bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of Positive Margins and Biochemical Recurrence in Relation to Nerve-Sparing Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Sofer Mario , Hamilton-Nelson Kara L. , Schlesselman James J. , Soloway Mark S. 
Published: July 2002

PURPOSE: To assess the effect of nerve-sparing (NS) radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) on surgical margins and biochemical recurrence. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Location and incidence of positive surgical margins, recurrence, and time to recurrence were assessed in a consecutive series of 734 men who underwent RRP for localized prostate cancer from 1992 through February 2000. NS procedures were used in 33% (n = 240) of 734 patients studied. RESULTS: Surgical margins were positive for 24% (n = 58) and 31% (n = 152) of NS and non-NS patients, respectively (P = .06). No significant difference between the groups was found in location of positive margins (P = .92). Prostate-specific antigen level greater than 10 ng/mL, extraprostatic extension, tumor volume more than 20%, capsular penetration, Gleason score ≥ 7, positive margins, and seminal vesicle invasion were associated with significantly increased risk of recurrence. However, NS patients were not at increased risk of recurrence compared with non-NS patients (hazard ratio, 0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.53 to 1.72). The cumulative risk of recurrence within 3 and 5 years of surgery in NS patients was 9.7% and 14.4%, respectively, as compared with 17.1% and 21.1% for non-NS patients. CONCLUSION: In patients with localized prostate cancer, neither margin status nor biochemical-free survival within 5 years of surgery were altered by the nerve preservation technique. Given our experience, we recommend preservation of neurovascular bundles in these patients whenever the procedure is technically feasible.
The Near‐Infrared Light Emitted by LiScO2:Cr3+ Phosphor Used to Induce Gland Secretion for Sjogren's Syndrome
Authors: Chen Lei , Liu Qi , Li Pingping , Wei Shuanghong , Guo Yanguang , Chen Ping , Ni Haiyong , Wei Shizhong , Huo Xingxing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPhotobiomodulation is promisingly used as a noninvasive new weapon against Sjogren's syndrome, which is a disorder of immune system with two main symptoms of dry eyes and a dry mouth. This work reports a new NIR LED device made from LiScO2:Cr3+ phosphor for the application. The absorbance, internal, and external quantum efficiency of the optimal Li(Sc0.98Cr0.02)O2 phosphor reach 40.9%, 34.5%, and 14.1%, respectively; and the output power and energy conversion efficiency of the LED device packaged using the phosphor driven under 20 mA are 4.23 mW, respectively. The emission spectrum of the LED device can well cover the action spectrum of oxidized CuA in cytochrome c oxidase molecules. Both the pathological changes of mice submandibular gland and the expression of human submandibular gland epithelial cells (HSG) in AQP5, M3R andEGR1 confirm that the NIR light has great potential application for treating Sjogren's syndrome. Moreover, study with mice approved that the therapy using the NIR light is more efficient than the conventional medicine treatment using hydroxychloroquine sulfate.
Dissecting the Impact of Maternal Androgen Exposure on Developmental Programming through Targeting the Androgen Receptor
Authors: Lu Haojiang , Jiang Hong , Li Congru , Derisoud Emilie , Zhao Allan , Eriksson Gustaw , Lindgren Eva , Pui Han‐Pin , Risal Sanjiv , Pei Yu , Maxian Theresa , Ohlsson Claes , Benrick Anna , Haider Sandra , Stener‐Victorin Elisabet , Deng Qiaolin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWomen with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) exhibit sustained elevation in circulating androgens during pregnancy, an independent risk factor linked to pregnancy complications and adverse outcomes in offspring. Yet, further studies are required to understand the effects of elevated androgens on cell type‐specific placental dysfunction and fetal development. Therefore, a PCOS‐like mouse model induced by continuous androgen exposure is examined. The PCOS‐mice exhibited impaired placental and embryonic development, resulting in mid‐gestation lethality. Co‐treatment with the androgen receptor blocker, flutamide, prevents these phenotypes including germ cell specification . Comprehensive profiling of the placenta by whole‐genome bisulfite and RNA sequencing shows a reduced proportion of trophoblast precursors, possibly due to the downregulation of Cdx2 expression. Reduced expression of Gcm1, Synb, and Prl3b1 is associated with reduced syncytiotrophoblasts and sinusoidal trophoblast giant cells, impairs placental labyrinth formation. Importantly, human trophoblast organoids exposed to androgens exhibit analogous changes, showing impaired trophoblast differentiation as a key feature in PCOS‐related pregnancy complications. These findings provide new insights into the potential cellular targets for future treatments.
Unveiling Hidden Hyperuniformity: Radial Turing Pattern Formation of Marangoni‐Driven SiO2 Nanoparticles on Liquid Metal Surface
Authors: Guo Jinjian , Chen Jie , Zhao Kang , Bai Xuedong , Wang Wenlong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMastering the self‐organization of nanoparticle morphologies is pivotal in soft matter physics and film growth. Silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles are an archetypical model of nanomotor in soft matter. Here, the emphasis is on the self‐organizing behavior of SiO2 nanoparticles under extreme conditions. It is unveiled that manipulating the states of the metal substrate profoundly dictates the motion characteristics of SiO2 nanoparticles. This manipulation triggers the emergence of intricate morphologies and distinctive patterns. Employing a reaction‐diffusion model, the fundamental roles played by Brownian motion and Marangoni‐driven motion in shaping fractal structures and radial Turing patterns are demonstrated, respectively. Notably, these radial Turing patterns showcase hyperuniform order, challenging conventional notions of film morphology. These discoveries pave the way for crafting non‐equilibrium morphological materials, poised with the potential for self‐healing, adaptability, and innovative applications.
Responsive‐Hydrogel Aquabots
Authors: Zhu Shipei , Cui Huanqing , Pan Yi , Popple Derek , Xie Ganhua , Fink Zachary , Han Jiale , Zettl Alex , Cheung Shum Ho , Russell Thomas P 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIt remains a challenge to produce soft robots that can mimic the responsive adaptability of living organisms. Rather than fabricating soft robots from bulk hydrogels,hydrogels are integrated into the interfacial assembly of aqueous two‐phase systems to generate ultra‐soft and elastic all‐aqueous aquabots that exhibit responsive adaptability, that can shrink on demand and have electrically conductive functions. The adaptive functions of the aquabots provide a new platform to develop minimally invasive surgical devices, targeted drug delivery systems, and flexible electronic sensors and actuators.
Number of serotonergic neurons in the subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus internus could influence the effects of deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Munawara Rafika , Rao Asha , Sharma Mayank , Gupta Tulika 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDeep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) or globus pallidus internus (GPi) is a standard treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD), with both regions exhibiting similar treatment effectiveness. However, posttreatment neuropsychiatric side effects, such as severe depression, are common, primarily due to the loss of serotonergic cells. Identifying a region with fewer serotonergic neurons could potentially reduce these side effects. This study aimed to quantify the number of serotonergic neurons in the STN and GPi. Both regions were analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry. The GPi exhibited a significantly lower number and H‐score of serotonergic neurons than the STN. Within the STN, the number and H‐score of serotonergic neurons were higher in the medial aspect than in the lateral aspect. Three different types of neurons, large and small, were observed. In STN, large neurons were concentrated in the center and small neurons in the periphery. This distribution was not observed in GPi. In addition, the concentration of the serotonergic neurons is less in GPi. These findings suggest that the GPi may be a safer target region, potentially reducing the incidence of post‐DBS depression.
Immediate implant placement in extraction sockets with buccal bone dehiscence: A case study
Authors: Dragonas Panagiotis 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundImmediate implant placement (IIP) has been associated with a higher risk of esthetic complications and particularly buccal mucosal recession, which can be more pronounced in non‐intact sockets or in the presence of thin phenotype in the esthetic zone. Nevertheless, multiple techniques have been published to address IIP in non‐intact alveolar sockets with favorable outcomes. The purpose of this study is to present an approach on IIP in sites with buccal bone dehiscence.MethodsThree patients requiring extraction of one or multiple teeth in the presence of buccal bone dehiscence were treated with flapless extractions, IIP, guided bone regeneration (GBR), and connective tissue grafting (CTG) through a tunneling approach with a simultaneous use of custom healing abutments.ResultsAll sites exhibited 1–2 mm of buccal bone thickness at the level of the implant platform, as well as significant buccal soft tissue thickness with no recession and a favorable development of the emergence profile at 4 months to a year post implant placement.ConclusionsIIP in sockets with buccal bone dehiscence can be managed by means of a flapless extraction, GBR and CTG through a tunneling approach exhibiting favorable hard and soft tissue responses.Key points
When placing immediate implants in non‐intact sockets, simultaneous connective tissue grafting is recommended, especially in the esthetic zone.
Bone grafting in immediate implants in sockets with buccal bone dehiscence can be performed through a tunneling approach without the need for open flap approaches.
Placement of CHAs over immediate implants may help promote maintenance of the buccolingual ridge contours and overall hard and soft tissue responses.
Plain language summaryPlacing dental implants right after tooth extraction can lead to more visible aesthetic issues, especially gum recession. This is more common when the tooth socket is not intact or the gum tissue is thin. However, several techniques have shown good results even in these challenging situations. This study explores a method for implant placement right after tooth extraction in cases where there is bone missing on the socket. Three patients who needed teeth extracted and had bone loss on the outer side of their tooth sockets were treated. The treatment included: Extracting the teeth without cutting the gums, placing implants immediately, using GBR to help regrow bone, adding connective tissue grafts, and using custom healing cups to shape the gum tissue. After treatment, all the sites showed 1–2 mm of new bone on the outer side of the implants and thicker gum tissue without any recession. The gum and bone around the implants looked good 4 months to a year later. In conclusion, IIP in sockets with bone loss on the outer side can be effectively managed with this method, leading to good bone and gum tissue outcomes.
Properties of ceramic membranes obtained from kaolinitic clay mixed with palm and mango wastes from Cameroon: Application to wastewater treatment from breweries
Authors: Kouotou Yacouba Mfomboum , Njoya André , Mountapbeme Ibrahim Cherif , Njuhou Saliou , Kamgang Pelagie Syapnjeu , Mouafon Mohamed , Njoya Dayirou , Njopwouo Daniel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis work focuses on the development of new ceramic membranes based on mixtures of low‐cost and locally available raw materials such as kaolinitic clay and additives such as palm kernel shells and mango seed shells, which are used as pore‐forming agents to increase pore size, and on their efficiencies in rejecting organic and inorganic pollutants from brewery wastewater. The physical and chemical properties of raw materials were characterized via X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetry, energy dispersive X‐ray, and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry. Sintering was performed at 1100°C, and the permeability and mechanical properties of circular membranes were determined. The membrane filtration operation was used to assess the physicochemical parameters of the wastewater. The membrane composed of 85% kaolinite and 15% mango seed shells showed the best performance. The effective treatment of the breweries wastewater reduced the level of contamination by organic pollutants in the discharge water, with a reduction in concentration from 700 to 14 mg O2 L‒1 of chemical oxygen demand and 250 to 06 mg O2 L‒1 of biological oxygen demand for 5 days, representing elimination rates of 98% and 97.6%, respectively. The treated water is alkaline, with a reduction in pH from 10.79 to 7.77. Suspended matter, turbidity, and electrical conductivity had removal rates of 88%, 90.6%, and 99.8%, respectively. A significant reduction in the salinity of this wastewater contributed to sodium and chloride ion rejection rates of 93% and 79%, respectively, which is an important result for good reuse of the treated water in agriculture and domestic work.
Safety and Efficiency of Cephalic Vein Puncture by Modified Seldinger Technique Compared to Subclavian Vein Puncture for Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices
Authors: Weidauer Marie‐Christine , Knüpfer Enzo , Lottermoser Jörg , Alkomi Usama , Schoen Steffen , Wunderlich Carsten , Christoph Marian , Francke Alexander 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe establishment of venous access is one of the driving factors for complications during implantation of pacemakers and defibrillators (cardiac implantable electronic devices [CIED]). Recently, a novel approach of accessing the cephalic vein for CIED by cephalic vein puncture (CVP) using a modified Seldinger technique has been described, promising high success rates and simplified handling with steeper learning curves. In this single‐center registry, we analyzed the safety and efficiency of CVP to SVP access after defining CVP as the primary access route in our center.MethodsA total of 229 consecutive patients receiving a CIED were included in the registry. Sixty‐one patients were implanted by primary or bail‐out SVP; 168 patients received primary cephalic preparation and CVP was performed when possible, using a hydrophilic transradial sheath.ResultsImplantation of at least one lead via CVP was successful in 151 of 168 patients (90%), and implantation of all leads was possible in 122 of 168 patients (72.6%). Total implantation times and fluoroscopy times and doses did not differ between CVP and SVP implantations. Pneumothorax occurred in 0/122 patients implanted via CVP alone, but 8/107 (7.5%) patients received at least one lead via SVP.ConclusionOur data confirms high success rates of the CVP for CIED implantation. Moreover, this method can be used without significantly prolonging the total procedure time or applying fluoroscopy dose compared to the highly efficient SVP while showing lower overall complication rates.
Impact of the COVID‐19 Pandemic on Conduct and Results of CLEAR Outcomes Trial
Authors: Singh Abhayjit , Laffin Luke J. , Sarraju Ashish , Michael Lincoff A. , Nicholls Stephen J. , Bloedon LeAnne , Sasiela William J. , Li Na , Robinson Paula , Kelly Stephanie , Mason Denise , Nissen Steven E. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe COVID‐19 pandemic disrupted clinical research. CLEAR Outcomes investigated the effect of bempedoic acid (BA) versus placebo in 13 970 patients with statin intolerance and high cardiovascular (CV) risk. BA reduced the risk of the primary endpoint (composite of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or coronary revascularization) by 13%. CLEAR Outcomes began before and continued for 2.7 years after the start of the pandemic.MethodsThe impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on patient disposition, adverse events, and major adverse CV events (MACE) in CLEAR Outcomes was assessed.ResultsRates of severe infection, hospitalization, or first MACE associated with a positive COVID‐19 test were low and balanced between treatment groups. Rates of all‐cause death, non‐CV death, and undetermined death increased in the pandemic period compared with the pre‐pandemic period, while rates of CV death with a known etiology remained stable. A sensitivity analysis excluding undetermined deaths occurring after the onset of the pandemic from the CV death designation yielded hazard ratios of 0.84 (95% CI, 0.76–0.93) for the primary endpoint and 0.94 (95% CI, 0.76–1.16) for the secondary endpoint of CV death, compared with 0.87 (95% CI, 0.79–0.96) and 1.04 (95% CI, 0.88–1.24), respectively, in the original analysis.ConclusionThe CLEAR Outcomes trial continued uninterrupted throughout the COVID‐19 pandemic. Certain trial endpoints may have been impacted by the pandemic. Specifically, the classification of undetermined deaths as CV deaths may have attenuated the effect of BA on key efficacy endpoints.
Assessment of temporal and spatial variations of water quality parameters in the Zarafshan River basin
Authors: Shoergashova Shobegim , Liu Tie , Ibrokhimova Nigora , Latisheva Liliya , Karimov Bakhtiyor 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRiver ecosystems in Central Asia face significant stress from environmental changes and pollution. This study assesses temporal and spatial variations in water quality parameters within the Zarafshan River Basin using retrospective data and field measurements. Water quality indicators, including electrical conductivity (EC), total suspended solids (TSS), ammonium nitrogen (N‐NH4), nitrite nitrogen (N‐NO2), nitrate nitrogen (N‐NO3), temperature (T), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO), and discharge, were analyzed using the Pearson's correlation coefficient and ANOVA, with the Mann–Kendall (MK) test detecting trends over time. Obtained results indicate significant seasonal effects with elevated TSS during summer, increasing sediment load and changing aquatic habitats. The strong inverse correlation (–0.89) between DO and N‐NH4 signifies ecological challenges particularly in low DO concentrations during summer (3.25 mg L–1). Long‐term analysis identifies Navoiazot chemical factory as a major pollution hotspot. Spatial analyses based on extended sampling have revealed the Siab and Dargom canals and Samarkand City as major pollution sources of elevated N‐NO2 and COD, respectively. Trends at various gauging stations (MK‐test) show increasing EC (τ = 0.72) and N‐NH4 (τ = 0.46) levels, with decreasing TSS, N‐NO3, T, and COD levels over time. Recommendations include targeted measures to reduce pollution at the Navoiazot factory and downstream, introducing sustainable agriculture practices, increasing public awareness for environmental conservation, and improving urban wastewater treatment to meet water quality requirements for different users.
Estimating oncologist variability in prescribing systemic cancer therapies to patients in the last 30 days of life
Authors: George Login S. , Duberstein Paul R. , Keating Nancy L. , Bates Benjamin , Bhagianadh Divya , Lin Haiqun , Saraiya Biren , Goel Sanjay , Akincigil Ayse 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionClinical guidelines and quality improvement initiatives have identified reducing the use of end‐of‐life cancer therapies as an opportunity to improve care. We examined the extent to which oncologists differed in prescribing systemic therapies in the last 30 days of life.MethodsUsing Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare data, we identified patients who died of cancer from 2012 to 2017 (N = 17,609), their treating oncologists (N = 960), and the corresponding physician practice (N = 388). We used multilevel models to estimate oncologists’ rates of providing cancer therapy for patients in their last 30 days of life, adjusted for patient characteristics and practice variation.ResultsPatients’ median age at the time of death was 74 years (interquartile range, 69–79); patients had lung (62%), colorectal (17%), breast (13%), and prostate (8%) cancers. We observed substantial variation across oncologists in their adjusted rate of treating patients in the last 30 days of life: oncologists in the 95th percentile exhibited a 45% adjusted rate of treatment, versus 17% among the 5th percentile. A patient treated by an oncologist with a high end‐of‐life prescribing behavior (top quartile), compared to an oncologist with a low prescribing behavior (bottom quartile), had more than four times greater odds of receiving end‐of‐life cancer therapy (OR, 4.42; 95% CI, 4.00–4.89).ConclusionsOncologists show substantial variation in end‐of‐life prescribing behavior. Future research should examine why some oncologists more often continue systemic therapy at the end of life than others, the consequences of this for patient and care outcomes, and whether interventions shaping oncologist decision‐making can reduce overuse of end‐of‐life cancer therapies.
Facilitating giant panda crossings of national highway in Wolong area of Giant Panda National Park amid human activities
Authors: Zhang Hu , Shi Zongkun , Feng Bin , Liu Ying , Tang Zhuo , Dong Xin , Gu Xiaodong , Qi Dunwu , Xu Weihua , Zhou Caiquan , Zhang Jindong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAs human activities continue to expand, wildlife persistence faces escalating threats from roads. In Wolong area of Giant Panda National Park, the local giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) are divided into two population groups along the National Highway G350 (NHG). Therefore, selecting suitable areas to help those giant pandas communicate across the NHG is necessary. In this research, we evaluated the presence of human activities and simulated their absence to analyze how they affect the giant panda's habitat in Wolong. Subsequently, based on the kernel density estimation (KDE) for giant pandas and the main human distribution locations, we selected suitable areas for the population link between the two road sections on the NHG. We simulated the absence of human activities on the two road sections to compare changes in the habitat suitability index (HSI) and connectivity value (CV) relative to their presence. We aimed to carefully select the area for future giant panda corridor plans and simulate whether eliminating human activities will significantly improve the HSI and CV of the area. Our results show that: (1) Human activities presence has led to subtle changes in the landscape pattern of suitable habitats and a decrease in Wolong by 78.76 km2 compared to their absence. (2) Human activities presence significantly reduced HSI and CV in the 1000 m buffer along the NHG compared to their absence. (3) The HSI and CV of the 1000 m buffer in the simulated absence of human activities for the two road sections were significantly higher than their presence. This research identified the optimal road section for crossing the NHG to link giant panda population groups and habitats in Wolong. These insights are significant for formulating conservation decisions and corridor plans and for promoting wildlife conservation in reserves amid high levels of human activity.