bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymptomatic hematuria associated with urinary polyomavirus infection in immunocompetent patients
Authors: Lee Sung Hak , Hong Sung Hoo , Lee Ji Youl , Hwang Tae Kon , Kim Kyoung Suk , Lee Hyoungnam , Choi Yeong Jin 
Published: October 2013

AbstractUnlike the case for immunodeficient patients, little is known about polyomavirus (PV) infection in immunocompetent patients. PV infection in immunocompetent individuals has been reported sporadically, but little is known about asymptomatic hematuria. To determine the clinical significance and prevalence of urinary PV infection in immunocompetent patients, a total of 95 individuals admitted to Seoul St. Mary's hospital were investigated. Sixty‐four patients were enrolled for evaluation of asymptomatic hematuria, and 31 healthy individuals served as controls. Clinical screening for PV infection was performed by urine cytology analysis by liquid‐based preparation and urine RT‐PCR for BK virus (BKV) and JC virus (JCV), respectively. The average age of the patients in the PV+‐ and PV−‐groups with asymptomatic hematuria were 60 years and 46 years, respectively. Urine cytology analysis revealed decoy cells in 37/64 hematuria patients (38.9%), but not in healthy controls. They were more prevalent in male patients. Eighty‐two patients (86.3%) had PV viruria, viz., 54/64 patients in the hematuria group and 28/31 in the control group. Interestingly, 28/31 (90.3%) cases in the healthy control group were positive for PV viruria, which exceeded the number in the hematuria group (84.4%). PV viruria was associated primarily with JCV, rather than BKV. PV viruria, including JCV viruria, correlated with urine decoy cells and increased age. In conclusion, urinary PV infection is common in immunocompetent patients with asymptomatic hematuria and is age‐related. These data may provide an insight into the pathogenesis and future treatment of asymptomatic hematuria associated with urinary PV infection in immunocompetent patients. J. Med. Virol. 86:347–353, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Large scale study of HPV genotypes in cervical cancer and different cytological cervical specimens in Thailand
Authors: Chansaenroj Jira , Junyangdikul Pairoj , Chinchai Teeraporn , Swangvaree Sukumarn , Karalak Anant , Gemma Nobuhiro , Poovorawan Yong 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIdentification of high‐risk HPV genotypes in patients is essential for vaccination and prevention programs while the geographic distribution of cervical cancer varies widely. HPV 16 is the major cause of cervical cancer followed by HPV 18, HPV 31, HPV 52, or HPV 58 depending on geographic area. In this study, the distribution of HPV genotypes in cervical specimens from women living in Thailand was analyzed by HPV testing with electrochemical DNA chip and PCR direct sequencing. The 716 specimens were grouped according to their cytological grades; 100 normal, 100 low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, 100 high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, and 416 specimens of cervical cancer. The results showed that HPV 16, HPV 18, HPV 52, and HPV 58 are the most common HPV genotypes in Thailand, respectively. With respect to age, women below the age of 26 years were almost negative for high‐risk HPV DNA exclusively. Conversely, high prevalence of high‐risk HPV DNA and abnormal cytology were usually found in women between 26 and 45 years while cervical cancer was detected mainly in women above the age of 45 years. To increase protection efficiency, a vaccine including HPV 52 and HPV 58 should be offered to Asian women, and primary HPV screening should start at 26–30 years of age. J. Med. Virol. 86:601–607, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Significant impact of non‐B HIV‐1 variants genetic diversity in Gabon on plasma HIV‐1 RNA quantitation
Authors: Mouinga‐Ondémé Augustin , Mabika‐Mabika Arsène , Alalade Patrick , Mongo Arnaud Delis , Sica Jeanne , Liégeois Florian , Rouet François 
Published: October 2013

AbstractEvaluations of HIV‐1 RNA viral load assays are lacking in Central Africa. The main objective of our study was to assess the reliability of HIV‐1 RNA results obtained with three different assays for samples collected in Gabon. A total of 137 plasma specimens were assessed for HIV‐1 RNA using the Abbott RealTime HIV‐1® and Nuclisens HIV‐1 EasyQ® version 2.0 assays. It included HIV‐1 non‐B samples (n = 113) representing six subtypes, 10 CRFs and 18 URFs from patients infected with HIV‐1 and treated with antiretrovirals that were found HIV‐1 RNA positive (≥300 copies/ml) with the Generic HIV viral load® assay; and samples (n = 24) from untreated individuals infected with HIV‐1 but showing undetectable (<300 copies/ml) results with the Biocentric kit. For samples found positive with the Generic HIV viral load® test, correlation coefficients obtained between the three techniques were relatively low (R = 0.65 between Generic HIV viral load® and Abbott RealTime HIV‐1®, 0.50 between Generic HIV viral load® and Nuclisens HIV‐1 EasyQ®, and 0.66 between Abbott RealTime HIV‐1® and Nuclisens HIV‐1 EasyQ®). Discrepancies by at least one log10 were obtained for 19.6%, 33.7%, and 20% of samples, respectively, irrespective of genotype. Most of samples (22/24) from untreated study patients, found negative with the Biocentric kit, were also found negative with the two other techniques. In Central Africa, HIV‐1 genetic diversity remains challenging for viral load testing. Further studies are required in the same area to confirm the presence of HIV‐1 strains that are not amplified with at least two different viral load assays. J. Med. Virol. 86:52–57, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A comparison of slow, uphill and fast, level walking on lower extremity biomechanics and tibiofemoral joint loading in obese and nonobese adults
Authors: Haight Derek J. , Lerner Zachary F. , Board Wayne J. , Browning Raymond C. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTWe determined if slow, uphill walking (0.75 m/s, 6°) reduced tibiofemoral (TF) loading compared to faster, level walking (1.50 m/s) in obese and nonobese adults. We collected kinematic, kinetic, and electromyographic data as 9 moderately obese and 10 nonobese participants walked on a dual‐belt instrumented treadmill. We used OpenSim to scale a musculoskeletal model and calculate joint kinematics, kinetics, muscle forces, and TF forces. Compressive TF forces were greater in the obese adults during both speed/grade combinations. During level walking, obese participants walked with a straighter leg than nonobese participants, resulting in early stance vasti muscle forces that were similar in the obese and nonobese participants. Early stance peak compressive TF forces were reduced by 23% in obese (2,352 to 1,811 N) and 35% in nonobese (1,994 to 1,303 N) individuals during slow, uphill walking compared to brisk level walking. Late stance peak TF forces were similar across speeds/grades, but were greater in obese (∼2,900 N) compared to nonobese (∼1,700 N) individuals. Smaller early stance TF loads and loading rates suggest that slow, uphill walking may be appropriate exercise for obese individuals at risk for musculoskeletal pathology or pain. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:324–330, 2014.
Nonlinear absorption and refraction in crystalline silicon in the mid‐infrared
Authors: Gai Xin , Yu Yi , Kuyken Bart , Ma Pan , Madden Steve J. , Van Campenhout Joris , Verheyen Peter , Roelkens Gunther , Baets Roel , Luther‐Davies Barry 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe wavelength dependence of the nonlinear absorption and the third order nonlinear refraction of crystalline silicon between m and m as well as at m have been measured. It was found that at all wavelengths multi‐photon and free carrier absorption can be significant. In particular nonlinear absorption can affect silicon devices designed for the mid‐infrared that require strong nonlinear response, such as for the generation of a supercontinuum.
Chiral nanoemitter array: A launchpad for optical vortices
Authors: Coles Matt M. , Williams Mathew D. , Saadi Kamel , Bradshaw David S. , Andrews David L. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA chiral arrangement of molecular nanoemitters is shown to support delocalised exciton states whose spontaneous decay can generate optical vortex radiation. In contrast to techniques in which phase modification is imposed upon conventional optical beams, this exciton method enables radiation with a helical wave‐front to be produced directly. To achieve this end, a number of important polarisation and symmetry‐based criteria need to be satisfied. It emerges that the phase structure of the optical field produced by degenerate excitons in a propeller‐shaped array can exhibit precisely the sought character of an optical vortex – one with unit topological charge. Practical considerations for the further development of this technique are discussed, and potential new applications are identified.
Strategies for improved 3D small‐tip fast recovery imaging
Authors: Sun Hao , Fessler Jeffrey A. , Noll Douglas C. , Nielsen Jon‐Fredrik 
Published: October 2013

PurposeSmall‐tip fast recovery (STFR) imaging is a recently proposed steady‐state sequence that has similar image contrast as balanced steady‐state free precession but has the potential to simultaneously remove banding artifacts and transient fluctuation. STFR relies on a “tip‐up” radiofrequency (RF) pulse tailored to the accumulated phase during the free precession (data acquisition) interval, designed to bring spins back to the longitudinal axis, thereby preserving transverse magnetization as longitudinal magnetization for the next pulse repetition time. We recently proposed an RF‐spoiled STFR sequence suitable for thin slab imaging, however, in many applications, e.g., functional magnetic resonance imaging or isotropic‐resolution structural imaging, three‐dimensional (3D) steady‐state imaging is desirable. Unfortunately, 3D STFR imaging is challenging due to the need for 3D tailored RF pulses. Here, we propose new strategies for improved 3D STFR imaging, based on (i) unspoiled imaging, and (ii) joint design of nonslice‐selective tip‐down/tip‐up RF pulses.Theory and MethodsWe derive an analytic signal model for the proposed unspoiled STFR sequence, and propose two strategies for designing the 3D tailored tip‐down/tip‐up RF pulses. We validate the analytic results using phantom and in vivo imaging experiments.ResultsOur analytic model and imaging experiments demonstrate that the proposed unspoiled STFR sequence is less sensitive to tip‐up excitation error compared to the corresponding spoiled sequence, and may, therefore, be an attractive candidate for 3D imaging. The proposed “joint” RF pulse design method, in which we formulate the tip‐down/tip‐up RF pulse design task as a magnitude least squares problem, produces modest improvement over a simpler “Separate” design approach. Using the proposed unspoiled sequence and joint RF pulse design, we demonstrate proof‐of‐principle 3D STFR brain images with balanced steady‐state free precession‐like signal properties but with reduced banding.ConclusionUsing the proposed unspoiled sequence and joint RF pulse design, STFR brain images in a 3D region of interest with balanced steady‐state free precession‐like signal properties but with reduced banding can be obtained. Magn Reson Med 72:389–398, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Urologists' referral attitude for sacral neuromodulation for treating refractory idiopathic overactive bladder syndrome: Discrete choice experiment
Authors: Kessler Thomas M. , Maric Angelina , Mordasini Livio , Wöllner Jens , Pannek Jürgen , Mehnert Ulrich , van Kerrebroeck Philip E. , Bachmann Lucas M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimsTo investigate urologists' referral attitude for sacral neuromodulation (SNM) for treating refractory idiopathic overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) and to quantify the weight they attribute to clinical parameters to refrain from SNM referral.MethodsWe set up a vignette study using a discrete‐choice design. The questionnaires were distributed at two national urological meetings.ResultsOne hundred eight urologists completed the questionnaire. Three parameters were significantly associated with the decision to refrain from referral: absolute contraindications for SNM (anatomical low bladder compliance, current urinary tract infection, progressive neurological disease, urinary tumors) had the strongest association (0.78, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.97; P < 0.001), followed by cardiac pacemaker (0.24, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.39; P = 0.003), and diabetes mellitus (0.19, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.32; P = 0.006). On the other hand, urologists considered fecal incontinence as an important parameter for referral (−0.16, 95% CI −0.29 to −0.04; P = 0.011). Current medication with antimuscarinics and polyuria played no role in the decision. Results in a subgroup of 24 neuro‐urologists/functional urologists were similar but non‐critical parameters were not associated with the decision to refrain from SNM referral.ConclusionsBesides absolute contraindications, other non‐critical parameters such as cardiac pacemaker or diabetes mellitus influence urologists' decision to refrain from referral for SNM. We believe that the use of decision tools will help urologists identifying patients benefiting from SNM and therefore we call for broad dissemination of such tools into clinical practice. Neurourol. Urodynam. 33:1240–1246, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enriched isogeometric analysis of elliptic boundary value problems in domains with cracks and/or corners
Authors: Oh Hae‐Soo , Kim Hyunju , Jeong Jae Woo 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYThe mapping method was introduced in Jeong et al. (2013) for highly accurate isogeometric analysis (IGA) of elliptic boundary value problems containing singularities. The mapping method is concerned with constructions of novel geometrical mappings by which push‐forwards of B‐splines from the parameter space into the physical space generate singular functions that resemble the singularities. In other words, the pullback of the singularity into the parameter space by the novel geometrical mapping (a non‐uniform rational basis spline (NURBS) surface mapping) becomes highly smooth. One of the merits of IGA is that it uses NURBS functions employed in designs for the finite element analysis. However, push‐forwards of rational NURBS may not be able to generate singular functions. Moreover, the mapping method is effective for neither the k‐refinement nor the h‐refinement. In this paper, highly accurate stress analysis of elastic domains with cracks and ∕ or corners are achieved by enriched IGA, in which push‐forwards of NURBS via the design mapping are combined with push‐forwards of B‐splines via the novel geometrical mapping (the mapping technique). In a similar spirit of X‐FEM (or GFEM), we propose three enrichment approaches: enriched IGA for corners, enriched IGA for cracks, and partition of unity IGA for cracks. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Existence and stability analysis of optimal control
Authors: Yu Jian , Liu Zi‐Xin , Peng Ding‐Tao , Xu Dao‐Yun , Zhou Yong‐Hui 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYBy constructing a complete metric space and a compact set of admissible control functions, this paper investigates the existence and stability of solutions of optimal control problems with respect to the right‐hand side functions. On the basis of set‐valued mapping theory, by introducing the notion of essential solutions for optimal control problems, some sufficient and necessary criteria guaranteeing the existence and stability of solutions are established. New derived criteria show that the optimal control problems whose solutions are all essential form a dense residual set, and so every optimal control problem can be closely approximated arbitrarily by an essential optimal control problem. The example shows that not all optimal control problems are stable. However, our main result shows that, in the sense of Baire category, most of the optimal control problems are stable. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asymptomatic prostatic abscess: a cause of staphylococcal bacteraemia in uncontrolled diabetes
Authors: Hunt L , Vinayagam R , Gopalan P , Bains A , Scott AR 
Published: October 2013

AbstractProstatic abscess is a rare and difficult condition to diagnose. Here we report two cases of type 2 diabetic patients with similar presenting features. Both had uncontrolled diabetes mellitus on admission and grew Staphylococcus aureus from blood cultures and aspirates. Diagnosis was made following computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Treatment was with intravenous antibiotics and no surgical intervention was required. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons.
CSII experience among higher specialist trainees: a Young Diabetologists and Endocrinologists Forum survey
Authors: Grant Paul , Cheer Kelly , Herring Roselle , Chakera Ali Jason , Brooks Augustin , Little Stuart , Wilmot Emma 
Published: October 2013

AbstractExperience of the management of patients with type 1 diabetes treated with insulin pumps tends to vary significantly among clinicians in training.The Young Diabetologists and Endocrinologists Forum (YDEF), a body representing diabetes registrars, undertook a web‐based survey of doctors to assess their familiarity, confidence and experience in dealing with the various aspects of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) given its relative technical complexity and lack of formal training.A total of 101 trainees (24%) responded to this survey. One‐third of trainees (38%) had no formal CSII training. Of the 62% of trainees who had had some form of training, including attendance on an insulin pump course, only 45% were able to set up and prime an insulin pump; 55% and 67% of trainees were able to set up basal and bolus insulin doses respectively, and 77% understood the insulin pump sick day rules. Individual trainee experience with pump starts varied between zero and 14 patients with an average of two per trainee, which is arguably inadequate.We conclude that the provision of CSII training varies considerably in the UK; training opportunities and exposure to pump therapy in practice vary greatly, which reflects a lack of formal detail or consideration of this in the UK curriculum. We propose a basic set of pump training competencies which diabetes registrars should be expected to work towards and fulfil prior to the completion of training. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons.
Cholinesterase Inhibitors and Pisa Syndrome: A Pharmacovigilance Study
Authors: Zannas Anthony S. , Okuno Yasushi , Doraiswamy P. Murali 
Published: October 2013

Study ObjectivesCase reports suggest a relationship between cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) and Pisa syndrome (PS), also known as pleurothotonus, a form of dystonia, but this relationship has not been systematically examined. Our objective was to estimate the adjusted reporting ratios of PS with donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine in the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.DesignRetrospective analysis of adverse event reports in the FAERS database.PatientsPatients with drug‐related adverse events in the FAERS database.Measurements and Main ResultsThe Gamma Poisson Shrinker algorithm was used to estimate the empirical Bayes geometric mean (EBGM) along with the lower and upper 90% confidence interval (CI) limits (EB05 and EB95, respectively), as measures of the adjusted reporting ratio of PS in patients taking ChEIs. EB05 > 2.0 was used as the cutoff for significance for the signals. The EBGM (EB05) was 37.9 (30) for all ChEIs, 25.6 (17.6) for donepezil, 76.4 (50.3) for galantamine, and 33.7 (21.2) for rivastigmine. All adverse event signals were strongly significant based on the a priori set EB05 cutoff. The female:male ratio in the reported cases was 2:1. No significant signals were found between ChEIs and other dystonias. About half of the ChEI users were also taking concomitant antipsychotics.ConclusionAlthough FAERS data cannot establish causality due to reporting biases, our findings support a potential dopaminergic‐cholinergic imbalance as an underlying mechanism for PS and may help increase clinician awareness, early identification, and treatment of ChEI‐related dystonias.
Conformational development of polylactide films induced by uniaxial drawing
Authors: Oh Mi Ok , Kim Seong Hun 
Published: October 2013

AbstractUniaxially drawn polylactide (PLA) films were prepared using various draw ratios (2, 3, 4 and 4.5) at a constant draw rate and temperature. It was confirmed that the conformational structure of the PLA films prepared using the uniaxial drawing process was composed of the α′‐phase form. The conformational structure deformation of α′‐phase PLA films, according to the various draw ratios used, was investigated in terms of strain‐induced crystalline behavior and molecular orientation analysis. It is of utmost importance to confirm the α′‐phase structural deformation caused by the uniaxial drawing process because it directly relates to the characteristics of PLA films. The conformational structure deformations of the α′‐phase, created by uniaxial drawing, led to improved mechanical properties, as evident from mechanical testing and dynamic mechanical analyses results. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Pd–phosphinesulfonate bravely battles the “vinyl halide insertion copolymerization” barricade
Authors: Gaikwad Shahaji , Deshmukh Satej , Chikkali Samir H. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThis overview provides insights into the current state‐of‐the‐art solutions to insertion copolymerization of functional olefinic monomers. The challenges in insertion copolymerization of functional olefinic monomers, with a special emphasis on vinyl halides, are highlighted. The crucial design of the Pd–phosphinesulfonate [Pd(PO)] enables up to 3.6 mol % incorporation of vinyl fluoride (VF) in an ethylene–VF copolymerization reaction. In a significant development, insertion copolymerization of industrially relevant functional olefin, that is, vinyl chloride (VC), was unambiguously ascertained, and a detectable amount of VC (0.4 mol %) was incorporated (at the chain end). In a detailed investigation, the in situ existence of (PO)PdH species during the polymerization was revealed, and it was demonstrated that these are indeed responsible for VC incorporation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 1–6