bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of tree nuts on metabolic syndrome criteria: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Blanco Mejia Sonia , Kendall Cyril W C , Viguiliouk Effie , Augustin Livia S , Ha Vanessa , Cozma Adrian I , Mirrahimi Arash , Maroleanu Adriana , Chiavaroli Laura , Leiter Lawrence A , de Souza Russell J , Jenkins David J A , Sievenpiper John L 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveTo provide a broader evidence summary to inform dietary guidelines of the effect of tree nuts on criteria of the metabolic syndrome (MetS).DesignWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of tree nuts on criteria of the MetS.Data sourcesWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library (through 4 April 2014).Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesWe included relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of ≥3 weeks reporting at least one criterion of the MetS.Data extractionTwo or more independent reviewers extracted all relevant data. Data were pooled using the generic inverse variance method using random effects models and expressed as mean differences (MD) with 95% CIs. Heterogeneity was assessed by the Cochran Q statistic and quantified by the I2statistic. Study quality and risk of bias were assessed.ResultsEligibility criteria were met by 49 RCTs including 2226 participants who were otherwise healthy or had dyslipidaemia, MetS or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Tree nut interventions lowered triglycerides (MD=−0.06 mmol/L (95% CI −0.09 to −0.03 mmol/L)) and fasting blood glucose (MD=−0.08 mmol/L (95% CI −0.16 to −0.01 mmol/L)) compared with control diet interventions. There was no effect on waist circumference, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or blood pressure with the direction of effect favouring tree nuts for waist circumference. There was evidence of significant unexplained heterogeneity in all analyses (p<0.05).ConclusionsPooled analyses show a MetS benefit of tree nuts through modest decreases in triglycerides and fasting blood glucose with no adverse effects on other criteria across nut types. As our conclusions are limited by the short duration and poor quality of the majority of trials, as well as significant unexplained between-study heterogeneity, there remains a need for larger, longer, high-quality trials.Trial registration numberNCT01630980.
Regional differences in the incidence of self-reported type 2 diabetes in Germany: results from five population-based studies in Germany (DIAB-CORE Consortium)
Authors: Schipf Sabine , Ittermann Till , Tamayo Teresa , Holle Rolf , Schunk Michaela , Maier Werner , Meisinger Christine , Thorand Barbara , Kluttig Alexander , Greiser Karin Halina , Berger Klaus , Müller Grit , Moebus Susanne , Slomiany Uta , Icks Andrea , Rathmann Wolfgang , Völzke Henry 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundPopulation-based data are paramount to investigate the long-term course of diabetes, for planning in healthcare and to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of primary prevention. We analysed regional differences in the incidence of self-reported type 2 diabetes mellitus in Germany.MethodsData of participants (baseline age 45–74 years) from five regional population-based studies conducted between 1997 and 2010 were included (mean follow-up 2.2–7.1 years). The incidence of self-reported type 2 diabetes mellitus at follow-up was compared. The incidence rates per 1000 person-years (95% CI) and the cumulative incidence (95% CI) from regional studies were directly standardised to the German population (31 December 2007) and weighted by inverse probability weights for losses to follow-up.ResultsOf 8787 participants, 521 (5.9%) developed type 2 diabetes mellitus corresponding to an incidence rate of 11.8/1000 person-years (95% CI 10.8 to 12.9). The regional incidence was highest in the East and lowest in the South of Germany with 16.9 (95% CI 13.3 to 21.8) vs 9.3 (95% CI 7.4 to 11.1)/1000 person-years, respectively. The incidence increased with age and was higher in men than in women.ConclusionsThe incidence of self-reported type 2 diabetes mellitus shows regional differences within Germany. Prevention measures need to consider sex-specific differences and probably can be more efficiently introduced toward those regions in need.
Age relationships of the Rembrandt basin and Enterprise Rupes, Mercury
Authors: Ferrari Sabrina , Massironi Matteo , Marchi Simone , Byrne Paul K. , Klimczak Christian , Martellato Elena , Cremonese Gabriele 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The Rembrandt basin is the largest well-preserved impact feature in the southern hemisphere of Mercury. Its smooth volcanic infill hosts wrinkle ridges and graben, and the entire basin is cross-cut by the Enterprise Rupes scarp system. On the basis of the Model Production Function crater chronology, our analysis shows that the formation of the Rembrandt basin occurred at 3.8±0.1 Ga during the Late Heavy Bombardment, consistent with previous studies. We also find that the smooth plains interior to the basin were emplaced between 3.7 and 3.6±0.1 Ga, indicative of a resurfacing event within the Rembrandt basin that is consistent with the presence of partially buried craters. These youngest plains appear temporally unrelated to basin formation, and so we regard their origin as likely to be due to volcanism. We identify the same chronological relationship for the terrain cross-cut by Enterprise Rupes to the west of the basin. Therefore, volcanic activity affected both the basin and its surroundings, but ended prior to the majority of basin- and regional-scale tectonic deformation. If Enterprise Rupes formed prior to the Rembrandt basin, then regional-scale tectonic activity along this structure might have lasted at least 200 myr.
Genetic Ablation of Metadherin Inhibits Autochthonous Prostate Cancer Progression and Metastasis
Authors: Wan Liling , Hu Guohong , Wei Yong , Yuan Min , Bronson Roderick T. , Yang Qifeng , Siddiqui Javed , Pienta Kenneth J. , Kang Yibin 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Metadherin (MTDH) overexpression in diverse cancer types has been linked to poor clinical outcomes, but definitive genetic proof of its contributions to cancer remains incomplete. In particular, the degree to which MTDH may contribute to malignant progression in vivo is lacking. Here, we report that MTDH is amplified frequently in human prostate cancers where its expression levels are tightly correlated with prostate cancer progression and poor disease-free survival. Furthermore, we show that genetic ablation of MTDH in the transgenic adenomcarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) transgenic mouse model of prostate cancer blocks malignant progression without causing defects in the normal development of the prostate. Germline deletion of Mtdh in TRAMP mice prolonged tumor latency, reduced tumor burden, arrested progression of prostate cancer at well-differentiated stages, and inhibited systemic metastasis to distant organs, thereby decreasing cancer-related mortality ∼10-fold. Consistent with these findings, direct silencing of Mtdh in prostate cancer cells decreased proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo, supporting an epithelial cell–intrinsic role of MTDH in prostate cancer. Together, our findings establish a pivotal role for MTDH in prostate cancer progression and metastasis and define MTDH as a therapeutic target in this setting. Cancer Res; 74(18); 5336–47. ©2014 AACR.
Downregulation of microRNAs 145-3p and 145-5p Is a Long-term Predictor of Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk: The ORDET Prospective Study
Authors: Muti Paola , Sacconi Andrea , Hossain Ahmed , Donzelli Sara , Ben Moshe Noa Bossel , Ganci Federica , Sieri Sabina , Krogh Vittorio , Berrino Franco , Biagioni Francesca , Strano Sabrina , Beyene Joseph , Yarden Yosef , Blandino Giovanni 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackground: miRNAs have been implicated in the regulation of key metabolic, inflammatory, and malignant pathways; hence, they might be considered both predictors and players of cancer development.Methods: Using a case–control study design nested in the ORDET prospective cohort study, we addressed the possibility that specific mRNAs can serve as early predictors of breast cancer incidence in postmenopausal women. We compared leukocyte miRNA profiles of 133 incident postmenopausal breast cancer cases and profiles of 133 women who remained healthy over a follow-up period of 20 years.Results: The analysis identified 20 differentially expressed miRNAs, 15 of which were downregulated. Of the 20 miRNAs, miR145-5p and miR145-3p, each derived from another arm of the respective pre-miRNA, were consistently and significantly downregulated in all the databases that we surveyed. For example, analysis of more than 1,500 patients (the UK Metabric cohort) indicated that high abundance of miR145-3p and miR145-5p was associated with longer, and for miR145-3p also statistically significant, survival. The experimental data attributed different roles to the identified miRNAs: Although the 5p isoform was associated with invasion and metastasis, the other isoform seems related to cell proliferation.Conclusions: These observations and the prospective design of our study lend support to the hypothesis that downregulation of specific miRNAs constitutes an early event in cancer development. This finding might be used for breast cancer prevention.Impact: The identification of the miRNAs as long-term biomarkers of breast cancer may have an impact on breast cancer prevention and early detection. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(11); 2471–81. ©2014 AACR.
Follow-up to Abnormal Cancer Screening Tests: Considering the Multilevel Context of Care
Authors: Zapka Jane M. , Edwards Heather M. , Chollette Veronica , Taplin Stephen H. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe call for multilevel interventions to improve the quality of follow-up to abnormal cancer screening has been out for a decade, but published work emphasizes individual approaches, and conceptualizations differ regarding the definition of levels. To investigate the scope and methods being undertaken in this focused area of follow-up to abnormal tests (breast, colon, cervical), we reviewed recent literature and grants (2007–2012) funded by the National Cancer Institute. A structured search yielded 16 grants with varying definitions of “follow-up” (e.g., completion of recommended tests, time to diagnosis); most included minority racial/ethnic group participants. Ten grants concentrated on measurement/intervention development and 13 piloted or tested interventions (categories not mutually exclusive). All studies considered patient-level factors and effects. Although some directed interventions at provider levels, few measured group characteristics and effects of interventions on the providers or levels other than the patient. Multilevel interventions are being proposed, but clarity about endpoints, definition of levels, and measures is needed. The differences in the conceptualization of levels and factors that affect practice need empirical exploration, and we need to measure their salient characteristics to advance our understanding of how context affects cancer care delivery in a changing practice and policy environment. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(10); 1965–73. ©2014 AACR.
Incidence and Outcome of Surgical Procedures After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Compared With Those After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Tokushige Akihiro , Shiomi Hiroki , Morimoto Takeshi , Ono Koh , Furukawa Yutaka , Nakagawa Yoshihisa , Kadota Kazushige , Ando Kenji , Shizuta Satoshi , Tada Tomohisa , Tazaki Junichi , Kato Yoshihiro , Hayano Mamoru , Abe Mitsuru , Hamasaki Shuichi , Ohishi Mitsuru , Nakashima Hitoshi , Mitsudo Kazuaki , Nobuyoshi Masakiyo , Kita Toru , Imoto Yutaka , Sakata Ryuzo , Okabayashi Hitoshi , Hanyu Michiya , Shimamoto Mitsuomi , Nishiwaki Noboru , Komiya Tatsuhiko , Kimura Takeshi 
Published: July 2014

Background—
Noncardiac surgery after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been reported to be carrying high risk for both ischemic and bleeding complications. However, there has been no report comparing the incidence and outcomes of surgical procedures after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with those after PCI.

Methods and Results—

Among 14 383 patients undergoing first coronary revascularization (PCI, n=12 207; CABG, n=2176) enrolled in the Coronary Revascularization Demonstrating Outcome Study in Kyoto (CREDO-Kyoto) PCI/CABG Registry Cohort-2, surgical procedures were performed more frequently after CABG (n=560) than after PCI (n=2398; cumulative 3-year incidence: 27% versus 22%; unadjusted
P
<0.0001), particularly <6 months of coronary revascularization. The risk for the primary ischemic outcome measure (death/myocardial infarction) at 30-day postsurgical procedures was not significantly different between the CABG and PCI groups (cumulative incidence: 3.1% versus 3.2%; unadjusted
P
=0.9; adjusted hazard ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.47–1.89;
P
=0.9). The risk for the primary bleeding outcome measure (moderate or severe bleeding by Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Occluded Coronary Arteries classification) was lower in the CABG groups than in the PCI group (cumulative incidence: 1.3% versus 2.6%; unadjusted
P
=0.07; adjusted hazard ratio, 0.36; 95% confidence interval, 0.12–0.87;
P
=0.02). There were no interactions between the timing of surgery and the types of coronary revascularization (CABG/PCI) for both ischemic and bleeding outcomes.

Conclusions—
Surgical procedures were performed significantly more frequently after CABG than after PCI, particularly <6 months after coronary revascularization. Surgical procedures after CABG as compared with those after PCI were associated with similar risk for ischemic events and lower risk for bleeding events, regardless of the timing after coronary revascularization.
Fully Integrated High-Speed Intravascular Optical Coherence Tomography/Near-Infrared Fluorescence Structural/Molecular Imaging In Vivo Using a Clinically Available Near-Infrared Fluorescence–Emitting Indocyanine Green to Detect Inflamed Lipid-Rich Atheromata in Coronary-Sized Vessels
Authors: Lee Sunki , Lee Min Woo , Cho Han Saem , Song Joon Woo , Nam Hyeong Soo , Oh Dong Joo , Park Kyeongsoon , Oh Wang-Yuhl , Yoo Hongki , Kim Jin Won 
Published: July 2014

Background—
Lipid-rich inflamed coronary plaques are prone to rupture. The purpose of this study was to assess lipid-rich inflamed plaques in vivo using fully integrated high-speed optical coherence tomography (OCT)/near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) molecular imaging with a Food and Drug Administration–approved indocyanine green (ICG).

Methods and Results—

An integrated high-speed intravascular OCT/NIRF imaging catheter and a dual-modal OCT/NIRF system were constructed based on a clinical OCT platform. For imaging lipid-rich inflamed plaques, the Food and Drug Administration–approved NIRF-emitting ICG (2.25 mg/kg) or saline was injected intravenously into rabbit models with experimental atheromata induced by balloon injury and 12- to 14-week high-cholesterol diets. Twenty minutes after injection, in vivo OCT/NIRF imaging of the infrarenal aorta and iliac arteries was acquired only under contrast flushing through catheter (pullback speed up to ≤20 mm/s). NIRF signals were strongly detected in the OCT-visualized atheromata of the ICG-injected rabbits. The in vivo NIRF target-to-background ratio was significantly larger in the ICG-injected rabbits than in the saline-injected controls (
P
<0.01). Ex vivo peak plaque target-to-background ratios were significantly higher in ICG-injected rabbits than in controls (
P
<0.01) on fluorescence reflectance imaging, which correlated well with the in vivo target-to-background ratios (
P
<0.01;
r
=0.85) without significant bias (0.41). Cellular ICG uptake, correlative fluorescence microscopy, and histopathology also corroborated the in vivo imaging findings.

Conclusions—
Integrated OCT/NIRF structural/molecular imaging with a Food and Drug Administration –approved ICG accurately identified lipid-rich inflamed atheromata in coronary-sized vessels. This highly translatable dual-modal imaging approach could enhance our capabilities to detect high-risk coronary plaques.
Remote Ischemic Preconditioning in Children Undergoing Cardiac Surgery With Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Single‐Center Double‐Blinded Randomized Trial
Authors: McCrindle Brian W. , Clarizia Nadia A. , Khaikin Svetlana , Holtby Helen M. , Manlhiot Cedric , Schwartz Steven M. , Caldarone Christopher A. , Coles John G. , Van Arsdell Glen S. , Scherer Stephen W. , Redington Andrew N. 
Published: July 2014

Background

Remote ischemic preconditioning (
RIPC
) harnesses an innate defensive mechanism that protects against inflammatory activation and ischemia‐reperfusion injury, known sequelae of cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. We sought to determine the impact of
RIPC
on clinical outcomes and physiological markers related to ischemia‐reperfusion injury and inflammatory activation after cardiac surgery in children.

Methods and Results

Overall, 299 children (aged neonate to 17 years) were randomized to receive an
RIPC
stimulus (inflation of a blood pressure cuff on the left thigh to 15 mm Hg above systolic for four 5‐minute intervals) versus a blinded sham stimulus during induction with a standardized anesthesia protocol. Primary outcome was duration of postoperative hospital stay, with serial clinical and laboratory measurements for the first 48 postoperative hours and clinical follow‐up to discharge. There were no significant baseline differences between
RIPC
(n=148) and
sham
(n=151). There were no in‐hospital deaths. No significant difference in length of postoperative hospital stay was noted (
sham
5.4 versus
RIPC
5.6 days; difference +0.2; adjusted
P
=0.91), with the 95% confidence interval (−0.7 to +0.9) excluding a prespecified minimal clinically significant differences of 1 or 1.5 days. There were few significant differences in other clinical outcomes or values at time points or trends in physiological markers. Benefit was not observed in specific subgroups when explored through interactions with categories of age, sex, surgery type, Aristotle score, or first versus second half of recruitment. Adverse events were similar (
sham
5%,
RIPC
6%;
P
=0.68).

Conclusions

RIPC
is not associated with important improvements in clinical outcomes and physiological markers after cardiac surgery in children.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
: clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier:
NCT
00650507.
Education Level and Inequalities in Stroke Reperfusion Therapy
Authors: Stecksén Anna , Glader Eva-Lotta , Asplund Kjell , Norrving Bo , Eriksson Marie 
Published: July 2014

Background and Purpose—
Previous studies have revealed inequalities in stroke treatment based on demographics, hospital type, and region. We used the Swedish Stroke Register (Riksstroke) to test whether patient education level is associated with reperfusion (either or both of thrombolysis and thrombectomy) treatment.

Methods—
We included 85 885 patients with ischemic stroke aged 18 to 80 years registered in Riksstroke between 2003 and 2009. Education level was retrieved from Statistics Sweden, and thrombolysis, thrombectomy, patient, and hospital data were obtained from Riksstroke. We used multivariable logistic regression to analyze the association between reperfusion therapy and patient education.

Results—

A total of 3649 (4.2%) of the patients received reperfusion therapy. University-educated patients were more likely to be treated (5.5%) than patients with secondary (4.6%) or primary education (3.6%;
P
<0.001). The inequality associated with education was still present after adjustment for patient characteristics; university education odds ratio, 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 1.26 and secondary education odds ratio, 1.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.00 to 1.17 compared with primary education. Higher hospital specialization level was also associated with higher reperfusion levels (
P
<0.001). In stratified multivariable analyses by hospital type, significant treatment differences by education level existed only among large nonuniversity hospitals (university education odds ratio, 1.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.04–1.40; secondary education odds ratio, 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.29).

Conclusions—
We demonstrated a social stratification in reperfusion, partly explained by patient characteristics and the local hospital specialization level. Further studies should address treatment delays, stroke knowledge, and means to improve reperfusion implementation in less specialized hospitals.
Thrombolysis in Ischemic Stroke Without Arterial Occlusion at Presentation
Authors: Lahoti Sourabh , Gokhale Sankalp , Caplan Louis , Michel Patrik , Samson Yves , Rosso Charlotte , Limaye Kaustubh , Hinduja Archana , Singhal Aneesh , Ali Syed , Pettigrew Luther Creed , Kryscio Richard , Dedhia Nikita , Hastak Shirish , Liebeskind David S. 
Published: July 2014

Background and Purpose—
None of the randomized trials of intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator reported vascular imaging acquired before thrombolysis. Efficacy of tissue-type plasminogen activator in stroke without arterial occlusion on vascular imaging remains unknown and speculative.

Methods—
We performed a retrospective, multicenter study to collect data of patients who presented to participating centers during a 5-year period with ischemic stroke diagnosed by clinical examination and MRI and with imaging evidence of no vascular occlusion. These patients were divided into 2 groups: those who received thrombolytic therapy and those who did not. Primary outcome measure of the study was excellent clinical outcome defined as modified Rankin Scale of 0 to 1 at 90 days from stroke onset. Secondary outcome measures were good clinical outcome (modified Rankin Scale, 0–2) and perfect outcome (modified Rankin Scale, 0). Safety outcome measures were incidence of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage and poor outcome (modified Rankin Scale, 4–6).

Results—

A total of 256 patients met study criteria, 103 with thrombolysis and 153 without. Logistic regression analysis showed that patients who received thrombolysis had more frequent excellent outcomes with odds ratio of 3.79 (
P
<0.01). Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage was more frequent in thrombolysis group (4.9 versus 0.7%;
P
=0.04). Thrombolysis led to more frequent excellent outcome in nonlacunar group with odds ratio 4.90 (
P
<0.01) and more frequent perfect outcome in lacunar group with odds ratio 8.25 (
P
<0.01).

Conclusions—
This study provides crucial data that patients with ischemic stroke who do not have visible arterial occlusion at presentation may benefit from thrombolysis.