bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproductive traits of Euterpina acutifrons in a coastal area of Southeastern Brazil
Authors: de Melo Júnior Mauro , Miyashita Leonardo K. , Silva Naira J. , Gaeta Salvador A. , Lopes Rubens M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe investigated the reproductive biology of the planktonic harpacticoid copepod Euterpina acutifrons, including morphometric data, egg production rates (EPR) and viability, and weight‐specific egg production. Experiments were carried out during 1 year in an inner‐shelf area off Ubatuba (SE Brazil), a site seasonally influenced by bottom intrusions of the relatively cold and nutrient‐rich South Atlantic Central Water (SACW). We hypothesized that E. acutifrons attain higher reproductive rates when SACW penetrates in this region. Live females were incubated individually in cell culture plates during two periods of 24 h each, under controlled temperature and light conditions. Euterpina acutifrons carried on average 16.9 ± 6.9 eggs·sac−1, ranging between 10.8 ± 5.7 and 30.8 ± 7.4 eggs·sac−1. Estimated EPRs ranged from 6.3 ± 3.4 to 13.6 ± 4.2 eggs·female−1·day−1, with mean weight‐specific egg production rates of 0.06 ± 0.04 and 0.17 ± 0.08 per day. Euterpina acutifrons was not directly influenced by SACW intrusions, but body length and clutch size were positively related to temperature and chlorophyll content. Egg hatching time was clearly dependent on water temperature, as a 2 °C increase resulted in a decrease of 15 h in egg hatching time. This shows that even a small variation in temperature may considerably affect E. acutifrons population dynamics. Reproductive traits of this pelagic harpacticoid seem, therefore, to be controlled by the trade‐offs between increased food supply and the metabolic demands at low temperatures associated with SACW bottom intrusions toward this coastal area.
Comment on “Parent body depth‐pressure‐temperature relationships and the style of the ureilite anatexis” by P. H. Warren (MAPS 47:209–227)
Authors: Goodrich Cyrena Anne , Wilson Lionel , Van Orman James A. , Michel Patrick 
Published: June 2013

AbstractUreilites are carbon‐rich ultramafic (olivine + dominantly low‐Ca pyroxene) achondrites with poorly understood petrogenesis. One major problem concerns the origin of extensive variation in FeO content (olivine core Fo values ranging from approximately 75 to 95) among the individual ureilites. The two main competing hypotheses to explain this variation are: (1) equilibrium smelting, in which ureilite Fo values were established by pressure‐dependent (depth‐linked) carbon redox reactions on the ureilite parent body during partial melting; or (2) nebular inheritance, in which the variation in FeO contents was derived from ureilite precursors and was preserved during partial melting. The paper “Parent body depth‐pressure‐temperature relationships and the style of the ureilite anatexis” by Warren (2012) discusses a series of topics related to ureilite petrogenesis. In each case, an argument is presented within the context of smelting versus nonsmelting models. Collectively, these arguments create the impression that there are many valid arguments against smelting. The purpose of this comment is to point out flaws in some of these arguments, and/or to show that the issues they address are independent of smelting versus nonsmelting models. Both equilibrium smelting and nebular inheritance (simple anatexis) models face challenges in explaining all the properties of ureilites, but both remain viable.
Treatment failure in automated peritoneal dialysis and double‐bag continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Katavetin Pisut , Theerasin Yuwadee , Treamtrakanpon Worapot , Saiprasertkit Nalinee , Kanjanabuch Talerngsak 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimAutomated peritoneal dialysis (APD) and double‐bag continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) are the two current standard modalities of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Outcomes of these two modalities have not been well described.MethodsA single‐centre, retrospective review was carried out to compare the treatment failure rate of APD and double‐bag CAPD. Treatment failure was a combined endpoint including death and technique failure. Cox regression was used to compare risk (hazard ratio, HR) of treatment failure in APD and CAPD.ResultsThere were 121 patients included in this study, 55 with APD and 66 with CAPD. APD patients had significantly lower risk of treatment failure (death and technique failure) than CAPD patients (HR 0.58, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.37–0.91, P = 0.02). The lower risk of treatment failure in APD compared to CAPD was mainly caused by the significantly lower risk of technique failure (HR 0.30, 95%CI: 0.10–0.93, P = 0.04). The mortality rates of the two modalities were not significantly different (HR 0.69, 95%CI: 0.42–1.12, P = 0.13).ConclusionOur data suggest that APD may have lower risk of treatment failure compared with double‐bag CAPD. These potential benefits of APD might justify the use of this modality despite its higher cost.
Clinical and pathologic characteristics of hereditary apolipoprotein A‐I amyloidosis in Ireland
Authors: Traynor Carol A , Tighe Donal , O'Brien Frank J , Leavey Sean F , Dorman Anthony M , Denton Mark D , Magee Colm , Conlon Peter J 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimApolipoprotein A‐I amyloidosis is a rare, autosomal dominant disorder characterized by progressive accumulation of amyloid fibrils in tissues, leading to renal and hepatic disease. We describe the clinical manifestations and pathologic features of kidney disease in three Irish families.MethodsThis observational study examines all known cases of chronic kidney disease due to hereditary apolipoprotein A‐I amyloidosis in Ireland. Patients were identified by physician interview. In all of the affected individuals the disease was caused by the Gly26Arg heterozygous mutation. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that amyloid deposits were composed of apolipoprotein A‐I fibrils. Family trees and clinical data were obtained via analysis of patient medical records.ResultsThe vast majority of affected cases had demonstrable kidney disease, with variable liver disease. Renal disease most commonly manifested as slowly progressive renal impairment with mild proteinuria. In one kindred, a severe, debilitating peripheral neuropathy was common among affected family members. Histology demonstrated tubulointerstitial fibrosis with amyloid deposition in the medulla. There was very high penetrance within affected families. Of five patients who were transplanted, one transplant was lost after 5 years due to recurrent disease. One patient died from sepsis shortly after transplant.ConclusionHereditary apolipoprotein A‐I amyloidosis is characterized by slowly progressive renal disease. Amyloid is deposited in the renal medulla highlighting the need to examine the medulla on renal biopsy. Overall, kidney transplantation conferred a survival advantage.
Efficacy of a group‐based parenting program on stress and self‐efficacy amongJapanese mothers: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Kendall Sally , Bloomfield Linda , Appleton Jane , Kitaoka Kazuyo 
Published: June 2013

AbstractEarly child development and the impact of parenting on later life are of global concern. The rise in child abuse and maltreatment inJapan suggests that measures to increase self‐efficacy and reduce stress would benefitJapanese parents. In this study, we explored ifJapanese parents attending a 123Magic parenting program reported reduced stress and enhanced self‐efficacy. Questionnaire data were collected from 49 mothers attending a parenting program conducted in public nursery schools in one prefecture inJapan. There were significant changes in parenting self‐efficacy scores (P < 0.001) and parenting stress scores (P < 0.01). Focus groups with 16 parents also found that there were benefits to parents in terms of increased confidence and less stress. The findings provide support for the role of public health nurses in delivering group‐based parenting support inJapan.
Effects of short‐chain fatty acids on Actinomyces naeslundii biofilm formation
Authors: Yoneda S. , Kawarai T. , Narisawa N. , Tuna E.B. , Sato N. , Tsugane T. , Saeki Y. , Ochiai K. , Senpuku H. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryActinomyces naeslundii is an early colonizer and has important roles in the development of the oral biofilm. Short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA) are secreted extracellularly as a product of metabolism by gram‐negative anaerobes, e.g. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum; and the SCFA may affect biofilm development with interaction between A. naeslundii and gram‐negative bacteria. Our aim was to investigate the effects of SCFA on biofilm formation by A. naeslundii and to determine the mechanism. We used the biofilm formation assay in 96‐well microtiter plates in tryptic soy broth without dextrose and with 0.25% sucrose using safranin stain of the biofilm monitoring 492 nm absorbance. To determine the mechanism by SCFA, the production of chaperones and stress‐response proteins (GrpE and GroEL) in biofilm formation was examined using Western blot fluorescence activity with GrpE and GroEL antibodies. Adding butyric acid (6.25 mm) 0, 6 and 10 h after beginning culture significantly increased biofilm formation by A. naeslundii, and upregulation was observed at 16 h. Upregulation was also observed using appropriate concentrations of other SCFA. In the upregulated biofilm, production of GrpE and GroEL was higher where membrane‐damaged or dead cells were also observed. The upregulated biofilm was significantly reduced by addition of anti‐GroEL antibody. The data suggest biofilm formation by A. naeslundii was upregulated dependent on the production of stress proteins, and addition of SCFA increased membrane‐damaged or dead cells. Production of GroEL may physically play an important role in biofilm development.
Refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia after intestinal transplant responding to conversion from a calcineurin to mTOR inhibitor
Authors: Acquazzino Melissa A. , Fischer Ryan T. , Langnas Alan , Coulter Don W. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAIHA is a rare and serious complication of solid organ transplantation. Herein, we report four cases of warm or mixed AIHA in pediatric patients following combined liver, small bowel and pancreas transplant. The hemolysis was refractory to multiple treatment modalities including steroids, rituximab, IVIG, plasmapheresis, cytoxan, discontinuation of prophylactic penicillin, and a change in immunosuppression from tacrolimus to cyclosporine. All patients had resolution or marked improvement of hemolysis after discontinuation of maintenance of CNI and initiation of sirolimus immunosuppression. One patient developed nephrotic syndrome but responded to a change in immunosuppression to everolimus. Three of the four patients continue on immunosuppression with sirolimus or everolimus without further hemolysis, evidence of rejection or medication side effects. Based on our experience and review of similar cases in the literature, we have proposed a treatment algorithm for AIHA in the pediatric intestinal transplant patient population that recommends an early change in immunosuppressive regimen from CNIs to sirolimus therapy.
Association of Birth Length and Risk of Hospitalisation among Full‐term Babies in Japan
Authors: Kato Tsuguhiko , Yorifuji Takashi , Inoue Sachiko , Doi Hiroyuki , Kawachi Ichiro 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundBarker's fetal programming hypothesis suggests that disproportionate size at birth may have a lifelong impact on one's health. However, the literature on birth length is considerably more sparse compared with birthweight. We, therefore, examined the relationship between birth length and hospitalisation early in life among Japanese children.MethodsWe used the nationwide Longitudinal Survey of Babies in 21st Century and restricted the study subjects to full‐term singleton babies (n = 44 057). We estimated the effects of birth length and birthweight on the risk of hospitalisation using log linear regression models. We controlled for a set of neonatal and maternal factors.ResultsBirth length was associated with the chance of hospitalisation due to all causes between 6 and 18 months of age. In addition, the association was stronger than that with birthweight. Adjusted risk ratios showed that the relationship between birth length and hospitalisation was U‐shaped: 1.16 [95% confidence intervals, 1.08, 1.25] at 30–48 cm, 1 [Reference] at 49 cm, 1.13 [1.04, 1.22] at 50 cm, and 1.11 [1.02, 1.20] at 51–60 cm. Short babies with low or high weight, as well as long babies with low weight, seem to be at increased risk of hospitalisation.ConclusionsWe found a U‐shaped relationship between birth length and risk of hospitalisation due to all causes during the period from 6 to 18 months.
The Impact of a Child's Special Health Care Needs on Maternal Work Participation during Early Motherhood
Authors: Hauge Lars Johan , Kornstad Tom , Nes Ragnhild Bang , Kristensen Petter , Irgens Lorentz M. , Eskedal Leif T. , Landolt Markus A. , Vollrath Margarete E. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundMany women temporarily reduce work hours or stop working when caring for small children. However, mothers of children with special health care needs may face particular challenges balancing childrearing responsibilities and employment demands. This study examines how the work participation among mothers of children with special health care needs compares with that of mothers in general during early motherhood, focusing in particular on the extent of the child's additional health care needs.MethodsBy linkage of the population‐based Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study with national registers on employment, child health care needs, and social background factors, 41 255 mothers employed prior to childbirth were followed until child age 3 years to investigate associations between the child's care needs and mother's dropping out of employment.ResultsIn total, 16.3% of the formerly employed mothers were no longer employed at child age 3 years. Mothers of children with mild care needs did not differ from mothers in general, whereas mothers of children with moderate [Risk Ratio (RR) 1.45; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17, 1.80] and severe care needs [RR 2.19; 95% CI 1.67, 2.87] were at substantial risk of not being employed at follow‐up. The impact of the child's health care needs remained strong also after adjusting for several factors associated with employment in general.ConclusionsExtensive childhood health care needs are associated with reduced short‐term employment prospects and remain a substantial influence on mothers' work participation during early motherhood, irrespective of other important characteristics associated with maternal employment.
Insights, attitudes and perceptions about asthma and its treatment: Findings from a multinational survey of patients from 8 Asia‐Pacific countries and Hong Kong
Authors: Thompson Philip J. , Salvi Sundeep , Lin Jiangtao , Cho Young Joo , Eng Philip , Abdul Manap Roslina , Boonsawat Watchara , Hsu Jeng‐Yuan , Faruqi Rab A. , Moreno‐Cantu Jorge J. , Fish James E. , Ho James Chung‐Man 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackground and objectiveThe Asthma Insight and Management (AIM) survey was conducted in North America, Europe, the Asia‐Pacific region and Latin America to characterize patients’ insights, attitudes and perceptions about their asthma and its treatment. We report findings from the Asia‐Pacific survey.MethodsAsthma patients (≥12 years) from Australia, China, Hong Kong, India, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan and Thailand were surveyed. Patients answered 53 questions exploring general health, diagnosis/history, symptoms, exacerbations, patient burden, disease management, medications/treatments and patient's attitudes. The Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines were used to assess asthma control. The survey was conducted by random digit telephone dialling (Australia, China and Hong Kong) or by random face‐to‐face interviews (India, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan and Thailand).ResultsThere were 80 761 households screened. Data from 3630 patients were collected. Wide disparity existed between objective measures of control and patient perception. Reported exacerbations during the previous year ranged from 19% (Hong Kong) to 67% (India). Reported unscheduled urgent/emergency visits to a doctor's office/hospital/clinic in the previous year ranged from 15% (Hong Kong) to 46% (Taiwan). Patients who reported having controlled asthma in the previous month ranged from 27% (South Korea) to 84% (Taiwan). Substantial functional and emotional limitations due to asthma were identified by 13% (South Korea) to 78% (India) of patients.ConclusionsAsthma has a profound impact on patients’ well‐being despite the availability of effective treatments and evidence‐based management guidelines. Substantial differences across the surveyed countries exist, suggesting unmet, country‐specific cultural and educational needs. A large proportion of asthma patients overestimate their level of control.
Spatial Comparisons of Poverty and Inequality in Living Standards in Malawi
Authors: Mussa Richard 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe paper looks at poverty and inequality across areas in Malawi. The focus is on both monetary (consumption) and non‐monetary (health and education) dimensions of well‐being. Stochastic poverty dominance tests show that rural areas are poorer in the three dimensions regardless of poverty line chosen. Stochastic inequality dominance tests find that the north and south dominate the centre in health inequality, and there is no dominance between the north and south. With respect to education inequality, dominance is declared for the south‐centre pair only. A subgroup decomposition analysis finds that the south contributes the most to consumption and education poverty, while the centre is the largest contributor to health poverty. We establish that within‐area inequalities (vertical inequalities) rather than between‐area inequalities (horizontal inequalities) are the major driver of consumption, health and education inequality in Malawi.
How to Select Representative Samples
Authors: Grafström Anton , Schelin Lina 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTWe give a formal definition of a representative sample, but roughly speaking, it is a scaled‐down version of the population, capturing its characteristics. New methods for selecting representative probability samples in the presence of auxiliary variables are introduced. Representative samples are needed for multipurpose surveys, when several target variables are of interest. Such samples also enable estimation of parameters in subspaces and improved estimation of target variable distributions. We describe how two recently proposed sampling designs can be used to produce representative samples. Both designs use distance between population units when producing a sample. We propose a distance function that can calculate distances between units in general auxiliary spaces. We also propose a variance estimator for the commonly used Horvitz–Thompson estimator. Real data as well as illustrative examples show that representative samples are obtained and that the variance of the Horvitz–Thompson estimator is reduced compared with simple random sampling.
The Missing‐Desires Objection to Hybrid Theories of Well‐Being
Authors: Lauinger William 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMany philosophers have claimed that we might do well to adopt a hybrid theory of well‐being: a theory that incorporates both an objective‐value constraint and a pro‐attitude constraint. Hybrid theories are attractive for two main reasons. First, unlike desire theories of well‐being, hybrid theories need not worry about the problem of defective desires. This is so because, unlike desire theories, hybrid theories place an objective‐value constraint on well‐being. Second, unlike objectivist theories of well‐being, hybrid theories need not worry about being overly alienating. This is so because, unlike objectivist theories, hybrid theories place a pro‐attitude constraint on well‐being. However, from the point of view of objectivists, hybrid theories are not objectivist enough, and this can be seen clearly in missing‐desires cases. For instance, hybrid theories entail that, if someone lacks the desire for health, then health is not a component of her well‐being. This, objectivists say, is implausible. It is obvious, objectivists say, that someone's life goes better for herself inasmuch as she is healthy, and, hence, that health is a component of her welfare. This paper focuses on the missing‐desires objection (as leveled by objectivists) to hybrid theories of well‐being. My argument is that the missing‐desires objection can be answered in a way that is generally convincing and, in particular, in a way that pays a good deal of respect to objectivist intuitions about well‐being. My hope, then, is that this paper will help to persuade objectivists about well‐being to become hybrid theorists.
Developmental Trajectories of Sympathy, Moral Emotion Attributions, and Moral Reasoning: The Role of Parental Support
Authors: Malti Tina , Eisenberg Nancy , Kim Hyunji , Buchmann Marlis 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe examined the role of parental support to children's sympathy, moral emotion attribution, and moral reasoning trajectories in a three‐wave longitudinal study of Swiss children at 6 years of age (N = 175; Time 1), 7 years of age (Time 2), and 9 years of age (Time 3). Sympathy was assessed with self‐report measures. Moral emotion attributions and moral reasoning were measured with children's responses to hypothetical moral transgressions. Parental support was assessed at all assessment points with primary caregiver and child reports. Three trajectory classes of sympathy were identified: high‐stable, average‐increasing, and low‐stable. Moral emotion attributions exhibited high‐stable, increasing, and decreasing trajectories. Moral reasoning displayed high‐stable, increasing, and low‐stable trajectories. Children who were in the high‐stable sympathy group had higher self‐reported support than children in the increasing and low‐stable trajectory groups. Children who were in the high‐stable moral emotion attribution group or the high‐stable moral reasoning group had higher primary caregiver‐reported support than children in the corresponding increasing trajectory groups. Furthermore, children who were members of the high‐stable group in all three moral development variables (i.e., sympathy, moral emotion attribution, and moral reasoning) displayed higher levels of self‐reported parental support than children who were not.
Do Peers Contribute to the Achievement Gap between Vietnamese‐American and Mexican‐American Adolescents?
Authors: Duong Mylien T. , Schwartz David , McCarty Carolyn A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDocumented associations between academic and social functioning have been inconsistent. These discrepancies may reflect the moderating role of sociocultural context. In this study, we examined ethnicity and gender as moderators of this relation. We collected peer nominations, GPA from school records, and self‐report questionnaires for 519 Vietnamese‐American and Mexican‐American middle school students (mean age = 12.7 years). Using general linear modeling, we found that academic and social functioning were more strongly and positively linked for Vietnamese‐Americans relative to Mexican‐Americans, and for girls relative to boys. We also examined group differences in achievement values, and found that Vietnamese‐Americans were more likely to admire and be friends with high‐achieving peers. The results suggest that peers provide one context in which ethnic and gender differences in achievement values emerge, and interventions aimed at reducing the achievement gap may benefit from incorporating a focus on peers.