bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
R&D offshoring in multinational enterprises
Authors: Rao P.M. , Chandra Ramdas , Shin Jongtae 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine recent trends in R&D offshoring by US multinational enterprises (MNEs) against a well‐established conceptual framework derived from transaction cost and internalization theories, as well as challenges to it.Design/methodology/approachThe paper develops and tests a parsimonious model of cross‐country variation in R&D performed by affiliates of MNEs based on a 31‐country, 15‐year dataset of US non‐bank majority‐owned foreign affiliates (MOFAs).FindingsConsistent with the implications of transaction cost and internalization frameworks, the findings show that the location of R&D offshoring is significantly determined by ownership of physical assets by MNEs in the host country and host country technological capability.Practical implicationsR&D offshoring can enhance the quality and the quantity of knowledge flows between home country and host country R&D centers. The resulting positive knowledge spill‐over effects can increase the welfare and productivity of an MNE and its home country in the long run.Originality/valueThe paper provides a comprehensive explanation for MNEs' R&D offshoring based on transaction costs, internalization framework and technological factors.
Towards the effective ASEAN mutual legal assistance in combating money laundering
Authors: Le Nguyen Chat 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the issue of mutual legal assistance (MLA) within the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in combating money laundering.Design/methodology/approachThis paper first examines the scenario of money laundering (ML) in Southeast Asia and the ASEAN's response. It then discusses the legal framework and practice of regional MLA in anti‐money laundering (AML). Statistic and hypothetical cases will be provided to illustrate the arguments.FindingsDespite the strongly political commitment, ASEAN States have failed in response to ML effectively. MLA that is one of the most important forms of regional cooperation in combating ML has confronted a range of barriers. Insufficient capacity of law enforcement across the region and disparities among national criminal laws are the utmost barriers. Among the ASEAN State authorised agencies, police is a crucial one in processing MLA for AML.Originality/valueThis paper would be beneficial for the regional policy makers and law enforcement agencies in order to make the regional cooperation in combating ML more effective.
A new approach to the criminalization of terrorist financing and its compatibility with Sharia law
Authors: Tofangsaz Hamed 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to re‐discover the nature of the crime of terrorist financing in order to challenge the assumption which requires the criminalization of terrorist financing as a predicate crime to money laundering.Design/methodology/approachIllustrating the nature of the crime of terrorist financing and money laundering, the necessity of the criminalization of terrorist financing as an inchoate crime in accordance with the principles of Islamic criminal law will be examined.FindingsWhile the criminalization of money laundering in Islam is based on the illegality of crimes already happened, impermissibility of terrorist financing needs to be forward‐looking, concentrating on the destination of the crime of terrorist financing. This requires criminalization of terrorist financing as an inchoate offence which is compatible with the principles of Islamic criminal law.Originality/valueThe paper provides new insight into the criminalization of terrorist financing.
The capacity of health services research to support integrated care in England
Authors: Meads Geoffrey , White Donna , Westmore Matthew 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThis report aims to examine the capacity for research to support integrated care developments. The focus is on health service research agencies in English universities. It is designed to promote an understanding of alternative approaches as national research programmes offer new opportunities for larger and more rigorous studies.Design/methodology/approachThe approach draws on three analyses of different data from relevant programmes of the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) over a 30 month period. The data are derived from commissioning briefs, monitoring reports and annual reviews. Relevant international comparisons indicate possible responses to deficits.FindingsThe review points to a process of normalisation, through which integrated care has become an important standard dimension of health services research in England. While the commissioning of studies related to integrated care is shown to demonstrate a sustained and enhanced profile, the capacity of higher education providers appears to be changing. The growing emphasis on health services research corresponds with increased research leadership from clinical and public health academics, which raises questions regarding future multi‐disciplinary and social sciences contributions and projects on lateral forms of integrated care.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings are only derived from a single source from the NIHR portfolio, and a period in which there were significant and structural changes in the NHS and administration of relevant NIHR programmes.Originality/valueThe review is the first of its kind in employing aggregate NIHR programme data. It offers an original typology of higher education research agencies and novel insights into comparable developments elsewhere.
Utilising multi‐aspectual understanding as a framework for ERP success evaluation
Authors: Jahanyan Saeed , Azar Adel , Danaee Fard Hasan 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to apply a philosophical framework in order to come to a life‐world oriented understanding of an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system for evaluating system success. To do so, according to Dooyeweerd's theory of aspects, a multi‐aspectual understanding is derived based on end‐user's everyday experience of the system.Design/methodology/approachThrough a qualitative case study, data are gathered based on 17 semi‐structured interviews. The company within which this study was conducted is an Iranian manufacturer which fully implemented a SAP R/3 system about four years ago. In order to analyze text data, an interpretive text analysis is conducted.FindingsAccording to the results, among all 15 aspects and from end users’ point of view, the qualifying aspects are analytical, pistic, economic and formative, which means that the other aspects are ignored or repressed throughout the organization. All these qualifying aspects include both positive and negative norms but for three of them (analytical, economic and formative) the positive norms are dominant. Regarding the pistic aspect, even though it includes strong positive norms, they are not dominant compared to negative norms. Synthesizing results show that according to “Meeting objectives”, “User satisfaction” and “Emancipation” as general norms, ERP success, in order to be completely realized, requires each general norm to be considered as a multi‐aspectual criterion.Practical implicationsFirst, the management team has to concentrate not only on economic and formative objectives but also on the other aspectual objectives which are more qualitative and intangible. Each aspectual objective requires its own specific methods and data to be measured, therefore the management team must provide supportive conditions so that multiple measurement systems are allowed to be implemented. Second, through new long‐term plans, budgets and training courses, already ignored aspects such as psychic, lingual, social, aesthetic, juridical and ethical must be more focused in order to bring to them more visibility and recognition throughout the organization. Third, In order to increase the positive norms for all aspects, holding periodical workshops and training courses is helpful. In addition, implementing reward systems can be a complementary action in order to improve positive norms.Originality/valueThe paper shows that evaluating ERP success according to end users’ point of view brings more visibility to some issues which are usually ignored or missed by quantitative or uni‐aspectual approaches. Furthermore, utilizing Dooyeweerd's framework as a life‐oriented philosophy for evaluating ERP success is a novel work, which may lead to a kind of development and enrichment in the ERP success literature.
Working towards total quality management in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alhwairini Abdulrahman , Foley Andrea 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThere is an old adage that has some resonance with “the TQM journey”: a traveller asked for directions to their destination and got the reply, “Well, if I were you I would not start from here”. The purpose of this paper is to examine the preparedness of a case study organisation in relation to the selective critical success factors (leadership approach and continuous improvement) that are widely acknowledged as being crucial for the successful implementation of total quality management (TQM) regardless of the type of organisation. The case study is a not‐for‐profit organisation in Saudi Arabia, although the findings would assist any organisation in its TQM journey.Design/methodology/approachA conceptual framework was derived from the literature review. A survey was developed and distributed to a sample population in the organisation. Follow‐up interviews were carried out with key management staff.FindingsIt was found that the selected TQM pre‐requisites and the current state within the organisation are not aligned. Recommendations are made to address these shortcomings.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research could examine the influence of national culture and religion in adopting TQM practices in Arab countries.Practical implicationsMuch has been written about TQM in the academic literature. The paper investigates how that theory stands up in the workplace.Originality/valueThe paper adds to the body of knowledge about organisations in Saudi Arabia and their efforts to adopt modern business approaches and TQM in particular. Quality professionals and researchers alike will gain insights into some of the obstacles to the successful implementation of TQM.
Measuring the knowledge productivity
Authors: Ramezan Majid 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a validated model for measuring the knowledge productivity in knowledge‐based organizations.Design/methodology/approachA list of affecting factors on knowledge productivity was initially obtained from a literature review and verified by a panel of selected experts. The final model was formulated based on the responses of the experts. A survey questionnaire was then developed to collect data from knowledge workers.FindingsThe results show that there are strong correlations between organizational learning, intellectual capital and innovation. The statistical analysis support that the dimensions of learning (individual, group and organization) have positive impact on dimensions of intellectual capital (human, social and structural). Finally, the output of intellectual capital is the ability to create knowledge‐based results or innovation.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation of this research is the lack of literature about knowledge productivity.Originality/valueAs not many studies have been done on knowledge productivity, the paper's findings will be useful to assess the learning ability to create knowledge‐based results or innovation in organizations.
Health and safety: teaching law, educating for prevention
Authors: de Silva Carrie 
Published: September 2012

PurposeTeaching health and safety law to non‐lawyers can involve an unreceptive audience. The author works with prospective rural practice surveyors involved with the two highest risk working environments in the UK: construction and agriculture. Unlike construction, the agricultural industry has failed to reduce annual fatalities in the past quarter century and continues to account for around 20 percent of workplace deaths, whilst employing under two percent of the workforce. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching methods on both substantive learning and student attitudes.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology used is an iterative process of action research. The paper is introductory, reporting teaching approach and outline findings. Further data will be collected over forthcoming academic periods. The paper explores the use of court cases, as an introduction to studies, to pique student interest, enhance legal skills and, importantly, to attempt to influence behaviour. The paper sets out teaching issues and experiences and outlines judgments used in 2011/12.FindingsThe paper reviews the responses to preliminary research (self‐evaluation, peer review teaching observation, student questionnaires) ascertaining student attitudes and understanding of the area before and after teaching, and student engagement with pre‐class preparation.Research limitations/implicationsLimitations of the paper include length of study to date and measurable outcomes.Practical implicationsPractical implications include informing the attitudes of those with significant responsibilities in a vital area. A discrete academic/CPD programme for health and safety education is being developed as a result with far reaching impact.Originality/valueThe effectiveness of different teaching methods in health and safety law and practice in this area has not previously been evaluated.
Biometric solutions for today's travel security problems
Authors: Morosan Cristian 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the applicability of biometric systems in travel and explain how they can be used in response to today's increasing security problems.Design/methodology/approachThis research is conceptual. Its analysis is based on an extensive review of literature on biometric systems.FindingsBiometric systems can improve travel security without compromising consumer value, convenience, and privacy. Deployment of various applications of biometric systems (i.e. immigration/visitor management systems, trusted traveler programs) improve specific aspects of travel security. Biometric systems present challenges, associated with consumers' perceptions of system functionality, privacy, trust, and anxiety, which must be examined in the context of consumer adoption. To achieve synergy in travel information technology and provide benefits to all stakeholders, biometric systems must seamlessly integrate with other travel technologies, both intra‐firm and inter‐firm.Research limitations/implicationsThis research provides a domain statement for biometric systems in travel and stays at the foundation of a methodical approach for the study of biometric systems in travel. It offers a conceptual framework that asserts that an integrated deployment and adoption of biometric systems in travel can transform the current travel system into an ideal, more secure system. Further, this study formulates a number of propositions for further empirical examination of biometric systems in specific fields within travel.Practical implicationsThis research provides specific suggestions to integrate biometric systems with the existing systems to achieve synergies and derive benefits for travel stakeholders.Social implicationsAddressing the security‐privacy relationship, biometric systems have social implications. Travelers' concerns about privacy, fear of harm, trust, and anxiety are found to influence their view of biometric systems, with potential implications for adoption and use.Originality/valueTo date, there is scant academic research examining how biometric systems improve travel security. Thus, the position of this research is unique: it offers insight into a technology that is promising for both research and practitioners investigating the role of biometric systems in improving travel security and paves the way for a multitude of specific research directions.
A critical review of the literature on the rate of return risk in Islamic banks
Authors: Zainol Zairy , Hj. Kassim Salina 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThis paper aims to provide a critical review of the literature on the rate of return risk faced by Islamic banks.Design/methodology/approachThrough a thorough review of the literature, this paper presents the discussion among scholars regarding the rate of return risk in Islamic banks.FindingsOne of the major issues highlighted is the sensitivity of Islamic banks to the changes in the conventional interest rate due to the fact that many Islamic banking products are benchmarked against the conventional interest rate. Moreover, the limited techniques and instruments available to mitigate the rate of return risk also need serious attention by the regulators.Research limitations/implicationsThe study relies solely on the literature and highlights important issues in the area but does not provide any empirical evidence of the importance of rate of return risk to Islamic banks as it is beyond the scope of the paper.Practical implicationsThere are several issues that should be taken into consideration. First, the dearth of empirical research on the identification of the rate of return risk in Islamic banking highlights the need to develop appropriate methodology to enrich the study on the rate of return risk. Second, more focus is needed to determine the impact of rate of return risk on the financial stability and the performance of Islamic banks.Originality/valueThis paper highlights several important issues relating to the rate of return risk in Islamic banks that are not widely discussed among researchers. In particular, this paper emphasizes the need to identify, handle and mitigate such risks to ensure the stability of Islamic banks. Therefore, this paper identifies a gap that needs further exploration so as to contribute towards enriching the existing literature in this area.
Definitional constructs of cyber‐bullying and cyber‐aggression from a triangulatory overview: a preliminary study into elements of cyber‐bullying
Authors: Grigg Dorothy W. 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the acts that constitute cyber‐bullying and to see how from a lay concept these acts are classified.Design/methodology/approachData were gathered using two groups of participants (two Australian participants and three British participants may posit different cultural views). The first set of data was generated through cyber‐bullying element extraction from cyber‐bullying literature and interviews were conducted with five college students (three from the United Kingdom and two from Australia). The second set was generated through open ended demonstration of internet negative acts such as sending unwanted messages, rude images, threats and malicious messages in a scenario classification questionnaire. This involved the recruitment of 114 first year undergraduate psychology students in the United Kingdom. The scenario questionnaire measured participants' categorisation of internet negative acts from a lay perspective. Participants' perceptions of cyber‐bullying were examined through grounded theory and thematic narratives to see how these findings differ from literature in the cyber‐bullying arena.FindingsEmerging theory indicates the need to treat cyber‐bullying as a standalone entity without the confounding role that the more traditional concept of bullying plays in cyber bullying definitions. Additionally, internet negative acts, irrespective of their terminological classifications, were perceived as immoral and anti‐social. Suggestions were made to aid practitioners' to implement interventions against cyber‐bullying.Research limitations/implicationsParticipant numbers at stage one were limited. Thus, it is suggested future replication(s) of this study employ(s) a larger number of participants so as to ascertain the generalisability of findings. It is also suggested that potential future studies should employ quantitative analyses to further triangulate the findings of the current study.Originality/valueThe strength of the present study lies in its rich qualitative triangulation, as well as its focus on exploring elements that constitute cyber‐bullying from a lay perspective.
Terrorists meeting their victims: a case study of psychologists' experiences of former terrorists meeting survivors
Authors: Gargan Ian , Kelly Meldon Fíona , Aherne Cian , Fitzgerald Noelle , McNicholas Jane 
Published: September 2012

PurposeActs of violent extremism have become more regular in the past decade. Little research has managed to analyse the interplay between the individuals who have carried out these acts and those who have experienced them. By bringing two such groups together in direct contact with each other, The Summit Against Violent Extremism (SAVE) offered a unique opportunity to explore the experiences of former violent extremists and victims of terrorist acts. This article aims to focus on this initiative.Design/methodology/approachThe article is designed to take the reader through the discussions of three senior psychologists who attended SAVE to offer support to all involved. Their experiences and insights were gathered, within a focus group, to develop themes with the aim to discuss and share.FindingsPsychologists outlined social development, self‐identity, family and peer groups as critical to the development of extremist views and to the de‐radicalisation of such views. It was reported that the summit gave survivors a chance to express their anger in a positive setting but that this setting could be improved for future summits. Challenges that faced the psychologists included the multi‐lingual environment and confidentiality issues.Practical implicationsThe summit was seen as a successful means for developing an understanding of those who have taken part in acts of extreme violence and terror. The psychologists provide practical suggestions for future de‐radicalisation of people in extremist groups.Originality/valueThe role of therapeutic psychologists in such a summit was viewed as critically important as a support to both formers and survivors.
Predictive validity of self‐reported self‐control for different forms of recidivism
Authors: Grieger Lena , Hosser Daniela , Schmidt Alexander F. 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the predictive validity of self‐control (SC) for several forms of criminal recidivism (general, property, violence, sexual).Design/methodology/approachIn total, 1,838 male prisoners were interviewed while serving a prison sentence. Personality traits known to be related to SC served as operationalization of SC. Cluster analyses identified three clusters of SC‐related traits: Emotion regulation, Self‐assertion, and Effortful control. Survival‐analyses predicted recidivism, which was assessed using official data. The follow up period amounted to 72 months.FindingsThe SC‐related trait clusters significantly predicted general and violent reoffending, after controlling for established risk factors for recidivism (age, age at first offense, social status, previous youth detention, out‐of‐home placements, and length of imprisonment). However, trait clusters did not predict reoffending with a property offense. Offenders with violent or sex offenses in their criminal history showed different profiles on the trait clusters.Originality/valueThe paper shows that SC is an important risk factor for violent recidivism. SC‐related trait clusters should not be combined to form a single score, because essential information for risk profiles would be lost.