bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aviation Fatigue
Authors: Weiland Monica , Nesthus Thomas , Compatore Carlos , Popkin Stephen , Mangie Jim , Thomas Lisa C , Flynn-Evans Erin 
Published: October 2013

Researchers and operations professionals convened on November 9, 2012, to discuss an agenda for research in aviation fatigue. While the working groups had different specific issues related to fatigue, there was common ground in the work surrounding fatigue and the technologies that are being developed. The discussion highlighted the following issues, which are recommended for further research: Strategies for changing the culture for fatigue self-report and self -monitoring. Policy shifts to account for consecutive nights worked and the effects of circadian rhythms. Tools for self-fatigue assessment, particularly based on objective measures. Tools for minimizing fatigue in scheduled operations and on-demand operations planning. Fatigue models that account for individual differences and account for the dynamic nature of fatigue in different operational contexts. Benchmarking and validation of proposed fatigue risk management systems in operational settings. This panel is intended to expand this discussion of the human factors-related issues in fatigue of specific concern to the aviation community, in particular recommendations 3, 4, 5, and 6, to a wider Human Factors and Ergonomics Society audience.
Exploring Communication in Remote Teams
Authors: Fischer Ute , Mosier Kathleen , Orasanu Judith , Fischer Ute , Morrow Daniel , Miller Chris , Mosier Kathleen , Veinott Beth , Orasanu Judith 
Published: October 2013

Teamwork in many operational settings, such as air traffic control or telemedicine, involves members who are at different locations and, as in space exploration missions, may communicate under time-delayed conditions. Collaboration and coordination in distributed teams differ from face-to-face interactions in a number of important respects (Brennan & Lockridge, 2006). Remote communication eliminates visual cues and thus requires more effort to establish common ground. Unlike co-present partners, distributed team members cannot rely on gestures and facial expressions to direct the other’s attention and provide feedback on their understanding. Voice communication between remote partners maintains the meaning nuances of face-to-face interactions that is lacking in text-based conversations. On the other hand, writing enables partners to re-read and thus to remember past communications, and to review and revise their messages prior to sharing them with others. These resources are not available in spoken discourse where participants have to rely on their memory or external aids (e.g., note pads) to keep track of the flow of the conversation and to compose their contributions. Transmission delays between partners’ contributions further complicate grounding (Olson, G., & Olson, J., 2000). The timing of turns is challenging, and individual contributions may be out of sequence, making it difficult for team members to follow the thread of a conversation and thus to develop shared situation models. Moreover, distributed teams frequently consist of individuals with different expertise and different goals, differences that may hamper mutual understanding and collaboration (Bearman, Paletz, Orasanu, & Thomas, 2010). This panel brings together researchers who have examined team communication in a variety of domains: healthcare (Morrow), aviation (Mosier), Navy (Miller), disaster response (Veinott), and space missions (Fischer, Miller). Panelists will be asked to characterize the constraints faced by conversational partners in these domains, to present analytic tools for studying remote communication and to discuss procedural or technological solutions to facilitate collaboration and coordination in distributed teams.
Sustainable and User-Centered
Authors: Sellers Brittany C. , Fiore Stephen M. 
Published: October 2013

With climate change threatening the very existence of our species, it is imperative the scientific community collaborate to help solve environmental problems. Human factors professionals are uniquely qualified for addressing issues of climate change, particularly because the potential consequences represent the most human-centric of all concerns. That is, when designing for sustainability, and thus for the preservation of our species, we are designing with the human in mind. However, without a user-centered design, many sustainable products and features may either fail to be adopted or may not be used in a way that maximizes performance, thus limiting their utility and potential benefits. One area of sustainable development that could greatly benefit from improvements in usability is the realm of “green” and LEED-certified building. However, in order to provide improvements in this area, there are a variety of issues and considerations that must be first addressed. In this paper, we provide an overview of each of these areas of concern within green building, describe what is currently being done to solve these issues, and provide human-factors-based solutions to increase usability, performance, and satisfaction within the realm of green building.
Current Issues in Warnings
Authors: Kalsher Michael J. , Laughery Kenneth R. , Lenorovitz David R. , Leonard S. David , Wogalter Michael S. , Karnes Edward W. , Mayhorn Christopher B. 
Published: October 2013

Warnings and warnings-related issues continue to be an important focal point of liti-gation in the U.S. Many personal injury cases, for example, revolve around questions associated with residual hazards in products, facilities, or user environments – and the steps the manufacturer of a product, or the parties responsible for the safe operation of a facility or environment have taken to mitigate people’s exposure to those hazards. If haz-ards are not eliminated through design and/or guarding, then warnings and other types of precautionary instructions are commonly used to alert, inform, and remind people about the hazard(s) and to tell them what they should do to avoid or at least minimize injury. A significant body of published HFE / Warnings literature over the past several dec-ades has addressed a myriad of issues associated with the proper design, fabrication, and application of warnings and warning systems. However, the continuing stream of warn-ings-related cases being litigated in courts across the country, serves as an important re-minder that warnings issues are not merely abstract and theoretically interesting topics of discussion, but are rather items of concern that can have a significant, real-world impact on the conduct of our daily lives. The four HFE forensic professionals in this panel discussion session provide different but related perspectives on warnings-related applications and case study examples drawn from their respective professional practices. These discussion topics help to provide greater insights into the ways in which warnings-related research and theoretical con-structs are translated into warnings experts’ opinions in actual court cases. The following are brief summary descriptions of each discussant’s presentation.
An Innovative Idea for Reducing the Musculoskeletal Disorders in Drywall Installation
Authors: Sengupta Priyadarshini Dasgupta , Punnett Laura , Moir Susan , Kuhn Sarah , Buchholz Bryan 
Published: October 2013

Objective: The study was conducted to assess an intervention suggested by the workers to reduce the ergonomic exposures of the drywall installation task. Methods: At several focus group meetings the drywall installers were asked to brainstorm on innovative ideas that could reduce their ergonomic/musculoskeletal exposures during the drywall installation work. The workers discussed the idea of using a ‘deadman’ (long narrow piece of sheetrock) to help hold the panels on the ceiling while installing them. The researcher collected quantitative exposure data (PATH, 3DSSPP) at the baseline and intervention phases. The data at the two time periods were compared to find out any change in the exposure with use of the ‘deadman’. Results: Results showed that exposures (such as overhead arm and awkward trunk postures and heavy load handling) were reduced in the intervention phase while using an electrical lift and the ‘deadman’. Conclusion: The concept of the ‘deadman’, which was shown to help reduce musculoskeletal exposures during ceiling installation, can be used to fabricate a permanent ergonomic tool to support the ceiling sheetrock.
Subphysiological Compressive Loading Reduces Apoptosis Following Acute Impact Injury in a Porcine Cartilage Model
Authors: Vernon Lauren , Abadin Andre , Wilensky David , Huang C.-Y. Charles , Kaplan Lee 
Published: October 2013

Background: Acute cartilage injuries induce cell death and are associated with an increased incidence of osteoarthritis development later in life. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of posttraumatic cyclic compressive loading on chondrocyte viability and apoptosis in porcine articular cartilage plugs. Hypothesis: Compressive loading of acutely injured cartilage can maintain chondrocyte viability by reducing apoptosis after a traumatic impact injury. Study Design: In vitro controlled laboratory study. Level of Evidence: Level 5. Methods: Each experiment compared 4 test groups: control, impact, impact with compressive loading (either 0.5 or 0.8 MPa), and no impact but compressive loading (n = 15 per group). Flat, full-thickness articular cartilage plugs were harvested from the trochlear region of porcine knees. A drop tower was utilized to introduce an impact injury. The articular plugs were subjected to two 30-minute cycles of either 0.5 or 0.8 MPa of dynamic loading. Cell viability, apoptosis, and gene expression of samples were evaluated 24 hours postimpaction. Results: Cell viability staining showed that 0.5 MPa of dynamic compressive loading increased cell viability compared with the impact group. Apoptotic analysis revealed a decrease in apoptotic expression in the group with 0.5 MPa of dynamic compressive loading compared with the impact group. Significantly higher caspase 3 and lower collagen II expressions were observed in impacted samples without compressive loading, compared with those with. Compressive loading of nonimpacted samples significantly increased collagen II and decreased caspase 3 expressions. Conclusion: In this porcine in vitro model, dynamic compressive loading at subphysiological levels immediately following impact injury decreases apoptotic expression, thereby maintaining chondrocyte viability. Clinical Relevance: Therapeutic exercises could be designed to deliver subphysiological loading to the injured cartilage, thereby minimizing injury.
Neutropenia in HIV-Infected Kenyan Women Receiving Triple Antiretroviral Prophylaxis to Prevent Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission Is Not Associated with Serious Clinical Sequelae
Authors: Iuliano A. Danielle , Weidle Paul J. , Brooks John T. , Masaba Rose , Girde Sonali , Ndivo Richard , Ogindo Paul , Omolo Paul , Zeh Clement , Thomas Timothy K. 
Published: October 2013

Background: Absolute neutrophil counts (ANCs) are lower in East African adults. To assess the impact of lower ANCs, we reviewed data from HIV-infected Kenyan women receiving antiretroviral therapy antepartum and postpartum. Methods: The Kisumu Breastfeeding Study (KiBS) participants received an antiretroviral regimen from 34 weeks’ gestation through 6 months postpartum. Measured ANCs and subsequent illnesses were reviewed. Adverse events (AEs) potentially attributable to neutropenia were identified, and ANCs were graded using the 2004 Division of AIDS table for Grading the Severity of AEs. Results: Among 478 women with ≥1 postpartum ANC measured, 298 (62.1%) women met criteria for an AE (<1.3 × 109 cells/L). Of those, 38 (12.5%) women experienced a nonlife-threatening illness potentially attributable to neutropenia. Conclusion: More than half of KiBS women met criteria for neutropenia. The mild clinical experience of most participants with low ANCs supports that these values might be typical for this population and may not result in adverse clinical sequelae.
G protein–dependent basal and evoked endothelial cell vWF secretion
Authors: Rusu Luiza , Andreeva Alexandra , Visintine David J. , Kim Kyungho , Vogel Stephen M. , Stojanovic-Terpo Aleksandra , Chernaya Olga , Liu Guoquan , Bakhshi Farnaz R. , Haberichter Sandra L. , Iwanari Hiroko , Kusano-Arai Osamu , Suzuki Nobuchika , Hamakubo Takao , Kozasa Tohru , Cho Jaehyung , Du Xiaoping , Minshall Richard D. 
Published: October 2013

Key PointsGα12 interaction with α-SNAP regulates basal EC vWF secretion. PAR-1 activation-dependent signaling via Gα12/RhoA and Gαq/11 enhances vWF secretion.
Ceramides: a potential therapeutic target in pulmonary emphysema
Authors: Tibboel Jeroen , Reiss Irwin , de Jongste Johan C , Post Martin 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
The aim of this manuscript was to characterize airway ceramide profiles in a rodent model of elastase-induced emphysema and to examine the effect of pharmacological intervention directed towards ceramide metabolism.

Methods
Adult mice were anesthetized and treated with an intratracheal instillation of elastase. Lung function was measured, broncho-alveolar lavage fluid collected and histological and morphometrical analysis of lung tissue performed within 3 weeks after elastase injection, with and without sphingomyelinase inhibitors or serine palmitoyltransferase inhibitor. Ceramides in broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were quantified by tandem mass spectrometry.

Results
BAL fluid showed a transient increase in total protein and IgM, and activated macrophages and neutrophils. Ceramides were transiently upregulated at day 2 after elastase treatment. Histology showed persistent patchy alveolar destruction at day 2 after elastase installation. Acid and neutral sphingomyelinase inhibitors had no effect on BAL ceramide levels, lung function or histology. Addition of a serine palmitoyltransferase inhibitor ameliorated lung function changes and reduced ceramides in BAL.

Conclusions
Ceramides were increased during the acute inflammatory phase of elastase-induced lung injury. Since addition of a serine palmitoyltransferase inhibitor diminished the rise in ceramides and ameliorated lung function, ceramides likely contributed to the early phase of alveolar destruction and are a potential therapeutic target in the elastase model of lung emphysema.
Y Chromosome analysis of prehistoric human populations in the West Liao River Valley, Northeast China
Authors: Cui Yinqiu , Li Hongjie , Ning Chao , Zhang Ye , Chen Lu , Zhao Xin , Hagelberg Erika , Zhou Hui 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
The West Liao River valley in Northeast China is an ecologically diverse region, populated in prehistory by human populations with a wide range of cultures and modes of subsistence. To help understand the human evolutionary history of this region, we performed Y chromosome analyses on ancient human remains from archaeological sites ranging in age from 6500 to 2700 BP.

Results
47 of the 70 individuals provided reproducible results. They were assigned into five different Y sub-haplogroups using diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphisms, namely N1 (xN1a, N1c), N1c, C/C3e, O3a (O3a3) and O3a3c. We also used 17 Y short tandem repeat loci in the non-recombining portion of the Y chromosome. There appears to be significant genetic differences between populations of the West Liao River valley and adjacent cultural complexes in the prehistoric period, and these prehistoric populations were shown to carry similar haplotypes as present-day Northeast Asians, but at markedly different frequencies.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that the prehistoric cultural transitions were associated with immigration from the Yellow River valley and the northern steppe into the West Liao River valley. They reveal the temporal continuity of Y chromosome lineages in populations of the West Liao River valley over 5000 years, with a concurrent increase in lineage diversity caused by an influx of immigrants from other populations.
Selective photoinactivation of Candida albicans in the non-vertebrate host infection model Galleria mellonella
Authors: Chibebe Junior José , Sabino Caetano P , Tan Xiaojiang , Junqueira Juliana C , Wang Yan , Fuchs Beth B , Jorge Antonio OC , Tegos George P , Hamblin Michael R , Mylonakis Eleftherios 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background

Candida spp. are recognized as a primary agent of severe fungal infection in immunocompromised patients, and are the fourth most common cause of bloodstream infections. Our study explores treatment with photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an innovative antimicrobial technology that employs a nontoxic dye, termed a photosensitizer (PS), followed by irradiation with harmless visible light. After photoactivation, the PS produces either singlet oxygen or other reactive oxygen species (ROS) that primarily react with the pathogen cell wall, promoting permeabilization of the membrane and cell death. The emergence of antifungal-resistant Candida strains has motivated the study of antimicrobial PDT (aPDT) as an alternative treatment of these infections. We employed the invertebrate wax moth Galleria mellonella as an in vivo model to study the effects of aPDT against C. albicans infection. The effects of aPDT combined with conventional antifungal drugs were also evaluated in G. mellonella.

Results
We verified that methylene blue-mediated aPDT prolonged the survival of C. albicans infected G. mellonella larvae. The fungal burden of G. mellonella hemolymph was reduced after aPDT in infected larvae. A fluconazole-resistant C. albicans strain was used to test the combination of aPDT and fluconazole. Administration of fluconazole either before or after exposing the larvae to aPDT significantly prolonged the survival of the larvae compared to either treatment alone.

Conclusions

G. mellonella is a useful in vivo model to evaluate aPDT as a treatment regimen for Candida infections. The data suggests that combined aPDT and antifungal therapy could be an alternative approach to antifungal-resistant Candida strains.
Bactericidal activity of PA-824 against Mycobacterium tuberculosis under anaerobic conditions and computational analysis of its novel analogues against mutant Ddn receptor
Authors: Somasundaram Sulochana , Anand Ramaian Santhaseela , Venkatesan Perumal , Paramasivan Chinnambedu N 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe resurgence of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and HIV associated tuberculosis (TB) are of serious global concern. To contain this situation, new anti-tuberculosis drugs and reduced treatment regimens are imperative. Recently, a nitroimidazole, PA-824, has been shown to be active against both replicating and non-replicating bacteria. It is activated by the enzyme Deazaflavin-dependent nitroreductase (Ddn) present inMycobacterium tuberculosiswhich catalyzes the reduction of PA-824, resulting in the release of lethal reactive nitrogen species (RNS) within the bacteria. In this context, PA-824 was analyzed for its activity against latent tuberculosis under anaerobic conditions and compared with rifampicin (RIF) and pyrazinamide (PZA). Recent mutagenesis studies have identified A76E mutation which affects the above mentioned catalysis and leads to PA-824 resistance. Hence, novel analogues which could cope up with their binding to mutant Ddn receptor were also identified through this study.ResultsPA-824 at an optimum concentration of 12.5 μg/ml showed enhanced bactericidal activity, resulting in 0 CFU/ml growth when compared to RIF and PZA at normal pH and anaerobic condition. Further docking studies revealed that a combinatorial structure of PA-824 conjugated with moxifloxacin (ligand 8) has the highest binding affinity with the wild type and mutant Ddn receptor.ConclusionsPA-824 has been demonstrated to have better activity under anaerobic condition at 12.5 μg/ml, indicating an optimized dose that is required for overcoming the detoxifying mechanisms ofM.tuberculosisand inducing its death. Further, the development of resistance through A76E mutation could be overcome through thein silicoevolved ligand 8.
Glutaminyl cyclase-mediated toxicity of pyroglutamate-beta amyloid induces striatal neurodegeneration
Authors: Becker Andreas , Kohlmann Stephanie , Alexandru Anca , Jagla Wolfgang , Canneva Fabio , Bäuscher Christoph , Cynis Holger , Sedlmeier Reinhard , Graubner Sigrid , Schilling Stephan , Demuth Hans-Ulrich , von Hörsten Stephan 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Posttranslational modifications of beta amyloid (Aβ) have been shown to affect its biophysical and neurophysiological properties. One of these modifications is N-terminal pyroglutamate (pE) formation. Enzymatic glutaminyl cyclase (QC) activity catalyzes cyclization of truncated Aβ(3-x), generating pE3-Aβ. Compared to unmodified Aβ, pE3-Aβ is more hydrophobic and neurotoxic. In addition, it accelerates aggregation of other Aβ species. To directly investigate pE3-Aβ formation and toxicity in vivo, transgenic (tg) ETNA (E at the truncated N-terminus of Aβ) mice expressing truncated human Aβ(3–42) were generated and comprehensively characterized. To further investigate the role of QC in pE3-Aβ formation in vivo, ETNA mice were intercrossed with tg mice overexpressing human QC (hQC) to generate double tg ETNA-hQC mice.

Results
Expression of truncated Aβ(3–42) was detected mainly in the lateral striatum of ETNA mice, leading to progressive accumulation of pE3-Aβ. This ultimately resulted in astrocytosis, loss of DARPP-32 immunoreactivity, and neuronal loss at the sites of pE3-Aβ formation. Neuropathology in ETNA mice was associated with behavioral alterations. In particular, hyperactivity and impaired acoustic sensorimotor gating were detected. Double tg ETNA-hQC mice showed similar Aβ levels and expression sites, while pE3-Aβ were significantly increased, entailing increased astrocytosis and neuronal loss.

Conclusions
ETNA and ETNA-hQC mice represent novel mouse models for QC-mediated toxicity of truncated and pE-modified Aβ. Due to their significant striatal neurodegeneration these mice can also be used for analysis of striatal regulation of basal locomotor activity and sensorimotor gating, and possibly for DARPP-32-dependent neurophysiology and neuropathology. The spatio-temporal correlation of pE3-Aβ and neuropathology strongly argues for an important role of this Aβ species in neurodegenerative processes in these models.