bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is eutrophication really a major impairment for small waterbody biodiversity?
Authors: Rosset Véronique , Angélibert Sandrine , Arthaud Florent , Bornette Gudrun , Robin Joël , Wezel Alexander , Vallod Dominique , Oertli Beat 
Published: November 2013

Summary

Eutrophication remains a major stress for freshwater biodiversity. Its deleterious consequences on biodiversity are well documented for large waterbodies. However, the impact of eutrophication may differ in smaller waterbodies, such as ponds and small lakes, which generally support naturally high levels of nutrients in lowlands. Furthermore, this response could depend on the scale considered, from local (individual waterbody, alpha diversity) to regional (the network of waterbodies, gamma diversity). It is also unclear whether the richness of threatened species responds in the same way as the richness of the whole assemblage.

The present study investigates local‐ and regional‐scale consequences of eutrophication on taxonomic richness (all taxa) and conservation value (threatened taxa) in temperate lowland small waterbodies. Five taxonomic groups were investigated: macrophytes, gastropods, water beetles, adult dragonflies and amphibians, in a set of natural waterbodies and a set of enriched waterbodies covering a large nutrient gradient from mesotrophic to hypertrophic conditions.

Globally, our study did not reveal consistent, systematic responses to eutrophication. For macrophytes, the richness and conservation value suffered from eutrophication at both local and regional scales. In contrast, for amphibians and gastropods, eutrophication did not impair biodiversity at the local nor the regional scale. Dragonflies and water beetles showed intermediate situations, with an impairment by eutrophication varying according to the type of waterbodies considered. At the regional scale, each trophic status, even the nutrient richest, brought an original contribution to biodiversity.

Synthesis and applications. The management of eutrophication for small lowland waterbodies has to be considered differently than for lakes. For an individual waterbody (the local scale), nutrient enrichment is not necessarily a major impairment and its impact depends on the taxonomic group considered. Conversely, at the landscape scale, eutrophication is a major pressure on small waterbody biodiversity, especially because nutrient‐rich small waterbodies are dominant in the landscape. Therefore, conservation efforts should integrate the notion of pond regional networks or ‘pondscapes’, where the regional biodiversity is supported by a mosaic of trophic conditions, and promote the presence of less rich waterbodies.
Post‐dispersal seed depletion by rodents in marginal populations of yew (Taxus baccata): consequences at geographical and local scales
Authors: Sanz Rubén , Pulido Fernando 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPost‐dispersal seed predation is a crucial phenomenon for plant recruitment, and its incidence can be hypothesized to increase in ecologically and geographically marginal populations of threatened species, such as yew (Taxus baccata). Here we examine the among‐ and within‐population patterns of seed consumption by rodents and evaluate to what extent they are linked to marginality in Mediterranean low‐density yew stands. Among populations we tested: (i) whether the rates of seed predation found in our marginal sites were consistently higher than in populations from core regions; (ii) within populations we evaluated whether rodents preferred microhabitats with greater seed availability (beneath female yew trees) or with lower predation risk (shrubs) in two seeding seasons (fall–winter 2005 and 2006). Predation rates were extremely high (92.5%) and they were well above values reported for core populations (65.4%), to the extent that rodents almost completely depleted the experimental seeds in all populations and years. Our expectation of lower predation rates with decreasing vegetation cover was also confirmed for all years and populations, suggesting that rodent foraging was risk‐sensitive. This microhabitat effect outweighed the effect of seed availability under female yew trees, implying also that rodents selectively consumed the most valuable seeds in terms of their recruitment prospects. Overall, our results suggest that the mechanisms underlying seed depletion and its demographic consequences are linked to the effects of reduced yew performance in ecologically marginal habitats.
The paradox of marine heterotrophic nitrogen fixation: abundances of heterotrophic diazotrophs do not account for nitrogen fixation rates in the Eastern Tropical South Pacific
Authors: Turk‐Kubo Kendra A. , Karamchandani Muskan , Capone Douglas G. , Zehr Jonathan P. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryResults of recent modelling efforts imply denitrification‐influenced waters, such as those in the Eastern Tropical South Pacific (ETSP), may support high rates of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), yet little is known about the N2‐fixing microbial community in this region. Our characterization of the ETSP diazotrophic community along a gradient from upwelling‐influenced to oligotrophic waters did not detect cyanobacterial diazotrophs commonly found in other open ocean regions. Most of the nifH genes amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from DNA and RNA samples clustered with γ‐proteobacterial nifH sequences, although a novel Trichodesmium phylotype was also recovered. Three quantitative PCR assays were developed to target γ‐proteobacterial phylotypes, but all were found to be present at low abundances. An analysis of the expected BNF rates based on abundances and plausible cell‐specific N2 fixation rates indicates that these γ‐proteobacteria are unlikely to be responsible for previously reported BNF rates from corresponding samples. Therefore, the organisms responsible for the measured BNF rates remain poorly understood. Furthermore, there is little direct evidence, at this time, to support the hypothesis that heterotrophic N2 fixation contributes significantly to oceanic BNF rates based on our analysis of heterotrophic cell‐specific N2 fixation rates required to explain BNF rates reported in previously published studies.
The influence of enzymatic cross‐linking of proteins on the Maillard reaction in milk
Authors: Yüksel Zerrin 
Published: November 2013

The influence of transglutaminase (TGase) on the Maillard reaction was investigated in skimmed milk samples during heat treatment. TGase‐treated and control samples were heated at 80, 120 and 140 °C for 1, 5, 15, 30, 40 and 60 min. Compared with the TGase‐treated samples heated at 80 and 120 °C, the sample heated at 140 °C showed a larger decrease in furosine concentration. It was also found that TGase did not affect the formation of hydroxymethylfurfural and lactulose at 120 °C, whereas their concentrations increased in the presence of TGase at 140 °C. It was concluded that blockage of lysine residues via enzymatic cross‐linking of milk proteins had a limited effect on the Maillard reaction.
Kangaroo mother care in the neonatal intensive care unit: staff attitudes and beliefs and opportunities for parents
Authors: Strand H , Blomqvist YT , Gradin M , Nyqvist KH 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimTo compare attitudes towards Kangaroo mother care (KMC) among staff in two high‐tech neonatal intensive care units, which provided parents with different opportunities to get involved in their infants' care.MethodQuestionnaires were completed by healthcare staff in Unit A, which provided parents with unrestricted access so that they could provide continuous KMC, and Unit B, where parents could only practice KMC intermittently.ResultsUnit A staff were more positive about the benefits and use of KMC, including its use in unstable infants, and rated their knowledge and practical skills more highly than staff in the other unit. Unit B staff also appreciated the method, but expressed more hesitation in using it with unstable infants. In particular, they stressed the need to adapt the physical environment of the NICU to enable parents to stay with their infants and practice the method.ConclusionStaff working in the NICU that gave parents unrestricted access were more positive about KMC than staff in the NICU that offered limited opportunities for parents to stay with their children. This finding suggests that it is important to eliminate unjustifiable obstacles to the presence of parents in the NICU, so that they can provide KMC.
Bayesian Analysis of Time-Series Data under Case-Crossover Designs: Posterior Equivalence and Inference
Authors: Li Shi , Mukherjee Bhramar , Batterman Stuart , Ghosh Malay 
Published: November 2013

SummaryCase-crossover designs are widely used to study short-term exposure effects on the risk of acute adverse health events. While the frequentist literature on this topic is vast, there is no Bayesian work in this general area. The contribution of this paper is twofold. First, the paper establishes Bayesian equivalence results that require characterization of the set of priors under which the posterior distributions of the risk ratio parameters based on a case-crossover and time-series analysis are identical. Second, the paper studies inferential issues under case-crossover designs in a Bayesian framework. Traditionally, a conditional logistic regression is used for inference on risk-ratio parameters in case-crossover studies. We consider instead a more general full likelihood-based approach which makes less restrictive assumptions on the risk functions. Formulation of a full likelihood leads to growth in the number of parameters proportional to the sample size. We propose a semi-parametric Bayesian approach using a Dirichlet process prior to handle the random nuisance parameters that appear in a full likelihood formulation. We carry out a simulation study to compare the Bayesian methods based on full and conditional likelihood with the standard frequentist approaches for case-crossover and time-series analysis. The proposed methods are illustrated through the Detroit Asthma Morbidity, Air Quality and Traffic study, which examines the association between acute asthma risk and ambient air pollutant concentrations.
Approaches to fully documented fisheries: practical issues and stakeholder perceptions
Authors: Mangi Stephen C , Dolder Paul J , Catchpole Thomas L , Rodmell Dale , de Rozarieux Nathan 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) reform sets out a move to a land‐all catch policy in European Union waters with a requirement for full reporting of fishing and on‐board processing activity. We explore the merits, stakeholder perceptions and applicability of different technology and approaches to the full documentation of fisheries that might be considered in the context of implementing the CFP reform. While recent efforts have focused on demonstrating how remote electronic monitoring (REM) systems can be utilized in fully documented fisheries (FDF), other technologies and approaches such as reference fleet and self‐sampling exist that could contribute to delivering FDF. Perceptions of fishers show that they would prefer using a reference fleet or self‐sampling to REM systems as a future method of implementing FDF. In general, there is support from the fishing industry for data collection and enhancement, but there remains some mistrust concerning the use of the data. Findings show that the most appropriate means and methods of FDF will depend on the circumstances and objectives for full documentation whether in enforcing a discard ban, documentation of total catch or data enhancement. We conclude that any technology or approach that will be used to deliver the monitoring requirements for FDF needs to make practical and commercial sense at the fishing vessel level.
An analysis of geothermal and carbonic springs in the western United States sustained by deep fluid inputs
Authors: Colman D. R. , Garcia J. R. , Crossey L. J. , Karlstrom K. , Jackson‐Weaver O. , Takacs‐Vesbach C. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractHydrothermal springs harbor unique microbial communities that have provided insight into the early evolution of life, expanded known microbial diversity, and documented a deep Earth biosphere. Mesothermal (cool but above ambient temperature) continental springs, however, have largely been ignored although they may also harbor unique populations of micro‐organisms influenced by deep subsurface fluid mixing with near surface fluids. We investigated the microbial communities of 28 mesothermal springs in diverse geologic provinces of the western United States that demonstrate differential mixing of deeply and shallowly circulated water. Culture‐independent analysis of the communities yielded 1966 bacterial and 283 archaeal 16S rRNA gene sequences. The springs harbored diverse taxa and shared few operational taxonomic units (OTUs) across sites. The Proteobacteria phylum accounted for most of the dataset (81.2% of all 16S rRNA genes), with 31 other phyla/candidate divisions comprising the remainder. A small percentage (~6%) of bacterial 16S rRNA genes could not be classified at the phylum level, but were mostly distributed in those springs with greatest inputs of deeply sourced fluids. Archaeal diversity was limited to only four springs and was primarily composed of well‐characterized Thaumarchaeota. Geochemistry across the dataset was varied, but statistical analyses suggested that greater input of deeply sourced fluids was correlated with community structure. Those with lesser input contained genera typical of surficial waters, while some of the springs with greater input may contain putatively chemolithotrophic communities. The results reported here expand our understanding of microbial diversity of continental geothermal systems and suggest that these communities are influenced by the geochemical and hydrologic characteristics arising from deeply sourced (mantle‐derived) fluid mixing. The springs and communities we report here provide evidence for opportunities to understand new dimensions of continental geobiological processes where warm, highly reduced fluids are mixing with more oxidized surficial waters.
Factor VIII assay mimicking in vivo coagulation conditions
Authors: Kusch M. , Grundmann C. , Keitel S. , König H. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryUnder certain circumstances, the determination of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) is hampered by assay discrepancies between clotting and chromogenic approaches. These are observed in certain patients’ plasma as well as in certain concentrates. We intended to develop a novel assay for the quantification of coagulation FVIII which reflects the physiological situation better than the established assays. It is based on plasma without chelation of divalent cations and simultaneously minimizes the generation of activated factors which could function as uncontrolled triggers of coagulation. FVIII deficient plasma is prepared with the aid of biotinylated antibodies against FVIII from normal plasma in presence of inhibitors of contact activation. To start the assay only tiny amounts of activated FIX serve as trigger. The FVIII determination is performed in a kinetic experiment and is based on the cleavage of a fluorogenic substrate for activated FX. FVIII concentrations between 0.01 and 1 IU mL−1 are easily determined. Plasma‐derived and recombinant FVIII concentrates were compared. All plasma‐derived concentrates were found to contain FVIII activities within the specification of the manufacturer. Recombinant concentrates yielded only 35–50% of the claimed potency. The novel in vivo‐like assay avoids the undue advantage or disadvantage of certain product characteristics by eliminating unphysiological assay conditions. Its usefulness could turn out in future experiments with plasma from haemophilia A patients.
The use of a co‐design model in improving timely bleed reporting by adults with haemophilia living in the Auckland region of New Zealand
Authors: d'Young A. I. , Young L. , Ockelford P. A. , Brasser M. , Slavin K. , Manson L. , Preston S. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryMany adult patients diagnosed with phenotypically moderate and severe haemophilia living in the Auckland region of New Zealand do not report bleeding episodes within a timeframe that allows for optimal assessment and management. This can result in poor clinical outcomes for patients and poor oversight of the use of expensive clotting factor concentrates. Our goal was to improve both the number and speed at which bleeding episodes were reported to our centre, improving access to care and clinical oversight of the use of expensive factor concentrates and aiding the development of a care partnership with patients. We worked with 70 adult PWH living in the Auckland region of New Zealand with moderate and severe haemophilia A and B. Over a 5‐month period between March and July 2013 we used a co‐design model to develop and implement a range of strategies to improve the timing and frequency of bleed reporting. Mean bleed reporting time was reduced threefold, with a threefold increase in the number of bleeds reported per month. We reduced the number of bleeding episodes reported outside of a prespecified 48‐h time limit by 68%. We significantly improved bleed reporting and time to report, indicating improved access to our services, improved clinical oversight and improved accountability to our national funder. We have achieved a care partnership and a reduction in factor consumption for the study population without compromising the quality of care they receive.
Bone cysts in patients with afibrinogenaemia: a literature review and two new cases
Authors: van Meegeren M. E. R. , de Rooy J. W. J. , Schreuder H. W. B. , Brons P. P. T. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryAfibrinogenaemia is an autosomal recessive disease with an estimated prevalence of approximately one in a million. The most common symptoms of afibrinogenaemia are umbilical cord bleeding, bleeding into skin, mouth, muscles, gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts and the central nervous system. Other recognized complications include; haemarthroses, spontaneous splenic rupture, epistaxis, menorrhagia, recurrent abortion and venous and arterial thromboembolism. Bone cysts have also been described as a rare complication of afibrinogenaemia. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic literature review, summarize the reported cases and to report two new cases. Three electronic databases were searched for relevant publications: PubMed, Medline and EMBASE. The following search criteria were used: ‘(bone cysts OR intraosseous haematoma OR intraosseous haemorrhage) AND (afibrinogenaemia OR fibrinogen deficiency)’. The reference lists of the selected papers were searched for more relevant literature. In total, eight patients had bone cysts as complication of afibrinogenaemia and six of them suffered from pain in their extremities. Bone cysts were primarily located in the vicinity of the cortex or trabeculae in the diaphysis of the long bones, especially in the femora, tibiae and humeri. Some were regressive, probably due to reactive bone remodelling. A number of cysts were filled with serosanguinous fluid. It might be useful to check for bone cysts when patients with congenital afibrinogenaemia complain of ‘rheumatic’ pains in their extremities. Whole body magnetic resonance imaging is the diagnostic imaging technique of choice. Recurrent episodes of pain, but not radiological deterioration, appear to benefit from prophylactic therapy with fibrinogen concentrate.
Intravesical hyaluronidase causes chronic cystitis in a rat model: A potential model of bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis
Authors: Lv Yi Song , Yao You Sheng , Rong Lu , Lin Ming En , Deng Bi Hua , Xie Yun , Huang Hai , Lin Tian Xin , Xu Ke Wei , Huang Jian 
Published: November 2013

ObjectivesTo determine whether a potential rat model of bladder pain syndrome could be developed through long‐term intermittent intravesical hyaluronidase.MethodsA total of 64 female Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into a control group, a low‐dose hyaluronidase (1 mg/mL) group, a high‐dose hyaluronidase (4 mg/mL) group and a hyaluronic acid‐treated group. Hyaluronidase was given intravesically three times a week for 1 month. Hyaluronic acid (0.5 mL, 0.8 mg/mL) was introduced intravesically to hyaluronidase‐treated rats' bladders. Histological changes, cystometry, nociceptive behaviors, and messenger ribonucleic acid levels of inflammatory factors were evaluated and compared between groups.ResultsAll hyaluronidase‐treated rats showed chronic inflammation and fibrosis, increased and activated mast cells, thinned bladder epithelium with abnormal expressions of uroplakin III and zonula occluden‐1, and increased levels of interleukin‐6 and intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 messenger ribonucleic acid. However, the inflammatory score and levels of interleukin‐6 and intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 were more significant in the high‐dose hyaluronidase group than in the low‐dose hyaluronidase group (P < 0.01). Furthermore, hyaluronidase‐treated rats showed markedly decreased intercontraction intervals, bladder capacity and increased sensitivity to pain compared with controls (P < 0.01). Hyaluronic acid treatment significantly decreased the inflammatory level, number of mast cells, sensitivity to pain, levels of interleukin‐6 and intercellular adhesion molecule‐1, and increased intercontraction intervals and bladder capacity (P < 0.01).ConclusionsLong‐term intermittent intravesical hyaluronidase could develop a severe chronic cystitis with diffused fibrosis accompanied by altered histology and bladder function. This chronic cystitis rat model can resemble the clinical and histopathological features of human bladder pain syndrome, and might be a potential valuable model for investigation of this troublesome disease.
Le rôle des socles nationaux de protection sociale dans l'extension de la sécurité sociale à tous
Authors: Hagemejer Krzysztof , McKinnon Roddy 
Published: November 2013

RésuméEn juin 2011, la Conférence internationale du Travail (CIT) a adopté une résolution et des conclusions définissant la nouvelle stratégie de l'Organisation internationale du Travail en matière de sécurité sociale, qui vise à aider les Etats Membres à édifier et pérenniser des systèmes complets de sécurité sociale à partir d'une approche bidimensionnelle: 1) (dimension «horizontale») fixer comme objectif prioritaire la création d'un ensemble de garanties élémentaires de sécurité sociale définies au plan national afin de constituer un socle de protection pour toutes les personnes dans le besoin le plus rapidement possible; et 2) (dimension «verticale») élargir l'étendue et les niveaux de la couverture de sécurité sociale au plus grand nombre de personnes possible et le plus rapidement possible, tel que le préconisent la convention no 102 (1952) et d'autres normes de sécurité sociale. En juin 2012, la CIT a complété cette stratégie avec l'adoption d'une nouvelle norme internationale du travail, la recommandation (no 202) sur les socles de protection sociale, 2012. Cette recommandation est considérée comme une avancée majeure dans le domaine de la politique sociale mondiale, dans la mesure où l'instauration de socles nationaux de protection sociale peut combler les déficits de couverture de sécurité sociale existant actuellement et aider les pays à remédier à la pauvreté et à la vulnérabilité. Ce double numéro spécial de la Revue propose une analyse du processus qui a conduit à l'adoption de la recommandation et examine les questions budgétaires, juridiques, politiques et institutionnelles qui devront être réglées pour que les objectifs de la recommandation puissent être remplis.