bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Critical Resolved Shear Stresses for Various Plastic Deformation Mechanisms To Understand Mechanical Properties of Magnesium-Yttrium Alloys
Authors: Mineta T. , Miura S. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTIn order to understand enhanced mechanical properties of magnesium-yttrium (Mg-Y) alloys, applied stresses which were required to operate independent plastic deformation mechanisms on various stress axes were evaluated. Moreover, for this analysis, mechanical tests including newly-established testing method “pure-shear test” were conducted to evaluate Critical Resolved Shear Stresses (CRSSes) for various plastic deformation mechanisms of Mg-Y solid solution alloy single crystals with various Y concentration. Relatively higher solid solution strengthening of dominant plastic deformation mechanisms such as basal slip and extension twin at room temperature, results in increase in the activation of non-basal slip system. By a simple analysis based on von-Mises criterion with experimental CRSS values, it is revealed that enhanced mechanical properties of Mg-Y alloys might be attributed to the decrease of difference in the activity of plastic deformation mechanisms by Y addition.
Effect of Morphological Change on Unipolar and Bipolar Switching Characteristics in Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3 Based RRAM
Authors: Panwar Neeraj , Kumbhare Pankaj , Singh Ajit K. , Venkataramani N. , Ganguly Udayan 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTWe have demonstrated that pulsed laser deposition (PLD) conditions, i.e. O2 partial pressure (pO2) and temperature (T), enable control over the polarity of resistance switching in PCMO (Pr0.7C0.3MnO3) i.e. unipolar resistive switching (URS) vs. bipolar resistive switching (BRS). We observe by detailed physical characterization that BRS occurs in poly-crystalline thin films while URS is seen in amorphous films – indicating the materials origin of URS vis-a-vis BRS. BRS shows attractive lower voltage operation, no forming and lower variability than URS.
Enhancement of visible light photocatalytic activity of tantalum oxynitride and tantalum nitride by coupling with bismuth oxide; an example of composite photocatalysis
Authors: Adhikari Shiba P , Zhang Lifeng , Gross Michael , Lachgar Abdou 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTComposite photocatalysts comprised of two semiconducting oxides, with suitable band gaps and band positions, have been reported as an effective approach to enhance photocatalytic activity in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Here, we report the synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic evaluations of semiconducting composites made by combing bismuth oxide with either tantalum oxynitride or tantalum nitride. Visible light active composites were synthesized using solution chemistry synthesis method. The composites were characterized by powder X- ray diffraction (PXRD), diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectroscopy, and photoluminescence (PL). Their photocatalytic activities were evaluated for generation of hydrogen from an aqueous methanol solution under visible light irradiation (λ≥ 420 nm). The as-prepared composite catalysts are found to have longer photogenerated charge-carrier life time, resulting in enhanced photocatalytic activities.
Length Matters: Keeping Atomic Wires in Check
Authors: Cunningham Brian , Todorov Tchavdar N. , Dundas Daniel 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTDynamical effects of non-conservative forces in long, defect free atomic wires are investigated. Current flow through these wires is simulated and we find that during the initial transient, the kinetic energies of the ions are contained in a small number of phonon modes, closely clustered in frequency. These phonon modes correspond to the waterwheel modes determined from preliminary static calculations. The static calculations allow one to predict the appearance of non-conservative effects in advance of the more expensive real-time simulations. The ion kinetic energy redistributes across the band as non-conservative forces reach a steady state with electronic frictional forces. The typical ion kinetic energy is found to decrease with system length, increase with atomic mass, and its dependence on bias, mass and length is supported with a pen and paper model. This paper highlights the importance of non-conservative forces in current carrying devices and provides criteria for the design of stable atomic wires.
Möglichkeiten zur Reduktion von Suszeptibilitätsartefakten durch Mikrochips bei Untersuchungen im 0,5-Tesla-Magnetresonanztomographen
Authors: Oechtering G. , Ludewig E. , Piesnack S. 
Published: March 2015

ZusammenfassungGegenstand und Ziel: Mikrochips führen bei der Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) zu gravierenden fokalen Bildstörungen. Diese Suszeptibilitätsartefakte können die Beurteilbarkeit der Halsregion erheblich einschränken. Ziel der Studie war, den Einfluss des Sequenztyps auf die Größe des Artefakts zu untersuchen und herauszufinden, welche Möglichkeiten zur Artefaktreduktion bei Veränderung bestimmter Sequenzparameter bestehen. Weiterhin sollte geklärt werden, wie groß der Abstand zwischen Spinalkanal und Mikrochip mindestens sein muss, um spinale Strukturen beurteilen zu können. Material und Methoden: Die Untersuchungen erfolgten an Kadavern von 26 Katzen und zwei Hunden. An einem 0,5-Tesla-MRT wurde für verschiedene Sequenztypen (SE, TSE, GRE) und Kombinationen modifizierter Sequenzparameter (TE, Voxelgröße, Ausleserichtung) das Ausmaß des Artefakts ermittelt. Eine ergänzende computertomographische Untersuchung diente dazu, die Distanz zwischen Spinalkanal und Mikrochip zu messen. Ergebnisse: Die geringsten Artefaktgrößen zeigten sich bei einer T1-gewichteten TSE-Sequenz mit kleiner Echozeit (10 ms) und kleiner Voxelgröße (große Scanmatrix von 256 x 256 Pixel, kleines Field of View von 160 mm, geringe Schichtdicke von 2 mm). Durch Anpassung der Phasen-/Frequenzkodierung war es möglich, die Form der Bildstörung und die Richtung der maximalen Ausdehnung des Artefakts zu beeinflussen. Lag das Zentrum des Mikrochips näher als 19 mm von der Mitte des Wirbelkanals entfernt, ließen sich auch mit dieser optimierten Sequenz die spinalen Strukturen auf Höhe des Mikrochips nicht beurteilen. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Besonders bei kleinen Hunden und Katzen ist die Gefahr groß, dass durch die geringe Distanz zwischen Mikrochip und Wirbelsäule diagnoserelevante Bildinformationen durch Suszeptibilitäten verloren gehen. Durch die Wahl der Sequenzparameter sind Größe und Form von Suszeptibilitätsartefakten in bedeutendem Umfang beeinflussbar. Eine T1-gewichtete TSE-Sequenz bietet dabei das größte Potenzial zur Artefaktunterdrückung.
Heavy Metal Accumulations in Water, Sediment, and Some Cyprinid Species in Porsuk Stream (Turkey)
Authors: Köse Esengül , Çiçek Arzu , Uysal Kazim , Tokatlı Cem , Emiroğlu Özgür , Arslan Naime 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: Porsuk Stream is one of Turkey's most important river systems and also one of the most important branches of the Sakarya River. It provides drinking and utility water for two Turkish cities (Kütahya and Eskişehir) with a total population of one million. In this study, water, sediment, and some tissues (liver, gill, and muscle) of five cyprinid fish species were collected seasonally (2010–2011) from eight stations on the Porsuk Stream, and the zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As) levels of collected samples were determined. The data observed were evaluated with national and international quality criteria. Based on the data observed, it was determined that the Porsuk Stream is affected by significant inorganic pollution from the Kütahya and Eskişehir Provinces. It was also determined that the Porsuk Dam Lake has an important cleaning capacity and that the water and sediment quality of the Porsuk Stream improves after the output of the dam lake.
Variability in the Concentration of Indicator Bacteria in Landfill Leachate – A Comparative Study
Authors: Umar Muhammad , Aziz Hamidi Abdul , Yusoff Mohd Suffian 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: Leachate collected from the collection ponds of four landfill sites was investigated and compared for total coliforms and E.coli concentration as representatives of fecal pollution. Concentration of total coliforms and E.coli was comparable for leachate obtained from Kulim Landfill Site (KLS) and Ampang Landfill Site (ALS) with little variations. However, the level of indicator bacteria was significantly lower for Kuala Sepetang Landfill Site (KSLS), whereas Pulau Burung Landfill Site (PBLS) had the lowest concentration for both total coliforms and E.coli. Considering the landfills are currently operational, with the exception of ALS, the presence of indicator bacteria implies their inactivation prior to discharge. High concentration of indicator bacteria in ALS is attributed to the run‐off entering the leachate pond. Greater concentration of ammonia and salinity level were partly responsible for lower concentration of indicator bacteria in leachate from KSLS and PBLS, indicating that salinity and ammonia could significantly affect the survival of indicator bacteria.
Biological Treatment of Textile Dyes by Agar‐Agar Immobilized Consortium in a Packed Bed Reactor
Authors: Patel Yogesh , Gupte Akshaya 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: The decolorization of Acid Maroon V was investigated using bacterial consortium EDPA containing Enterobacter dissolvens AGYP1 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa AGYP2 immobilized in different entrapment matrices. The consortium displayed 96% removal of dye (100 mg/l) within 6 h when immobilized in agar‐agar. Under optimum concentrations of agar‐agar (3.0% w/v) and cell biomass (0.9 g% w/v), the consortium displayed decolorization for 18 successive batches of Acid Maroon V and also decolorized 14 other different textile dyes. A packed bed reactor under batch mode showed 89% decolorization of dye after 56 repetitive cycles. Under continuous flow mode, maximum color removal was achieved with bed length of 36 cm, hydraulic retention time of 2.66 h, and dye concentration of 100 mg/l. Additionally, the reactor decolorized relatively higher concentrations (100–2000 mg/l) of dye. The synthetic dye wastewater containing five textile dyes was decolorized 92% with 62% COD reduction using an immobilized consortium.
Impact of Substrate Feed Patterns on Solids Reduction by the Cannibal Process
Authors: Khanthongthip Passkorn , Novak John T. , Doyle Michael L. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: A biological solids reduction process that uses a side‐stream anaerobic reactor (Cannibal process) was investigated to better understand why variations in solids reduction occur in field installations. Field observations indicated that single stage, high sludge age processes would frequently not provide a low solids yield. To study this, laboratory sequencing batch reactors were operated, one as a conventional activated sludge system and the other two with a side‐stream anaerobic reactors. The controland oneanaerobic side‐stream system were operated with a 5‐minute feed cycle to mimic a plug flow system. The other anaerobic side‐stream system operated with a 4‐hour feed cycle to simulate complete mix. The 5 minutes feed Cannibal system generated up to 80% less biological solids than the control. The 4 hours feed Cannibal system produced less biological solids than the conventional activated sludge system but remained higher than for system with a 5‐minute feed time.
Werkstofftechnische Grundlagen des Biegerichtens
Authors: Scholtes B. , Ellermann A. , Baunack D. , Kraus A. , Zinn W. 
Published: March 2015

KurzfassungIn der vorliegenden Arbeitwerden wesentliche materialwissenschaftliche Aspekte des Biegerichtens angesprochen. Zunächst werden die Grundlagen des Biegeversuchs und die auftretenden inhomogenen Verteilungen von Spannungen und Deformationen beschrieben. Dann wird am Beispiel des Stahls 42CrMoS4 in unterschiedlichen Wärmebehandlungszuständen auf die Eigenspannungsentstehung eingegangen, wobei sowohl die Wirkung unterschiedlicher Verformungsgrade als auch des Gefügezustands aufgezeigt wird. Durch Biegerichten werden in Stählen Makro- und Mikroeigenspannungen erzeugt. In Verbindung mit den eingebrachten bleibenden Deformationen führen sie bei einer weiteren Beanspruchung zu charakteristischen Änderungen des Verformungsverhaltens. Dabei ist wesentlich, ob die Beanspruchung der Verformung beim Richten gleich- oder entgegengerichtet ist. Im letzteren Fall tritt ein ausgeprägter Bauschingereffekt auf, der zu deutlich verminderten Festigkeiten führt. Es wird gezeigt, dass der Festigkeitsverlust sowohl vom Ausmaß der Vorverformung beim Richten als auch vom Gefügezustand abhängt und ausgeprägter ist als bei einachsig-homogener Zug-Druck-Beanspruchung. Bei restaustenithaltigen Zuständen können durch Biegerichten beanspruchungsinduzierte Phasenumwandlungen auftreten, die vom Vorzeichen der Beanspruchung abhängen. Abschließend werden noch einige besondere Aspekte angesprochen, die bei inhomogenen Gefügezuständen in einsatzgehärteten Komponenten vorliegen.
Korrosionsverhalten von plasmanitrierten und Diamond Like Carbon (a-C:H:Si) beschichteten niedriglegierten Stählen
Authors: Dipolt C. , Mori G. , Holecek R. 
Published: March 2015

KurzfassungZiel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, die Korrosionsbeständigkeit von plasmanitrierten und Diamond Like Carbon (DLC) beschichteten Proben aus dem Werkstoff 1.7225 (42CrMo4) zu untersuchen und einer handelsüblichen 2-lagigen Hartchromschicht auf dem gleichen Substrat gegenüberzustellen. Das Schichtsystem, hergestellt durch Plasmanitrieren und a-C:H:Si-Beschichten, zeigt sehr hohen Widerstand gegenüber Korrosion in neutralen und chloridhaltigen Medien und kann technisch eine Alternative für Hartchrom sein.
Tribological properties of boronized ferrous based PM journal bearings
Authors: Ünlü Bekir Sadık , Yilmaz Selim Sarper , Kurgan Naci , Varol Remzi 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Ferrous based PM (powder metallurgical) materials are widely used in journal bearings since they provide a good tribological performance. These bearings are self-lubricating and can be used in places where lubricating is not possible. This also applies to the shaft material which shows adhesive wear. Tribological properties can be improved and adhesive wear can be decreased by boronizing. In this study, tribological properties of ferrous based boronized and non-boronized Fe-graphite, FeCu-graphite and CuSnFe-graphite bearings manufactured by PM method have been determined and compared. Boronizing treatment was carried out at 950° C for 4 hours. The SAE 1050 steel shaft was used as counter abrader. Experiments were carried out at 20 N loads and 1500 rpm every 30 minutes for 2.5 hours.
Flexure behavior of composite cantilevers subjected to different environmental conditions
Authors: Esendemir Ümran , Durak Ertuğrul , Tunay Recai Fatih , Usal Mustafa Reşit 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This publication presents an experimental study which was conducted to examine the effects of various types of environments on the flexural stress and load-deflection relationships of the composite cantilever beams subjected to a single force at their free end for different exposure times. The study includes the testing of five different conditions which are cold, hot, humid, seawater environments and room temperature. Maximum flexure stresses and deflections of cantilever beam are presented analytically, numerically and experimentally. ANSYS FEA program is used for numerical analysis of composite materials. The test results carried out after generally one and two months of exposure to the different environmental conditions show that the flexure stress and deflection of the beams are affected at different levels. Moreover, it is shown that the analytical and numerical results are consistent with the experimental data.
SNMS investigations of thermally sprayed coatings
Authors: Uţu Ion-Dragoş , Mitelea Ion 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Surface protective coatings are commonly used in order to protect the bulk materials against corrosion and high temperature oxidation. The present publication discusses the morphology of high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) sprayed MCrAlY coatings obtained from CoNiCrAlY particles (8 wt.-% Al) before and after electron beam (EB) treatment. The latter process was applied in order to achieve a homogeneous and refined structure free of pores and oxides. The microstructure and phase modification of the coatings before and after the EB remelting were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction technique. Using the sputtered neutral mass spectrometry (SNMS) technique, the element contents (O, N, Co, Ni, Cr, Al, Y) of the coating in as sprayed and after EB irradiation were examined. Experiments have shown that while the Co concentration remains practically unchanged, significant changes in Cr, Ni, Al and Y concentrations occurred. Also, the N and O contents are lower compared to those of the as sprayed coatings.
Aggressive repeat surgery for focally recurrent primary glioblastoma: outcomes and theoretical framework
Authors: Sughrue Michael E. , Sheean Tyson , Bonney Phillip A. , Maurer Adrian J. , Teo Charles 
Published: March 2015

OBJECT
The relative benefit of repeat surgery for recurrent glioblastoma is unclear, in part due to the very heterogeneous nature of the patient population and the effect of clinician philosophy on the duration and aggressiveness of treatment. The authors sought to investigate the role of time to last recurrence on patient outcomes following aggressive repeat surgery for recurrent glioblastoma.

METHODS
The authors present outcomes in 104 patients undergoing repeat surgery for focally recurrent glioblastoma with at least 95% resection and adjuvant treatment at most recent prior surgery. In addition to common variables, they provide data regarding the period of progression-free survival (PFS) following an aggressive lesionectomy for focally recurrent primary glioblastoma (T2) and the time the tumor took to recur since the previous surgery (T1). They term the ratio T1/T2 the relative aggressivity index (RAI).

RESULTS
The median PFS was 7.8 months, 6.0 months, and 4.8 months following the second, third, and fourth–sixth craniotomies, respectively. Importantly, there was a wide range of outcomes, with time to postoperative recurrence ranging from 1 to 24 months in this group. Analysis showed no meaningful relationship between T1 and T2, meaning that previous PFS is entirely unable to predict the PFS that another surgery will provide the patient.

CONCLUSIONS
Repeat surgery for glioblastoma is beneficial in many cases, however this is hard to predict preoperatively. Often, surgery can provide the patient with a good period of disease freedom, but this is variable and in general it is not possible to reliably predict who these patients are.
Prevalence of Psoriatic Arthritis in a Large Cohort of Brazilian Patients with Psoriasis
Authors: Ranza Roberto , Carneiro Sueli , Qureshi Abrar A. , Martins Gladys , Rodrigues Jose Joaquim , Romiti Ricardo , Barros Thiago Bitar M. , Carneiro Jamille , Sampaio Ana Luisa , Grynszpan Rachel , Markus Juliana , Pinto Rogerio Melo Costa , Goldenstein-Schainberg Claudia 
Published: March 2015

Objective.To determine the prevalence of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in a large cohort of Brazilian patients with psoriasis (PsO) being seen at dermatology centers.Methods.A multicenter study was conducted in 4 university dermatology clinics. In each center, consecutive patients with confirmed diagnoses of PsO were evaluated by a rheumatologist. Individuals were classified as having PsA according to the ClASsification criteria for Psoriatic ARthritis (CASPAR). Laboratory tests and radiographs were performed, as needed, based on the clinical judgment of the rheumatologist.Results.A total of 524 patients with PsO were evaluated. The mean age was 48.5 ± 14.5 years, 50% were women, and the mean PsO duration was 15.4 ± 11.7 years. A diagnosis of PsA was documented in 175 patients (33%), of whom 49% were newly identified by the rheumatologist. Most individuals with PsA (72%) had peripheral involvement, 11% had isolated axial involvement, and 17% had both peripheral and axial involvement. Dactylitis occurred in 20% and clinical enthesitis in 30% of the patients. Laboratory and/or radiograph tests were necessary for a definitive diagnosis of PsA in 42 of 175 individuals (24%).Conclusion.In our study, one-third of Brazilian patients with PsO, followed in dermatology settings, were diagnosed with PsA by a rheumatologist. Almost half of subjects with PsA had no previous diagnosis. A collaboration between dermatologists and rheumatologists is greatly needed to establish earlier PsA diagnoses and adequate multidisciplinary management.
More than Just Minutes of Stiffness in the Morning: Report from the OMERACT Rheumatoid Arthritis Flare Group Stiffness Breakout Sessions
Authors: Orbai Ana-Maria , Halls Serena , Hewlett Sarah , Bartlett Susan J. , Leong Amye L. , Bingham Clifton O. ,   the RA Flare Group Steering Committee
Published: March 2015

Objective.Stiffness was endorsed within the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) flare core domain set at the previous Outcome Measures in Rheumatology meeting (OMERACT 11). Two stiffness breakout groups at the present OMERACT 12 RA flare workshop discussed results of new qualitative studies in RA stiffness.Methods.Results from 2 independent studies of RA stiffness were presented to breakout group participants, followed by group discussions about stiffness measurement.Results.Both studies identified stiffness as complex, variable with the level of disease activity, and as encompassing concepts of impact, intensity, timing, location, and duration. That stiffness has an effect on multiple dimensions of health was a common finding. Participants agreed that stiffness is an important aspect of RA flare. Whether measuring only morning stiffness duration, the traditional approach in RA, was sufficient in coverage of the concept was unclear. Groups agreed that more research on stiffness measurement is needed considering the importance patients place on the effect of stiffness.Conclusion.Results from independent studies highlight stiffness effect as an important feature of RA, in addition to intensity, timing, location, and duration. Additional work is needed to identify optimal ways to assess stiffness in RA and other rheumatologic diseases.