bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Historismus und Teleologie
Authors: Schulin Ernst 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn rejecting the traditional religious interpretation of history and postulating an universal progress of civilization the Enlightenment provided the prerequisites for the position of Historism in relation to teleology. The experience of the French Revolution contributed towards differentiating the Enlightenment conceptions by revealing inconsistencies and unforeseeability of this universal progress as well as the importance of specific national developments. This complex relationship with teleology is here demonstrated on the chief texts on developed Historism by Wilhelm von Humboldt, Ranke, Droysen and Meinecke. All of them reprehensively assess the philosophies of history of the Enlightenment and Hegel for their attempted construction of a predeterminated historical development in which temporal and spiritual progress are identical. Historism does not deny progress; but progress is confined to the material world and the quantitative spread of culture and civilization; superior attention is, however, accorded to the necessary, yet free, not foreseeable, timeless, spiritual forces, or ideas. „Objective”︁ Historism, pre‐eminently represented by Ranke, ist thereby distinguished from Droysen's „actionsguiding”︁ Historism which, from the historical world of goals, selects those which are of importance for present moral, responsible human conduct. Both kinds of Historism reject predestination, are therefore „teleology without telos”︁, assert an onward movement without beginning or end, a composition of innumerable single developments. In the „positivistic”︁ Historism of the latter half of the 19th century, causalities take the place of „ideas”︁; the „subjective”︁ Historism (Meinecke) attempts to retain these ideas as „values”︁ and chief objects for historical contemplation.
Wissenschaftsgeschichte — eine Brücke zwischen Natur‐ und Geisteswissenschaften
Authors: Hooykaas Reijer 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis paper tries to expound, — in the first place to students of the humanities —, that history of science may be an aid to bridge the gulf between sciences and the humanities. The first part shows that in particular the external (religious, philosophical, economical, social) influences on science are a matter of common interest. The second part points out the similarities of history of science and other historical disciplines, whereas the fact that the former's subject, „Science”︁, investigates non‐human phenomena and bears a strongly progressive character makes them differ. Consequently, historiography of science shows a tendency to an ‚evolutionistic’︁ approach.The author advocates a more phenomenological method by which the historian looks at science of the past as if he were its contemporary critical observer. It is maintained that, when evaluating the past, the standard should not be whether ancient tenets were „true”︁, but whether they were „scientific”︁: not all that is scientific, is necessarily true. Finally, it is pointed out that history of science shows that, fundamentally, „science”︁ ‚too’︁ belongs to the humanities.
Reverse micelles‐mediated transport of lipase in liquid emulsion membrane for downstream processing
Authors: Bhavya S. G. , Priyanka B. S. , Rastogi Navin K. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis work deals with the downstream processing of lipase (EC 3.1.1.3, from Aspergillus niger) using liquid emulsion membrane (LEM) containing reverse micelles for the first time. The membrane phase consisted of surfactants [cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and Span 80] and cosolvents (isooctane and paraffin light oil). The various process parameters for the extraction of lipase from aqueous feed were optimized to maximize activity recovery and purification fold. The mechanism of lipase transport through LEM consisted of three steps namely solubilization of lipase in reverse micelles, transportation of reverse micelles loaded with lipase through the liquid membrane, and release of the lipase into internal aqueous phase. The results showed that the optimum conditions for activity recovery (78.6%) and purification (3.14‐fold) were feed phase ionic strength 0.10 M NaCl and pH 9.0, surfactants concentration (Span 80 0.18 M and CTAB 0.1 M), volume ratio of organic phase to internal aqueous phase 0.9, ratio of membrane emulsion to feed volume 1.0, internal aqueous phase concentration 1.0 M KCl and pH 7.0, stirring speed 450 rpm, and contact time 15 min. This work indicated the feasibility of LEM for the downstream processing of lipase. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2012
One‐Pot Sol–Gel Preparation for Efficient Cobalt–Molybdenum–Titania Hydrotreating Catalysts
Authors: Nguyen D. L. , Gillot S. , Souza D. O. , Blanchard P. , Lamonier C. , Berrier E. , Kotbagi T. V. , Dongare M. K. , Umbarkar S. B. , Cristol S. , Payen E. , Lancelot C. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractTitania‐based hydrodesulfurization catalysts were prepared by using a one‐pot sol–gel method with the titanium peroxo complex as titanium precursor and molybdenum and cobalt precursors dissolved in the aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution used during synthesis. Catalysts with MoO3 loadings varying from 5 to 40 wt % and a Co/Mo atomic ratio of 0.5 were prepared. Solids with molybdenum loadings below 20 wt % MoO3 demonstrated poor hydrodesulfurization activity for the model compound thiophene. This was attributed to the presence of a large amount of embedded cobalt and molybdenum species in the titania matrix. A significant increase in the catalytic activity was observed for solids containing 20 and 25 wt % of MoO3 on which active species appeared to be accessible on the titania surface. Furthermore, the highest conversion obtained on these sol–gel solids was superior to the highest conversion obtained on reference catalysts prepared through the impregnation of ammonium heptamolybdate and cobalt nitrate on commercial titania.
Boosting Lewis Acid Catalysis in Water‐in‐Oil Metallomicroemulsions
Authors: Méndez‐Pérez María , García‐Río Luis , Pérez‐Lorenzo Moisés 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA study on the effect of sodium bis(2‐ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate‐based metallomicroemulsions on the Lewis acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis of the ester 2,4‐dinitrophenylpicolinate is reported. For a given amount of metal (Ni2+), the presence of these colloidal systems increases the catalytic efficiency of the Lewis acid approximately 1000 % over that found in bulk water. This finding is justified on the basis of the highly localized confinement of the catalyst at the aqueous interface of the microemulsion. In addition, the obtained results indicate that the encounter of the ester with the metal catalyst is significantly favored in the presence of this metallo‐functionalized microreactor. The mathematical model developed herein also allows an accurate determination and prediction of the influence of the metallomicroemulsion composition on the catalytic effect on the reaction rate. The results obtained lead to the development of similar reaction systems involving the application of metal Lewis acid catalysts such as carbon–carbon bond‐forming reactions.
Photoinduced Electron Transfer in an Amine–Corrole–Perylene Bisimide Assembly: Charge Separation over Terminal Components Favoured by Solvent Polarity
Authors: Voloshchuk Roman , Gryko Daniel T. , Chotkowski Maciej , Ciuciu Adina I. , Flamigni Lucia 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAn assembly has been synthesised that consists of four units: a meso‐substituted corrole (C3), perylene bisimide (PI), and two electron‐rich triphenylamine (DPA) units. PI is connected through a 1,4‐phenylene bridge to C3, whereas the two DPA units are linked to C3 through a diphenyl ether linkage, which is used for the first time to connect the various moieties. Various synthetic strategies were elaborated, and the chosen one afforded the final system in six steps in an overall yield of 6 %. The resulting assembly, made of three different units, was named a “triad”. Excitation of the corrole (C3) or perylene bisimide (PI) units led to the charge‐separated state DPA‐C3+‐PI− with a rate k>1011 s−1 in benzonitrile and dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) or with k of the order of 1010 s−1 in toluene. The latter charge‐separated state decayed to the ground state with a rate k=1.8×109 s−1 in toluene. In the polar solvents benzonitrile and dichloromethane, recombination to the ground state competes with a charge shift to form the distal charge‐separated state, DPA+‐C3‐PI−, the formation of which occurs with a yield of 50 %. Recombination to the ground state of DPA+‐C3‐PI− occurs with a rate k=5×107 s−1 in CH2Cl2 and k=2×107 s−1 in benzonitrile.
Adsorption of Two Taste and Odor Compounds IPMP and IBMP by Granular Activated Carbon in Water
Authors: An Na , Xie Hui‐hui , Gao Nai‐yun , Deng Yang , Chu Wen‐hai , Jiang Jin 
Published: September 2012

AbstractGranular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption of two representative taste and odor (T & O) compounds, 2‐isopropyl‐3‐methoxy pyrazine (IPMP), and 2‐isobutyl‐3‐methoxy pyrazine (IBMP), in drinking water was investigated. Results show that the modified Freundlich equation best fit the experimental data during the adsorption isotherm tests, and the pseudo first‐order kinetics and intra‐particle diffusion kinetics well described the adsorption kinetics pattern. The calculated thermodynamic parameters (ΔH0, ΔS0, and ΔG0) indicated a spontaneous and endothermic adsorption process. Factors affecting the treatment efficiency were carefully evaluated. Acidic and alkaline conditions both favored GAC adsorption of IPMP and IBMP, especially the former. With the GAC dosage increasing, the first order adsorption rates increased, while the intra‐particle adsorption rates decreased. Within 12 h, 200 mg/L GAC could remove >90% of 150 µg/L IPMP and IBMP via adsorption at pH 3–11. Therefore, GAC is a promising treatment technology to control the T & O compounds associated water pollution.
Development of an intelligent lighting system using LED ceiling lights into an actual office
Authors: Ono Keiko , Miki Mitsunori , Yoshimi Masato , Nishimoto Tatsuo , Omi Tetsuya , Adachi Hiroshi , Akita Masatoshi , Kasahara Yoshihiro 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAs a demonstration, our proposed system has been introduced into actual offices in Tokyo. It consists of fluorescent lighting fixtures, light control units, microprocessors, illuminance sensors, and distributed optimization software. The lower control limit of a fluorescent light fixture is between 20% and 30%. We measured the relationship between the color temperature and the dimming range for the illuminance. The experimental results showed that the dimming range for the illuminance was narrow. To provide each worker's desired illuminance and color temperature, an LED ceiling light which can control the luminance between 0% and 100% is preferable. However, LED ceiling lights for office use have not been developed so far. The two leading light equipment makers have prototyped LED ceiling lights. We developed an intelligent lighting system using these lights and verified its effectiveness. The experimental results showed that the proposed system could provide the required illuminance and color temperature, and could achieve an energy savings of 60 to 80%. The intelligent system has a high affinity for LED lights. From the point of view of effective utilization of energy, the intelligent lighting system using LED ceiling lights showed good performance. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 95(10): 54–63, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10395
Template matching robust to intensity variations and noise using eigen‐decomposed templates
Authors: Koutaki Gou , Uchimura Keiichi 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis paper proposes improved eigen‐decomposition template matching. Eigen‐decomposition template matching is a method of detecting the displacement and the rotational angle more accurately than traditional rotational correlation matching methods such as the cross‐correlation method. The proposed method calculates the correlation by matching images determined by eigen‐decomposition of the template image to the input image instead of matching the template image to the input image directly. This paper also proposes a method of detecting the displacement and rotational angle even if the input image includes large translation displacements and intensity variations. The experimental results show that the proposed method can detect the displacement and rotational angle more accurately than the previous method for images with noise and illumination variance. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 95(10): 27–36, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11389
Optical design and receiving characteristics of two‐lens visible light communication system
Authors: Matsumoto Yoshinori , Nakada Hiromichi 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis paper describes the optical design of a two‐lens visible light communication system to reduce background noise. The system is composed of an image sensor, a receiving element, and control software. The selected area for the receiving element was calculated by considering the chip size, the focal length of the lens, and the pitch between the image sensor and the receiving element on the PCB board. The communication length is expected to be proportional to the focal length of the lens. LED sources were modulated by subcarrier 4‐bit pulse position modulation of visible light ID at the carrier frequency of 28.8 kHz. The communication length of the system using a commercialized high‐sensitivity phototransistor was measured at up to 16.5 m for a focal length of 12 mm. In the phototransistor array system, the brightness and illuminant size from the image sensor were used to identify the signal source. The system separates the data from multiple signal sources by selecting an arbitrary receiving element. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 95(10): 9–16, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11402
Characterizing differential responses of benthic macroinvertebrate communities to floods and droughts in three different stream types using a Self‐Organizing Map
Authors: Bae Mi‐Jung , Chon Tae‐Soo , Park Young‐Seuk 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTWe investigated the spatial and temporal changes of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in response to floods and droughts in three different stream types: perennial, intermittent, and ephemeral. Benthic macroinvertebrates were collected monthly (or biweekly) at six different sampling sites from July 2006 to January 2008. Species richness and abundance were extremely low at all sampling sites during the flooding period, but the communities subsequently recovered rapidly within 1 month. The effects of floods and droughts on benthic macroinvertebrates manifested differently among the three different stream types. Species richness and abundance had a negative relationship with the amount of precipitation in the perennial stream type, whereas no significant relationship was observed in the ephemeral stream type. A Self‐Organizing Map, an unsupervised artificial neural network, classified the samples into four clusters based on the similarities of community composition, reflecting the different effects of floods and droughts on the different stream types. Our results suggest that floods and droughts are the defining characteristics of streams, spatial heterogeneity (i.e. the perennial stream type) can decrease the effect of temporal heterogeneity, and both spatial and temporal heterogeneities are important for structuring the environmental condition and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Suppression of higher harmonics resonance in a distribution system
Authors: Sugimura Shouji , Naitoh Tadashi , Toyama Atsushi , Ohta Fumihiko 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThere are many PWM control devices, which are higher harmonics current sources, in distribution systems, and higher harmonics cause overcurrents by parallel resonance. To avoid overcurrents, it is necessary to suppress resonance. In this paper, a new suppression method, which uses the effect of source connected points in resonance circuits, is proposed. First it shows that the optimal point, which gives a minimum current amplification degree, is orthogonal to the static condenser voltage. Then, using the eigenvector of the state equation, the participation factor is defined. When the participation factor is zero, the orthogonality condition is introduced. Therefore, the optimal point is obtained with the participation factor. Finally, numerical investigation shows that multiple optimal points usually exist. Therefore, we can choose the most advantageous point as a source‐connected node. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 182(1): 18–29, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22307
Core–shell designed scaffolds of alginate/alpha‐tricalcium phosphate for the loading and delivery of biological proteins
Authors: Perez Roman A. , Kim Hae‐Won 
Published: September 2012

AbstractDevelopment of scaffolds to load and deliver therapeutic molecules like growth factors greatly enhances tissue regenerative capacity. Here, we report the core–shell design of fibrous scaffolds made of alginate and α‐tricalcium phosphate (Alg/α‐TCP) for in situ protein loading and controllable delivery. Direct deposition of Alg/α‐TCP solution through designed coconcentric nozzle in CaCl2 bath allowed the generation of fibrous scaffolds. Through the process, in situ protein loading was possible and the core and shell composition was controlled. Feasibility of the designed scaffolds in loading and release of biological model protein cytochrome C (cyt C) was investigated. Scaffolding formed in CaCl2 led to a considerable loss of cyt C in a crosslinking time‐dependent manner, and the change in hardening conditions (Alg concentration, CaCl2 concentration, and Alg/α‐TCP ratio) was not as effective in reducing the protein loss. Subsequent release of cyt C from Alg scaffolds displayed a marked initial burst depending on crosslinking conditions, and shortening crosslinking time and decreasing CaCl2 concentration lowered the initial burst. The α‐TCP addition (up to 75%) resulted in more continual and sustainable release patterns. Composition change (α‐TCP content) in core or shell significantly altered the release profiles, suggesting the possible designing core–shell configuration for target release patterns, such as dual‐protein delivery. Additionally, the α‐TCP incorporation significantly increased the mechanical stiffness to values much closer to those of hard tissues. Results indicate that coaxial deposited α‐TCP/Alg fibrous scaffolds may be useful for designing proper growth factor delivery systems in hard tissue engineering. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2013.
Yellow‐pigmented Cupriavidus sp., a novel bacterium capable of utilizing glycerine pitch for the sustainable production of P(3HB‐co‐4HB)
Authors: Ramachandran Hema , Amirul A.A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundDevelopment of bacterial strains that can utilize cheap and renewable carbon substrate will make the prices of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐4‐hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB‐co‐4HB)] competitive with synthetic plastics. Disposal of glycerine pitch, which is a scheduled waste from the oleochemicals industry, has raised awareness among communities as burning the waste literally means producing acrolein which is well known for its toxicity and adverse effects. Therefore, discovering potential application of glycerine pitch as carbon substrate is believed to overcome the waste management problem and reduce the P(3HB‐co‐4HB) production cost.ResultsCupriavidus sp. USMAHM13, a novel yellow‐pigmented bacterium produced the highest 4HB composition (43 mol%) with cell dry weight and PHA content of 6.0 g L‐1 and 49 wt%, respectively, through combination of glycerine pitch (5 g L‐1) and 1,4‐butanediol (5 g L‐1) via one‐stage cultivation. The yellow pigment extracts were analyzed using UV–VIS spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS), which revealed that the yellow pigment might represent a new compound in the carotenoid group.ConclusionBiosynthesis of P(3HB‐co‐4HB) by a novel yellow‐pigmented Cupriavidus sp. using glycerine pitch together with 1,4‐butanediol enhanced cost efficiency and sustainability in the production of P(3HB‐co‐4HB).
The reliability and validity of visuospatial inattention tests with stroke patients
Authors: Sea Mei‐Jin Chen , Henderson Anne 
Published: September 2012

AbstractVisuospatial inattention is one of the deficits which can have a negative effect on activities in daily living performance in stroke patients. Four cancellation tests were administered to 43 stroke patients (34 right lesion and 9 left lesion) to determine the reliability and validity in measuring visuospatial inattention deficit. For the total group, test–re‐test reliabilities on the Albert Test, the Schenkenberg Line Bisection Test (SLBT) cancellation, the Structured Chinese Word Cancellation Test (SCWCT) and the Random Chinese Word Cancellation Test (RCWCT) ranged from 0.79 to 0.96. Among the four cancellation tests, the RCWCT had the highest reliability (0.96). Reliability coefficients were also calculated for the subgroup with right brain lesion with similar results. High intercorrelation coefficients showed that the four tests evaluate the same construct at a significant level. The correlation (r) was used to estimate the size of the effect of the linear relationship between lesion side and omission scores of the tests. The results showed moderate‐to‐large effect sizes of the side of lesion on the performance and indicated that the RCWCT, the SCWCT, the SLBT and the Albert Test could all be used to discriminate right brain lesion from the left. In addition to showing excellent reliability and construct validity, the RCWCT was the most difficult of the tests, and so the most likely to identify inattention in Chinese individuals.
Cognitive‐behavioral treatment of chronic recurrent pain
Authors: Engel Joyce M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPain is a primary reason for seeking health care. The effect of a cognitive‐behavioral treatment program on complaints of chronic, recurrent, non‐malignant pain was evaluated. The treatment procedure consisted of a combination of a psychoeducational approach, and relaxation and attention diversion techniques, positive coping self‐statements and homework assignments. Decreased pain complaints and improved mood were reported after completion of the program. These data support the use of the cognitive‐behavioral frame of reference to alleviate adult pain complaints and suffering.
Construct validity of the tseng teacher handwriting checklist
Authors: Tseng Mei‐Hui 
Published: September 2012

AbstractHandwriting problems in Chinese elementary school students have rarely been researched. Efforts to examine handwriting difficulties in school‐aged children have been hampered by the lack of a reliable and valid instrument. The present study was designed to examine the construct validity of the Tseng Teacher Handwriting Checklist (TTHC), which consists of 24 items that assess handwriting problems in Chinese elementary school students. Factor analysis was performed on the items of the TTHC with a sample of 214 school‐aged children from grades 3 to 5 who had handwriting problems. Results replicated a previous study. Factor loadings were all sufficiently strong to regard the six factors as distinct, well‐defined constructs. These factors were construction, sequencing, behaviour, accuracy, motor and directionality.