bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The incretin effect in critically ill patients: a case–control study
Authors: Nielsen Signe Tellerup , Janum Susanne , Krogh-Madsen Rikke , Solomon Thomas P. , Møller Kirsten 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIntroductionPatients admitted to the intensive care unit often develop hyperglycaemia, but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully described. The incretin effect is reduced in patients with type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes and critical illness have phenotypical similarities, such as hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance and systemic inflammation. Previous studies have shown beneficial effects of exogenous glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 on glycaemia in critically ill patients, a phenomenon also seen in patients with type 2 diabetes. In this study, we hypothesised that the incretin effect, which is mediated by the incretin hormones GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), is impaired in critically ill patients.MethodsThe incretin effect (i.e., the relative difference between the insulin response to oral and intravenous glucose administration) was investigated in a cross-sectional case–control study. Eight critically ill patients without diabetes admitted to a mixed intensive care unit and eight healthy control subjects without diabetes, matched at group level by age, sex and body mass index, were included in the study. All subjects underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) followed by an intravenous glucose infusion (IVGI) on the next day to mimic the blood glucose profile from the OGTT. Blood glucose, serum insulin, serum C-peptide and plasma levels of GLP-1, GIP, glucagon and proinflammatory cytokines were measured intermittently. The incretin effect was calculated as the increase in insulin secretion during oral versus intravenous glucose administration in six patients. The groups were compared using either Student’sttest or a mixed model of repeated measurements.ResultsBlood glucose levels were matched between the OGTT and the IVGI in both groups. Compared with control subjects, proinflammatory cytokines, tumour necrosis factor α and interleukin 6, were higher in patients than in control subjects. The endogenous response of GIP and glucagon, but not GLP-1, to the OGTT was greater in patients. The insulin response to the OGTT did not differ between groups, whereas the insulin response to the IVGI was higher in patients. Consequently, the calculated incretin effect was lower in patients (23 vs. 57 %,p = 0.003).ConclusionsIn critically ill patients, the incretin effect was reduced. This resembles previous findings in patients with type 2 diabetes.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier:NCT01347801. Registered on 2 May 2011.
Characterization of secretomes provides evidence for adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells subtypes
Authors: Kalinina Natalia , Kharlampieva Daria , Loguinova Marina , Butenko Ivan , Pobeguts Olga , Efimenko Anastasia , Ageeva Luidmila , Sharonov George , Ischenko Dmitry , Alekseev Dmitry , Grigorieva Olga , Sysoeva Veronika , Rubina Ksenia , Lazarev Vassiliy , Govorun Vadim 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Introduction
This study was aimed at deciphering the secretome of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ADSCs) cultured in standard and hypoxic conditions to reveal proteins, which may be responsible for regenerative action of these cells.

Methods
Human ADSCs were isolated from 10 healthy donors and cultured for 3–4 passages. Cells were serum deprived and cell purity was assessed using multiple cell surface markers. Conditioned media was collected and analyzed using LC-MS with a focus on characterizing secreted proteins.

Results
Purity of the ADSC assessed as CD90+/CD73+/CD105+/CD45-/CD31- cells was greater than 99 % and viability was greater than 97 %. More than 600 secreted proteins were detected in conditioned media of ADSCs. Of these 100 proteins were common to all cultures and included key molecules involved in tissue regeneration such as collagens and collagen maturation enzymes, matrix metalloproteases, matricellular proteins, macrophage-colony stimulating factor and pigment epithelium derived factor. Common set of proteins also included molecules, which contribute to regenerative processes but were not previously associated with ADSCs. These included olfactomedin-like 3, follistatin-like 1 and prosaposin. In addition, ADSCs from the different subjects secreted proteins, which were variable between different cultures. These included proteins with neurotrophic activities, which were not previously associated with ADSCs, such as mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor, meteorin and neuron derived neurotrophic factor. Hypoxia resulted in secretion of 6 proteins, the most prominent included EGF-like repeats and discoidin I-like domains 3, adrenomedullin and ribonuclease 4 of RNase A family. It also caused the disappearance of 8 proteins, including regulator of osteogenic differentiation cartilage-associated protein.

Conclusions
Human ADSCs with CD90+/CD73+/CD105+/CD45-/CD31-/PDGFRβ+/NG2+/CD146+(−) immunophenotype secrete a large array of proteins, the most represented group is comprised of extracellular matrix components. Number of secreted proteins is largely unaffected by prolonged hypoxia. Variability in the secretion of several proteins from cultured ADSCs of individual subjects suggests that these cells exist as a heterogeneous population containing functionally distinct subtypes, which differ in numbers between donors.
Porcine lung mesenchymal stromal cells possess differentiation and immunoregulatory properties
Authors: Khatri Mahesh , O’Brien Timothy D. , Chattha Kuldeep S. , Saif Linda J. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells (MSCs) possess self-renewal, differentiation and immunoregulatory properties, and therefore are being evaluated as cellular therapy for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, and for tissue repair. MSCs isolated from bone marrow are extensively studied. Besides bone marrow, MSCs have been identified in almost all organs of the body including the lungs. Lung-derived MSCs may be more effective as therapy for lung diseases as compared to bone marrow-derived MSCs. Pigs are similar to humans in anatomy, physiology and immunological responses, and thus may serve as a useful large animal preclinical model to study potential cellular therapy for human diseases.

Methods
We isolated MSCs from the lungs (L-MSCs) of 4–6-week-old germ-free pigs. We determined the self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation potential of L-MSCs. We also examined the mechanisms of immunoregulation by porcine L-MSCs.

Results
MSCs isolated from porcine lungs showed spindle-shaped morphology and proliferated actively in culture. Porcine L-MSCs expressed mesenchymal markers CD29, CD44, CD90 and CD105 and lacked the expression of hematopoietic markers CD34 and CD45. These cells were multipotent and differentiated into adipocytes, osteocytes and epithelial cells. Like human MSCs, L-MSCs possessed immunoregulatory properties and inhibited proliferation of T cells and interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α production by T cells and dendritic cells, respectively, and increased the production of T-helper 2 cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 by T cells. L-MSCs induced the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in MSC–T cell co-cultures and inhibition of PGE2 significantly restored (not completely) the immune modulatory effects of L-MSCs.

Conclusions
Here, we demonstrate that MSCs can be isolated from porcine lung and that these cells, similar to human lung MSCs, possess in vitro proliferation, differentiation and immunomodulatory functions. Thus, these cells may serve as a model system to evaluate the contribution of lung MSCs in modulating the immune response, interactions with resident epithelial cells and tissue repair in a pig model of human lung diseases.
Heart rate monitoring using human speech spectral features
Authors: James Alex Pappachen 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis paper attempts to establish a correlation between the human speech, emotions and human heart rate. The study highlights a possible contactless human heart rate measurement technique useful for monitoring of patient condition from real-time speech recordings. The distance between the average peak-to-peak distances in speech Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients are used as the speech features. The features when tested on 20 classifiers from the data collected from 30 subjects indicate a non-separable classification problem, however, the classification accuracies indicate the existence of strong correlation between the human speech, emotion and heart-rates.
High-quality draft genome sequence of Gracilimonas tropica CL-CB462T (DSM 19535T), isolated from a Synechococcus culture
Authors: Choi Dong Han , Ahn Chisang , Jang Gwang Il , Lapidus Alla , Han James , Reddy T. B. K. , Huntemann Marcel , Pati Amrita , Ivanova Natalia , Markowitz Victor , Rohde Manfred , Tindall Brian , Göker Markus , Woyke Tanja , Klenk Hans-Peter , Kyrpides Nikos C , Cho Byung Cheol 
Published: November 2015

AbstractGracilimonas tropica Choi et al. 2009 is a member of order Sphingobacteriales, class Sphingobacteriia. Three species of the genus Gracilimonas have been isolated from marine seawater or a salt mine and showed extremely halotolerant and mesophilic features, although close relatives are extremely halophilic or thermophilic. The type strain of the type species of Gracilimonas, G. tropica DSM19535T, was isolated from a Synechococcus culture which was established from the tropical sea-surface water of the Pacific Ocean. The genome of the strain DSM19535T was sequenced through the Genomic Encyclopedia of Type Strains, Phase I: the one thousand microbial genomes project. Here, we describe the genomic features of the strain. The 3,831,242 bp long draft genome consists of 48 contigs with 3373 protein-coding and 53 RNA genes. The strain seems to adapt to phosphate limitation and requires amino acids from external environment. In addition, genomic analyses and pasteurization experiment suggested that G. tropica DSM19535T did not form spore.
Working draft genome sequence of the mesophilic acetate oxidizing bacterium Syntrophaceticus schinkii strain Sp3
Authors: Manzoor Shahid , Müller Bettina , Niazi Adnan , Schnürer Anna , Bongcam-Rudloff Erik 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSyntrophaceticus schinkii strain Sp3 is a mesophilic syntrophic acetate oxidizing bacterium, belonging to the Clostridia class within the phylum Firmicutes, originally isolated from a mesophilic methanogenic digester. It has been shown to oxidize acetate in co-cultivation with hydrogenotrophic methanogens forming methane. The draft genome shows a total size of 3,196,921 bp, encoding 3,688 open reading frames, which includes 3,445 predicted protein-encoding genes and 55 RNA genes. Here, we are presenting assembly and annotation features as well as basic genomic properties of the type strain Sp3.
Complete genome sequence of Bacillus cereus FORC_005, a food-borne pathogen from the soy sauce braised fish-cake with quail-egg
Authors: Lee Dong-Hoon , Kim Hye Rim , Chung Han Young , Lim Jong Gyu , Kim Suyeon , Kim Se Keun , Ku Hye-Jin , Kim Heebal , Ryu Sangryeol , Choi Sang Ho , Lee Ju-Hoon 
Published: November 2015

AbstractDue to abundant contamination in various foods, the pathogenesis of Bacillus cereus has been widely studied in physiological and molecular level. B. cereus FORC_005 was isolated from a Korean side dish, soy sauce braised fish-cake with quail-egg in South Korea. While 21 complete genome sequences of B. cereus has been announced to date, this strain was completely sequenced, analyzed, and compared with other complete genome sequences of B. cereus to elucidate the distinct pathogenic features of a strain isolated in South Korea. The genomic DNA containing a circular chromosome consists of 5,349,617-bp with a GC content of 35.29 %. It was predicted to have 5170 open reading frames, 106 tRNA genes, and 42 rRNA genes. Among the predicted ORFs, 3892 ORFs were annotated to encode functional proteins (75.28 %) and 1278 ORFs were predicted to encode hypothetical proteins (748 conserved and 530 non-conserved hypothetical proteins). This genome information of B. cereus FORC_005 would extend our understanding of its pathogenesis in genomic level for efficient control of its contamination in foods and further food poisoning.
Why Do You Need to Use a Caries Risk Assessment Protocol to Provide an Effective Caries Preventive Regime?
Authors: Afuakwah Charles , Welbury Richard 
Published: November 2015

Background Clinical guidelines recommend an individual is given a caries risk status based on analysis of defined clinical and social criteria before implementing a tailored preventive plan. Aims Improve documentation of caries risk assessment (CRA) in a general dental practice setting, using a systems-based approach to quality improvement methods. Investigate the impact of quality improvement efforts on subsequent design and delivery of preventive care. Identify barriers to delivery of CRA and provision of preventive care. Design Data for patients aged 0–16 years was collected over two cycles using standard audit methodology. The first cycle was a retrospective analysis (n=400) using random sampling. The second cycle a prospective analysis (n=513) using consecutive sampling over a 15-week period. Five staff meetings with feedback occurred between cycles. Results In cycle one, no specific CRA system was identified. CRA status was not stated widely, risk factors were not analysed and there was variation with respect to the prescription and delivery of preventive strategies. These discrepancies were demonstrable for all four participating dentists and at all ages. In cycle two, 100% recorded CRA. All risk factors were analysed and individual caries risk was correctly annotated. There was 100% compliance with the protocol for preventive plans. Conclusions The use of CRA improved documentation of caries risk status. This has improved subsequent prescription of age specific evidence-based preventive care appropriate to the risk status of that individual. Barriers were identified to the delivery of CRA and the provision of comprehensive preventive care by the dentists and other healthcare professionals.
Effective Caries Prevention in a Hebridean Island Population
Authors: Formby Margaret 
Published: November 2015

Background The Isle of Islay has a remote-rural population. Two dentists have been responsible for the care of the majority of the school-age children for 15 years. The island affords a unique situation to measure caries prevalence in a relatively static population. Aim This study measures the changes in the dental caries experience of five and 12-year olds exposed to a preventive-based approach to improving dental health, which included a school-based tooth-brushing programme (four to 12-year-olds). Design Data from practice-based records were collected for children aged five and 12 in the years 1999–2003 and 2012–2014. Indices including percentage of children with no obvious caries, decayed, missing or filled teeth (dmft/DMFT) and care indexes were calculated, translated into graphs and compared to Scotland's National Dental Inspection Programme (NDIP) data. Results 478 children were included in the study. The mean number in each year group for five-year-olds was 28 (SD±5.65) and for 12-year-olds was 31.75 (SD±8.30). The percentage of children caries-free increased from 39% to 85% (five-year-olds) and 31% to 97% (12-year-olds). DMFT decreased from 3.04 to 0.30 (five-year-olds) and 3.74 to 0.03 (12-year-olds). Figures for care index and percentage of first permanent molars fissure sealed were higher than national data averages. Conclusion Caries prevalence decreased in children in Islay aged five and 12 years over the period 1999–2014. There was no control group but the differences described above can be associated with the introduction of a preventive approach, however they cannot be assumed to be causative.
Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Cancer Diagnosis and Surgical Margin Evaluation
Authors: Ifa Demian R , Eberlin Livia S 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere is a clinical need for new technologies that would enable rapid disease diagnosis based on diagnostic molecular signatures. Ambient ionization mass spectrometry has revolutionized the means by which molecular information can be obtained from tissue samples in real time and with minimal sample pretreatment. New developments in ambient ionization techniques applied to clinical research suggest that ambient ionization mass spectrometry will soon become a routine medical tool for tissue diagnosis.CONTENTThis review summarizes the main developments in ambient ionization techniques applied to tissue analysis, with focus on desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, probe electrospray ionization, touch spray, and rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry. We describe their applications to human cancer research and surgical margin evaluation, highlighting integrated approaches tested for ex vivo and in vivo human cancer tissue analysis. We also discuss the challenges for clinical implementation of these tools and offer perspectives on the future of the field.SUMMARYA variety of studies have showcased the value of ambient ionization mass spectrometry for rapid and accurate cancer diagnosis. Small molecules have been identified as potential diagnostic biomarkers, including metabolites, fatty acids, and glycerophospholipids. Statistical analysis allows tissue discrimination with high accuracy rates (&gt;95%) being common. This young field has challenges to overcome before it is ready to be broadly accepted as a medical tool for cancer diagnosis. Growing research in new, integrated ambient ionization mass spectrometry technologies and the ongoing improvements in the existing tools make this field very promising for future translation into the clinic.
Problem-finding as a research strategy connecting undergraduate learning with staff research in contemporary education institutions
Authors: Gale Cathy 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
While ‘problem-solving’ is defined as a research method based on a number of givens in a linear process, ‘problem-finding’ is an open-ended mode of design, actively engaging participants in a reciprocal discourse. This method of learning by doing is implicit in design education. To examine problem-finding in the context of undergraduate study a collaborative staff–student research project is presented in the form of a case study. By continuing to find ‘problems’, design educators and students alike are challenged to push the boundaries of the discipline and frame it more centrally as an agent of change in society and culture. In a development of my Ph.D. and HEA Teaching Fellowship the design process is framed as a bridge between academic research and student employability. In this context I suggest that research strategies developed through doctoral study can extend and substantiate teaching and learning in design.
A living lie or living truth: Hypertextual, intertextual and discursive aspects of web pages dealing with the Protocols of Zion
Authors: Mattus Maria 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The Protocols of the Wise Men of Zion describe a Jewish conspiracy against the world. In 1921 they were proven to be a forgery, but are still used for anti-Semitic purposes. On the Internet the Protocols can easily be spread and discussed. This study aims at exploring the use on the Internet today, by whom, for what purposes and in what contexts. The first twenty web pages found through the search engine Google (www.google.se) when searching for sions vises protokoll were analysed based on the concept of The Hypertextual Dialogue with three levels: a technical level, an intertextual level and a discursive level. The result focuses on the function of the links as well as the use of different types of texts. There are discourses related to history, media, rhetoric, ideology/religion and literature, and, on a wider perspective, to a discourse about freedom of speech on the Internet.
Embodying change: Cinematic representations of Indigenous women’s bodies, a cross-cultural comparison
Authors: Gauthier Jennifer L. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Indigenous women have been exoticized, objectified and hypersexualized throughout the history of cinema. As more Indigenous film-makers take the camera into their own hands, they challenge these representations and disrupt existing hierarchies of power. Here I examine the work of two Indigenous women film-makers, Tracey Moffatt (Aboriginal Australian) and Tracey Deer (Mohawk), whose films speak back to historical images of Native women. Rather than exotic objects of the man’s gaze, they are powerful agents of their own lives and identities. Through close readings of two films, Moffatt’s Nice Coloured Girls and Deer’s Club Native I argue that their work exemplifies a unique Indigenous aesthetic. Rooted in Fourth Cinema, this genre highlights such issues as performativity, motherhood and Indigenous women’s embodied experiences.
Sites of exuberance: Barry Barclay and Fourth Cinema, ten years on
Authors: Milligan Christina 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The Ma-ori film-maker Barry Barclay used the term ‘Fourth Cinema’ to describe indigenous cinema, a philosophy based on his own practice as a director. He sought to privilege the indigenous gaze and the indigenous audience by centralizing te ao Ma-ori or the Ma-ori world-view in principle and in practice. However, much has changed in the world of film-making since Barclay developed his theory. The range of storytelling by Ma-ori on large and small screens has increased exponentially, and Ma-ori films such as Boy (Waititi, 2010) and Mt Zion (Kahi, 2013) have reached the top of the domestic box office, implying a wide Ma-ori and non- Ma-ori audience within the settler-centric culture of New Zealand. This article reviews and contextualizes Barclay’s philosophy. It then uses his central concepts to examine the feature Mt Zion, exploring aspects of the film’s text, production and distribution, to establish what conclusions can be drawn regarding the relevance of Barclay’s thinking to the practice of a new generation of Ma-ori film-makers.
Book Reviews
Authors: Austin Michael , Solis Nicole Eschen 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Geisha of a Different Kind: Race and Sexuality in Gaysian America, C. Winter Han (2015) New York: New York University Press, 256 pp., ISBN: 9781479831951, Hardback, $89.00, ISBN: 9781479855209, Paperback, $26.00
Mid-course correction: ‘Don’t ask, don’t tell’ and Stargate SG-1 femslash
Authors: Millward Liz , Dodd Janice G. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This article explores Stargate SG-1 (1997–2007, SciFi) fanfiction responses to the ‘don’t ask, don’t tell’ (DADT) policy of the United States Department of Defense. It examines 58 examples of femslash that depict a same-sex relationship between char- acters Samantha Carter and Janet Fraiser. It suggests that this fanfiction mirrors the evolving public debates regarding lesbians and gays in the military and critiques DADT in two ways. First, the femslash demonstrates that the television show repre- sents a realistic version of conditions under DADT. The second approach uses the science fiction elements of the series to critically comment on the assumptions behind DADT, such as unit cohesion based on compulsory heterosexuality. Sam/Janet femslash insists on the possibility of a valid lesbian existence within the US military and beyond.