bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New PN Cage Compounds Generated by Small‐Molecule Activation
Authors: Hinz Alexander , Schulz Axel , Villinger Alexander 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe isolation of new small‐cage compounds consisting exclusively of Group 15 elements was achieved by exploiting the reactivity of diphosphadiazanediyls. These biradicaloids were used to activate small molecules containing double bonds, such as diazenes and in situ generated diphosphenes, leading to the formation of hexapnicta‐[2.1.1]bicyclohexanes.
Comparison of Clinical Trial Outcome Patterns in Patients Following Acute Coronary Syndromes and in Patients With Chronic Stable Atherosclerosis
Authors: Mahaffey Kenneth W. , Wojdyla Daniel M. , Pieper Karen S. , Tricoci Pierluigi , Alexander John H. , Lincoff A. Michael , Brennan Danielle M. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Wallentin Lars , Harrington Robert A. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe transition of patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease from the acute phase of the disease to the chronic stable atherosclerosis (CSA) phase has not been well characterized. We sought to compare ischemic and bleeding outcomes in hospitalized patients enrolled in clinical trials of non–ST‐elevation acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with patients enrolled in outpatient trials of CSA.HypothesisThe risk for recurrent events will differ between the 2 populations.MethodsPatient‐level outcome data were evaluated from 3 consecutive trials of patients with ACS with long‐term follow‐up and 2 trials of patients with CSA. Kaplan‐Meier curves were generated for ischemic and bleeding outcomes.ResultsIn total, 37 370 patients were included in these analyses. Of these, 28 489 (76.2%) were from ACS trials and 8881 (23.8%) from chronic trials. During the first year of follow‐up, 1353 deaths, 1081 cardiovascular (CV) deaths, 2113 myocardial infarctions (MIs), and 397 strokes occurred across the trials. Six‐month Kaplan‐Meier event rates for CV death, MI, or stroke were higher in the ACS trials compared with the CSA trials (8.6% vs 2.7%), as were the 1‐year CV death rate (3.6% vs 1.7%) and 1‐year rates for GUSTO moderate or severe bleeding (6.0% vs 1.3%). Qualitatively, the Kaplan‐Meier curves appear to show an early increased risk as well as a continued increased risk over time.ConclusionsPatients with ACS enrolled while in the hospital appear to have different risk profiles for ischemic and bleeding outcomes compared with outpatients enrolled with CSA, including those patients with ACS after the acute phase.
Production of Hydrogen by Glycerol Photoreforming Using Binary Nitrogen–Metal‐Promoted N‐M‐TiO2 Photocatalysts
Authors: Taylor Sean , Mehta Mihir , Samokhvalov Alexander 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe need for renewable energy focuses attention on hydrogen obtained by using sustainable and green methods. The sustainable compound glycerol can be used for hydrogen production by heterogeneous photocatalysis. A novel approach involves the promotion of the TiO2 photocatalyst with a binary combination of nitrogen and transition metal. We report the synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of the new N‐M‐TiO2 photocatalysts (M=none, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu), and the photocatalytic reforming of glycerol to hydrogen under ambient conditions and near‐UV or visible light versus benchmark P25 TiO2. In units of activity μmol m−2 h−1, N‐Ni‐TiO2 is five‐fold more active than P25, and N‐Cu‐TiO2 is 44‐fold more active. The photocatalytic activity of N‐M‐TiO2 increases from Cr to Co and Ni, whereas the photoluminescence decreases; the change in activity is due to the modulation of charge recombination.
Properties of human blood monocytes. I. CD91 expression and log orthogonal light scatter provide a robust method to identify monocytes that is more accurate than CD14 expression
Authors: Hudig Dorothy , Hunter Kenneth W. , Diamond W. John , Redelman Doug 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundThis study was designed to improve identification of human blood monocytes by using antibodies to molecules that occur consistently on all stages of monocyte development and differentiation.MethodsWe examined blood samples from 200 healthy adults without clinically diagnosed immunological abnormalities by flow cytometry (FCM) with multiple combinations of antibodies and with a hematology analyzer (Beckman LH750).ResultsCD91 (α2‐macroglobulin receptor) was expressed only by monocytes and to a consistent level among subjects [mean median fluorescence intensity (MFI) = 16.2 ± 3.2]. Notably, only 85.7 ± 5.82% of the CD91+ monocytes expressed high levels of the classical monocyte marker CD14, with some CD91+ CD16+ cells having negligible CD14, indicating that substantial FCM under‐counts will occur when monocytes are identified by high CD14. CD33 (receptor for sialyl conjugates) was co‐expressed with CD91 on monocytes but CD33 expression varied by nearly ten‐fold among subjects (mean MFI = 17.4 ± 7.7). In comparison to FCM analyses, the hematology analyzer systematically over‐counted monocytes and eosinophils while lymphocyte and neutrophil differential values generally agreed with FCM methods.ConclusionsCD91 is a better marker to identify monocytes than CD14 or CD33. Furthermore, FCM (with anti‐CD91) identifies monocytes better than a currently used clinical CBC instrument. Use of anti‐CD91 together with anti‐CD14 and anti‐CD16 supports the identification of the diagnostically significant monocyte populations with variable expression of CD14 and CD16. © 2013 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Translation and validation of a spanish version of the sociocultural attitudes towards appearance questionnaire‐4 (SATAQ‐4)
Authors: Llorente Enrique , Gleaves David H. , Warren Cortney S. , Pérez‐de‐Eulate Lourdes , Rakhkovskaya Liya 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe goal of this study was to create a Spanish version of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire‐4 (SATAQ‐4) and examine its factorial validity, reliability, and convergent validity in a sample of women from Spain.MethodTwo hundred and sixty female college students from Spain completed the Spanish version of the SATAQ‐4 and measures for eating pathology.ResultsInternal consistency was high; data from EFA and CFA supported the original five‐factor structure; and results showed good convergent validity with measures of body‐image and eating problems.DiscussionResults strongly support the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of SATAQ‐4 and its use to examine perceived pressure for thinness from parents, peers and the media; and thin‐ and muscular/athletic‐ideal internalization in Spanish‐speaking adult women. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:170–175)
Use of the p‐Tolylsulfinyl Group as a Chiral Inductor in Stereoselective [4+3] Cycloaddition Reactions: Preparation of Enantiopure Polysubstituted 8‐Oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct‐6‐en‐3‐one Systems Having up to Five Stereocenters
Authors: Montaña Ángel M. , Grima Pedro M. , Batalla Consuelo , Sanz Francisca , Kociok‐Köhn Gabriele 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe use of the p‐tolylsulfinyl group as a chiral inductor in stereoselective [4+3] cycloaddition reactions has made possible the preparation of enantiopure polysubstituted 8‐oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct‐6‐en‐3‐one systems having up to five stereocenters. The presence in the furan diene of a susbtituent at the 3‐position bearing an atom with lone‐pair electrons propitiates the coordination of a metallic atom by the sulfoxide and the R3 “ligand” group. This chelation effect, together with the stereoelectronic demand of the R3 and sulfoxide groups, considerably decreases the degree of conformational freedom of the diene moiety in the cyclic transition state leading to the observed stereoselectivity. By choosing appropriate substituents in the furan ring, it is possible to obtain 100:0 cis‐trans and 100:0 endo‐exo diastereoselectivities. Up to 100 % π‐facial diastereoselectivity (enantioselectivity after removal of the sulfoxide group) could be reached. Yields lie within the range of 50–80 %, depending on the furan substrate. However, if the furan diene is fitted with deactivating electron‐withdrawing substituents, low conversions were observed under certain reaction conditions, but always with excellent‐to‐complete chemo‐ and stereoselectivities. The conversion and yield increase on introduction of an electron‐donating substituent at the C‐3 of the furan ring.
Electrochemical Sensors for Nitric Oxide Detection in Biological Applications
Authors: Xu Tailin , Scafa Nikki , Xu Li‐Ping , Su Lei , Li Chenzhong , Zhou Shufeng , Liu Yang , Zhang Xueji 
Published: February 2014

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in physiological processes and it has been confirmed some human diseases are related to its biological function. Electrochemical sensors provide an efficient way to explore the NO function in biological processes. This review details different kinds of electrochemical sensors used for NO concentration detection between 2008 and 2013 together with their application in biological samples. Four commonly used electrodes and different assisted analysis membranes used for contributions towards the development of the novel sensors were summarized. Electrochemical sensors employed to measure NO concentration in a single cell, cell culture, tissue homogenate, organ, in vivo, human being, as well as in plant were also detailed. The trends of developing novel NO sensors were outlooked in the last part.
Morphological features of the neonatal brain support development of subsequent cognitive, language, and motor abilities
Authors: Spann Marisa N. , Bansal Ravi , Rosen Tove S. , Peterson Bradley S. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractKnowledge of the role of brain maturation in the development of cognitive abilities derives primarily from studies of school‐age children to adults. Little is known about the morphological features of the neonatal brain that support the subsequent development of abilities in early childhood, when maturation of the brain and these abilities are the most dynamic. The goal of our study was to determine whether brain morphology during the neonatal period supports early cognitive development through 2 years of age. We correlated morphological features of the cerebral surface assessed using deformation‐based measures (surface distances) of high‐resolution MRI scans for 33 healthy neonates, scanned between the first to sixth week of postmenstrual life, with subsequent measures of their motor, language, and cognitive abilities at ages 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. We found that morphological features of the cerebral surface of the frontal, mesial prefrontal, temporal, and occipital regions correlated with subsequent motor scores, posterior parietal regions correlated with subsequent language scores, and temporal and occipital regions correlated with subsequent cognitive scores. Measures of the anterior and middle portions of the cingulate gyrus correlated with scores across all three domains of ability. Most of the significant findings were inverse correlations located bilaterally in the brain. The inverse correlations may suggest either that a more protracted morphological maturation or smaller local volumes of neonatal brain tissue supports better performance on measures of subsequent motor, language, and cognitive abilities throughout the first 2 years of postnatal life. The correlations of morphological measures of the cingulate with measures of performance across all domains of ability suggest that the cingulate supports a broad range of skills in infancy and early childhood, similar to its functions in older children and adults. Hum Brain Mapp 35:4459–4474, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transoral robotic supraglottic laryngectomy: Surgical considerations
Authors: Durmus Kasim , Gokozan Hamza N. , Ozer Enver 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundTransoral robotic surgery (TORS) has emerged as a novel, safe, and feasible procedure for the resection of supraglottic laryngeal cancers. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the surgical technique for TORS supraglottic laryngectomy (SGL).MethodsA patient with a T2N0M0 laryngeal cancer limited to the supraglottic larynx was selected for TORS.ResultsEn bloc tumor resection was accomplished with negative surgical margins together with bilateral selective neck dissection. There was no perioperative or early postoperative complication. The patient was extubated immediately after surgery. Oral supraglottic diet was initiated within the first 24 hours. No gastrostomy or tracheostomy tube placement was required. A video demonstration of the surgical technique is included on Head & Neck's website.ConclusionTORS SGL is a safe and feasible procedure for the resection of selected supraglottic tumors. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 125–126, 2015
The Extra‐Territoriality of the Statutory Stay in an English Administration
Authors: Anderson Hamish 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis article considers the extra‐territorial scope of the stay imposed in an English administration and argues that it should be treated by the English courts as applying without territorial limitation but that the courts should nonetheless grant leave to proceed in other jurisdictions in any case where there is no sufficient connection with England. It argues that this solution would be right in principle and that the court is not constrained from adopting such an approach by precedent. Copyright © 2014 INSOL International and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Assessing the Assessments
Authors: Harmer Ron 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThey said of the July 1997 Asian regional financial crisis that ‘…it could never happen again’. They were right. There has not been another regional crisis—just an international one! This paper owes its origins to the Asian financial crisis. The crisis sparked the development of an assessment model for the evaluation of insolvency laws. The paper reviews the considerable developments in this area, commencing with the pioneering work of the Asian Development Bank in the aftermath of the Asian financial crisis in 1997 and culminating in the, now, quite established triennial practice of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) in its assessment of the insolvency laws of its ‘countries of operation’. Along the way, mention is also made of the development and application of the World Bank ‘Principles’ and the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law Legislative Guide for Insolvency Law. All of these diagnostic tools have been variously employed in an endeavour to provide a fair and acceptable basis for evaluating an insolvency law. The paper draws comparisons from these tools and concludes that there is a considerable degree of correlation between them, such that approaches taken in 1998 have remained much the same to this time. The EBRD assessment programme is singled out for fuller analysis. It was developed with the benefit of the earlier assessment models and is consistently used as a means of tracking the development of insolvency laws. Accordingly, the paper presents the survey questionnaire on which the EBRD assessment is based, explains the methodology behind it and presents the results of the last of such assessments (2009). It invites an examination of the bases on which the EBRD assessments are undertaken and whether the approach is sufficiently broad, objective and fair and its use in possibly creating aspirations for reform. One purpose of the paper is to capture and record the historical origins and development of the assessment models before it all becomes lost in the passage of time. The paper also advances the use of the EBRD assessment model as a teaching tool in courses in comparative and international insolvency law. Copyright © 2014 INSOL International and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
THE USE OF WATER IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR: A PROCEDURE FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF LARGE‐SCALE IRRIGATION EFFICIENCY WITH GIS
Authors: Tromboni Flavia , Bortolini Lucia , Martello Marco 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTLarge‐scale water assessment models can be valid decision support systems for water management institutions. We developed a spatially distributed model in order to evaluate efficiencies of irrigation scenarios. Model development required four stages: questionnaire data collection from farmers, integration of questionnaire data with water supply and physical soil characteristics data, cluster analysis with Management Zone Analyst, and GIS for spatial distribution. Four irrigation scenarios in the north‐east of Italy were compared: (i) the current condition (three turns of 24 h of supplied water per month), (ii) scenario 2 (three turns of 16 h of supplied water per month), (iii) scenario 3 (four turns of 12 h per month); and (iv) scenario 4 (4 turns of 10 h per month). In the current irrigation scheme, results show high potential water excess in every month of the irrigation season. Shifting from three to four irrigation turns per month increased the probability of water excess, because water losses decreased and water availability for plants increased. For the same reason, potential water excess increased when the duration of each turn decreased, even when the total water supply was reduced. The irrigation efficiency index, therefore, was lowest in scenario 1 compared to the other scenarios. Scenario 4, in contrast, was the most efficient. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Whole‐lesion apparent diffusion coefficient metrics as a marker of percentage Gleason 4 component within Gleason 7 prostate cancer at radical prostatectomy
Authors: Rosenkrantz Andrew B. , Triolo Michael J. , Melamed Jonathan , Rusinek Henry , Taneja Samir S. , Deng Fang‐Ming 
Published: February 2014

PurposeTo retrospectively assess the utility of whole‐lesion apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) metrics in characterizing the Gleason 4 component of Gleason 7 prostate cancer (PCa) at radical prostatectomy.Materials and MethodsSeventy patients underwent phased‐array coil 3T‐magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before prostatectomy. A uropathologist mapped locations and Gleason 4 percentage (G4%) of Gleason 7 tumors. Two radiologists independently reviewed ADC maps, aware of tumor locations but not G4%, and placed a volume‐of‐interest (VOI) on all slices including each lesion on the ADC map to obtain whole‐lesion mean ADC and ADC entropy. Entropy reflects textural variation and increases with greater macroscopic heterogeneity. Performance for characterizing Gleason 7 tumors was assessed with mixed‐model analysis of variance (ANOVA) and logistic regression.ResultsAmong 84 Gleason 7 tumors (G4% 5%–85%, median 30%; 59 Gleason 3+4, 25 Gleason 4+3), ADC entropy was significantly higher in Gleason 4+3 than Gleason 3+4 tumors (R1: 5.27 ± 0.61 vs. 4.62 ± 0.78, P = 0.001; R2: 5.91 ± 0.32 vs. 5.57 ± 0.56, P = 0.004); mean ADC was not significantly different between these groups (R1: 0.90 ± 0.15*10−3cm2/s vs. 0.98 ± 0.21*10−3cm2/s, P = 0.075; R2: 1.06 ± 0.19*10−3cm2/s vs. 1.14 ± 0.16*10−3cm2/s, P = 0.083). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) for differentiating groups was significantly higher with ADC entropy than mean ADC for one observer (R1: 0.74 vs. 0.57, P = 0.027; R2: 0.69 vs. 0.61, P = 0.329). For R1, correlation with G4% was moderate for ADC entropy (r = 0.45) and weak for mean ADC (r = −0.25). For R2, correlation with G4% was moderate for ADC entropy (r = 0.41) and mean ADC (r = −0.32). For both readers, ADC entropy (P = 0.028–0.003), but not mean ADC (P = 0.384–0.854), was a significant independent predictor of G4%.ConclusionWhole‐lesion ADC entropy outperformed mean ADC in characterizing Gleason 7 tumors and may help refine prognosis for this heterogeneous PCa subset. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:708–714. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modeling of high‐frequency noise of silicon CMOS transistors for RFIC design
Authors: Antonopoulos Angelos , Bucher Matthias , Papathanasiou Kostas , Makris Nikolaos , Mavredakis Nikolaos , Sharma Rupendra Kumar , Sakalas Paulius , Schroter Michael 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYThis work presents high‐frequency noise measurements and compact modeling for a 90‐nm silicon complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology in terms of radio frequency (RF) figures of merit (FoMs). Minimum noise figure (NFmin), equivalent noise resistance (Rn), optimum source reflection coefficient (Γopt), thermal noise excess factor and a recently introduced FoM for common‐source low‐noise amplifier (LNA) design are presented from a circuit design perspective. For this purpose, the behavior of the above mentioned RF FoMs is investigated over the level of channel inversion, providing insight from a circuit design point of view. The EKV3 MOSFET advanced compact model has been used in Spectre simulator, and results are validated over a large range of frequencies, channel lengths and bias points, for both N‐type and P‐type MOS devices. Optimum performance is shown to be shifted from higher to lower levels of inversion in moderate inversion, when scaling from 240 nm down to 100 nm. This is of great significance considering that the demand for low‐power RF circuits becomes more and more imperative, as planar silicon CMOS technology is scaled to the deca‐nanometer regime. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microgroove formation in surface ridges in impact elliptical EHL contacts
Authors: Kaneta M. , Guo F. , Wang J. , Krupka I. , Hartl M. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe microgrooves are formed in the surface ridges by local pressure increases caused by impact loading in elliptical elastohydrodynamic contacts. It has been elucidated through isothermal Newtonian numerical analyses that the depth and the distribution of microgrooves are influenced by the height, shape and orientation of the ridges, the initial impact gap, the maximum load and time being exposed to the maximum load. The formation of the microgrooves induced by local high pressures will influence the surface failure of machine elements. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Photovoltaic Properties of a D–A Copolymer Based on the 2,3‐Di(5‐hexylthio­phen‐2‐yl)quinoxaline Acceptor Unit
Authors: Wang Kun , Zhang Zhi‐Guo , Fu Qiang , Li Yongfang 
Published: February 2014

A new D–A copolymer (PBDT‐DTQx) based on the 2,3‐di(5‐hexylthiophen‐2‐yl)quinoxaline acceptor unit and a bithienyl‐substituted benzodithiophene (BDT) donor unit is designed and synthesized for application as the donor material in polymer solar cells (PSCs). The polymer film shows a broad absorption band covering the wavelength range from 300 to 720 nm and a low highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level at −5.35 eV. A device based on PBDT‐DTQx:PC70BM ([6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester) (1:2.5, w/w) with chloronaphthalene as a solvent additive displays a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.15%. With methanol treatment, the PCE of the PSCs is further improved to 3.90% with a significant increase of the short‐circuit current density, Jsc, from 10.10 mA cm−2 for the device without the methanol treatment to 11.71 mA cm−2 for the device with the methanol treatment.
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