bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supporting Qualified Database for V&V and Uncertainty Evaluation of Best-Estimate System Codes
Authors: Petruzzi A. , D’Auria F. 
Published: November 2014

Uncertainty evaluation constitutes a key feature of BEPU (Best Estimate Plus Uncertainty) process. The uncertainty can be the result of a Monte Carlo type analysis involving input uncertainty parameters or the outcome of a process involving the use of experimental data and connected code calculations. Those uncertainty methods are discussed in several papers and guidelines (IAEA-SRS-52, OECD/NEA BEMUSE reports).
The present paper aims at discussing the role and the depth of the analysis required for merging from one side suitable experimental data and on the other side qualified code calculation results. This aspect is mostly connected with the second approach for uncertainty mentioned above, but it can be used also in the framework of the first approach.
Namely, the paper discusses the features and structure of the database that includes the following kinds of documents:
1. The” RDS-facility” (Reference Data Set for the selected facility): this includes the description of the facility, the geometrical characterization of any component of the facility, the instrumentations, the data acquisition system, the evaluation of pressure losses, the physical properties of the material and the characterization of pumps, valves and heat losses;
2. The “RDS-test” (Reference Data Set for the selected test of the facility): this includes the description of the main phenomena investigated during the test, the configuration of the facility for the selected test (possible new evaluation of pressure and heat losses if needed) and the specific boundary and initial conditions;
3. The “QP” (Qualification Report) of the code calculation results: this includes the description of the nodalization developed following a set of homogeneous techniques, the achievement of the steady state conditions and the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the transient with the characterization of the Relevant Thermal-Hydraulics Aspects (RTA);
4. The EH (Engineering Handbook) of the input nodalization: this includes the rationale adopted for each part of the nodalization, the user choices, and the systematic derivation and justification of any value present in the code input respect to the values as indicated in the RDS-facility and in the RDS-test.
A protocol for EBT3 radiochromic film dosimetry using reflection scanning
Authors: Papaconstadopoulos Pavlos , Hegyi Gyorgy , Seuntjens Jan , Devic Slobodan 
Published: November 2014

Purpose:To evaluate the performance of the EBT3 radiochromic film dosimetry system using reflection measurements and to suggest a calibration protocol for precise and accurate reflection film dosimetry.Methods:A set of 14 Gafchromic EBT3 film pieces were irradiated to various doses ranging from 0 to 8 Gy and subsequently scanned using both the reflection and transmission mode. Scanning resolution varied from 50 to 508 dpi (0.5–0.05 mm/pixel). Both the red and green color channels of scanned images were used to relate the film response to the dose. A sensitivity, uncertainty, and accuracy analysis was performed for all scanning modes and color channels. The total uncertainty, along with the fitting and experimental uncertainty components, was identified and analyzed. A microscope resolution target was used to evaluate possible resolution losses under reflection scanning. The calibration range was optimized for reflection scanning in the low (<2 Gy) and high (>2 Gy) dose regions based on the reported results.Results:Reflection scanning using the red channel exhibited the highest sensitivity among all modes, being up to 150% higher than transmission mode in the red channel for the lowest dose level. Furthermore, there was no apparent loss in resolution between the two modes. However, higher uncertainties and reduced accuracy were observed for the red channel under reflection mode, especially at dose levels higher than 2 Gy. These uncertainties were mainly attributed to saturation effects which were translated in poor fitting results. By restricting the calibration to the 0–2 Gy dose range, the situation is reversed and the red reflection mode was superior to the transmission mode. For higher doses, the green channel in reflection mode presented comparable results to the red transmission.Conclusions:A two‐color reflection scanning protocol can be suggested for EBT3 radiochromic film dosimetry using the red channel for doses less than 2 Gy and the green channel for higher doses. The precision and accuracy are significantly improved in the low dose region following such a protocol.
Dysbiosis and Alterations in Predicted Functions of the Subgingival Microbiome in Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Kirst Mariana E. , Li Eric C. , Alfant Barnett , Chi Yueh-Yun , Walker Clay , Magnusson Ingvar , Wang Gary P. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

Chronic periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the periodontium affecting nearly 65 million adults in the United States. Changes in subgingival microbiota have long been associated with chronic periodontitis. Recent culture-independent molecular studies have revealed the immense richness and complexity of oral microbial communities. However, data sets across studies have not been directly compared, and whether the observed microbial variations are consistent across different studies is not known. Here, we used 16S rRNA sequencing to survey the subgingival microbiota in 25 subjects with chronic periodontal disease and 25 healthy controls and compared our data sets with those of three previously reported microbiome studies. Consistent with data from previous studies, our results demonstrate a significantly altered microbial community structure with decreased heterogeneity in periodontal disease. Comparison with data from three previously reported studies revealed that subgingival microbiota clustered by study. However, differences between periodontal health and disease were larger than the technical variations across studies. Using a prediction score and applying five different distance metrics, we observed two predominant clusters. One cluster was driven by
Fusobacterium
and
Porphyromonas
and was associated with clinically apparent periodontitis, and the second cluster was dominated by
Rothia
and
Streptococcus
in the majority of healthy sites. The predicted functional capabilities of the periodontitis microbiome were significantly altered. Genes involved in bacterial motility, energy metabolism, and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis were overrepresented in periodontal disease, whereas genes associated with transporters, the phosphotransferase system, transcription factors, amino acid biosynthesis, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis were enriched in healthy controls. These results demonstrate significant alterations in microbial composition and function in periodontitis and suggest genes and metabolic pathways associated with periodontal disease.
Molecular Toolbox for Genetic Manipulation of the Stalked Budding Bacterium Hyphomonas neptunium
Authors: Jung Alexandra , Eisheuer Sabrina , Cserti Emöke , Leicht Oliver , Strobel Wolfgang , Möll Andrea , Schlimpert Susan , Kühn Juliane , Thanbichler Martin 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

The alphaproteobacterium
Hyphomonas neptunium
proliferates by a unique budding mechanism in which daughter cells emerge from the end of a stalk-like extension emanating from the mother cell body. Studies of this species so far have been hampered by the lack of a genetic system and of molecular tools allowing the regulated expression of target genes. Based on microarray analyses, this work identifies two
H. neptunium
promoters that are activated specifically by copper and zinc. Functional analyses show that they have low basal activity and a high dynamic range, meeting the requirements for use as a multipurpose expression system. To facilitate their application, the two promoters were incorporated into a set of integrative plasmids, featuring a choice of two different selection markers and various fluorescent protein genes. These constructs enable the straightforward generation and heavy metal-inducible synthesis of fluorescent protein fusions in
H. neptunium
, thereby opening the door to an in-depth analysis of polar growth and development in this species.
Germline Mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 and Ten-Year Survival for Women Diagnosed with Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Candido-dos-Reis Francisco J. , Song Honglin , Goode Ellen L. , Cunningham Julie M. , Fridley Brooke L. , Larson Melissa C. , Alsop Kathryn , Dicks Ed , Harrington Patricia , Ramus Susan J. , de Fazio Anna , Mitchell Gillian , Fereday Sian , Bolton Kelly L. , Gourley Charlie , Michie Caroline , Karlan Beth , Lester Jenny , Walsh Christine , Cass Ilana , Olsson Håkan , Gore Martin , Benitez Javier J. , Garcia Maria J. , Andrulis Irene , Mulligan Anna Marie , Glendon Gord , Blanco Ignacio , Lazaro Conxi , Whittemore Alice S. , McGuire Valerie , Sieh Weiva , Montagna Marco , Alducci Elisa , Sadetzki Siegal , Chetrit Angela , Kwong Ava , Kjaer Susanne K. , Jensen Allan , Høgdall Estrid , Neuhausen Susan , Nussbaum Robert , Daly Mary , Greene Mark H. , Mai Phuong L. , Loud Jennifer T. , Moysich Kirsten , Toland Amanda E. , Lambrechts Diether , Ellis Steve , Frost Debra , Brenton James D. , Tischkowitz Marc , Easton Douglas F. , Antoniou Antonis , Chenevix-Trench Georgia , Gayther Simon A. , Bowtell David , Pharoah Paul D.P. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Purpose: To analyze the effect of germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 on mortality in patients with ovarian cancer up to 10 years after diagnosis.
Experimental Design: We used unpublished survival time data for 2,242 patients from two case–control studies and extended survival time data for 4,314 patients from previously reported studies. All participants had been screened for deleterious germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. Survival time was analyzed for the combined data using Cox proportional hazard models with BRCA1 and BRCA2 as time-varying covariates. Competing risks were analyzed using Fine and Gray model.
Results: The combined 10-year overall survival rate was 30% [95% confidence interval (CI), 28%–31%] for non-carriers, 25% (95% CI, 22%–28%) for BRCA1 carriers, and 35% (95% CI, 30%–41%) for BRCA2 carriers. The HR for BRCA1 was 0.53 at time zero and increased over time becoming greater than one at 4.8 years. For BRCA2, the HR was 0.42 at time zero and increased over time (predicted to become greater than 1 at 10.5 years). The results were similar when restricted to 3,202 patients with high-grade serous tumors and to ovarian cancer–specific mortality.
Conclusions: BRCA1/2 mutations are associated with better short-term survival, but this advantage decreases over time and in BRCA1 carriers is eventually reversed. This may have important implications for therapy of both primary and relapsed disease and for analysis of long-term survival in clinical trials of new agents, particularly those that are effective in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Clin Cancer Res; 21(3); 652–7. ©2014 AACR.
Parasitoid-host interaction: sensory structures involved in the parasitism behavior of Bracon vulgaris (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Authors: Alves Thiago J.S. , Wanderley-Teixeira Valéria , Teixeira Álvaro A.C. , Silva-Torres Christian S.A. , Malaquias José B. , Pereira Bruno F. , Caetano Flávio H. , da Cunha Franklin M. 
Published: November 2014

Parasitoids have evolved mechanisms to evade their hosts’ defenses.Bracon vulgaris(Ashmead) is a larval ectoparasitoid responsible for natural reduction ofAnthonomus grandis(Boheman) andPectinophora gossypiella(Saunders), which are considered the main cotton pests in the cotton agro-ecosystem in northeastern Brazil. This study aimed to analyze the sensory structures (antennae and ovipositor) involved in the parasitism behavior ofB. vulgaris, and to describe and evaluate associations between composition, morphology, and functions of these structures in the parasitoid-host interaction. Results showed that theB. vulgarisovipositor is a multifunctional structure of 2.7 ± 0.3 mm in length composed of 3 valves. Valves 1 and 2 are elongated, rigid, and act jointly to pierce the host’s cuticle, to inject the poison glands secretion, and to deposit eggs. Valve 3 covers the other valves, giving them protection. Valve 3 also presents annulations in all its extension, which gives flexibility to the ovipositor, and trichoid sensilla that possibly capture vibrations from the host’s feeding and locomotion, thereby aiding the parasite in the host selection. The presence of cuticular microtrichia was possibly responsible for the cleaning of the ovipositor, keeping it functional between the various insertions that occur during the parasitism behavior. The parasitoid’s antennae are filliform-like, measure about 2 mm, and are composed of four types of sensilla (trichoids, basiconical, coeloconical, and placodes) that act as olfactory and gustatory receptors and/or express tactile, thermo,- and hygroreception functions. The integrated action of these sensory components corroborates the successful parasitism behavior of the parasitoidB. vulgaris.
Visual Objects in the Auditory System in Sensory Substitution: How Much Information Do We Need?
Authors: Brown David J. , Simpson Andrew J. R. , Proulx Michael J. 
Published: November 2014

Sensory substitution devices such as The vOICe convert visual imagery into auditory soundscapes and can provide a basic ‘visual’ percept to those with visual impairment. However, it is not known whether technical or perceptual limits dominate the practical efficacy of such systems. By manipulating the resolution of sonified images and asking naïve sighted participants to identify visual objects through a six-alternative forced-choice procedure (6AFC) we demonstrate a ‘ceiling effect’ at 8 × 8 pixels, in both visual and tactile conditions, that is well below the theoretical limits of the technology. We discuss our results in the context of auditory neural limits on the representation of ‘auditory’ objects in a cortical hierarchy and how perceptual training may be used to circumvent these limitations.
The Vorticity Balance of the Ocean Surface in Hawaii from a Regional Reanalysis
Authors: Azevedo Correia de Souza Joao Marcos , Powell Brian , Castillo-Trujillo Alma Carolina , Flament Pierre 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe ocean surface vorticity budget around the Hawaiian Islands is examined using an 18-month model reanalysis generated using four-dimensional variational state estimation with all available observations (satellite, in situ, and high-frequency radio). To better resolve the ocean surface currents and reduce the representation error of the radio-measured surface currents, this study developed a new vertical scheme for the Regional Ocean Modeling System. A new, detailed description of the ocean surface vorticity is created, revealing a region dominated by cyclonic (anticyclonic) vorticity to the north (south) of the mean position of the Hawaii Lee Countercurrent. Advection of vorticity is the primary process that transports the vorticity generated in the lee of the islands by the wind wake. In this island lee, the zonal wavenumber spectra show a cascade of vorticity/energy from the submesoscale toward the larger scales. Latitudinal differences in the advection of vorticity spectra indicate the propagation of a first baroclinic mode Rossby wave in the region dominated by anticyclonic vorticity to the west of the island of Hawaii, while the region dominated by cyclonic vorticity is disrupted by the wake of the smaller islands.
Performance impact of indoor environmental policy implementation for airside systems in Hong Kong Grade A offices
Authors: Wong LT , Mui KW , Cheung CT , Lee EWM , Lee MC 
Published: November 2014

Air-conditioned offices in the subtropics are recommended to operate within specified ranges of indoor temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, and carbon dioxide concentration for thermal energy conservation. As environmental discomfort leads to productivity loss, this study investigates the impact of an indoor environmental policy on Grade A offices served by different airside systems in terms of energy consumption, thermal comfort, and productivity loss. Occupant thermal response is specifically considered as an adaptive factor in the evaluation of energy consumption and productivity loss. Simple Monte Carlo sampling technique was applied to determine the input parameters referenced from literatures for simulation. The findings indicate that the reduction of clothing value improves thermal sensation and should be addressed in the environmental policy to ensure a thermally comfortable indoor environment. Practical application: This study is a useful reference source for evaluating indoor thermal environmental policies for air-conditioned offices in subtropical climates. Implication of clothing value in thermal sensation should be addressed in the environmental policy to ensure a thermally comfortable indoor environment of air-conditioned offices.
The combination of MELD score and ICG liver testing predicts length of stay in the ICU and hospital mortality in liver transplant recipients
Authors: Klinzing Stephanie , Brandi Giovanna , Stehberger Paul A , Raptis Dimitri A , Béchir Markus 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundEarly prediction of outcome would be useful for an optimal intensive care management of liver transplant recipients. Indocyanine green clearance can be measured non-invasively by pulse spectrophometry and is closely related to liver function.MethodsThis study was undertaken to assess the predictive value of a combination of the model of end stage liver disease (MELD) score and early indocyanine plasma disappearance rates (ICG-PDR) for length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU), length of stay in the hospital and hospital mortality in liver transplant recipients.ResultsFifty consecutive liver transplant recipients were included in this post Hoc single-center study. ICG-PDR was determined within 6 hours after ICU admission. Endpoints were length of stay in the ICU, length of hospital stay and hospital mortality. The combination of a high MELD score (MELD >25) and a low ICG-PDR clearance (ICG-PDR < 20%/minute) predicts a significant longer stay in the ICU (p = 0.004), a significant longer stay in the hospital (p < 0.001) and a hospital mortality of 40% vs. 0% (p = 0.003).ConclusionThe combination of MELD scores and a singular ICG-PDR measurement in the early postoperative phase is an accurate predictor for outcome in liver transplant recipients. This easy-to-assess tool might be valuable for an optimal intensive care management of those patients.
Surface Tension of Refrigerant Fluids from a Molecular-Based Model
Authors: Alavianmehr Mohammad Mehdi , Hosseini Sayed Mostafa , Moghadasi Jalil , El-Shaikh Mohammad 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
This work addresses a revised method of Fowler’s approximation for predicting the surface tension of refrigerant liquids using a Lennard–Jones (LJ) (12–6) model potential. The required LJ parameters were determined from the second virial coefficients. The major finding in this work was that the effective soft-sphere diameters of the studied LJ-like fluids were found to be a function of temperature and the acentric factor (ω). The reliability of the proposed method was determined by comparison with the literature over a temperature range of 85–384 K. From the 296 data points examined for the above-mentioned liquids, the overall average absolute deviation (AAD) was found to be 2.50%. The uncertainty in the surface tension prediction was ±6.85%. Additionally, surface thermodynamic functions, such as the surface entropy (SS) and surface enthalpy (HS), were also computed via our method. The uncertainties were found to be ±8.93% and ±11.64%, respectively. Furthermore, the AADs of the estimated SS and HS values were found to be 7.50% and 4.79%, respectively. Finally, our method was also employed to estimate the critical temperature of some alkanes with an uncertainty equal to ±5.56%.
Der Bologna-Prozess als Herausforderung für die theologische Ethik
Authors: Anselm Reiner , Fischer Johannes , Lienemann Wolfgang , Reuter Hans-Richard 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The Bologna process forces a reframing of the theological education. In the autor's mind, it affords chances for an improved quality during the first two cycles. The change from an input-oriented to an output-oriented leaming provides a better professional competences. In addition, the Bologna process provokes to profile theology in an interdisciplinary context. The article outlines the profile of Theological Ethics as a self-contained discipline, connectedwith both, the other theolgical disciplines and the adjacent sciences, such as medicine, law, and sociology. According to this, the authors discuss the advantages and the risks ofthe two-cylcle, BA/MA education and draw the conclusions for the further curriculas in theological ethics. A coml)lon competence-based core-curriculum is presented in order to get joint standards and to improve student's mobility.
Jenseits von Verfügungswissen und Orientierungswissen
Authors: Schmid Konrad 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Protestant Ethics can supply Orientierungswissen as well as Verfügungswissen (Jürgen Mittelstraß). Beyond that it can and must also formulate »Evangeliums«-Wissen, a knowledge about the condition of life that precedes all notions of what we can and should do. There is no reason why this knowledge should not be a fundamental part of the cosmos of sciences. For Protestant Ethics this mode of reasoning is interesting because Protestant Ethics can thus operate in an area of its own while at the same time being more than a pseudo-science of politics, economics or medicine
Kann die Anwendung von Folter in Extremsituationen aus der Sicht christlicher Ethik gerechtfertigt werden?
Authors: Härle Wilfried 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
In accordance with the Christian understanding ofhuman dignity, torture can be considered as a Iegitimale ethical alternative only if it does not serve as punishment or intend to elicit a juridical confession but rather intends to rescue actually threatened human life. However, the indirect relation between torture and potential rescue creates an unavoidable uncertainty ofknowing and deciding. This is the most important difference between torture on the one hand and both self-defence (Notwehr) and self-defence by proxy (Nothilfe) on the other. And precisely this difference excludes any ethical justification of torture. Who nevertheless- for ethical reasons- in a situation of serious conflict decides to command ortoperform torture must at least accept the juridical consequences of his or her decision.