bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exposure to acute electromagnetic radiation of mobile phone exposure range alters transiently skin homeostasis of a model of pigmented reconstructed epidermis
Authors: Simon D. , Daubos A. , Pain C. , Fitoussi R. , Vié K. , Taieb A. , de Benetti L. , Cario‐André M. 
Published: September 2012

SynopsisExposure to electromagnetic radiations (EMR) produced by mobile phone concerns half the world's population and raises the problem of their impact on human health. In this study, we looked at the effects of mobile phone exposure (GSM basic, 900 MHz, SAR 2 mW g−1, 6 h) on a model of pigmented skin. We have analysed the expression and localization of various markers of keratinocyte and melanocyte differentiation 2, 6, 18 and 24 h after EMR exposure of reconstructed epidermis containing either only keratinocytes or a combination of keratinocytes and melanocytes grown on dead de‐epidermized dermis, using histology, immunohistochemistry and Western blot. No changes were found in epidermal architecture, localization of epidermal markers, presence of apoptotic cells and the induction of p53 in both types of epidermis (with or without melanocytes) after exposure to EMR. In pigmented reconstructs, no change in the location and dendricity of melanocytes and in melanin transfer to neighbouring keratinocytes was detected after EMR exposure. Loricrin, cytokeratin 14 were significantly decreased at 6 h. The level of all markers increased at 24 h as compared to 6 h post‐EMR exposure, associated with a significant decrease of the 20S proteasome activity. Our data indicate that exposure to 900 MHz frequency induces a transient alteration of epidermal homoeostasis, which may alter the protective capacity of the skin against external factors. Presence or absence of melanocytes did not modify the behaviour of reconstructs after EMR exposure.
Nitric oxide (NO): a key player in the senescence of Medicago truncatula root nodules
Authors: Cam Yvan , Pierre Olivier , Boncompagni Eric , Hérouart Didier , Meilhoc Eliane , Bruand Claude 
Published: September 2012

Summary

Nitric oxide (NO) is a signalling and defence molecule involved in diverse plant developmental processes, as well as in the plant response to pathogens. NO has also been detected at different steps of the symbiosis between legumes and rhizobia. NO is required for an optimal establishment of the Medicago truncatula–Sinorhizobium meliloti symbiotic interaction, but little is known about the role of NO in mature nodules. Here, we investigate the role of NO in the late steps of symbiosis.

Genetic and pharmacological approaches were conducted to modulate the NO level inside root nodules, and their effects on nitrogen fixation and root nodule senescence were monitored.

An increase in endogenous NO levels led to a decrease in nitrogen fixation and early nodule senescence, characterized by cytological modifications of the nodule structure and the early expression of a specific senescence marker. By contrast, a decrease in NO levels led to a delay in nodule senescence.

Together, our results strongly suggest that NO is a signal in developmental as well as stress‐induced nodule senescence. In addition, this work demonstrates the pivotal role of the bacterial NO detoxification response in the prevention of early nodule senescence, and hence the maintenance of efficient symbiosis.
Knoop Hardness and Effectiveness of Dual‐Cured Luting Systems and Flowable Resin to Bond Leucite‐Reinforced Ceramic to Enamel
Authors: Prieto Lúcia Trazzi , José Souza‐Junior Eduardo , Pimenta Araújo Cíntia Tereza , Lima Adriano Fonseca , dos Santos Dias Carlos Tadeu , Maffei Sartini Paulillo Luis Alexandre 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPurpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the Knoop microhardness and microshear bond strength (MSBS) of dual‐cured luting systems and flowable resin bonded to leucite‐reinforced ceramics and enamel.Materials and Methods: Eighty bovine incisors were randomly divided into four groups per test (microhardness and microshear; n = 10) according to the bonding procedure: Excite DSC/Variolink, Clearfil SE Bond/Panavia F, Adper Scotchbond Multi‐Purpose Plus/RelyX ARC, and Adper Single Bond 2/Filtek Z350 Flow. For the KHN measurement, the cement was applied on the enamel surface and light‐cured through a ceramic disk (5 mm diameter × 1.2 mm thick). Five indentations were performed in each specimen and measured at HMV‐2. For the microshear test, two cylinders of a leucite‐reinforced ceramic (1 mm diameter × 2 mm height) were bonded to the enamel substrate in accordance with the bonding procedures previously established. One cylinder was tested 24 hours after cementation, and the other was subjected to thermocycling (2000 cycles) and then submitted to an MSBS test. The data from the hardness and bond strength tests were subjected to one‐ and two‐way repeated‐measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), respectively, and to Tukey's test (α= 0.05).Results: Scotchbond/RelyX ARC presented higher values of bond strength, while Single Bond/Z350 Flow showed lower values. The thermocycling promoted a reduction in the bond strength values for all groups. Panavia F presented higher values of KHN, and the flowable resin presented the lowest. RelyX ARC and Variolink presented intermediate values on hardness evaluation.Conclusions: For ceramic cementation, dual‐cured resin luting systems promoted more reliable bonding and microhardness values than the flowable resin.
Maintenance of Implant Hybrid Prostheses: Clinical and Laboratory Procedures
Authors: Drago Carl , Gurney Lynn 
Published: September 2012

AbstractFixed implant hybrid prostheses have been used for the last 40+ years in the treatment of edentulous patients. These prostheses have provided long‐term masticatory function for thousands of patients. The original treatment protocol included fabrication of cast metal frameworks that fit accurately on the restorative platforms or abutments and/or endosseous implants. Frameworks were designed to splint implants together; they also provided retention and support for the functional and esthetic portions of the fixed hybrid prostheses. Initially, edentulous patients were treated with maxillary complete dentures and mandibular fixed, hybrid prostheses. Denture teeth were used in both prostheses. Over the span of many years, occlusal surfaces of the denture teeth in the mandibular prostheses exhibited signs of occlusal abrasion and wear, sometimes completely abrading the teeth and denture bases, resulting in framework exposures. Ultimately, this resulted in decreased chewing efficiency and loss of vertical facial height. Patients would then return to clinicians and ask for retreatment. In certain instances, the underlying frameworks would have to be remade. This involved replicating the original series of appointments and significant additional expense to patients and clinicians alike. The protocol presented in this article avoids having to remake the most expensive portion of fixed implant prostheses—the frameworks. The protocol identifies the clinical and laboratory procedures involved in using existing frameworks and replacing preexisting denture bases and denture teeth, with minimal inconvenience to patients.
Crystal and Electronic Structure Analyses on Bi2SiO5‐Added SrBi2(Ta1−xNbx)2O9 by Using Pulsed Neutron and Synchrotron X‐Ray Sources
Authors: Idemoto Yasushi , Muroi Ryo , Kitamura Naoto , Itoh Takanori 
Published: September 2012

In this work, we prepared SrBi2(Ta1−xNbx)2O9 (x = 0, 0.5, 1.0) and Bi2SiO5‐added SrBi2(Ta1−xNbx)2O9, and then investigated their ferroelectric properties, crystal, and electronic structures. P‐E hysteresis‐loop and dielectric‐constant measurements demonstrated that the Nb substitution and the Bi2SiO5 addition increased the remanent polarization and the Curie temperature although these composition changes made the coercive field higher slightly by the substitution and the addition. The Rietveld analyses using the neutron diffraction data indicated that the Nb substitution induced higher tilting angles of the (Ta,Nb)‐O6 and distorted the octahedra. Larger distortions within the perovskite layer were also expected from electron‐density distributions visualized by the maximum‐entropy method using synchrotron X‐ray diffraction. These structure changes can be considered as one of the reasons for improvement of the electric properties.
Determination of Trimethylamine in Spinach, Cabbage, and Lettuce at Alkaline pH by Headspace Solid‐Phase Microextraction
Authors: Shim Jae‐Ean , Hee Baek Hyung 
Published: September 2012

Abstract:  Trimethylamine (TMA) found in some leafy vegetables, such as spinach, cabbage, and lettuce, at alkaline pH was identified and quantified using headspace solid‐phase microextraction and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME and GC‐MS). HS‐SPME conditions were optimized at an adsorption temperature of 50 °C, equilibration time of 5 min, and adsorption time of 5 min with 65 μm of polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene fiber. The TMA that was formed from spinach, cabbage, and lettuce was assayed at pH 7 to 11 for 0 to 4 h at 50 °C using HS‐SPME. The results showed that the amount of TMA formed was dependent on pH. The amount of TMA formed increased dramatically at a pH greater than 9. TMA was not formed at a pH lower than 7. Spinach produced a higher amount of TMA than cabbage or lettuce. TMA was formed at alkaline pH from choline, betaine, and carnitine, which are TMA precursors. To confirm the SPME results, TMA was quantitated using the AOAC official method. Data obtained from chemical analysis were in good agreement with the SPME data. The formation mechanism of TMA is thought to be the Hofmann elimination reaction, which generates amine compounds at alkaline pH.Practical Application:  Fishy off‐flavor in foods is associated with trimethylamine (TMA), which is frequently found in fish and seafood. In this study, TMA was identified for the first time in some leafy vegetables, such as spinach, cabbage, and lettuce, at alkaline pH. The presence of TMA in leafy vegetables under certain circumstances such as high pH and temperature may affect the sensory properties of foods containing these vegetables.
Chemical Components and Antioxidant Activity of the Peels of Commercial Apple‐Shaped Pear (Fruit of Pyrus pyrifolia cv. pingguoli)
Authors: Ma Jian‐Nan , Wang Su‐Le , Zhang Ke , Wu Zhi‐Gang , Hattori Masao , Chen Gui‐Lin , Ma Chao‐Mei 
Published: September 2012

Abstract:  The apple‐shaped pear, the fruit of the Pyrus pyrifolia cv. pingguoli (Rosaceae) tree, is one of the most popular fruits in the northern part of China. The current study is the 1st report of its bioactive components. We identified 10 metabolites from the peels (exocarp) of apple‐shaped pear and assessed their toxicity. We then compared the anti‐oxidant activity, amount of total phenolic compounds, and total condensed tannin content of the peels and flesh (mesocarp) of apple‐shaped pear. The 6 major components in the peels and flesh of this fruit were quantified with Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography–Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Results revealed that the peels possessed stronger anti‐oxidant activity and contained larger amounts of phenolic compounds than the flesh. These results provide insights into the potential health benefits of this fruit and support the use of the fruit peels and products containing peels or peel components.Practical Application:  The present research provided evidences that the pulp and peel waste from the juice industry of apple‐shaped pear may be a source of useful compounds.
Influence of Gallate and Pyrogallol Moieties on the Intestinal Absorption of (−)‐Epicatechin and (−)‐Epicatechin Gallate
Authors: Tagashira Tomohiko , Choshi Tominari , Hibino Satoshi , Kamishikiryou Jun , Sugihara Narumi 
Published: September 2012

Abstract:  The cellular accumulation of individual catechins was measured as an index of intestinal absorption to clarify the interactions among catechins. The cellular accumulation of (−)‐epicatechin (EC) increased in the presence of other catechins. The ability of gallate catechin such as (−)‐epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and (−)‐epicatechin gallate (ECG) to increase the cellular accumulation of EC was greater than that of nongallate catechins. Gallic acid octyl ester (GAO) also increased the cellular accumulation of EC by 426% as compared with that in untreated cells. Conversely, the cellular accumulation of ECG was not influenced by other catechins, but it increased by 54% in the presence of GAO. Experiments using GAO derivatives indicated that the gallate moiety required the presence of a catechol group and a neighboring carbonyl group, whereas the pyrogallol moiety, without a neighboring carbonyl group, required 3 hydroxyl groups to increase the cellular accumulation of EC. Furthermore, gallate esters required long carbon chains to increase the same. The experiment using EGCG, GAO, or their derivatives indicated that the ability of gallate or pyrogallol moiety to increase the cellular accumulation of EC was restricted by their hydrophobicity. These results suggest that the co‐administration of foods containing functional materials such as gallate or pyrogallol moieties, increases the intestinal absorption of catechin.Practical Application:  The cellular accumulation of (−)‐epicatechin increased by the gallate or pyrogallol moiety in catechin structure. The interaction among catechins appeared to affect intestinal absorption of catechin. The bioavailability of catechin may be improved by co‐administration of functional foods.
Development of Antioxidant Packaging Material by Applying Corn‐Zein to LLDPE Film in Combination with Phenolic Compounds
Authors: Park Hye‐Yeon , Kim Sung‐Jin , Kim Ki Myong , You Young‐Sun , Kim So Yeon , Han Jaejoon 
Published: September 2012

Abstract:  Functional active packaging materials were successfully developed by incorporating antioxidant agents into corn‐zein‐laminated linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) film. The minimum effective concentrations of the active compounds (for example, thymol, carvacrol, eugenol) were determined and these compounds were then laminated into LLDPE films to develop corn‐zein‐laminated films with antioxidant agents. The release rate of antioxidant agents in gas and liquid media were determined along with the mechanical and water barrier properties of the films containing these compounds. Tensile strength and percentage elongation at break were reduced in the corn‐zein‐laminated LLDPE films when compared to typical LLDPE film. Furthermore, the ability of the corn‐zein‐laminated films to repel moisture decreased by approximately 12.2%, but was improved by incorporating hydrophobic antioxidant compounds in the corn‐zein layer. Examination of release kinetics in the gas and liquid phases verified that antioxidants were effectively released from the films and inhibited oxidation during testing. Finally, the films were used for fresh ground beef packaging, and effectively inhibited lipid oxidation and had a positive effect on the color stability of beef patties during storage. These results indicate that the developed antioxidant films are a novel active packaging material that can be effectively implemented by the food industry to improve the quality and safety of foods.Practical Application:  Zein protein, a by‐product of corn processing industry, was laminated into plastic films in combination with natural phenolic compounds to develop antioxidant packaging films. The films demonstrated their efficient release patterns of antioxidant compounds, which are suitable for packaging applications and food protection.
Comparison of EyeCam and anterior segment optical coherence tomography in detecting angle closure
Authors: Baskaran Mani , Aung Tin , Friedman David S. , Tun Tin A. , Perera Shamira A. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract.Purpose:  To compare the diagnostic performance of EyeCam (Clarity Medical Systems, Pleasanton, CA, USA) and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT, Visante; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA, USA) in detecting angle closure, using gonioscopy as the reference standard.Methods:  Ninety‐eight phakic patients, recruited from a glaucoma clinic, underwent gonioscopy by a single examiner, and EyeCam and ASOCT imaging by another examiner. Another observer, masked to gonioscopy findings, graded EyeCam and ASOCT images. For both gonioscopy and EyeCam, a closed angle in a particular quadrant was defined if the posterior trabecular meshwork was not visible. For ASOCT, angle closure was defined by any contact between the iris and angle anterior to the scleral spur. An eye was diagnosed as having angle closure if ≥2 quadrants were closed. Agreement and area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) were evaluated.Results:  The majority of subjects were Chinese (69/98, 70.4%) with a mean age of 60.6 years. Angle closure was diagnosed in 39/98 (39.8%) eyes with gonioscopy, 40/98 (40.8%) with EyeCam and 56/97 (57.7%) with ASOCT. The agreement (kappa statistic) for angle closure diagnosis for gonioscopy versus EyeCam was 0.89; gonioscopy versus ASOCT and EyeCam versus ASOCT were both 0.56. The AUC for detecting eyes with gonioscopic angle closure with EyeCam was 0.978 (95% CI: 0.93–1.0) and 0.847 (95% CI: 0.76–0.92, p < 0.01) for ASOCT.Conclusion:  The diagnostic performance of EyeCam was better than ASOCT in detecting angle closure when gonioscopic grading was used as the reference standard. The agreement between the two imaging modalities was moderate.
Reproducibility of retinal vessel oxygen saturation measurements in healthy young subjects
Authors: Lasta Michael , Palkovits Stefan , Boltz Agnes , Schmidl Doreen , Kaya Semira , Cherecheanu Alina Popa , Garhöfer Gerhard , Schmetterer Leopold 
Published: September 2012

Abstract.Purpose:  An adequate oxygenation and perfusion is essential for the function of the inner retina. Recently, several techniques for the measurement of retinal oxygen saturation became available. We set out to evaluate reproducibility of the measurements using a modified Retinal Vessel Analyzer.Methods:  A total of 20 healthy female and male subjects aged between 18 and 35 years (22.9 ± 3.9; mean ± SD) were included. The measurement of retinal oxygen saturation with the retinal oximeter employed in this study is based on optical reflectometry using the different absorption characteristics of oxygenated and deoxygenated haemoglobin. The intraclass correlation coefficients and the coefficients of variation (CV) for test–retest, short‐term as well as day‐to‐day measurements were calculated.Results:  The intraclass correlation coefficients were between 0.91 and 0.94 for retinal branch arteries and between 0.84 and 0.88 for retinal branch veins. In retinal arteries, we calculated a test–retest CV of 3.24 ± 3.18% for oxygen saturation measurements. In retinal veins, data were slightly less reproducible with a CV of 4.92 ± 3.57%. Short‐term reproducibility of both measurement cycles on each study day was in the same range (CV in retinal arteries: 2.91 ± 2.42% and CV in retinal veins: 4.76 ± 3.14%). The day‐to‐day coefficient of variation was slightly higher (CV in retinal arteries: 3.97 ± 2.87% and CV in retinal veins: 6.18 ± 3.36%).Conclusion:  The reproducibility of haemoglobin oxygen saturation measurements using the retinal oximeter is acceptable. Further studies on the validity of the obtained results are, however, required.
Biomechanical profile of the cornea in primary congenital glaucoma
Authors: Gatzioufas Zisis , Labiris Georgios , Stachs Oliver , Hovakimyan Marine , Schnaidt Arnulf , Viestenz Arne , Käsmann‐Kellner Barbara , Seitz Berthold 
Published: September 2012

Abstract.Purpose:  The aim of our study was to investigate the biomechanical properties of the cornea in primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) and to identify the potential ocular determinants, which affect the corneal biomechanical metrics.Methods:  Corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF) and central corneal thickness (CCT) were measured in 26 patients with PCG (40 eyes) with the aid of ocular response analyser. In vivo laser‐scanning confocal microscopy was used for the estimation of stromal keratocyte density (KD) and the evaluation of corneal endothelium. Twenty normal subjects (40 eyes) served as controls. Student’s t‐test and Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used for statistical analysis. p Values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results:  Corneal hysteresis, CRF and CCT were significantly reduced in patients with PCG (all p < 0.05). Corneal hysteresis and CRF negatively correlated with the corneal diameter in both groups (r1 = −0.53, r2 = −0.66, p < 0.001 for CH and r1 = −0.61, r2 = −0.69, p < 0.001 for CRF). Moreover, we identified a significant correlation between CH and CRF with CCT in both groups (r1 = 0.51, r2 = 0.48, p < 0.001 for CH and r1 = 0.45, r2 = 0.44, p < 0.001 for CRF). Mean KD was significantly reduced both in the anterior and posterior corneal stroma in patients with PCG (764 ± 162 and 362 ± 112 cells/mm2, respectively) compared with controls (979 ± 208 and 581 ± 131 cells/mm2, respectively) (p < 0.001). There was no significant correlation between the keratocyte density in anterior and/or posterior stroma and CH or CRF in any group (r1 = 0.29, r2 = 0.31, p < 0.06). Mean endothelial cell density was also significantly reduced in PCG group (2920 ± 443 cells/mm2) compared with control group (3421 ± 360 cells/mm2) (p < 0.001). Pleomorphism and polymegalism were significantly increased in corneal endothelium of patients with PCG.Conclusions:  Our results showed a significant reduction in CH and CRF in PCG. Both CH and CRF were negatively correlated with corneal diameter. A significant correlation of CH and CRF with CCT was identified in both groups. Keratocyte density was decreased in PCG, but did not have a significant impact on CH and CRF. Mean endothelial density was also decreased in PCG. Our results suggest that reduced CCT and increased corneal diameter are major ocular determinants for the modified corneal biomechanical profile in PCG, while cellular alterations in corneal stroma and endothelium have no significant biomechanical impact.