bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring physical activity experiences of community‐dwelling oldest‐old adults with chronic multimorbidity: A qualitative study
Authors: López‐Novis Irene , Marques‐Sule Elena , Deka Pallav , Dobarrio‐Sanz Iria , Klompstra Leonie , Hernández‐Padilla José Manuel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimTo explore the physical activity experiences of community‐dwelling oldest‐old adults with chronic multimorbidity.DesignDescriptive qualitative study.MethodData collection was conducted through semi‐structured interviews with 19 community‐dwelling oldest‐old adults with chronic multimorbidity. The study was conducted between December 2022 and May 2023. ATLAS.ti software was used for data analysis.ResultsThree main themes with their respective sub‐themes and units of meaning were developed from the data analysis: (1) motivational factors for engaging in physical activity; (2) fear of getting hurt during physical activity and (3) confidence in being physically active.ConclusionMotivation, kinesiophobia and confidence are three core elements that influence the experience of physical activity in oldest‐old adults with chronic multimorbidity. Interventions tailored to meet the needs of the oldest‐old adults are important for promotion and development of active ageing.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareNurses and other healthcare professionals should design, implement and evaluate interventions that aim to increase oldest‐old adults' motivation and confidence, while decreasing their fear to engage in physical activity.ImpactThis study provides insights into the way community‐dwelling oldest‐old adults with chronic multimorbidity experience physical activity in their daily lives. Our findings suggest that motivation, kinesiophobia and confidence are key factors for oldest‐old adults to engage in physical activity. These findings could contribute to the design and implementation of interventions that specifically aim at raising the physical activity levels of community‐dwelling oldest‐old adults with chronic multimorbidity.Reporting MethodThe study findings are reported according to the COREQ guidelines.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
3,3′,4,5′‐Tetramethoxy‐trans‐stilbene and 3,4′,5‐trimethoxy‐trans‐stilbene prevent oxygen–glucose deprivation‐induced injury in brain endothelial cell
Authors: Zhou Chunxiu , Zhou Yan , Vong Chi Teng , Khan Haroon , Cheang Wai San 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBlood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption is a major pathophysiological event of ischemic stroke. Brain microvascular endothelial cells are critical to maintain homeostasis between central nervous system and periphery. Resveratrol protects against ischemic stroke. 3,3′,4,5′‐tetramethoxy‐trans‐stilbene (3,3′,4,5′‐TMS) and 3,4′,5‐trimethoxy‐trans‐stilbene (3,4′,5‐TMS) are resveratrol derivatives with addition of methoxy groups, showing better pharmacokinetic performance. We aimed to explore their protective effects and underlying mechanisms. Oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) model was applied in bEnd.3 cell line, mouse brain microvascular endothelium to mimic ischemia. The cells were pre‐treated with 3,3′,4,5′‐TMS or 3,4′,5‐TMS (1 and 5 μM, 24 h) and then subjected to 2‐h OGD injury. Cell viability, levels of proinflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and protein expressions were measured by molecular assays and fluorescence staining. OGD injury triggered cell death, inflammatory responses, ROS production and nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) signalling pathway. These impairments were remarkably attenuated by the two stilbenes, 3,3′,4,5′‐TMS and 3,4′,5‐TMS. They also alleviated endothelial barrier injuries through upregulating the expression of tight junction proteins. Moreover, 3,3′,4,5′‐TMS and 3,4′,5‐TMS activated 5′ adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Overall, 3,3′,4,5′‐TMS and 3,4′,5‐TMS exert protective effects against OGD damage through suppressing cell death, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, as well as BBB disruption on bEnd.3 cells.
Ophiopogonin D′ inhibited tumour growth and metastasis of anaplastic thyroid cancer by modulating JUN/RGS4 signalling
Authors: Xu Tong , Zhang Wanli , Zhang Yiwen , Song Feifeng , Huang Ping 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAnaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), an aggressive malignancy with virtually 100% disease‐specific mortality, has long posed a formidable challenge in oncology due to its resistance to conventional treatments and the severe side effects associated with current regimens such as doxorubicin chemotherapy. Consequently, there was urgent need to identify novel candidate compounds that could provide innovative therapeutic strategies for ATC. Ophiopogonin D′ (OPD'), a triterpenoid saponin extracted, yet its roles in ATC has not been reported. Our data demonstrated that OPD' potently inhibited proliferation and metastasis of ATC cells, promoting cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Remarkably, OPD' impeded growth and metastasis of ATC in vitro and in vivo, displaying an encouraging safety profile. Regulator of G‐protein signalling 4 (RGS4) expression was significantly up‐regulated in ATC compared to normal tissues, and this upregulation was suppressed by OPD' treatment. Mechanistically, we elucidated that the transcription factor JUN bound to the RGS4 promoter, driving its transactivation. However, OPD' interacted with JUN, attenuating its transcriptional activity and thereby disrupting RGS4 overexpression. In summary, our research revealed that OPD' bound with JUN, which in turn resulted in the suppression of transcriptional activation of RGS4, thereby eliciting cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in ATC cells. These findings could offer promise in the development of high‐quality candidate compounds for treatment in ATC.
Effect of metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease on BNT162b2 immunogenicity against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 omicron variant
Authors: Lam Lok Ka , Tan Jing Tong , Ooi Poh Hwa , Zhang Ruiqi , Chan Kwok Hung , Mao Xianhua , Hung Ivan F N , Seto Wai Kay , Yuen Man Fung , Cheung Ka Shing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and AimWe aimed to investigate the effect of metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) on three‐dose BNT162b2 immunogenicity to the omicron variant.MethodsAdult recipients of three doses of BNT162b2 were prospectively recruited between May and December 2021. The serology of the neutralizing antibody by live virus microneutralization (vMN) to the omicron variant was measured at baseline, day 180, and day 360 after the first dose. The primary outcome was seroconversion (vMN titer ≥ 10) at day 360. Exposure of interest was MASLD, defined as hepatic steatosis (controlled attenuation parameter ≥ 248 dB/m on transient elastography) plus at least one of five cardiometabolic risk factors. Subjects with prior COVID‐19 were excluded. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to derive the adjusted odds ratio of seroconversion with MASLD by adjusting for age, sex, antibiotic use, and proton pump inhibitor use.ResultsOne hundred forty‐eight BNT162b2 recipients (male: 48 [32.4%]; median age: 51.0 years [interquartile range, IQR: 44.5–57.3]) were recruited. The median time from the first dose to the third dose was 8.5 months (IQR: 7.9–8.9). MASLD subjects had a lower seroconversion rate than non‐MASLD ones (89.6% vs 99.0%; P = 0.007). MASLD was the only independent risk factor for seroconversion (adjusted odds ratio: 0.051, 95% confidence interval: 0.002–0.440). Subgroup analysis of immunogenicity at 4 months after the third dose shows significantly lower vMN titer (13.06 [IQR: 7.69–22.20] vs 33.49 [IQR: 24.05–46.53]; P = 0.004) and seroconversion rate (76.9% vs 97.4%; P = 0.016) in MASLD than non‐MASLD subjects, but not within 4 months from the third dose (vMN titer: 46.87 [IQR: 33.12–66.02] vs 41.86 [IQR: 34.47–50.91], P = 0.240; seroconversion rate: 94.3% vs 100%, P = 0.131).ConclusionMetabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease was a risk factor for poorer immunogenicity to the omicron variant, with a more pronounced waning effect compared among three‐dose BNT162b2 recipients.
Phylotranscriptomic and ecological analyses reveal the evolution and morphological adaptation of Abies
Authors: Wei Zhou‐Rui , Jiao Dan , Wehenkel Christian Anton , Wei Xiao‐Xin , Wang Xiao‐Quan 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTConiferous forests are under severe threat of the rapid anthropogenic climate warming. Abies (firs), the fourth‐largest conifer genus, is a keystone component of the boreal and temperate dark‐coniferous forests and harbors a remarkably large number of relict taxa. However, the uncertainty of the phylogenetic and biogeographic history of Abies significantly impedes our prediction of future dynamics and efficient conservation of firs. In this study, using 1,533 nuclear genes generated from transcriptome sequencing and a complete sampling of all widely recognized species, we have successfully reconstructed a robust phylogeny of global firs, in which four clades are strongly supported and all intersectional relationships are resolved, although phylogenetic discordance caused mainly by incomplete lineage sorting and hybridization was detected. Molecular dating and ancestral area reconstruction suggest a Northern Hemisphere high‐latitude origin of Abies during the Late Cretaceous, but all extant firs diversified during the Miocene to the Pleistocene, and multiple continental and intercontinental dispersals took place in response to the late Neogene climate cooling and orogenic movements. Notably, four critically endangered firs endemic to subtropical mountains of China, including A. beshanzuensis, A. ziyuanensis, A. fanjingshanensis and A. yuanbaoshanensis from east to west, have different origins and evolutionary histories. Moreover, three hotspots of species richness, including western North America, central Japan, and the Hengduan Mountains, were identified in Abies. Elevation and precipitation, particularly precipitation of the coldest quarter, are the most significant environmental factors driving the global distribution pattern of fir species diversity. Some morphological traits are evolutionarily constrained, and those linked to elevational variation (e.g., purple cone) and cold resistance (e.g., pubescent branch and resinous bud) may have contributed to the diversification of global firs. Our study sheds new light on the spatiotemporal evolution of global firs, which will be of great help to forest management and species conservation in a warming world.
Neuropsychology and Politics Collide in the 2024 US Presidential Election: Pitfalls of attacks on age, language, and memory
Authors: Reilly Jamie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPublic perception of dementia has emerged as a key factor in the 2024 United States presidential election. The first televised presidential debate (27 June 2024) evoked a groundswell of concern about the neuropsychological health and political viability of President Joseph R. Biden, Jr. A rapid erosion of public support ensued, culminating in the collapse of the reelection campaign the following month. Political attacks on the cognitive fitness of world leaders create dissonance for clinical neuroscientists. We are ethically prohibited from remotely diagnosing public figures. Yet, we are also citizens with the right to feel and express personal concerns. In this commentary, I will address an often‐uneasy relationship between politics and neuropsychology with a focus on the history and rationale for ethical guidelines such as the Goldwater Rule. I will also discuss lessons learned from recent events in the 2024 US election cycle about neurological health literacy (e.g. How is dementia diagnosed?) and broader impacts of age‐based political attacks on global public health initiatives that target stigma reduction and improved early detection of dementia.
A longitudinal study of the role of fingers in the development of early number and arithmetic skills in children with Apert syndrome
Authors: Hilton Caroline 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper discusses a longitudinal study with children with Apert syndrome aged between 4 and 11 years. There has long been an interest in the role of fingers in the development of early number skills and arithmetic. As children with Apert syndrome are born with complex fusions of their fingers, they have to undergo several surgical procedures in order to obtain individuated fingers. This has implications for their finger mobility and finger awareness. It has been suggested that children with Apert syndrome have specific difficulties with early number and arithmetic activities. The findings from this study suggest that engaging children with Apert syndrome in activities that develop finger awareness (finger gnosis) and finger mobility (fine motor skills) may have a positive impact on their ability to engage with appropriate mathematics curricula at school. This is relevant to all those involved in the care of children with Apert syndrome and will be of particular relevance to those involved in early childhood and primary education. This study also provides new insights into the role of finger use in the development of skills and understanding in early number and arithmetic.
The condition of hair follicles produced by different punching methods during FUE surgery
Authors: Kim Jino , Ko Yong‐Uk , Yi Kyu‐Ho 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundAchieving successful outcomes in hair transplant surgery involves various critical factors, including donor area harvesting, graft survival, and minimizing post‐operative complications. This study investigates the differences in grafts obtained using the rotary and oscillatory punch methods during follicular unit extraction (FUE) surgery.MethodsThe study involved 15 patients undergoing FUE. Four 4 × 6 cm2 areas in two rows were selected for each patient, with each row utilizing a different punch method (rotary or oscillatory). The grafts were extracted and examined under a microscope, classified into single, double single, double, and triple categories. The total yield rate and average number of hairs per graft were measured and compared.ResultsThe average number of hair follicles per graft was 2.029 for the rotary method and 2.084 for the oscillatory method, indicating no statistically significant difference. However, the total yield rate was 88.3% for the rotary group and 90.5% for the oscillatory group, with the difference being statistically significant. In selected cases with soft scalps or deeper punch requirements, the oscillatory method showed significantly better results, with an average of 2.078 hairs per graft compared to 1.836 for the rotary method. The total yield rate in these cases was 91% for oscillatory and 86% for rotary.ConclusionWhile the overall differences between rotary and oscillatory punches are minimal, the oscillatory punch is significantly more effective in cases with soft scalps or deeper punch requirements. Adhering to a structured guideline before extraction can help reduce the transection rate and increase the number of hairs per graft.
Commentary on: Factors influencing foot care behaviour among patients with diabetes: An integrative literature review by Woo MWJ, CUI J (2023)
Authors: Delbene Lara , Zanini Milko , Catania Gianluca , Aleo Giuseppe , Bagnasco Annamaria 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe review by Woo et al. reports on factors influencing behaviour in the care of the diabetic foot, wich are common in diabetic patients and have a high risk of infection and amputation. To improve patient's knowledge and education on foot care, this commentary proposes the Barrows cards as an innovative user‐friendly educational method. Conclusion and implications for profession and patient care: adapting these cards to adult diabetic patients could prevent future complications, improving quality of life and reduce the risks associated with diabetes. No patient or public contribution.
Team informational resources, information elaboration, and team innovation: Diversity mindset moderating functional diversity and boundary spanning scouting effects
Authors: van Knippenberg Daan , Li Jia , Tu Yidong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe knowledge integration perspective on team innovation holds that information elaboration – the exchange, discussion, and integration of task‐relevant information and perspectives – is the core team process driving team innovation. Factors reflecting the informational resources the team can draw on through information elaboration therefore are important influences on team innovation. In this respect, team innovation research points to team functional diversity and to team boundary spanning scouting to acquire information from outside the team. Team innovation research also makes clear that informational resources (as reflected in functional diversity and boundary spanning scouting) do not guarantee team information elaboration, and that identifying moderation in this relationship is particularly valuable. Building on this state of the science, we focus on the moderating role of the team diversity mindset – members' shared understanding of the importance of information elaboration for team performance – in the relationships of team functional diversity and boundary spanning scouting with information elaboration and team innovation. A multi‐wave and multi‐source survey of N = 215 teams involved in knowledge work in various Chinese organizations supported our research model for team boundary spanning scouting but not for team functional diversity.
Comparing microstructural and micromechanical deformation of the TMJ disc in two anterior disc displacement models
Authors: Zhou Jiahao , Ren Rong , Zhan Yanjing , Song Ning , Zhu Songsong , Jiang Nan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveAnterior disc displacement (ADD) has been used to establish temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) models. Based on whether preserve of the retrodiscal attachment, the modelling methodologies include ADD with dissecting the retrodiscal attachment (ADDwd) and ADD without dissecting the retrodiscal attachment (ADDwod). This article aims to determine which model better matches the micromechanical and microstructural progression of TMD.MethodsThrough meticulous microscopic observations, the microstructure and micromechanical deformation of the TMJ discs in ADDwd and ADDwod rabbit models were compared at 2 and 20 weeks.ResultScanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy showed that collagen fibres became slenderized and straightened, collagen fibrils lost diameter and arrangement in the ADDwd group at 2 weeks. Meanwhile, nanoindentation and atomic electron microscopy showed that the micro‐ and nano‐ mechanical properties decreased dramatically. However, the ADDwod group exhibited no significant microstructure and micromechanical deformations at 2 weeks. Dissection of the retrodiscal attachment contribute in the acceleration of disease progression at the early stage, the devastating discal phenotype remained fundamentally the same within the two models at 20 weeks.ConclusionADDwod models, induced stable and persistent disc deformation, therefore, can better match the progression of TMD. While ADDwd models can be considered for experiments which aim to obtain advanced phenotype in a short time.
Structural MRI findings in the brain related to pain distribution in chronic overlapping pain conditions: An explorative case–control study in females with fibromyalgia, temporomandibular disorder‐related chronic pain and pain‐free controls
Authors: Lam Julia , Mårtensson Johan , Westergren Hans , Svensson Peter , Sundgren Pia C. , Alstergren Per 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundFew neuroimaging studies have investigated structural brain differences associated with variations in pain distribution.ObjectiveTo explore structural differences of the brain in fibromyalgia (FM), temporomandibular disorder pain (TMD) and healthy pain‐free controls (CON) using structural and diffusion MRI.MethodsA case–control exploratory study with three study groups with different pain distribution were recruited: FM (n = 16; mean age [standard deviation]: 44 [14] years), TMD (n = 17, 39 [14] years) and CON (n = 10, 37 [14] years). Participants were recruited at the University Dental Clinic in Malmö, Sweden. T1‐weighted and diffusion MRIs were acquired, clinical and psychosocial measures were obtained. Main outcome measures were subcortical volume, cortical thickness, white matter microstructure and whole brain grey matter intensity.ResultsPatients with FM had smaller volume in the right thalamus than patients with TMD (p = .020) and CON (p = .030). The right thalamus volume was negatively correlated to pain intensity (r = −0.37, p = .022) and pain‐related disability (r = −0.45, p = .004). The FM group had lower cortical thickness in the right anterior prefrontal cortex than CON (p = .005). Cortical thickness in this area was negatively correlated to pain intensity (r [37] = − 0.48, p = .002).ConclusionsThis study suggests that thalamus grey matter alterations are associated with FM and TMD, and that anterior prefrontal cortex grey matter alterations are associated with FM but not TMD. Studies on chronic overlapping pain conditions are needed in relation to possible nociplastic pain mechanisms in the brain and central nervous system.
Effects of spinal mobilisation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Küçük Eylem , Öten Erol , Coşkun Gürsoy 
Published: August 2024

AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of spinal mobilisation on curvature magnitude, angle of trunk rotation (ATR) and pulmonary function in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).MethodsConducted as a double‐blind randomised controlled trial, the study included 40 patients with AIS (Cobb angles 10°–25°) randomised to experimental (n = 20; female = 12, male = 8; age = 12.9 ± 1.8 mean ± SD) and control (n = 20; female = 13, male = 7; age = 12.85 ± 1.81 mean ± SD) groups. The experimental group received spinal mobilisation for 30 min per session followed by 60 min of core stabilisation exercises (CSE), twice a week for 10 weeks. The control group received CSE only at the same frequency and duration. Evaluation of Cobb angle, ATR and pulmonary function tests (PEF: Peak Expiratory Flow, FEV1: Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s, FVC: Forced Vital Capacity, and FEV1/FVC: Tiffeneau index) were performed at baseline and after the intervention.ResultsBoth groups showed significant improvements in Cobb angle, ATR, PEF and FVC, with the experimental group showing significantly greater improvements in Cobb angle (−7.65 ± 3.17) and ATR (−2.5 ± 1.43) compared to the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, while the control group showed no change in FEV1, the experimental group showed improvement. There was no change in FEV1/FVC ratio in either group.ConclusionThese results indicate that adding spinal mobilisation to treatment sessions can effectively reduce the magnitude of curvature and improve scoliosis‐related problems in the short term.