bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Part II: an evaluation of an integrated systems approach using diffusion-weighted, image-guided, exoscopic-assisted, transulcal radial corridors
Authors: Kassam Amin B. , Labib Mohamed A. , Bafaquh Mohammed , Ghinda Diana , Fukui Melanie B. , Nguyen Thanh , Corsten Martin 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Background: Subcortical injury resulting from the surgical access and management of lesions in the sensorimotor area is associated with a high degree of cognitive and functional morbidity.

Methods: We used a systems approach integrating the six core competencies of the 6 Pillar approach: 1) image interpretation and trajectory planning; 2) dynamic navigation; 3) radial transulcal access and cannulation; 4) exoscopic high-definition optics; 5) resection with automated nonthermal mechanical instrumentation; and 6) regenerative medicine. We describe the application of the 6 Pillar approach to 13 consecutive patients with lesions in the sensorimotor area.

Results: Eight females and five males with lesions in the sensorimotor area were treated using the 6 Pillar approach. There were eight tumors, one abscess, and four primary intracranial hemorrhages. Fifteen procedures were performed. Postoperatively, seven patients improved neurologically (three tumors, one abscess, and three ICHs), five remained unchanged, and one patient died. There was no worsening of pre-existing deficits.

Conclusion: The integration of the 6 Pillar approach provides a safe and effective parafascicular minimally invasive corridor to subcortical lesions involving the sensorimotor area. Future studies will be needed to determine long-term efficacy, durability, and degree of resection within each category.
Are there anamnestic risk factors for iron deficiency in pregnancy? Results from a feasibility study
Authors: Kirschner Wolf , Dudenhausen Joachim W. , Henrich Wolfgang 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe conditions of iron deficiency are highly incident in pregnancy with elevated risks for preterm birth and low birth weight. In our recent study, we found 6% of participants having anemia, whereas between 39% and 47% showed iron deficiency without anemia. In many countries in prenatal care solely hemoglobin (Hb) measurement is applied. For the gynecologists till date there is no indication to determine other markers (e.g., serum-ferritin). As iron deficiency results from an imbalance between intake and loss of iron, our aim was to find out if the risk of iron deficiency conditions can be estimated by a diet history protocol as well as questionnaires to find about iron loss. We found that the risk of having iron deficiency in upper gestational week (>=21) increased by a factor of five. Thus, additional diagnostics should be done in this group by now. Using the questionnaire as a screening instrument, we further estimated the probability of disease in terms of a positive likelihood ratio (LR+). The positive LR for the group below 21
Bound States of Spinless Particles in a Short-Range Potential
Authors: Hassanabadi Hassan , de Castro Antonio Soares 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
With a general mixing of vector and scalar couplings in a two-dimensional world, a short-range potential is used to explore certain features of the bound states of a spinless particle. Bound-state solutions are found in terms of the Gauss hypergeometric series when the potential parameters obey a certain constraint relation limiting the dosage of a vector coupling. The appearance of the Schiff–Snyder–Weinberg effect for a strong vector coupling and a short-range potential as well as its suppression by the addition of a scalar coupling is discussed.
Pediatric Palliative Care and Inpatient Hospital Costs: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Smith Andrew G. , Andrews Seth , Bratton Susan L. , Sheetz Joan , Feudtner Chris , Zhong Wenjun , Maloney Christopher G. 
Published: March 2015

BACKGROUND:
Pediatric palliative care (PPC) improves the quality of life for children with life-limiting conditions, but the cost of care associated with PPC has not been quantified. This study examined the association between inpatient cost and receipt of PPC among high-cost inpatients.

METHODS:
The 10% most costly inpatients treated at a children’s hospital in 2010 were studied, and factors associated with receipt of PPC were determined. Among patients dying during 2010, we compared 2010 inpatient costs between PPC recipients and nonrecipients. Inpatient costs during the 2-year follow up period between PPC recipients and nonrecipients were also compared. Patients were analyzed in 2 groups: those who died and those who survived the 2-year follow-up.

RESULTS:
Of 902 patients, 86 (10%) received PPC. Technology dependence, older age, multiple chronic conditions, PICU admission, and death in 2010 were independently associated with receipt of PPC. PPC recipients had increased inpatient costs compared with nonrecipients during 2010. Among patients who died during the 2-year follow-up, PPC recipients had significantly lower inpatient costs. Among survivors, PPC recipients had greater inpatient costs. When controlling for patient complexity, differences in inpatient costs were not significant.

CONCLUSIONS:
The relationship of PPC to inpatient costs is complex. PPC seems to lower costs among patients approaching death. Patients selectively referred to PPC who survive most often do so with chronic serious illnesses that predispose them to remain lifelong high-resource utilizers.
New Pediatricians: First Jobs and Future Workplace Goals
Authors: Freed Gary L. , McGuinness Gail A. , Moran Lauren M. , Spera Laura , Althouse Linda A. 
Published: March 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Concern is often expressed about the satisfaction of new physicians and the potential match of their workplace goals with available positions. We studied the interface of desired professional activities with actual initial positions.

METHODS:
Survey study of all general pediatricians taking the 2012 General Pediatrics Certifying Examination.

RESULTS:
Of the 5210 who sat for the General Pediatrics Certifying Examination, 5163 (&gt;99%) completed the survey. Of the total respondents, 45% self- identified as general pediatricians (N = 2327). Of those who completed training &lt;2 years ago (N = 1365), most were currently engaged in clinical care (87%; N = 1190). The most important factor, cited most frequently by both men and women, in the choice of their first job was lifestyle and spousal or family considerations. Most (83%; N = 977) reported that the allocation of time for specific duties in their current position was consistent with their goals, with no differences between men and women. Most had no desire for inpatient activity.

CONCLUSIONS:
Despite concerns about young general pediatricians being able to find positions that meet their career goals, most were in jobs that approximated their desired allocation of professional time and focus of clinical work.
Órdenes locales y conflicto armado. Una metodología comparada
Authors: García Clara Inés , Guzmán Álvaro , Aramburo Clara Inés , Rodríguez Alba Nubia , Domínguez Juan Camilo 
Published: March 2015

Hemos adelantado una investigación que se pregunta por cómo se reconfiguran los órdenes locales en los territorios de mayor confrontación armada en Colombia y por las posibles razones subyacentes a tal reconfiguración, entre 1991 y 2010. Este artículo presenta los marcos conceptuales y metodológicos construidos específicamente para realizar dicha investigación bajo los parámetros de una metodología comparativa. Presentamos entonces el problema y el enfoque de la investigación, la tipología propuesta para la comparación de los órdenes locales en medio del conflicto y el procedimiento utilizado para obtener posibles explicaciones acerca de las trayectorias locales en el marco de la tipología. Finalmente, se muestra los resultados comparados obtenidos a partir de esta metodología y las perspectivas que esta experiencia deja abierta para futuras investigaciones.
PACIFICACIÓN Y VIOLENCIA. EJES PARA UNA COMPARACIÓN COLOMBIA - BRASIL
Authors: Monroy Álvarez Silvia 
Published: March 2015

A partir de la noción de "pacificación" como vehículo de comparación de dinámicas en Colombia y Brasil, observo algunos mecanismos del Estado como productor de peligros que estimulan la informalidad y la ilegalidad. Comparo, concretamente, la "pacificación de Urabá", en Colombia, y la "pacificación" por medio de las Unidades de Policía Pacificadora (UPPs) en Río de Janeiro. Algunos de los mecanismos a los que hago referencia en este artículo, que vislumbra una agenda de investigación para desarrollos futuros, son: la excepcionalidad como mecanismo que permite la activación del valor seguridad y su englobado, la inseguridad; la no diferenciación territorio/población vinculada a ciertas nociones de territorio y soberanía, y la privatización de la cara proveedora del Estado mediante prácticas de militarización.
INCENTIVOS PERVERSOS Y OPORTUNISMO ESTRATÉGICO: DINÁMICAS CRIMINALES DEL PROCESO DE JUSTICIA Y PAZ
Authors: Coronado Neira Juliana 
Published: March 2015

El presente artículo realiza un análisis de la primera política pública que pretendió generar un marco normativo en materia de Justicia Transicional en el país: la ley 975 de 2005. Su propósito es analizar el comportamiento de actores principalmente influenciados por la misma (desmovilizados de las Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia-AUC), bajo las restricciones e incentivos creados por la ley. Se sugiere que dado este marco, se generaron incentivos perversos que terminaron llevando a nuevas dinámicas criminales basadas en el oportunismo estratégico, con consecuencias sociales desfavorables e incluso contrarias al propósito mismo de la ley, alejando a la sociedad colombiana de la posibilidad de un adecuado desarrollo de un proceso de Justicia Transicional.
Enhancing time resolution by stabilized inverse filter and Q estimated on instantaneous spectra
Authors: Montes Luis Alfredo , Corrales Álvaro , Cabrera Francisco 
Published: March 2015

<p>Physical phenomena, such as attenuation of high frequency components and velocity dispersion, deteriorate seismic images. To enhance seismic resolution, Q filtering is usually applied, where the accurate estimation of Q is the core of this approach. The Matching Pursuit (MP) approach is an instantaneous spectral analysis method that overcomes windowing problems caused by decomposing a seismic trace, providing a frequency spectrum for each time sample of the trace. By changing variables, the spectra is transformed into a new domain where Q is accurately measured. This value is input to a stable inverse Q filter, which solely compensates for the amplitude without distorting the phase, and as a result, an improved time-resolution image is obtained. MP, windowed Fourier (WF), and Gabor transforms (GT) were tested on synthetic seismograms providing Q values that indicated the best performance of MP. Applied to a migrated offshore Colombian seismic line, the entire procedure coded in Matlab compensated for the energy losses and increased the S/N ratio. The trace-by-trace approach guarantees the reliability of the improvement in the continuity of seismic events and is applicable to pre-stack data as well.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Resumen</strong></p><div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Los fenómenos físicos de atenuación de los componentes de alta frecuencia y dispersión por velocidad de fase </span><span>deterioran la imagen sísmica. Para incrementar la resolución sísmica usualmente se aplican filtros Q inversos, por lo que la estimación precisa del factor de calidad Q es el problema central de este método. El “</span><span>Matching Pursui</span><span>t” (MP) </span><span>es un método de análisis espectral instantáneo que supera los problemas generados al usar ventanas para descomponer una traza, generando un espectro de frecuencia por cada muestra de la traza. Mediante un cambio de variables el espectro se transforma a un nuevo dominio donde se estima Q con precisión. Éste valor se alimenta a un filtro Q inverso estabilizado, el cual compensa solamente la amplitud sin distorsionar la fase obteniendo como resultado se logra una imagen con mejor resolución. Los métodos de MP, transformada de Fourier con ventanas y transformada de Gabor se ensayaron con datos sintéticos suministrando valores de Q que señalaban el mejor desempeño de MP. El proceso completo fue codificado en Matlab y aplicado a una sección marina Colombiana migrada, compensando la perdida de energía e incrementando la relación señal/ruido. El enfoque de traza por traza garantiza la confianza en el realce de la continuidad de los eventos sísmicos, siendo aplicable a datos pre-apilados. </span></p></div></div></div></div><p> </p>
Spatial distribution of sediment pollution in the Khajeh Kory River using Kriging and GIS
Authors: Zare Maryam 
Published: March 2015

<p>The aim of this research was to study of sediment pollution conditions in the river bed of Khajeh Kory, which passes from the southern border of the Caspian Sea in Astara City. To determine the pollution of river bed sediment along the route, from the river source in the heights to estuary in the Caspian sea, sampling was conducted at 10 stations. Afterward, each sample was divided into two groups based on size (&gt;63 µm and &lt;63 µm). The concentration of heavy metals Cu, Cd, Co, Zn, Pb, Ni, Fe, and Mn in each group was measured using ICP-OES. In the next stage, the enrichment of samples was determined by normalization with aluminum. The data were then interpolated using the Kriging method and various models (including spherical, circular, exponential, Gaussian) were fitted to the data, and the best method was selected using the Cross Validation method. Using the obtained enrichment outcomes, an information layer was produced for each element in the GIS environment utilizing the Kriging method. The layers were aggregated and the compiled layer was classified into 4 layers again. Using this method, the length of the river from its source to the sea estuary was characterized based on the contamination of heavy metals, and contaminated and unpolluted areas in river sediments could be observed. The source of this pollution, either natural or manmade, was revealed through this method.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Resumen</strong></p><p>El objeto de esta investigación fue estudiar las condiciones de contaminación sedimentaria en el lecho del río Khajeh Kory, que se extiende desde el borde sur del Mar Caspio en la ciudad de Astara. Para determinar la contaminación del lecho sedimentario, se recolectaron muestras en 10 estaciones establecidas entre la fuente del río en sus partes altas hasta los estuarios en el Mar Caspio. Después, cada muestra fue dividida en dos grupos de acuerdo con el tamaño (&gt;63 µm and &lt;63 µm). La concentración de metales pesados Cu, Cd, Co, Zn, Pb, Ni, Fe y Mn en cada grupo se midió con la técnica ICP-OES. En la siguiente etapa, se determinó el enriquecimiento de las muestras por la normalización con aluminio. Los datos se interpolaron luego con el método Kriging y varios modelos (incluidos el esférico, el circular, el exponencial, el gaussiano) se ajustaron a la información y se seleccionó el mejor método a través de la Validación Cruzada. Con los resultados obtenidos del enriquecimiento se produjo una capa de información para cada elemento en el ambiente GIS a través del método Kriging. Las capas fueron agregadas y la compilación de estas se clasificó nuevamente en otras cuatro capas. De esta forma se caracterizó el río a lo largo, desde su nacimiento hasta el estuario marino, con base en la contaminación de metales pesados y se pudo distinguir entre las zonas contaminadas y las áreas limpias en sedimentos. Las fuentes de esta contaminación, sean naturales o humanas, también se identificaron con este método.</p>
Nanometer Thermal Conductivity Mapping Using Laser-based Scanning Thermal Microscopy
Authors: Goeckeritz Jeremy , Aden Gary , Chand Ami 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTA new measurement technique using a cantilever probe with an integrated thermal sensor is investigated for measuring thermal conductivity at the nanometer scale. The probe is used in a configuration wherein the laser from an atomic force microscope (AFM) heats the tip of the probe above ambient temperature. Heat is transferred from the probe to a sample based on the thermal conductivity of the sample. The heat flow creates a temperature change, as small as 0.01 °C, which is detected by the thermal sensor. The measurement technique presented offers a simple and effective method for mapping the thermal conductivity of a number of materials. We explore the ability of the technique to map silicon oxide on silicon, carbon fibers and gold nanoparticles. Analysis shows that the technique can be used to produce images with a thermal resolution surpassing 25 nm.
PERCEPÇÃO AMBIENTAL DE DONAS DE CASA SOBRE O USO DE PRODUTOS QUÍMICOS EM DOMICÍLIOS E ESTRATÉGIAS SUSTENTÁVEIS
Authors: Nóbrega Georgiana Amaral 
Published: March 2015

RESUMO
Devido ao elevado número de produtos químicos domiciliares que vem sendo consumidos e a escassez de informação sobre os riscos em sua utilização, o homem vem contribuindo consideravelmente para a degradação ambiental. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo analisar a percepção ambiental de donas de casa do bairro de Nova Descoberta na cidade de Natal/RN sobre o uso de produtos químicos domiciliares e disposição de tais produtos, bem como propor estratégias sustentáveis a partir da percepção dessas. A metodologia constituiu na utilização de um instrumento de entrevista, que objetivou analisar como as pessoas dessa investigação científica percebem as mudanças ocasionadas pela utilização e disposição incorreta dos produtos químicos domiciliares e o quanto isso pode afetar a sua qualidade de vida e o meio ambiente. Foi desenvolvido também um levantamento bibliográfico. Foram aplicados 10 instrumentos de entrevista, com donas de casa mantendo um critério conhecido como “saturação” já que os argumentos apresentados em sua grande maioria se repetiam, de forma que não acrescentaria muito ao conteúdo de investigação a persistência na realização de mais entrevistas. A análise dos dados ocorreu por meio de uma abordagem qualitativa e identificação dos principais problemas enfrentados devido à falta de planejamento ambiental domiciliar. A percepção ambiental das donas de casa é a de que utilizam produtos químicos e desconhecem seu uso e disposição corretos. Foi observada a precariedade de informações no bairro da comunidade sobre os malefícios que os produtos químicos domiciliares podem ocasionar e a necessidade da implantação de um planejamento ambiental domiciliar.
De la réforme de la carte judiciaire ou l’instrumentalisation de critères objectifs au service d’un nouveau rapport scalaire de pouvoir
Authors: Cahu Étienne 
Published: March 2015

La réforme de la carte judiciaire entreprise par R. Dati dès juin 2007 s’inscrit dans le courant de rationalisation que connaît l’institution judiciaire comme les autres administrations de l’État depuis les années 1990. Portée par les valeurs du nouveau management public, elle prétend faire preuve d’une objectivité scientifique reposant sur les critères affichés de rationalité et de transparence afin de ne laisser aucune prise à tout reproche d’arbitraire. Elle en oublie ainsi les finalités aussi bien judiciaires que territoriales qui devraient la guider. Or, la réduction de cette méthodologie à une palette de critères flous et non hiérarchisés rend opaque la sélection des Tribunaux de Grande Instance et décourage les élus locaux de faire pression sur le pouvoir central. On a donc affaire à une instrumentalisation de critères objectifs pour influer sur le rapport de force entre les différentes échelles du pouvoir et renouer avec une logique centralisatrice. Si cette opacité empêche de prouver clairement des logiques partisanes à l’œuvre, elle n’en permet pas moins de douter du traitement égal de chaque juridiction et éveille les soupçons quant à des jeux d’influence plus subtils.
Les présentations cliniques
Authors: Clavurier Vincent 
Published: March 2015

Dans un précédent article, je me suis attaché à étudier la présentation clinique telle qu’elle fut importée et pratiquée en psychiatrie par les aliénistes. Je voudrais maintenant m’intéresser à la reprise de cet exercice par Lacan, qui entendait lui donner un tour inédit, spécifiquement analytique. Nous en avons des témoignages directs par certains de ses élèves et nous pouvons également prendre connaissance de transcriptions existantes. De nombreux travaux existent déjà sur cette question mais je l’explorerai à partir de ma propre expérience de participant, membre du public, à différents dispositifs pendant plusieurs années. L’expérience me laissa parfois perplexe et le problème soulevé est le suivant : l’exercice est-il bien le lieu d’un acte analytique, et à quelles conditions, ou n’est-il resté qu’un procédé d’objectivation du malade à des fins d’enseignement doctrinal ? Comment caractériser précisément la différence entre présentation psychiatrique et présentation psychanalytique ? En quoi les présentations menées par Lacan et ceux qui s’en réclament ont pu rendre proprement analytique le dispositif ?
Enjeux et défis de la politique énergétique en Europe
Authors: Ristori Dominique 
Published: March 2015

L’énergie est partout dans notre vie quotidienne et nous comptons sur sa disponibilité jour et nuit. L’énergie est également un élément clé pour la compétitivité de nos économies. Aujourd’hui, l’Union européenne importe 53% de l’énergie qu’elle consomme et la facture s’élève à plus d’un milliard d’euros par jour. Dans le contexte actuel de la crise entre la Russie et l’Ukraine, la sécurité d’approvisionnement en énergie est au cœur des préoccupations européennes. Aujourd’hui, l’UE intensifie les efforts vers une politique énergétique ambitieuse avec des objectifs communs clairs : compétitivité, sécurité d’approvisionnement et durabilité en sont les éléments clés. L’adoption de la Stratégie européenne de sécurité énergétique prévoit notamment des mesures d’urgences ainsi que des actions de moyen et long termes en vue d’améliorer la sécurité d’approvisionnement de l’UE. Tous les acteurs – l’UE, les États membres, les régions, les citoyens et les entreprises – doivent plus que jamais conjurer leurs efforts. La création d’une Union de l’énergie implique une solidarité et une confiance accrue afin de faire face aux défis majeurs auxquels nous sommes confrontés.
Le Brésil, pays émergé ?
Authors: Théry Hervé 
Published: March 2015

Le Brésil peut être qualifié d’« émergé » et pas seulement « émergent » en ce qu’il se développe de façon continue depuis au moins 80 ans, grâce à trois atouts forts : une population nombreuse, jeune, en croissance continue et contrôlée ; une indépendance énergétique assise sur les récentes découvertes de pétrole offshore, une abondante production hydroélectrique et l’usage de l’alcool tiré de la canne à sucre - dont il est le premier producteur mondial - pour faire rouler son parc automobile ; un immense potentiel en terres agricoles, déjà utilisées ou encore disponibles. Ces atouts devraient lui permettre de trouver sa juste place, qu’il cherche encore, dans un monde polycentrique.
Washington - Pékin : compétition, interdépendance ou « Chimérique » ?
Authors: Courmont Barthélemy 
Published: March 2015

La relation entre la Chine et les États-Unis est complexe et sujette à de multiples interrogations, mais c’est dans le domaine économique et commercial qu’elle exprime toute cette complexité. Les deux pays sont ainsi engagés dans une compétition qu’ils ne cachent pas, mais font face dans le même temps à une situation d’interdépendance que certains traduisent en « Chimérique ». Cet article explore cette réalité, et s’interroge sur les conditions dans lesquelles le paradigme actuel pourrait être modifié, et à l’avantage de qui.