bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Information needs and information‐seeking behaviour analysis of primary care physicians and nurses: a literature review
Authors: Clarke Martina A. , Belden Jeffery L. , Koopman Richelle J. , Steege Linsey M. , Moore Joi L. , Canfield Shannon M. , Kim Min S. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe increase in the adoption of electronic health records (EHR) has contributed to physicians and nurses experiencing information overload. To address the problem of information overload, an assessment of the information needs of physicians and nurses will assist in understanding what they view as useful information to make patient care more efficient.ObjectiveTo analyse studies that assessed the information needs and information‐seeking behaviour of physicians and nurses in a primary care setting to develop a better understanding of what information to present to physicians when they making clinical decisions.MethodA literature review of studies was conducted with a comprehensive search in PubMed, cinahl, scopus, as well as examination of references from relevant papers and hand‐searched articles to identify articles applicable to this review.ResultsOf the papers reviewed the most common information needs found among physicians and nurses were related to diagnoses, drug(s) and treatment/therapy. Colleagues remain a preferred information source among physicians and nurses; however, a rise in Internet usage is apparent.ConclusionPhysicians and nurses need access to the Internet and job‐specific resources to find practitioner‐oriented information. In addition, effective usage of resources is important for improving patient care.
Library services and user satisfaction in developing countries: a case study
Authors: Mairaj Muhammad Ijaz , Naseer Mirza Muhammad 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundPunjab Institute of Cardiology (PIC) is a recognised teaching hospital for cardiac care in the Punjab province of Pakistan. PIC has established a library to fulfil the research and information needs of health care professionals. This study aims to evaluate the satisfaction of users with the services of PIC library.MethodologyA purposive sample of 15 health care professionals was selected. A semistructured interview technique based on an interview guide was used for collection of data. The data were qualitatively analysed using a thematic approach.ResultsUsers of PIC library were satisfied with the library collection, organisation, reference and circulation services, staff attitudes, cooling and heating. They were concerned about library space, hours, furniture and environment, and suggested more availability of electronic library services, newer collections, better Internet access and comfortable furniture.ConclusionThe study proved useful to investigate users' satisfaction with the services of PIC library. It concludes that the PIC library should maintain and strengthen the services with which users are satisfied, and improve those about which they are concerned. The study will be useful to libraries in other developing countries for improvement in their services.
Pathological characteristics of the different stages of Acanthamoeba keratitis
Authors: Sun Yuzhao , Hong Jing , Zhang Pei , Peng Rongmei , Xiao Gege 
Published: July 2013

AimsTo classify the clinical stages of Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK), and clarify the relationship between pathological changes and clinical features.Methods and resultsBetween January 2007 and May 2012, AK was diagnosed in 11 eyes by pathological examination and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Pathological investigation of all cornea samples from keratoplasty was done with periodic acid‐Schiff and haematoxylin and eosin stains. AK clinical stage, pathological features and postoperative treatment were studied retrospectively. The 11 cases were classified into development stage, convalescence stage, or cicatricial stage. In the development stage, marked conjunctival hyperaemia, a corneal epithelial defect, obvious corneal infiltration and progressive inflammation were seen; pathological changes comprised abundant inflammatory cells and a rounded cyst in the oedematous stroma, as well as a very small amount of neovascularization. In the convalescence cases, moderate conjunctival hyperaemia, corneal disciform structures, repair of the corneal epithelial defect and abundant neovascularization were seen; pathological changes included significant tissue necrosis and a small, shrunken cyst in the stroma, as well as significant neovascularization. In the cicatricial stage, keratoleukoma was seen; pathological changes comprised a few inflammatory cells and shrunken cysts scattered in the stroma. There were no cases of recurrence.ConclusionsThe pathological features of different clinical stages confirmed the new clinical classification of AK.
Platelet-Oriented Inhibition in New TIA and Minor Ischemic Stroke (POINT) Trial: Rationale and design
Authors: Johnston S. Claiborne , Easton J. Donald , Farrant Mary , Barsan William , Battenhouse Holly , Conwit Robin , Dillon Catherine , Elm Jordan , Lindblad Anne , Morgenstern Lewis , Poisson Sharon N. , Palesch Yuko 
Published: July 2013

Background Ischemic stroke and other vascular outcomes occur in 10–20% of patients in the three-months following a transient ischemic attack or minor ischemic stroke, and many are disabling. The highest risk period for these outcomes is the early hours and days immediately following the ischemic event. Aspirin is the most common antithrombotic treatment used for these patients. Aim The aim of POINT is to determine whether clopidogrel plus aspirin taken <12 h after transient ischemic attack or minor ischemic stroke symptom onset is more effective in preventing major ischemic vascular events at 90 days in the high-risk, and acceptably safe, compared with aspirin alone. Design POINT is a prospective, randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial in patients with transient ischemic attack or minor ischemic stroke. Subjects are randomized to clopidogrel (600 mg loading dose followed by 75 mg/day) or matching placebo, and all will receive open-label aspirin 50–325 mg/day, with a dose of 162 mg daily for five-days followed by 81 mg daily strongly recommended. Study Outcomes The primary efficacy outcome is the composite of new ischemic vascular events — ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, or ischemic vascular death — by 90 days. The primary safety outcome is major hemorrhage, which includes symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. Discussion Aspirin is the most common antithrombotic given to patients with a stroke or transient ischemic attack, as it reduces the risk of subsequent stroke. This trial expects to determine whether more aggressive antithrombotic therapy with clopidogrel plus aspirin, initiated acutely, is more effective than aspirin alone.
A Systematic Review of the Benefits of Mindfulness-Based Interventions following Transient Ischemic Attack and Stroke
Authors: Lawrence Maggie , Booth Jo , Mercer Stewart , Crawford Elizabeth 
Published: July 2013

Background Recent epidemiological studies have demonstrated an association between perceived psychological stress and ischemic stroke. A feature of stroke is recurrence; 30–40% within five-years following first transient ischemic attack/stroke. Equipping patients with skills and coping strategies to help reduce or manage perceived psychological stress may represent an important secondary prevention intervention. Mindfulness-based interventions are structured, group-based self-management programmes with potential to help people with long-term conditions cope better with physical, psychological, or emotional distress. Review evidence suggests significant benefits across a range of physical and mental health problems. However, we could find no evidence synthesis relating specifically to the benefits of mindfulness-based interventions following transient ischemic attack/stroke. Aim The review aims to evaluate the benefits of mindfulness-based interventions following transient ischemic attack/stroke. Methods Six major databases were searched using subject headings and key words. Papers were screened using review-specific criteria. Critical appraisal and data extraction were conducted independently by two reviewers. Statistical meta-analysis was not possible; therefore findings are presented in narrative form. Results Four studies involving 160 participants were reviewed. Three papers reported mindfulness-based interventions delivered to groups; one paper reported a mindfulness-based intervention which was delivered one to one. The results demonstrate a positive trend in favor of the benefits of mindfulness-based interventions across a range of psychological, physiological, and psychosocial outcomes including anxiety, depression, mental fatigue, blood pressure, perceived health, and quality of life. No evidence of harm was found. Conclusion Following transient ischemic attack/stroke, people may derive a range of benefits from mindfulness-based interventions; however, further methodologically robust trials are required.
Towards a Gendered Evaluation of (Highly) Skilled Immigration Policies in Europe
Authors: Kofman Eleonore 
Published: July 2013

AbstractImmigration policies reflect to varying degrees the calibration and stratification of desirable knowledge. The criteria adopted have varied across countries and immigration systems. However, despite the evidence that skilled women migrate more than men, little attention has been paid to the extent to which immigration policies impact differently on women and men and result in gender inequalities, and how the valuation of skills is gendered in its criteria and outcomes. Several European states have developed policies to attract the (highly) skilled in an attempt to make themselves as competitive as possible within a knowledge economy. The key criteria are salaries and educational qualifications which, together with the differential evaluation of skills, produce gender outcomes. This article explores how European policies for the (highly) skilled produce and reinforce inequalities in gendered circulations, not just between women and men, but also in terms of intersectional differences, such as race/nationality and age.
Policy Implications

Publish more disaggregated data by gender, race/nationality and age to support analysis of the implications of immigration policies.

Develop gender‐based and intersectional assessments of immigration policies.

Encourage states and international organizations to take into account the (in)equality aspects in the development of immigration policies.
Immigrant Entrepreneurs: The Identification of Foreign Market Opportunities
Authors: Smans Melanie , Freeman Susan , Thomas Jill 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBuilding on the very few studies that examine how immigrant entrepreneurs identify opportunities to conduct business in foreign markets, this article explores how Italian immigrant entrepreneurs in Australia identify such opportunities. Relying on social network theory (Patel and Conklin, 2009), international business research indicates that social ties, including kinship and ethnic ties, facilitate the flow of information that enables entrepreneurs to identify opportunities (Ellis, 2011; Hayton, Chandler and DeTienne, 2011). This study finds that the Italian immigrant entrepreneurs prefer to receive information about business opportunities from trusting, social ties, particularly country of origin (Italy) regional based ethnic ties, rather kinship ties for fear of damaging the relationship. However both first and second generation immigrants do use kinship ties to gain knowledge about Italian market conditions. Implications for policy and practice, limitations of the study and ideas for future research are also presented.
The investigation of the possible relationship between Coxsackie viruses and pemphigus
Authors: Kaçar Nida , Cevahir Nural , Demirkan Neşe , Şanlı Berna 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundPemphigus is a group of autoimmune bullous diseases on which the etiopathogenesis of several viruses has been blamed. Coxsackie viruses (CVs) are the causative agents of hand, foot, and mouth disease, and herpangina, which have been strongly associated with several autoimmune diseases. The onset of pemphigus after CV infection and cephalosporin use has been reported.ObjectiveTo detect the presence of CV in patients with pemphigus.Materials and methodsReverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction analysis for CV RNA sequences and immunohistochemical staining for the CV and adenovirus receptor expression were performed on patient skin samples. CV‐IgM and ‐IgG serum levels were analyzed.ResultsThirty‐two patients and 40 controls were investigated. Neither the CV and adenovirus receptor expression nor CV RNA sequences was established in the skin samples of patients. The ratio of CV‐IgG positivity was higher in patients (12.5%) than in the controls (5%; P > 0.05).ConclusionOur preliminary results indicate that the viral genome of CV does not become persistent in the skin. Further studies with a larger number of cases are needed to clarify the place of CVs in the etiopathogenesis of pemphigus.
Arteria linguofacial of the Donkey (Equus asinus)
Authors: AHMED M. A. A. , ANIS H. , MOUSTAFA M. S. M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA gross anatomical study of the origin and distribution of the linguofacial artery was carried out in the donkey. The distribution was compared with that of other domestic animals. It is demonstrated that the distribution is similar in the donkey to that of the horse.ZusammenfassungDie A. linguofacialis des Esels (Equus asinus)Ursprung, Verlauf und Aufteilung der A. linguofacialis des Esels werden beschrieben. Folgende morphologischen Unterschiede bestehen zwischen Esel und Pferd:
Eine A. angularis oris fehlt dem Esel, während sie beim Pferd vorkommt.
Die A. sublingualis entspringt beim Esel aus der A. lingualis, während sie beim Pferd aus der A. facialis stammt.
Die A. lingualis des Esels verläuft unter dem M. hyoglossus, während sie sich beim Pferd auf der Oberfläche dieses Muskels findet.
Die A. lateralis nasi war in 20% der untersuchten Fälle doppelt ausgebildet.
RésuméL'Artère linguo‐faciale de l'Ane (Equus asinus) L'origine, le trajet et la distribution de l'A. linguo‐faciale de l'Ane ont été décrits. En comparam avec le Cheval, les différences suivantes ont été notées:
L'A. angulaire de la bouche manque à l'Ane, alors qu'elle est présente chez le Cheval.
L'A. sublinguale prend origine sur l'A. linguale chez l'Ane, sur l'A. faciale chez le Cheval.
L'A. linguale chemine sous la face profonde du M. hyoglosse chez l'Ane, alors qu'elle croise superficiellement ce muscle chez le Cheval.
L'A. latérale du nez était dédoublée dans 20 % des cas examinés.
ResumenLa Arteria linguofacialis del burro (Equus asinus)Se describe el origen, el trayecto y la distribución de la A. linguofacialis del asno, tomando en consideración las diferencias entre este animal y el caballo, que son las siguientes:
La A. angularis oris falta en el asno y existe en el caballo.
La A. sublingualis tiene su origen en la A. lingualis del asno, mientras en el caballo se origina de la A. facialis.
La A. lingualis del asno pasa por debajo del M. hyoglossus, mientras que en el caballo se sitúa en la cara superficial de este músculo.
La A. lateralis nasi se encontró duplicada en un 20 % de los casos.
Cerebral and Extracerebral Vasoreactivity in Symptomatic Lacunar Stroke Patients: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Deplanque Dominique , Lavallee Philippa C. , Labreuche Julien , Gongora-Rivera Fernando , Jaramillo Arturo , Brenner David , Abboud Halim , Klein Isabelle F. , Touboul Pierre-Jean , Vicaut Eric , Amarenco Pierre 
Published: July 2013

Background Whether cerebral artery endothelial dysfunction is a key factor of symptomatic lacunar stroke and cerebral small vessel disease remains unclear. Methods Cerebral and extracerebral vasoreactivity were measured in 81 patients with recent symptomatic lacunar stroke and in 81 control subjects matched for main vascular risk factors. Cerebral vasoreactivity and carotid endothelial-dependent vasodilation were measured after five-minutes of carbon dioxide-induced hypercapnia. Brachial endothelial-dependent vasodilation was assessed after hyperemia induced by deflating a cuff around the forearm previously inflated to 200 mmHg for four-minutes. Carotid and brachial endothelial-independent vasodilation were measured five-minutes after administration of sublingual nitroglycerin 300 μg. Brain magnetic resonance imaging were analyzed in lacunar stroke patients. Results One-month after stroke onset, patients had more severely impaired cerebral vasoreactivitys than matched controls (mean ± standard deviation, 14.4 ± 12.1% vs. 19.4 ± 17.4%; P = 0.049). Severe alterations of both carotid and brachial endothelial-dependent and at a lesser degree of carotid and brachial endothelial-independent vasodilation were observed in both groups. After adjustment for confounders, subjects with a cerebral vasoreactivity value in the two lower tertiles (≤19.6%) were more likely to have had a symptomatic lacunar stroke (adjusted odds ratio, 3.78; 95% confidence interval, 1.42 to 10.08; P = 0.008). Only alteration of brachial endothelial-independent vasodilation correlated with parenchymal abnormalities, namely microbleeds and leukoaraiosis. Conclusions While abnormalities in extracerebral vasoreactivity seem related to vascular risk factors, the severity of endothelial dysfunction in cerebral arteries may be determinant in the occurrence of symptomatic lacunar stroke in patients with small vessel disease.
An iterative consensus‐building approach to revising a genetics/genomics competency framework for nurse education in the UK
Authors: Kirk Maggie , Tonkin Emma , Skirton Heather 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimTo report a review of a genetics education framework using a consensus approach to agree on a contemporary and comprehensive revised framework.BackgroundAdvances in genomic health care have been significant since the first genetics education framework for nurses was developed in 2003. These, coupled with developments in policy and international efforts to promote nursing competence in genetics, indicated that review was timely.DesignA structured, iterative, primarily qualitative approach, based on a nominal group technique.MethodA meeting convened in 2010 involved stakeholders in UK nursing education, practice and management, including patient representatives (n = 30). A consensus approach was used to solicit participants' views on the individual/family needs identified from real‐life stories of people affected by genetic conditions and the nurses' knowledge, skills and attitudes needed to meet those needs. Five groups considered the stories in iterative rounds, reviewing comments from previous groups. Omissions and deficiencies were identified by mapping resulting themes to the original framework. Anonymous voting captured views. Educators at a second meeting developed learning outcomes for the final framework.FindingsDeficiencies in relation to Advocacy, Information management and Ongoing care were identified. All competencies of the original framework were revised, adding an eighth competency to make explicit the need for ongoing care of the individual/family.ConclusionModifications to the framework reflect individual/family needs and are relevant to the nursing role. The approach promoted engagement in a complex issue and provides a framework to guide nurse education in genetics/genomics; however, nursing leadership is crucial to successful implementation.
Mometasone fuoroate 0.1% ointment in the treatment of vulvar lichen sclerosus: a study of efficacy and safety on a large cohort of patients
Authors: Virgili A. , Borghi A. , Minghetti S. , Corazza M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundGuidelines identify a 3‐month topical application of an ultra‐potent corticosteroid ointment as the mainstay of medical treatment for vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS). However, there are no trials providing evidence that any specific corticosteroid is superior to another.ObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness and safety of a 12‐week application of mometasone furoate (MMF) 0.1% ointment, with a tapering regimen, in achieving control of VLS signs and symptoms and to detect potential risk factors for VLS non‐response.Methods147 patients affected with VLS were enrolled in a 12‐week active treatment phase (ATP) with topical 0.1% MMF. The primary efficacy endpoint was the rate of patients achieving clinical response, as defined by protocol parameters. The secondary efficacy endpoint was to assess the changes of mean VLS‐related symptoms after the 12‐week ATP compared with baseline.ResultsBy the end of the ATP, 113 patients (80.7%) experienced a treatment response, whereas 27 women (19.3%) were judged as non‐responders. Mean symptom scores decreased significantly in the study patients, regardless of their clinical response at the end of the ATP. Among all the epidemiological and clinical data considered, only the absence of previous medical therapies was found to be related to a significantly higher risk of non‐response to treatment.ConclusionsApplication of 0.1% MMF ointment for 12 weeks on a tapering regimen was found to be an effective and safe therapy option in the ATP of VLS and could represent an alternative first‐line treatment to an ultra‐potent molecule.
Orientation and phase mapping in the transmission electron microscope using precession‐assisted diffraction spot recognition: state‐of‐the‐art results
Authors: VILADOT D. , VÉRON M. , GEMMI M. , PEIRÓ F. , PORTILLO J. , ESTRADÉ S. , MENDOZA J. , LLORCA‐ISERN N. , NICOLOPOULOS S. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryA recently developed technique based on the transmission electron microscope, which makes use of electron beam precession together with spot diffraction pattern recognition now offers the possibility to acquire reliable orientation/phase maps with a spatial resolution down to 2 nm on a field emission gun transmission electron microscope. The technique may be described as precession‐assisted crystal orientation mapping in the transmission electron microscope, precession‐assisted crystal orientation mapping technique–transmission electron microscope, also known by its product name, ASTAR, and consists in scanning the precessed electron beam in nanoprobe mode over the specimen area, thus producing a collection of precession electron diffraction spot patterns, to be thereafter indexed automatically through template matching. We present a review on several application examples relative to the characterization of microstructure/microtexture of nanocrystalline metals, ceramics, nanoparticles, minerals and organics. The strengths and limitations of the technique are also discussed using several application examples.