bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Proposed Mechanism to Assess Knowledge of Pediatric Hospitalists to Identify and Manage Rare Events During Procedural Sedation
Authors: Srinivasan Mythili , Carlson Douglas W. 
Published: October 2013

Objective:
The goal of this study was to assess the knowledge of pediatric hospitalists (PHs) in identifying and managing rare events during procedural sedation (PS) with ketamine and nitrous oxide (N2O).

Methods:
A Web-based survey with multiple choice questions and case scenarios was used to determine the knowledge of PHs in identifying infrequent contraindications and managing laryngospasm, a rare life-threatening complication during PS. The survey was sent to all PHs at St Louis Children’s Hospital.

Results:
Forty percent of experienced PHs (&gt;50 sedation procedures performed) and 5% of inexperienced PHs (&lt;50 sedation procedures performed) identified all 4 ketamine contraindications. Twenty-one percent of experienced PHs and 4% of inexperienced PHs identified all 6 N2O contraindications. Ninety-five percent of PHs identified presence of laryngospasm in a case scenario. As the patient in the case scenario progressed from partial to complete laryngospasm, 84% and 82% of PHs chose either the preferred or acceptable strategy to manage the patient. With further deterioration in the patient’s status in the scenario, 66% and 71% of PHs chose either the preferred or acceptable strategy to manage the patient. The preferred strategy at each step is one that attempted the least invasive maneuver to manage the patient. There was no significant difference between experienced and inexperienced PHs in the management of laryngospasm.

Conclusions:
Knowledge gaps exist among PHs regarding contraindications for ketamine and N2O that are infrequently encountered in patients and for the management of laryngospasm, a rare adverse event with ketamine. Ongoing teaching tools are necessary to assess and maintain the knowledge of sedation providers regarding rare events during PS that can improve their proficiency.
Late-Preterm Birth and Lifetime Socioeconomic Attainments: The Helsinki Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Heinonen Kati , Eriksson Johan G. , Kajantie Eero , Pesonen Anu-Katriina , Barker David J. , Osmond Clive , Raikkonen Katri 
Published: October 2013

OBJECTIVE:
We examined if those born late-preterm (at 34 to 36 weeks of gestation) differed from those born at term in their maximum attained lifetime socioeconomic position (SEP) across the adult years up to 56 to 66 years, and in intergenerational social mobility from childhood parental SEP to own attained SEP.

METHODS:
Participants were 8993 Finnish men and women of the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study born between 1934 and 1944. Gestational age was extracted from hospital birth records and socioeconomic attainments from Finnish National Census.

RESULTS:
Compared with those born at term, those born late-preterm were more likely to be manual workers, have a basic or upper secondary level of education, belong to the lowest third based on their incomes, and less likely to belong to the highest third based on their incomes. Late-preterm individuals were also less likely to be upwardly mobile and more likely to be downwardly mobile; they were less likely to have higher occupations and more likely to have lower occupations than their fathers. They were also less likely to be upwardly mobile if incomes were used as the outcome of own attained SEP, and men were more likely to be downwardly mobile if education was used as the outcome of own attained SEP.

CONCLUSIONS:
This study demonstrates that there are considerable long-term socioeconomic disadvantages associated with late-preterm birth, which are not explained by the parent-of-origin SEP.
Health Supervision for Children With Marfan Syndrome
Authors: Tinkle Brad T. , Saal Howard M. ,   the COMMITTEE ON GENETICS, Saul Robert A. , Braddock Stephen R. , Chen Emily , Freedenberg Debra L. , Jones Marilyn C. , Perrin James M. , Tarini Beth Anne 
Published: October 2013

This Clinical Report was revised. See https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2023-061450.
Marfan syndrome is a systemic, heritable connective tissue disorder that affects many different organ systems and is best managed by using a multidisciplinary approach. The guidance in this report is designed to assist the pediatrician in recognizing the features of Marfan syndrome as well as caring for the individual with this disorder.
Response of biophotonic device using retinoid
Authors: Mitachi Seiko , Tsuchida Yosuke , Nishimura Koji 
Published: October 2013

The authors focus on the retina in the human eye and consider retinoic acid to be the most appropriate for use in photoreceptive devices. The authors fabricated retinoic acid–chitosan film by using the layer-by-layer self-assembly process. The photocurrent value of the devices increased from 4·0 to 7·0 mA when used in optimized conditions. One of the best responses of these manually fabricated photoreceptive devices was that the photocurrent was 7 mA and the photocurrent response continued during the longest period to date of 9 h, which is an 81 times longer life time than before. The authors calculated the external quantum efficiency of the photocurrent response for devices with the best performance. The estimated external quantum efficiency of the photocurrent response for the best device was 4·53. In comparison, for one of the gel-type devices, the efficiency was 0·004. The mechanism of the photocurrent response of biophotonic devices seems to be the radical reaction rather than any ionic or charged carrier reaction.
Applying Message Logging to Support Fault-Tolerance of SOA Systems
Authors: Danilecki Arkadiusz , Hołenko Mateusz , Kobusińska Anna , Szychowiak Michał , Zierhoffer Piotr 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
This paper addresses a problem of increasing fault-tolerance of serviceoriented systems built of RESTful web services. To solve such a problem, rollbackrecovery protocol is proposed. The protocol employs known rollback-recovery techniques, however, it modifies and specially adjusts them for specific characteristics of the SOA systems. The paper includes a proof of safety property of the proposed protocol.
Health Related Aspects of Sexual Behaviour Among Internet Daters in Slovenia
Authors: Kogovšek Tina , Kuhar Roman , Švab Alenka 
Published: October 2013

Izvleček
Izhodišča: V članku predstavljamo izsledke prve sociološke raziskave o spolnem vedenju uporabnikov interneta za internetne zmenke v Sloveniji s posebnim poudarkom na z zdravjem povezanih vidikih spolnega vedenja ljudi, ki se za zmenke dogovarjajo prek interneta.
Metode: Vzorec predstavljajo uporabniki internetnih strani za spoznavanje partnerjev. Uporabili smo vzorčenje po metodi snežne kepe prek elektronske pošte in z objavo oglasa na portalih za spoznavanje partnerjev prek interneta. Podatki so bili zbrani v januarju in februarju 2007. Končni vzorec sestavlja 1.349 anketirancev.
Rezultati: Večina anketirancev ni imela (44,2%) ali pa je imela majhno število spolnih partnerjev, ki so jih spoznali prek interneta (od 1 do 5 - 48%). Glede na spolno usmerjenost je imelo spolni odnos na prvem zmenku z osebo z interneta od 15 do 40% moških v primerjavi z od 7 do 18% žensk. Tretjina heteroseksualnih moških in žensk pri prvem spolnem odnosu z zadnjo osebo z interneta ni uporabila kondoma. Med uporabniki kondoma pri prvem spolnem odnosu z zadnjo osebo z interneta je največ homoseksualnih moških. Med njimi jih je 17% navedlo, da kondoma niso uporabili.
Zaključki: Izsledki raziskave kažejo, da je čas od prvega on-line stika do prvega spolnega odnosa pomemben pokazatelj za zdravje potencialno rizičnega spolnega vedenja. Naši podatki kažejo, da to velja še posebej za biseksualno usmerjene moške. Podatki o uporabi kondoma kažejo, da je »obdobje aidsa« pustilo močen pečat na populacijo homoseksualnih moških, ki v daleč največji meri uporabljajo kondom v primerjavi s heteroseksualno in z biseksualno usmerjenimi anketiranci.
Educational Attainment Model for a Minor Child: The Next Generation
Authors: Kane John , Spizman Lawrence , Donelson Don 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
An ordered probit educational attainment model, used to predict the lost earning capacity of a wrongfully injured minor child, was created by Spizman and Kane (1992) and updated by Kane and Spizman (2001). This paper re-estimates the educational attainment model using the latest round of interviews from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth-1997. The model specification has been updated to reflect recent findings on the determinants of educational attainment. We also examine the legal framework in which econometric techniques have been accepted and have become standard tools in litigation.
Assessing Economic Damages in Personal Injury and Wrongful Death Litigation: The State of Colorado
Authors: Lillydahl Jane , Mathis Gilbert L. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis article presents the legal framework for the assessment of economic damages in the state of Colorado. Special attention is given to the statutes, case law, and procedural rules that govern the estimation of damages in personal injury and wrongful death actions including medical malpractice and ski accidents. Also included are an overview of the jury instructions and the role of the forensic economic expert in the assessment of economic damages.
Applications of Supported Liquid Membranes and Emulsion Liquid Membranes
Authors: Molinari Raffaele , Argurio Pietro 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Liquid membrane (LM)‐based processes represent a promising alternative to traditional separation processes as they combine extraction and stripping into a single stage, thus having great potential for significantly reducing cost and ecological impact. Emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) and supported liquid membrane (SLM) are the most interesting LM‐based processes in view of large‐scale application. In the present article, some applications of these processes are described. To achieve the success of an ELM process on a large scale, an appropriate selection of the operating conditions, influencing both emulsion stability (e.g., type and concentration of surfactant, emulsification method) and the extraction/stripping process, is important. The optimized ELM process can be employed to efficiently remove organic (e.g., phenol, bisphenol A) and inorganic compounds (e.g., zinc, chromium, and cadmium) from wastewaters at industrial scale. SLM is today largely employed as a sample preconcentration technique for detecting analytes in liquid samples at trace levels in the field of biological and environmental analysis. The high process selectivity; the long‐term stability; the use of the hollow fiber configuration, characterized by high membrane surface area; the optimal quality of treated water; and the green character make the SLM process feasible and effective in concentrating and recovering metallic ions from dilute industrial wastewaters. Thus, the two LM processes considered represent powerful, attractive, and technically feasible methods for selective separation and concentration of both organic and inorganic compounds from dilute aqueous solutions fulfilling sustainability criteria.
Catalytic Membrane Reactors
Authors: Soltani Sahar , Sahimi Muhammad , Tsotsis Theodore 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMembrane reactors combining reaction and membrane separation provide numerous advantages over conventional reactors, including retaining expensive catalysts, in situ purification, enhancing reaction rate, and reducing postprocessing of the reaction (by) products. In this article, two different ways were used to classify the various types of membrane reactors. One is based on whether the membrane is catalytic or noncatalytic, selective or nonselective, and whether or not a packed bed or a fluidized bed of catalysts is being used. The second classification is based on the membrane role: the extractor‐type, the distributor‐type, and the contactor‐type membrane reactors. This article presents the key features of these three types of reactors and the various classes of reactions these reactors have been applied, with emphasis on conventional (i.e., nonbiochemical) reaction systems.
Membranes for Osmotic Power
Authors: Sim S. T. , Wang Rong , Tian Miao , Fane Anthony G. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Pressure‐retarded osmosis (PRO) and reverse electrodialysis (RED) are two emerging membrane techniques that can utilize seawater to recover osmotic power from salinity gradients. Although such technologies are indeed at an early stage of development, they have attracted intensive interest worldwide. There are already an osmotic power pilot plant utilizing PRO technique in Norway and a pilot salt battery plant utilizing RED technique in the Netherlands. To appreciate how such demonstration plants would eventually result in sufficient cost reductions to enable broadscale deployment, it requires understanding of the working principles and the potential challenges facing the techniques. The aims of this article are to introduce fundamental aspects of the PRO and RED techniques, discuss the feasibility and challenges for achieving optimal power density, and provide an overview on the state of the art of the techniques in terms of PRO membrane development, and reducing the internal resistance and enhancing stack design in RED. The likely developments moving ahead in making the technology more mature for broadscale employment are also highlighted.
Membrane‐Based Treatment of Pulp and Paper Industry Wastewaters
Authors: Kallioinen Mari , Nyström Marianne , Mänttäri Mika 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn this article, the use of pressure‐driven membrane filtration processes in the treatment of pulp and paper mill process and wastewaters is discussed. The article describes the characteristics of the waters and presents information relevant to optimal membrane and module choice in pulp and paper mill applications. Practical examples of membrane processes that are currently used at mill sites are also reviewed. The literature survey reveals that the pressure‐driven membrane processes have secured their position as a key technology in the treatment of pulp and paper industry process and wastewaters. They have been adopted with the aim of decreasing water consumption, recovering and recycling valuable compounds, and reducing the environmental impact of pulp and paper mills. It also seems that the use of pressure‐driven membrane processes will increase as the pulp and paper industry seeks to produce new products from compounds present in process and waste streams. Recovery, fractionation, and concentration of these compounds by membrane processes have proven to be very effective. Moreover, the tightening requirements for improved environmental protection will increase a need to close water cycles and increase the use of membrane processes at pulp and paper mills. The examples of industrial‐scale membrane applications show that membranes can already be used cost‐effectively. To further improve cost‐efficiency, one of the most significant future research needs is the development of novel membranes with lower fouling tendency, improved fractionation capacity, and improved resistance to conditions prevailing in pulp and paper mills and in wood‐based biorefinery processes.
Membrane Terminology
Authors: Guiver Michael D. , Hoek Eric M. V. , Nikonenko Victor , Tarabara Volodymyr V. , Zydney Andrew L. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The sections in this article are

General Terms

Carrier‐Mediated (Facilitated) Separations

Dialysis, Nanofiltration, Ultrafiltration, and Microfiltration Separations

Electrically Mediated Separations

Gas, Vapor, and Pervaporation Separations

Osmotic Processes

Acknowledgments
Membranes for Microfluidic Applications
Authors: Vladisavljević Goran T. , Kobayashi Isao , Nakajima Mitsutoshi 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis article provides an overview of major membrane microfluidic techniques for the production and modification of liquid‐liquid and gas‐liquid dispersions and the most common membranes used in these processes. The main emphasis is on Shirasu porous glass (SPG) membrane, microengineered membranes, and single‐crystal silicon microchannel (MC) plates. For each membrane type, fabrication process and microfluidic applications are discussed. SPG membrane is an interconnected‐type membrane fabricated by spinodal decomposition, which has been widely used in membrane emulsification (ME) and membrane micromixing/nanoprecipitation processes leading to the generation of emulsions, micro‐ and nanobubbles, and micro‐ and nanoparticles. Typical microengineered membranes used in microfluidic applications are silicon nitride microsieves fabricated by photolithography and reactive ion etching, nickel membranes fabricated by UV‐LIGA process, and stainless steel membranes with laser‐drilled pores. Microengineered membranes are used in stirred cell, cross‐flow, and pulsating cross‐flow ME systems. In order to prevent damage to shear‐sensitive materials in the product stream, a shear stress on the downstream side of the membrane can be provided using oscillating (vibrating) or spinning (rotating) membrane. MC plates are microchips with 3D architecture consisting of an array of horizontal microgrooves or vertical straight‐through channels integrating with other features such as terrace lines, steps, and cross‐flow channels. They are usually fabricated in single‐crystal silicon by photolithography and anisotropic wet etching or deep reactive ion etching.
Relationship of Race/Ethnicity With Door‐to‐Balloon Time and Mortality in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST‐Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Findings From Get With the Guidelines–Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Cavender Matthew A. , Rassi Andrew N. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Cannon Christopher P. , Peacock W. Frank , Laskey Warren K. , Hernandez Adrian F. , Peterson Eric D. , Cox Margueritte , Grau‐Sepulveda Marie , Schwamm Lee H. , Bhatt Deepak L. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundPrior studies have described racial/ethnic disparities in door‐to‐balloon (DTB) time for patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We sought to compare DTB time between different racial/ethnic groups undergoing primary PCI for ST‐elevation myocardial infarction in Get With the Guidelines (GWTG).HypothesisThere may be differences in D2B time associated with race/ethnicity.MethodsWe identified 7445 white (n = 6365), African American (n = 568), and Hispanic (n = 512) patients undergoing primary PCI.ResultsThere were no differences in the median DTB time between white (74 minutes; intraquartile range [IQR], 54–99), African American (77 minutes; IQR, 57–100), and Hispanic (75 minutes; IQR, 56–100) (P = 0.13) patients. There were no crude differences in DTB time ≤90 minutes; however, after adjusting for confounders, African American race was associated with lower odds of DTB time ≤90 minutes (odds ratio [OR]: 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.70‐0.99; P = 0.04). This association was seen in African American males (OR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.55‐0.80) but not African American females (OR: 1.27; 95% CI: 0.96‐1.68). Overall, Hispanic ethnicity was not associated with a difference in DTB time ≤90 minutes (OR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.77‐1.25; P = 0.88); although Hispanic males did have a slightly longer median DTB time compared with whites. During the study, the proportion of patients with DTB times ≤90 minutes increased for all groups, and mortality was similar between groups (white 3.8%, African American 3.0%, Hispanic 4.1%, P = 0.62).ConclusionsIn GWTG‐Coronary Artery Disease, small differences in DTB times persist among different races/ethnicities. However, the proportion achieving DTB times ≤90 minutes has increased substantially for all patients over time, and there was no association between race/ethnicity and in‐hospital mortality.
Seasonal variations in lower stratospheric gravity wave energy above the Falkland Islands
Authors: Moffat‐Griffin T. , Jarvis M. J. , Colwell S. R. , Kavanagh A. J. , Manney G. L. , Daffer W. H. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe gravity wavefield in the lower stratosphere (between 15 km and 22 km altitude) above Mount Pleasant Airport (51°49′S, 58°26′W) on the Falkland Islands is studied using over 2100 high‐resolution radiosonde soundings from 2002 to 2010. The seasonal variation in vertical direction of propagation shows a small decrease in numbers of upward propagating waves that is related to critical level filtering; however, there is a very large increase in numbers of downward propagating waves between July and September; this is attributed to the proximity of the edge of the polar vortex. There is a seasonal variation in gravity wave energy density, with a large peak during the austral autumn equinox; this is markedly different to results in the literature both from Rothera, on the Antarctic Peninsula, and stations on the main Antarctic continent. This seasonal pattern has been shown to be linked to variations in the sources of upward propagating gravity waves. The seasonal variation in gravity wave characteristics above Mount Pleasant Airport seen in our results suggests that the gravity wavefield in this region is determined by a combination of different gravity wave sources located above and below the lower stratosphere.
Surgical Outcomes of Gastrectomy for Elderly Patients with Gastric Cancer
Authors: Takeshita Hiroki , Ichikawa Daisuke , Komatsu Shuhei , Kubota Takeshi , Okamoto Kazuma , Shiozaki Atsushi , Fujiwara Hitoshi , Otsuji Eigo 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundThis study was designed to determine the surgical outcomes of gastric cancer in elderly patients. This information can help establish appropriate treatment for these patients.MethodsA total of 1,193 patients with gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy between 1995 and 2010 were enrolled in this retrospective study. The clinicopathologic features of 104 elderly patients (aged ≥80 years) were compared with those of 1,089 nonelderly patients.Results(1) Tumors located in the lower‐third of the stomach, differentiated cancer, and surgery with limited lymph node dissection were more common in elderly patients. However, there was no difference in the proportion of laparoscopic gastrectomy between elderly and nonelderly patients. (2) Although surgical complication rates were similar in the two groups, the operative mortality rate was higher in elderly patients (1.9 %) than in nonelderly patients (0.7 %). (3) Elderly patients had a significantly poorer overall survival rate, whereas the disease‐specific survival rates of the two groups were similar. Limited lymph node dissection did not influence the disease‐specific survival rate of elderly patients. (4) The median life expectancy of elderly gastric cancer survivors was 9.8 years in patients aged 80–84 years and 6.0 years in those ≥85 years. The patients with limited lymph node dissection had slightly better prognosis.ConclusionsThe treatment results in elderly patients were comparable to those in nonelderly patients. These findings suggest that R0 resection with at least limited lymph node dissection according to Japanese guidelines should be considered, even for elderly patients.