bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early elevation of albumin excretion rate is associated with poor gluten‐free diet adherence in young people with coeliac disease and diabetes
Authors: Pham‐Short A. , C. Donaghue K. , Ambler G. , K. Chan A. , Hing S. , Cusumano J. , E. Craig M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimsThere are conflicting data on microvascular complications in coexisting Type 1 diabetes and coeliac disease. We compared complications rates in youth with or without coeliac disease and examined the association between gluten‐free diet adherence and complications.MethodsThis was a comparative study of adolescents (2510 without coeliac disease, 129 with coeliac disease); 60 (47%) did not adhere to a gluten‐free diet—defined as elevated anti‐tissue transglutaminase or endomysial immunoglobulin A titres. Retinopathy was detected using 7‐field fundal photography and albumin excretion rate by timed overnight urine collections, with early elevation defined as albumin excretion rate ≥ 7.5 μg/min. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between complications and explanatory variables, including coeliac disease vs. no coeliac disease, gluten‐free diet adherence vs. non‐adherence, diabetes duration and HbA1c.ResultsMedian age at last assessment was 16.5 years. Those with coeliac disease vs. those without were younger at diabetes diagnosis (7.1 vs. 8.6 years, P < 0.001) and had longer diabetes duration (9.3 vs. 7.2 years, P < 0.001). HbA1c was lower in those with coeliac disease vs. those without (67 vs. 70 mmol/mol, 8.3 vs. 8.6%, P = 0.04) and adherence to a gluten‐free diet vs. non‐adherence (66 vs. 72 mmol/mol, 8.2 vs. 8.7%, P = 0.003). There were no differences in complication rates between those with coeliac disease vs. those without (retinopathy 22 vs. 23%, elevated albumin excretion rate 31 vs. 28%). Non‐adherence to a gluten‐free diet was associated with elevated albumin excretion rate (40 vs. 23%, P = 0.04). In multivariable logistic regression, elevated albumin excretion rate was associated with non‐adherence to a gluten‐free diet (odds ratio 2.37, 95% CI 1.04–5.40, P = 0.04) and diabetes duration (odds ratio 1.13, 95% CI 1.02–1.25, P = 0.03), but not HbA1c.ConclusionsWhile glycaemic control is better in patients with coeliac disease, non‐adherence to a gluten‐free diet is associated with elevated albumin excretion rate. The possible protection of a gluten‐free diet on complications warrants further investigation.
General practice‐recorded depression and antidepressant use in young people with newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetes: a cohort study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink
Authors: Morgan E. , Patterson C. C. , Cardwell C. R. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimsTo investigate whether young people with Type 1 diabetes have an increased rate of depression and antidepressant use and whether their risk varies by age group, time from diabetes diagnosis, calendar period of diagnosis or complications status.MethodsA cohort of incident cases of patients with Type 1 diabetes diagnosed before 35 years of age (n = 5548) was identified within the Clinical Practice Research Datalink and individually age and sex matched with up to two control subjects without diabetes (n = 10 657). Patients with depression were identified through general practice‐recorded depression codes and antidepressant prescriptions. Cox regression models gave hazard ratios for depression in people with Type 1 diabetes compared with control subjects.ResultsPeople with Type 1 diabetes were twice as likely to have a record of antidepressant use and general practice‐diagnosed depression as their matched control subjects (hazard ratio 2.08, 95% CI 1.73–2.50, P < 0.001). These associations varied by time from diagnosis, with marked increases observed within the first 5 years of diagnosis (hazard ratio 2.14, 95% CI 1.51–3.03, P < 0.001), and by age at diabetes diagnosis, with excesses noted even in the 10‐ to 19‐year age group (hazard ratio 1.45, 95% CI 1.06–1.98, P = 0.02).ConclusionsThis population‐based study shows that people with Type 1 diabetes have higher rates of general practice‐recorded depression and antidepressant use. The excess is present within 5 years of diabetes diagnosis, suggesting psychological input for patients is warranted in the early years of their condition.
Diabetes‐Oriented Learning Family Intervention (DOLFIN): a feasibility study evaluating an intervention for carers of young persons with Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Ridge K. , Thomas S. , Jackson P. , Pender S. , Heller S. , Treasure J. , Ismail K. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimsTo describe the development of an intervention for parents and carers of young people with Type 1 diabetes and assess the feasibility, acceptability and emerging clinical themes.MethodsParticipants were carers of young persons aged 10–18 years with a diagnosis of Type 1 diabetes of more than 12 months' duration in two inner‐city South London hospitals. Carers were invited to attend six sessions of a group workshop where they received emotional support, diabetes education and were taught motivational interviewing techniques to support their child.ResultsOut of 106 eligible participants, carers of 31 young people with Type 1 diabetes were recruited, 17 of whom ‘completed’ the intervention (attending four or more sessions). Participants discussed a variety of themes in session, including the increasing difficulty of diabetes management as children grow older, parenting techniques for managing diabetes in the home and the emotional challenges of having a child with a chronic illness.ConclusionsEngaging parents in a carer intervention for Type 1 diabetes was a challenge, but parents who participated appeared to value the programme. Future interventions for carers need to take account of carers' wishes and expectations in order to maximize user uptake.
Adolescents and young adults with newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes demonstrate greater carotid intima‐media thickness than those with Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Gu W. , Huang Y. , Zhang Y. , Hong J. , Liu Y. , Zhan W. , Ning G. , Wang W. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimTo compare the carotid intima‐media thickness in patients with newly diagnosed Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes ranging from 14 to 30 years of age.MethodsDemographic, anthropometric and laboratory data were obtained from 404 adolescents and young adults (103 subjects with Type 1 diabetes, 94 with Type 2 diabetes, 153 obese subjects and 54 normal control subjects). Carotid intima‐media thickness was assessed based on Doppler ultrasound examination and compared among the four groups.ResultsOur data showed significant increases in carotid intima‐media thickness in subjects with Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes and obese subjects compared with the control subjects, with those in the group with Type 2 diabetes demonstrating the greatest change (P < 0.001). Age, BMI, percentage of fat, waist–hip ratio and total triglycerides were significantly correlated with both common and internal carotid intima‐media thickness segments. From a stepwise multiple linear regression model, the independent determinants of common carotid intima‐media thickness were age, BMI, HbA1c and HDL cholesterol (adjusted R2 = 0.152, P < 0.001). After adjustment for age, sex and HbA1c, the odds ratio for increased carotid intima‐media thickness was 1.67 (95% CI 1.19–2.33, P = 0.003) for obese subjects, 2.38 (95% CI 1.59–9.47, P = 0.001) for subjects with Type 1 diabetes and 3.93 (95% CI 1.90–6.07, P = 0001) for subjects with Type 2 diabetes compared with the control subjects.ConclusionsCompared with young control subjects, we found significant increases in carotid intima‐media thickness in patients with newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes, with patients with Type 2 diabetes showing greater carotid intima‐media thickness. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors, such as obesity, dyslipidaemia, hypertension and hyperglycaemia, could cause vessel changes even in adolescents and young adults.
Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 inhibition with AZD7687 alters lipid handling and hormone secretion in the gut with intolerable side effects: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Denison H. , Nilsson C. , Löfgren L. , Himmelmann A. , Mårtensson G. , Knutsson M. , AL‐Shurbaji A. , Tornqvist H. , Eriksson J. W. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimInhibition of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) is a potential treatment modality for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, based on preclinical data suggesting it is associated with insulin sensitization and weight loss. This randomized, placebo‐controlled, phase 1 study in 62 overweight or obese men explored the effects and tolerability of AZD7687, a reversible and selective DGAT1 inhibitor.MethodsMultiple doses of AZD7687 (1, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg/day, n = 6 or n = 12 for each) or placebo (n = 20) were administered for 1 week. Postprandial serum triacylglycerol (TAG) was measured for 8 h after a standardized 45% fat meal. Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) and peptide YY (PYY) were measured and a paracetamol challenge was performed to assess gastric emptying.ResultsDose‐dependent reductions in postprandial serum TAG were demonstrated with AZD7687 doses ≥5 mg compared with placebo (p < 0.01). Significant (p < 0.001) increases in plasma GLP‐1 and PYY levels were seen at these doses, but no clear effect on gastric emptying was demonstrated at the end of treatment. With AZD7687 doses >5 mg/day, gastrointestinal (GI) side effects increased; 11/18 of these participants discontinued treatment owing to diarrhoea.ConclusionsAltered lipid handling and hormone secretion in the gut were demonstrated during 1‐week treatment with the DGAT1 inhibitor AZD7687. However, the apparent lack of therapeutic window owing to GI side effects of AZD7687, particularly diarrhoea, makes the utility of DGAT1 inhibition as a novel treatment for diabetes and obesity questionable.
Steady‐state pharmacokinetics and glucodynamics of the novel, long‐acting basal insulin LY2605541 dosed once‐daily in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Sinha V. P. , Howey D. C. , Choi S. L. , Mace K. F. , Heise T. 
Published: October 2013

AimsTo assess the pharmacokinetics (PK) and glucodynamics (GD) of LY2605541 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.MethodsThis parallel‐group, open‐label, dose‐escalation study examined the PK and GD of basal insulin LY2605541 after single and multiple‐dose administration. Fixed doses of LY2605541 (0.33–1.00 U/kg) were given once‐daily (QD) for 14 days to insulin‐treated patients with type 2 diabetes. A 24‐h euglycaemic glucose clamp was conducted on days 1 and 14.ResultsPK steady state was achieved within 7–10 days and the peak‐to‐trough fluctuation was <2, translating to a nearly ‘peakless’ glucose infusion rate at steady state and with a duration of action of at least 24 h. Across dose levels t1/2 ranged from 44.7 to 75.5 h (˜2–3 days). As steady state was achieved, there were dose‐dependent reductions in the prandial insulin dose and in fasting blood glucose, which decreased to 60–100 mg/dl across dose levels. Within‐patient variability was <14 and <26% for the area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC) of the 8‐point blood glucose profile and fasting blood glucose, respectively. The nocturnal glucose control between 03:00 and 09:00 hours was relatively unchanged. Mild hypoglycaemia was the most common adverse event.ConclusionsIn this Phase I study of fixed LY2605541 doses without titration, LY2605541 was well‐tolerated and demonstrated a flat PK and GD profile accompanied by glucose normalization, prandial insulin dose reduction and no severe hypoglycaemia.
Simplified Single Plane Echocardiography Is Comparable to Conventional Biplane Two‐Dimensional Echocardiography in the Evaluation of Left Atrial Volume: A Study Validated by Three‐Dimensional Echocardiography in 143 Individuals
Authors: Vieira‐Filho Normando G. , Mancuso Frederico J. N. , Oliveira Wercules A. A. , Gil Manuel A. , Fischer Cláudio H. , Moises Valdir A. , Campos Orlando 
Published: October 2013

The left atrial volume index (LAVI) is a biomarker of diastolic dysfunction and a predictor of cardiovascular events. Three‐dimensional echocardiography (3DE) is highly accurate for LAVI measurements but is not widely available. Furthermore, biplane two‐dimensional echocardiography (B2DE) may occasionally not be feasible due to a suboptimal two‐chamber apical view. Simplified single plane two‐dimensional echocardiography (S2DE) could overcome these limitations. We aimed to compare the reliability of S2DE with other validated echocardiographic methods in the measurement of the LAVI. We examined 143 individuals (54 ± 13 years old; 112 with heart disease and 31 healthy volunteers; all with sinus rhythm, with a wide range of LAVI). The results for all the individuals were compared with B2DE‐derived LAVIs and validated using 3DE. The LAVIs, as determined using S2DE (32.7 ± 13.1 mL/m2), B2DE (31.9 ± 12.7 mL/m2), and 3DE (33.1 ± 13.4 mL/m2), were not significantly different from each other (P = 0.85). The S2DE‐derived LAVIs correlated significantly with those obtained using both B2DE (r = 0.98; P < 0.001) and 3DE (r = 0.93; P < 0.001). The mean difference between the S2DE and B2DE measurements was <1.0 mL/m2. Using the American Society of Echocardiography criteria for grading LAVI enlargement (normal, mild, moderate, severe), we observed an excellent agreement between the S2DE‐ and B2DE‐derived classifications (κ = 0.89; P < 0.001). S2DE is a simple, rapid, and reliable method for LAVI measurement that may expand the use of this important biomarker in routine echocardiographic practice.
Adiponectin and p53 mRNA in epicardial and subcutaneous fat from heart failure patients
Authors: Agra Rosa M. , Teijeira‐Fernández Elvis , Pascual‐Figal Domingo , Sánchez‐Más Jesús , Fernández‐Trasancos Ángel , González‐Juanatey José R. , Eiras Sonia 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectiveHeart failure (HF) is associated with a pro‐inflammatory state in epicardial fat, but the involved mechanisms are not entirely clear. The aim of our study was to assess the relationship between p53 and adiponectin mRNA in epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in patients with heart failure and its sympathetic regulation.MethodsEpicardial adipose tissue and SAT samples were obtained from 63 patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery. EAT and SAT explants culture from seven patients were stimulated with isoprenaline 0·1 or 1 uM for 6 h. p53 and adiponectin mRNA expression was measured in frozen biopsies or explants culture from both fat pads by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).ResultsWe observed that EAT expressed more p53 mRNA than SAT (1·73 ± 0·07 vs. 1·69 ± 0·04, P < 0·001) and its levels were higher in HF patients (1·75 ± 0·07 vs. 1·70 ± 0·04, P < 0·01 in EAT and 1·70 ± 0·04 vs. 1·67 ± 0·04, P < 0·05 in SAT). Moreover, p53 mRNA expression was negatively correlated with adiponectin in EAT. After analysing the p53 mRNA regulation by isoprenaline, we observed that only EAT p53 expression increased after adrenergic stimulation (1·63 ± 0·01 vs. 1·66 ± 0·02; P = 0·024).Conclusionsp53 mRNA expression levels, inversely correlated with adiponectin, increase in EAT of HF patients and can be regulated by sympathetic activation pathway. Our findings can help to explain the deleterious effect of sympathetic activation in HF.
Sleep apnoea patients have higher mortality when confronting sepsis
Authors: Huang Chien‐Yu , Chen Yung‐Tai , Wu Li‐An , Liu Chia‐Jen , Chang Shi‐Chuan , Perng Diahn‐Warng , Chen Yuh‐Min , Chen Tzeng‐Ji , Lee Yu‐Chin , Chou Kun‐Ta 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundSleep is essential for the maintenance of an intact immune function. Patients with sleep apnoea experience frequent sleep interruption due to apnoea‐related arousals, possibly adversely impacting their immunity and affecting their outcomes when confronting sepsis. This case–control study aimed to compare the outcomes of sepsis patients with and without sleep apnoea.MethodsFrom 2000 to 2009, 168 sleep apnoea patients who were first admitted for sepsis were identified from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Also, 672 sepsis patients without sleep apnoea, who were matched by age, gender and Charlson's comorbidity index scores, served as controls. Hospital outcomes of the two groups were compared. Binary logistic regression was employed for multivariate analysis.ResultsThe mortality rates of sepsis patients with and without sleep apnoea were 60·1% and 47·9%, respectively (P = 0·005). After multivariate adjustment, sleep apnoea (OR: 1·805, 95% CI: 1·227–2·656, P = 0·003), presence of shock (OR: 3·600, 95% CI: 2·144–6·046, P < 0·001) and number of organs with dysfunction (OR: 1·591, 95% CI: 1·087–2·329, P = 0·017) were found to be independently associated with mortality. Sleep apnoea patients who needed continuous positive airway pressure treatment had an even higher risk of mortality.ConclusionsSepsis patients with sleep apnoea may have poorer hospital outcomes than those without sleep apnoea.
Dynamics of serum‐induced endothelial cell apoptosis in patients with myocardial infarction
Authors: Forteza Maria J. , Novella Susana , Trapero Isabel , Hermenegildo Carlos , Ruiz‐Sauri Amparo , Chaustre Fabian , Bonanad Clara , Oltra Ricardo , Palacios Lorena , O′Connor J. Enrique , Chorro Francisco J. , Bodi Vicente 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundIn patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) reperfused with primary coronary intervention (PCI), the dynamics of endothelial cell (EC) viability, apoptosis and necrosis and its relationship with the structural consequences on the left ventricle have not been addressed so far.DesignIn 20 STEMI patients, we incubated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with serum drawn before reperfusion and subsequently afterwards (24, 96 h, 30 days). Viability, apoptosis and necrosis percentages were evaluated by flow cytometry. Values were compared with 12 age‐ and sex‐matched control subjects with normal coronary arteries. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) was performed during the first week after infarction.ResultsSerum from STEMI patients induced a progressive loss of EC viability, with a nadir of 67·7 ± 10·2% at 96 h (baseline: 75 ± 6% and controls: 80·2 ± 3·9%, P < 0·001 in both cases). This is due to an increase in apoptosis that peaked at 96 h after reperfusion (15·2 ± 7·1% vs. 11 ± 6 at baseline and 5·8 ± 1·6% in controls, P < 0·001 in both cases). However, no significant dynamic changes in EC necrosis were detected. Extensive myocardial oedema (> 30%, median of left ventricular mass) was the only CMR variable significantly associated with a higher percentage of EC apoptosis at 96 h (extensive vs. nonextensive oedema: 18·3 ± 6·8% vs. 12·1 ± 6·3%, P < 0·05).ConclusionsDynamic changes in EC viability occur in the setting of STEMI patients reperfused with PCI, these changes peak late after reperfusion, they are mainly the result of an increase of apoptosis and are associated with the presence of extensive myocardial oedema.
Applications of basic fibroblastic growth factor (FGF‐2, bFGF) in dentistry
Authors: Sonmez Ayse B. , Castelnuovo Jacopo 
Published: October 2013

AbstractRecent developments in research have been based on the maintenance and regeneration of natural organs and tissues; among such developments is the use of growth factors (GFs). The use of basic fibroblastic growth factors (bFGF) may be indicated in different disciplines of dentistry such as periodontics and dental traumatology. These cells' ability to induce proliferation and differentiation of cells may make GFs a useful source for the development of natural structures. This mini‐review will discuss how bFGF can be beneficial to dentistry in relation to 1) re‐implantation/autotransplantation of avulsed teeth and 2) periodontal regeneration.
Pulpal response to sensibility tests after traumatic dental injuries in permanent teeth
Authors: Bastos Juliana Vilela , Goulart Eugenio Marcos Andrade , de Souza Côrtes Maria Ilma 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackground/AimThe assessment of pulp vitality is one of the major challenges in dental traumatology due to the temporary loss of sensibility after trauma and because of the limitations of conventional pulp tests. The aim of this study was to evaluate pulpal response to sensibility tests and to determine their accuracy after crown fractures and luxation injuries.Materials and methodsA total of 121 permanent anterior teeth from 78 patients treated at the Dental Trauma Clinic of the Federal University of Minas Gerais were evaluated. Responses to pulp sensibility tests were monitored for a minimum period of 24 months or until the diagnosis of pulp necrosis.ResultsAt the first appointment, 68 teeth responded positively to sensibility tests, one tooth was necrotic and 52 teeth did not respond to sensibility tests but showed no other signs of necrosis. The initial lack of response was not associated with age (P = 0.18), but was related to the presence of luxation (P < 0.001). At the final appointment, 87 teeth were classified as vital and 31 were classified as non‐vital. While a positive response shortly after trauma was a good predictor of vitality, a lack of response was not associated with subsequent necrosis. The final pulpal condition of the teeth that initially did not respond was associated with the type of injury, as displaced teeth tended to develop necrosis (P = 0.008). The accuracy of each sensibility test at the initial and final appointments was, respectively, 55.1% and 67.8% for the heat test, 55.9% and 77.9% for the cold test, and 57.6% and 89% for the electrical test. Conclusions.A temporary loss of sensibility was a frequent finding during post‐traumatic pulpal healing, especially after luxation injuries. All sensibility tests presented low accuracy shortly after trauma. The electrical test provided the best support for pulpal diagnosis after long‐term follow up. The clinician must be aware of additional signs of crown discoloration and radiographic changes before initiating endodontic treatment.
Invasive plant population and herbivore identity affect latex induction
Authors: GU XUE , SIEMANN EVAN , ZHU LIN , GAO SHAOXIONG , WANG YI , DING JIANQING 
Published: October 2013

Latex functions as a physical and chemical defence against herbivores that may vary in their responses to latex quantity and chemical composition. In their introduced ranges, many exotic plants experience reduced herbivore regulation, especially from specialist herbivores, which may lead to differences in defences among native and invasive populations.
Here, we compared latex produced by seedlings from native and invasive populations of tallow tree (Triadica sebifera) when damaged by a native specialist or generalist caterpillar.
We measured the growth of caterpillars fed leaves of plants from native and invasive populations that had latex washed from the leaves or were unwashed controls.
We found that constitutive latex mass, tannins and flavonoids of plants from invasive and native populations were similar. The masses of caterpillars fed leaves from native and invasive populations were comparable regardless of leaf washing.
We also found that the specialist induced more latex production than the generalist did, especially for plants from invasive populations. Tannins increased and flavonoids decreased when plants were damaged by the generalist caterpillar but neither changed when plants were damaged by the specialist caterpillar.
Our results suggest divergent selection on the physical and chemical properties of latex in the introduced range. The quantity of latex produced was more sensitive to herbivore identity in the introduced range but the specificity of the latex chemical response was retained.