bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of a 15-Item Lifestyle Screening for Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Hwang Jengliang Eric 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The Health Enhancement Lifestyle Profile–Screener (HELP–Screener) is a 15-item self-report questionnaire conceptually excerpted from the original 56-item HELP. This article describes the development and validation of the HELP–Screener with a sample of 483 community-dwelling older adults. Data derived from the sample were first analyzed using the Rasch dichotomous model. Unidimensionality and data–model fit of the HELP–Screener were largely supported by the analyses of principal components of residuals, fit statistics, local dependency, differential item functioning, and item hierarchy. To delineate the clinical significance of the test results, the cutoff score for the HELP–Screener was established through the mean and standard deviation generated from the study sample. The HELP–Screener can serve as a time-efficient screening for identifying older adults who may require a comprehensive evaluation through HELP and, as a result, who may benefit from a lifestyle intervention. Of note, more studies are planned to further corroborate psychometric properties of this new instrument.
Occupational Therapy in Neurological Disorders: Looking Ahead to the American Occupational Therapy Association’s Centennial Vision
Authors: Rao Ashwini K. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The Centennial Vision articulated by the American Occupational Therapy Association includes moving the profession to being science driven and evidence based. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy contributes to this vision by publishing high-quality research. I reviewed research in the practice area of neurological rehabilitation published between May 2010 and October 2011. In particular, I reviewed effectiveness and efficacy studies, instrument development and testing, and basic research studies. Concerns emerging from the review were (1) few studies in neurological rehabilitation; (2) many disorders not represented; (3) exclusive use of impairment-level outcomes in some studies; and (4) high preponderance of case series designs in effectiveness studies. To achieve the Centennial Vision, the field needs to improve the volume and diversity of research in neurological rehabilitation. It is also important to modify academic and clinical practice to enable occupational therapists to spend more time in producing high-quality evidence to support the crucial role they play in neurological rehabilitation.
Efficiency of Real-Time PCR for 18s rRNA amplification of Sorbus domestica L.
Authors: Žiarovská Jana , Poláčeková Petronela 
Published: October 2012

Nowadays, the awareness is given more and more to underutilized and unusual fruits. One of them is Sorbus domestica, L. not only as an endangered species, but as well as a promising and economically usable crop. The work was aimed for finding a total genomic DNA isolating methods from fresh plant material and confirmation of the optimized method by the detection of 18S rRNA gene using real-time PCR. Two commercial isolation kits were tested - Invisorb® Spin Plant Mini Kit and Wizard ® Genomic DNA. Higher purity and yield of DNA isolation kit showed Invisorb kit. The effective and pure PCR amplification was confirmed for Invisorb, too when 20 ng undiluted DNA at annealing temperature of 64.5 °C.
Nutritional and health benefits of buckwheat
Authors: Danihelová Martina , Šturdí­k Ernest 
Published: October 2012

Buckwheat represents a raw material interesting in term of its nutritional and health beneficial suitability. Buckwheat grain is a source of valuable proteins, starch with low glycemic index or high amount of unsaturated fatty acids. It contains compounds with prophylactic value, too. Buckwheat is one of the richest sources of flavonoids. The highest content of dietary fibre is in bran fraction, where it counts for 40 %. Present phytosterols are usefull in lowering blood cholesterol. Buckwheat is better source of magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, zinc, manganese and copper than other cereals. Among vitamins the most abundant is pyridoxin. Buckwheat is effective in management of many diseases, mainly cardiovascular and digestion disorders, cancer, diabetes and obesity. In the last decades buckwheat is an interesting material not only for development of new functional foods, but for the preparation of concentrates with healing buckwheat components, too.
4dDoha: Buildings
Authors: Hutzell Kelly , el Samahy Rami , Gregson Spencer , Himes Adam , Ricco Kristina 
Published: October 2012

A web-based application designed for the iPad which focuses on buildings designed for Doha across the decades.

Over the years, some of the greatest architects of their respective eras have designed buildings for Doha. These buildings were preceded by the local vernacular architecture, of which a few notable examples remain. Each of these buildings responds, in its own way, to the local climate and culture.

More than any other single artifact, a building represents a culture's values and aspirations, socioeconomic conditions and construction techniques. Buildings project these attributes outward and become a means for a city or a nation to transmit its identity to others. It is not by accident that postcards of buildings are so common; an image of the city as represented by its architecture is disseminated outward across the globe.

These digital postcards represent a curated selection of noteworthy buildings that were designed for Doha. They range in time, location, use, style and built status. These categories allow for different means of sorting the information: into different eras (pre-oil, independence, realignment, or expansion), by architectural language or style (vernacular, modern, postmodern or contemporary); and by its current condition (built, demolished, unrealized or renovated).

Part of an ongoing research project on the physical growth of Doha over time, 4dDoha: Buildings is an educational web-based application that focuses on the city's architecture throughout its history. Combining research, graphic design and interaction design, the iPad app allows users to sift through the data via a series of filters, while recording the users' choices on a projected map.

Created by Carnegie Mellon School of Architecture faculty Kelly Hutzell and Rami el Samahy with research associates Adam Himes, Spencer Gregson and Kristina Ricco.
Generous support provided by Carnegie Mellon Qatar and Qatar Foundation. Concept and software design by over,under, inc.
Spiral Array: A New High-Throughput Technology Covers Tissue Heterogeneity
Authors: Fukuoka Junya , Hofer Matthias D. , Hori Takashi , Tanaka Tomonori , Ishizawa Shin , Nomoto Kazuhiro , Saito Manami , Uemura Takeshi , Chirieac Lucian R. 
Published: October 2012

Context.—Tissue array is a well-established technique that connects basic research with clinical applications and allows for the validation of many pathobiologic events from gene expression dysregulation to genomic aberrations. However, conventional tissue array has several limitations such as poor representation of tissue heterogeneity, destruction of donor tissue blocks due to coring, and usage of particular specimens that have limited evaluable material (tissue from thin specimens or needle biopsies).
Objective.—To show the noninferiority and superiority of the new technique named Spiral Array—which allows for improved representation of the donor tissue while keeping the architectural details of the donor block intact—to that of the conventional tissue array. We compared the morphologic features of both methods.
Design.—We created both Spiral Array and conventional tissue array for 25 lung adenocarcinomas and 50 multiple tumors of various organs. The degree of coverage of tissue heterogeneity was examined by observing the range of the staining intensity differences in immunohistochemistry, using cytokeratin 7 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR); the degree of morphologic preservation was tested by level of accurate prediction among 3 pathologists of the histopathologic diagnosis and organ type.
Results.—The Spiral Array showed better representations of the range of staining intensity for EGFR (P  =  .01). The level of accuracy for predicting organ type was significantly higher in Spiral Array than conventional tissue array (P  =  .047), whereas it was not significantly different between the 2 techniques for the histologic diagnosis.
Conclusion.—Our data indicate that Spiral Array has benefits for covering tissue heterogeneity and preserving better morphology.
Immunohistochemistry for Immunoglobulin G4 on Paraffin Sections for the Diagnosis of Pemphigus
Authors: Zhang Xuefeng , Hyjek Elizabeth , Soltani Keyoumars , Petronic-Rosic Vesna , Shea Christopher R. 
Published: October 2012

Context.—Pemphigus is a group of autoimmune vesiculobullous diseases characterized by immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies directed against desmosomal adhesion proteins, with IgG4 being the predominant subclass in active diseases. Direct immunofluorescence for IgG performed on fresh-frozen tissue plays a crucial role in diagnosing pemphigus. However, the diagnosis might be hindered when frozen tissue is not available.
Objective.—To evaluate the usefulness of immunohistochemistry for IgG4 performed on paraffin sections as a diagnostic test for pemphigus.
Design.—Eighteen immunofluorescence-proven pemphigus cases (12 pemphigus vulgaris, 6 pemphigus foliaceus) were studied. Four normal skin specimens and 32 nonpemphigus vesiculobullous disease specimens served as controls. Paraffin sections of all cases were examined immunohistochemically for IgG4 expression. Positivity was defined as distinct, condensed, continuous immunoreactivity localized to the intercellular junctions of keratinocytes.
Results.—The immunostains were independently evaluated in a masked manner by 3 pathologists, with a 100% interobserver agreement. Nine of 12 pemphigus vulgaris cases (sensitivity 75.0%), and 4 of 6 pemphigus foliaceus cases (sensitivity 66.7%), were positive for IgG4 immunostain. The overall sensitivity was 72.2%. One control specimen (bullous pemphigoid) showed IgG4 positivity (specificity 97.2%). In specimens demonstrating acantholysis, 8 of 10 pemphigus vulgaris cases (sensitivity 80.0%) and 4 of 4 pemphigus foliaceus cases (sensitivity 100.0%) were positive for IgG4. The overall sensitivity for specimens with acantholytic lesions was 85.7%.
Conclusion.—Immunohistochemistry for IgG4 provides a reasonably sensitive and highly specific test for diagnosing pemphigus, especially when frozen tissue is not available, and active acantholytic lesions are examined.
Metastatic Tumors to the Colon and Rectum: A Multi-Institutional Study
Authors: Mourra Najat , Jouret-Mourin Anne , Lazure Thierry , Audard Virginie , Albiges Laurence , Malbois Maude , Bouzourene Hanifa , Duvillard Pierre 
Published: October 2012

Context.—Unlike the small bowel, the colorectal mucosa is seldom the site of metastatic disease.Objective.—To determine the incidence of truly colorectal metastases, and subsequent clinicopathologic findings, in a substantial colorectal cancer population collected from 7 European centers.Design.—During the last decade, 10 365 patients were identified as having colorectal malignant tumors, other than systemic diseases. Data collected included patient demographics, clinical symptoms, treatment, the presence of metastases in other sites, disease-free interval, follow-up, and overall survival. All secondary tumors resulting from direct invasion from malignant tumors of the contiguous organs were excluded, as well as those resulting from lymph node metastases or peritoneal seeding.Results.—Only 35 patients were included (10 men) with a median age of 59 years. They presented with obstruction, bleeding, abdominal pain, or perforation. The leading source of metastases was the breast, followed by melanoma. Metastases were synchronous in 3 cases. The mean disease-free interval for the remaining cases was 6.61 years. Surgical resection was performed in 28 cases. Follow-up was available for 26 patients; all had died, with a mean survival time of 10.67 months (range, 1–41 months).Conclusions.—Colorectal metastases are exceptional (0.338%) with the breast as a leading source of metastases; they still represent a late stage of disease and reflect a poor prognosis. Therefore, the pathologist should be alert for the possibility of secondary tumors when studying large bowel biopsies. Any therapy is usually palliative, but our results suggest that prolonged survival after surgery and complementary therapy can be obtained in some patients.
Expression of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase in Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Immunohistochemical Study With Survivin and p53
Authors: Wellenhofer Alfred , Brustmann Hermann 
Published: October 2012

Context.—Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), an enzyme that enables cells to overcome replicative senescence and to divide indefinitely, is overexpressed in many cancers and their precursor lesions.
Objective.—To test whether hTERT expression is related to neoplastic progression and resistance to apoptosis in vulvar epithelia.
Design.—Immunoexpression of hTERT was evaluated in 101 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival vulvar epithelia consisting of normal squamous vulvar epithelia (n  =  25), lichen sclerosus (n  =  10), high-grade classic vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (n  =  16), differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (n  =  18), and vulvar invasive keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (n  =  32) and related to survivin and p53 expression. Immunostaining for all factors was scored for moderate and strong intensities with regard to quantity to determine upregulation and overexpression (score 0, 0% immunoreactive cells; score 1+, &lt;5% immunoreactive cells; score 2+, 5% to 50% immunoreactive cells; score 3+, &gt;50% immunoreactive cells). Score 3+ was considered as overexpression.
Results.—Nuclear hTERT immunoexpression was closely related to survivin reactivity, increased from normal vulvar squamous epithelia to lichen sclerosus and to high-grade classic vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, and invasive keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (P &lt; .001), and followed the morphologic distribution of atypical squamous epithelial cells. Overexpression of hTERT was comparable to that seen for p53 in invasive keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (P  =  .62); significant differences were calculated for differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (P  =  .003) and high-grade classic vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (P  =  .001).
Conclusion.—Human telomerase reverse transcriptase is upregulated in vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma compared with nonneoplastic squamous epithelia of the vulva as an apparently early and preinvasive event in the neoplastic transformation, with development of cellular longevity and resistance to apoptosis by survivin activation as associated features, independent of the etiology of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia.
Successful Implementation of a Longitudinal, Integrated Pathology Curriculum During the Third Year of Medical School
Authors: Haspel Richard L. , Bhargava Parul , Gilmore Hannah , Kane Sarah , Powers Amy , Sepehr Alireza , Weinstein Amy R. , Schwartzstein Richard M. , Roberts David H. 
Published: October 2012

Context.—There are few published examples of pathology instruction during the clinical years of medical student training. This lack of exposure to pathology may lead to poor understanding of laboratory testing and the role of pathologists in patient care.
Objective.—To design, implement, and evaluate a pathology curriculum integrated into a longitudinal clerkship for third-year medical students.
Design.—The curriculum includes an introductory session during the transition week course, pathologist participation in longitudinal student case conferences, and a pathology elective. The curriculum was evaluated by using surveys consisting of both multiple choice and written responses.
Results.—A total of 55 students participated in the longitudinal curriculum during the 2009–2010 academic year and 8 students, only one of whom stated a career interest in pathology, participated in the elective. More than 80 pathology topics were discussed and, for the first time, pathologists received teaching awards from the third-year students. All elective students would recommend the elective to colleagues; feedback also suggested an improved understanding of pathology as a profession. At the end of the year, 31% of all students, compared to only 19% in the initial survey, knew that most of an anatomic pathologist's caseload consists of specimens from living patients (P  =  .13). In addition, elective student interaction with a pathology faculty member directly led to an improvement in test reporting.
Conclusions.—A novel longitudinal curriculum allowed for the creative integration of pathology into third-year students' clinical training and led to better student understanding of the role of pathologists in patient care.
Albert C. Broders' Paradigm Shifts Involving the Prognostication and Definition of Cancer
Authors: Wright James R. 
Published: October 2012

Context.—In the 19th and early 20th centuries, cancer was defined by the demonstration of invasion and metastases, based upon gross findings at surgery or autopsy. Although histopathologic examination of tumors became possible with greater and greater resolution over time, the definition of cancer remained the same. Tumors with features suggesting the biological “potential” to invade and metastasize were not cancers until they had achieved their potential. Prognostication based upon histopathologic analyses of tumor biopsies and resection specimens was not possible, as the concepts of tumor grading and staging did not exist until the 1920s and 1930s, respectively.
Objective.—To examine the history of tumor grading and the concept of “carcinoma in situ” and to explore the role of Albert C. Broders, MD, and others in these discoveries.
Design.—To address these topics, standard historiographic methods were used to examine available primary and secondary historical sources.
Results.—Early in his career, Broders described tumor grading, showing for the first time that histopathologic findings could independently predict prognosis. This discovery quickly begat tumor staging and eventually the whole predictive biomarker field. Later in his career, Broders described carcinoma in situ, thereby changing the very definition of cancer.
Conclusion.—Historians recognize that science progresses through a series of paradigm shifts. Most clinician-scientists, even those at the very top of their fields, never make a discovery so dramatic that it changes their field forever. In the 1920s and 1930s, Albert C. Broders published 2 observations that forever changed cancer diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment.
Selective Immunohistochemical Markers to Distinguish Between Metastatic High-Grade Urothelial Carcinoma and Primary Poorly Differentiated Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung
Authors: Gruver Aaron M. , Amin Mahul B. , Luthringer Daniel J. , Westfall Danielle , Arora Komal , Farver Carol F. , Osunkoya Adeboye O. , McKenney Jesse K. , Hansel Donna E. 
Published: October 2012

Context.—Distinction between primary lung carcinomas and metastases from other sites, especially the urinary tract, is a common diagnostic dilemma. As urothelial carcinomas can demonstrate a broad range of morphology and frequently demonstrate squamous differentiation, discerning metastatic urothelial carcinoma to the lung from primary pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma can be challenging.
Objective.—To investigate immunostains that may aid in the distinction of urothelial carcinoma metastatic to the lung.
Design.—Staining patterns of 14 markers in primary urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and primary squamous cell carcinoma of the lung were examined to establish a diagnostic panel. These antibodies were subsequently tested on tumors taken from 30 patients with a paired urinary tract and metastatic lung lesion.
Results.—The best markers to distinguish poorly differentiated metastatic urothelial carcinoma from primary pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma were CK7, CK20, GATA-3, CK14, desmoglein-3, and uroplakin III, with the utility of the latter dependent upon the quantity of tissue available for analysis. The observed percentage positive staining in nonmetastatic urothelial carcinoma versus primary pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma with these antibodies was as follows: CK7 (100% versus 33%), CK20 (54% versus 7%), GATA-3 (78% versus 23%), CK14 (32% versus 77%), desmoglein-3 (11% versus 87%), and uroplakin III (14% versus 0%). Similar expression patterns were observed among the paired cases.
Conclusion.—When interpreted in correlation with clinical history and histomorphology, a panel of immunostains including CK7, CK20, GATA-3, CK14, desmoglein-3, and uroplakin III may be a useful adjunct in the distinction of metastatic urothelial carcinoma to the lung.
Familial Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonia: Histopathology and Survival in 30 Patients
Authors: Leslie Kevin O. , Cool Carlyne D. , Sporn Thomas A. , Curran-Everett Douglas , Steele Mark P. , Brown Kevin K. , Wahidi Momen M. , Schwartz David A. 
Published: October 2012

Context.—Familial idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (F-IIP) describes the unexplained occurrence of diffuse parenchymal lung disease in related individuals. Prevailing wisdom suggests that the histopathology of F-IIP is indistinguishable from that of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, namely, usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP).
Objective.—To define the histopathology of F-IIP in lung tissue samples.
Design.—Tissue sections from 30 patients with F-IIP, enrolled in a national research program, were evaluated by 3 pulmonary pathologists using 15 predefined histopathologic features. Each feature was recorded independently before a final diagnosis was chosen from a limited list dichotomized between UIP or “not UIP.” These 2 groups were then compared to survival.
Results.—The consensus diagnosis for the F-IIP cohort was an unclassifiable parenchymal fibrosis (60%), with a high incidence of histopathologic honeycombing, fibroblast foci, and smooth muscle in fibrosis. Usual interstitial pneumonia, strictly defined, was identified in less than half of the F-IIP cases (range, 23%–50%). Interobserver agreement was fair (κ  =  0.37) for 2 observers for the overall diagnosis of UIP. Findings unexpected in UIP were prevalent. The survival for the entire F-IIP cohort was poor, with an estimated mortality of 93% and a median age at death of 60.9 years. Subjects with UIP had a shorter survival and younger age at death.
Conclusions.—Pulmonary fibrosis was the dominant histopathology identified in our patients, but diagnostic features of UIP were seen in less than 50% of the samples. Overall survival was poor, with mortality accelerated apparently by the presence of a UIP pattern of disease.