bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Plasma, Serum, and Platelet Serotonin in Individuals With High Bone Mass and Mutations in LRP5
Authors: Lee Grace S , Simpson Christine , Sun Ben-Hua , Yao Chen , Foer Dinah , Sullivan Becky , Matthes Susann , Alenina Natalia , Belsky Joseph , Bader Michael , Insogna Karl L 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT

It has recently been suggested that the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) regulates bone mass by suppressing secretion of serotonin from duodenal enterochromaffin cells. In mice with targeted expression of a high bone mass–causing (HBM-causing) LRP5 mutation and in humans with HBM LRP5 mutations, circulating serotonin levels have been reported to be lower than in controls whereas individuals with loss-of-function mutations in LRP5 have high blood serotonin. In contrast, others have reported that conditionally activating a knock-in allele of an HBM-causing LRP5 mutation in several tissues, or genetic deletion of LRP5 in mice has no effect on serum serotonin levels. To further explore the possible association between HBM-causing LRP5 mutations and circulating serotonin, levels of the hormone were measured in the platelet poor plasma (PPP), serum, and platelet pellet (PP) of 16 affected individuals from 2 kindreds with HBM-causing LRP5 mutations (G171V and N198S) and 16 age-matched controls. When analyzed by HPLC, there were no differences in levels of serotonin in PPP and PP between affected individuals and age-matched controls. Similarly, when analyzed by ELISA, there were no differences in PPP or PP between these two groups. By ELISA, serum levels of serotonin were higher in the affected individuals when compared to age-matched controls. A subgroup analysis of only the G171V subjects (n = 14) demonstrated that there were no differences in PPP and PP serotonin between affected individuals and controls when analyzed by HPLC. PP serotonin was lower in the affected individuals when measured by ELISA but serum serotonin levels were not different. We conclude that there is no change in PPP serotonin in individuals with HBM-causing mutations in LRP5. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Saccharomyces boulardii and Bacillus subtilis B10 Modulate TLRs Mediated Signaling to Induce Immunity by Chicken BMDCs
Authors: Rajput Imran Rashid , Hussain Altaf , Li Ya Li , Zhang Xiaoping , Xu Xin , Long Mao Yu , You Dong Yu , Li Wei Fen 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTDendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) that play a critical role to activate immune response. They may be targeted for immunomodulation by microbes, including probiotics. In this study, chicken bone marrow dendrite cells (chi‐BMDCs) were stimulated with lipopolysachride (LPS), Saccharomyces boulardii (Sb), Bacillus subtilis B10 (Bs), co‐culture of Sb + Bs and phosphate buffer saline (PBS) as a control group (Ctr) at 3, 6, and 12 h intervals. Results revealed that treatment groups modulated the phenotype and biological functions of chi‐BMDCs. Scan electron microscopy showed attachment of probiotics on the surface of chi‐BMDCs. Additionally transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed efficiently engulfing and degradation of probiotics. Gene expression levels of MHC‐II, CD40, CD80 and CD86 up‐regulated in stimulated groups. Furthermore, toll‐like receptors TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, and chicken specific TLR15 expressions were improved and downstream associated factors MyD88, TRAF6, TAB1, and NFκ‐B mRNA levels increased in all treatment groups as compared to control. Surprisingly, NFκ‐B response was noted significant higher in LPS treatment among all groups. Moreover, IL‐1β, IL‐17, IL‐4, TGF‐β, and IL‐10 production levels were found higher, and lower concentration of INF‐γ and IL‐8 were observed in Sb, Bs, and Sb + Bs treatment groups. In contrast, LPS groups showed prominent increase in IL‐12, INF‐γ, and IL‐8 concentration levels as compared to control group. Altogether, these results emphasize a potentially important role of Saccharomyces boulardii and Bacillus subtilis B10 in modulating immunological functions of chi‐BMDCs by targeting specific toll like receptors (TLRs) and associated factors. The role of probiotics on chi‐BMDCs functionality in a non‐mammalian species have been presented for the first time. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 189–198, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chest X‐ray screening for lung cancer: Overdiagnosis, endpoints, and randomized population trials
Authors: Strauss Gary M. , Dominioni Lorenzo 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPublication of the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) generated excitement by concluding that CT screening reduces lung cancer mortality when compared to chest X‐ray (CXR) screening. In contrast, CXR screening has long been considered to be ineffective. This is because randomized population trials (RPTs) have failed to demonstrate significant mortality reductions in populations randomized to CXR screening. While these studies demonstrate that CXR screening is associated with significant survival advantages, these advantages have been widely interpreted as spurious, due to the inference that CXR screening leads to substantial lung cancer overdiagnosis. Indeed, the reality of the overdiagnosis hypothesis is the only alternative to the conclusion that CXR screening was effective in these trials and that survival more accurately reflected the benefit of CXR screening than mortality. Mortality comparisons would be biased if randomization fails to create comparison groups with an equal probability of mortality from the target cancer. The objective of this manuscript is to review existing RPTs on CXR screening for lung cancer, and to analyze which endpoint most accurately reflects screening efficacy. We conclude that the evidence supports that CXR screening is superior to no screening, and the magnitude of overdiagnosis is minimal in the context of CXR screening. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013 108:294–300. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Minimizing over‐diagnosis in lung cancer screening
Authors: Grannis Frederic W. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractOverestimation of the frequency and impact of over‐diagnosis bias in lung cancer screening has contributed to long delays in implementation of lung cancer screening programs. Literature review reveals little evidence of substantial numbers of over‐diagnosed non‐lethal lung cancer. There is now strong evidence that lung cancers that would not cause symptoms or kill during normal anticipated survival are uncommon and mostly limited to in situ adenocarcinomas, identifiable as CT non‐solid nodules. Prevention of overtreatment is possible within well‐constructed diagnostic algorithms. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013 108:289–293. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Catalytic Kinetics and Mechanism Transformation of Fe(acac)3 on the Urethane Reaction of 1,2‐Propanediol with Phenyl Isocyanate
Authors: Yang Pengfei , Li Tianduo , Li Junying 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThe urethane reaction of 1,2‐propanediol with phenyl isocyanate was investigated with ferric acetylacetonate (Fe(acac)3) as a catalyst. In situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to monitor the reaction, and catalytic kinetics of Fe(acac)3 was studied. The reaction rates of both hydroxyl groups were described with a second‐order equation, from which the influence of the Fe(acac)3 concentration and reaction temperature was discussed. It was very surprising that the relationship between 1/C and t became constant when reaction temperature increased, which indicated that there was no reactive distinction between the two hydroxyl groups. Although the phenomenon differed with the variation of temperature, it was unaffected by the Fe(acac)3 concentration. It was attributed to the transformation of the reaction mechanism with the increase in temperature. Furthermore, activation energy (Ea), enthalpy (ΔH*), and entropy (ΔS*) for the catalyzed reaction were determined from Arrhenius and Eyring equations, which testified to the transformation of the reaction mechanism.
Oxidation of Bromide by Tert‐Butyl Hypochlorite
Authors: Pastoriza Cristina , Antelo Juan Manuel , Crugeiras Juan 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThe kinetics of the oxidation reaction of bromide by tert‐butyl hypochlorite (tBuOCl) was studied at 25°C, ionic strength 0.5 M, and under isolation conditions. A stopped‐flow spectrophotometer was employed for monitoring the reactions. Kinetic studies show that the reaction is first order with respect to [Br−] and [tBuOCl]. Linear dependences of the proton concentration, in perchloric acid medium, and the buffer solution concentration were found on the rate constant. The activation parameters were calculated using the Arrhenius and Eyring equations from the kinetic studies performed to analyze the influence of temperature on the rate constant. The results are consistent with a reaction mechanism of general acid catalysis. The catalytic constants were obtained for the oxidation of bromide by tert‐butyl hypochlorite. The slope obtained for the Brönsted relationship was 0.36.
Use of tumor‐specific resonances for more efficient microwave hyperthermia of breast cancer
Authors: Hong Sun K. , Davis William A. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThe use of tumor‐specific resonances is investigated for more efficient microwave hyperthermia of breast cancer. This concept is based on the idea that an increased power coupling (or absorption) would take place at the resonance. For hyperthermia treatment, higher power absorption means faster temperature rise to a desired therapeutic level. The natural resonances would vary depending on the tumor size, shape, and breast tissue configuration. Therefore, by adaptively tuning the source frequency of an applicator corresponding to the tumor‐specific natural resonance, it could improve the overall efficiency of hyperthermia treatment. In this article, we demonstrate this concept by applying the singularity‐expansion method to estimate the natural resonances (poles) and using the frequency of the dominant pole as the tumor‐specific frequency. The performance is evaluated via the power absorption density in the breast. Results from numerical simulations and a simple experiment shows that the optimal power absorption in the tumor takes place at the tumor‐specific resonance frequency in comparison to other frequencies. Using a multielement array setup for focused microwave, we also demonstrate that the relative phase shift between the residues (of the poles) obtained at different array elements can be used for phasing the array to create a focus at the tumor. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2659–2665, 2013
Realization of UWB filter with sirs and parallel‐coupled three lines by synthesis method
Authors: Chen Chun‐Ping , Anada Tetsuo , Ma Zhewang 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTAn ultrawideband (UWB) bandpass filter consisting of stepped‐impedance resonators cascaded by parallel‐coupled two‐line and three‐line structures is designed to satisfy Federal Communications Commission's spectrum mask. First, a simpler equivalent circuit for the parallel‐coupled three lines is derived based on the transmission line theory. Then, after the derivation of the Chebyshev‐type transfer function, the filter's characteristic equation relating the circuit parameters to the frequency responses is derived mathematically. Accordingly, a UWB filter with a fractional bandwidth up to 110% is synthesized. The designed filter is then simulated and fabricated. The measured results agree well with the predicted ones, which validates the effectiveness of our new models and the corresponding synthesis theory. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2689–2692, 2013
Dual‐feed small‐size LTE/WWAN strip monopole antenna for tablet computer applications
Authors: Lin Po‐Wei , Wong Kin‐Lu 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTA small‐size strip monopole antenna with dual feeds disposed at one corner of the supporting metal plate of the display of the tablet computer for LTE/WWAN operation is presented. The strip monopole is configured into a simple inverted‐L shape of 29 mm (less than 0.08 wavelength at 750 MHz) and has a low profile of 10 mm above the two side edges of the corner. A first end of the strip monopole can be connected to a first ON/OFF switch (switch‐1) for lower‐band operation, while a second end of the strip monopole can be connected to a second ON/OFF switch (switch‐2) for higher‐band operation. When switch‐1 is ON with switch‐2 OFF, the antenna is fed at port‐1. In this case, with the aid of a wideband matching circuit, the antenna can provide a wide lower band to cover the LTE band13 and GSM850/900 operation (746–960 MHz). When switch‐1 is OFF with switch‐2 ON, the antenna is fed at port‐2 and can provide a wide higher band to cover the GSM1800/1900/UMTS/LTE2300/2500 operation (1710–2690 MHz). Good radiation characteristics for frequencies over the antenna's operating bands are also obtained. Operating principle of the antenna is described in the article. Experimental results and parametric studies of the antenna are presented. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2571–2576, 2013
Compact triple‐band bandpass filter using multimode stubs loaded resonator
Authors: Liu Haiwen , Lei Jiuhuai , Zhao Yulong , Li Shen , Guan Xuehui 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTA compact microstrip tri‐band bandpass filter using multimode stubs loaded resonator is proposed in this article. The characteristics of the multimode resonator are investigated by even–odd mode analysis. To sharpen the passband skirts, a source‐load coupling configuration with a nonresonant node was arranged to produce several transmission zeros. For demonstration purpose, a tri‐band filter operating at 1.89 GHz (TD‐SCDMA band), 2.45 GHz (ISM band) and 3.50 GHz (WiMAX band) is designed, fabricated, and measured. The measurements are in good agreement with the simulations. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2672–2675, 2013
Analysis of single‐mode optical rib waveguide in silicon carbide
Authors: Du Wei , Chen Zhibang , Zhao Feng 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTOptical rib waveguide on a wide bandgap semiconductor—silicon carbide (SiC)—in single‐mode condition has been investigated. The effects of waveguide geometry including slab thickness and rib width and height on the waveguide performance were studied using effective index method. It was found that design can be optimized when the fundamental modes HE00 or EH00 propagate in the waveguide with very low loss, while the higher‐order modes like HE10, HE20 or EH10, EH20 are cutoff. The correction factor which affects single‐mode requirement was also examined with the values in both HE and EH modes proposed. The superior material properties of SiC, when combined with optimized design and performance, will lead to a promising waveguide device with great potential for applications such as optoelectronic IC. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2636–2640, 2013
A compact dual band‐notched UWB antenna with meandering slot and C‐shape strips
Authors: Liu Xianglong‐L. , Yin Yingzeng‐Z. , Wang Junhui‐H. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTA novel printed microstrip‐fed monopole ultra‐wideband antenna with dual notch‐band is presented in this article. By inserting a meandering slot between the feed‐line and the radiation patch, a lower notch‐band is generated at 3.3–3.7 GHz (worldwide interoperability for microwave access). And, with adding a pair of symmetrical C‐shape strips to the feed‐line, an upper notch‐band at 5.15–5.85 GHz (wireless local area network) is also achieved. To adjust notch‐band at proper position and with appropriate bandwidth, the two symmetrical strips are optimized and discussed. The prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated and measured. The simulated and measured results, including voltage stand wave ratio, radiation pattern, and group‐delay, match well. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2631–2636, 2013
Gain enhancement of the circularly polarized antenna by fractal technique
Authors: Hong Tao , Yu Song‐Tao , Jiang Wen , Gong Shu‐Xi 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTA novel circularly polarized (CP) microstrip antenna for high gain application is proposed in this letter. A rotated corner‐cut square radiator is used to implement the CP radiation. The left hand CP gain is enhanced by the fractal structure on the ground plane. The radiation performances of the proposed antenna are analyzed and the parameter analysis is also studied. The results show that the proposed antenna the impendence bandwidth is 1.93–2.025 GHz and the axial ratio bandwidth is 1.955–1.977 GHz. With the fractal structure the left‐hand CP gain reaches 3.52 dB. The proposed antenna serves as a good candidate in the design of high gain CP antennas. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2656–2659, 2013
Strain measurement based on SMS fiber structure sensor and OTDR
Authors: Hatta A. M. , Permana H. E. , Setijono H. , Kusumawardhani A. , Sekartedjo  
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThis article presents a strain measurement method using a singlemode‐multimode‐singlemode fiber structure sensor and an optical time domain reflectometer. A strain measurement range of 0–1000 με can be achieved with a resolution of better than 10 με. Using this method, a quasi‐distributed strain measurement can be carried out which is useful for a bridge or a civil structure strain monitoring. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2576–2578, 2013
5.6‐GHz fractional‐N frequency synthesizer chip design with tunable Gm‐C loop filter
Authors: Huang Jhin‐Fang , Hsu Chien‐Ming 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTA 5.6‐GHz fractional‐N frequency synthesizer with a tunable Gm‐C filter is implemented in TSMC CMOS 0.18‐μm process. The proposed prototype is with a tunable loop filter bandwidth and hence, the process variations of passive elements of resistance and capacitance can be decreased and the chip area is greatly reduced. Moreover, MASH 1‐1‐1 sigma–delta (ΣΔ) modulator is adopted for performing the fractional division number and then, improves the phase noise as well. At 1.8‐V supply voltage, measured results achieve the locked phase noise of −114.1 dBc/Hz with lower Gm‐C bandwidth and −111.7 dBm/C with higher Gm‐C bandwidth at 1‐MHz offset from carrier of 5.68 GHz. The tuning range from 5.25 to 5.75 GHz, about 500 MHz, corresponding to 9.1% with a tunable voltage of 0–1.8 V, and including pads, the chip area of 0.715 × 0.78 (0.558) mm2. The output power is −8.69 dBm at 5.68 GHz and consumes 56 mW. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2536–2541, 2013
Printed dual‐feed triangular patch antenna disposed in a small notch in the handheld device system ground plane for LTE/WWAN operation
Authors: Hsieh Yi‐Ting , Wong Kin‐Lu , Liu Yung‐Tao , Chen Hong‐Twu 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTA printed triangular patch antenna disposed in a small notch at one corner of the system ground plane of the handheld communication device such as the smartphone, tablet computer, and phone tablet for long term evolution/wireless wide area network (LTE/WWAN) operation is presented. The small notch has a size of 10 × 20 mm2 only, and two tips of the triangular patch disposed therein are in close proximity to two adjacent perpendicular edges of the notch. The two tips are the antenna's two feeds for achieving LTE/WWAN operation. Each tip can be connected to an ON/OFF switch (e.g., a PIN diode) such that the antenna can be controlled to be fed at either the first or the second tip. When fed at the first tip, the antenna will operate in a high‐frequency band (1710–2690 MHz) to cover the GSM1800/1900/UMTS/LTE2300/2500 operation. When fed at the second tip and aided by a matching circuit, the antenna will operate at a low‐frequency band (824–960 MHz) to cover the GSM850/900 operation. Design considerations of the proposed antenna are described. Parametric studies and experimental results of the antenna are presented and discussed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2767–2773, 2013
Comparison of interpolation methods for pilot aided estimation in direct‐detection optical OFDM system
Authors: Cao Zizheng , Wen Guangqian , Chen Long , Shu Qinglong , Chen Lin 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTWe experimentally compare four commonly used interpolation algorithms including linear interpolation, spline interpolation, low‐pass interpolation and time domain interpolation for channel estimation based on pilot in baseband direct‐detected optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system. The results show that the time domain DFT interpolation method exhibits the best BER performance and the most compact constellation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2604–2608, 2013
A novel UWB antenna with dual‐stopband characteristics
Authors: Akbari Mohammad , Zarbakhsh Saman , Marbouti Marjan 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTA novel ultrawideband square antenna with dual band‐notched performances is proposed. To obtain extended impedance bandwidth, novel techniques on the ground plane are used. Besides, the stopbands are realized by a I‐shaped defected ground structure as well as a L‐shaped arm ended up shorting pin on the top of the back plane. The experimental results exhibit that the antenna, with compact size 21 × 17 × 1 mm3, has an impedance bandwidth of 2.6–11.8 GHz for voltage standing wave ratio less than 2, except two frequency stopbands of 3.2–3.7, 5.1–5.9 GHz. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2741–2745, 2013
Consideration on offset LO contribution in the phase noise of offset PLL architecture
Authors: Ryu Joongyu G. , Oh Deock Gil , Hong Sung‐Yong 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTBased on experimental results, the phase noise of offset phase locked loop (PLL) is analyzed theoretically and experimented. Analyses are developed both to calculate the in‐band phase noise of a given synthesizer architecture and to predict the impact from the the phase noise of offset local oscillator (LO). This article verifies that the phase noise of offset LO give a direct impact on the in‐band phase noise of frequency synthesizer. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2699–2701, 2013
A bidirectional eigenmode expansion and propagation technique for modeling Kerr‐nonlinear photonic structures
Authors: Petráček Jiří 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTA new implementation of the bidirectional eigenmode expansion and propagation technique for modeling Kerr‐nonlinear waveguide structures is presented. The technique uses the rigorous coupled‐mode theory in combination with the scattering‐matrix formalism. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2628–2631, 2013
Monitoring cell proliferation in silk fibroin scaffolds using spectroscopic optical coherence tomography
Authors: Tay Benjamin Chia‐Meng , Fu Chit‐Yaw , Ng Beng‐Koon , Liu Jolene Mei‐Jun , Chou Siaw‐Meng , Chua Chee‐Kai 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTSpectroscopic optical coherence tomography is used to monitor fibroblast cell proliferation in silk fibroin (SF) scaffolds. Time points of 1, 3, and 5‐weeks are chosen to give sufficient time for the fibroblasts to proliferate before harvesting. Fibroblasts and their distribution in the SF scaffolds are clearly differentiated in the spectroscopic images. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2587–2594, 2013