bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computed tomography and clinical characteristics of gastric glomus tumors
Authors: Hu Shu Dong , Hu Duan Min , Huang Wei , Chen Ke Min , Song Qi 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveTo provide a retrospective assessment of clinical characteristics of the patients with gastric glomus tumors and the imaging features of the tumors on multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT).MethodsConsecutive patients with gastric glomus tumor which was confirmed by postoperative pathology from January 2004 to January 2012 in a tertiary hospital were included in the study. The MDCT images and medical records of the patients including the imaging features of the tumor on MDCT such as its location, number, shape, growth pattern, size, density and enhancement pattern were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsAltogether ten patients were included in the study, including seven women and three men, with a mean age of 46.6 years (range 25–67 years). Most patients had nonspecific clinical symptoms. All lesions were located at the gastric antrum, with a mean diameter of 2.7 cm. The gastric glomus tumor showed strong enhancement at the arterial phase, a progressive filled‐in enhanced pattern and prolonged enhancement during multiphasic scans.ConclusionsGastric glomus tumor is clinically an extremely rare disease. The combination of tumor location, size and the characteristic enhancement pattern of the subepithelial lesion may suggest a diagnosis of gastric glomus tumor.
Circulating human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is associated with hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance循环中的人类表皮生长因子受体2（HER2）与高血糖以及胰岛素抵抗有关
Authors: Memon Ashfaque A. , Bennet Louise , Zöller Bengt , Wang Xiao , Palmer Karolina , Sundquist Kristina , Sundquist Jan 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) are associated with cancer, although the role of HER2 in T2DM is not well defined. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between HER2 levels and T2DM and whether that association differed in Swedish people born in Iraq or Sweden.MethodsCirculating HER2 levels were analyzed by the Luminex assay in 95 Iraqi‐born and 75 Swedish‐born Swedes.ResultsThere were significant differences in HER2 among those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and T2DM in the entire population after adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI; P = 0.03). Stratification of data according to country of birth revealed significant differences in HER2 levels among NGT, IFG/IGT, and T2DM groups only in Swedes (P = 0.007). For the entire study population, there was a positive association between HER2 and hyperglycemia (IFG and/or IGT + T2DM; P = 0.011), BMI, waist circumference, serum insulin, homeostatic model assessment of β‐cell function, HbA1c, triglycerides, and C‐peptide (P < 0.05), and a negative association between HER2 and insulin sensitivity index (ISI; P < 0.0001). Bivariate and multivariate linear regression analyses on the whole study population revealed that the associations between hyperglycemia and HER2, as well as between ISI and HER2, were independent of factors known to be associated with T2DM and insulin resistance (e.g. demographics, obesity, lipids, sedentary lifestyle, a family history of T2DM, C‐peptide, and C‐reactive protein).ConclusionsThere is an independent association between HER2 levels and hyperglycemia and insulin resistance that is not modified by country of birth.
Glucotoxicity inhibits cAMP–protein kinase A‐potentiated glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic β‐cells葡萄糖毒性抑制cAMP‐PKA通路促进的胰岛β细胞中血糖刺激的胰岛素分泌
Authors: Kong Xiangchen , Yan Dan , Wu Xuerui , Guan Youfei , Ma Xiaosong 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of incretin is markedly blunted in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), and this reduced effect of incretin is correlated with a diminished insulintropic potency of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1). We reported recently that GLP‐1 potentiates glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) mainly via activation of the cAMP–protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway in INS‐1E cells under hyperglycemic conditions. In the present study, we further explored whether glucotoxicity impairs cAMP–PKA‐mediated effects and its relevance to the reduced insulinotropic action of GLP‐1 in hyperglycemia.MethodsMouse islets and INS‐1E cells were cultured in 30 mmol/L glucose for 72 h. The effects of glucotoxicity on cAMP–PKA‐linked pathways and its insulinotropic action were then evaluated.ResultsChronic exposure of INS‐1E cells and primary mouse islets to 30 mmol/L glucose almost abolished GSIS. The cAMP‐elevating agent forskolin produced an approximate 1.9‐fold increase in GSIS, significantly lower than that observed with 5.5 mmol/L glucose (∼3.3‐fold). Moreover, 72 h culture in the presence of 30 mmol/L glucose reduced forskolin‐stimulated cAMP accumulation in β‐cells. Notably, glucotoxicity reduced the expression and activity of PKA, as well as PKA‐mediated effects. In contrast, glucotoxicity had no effect on the expression of Epac2, another cAMP effector.ConclusionsGlucotoxicity‐induced reductions in PKA and its signaling account, at least in part, for the decreased incretin effect under conditions of glucotoxicity.
Emodin up‐regulates glucose metabolism, decreases lipolysis, and attenuates inflammation in vitro大黄素在体内上调糖代谢、减少脂解和抑制炎症反应
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Zhang Rong , Lv Pengfei , Yang Jian , Deng Yujie , Xu Jun , Zhu Rongfeng , Zhang Di , Yang Ying 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundEmodin, the major bioactive component of Rheum palmatum, has many different activities, including antitumor, anti‐inflammatory, and antidiabetes effects. Recently, emodin was reported to regulate energy metabolism. In the present study, we further explored the effects of emodin on glucose and lipid metabolism.MethodsDifferentiated C2C12 myotubes and 3T3‐L1 adipocytes were treated with or without different concentrations of emodin (6.25, 12.5, 25 or 50 μmol/L) for different time (1 h, 3 h, 12 h, 24 h or 48 h). Glucose metabolism, oxygen consumption, lactic acid levels, glycerol levels, and inflammation pathways were then evaluated. Cells were collected for quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot analysis.ResultsEmodin upregulated glucose uptake and consumption in both C2C12 myotubes and 3T3‐L1 adipocytes, with glycolysis increased. Furthermore, emodin inhibited lipolysis under basal conditions (as well as in the presence of 10 ng/ml tumor necrosis factor (TNF‐)‐α in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes) and significantly decreased phosphorylated perilipin. Moreover, emodin inhibited the nuclear factor‐κB and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase pathways in C2C12 myotubes and 3T3‐L1 adipocytes.ConclusionsEmodin upregulates glucose metabolism, decreases lipolysis, and inhibits inflammation in C2C12 myotubes and 3T3‐L1 adipocytes.
Transcriptome resources for the white‐footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus): new genomic tools for investigating ecologically divergent urban and rural populations
Authors: Harris Stephen E. , O'Neill Rachel J. , Munshi‐South Jason 
Published: July 2014

AbstractGenomic resources are important and attainable for examining evolutionary change in divergent natural populations of nonmodel species. We utilized two next‐generation sequencing (NGS) platforms, 454 and SOLiD 5500XL, to assemble low‐coverage transcriptomes of the white‐footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus), a widespread and abundant native rodent in eastern North America. We sequenced liver mRNA transcripts from multiple individuals collected from urban populations in New York City and rural populations in undisturbed protected areas nearby and assembled a reference transcriptome using 1 080 065 954 SOLiD 5500XL (75 bp) reads and 3 052 640 454 GS FLX + reads. The reference contained 40 908 contigs with a N50 = 1044 bp and a total content of 30.06 Megabases (Mb). Contigs were annotated from Mus musculus (39.96% annotated) Uniprot databases. We identified 104 655 high‐quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 65 single sequence repeats (SSRs) with flanking primers. We also used normalized read counts to identify putative gene expression differences in 10 genes between populations. There were 19 contigs significantly differentially expressed in urban populations compared to rural populations, with gene function annotations generally related to the translation and modification of proteins and those involved in immune responses. The individual transcriptomes generated in this study will be used to investigate evolutionary responses to urbanization. The reference transcriptome provides a valuable resource for the scientific community using North American Peromyscus species as emerging model systems for ecological genetics and adaptation.
Alteration in the Wnt microenvironment directly regulates molecular events leading to pulmonary senescence
Authors: Kovacs Tamas , Csongei Veronika , Feller Diana , Ernszt David , Smuk Gabor , Sarosi Veronika , Jakab Laszlo , Kvell Krisztian , Bartis Domokos , Pongracz Judit E. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryIn the aging lung, the lung capacity decreases even in the absence of diseases. The progenitor cells of the distal lung, the alveolar type II cells (ATII), are essential for the repair of the gas‐exchange surface. Surfactant protein production and survival of ATII cells are supported by lipofibroblasts that are peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ)‐dependent special cell type of the pulmonary tissue. PPARγ levels are directly regulated by Wnt molecules; therefore, changes in the Wnt microenvironment have close control over maintenance of the distal lung. The pulmonary aging process is associated with airspace enlargement, decrease in the distal epithelial cell compartment and infiltration of inflammatory cells. qRT–PCR analysis of purified epithelial and nonepithelial cells revealed that lipofibroblast differentiation marker parathyroid hormone‐related protein receptor (PTHrPR) and PPARγ are reduced and that PPARγ reduction is regulated by Wnt4 via a β‐catenin‐dependent mechanism. Using a human in vitro 3D lung tissue model, a link was established between increased PPARγ and pro‐surfactant protein C (pro‐SPC) expression in pulmonary epithelial cells. In the senile lung, both Wnt4 and Wnt5a levels increase and both Wnt‐s increase myofibroblast‐like differentiation. Alteration of the Wnt microenvironment plays a significant role in pulmonary aging. Diminished lipo‐ and increased myofibroblast‐like differentiation are directly regulated by specific Wnt‐s, which process also controls surfactant production and pulmonary repair mechanisms.
Cellular senescence and aging: the role of B‐MYB
Authors: Mowla Sophia N. , Lam Eric W.‐F. , Jat Parmjit S. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryCellular senescence is a stable cell cycle arrest, caused by insults, such as: telomere erosion, oncogene activation, irradiation, DNA damage, oxidative stress, and viral infection. Extrinsic stimuli such as cell culture stress can also trigger this growth arrest. Senescence is thought to have evolved as an example of antagonistic pleiotropy, as it acts as a tumor suppressor mechanism during the reproductive age, but can promote organismal aging by disrupting tissue renewal, repair, and regeneration later in life. The mechanisms underlying the senescence growth arrest are broadly considered to involve p16INK4A‐pRB and p53‐p21CIP1/WAF1/SDI1 tumor suppressor pathways; but it is not known what makes the senescence arrest stable and what the critical downstream targets are, as they are likely to be key to the establishment and maintenance of the senescent state. MYB‐related protein B (B‐MYB/MYBL2), a member of the myeloblastosis family of transcription factors, has recently emerged as a potential candidate for regulating entry into senescence. Here, we review the evidence which indicates that loss of B‐MYB expression has an important role in causing senescence growth arrest. We discuss how B‐MYB acts, as the gatekeeper, to coordinate transit through the cell cycle, in conjunction with the multivulval class B (MuvB) complex and FOXM1 transcription factors. We also evaluate the evidence connecting B‐MYB to the mTOR nutrient signaling pathway and suggest that inhibition of this pathway leading to an extension of healthspan may involve activation of B‐MYB.
A high‐resolution whole‐genome map of the distinctive epigenomic landscape induced by butyrate in bovine cells
Authors: Shin J. H. , Xu L. , Li R. W. , Gao Y. , Bickhart D. , Liu G. E. , Baldwin R. , Li C.‐J. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryThis report presents a study utilizing next‐generation sequencing technology, combined with chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP‐seq) technology to analyze histone modification induced by butyrate and to construct a high‐definition map of the epigenomic landscape with normal histone H3 and H4 and their variants in bovine cells at the whole‐genome scale. A total of 10 variants of histone H3 and H4 modifications were mapped at the whole‐genome scale (acetyl‐H3K18‐ChIP‐seq, trimethy‐H3K9, histone H4 ChIP‐seq, acetyl‐H4K5 ChIP‐seq, acetyl‐H4K12 ChIP‐seq, acetyl‐H4K16 ChIP‐seq, histone H3 ChIP‐seq, acetyl H3H9 ChIP‐seq, acetyl H3K27 ChIP‐seq and tetra‐acetyl H4 ChIP‐seq). Integrated experiential data and an analysis of histone and histone modification at a single base resolution across the entire genome are presented. We analyzed the enriched binding regions in the proximal promoter (within 5 kb upstream or at the 5′‐untranslated region from the transcriptional start site (TSS)), and the exon, intron and intergenic regions (defined by regions 25 kb upstream and 10 kb downstream from the TSS). A de novo search for the binding motif of the 10 ChIP‐seq datasets discovered numerous motifs from each of the ChIP‐seq datasets. These consensus sequences indicated that histone modification at different locations changes the histone H3 and H4 binding preferences. Nevertheless, a high degree of conservation in histone binding also was presented in these motifs. This first extensive epigenomic landscape mapping in bovine cells offers a new framework and a great resource for testing the role of epigenomes in cell function and transcriptomic regulation.
Efficacy of general practitioners with specialty interests for surgical procedures
Authors: Taneja Ashish , Singh Primal P. , Tan James P. L. , Hill Douglas G. , Connolly Andrew B. , Hill Andrew G. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundGeneral practitioners with specialty interests (GPwSIs) have been an emerging entity in the last decade or so and aim to improve patient's access to specialist level care in the primary care setting. This is achieved by them providing equivalent quality and outcomes to secondary consultant‐led services, while not necessarily providing the same breadth of clinical care as them. In this systematic review, we attempt to address their efficacy for surgical procedures and specialties.MethodsPRISMA guidelines were followed and an electronic literature search was performed independently by two authors using predefined search terms across EMBASE, Ovid MedLine, PubMed, PSYCINFO and the Cochrane Library databases. A total of 817 articles were reviewed after which only six were included for the systematic review.ResultsOf the six articles selected, three studies analysed efficacy of GPwSIs with regard to surgical excision of skin lesions. One study looked at the economic evaluation of a GPwSI‐led dermatology service in primary care and included GPwSIs carrying out skin excisions. The remaining two included studies were from the same institution and evaluated hernia repairs at a single centre general practitioner practice.ConclusionThere is generally, a paucity of evidence looking at the efficacy of GPwSIs for surgical procedures. While they seem to provide an acceptable standard of specialist care in the primary care setting, they do not appear to save money. However, they provide an alternative workforce and the improved access to care that results from it may offset their higher costs.
Warthin‐like variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: single institution experience
Authors: Jun Hak Hoon , Kim Seok‐Mo , Hong Soon Won , Lee Yong Sang , Chang Hang‐Seok , Park Cheong Soo 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundCorrect diagnosis of the variants of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is important because these variants differ in clinical course. The Warthin‐like variant (WLV) is relatively uncommon and is recognized as not different from conventional PTC. We therefore assessed the clinicopathological features of patients with WLV of PTC who were diagnosed and treated at our institution.MethodsOf the 8179 patients treated for PTC at the Thyroid Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, between January 2007 and December 2012, 16 patients (0.2%) were pathologically diagnosed with WLV of PTC. Their clinicopathological features and post‐operative follow‐up for local recurrence and distant metastasis were retrospectively investigated.ResultMean patient age was 44.9 years (range: 23–61 years), with seven (44%) being younger than 45 years. Only one of the 16 patients was male (6%). Mean tumour size was 8.9 mm (range: 3–22 mm). Extrathyroidal extension was observed in seven patients (44%), associated thyroiditis in 11 (69%) and lymph node metastasis in six (38%). The mean follow‐up period was 37 months (range: 13–78 months), during which none of the 16 patients experienced recurrence or metastasis. Fifteen patients (94%) had MACIS score <6, with the remaining patient having a MACIS score of 6.33.ConclusionWLV of PTC is rare, with favourable prognosis. Nevertheless, it is important to determine the histopathological features of these tumours.
Defining an optimal surgical strategy for synchronous colorectal liver metastases: staged versus simultaneous resection?
Authors: She Wong Hoi , Chan Albert Chi Yan , Poon Ronnie Tung Ping , Cheung Tan To , Chok Kenneth Siu Ho , Chan See Ching , Lo Chung Mau 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to assess if simultaneous resection conferred any survival benefit in resection of synchronous colorectal liver metastases.MethodsFrom January 1990 to December 2008, 116 patients with synchronous colorectal liver metastases were identified. Among these 116 patients, 88 underwent staged resection (SR), while the remaining 28 patients underwent simultaneous resection (SIMR). Patients’ follow‐up data were reviewed.ResultsThere were no significant differences between the groups in terms of patient and tumour characteristics. Major hepatectomy was performed in 54 patients (61%) undergoing SR, and 12 patients (43%) undergoing SIMR (P = 0.09). The median blood loss (SR 0.7 L versus SIMR 0.8 L) was similar. Post‐operative morbidity rates and hospital mortality rates were not statistically different. The total length of hospital stay was shorter in SIMR patients (18.0 versus 11.5 days, P = 0.009). The 1‐, 3‐ and 5‐year overall survival for SR were 90.7%, 47.1% and 33.3%, whilst the corresponding survival rates for SIMR were 75.0%, 25.0% and 0%, respectively (P = 0.003). However, when the disease‐free survival (DFS) was stratified according to the number of hepatic metastases, the survival benefit of SR and SIMR for solitary CRM were similar (3‐year DFS: 28.3% versus 11.1%, P = 0.089).ConclusionsOur study showed that an operative strategy of SR generally offered better survival outcome than SIMR in the surgical management of CRM.
Endoscopic polypectomy for pacemaker patients: is it safe?
Authors: Li Yue , Han Zelong , Sun Yaqing , Li Anbing , Zhang Wei , Li Aimin , Liu Side 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundEndoscopic polypectomy is believed to reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer, and it has become a standard practice for the removal of gastrointestinal polyps. However, for patients with implanted cardiac devices, endoscopic polypectomy is thought to be relatively contraindicated. Aside from two case reports from around 10 years ago, few studies have evaluated the safety of endoscopic polypectomy for this population. In this study, polypectomy was performed in 14 consecutive pacemaker patients to determine the safety of endoscopic polypectomy using high‐frequency current in patients with implanted cardiac devices.MethodsFourteen patients with gastrointestinal polyps and implanted cardiac devices were evaluated, and endoscopic polypectomy was performed. Continuous monitoring of heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation and electrocardiographic tracing was conducted. A trained cardiologist was present during the procedures. At the end of the procedures, the cardiac devices were reinterrogated to check for any changes.ResultsOur results showed that a total of 61 procedures in 14 patients were all successfully completed, and no abnormalities were identified during continuous monitoring. There were no statistically significant differences in the preoperation, intraoperation and postoperation data. None of the patients suffered any arrhythmias or functional disruption to their cardiac devices.ConclusionsEndoscopic polypectomy using high‐frequency current appears to be safe when performed in patients with pacemakers. However, larger multicentre studies are needed to confirm the safety of this procedure in this patient population.
Laparoscopic approach to a planned two‐stage hepatectomy for bilobar colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Kilburn Daniel James , Chiow Adrian Kah Heng , Lewin Joel , Kienzle Nicholas , Cavallucci David Joseph , Bryant Richard , O'Rourke Nicholas 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundThis report describes the technical aspects and outcomes of a laparoscopic approach in planned two‐stage liver resections for patients with bilobar colorectal cancer (CRC) liver‐only metastases.MethodsThis is a retrospective review of our database examining consecutive patients who underwent an initial first‐stage laparoscopic liver resection for CRC metastases, with a planned second‐stage resection from 2007 to 2013.ResultsSeven patients underwent an initial laparoscopic first stage with concurrent right portal vein ligation (RPVL) in two patients. Median operating time was 100 (60–170) min with a median blood loss of 100 (50–400) mL. Median length of stay was 3 (2–5) days. The remaining five patients required post‐operative right portal vein embolization (RPVE). All patients had significant hypertrophy of the future liver remnant (FLR) (future liver remnant volume (FLRV) >25%) and six patients subsequently had a successful open right hepatectomy with one attempted laparoscopically converted to open. Two patients had prolonged bile leaks after the second procedure. Three patients remained disease free, with median follow‐up of 34 (13–80) months. One patient had disease progression following RPVE precluding performance of second stage.ConclusionLaparoscopic first‐stage resection of tumours in the left liver can be safely combined with RPVL/RPVE to achieve adequate hypertrophy of the FLR, allowing subsequent right hepatectomy.