bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher investment in flight morphology does not trade off with fecundity estimates in a poleward range‐expanding damselfly
Authors: THERRY LIEVEN , BONTE DRIES , STOKS ROBBY 
Published: November 2014

1. Evolutionary increases in dispersal‐related traits are frequently documented during range expansions. Investment in flight‐related traits is energetically costly and a trade‐off with fecundity may be expected during range expansion.2. However, in contrast to wing‐dimorphic species, this trade‐off is not general in wing‐monomorphic species. In the absence of a dispersal‐‐fecundity trade‐off, an increased investment in clutch size at the expansion front is expected possibly at a cost of reduced offspring size.3. The study evaluated investment in female flight morphology and fecundity‐related traits (clutch size, hatchling size) and potential trade‐offs among these traits in replicated populations of the poleward range‐expanding damselfly Coenagrion scitulum.4. Females at the expansion front had a higher relative thorax length, indicating an increased investment in flight; this can be explained by spatial sorting of dispersal ability or in situ natural selection at the expansion front. Edge females produced larger hatchlings, however, this pattern was totally driven by the population‐specific thermal larval regimes and could not be attributed to the range expansion per se. By contrast, clutch sizes did not differ between core and edge populations. There was no signal of a dispersal–fecundity trade‐off either for a trade‐off between clutch size and hatchling size.5. These results indicate that evolution of a higher dispersal ability at the expansion front of C. scitulum does not trade off with investment in fecundity, hence a dispersal–fecundity trade‐off is unlikely to slow down range expansion of this species.
Interleukin‐10 inhibits autonomous myelopoiesis in patients with myelofibrosis
Authors: Geissler Klaus , Jäger Eva , Öhler Leopold , Gisslinger Heinz , Jäger Ulrich , Lechner Klaus 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe spontaneous formation of colony‐forming units granulocyte/macrophage (CFU‐GM) in semisolid cultures has been shown to be due to the endogenous release of cytokines and/or to the hypersensitivity of cells against growth factors. We have reported that increased autonomous CFU‐GM growth is an in vitro characteristic of myelofibrosis (MF) which may reflect aberrant hematopoiesis in vivo. Because of its cytokine synthesis‐inhibiting action, we speculated that interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) may inhibit pathological overproduction of myeloid cells in MF by suppression of autonomous myelopoiesis. In this study, IL‐10 significantly inhibited autonomous CFU‐GM formation in vitro from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PB MNC) in 10 of 11 patients with MF tested. In all patients, there was a mean inhibition of 69% ranging from 35% to 100%. Suppression of autonomous CFU‐GM formation by IL‐10 was dose dependent and reversible by the addition of anti‐IL‐10 antibodies. Our results indicate that IL‐10 is a potentially useful molecule to affect aberrant myelopoiesis in patients with MF.
Effects of elevated ozone concentration on CH4 and N2O emission from paddy soil under fully open‐air field conditions
Authors: Tang Haoye , Liu Gang , Zhu Jianguo , Kobayashi Kazuhiko 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe investigated the effects of elevated ozone concentration (E‐O3) on CH4 and N2O emission from paddies with two rice cultivars: an inbred Indica cultivar Yangdao 6 (YD6) and a hybrid one II‐you 084 (IIY084), under fully open‐air field conditions in China. A mean 26.7% enhancement of ozone concentration above the ambient level (A‐O3) significantly reduced CH4 emission at tillering and flowering stages leading to a reduction of seasonal integral CH4 emission by 29.6% on average across the two cultivars. The reduced CH4 emission is associated with O3‐induced reduction in the whole‐plant biomass (−13.2%), root biomass (−34.7%), and maximum tiller number (−10.3%), all of which curbed the carbon supply for belowground CH4 production and its release from submerged soil to atmosphere. Although no significant difference was detected between the cultivars in the CH4 emission response to E‐O3, a larger decrease in CH4 emission with IIY084 (−33.2%) than that with YD6 (−7.0%) was observed at tillering stage, which may be due to the larger reduction in tiller number in IIY084 by E‐O3. Additionally, E‐O3 reduced seasonal mean NOx flux by 5.7% and 11.8% with IIY084 and YD6, respectively, but the effects were not significant statistically. We found that the relative response of CH4 emission to E‐O3 was not significantly different from those reported in open‐top chamber experiments. This study has thus confirmed that increasing ozone concentration would mitigate the global warming potential of CH4 and suggested consideration of the feedback mechanism between ozone and its precursor emission into the projection of future ozone effects on terrestrial ecosystem.
Political Geographies of ‘Food Security’ and ‘Food Sovereignty’
Authors: Hopma Justa , Woods Michael 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis review article situates the development of national and global food security discourses in their historical and political context. Geographical imaginations of ‘food security’ have shifted from a national to a global scale and, in some instances, back again. The dominant conceptualisation of food security, consolidated by the FAO Rome Summit on World Food Security, presents food security as a scientific problem rather than a political problem. ‘Food sovereignty’, on the other hand, is a counter‐hegemonic discourse that questions the organisation of the current food system and calls for its transformation. From the global food security perspective, nation states are an obstacle to food security. Out‐dated agricultural economies of the global south need to be improved through the adoption of biotechnology developed by scientists and corporations in the global north. Food sovereignty by contrast emphasises principles of rights and social justice over economics and technology. This article presents the different analyses of the problem and critically examines the internal assumptions of both discourses. We argue that the progression of the ‘food security’ debate will have clear geopolitical consequences with respect to the distribution of power in the global agri‐food system and with regard to the autonomy of local communities and nation states.
Metabolites as novel biomarkers for childhood obesity‐related traits in Mexican–American children
Authors: Farook V. S. , Reddivari L. , Chittoor G. , Puppala S. , Arya R. , Fowler S. P. , Hunt K. J. , Curran J. E. , Comuzzie A. G. , Lehman D. M. , Jenkinson C. P. , Lynch J. L. , DeFronzo R. A. , Blangero J. , Hale D. E. , Duggirala R. , Vanamala J. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryBackground/ObjectivesAlthough newer approaches have identified several metabolites associated with obesity, there is paucity of such information in paediatric populations, especially among Mexican–Americans (MAs) who are at high risk of obesity. Therefore, we performed a global serum metabolite screening in MA children to identify biomarkers of childhood obesity.MethodsWe selected 15 normal‐weight, 13 overweight and 14 obese MA children (6–17 years) and performed global serum metabolite screening using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/quadruple orthogonal acceleration time of flight tandem micro mass spectrometer. Metabolite values were analysed to assess mean differences among groups using one‐way analysis of variance, to test for linear trend across groups and to examine Pearson's correlations between them and seven cardiometabolic traits (CMTs): body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, homeostasis model of assessment‐insulin resistance, triglycerides and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol.ResultsWe identified 14 metabolites exhibiting differences between groups as well as linear trend across groups with nominal statistical significance. After adjustment for multiple testing, mean differences and linear trends across groups remained significant (P < 5.9 × 10−5) for L‐thyronine, bradykinin and naringenin. Of the examined metabolite‐CMT trait pairs, all metabolites except for 2‐methylbutyroylcarnitine were nominally associated with two or more CMTs, some exhibiting significance even after accounting for multiple testing (P < 3.6 × 10−3).ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this study – albeit pilot in nature – is the first study to identify these metabolites as novel biomarkers of childhood obesity and its correlates. These findings signify the need for future systematic investigations of metabolic pathways underlying childhood obesity.
Magnesium Isotopic Compositions of International Geological Reference Materials
Authors: Teng Fang‐Zhen , Li Wang‐Ye , Ke Shan , Yang Wei , Liu Sheng‐Ao , Sedaghatpour Fatemeh , Wang Shui‐Jiong , Huang Kang‐Jun , Hu Yan , Ling Ming‐Xing , Xiao Yan , Liu Xiao‐Ming , Li Xiao‐Wei , Gu Hai‐Ou , Sio Corliss K. , Wallace Debra A. , Su Ben‐Xun , Zhao Li , Chamberlin Johnnie , Harrington Melissa , Brewer Aaron 
Published: November 2014

Magnesium isotopic compositions are reported for twenty‐four international geological reference materials including igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks, as well as phlogopite and serpentine minerals. The long‐term reproducibility of Mg isotopic determination, based on 4‐year analyses of olivine and seawater samples, was ≤ 0.07‰ (2s) for δ26Mg and ≤ 0.05‰ (2s) for δ25Mg. Accuracy was tested by analysis of synthetic reference materials down to the quoted long‐term reproducibility. This comprehensive dataset, plus seawater data produced in the same laboratory, serves as a reference for quality assurance and inter‐laboratory comparison of high‐precision Mg isotopic data.
Change in quality of life of people with dementia recently admitted to long‐term care facilities
Authors: Beerens Hanneke C. , Zwakhalen Sandra M.G. , Verbeek Hilde , Ruwaard Dirk , Ambergen Antonius W. , Leino‐Kilpi Helena , Stephan Astrid , Zabalegui Adelaida , Soto Maria , Saks Kai , Bökberg Christina , Sutcliffe Caroline L. , Hamers Jan P.H. ,   the RightTimePlaceCare Consortium
Published: November 2014

AbstractAimTo assess which factors are associated with change in quality of life of people with dementia who have recently been admitted to long‐term care facilities.BackgroundMany people with dementia will be admitted to long‐term care facilities at some point during their disease. It is currently unknown which factors are associated with improvement and/or deterioration of quality of life immediately following admission.DesignAn observational and longitudinal survey.MethodsData on 343 people with dementia who have been recently admitted to long‐term care facilities across eight European countries were collected between November 2010–April 2012. Quality of life was assessed by people with dementia and their proxies using the ‘Quality of Life‐Alzheimer's Disease scale’. Explanatory variables included cognitive status, comorbidities, activities of daily living, depressive symptoms and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Descriptive and multilevel regression analyses were performed.ResultsBetter cognitive abilities at baseline were associated with a decrease in self‐reported quality of life. Greater dependency and more depressive symptoms at baseline were associated with declined proxy‐reported quality of life. Furthermore, an increased dependency and an increase of depressive symptoms between baseline and follow‐up were associated with a decreased proxy‐reported quality of life. On an individual level, three groups were identified, namely people whose quality of life: (1) decreased; (2) stayed the same; and (3) increased.ConclusionCognitive functioning, functional rehabilitation and treatment of depressive symptoms should receive special attention. However, quality of life of people with dementia does not necessarily decrease after institutionalization.
The Labour Party and Europe from Brown to Miliband: Back to the Future?
Authors: Schnapper Pauline 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis article analyzes British Labour Party leaders' discourses on Europe since 2007 – that is, after Tony Blair left power. Gordon Brown and Ed Miliband are analyzed in relation to one of the traditional attitudes of the party since the 1950s. It is argued that two trends in attitudes to European integration among Labour leaders can be identified. One is wariness of European integration for fear that Britain could lose its Commonwealth links and its global outlook. The other is seeing strong engagement in the European Community as crucial to Britain's political and economic future. Blair followed these steps, at least rhetorically, in aiming to strengthen British leadership in the EU. Brown and Miliband, though sharing a broad support for the EU, both emphasized the failings of the EU and shared their earlier predecessors' preference for a ‘global’ Britain.
Efficacy and safety of luseogliflozin added to various oral antidiabetic drugs in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Seino Yutaka , Inagaki Nobuya , Haneda Masakazu , Kaku Kohei , Sasaki Takashi , Fukatsu Atsushi , Ubukata Michito , Sakai Soichi , Samukawa Yoshishige 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIntroductionTwo studies were carried out to investigate the efficacy and safety of luseogliflozin added to existing oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients inadequately controlled with OAD monotherapy.Materials and MethodsIn the trial involving add‐on to sulfonylureas (study 03‐1), patients were randomly assigned to receive luseogliflozin 2.5 mg or a placebo for a 24‐week double‐blind period, followed by a 28‐week open‐label period. In the open‐label trial involving add‐on to other OADs; that is, biguanides, dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, glinides and α‐glucosidase inhibitors (study 03‐2), patients received luseogliflozin for 52 weeks.ResultsIn study 03‐1, luseogliflozin significantly decreased glycated hemoglobin at the end of the 24‐week double‐blind period compared with the placebo (–0.88%, P < 0.001), and glycated hemoglobin reduction from baseline at week 52 was –0.63%. In study 03‐2, luseogliflozin added to other OADs significantly decreased glycated hemoglobin from baseline at week 52 (–0.52 to –0.68%, P < 0.001 for all OADs). Bodyweight reduction was observed in all add‐on therapies, even with agents associated with weight gain, such as sulfonylureas and thiazolidinediones. Most adverse events were mild in severity. When added to a sulfonylurea, incidences of hypoglycemia during the double‐blind period were 8.7% and 4.2% for luseogliflozin and placebo, respectively, but no major hypoglycemic episodes occurred. The frequency and incidences of adverse events of special interest for sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and adverse events associated with combined OADs were acceptable.ConclusionsAdd‐on therapies of luseogliflozin to existing OADs improved glycemic control, reduced bodyweight and were well tolerated in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients. These trials were registered with the Japan Pharmaceutical Information Center (add on to sulfonylurea: JapicCTI‐111507; add on to other OADs: JapicCTI‐111508).
Symbiotic bacteria enable olive flies (Bactrocera oleae) to exploit intractable sources of nitrogen
Authors: Ben‐Yosef M. , Pasternak Z. , Jurkevitch E. , Yuval B. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractInsects are often associated with symbiotic micro‐organisms, which allow them to utilize nutritionally marginal diets. Adult fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) associate with extracellular bacteria (Enterobacteriaceae) that inhabit their digestive tract. These flies obtain nutrients by foraging for plant exudates, honeydew and bird droppings scattered on leaves and fruit – a nutritional niche which offers ample amounts of carbohydrates, but low quantities of available nitrogen. We identified the bacteria resident in the gut of the olive fly (Bactrocera oleae) – a worldwide pest of olives and examined their contribution to nitrogen metabolism in the adult insect. By suppressing bacteria in the gut and monitoring female fecundity, we demonstrate that bacteria contribute essential amino acids and metabolize urea into an available nitrogen source for the fly, thus significantly elevating egg production. In an ecological context, bacteria were found to be beneficial to females subsisting on bird droppings, but not on honeydew – two natural food sources. We suggest that a main gut bacterium (Candidatus Erwinia dacicola) forms an inseparable, essential part of this fly's nutritional ecology. The evolution of this symbiosis has allowed adult flies to utilize food substrates which are low or imbalanced in assimilable nitrogen and thereby to overcome the nitrogen limitations of their natural diet.
The roles of geography and founder effects in promoting host‐associated differentiation in the generalist bogus yucca moth Prodoxus decipiens
Authors: Darwell C. T. , Fox K. A. , Althoff D. M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThere is ample evidence that host shifts in plant‐feeding insects have been instrumental in generating the enormous diversity of insects. Changes in host use can cause host‐associated differentiation (HAD) among populations that may lead to reproductive isolation and eventual speciation. The importance of geography in facilitating this process remains controversial. We examined the geographic context of HAD in the wide‐ranging generalist yucca moth Prodoxus decipiens. Previous work demonstrated HAD among sympatric moth populations feeding on two different Yucca species occurring on the barrier islands of North Carolina, USA. We assessed the genetic structure of P. decipiens across its entire geographic and host range to determine whether HAD is widespread in this generalist herbivore. Population genetic analyses of microsatellite and mtDNA sequence data across the entire range showed genetic structuring with respect to host use and geography. In particular, genetic differentiation was relatively strong between mainland populations and those on the barrier islands of North Carolina. Finer scale analyses, however, among sympatric populations using different host plant species only showed significant clustering based on host use for populations on the barrier islands. Mainland populations did not form population clusters based on host plant use. Reduced genetic diversity in the barrier island populations, especially on the derived host, suggests that founder effects may have been instrumental in facilitating HAD. In general, results suggest that the interplay of local adaptation, geography and demography can determine the tempo of HAD. We argue that future studies should include comprehensive surveys across a wide range of environmental and geographic conditions to elucidate the contribution of various processes to HAD.
Male body size and condition affects sperm number and production rates in mosquitofish, Gambusia holbrooki
Authors: O'Dea R. E. , Jennions M. D. , Head M. L. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSperm number is an important predictor of paternity when there is sperm competition. Sperm number is often measured as maximum sperm reserves, but in species where mating is frequent, males will often be replenishing their reserves. Thus, variation in how quickly males can produce sperm is likely to be important in determining male success in sperm competition. Despite this, little is known about how male size, body condition or diet affects sperm production rates. We counted sperm number in large and small Gambusia holbrooki (eastern mosquitofish) after 3 weeks on either a high or low food diet. Sperm number was significantly higher in both larger males and in well‐fed males. We then stripped ejaculates again either 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 days later to investigate subsequent sperm production. The rate of sperm replenishment was influenced by an interaction between size and diet. Large, well‐fed males had consistently high levels of sperm available over the 5 days (i.e. rapid replenishment), whereas small poorly fed males showed consistently low levels of sperm availability over the 5 days (i.e. slow replenishment). In contrast, large, poorly fed and small, well‐fed males increased their sperm numbers over the first 3 days (i.e. intermediate replenishment). Our study highlights that when mating is frequent and sperm competition is high, size and condition dependence of maximal sperm number and of sperm production rate might both contribute to variation in male reproductive success.
Genetic basis and fitness correlates of dynamic carotenoid‐based ornamental coloration in male and female common kestrels Falco tinnunculus
Authors: Vergara P. , Fargallo J. A. , Martínez‐Padilla J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractKnowledge of the genetic basis of sexual ornaments is essential to understand their evolution through sexual selection. Although carotenoid‐based ornaments have been instrumental in the study of sexual selection, given the inability of animals to synthesize carotenoids de novo, they are generally assumed to be influenced solely by environmental variation. However, very few studies have directly estimated the role of genes and the environment in shaping variation in carotenoid‐based traits. Using long‐term individual‐based data, we here explore the evolutionary potential of a dynamic, carotenoid‐based ornament (namely skin coloration), in male and female common kestrels. We first estimate the amount of genetic variation underlying variation in hue, chroma and brightness. After correcting for sex differences, the chroma of the orange‐yellow eye ring coloration was significantly heritable (h2 ± SE = 0.40 ± 0.17), whereas neither hue (h2 = 0) nor brightness (h2 = 0.02) was heritable. Second, we estimate the strength and shape of selection acting upon chromatic (hue and chroma) and achromatic (brightness) variation and show positive and negative directional selection on female but not male chroma and hue, respectively, whereas brightness was unrelated to fitness in both sexes. This suggests that different components of carotenoid‐based signals traits may show different evolutionary dynamics. Overall, we show that carotenoid‐based coloration is a complex and multifaceted trait. If we are to gain a better understanding of the processes responsible for the generation and maintenance of variation in carotenoid‐based coloration, these complexities need to be taken into account.