bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Political Theory and Political Judgment
Authors: Thompson Dennis F. 
Published: September 2013

Few political theorists today try to show how the principles of theory should guide our judgments of policy. Theorists think that their job is done when they have explained the principles, or (more commonly) when they have interpreted the principles of other theorists. The connection between the principles and the policies of governments is left for citizens themselves to make. Yet making that connection—exercising political judgment—is an essential part of citizenship, and should have a prominent place in the education of citizens.Political theorists have not always neglected the making of judgments about particular policies. The disdain of the particular that marks much contemporary theorizing was not shared by the great theorists of the past. The tradition of theory begins (or at least the curriculum traditionally begins) with the greatest case study of all—Socrates' trial. Although later theorists usually settled for less exalted examples, they continued to see their vocation as calling for comment on the actual policies of rulers and their rivals. Recall Aristotle's letters to Alexander, Augustine's criticism of the Donatists, Machiavelli's commentary on the corruption of Florentine rulers, Hobbes' analysis of the Long Parliament, Locke's advice to the Board of Trade, or Rousseau's critique of the government of Poland.
How Can We Get There From Here? Thoughts on the Integration of American and Comparative Politics
Authors: Rudolph Susanne Hoeber , Rudolph Lloyd I. 
Published: September 2013

The bifurcation of political science into American and comparative politics impoverishes both. The division parochializes them by encapsulating the study of politics within national boundaries. The result is to deprive each of the theoretical contributions generated by the other and to cut them off from the institutional and policy alternatives each has devised. The loss to the study of American politics is probably the more severe because its practitioners have not been prepared to recognize the limitations of their “area specialty.”Historical and institutional determinants help to explain the bifurcation. Because academic political science, that is, political science as a discipline and a profession is, as Bernard Crick has shown, American in its origins and early development, it has been less attentive to non-American contexts. More than other academic social science disciplines, political science's intellectual provenance is located in the new world. Unlike the other social sciences, political science lacks eighteenth and nineteenth century European masters. In the belief that America was showing the world its future, post-war behavioral political science like other aspects of the American way of life became an American export to Europe and the third world.
The Political Scientist Decides: An Examination of the 1969 APSA Ballot
Authors: Mueller John E. 
Published: September 2013

I always vote for the man, not the party.–Trad.In its election for offices in 1969, the American Political Science Association, apparently for the first time in its rarely turbulent history, found the nominees of its Official Nominating Committee challenged by an insurgent group. In order to handle this unprecedented situation, it was decided at the annual meeting to carry out the election by mail ballot and the American Arbitration Association was engaged to administer the operation.Ballots were mailed to the 13,061 members of the Association in October, 1969. Accompanying them were materials containing statements of belief and biographies for each of the candidates. The response rate was 64 percent.The ballots carried the contestants indicated in Table 1. For each office the candidates are listed in the Table in the order of their vote result (they were listed in alphabetical order on the ballot) and for each candidate the group endorsements, as they were presented on the ballot, are indicated. Except for the group endorsements, no identifying information accompanied the names of the candidates on the ballots.
Analysis Using Primary Sources for Term Papers in the Introductory Course
Authors: Morris Jeffre B. , Macchiarola Frank J. 
Published: September 2013

Many of the problems facing higher education are not capable of correction within the classroom setting. Yet, a great deal can be accomplished by an individual instructor in order to combat the often-spoken student criticism that classroom experiences are fundamentally deficient and unsatisfactory. This article offers political scientists a reasonably simple method of increasing student interest and participation in the Introductory American Government course. It concerns the design of a term paper which attempts to gain the active involvement of students through the use of primary source material.The teacher of an introductory American Government course today is probably very encouraged by enormous student interest in the workings of the political system. At the same time, it is not improbable that he is discouraged by the generally low level of substantive knowledge of current events and historical facts. In addition, he is disturbed to find that students do not read books and rarely read newspapers, that they rely upon television and rumor to support their substantive beliefs. The instructor is, additionally, torn between the pull of current issues as a source of classroom learning, and the commitment to the subject matter and methodology of the discipline, as the focus of classroom attention.In addition, those who assign term papers to their classes must fight the widespread and probably accurate student presumption that most term papers are added drudgery complementing the deadening succession of textbook assignments and blue-book examinations; that they are time-consuming, dull and irrelevant. Furthermore, students complain, again in justice, that their work is not usually read by the professor teaching them, or if read, is considered in a cursory fashion, so that hours of student effort result in simply a grade and possibly a one sentence comment along with, of course, the correction of a few grammatical and spelling errors.
Participation in APSA Annual Meetings, 1964–1969
Authors: Barry Donald D. , Bommer James G. 
Published: September 2013

This is a study of participation in six annual meetings (1964–1969) of the American Political Science Association. Participation was defined to include not only membership on panels but also membership on the Program Committee (i.e., program chairman and chairman of the panel categories-here called subject area chairman). Data on participation were gathered from the programs of the meetings and background data on participation were obtained from the APSABiographical Directory(Fifth Edition, 1968 and Fourth Edition, 1961) and from other sources.The study is divided into three parts: multiple participants and two sub-groups thereof, “rule violators” and the leadership group. Multiple participants (MPs) are those who participated in APSA annual meetings two or more times during the period 1964–1969. “Rule violators” (RVs) are those who, contrary to what is stated to be APSA general policy, participated more than one time in any single year. The leadership group includes members of the program committee.
Pakk Ya Cah in Havid Yard: Seeing Historic Boston on Foot
Authors: Schlozman Daniel 
Published: September 2013

The home of America's first university, its first public school, and its first public library, the Boston area now hosts more than two hundred thousand students. From 1630, when John Winthrop said Boston should be “a city on a hill,” through the McGuffey readers of the nineteenth century, the city has been a beacon of learning. Its politics have been long and colorful: Massachusetts boasts the oldest continuously used, written Constitution in the world, John Adams's 1780 state constitution; the gerrymander was named after Governor Elbridge Gerry's plan for redrawing North Shore districts; the early years of this century saw fierce Yankee-Irish battles for the State House. Massachusetts produced and remains transfixed by the Kennedys, was the only state to vote for George McGovern, and has another interesting gubernatorial race this year. (Keep an eye peeled for people standing with election signs at busy intersections, a local political tradition.) In short, Boston holds much allure for the political scientist.For the tourist, too, Boston is an appealing destination. It is a compact city and, in the words of the old travel cliché, a city best appreciated on foot (or by public transportation). Most sites of interest in the historic downtown and nearby nineteenth-century neighborhoods are within walking distance of each other. There are restaurants, shops, book-stores, and a certain European vitality of city life—perhaps the result of narrow streets and ample green space. For walkers, the Freedom Trail organizes most of the major Revolution-era sites, and plenty of other spots are marked in the historic core. The same history, though, means Boston's streets were laid out on seventeenth-century cowpaths.
“The Man of Iron” and Men of Power in Poland
Authors: Przeworski Adam 
Published: September 2013

Ostensibly, “The Man of Iron” is a film about a successful strike, the culmination of ten years of hope and struggle, an act of solidarity among workers who have understood that the only guarantee of their material well-being and their freedom is the union, an autonomous power of their own. It is a film about a strike and, midway, director Andrzej Wajda turns it into a classical flick, a banal love story seen so many times before, with scenes of a train station, wrapped in blue mist, where a mother takes her child, wrapped in red blankets, away from the intruding repression. One enters the climate of Gorky'sMother, of “Adelein 31,” of “Norma Jean.”Several Polish and French reviewers did not like this sentimental injection of private life, accusing the film of formal inconsistency, but I find the formalism of the strike film as profoundly ironic as the event itself: the strike of workers against the society where the working class was supposed to hold power, the strike against a party which claimed to represent them turned out to be just a strike like other strikes of workers against the power of capital and the state.And the ending–one of the endings–is equally romantic: the hero and his woman reunited after she is freed from prison by the victory of strikers, the protagonist in the closing monologue turning to the generation of his father to report the accomplishment of the task.
The taxonomic status of the phytosaurs (Archosauriformes) Machaeroprosopus and Pseudopalatus from the Late Triassic of the western United States
Authors: Parker William G. , Hungerbühler Axel , Martz Jeffrey W. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTThe genus Machaeroprosopus has long been considered invalid because the type specimen of the Late Triassic phytosaur species, M. validus, has been lost. Re-examination of the primary literature regarding the establishment of the Late Triassic phytosaur genus Machaeroprosopus demonstrates that M. buceros is the correct type species, not M. validus. Thus, the genus level name Machaeroprosopus has priority over the genera Pseudopalatus and Arribasuchus and all nominal species should be reassigned. Reassignment of these species to Machaeroprosopus satisfies the requirements of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) and preserves historical context. The name Pseudopalatinae is retained as the valid clade name for these phytosaurs because its usage falls outside of the ICZN.
2.1 GHz MOS mixer linearisation approach for IIP2 enhancement using multiple factor compensation
Authors: Jiang J. , Holburn D.M. 
Published: September 2013

An integrated downconversion CMOS mixer incorporating a comprehensive compensation scheme is presented which aims to minimise second‐order intermodulation distortion (IMD2). Unlike previously reported IMD2 calibration schemes which tune only one nonlinear factor at a time, the presented solution allows simultaneous adjustment of several different factors thus achieving a better compensation. The mixer has been implemented in UMC 0.18 µm CMOS to verify the proposed scheme and for comparison with alternative compensation methods. Measurements show that the solution described can improve the input intercept point (IIP2) by over 20 dB while maintaining good amplification and noise performance. IMD2 calibration results are presented and show useful advantages over other approaches. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this scheme for IMD2 calibration has not been previously reported.
Low‐complexity time‐domain linear equaliser for single‐carrier block transmissions
Authors: Ma C.‐Y. , Huang C.‐C. 
Published: September 2013

Traditionally, frequency‐domain equalisers have been used to equalise the single‐carrier block transmission (SCBT) signals. However, to support the frequency‐domain equaliser, two fast Fourier transform modules are required, which will increase the circuit complexity and chip area. A low‐complexity time‐domain linear equaliser for SCBT is proposed, which is less complicated than conventional frequency‐domain equalisers, at the expense of an acceptable degradation in performance. For instance, for 60 GHz conference room non‐line‐of‐sight channels, the complexity can be reduced by half at the expense of a 1.5 dB performance loss.
Small‐area low‐ripple chopper instrumentation amplifier using sample‐and‐hold circuit
Authors: Seol H.‐C. , Kwon Y.‐C. , Kwon O.‐K. 
Published: September 2013

A small‐area low‐ripple chopper instrumentation amplifier (IA) using a sample‐and‐hold circuit is proposed. The proposed chopper IA employs a ripple‐reduction loop (RRL) to suppress chopper ripple which is generated by the up‐modulated offset and 1/ƒ noise. The conventional RRL is not area‐efficient since a sensing capacitor occupies a large chip area. Thus, the RRL using the sample‐and‐hold circuit to reduce the chip area is proposed. The proposed chopper IA is fabricated by using a 0.18 μm CMOS process technology and has a smaller chip area of 0.054 mm2 than that of the state‐of‐the‐art design. The measured input‐referred ripples with and without the proposed RRL are less than 3.12 mV and 67 μV, respectively.
Compact wideband lumped balun with out‐of‐band suppression using tail inductor
Authors: Ye Yu , Li Lingyun , Gu Jianzhong , Sun Xiaowei 
Published: September 2013

A novel compact 2.45 GHz wideband lumped balun with out‐of‐band suppression using a tail inductor has been proposed. By adding an extra transmission zero in even‐mode around operation frequency, the tail inductor can improve phase balanced performance and enlarge operational bandwidth of the balun. Besides, the tail inductor together with a band‐stop resonator can realise out‐of‐band transmission zero in even‐mode. The measured results illustrate a relative 41% bandwidth, namely from 2.35 to 3.35 GHz. Over the operation frequency, a less than 0.5 dB amplitude imbalance and a less than ± 7° phase error have been demonstrated. The out‐of‐band suppressions of two output ports at 5.3 GHz are 24.5 and 27.5 dB, respectively.
New compact Ka‐band CPW rat‐race coupler using GaAs MMIC technology
Authors: Chang C.‐L. , Tseng C.‐H. 
Published: September 2013

A new compact Ka‐band rat‐race coupler (RRC) is proposed and fabricated in the 0.15‐μm GaAs pHEMTs process. Since the developed RRC is implemented by asymmetrical coplanar‐waveguide T‐structures, it has a compact circuit footprint and a return‐loss bandwidth similar to that of the conventional coupler. Besides, a short‐circuited quarter‐wave stub is attached into the ring of the RRC to flatten the output phase responses. The developed coupler has a 47.28% 10‐dB return‐loss bandwidth and only occupies a 20.89% circuit size of the conventional one. By considering the 180° ± 5° phase difference, the frequency range covers from 28.73 to 39.53 GHz with a 31.6% relative bandwidth. Over this frequency range, the amplitude imbalance varies from − 0.269 to 0.8 dB.
Broadband wavelength swept source combining a quantum dot and a quantum well SOA in the wavelength range of 1153–1366 nm
Authors: Jang Wooyoung , Lim Jaeguyn , Kim Hongsig , Ha Jinyong 
Published: September 2013

A wide tuning range wavelength swept laser for high axial resolution optical coherence tomography reported. Here, a parallel configuration of a quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and a quantum well SOA is utilised for broadband optical source. The total scanning range of over 210 nm (192 nm at 10 dB) from 1153 to 1366 nm is reported. To investigate the feasiblity of the swept light source, demonstrated is an optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) system. The system sensitivity of 101 dB is reported and axial resolution of 6.0 µm in air is achieved. Finally, ex vivo OFDI imaging of human breast tissue is performed.
Electro‐optic SSB modulator with 90° hybrid directly prepared onto LiNbO3 substrate
Authors: Enokihara A. , Kawamura K. , Nakao T. , Yamamoto K. , Kawai T. , Kawanishi T. 
Published: September 2013

Optical single‐sideband (SSB) modulation is theoretically realised by applying two modulation signals with a 90° phase difference to the dual‐electrode type electro‐optic (EO) modulator. A branch‐line coupler (BC) as the microwave 90° hybrid was directly prepared on the EO modulator substrate, LiNbO3, to create two modulation signals from a single input signal. Output ports of the BC were connected to the modulation electrodes on the substrate. Thereby, an EO optical SSB modulator was realised with a single‐tip and a small‐sized configuration. The SSB modulator was designed and fabricated for around 10 GHz modulation frequency and 1550 nm light wavelength. The optical SSB modulation operation with a sideband suppression ratio of more than 20 dB was confirmed by the experiment.
SiGe 135‐GHz amplifier with inductive positive feedback operating near fmax
Authors: Kim Hyunchul , Yun Jongwon , Song Kiryong , Rieh Jae‐Sung 
Published: September 2013

A common base five‐stage D‐band amplifier developed in a 0.18‐μm SiGe HBT technology is presented. An inductive positive feedback technique is employed to enhance the gain, leading to 12.2 dB peak gain at 135 GHz with a power consumption of 67.2 mW. Measured output saturated power was − 5.8 dBm. The total chip area including pads is 1.54 × 0.56 mm2.
K‐band 0/180° balanced phase shifter with dc‐offset cancellation
Authors: Lee H.L. , Moon S.‐M. , Dong H.‐J. , Lee M.‐Q. , Yu J.‐W. 
Published: September 2013

K‐band 0°/180° phase shifter MMIC based on balanced structure which can be applied to BPSK or QPSK modulator with dc‐offset cancellation is presented. The proposed balanced phase shifter consists of four Lange couplers, two quarter‐wave transmission lines and four switches for open and short terminations. The proposed structure implemented in GaAs 0.15‐µm low noise pHEMT process ensures stable 0/180° phase shift while common‐mode signals due to the mismatch in reflections by open and short are fed to the isolation port. The proposed phase shifter is verified by the phase shift of 179 ± 1.5° with the insertion loss of 4.5 ± 0.8 dB from 17.5 to 22.5 GHz. The fabricated phase shifter size is 2.2 × 2.85 mm including test pads.
FPGA based flexible UWB pulse transmitter using EM subtraction
Authors: Strackx M. , Faes B. , D'Agostino E. , Leroux P. , Reynaert P. 
Published: September 2013

An all‐digital field programmable gate array based electromagnetic subtraction technique for direct UWB pulse generation is presented. Using this technique, it is possible to generate Gaussian pulses, monocycles or doublets with high flexibility using a single printed circuit board layout. User‐controlled parameters include amplitude, pulse‐width, pulse‐type, repetition rate or even modulation. Measurements indicate a Gaussian pulse with 1.24 V peak amplitude and a 10% pulse‐width of 670 ps can be transmitted at a repetition frequency of 100 MHz. The corresponding − 10 dB bandwidth is 2.8 GHz.
Reconfigurable fully digital transmitter with carrier‐frequency pulse‐width modulation
Authors: Zhou B. , Zhang K. , Zhou W. , Liu D. 
Published: September 2013

A reconfigurable fully digital transmitter with carrier‐frequency (CF) pulse‐width modulation (PWM) is implemented in 180 nm CMOS for low CF applications. Through delay lines, baseband phases are mapped to position delays of 1/4 period of a carrier clock. With delay lines based CF PWM, pre‐corrected baseband envelopes are converted to pulse‐widths of the position‐modulated carrier clock. Both the pulse‐widths and the positions of the modulated carrier clock are amplified and reshaped to the sine‐wave carrier with baseband components by the sequent switched‐mode power amplifier and a bandpass filter. The circuit‐level simulation results verify that the proposed implementation achieves reconfigurable CF and 20 dB spectrum optimisation, when compared with the existing intermediate‐frequency PWM based designs.
Nanosecond pulse fibre laser based on nonlinear polarisation rotation effect
Authors: Anyi C.L. , Haris H. , Harun S.W. , Ali N.M. , Arof H. 
Published: September 2013

A nanosecond pulse erbium‐doped fibre laser (EDFL) is demonstrated based on nonlinear polarisation rotation effect using a highly concentrated EDF in a ring cavity. The EDFL generates a stable multi‐wavelength comb with a constant spacing of 0.22 nm in the 1533.6 nm wavelength region at a pump power of 87.6 mW. A stable mode‐locked operation also commences with a constant repetition rate of 77 MHz with pulse width that varies from 5.3 to 6.8 ns as the pump power is increased from 87.6 to 168.9 mW. With careful adjustment of the polarisation controller, a stable square pulse is obtainable at a pump power of 128.3 mW with a pulse width of 6.5 ns and an average output power of 5.0 mW, which translates to the pulse energy of 35 pJ. The square pulse is generated based on the nonlinear polarisation switching effect inside the laser cavity.
Transversal wideband bandpass filter using open/shorted coupled lines
Authors: Feng Wenjie , Che Wenquan 
Published: September 2013

A novel fifth‐order wideband bandpass filter using open/shorted coupled lines is proposed. A wideband passband with eight transmission zeros from 0 GHz to 2f0 (f0 is centre frequency of the passband) can be achieved respectively due to the superposition of signals of the two transmission paths. A wideband bandpass filter prototype with 3‐dB fractional bandwidth of 62% (2.12–3.98 GHz) is designed and fabricated.
InAs/AlSb quantum cascade lasers operating near 20 µm
Authors: Bahriz M. , Lollia G. , Laffaille P. , Baranov A.N. , Teissier R. 
Published: September 2013

InAs‐based quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) operating near 20 µm are demonstrated. A double metal waveguide fabricated by transfer of the laser active region onto a host InAs substrate has been employed in these devices. The threshold current density of 1.6 kA/cm2 at 80 K is lower than that of InP‐based QCLs emitting in the same spectral region. The lasers operated in pulsed mode up to 170 K.
Compact superconducting dual‐band bandpass filter by combining bandpass and bandstop filters
Authors: Heng Yong , Guo Xubo , Cao Bisong , Wei Bin , Zhang Xiaoping , Zhang Guoyong , Song Xiaoke 
Published: September 2013

A superconducting dual‐band bandpass filter with a mixture of bandpass and bandstop sub‐filters is presented. The bandpass sub‐filter is designed with λ/2 double spiral resonators mid‐tapped by λ/4 connecting lines which act as admittance inverters. The tap position of each resonator is adjusted to meet the required susceptance slope parameter. The bandstop sub‐filter is designed with λ/2 folded resonators embedded in and coupled with the centres of the λ/4 connecting lines. The dual‐band filter is designed and fabricated on an LaAlO3 substrate with a compact size of 30.4 × 10.3 mm. The measurements show good dual‐band response and match well with the simulations.