bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Differently Substituted tacn‐Based Ligands: Towards the Control of Solubility and Electronic and Steric Properties of Uranium Coordination Complexes
Authors: Nizovtsev Alexey V. , Scheurer Andreas , Kosog Boris , Heinemann Frank W. , Meyer Karsten 
Published: April 2013

AbstractStarting from phenols R1,R2ArOH (5) and the anisole derivative 3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2‐methoxybenzyl bromide (13), a series of new tacn‐based ligands (R1,R2ArOR3)3tacn (2) have been synthesized with substituents of varying bulkiness and electronic nature at the ortho and para positions with respect to the oxygen coordination site. It was observed that these groups not only determine the steric shielding and solubility properties of 2, but also deactivate the reactivity of the phenols in the modified Mannich reaction when electron‐withdrawing groups are introduced at the para position in 5. Treatment of the ligands with UCl4 in thf led to the isolation of four uranium(IV) chloro complexes [{(R1,R2ArO)3tacn}UIVCl] (14), which were characterized by different spectroscopic and physical methods (e.g., 1H NMR, UV/Vis, SQUID), corroborating the +4 oxidation state in 14. Single‐crystal X‐ray structure analyses revealed that 14a·CH2Cl2·CH3CN and 14b·1.25CH2Cl2 crystallize in the chiral, orthorhombic space group P212121 [a = 24.934(3), b = 27.941(3), c = 9.045(1) Å, V = 6302(2) Å3, Z = 4] and the chiral, hexagonal space group P63 [a = 22.097(3), c = 17.941(2) Å, V = 7587(2) Å3, Z = 4], respectively. Interestingly, complexes 14a,b self‐organize in the solid state into homochiral 1D polymeric superstructures as a result of weak intermolecular C–H···Cl contacts.
Self‐Assembly and Characterization of 3D Metallamacrocycles: A Study of Supramolecular Constitutional Isomers
Authors: Schultz Anthony , Li Xiaopeng , Moorefield Charles N. , Wesdemiotis Chrys , Newkome George R. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe report the self‐assembly and isolation of two metallamacromolecular constitutional isomeric pairs based on <tpy‐MII‐tpy> connectivity. Utilizing a robust <tpy‐RuII‐tpy> dimer with varying substitution to the core benzene ring resulted not only in the isolation of the expected 60°‐oriented tetramer and 120°‐oriented hexamer but also in the unexpected isolation of a 60°‐oriented hexamer and a 120°‐oriented tetramer. These isomers were characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (ESI‐travelling wave ion mobility), which revealed significant structural differences. Molecular modeling was utilized to aid in characterization.
Regioselective Acetolysis of Highly O‐Benzylated Carbohydrates Promoted by Iodine or an Iodine/Silane Combined Reagent: Use of Isopropenyl Acetate as an Alternative to Acetic Anhydride
Authors: Giordano Maddalena , Iadonisi Alfonso , Pastore Antonello 
Published: April 2013

AbstractRegioselective acetolytic de‐O‐benzylation of poly‐O‐benzylated sugars can be triggered by the activation of isopropenyl acetate (IPA) with either an iodine/silane combined reagent or iodine alone. Unlike other known acetolysis procedures, the protocols presented here do not suffer from the use of harsh acidic reagents and excess amounts of high‐boiling acetic anhydride. The activation of IPA with iodine and triethylsilane (or the cheaper polymethylhydrosiloxane, PMHS) usually results in shorter reaction times, with the acetolysis occurring preferentially (with some exceptions) at primary benzyloxy groups. With anomerically armed sugars, anomeric iodination can be a concomitant process to give highly reactive intermediates which can be converted in situ into workable and useful building blocks upon suitable quenching conditions. On the other hand, IPA activation with iodine alone allows the reactions to occur under milder conditions, albeit over longer times. In almost all reported examples, IPA can be used in moderate excess (5 equiv.), but its employment as the solvent is crucial with an amino sugar model compound otherwise recalcitrant to any acetolytic modification. An additional advantage of these conditions lies in the unprecedented possibility of incorporating the acetolysis step into one‐pot synthetic sequences leading to multiple functional modifications of saccharidic substrates. As to the regioselectivity, most reactions seem to be controlled by steric factors, as the most accessible primary benzyloxy groups are commonly acetolyzed. However, a couple of disclosed examples display that under suitable structural conditions, strain relief effects might be a ruling factor for the regiocontrol of the processes. Overall, the reported protocols offer complementary options for experimentally easy access to a wide range of useful saccharide building blocks featuring a varied profile of protecting groups.
Synthesis of Biotinylated Aldehyde Polymers for Biomolecule Conjugation
Authors: Alconcel Steevens N. S. , Kim Sung Hye , Tao Lei , Maynard Heather D. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBiotinylated polymers with side‐chain aldehydes were prepared for use as multifunctional scaffolds. Two different biotin‐containing chain transfer agents (CTAs) and an aldehyde‐containing monomer, 6‐oxohexyl acrylate (6OHA), are synthesized. Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate (PEGA) and 6OHA are copolymerized by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization in the presence of the biotinylated CTAs. The resulting polymers are analyzed by GPC and1H NMR spectroscopy. The polymer end groups contained a disulfide bond, which could be readily reduced in solution to remove the biotin. Reactivity of the aldehyde side chains is demonstrated by oxime and hydrazone formation at the polymer side chains, and conjugate formation of fluorescently labeled polymers with streptavidin is investigated by gel electrophoresis.magnified image
Risk assessment of a propane storage sphere: Maintain or decommission?
Authors: Carpenter Andrew R. , Ogle Russell A. , Ramirez Juan Carlos 
Published: April 2013

The authors were asked to assist a utility with a risk management decision. Specifically, the utility was considering whether they should maintain or decommission an 800,000 gallon propane storage sphere. The 30‐year old sphere was the fuel storage vessel for a propane standby system. One of their major concerns was the shrinking buffer zone around their facility. Although the facility was originally located in a remote rural area, residential development had begun to encroach upon the facility's buffer zone.The original analysis was based on a consideration of the offsite consequences for a worst‐case scenario. This was done at the request of the client as it reflected their degree of risk acceptance. The consequences of two hazard scenarios were analyzed: an unconfined vapor cloud explosion and a Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion (BLEVE). To support this analysis, the mechanical integrity of the sphere was evaluated deterministically by considering the pressure vessel design documents, the limited nondestructive test and evaluation data available, and published data on typical corrosion rates. Additional factors incorporated into the analysis were the capabilities of the existing fire protection system, the facility security system, and the propane unloading station for tank car deliveries. Finally, the economics of maintaining the sphere versus decommissioning it were explored. Ultimately, the utility decided to decommission the sphere.In this article, we conduct a retrospective study using a risk‐based approach. We identify a set of hazard scenarios for the propane storage sphere, calculate the leak frequency for each scenario, compute the associated source term, and evaluate the consequences. The results are compared with the original consequence analysis and other published hazard studies. The implications for risk management are discussed. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2013
Frequency domain‐based nonlinearity detection and compensation in Lur'e systems
Authors: Rijlaarsdam D. J. , Setiadi A. C. , Nuij P. W. J. M. , Schoukens J. , Steinbuch M. 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYNonlinearities often lead to performance degradation in controlled dynamical systems. This paper provides a new, frequency domain‐based method, for detection and optimal compensation of performance degrading nonlinear effects in Lur'e‐type systems. It is shown that for such systems a sinusoidal response to a sinusoidal input is necessary and sufficient to show the existence of an equivalent linear and time invariant dynamical model that fully captures the systems’ dynamics for a well‐defined set of input signals and initial conditions. This allows to quantify nonlinear effects by using a frequency domain performance measure and yields a novel method to design optimized static compensator structures that minimize performance degrading nonlinear effects. Moverover, the methods discussed in this paper allow to quantify the performance of nonlinear systems on the basis of output measurements only while requiring little knowledge about the nonlinearity and other system dynamics, which yields a useful tool to optimize performance in practice without requiring advanced nonlinear modeling or identification techniques. Finally, the theoretical results are accompanied by examples that illustrate their application in practice.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strategy Use for Reading English for General and Specific Academic Purposes in Testing and Nontesting Contexts
Authors: Chou Mu‐hsuan 
Published: April 2013

AbstractLanguage‐use strategies are considered potentially effective approaches that learners select to accomplish a second‐ or foreign‐language task. In the past three decades, there has been a proliferation of research concerned with learners' strategy use at different levels of language ability and the influence of L1 learner strategies on L2 language learning. The present study, however, looked at an underresearched topic: what strategies EFL learners adopted to read two types of articles (general and subject‐specific) in both testing and nontesting contexts. Ninety‐two Chinese‐major university students taking a Journalistic English course participated in the study. Questionnaires with follow‐up interviews, and retrospective self‐reports were employed. The results showed that the participants used similar strategies but to different degrees while reading general and subject‐specific articles and taking reading comprehension tests. Also, the participants' comprehension of the two types of reading genres in testing and nontesting situations was, in part, determined by their information‐processing stages and accessibility of schemata. When attempts to use cognitive strategies failed, strategies for monitoring, regulating, and managing information were adopted to compensate for the incomprehension of articles. The findings suggest that effective teaching for intermediate university‐level EFL students like the sample group should encompass a combination of subject‐specific language and content reinforcement followed by strategic reading instruction using subject‐specific articles.
Surface morphology and wettability of sandblasted PEEK and its composites
Authors: Ourahmoune R. , Salvia M. , Mathia T.G. , Mesrati N. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryPolyEtherEtherKetone (PEEK) is an advanced high‐performance thermoplastic polymer, and its composites are used extensively in the aeronautical industry. This paper presents an experimental approach to determine the role of sandblasting treatment on surface morphology modifications of PEEK and its composites, with the aim of developing a topographic characterization in order to propose pertinent parameters that correlate with contact angles from wettability measurement. Sandblasting (fine abrasive particle projection) was selected as the surface treatment, in order to obtain various morphologically quasi‐isotropic surfaces. Two surface metrological approaches to topographical characterization were used to correlate the wettability behavior with the surface roughness parameters, the first based on 2D profile analysis and the second on 3D topography analysis. Two different unreinforced grades of PEEK and four composites: discontinuous carbon fiber or glass fiber‐reinforced, oriented, and unoriented, were studied. The experimental results indicated the sandblasting process duration necessary to reach a morphological steady state. It was stated that one of the pertinent parameters is the mean slope of roughness motif in 2D profile characterization, as confirmed by previous findings for anisotropic morphologies. However, for all cases, a new topographic parameterSr, combining the surface amplitude and the summit density distribution, is proposed as a factor well‐correlated with wettability characteristics. SCANNING 36:64–75, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
20 Jahre technisch‐wissenschaftlicher Erfahrungsaustausch im Praktikergespräch: Ein geschichtlicher Rückblick
Authors: Bucak Ömer , Grotmann Dietmar , Gundel Walter , Heise Franz‐Josef 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDas so genannte Praktikergespräch wurde vor 20 Jahren gemeinsam von Konstrukteuren und Forschungseinrichtungen als Diskussionsrunde zum Einsatz hochfester Feinkornbaustähle in der technischen Praxis gegründet. Dieser Beitrag zeigt die Erfolgsgeschichte dieser Idee auf.Looking back on 20 years of exchanging engineering science experiences on a practical level. The first so called Praktikergespräch (meeting of practitioners) was founded jointly by designers and research institutes 20 years ago. The aim was to provide a forum to discuss the use of high‐strength fine‐grain structural steels in engineering practice. This article reveals the success story of that idea.
Efficient posterior exploration of a high‐dimensional groundwater model from two‐stage Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation and polynomial chaos expansion
Authors: Laloy Eric , Rogiers Bart , Vrugt Jasper A. , Mallants Dirk , Jacques Diederik 
Published: April 2013

Key PointsEfficient two‐stage MCMC simulation for CPU‐demanding samplingReal‐world application to the inference of a multi‐layered 3D aquifer modelA 2‐5 times observed speed up in sampling efficiency
Regorafenib in Japanese patients with solid tumors: phase I study of safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics
Authors: Sunakawa Yu , Furuse Junji , Okusaka Takuji , Ikeda Masafumi , Nagashima Fumio , Ueno Hideki , Mitsunaga Shuichi , Hashizume Kensei , Ito Yuichiro , Sasaki Yasutsuna 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe safety, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity of the multikinase inhibitor regorafenib in Japanese patients was assessed in this multicenter, single-arm, phase I trial. Fifteen patients with treatment-refractory advanced solid tumors received regorafenib 160 mg once daily for the first 3 weeks of each 4-week cycle until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or investigator or patient decision to stop. The median duration of treatment was 2.1 months (range, 0.9–20.1 months). At data cutoff, one patient was still receiving regorafenib in cycle 21. Reasons for treatment discontinuation were disease progression (n = 12) and adverse events (liver enzyme elevation n = 1; anemia n = 1). Adverse events necessitated dose reduction in six patients, interruption of daily treatment in seven patients, and cycle delay in four patients. All patients experienced at least one drug-related adverse event, particularly gastrointestinal (87 %), dermatologic (73 %), or hematologic (67 %) events. There was no significant change in time to maximum concentration or terminal half-life of regorafenib and its active metabolites M2 and M5 between single dosing and 21-day continuous dosing. The area under the concentration–time curve was 2.1-fold higher for regorafenib, 5.2-fold higher for M2, and 37.3-fold higher for M5, and the maximum concentration was 2.0-fold, 4.8-fold, and 36.0-fold higher, respectively, after continuous dosing than after single dosing. One patient had a partial response (duration 10.5 months) and seven patients had stable disease. This study indicates that regorafenib 160 mg orally once daily (21 days on/7 days off treatment) can be given to Japanese patients who have solid tumors, without undue toxicity.
Intrinsic ergodicity via obstruction entropies
Authors: CLIMENHAGA VAUGHN , THOMPSON DANIEL J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBowen showed that a continuous expansive map with specification has a unique measure of maximal entropy. We show that the conclusion remains true under weaker non-uniform versions of these hypotheses. To this end, we introduce the notions of obstructions to expansivity and specification, and show that if the entropy of such obstructions is smaller than the topological entropy of the map, then there is a unique measure of maximal entropy.
Jurisdictional Borderlands: Extraterritoriality and “Legal Chameleons” in Precolonial Alexandria, 1840–1870
Authors: Fahmy Ziad 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis essay highlights the role of thousands of nineteenth-century Alexandrian residents with multiple extraterritorial legal identities. The manner with which extraterritoriality was practiced in Egypt effectively gave Western consulates legal jurisdiction not only over their citizens but also over all those able, through whatever means, to acquire protégé status. Many Alexandrians acquired legal protection from multiple consulates, shifting their legal identities in order to maximize their immediate social and economic interests. These legal realities present historians with the dilemma of how to account for and “classify” this highly flexible and syncretic society. I strive to answer this question through the use of a borderland lens. Realizing that the heart of Egypt's borderland society was legal has led me to consider the concept of “jurisdictional borderland” as a productive method for examining the complexity of Egypt's nineteenth-century heterogeneous population. I define a jurisdictional borderland as a significant contact zone where there are multiple, often competing legal authorities and where some level of jurisdictional ambiguity exists. Jurisdictional borderlanders have their own unique and independent agenda that often conflicts with many of the competing “national” or imperial positions. Without an allegiance to any single government—be it Egyptian, Ottoman, or Western—and living in a peripheral environment with multiple, separate, and often competing “national” institutions, these borderlanders thrived in the jurisdictional spaces created in between multiple authorities. I conclude by suggesting how a jurisdictional borderland lens is useful for globally investigating other colonial and precolonial cities, many of which had similar extraterritorial legal systems.
Turk and Jew in Berlin: The First Turkish Migration to Germany and the Shoah
Authors: Baer Marc David 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn this paper I critically examine the conflation of Turk with Muslim, explore the Turkish experience of Nazism, and examine Turkey's relation to the darkest era of German history. Whereas many assume that Turks in Germany cannot share in the Jewish past, and that for them the genocide of the Jews is merely a borrowed memory, I show how intertwined the history of Turkey and Germany, Turkish and German anti-Semitism, and Turks and Jews are. Bringing together the histories of individual Turkish citizens who were Jewish or Dönme (descendants of Jews) in Nazi Berlin with the history of Jews in Turkey, I argue the categories “Turkish” and “Jewish” were converging identities in the Third Reich. Untangling them was a matter of life and death. I compare the fates of three neighbors in Berlin: Isaak Behar, a Turkish Jew stripped of his citizenship by his own government and condemned to Auschwitz; Fazli Taylan, a Turkish citizen and Dönme, whom the Turkish government exerted great efforts to save; and Eric Auerbach, a German Jew granted refuge in Turkey. I ask what is at stake for Germany and Turkey in remembering the narrative of the very few German Jews saved by Turkey, but in forgetting the fates of the far more numerous Turkish Jews in Nazi-era Berlin. I conclude with a discussion of the political effects today of occluding Turkish Jewishness by failing to remember the relationship between the first Turkish migration to Germany and the Shoah.
Illuminating Vestige: Amateur Archaeology and the Emergence of Historical Consciousness in Rural France
Authors: Hodges Matt 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis article provides a historical ethnography of an abrupt and transient awakening of interest in Roman vestige during the 1970s in rural France, and explores its implications for comparative understanding of historical consciousness in Western Europe. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in Languedoc, and particularly thecommuneof Monadières, it details a vogue for collecting pottery shards scattered in a nearby lagoon that developed among local inhabitants. The article frames this as a ritualized “expressive historicity” emergent from political economic restructuring, cultural transformation, and time-space compression. It analyses the catalyzing role of a historian who introduced discursive forms into thecommunefor symbolizing the shards, drawn from regionalist and socialist historiography, which local people adapted to rearticulate the historicity of lived experience as a novel, hybrid genre of “historical consciousness.” These activities are conceptualized as a “reverse historiography.” Elements of historiographical and archaeological discourses—for example, chronological depth, collation and evaluation of material relics—are reinvented to alternate ends, partly as a subversive “response” to contact with such discourses. The practice emerges as a mediation of distinct ways of apprehending the world at a significant historical juncture. Analysis explores the utility of new anthropological theories of “historicity”—an alternative to the established “historical idiom” for analyzing our relations with the past—which place historiography within the analytical frame, and enable consideration of the temporality of historical experience. Findings suggest that the alterity of popular Western cultural practices for invoking the past would reward further study.
Potential of entomopathogenic nematodes for the control of the banded fruit weevil,Phlyctinus callosus(Schönherr) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Ferreira T. , Malan A.P. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractEntomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) were evaluated for their potential use as biological control agents againstPhlyctinus callosus, the banded fruit weevil (BFW). The susceptibility of larvae and adults to EPN was evaluated using 400 infective juveniles (IJ) per insect after 4 days in 24-well bioassay trays. The nematode isolates used were all able to infect BFW, although the larvae were found to be more susceptible than were the adults. The percentage mortality for BFW larvae ranged from 41 to 73% and for BFW adults from 13 to 45%. The most effective isolate, SF41 ofHeterorhabditis zealandica, was used to investigate the effect of vertical movement of nematodes in sand and sandy loam soil, at specified concentration and temperature. A higher (82.2 ± 0.084%) percentage mortality rate was obtained with the sandy loam soil, than with the use of sand (67.5 ± 0.12%). The LD50and LD90values after 4 days of incubation were 96 and 278 IJ/50 μl, respectively. Nematodes were inactive below 15°C, with the highest mortality of 74 ± 0.081% for BFW larvae recorded at 25°C.Heterorhabditis zealandicawas able to complete its life cycle successfully in sixth-instar BFW larvae after a period of 22 days. The study showed BFW larvae not to be as susceptible to nematode infection as they need a high concentration (400 IJ/larva) and 4 days to give effective control.