bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia with a de novo heterozygous mutation of calcium-sensing receptor
Authors: Taki Katsumi , Kogai Takahiko , Sakumoto Junko , Namatame Takashi , Hishinuma Akira 
Published: May 2015

Summary
A de novo heterozygous inactivating mutation of calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) gene typically causes neonatal hyperparathyroidism (NHPT) with moderate hypercalcemia and hyperparathyroid bone disease. We present a case of asymptomatic hypocalciuric hypercalcemia with a de novo heterozygous mutation in CASR, S591C, which is primarily reported to be responsible for NHPT. A 54-year-old female was referred for investigation of asymptomatic hypercalcemia that was initially found in the 1980s but without a history of bone disease during the perinatal period. She had moderate hypercalcemia (12.4 mg/dl) and relative hypocalciuria (fractional extraction of calcium 1.07%) but normal intact parathyroid hormone and serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Pedigree analysis revealed that she carried a de novo heterozygous mutation of S591C, which she transmitted to an affected child with moderate hypercalcemia but not to other children, who had normal serum calcium levels. A de novo heterozygous CASR mutation that is responsible for NHPT may also present in individuals with asymptomatic hypocalciuric hypercalcemia. Caution is required when predicting course and outcome in a pedigree with CASR mutation, as well as incidental hypercalcemia, because of its variable phenotypes.

Learning points

The phenotype and severity of CASR mutations are thought to be dependent on genotypes.

We report an asymptomatic case of the de novo heterozygous S591C mutation in CASR, which has previously been reported as a responsible mutation of NHPT with bone diseases.

Variable phenotypes of CASR raise a cautionary note about predicting outcome by genotyping in a pedigree with CASR mutation.
Worldwide Population Structure, Long-Term Demography, and Local Adaptation of Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Montano Valeria , Didelot Xavier , Foll Matthieu , Linz Bodo , Reinhardt Richard , Suerbaum Sebastian , Moodley Yoshan , Jensen Jeffrey D 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is an important human pathogen associated with serious gastric diseases. Owing to its medical importance and close relationship with its human host, understanding genomic patterns of global and local adaptation in H. pylori may be of particular significance for both clinical and evolutionary studies. Here we present the first such whole genome analysis of 60 globally distributed strains, from which we inferred worldwide population structure and demographic history and shed light on interesting global and local events of positive selection, with particular emphasis on the evolution of San-associated lineages. Our results indicate a more ancient origin for the association of humans and H. pylori than previously thought. We identify several important perspectives for future clinical research on candidate selected regions that include both previously characterized genes (e.g., transcription elongation factor NusA and tumor necrosis factor alpha-inducing protein Tipα) and hitherto unknown functional genes.
Mentalizációra irányuló igény és együttműködés integratív alkutárgyalásban
Authors: Bernáth Ágnes , Kovács Judit 
Published: May 2015

A mentalizációra irányuló igény társas helyzetben a partner mentális állapotának (hiedelmeinek, érzéseinek, motívumainak) a megismerésére irányuló beszámolt törekvés. A mentalizációs jelenségkör vonatkozásában az eddigi kutatások a mentalizációs teljesítmény társas viselkedésben betöltött szerepére irányultak, jellemzően a proszociális viselkedésre.
A kutatás a mentalizációra irányuló igény szerepét vizsgálja több szempontos tárgyalások során. Elvárásaink szerint a mentalizációra irányuló erős igény segíti a személyeket abban, hogy feltérképezzék alkupartnerük övékétől eltérő prioritásait és az alkuhelyzet integratív potenciálját jól kihasználó egyezségeket kössenek.
A 75 tárgyalásból (N = 150) származó tapasztalataink szerint azok a párok, amelyekben a személyeknek átlagosan magas a mentalizációs igénye, valóban jobban kihasználják az integratív alkuteret, de nem a feladat szerkezetének jobb megragadása, hanem a partnerhez való erősebb alkalmazkodás miatt. A magasabb mentalizációs igény egyúttal az integratív alku viselkedéses stílusjegyeivel is együtt járt.
Érzelemszabályozás és machiavellizmus kapcsolata az agyi aktiváció tükrében: fMRI-kísérlet
Authors: Deák Anita , Bodrogi Barbara , Perlaki Gábor , Orsi Gergely , Bereczkei Tamás 
Published: May 2015

A klasszikus nézet szerint a machiavellista személyek érzelmileg nem vagy kevésbé vonódnak be egy helyzetbe. Interperszonális kapcsolataikat a melegség hiánya jellemzi, kerülik mások szoros közelségét. A rájuk váró feladat kognitív aspektusára koncentrálnak, tehát egy helyzet értékelése és pontos megértése vezérli őket. Affektív távolságtartásuk következtében érzelmileg megterhelő helyzetekben is képesek hideg fejjel és logikusan gondolkodni.
A kérdés az, hogy a machiavellisták érzelmi távolságtartása mögött az érzelmek megélésének hiánya áll-e, vagy a kialakuló érzelmeiket erősen kontroll alatt tartják? Kísérletünkben a résztvevők agym7ködését mértük érzelmeket előhívó feladat végrehajtása közben, ami egyúttal megkövetelte a helyzet eltérő nézőpontokból való értelmezését, a rugalmas váltás képességét is. Az eltérő (és átváltást igénylő) helyzetek egyben eltérő érzelmi állapotokat is jelentettek.
Az érzelmi átkeretezési feladat során agyi aktivációt találtunk a machiavellisták hippokampuszában, az inzulában, a hátulsó cinguláris tekervény és a cuneus területén. A machiavellistákra jellemző agyi aktiváció többsége (hippokampusz, cuneus) kognitív funkciókat ellátó területeken jelentkezik. Ezek részt vesznek a figyelmi, emlékezeti folyamatok végrehajtásában, a nem releváns információk gátlásában. Ugyanakkor az érzelemszabályozás agyi folyamatai is megjelennek, melyet az inzula és a hátulsó cinguláris kéreg területeinek aktivációja bizonyít.
Ezek az eredmények azt mutatják, hogy valóban jellemző rájuk egy érzelmi távolságtartás, ugyanakkor intenzív érzelmeket élnek át, amely befolyásolhatja a döntéshozatali folyamataikat.
Simultaneous Spectroscopic, Diffraction and Microscopic Study of the Metal-Insulator Transition of VO2
Authors: Laverock J. , Kittiwatanakul S. , Zakharov A. A. , Niu Y. R. , Chen B. , Kuyyalil J. , Wolf S. A. , Lu J. W. , Smith K. E. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTWe present a simultaneous photoemission spectroscopic, low-energy electron diffraction and low-energy electron microscopic study of the metal-insulator transition of strained VO2. The fraction of rutile structure is extracted from the microscopic measurements throughout the transition, and compared with the fraction of the metallic electrons from photoemission data. We find that at intermediate temperatures, while the system is predominantly monoclinic-like in structure, the electronic component of the transition is much further advanced. Our results provide direct evidence for a monoclinic-like metallic phase of VO2 that is easily accessible at ambient temperatures and pressures.
Catechol-Bearing Polymeric Nanoparticles for Antioxidant Therapy
Authors: Hasegawa Urara , Moriyama Masaki , Uyama Hiroshi , van der Vlies André J. , Metzger Stéphanie , Ehrbar Martin 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTPolymeric nanoparticles having redox-active catechol moieties, a common structural motif found in naturally-occurring antioxidants, were developed. We synthesized an amphiphilic catechol-bearing polymer that self-assembled to form nanoparticles with a diameter of 126 nm. The nanoparticles showed enhanced ROS-scavenging activity compared to the small catecholic compound dopamine. Furthermore, the nanoparticles inhibited ROS-mediated angiogenesis as shown by the endothelial cell tube formation assay and the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay.
Endo- und Ektoparasiten bei Neuweltkameliden und ihre Bekämpfung
Authors: Schmäschke R. 
Published: May 2015

ZusammenfassungAnhand einer Literaturübersicht werden die häufigsten Parasiten der Neuweltkameliden mit ihren für die Diagnose relevanten morphologischen Merkmalen und Schadwirkungen beschrieben. Aufbauend auf dem Lebenszyklus der Parasiten werden Möglichkeiten der Prophylaxe und Therapie aufgezeigt. Die Darlegung soll dem Tierarzt helfen, häufig auftretende Parasitosen bei Neuwelkameliden zu erkennen und erfolgreich zu therapieren.
Bestimmung der hyperregeneratorischen Ösophagopathie bei Hunden mit klinischen Anzeichen einer Speiseröhrenerkrankung
Authors: Kook P. , Araujo R. , Hörauf A. , Vieth M. , Münster M. 
Published: May 2015

ZusammenfassungHypothese der Studie war, dass sich typische Kriterien einer hyperregeneratorischen Ösophagopathie (HRÖ) des Menschen wie Hyperplasie der Basalzellschicht und Verlängerung der Stromapapillen im Epithel des kaninen Ösophagus nachweisen lassen und dass diese Veränderungen assoziiert sind mit auf gastroösophagealen Reflux (GÖR) hinweisenden Symptome und endoskopischen Läsionen.Bei 65 adulten Hunden mit klinischen Anzeichen einer Speiseröhrenerkrankung erfolgten Ösophagoskopien und Biopsien. Auf GÖR hinweisende Symptome (Regurgitieren, Ptyalismus, schmerzhaftes Unwohlsein) wurden prospektiv über einen Fragebogen ermittelt. Mittels Videoendoskopie wurden auf GÖR hinweisende minimale Veränderungen und deutliche Mukosaschäden erfasst. Neben einer histologischen Untersuchung der Ösophagusbioptate wurden Strukturen des ösophagealen Plattenepithels mikroskopisch morphometrisch quantifiziert.Das ösophageale Plattenepithel zeigte sich histologisch bei 48 Hunden unauffällig und bei 17 Hunden bestand eine HRÖ mit Vorliegen beider pathognomonischer Veränderungen (Hyperplasie der Basalzellschicht, Verlängerung der Stromapapillen). Die Basalzellschicht und die Stromapapillen waren morphometrisch bei den 17 Hunden mit HRÖ signifikant (jeweils p < 0,0001) breiter und länger als bei den 48 Hunden ohne HRÖ. Symptome von GÖR insgesamt sowie Regurgitieren fanden sich signifikant (p = 0,02 bzw. p = 0,009) häufiger bei den 17 Hunden mit HRÖ als bei den 48 Hunden ohne HRÖ. Ebenso wurden endoskopische Läsionen insgesamt sowie minimale auf GÖR hinweisende endoskopische Veränderungen signifikant (p = 0,002 bzw. p = 0,004) häufiger bei den 17 Hunden mit HRÖ festgestellt als bei den 48 Hunden ohne HRÖ.Typische Merkmale der hyperregeneratorischen Ösophagopathie des Menschen lassen sich auch im kaninen Speiseröhrenepithel nachweisen. Die histologischen Veränderungen sind assoziiert mit Symptomen und endoskopischen Läsionen, die auf einen gastroösophagealen Reflux hinweisen.
The relationship between vitamin D status, physical activity and insulin resistance in overweight and obese subjects
Authors: Kavadar Gülis , Demircioğlu Demet Tekdöş , Özgönenel Levent , Emre Tuluhan Yunus 
Published: May 2015

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) incidence has been increasing worldwide along with the rise of obesity and sedantery lifestyle. Decreased physical activity (PA) and obesity have also been associated with the low vitamin D levels. We aimed to determine the association between PA, vitamin D status and insulin resistance in overweight and obese subjects. A total of 294 (186 female, 108 male) overweight or obese subjects were included in this cross-sectional study. 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D), insulin, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbA1c levels were measured in blood samples. Body mass index (BMI), HOMA-index and total score of International Physical Activity Questionnaire-long form (IPAQ) were calculated. Insulin resistant subjects were compared with the non-resistant group. The mean age of the participants was 45±12.25 and 41.39±10.32; 25(OH)D levels were 8.91 ± 4.30 and 17.62 ± 10.47 ng/dL; BMIs were 31.29 ± 4.48 and 28.2 ± 3.16 kg/m², IPAQ total scores were 548.71±382.81 and 998±486.21 in the insulin resistant and nonresistant subjects, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in terms of 25(OH)D, FPG, insulin levels, IPAQ total score and BMI between the two groups (p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.001).Significantly low 25(OH)D levels, high BMI and low PA in insulin resistant subjects confirm the importance of active lifestyle and the maintenance of normal vitamin D levels in overweight and obese subjects in prevention of T2DM.
Electrical Savings in Oil Production
Authors: Bullock J. E. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
Many oil production operations do not efficiently utilize electricity. Recommended methods for improving electrical efficiency and reducing electric bills are: Install pump-off controllers and timers.Modify pumping unit stroke length and speed.Use multi-mode motors in low mode.Use cog-type belts.Improve power factor with capacitors.Utilize electric rate options.
The Effects of Size, Shape, and Orientation of an Impermeable Region on Transient Pressure Testing
Authors: Britto P. , Sageev A. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
A practical consideration of the effects of the shape, size, and orientation of an impermeable reservoir region on transient pressure testing is presented. The constant rate production well is external to the impermeable region. Impermeable regions may be in the form of sealing fractures of finite length, that have little volume associated with them and are only a local restriction to fluid flow. These regions may also be shale lenses or reduced permeability regions that in addition to being a restriction to flow occupy a significant reservoir volume. This paper considers a single impermeable region with various sizes, shapes, and orientations with respect to the active source well.
The transient pressure response of the constant rate well is generated by replacing the impermeable boundaries by a set of line sources, and then applying the method of superposition. This method can be extended to include pressure responses of interference wells. The method is validated by matching the pressure responses of simple cases like a linear no-flow boundary and an internal circular no-flow boundary.
The key issue of this paper is the detectability of large scale impermeable reservoir regions by transient pressure analysis. The presence of an impermeable region causes the pressure response to deviate from the homogeneous line source response. This pressure deviation is the indication that the reservoir is heterogeneous. Four major parameters affect the pressure response of the active source well in the presence of an impermeable region: 1. the shortest distance between the well and the impermeable region, 2. the size of the region, 3. the shape of the region, and 4. the orientation of the region. This paper presents combinations of these four parameters that significantly affect the transient pressure response as well as some criteria for deciding what impermeable regions may be uniquely detected.
Gladfelter Deconvolution
Authors: Kuchuk F. J. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The Gladfelter (Gladfelter, Tracy, and Wilsey1) deconvolution method has been used for the last three decades for determining the constant rate behavior of the well-reservoir system from simultaneously measured downhole flow rate (afterflow) and pressure data. The success of the Gladfelter deconvolution method depends on the behavior of the downhole flow rate. It is shown that the method works only if the downhole flow rate varies linearly with time. It is also shown that the commonly assumed first semilog straight line due to the Gladfelter deconvolution is instead a tangential line that is parallel to the final semilog straight line.
The validity of the Gladfelter deconvolution method is investigated for different wellbore geometries such as line, cylindrical, and spherical source wells, as well as fractured wells. Some useful asymptotic solutions are presented for the interpretation of simultaneously measured downhole flow rate and pressure.
The Performance of Perforated Completions in Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Ichara M. J. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
Although investigational work has been conducted to determine the performance of perforated completions in oil wells, not much is known about the performance of perforated completions in gas reservoirs. It is the objective of this paper to help fill this gap.
A finite-element program was used to study in great detail the effects of perforation geometry and formation properties in the performance of completed gas wells. More specifically, the influences of (i) shot density, (ii) perforation length, (iii) phasing angle, (iv) formation permeability, (v) formation anisotropy and (vi) turbulence factor were studied.
The results include the following: (i) In gas reservoirs with drawdown in the order of Δp2 = 6.75 × 106psi2 (Δp = 1500psi), turbulence effects are negligible when the horizontal permeability is equal to or less than 10 md., but can be very significant if the permeability is in the order of 1 darcy or more, (ii) When turbulence effects are not dominant, perforation length and phasing angle can affect productivity ratios, (iii) In anisotropic formations high shot density (≥ 12 shots/ft) with deep penetration (≥ 15 in.) is required for the well to perform better than an open hole completion; (iv) Turbulence effects can cause up to 74% loss in production in high-permeability formations.
The nomograph generated in this paper can be used to predict productivity ratios and skin factors in gas reservoirs.
Practical Approach to Caprock Analysis
Authors: Carlson M. R. , Uwiera Michelle , Cooper Peter , Lee Dickson , MacDonald Adam 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The issues of caprock integrity have been thrust into the forefront of consideration and regulation. There have been several documented steam and bitumen leaks to surface and recently the AER has placed a moratorium on the licensing of shallow thermal in-situ oilsand projects. They have also sent out a series of draft requirements. In the interim, the draft letters are a good indicator of future requirements.
A brief description will be made of the main technical issues in determining caprock integrity. A detailed discussion will also be made of the 5 separate documents issued by the AER. A practical approach to deal with these technical and regulatory requirements will be outlined. The foundation of all of this analysis is a good understanding of the conditions in the ground. The paper will concentrate on core acquisition, storage, analysis and preservation from the drill site to the laboratory. This is the starting point for laboratory testing, MOP determination, geomechanical modelling and thermal reservoir simulation.
Failure to properly quantify the geomechanical properties and in-situ stress can increase the potential for failure. This could end a project, tie up capital, produce environmental liabilities and risk public safety. Responsible development of thermal projects requires that caprock integrity be quantified.
Drained/Undrained Zones Boundary in Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage Process
Authors: Irani Mazda , Gates Ian 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Li et al. (2004) described three zones at the edge of steam chambers based on drainage conditions: 1. drained, 2. partially drained, and 3. undrained. In the drained zone, the pore pressure is controlled by injection pressure and fluid mobility within this region is sufficient to drain additional pore pressures due to shear dilation and pore fluid thermal expansion. The undrained zone lies beyond the partially drained zone and extends to virgin reservoir far beyond the chamber. In this zone shearing behaves under undrained condition; by this they mean no volume change occurs but shear lead to changes in pore pressure. Li et al. (2004) proposed that the boundaries of these zones are based on bitumen viscosity which relates to the temperature distribution beyond the steam interface. Since drained/undrained conditions impact the geomechanics at the edge of the chamber, we investigate whether Li et al.’s assumption that there is no volume change within the sheared zone is correct and is supported by field data. Here, we establish the physics associated with the undrained zone at the edge of SAGD steam chamber and explore the pressure front versus temperature front of different oil sand field projects. The results reveal that the drained zone governed by pressure front advancement is greater in extent than the sheared zone.. The thermodynamics of the undrained zone is discussed to derive a new theory for mechano-thermal phenomena at the edge of the chamber. The results from the theory show that the drained zone extends beyond the temperature front and thus, from a geomechanical point of view, the system solely consists of the drained and partially drained zones.
Novel Water-Based Fluids for Oil-Sands Drilling
Authors: Deng Zhao , Livanec Philip W. , Deville Jay P. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Drilling through oil sands poses a special challenge as a result of the sticky nature of bitumen and the unconsolidated nature of oil sands. Although bitumen adheres to drilling tools, causing high torque and drag and a reduced rate of penetration (ROP), the unconsolidated oil sands impose an additional difficulty associated with maintaining a gauge wellbore. Common methods to counter the adhesive nature of bitumen have involved the dissolution of the bitumen into the drilling fluid, which contaminates and impairs the drilling fluid and jeopardizes the wellbore stability. This paper presents a novel solution to overcome these issues. Through thoughtful design and formulation, a new oil sands drilling fluid (OSDF) system has been developed that contains a key multifunctional polymer additive as a bitumen modifier, filtration control agent, and lubricant. A comprehensive evaluation of this fluid system was made through a series of tests, including bitumen accretion, shear stability, fluid loss, foaming tendency, and lubricity. From all test results, the new OSDF demonstrated excellent performance in the prevention of bitumen accretion and the reduction of mud contamination. It also provides a low foaming tendency, good fluid loss control, enhanced lubricity, and operational flexibility at the full pH range. In addition, to be able to monitor the content of the key polymer additive at the rig site, two new field methods were developed to accurately quantify its concentration in the drilling mud. All of these advantages should provide superior rig performance in terms of avoidance of tool accretion and bit balling, enhanced wellbore stability, reduced torque and drag, and facilitation of running liner after the completion of drilling. This new development is an engineered solution that takes all aspects of oil sands drilling into consideration