bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of bread wheat varieties with different breeding origin under organic and low input management
Authors: Mikó Péter , Löschenberger Franziska , Hiltbrunner Jürg , Aebi Rosalie , Megyeri Mária , Kovács Géza , Molnár-Láng Márta , Vida Gyula , Rakszegi Marianna 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn recent years needs have increased to investigate the necessity of breeding cereals for organic agriculture. The aims of this study were (1) to compare 37 bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties with different breeding origin under low input conventional and certified organic farming conditions in Austria and Hungary for 3 years, (2) to identify traits highly sensitive to management systems that could be separated according to their suggested selecting environments and (3) to find evidence for the distinctness of organic wheat breeding. According to the results, seven out of the 15 traits assessed during this study showed significant management × genotype interaction meaning that these traits could be the basis of selection for different management systems. Heading date, sensitivity to leaf rust and powdery mildew had high repeatabilities. For economic reasons, it is therefore reasonable to select for these traits in conventional fields even if the selection target is organic agriculture. However, the present study suggests that selection for the other four traits (grain yield, test weight, leaf-inclination and vigorous growth during booting) should be done later in the target environment. The study compared groups of varieties developed by different breeding strategies (organic, conventional and combined strategies). The results of multivariate analyses showed that the organic breeding was distinct from the other two breeding strategies, but the combined and conventional breeding resulted in similar groupings. It is concluded that the selecting environment has measurable effects on the performance of bread wheat varieties under organic and low input growing conditions.
Equilibrium and Dynamic Surface Properties of Sulfosuccinate Surfactants
Authors: Gao Yuyang , Yang Xiuquan 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe equilibrium and dynamic surface tension of three sulfosuccinate surfactants at the air/aqueous solution interface were investigated. Wilhelmy plate method was used to determine critical micelle concentration (CMC) and the equilibrium surface tension (γeq). The dynamic surface tensions in the range 10–100 s were measured by maximum bubble pressure method. The well‐known Ward–Tordai equation was employed to analyze the adsorption of the sulfosuccinate surfactants. The parameters and effective diffusion coefficients (Deff) of dynamic surface tension have been calculated and analyzed. The equilibrium surface tension results showed that disodium laureth (3) sulfosuccinate (AEO3‐SS), disodium laureth (6) sulfosuccinate (AEO6‐SS) and disodium alkyl ethoxy glucoside sulfosuccinate (AEG‐SS) are surfactants possessing strong surface activity, adsorbing to the interface rapidly and their γeq values were in the range 25–32 mN/m. CMC of the three surfactants increases with the number of hydrophilic groups and AEO3‐SS has the lowest CMC. According to the values of some dynamic surface tension parameters, AEG‐SS is the most hydrophilic surfactant of them and AEO3‐SS is energetically more favorable to adsorb to the interface than the others. According to Ward–Tordai equation, the Deff values were calculated, the adsorption mechanism was diffusion controlled at short times and toward the end good evidence was found for an activated‐diffusion mechanism with an energy barrier.
Bäckerhefe Saccharomyces cerevisiae als universelle chemische Mikrofabrik
Authors: Heim Jutta , Tange Thomas Østergaard , Klein Jens 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
One of the applications of the emerging synthetic biology field is the enzymatic production of chemicals, either by individual enzymes or by cascades of whole metabolic pathways. Here, the discovery of novel metabolites from baker’s yeast transformed with yeast artificial chromosomes is described. One particular class of compounds found repeatedly are structurally diverse novel polyketides obtained by expression of mixes of PKSIII (polyketide synthase type III).
Experimental advances in superlubricity
Authors: Zheng Quanshui , Liu Ze 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Superlubricity, or structural lubricity, is a state that has two contacting surfaces exhibiting no resistance to sliding. This effect has been theoretically described to be possible between two completely clean single crystalline solid surfaces. However, experimental observations of superlubricity were limited to nanoscale and under high vacuum or inert gas environments even after twenty years since the concept of superlubricity has been suggested in 1990. In the last two years, remarkable advances have been achieved in experimental observations of superlubricity ranging from micro-scale to centimeters and in ambient environment. This study aims to report a comprehensive understanding of the superlubricity phenomenon.
Prosthesis Use and Satisfaction Among Persons With Dysvascular Lower Limb Amputations Across Postacute Care Discharge Settings
Authors: Roth Emily V. , Pezzin Liliana E. , McGinley Emily L. , Dillingham Timothy R. 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveTo test the hypotheses that patients undergoing major lower limb amputations who received postacute care at an inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF) would experience higher prosthesis use and satisfaction and lower prosthesis‐related adverse effects than those treated at a skilled nursing facility (SNF) or at home.DesignPopulation‐based, observational, prospective, multicenter study.SettingHospitals and communities in 2 racially and geographically diverse states.ParticipantsPatients 21 years and older who were identified during the surgical acute care stay as undergoing major lower limb amputations.Main Outcome MeasuresProsthesis use; satisfaction with prosthesis' comfort, appearance, and gait; and the presence of skin irritation, pain, and wounds as a result of prosthesis use.MethodsTwo‐stage instrumental variable models applied to data collected from medical records and patient interviews.ResultsOnly 149 (50.2%) of the 297 study participants had a prosthesis at the 6‐month follow‐up. Regression‐adjusted outcomes indicate that patients treated at IRFs used their prosthesis more hours per week (52.8 versus 36.2 h/wk or 46% higher use), were less likely to experience prosthesis‐related pain (16% versus 33.7%) and were significantly more likely to be satisfied with their gait (76.1% versus 59.3%) than were patients treated at SNFs. No significant differences in outcomes were found between patients who received care at an IRF and patients who were discharged home.ConclusionsThese results add to the growing body of literature suggesting a general pattern of better outcomes for persons with vascular‐related amputations who receive postacute care at IRFs relative to SNFs.
Scaling of the turbulent/non-turbulent interface in boundary layers
Authors: Chauhan Kapil , Philip Jimmy , Marusic Ivan 
Published: June 2014

AbstractScaling of the interface that demarcates a turbulent boundary layer from the non-turbulent free stream is sought using theoretical reasoning and experimental evidence in a zero-pressure-gradient boundary layer. The data-analysis, utilising particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements at four different Reynolds numbers ($\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}\delta u_{\tau }/\nu =1200\mbox{--}14\, 500$), indicates the presence of a viscosity dominated interface at all Reynolds numbers. It is found that the mean normal velocity across the interface and the tangential velocity jump scale with the skin-friction velocity$u_{\tau }$and are approximately$u_{\tau }/10$and$u_{\tau }$, respectively. The width of the superlayer is characterised by the local vorticity thickness$\delta _{\omega }$and scales with the viscous length scale$\nu /u_{\tau }$. An order of magnitude analysis of the tangential momentum balance within the superlayer suggests that the turbulent motions also scale with inner velocity and length scales$u_{\tau }$and$\nu /u_{\tau }$, respectively. The influence of the wall on the dynamics in the superlayer is considered via Townsend’s similarity hypothesis, which can be extended to account for the viscous influence at the turbulent/non-turbulent interface. Similar to a turbulent far-wake the turbulent motions in the superlayer are of the same order as the mean velocity deficit, which lends to a physical explanation for the emergence of the wake profile in the outer part of the boundary layer.
The ‘Morbid Anatomy’ of the Human Genome: Tracing the Observational and Representational Approaches of Postwar Genetics and BiomedicineThe William Bynum Prize Essay
Authors: Hogan Andrew J. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis paper explores evolving conceptions and depictions of the human genome among human and medical geneticists during the postwar period. Historians of science and medicine have shown significant interest in the use of informational approaches in postwar genetics, which treat the genome as an expansive digital data set composed of three billion DNA nucleotides. Since the 1950s, however, geneticists have largely interacted with the human genome at the microscopically visible level of chromosomes. Mindful of this, I examine the observational and representational approaches of postwar human and medical genetics. During the 1970s and 1980s, the genome increasingly came to be understood as, at once, a discrete part of the human anatomy and a standardised scientific object. This paper explores the role of influential medical geneticists in recasting the human genome as being a visible, tangible, and legible entity, which was highly relevant to traditional medical thinking and practice. I demonstrate how the human genome was established as an object amenable to laboratory and clinical research, and argue that the observational and representational approaches of postwar medical genetics reflect, more broadly, the interdisciplinary efforts underlying the development of contemporary biomedicine.
DETERMINING THE SEAT OF AN INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION: PARTY AUTONOMY AND THE INTERPRETATION OF ARBITRATION AGREEMENTS
Authors: Hill Jonathan 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe seat of arbitration is fundamental to defining the legal framework for international arbitral proceedings. Although parties are able to select the arbitral seat, arbitration clauses are frequently ‘pathological’, failing to designate the seat or failing to do so clearly. If the seat is not clearly identified by the parties’ agreement, the court may be called upon to decide which country is the seat (typically, in order to determine whether or not it has jurisdiction to entertain certain types of arbitration application). The simplest situations are ‘uni-directional’ cases in which, in procedural terms, the parties' agreement points expressly or impliedly towards a single location. More difficult are ‘pluri-directional’ cases in which the agreement refers to more than one possible location. While certain scenarios are relatively straightforward, what constitutes a choice by the parties is more complicated if the parties' agreement contains signposts pointing in different directions. In ‘uni-directional’ cases, the English courts have developed a series of interpretative guidelines which solve most of the problems posed by potentially ambiguous clauses. However, in ‘pluri-directional’ situations, the English case law is less convincing. In such cases, the courts have not approached the identification of the arbitral seat in a consistent way; they have not laid down a clear doctrinal framework; and they may be legitimately criticized for displaying a measure of ‘forum preference’.
Taenia saginatataeniosis: copro-antigen time-course in a voluntary self-infection
Authors: Tembo A. , Craig P.S. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractHuman taeniosis due toTaenia saginatais cosmopolitan where beef is consumed; however, there is little or no information on the symptomatology over the early time-course of human infection. Copro-antigen detection is very useful in community screening for human taeniosis, particularly forT. solium, but there are no data on copro-antigen detection in pre-patent infection. In order to provide insight into this, a voluntary self-infection withT. saginatawas undertaken and monitored over a 6-month period using a copro-antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that we developed using anti-T. saginataantibody based reagents. Tapeworm patency, defined as first proglottid appearance, occurred on day 86 post-infection (pi) and was followed by almost daily release of proglottids (range 1–8) until termination using praziquantel on day 180 pi. The first 10 weeks post-infection (wpi) were essentially asymptomatic, followed by main symptoms of involuntary proglottid discharge throughout the infection period, and abdominal discomfort peaking around 15–19 wpi. Copro-antigens could not be reliably detected until 2 weeks before proglottid patency but then remained highly elevated over the next 15 weeks until treatment. Copro-antigen levels reverted to negative 4 days post-treatment. This time-course study suggests that although copro-antigen ELISA is an excellent diagnostic tool for established patent infections ofT. saginata, it may not be reliable for faecal antigen detection in the early infection phase prior to proglottid release forT. saginataand other human taenioses.
Print, Religion, and Canon in Colonial India: The publication of Ramalinga Adigal'sTiruvarutpa
Authors: WEISS RICHARD S. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn India in the 1860s, print was becoming the primary medium for the reproduction of religious texts. The accessibility of print, and its ready uptake within a highly stratified and competitive religious landscape, had a significant effect on the ways in which groups contended for textual, and thus spiritual, authority. In 1867, the popular Tamil Shaiva mystic Ramalinga Adigal and his followers publishedTiruvarutpa, a book of Ramalinga's poems that would help establish his reputation as a great Shaiva saint. Ramalinga and his disciples chose to publish the work in a form that shared the content and the material features of contemporaneous publications of Tamil classics, thereby claiming a place for his poems alongside the revered Shaiva canon. They showed an acute awareness that it was not solely the content of religious texts, but also the materiality of the printed object in which texts appeared, that sustained assertions for authority. This article argues that leaders on the margins of established centres of religious power in South India sought authority by exploiting the material aspects of print as the new medium of religious canons.
An Assessment of Pain Management Among Patients Presenting to Emergency Medical Services After Suffering a Fall
Authors: Infinger Allison E. , Studnek Jonathan R. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIntroductionEmergency Medical Services (EMS) professionals frequently care for patients experiencing acute pain. Analgesics are critical in patient comfort and satisfaction levels during the treatment of acute pain. The objective of this study was to assess the frequency of pain management in patients suffering a fall, the documented pain score, and the location of their injuries. It was hypothesized that the frequency of analgesia administration was low and would be associated with injury location.MethodsThis was a retrospective review of patients presenting with a complaint of an injury from a fall transported by a single municipal EMS system. Administration of analgesia was the primary outcome variable, with pain severity, injury location, age, gender, race, and distance of fall the independent variables of interest. Pain severity was assessed using a 0-10 scale. Injury location was defined as head/neck, extremities, back, and hip. Patients were deemed ineligible for analgesia, according to local protocol, if they reported chest or abdominal pain, or were hemodynamically unstable as determined by an assessment of pulse and blood pressure.ResultsThere were 1,200 patients who were classified as having injuries suffered from a fall, with 76 (6.3%) ineligible for analgesia. Ninety-two (8.2%) patients received analgesia, and they had a mean recorded pain score of 9.1 (95% CI, 8.7-9.5), which was higher than those who did not receive analgesia (5.8; 95% CI, 5.5-6.2). Analgesia administration was associated with injury location; patients experiencing an extremity injury (OR = 13.23; 95% CI, 5.58-31.36; P < .001) or hip injury (OR = 11.65; 95% CI, 4.64-29.24; P < .001) had increased odds of analgesia administration compared to those with head/neck injury. The odds of analgesia administration were decreased for black patients (OR = 0.19; 95% CI, 0.08-0.44; P < .001) when compared to white patients.ConclusionAnalgesia administration was provided to 10% of eligible patients, and was associated with injury location. Of concern was the number of patients who suffered a fall and did not receive a documented pain score. The results from this study indicated a need for education relating to pain management in patients suffering a fall.InfingerAE, StudnekJR. An assessment of pain management among patients presenting to Emergency Medical Services after suffering a fall. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(4):1-6.
Tradition! Tradition? Jewish Voting in the 2012 Election
Authors: Weisberg Herbert F. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThe voting of Jews in the 2012 US presidential election is discussed in this article within the context of a recent reexamination of historical data on Jewish voting. Two Election-Night polls of Jews and the largest scientific survey of Jews to date make this detailed exploration of Jewish voting possible. Voting differences among Jews are analyzed, especially among major denominational movements. The role of American policy on the Middle East merits specific attention, particularly given concern about the potential Iranian nuclear threat to Israel. Explanations of Jewish liberalness and Democratic identification are considered, with a special focus on the role of social identity. A reluctance of Jewish conservatives to identify as Republicans is discussed as well as how Jewish conservatives react to economic and social issues. The possibility of a party realignment of Jews along generational and denominational lines is considered, as well as the impact of the Republican alliance with Evangelical Christians and the Tea Party.
Writing Better Writing Assignments
Authors: Rank Allison , Pool Heather 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTAlthough most instructors care deeply about student writing, they often give little attention to the part of the writing process over which they maintain complete control: the assignment itself. Yet, the written prompt that we distribute is often where student confusion (and confused writing) begins. Using Bloom’s taxonomy as inspiration, we offer instructors a typology directly linked to course objectives, which we believe can be readily understood by student writers.
Empowering Sex Workers in Guatemala: Establishing a Sustainable Nonprofit (with Students) in a Developing Country
Authors: Finkel Jodi 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTIn 2005, with two of my students, I started a literacy program in a red-light district in Guatemala City. In 2007, we became a nonprofit organization dedicated to the promotion of the rights of sex workers in Guatemala (i.e., Women for Justice, Education, and Awareness, known in Spanish as MuJER). Today, MuJER provides literacy classes and accelerated elementary school, vocational training, antiviolence programs, and grassroots organizing. We have worked with hundreds of women, both at our Community Empowerment Center and “door-to-door” in red-light districts. Using the experience of MuJER, this article provides recommendations for professors interested in working with students to create a nonprofit in the developing world: select students whose skill sets are different than your own; start by creating a program (not by formally establishing a 501(c)(3) tax-exempt organization); and recognize that the nonprofit’s long-term sustainability requires commitment to grant writing for years to come.
A Study of Twitter and Clickers as Audience Response Systems in International Relations Courses
Authors: Rothman Steven B. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThis study conducted experiments using clickers and Twitter in international relations courses to evaluate the effectiveness of audience-response tools on students’ experiences and their performance. The study used both within-group and between-group experimental designs and evaluated the results primarily through inferential descriptive statistical methods. The results show that clickers outperformed Twitter, students enjoy using clickers in class, and the use of these tools had little impact on grade performance.
C3–6 Laminoplasty for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy Maintains Satisfactory Long-Term Surgical Outcomes
Authors: Sakaura Hironobu , Hosono Noboru , Mukai Yoshihiro , Iwasaki Motoki , Yoshikawa Hideki 
Published: June 2014

Study Design Prospective cohort study. Objective To clarify long-term surgical outcomes of C3–6 laminoplasty preserving muscles attached to the C2 and C7 spinous processes in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). Methods Twenty patients who underwent C3–6 open-door laminoplasty for CSM and who were followed for 8 to 10 years were included in this study. Myelopathic symptoms were assessed using Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score. Axial neck pain was graded as severe, moderate, or mild. C2–7 angle was measured using lateral radiographs of the cervical spine before surgery and at final follow-up. Results Mean JOA score before surgery (11.7) was significantly improved to 15.2 at the time of maximum recovery (1 year after surgery), declining slightly to 14.9 by the latest follow-up. Late deterioration of JOA score developed in eight patients, but was unrelated to the cervical spine lesions in each case. No patient suffered from prolonged postoperative axial neck pain at final follow-up. The mean C2–7 angle before surgery (13.8 degrees) significantly increased to 19.2 degrees at final follow-up. Conclusions C3–6 laminoplasty preserving muscles attached to the C2 and C7 spinous processes in patients with CSM maintained satisfactory long-term neurologic improvement with significantly reduced frequencies of prolonged postoperative axial neck pain and loss of C2–7 angle after surgery.