bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilização de informações lexicais extraídas automaticamente de corpora na análise sintática computacional do português
Authors: Alencar Leonel Figueiredo de 
Published: May 2015

No desenvolvimento de analisadores sintáticos profundos paratextos irrestritos, a principal dificuldade a ser vencida é a modelaçãodo léxico. Tradicionalmente, duas estratégias têm sido usadas paralidar com a informação lexical na análise sintática automática: acompilação de milhares de entradas lexicais ou a formulação decentenas de regras morfológicas. Devido aos processos produtivosde formação de palavras, aos nomes próprios ou a grafias não padrão,a primeira estratégia, que subjaz aos analisadores do português doBrasil (PB) livremente descarregáveis da Internet, não é robusta.A última estratégia, por sua vez, constitui tarefa não trivial deengenharia do conhecimento, consumindo muito tempo. Nomomento, o PB não dispõe de um analisador sintático de amplacobertura licenciado como software livre. Visando aopreenchimento o mais rápido possível dessa lacuna, argumentamosneste artigo que uma solução bem menos custosa e muito maiseficiente para o gargalo lexical consiste em simplesmentereaproveitar, como componente lexical do processamento sintáticoprofundo, etiquetadores morfossintáticos livremente disponíveis. Além disso, graças à ampla e gratuita disponibilidade de corporamorfossintaticamente anotados do PB e eficientes pacotes deaprendizado de máquina, a construção de etiquetadores de altaacurácia adicionais tornou-se uma tarefa que quase não demandaesforço. A fim de integrar facilmente o output de etiquetadores dediferentes arquiteturas em parsers tabulares de gramáticas livresde contexto compilados por meio do Natural Language Toolkit(NLTK), desenvolvemos um módulo em Python denominadoALEXP. Pelo que sabemos, o ALEXP é o primeiro software livreespecialmente otimizado para o processamento do português arealizar essa tarefa. A funcionalidade da ferramenta é descrita pormeio de protótipos de gramática do PB aplicados na análise desentenças do mundo real, com resultados bastante promissores.
O estudo da sílaba na fonologia auto-segmentaI
Authors: Biondo Delson 
Published: May 2015

The present paper summarizes the fundamental principIes of the syllable structure analysis proposed by Goldsmith (1990), on the basis of autosegmentaI phonology. According to this approach, sonority principIe, llcensing, directionallty of syllable structure creation, maximal anset principIe and syllabIe structure assignement are taken as universal laws that regulate a suitable syllable formation. Portuguese words are used to exempllfy function and appllcation af some of these principIes.
Fazendo as palavras render: o inconsciente é infantil?
Authors: Possenti Sirio 
Published: May 2015

Morphologicaly-triggered humor is seen by somestudies as if itwas the result of free manipulations of certainlinguistic expressions.Hawever, it ispossible to show that they deal with a Iinguisticactivity governed by a very rigorousprincipIe, the equivalentof a morevulgar version of the Sassure'stheory of sign,the one that does not take into account his theory of value.Thepresent work analjyses a set of dataand seeks to demonstratethat this linguistic activity, which could "onIy be seenas ludic'reveals a particular way of functioningof language, based onapeculiar theory of literal meaning, inspite of contrary expectations.The central claim. is that, if this peculiar theoryof meamng isvalidfor every linguistic manifestation, language could notbe consideredstructure (this isa good anti-structuralist argument, by the way),but "nomenclatures", that is, lists of words.The result of thiswork adds to all those which make up the assumption thatlanguagesarebetter analysed when viewed from various standpoints.
A semiótica no Brasil e na América do Sul: rumos, papéis e desvios
Authors: Barros Diana Luz Pessoa de 
Published: May 2015

Neste artigo, procuramos apontar os papéis da semiótica discursivafrancesa e os rumos que ela tomou na América do Sul, masprincipalmente no Brasil, em que teve e continua a terdesenvolvimentos significativos. Trataremos principalmente dasemiótica no Brasil, mas procuraremos, sempre que for de nossoalcance, estabelecer diálogos com os estudos semióticos na Américado Sul, em especial na Venezuela, no Peru, no Chile e na Argentina,com que temos mais contatos.Organizamos o artigo em três partes: a primeira, com algumasconsiderações muito gerais sobre a recepção da teoria semióticado discurso em alguns países da América do Sul; a segunda, sobrea manutenção dos rumos na teoria e na metodologia e sobre oalargamento das finalidades e dos objetos de análise nesses centrosde pesquisa semiótica; e a terceira, sobre o papel dos estudossemióticos e sobre os diálogos que a semiótica mantém com outrasdisciplinas, nos países mencionados.Apontamos, dessa forma, os diálogos com outros estudos dalinguagem que mais caracterizam a semiótica no Brasil e na Américado Sul, e os objetos novos de que se ocupa, sempre procurandocontribuir para o conhecimento da cultura e da sociedade de cada país. Os estudos semióticos desenvolvidos na América do Sulcaracterizam-se: pela formação em semiótica que tem dado aosestudantes de diferentes áreas; pela institucionalização da semióticadiscursiva como disciplina universitária; pela busca dedesenvolvimentos teóricos e metodológicos, que possam daralgumas respostas aos desafios de uma sociedade multilíngue epluricultural, ou seja, de uma sociedade da “mistura”, de umasociedade mestiça; pela contribuição teórica que tem podido darà comunidade semiótica internacional; pelo exame dos discursossociais e culturais do Brasil e da América do Sul; e pelascontribuições inegáveis que a semiótica discursiva trouxe aosestudos da linguagem, no Brasil e na América do Sul.
A Morfologia Distribuída no Brasil: duas décadas de existência
Authors: Lemle Miriam , Scher Ana Paula , Silva Maria Cristina Figueiredo , Medeiros Alessandro Boechat de 
Published: May 2015

Este artigo é um conjunto de quatro testemunhos de pesquisadoresbrasleiros que se apaixonaram pela Morfologia Distribuída desdea publicação do artigo inaugural de autoria de Morris Halle eAlec Marantz, “Distributed morphology and the pieces ofinflection”, em 1993. Essa teoria propõe uma nova arquitetura degramática que tem muito em comum com a sintaxe e pouco a vercom a morfologia tradicional – por exemplo, o antigo léxico édecomposto em três diferentes listas. Cada um dos contribuidoresfoi convidado a responder as seguintes questões: (i) Qual foi acaracterística da Morfologia Distribuída que levou você a gostarmais dessa versão da gramática gerativa?; (ii) Qual foi o primeirotema que você mesma/mesmo explorou com base nessa teoria?;(iii) Por que razão esse modelo parece a você mais vantajoso doque o modelo gerativo tradicional de morfologia?; (iv) Que outrostemas você incentivou e vem incentivando alunos seus a explorar, e que interfaces do modelo ganham foco em cada caso?; (v) Emque novas questões você tem vontade de trabalhar a curto prazo?
Concepções de leitura na Provinha Brasil: convergência/divergência dos PCN
Authors: Andrade Daniela Carvalho , Araújo Denise Lino 
Published: May 2015

O objetivo central desta pesquisa foi o de analisar as concepções de leitura presentes nas questões da Provinha Brasil. Nossos objetivos específicos foram: 1. apontar os conhecimentos de leitura avaliados na Provinha Brasil; 2. escrever a(s) concepção(ões) de leitura assumida(s) pelos PCNs; 3. relacionar as concepções de leitura observadas na Provinha e nos PCN. Utilizamo-nos basicamente dos estudos sobre concepções de leitura, resenhados por Koch e Elias (2006); os sobre avaliação formadora, apresentados por Hadji (2001); e sobre avaliação em larga escala, apresentados por KEMIAC (2011). Ao relacionarmos a Provinha Brasil com os PCN, vimos que as concepções de leitura abordadas pela Provinha atendem, em parte, ao que sugerem os PCN de ensino fundamental I, uma vez que trazem questões centradas na língua enquanto código. No entanto, não é essa a concepção de leitura que, segundo os PCN, possibilita a formação de um leitor competente, e sim a concepção de leitura enquanto interação. Constatamos na Provinha Brasil a predominância de questões que abordam a concepção de leitura ascendente com foco no texto em detrimento de questões que consideram a leitura enquanto prática interativa.
Tarra onde, menina réa? A aspiração de /v/ no falar de Fortaleza
Authors: Rodrigues Ana Germana Pontes , De Araújo Aluiza Alves 
Published: May 2015

À luz da Sociolinguística Variacionista, este estudo aborda a fricativa/v/, cuja realização ocorre tanto com [v] (manutenção) quanto com[h] (aspiração), como em [v]ai ~ [h]ai e ta[v]a ~ ta[h]a. Com oobjetivo de analisar os condicionamentos linguísticos e sociais sobrea regra em questão, selecionou-se uma amostra, constituída por 48informantes, que foi retirada do banco de dados do Projeto NormaOral do Português Popular de Fortaleza. A variável linguística maisimportante foi o contexto fonológico subsequente: a vogal [a] foi aque apresentou maior ocorrência com a variante aspirada. Dentreos fatores sociais, os dois mais relevantes foram a faixa etária e aescolaridade. O primeiro mostra que os informantes de 50 anos oumais favorecem a aspiração; o segundo apresenta a escolaridade de 0a 4 anos como favorecedora do fenômeno, reforçando a tese de que a variante aspirada é estigmatizada pelos fortalezenses nesta amostra.Tais resultados sugerem indícios de uma mudança em progresso.
Línguas bárbaras e peregrinas do Novo Mundo segundo os gramáticos jesuítas: uma concepção de universalidade no estudo de línguas estrangeiras1
Authors: Rosa Maria Carlota 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn this paper I explore the reflection of the religious context in the concept of universal grammar as it is presented in four missionary grammars written by Jesuit priests in Brazil: Anchieta (1595), Figueira (1621?), Dias (1697) e Mamiani (1699). In the last few decades linguists have seen the return of the expression universal grammar to the literature, as a consequence of the influence of Noam Chomsky’s work. The hypothesis of a common core for all languages has its roots in a tradition which goes back to the Middle Ages. In the Christian West it was thought that the endowment given by God to Adam was uncovered by the confusion of tongues, as a punishment for the Tower of Babel. Therefore the concept of universality in those grammars has its grounds in a very different framework from the chomskyan UG. AbstractIn this paper I explore the reflection of the religious context in the concept of universal grammar as it is presented in four missionary grammars written by Jesuit priests in Brazil: Anchieta (1595), Figueira (1621?), Dias (1697) e Mamiani (1699). In the last few decades linguists have seen the return of the expression universal grammar to the literature, as a consequence of the influence of Noam Chomsky’s work. The hypothesis of a common core for all languages has its roots in a tradition which goes back to the Middle Ages. In the Christian West it was thought that the endowment given by God to Adam was uncovered by the confusion of tongues, as a punishment for the Tower of Babel. Therefore the concept of universality in those grammars has its grounds in a very different framework from the chomskyan UG.
A natureza categorial da preposição
Authors: Berg Márcia Barreto 
Published: May 2015

Abstract The aim of this paper is to identify the categorial nature of preposition, from the perpective of Chomsky’s Generative Grammar (1981/1995). The preposition has been described as a lexical, uniform category, defined by the features [ N, V]. This classification is not consensual, however. We therefore made a survey of the proprieties that distinguish the lexical from the functional, applied the properties to the data of Brazilian Portuguese and came to conclusion thatprepositions belong to the functional category.
A pesquisa etnográfica e sua importância para os estudos de aquisição de língua estrangeira
Authors: Pinto Denise de Souza Silva 
Published: May 2015

Abstract This article intends to give a general view of the discussions around a scientific method of classroom research called ethnography. This research method came from the social sciences with a clear concern for providing a cultural explanation of social groups. But, within the field of applied linguistics, the tradition of a quantitative view of research brought some other concerns to this research method, such as validity and reliability. However, in relation to the definition and to the essential elements of ethnography there is agreement among all authors.
Foco e topicalização: delimitação e confronto de estruturas
Authors: Gonçalves Carlos Alexandre 
Published: May 2015

Abstract Left Deslocation (LD) and Focus (F) are phenomena characterized for putting in relief a constituent of the oral text. In other words, they are focusing strategies frequently used in Brazilian Portuguese (BP).For this reason, I intend to confront them in this paper, in order tocheck (a) their limits and (b) their structural domains. Thus, my purpose is to answer the following questions: (i) Are these phenomena independent, or do they exert mutual influence in at least some ways? (ii) Is there an obligated superposing between them? (iii) if not, what are the actuation domains (syntactic and/or phonological) of LD and F? (iv) What are the prosodic features of LD and F constituents? (v) What kinds of discursive-pragmatic phenomena motivate LD and F? My main aim is to show that LD shouldn’t be analized as a focus marker in BP, because Focus must be faced as a prosodic category that require a Contrastive Intonation.
Um cenário para a crioulização sem pidginização
Authors: Do Couto Hildo Honório 
Published: May 2015

Abstract Taking the “principles of historical phonology” – formulated in the 30s by Jakobson – as a starting point, my aim in this article is to show that the traditional “life-cycle” model of creole grammar formation is not the best one. It presupposes the problematic concepts of pidgin and nativization. I show that a better alternative would be to consider that creole grammar is formed when the mixed medium of interethnic communication resulting from the contact of mutually unintelligible languages becomes the primary language of the emerging community. Therefore, communalization is more important than nativization. Additionally, I show that the processes which occur in creole formation are very common elsewhere. .
Considerações básicas sobre pesquisa em sala de aula
Authors: Sobrinho Jerônimo Coura , Da Silva Sérgio Raimundo Elias 
Published: May 2015

Abstract This paper discusses some general elements on classroom research through a brief idea of this type of research as well as through some basic concepts about it. In addition, the most common research methods used in this context are described and the ways to collect and analyse the data are discussed.
Adolescent Hostility Toward Therapists
Authors: Karon Bertram P. , Widener Anmarie J. 
Published: May 2015

Many therapists avoid working with adolescents. One of the reasons is that many adolescents are unreasonably hostile to therapists and express this hostility in ways that are hard to take. This is particularly difficult if you take their hostility at face value. But there is something ironic about adolescent hostility toward therapists. Although it would be bad therapy to laugh at them, it is funny (ironic): If you take their hostility at face value, you cannot tolerate them. If you do not take it at face value, you can tolerate their hostility, and if you keep working with them, they will get better. You will notice this even though they will tell you that you are not helping them.Theoretically, this is related to the unreasonable hostility of adolescents toward their parents and its basis in the need of the adolescent to prove to himself or herself that they do not want to still be a child even though a part of them does want to be a child. Several cases are presented, where taking the hostility seriously would have led to therapeutic failure, and where not taking it seriously led to therapeutic success. There was nothing funny, however, about the hostility of one adolescent patient who was a serial killer.
Accelerated Bone Formation in Distracted Alveolar Bone After Injection of Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein‐2
Authors: Terbish Munkhdulam , Yoo Seong‐Hun , Kim Hee‐Jin , Yu Hyung‐Seog , Hwang Chung‐Ju , Baik Hyung‐Seon , Cha Jung‐Yul 
Published: May 2015

Background: This study evaluates the effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2) on the quality and quantity of regenerated bone when injected into distracted alveolar bone.Methods: Sixteen adult beagle dogs were assigned to either the control or rhBMP‐2 group. After distraction was completed, an rhBMP‐2 dose of 330 μg in 0.33 mL was injected slowly into the distracted alveolar crest of the mesial, middle, and distal parts of the alveolar bone in the experimental group. Histologic and microcomputed tomography analyses of regenerated bone were done after 2 and 6 weeks of consolidation.Results: After 6 weeks of consolidation, the vertical defect height in the middle of the regenerated bone was significantly lower in the rhBMP‐2 group (2.2 mm) than in the control group (3.4 mm) (P <0.05). Additionally, the width of the regenerated bone was significantly greater in the rhBMP‐2 group (4.3 mm) than in the control group (2.8 mm) (P <0.05). The bone density and volume of regenerated bone in the rhBMP‐2 group were greater than in the control group after 6 weeks of consolidation (P <0.001).Conclusion: Injection of rhBMP‐2 into regenerated bone after a distraction osteogenesis procedure significantly increased bone volume in the dentoalveolar distraction site and improved both the width and height of the alveolar ridge and increased the bone density.
Comparison of the effects of temperature and water potential on seed germination of Fabaceae species from desert and subalpine grassland
Authors: Hu Xiao Wen , Fan Yan , Baskin Carol C. , Baskin Jerry M. , Wang Yan Rong 
Published: May 2015

• Premise of the study: Temperature and water potential for germination based on the thermal and hydrotime models have been successfully applied in predicting germination requirements of physiologically dormant seeds as well as nondormant seeds. However, comparative studies of the germination requirements of physically dormant seeds from different ecosystems have not been done.• Methods: Germination of scarified seeds of four legume species collected from the Qing‐Tibetan Plateau and of four collected in the Alax Desert in China was compared over a range of temperatures and water potentials based on thermal time and hydrotime models.• Key results: Seeds of species from the Qing‐Tibetan Plateau had a lower base temperature (Tb) and optimal temperature (To) for germination than those from the Alax Desert. Seeds of the four species from the Qing‐Tibetan Plateau germinated to high percentages at 5°C, whereas none of the four desert species did so. Seeds of species from the Alax Desert germinated to a high percentage at 35°C or 40°C, while no seeds of species from the Qing‐Tibetan Plateau germinated at 35°C or 40°C. The base median water potential [Ψb(50)] differed among species but not between the two habitats.• Conclusions: The thermal time and hydrotime models accurately predicted the germination time course of scarified seeds of most of the eight species in response to temperature and water potential; thus, they can be useful tools in comparative studies on germination of seeds with physical dormancy. Habitat temperatures but not rainfall is closely related to germination requirements of these species.
Coordination of stomatal physiological behavior and morphology with carbon dioxide determines stomatal control
Authors: Haworth Matthew , Killi Dilek , Materassi Alessandro , Raschi Antonio 
Published: May 2015

• Premise of the study: Stomatal control is determined by the ability to alter stomatal aperture and/or the number of stomata on the surface of new leaves in response to growth conditions. The development of stomatal control mechanisms to the concentration of CO2 within the atmosphere ([CO2]) is fundamental to our understanding of plant evolutionary history and the prediction of gas exchange responses to future [CO2].• Methods: In a controlled environment, fern and angiosperm species were grown in atmospheres of ambient (400 ppm) and elevated (2000 ppm) [CO2]. Physiological stomatal behavior was compared with the stomatal morphological response to [CO2].• Key results: An increase in [CO2] or darkness induced physiological stomatal responses ranging from reductions (active) to no change (passive) in stomatal conductance. Those species with passive stomatal behavior exhibited pronounced reductions of stomatal density in new foliage when grown in elevated [CO2], whereas species with active stomata showed little morphological response to [CO2]. Analysis of the physiological and morphological stomatal responses of a wider range of species suggests that patterns of stomatal control to [CO2] do not follow a phylogenetic pattern associated with plant evolution.• Conclusions: Selective pressures may have driven the development of divergent stomatal control strategies to increased [CO2]. Those species that are able to actively regulate guard cell turgor are more likely to respond to [CO2] through a change in stomatal aperture than stomatal number. We propose a model of stomatal control strategies in response to [CO2] characterized by a trade‐off between short‐term physiological behavior and longer‐term morphological response.
La mise en place d’un répertoire public de délinquants sexuels aux États-Unis
Authors: Laurin Patrick 
Published: May 2015

À travers l’étude de la mise en place de la « loi de Megan » suscitée par une panique morale liée au meurtre d’une fillette par un délinquant sexuel (New Jersey, 1994), l’article vise à comprendre en quoi une même réponse pénale peut être sous-tendue par deux rationalités de contrôle du crime apparemment étrangères sinon incompatibles entre elles. À partir du cas étudié, sont mises à jour, d’un côté, la présence d’une approche de politique expressive « dure avec le crime » et peu nuancée relevant de la souveraineté ; de l’autre, une logique aseptisée de gestion du risque visant l’efficacité, relevant d’une rationalité post-disciplinaire. L’analyse montre que si certaines incompatibilités entre les deux rationalités demeurent évidentes, certaines circonstances et caractéristiques internes les rendent étonnement complémentaires.