose‐dependently; however, it stimulated IL‐8 and IL‐1β production in supernatants of mononuclear cells. Therefore, the up‐regulated concentrations of IL‐8 and IL‐1β may have been caused by increase in the size of mononuclear cell subpopulations or in their cytokine secretory activity, indicating the greatest cell responsiveness in GUP Hp+ patients. These results suggest that tissue damage and ulcers occur in patients who produce more IL‐8 and IL‐1β than patients who do not develop ulcers; the former consequently have more activated immune cells at the site of infection. Therefore, both host responses and Hp virulence factors may be involved in the development of gastric ulcers.
Flexural waves in drill‐string tubulars with variable loads
Authors: Poletto Flavio , Carcione José M. , Pinna Giorgia 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTWe revisit the equations governing the bending motions in thin rods and analyse the filtration of flexural waves in vertical drill strings pre‐stressed by gravity. The aim is to study transverse drill‐string vibrations at seismic frequencies for acoustic communication purposes and provide an algorithm for processing reflected and transmitted bending motions generated by downhole lateral vibrations. We obtain the dispersion equation, including attenuation due to a gravity pre‐stress gradient and frequency‐dependent reflection and transmission coefficients at the interface between subsequent tube intervals. We then develop a propagation‐matrix algorithm to simulate flexural waves in a drill string consisting in an assembly of multiple tube sections of different dimensions. The deflection vibrations are obtained at any arbitrary recording point in the drill string. The modelling is cross‐checked with a full‐wave grid algorithm. The analysis shows that the waves produced by a concentrated force are partitioned in standing and propagating modes, which are calculated by using the flexural impedance of the drill string. Moreover, the reflection coefficients weakly depend on the pre‐stress conditions and pre‐stress has important effects for far‐field signal transmission with variable weight on bit (WOB). We discuss the approximations and limits of the method with respect to realistic drilling conditions.
The ‘Black Metropolis' in the American Urban System of the Early Twentieth Century: Harlem, Bronzeville and Beyond
Authors: Boyd Robert l. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBy defining and measuring a dimension of the Black Metropolis in terms of occupational representation, this study advances research on the urban black communities of the early twentieth‐century United States. Census data show that: (1) Bronzeville (Chicago) was the premier Black Metropolis overall and the black communities of urban‐industrial centers in the Midwest had locational advantages that rivaled those of Harlem (New York) with respect to the rise of the black professional and entrepreneurial classes; (2) The standing of Harlem as a preeminent Black Metropolis was due mainly to opportunities generated by unique features of New York that aided blacks' entry into an extensive array of artistic, entertainment and mass media occupations; (3) The black community of Washington, DC, was the only substantial Black Metropolis below the Mason‐Dixon Line because of advantages that derived from the city's location above areas of the lower South and from its status as the capital of the US federal government; (4) In general, the northern Black Metropolis was characterized more by opportunities for blacks to participate in politics and public life and to create vital cultural institutions than by opportunities for blacks to economically gain through professions or businesses.
Effect of distillers dried grains with solubles diet supplemented with rumen‐protected lysine and methionine on milk production and milk amino acids in the lactating cow
Authors: Li Wenbo , Chang Qifa , Liu Gang , Shan Anshan , Li Feng 
Published: June 2013

This study was to quantify the milk protein and amino acids (AA) in response to rumen‐protected lysine (Lys) and methionine (Met) supplementation in dairy cows fed distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) diet. Forty cows were divided into five dietary treatments: soybean meal diet (SM),DDGSdiet andDDGSdiets with 40 g/dayLys (DL), 20 g/ dayMet dry matter (DM) and 20 g/ dayMet plus 40 g/ dayLys (DLM), separately. Compared withSM,DLandDMgroups,DLMgroup increased milk yield, 4% fat‐corrected milk, energy‐corrected milk yield and protein in milk.DDGStreatments increased totalAAand the essentialAAin milk. Results indicated that dietaryDDGSincreased intestinal supplies of Lys and Met.
Quantitative and Qualitative Variation of Fat in Model Vanilla Custard Desserts: Effects on Sensory Properties and Consumer Acceptance
Authors: Tomaschunas Maja , Köhn Ehrhard , Bennwitz Petra , Hinrichs Jörg , Busch‐Stockfisch Mechthild 
Published: June 2013

Abstract The effects of variation in fat content (0.1% to 15.8%) and type of fat, using different types of milk, dairy cream, or vegetable fat cream, on sensory characteristics and consumer acceptance of starch‐based vanilla model custards were studied. Descriptive analysis with trained panelists and consumer testing with untrained assessors were applied. Descriptive data were related to hedonic data using principal component analysis to determine drivers of liking and disliking. Results demonstrated an increasing effect of fat concerning visual and oral thickness, creamy flavor, and fat‐related texture properties, as well as a decreasing effect concerning yellow color and surface shine. A lack of fat caused moderate intensities in pudding‐like flavor attributes and an intensive jelly texture. Adding a vegetable fat cream led to lower intensities in attributes yellow color, cooked flavor, thick, and jelly texture, whereas intensities in vegetable fat flavor and fat‐related texture properties increased. All consumers favored custards with medium fat contents, being high in pudding‐like and vegetable fat flavor as well as in fat‐related texture attributes. Nonfat custards were rejected due to jelly texture and moderate intensities in pudding‐flavor attributes. High‐fat samples were liked by some consumers, but their high intensities in thickness, white color, and creamy flavor also drove disliking for others.
Garlic Oil Suppressed the Hematological Disorders Induced by Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy in Tumor‐Bearing Mice
Authors: Zeng Tao , Li Yang , Zhang Cui‐Li , Yu Li‐Hua , Zhu Zhen‐Ping , Zhao Xiu‐Lan , Xie Ke‐Qin 
Published: June 2013

Abstract Although the anticancer effects of garlic and its products have been demonstrated by a variety of studies; however, few studies were conducted to investigate the effects of garlic on the adverse effects of chemo/radiotherapy. In order to clarify the above question and make a more comprehensive understanding of the anticancer effects of garlic, tumor xenograft mice model was established by subcutaneous injection of H22 tumor cells, and was used for the investigation of effects of garlic oil (GO) on the chemo/radiotherapy. In the chemotherapy test, tumor‐bearing mice were treated with cyclophosphamide (CTX) or CTX plus GO (25 or 50 mg/kg bw) for 14 d, while the mice received a single 5 Gy total body radiation or radiation plus GO (25 or 50 mg/kg bw) in radiotherapy test. The results showed that GO did not increase the tumor inhibitory rate of CTX/radiation, which indicated that GO could not enhance the chemo/radiosensitivity of cancer cells. However, the decrease of the peripheral total white blood cells (WBCs) count induced by CTX/radiation was significantly suppressed by GO cotreatment. Furthermore, GO cotreatment significantly inhibited the decrease of the DNA contents and the micronuclei ratio of the bone marrow. Lastly, the reduction of the endogenous spleen colonies induced by CTX/radiation was significantly suppressed by GO cotreatment. These findings support the idea that GO consumption may benefit for the cancer patients receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
Willingness to take drugs to prevent serious chronic diseases (自愿服用药物以预防严重的慢性疾病)
Authors: Jerzak Katarzyna J. , Pallan Shelley , Gerstein Hertzel C. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine an individual's willingness to take a preventive therapy for each of two chronic diseases (type 2 diabetes [T2D] and dementia) when provided with varying likelihoods of acquiring the disease.MethodsAfter reading a description of two chronic diseases (i.e. T2D and dementia), 345 student volunteers at McMaster University rated their likelihood of taking a drug that could halve their chance of developing each disease, assuming a 1‐year risk of developing the disease of 50%, 25%, and 10%. A five‐point Likert scale was used to collect responses.ResultsAssuming an annual incidence of 50%, 27% of respondents were neither likely nor very likely to take a therapy that halved the annual incidence of T2D and 13% were neither likely nor very likely to take a therapy that halved the annual incidence of dementia. Higher quoted incidence rates of the disease and a personal history of a chronic illness significantly increased willingness to take such therapy.ConclusionsA high proportion of young educated adults have ambivalent or negative attitudes regarding the use of pharmacological therapy to prevent serious health outcomes even when the absolute 1‐year risk of these outcomes is very high.
Resting energy expenditure in subjects with fibro‐calculous pancreatic diabetes (胰腺纤维钙化性糖尿病患者的静息时能量消耗)
Authors: Behera Kishore Kumar , Joseph Mini , Shetty Sudeep Krishna , Chacko Ashok , Sahoo Manoj Kumar , Mahendri Narayani V , Nair Veena , Nadig Shweta , Thomas Nihal 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundFibro‐calculous pancreatic diabetes is an indigenous disorder present in populations largely in tropical regions. Energy expenditure through indirect calorimetry has not been studied in this disorder and may provide important clues as to the pathogenesis of diabetes in these patients.MethodsA total of 51 males in three groups comprising fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes (FCPD) (group 1; n = 24), type 2 diabetes (group 2; n = 15) and healthy controls (group 3; n = 12) were studied. The body composition was measured using Dual Energy X‐ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) and the REE was estimated using indirect calorimetry. The predicted energy expenditure (PEE) was calculated using three different equations.ResultsPatients in both groups with diabetes had a higher mean waist‐hip ratio than the controls (P = 0.002). However patients with type 2 diabetes alone had a significantly higher mean body mass index (P = 0.012), percentage of fat (P = 0.016) and total fat content (P = 0.031). There was no significant difference in REE among the three groups. After adjustment of body mass index (BMI), the REE was significantly higher in patients with FCPD than in those patients with Type 2 diabetes. PEE correlated poorly with indirect calorimetry.ConclusionsEnergy expenditure in patients with diabetes varies according to the composition and distribution of body fat and is lower in patients with FCPD. Standard predictive equations were not accurate for the assessment of energy expenditure in patients with FCPD. Further research is required to recommend specific nutritional therapy for this group of patients.
The Shugborough Dinner Service and Its Significance for Sino‐British History
Authors: MCDOWALL STEPHEN 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTradition has it that the Shugborough dinner service was presented to Commodore Anson (1697‐1762) by the European merchants of Canton in gratitude for his crew's part in extinguishing a fire that threatened the city in 1743, and the service has come to symbolise the ultimate triumph of this courageous and determined commodore over dithering and obstructive Chinese mandarins. This article argues that the link between the dinner service and the fire is actually a twentieth‐century invention, and that its story, as currently presented to us, distorts our understanding both of Canton in 1743 and of mid‐eighteenth‐century Sino‐British relations more generally.
No effect of acute tryptophan depletion on phosphodiesterase inhibition–related improvements of short‐term object memory in maleWistar rats
Authors: van Donkelaar E. L. , Prickaerts J. , Akkerman S. , Rutten K. , Steinbusch H. W. M. , Blokland A. 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveTo further explore the implication of the serotonin (5‐HT) system in the improvement of rat short‐term object recognition after administration of the type 2 phosphodiesterase inhibitor (PDE‐I)BAY60‐7550 and the type 5PDE‐I vardenafil, the effect ofPDE2 andPDE5 inhibition upon central amino acid levels, 5‐HT, and related parameters were measured after applying acute tryptophan depletion (ATD).MethodWistar rats were orally administered saline or a protein–carbohydrate mixture with or without tryptophan (TRP).TRP‐depleted animals additionally received an oral vehicle injection or thePDEinhibitorsBAY60–7550 or vardenafil at a dose known to improve object memory performance.ResultsAlthoughATDsignificantly decreasedTRPlevels in the hippocampus 2 h after administration, 5‐HTlevels appeared only moderately affected, without any changes observed in the amount of 5‐HIAAor 5‐HTturnover rate. Moreover, no effects ofPDEinhibition upon 5‐HTor related parameters were observed.ConclusionChanges in 5‐HTneurotransmitter activity might be excluded as a potential underlying mechanism of the previously reported ability ofPDEinhibitors to improve short‐term object memory in rats. It is suggested that a decrease in cerebral blood flow potentially underliesATD‐induced object memory deficits, most likely due to decrease inNOsynthesis.
‘HAPI’ life model for the new older generation in Korea
Authors: Kim Jeeyeon 
Published: June 2013

AimThe aim of this study was to estimate the overall success of services at Gangnam Senior Plaza (GSP), determine the effect of GSP on users, and ascertain local demand for services.MethodsA 4‐week survey including 1188 participants aged over 50 years old was conducted. Participants included 498 GSP members and 690 older non‐members (Gangnam residents). Six GSP members were interviewed to substantiate the survey findings.ResultsSurvey findings indicated high level of user satisfaction in terms of accessibility to services and facilities, availability of community services and educational programs, staff friendliness and facility cleanliness. GSP service delivery can be further improved by involving highly educated and experienced older people.ConclusionHealth promotion, education and recreation activities inspiring a vibrant lifestyle have been recognised as the success factors for GSP service delivery. Thus, GSP can be considered a model for other welfare services in South Korea.
Perfusion index in the very preterm infant
Authors: Kinoshita Meredith , Hawkes Colin Patrick , Ryan C Anthony , Dempsey Eugene Michael 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimPerfusion Index (PI) is a quantifiable measurement of peripheral perfusion and may be a useful adjunct to the assessment of circulatory status in the newborn. (i) To assess reproducibility of PI and (ii) To determine whether there is a difference between simultaneously obtained limb measurements of PI in newborns <32 weeks GA in the transitional period.MethodsPerfusion Index was measured in newborns <32 weeks during the first 48 h of life. To examine reproducibility, the pulse oximetry probe was replaced on the same limb consecutively by the same operator. Upper and lower limbs were then simultaneously evaluated over a 5‐min period. Heart rate, blood pressure, birth weight, ventilation requirement, inotrope use, lactate, PCO2 and CRIB‐II score were also recorded.ResultsThirty infants were assessed. Intraclass correlation coefficient for reproducibility in the same limb was high (r value = 0.982 p < 0.001). Measurements obtained in the right upper limb were consistently higher than either lower limb. The median (IQR) PI for the entire cohort was 0.70 (0.29–1.35). No correlation existed between gestational age, birth weight, CRIB scores, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean blood pressure and median PI values.ConclusionPerfusion Index measurement is reproducible, and values are highest in the right upper limb. Wide differences between right upper and lower limb readings are most likely related to transitional circulatory changes.
CYP3A activity in severe liver cirrhosis correlates with Child–Pugh and model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) scores
Authors: Albarmawi Albader , Czock David , Gauss Annika , Ehehalt Robert , Lorenzo Bermejo Justo , Burhenne Jürgen , Ganten Tom M. , Sauer Peter , Haefeli Walter E. 
Published: June 2013

AimsImpaired liver function often necessitates drug dose adjustment to avoid excessive drug accumulation and adverse events, but a marker for the extent of the required adjustment is lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Child–Pugh (CP) and model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) scores correlate with drug clearance.MethodsMidazolam was used as a CYP3A probe and its pharmacokinetics were analyzed in 24 patients with mild to severe liver cirrhosis (n = 4, 10 and 10 with CP class A, B and C, respectively) and six patients without liver disease.ResultsBoth scores correlated well with unbound midazolam clearance (CLu), unbound midazolam fraction and half‐life (all P < 0.01), whereas the unbound steady‐state volume of distribution was not significantly changed. In patients with severe liver cirrhosis unbound midazolam clearance was only 14% of controls (CP C: CLu = 843 ± 346 l h−1, MELD ≥ 15: CLu = 805 ± 474 l h−1, controls: CLu = 5815 ± 2649 l h−1, P < 0.01).ConclusionThe correlation with unbound midazolam clearance suggests that either score predicts the metabolic capacity of CYP3A, the most relevant drug metabolizing enzyme subfamily in humans.
Definitions of terms, processes and a minimum dataset for transperineal prostate biopsies: a standardization approach of the Ginsburg Study Group for Enhanced Prostate Diagnostics
Authors: Kuru Timur H. , Wadhwa Karan , Chang Richard Tsung Meng , Echeverria Lina Maria Carmona , Roethke Matthias , Polson Alexander , Rottenberg Giles , Koo Brendan , Lawrence Edward M. , Seidenader Jonas , Gnanapragasam Vincent , Axell Richard , Roth Wilfried , Warren Anne , Doble Andrew , Muir Gordon , Popert Rick , Schlemmer Heinz‐Peter , Hadaschik Boris A. , Kastner Christof 
Published: June 2013

Objectives
To define terms and processes and agree on a minimum dataset in relation to transperineal prostate biopsy procedures and enhanced prostate diagnostics.
To identify the need for further evaluation and establish a collaborative research practice.
Patients and Methods
A 19‐member multidisciplinary panel rated 66 items for their appropriateness and their definition to be incorporated into the international databank using the Research and Development/University of California Los Angeles Appropriateness Method.
The item list was developed from interviews conducted with healthcare professionals from urology, radiology, pathology and engineering.
Results
The panel agreed on 56 items that were appropriate to be incorporated into a prospective database. In total, 10 items were uncertain and were omitted. These items were within the categories: definitions (n = 2), imaging (n = 1), surgical protocols (n = 2) and histology (n = 5).
Conclusions
The components of a minimum dataset for transperineal prostate biopsy have been defined.
This provides an opportunity for multicentre collaborative data analysis and technique development.
The findings of the present study will facilitate prospective studies into the application and outcome of transperineal prostate biopsies.