bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THREE FORMS OF PHYSICAL MEASUREMENT AND THEIR COMPUTABILITY
Authors: BEGGS EDWIN , COSTA JOSÉ FÉLIX , TUCKER JOHN V 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe have begun a theory of measurement in which an experimenter and his or her experimental procedure are modeled by algorithms that interact with physical equipment through a simple abstract interface. The theory is based upon using models of physical equipment as oracles to Turing machines. This allows us to investigate the computability and computational complexity of measurement processes. We examine eight different experiments that make measurements and, by introducing the idea of an observable indicator, we identify three distinct forms of measurement process and three types of measurement algorithm. We give axiomatic specifications of three forms of interfaces that enable the three types of experiment to be used as oracles to Turing machines, and lemmas that help certify an experiment satisfies the axiomatic specifications. For experiments that satisfy our axiomatic specifications, we give lower bounds on the computational power of Turing machines in polynomial time using nonuniform complexity classes. These lower bounds break the barrier defined by the Church-Turing Thesis.
BELIEF REVISION, PROBABILISM, AND LOGIC CHOICE
Authors: MARES EDWIN 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis paper presents a probabilist paraconsistent theory of belief revision. This theory is based on a very general theory of probability, that fits with a wide range of classical and nonclassical logics. The theory incorporates a version of Jeffrey conditionalisation as its method of updating. A Dutch book argument is given, and the theory is applied to the problem of choosing a logical system.
Alloparenting for chimpanzee twins
Authors: Kishimoto Takeshi , Ando Juko , Tatara Seiki , Yamada Nobuhiro , Konishi Katsuya , Kimura Natsuko , Fukumori Akira , Tomonaga Masaki 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn April 2009, a female chimpanzee named Sango, living in a captive group at the Noichi Zoo, Japan, gave birth to dizygotic male-female twin chimpanzees (male: Daiya, female: Sakura). The extent to which adult group members cared for the twins was investigated using a focal animal sampling method targeting six adults (one male) when the twin chimpanzees were two years old. Data were collected for an average of 6.78 h (SD= 0.79) per focal participant. An unaffiliated female adult of Sango was engaged in parenting Sakura as much as Sango. Given that Sakura was in lesser proximity to Sango than Daiya, Sakura's departures from her mother and her ability to gesture requests might have enabled non-kin adults to provide her care.
Audiovisual Integration in Children Listening to Spectrally Degraded Speech
Authors: Maidment David W. , Kang Hi Jee , Stewart Hannah J. , Amitay Sygal 
Published: September 2014

Purpose
The study explored whether visual information improves speech identification in typically developing children with normal hearing when the auditory signal is spectrally degraded.

Method

Children (
n
= 69) and adults (
n
= 15) were presented with noise-vocoded sentences from the Children’s Co-ordinate Response Measure (Rosen, 2011) in auditory-only or audiovisual conditions. The number of bands was adaptively varied to modulate the degradation of the auditory signal, with the number of bands required for approximately 79% correct identification calculated as the threshold.

Results
The youngest children (4- to 5-year-olds) did not benefit from accompanying visual information, in comparison to 6- to 11-year-old children and adults. Audiovisual gain also increased with age in the child sample.

Conclusions
The current data suggest that children younger than 6 years of age do not fully utilize visual speech cues to enhance speech perception when the auditory signal is degraded. This evidence not only has implications for understanding the development of speech perception skills in children with normal hearing but may also inform the development of new treatment and intervention strategies that aim to remediate speech perception difficulties in pediatric cochlear implant users.
Exploring older driver crash trend: New Jersey case study
Authors: Trieu Vanvi , Park Seri , McFadden John 
Published: September 2014

Older drivers age 65 and above are known to experience greater risk on the roadway as well as increasing the risk to other roadway users. Within the next 20 years, their population is expected to increase from 41 million in 2011 to 70 million in 2030. To address this foreseeable change, the nation's recent Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century (MAP‐21) act requires state and local governments to examine older drivers and pedestrian risks and implement countermeasures as appropriate. This research was conducted to assist agencies in strategising for future plans, programmes and initiatives to better address the problem presented. This was accomplished by performing a detailed engineering analysis on crash data of older drivers over a 10‐year period (2003–2012) from the state of New Jersey to identify crash trends and characteristics. A major finding from this research was the increase in fatal crashes of older drivers as a function of age. Top‐ranking collision types with other vehicles and non‐vehicles were identified. Crashes as a function of seasonal change, climate and lighting conditions were also examined.
Spectral estimation for long‐term evolution transceivers using low‐complex filter banks
Authors: Schlechter Thomas , Juritsch Christoph , Huemer Mario 
Published: September 2014

For mobile user equipments (UEs), a careful power management is essential. Despite this fact, quite an amount of energy is wasted in today's UEs’ analogue (AFEs) and digital frontends (DFEs). These are engineered for extracting the wanted signal from a spectral environment defined in the corresponding communication standards with their extremely tough requirements. These requirements define a worst‐case scenario still ensuring reliable communication. In a typical receiving process the actual requirements can be considered as less critical. Knowledge about the actual environmental spectral conditions allows to reconfigure both frontends to the actual needs and to save energy. In this paper, the authors present a highly efficient generic spectrum sensing approach, which allows to collect information about the actual spectral environment of an UE. This information can be used to reconfigure both the AFE and DFE, thus endowing them with increased intelligence. A low‐complex multiplier free filter bank extended by an efficient power calculation unit will be introduced. They also present simulation results, which illustrate the performance of the spectrum sensing approach and a complexity comparison with different well‐known implementations is given. Furthermore, estimates on the chip area and power consumption based on a 65 nm CMOS technology database are provided, considering the Smarti4G chip as a reference.
Investigation of wound rotor induction machine vibration signal under stator electrical fault conditions
Authors: Djurović Sinisa , Vilchis‐Rodriguez Damian S. , Smith Alexander Charles 
Published: September 2014

This paper investigates wound rotor induction machine torque and vibration signals spectra for operation with and without a stator short‐circuit or open‐circuit winding fault. Analytical expressions that enable the healthy and faulty machine pulsating electromagnetic torque frequencies to be related to shaft speed are derived and validated for operating conditions of interest. A coupled‐circuit machine model is used to investigate the healthy and faulty electromagnetic torque signal. Shaft torque and stator frame vibration are measured on a laboratory test rig comprising a 30 kW wound rotor induction machine. It is shown that the existence of a stator winding inherent electrical unbalance or that arising from fault gives rise to a range of pulsating torque frequencies that are transmitted to the machine frame and can be detected in the measured vibration signal. The magnitudes of the resulting vibration components are demonstrated to be largely determined by the unbalance severity and the mechanical system response. The presented experimental results clearly validate the analytical and simulation analysis for the operating range of the investigated industrial machine design.
Twitter tweets and twaddle: twittering at AHPA's National Health Promotion Conference
Authors: Anderson George , Gleeson Suzanne , Rissel Chris , Wen Li Ming , Bedford Karen 
Published: September 2014

Issue addressedThis paper explored the first‐time use of Twitter by the Australian Health Promotion Association (AHPA) at its 2013 National Health Promotion Conference.MethodsThe @AHPA_AU Twitter account and #AHPA2013 hashtag were established and included in the conference program. Attendees were encouraged throughout the conference to use it. A total of 748 tweets were captured under the hashtag #AHPA2013 in chronological order from 16–19 June 2013. Tweets with photos and more than one hashtag were recorded. A thematic analysis of tweets was conducted.ResultsThirteen broad themes were identified, with each of the 748 tweets allocated to one of the themes. Tweets about keynote sessions made up 38% of all tweets, followed by 14% for concurrent sessions. A photo was included in 11% of tweets, and 25% were sent to more than one hashtag. There were 96 tweeters; 75% of them posted five or less tweets and ~9%, including a professional blogger, posted greater than 20 tweets. At the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander pre‐conference workshop there was a relatively high level of Twitter engagement.ConclusionTwitter could potentially be useful for promoting conference content and activities, but what it adds in value to a health promotion conference cannot be determined by this study.So what?This paper highlights the engagement of tweeters with conference content and activities and suggests that tweeting benefited from the engagement of a professional health blogger.
Review of policies and guidelines concerning adults’ alcohol consumption and promotion in Australian government schools
Authors: Ward Bernadette M. , Buykx Penelope , Munro Geoff , Hausdorf Katrin , Wiggers John 
Published: September 2014

Issue addressedSchools are recognised as important settings for promoting student and community wellbeing through education, policies and the modelling of behaviour. Recently, there has been controversy regarding the promotion and use of alcohol by adults at school events. The aim of this study was to examine the policy approach of all Australian jurisdictions to the possession and use of alcohol, by adults, at government school events when students are present.MethodsA desktop review of Australian governments' alcohol in schools policy/guidelines documents was undertaken.ResultsEighteen documents across eight jurisdictions were retrieved. There were inconsistencies between jurisdictions and lack of policy clarity regarding the promotion and/or use of alcohol by adults at events organised by schools for recreation, celebration and fundraising purposes.Discussion and conclusionsClarity is needed about the role of alcohol in Australian schools, particularly in relation to its use of alcohol when there is a duty of care to children. The possession and/or use of alcohol by adults at school events may contribute to the pervasive role of drinking in Australian social life.So what?Clear and evidence‐based guidelines are needed to inform school policies across all jurisdictions as to whether, when and under which circumstances it is appropriate for schools to promote and/or supply alcohol. This would also strengthen the ability of school principals and communities to make appropriate evidence‐based decisions that focus on the interests of children.
Exploring matrix effects on photochemistry of organic aerosols
Authors: Lignell Hanna , Hinks Mallory L. , Nizkorodov Sergey A. 
Published: September 2014

Significance
Recent discovery of highly viscous materials in organic aerosols prompted atmospheric scientists to reevaluate their views of organic particle growth and chemical aging. This work reveals dramatic differences in the effect of temperature on photolysis efficiency of organic compounds trapped in viscous organic matrix, in a liquid organic solvent, and in an aqueous solution. Given the paramount role of photochemistry in driving the chemical reactions in the environment, these results will have significant implications for predicting lifetimes of photolabile atmospheric organic compounds, including environmental toxins, trapped in organic particles. This work also demonstrates that changing from water to an organic solvent can drastically enhance photochemical activity of environmental toxins, thus underscoring the importance of particle-phase photochemistry.
Neural mechanism of optimal limb coordination in crustacean swimming
Authors: Zhang Calvin , Guy Robert D. , Mulloney Brian , Zhang Qinghai , Lewis Timothy J. 
Published: September 2014

Significance
Despite the general belief that neural circuits have evolved to optimize behavior, few studies have clearly identified the neural mechanisms underlying optimal behavior. The distinct limb coordination in crustacean swimming and the relative simplicity of the neural coordinating circuit have allowed us to show that the interlimb coordination in crustacean swimming is biomechanically optimal and how the structure of underlying neural circuit robustly gives rise to this coordination. Thus, we provide a concrete example of how an optimal behavior arises from the anatomical structure of a neural circuit. Furthermore, our results suggest that the connectivity of the neural circuit underlying limb coordination during crustacean swimming may be a consequence of natural selection in favor of more effective and efficient swimming.
Homeostatic IL-23 receptor signaling limits Th17 response through IL-22–mediated containment of commensal microbiota
Authors: Shih Vincent Feng-Sheng , Cox Jennifer , Kljavin Noelyn M. , Dengler Hart S. , Reichelt Mike , Kumar Pawan , Rangell Linda , Kolls Jay K. , Diehl Lauri , Ouyang Wenjun , Ghilardi Nico 
Published: September 2014

Significance
Commensal microbiota are known to be required for the elicitation of host Th17 responses, which may mediate autoimmune diseases. Here, we demonstrate that the IL-23 pathway dynamically regulates the abundance of certain commensals and maintains barrier function. Barrier disruption results in systemic dissemination of microbial products, which invokes the IL-23 pathway, with both beneficial and potentially deleterious consequences. Through induction of IL-22, IL-23 contributes to barrier repair, and through induction of the Th17 response, it aims to neutralize escaped commensal microbes. Thus, barrier disruption results in a pro-Th17 environment in which not only antimicrobial but also potentially antihost Th17 cells can develop.
Global genomic and transcriptomic analysis of human pancreatic islets reveals novel genes influencing glucose metabolism
Authors: Fadista João , Vikman Petter , Laakso Emilia Ottosson , Mollet Inês Guerra , Esguerra Jonathan Lou , Taneera Jalal , Storm Petter , Osmark Peter , Ladenvall Claes , Prasad Rashmi B. , Hansson Karin B. , Finotello Francesca , Uvebrant Kristina , Ofori Jones K. , Di Camillo Barbara , Krus Ulrika , Cilio Corrado M. , Hansson Ola , Eliasson Lena , Rosengren Anders H. , Renström Erik , Wollheim Claes B. , Groop Leif 
Published: September 2014

Significance
We provide a comprehensive catalog of novel genetic variants influencing gene expression and metabolic phenotypes in human pancreatic islets. The data also show that the path from genetic variation (SNP) to gene expression is more complex than hitherto often assumed, and that we need to consider that genetic variation can also influence function of a gene by influencing exon usage or splice isoforms (sQTL), allelic imbalance, RNA editing, and expression of noncoding RNAs, which in turn can influence expression of target genes.
Pleckstrin homology domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatases set the amplitude of receptor tyrosine kinase output
Authors: Reyes Gloria , Niederst Matt , Cohen-Katsenelson Ksenya , Stender Joshua D. , Kunkel Maya T. , Chen Muhan , Brognard John , Sierecki Emma , Gao Tianyan , Nowak Dawid G. , Trotman Lloyd C. , Glass Christopher K. , Newton Alexandra C. 
Published: September 2014

Significance
This work unveils a previously unidentified function of the tumor suppressor pleckstrin homology domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase (PHLPP) in inhibiting oncogenic signaling by suppressing the steady-state levels of receptor tyrosine kinases such as the EGF receptor. Specifically, PHLPP modifies the histone code to control the transcription of receptor tyrosine kinases. This epigenetic function can account for the upregulation of receptor tyrosine kinases in the multiple cancer types where PHLPP function is compromised.
Visual stimuli recruit intrinsically generated cortical ensembles
Authors: Miller Jae-eun Kang , Ayzenshtat Inbal , Carrillo-Reid Luis , Yuste Rafael 
Published: September 2014

Significance
This study demonstrates that neuronal groups or ensembles, rather than individual neurons, are emergent functional units of cortical activity. We show that in the presence and absence of visual stimulation, cortical activity is dominated by coactive groups of neurons forming ensembles. These ensembles are flexible and cannot be accounted for by the independent firing properties of neurons in isolation. Intrinsically generated ensembles and stimulus-evoked ensembles are similar, with one main difference: Whereas intrinsic ensembles recur at random time intervals, visually evoked ensembles are time-locked to stimuli. We propose that visual stimuli recruit endogenously generated ensembles to represent visual attributes.
Motor coupling through lipid membranes enhances transport velocities for ensembles of myosin Va
Authors: Nelson Shane R. , Trybus Kathleen M. , Warshaw David M. 
Published: September 2014

SignificanceIntracellular cargo transport is carried out by ensembles of cytoskeleton-based molecular motors, such as myosin Va. Physiologically, motor molecules are bound to (and mechanically coupled through) the vesicular membrane, which is a fluid lipid bilayer. Utilizing a combination of experiment and computer simulation, we characterize the influence of three distinct aspects of the vesicular ensemble (vesicle size, membrane composition, and motor density) on cargo transport. We also demonstrate the presence of vesicle populations that travel at velocities up to twice the unloaded velocity of a single motor. These findings serve to bridge the gap between enhanced vesicular velocities measured in vivo and depressed velocities measured in vitro.
Maturation of cortical circuits requires Semaphorin 7A
Authors: Carcea Ioana , Patil Shekhar B. , Robison Alfred J. , Mesias Roxana , Huntsman Molly M. , Froemke Robert C. , Buxbaum Joseph D. , Huntley George W. , Benson Deanna L. 
Published: September 2014

Significance
Sensory experience exerts profound control over the structure and function of developing cortical circuits during an early postnatal critical period. Abnormalities in this process contribute to perceptual and cognitive deficits, but molecular mechanisms generating excitatory and inhibitory cortical networks during this period remain poorly understood. We show here that Semaphorin 7A (Sema7A) is highly expressed in mouse somatosensory cortex when tactile information conveyed by the thalamus shapes development of somatosensory cortical networks. In mice lacking Sema7A, the anatomical layout of the somatosensory cortex is disrupted, dendritic arbors are misoriented, inhibitory connections develop abnormally, and thalamocortical activity fails to elicit a normal balance of excitation and inhibition. Taken together, our data indicate that maturation of thalamocortical and local circuits in cortex requires Sema7A.
Biophysical implications of lipid bilayer rheometry for mechanosensitive channels
Authors: Bavi Navid , Nakayama Yoshitaka , Bavi Omid , Cox Charles D. , Qin Qing-Hua , Martinac Boris 
Published: September 2014

Significance
Given the extensive use of lipid bilayer reconstitution for the study of mechanosensitive channels, it is imperative to understand the biophysical properties of lipid bilayers. We have theoretically and experimentally proven that the traditional micropipette aspiration method fails to accurately describe these properties. Herein we introduce a superior framework, which combines computational modeling with patch fluorometry for the assessment of bilayer properties. Our results show the limitations of Laplace’s law for estimation of tension within a patch membrane. We also demonstrate, in contrast to the cell-attached configuration, there is a significant difference between the stress developed in the outer and in the inner monolayers of the bilayer in the excised patch configuration. These results are of critical importance for patch-clamp electrophysiology in general.
Evolution of ibrutinib resistance in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
Authors: Komarova Natalia L. , Burger Jan A. , Wodarz Dominik 
Published: September 2014

Significance
Chronic ymphocytic leukemia is the most common leukemia, mostly arising in patients over the age of 50. The disease has been treated with chemo-immunotherapies with varying outcomes, depending on the genetic make-up of the tumor cells. Recently, a promising new tyrosine kinase inhibitor, ibrutinib, has been developed, which resulted in successful responses in clinical trials, even for the most aggressive chronic lymphocytic leukemia types. The crucial current questions include how long disease control can be maintained in individual patients, when drug resistance is expected to arise, and what can be done to counter it. Computational evolutionary models, based on measured kinetic parameters of patients, allow us to address these questions and to pave the way toward a personalized prognosis.
Mantle updrafts and mechanisms of oceanic volcanism
Authors: Anderson Don L. , Natland James H. 
Published: September 2014

Significance
Lord Kelvin’s name is associated with the laws of thermodynamics and the cooling Earth hypothesis. The widely accepted mantle plume conjecture has been justified by experiments and calculations that violate the laws of thermodynamics for an isolated cooling planet. Hotspots such as Hawaii, Samoa, Iceland, and Yellowstone are due to a thermal bump in the shallow mantle, a consequence of the cooling of the Earth. They are not due to ∼100- to 200-km-wide tubes extending upward from fixed points near the Earth’s core. Seismic imaging shows that features associated with hotspots are thousands of kilometers across, and inferred ascent rates are low. Plate tectonic-induced updrafts and a cooling planet explain hotspots and the volcanoes at oceanic ridges.
On the absence of sternal elements inAnchiornis(Paraves) andSapeornis(Aves) and the complex early evolution of the avian sternum
Authors: Zheng Xiaoting , O’Connor Jingmai , Wang Xiaoli , Wang Min , Zhang Xiaomei , Zhou Zhonghe 
Published: September 2014

SignificanceWe have observed more than 200 specimens ofAnchiornis, the earliest known feathered dinosaur, and nearly 100 specimens ofSapeornis, one of the basalmost birds, and recognize no sternal ossifications. We propose that the sternum may have been completely lost in these two taxa (andArchaeopteryxas well) based on histological analysis and the excellent preservation of soft-tissue structures, thus suggesting the absence of a sternum could represent the plesiomorphic avian condition. Our discovery reveals an unexpected level of complexity and high degree of inherent developmental plasticity in the early evolution of the avian sternum.