bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On radiation effects on hydromagnetic Newtonian liquid flow due to an exponential stretching sheet
Authors: Kameswaran PK , Narayana M , Sibanda P , Makanda G 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The paper investigates the radiation effect on the magnetohydrodynamic Newtonian fluid flow over an exponentially stretching sheet. The effects of frictional heating and viscous dissipation on the heat transport are taken into account. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations using a suitable similarity transformation. Zero-order analytical solutions of the momentum equation and confluent hypergeometric solutions of heat and mass transport equations are obtained. The accuracy of analytical solutions is verified by numerical solutions obtained using a shooting technique that uses a Runge-Kutta-Felhberg integration scheme and a Newton-Raphson correction scheme. The effects of the radiation parameter, the magnetic parameter, Gebhart and Schmidt numbers on the momentum, heat and mass transports are discussed. The skin friction and heat and mass transfer coefficients for various physical parameters are discussed.
Lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation leads to the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and increases susceptibility to neurodegeneration induced by proteasome inhibition in rat hippocampus
Authors: Pintado Cristina , Gavilán María P , Gavilán Elena , García-Cuervo Luisa , Gutiérrez Antonia , Vitorica Javier , Castaño Angélica , Ríos Rosa M , Ruano Diego 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Background
Neuroinflammation and protein accumulation are characteristic hallmarks of both normal aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. However, the relationship between these factors in neurodegenerative processes is poorly understood. We have previously shown that proteasome inhibition produced higher neurodegeneration in aged than in young rats, suggesting that other additional age-related events could be involved in neurodegeneration. We evaluated the role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation as a potential synergic risk factor for hippocampal neurodegeneration induced by proteasome inhibition.

Methods
Young male Wistar rats were injected with 1 μL of saline or LPS (5 mg/mL) into the hippocampus to evaluate the effect of LPS-induced neuroinflammation on protein homeostasis. The synergic effect of LPS and proteasome inhibition was analyzed in young rats that first received 1 μL of LPS and 24 h later 1 μL (5 mg/mL) of the proteasome inhibitor lactacystin. Animals were sacrificed at different times post-injection and hippocampi isolated and processed for gene expression analysis by real-time polymerase chain reaction; protein expression analysis by western blots; proteasome activity by fluorescence spectroscopy; immunofluorescence analysis by confocal microscopy; and degeneration assay by Fluoro-Jade B staining.

Results
LPS injection produced the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins in hippocampal neurons, increased expression of the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UB2L6, decreased proteasome activity and increased immunoproteasome content. However, LPS injection was not sufficient to produce neurodegeneration. The combination of neuroinflammation and proteasome inhibition leads to higher neuronal accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins, predominant expression of pro-apoptotic markers and increased neurodegeneration, when compared with LPS or lactacystin (LT) injection alone.

Conclusions
Our results identify neuroinflammation as a risk factor that increases susceptibility to neurodegeneration induced by proteasome inhibition. These results highlight the modulation of neuroinflammation as a mechanism for neuronal protection that could be relevant in situations where both factors are present, such as aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
CD20-positive NK/T-cell lymphoma with indolent clinical course: report of case and review of literature
Authors: Jiang Qing-ping , Liu Shao-yan , Yang Yue-xin , Tan Xue-xian , Peng Juan , Xiong Zhong-tang , Li Zhi 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAbstractCD20-positive T-cell lymphoma is extremely rare and only two cases of CD20-positive NK/T-cell lymphoma with aggressive clinical courses have been described in the literature. We present a case of unusual NK/T-cell lymphoma with CD20 expression in nasal cavity occurring in an elder female patient. The patient had presented with left nasal cavity nodule for 10 years. CT scan revealed a mass was located at the left anterior nasal cavity and was observed to extend into the ethmoid sinus. There was no regional lymph node involvement. Biopsy was performed and microscopical inspection revealed the lesion was composed of small- to middle-size atypical lymphoid cell, histiocytes, eosinophils, and neutrophils. The lymphoid cells were strongly immunoreactive to CD3, CD20, CD56, TIA-1 and granzyme-B. The Epstein-Barr virus genomes were also found in tumor cells by in situ hybridization. By genetic analysis, however, no clonal rearrangement of the T cell receptor-γ genes (TCRG), or the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene was found. A diagnosis of CD20-positive extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type was made. The patient refused chemotherapy, and had been only on regular follow-up for 6 months. There was no sign of enlargement of tumor and extra-nasal dissemination by whole body positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) study. The accurate diagnosis of NK/T-cell lymphoma with CD20 expression is important, but the indolent behavior of the present case is more unusual. A long-term follow-up is suggested to be performed to inspect the progression for this tumor.Virtual slidesThe virtual slides for this article can be found here:http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1320848277788495
Ethanol and anaerobic conditions reversibly inhibit commercial cellulase activity in thermophilic simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (tSSF)
Authors: Podkaminer Kara K , Kenealy William R , Herring Christopher D , Hogsett David A , Lynd Lee R 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Background
A previously developed mathematical model of low solids thermophilic simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (tSSF) with Avicel was unable to predict performance at high solids using a commercial cellulase preparation (Spezyme CP) and the high ethanol yield Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum strain ALK2. The observed hydrolysis proceeded more slowly than predicted at solids concentrations greater than 50 g/L Avicel. Factors responsible for this inaccuracy were investigated in this study.

Results
Ethanol dramatically reduced cellulase activity in tSSF. At an Avicel concentration of 20 g/L, the addition of ethanol decreased conversion at 96 hours, from 75% in the absence of added ethanol down to 32% with the addition of 34 g/L initial ethanol. This decrease is much greater than expected based on hydrolysis inhibition results in the absence of a fermenting organism. The enhanced effects of ethanol were attributed to the reduced, anaerobic conditions of tSSF, which were shown to inhibit cellulase activity relative to hydrolysis under aerobic conditions. Cellulose hydrolysis in anaerobic conditions was roughly 30% slower than in the presence of air. However, this anaerobic inhibition was reversed by exposing the cellulase enzymes to air.

Conclusion
This work demonstrates a previously unrecognized incompatibility of enzymes secreted by an aerobic fungus with the fermentation conditions of an anaerobic bacterium and suggests that enzymes better suited to industrially relevant fermentation conditions would be valuable. The effects observed may be due to inactivation or starvation of oxygen dependent GH61 activity, and manipulation or replacement of this activity may provide an opportunity to improve biomass to fuel process efficiency.
Molecular Gene Expression Profiling to Predict the Tissue of Origin and Direct Site-Specific Therapy in Patients With Carcinoma of Unknown Primary Site: A Prospective Trial of the Sarah Cannon Research Institute
Authors: Hainsworth John D. , Rubin Mark S. , Spigel David R. , Boccia Ralph V. , Raby Samuel , Quinn Raven , Greco F. Anthony 
Published: October 2012

Purpose Molecular tumor profiling is a promising diagnostic technique to determine the tissue of origin in patients with carcinoma of unknown primary site (CUP). However, the clinical value of these molecular predictions is unknown. We used tumor profiling results to direct site-specific therapy for patients with CUP. Patients and Methods Tumor biopsy specimens from previously untreated patients with CUP were tested with a 92-gene reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction cancer classification assay. When a tissue of origin was predicted, patients who were treatment candidates received standard site-specific first-line therapy. Results Of 289 patients enrolled, 252 had successful assays performed, and 247 (98%) had a tissue of origin predicted. Sites most commonly predicted were biliary tract (18%), urothelium (11%), colorectal (10%), and non–small-cell lung (7%). Two hundred twenty-three patients were treatment candidates, and 194 patients received assay-directed site-specific treatment. In these 194 patients, the median survival time was 12.5 months (95% CI, 9.1 to 15.4 months). When the assay predicted tumor types that were clinically more responsive, the median survival was significantly improved when compared with predictions of more resistant tumors (13.4 v 7.6 months, respectively; P = .04). Conclusion In this large prospective trial, molecular tumor profiling predicted a tissue of origin in most patients with CUP. The median survival time of 12.5 months for patients who received assay-directed site-specific therapy compares favorably with previous results using empiric CUP regimens. Patients with CUP predicted to have more responsive tumor types had longer survival compared with patients with less responsive tumor types. Molecular tumor profiling contributes to the management of patients with CUP and should be a part of their standard evaluation.
Radio-opacity and incidental identified mechanical complications of totally implantable venous access devices placed in the chest
Authors: Surov Alexey , Rusner Carsten , Weigand Karl , John Endres , Spielmann Rolf Peter , Behrmann C 
Published: October 2012

Background Totally implantable venous access devices (TIVAD) may be associated with different complications. Certain mechanical port disorders can easily be diagnosed on chest radiographs if the implanted systems are radiopaque and well visible. There are no reports regarding the visibility of TIVAD on chest X-rays. Purpose To assess the radio opacity of TIVAD implanted in the chest as well as type and frequency of mechanical complications of ports on chest X-ray images. Material and Methods Chest X-rays of 985 patients from the time period 2007-2009 were analyzed retrospectively. In these patients 1190 TIVAD were inserted. All parts of the TIVAD, i.e. port chamber, connection, and port catheter, were checked for their visibility on chest radiographs. An opacity score was used here as follows: ++ well visible; + visible; - partly or completely invisible. Mechanical complications of TIVAD incidentally detected on chest X-ray were also analyzed retrospectively. Results Nineteen TIVAD models with diverse configuration and visibility of port chambers, connections, and catheters were identified in our study. Eighty-eight percent of the analyzed port systems were well visible or visible on chest radiographs. Twelve percent of the port chambers and catheters were partly visible or completely invisible. In 9% of the TIVAD, different mechanical complications were diagnosed on chest X-ray images. Conclusion TIVADs should be evaluated carefully on every chest X-ray. Ideally, they should be radio-opaque and well visible on thoracic X-ray images. Unfortunately, this is not always the case. Therefore, manufacturers of TIVAD should take into consideration to use exclusively radio-opaque materials that allow sufficient visibility of each port component on chest radiographs.
Improving Long-Term Wind Speed Assessment using Joint Probability Functions Applied to Three Wind Data Sets
Authors: Casella Livio 
Published: October 2012

An algorithm for long-term wind speed correction is proposed that uses two reference wind data sets to correct the short-term measurements at the target site; the assessment is computed using one joint probability distribution function which is derivided from the three concurrent records in the short-term period and other two ones built from the concurrent reference data collected in both long-term and short-term periods. Validation has been carried out against Jpwind algorithm, which is based on the standard correlation analysis between two sites, showing comparable performance in one test case when high level of correlation is present between pairs of met-masts. Other tests, opportunely arranged using artificial wind data time series, show that the implemented method achieves better score, proving that the addition of one reference wind data set can potential increase the accuracy of the long-term assessment.
A PAUC-based Estimation Technique for Disease Classification and Biomarker Selection
Authors: Schmid Matthias , Hothorn Torsten , Krause Friedemann , Rabe Christina 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The partial area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (PAUC) is a well-established performance measure to evaluate biomarker combinations for disease classification. Because the PAUC is defined as the area under the ROC curve within a restricted interval of false positive rates, it enables practitioners to quantify sensitivity rates within pre-specified specificity ranges. This issue is of considerable importance for the development of medical screening tests. Although many authors have highlighted the importance of PAUC, there exist only few methods that use the PAUC as an objective function for finding optimal combinations of biomarkers. In this paper, we introduce a boosting method for deriving marker combinations that is explicitly based on the PAUC criterion. The proposed method can be applied in high-dimensional settings where the number of biomarkers exceeds the number of observations. Additionally, the proposed method incorporates a recently proposed variable selection technique (stability selection) that results in sparse prediction rules incorporating only those biomarkers that make relevant contributions to predicting the outcome of interest. Using both simulated data and real data, we demonstrate that our method performs well with respect to both variable selection and prediction accuracy. Specifically, if the focus is on a limited range of specificity values, the new method results in better predictions than other established techniques for disease classification.
Stability results for some classical convexity operations
Authors: Artstein-Avidan S. , Milman V. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
We study stability and super-stability results, in isomorphic form, for several equations on transforms of convex functions and bodies. We show that additivity of mappings on convex functions is super-stable, and that for maps on closed convex sets which include 0 both additivity and order preservation are stable.
Asymptotic estimates on the time derivative of entropy on a Riemannian manifold
Authors: Lim A. P. C. , Luo D. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
We consider the entropy of the solution to the heat equation on a Riemannian manifold. When the manifold is compact, we provide two estimates on the rate of change of the entropy in terms of the lower bound on the Ricci curvature and the spectral gap respectively. Our explicit computation for the three dimensional hyperbolic space shows that the time derivative of the entropy is asymptotically bounded by two positive constants.
Long-term Outcomes of Infant Behavioral Dysregulation
Authors: Hyde Rebecca , O’Callaghan Michael J. , Bor William , Williams Gail M. , Najman Jake M. 
Published: October 2012

OBJECTIVES:To determine whether maternal report of infant behavioral dysregulation at 6 months is associated with a higher prevalence of behavioral concerns at 5, 14, and 21 years of age; and to assess the extent to which maternal and social factors may affect reported child behavior outcomes.METHODS:From the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy cohort of 7223 live singleton babies, information on dysregulation was available for 6389 children at 6 months. Of those children, behavior data were available for 4836 at 5 years by using a modified Child Behavior Checklist, 4746 at 14 years by using a full Child Behavior Checklist and Youth Self-Report, and 3558 at 21 years by using a Young Adult Self-Report. Of the youth with dysregulation data at 6 months, 2308 completed the Composite International Diagnostic Interview at 21 years. Potential confounding and mediating factors were analyzed by using logistic regression.RESULTS:Maternal-reported behavioral dysregulation at 6 months was associated with a significantly higher prevalence of maternal-reported behavior problems at 5 and 14 years (P &lt; .001), but not youth self-reported problems at 14 or 21 years, or Composite International Diagnostic Interview–Diagnostic and Statistical Manual diagnoses at 21 years. The strength of association between infant dysregulation and maternal-reported behaviors was greater at 5 years than at 14 years, and was substantially reduced by adjusting for maternal, social, and infant factors, especially potentially the mediating factors of maternal anxiety and depression.CONCLUSIONS:Infant behavioral dysregulation was a risk factor for maternal-reported behavior concerns at 5 and 14 years, although was unrelated to young adult mental health.
Treatment of Supra‐Alveolar‐Type Defects by a Simplified Papilla Preservation Technique for Access Flap Surgery With or Without Enamel Matrix Proteins
Authors: Di Tullio Marcella , Femminella Beatrice , Pilloni Andrea , Romano Luigi , D'Arcangelo Camillo , De Ninis Paolo , Paolantonio Michele 
Published: October 2012

Background: In this study, we compare the effectiveness of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) associated with a simplified papilla preservation flap (SPPF) technique to SPPF alone when surgically treating supra‐alveolar‐type defects.Methods: Fifty patients, from 54 initially selected, presenting horizontal bone loss around ≥4 adjacent teeth, were treated by an SPPF technique; 25 participants also received EMD (test group) and 25 patients underwent flap surgery alone (control group). A complete clinical and radiographic examination was performed at baseline and 12 months after treatment. Pre‐ and post‐therapy probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival recession (GR), and radiographic bone level (BL) were compared between treatments.Results: After 12 months, PD, CAL, and GR in both groups showed significant differences from baseline (P <0.001). No differences in BL scores were observed within the groups at the 12‐month examination. After 1 year, the test group showed significantly (P <0.001) greater PD reduction (3.4 ± 0.7 mm) and CAL gain (2.8 ± 0.8 mm) and a smaller GR increase (0.6 ± 0.4 mm) compared to the control group (PD, 2.2 ± 0.8 mm; CAL, 1.0 ± 0.6 mm; GR, 1.2 ± 0.7 mm.) BL changes did not significantly differ between the experimental groups.Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that combining EMD and SPPF in the treatment of suprabony defects may lead to a greater clinical improvement compared to SPPF alone.
Clinical Efficacy of Subgingivally Delivered 1.2% Atorvastatin in Chronic Periodontitis: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Pradeep A.R. , Kumari Minal , Rao Nishanth S. , Martande Santosh S. , Naik Savitha B. 
Published: October 2012

Background: Atorvastatin (ATV) is a specific competitive inhibitor of 3‐hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐glutaryl coenzyme A reductase. Recently, statins have shown pleiotropic effects such as anti‐inflammation and bone stimulation. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effectiveness of 1.2% ATV as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of intrabony defects (IBDs).Methods: Sixty individuals were randomized into two treatment groups: SRP plus 1.2% ATV and SRP plus placebo gel. At baseline and 3, 6, and 9 months, clinical parameters, which included modified sulcus bleeding index, plaque index, probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL), were recorded at baseline. Radiologic assessment of IBD fill was done using computer‐aided software at baseline and 6 and 9 months.Results: Mean PD reduction and mean CAL gain were greater in the ATV group than the placebo group at 3, 6, and 9 months. A significantly greater mean percentage of radiographic bone fill was found in the ATV group (35.49% ± 5.50%) compared to the placebo group (1.82% ± 1.32%) after 9 months.Conclusion: ATV as an adjunct to SRP can provide a new direction in the management of IBDs.
Prospective Associations Between Emotional Distress and Poor Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Aikens James E. 
Published: October 2012

OBJECTIVECross-sectional studies link both depressive symptoms (DS) and diabetes-related distress (DRD) to diabetes self-management and/or glycemic control. However, longitudinal studies of these variables are rare, and their results are somewhat conflicting. The study objective was to compare DS and DRD as longitudinal predictors of medication adherence, self-care behavior, and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSPrimary care patients with type 2 diabetes reported DS, DRD, and other variables at baseline were studied. Medication adherence, self-care behaviors (diet, physical activity, and glucose testing), and glycemic control (HbA1c) were assessed 6 months later (n = 253). Cross-sectional and longitudinal regression analyses were used to model behavioral and medical outcomes as a function of baseline confounders, DS, and DRD.RESULTSAdjusted cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses yielded very similar results. In the latter, only DS were significantly associated with future diet behavior (P = 0.049), physical activity (P = 0.001), and glucose testing (P = 0.018). In contrast, only DRD predicted future glycemic control (P &lt; 0.001) and medication adherence (P = 0.011).CONCLUSIONSDistress-outcome associations seem to vary by type of distress under consideration. Only DS predicts future lifestyle-oriented self-management behaviors. In contrast, only DRD predicts glycemic control, perhaps by decreasing medication adherence. Clinical assessment and intervention should encompass both types of distress, unless the goal is to narrowly target a highly specific outcome.
Microstructure and high temperature deformation of an ultra-fine grained ECAP AA7075 aluminium alloy
Authors: Málek Přemysl , Turba Kryštof , Cieslar Miroslav , Harcuba Petr 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAn AA 7075 aluminium alloy with an ultra-fine grained structure was prepared through equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) at pressing temperatures TECAP of 120, 170, and 220 °C. A decrease in TECAP from 220 to 120 °C was found to lead to a more pronounced refinement of the microstructure and to worse stability of the microstructure – the onset of grain coarsening was displaced to lower temperatures. The material pressed with the highest TECAP exhibited superplastic behaviour at temperatures close to 400 °C and grain boundary sliding was identified as the dominant operating deformation mechanism. The materials prepared with both of the lower TECAP exhibited only enhanced ductility of about 200 %, however this behaviour was observed at temperatures as low as 200 °C. It was found that this “low temperature superplasticity” resulted from a combined operation of grain boundary sliding at selected grain boundaries and glide of lattice dislocations.