bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Communication, work systems and HRD
Authors: Wayne Pace R. 
Published: February 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this article is to show the foundational place that communication theory and its practice occupies in functioning work systems.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper defines the word communication in terms of the creation and interpretation of displays, describes what it means to have a theoretical foundation for a discipline, identifies and elaborates on the development driving force of human resource development (HRD), presents and explains a model of a work system in which HRD functions, and elaborates on the role, function, and place of communicative acts in the maintenance of the work system and the work of HRD professionals.

Findings
– The article posits that communication theory underlies the processes and activities of both scholars and practitioners of HRD. Finally, it argues that courses in communication theory and organizational communication are essential in the preparation of both scholars and practitioners.

Research limitations/implications
– Research on the vagaries of communication in work systems may need to focus on identifying the causes of more easily identified symptoms. Researchers must be constantly alert to the changing role of communication as both a symptom and a cause of effective and ineffective work system functioning.

Practical implications
– Since human resource development is applied, practiced, and used predominantly in work systems, sensitivity to the fundamental role that communication plays in work systems may allow HRD practitioners to take a communicative perspective in analyzing and solving problems.

Originality/value
– This article directs readers to the main, fundamental issue in organizations and highlights the central role of communication in the functioning and development of both the human resources and the work system.
Effect of Bacterial Pneumonia on Lung Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) Replication in Alcohol Consuming SIV‐Infected Rhesus Macaques
Authors: Nelson Steve , Happel Kyle I. , Zhang Ping , Myers Leann , Dufour Jason P. , Bagby Gregory J. 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundOpportunistic infections in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected persons have been shown to increase the rate of HIV replication. In populations where prophylaxis against Pneumocystis pneumonia is utilized, bacterial pneumonia is now the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in HIV+ patients. Our prior studies have shown that chronic alcohol consumption in demarcated simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)‐infected rhesus macaques increases plasma viral load set point and accelerates progression to end‐stage acquired immune deficiency syndrome. While chronic alcohol abuse is well known to increase the incidence and severity of bacterial pneumonia, the impact of alcohol consumption on local and systemic SIV/HIV burden during lung infection is unknown. Therefore, we utilized the macaque SIV infection model to examine the effect of chronic ethanol (EtOH) feeding on SIV burden during the course of pulmonary infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae, the most commonly identified etiology of bacterial pneumonia in HIV+ and HIV− persons in developed countries.MethodsAlcohol was administered starting 3 months before SIVmac251 inoculation to the end of the study via an indwelling intragastric catheter to achieve a plasma alcohol concentration of 50 to 60 mM. Control animals received isocaloric sucrose. Four months after SIV infection, the right lung was inoculated with 2 × 106 CFU S. pneumoniae.ResultsLeukocyte recruitment into the lung, pulmonary bacterial clearance, and clinical course were similar between EtOH and control groups. While plasma SIV viral load was similar between groups postpneumonia, chronic EtOH‐fed macaques showed a prolonged increase in SIV RNA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Alveolar macrophages isolated from EtOH‐fed macaques 1 day post‐pneumonia showed greater nuclear factor kappa beta (NF‐κB) activation.ConclusionsThis study indicates that chronic EtOH feeding results in enhanced local, but not systemic, SIV replication following pneumococcal pneumonia. Increased NF‐κB activity in the setting of chronic EtOH ingestion may play a mechanistic role in this observation.
How to administrate erythropoietin, intravenous or subcutaneous?
Authors: Costa Simonetta , Romagnoli Costantino , Zuppa Antonio Alberto , Cota Francesco , Scorrano Antonio , Gallini Francesca , Maggio Luca 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimTo determine whether adding recombinant erythropoietin to the intravenous (IV) solution and administering it as a 24‐h continuous infusion would result in an erythropoietic effect not inferior to that seen with subcutaneous (SC) administration.MethodsInfants weighing ≤1500 grams and ≤32 weeks of gestational age were randomly assigned at 72 h of life to receive erythropoietin (300 units/kg, 3 times a week until 36 complete weeks of postmenstrual age or discharge), either subcutaneously [erythropoietin subcutaneous (ESC) group] or added to IV fluids [erythropoietin intravenous (EIV) group].ResultsOne hundred infants were randomized (50 in the EIV group and 50 in the ESC group). The incidence of transfusions was comparable in the two groups, similar in baseline characteristics and haematologic values at study entry. Phlebotomy losses did not differ between groups, and at the end of the study, there were no differences in reticulocyte counts, transferrin saturation and ferritin. No differences in the incidence of side effects were observed.ConclusionsIn preterm infants, continuous intravenous administration of erythropoietin was not inferior to SC dosing.
Functional characterization of isolated, perfused outermedullary descending human vasa recta
Authors: Sendeski M. M. , Liu Z. Z. , Perlewitz A. , Busch J. F. , Ikromov O. , Weikert S. , Persson P. B. , Patzak A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimThe renal medulla plays an important role in the control of water and salt balance by the kidney. Outer medullary descending vasa recta (OMDVR) are microscopic vessels providing blood flow to the renal medulla. Data on the physiology of human vasa recta are scarce. Therefore, we established an experimental model of human single isolated, perfused OMDVR and characterized their vasoactivity in response to angiotensin II and to pressure changes.MethodsHuman non‐malignant renal tissue was obtained from patients undergoing nephrectomy due to renal cell carcinoma. OMDVR were dissected under magnification and perfused using concentric microscopic pipettes. The response of OMDVR to angiotensin II and pressure changes was quantified in serial pictures. All patients signed a consent form prior to surgery.ResultsOuter medullary descending vasa recta constricted significantly after bolus applications of angiotensin II. OMDVR constriction to angiotensin II was also concentration dependent. Response to luminal pressure changes was different according to the diameter of vessels, with larger OMDVR constricting after pressure increase, while smaller ones did not.ConclusionOuter medullary descending vasa recta constrict in response to angiotensin II and pressure increases. Our results show that OMDVR may take part in the regulation of medullary blood flow in humans. Our model may be suitable for investigating disturbances of renal medullary circulation in human subjects.
Liquidity Dynamics in an Electronic Open Limit Order Book: an Event Study Approach
Authors: Gomber Peter , Schweickert Uwe , Theissen Erik 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe analyse the dynamics of liquidity in an electronic limit order book using the Exchange Liquidity Measure (XLM), a measure of the cost of a roundtrip trade of given size V. We use intraday event study methodology to analyse how liquidity shocks ‐ large transactions and Bloomberg ticker news ‐ affect the XLM. We find that resiliency after large transactions is high, i.e., liquidity quickly reverts to ‘normal’ levels. Large trades are ‘timed’; they take place at times when liquidity is unusually high. Bloomberg ticker news items do not have a discernible effect on liquidity.
Chilodonella uncinata is Not Pathogenic to Culex pipiens Mosquitoes
Authors: Spring Kevin J. , Zufall Rebecca A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractChilodonella uncinata was previously reported to be pathogenic to Culex and other mosquitoes based on the observation of high densities of ciliates inside of dead mosquito larvae. Here, we tested whether co‐culturing Cx. pipiens with Ch. uncinata resulted in decreased survival of the mosquito larvae. We find no evidence that Ch. uncinata is pathogenic to Cx. pipiens. We suggest that Ch. uncinata may instead feed on already deceased larvae.
Harry Johnston's New Boot: The Uganda Agreement and Ideas of Development
Authors: McKnight Glenn H. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAs an early development practitioner, Harry Johnston came to Uganda intending to develop a socially responsible capitalism – his ‘new boot’ for the Baganda. He negotiated this intent into the 1900 Uganda Agreement and expected that, once implemented, these conditions would lead naturally to the desired ends. What happened was something quite different. Baganda chiefs negotiated their own goals into the Agreement, and their actions, along with those of Baganda farmers and workers, produced very different results than that which Johnston envisioned. In effect, his intent to develop was subsumed by the contingent process of development. While interesting in itself, this story informs recent development debates. Some post‐development theorists, while attempting to provide a practical alternative to modernist development, appear to incorporate assumptions similar to those under which Johnston operated. However, if these laudable attempts are to succeed, they must learn from Johnston's experience and account for development's contingent nature.
Molecular Characterization of Whole Genomic RNA2 From Iranian Isolates of Grapevine Fanleaf Virus
Authors: Zarghani Shaheen Nourinejhad , Shams‐Bakhsh Masoud , Bashir Nemat Sokhandan , Wetzel Thierry 
Published: February 2013

AbstractGrapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) is the major causal agent of the grapevine degeneration disease. To characterize the genomic RNA2 segment from Iranian isolates of GFLV, leaf samples were collected from infected vineyards in different locations with a long history of vine cultivation. Four isolates were selected for cloning and sequencing on the basis of the restriction profiles of RT‐PCR products. The sequencing data revealed that the RNA2 of the Iranian GFLV isolates were the shortest compared with that of all previously described GFLV isolates. The sizes were 3730 nucleotides (nt) for Shir‐Amin and Urmia isolates and 3749 nt for Takestan and Bonab isolates (excluding the poly (A) tail), due to deletion events in both 5′ and 3′ non‐coding regions. In the phylogenetic tree based on the full‐length nucleotide sequences of GFLV RNA2, all the GFLV isolates clustered into two groups with the exception of the Hungarian isolate (GHu). The Iranian isolates grouped as a distinct cluster. Recombination analyses showed that GFLV‐NW (Germany), GFLV‐F13 (reference isolate), GFLV isolate Shir‐Amin (Iran) and Arabis mosaic virus isolate Lv were recombinant isolates and one of their parents belonged to the same lineage as the Iranian isolates. These findings suggest that these isolates originated from a common ancestor.
Patterns of chloroplast DNA polymorphism in the endangered polyploid Centaurea borjae (Asteraceae): Implications for preserving genetic diversity
Authors: LOPEZ Lua , BARREIRO Rodolfo 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA previous study with amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprints found no evidence of genetic impoverishment in the endangered Centaurea borjae and recommended that four management units (MUs) should be designated. Nevertheless, the high ploidy (6x) of this narrow endemic plant suggested that these conclusions should be validated by independent evidence derived from non‐nuclear markers. Here, the variable trnT‐F region of the plastid genome was sequenced to obtain this new evidence and to provide an historical background for the current genetic structure. Plastid sequences revealed little genetic variation; calling into question the previous conclusion that C. borjae does not undergo genetic impoverishment. By contrast, the conclusion that gene flow must be low was reinforced by the strong genetic differentiation detected among populations using plastid sequences (global FST = 0.419). The spatial arrangement of haplotypes and diversity indicate that the populations currently located at the center of the species range are probable sites of long‐persistence whereas the remaining sites may have derived from a latter colonization. From a conservation perspective, four populations contributed most to the allelic richness of the plastid genome of the species and should be given priority. Combined with previous AFLP results, these new data recommended that five, instead of four, MUs should be established. Altogether, our study highlights the benefits of combining markers with different modes of inheritance to design accurate conservation guidelines and to obtain clues on the evolutionary processes behind the present‐day genetic structures.
Hydrogen peroxide alters sternohyoid muscle function
Authors: Shortt CM , O'Halloran KD 
Published: February 2013

Upper airway (UA) dilator muscles are critical for the maintenance of airway patency. Injury or fatigue to this group of muscles, as observed in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and animal models of OSA, may leave the UA susceptible to collapse. Although the mechanisms underlying respiratory muscle dysfunction are not completely understood, there is strong evidence suggesting a link between increased production of reactive oxygen species and altered muscle function. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of H2O2 on rat sternohyoid muscle function in vitro. Sternohyoid contractile and endurance properties were examined at 35°C under control or hypoxic conditions. Studies were conducted in the presence of varying concentrations of H2O2 (0, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mM). Muscle function was also examined in the presence of antioxidants [desferoxamine (DFX), catalase] and the reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT). H2O2 decreased muscle endurance in a concentration‐dependent manner. This was partially reversed by catalase, DFX and DTT. Our results suggest that oxidants may contribute to UA respiratory muscle dysfunction with implications for the control of UA patency in vivo.
Welfare and Democratization – Comparing Croatia, Serbia and Macedonia
Authors: Stambolieva Marija 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe article discusses the main determinants of welfare transformation after the regime change from communism towards democracy. The states of the former Yugoslavia, notwithstanding a common welfare state structure, albeit at different quality levels, after departing communism developed diverse trajectories. In response to the wars, war‐related consequences and growing economic pressures, the national political elites in Yugoslav successor states initially extended welfare provisions and thus thwarted popular mobilization. The international actors' agenda gained ground in a setting characterized by nationalistic resentments, popular disorientation and elite capture. What the analyzed country cases suggest is that democratization has contributed to making reforms more responsive to public concerns. On the other hand, ‘defective’ systems continue to impede economic development and compromise the welfare state's redistributive role.
Canine osteosarcoma cells exhibit resistance to aurora kinase inhibitors
Authors: Cannon C. M. , Pozniak J. , Scott M. C. , Ito D. , Gorden B. H. , Graef A. J. , Modiano J. F. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe evaluated the effect of Aurora kinase inhibitors AZD1152 and VX680 on canine osteosarcoma cells. Cytotoxicity was seen in all four cell lines; however, half‐maximal inhibitory concentrations were significantly higher than in human leukaemia and canine lymphoma cells. AZD1152 reduced Aurora kinase B phosphorylation, indicating resistance was not because of failure of target recognition. Efflux mediated by ABCB1 and ABCG2 transporters is one known mechanism of resistance against these drugs and verapamil enhanced AZD1152‐induced apoptosis; however, these transporters were only expressed by a small percentage of cells in each line and the effects of verapamil were modest, suggesting other mechanisms contribute to resistance. Our results indicate that canine osteosarcoma cells are resistant to Aurora kinase inhibitors and suggest that these compounds are unlikely to be useful as single agents for this disease. Further investigation of these resistance mechanisms and the potential utility of Aurora kinase inhibitors in multi‐agent protocols is warranted.
The Genome of Cronobacter sakazakii Bacteriophage vB_CsaP_GAP227 Suggests a New Genus within the
Autographivirinae
Authors: Abbasifar Reza , Kropinski Andrew M. , Sabour Parviz M. , Ackermann Hans-Wolfgang , Alanis Villa Argentina , Abbasifar Arash , Griffiths Mansel W. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

The genome of
Cronobacter sakazakii
podovirus vB_CsaP_GAP227 was fully sequenced. The DNA of this lytic phage consists of 41,796 bp and has a G+C content of 55.7%. Forty-nine open reading frames and no tRNAs were identified. This phage is related to
Yersinia
phages ϕR8-01 and ϕ80-18 and
Aeromonas
phage phiAS7.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Alfalfa Symbiont
Sinorhizobium
/Ensifer meliloti Strain GR4
Authors: Martínez-Abarca Francisco , Martínez-Rodríguez Laura , López-Contreras José Antonio , Jiménez-Zurdo José Ignacio , Toro Nicolás 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

We present the complete nucleotide sequence of the multipartite genome of
Sinorhizobium
/
Ensifer meliloti
GR4, a predominant rhizobial strain in an agricultural field site. The genome (total size, 7.14 Mb) consists of five replicons: one chromosome, two expected symbiotic megaplasmids (pRmeGR4c and pRmeGR4d), and two accessory plasmids (pRmeGR4a and pRmeGR4b).
Complete Genome Sequence of Human Adenovirus Type 7 Associated with Fatal Infant Pneumonia
Authors: Tang Liuying , An Junjing , Yu Pengbo , Xu Wenbo 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT
The Chinese human adenovirus 7 (HAdV7) 0901HZ/ShX/CHN/2009 was isolated from the hydrothorax fluid of an infant with fatal pneumonia in Shaanxi, China, in 2009. Comparison of the entire genome with the genomes of the other 10 strains of HAdV7 from GenBank revealed homologies of 89.9 to 99.9%, with geographic polymorphism among HAdV-7 field strains circulating in mainland China.
Genome of
Cupriavidus
sp. HMR-1, a Heavy Metal-Resistant Bacterium
Authors: Li Li-Guan , Cai Lin , Zhang Tong 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Cupriavidus
sp. HMR-1 was isolated from a heavy metal-enriched culture of activated sludge from a wastewater treatment plant in Hong Kong. Here, we release the HMR-1 genome to provide basic genetic characteristics for a better understanding of its multiple heavy metal resistance properties.
Exploring education and training needs among the palliative care workforce
Authors: Ingleton Christine , Gardiner Clare , Seymour Jane E , Richards Naomi , Gott Merryn 
Published: February 2013

ObjectivesEducation and training are seen as ‘absolutely essential parts of providing palliative care’. As part of a larger study to explore the extent of palliative care need in two acute hospital settings, we report the perceptions of healthcare professionals regarding their training and educational needs.MethodsIn Phase 1, we undertook eight focus groups and four individual interviews with 58 health professionals from general practice, specialist palliative care and acute hospitals, exploring perceived education and training priorities. Phase 2 of the study involved a survey of palliative care need at two hospitals in England. Hospital based doctors and nurses completed questionnaires to identify patients with palliative care needs and to respond to questions about their training and education needs.ResultsVarious barriers exist to the provision and management of palliative care, not least a need for more education and training. Focus group participants felt they were not adequately trained to address prognosis and goals of care with patients and their families. In Phase 2 of the study, 171 nursing staff and 81 medical staff completed the questionnaire and two-thirds of our sample felt they required additional training in palliative care.ConclusionsAlthough important, the use of standardised care pathways alongside the provision of education and training for healthcare professionals alone will not improve quality of care. More work is needed to examine and clarify the interplay of: behaviour change, setting, the ‘cure’ orientation approach, type of health professional and nature of any educational intervention in order to effect sustained behavioural change.
Deletion of the Activated Protein-1 Transcription Factor JunD Induces Oxidative Stress and Accelerates Age-Related Endothelial Dysfunction
Authors: Paneni Francesco , Osto Elena , Costantino Sarah , Mateescu Bogdan , Briand Sylvie , Coppolino Giuseppe , Perna Enrico , Mocharla Pavani , Akhmedov Alexander , Kubant Ruslan , Rohrer Lucia , Malinski Tadeusz , Camici Giovanni G. , Matter Christian M. , Mechta-Grigoriou Fatima , Volpe Massimo , Lüscher Thomas F. , Cosentino Francesco 
Published: February 2013

Background—
Reactive oxygen species are major determinants of vascular aging. JunD, a member of the activated protein-1 family of transcription factors, is emerging as a major gatekeeper against oxidative stress. However, its contribution to reactive oxygen species homeostasis in the vasculature remains unknown.

Methods and Results—

Endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation was impaired in young and old
JunD
−/−
mice (6 and 22 months old) compared with age-matched wild-type mice.
JunD
−/−
mice displayed an age-independent decline in endothelial nitric oxide release and endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity and increased mitochondrial superoxide formation and peroxynitrite levels. Furthermore, vascular expression and activity of the free radical scavengers manganese and extracellular superoxide dismutase and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 were reduced, whereas the NADPH oxidase subunits p47phox, Nox2, and Nox4 were upregulated. These redox changes were associated with premature vascular aging, as shown by reduced telomerase activity, increased β-galactosidase–positive cells, upregulation of the senescence markers p16
INK4a
and p53, and mitochondrial disruption. Interestingly, old wild-type mice showed a reduction in JunD expression and transcriptional activity resulting from promoter hypermethylation and binding with tumor suppressor menin, respectively. In contrast, JunD overexpression blunted age-induced endothelial dysfunction. In human endothelial cells, JunD knockdown exerted a similar impairment of the O
2
−
/nitric oxide balance that was prevented by concomitant NADPH inhibition. In parallel, JunD expression was reduced in monocytes from old versus young healthy subjects and correlated with mRNA levels of scavenging and oxidant enzymes.

Conclusions—
JunD provides protection in aging-induced endothelial dysfunction and may represent a novel target to prevent reactive oxygen species–driven vascular aging.