bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of the Job Stress, Job Autonomy and Working Conditions on Employee Satisfaction
Authors: Rizwan Muhammad , Jamil Muhammad Imran , Shahid Umar , Saeedi H.M. Akhtar , Faisal Nabeel , Islam Zohaib ul , Qadeer Ahad , Mateen Abdul 
Published: July 2014

This paper elaborates a comprehensive judgment of employee satisfaction indices of business, the factors resulting the displeasure & suggestions to improve them. Satisfaction of human reserve result the close relations to very much-motivated Human Resources (HR). Additionally, little levels of employee satisfaction were associated to negative work actions and motivations. There is a great concern about the employee satisfaction and their involvement among employees is having the opportunity to use their efforts and skills at work. Employees commonly have skills and efforts beyond the place for which they were hired. The study investigates the special effects of job stress, working conditions and job autonomy on employee satisfaction. The quantitative data was collected from the industrial sector and private banking scatter (Financial institutions) of the Punjab (Bahawalpur) that consists of a sample size of 180 including the administrative, accounts and finance. The suitable sampling technique was used to collect the data from the target population. The 160 questionnaires were circulated in the administrative, accounts and finance. For analysis, we have used regression analysis techniques. The results showed that job stress has a relationship with employee satisfaction. Job autonomy & Working conditions has also positive impact on employee satisfaction. These factors determine the satisfaction of the employee. In our opinion if the company is able to develop the desired facilities for their employees, then they can perform better.
Pour une histoire intégrante. La construction de la mémoire dans une société diversifiée
Authors: Bouchard Gérard 
Published: July 2014

La science historique, on le sait, a toujours eu partie liée avec l’actualité ; elle ne se construit jamais à distance de ses soubresauts. La société québécoise en offre présentement quelques exemples éloquents. Ainsi, depuis quelques années, une controverse s’est élevée au sujet de l’enseignement de l’histoire nationale ; certains voudraient lui assigner une fonction à dominante civique, alors que d’autres insistent sur sa vocation d’éveilleuse de la conscience nationale. En parallèle, une autre controverse a mis en cause la survie de la culture québécoise dans un contexte de diversité ethnoculturelle. L’orientation pluraliste préconisée par un grand nombre de citoyens (et mise en forme dans l’interculturalisme québécois) est accusée de compromettre la continuité culturelle du Québec francophone, contraignant en quelque sorte ses membres à renoncer à leur mémoire, d’oublier ce qu’ils sont. De la même façon, le débat sur les valeurs dites nationales présente couramment les valeurs universelles comme impropres à nourrir une véritable identité ; on serait ici irrémédiablement confronté à la dichotomie particularisme-universalisme. Dans chacun de ces cas (et d’autres qui sont brièvement abordés dans le texte), on observe que deux sphères ou deux entités sont posées comme antinomiques. Cet article voudrait montrer que c’est une erreur, qu’en réalité on est en présence non pas d’une contradiction mais d’une complémentarité.
The Application of KillerRed for Acute Protein Inactivation in Living Cells
Authors: Jarvela Timothy S. , Linstedt Adam D. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractGenerating loss of protein function is a powerful investigatory tool particularly if carried out on a physiologically relevant timescale in a live‐cell fluorescent imaging experiment. KillerRed mediated chromophore assisted light inactivation (CALI) uses genetic encoding for specificity and light for acute inactivation that can also be spatially restricted. This unit provides protocols for setting up and carrying out properly controlled KillerRed experiments during live‐cell imaging of cultured cells. Curr. Protoc. Cytom. 69:12.35.1‐12.35.10. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Application of the PrimRglo Assay Chemistry to Multiplexed Bead Assays
Authors: Fang Liang , Weis Anna , Wong Lawrence Kurniawan , Yeh David Che‐Cheng , Lai Richard , Corrie Simon , Barnard Ross T. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn this unit, we describe a multiplex microsphere quantitative PCR. The system is based on the use of two additional oligonucleotides within a single tube PCR reaction. The first oligonucleotide is modified with a single base pair mismatch and is otherwise equivalent to a universal sequence added to the forward PCR primer. Further, this first extra oligonucleotide is coupled to Luminex microspheres. The second additional oligonucleotide is designed to be complementary to the universal sequence, and is modified with the fluorescent dye Cy3. As the PCR reaction proceeds, the second oligonucleotide is able to bind to the microspheres. Thus, quantitative monitoring of PCR progress takes place. The microsphere‐mediated Cy3‐detection is measured using flow cytometry directly after the PCR reaction. This allows a flow cytometer analysis from up to 150 different spheres and, therefore, multiple genes in one reaction. The multiplex microsphere qPCR is demonstrated using three target genes from Influenza A and Neisseria meningitidis. The multiplex microsphere system will enable a higher degree of multiplexing than is possible with currently available qPCR systems. Curr. Protoc. Cytom. 69:13.13.1‐13.13.10. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Field evidence of the viscous sublayer in a tidally forced developing boundary layer
Authors: Wengrove M. E. , Foster D. L. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractField observations of boundary layer development within a tidally forced estuary revealed evidence of an observable viscous sublayer. Evidence is provided by several independent measures of the flow field, including hydrodynamic smoothness, an immobile bed, and characteristic velocity, constant stress, and higher‐order moment structures. This investigation reports what may be the second comprehensive observation of the viscous sublayer in a marine environment, and what could be the first observation of a momentum balance that includes the viscous sublayer within a shallow estuarine environment. Hydrodynamic observations were made in a straight channel within the Great Bay Estuary of New Hampshire over a flat sandy mud with low water depth of 1.5 m at the sampling location. Beyond quantifying the role of the benthic boundary layer in nutrient dynamics, these observations are useful to provide insight into very near boundary stress estimates leading to incipient motion in estuarine and coastal environments.
Surface and free tropospheric sources of methanesulfonic acid over the tropical Pacific Ocean
Authors: Zhang Yuzhong , Wang Yuhang , Gray Burton Alonza , Gu Dasa , Mauldin Lee , Cantrell Christopher , Bandy Alan 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe production of sulfate aerosols through sulfur chemistry in marine environments is critical to the tropical climate system. However, not all sulfur compounds have been studied in detail. One such compound is methanesulfonic acid (MSA). In this study, we use a one‐dimensional chemical transport model to analyze the observed vertical profiles of gas phase MSA during the Pacific Atmospheric Sulfur Experiment. The observed sharp decrease in MSA from the surface to 600 m implies a surface source of 4.0 × 107 molecules/cm2/s. Evidence suggests that this source is photolytically enhanced in daytime. We also find that the observed large increase of MSA from the boundary layer into the lower free troposphere (1000–2000 m) results mainly from the degassing of MSA from dehydrated aerosols. We estimate a source of 1.2 × 107 molecules/cm2/s to the free troposphere through this pathway. This source of soluble MSA could potentially provide an important precursor for new particle formation in the free troposphere over the tropics, affecting the climate system through aerosol‐cloud interactions.
Mechanisms of time‐dependent deformation in porous limestone
Authors: Brantut Nicolas , Heap Michael J. , Baud Patrick , Meredith Philip G. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe performed triaxial deformation experiments on a water‐saturated porous limestone under constant strain rate and constant stress (creep) conditions. The tests were conducted at room temperature and at low effective pressures Peff=10 and Peff=20 MPa, in a regime where the rock is nominally brittle when tested at a constant strain rate of 10−5 s−1. Under these conditions and at constant stress, the phenomenon of brittle creep occurs. At Peff=10 MPa, brittle creep follows similar trends as those observed in other rock types (e.g., sandstones and granites): only small strains are accumulated before failure, and damage accumulation with increasing strain (as monitored by P wave speeds measurements during the tests) is not strongly dependent on the applied stresses. At Peff=20 MPa, brittle creep is also macroscopically observed, but when the creep strain rate is lower than ≈10−7 s−1, we observe that (1) much larger strains are accumulated, (2) less damage is accumulated with increasing strain, and (3) the deformation tends to be more compactant. These observations can be understood by considering that another deformation mechanism, different from crack growth, is active at low strain rates. We explore this possibility by constructing a deformation mechanism map that includes both subcritical crack growth and pressure solution creep processes; the increasing contribution of pressure solution creep at low strain rates is consistent with our observations.
Satellite views of the episodic terrestrial material transport to the southern Okinawa Trough driven by typhoon
Authors: He Xianqiang , Bai Yan , Chen Chen‐Tung Arthur , Hsin Yi‐Chia , Wu Chau‐Ron , Zhai Weidong , Liu Zhiliang , Gong Fang 
Published: July 2014

AbstractUsing satellite‐derived water transparency (alias Secchi depth) images, we found clear signals of terrestrial material transport to the southern Okinawa Trough triggered by the Typhoon Morakot in August 2009. Three sources were identified: one is from the eastern coast of Taiwan, another is from the western coast of Taiwan, and the other is from the coast of mainland China. Carried by northward flows, typhoon‐triggered terrestrial materials from both sides of Taiwan's coasts were transported to the region northeast of Taiwan. Moreover, the terrestrial material from the coast of mainland China could cross the Taiwan Strait and be further transported to the region northeast of Taiwan. These typhoon‐induced terrestrial materials off northeastern Taiwan could then be transported to the southern Okinawa Trough along the western edge of the Kuroshio. In addition to the particulate terrestrial material transported, nutrients might also be transported to the Kuroshio main stream. A significant phytoplankton bloom was observed along the Kuroshio path for about 300 km off northeast of Taiwan. Our results indicate that episodic cyclone‐driven terrestrial material transport could be another source of mud in the southern Okinawa Trough.
Summer primary productivity and phytoplankton community composition driven by different hydrographic structures in the East/Japan Sea and the Western Subarctic Pacific
Authors: Kwak Jung Hyun , Lee Sang Heon , Hwang Jeomshik , Suh Young‐Sang , Je Park Hyun , Chang Kyung‐Il , Kim Kyung‐Ryul , Kang Chang‐Keun 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe East/Japan Sea (EJS) is a highly productive marginal sea in the northwest Pacific, consisting of three basins (Ulleung Basin: UB, Yamato Basin: YB, and Japan Basin: JB). To find causes of the reportedly high primary productivity in summer in the EJS, especially in the UB, we measured primary productivity, phytoplankton composition, and other environmental variables. The water column was strongly stratified in the EJS compared with the Western Subarctic Pacific (WSP). Integrated primary productivity was two times higher in the EJS (612 mg C m−2 d−1) than in the WSP (291 mg C m−2 d−1). The vertical distributions of physicochemical and biological factors confirmed that production in the subsurface chlorophyll maximum layer in the study regions was an important factor regulating primary productivity within the water column. While picoplankton (<2.7 µm) dominated in the WSP, JB, and YB, micro/nanoplankton (≥2.7 µm) dominated in the UB. Contribution by picoplankton to total biomass and primary productivity in the UB was significantly lower than in the other regions. CHEMTAX analysis using marker pigments showed that diverse phytoplankton groups inhabited the study regions. Cluster and canonical correspondence analyses showed high correlation between the spatial variation in phytoplankton assemblages with the water mass properties mainly represented by water temperature and nitrate concentration. Overall, our results suggest that the hydrographic structure of water column in the study region is an important controlling factor of the biomass and productivity of phytoplankton as well as their diversity in size and taxonomic groups.
Long‐term trends in the East Australian Current separation latitude and eddy driven transport
Authors: Cetina‐Heredia P. , Roughan M. , van Sebille E. , Coleman M. A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAn observed warming of the Tasman Sea in recent decades has been linked to a poleward shift of the maximum wind stress curl, and a strengthening of the poleward flow along the coast of southeastern Australia. However, changes in the East Australian Current (EAC) separation latitude, as well as in the contribution of the EAC, the EAC extension and its eddy field to the total southward transport due to such a strengthening remain unknown. This study uses 30 years (1980–2010) of the Ocean Forecast for the Earth Simulator (OFES) sea surface height and velocity outputs to obtain a three decade long‐time series of (i) the EAC separation latitude, (ii) the southward transport along the coast of southeastern Australia (28°S–39°S), and (iii) the southward transport across the EAC separation latitude. A Lagrangian approach is implemented and the spin parameter Ω is used to provide a quantitative distinction between the transports occurring outside and inside (cyclonic and anticyclonic) eddies. Significant positive trends of the low pass southward transports indicate that the intensification of the poleward flow has occurred both within the EAC and in the EAC extension. In addition, a significant increase in southward transport inside and outside eddies is found. Importantly, the contribution of eddy driven transport has a large temporal variability and shows a sharp increase from 2005 onward. Finally our results show that the EAC has not penetrated further south but it has separated more frequently at the southernmost latitudes within the region where it typically turns eastward.
A national‐scale assessment of long‐term water budget closures for Canada's watersheds
Authors: Wang Shusen , McKenney Daniel W. , Shang Jiali , Li Junhua 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis study examined the long‐term water budget closures for 370 watersheds over Canada's landmass by using 30 years' (1981–2010) data products recently produced for precipitation (P) gridded using climate station measurements, land surface evapotranspiration (ET), and water surface evaporation (E0) obtained by the Ecological Assimilation of Land and Climate Observations (EALCO) model, and observed streamflow (Q). The results show that 29%, 58%, and 83% of the watersheds were closed within 5%, 10%, and 20% of P, respectively. The positive and negative imbalances among the 370 watersheds are largely offset and the national scale average is −24 mm yr−1, or 4.2% of P. Water budget closures have large variation across the landmass. Regions with sparse or less accurate monitoring of P such as the mountainous region and the Arctic exhibit the largest water imbalances. Further efforts on enhancing the climate observation networks, improving spatial models for P and ET estimates, and streamflow measurements are all likely critical for a better understanding of Canada's water budgets.
A discrete‐time indirect adaptive multiple‐model actuator failure compensation scheme
Authors: Tan Chang , Tao Gang , Qi Ruiyun 
Published: July 2014

SummaryA new discrete‐time actuator failure compensation control scheme is developed, using a multiple‐model adaptive control approach which has the capacity to achieve faster and more accurate compensation of failure uncertainties. An individual adaptive system, for each possible failure pattern in a failure pattern set of interest for compensation, is designed using an indirect model reference adaptive control scheme for actuator failure compensation. A multiple‐model control switching mechanism for discrete‐time systems is set up by finding the minimal performance index to select the most appropriate control law. The performance indices are based on the adaptive estimation errors of individual parameterized systems with actuator failures. Simulation results from an aircraft flight control system example are presented to show the desired closed‐loop system stability and tracking performance despite the presence of uncertain actuator failures. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inability to consent does not diminish the desirability of stroke thrombolysis
Authors: Chiong Winston , Kim Anthony S. , Huang Ivy A. , Farahany Nita A. , Josephson S. Andrew 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveSome have argued that physicians should not presume to make thrombolysis decisions for incapacitated patients with acute ischemic stroke because the risks and benefits of thrombolysis involve deeply personal values. We evaluated the influence of the inability to consent and of personal health‐related values on older adults' emergency treatment preferences for both ischemic stroke and cardiac arrest.MethodsA total of 2,154 US adults age ≥50 years read vignettes in which they had either suffered an acute ischemic stroke and could be treated with thrombolysis, or had suffered a sudden cardiac arrest and could be treated with cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Participants were then asked (1) whether they would want the intervention, or (2) whether they would want to be given the intervention even if their informed consent could not be obtained. We elicited health‐related values as predictors of these judgments.ResultsOlder adults were as likely to want stroke thrombolysis when unable to consent (78.1%) as when asked directly (76.2%), whereas older adults were more likely to want cardiopulmonary resuscitation when unable to consent (83.6% compared to 75.9%). Greater confidence in the medical system and reliance on statistical information in decision making were both associated with desiring thrombolysis.InterpretationOlder adults regard thrombolysis no less favorably when considering a situation in which they are unable to consent. These findings provide empirical support for recent professional society recommendations to treat ischemic stroke with thrombolysis in appropriate emergency circumstances under a presumption of consent. Ann Neurol 2014;76:296–304
A Single‐Site Platinum CO Oxidation Catalyst in Zeolite KLTL: Microscopic and Spectroscopic Determination of the Locations of the Platinum Atoms
Authors: Kistler Joseph D. , Chotigkrai Nutchapon , Xu Pinghong , Enderle Bryan , Praserthdam Piyasan , Chen Cong‐Yan , Browning Nigel D. , Gates Bruce C. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA stable site‐isolated mononuclear platinum catalyst with a well‐defined structure is presented. Platinum complexes supported in zeolite KLTL were synthesized from [Pt(NH3)4](NO3)2, oxidized at 633 K, and used to catalyze CO oxidation. IR and X‐ray absorption spectra and electron micrographs determine the structures and locations of the platinum complexes in the zeolite pores, demonstrate the platinum‐support bonding, and show that the platinum remained site isolated after oxidation and catalysis.
Precision PEGylated Polymers Obtained by Sequence‐Controlled Copolymerization and Postpolymerization Modification
Authors: Srichan Sansanee , Mutlu Hatice , Badi Nezha , Lutz Jean‐François 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCopolymers containing water‐soluble poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) side chains and precisely controlled functional microstructures were synthesized by sequence‐controlled copolymerization of donor and acceptor comonomers, that is, styrene derivatives and N‐substituted maleimides. Two routes were compared for the preparation of these structures: a) the direct use of a PEG–styrene macromonomer as a donor comonomer, and b) the use of an alkyne‐functionalized styrenic comonomer, which was PEGylated by copper‐catalyzed alkyne–azide cycloaddition after polymerization. The latter method was found to be the most versatile and enabled the synthesis of high‐precision copolymers. For example, PEGylated copolymers containing precisely positioned fluorescent (e.g. pyrene), switchable (e.g. azobenzene), and reactive functionalities (e.g. an activated ester) were prepared.
pH‐Dependent Proton Conducting Behavior in a Metal–Organic Framework Material
Authors: Phang Won Ju , Lee Woo Ram , Yoo Kicheon , Ryu Dae Won , Kim BongSoo , Hong Chang Seop 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA porous metal–organic framework (MOF), [Ni2(dobdc)(H2O)2]⋅6 H2O (Ni2(dobdc) or Ni‐MOF‐74; dobdc4−=2,5‐dioxido‐1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate) with hexagonal channels was synthesized using a microwave‐assisted solvothermal reaction. Soaking Ni2(dobdc) in sulfuric acid solutions at different pH values afforded new proton‐conducting frameworks, H+@Ni2(dobdc). At pH 1.8, the acidified MOF shows proton conductivity of 2.2×10−2 S cm−1 at 80 °C and 95 % relative humidity (RH), approaching the highest values reported for MOFs. Proton conduction occurs via the Grotthuss mechanism with a significantly low activation energy as compared to other proton‐conducting MOFs. Protonated water clusters within the pores of H+@Ni2(dobdc) play an important role in the conduction process.
Controlling the Orientation of Nanowrinkles and Nanofolds by Patterning Strain in a Thin Skin Layer on a Polymer Substrate
Authors: Huntington Mark D. , Engel Clifford J. , Odom Teri W. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe describe herein how to control the orientation of polymer nanowrinkles and nanofolds with large amplitudes. Nanowrinkles were created by chemically treating thermoplastic polystyrene sheets to form a thin skin layer and then heating the substrate to relieve strain. By manipulating the strain globally and locally in the skin layer, we could tune whether wrinkles or folds formed, as well as the distances over which these structures could be produced. This unique materials system provided access to high strain regimes, which enabled mechanisms behind the spontaneous formation of complex structures to be explored.
Direct Asymmetric Mannich‐Type Reaction of α‐Isocyanoacetates with Ketimines using Cinchona Alkaloid/Copper(II) Catalysts
Authors: Hayashi Masashi , Iwanaga Masaru , Shiomi Noriyuki , Nakane Daisuke , Masuda Hideki , Nakamura Shuichi 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe enantioselective direct Mannich‐type reaction of ketimines with α‐isocyanoacetates has been developed. Excellent yields and enantioselectivity were observed for the reaction of various ketimines and α‐isocyanoacetates using cinchona alkaloid/Cu(OTf)2 and a base. Both enantiomers of the products could be obtained by using pseudoenantiomeric chiral catalysts. This process offers an efficient route for the synthesis of α,β‐diamino acids.