bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing Practice Patterns Between Pediatric and General Emergency Medicine Physicians
Authors: Chime Nnenna O. , Katznelson Jessica , Gangadharan Sandeep , Walsh Barbara , Lobner Katie , Brown Linda , Gawel Marcie , Auerbach Marc 
Published: October 2015

Objective
Acutely ill infants and children presenting to the emergency department are treated by either physicians with pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) training or physicians without PEM training, a good proportion of which are general emergency medicine–trained physicians (GEDPs). This scoping review identified published literature comparing the care provided to infants and children (≤21 years of age) by PEM-trained physicians to that provided by GEDPs.

Methods
The search was conducted in 2 main steps as follows: (1) initial literature search to identify available literature with evolving feedback from the group while simultaneously deciding search concepts as well as inclusion and exclusion criteria and (2) modification of search concepts and conduction of search using finalized concepts as well as review and selection of articles for final analysis using set inclusion criteria. Each study was independently assessed by 2 reviewers for eligibility and quality. Data were independently abstracted by reviewers, and authors were contacted for missing data.

Results
Our search yielded 3137 titles and abstracts. Twenty articles reporting 19 studies were included in the final analysis. The studies were grouped under type of care, diagnostic studies, medication administration, and process of care. The studies addressed differences in the management of fever, croup, bronchiolitis, asthma, urticaria, febrile seizures, and diabetic ketoacidosis.

Conclusions
This review highlights the lack of robust studies and heterogeneity of literature comparing practice patterns of PEM-trained physicians with GEDPs. We have outlined a systematic approach to reviewing a body of literature for topics that lack clear terms of comparison across studies.
Transition of Care
Authors: Dapaah-Siakwan Fredrick , Kaj Batul , Daga Ankana , Kaur Ishminder 
Published: October 2015

Background
Little is known about the characteristics, clinical course, and the disposition of sick children transferred from pediatricians' offices to the emergency department (ED).

Objectives
The purpose of the study was to determine the clinical profile, ED course, and disposition of children transferred from a hospital-based pediatric clinic to the ED.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving all sick children transferred from a hospital-based clinic to the hospital's ED from January 2012 to December 2013. Data collected included demographics, acuity of illness, ED course, diagnoses, and disposition of all children.

Results
A total of 179 patients were transferred to and received care in the ED: boys, 56%; median age, 18 months; mean age, 58 months; 68% were younger than 60 months; African American, 83%; Hispanic, 12%. Sixty-eight percent of the patients were triaged as Emergency Severity Index 3 (urgent) and 13% were Emergency Severity Index 2 (high risk), with the rest categorized as nonurgent. Forty-three percent (78) were discharged home, and 57% were admitted. Age younger than 60 months, need for intravenous antibiotics, inhaled medications, plain x-rays, respiratory viral panel polymerase chain reaction (PCR), supplemental oxygen, and blood work in the ED were associated with being admitted (P < 0.05). The top 3 primary diagnoses were respiratory distress (40%), skin and soft tissue infections (15%), and other infections (10%).

Conclusions
Children transferred from a hospital-based pediatric clinic to the ED at an urban academic medical center had a high level of acuity, and almost 60% were admitted for inpatient care. Improvement in the provision of pretransfer care can potentially decrease transfers to the ED.
Achromobacter xylosoxidans endocarditis and septic arthritis in an infant affected by generalized arterial calcification of infancy
Authors: Levoy Craig S. , Hall David J. , Berman David 
Published: October 2015

Introduction:

Achromobacter xylosoxidans is a non-fermentative aerobic Gram-negative bacillus, which most frequently causes nosocomial infections. Endocarditis from the pathogen has only rarely been reported and has a near-fatal outcome without surgical intervention.

Case Presentation:
We present a case of A. xylosoxidans endocarditis and septic arthritis in an infant affected by generalized arterial calcification of infancy. The patient was successfully treated with 6 weeks of intravenous colistin, meropenem and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.

Conclusion:
This is the first reported case of colistin used to treat A. xylosoxidans endocarditis. We discuss the antibiotic challenges of treating multidrug-resistant A. xylosoxidans endocarditis in a patient who is not a surgical candidate.
Admixture, Population Structure andF-statistics
Authors: Peter Benjamin M 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMany questions about human genetic history can be addressed by examining the patterns of shared genetic variation between sets of populations. A useful methodological framework for this purpose areF-statistics, that measure shared genetic drift between sets of two, three and four populations, and can be used to test simple and complex hypotheses about admixture between populations. Here, we put these statistics in context of phylogenetic and population genetic theory. We show how measures of genetic drift can be interpreted as branch lengths, paths through an admixture graph or in terms of the internal branches in coalescent trees. We show that the admixture tests can be interpreted as testing general properties of phylogenies, allowing us to generalize applications for arbitrary phylogenetic trees. Furthermore, we derive novel expressions for theF-statistics, which enables us to explore the behavior ofF-statistic under population structure models. In particular, we show that population substructure may complicate inference.Author SummaryFor the analysis of genetic data from hundreds of populations, a commonly used technique are a set of simple statistics on data from two, three and four populations. These statistics are used to test hypotheses involving the history of populations, in particular whether data is consistent with the history of a set of populations forming a tree.Here, we provide context to these statistics by deriving novel expressions and by relating them to approaches in comparative phylogenetics. These results are useful because they provide a straightforward interpretation of these statistics under many demographic processes and lead to simplified expressions. However, the result also reveals the limitations ofF-statistics, in that population substructure may complicate inference.
Mat-aCGH: a Matlab toolbox for simultaneous multisample aCGH data analysis and visualization
Authors: Mohammadi Majid , Sharifi Noghabi Hossein 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMat-aCGH is an application toolbox for analysis and visualization of microarray-comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH or aCGH) data which is based on Matlab. Full process of aCGH analysis, from denoising of the raw data to the visualization of the desired results, can be obtained via Mat-aCGH straightforwardly. The main advantage of this toolbox is that it is collection of recent well-known statistical and information theoretic methods and algorithms for analyzing aCGH data. More importantly, the proposed toolbox is developed for multisample analysis which is one of the current challenges in this area. Mat-aCGH is convenient to apply for any format of data, robust against diverse noise and provides the users with valuable information in the form of diagrams and metrics. Therefore, it eliminates the needs of another software or package for multisample aCGH analysis. aCGH Matlab source codes and datasets are freely available and can be downloaded at:hsharifi.student.um.ac.ir/imagesm/14407/Mat–aCGH.rar.
Loss of Dicer1 in mouse embryonic fibroblasts impairs ER stress-induced apoptosis
Authors: Gupta Ananya , Read Danielle E. , Oommen Deepu , Samali Afshin , Gupta Sanjeev 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the site of folding for membrane and secreted proteins. Accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR can promote survival by reducing the load of unfolded proteins through upregulation of chaperones and global attenuation of protein synthesis. However, when ER stress is acute or prolonged cells undergo apoptosis. In this study we sought to determine the effect of globally compromised microRNA biogenesis on the UPR and ER stress-induced apoptosisResultsHere we report the role of Dicer-dependent miRNA biogenesis during the UPR and ER stress-induced apoptosis. We show that ER stress-induced caspase activation and apoptosis is attenuated in Dicer deficient fibroblasts. ER stress-mediated induction of GRP78, the key ER resident chaperone, and also HERP, an important component of ER-associated degradation, are significantly increased in Dicer deficient cells. Expression of the BCL-2 family members BIM and MCL1 were significantly higher in Dicer-null fibroblasts. However, ER stress-mediated induction of pro-apoptotic BH3 only protein BIM was compromised in Dicer mutant cells.ConclusionsThese observations demonstrate key roles for Dicer in the UPR and implicate miRNAs as critical components of UPR.
The Electoral Politics of Housing
Authors: Lund Brian 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis article surveys the territorial politics of housing policy with particular reference to the Conservative Party. It examines the how attempts to establish a new planning framework under the previous Coalition government came unstuck and sets out the implications of the planning impasse for home ownership and ‘generation rent’. The territorial and tenure dimensions of the 2015 General Election are considered and possible future Conservative conflicts over land release are explored.
Alcohol and Cigarette Smoke Components Activate Human Pancreatic Stellate Cells: Implications for the Progression of Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: Lee Alexandra T. K. , Xu Zhihong , Pothula Srinivasa P. , Patel Mishaal B. , Pirola Romano C. , Wilson Jeremy S. , Apte Minoti V. 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundChronic pancreatitis, a known complication of alcohol abuse, is characterized histopathologically by prominent fibrosis. Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are responsible for producing this fibrous tissue in chronic pancreatitis and are activated by alcohol. Progression of alcoholic chronic pancreatitis (as assessed by calcification and fibrosis) is thought to be facilitated by concurrent smoking, but the mechanisms are unknown. This study aimed to (a) determine whether human PSCs (hPSCs) and rat PSCs express nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), which are known to bind 2 important components of cigarette smoke, namely nicotine and nicotine‐derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK), and (b) examine the effects of cigarette smoke components in the presence and absence of alcohol on PSC activation in vitro.MethodsWestern blotting was used to detect the presence of nAChRs in primary cultures of PSCs. Clinically relevant concentrations of cigarette smoke components (either cigarette smoke extract [CSE], NNK, or nicotine) ± ethanol (EtOH) were used to treat primary cultures of PSCs, and stellate cell activation was assessed by cell migration, proliferation, collagen production, and apoptosis.ResultsWe demonstrate, for the first time, that PSCs express nAChRs (isoforms α3, α7, β, ε) and that the expression of the α7 isoform in hPSCs is induced by CSE + EtOH. We also provide novel findings that PSCs are activated by CSE and NNK (both alone and in combination with EtOH) as evidenced by an increase in cell migration and/or proliferation. Further, we demonstrate that activation of PSCs by CSE + EtOH and NNK + EtOH may be mediated via nAChRs on the cells.ConclusionsPSCs are activated by clinically relevant concentrations of cigarette smoke components (CSE and NNK), alone and in combination with EtOH. Thus, in alcoholics who smoke, progression of pancreatic fibrosis may be facilitated by the combined effects of alcohol and cigarette smoke components on hPSC behavior.
Personality and Substance Use: Psychometric Evaluation and Validation of the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale (SURPS) in English, Irish, French, and German Adolescents
Authors: Jurk Sarah , Kuitunen‐Paul Sören , Kroemer Nils B. , Artiges Eric , Banaschewski Tobias , Bokde Arun L. W. , Büchel Christian , Conrod Patricia , Fauth‐Bühler Mira , Flor Herta , Frouin Vincent , Gallinat Jürgen , Garavan Hugh , Heinz Andreas , Mann Karl F. , Nees Frauke , Paus Tomáš , Pausova Zdenka , Poustka Luise , Rietschel Marcella , Schumann Gunter , Struve Maren , Smolka Michael N. ,   the IMAGEN consortium
Published: October 2015

BackgroundThe aim of the present longitudinal study was the psychometric evaluation of the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale (SURPS).MethodsWe analyzed data from N = 2,022 adolescents aged 13 to 15 at baseline assessment and 2 years later (mean interval 2.11 years). Missing data at follow‐up were imputed (N = 522). Psychometric properties of the SURPS were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis. We examined structural as well as convergent validity with other personality measurements and drinking motives, and predictive validity for substance use at follow‐up.ResultsThe hypothesized 4‐factorial structure (i.e., anxiety sensitivity, hopelessness, impulsivity [IMP], and sensation seeking [SS]) based on all 23 items resulted in acceptable fit to empirical data, acceptable internal consistencies, low to moderate test–retest reliability coefficients, as well as evidence for factorial and convergent validity. The proposed factor structure was stable for both males and females and, to lesser degree, across languages. However, only the SS and the IMP subscales of the SURPS predicted substance use outcomes at 16 years of age.ConclusionsThe SURPS is unique in its specific assessment of traits related to substance use disorders as well as the resulting shortened administration time. Test–retest reliability was low to moderate and comparable to other personality scales. However, its relation to future substance use was limited to the SS and IMP subscales, which may be due to the relatively low‐risk substance use pattern in the present sample.
Audit opinions and information asymmetry in the stock market
Authors: Abad David , Sánchez‐Ballesta Juan P. , Yagüe José 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis study analyses the relationship between the content of the audit reports and information asymmetry levels in the stock market for a sample of Spanish firms. By implementing an association study, we document (1) that firms with audit qualifications show higher information asymmetry levels than those with unqualified opinions; (2) firms with non‐quantified qualifications show higher informational asymmetry than firms with quantified qualifications; and (3) we find a stronger effect on the level of informational asymmetry in the case of going concern qualifications. Our findings suggest that audit qualifications reporting more uncertainty on firm accounting statements result in higher adverse selection risk.
Low testosterone and sexual symptoms in men with acute coronary syndrome can be used to predict major adverse cardiovascular events during long‐term follow‐up
Authors: Chmiel A. , Mizia‐Stec K. , Wierzbicka‐Chmiel J. , Rychlik S. , Muras A. , Mizia M. , Bienkowski J. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryLow total testosterone (TT) and sexual symptoms are common among men with coronary artery disease, however its impact on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) is still debatable. We investigated whether low TT and coexisting sexual symptoms in men with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) can be used to predict the incidence of MACE. In the prospective study 120 consecutive men (mean age 58 ± 9 years; diabetes 27%; current smokers 58%; left ventricular ejection fraction 50 ± 10%) with ACS were included. The group of men with the presence of three sexual symptoms (decreased frequency of morning erections, a lack of sexual thoughts and erectile dysfunction) and with TT serum concentration <3.2 ng/mL was distinguished. All of the patients had their prognosis assessed according to the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE Score 2.0). Primary composite endpoint – MACE (recurrent ischaemia, non‐fatal myocardial infarction, stroke and death) and secondary endpoint – in stent restenosis (ISR) were registered during the 18.3 month follow‐up period. The mean TT level in the entire group was 3.7 ± 0.5 ng/mL. Low TT was diagnosed in 63 (52.5%) men. Both low TT and sexual symptoms were diagnosed in 57 (47%) participants. During the follow‐up, 29 (24.2%) participants experienced MACE, 20 (16.6%) men ISR. In the Cox proportional hazards regression, high risk of death on the GRACE score (HR 3.16; 95% CI: 1.5–6.6; p = 0.002), the presence of low TT and sexual symptoms (HR 2.75; 95% CI: 1.26–6.04; p = 0.02) independently predicted an incidence of a MACE (p = 0.006). For the secondary endpoint only low TT and sexual symptoms (HR 2.68; 95% CI: 1.03–6.94; p = 0.034) were independent covariates which predicted IRS. Low TT which coexists with sexual symptoms in males with ACS can be used to predict MACE, especially IRS independently of classic cardiovascular risk factors.
A PLK4 mutation causing azoospermia in a man with Sertoli cell‐only syndrome
Authors: Miyamoto T. , Bando Y. , Koh E. , Tsujimura A. , Miyagawa Y. , Iijima M. , Namiki M. , Shiina M. , Ogata K. , Matsumoto N. , Sengoku K. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryAbout 15% of couples wishing to have children are infertile; approximately half these cases involve a male factor. Polo‐like kinase 4 (PLK‐4) is a member of the polo protein family and a key regulator of centriole duplication. Male mice with a point mutation in the Plk4 gene show azoospermia associated with germ cell loss. Mutational analysis of 81 patients with azoospermia and Sertoli cell‐only syndrome (SCOS) identified one man with a heterozygous 13‐bp deletion in the Ser/Thr kinase domain of PLK4. Division of centrioles occurred in wild‐type PLK4‐transfected cells, but was hampered in PLK‐4‐mutant transfectants, which also showed abnormal nuclei. Thus, this PLK4 mutation might be a cause of human SCOS and nonobstructive azoospermia.
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of sacral nerve stimulation as treatment for severe irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Tipsmark L. S. , Fassov J. , Lundby L. , Laurberg S. , Ehlers L. , Krogh K. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimEarly results from sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) for severe irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are promising but estimates of cost‐effectiveness are lacking. Our object was to perform a cost‐effectiveness analysis forSNSas an alternative to no treatment ofIBS.MethodThis retrospective analysis was based on the results from a randomized controlled crossover study with a cost‐utility analysis performed on patient‐level data and modelling of censored data over a projected period of time of up to 20 years. The analysis was conducted on an intention‐to‐treat approach. For estimation of the uncertainty of the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio a bias corrected bootstrap analysis was performed.ResultsCost‐effectiveness was not reached for 4 years after permanent implantation (£31 270 per quality‐adjusted life years), which was the upper limit for patient follow‐up, but our data imply a cost‐effectiveness from a 7‐year perspective onwards.ConclusionThe study indicates theSNStreatment forIBSis cost effective from a 7‐year perspective onwards.
The Selective Laziness of Reasoning
Authors: Trouche Emmanuel , Johansson Petter , Hall Lars , Mercier Hugo 
Published: October 2015

AbstractReasoning research suggests that people use more stringent criteria when they evaluate others' arguments than when they produce arguments themselves. To demonstrate this “selective laziness,” we used a choice blindness manipulation. In two experiments, participants had to produce a series of arguments in response to reasoning problems, and they were then asked to evaluate other people's arguments about the same problems. Unknown to the participants, in one of the trials, they were presented with their own argument as if it was someone else's. Among those participants who accepted the manipulation and thus thought they were evaluating someone else's argument, more than half (56% and 58%) rejected the arguments that were in fact their own. Moreover, participants were more likely to reject their own arguments for invalid than for valid answers. This demonstrates that people are more critical of other people's arguments than of their own, without being overly critical: They are better able to tell valid from invalid arguments when the arguments are someone else's rather than their own.
Automated direct immunofluorescence analyses of skin biopsies
Authors: Lemcke Susanne , Sokolowski Siegmar , Rieckhoff Nicole , Buschtez Michael , Kaffka Christian , Winter‐Keil Antje , Schaller Christine , Rottmann Norbert , Sadik Christian D. , Stöcker Winfried , Zillikens Detlef , Schmidt Enno 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundDiagnosis of autoantibody‐ and immune complex‐induced skin diseases is primarily based on direct immunofluorescence (DIF) microscopy. DIF staining is usually performed manually and, therefore, is labor intensive. The quality of immunohistochemical results considerably depends on the experience of the person conducting the tests. The novel EUROTide™ technique in combination with the biochip‐based system EUROPath represents a new technology for automation of DIF staining.MethodsFrozen sections of previously characterized skin biopsies from bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus vulgaris patients were incubated with fluorescein‐labelled anti‐human IgG and complement C3c following the standard manual procedure and, for comparison, applying EUROTide/EUROPath in an automated version.ResultsBoth, the manual and the automated procedure, detected IgG and C3c deposits in all samples. However, DIF stainings performed with EUROTide/EUROPath displayed more intense specific IF signals and distinctly less background staining. The detecting antibody could be used at a ×4 higher dilution.ConclusionEUROTide/EUROPath applied in an automated system improves diagnostic accuracy and saves reagents. Larger studies in other routine laboratories may further explore the value of the EUROTide/EUROPath technology and may include comparison with other automated stainers.