bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sociodemographic Study of Danish Individuals Diagnosed with Transsexualism
Authors: Simonsen Rikke , Hald Gert Martin , Giraldi Annamaria , Kristensen Ellids 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Introduction
Male-to-female (MtF) and female-to-male (FtM) individuals with transsexualism (International Classification of Diseases-10) may differ in core clinical and sociodemographic variables such as age, sexual orientation, marriage and parenthood, school, educational level, and employment. Assessing and understanding the implication of such differences may be a key to developing appropriate and effective treatment and intervention strategies for this group. However, research in the area remains sparse and is often on small populations, making the generalization of results from current studies on individuals diagnosed with transsexualism difficult.

Aims
(i) To describe and assess key sociodemographic and treatment-related differences between MtF and FtM individuals in a Danish population of individuals diagnosed with transsexualism; (ii) to assess possible implications of such difference, if any, for clinical treatment initiatives for individuals diagnosed with transsexualism.

Methods
Follow-up of 108 individuals who had permission to undergo sex reassignment surgery (SRS, meaning castration and genital plastic surgery) over a 30-year period from 1978 to 2008 through the Gender Identity Unit in Copenhagen, Denmark. The individuals were identified through Social Security numbers. Clinical and sociodemographic data from medical records were collected.

Results
The sex ratio was 1.16:1 (MtF : FtM). Mean age at first referral was 26.9 (standard deviation [SD] 8.8) years for FtM and 30.2 (SD 9.7) for MtF individuals. Compared with MtF, FtM had a significantly lower onset age (before 12 years of age) and lower age when permission for SRS was granted. Further, FtM individuals were significantly more often gynephilic (sexually attracted to females) during research period and less likely to start self-initiated hormonal sex reassignment (SR) (treatment with cross-sex hormones). The MtF and FtM groups did not differ in years of school, educational level, employment, or engagement in marriage and cohabitation.

Conclusions
As approximately half of MtF started cross-sex hormonal SR without attending a gender unit, future treatment needs to focus on this group of MtF individuals in order to accommodate the medical risks of self-initiated hormonal treatment.Earlier intervention with adolescents appears necessary since three-quarters of FtM individuals before age 12 had problems with their assigned sex. For both MtF and FtM, we found problems in areas of school, education, and employment and recommend further help in these core areas.
Essential Roles of Dopamine and Serotonin in Tooth Repair: Functional Interplay Between Odontogenic Stem Cells and Platelets
Authors: Baudry Anne , Alleaume-Butaux Aurélie , Dimitrova-Nakov Sasha , Goldberg Michel , Schneider Benoît , Launay Jean-Marie , Kellermann Odile 
Published: April 2015

AbstractCharacterizing stem cell intrinsic functions is an ongoing challenge for cell therapies. Here, we report that two independent A4 and H8 stem cell lines isolated from mouse molar pulp display the overall functions of bioaminergic cells. Both clones produce neurotrophins and synthesize, catabolize, store, and transport serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) and dopamine (DA). They express 5-HT1D,2B,7 and D1,3 autoreceptors, which render pulpal stem cells competent to respond to circulating 5-HT and DA. We show that injury-activated platelets are the source of systemic 5-HT and DA necessary for dental repair since natural dentin reparation is impaired in two rat models with monoamine storage-deficient blood platelets. Moreover, selective inhibition of either D1, D3, 5-HT2B, or 5-HT7 receptor within the pulp of wild-type rat molars after lesion alters the reparative process. Altogether our data argue that 5-HT and DA coreleased by pulp injury-activated platelets are critical for stem cell-mediated dental repair through 5-HT and DA receptor signalings. Stem Cells 2015;33:2586—2595
Ancestral Insertions and Expansions of rRNA do not Support an Origin of the Ribosome in Its Peptidyl Transferase Center
Authors: Caetano-Anollés Gustavo 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Phylogenetic reconstruction of ribosomal history suggests that the ribonucleoprotein complex originated in structures supporting RNA decoding and ribosomal mechanics. A recent study of accretion of ancestral expansion segments of rRNA, however, contends that the large subunit of the ribosome originated in its peptidyl transferase center (PTC). Here I re-analyze the rRNA insertion data that supports this claim. Analysis of a crucial three-way junction connecting the long-helical coaxial branch that supports the PTC to the L1 stalk and its translocation functions reveals an incorrect branch-to-trunk insertion assignment that is in conflict with the PTC-centered accretion model. Instead, the insertion supports the ancestral origin of translocation. Similarly, an insertion linking a terminal coaxial trunk that holds the L7–12 stalk and its GTPase center to a seven-way junction of the molecule again questions the early origin of the PTC. Unwarranted assumptions, dismissals of conflicting data, structural insertion ambiguities, and lack of phylogenetic information compromise the construction of an unequivocal insertion-based model of macromolecular accretion. Results prompt integration of phylogenetic and structure-based models to address RNA junction growth and evolutionary constraints acting on ribosomal structure.
Meta‐Analysis of the Effects of Peer‐Administered Psychosocial Interventions on Symptoms of Depression
Authors: Bryan Amanda E. B. , Arkowitz Hal 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMany community mental health centers have implemented
peer treatment models that employ recovered former clients as cost‐efficient adjunct providers. The effectiveness of these and other peer‐administered interventions (PAIs) for treating depression symptoms has not been well‐established. The current study is a meta‐analysis of PAIs’ effects on depression symptoms. Twenty‐three eligible studies were identified. Study characteristics were coded by multiple raters, random‐effects models were used to compare mean effect sizes, and mixed‐effects models were used to test for moderation. PAIs produced significant pre‐post reductions in depression symptoms (d = .5043 [95 % CI .3675–.6412]). In direct comparisons, PAIs performed as well as non‐peer‐administered interventions (.0848 [−.1455–.3151]), and significantly better than no‐treatment conditions (.2011 [.0104–.3918]). PAIs that involved a professional in a secondary treatment role were significantly less effective than those that were purely peer‐administered, and educational/skills‐based PAIs produced better outcomes than those that were mainly supportive. Follow‐up data, when available, indicated that PAIs’ benefits were maintained. PAIs reduce depression symptoms and warrant further study. The clinical significance of PAIs’ benefits, and whether they are better suited as stand‐alone or adjunct treatments, remain to be established. Implications for the roles of mental health professionals are discussed.
Political attitudes in adolescence and emerging adulthood: Developmental changes in mean level, polarization, rank‐order stability, and correlates
Authors: Rekker Roderik , Keijsers Loes , Branje Susan , Meeus Wim 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThis three‐wave cohort‐sequential longitudinal study (N = 1302) examined the development of two core political attitudes, economic egalitarianism and ethnocentrism, among Dutch youths between age 12 and 31. Longitudinal regression analyses revealed a curvilinear mean level development for both attitudes, reflecting an increased disagreement with economic redistribution and multiculturalism around late adolescence. Furthermore, attitudes became decreasingly polarized (i.e., less extreme) and increasingly stable with age. Finally, several effects of attitudes' correlates gradually changed: The effect of educational level on ethnocentrism increased with age, whereas the effect of gender diminished. Regional effects on ethnocentrism developed as youths resided in a new area. No age‐related change was found in the effect of parental SES. Overall, these findings support the idea that attitudes mature during the formative phase of adolescence and that this process slows down during emerging adulthood. Furthermore, these results support developmental explanations for the association between attitudes and their correlates.
LH and testosterone production are more sensitive to the suppressive effects of food deprivation in prenatally undernourished male rats
Authors: Iwasa Takeshi , Matsuzaki Toshiya , Tungalagsuvd Altankhuu , Munkhzaya Munkhsaikhan , Kuwahara Akira , Yasui Toshiyuki , Irahara Minoru 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAlthough prenatal undernutrition affects the development of metabolic, physiological, and reproductive functions, it remains unclear whether it also affects physiological responses to undernutrition in adulthood. Therefore, in this study we examined whether prenatal undernutrition alters the sensitivity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis to fasting in adult male rats. The offspring of ad libitum fed dams (control) and ∼50% food‐restricted (during the late gestational period) dams (IUGR) were sub‐divided into ad libitum fed (fed) and 48 h food deprivation (FD) groups at 10 weeks of age. In each group, the serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, and leptin and the hypothalamic mRNA expression levels of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) regulatory factors were measured. The serum LH and testosterone levels of the IUGR‐fed rats were significantly or tend to be higher than those of the control‐fed rats, respectively. The serum LH levels of the IUGR‐FD rats were lower than those of the IUGR‐fed rats. Similarly, the serum testosterone levels of the IUGR‐FD rats tended to be lower than those of the IUGR‐fed rats. On the other hand, the serum LH and testosterone levels of the control‐fed and control‐FD rats did not differ. The serum leptin levels of the IUGR fed rats were higher than those of the control‐fed rats. The serum leptin levels of the control‐FD and IUGR‐FD rats were lower than those of the control‐fed and IUGR‐fed rats, respectively. The hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA levels of the IUGR‐FD rats were higher than those of the IUGR‐fed rats. Similarly, hypothalamic NPY mRNA levels of control‐FD rats were higher than those of the control‐fed rats. The hypothalamic kisspeptin, kisspeptin receptor, RFamide‐related peptide, GPR147, and OBRb mRNA levels of control fed rats did not differ between control‐fed and IUGR‐fed rats. Their mRNA levels of the fed and FD rats did not differ in the control or IUGR groups. These results suggested that prenatal undernutrition increased the basal LH and testosterone production, whereas they are easily reduced by food deprivation in male rats. Changes of serum leptin level, but not of hypothalamic reproductive related factors, might be involved in these alterations. However, the precise mechanisms responsible for these effects remain unclear.
Autistic spectrum disorders: A review of clinical features, theories and diagnosis
Authors: Fakhoury Marc 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a set of neurodevelopmental disorders that is among the most severe in terms of prevalence, morbidity and impact to the society. It is characterized by complex behavioral phenotype and deficits in both social and cognitive functions. Although the exact cause of ASD is still not known, the main findings emphasize the role of genetic and environmental factors in the development of autistic behavior. Environmental factors are also likely to interact with the genetic profile and cause aberrant changes in brain growth, neuronal development, and functional connectivity. The past few years have seen an increase in the prevalence of ASD, as a result of enhanced clinical tests and diagnostic tools. Despite growing evidence for the involvement of endogenous biomarkers in the pathophysiology of ASD, early detection of this disorder remains a big challenge. This paper describes the main behavioral and cognitive features of ASD, as well as the symptoms that differentiate autism from other developmental disorders. An attempt will be made to integrate all the available evidence which point to reduced brain connectivity, mirror neurons deficits, and inhibition–excitation imbalance in individuals with ASD. Finally, this review discusses the main factors involved in the pathophysiology of ASD, and illustrates some of the most important markers used for the diagnosis of this debilitating disorder.
Multicriteria shape design of an aerosol can
Authors: Aalae Benki , Abderrahmane Habbal , Gael Mathis , Olivier Beigneux 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
One of the current challenges in the domain of the multicriteria shape optimization is to reduce the calculation time required by conventional methods. The high computational cost is due to the high number of simulation or function calls required by these methods. Recently, several studies have been led to overcome this problem by integrating a metamodel in the overall optimization loop. In this paper, we perform a coupling between the Normal Boundary Intersection – NBI – algorithm with Radial Basis Function – RBF – metamodel in order to have a simple tool with a reasonable calculation time to solve multicriteria optimization problems. First, we apply our approach to academic test cases. Then, we validate our method against an industrial case, namely, shape optimization of the bottom of an aerosol can undergoing nonlinear elasto-plastic deformation. Then, in order to select solutions among the Pareto efficient ones, we use the same surrogate approach to implement a method to compute Nash and Kalai–Smorodinsky equilibria.
Highlights We model the aerosol can. We developed an algorithm to solve multicriteria optimization problem. We solve our industrial problem with our developed algorithm. We proposed a new profiles for the bottom of the aerosol can which satisfying the customers requirements.
The Dark Halo – Spheroid Conspiracy Reloaded: Evolution with Redshift
Authors: Remus Rhea-Silvia , Dolag Klaus , Burkert Andreas 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe total density profiles of elliptical galaxies can be fit by a single power law, i.e., ρtot ∝ rγ with γ ≈ −2. While strong lensing observations show a tendency for the slopes to become flatter with increasing redshift, simulations indicate an opposite trend. To understand this discrepancy, we study a set of simulated spheroids formed within the cosmological framework. From our simulations we find that the steepness of the total density slope correlates with the compactness of the stellar component within the half-mass radius, and that spheroidal galaxies tend to be more compact at high redshifts than their present-day counterparts. While both these results are in agreement with observations, the observed trend of the total density slope with redshift remains in contradiction to the results from simulations.
How Preservice Teachers Perform in Teaching Events Regarding Generic Teaching and Learning Components
Authors: Seidel Tina , Stürmer Kathleen , Schäfer Stefanie , Jahn Gloria 
Published: April 2015

This study focuses on the assessment of educational-psychological teacher competencies regarding generic teaching and learning (TL) components in initial university-based teacher education. Based on the approximations-of-practice (AoP) framework, simulated teaching events (M-Teach) with different formats (tutoring, small group) were developed. In a validation study, it was asked to what extent preservice teachers show teaching skills discriminating students in their teaching quality. Furthermore, the relationship between performances in different M-Teach formats was investigated and compared with teaching in real classrooms. Finally, how preservice teachers experience teaching in M-Teach events and how their subjective experience is related to their performance was analyzed. As a sample, a full cohort of preservice teachers in the fifth semester of a Bachelor teacher education program in Germany (N = 89) participated. All participants taught two M-Teach formats of tutoring and small group teaching based on a standardized instruction and research design procedure. Video analysis of M-Teach event performance revealed that preservice teachers show relevant teaching skills with variations in teaching quality. The performance scores show a quite high stability between different formats (tutoring, small group) and are systematically related to performance in classroom teaching. Participants judge self-efficacy as high and the challenge of implementation as medium to low. The findings indicate that M-Teach events show a high fidelity for formative assessment purposes and can be used in further studies as measures for assessing the acquisition of relevant teaching skills in the area of educational-psychological competencies.
Assessing Teachers’ Educational Knowledge
Authors: Linninger Christina , Kunina-Habenicht Olga , Emmenlauer Simone , Dicke Theresa , Schulze-Stocker Franziska , Leutner Detlev , Seidel Tina , Terhart Ewald , Kunter Mareike 
Published: April 2015

This paper presents two studies adding validity evidence to the assessment of educational knowledge (EK) measured by a recently developed test. The first study compared the test scores of a large sample of graduates from academic teacher education with those of a sample of first-semester teacher students. Results indicate higher scores for graduates in the majority of the tests six domains. Additionally, we gained validity evidence based on response processes by conducting 46 cognitive interviews in Study 2. Participants with different professional backgrounds stated their response strategies while taking the knowledge test. Among other results, analyses revealed that graduates and advanced students in teacher education were often familiar with item topics and solved items mostly by retrieving academic knowledge from memory. Overall, results add to previously gained evidence suggesting that test scores can be taken to measure EK mainly gained by university studies.
Wirkung von Lehrerfortbildungen auf Expertise von Lehrkräften zu formativem Assessment im kompetenzorientierten Mathematikunterricht
Authors: Besser Michael , Leiss Dominik , Klieme Eckhard 
Published: April 2015

Die Expertise von Lehrkräften wird im Kontext einer Auseinandersetzung mit Bedingungsfaktoren des Lehrens und Lernens als ein entscheidendes Moment erfolgreicher Lehr-Lern-Prozesse angesehen. Insbesondere Fachwissen, fachdidaktisches Wissen sowie allgemein-pädagogisches Wissen werden dabei als zentrale Facetten von Lehrerexpertise verstanden. Weitestgehend unklar ist jedoch, wie sich Expertise von Lehrkräften (weiter)entwickelt bzw. inwieweit diese im Kontext von Lehrerfortbildungen gezielt aufgebaut werden kann. Im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts Co2CA sind Lehrerfortbildungen zu ausgewählten pädagogischen und didaktischen Themenschwerpunkten wissenschaftlich begleitet und mittels fortbildungssensitiver Expertisetests evaluiert worden. Innerhalb zweier nach Interesse gebildeter Untersuchungsbedingungen haben 30 Lehrkräfte an Fortbildungen zu formativem Assessment im kompetenzorientierten Mathematikunterricht (Untersuchungsbedingung A), 37 Lehrkräfte an Fortbildungen zu allgemein-didaktischen Fragen eines kompetenzorientierten Mathematikunterrichts (Untersuchungsbedingung B) teilgenommen. Quantitative Auswertungen des Expertisetests belegen die Wirksamkeit der Fortbildungen: Unter Kontrolle allgemein-fachdidaktischer Expertise verfügen Lehrkräfte aus Untersuchungsbedingung A am Ende der Fortbildungen über ein signifikant höheres Wissen zu formativem Assessment im kompetenzorientierten Mathematikunterricht als Lehrkräfte aus Untersuchungsbedingung B.
Langerhans-Zellhistiozytose des Magens mit BRAF-V600E-Mutation: Fallbericht und Literaturübersicht
Authors: Sarbia M. , Mauerer R. , Bettstetter M. , Funk A. 
Published: April 2015

ZusammenfassungLangerhans-Zellhistiozytose ist eine Erkrankung mit sehr unterschiedlichen klinischen Präsentationen. Extrem selten kann die Langerhans-Zellhistiozytose den Gastrointestinaltrakt erwachsener Patienten betreffen. Ein Fall mit Magenschleimhautinfiltration durch eine Langerhans-Zellhistiozytose bei endoskopischem Normalbefund wird vorgestellt. Der neoplastische Charakter dieses Infiltrats wird durch den Nachweis einer BRAF-V600E-Mutation unterstrichen. Darüber hinaus wird eine Übersicht zu den 5 bislang in englischsprachiger Literatur publizierten Fällen mit isolierter Magenschleimhautinfiltration durch Langerhans-Zellhistiozytose gegeben.
The importance of phytoplankton trait variability in spring bloom formation
Authors: Lewandowska Aleksandra M. , Striebel Maren , Feudel Ulrike , Hillebrand Helmut , Sommer Ulrich 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAbout 60 years ago, the critical depth hypothesis was proposed to describe the occurrence of spring phytoplankton blooms and emphasized the role of stratification for the timing of onset. Since then, several alternative hypotheses appeared focusing on the role of grazing and mixing processes such as turbulent convection or wind activity. Surprisingly, the role of community composition—and thus the distribution of phytoplankton traits—for bloom formation has not been addressed. Here, we discuss how trait variability between competing species might influence phytoplankton growth during the onset of the spring bloom. We hypothesize that the bloom will only occur if there are species with a combination of traits fitting to the environmental conditions at the respective location and time. The basic traits for formation of the typical spring bloom are high growth rates and photoadaptation to low light conditions, but other traits such as nutrient kinetics and grazing resistance might also be important. We present concise ideas on how to test our theoretical considerations experimentally. Furthermore, we suggest that future models of phytoplankton blooms should include both water column dynamics and variability of phytoplankton traits to make realistic projections instead of treating the phytoplankton bloom as an aggregate community phenomenon.