bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomical results, rebleeding and factors that affect the degree of occlusion in ruptured cerebral aneurysms after endovascular therapy
Authors: Murias Quintana Eduardo , Gil Garcia Alberto , Vega Valdés Pedro , Cuellar Hugo , Meilán Martínez Ángela , Saiz Ayala Antonio , Costilla Garcia Serafin , Escudero Augusto Dolores , Gutierrez Morales Julio Cesar , López García Antonio 
Published: October 2014

ObjectTo present a series of ruptured cerebral aneurysms in consecutive non-selected patients treated with endovascular therapy, analyzing the initial degree of occlusion, its anatomical evolution mid-term and the variables that could statistically affect them.Methods251 aneurysms were first treated with coiling (embolization). 203 patients were followed up with conventional angiography for 6–8 months after the initial treatment and 182 were followed up with three-dimensional time of flight MR angiography at18–24 months. Postoperative and mid-term anatomical results were evaluated anonymously and independently using the modified Montreal Scale.ResultsThe initial rate of complete occlusion was 70.9%, with rates of neck remnants and aneurysm remants of 18.3% and 10.7%, respectively. The recurrence rate was 13% after 6 months and 2% between 6 months and 2 years. The rate of retreatment was 11%. Statistically, the variables that were found to be related to the initial degree of occlusion were the use of a remodeling balloon technique (p=0.012), the size of the aneurysm neck (p=0.044) and the size of the aneurysm (p=0.004). The recanalization rate at mid-term depended on the size of the aneurysm. Although aneurysms with partial occlusion initially tended to evolve to a worse degree of closure than those with complete occlusion initially, the relationship was not statistically significant (p=0.110).ConclusionsEmbolized aneurysms can develop a worse degree of closure even when the initial occlusion is complete. The degree of occlusion depends directly on morphological factors and the use of balloon-assisted techniques. The recanalization rate at mid-term depends on the size of the aneurysm and probably on the density of the packing achieved with the initial treatment.
Statistical Properties of Lorenz-like Flows, Recent Developments and Perspectives
Authors: Araujo Vitor , Galatolo Stefano , Pacifico Maria José 
Published: October 2014

We comment on the mathematical results about the statistical behavior of Lorenz equations and its attractor, and more generally on the class of singular hyperbolic systems. The mathematical theory of such kind of systems turned out to be surprisingly difficult. It is remarkable that a rigorous proof of the existence of the Lorenz attractor was presented only around the year 2000 with a computer-assisted proof together with an extension of the hyperbolic theory developed to encompass attractors robustly containing equilibria. We present some of the main results on the statistical behavior of such systems. We show that for attractors of three-dimensional flows, robust chaotic behavior is equivalent to the existence of certain hyperbolic structures, known as singular-hyperbolicity. These structures, in turn, are associated with the existence of physical measures: in low dimensions, robust chaotic behavior for flows ensures the existence of a physical measure. We then give more details on recent results on the dynamics of singular-hyperbolic (Lorenz-like) attractors: (1) there exists an invariant foliation whose leaves are forward contracted by the flow (and further properties which are useful to understand the statistical properties of the dynamics); (2) there exists a positive Lyapunov exponent at every orbit; (3) there is a unique physical measure whose support is the whole attractor and which is the equilibrium state with respect to the center-unstable Jacobian; (4) this measure is exact dimensional; (5) the induced measure on a suitable family of cross-sections has exponential decay of correlations for Lipschitz observables with respect to a suitable Poincaré return time map; (6) the hitting time associated to Lorenz-like attractors satisfy a logarithm law; (7) the geometric Lorenz flow satisfies the Almost Sure Invariance Principle (ASIP) and the Central Limit Theorem (CLT); (8) the rate of decay of large deviations for the volume measure on the ergodic basin of a geometric Lorenz attractor is exponential; (9) a class of geometric Lorenz flows exhibits robust exponential decay of correlations; (10) all geometric Lorenz flows are rapidly mixing and their time-1 map satisfies both ASIP and CLT.
Lung Cancer Incidence Trends by Histology Type among Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander Populations in the United States, 1990–2010
Authors: Cheng Iona , Le Gem M. , Noone Anne-Michelle , Gali Kathleen , Patel Manali , Haile Robert W. , Wakelee Heather A. , Gomez Scarlett L. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackground: Lung cancer is one of the leading cancer sites diagnosed among Asian Americans, Pacific Islanders, and Native Hawaiians (AANHPI). To better understand the patterns of lung cancer incidence among AANHPIs, we examined the incidence trends of five histologic cell types of lung cancer across ten AANHPI populations in comparison with non-Hispanic Whites.Methods: Lung cancer incidence data from 1990 through 2010 were obtained from 13 U.S. population-based cancer registries. Age-adjusted histologic cell-type–specific incidence rates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Joinpoint regression models and annual percentage change (APC) statistics were used to characterize the magnitude and direction of trends.Results: From 1990 through 2010, incidence rates of adenocarcinoma increased significantly for Filipino and Korean women with a 2.6% and 3.0% annual percentage increase, respectively. More recently, a significant rise in the incidence of adenocarcinoma was observed for Chinese men (1996–2010; APC = 1.3%). Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) increased 2.4% per year among Japanese women. For SCC, small cell lung carcinoma, large cell and other specified carcinoma, and unspecified types, stable or decreasing trends were observed in most AANHPI groups and non-Hispanic Whites.Conclusions: AANHPIs demonstrate a range in the burden of lung cancer across histologies and specific populations.Impact: These findings illustrate the importance of disaggregating AANHPIs into their specific populations. The rise in incidence of adenocarcinoma and SCC among certain AANHPIs demonstrates the need for research into non-tobacco associated risk factors for these populations and targeted efforts for tobacco prevention.See all the articles in this CEBP Focus section, “Cancer in Asian and Pacific Islander Populations.”Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(11); 2250–65. ©2014 AACR.
Cancer Research in Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander Populations: Accelerating Cancer Knowledge by Acknowledging and Leveraging Heterogeneity
Authors: Gomez Scarlett Lin , Glaser Sally L. , Horn-Ross Pamela L. , Cheng Iona , Quach Thu , Clarke Christina A. , Reynolds Peggy , Shariff-Marco Salma , Yang Juan , Lee Marion M. , Satariano William A. , Hsing Ann W. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander population is large, growing, and extremely heterogeneous. Not only do they bear unique burdens of incidence and outcomes for certain cancer types, they exhibit substantial variability in cancer incidence and survival patterns across the ethnic groups. By acknowledging and leveraging this heterogeneity through investing in cancer research within these populations, we have a unique opportunity to accelerate the availability of useful and impactful cancer knowledge.
See all the articles in this CEBP Focus section, “Cancer in Asian and Pacific Islander Populations.”
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(11); 2202–5. ©2014 AACR.
Insights into the Mechanism of Organ-Specific Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Rubin Mark A. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Summary: Lucas and colleagues nominate transmembrane serine protease type II (TMPRSS2) as an important player in the initiation of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in prostate cancer. Cancer cells maintain androgen receptor–regulated cytoplasmic TMPRSS2 expression, which facilitates EMT invasion and metastasis in model systems through hepatocyte growth factor and c-MET signaling. In addition to providing a rationale for potentially targeting this organ-specific enabler of metastatic disease progression, this study also highlights the importance of understanding how organ/tissue–specific genes are co-opted in the context of cancer. Cancer Discov; 4(11); 1262–4. ©2014 AACR.
See related article by Lucas et al., p. 1310
The Immunological Synapse
Authors: Dustin Michael L. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe molecular interactions underlying regulation of the immune response take place in a nanoscale gap between T cells and antigen-presenting cells, termed the immunological synapse. If these interactions are regulated appropriately, the host is defended against a wide range of pathogens and deranged host cells. If these interactions are disregulated, the host is susceptible to pathogens or tumor escape at one extreme and autoimmunity at the other. Strategies targeting the synapse have helped to establish immunotherapy as a mainstream element in cancer treatment. This Masters' primer will cover the basics of the immunological synapse and some of the applications to tumor immunology. Cancer Immunol Res; 2(11); 1023–33. ©2014 AACR.
Increased Plasma S-Adenosylhomocysteine–Accelerated Atherosclerosis Is Associated With Epigenetic Regulation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in apoE
−/−
Mice
Authors: Xiao Yunjun , Huang Wei , Zhang Jinzhou , Peng Chaoqiong , Xia Min , Ling Wenhua 
Published: October 2014

Objective—
S-Adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) is a better predictor of cardiovascular disease than homocysteine is, and it has been implicated in mediating the pathogenicity of hyperhomocysteinemia in atherosclerosis via an epigenetic mechanism. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis whether the effect of SAH on atherosclerosis is involved in epigenetic regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Approach and Results—
A total of 48 apolipoprotein E–deficient mice at 8 weeks were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=12 for each group). The control group was fed a conventional diet, the adenosine dialdehyde group was fed a diet that was supplemented with the SAH hydrolase inhibitor adenosine dialdehyde, and the other 2 groups were intravenously injected with a retrovirus that expressed either SAH hydrolase short hairpin RNA or scrambled short hairpin RNA semiweekly for 16 weeks. Plasma SAH levels and atherosclerotic lesion size were significantly increased in adenosine dialdehyde and SAH hydrolase short hairpin RNA groups when compared with control group. Expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress markers glucose-regulated protein-78 and CEBP-homologous protein was significantly increased in the mice with elevated plasma SAH levels. Moreover, plasma SAH was negatively associated with a decrease in the expression of trimethylated histone H3 lysine 9 and histone methyltransferases. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed a significant decrease in trimethylated histone H3 lysine 9 occupancy at the glucose-regulated protein-78 and CEBP-homologous protein promoters in mice treated with adenosine dialdehyde and SAH hydrolase short hairpin RNA when compared with control mice.

Conclusions—
Our results suggest that elevated plasma SAH levels–accelerated atherosclerosis was associated with the activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress via modulation of histone methylation.
Fractalkine Promotes Human Monocyte Survival via a Reduction in Oxidative Stress
Authors: White Gemma E. , McNeill Eileen , Channon Keith M. , Greaves David R. 
Published: October 2014

Objective—
The CX3C chemokine fractalkine (CX3CL1) has a critical role in the development of atherogenesis because apolipoprotein-E–deficient mice lacking CX3CL1 or its receptor CX3CR1 develop smaller plaques and polymorphisms in CX3CR1 are associated with altered risk of cardiovascular disease. CX3CR1 is found on numerous cell types involved in atherogenesis but seems to have a key role in monocyte function. We aimed to elucidate the role of CX3CL1 in human monocyte survival and determine the mechanism by which CX3CL1 spares monocytes from apoptosis.

Approach and Results—
Primary human monocytes were prepared from healthy donors and subjected to serum-starvation to induce spontaneous apoptosis. The addition of CX3CL1, but not other chemokines tested, promoted monocyte survival in a dose-dependent manner with full-length CX3CL1 (including the mucin stalk) having a more potent antiapoptotic effect than chemokine-domain CX3CL1. The prosurvival effect of CX3CL1 was evident in both monocyte subsets although nonclassical monocytes were more prone to spontaneous apoptosis. In addition, we found that the effect of CX3CL1 was independent of CX3CR1 genotype. Serum-starvation increased the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species, and this was reduced by the addition of CX3CL1. Inhibition of oxidative stress with an antioxidant prevented monocyte apoptosis, indicating that this is the dominant mechanism of cell death targeted by CX3CL1.

Conclusions—
CX3CL1 has a substantial and highly reproducible antiapoptotic effect on human monocytes, via a mechanism involving a reduction in oxidative stress. This suggests that CX3CL1 is likely to play a key role in human atherogenesis and may provide a novel therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease.
Taste and Olfaction in Middle Ear Surgery
Authors: Ciofalo Andrea , Zambetti Giampietro , Romeo Martina , Vestri Anna Rita , Iannella Giannicola , Re Massimo , Magliulo Giuseppe 
Published: October 2014

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess pre- and postoperative taste ability in patients undergoing middle ear surgery for otosclerosis or chronic otitis media. Olfactory function was also evaluated to rule out taste deficits due to concomitant nasal pathology. Methods: All patients underwent ear, nose, and throat examination, otomicroscopy, nasal endoscopy, anterior rhinomanometry, taste testing, and olfactory testing. Patients were evaluated at 1 to 5 days preoperatively (T0), and at 1 (T1), 6 (T6), and 12 (T12) months postoperatively. Results: Both groups of patients experienced worsening of the mean taste threshold postoperatively. This phenomenon was more serious in poststapedotomy patients. Follow-up showed progressive improvement in both groups. All values of olfactory testing were within the normal range for otosclerosis patients. Patients with chronic otitis media showed variable postoperative findings. Conclusion: Chorda tympani function can be negatively affected by middle ear surgery. Deficits may be more marked in stapedotomy patients than in those undergoing tympanoplasty. Postoperative recovery of taste is satisfactory, although with different timelines for the 2 types of pathology.
Efficacy and Safety of Semicircular Canal Occlusion for Intractable Horizontal Semicircular Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
Authors: Zhu Qiubei , Liu Chang , Lin Cheng , Chen Xian , Liu Tao , Lin Shunzhang , Fan Jingping 
Published: October 2014

Background: Some studies have suggested that semicircular canal occlusion is effective and safe for treating intractable posterior semicircular benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (PSC-BPPV), and adverse effects of canal occlusions for intractable horizontal semicircular BPPV (HSC-BPPV) were rarely reported. The aim of this study was to retrospectively discuss the efficacy of semicircular canal occlusion for intractable HSC-BPPV with at least 2 years of follow-up. Methods: From 2000 to 2011, 3 female patients (average age = 60 ± 6.9 years), with a diagnosis of HSC-BPPV refractory to head-shake and barbecue roll maneuver, underwent semicircular canal occlusion treatment in our hospital. The supine roll test was performed to diagnose HSC-BPPV and evaluate the treatment efficacy. Results: All patients with intractable HSC-BPPV had complete resolution of their positional vertigo after semicircular canal occlusion with a negative supine roll test. All patients reported transient postoperative disequilibrium, nausea, and vomiting, which resolved within 2 weeks. In addition, 1 patient (33.3%) had transient tinnitus, which resolved after 4 months. There were no other significant long-term complications. Conclusion: Semicircular canal occlusion appears to be a safe and well-tolerated treatment modality for intractable HSC-BPPV. However, further studies with large sample sizes are needed to confirm our conclusion.
Betahistine Exacerbates Amikacin Ototoxicity
Authors: Aksoy Fadlullah , Dogan Remzi , Ozturan Orhan , Yildirim Yavuz Selim , Veyseller Bayram , Yenigun Alper , Ozturk Burak 
Published: October 2014

Objective: Betahistine augments cochlear blood flow and is currently used as an efficient therapeutic agent. Amikacin is used in a wide range of areas, but its ototoxic effect continues to be problematic. This study investigates the effect of betahistine on amikacin-induced ototoxicity. Methods: Thirty-two healthy rats were randomized to 4 groups of 8 rats in each group (amikacin, amikacin + betahistine, betahistine, and no treatment). Amikacin was administered intramuscularly to groups 1 and 2 for 14 days. Betahistine was delivered by oral gavage to groups 2 and 3 for 21 days. Distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) and auditory brainstem response (ABR) tests were conducted on all rats. Results: There were significant decreases in the DPOAE levels and significant increases in the ABR thresholds of the amikacin and amikacin + betahistine groups on the 7th, 14th, and 21st days, as compared to their basal values. The DPOAE levels of the amikacin + betahistine group significantly decreased on days 7, 14, and 21, and the ABR thresholds significantly increased on the same days, as compared to the amikacin group. Conclusion: Our study implies that amikacin’s ototoxic effects are augmented by the concurrent use of betahistine. Experimental and clinical research, supported by histopathological studies, is needed to affirm our findings.
The Ability of the 10-Item Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) to Predict Aspiration Risk in Persons With Dysphagia
Authors: Cheney Diane M. , Siddiqui M. Tausif , Litts Juliana K. , Kuhn Maggie A. , Belafsky Peter C. 
Published: October 2014

Background: Dysphagia is common and costly. The ability of patient symptoms to predict objective swallowing dysfunction is uncertain. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the ability of the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) to screen for aspiration risk in patients with dysphagia. Methods: Data from individuals with dysphagia undergoing a videofluoroscopic swallow study between January 2012 and July 2013 were abstracted from a clinical database. Data included the EAT-10, Penetration Aspiration Scale (PAS), total pharyngeal transit (TPT) time, and underlying diagnoses. Bivariate linear correlation analysis, sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were calculated. Results: The mean age of the entire cohort (N = 360) was 64.40 (± 14.75) years. Forty-six percent were female. The mean EAT-10 was 16.08 (± 10.25) for nonaspirators and 23.16 (± 10.88) for aspirators ( P < .0001). There was a linear correlation between the total EAT-10 score and the PAS ( r = 0.273, P < .001). Sensitivity and specificity of an EAT-10 > 15 in predicting aspiration were 71% and 53%, respectively. Conclusion: Subjective dysphagia symptoms as documented with the EAT-10 can predict aspiration risk. A linear correlation exists between the EAT-10 and aspiration events (PAS) and aspiration risk (TPT time). Persons with an EAT-10 > 15 are 2.2 times more likely to aspirate (95% confidence interval, 1.3907-3.6245). The sensitivity of an EAT-10 > 15 is 71%.
Coil optimization for low-field MRI: a dedicated process for small animal preclinical studies
Authors: Feuillet T , Seurin M-J , Leveneur O , Viguier E , Beuf O 
Published: October 2014

We demonstrate a method for the fast in vivo quantification of small volumes, down to 25 µL, using low-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) coils. The coils were designed so as to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the images. For this we developed an analytical model for describing the variations of the SNR with coil design and with size/shape suited to the object under observation. Based on the conclusions drawn from the model, the coil parameters were chosen in order to reach an SNR close to the maximum. For the validation of the model, coils were finally characterized in terms of quality factor using saline phantoms. The coil design procedure is illustrated here with two examples: first, the quantification of about 200 µL of intradermal injected gel on rabbits with a single loop surface coil and second, the imaging of the intervertebral disks in rat tails using a small volume coil to detect possible lesions. Such studies would not have been feasible for the clinical low-field MRI system at our disposal using any of the commercially available medium-sized manufactured coils. As a result of this simple optimization procedure, a wide range of applications is accessible even at low magnetic fields, leading to new opportunities for low-cost, though efficient, preclinical studies.
Ubiquitous Aspirin: A Systematic Review of Its Impact on Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Kyle Meghann Elizabeth , Wang James C. , Shin Jennifer J. 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveThis systematic review evaluates the impact of aspirin on audiometric outcomes with respect to: (1) doses exceeding 325 mg daily, (2) doses of 325 mg daily or less, (3) studies applicable to the general populace, and (4) studies applicable to those with inflammatory conditions. It also assesses the impact of aspirin on (a) self‐reported hearing loss, (b) noise‐induced audiometric changes, and (c) the adverse otological effects of aminoglycoside therapy.Data SourcesComputerized searches of MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases were performed, updated through January 2014, and supplemented by manual searches and inquiries to topic experts.Review MethodsA systematic review was performed according to an a priori protocol. Data extraction was performed by 2 independent parties and focused on relevant audiological measurements, potential confounders, and study design elements associated with risk of bias, including utilization of randomization, prospective/retrospective data collection, and incorporation of blinding.ResultsThe 37 criterion‐meeting studies included a combined total of 185,155 participants. Aspirin ingestion ≥1.95 g/d was associated with worse audiometric results (4‐112 dB threshold shift); the effect was dose dependent and reversible in the short term. There were no audiometric data that confirm that long‐term doses of 81 mg or 325 mg daily have no hearing consequences. Paradoxically, aspirin (in doses shown to be detrimental in isolation) had a protective effect when co‐administered with intravenous gentamicin.ConclusionsWith the large‐scale population utilization of aspirin for cardiovascular prophylaxis, the potential risks to hearing health should be considered for future longitudinal study, particularly given that short‐term effects may be reversible.