bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Familles et Institutions : Une Alliance Thérapeutique S’appuyant Sur les Compétences. L’intérêt D’une Lecture Systémique
Authors: Cabié M.-C. 
Published: November 2013

Des études récentes ont montré l’intérêt d’une alliance thérapeutique avec les familles des patients pour augmenter la compliance, diminuer le nombre d’hospitalisations… Une lecture systémique permet de distinguer les niveaux à prendre en compte, L’organisation de rencontres avec les proches en est un : qui inviter ? Qui doit mener l’entretien ? L’objet de ces rencontres est-il le recueil d’informations, la construction du projet de soins, la thérapie de la famille ? Comment faire en sorte que le patient reste l’acteur principal dans la construction de son projet de soins et sa mise en œuvre ? les groupes de familles peuvent être complémentaires de ces rencontres autour d’un patient. Il est important d’en préciser les objectifs et les modalités de fonctionnement. Mais au-delà de ces rencontres, les échanges informels des proches avec les équipes ont au moins autant d’importance. Par exemple, quel message adressons-nous à une famille en souffrance lorsque nous interdisons les visites tout en affirmant notre souhait de travailler avec elles ? Une réflexion sur le fonctionnement institutionnel s’impose. Si la spirale vertueuse de l’alliance ne s’enclenche pas, quelles stratégies pour sortir de l’impasse ? Après une présentation d’une lecture systémique des interactions entre familles et institutions, nous donnerons des pistes afin de répondre à ces différentes questions. La présentation théorique s’appuiera sur un powerpoint et des exemples cliniques.
Intérêt de l’adjonction de l’hormone thyroïdienne triiodotyronine (T3) aux antidépresseurs dans le traitement de la dépression : revue de la littérature
Authors: Larrieu P. , Olivier F. , Hanrot A. 
Published: November 2013

Depuis près d’un demi-siècle, un grand nombre d’études scientifiques ont permis d’approfondir les connaissances sur les liens existant entre anomalies de la concentration des hormones thyroïdiennes et les maladies psychiatriques. Aujourd’hui, il est démontré chez l’animal que l’administration de tri-iodothyronine (T3) augmente les taux cérébraux de sérotonine et qu’un état d’hypothyroïdie est associé à une diminution de la synthèse sérotoninergique. Chez l’Homme, il existe des preuves indirectes qu’une hypothyroïdie entraîne une hyposérotoninergie cérébrale, corrigée par traitement hormonal substitutif avec amélioration clinique. L’Agence américaine de psychiatrie recommande l’administration de la T3 en traitement adjuvant aux antidépresseurs comme alternative dans la dépression résistante. À travers une revue de littérature utilisant les bases de données Pubmed/Medline et Cochrane, nous faisons le point sur les travaux ayant étudié l’intérêt de l’administration de la T3, d’une part, en co-introduction avec un inhibiteur sélectif de la recapture de la sérotonine (ISRS) ou un tricyclique en traitement de première ligne d’une dépression unipolaire ; d’autre part, en adjonction secondaire à un ISRS ou à un tricyclique dans la dépression résistante. les résultats suggèrent une efficacité de l’administration de la T3 dans le traitement de première ligne en association aux tricycliques et dans le traitement de deuxième ligne en association à la fois aux tricycliques ou aux ISRS. L’efficacité n’a pas été démontrée pour l’association de première ligne T3 + ISRS. Le nombre d’études à haut niveau de preuve reste cependant très faible, avec notamment aucune étude en double aveugle étudiant l’adjonction de la T3 aux ISRS en traitement de deuxième ligne.
An 1H‐MRS framework predicts the onset of Alzheimer's disease symptoms in PSEN1 mutation carriers
Authors: Londono Ana C. , Castellanos Francisco X. , Arbelaez Andres , Ruiz Adriana , Aguirre‐Acevedo Daniel C. , Richardson Alice M. , Easteal Simon , Lidbury Brett A. , Arcos‐Burgos Mauricio , Lopera Francisco 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia; the main risk factors are age and several recently identified genes. A major challenge for AD research is the early detection of subjects at risk. The aim of this study is to develop a predictive model using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS), a noninvasive technique that evaluates brain chemistry in vivo, for monitoring the clinical outcome of carriers of a fully penetrant mutation that causes AD.MethodsWe studied 75 subjects from the largest multigenerational pedigree in the world (∼5000 people) that segregates a unique form of early‐onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) caused by a fully penetrant mutation in the Presenilin‐1 gene (PSEN1 p.Glu280Ala [E280 A]). Forty‐four subjects were carriers of the mutation, and 31 were noncarriers. Seventeen carriers had either mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or early‐stage AD (collectively MCI‐AD). In right and left parietal white mater and parasagittal parietal gray matter (RPPGM and LPPGM) of the posterior cingulate gyrus and precuneus, we measured levels of the brain metabolites N‐acetylaspartate (NAA), inositol (Ins), choline (Cho), and glutamate‐glutamine complex (Glx) relative to creatine (Cr) levels (NAA/Cr, Ins/Cr, Cho/Cr, and Glx/Cr, respectively) with two‐dimensional 1H‐MRS. Using advanced recursive partition analysis and random forest analysis, we built classificatory decision trees for both mutation carrier status and the presence of MCI‐AD symptoms, fitting them to 1H‐MRS data while controlling for age, educational level, and sex.ResultsWe found that (1) the combination of LPPGM Cho/Cr <0.165 and RPPGM Glx/Cr >1.54 fully excluded carriers; (2) LPPGM Cho/Cr >0.165, RPPGM Glx/Cr <1.54, and left parietal white mater NAA/Cr >1.16 identified asymptomatic carriers with sensitivity of 97.7% and specificity of 77.4%; and (3) RPPGM NAA/Cr >1.05 defined asymptomatic subjects (independent of carrier status) with sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 96.6%.ConclusionsBrain metabolites measured by 1H‐MRS in the posterior cingulate gyrus and precuneus are optimally sensitive and specific potential noninvasive biomarkers of subclinical emergence of AD caused by the PSEN1 p.Glu280Ala (E280 A) mutation.
Origin of the PSEN1 E280A mutation causing early‐onset Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Lalli Matthew A. , Cox Hannah C. , Arcila Mary L. , Cadavid Liliana , Moreno Sonia , Garcia Gloria , Madrigal Lucia , Reiman Eric M. , Arcos‐Burgos Mauricio , Bedoya Gabriel , Brunkow Mary E. , Glusman Gustavo , Roach Jared C. , Hood Leroy , Kosik Kenneth S. , Lopera Francisco 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundA mutation in presenilin 1 (E280A) causes early‐onset Alzheimer's disease. Understanding the origin of this mutation will inform medical genetics.MethodsWe sequenced the genomes of 102 individuals from Antioquia, Colombia. We applied identity‐by‐descent analysis to identify regions of common ancestry. We estimated the age of the E280A mutation and the local ancestry of the haplotype harboring this mutation.ResultsAll affected individuals share a minimal haplotype of 1.8 Mb containing E280A. We estimate a time to most recent common ancestor of E280A of 10 (95% credible interval, 7.2–12.6) generations. We date the de novo mutation event to 15 (95% credible interval, 11–25) generations ago. We infer a western European geographic origin of the shared haplotype.ConclusionsThe age and geographic origin of E280A are consistent with a single founder dating from the time of the Spanish Conquistadors who began colonizing Colombia during the early 16th century.
Cerebrospinal fluid BACE1 activity and markers of amyloid precursor protein metabolism and axonal degeneration in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Perneczky Robert , Alexopoulos Panagiotis ,   Alzheimer's Disease euroimaging Initiative
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) β‐site amyloid precursor protein (APP)‐cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) activity in relation to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to correlate the enzyme activity with protein markers of APP metabolism and axonal degeneration.MethodsBACE1 activity and protein concentrations were measured and analyzed in 342 participants of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, including 99 normal control, 75 stable mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 87 progressive MCI, and 79 AD dementia cases. All statistical analyses were Bonferroni corrected for multiple comparisons.ResultsNo significant differences between controls and any of the three patient groups were detected for BACE1 activity and soluble APPβ (sAPPβ) concentrations in CSF. Significant correlations with BACE1 activity were found for CSF APPβ and total tau in all four groups and for CSF phosphorylated tau181 in all groups but the progressive MCI group. There were no correlations for CSF amyloid β (Aβ)1‐42 or for plasma Aβ1‐42 and Aβ1‐40.ConclusionsThe consistent correlation between BACE1 activity and sAPPβ supports their role as biomarkers of target engagement in clinical trials on BACE1 inhibition.
Analysis of coprolites from the extinct mountain goat Myotragus balearicus
Authors: Welker Frido , Duijm Elza , van der Gaag Kristiaan J. , van Geel Bas , de Knijff Peter , van Leeuwen Jacqueline , Mol Dick , van der Plicht Johannes , Raes Niels , Reumer Jelle , Gravendeel Barbara 
Published: November 2013

AbstractHumans colonized the Balearic Islands 5–4 ka ago. They arrived in a uniquely adapted ecosystem with the Balearic mountain goat Myotragus balearicus (Bovidae, Antilopinae, Caprini) as the only large mammal. This mammal went extinct rapidly after human arrival. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the extinction of M. balearicus. For the present study ancient DNA analysis (Sanger sequencing, Roche-454, Ion Torrent), and pollen and macrofossil analyses were performed on preserved coprolites from M. balearicus, providing information on its diet and paleo-environment. The information retrieved shows that M. balearicus was heavily dependent on the Balearic box species Buxus balearica during at least part of the year, and that it was most probably a browser. Hindcast ecological niche modelling of B. balearica shows that local distribution of this plant species was affected by climate changes. This suggests that the extinction of M. balearicus can be related to the decline and regional extinction of a plant species that formed a major component of its diet. The vegetation change is thought to be caused by increased aridity occurring throughout the Mediterranean. Previous hypotheses relating the extinction of M. balearicus directly to the arrival of humans on the islands must therefore be adjusted.
Prevalence and Predictors of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Adults One Year Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A Population-based Study
Authors: Barker-Collo Suzanne , Theadom Alice , Ameratunga Shanthi , Jones Kelly , Jones Amy , Starkey Nicola , Feigin Valery L. 
Published: November 2013

Objective: Experiencing a traumatic brain injury (TBI) may increase the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, this has not been examined in a population-based context. This study examined prevalence and predictors (demographic and injury related) of PTSD 1 year after TBI in a population-based sample.Method: A population-based TBI incidence and outcomes study was conducted in Hamilton and Waikato Districts of New Zealand over 12 months (February 2011–March 2012) with follow-up at 1 year. The relationship of baseline demographic and TBI characteristics to PTSD (Post-traumatic Diagnostic Scale; PDS) was examined in 431 adults (>15 years old) 1 year post-TBI.Results: On average, participants reported three PTSD symptoms, with heightened arousal being the most commonly reported. Nearly 18% of participants met criteria for PTSD. These participants were significantly more likely to report pre-TBI history of depression/anxiety, and to have drugs implicated in the injury. Regression indicated that female gender, increased loss of consciousness (LOC) and intentional injury predicted PTSD severity (R2= .109,F[6, 294] = 6.007,p< .001) and number of symptoms (R2= .098,F[3, 297] = 4.562,p< .001).Conclusion: PTSD occurred as a long-term sequela in 18% of participants after TBI, with increased PTSD severity and greater number of symptoms associated with female gender, longer LOC and intentional injury. These findings have implications for identification and targeting of assessment and intervention resources towards those at greatest risk of PTSD following TBI.
Indigenous Theory Building for Māori Children and Adolescents with Traumatic Brain Injury and their Extended Family
Authors: Elder Hinemoa 
Published: November 2013

Background: International research identifies indigeneity as a risk factor for traumatic brain injury (TBI). Aotearoa New Zealand studies show that mokopuna (grandchildren; used here to encompass the ages and stages of infant, child and adolescent development and those in young adulthood) are significantly overrepresented in TBI populations. The important role of whānau (family) is also well established in child and adolescent TBI scholarship. Despite awareness of these factors, no studies have been identified that explore whānau knowledge about mokopuna TBI. The aim of this study was to explore two questions: (1) What do Māori people say about mokopuna TBI in the context of the Māori cultural belief that the head is the most sacred part of the body? and (2) How could this information be used to build theory that could inform addressing the rehabilitation needs of this group?Method: Eighteen marae wānanga (culture-specific fora in traditional meeting houses) were held. The wānanga typically lasted approximately 2 hours. Footage and written transcripts were analysed using Rangahau Kaupapa Māori (Māori indigenous research methods).Results: The wairua theory of mokopuna TBI proposes that TBI not only injures brain anatomy and physiology but also injures wairua (defined here as a unique connection between Māori and all aspects of the universe). Injury to wairua means that culturally determined interventions are both indicated and expected. The wairua theory of mokopuna TBI thereby provides a guide to intervention.Conclusion: A Māori theory of mokopuna TBI has been identified which describes a culture-specific aspect of TBI. This theory proposes that pre-existing whānau knowledge salient to TBI is critical to optimising recovery. Further research is needed to test this theory not only in TBI but also in other areas such as in mental illness, neurodegenerative disease and addiction.
POLICING EPISTEMIC COMMUNITIES
Authors: Bruner Justin P. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractI examine how particular social arrangements and incentive structures encourage the honest reporting of experimental results and minimize fraudulent scientific work. In particular I investigate how epistemic communities can achieve this goal by promoting members to police the community. Using some basic tools from game theory, I explore a simple model in which scientists both conduct research and have the option of investigating the findings of their peers. I find that this system of peer policing can in many cases ensure high levels of honesty.
SCIENTIFIC NETWORKS ON DATA LANDSCAPES: QUESTION DIFFICULTY, EPISTEMIC SUCCESS, AND CONVERGENCE
Authors: Grim Patrick , Singer Daniel J. , Fisher Steven , Bramson Aaron , Berger William J. , Reade Christopher , Flocken Carissa , Sales Adam 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA scientific community can be modeled as a collection of epistemic agents attempting to answer questions, in part by communicating about their hypotheses and results. We can treat the pathways of scientific communication as a network. When we do, it becomes clear that the interaction between the structure of the network and the nature of the question under investigation affects epistemic desiderata, including accuracy and speed to community consensus. Here we build on previous work, both our own and others’, in order to get a firmer grasp on precisely which features of scientific communities interact with which features of scientific questions in order to influence epistemic outcomes.Here we introduce a measure on the landscape meant to capture some aspects of the difficulty of answering an empirical question. We then investigate both how different communication networks affect whether the community finds the best answer and the time it takes for the community to reach consensus on an answer. We measure these two epistemic desiderata on a continuum of networks sampled from the Watts–Strogatz spectrum. It turns out that finding the best answer and reaching consensus exhibit radically different patterns. The time it takes for a community to reach a consensus in these models roughly tracks mean path length in the network. Whether a scientific community finds the best answer, on the other hand, tracks neither mean path length nor clustering coefficient.
Improvement of facial affect recognition in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder under methylphenidate
Authors: Beyer von Morgenstern Sophie , Becker Ingrid , Sinzig Judith 
Published: November 2013

Introduction and HypothesisSome authors draw a connection between the dopaminergic pathways and emotional perception. The present study is based on that association and addresses the question whether methylphenidate and the resulting amelioration of the disturbed dopamine metabolism lead to an improvement of the facial affect recognition abilities in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).MethodsA computer test was conducted on 21 participants, aged 7–14 years and with a diagnosis of ADHD – some with comorbid oppositional defiant disorder – conducted the FEFA (Frankfurt Test and Training of Facial Affect), a computer test to examine their facial affect recognition abilities. It consists of two subtests, one with faces and one with eye pairs. All participants were tested in a double-blind cross-over study, once under placebo and once under methylphenidate.Results and DiscussionThe collected data showed that methylphenidate leads to amelioration of facial affect recognition abilities, but not on a significant level. Reasons for missing significance may be the small sample size or the fact that there exists some overlapping in cerebral connections and metabolic pathways of the site of action of methylphenidate and the affected dopaminergic areas in ADHD. However, consistent with the endophenotype concept, certain gene locations of the dopaminergic metabolism as both an aetiological factor for ADHD and the deficient facial affect recognition abilities with these individuals were considered. Consulting current literature they were found to be not concordant. Therefore, we conclude that the lacking significance of the methylphenidate affect on facial affect recognition is based on this fact.
mRNA Expression of lipogenic enzymes in mammary tissue and fatty acid profile in milk of dairy cows fed flax hulls and infused with flax oil in the abomasum
Authors: Palin Marie-France , Côrtes Cristiano , Benchaar Chaouki , Lacasse Pierre , Petit Hélène V. 
Published: November 2013

In the present study, the effect of flax hulls with or without flax oil bypassing the rumen on the expression of lipogenic genes in the mammary tissue of dairy cows was investigated. A total of eight dairy cows were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. There were four periods of 21 d each and four treatments: control diet with no flax hulls (CONT); diet with 9·88 % flax hulls in the DM (HULL); control diet with 500 g flax oil/d infused in the abomasum (COFO); diet with 9·88 % flax hulls in the DM and 500 g flax oil/d infused in the abomasum (HUFO). A higher mRNA abundance of sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor, fatty acid (FA) synthase, lipoprotein lipase (LPL), PPARγ1, stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase-α was observed in cows fed HULL than in those fed CONT, and HUFO had the opposite effect. Compared with CONT, COFO and HUFO lowered the mRNA abundance of SCD, which may explain the lower proportions of MUFA in milk fat with flax oil infusion. The mRNA abundance of LPL in mammary tissue and proportions of long-chain FA in milk fat were higher in cows fed COFO than in those fed CONT. The highest proportions of trans FA were observed when cows were fed HULL. The present study demonstrates that flax hulls with or without flax oil infusion in the abomasum can affect the expression of lipogenic genes in the mammary tissue of dairy cows, which may contribute to the improvement of milk FA profile.
Metabolic benefits of dietary prebiotics in human subjects: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Kellow Nicole J. , Coughlan Melinda T. , Reid Christopher M. 
Published: November 2013

Complex relationships exist between the gut microflora and their human hosts. Emerging evidence suggests that bacterial dysbiosis within the colon may be involved in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and CVD. The use of dietary prebiotic supplements to restore an optimal balance of intestinal flora may positively affect host metabolism, representing a potential treatment strategy for individuals with cardiometabolic disorders. The present review aimed to examine the current evidence supporting that dietary prebiotic supplementation in adults has beneficial effects on biochemical parameters associated with the development of metabolic abnormalities including obesity, glucose intolerance, dyslipidaemia, hepatic steatosis and low-grade chronic inflammation. Between January 2000 and September 2013, eight computer databases were searched for randomised controlled trials published in English. Human trials were included if at least one group received a dietary prebiotic intervention. In the present review, twenty-six randomised controlled trials involving 831 participants were included. Evidence indicated that dietary prebiotic supplementation increased self-reported feelings of satiety in healthy adults (standardised mean difference − 0·57, 95 % CI − 1·13, − 0·01). Prebiotic supplementation also significantly reduced postprandial glucose ( − 0·76, 95 % CI − 1·41, − 0·12) and insulin ( − 0·77, 95 % CI − 1·50, − 0·04) concentrations. The effects of dietary prebiotics on total energy intake, body weight, peptide YY and glucagon-like peptide-1 concentrations, gastric emptying times, insulin sensitivity, lipids, inflammatory markers and immune function were contradictory. Dietary prebiotic consumption was found to be associated with subjective improvements in satiety and reductions in postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations. Additional evidence is required before recommending prebiotic supplements to individuals with metabolic abnormalities. Large-scale trials of longer duration evaluating gut microbial growth and activity are required.
The Politics of Police Image in Chile
Authors: BONNER MICHELLE D. 
Published: November 2013

abstractThe Carabineros de Chile played an active role in the repression and leadership of the Pinochet regime, yet today, the police force is one of the most respected institutions in Chile. Few post-authoritarian democracies have been able to restore such esteem for their police as quickly. But what does respect mean? This study analyses the narratives of approximately 50 police experts in Chile. It finds that police experts regard the positive image of the Carabineros as having more to do with fear and an effective communications strategy than police reform. It is important to understand how those Chileans most involved in policy discussions on policing interpret the reasons for respect, as their interpretations can shape the types of policing advocated or practised.