bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sun‐induced fluorescence – a new probe of photosynthesis: First maps from the imaging spectrometer HyPlant
Authors: Rascher U. , Alonso L. , Burkart A. , Cilia C. , Cogliati S. , Colombo R. , Damm A. , Drusch M. , Guanter L. , Hanus J. , Hyvärinen T. , Julitta T. , Jussila J. , Kataja K. , Kokkalis P. , Kraft S. , Kraska T. , Matveeva M. , Moreno J. , Muller O. , Panigada C. , Pikl M. , Pinto F. , Prey L. , Pude R. , Rossini M. , Schickling A. , Schurr U. , Schüttemeyer D. , Verrelst J. , Zemek F. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractVariations in photosynthesis still cause substantial uncertainties in predicting photosynthetic CO2 uptake rates and monitoring plant stress. Changes in actual photosynthesis that are not related to greenness of vegetation are difficult to measure by reflectance based optical remote sensing techniques. Several activities are underway to evaluate the sun‐induced fluorescence signal on the ground and on a coarse spatial scale using space‐borne imaging spectrometers. Intermediate‐scale observations using airborne‐based imaging spectroscopy, which are critical to bridge the existing gap between small‐scale field studies and global observations, are still insufficient. Here we present the first validated maps of sun‐induced fluorescence in that critical, intermediate spatial resolution, employing the novel airborne imaging spectrometer HyPlant. HyPlant has an unprecedented spectral resolution, which allows for the first time quantifying sun‐induced fluorescence fluxes in physical units according to the Fraunhofer Line Depth Principle that exploits solar and atmospheric absorption bands. Maps of sun‐induced fluorescence show a large spatial variability between different vegetation types, which complement classical remote sensing approaches. Different crop types largely differ in emitting fluorescence that additionally changes within the seasonal cycle and thus may be related to the seasonal activation and deactivation of the photosynthetic machinery. We argue that sun‐induced fluorescence emission is related to two processes: (i) the total absorbed radiation by photosynthetically active chlorophyll; and (ii) the functional status of actual photosynthesis and vegetation stress.
Macroecological factors explain large‐scale spatial population patterns of ancient agriculturalists
Authors: Xu Chi , Chen Bin J. W. , Abades Sebastián , Reino Luís , Teng Shuqing , Ljungqvist Fredrik Charpentier , Huang Zheng Y. X. , Liu Maosong 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimIt has been well demonstrated that the large‐scale distribution patterns of numerous species are driven by similar macroecological factors. However, understanding of this topic remains limited when applied to our own species. Here we take a large‐scale look at ancient agriculturalist populations over the past two millennia. The main aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the patterns of agriculturalist populations were shaped by relevant macroecological factors.LocationChina.MethodsUsing detailed historical census data, we reconstructed spatial patterns of human population density over 13 imperial dynasties in ancient China, which was dominated by agrarian societies. We used simultaneous autoregressive models to examine the population densities of agriculturalists in relation to climatic, topographic, edaphic and hydrological variables, together with the spatial structure of a concentration of population toward national capitals. The pure and shared effects of these variables and the population‐concentration structure were decomposed using a variation partitioning procedure.ResultsSpatial population patterns of ancient agriculturalists can be well modelled by climate, topography, soil properties and local hydrological systems. A plausible explanation is that by influencing crop yield these environmental factors essentially drive the distribution of agriculturalists. The population‐concentration structure can also explain agriculturalist patterns to a considerable extent. This structure and those environmental factors have largely shared effects in simultaneously shaping these agriculturalist patterns.Main conclusionsWhile humans can effectively temper environmental constraints at small spatial scales, our results demonstrate that macroecological factors underpin the spatial patterns of humans at large scales. Macroecological constraints and their relative importance are found to be similar for humans and other species, suggesting that similar mechanisms are likely to underlie these macroecological patterns. Our findings have potential implications for the assessment of future responses of humans to global environmental changes.
Tobacco, Nicotine, and Headache
Authors: Taylor Frederick R. 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundMigraineurs variably attribute the cause of their headache to tobacco exposure, whereas tobacco is often stated to cause headache‐related disability worldwide. Given tobacco's physiological and emotional addictiveness and migraine's substantial economic impact, improved functionality can be difficult for those with migraine exposed to tobacco products. Environmental tobacco exposure in indoor spaces and workplaces is associated with exacerbation of headache. Avoidance of headache triggers is included in most comprehensive migraine treatment programs, yet tobacco awareness, avoidance, or coping is rarely emphasized as part of that regimen.ObjectiveThe aims of this study were to examine the various types of tobacco products to which headache sufferers are exposed and the known basic mechanisms by which tobacco (nicotine) exposure promotes headache pain, and to review the extensive literature on tobacco related to headache with a detailed descriptive narrative providing the basis for conclusions regarding association of noncluster headache‐related tobacco exposure. Tobacco‐related recommendations are offered.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases were searched without yearly restriction through the date of submission (May 2015), using the MeSH terms “tobacco,” “tobacco products,” “smoking,” “tobacco use,” “headache,” and “headache disorders.” The selection of articles was not limited to English studies or to humans. Articles were excluded when “headache” and “tobacco” were not both mentioned with data provided. Case series were included. Bibliographies of all articles were screened for additional relevant articles.ResultsAlthough migraineurs worldwide report tobacco smoke among triggers, it is rarely among the highest in frequency, and biases abound with predominantly noncontrolled retrospective data. Prospective population‐based diary data are extremely limited, and no controlled trials exist to confirm a cause and effect for headache of any type. Although some studies are nonsupportive and even conflicting, headache, pain, and tobacco exposure currently remain associated.ConclusionConflicting data support the validity of patient‐reported environmental tobacco exposure as a headache trigger. Prospective controlled studies are needed, but unlikely to be performed, to determine the extent that tobacco influences the headache process, in addition to other under‐recognizedfactors. Meanwhile, because of numerous other negative health effects, decreased tobacco exposure should be recommended to headache patients of all ages in hopes of decreasing disability and improving functionality.
First case report of staghorn calculi successfully removed by mini‐endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery in a 2‐year‐old boy
Authors: Taguchi Kazumi , Hamamoto Shuzo , Okada Atsushi , Mizuno Kentaro , Tozawa Keiichi , Hayashi Yutaro , Kohri Kenjiro , Yasui Takahiro 
Published: July 2015

AbstractLess‐invasive therapy for pediatric urolithiasis is available due to the miniaturization of equipment and improved optics; however, surgical treatment strategies, especially for large calculi, remain controversial. We describe here our experience of treating a 2‐year‐old boy with left renal staghorn calculi with a single session of mini‐endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery in the prone split‐leg position with pre‐ureteral stenting and the directional enhanced flow imaging ultrasound technique. This is the first report of successful pediatric mini‐endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery without any major complications. We believe this technique provides an important therapeutic option for large renal calculus in pediatric patients.
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Bias on Isotope Ratios in Dolomite–Ankerite, Part I: δ18O Matrix Effects
Authors: Śliwiński Maciej G. , Kitajima Kouki , Kozdon Reinhard , Spicuzza Michael J. , Fournelle John H. , Denny Adam , Valley John W. 
Published: July 2015

We document the development of a suite of carbonate mineral reference materials for calibrating SIMS determinations of δ18O in samples with compositions along the dolomite–ankerite solid solution series [CaMg(CO3)2–CaFe(CO3)2]. Under routine operating conditions for the analysis of carbonates for δ18O with a CAMECA IMS 1280 instrument (at WiscSIMS, University of Wisconsin‐Madison), the magnitude of instrumental bias along the dolomite–ankerite series decreased exponentially by ~ 10‰ with increasing Fe content in the dolomite structure, but appeared insensitive to minor Mn substitution [< 2.6 mol% Mn/(Ca+Mg+Fe+Mn)]. The compositional dependence of bias (i.e., the sample matrix effect) was calibrated using the Hill equation, which relates bias to the Fe# of dolomite–ankerite [i.e., molar Fe/(Mg+Fe)] for thirteen reference materials (Fe# = 0.004–0.789); for calibrations employing either 10 or 3 μm diameter spot size measurements, this yielded residual values ≤ 0.3–0.4‰ relative to CRM NBS 19 for most reference materials in the suite. Analytical precision was ± 0.3‰ (2s, standard deviations) for 10‐μm spots and ± 0.7‰ (2s) for 3‐μm spots, based on the spot‐to‐spot repeatability of a drift monitor material that ‘bracketed’ each set of ten sample‐spot analyses. Analytical uncertainty for individual sample analyses was approximated by a combination of precision and calibration residual values (propagated in quadrature), suggesting an uncertainty of ± 0.5‰ (2s) for 10‐μm spots and ± 1‰ (2s) for 3‐μm spots.
Genetics of cardiovascular and renal complications in diabetes
Authors: Ma Ronald CW 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe development of debilitating complications represents a major heathcare burden associated with the treatment of diabetes. Despite advances in new therapies for controlling hyperglycemia, the burden associated with diabetic complications remains high, especially in relation to cardiovascular and renal complications. Furthermore, an increasing proportion of patients develop type 2 diabetes at a younger age, putting them at higher risk of developing complications as a result of the increased exposure to hyperglycemia. Diabetes has become the main contributing cause to end‐stage renal disease in most countries. Although there has been important breakthroughs in our understanding of the genetics of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, bringing important insights towards the pathogenesis of diabetes, there has been comparatively less progress in our understanding of the genetic basis of diabetic complications. Genome‐wide association studies are beginning to expand our understanding of the genetic architecture relating to diabetic complications. Improved understanding of the genetic basis of diabetic cardiorenal complications might provide an opportunity for improved risk prediction, as well as the development of new therapies.
Effect of Avishane Shirazi (Zataria Multiflora) and Clove (Syzygium Aromaticum) Essential Oils on Microbiological, Chemical and Sensory Properties of Ground Sheep Meat During Refrigerated Storage
Authors: Aliakbarlu Javad , Khalili Sadaghiani Surur 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to examine the efficacy of Avishane shirazi (AEO) and clove (CEO) essential oils in controlling the microbial growth as well as in inhibiting the lipid oxidation and metmyoglobin (MetMb) formation in ground sheep meat during refrigerated storage. Total mesophilic counts (TMC), lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts, coliform counts, yeast counts and Listeria counts were determined. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values, MetMb and sensory attributes (color, odor and overall acceptability) were also evaluated. The greatest effect of AEO was found in controlling the growth of LAB (1.2–3.4 log cycles) and coliforms (1–2.5 log cycles). The inhibitory effects of oils on TMC and yeast counts were minor, while both oils had strong and similar inhibitory effects on the Listeria populations. AEO significantly retarded lipid oxidation and inhibited MetMb formation. AEO and CEO had a noticeable effect on odor and color attributes of ground sheep meat, respectively. Both oils, particularly AEO, could help control the microbial growth and inhibit chemical changes in ground sheep meat during refrigerated storage.Practical ApplicationsSheep meat is widely consumed in Iran and other Middle East countries. It is one of the major items providing protein in Iranian diet. There are several strategies to preserve meat and meat products. One of the most popular approaches for meat preservation is adding essential oils (EOs) to meat and meat products. The results of the present study showed that the EOs of Avishane shirazi and clove inhibited spoilage flora and retarded lipid oxidation in ground sheep meat. Then, both EOs can be considered as effective natural preservatives for sheep meat.
Metabolic Burden and Disease and Mortality Risk Associated with Impaired Fasting Glucose in Elderly Adults
Authors: Samaras Katherine , Crawford John , Lutgers Helen L. , Campbell Lesley V. , Baune Bernhard T. , Lux Ora , Brodaty Henry , Trollor Julian N. , Sachdev Perminder 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesTo examine whether impaired fasting glucose (IFG) represents an intermediary condition between normal fasting glucose and diabetes mellitus and, specifically, whether elderly adults with IFG have higher disease burden, cardiovascular risk, and systemic inflammation and higher 2‐year mortality and incident disease.DesignProspective observational study.SettingPopulation‐derived cohort.ParticipantsIndividuals with a mean age of 78.6 ± 4.7 (N = 945).MeasurementsDisease was ascertained using a standardized questionnaire at baseline and 2 years. Fasting metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative metabolism markers were measured. Disease prevalence, cardiovascular risk, and biochemical markers were compared to determine disease burden and metabolic disturbances in IFG. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for 2‐year all‐cause mortality and incident disease were determined.ResultsIFG prevalence was 41%. Individuals with IFG had higher baseline rates of heart disease than those with normal fasting glucose (NFG), similar to that in individuals with diabetes mellitus. IFG was characterized by higher inflammatory markers and oxidative metabolism end products and was an intermediary between NFG and diabetes mellitus for triglycerides and malondialdehyde. Discriminant analysis showed that IFG was independently associated with stroke and higher triglycerides and oxidative stress. Two‐year all‐cause mortality was 3.9%. The 2‐year adjusted ORs for all‐cause mortality, incident cardiac disease, stroke, and cancer were similar between IFG and NFG, using both American Diabetes Association and World Health Organization IFG criteria. IFG did not predict secondary cardiac events, stroke, or cancer.ConclusionIFG was an intermediary condition for heart disease, inflammation, and oxidative stress in elderly adults but not for 2‐year incident disease or all‐cause mortality. Longer‐term prospective studies are needed to clarify whether IFG in elderly adults portends greater morbidity and mortality.
Mental Health Care Delivered to Younger and Older Adults by Office‐Based Physicians Nationally
Authors: Maust Donovan T. , Kales Helen C. , Blow Frederic C. 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesTo compare the provision of mental health care to older adults with that provided to younger adults.DesignAnalysis of the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey.SettingVisits to office‐based physicians in the United States, 2007 to 2010 (n = 100,661 visits).ParticipantsIndividuals with an outpatient visit resulting in a mental health diagnosis or treatment, defined as a visit resulting in a mental disorder diagnosis, at which a psychotropic medication was prescribed, to a psychiatrist, or including psychotherapy.MeasurementsThe number of each type of mental healthcare visit was estimated according to participant age (21 to 64, ≥65), along with the percentage this represented of all office‐based care and the annual visit rate per 100 population. Within each visit type, age groups were compared according to clinical and demographic characteristics such as sex, diagnosed mental illness, and use of psychotropic agents.ResultsOlder adults had a smaller proportion than younger adults of visits with a mental disorder diagnosis (4.8% vs 9.5%, chi‐square = 228.21, P < .001), to a psychiatrist (0.9% vs 4.0%, chi‐square = 233.76, P < .001), and including psychotherapy (0.6% vs 2.3%, chi‐square = 57.65, P < .001). The percentage of older adult psychotropic visits was slightly smaller than of younger adult visits (18.1% vs 19.2%, chi‐square = 5.33, P = .02). Older adults had a higher rate of psychotropic visits (121.4 per 100 population) than younger adults (56.8 per 100 population).ConclusionLess care of older adults is from psychiatrists or incorporates psychotherapy. Older adults have a far higher rate of psychotropic use than younger adults on a per‐population basis. Addressing the mental healthcare needs of older adults will require care in nonspecialty settings.
Driving Errors in Persons with Dementia
Authors: Barco Peggy P. , Baum Carolyn M. , Ott Brian R. , Ice Steven , Johnson Ann , Wallendorf Michael , Carr David B. 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesTo differentiate driving errors in persons with dementia who fail a performance‐ based road test from errors in persons who pass.DesignCross‐sectional.SettingCommunity.ParticipantsActive drivers diagnosed with dementia (n = 60) and older adult controls (n = 32).MeasurementAll participants completed a standardized clinical and on‐road driving assessment. The outcome variable was the number and types of driving errors according to the Record of Driving Errors (RODE), a standardized tool to record driving errors.ResultsSixty‐two percent (n = 37) of individuals with dementia and 3% (n = 1) of controls failed the road test. Based on the RODE, individuals with dementia made twice as many driving errors as healthy controls. Within the dementia sample, individuals who failed the road test had more difficulties driving straight and making left and right turns than during lane changes. Dangerous actions occurred most often while driving straight and making left turns. Specific driving behaviors associated with road test failure in the sample with dementia included difficulties in lane positioning and usage, stopping the vehicle appropriately, attention, decision‐making, and following rules of the road. Informants of participants with dementia who failed the road test reported more impairment with cognitive functioning on the Assessing Dementia 8 Screening Interview (AD8).ConclusionThis report highlights the driving errors most common in people with dementia who fail a road test. The finding that most of the dangerous actions in the sample with dementia occurred while driving straight condition is novel. Driving on straight roads has not been considered a condition of “high challenge” in prior driving studies in individuals with dementia. This finding has potential implications for future interventions related to vehicle instrumentation and driving recommendations for people with dementia.
Voice Changes in Elderly Adults: Prevalence and the Effect of Social, Behavioral, and Health Status on Voice Quality
Authors: Ryu Chang Hwan , Han Seungbong , Lee Moo‐Song , Kim Sang Yoon , Nam Soon Yuhl , Roh Jong‐Lyel , Ryu Junsun , Jung Yuh‐S , Choi Seung‐Ho 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of dysphonia and the effect of several risk factors on vocal quality in a representative population of older adults.DesignCross‐sectional.SettingKorea.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 65 and older who underwent laryngoscopy from 2008 to 2010 (N = 3,759).MeasurementsThe prevalence of dysphonia and the effect of potential risk factors on voice quality in elderly adults were measured.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 72.4. The prevalence of dysphonia was 8.5% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 7.4–9.8). There was no significant difference in prevalence according to age. Multivariable analysis after adjusting for age, sex, vocal fold disease, and all variables that were identified in the univariate analysis revealed that urban residence (odds ratio (OR) = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.11–3.04), underweight (OR = 2.79, 95% CI = 1.45–5.38) or normal weight (OR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.03–2.59), poor (OR = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.19–3.34) or intermediate (OR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.15–3.78) subjective health status, asthma (OR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.12–3.86), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR = 2.49, 95% CI = 1.10–5.62), thyroid disease (OR = 3.08, 95% CI = 1.50–6.34), and vocal fold disease (OR = 3.72, 95% CI = 2.16–6.42) were independently associated with dysphonia in elderly adults.ConclusionThis study provides valuable information regarding the prevalence of dysphonia and the risk factors that contribute to vocal quality in older adults. These factors are mostly associated with social, behavioral, and underlying health status variables. Multidisciplinary treatment should be considered to improve voice conditions in elderly adults.
Revealing local variations in nanoparticle size distributions in supported catalysts: a generic TEM specimen preparation method
Authors: PINGEL TORBEN , SKOGLUNDH MAGNUS , GRÖNBECK HENRIK , OLSSON EVA 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThe specimen preparation method is crucial for how much information can be gained from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies of supported nanoparticle catalysts. The aim of this work is to develop a method that allows for observation of size and location of nanoparticles deposited on a porous oxide support material. A bimetallic Pt‐Pd/Al2O3catalyst in powder form was embedded in acrylic resin and lift‐out specimens were extracted using combined focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM). These specimens allow for a cross‐section view across individual oxide support particles, including the unaltered near surface region of these particles. A site‐dependent size distribution of Pt‐Pd nanoparticles was revealed along the radial direction of the support particles by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) imaging. The developed specimen preparation method enables obtaining information about the spatial distribution of nanoparticles in complex support structures which commonly is a challenge in heterogeneous catalysis.