bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping of the exterior architecture of the mesocephalic canine brain
Authors: Al Aiyan Ahmad , Balan Rinsha , Ghebrehiwot Even , Mihreteab Yotam , Zerom Simona , Gebreigziabiher Senit , AlDarwich Adnan , Willingham Arve Lee , Kishore Uday 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDespite extensive studies published on the canine brain, inconsistencies and disagreements in the nomenclature and representation of various cerebral structures continue to exist. This study aimed to create a comprehensive mapping of the external architecture of the mesocephalic canine brain with a focus on the major gyri and sulci. Standardized dissection techniques were used on 20 ethically sourced brains obtained from 6 to 10-year-old dogs that were free of neurological disorders. Distinct gyri and sulci with unique locations and bordering structures were observed. Thus, it was possible to identify the often-ignored subprorean gyrus. In addition, this study was able to illustrate the unique locations and bordering structures of gyri and sulci. The findings can contribute to a consensus among researchers on the canine brain anatomy and assist in clarifying the inconsistencies in cerebral structure representation. Furthermore, the results of this study may hold significant implications for veterinary medicine and neuroscience and serve as a foundation for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for various neurological diseases in dogs. Our findings offer valuable insights into the unique evolutionary adaptations and specialized behaviors of the canine brain, thereby increasing awareness about the neural structures that enable dogs to demonstrate their unique traits.
Iterative embedding and reweighting of complex networks reveals community structure
Authors: Kovács Bianka , Kojaku Sadamori , Palla Gergely , Fortunato Santo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGraph embeddings learn the structure of networks and represent it in low-dimensional vector spaces. Community structure is one of the features that are recognized and reproduced by embeddings. We show that an iterative procedure, in which a graph is repeatedly embedded and its links are reweighted based on the geometric proximity between the nodes, reinforces intra-community links and weakens inter-community links, making the clusters of the initial network more visible and more easily detectable. The geometric separation between the communities can become so strong that even a very simple parsing of the links may recover the communities as isolated components with surprisingly high precision. Furthermore, when used as a pre-processing step, our embedding and reweighting procedure can improve the performance of traditional community detection algorithms.
Explaining the mechanisms behind niche dimensionality and light-driving species diversity based on functional traits
Authors: Ren Zhengwei , Zhao Wei , Chen Ning , Zhou Xiaolong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTwo prevalent ecological mechanisms, niche dimensionality and light asymmetry, may well explain species loss with fertilization gradients in grassland communities. Although there is still controversy surrounding the two competitive mechanisms that maintain species coexistence, few studies have examined the patterns of change in dissimilarity in species composition (β-diversity) and the relative explanatory contributions of plant functional traits to α- and β-diversity when multiple resources are added. To clarify this knowledge gap, we conducted a 6-year experiment of resource addition in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to assess how species richness and spatial β-diversity are affected by increasing numbers of added resources (NAR) and light limitation. Our results found that both NAR and light limitation led to decreased species richness, suggesting that niche dimensionality and light asymmetry may contribute equally to species loss, rather than either alone. Moreover, NAR is the primary factor responsible for the increase in β-diversity, which exhibits a negative relationship with species richness. Furthermore, the increase in height is the most likely explanation for β-diversity, while the increase in SLA is the most likely explanation for species richness, thereby indicating the changes in species richness and composition can be effectively explained by the response of certain morphological functional traits with the addition of multiple resources. Future research should focus on the complex interactions of different ecological mechanisms that contribute to the maintenance of biodiversity in grassland ecosystems all over the world.
Insight into catalytic effects of alkali metal salts addition on bamboo and cellulose pyrolysis
Authors: Chen Wei , Tao Xuan , Shi Xiaolei , Guo Wenjuan , Wang Yurou , Liu Biao , Yang Haiping 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAlkali metal compounds have vital influence on biomass pyrolysis conversion. In this study, cellulose, and bamboo catalytic pyrolysis with different alkali metal salts catalysts (KCl, K2SO4, K2CO3, NaCl, Na2SO4, and Na2CO3) were investigated in the fixed-bed reaction system. The effects of cations (K+ and Na+) and anions (Cl-, SO42−, and CO32-) on the evolution properties of biochar, bio-oil, and gas products were explored under both in-situ and ex-situ catalytic pyrolysis. Results showed that alkali metal salts facilitated the yields of biochar and gases at the expense of that of bio-oil. Alkali metal chloride and sulfate showed a weaker catalytic effect, while alkali metal carbonate greatly promoted the generation of gas products and increased the condensation degree of biochar. With the addition of K2CO3 and Na2CO3, cyclopentanones content was over 50% from cellulose catalytic pyrolysis, and phenols content (mainly alkylphenols) reached over 80% from bamboo catalytic pyrolysis. Moreover, solid-solid catalytic reactions with K2CO3 and Na2CO3 catalysts had an important role in strikingly promoting conversion of pyrolysis products, and the solid-solid and gas-solid catalytic reactions with alkali metal carbonate catalysts were stronger than those with alkali metal chloride and sulfate catalysts. Furthermore, the possible catalytic pyrolysis mechanism of alkali metal salts on biomass pyrolysis was proposed, which is important to the high-value utilization of biomass.
How mass spectrometry can be exploited to study AMPK
Authors: Rider Mark H. , Vertommen Didier , Johanns Manuel 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key regulator of metabolism and a recognised target for the treatment of metabolic diseases such as Type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we review how mass spectrometry (MS) can be used to study short-term control by AMPK via protein phosphorylation and long-term control due to changes in protein expression. We discuss how MS can quantify AMPK subunit levels in tissues from different species. We propose hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX)-MS to investigate molecular mechanisms of AMPK activation and thermoproteomic profiling (TPP) to assess off-target effects of pharmacological AMPK activators/inhibitors. Lastly, because large MS data sets are generated, we consider different approaches that can be used for their interpretation.
Validation of the Pediatric Spatial Hearing Questionnaire
Authors: Perreau Ann , Ou Hua , Bramley Amy , Aldridge Ella , Tyler Richard 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
Spatial hearing is necessary for adequate sound awareness and speech perception abilities; however, research indicates that children have difficulties on these spatial hearing tasks that affect functioning in their daily environment. The purpose of this study was to validate a pediatric version of the Spatial Hearing Questionnaire (P-SHQ) for determining binaural hearing benefits and spatial hearing ability in children.

Method:
We recruited parents and guardians of 68 children ages kindergarten through eighth grade to participate. Parents completed the P-SHQ, the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale–Parent version, and a demographic questionnaire. To determine the factor structure of the P-SHQ, we conducted an exploratory factor analysis and reliability was assessed by calculating correlation coefficients.

Results:
Three factors emerged during factor analysis: Factor 1 = sound localization, Factor 2 = speech-in-noise perception, and Factor 3 = speech perception in quiet. The P-SHQ has good internal consistency reliability (α = .97), and high item–total correlations were found. The correlation between scores from the P-SHQ questionnaire and the SSQ-Spatial subscale questionnaire provides evidence for the construct validity of the P-SHQ.

Conclusions:
The P-SHQ is a reliable and valid questionnaire to assess spatial hearing ability in children. This quick-to-administer tool can be incorporated into audiological care to determine the spatial hearing skills of a child and assist in counseling, making it a valuable assessment for hearing health care professionals.
Inefficient star formation in high Mach number environments
Authors: Brucy Noé , Hennebelle Patrick , Colman Tine , Klessen Ralf S. , Le Yhuelic Corentin 
Published: July 2024

Context. Predicting the star formation rate (SFR) in galaxies is crucial to understand their evolution and morphology. To do so requires a fine understanding of how dense structures of gas are created and collapse. In that, turbulence and gravity play a major role.Aims. Within the gravo-turbulent framework, we assume that turbulence shapes the interstellar medium (ISM), creating density fluctuations that, if gravitationally unstable, will collapse and form stars. The goal of this work is to quantify how different regimes of turbulence, characterized by the strength and compressibility of the driving, shape the density field. We are interested in the outcome in terms of SFR and how it compares with existing analytical models for the SFR.Methods. We ran a series of hydrodynamical simulations of turbulent gas. The simulations were first conducted without gravity, so that the density and velocity were shaped by the turbulence driving. Gravity was then switched on, and the SFR was measured and compared with analytical models. The physics included in these simulations was very close to the one assumed in the classical gravo-turbulent SFR analytical models, which makes the comparison straightforward.Results. We found that the existing analytical models convincingly agree with simulations at low Mach number, but we measure a much lower SFR in the simulation with a high Mach number. We develop, in a companion paper, an updated physically motivated SFR model that reproduces well the inefficient high Mach regime of the simulations.Conclusions. Our work demonstrates that accurate estimations of the turbulent-driven replenishment time of dense structures and the dense gas spatial distribution are necessary to correctly predict the SFR in the high Mach regime. The inefficient high-Mach regime is a possible explanation for the low SFR found in dense and turbulent environments such as the centre of our Milky Way and other galaxies.
Detection of maser emission at 183 and 380 GHz with ALMA in the gigamaser galaxy TXS 2226–184
Authors: Tarchi A. , Castangia P. , Surcis G. , Impellizzeri V. , Ladu E. , Bannikova E. Yu. 
Published: July 2024

Context. The low-ionization nuclear emission-line region (LINER) galaxy TXS 2226−184 is known to host a very luminous 22 GHz water maser, called a gigamaser at the time of its discovery. To date, the nature of this maser is still being debated, in particular, whether it is associated with a nuclear accretion disk or with an ejection component, namely a jet or an outflow originating in the active galactic nucleus.
Aims. We obtained multi-band (bands 5, 6, and 7) ALMA observations during Cycle 9, with the purpose of investigating the maser nature and the nuclear molecular material in the innermost region of the galaxy.
Methods. While the full data sets are still under study, a preliminary data reduction and analysis of the band 5 and 7 spectral line cubes presented in this Letter already offer a significant outcome.
Results. We observed bright, possibly maser emission from the water 183 GHz and 380 GHz transitions in TXS 2226−184. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first unambiguous detection (S/N ≥ 100) of 380 GHz maser emission in a known 22-GHz maser galaxy, and the first case where all three transitions are present in the same object. Emission features at both frequencies show a two-peaked line profile resembling that of the 22 GHz maser features. The millimeter/submillimeter emission originates from a region coincident, within the errors, with that of the 22 GHz.
Conclusions. The similarities in profile and position indicate that the emission at the three frequencies is likely produced by the same nuclear structure, although differences in line strengths and feature peak positions may hint at a slightly different physical conditions of the emitting gas. A comparison with the few megamaser sources studied at high enough detail and sharing similarities with the water lines in TXS 2226−184 favors a nature associated with the amplification of a bright nuclear continuum (from a jet or outflow) through dense and hot gas in front of the nucleus (e.g., a disk or torus); however, a more comprehensive analysis of the available data is necessary to better assess this scenario.
Handscupe: Ergonomische Handauflage bei Patient*innen mit
rheumatischen Erkrankungen – eine explorative Pilotstudie
Authors: Marinoska Tatjana , Triantafyllias Konstantinos , Dreher Matthias , Salih Liza , Schwarting Andreas 
Published: July 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Der „Handscupe“ ist eine ergonomische medizinische Handauflage,
welche zur Verbesserung von Handfunktion und Symptomen von Patient*innen mit
rheumatischen Erkrankungen entwickelt wurde.
Material und Methoden  Das Ziel dieser prospektiven, explorativen
Kohortenstudie zum Medizinprodukt „Handscupe“ war es, die klinische Relevanz für
rheumatologische Patient*innen zu erfassen. Der „Handscupe“ wurde von 30
Patient*innen während eines dreiwöchigen Rehabilitationsprogramms verwendet.
Folgende Parameter wurden dabei erfasst: objektive Maße der Handfunktion,
patientenerfasste Parameter (standardisierte Fragebögen) und subjektive
Zufriedenheit basierend auf einer visuellen Analogskala. Darüber hinaus wurden
bei jedem Termin Laborparameter und die Krankheitsaktivität bestimmt.
Ergebnisse Über alle untersuchten Krankheitsentitäten hinweg waren 97% der
Patient*innen zufrieden mit der Anwendung des „Handscupe“, obwohl weder die
Arthrosonographie noch die Krankheitsaktivitätsscore eindeutige Veränderungen
zeigten. Die Mehrheit der Patient*innen zeigte eine Zunahme der Handgriffstärke,
eine Schmerzlinderung, eine Verbesserung des allgemeinen Wohlbefindens und es
wurde eine Verbesserung des Handscan-Scores festgestellt.
Schlussfolgerung Diese explorative Studie zeigte einen klinisch relevanten
Nutzen der Verwendung des „Handscupe“ bei Patient*innen mit rheumatischen
Erkrankungen. Die klinische Umgebung in einer Rehabilitationsabteilung trug dazu
bei, die tägliche Anwendung und Compliance sicherzustellen. Die beobachteten
Effekte müssen jedoch aufgrund der gleichzeitig durchgeführten
multi-professionellen Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen mit Vorsicht interpretiert
werden. Daher ist eine bestätigende prospektive klinische Studie über die
Wirkungen geplant.
From the First Case Reports to KDM1A Identification: 35 Years
of Food (GIP)-Dependent Cushing’s Syndrome
Authors: Bouys Lucas , Bertherat Jérôme 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFood-dependent Cushing’s syndrome (FDCS) is a rare presentation of
hypercortisolism from adrenal origin, mostly observed in primary bilateral
macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PBMAH) but also in some cases of unilateral
adrenocortical adenoma. FDCS is mediated by the aberrant expression of
glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) receptor (GIPR) in adrenocortical
cells. GIP, secreted by duodenal K cells after food intake, binds to its ectopic
adrenal receptor, and stimulates cortisol synthesis following meals. FDCS was
first described more than 35 years ago, and its genetic cause in PBMAH has been
recently elucidated: KDM1A inactivation by germline heterozygous
pathogenic variants is constantly associated with a loss-of-heterozygosity of
the short arm of chromosome 1, containing the KDM1A locus. This causes
biallelic inactivation of KDM1A, resulting in the GIPR overexpression in
the adrenal cortex. These new insights allow us to propose the KDM1A
genetic screening to all PBMAH patients with signs of FDCS (low fasting cortisol
that increases after a mixed meal or oral glucose load) and to all first-degree
relatives of KDM1A variant carriers. Given that KDM1A is a tumor
suppressor gene that has also been associated with monoclonal gammopathy of
uncertain significance and multiple myeloma, the investigation of FDCS in the
diagnostic management of patients with PBMAH and further genetic testing and
screening for malignancies should be encouraged.
Outcome of 14-Day Sequential and Levofloxacin-Based Triple Regimen as the First-Line Therapy in Patients with Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Prospective Comparative Study from Southern Central Nepal
Authors: Ranjan Mukesh Kumar , Neupane Pradeep , Maharjan Bigyan , Shrestha Sabir Kumar , Yadav Roshan Kumar , Sharma Asha , Parajuli Sandesh Raman , Shrestha Sagun , Karki Samim , Gahatraj Sabita 
Published: July 2024

Background Helicobacter pylori eradication rates of the commonly used regimens vary among countries and even among different regions of the same country. We aimed to compare the eradication rate and safety of sequential therapy with levofloxacin-based triple therapy.
Methods A comparative single-center study was conducted between October 2022 and November 2023 after obtaining ethical approval. Patients in group A received 14 days of levofloxacin-based triple therapy and those in group B received 14 days of sequential therapy. The eradication of H. pylori was assessed 4 weeks after the completion of the assigned regimens. The data regarding adverse events were also recorded.
Results Among 150 patients (group A: 70, group B: 80) with mean age of 41.7 ± 15.0 years, 67 (44.6%) were male. The eradication was achieved in 65 (92.9%) in group A and 63 (78.8%) in group B, respectively (p = 0.01). All the patients in group A and 76 (95%) patients in group B had good compliance with medication. Adverse events were noticed in 7 (10%) in group A compared to 31 (38.7%) in group B (p < 0.001). The most common adverse events in group A and group B were drug-related diarrhea (3 [4.3%] vs. 11 [13.7%]), gastrointestinal intolerance (2 [2.8%] vs. 6 [7.5%]), and bad/metallic taste (1 [1.4%] vs. 22 [27.5%]). No serious adverse events were noted in both groups.
Conclusion Sequential therapy is significantly less effective and has more nonserious adverse events compared to levofloxacin-based triple therapy in eradication of H. pylori.
Computed Tomographic Measurement Method for Morphoanatomical Comparison of Femur, Tibia, and Patella in Cats with and without Medial Patellar Luxation
Authors: Santos Bruno , Shorten Eimear , Caron Alexandre , Arthurs Gareth , Maurin Marie-Pauline 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objectives The aims of this study are to describe a computed tomographic (CT) measurement method of feline femoral, tibial, and patellar conformation, and to compare these measurements between a cat population diagnosed with medial patellar luxation (MPL) and cats without MPL.
Materials and Methods Eleven measurements were performed by two observers, including anatomical lateral distal femoral angle (aLDFA), femoral trochlear width (FTW) and femoral trochlear depth (FTD), anteversion angle of the femoral neck, patellar length, patellar width, patellar height, patellar volume, mechanical medial proximal tibial angle, tibial torsion angle, and tibial tuberosity displacement. Mean and standard deviation differences between the groups were statistically assessed. Intraobserver and interobserver interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated.
Results The aLDFA was significantly higher in the MPL II compared with the control and MPL III. The FTW was significantly larger in the MPL III than in the control or the MPL II group. The FTD in the control group was significantly larger than in the MPL II and III groups. The TTA of the control group was significantly smaller than the MPL II and III. The intraobserver ICC was high at 64%, and the interobserver ICC was high at 36% of the measurements.
Clinical Significance This study identified shallower FTD and increased TTA in cats diagnosed with MPL. The TTA difference was less than 5 degrees and FTD was less than 1 mm. The findings provide information on feline pelvic limb morphology. However, the differences between the two populations are small.
Closed-loop control of microgripper system based on compliant mechanism
Authors: Wang Dongsheng , Zhao Yanru , Yang Huimeng , Hong Kunpeng 
Published: July 2024

A three-stage displacement amplification microgripper system based on compliant mechanisms was designed for microassembly and microoperation tasks. The static mechanical models of the microgripper system were established, and the mechanical characteristics of the output displacements, stresses, and strains of the microgripper system were comprehensively simulated and analyzed. It was demonstrated that the microgripper system demonstrated excellent leveling performance, with the stresses and strains being concentrated at the flexible hinges. Subsequently, the tracking control experiments of the finger displacement and gripping force of the microgripper system were conducted using sinusoidal signals, variable amplitude signals, and frequency signals. It was clearly illustrated that the dynamic performances of the microgripper system are remarkable, and the standard deviation of the tracking error of the finger displacement is no more than 0.2 µm, while that of the gripping force is 0.35 mN under closed-loop conditions. The designed microgripper system achieves accurate control of displacements and gripping forces, effectively fulfilling the requirements of high-precision microassembly tasks.
Extension of the lattice-based aggregation-volume-bias Monte Carlo approach to molecular crystals: Quantitative calculations on the thermodynamic stability of the urea polymorphs
Authors: Chen Bin 
Published: July 2024

Motivated by the recent success in using a latticed-based version of the aggregation-volume-bias Monte Carlo method to determine the thermodynamic stabilities of both bcc and fcc clusters formed by Lennard-Jones particles, this approach is extended to the calculation of the nucleation-free energies of solid clusters formed by urea at 300 K in two different polymorphs, i.e., form I and form IV. In addition to the lattice confinement, the constraint on the molecular orientation was found necessary to ensure that the clusters sampled in these simulations are in the corresponding form. A model that can reproduce the experimental properties such as density and lattice parameters of form I at ambient conditions is used in this study. From the size dependencies of the free energies obtained for a finite set of clusters studied, the free energies of clusters at other sizes, including an infinitely large cluster, were extrapolated. At the infinite size, equivalent to a bulk solid, form I was found to be more stable than form IV, which agrees with the experimental results. In addition, form I was found to be thermodynamically stable throughout the entire cluster size range investigated here, which contradicts the previous finding that small form I clusters are unstable from the crystal nucleation simulation studies.