bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How sex-biased dispersal affects conflict over parental investment
Authors: Kuijper Bram , Johnstone Rufus A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractExisting models of parental investment have mainly focused on interactions at the level of the family, and have paid much less attention to the impact of population-level processes. Here we extend classical models of parental care to assess the impact of population structure and limited dispersal. We find that sex-differences in dispersal substantially affect the amount of care provided by each parent, with the more philopatric sex providing the majority of the care to young. This effect is most pronounced in highly viscous populations: in such cases, when classical models would predict stable biparental care, inclusion of a modest sex difference in dispersal leads to uniparental care by the philopatric sex. In addition, mating skew also affects sex-differences in parental investment, with the more numerous sex providing most of the care. However, the effect of mating skew only holds when parents care for their own offspring. When individuals breed communally, we recover the previous finding that the more philopatric sex provides most of the care, even when it is the rare sex. Finally, we show that sex-differences in dispersal can mask the existence of sex-specific costs of care, because the philopatric sex may provide most of the care even in the face of far higher mortality costs relative to the dispersing sex. We conclude that sex-biased dispersal is likely to be an important, yet currently overlooked driver of sex-differences in parental care.
Director identity in pre- and post-crisis Iceland: effects of board life stage and gender
Authors: Jonsdottir Thoranna , Singh Val , Terjesen Siri , Vinnicombe Susan 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine how directors’ roles and social identities are shaped by gender and board life stage, using pre- and post-crisis Iceland as the setting. Recent theoretical work suggests the importance of directors’ monitoring and resource provision roles at certain board life stages; however, there is limited empirical evidence of directors’ identification with these roles as well as social role identification as a member of the board.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors contribute empirical evidence from interviews with 23 corporate directors in Iceland on individual identification with the director role of monitoring and resource provision, relational identification with the CEO role and social identification as a member of the board.

Findings
– Prior to the crisis, male directors identified more strongly with resource provision and with their social roles and less strongly with monitoring roles. Compared to their male counterparts, pre-crisis female directors identified more strongly with monitoring and did not identify with their social roles. After the crisis, mature boards’ male director role identities were little changed; male directors continued to identify with resource provision and social identification, rather than monitoring, roles. Compared to pre-crisis, post-crisis female directors described greater identity with their resource provision roles and reported that male directors resented their attempts to fulfill their monitoring roles. In post-crisis, newly formed diverse boards, male and female directors reported very similar role identities which reflected balanced monitoring and resource provision roles, for example providing the board with ethical individual identities and unblemished reputations. The findings of this paper indicate that board composition and life cycle stage might have more impact on director identity than a pre- or post-crisis setting. These findings suggest implications for theory, practice and future research.

Originality/value
– This paper provides further empirical evidence of the roles male and female directors identify with on corporate boards. Its originality lies in the context of the board work in terms of newly formed and mature boards, before and after the financial crisis, with differing gender composition (male-dominated and gender-balanced boards).
Bridging practices as enablers of intercultural translation
Authors: Cruz Angela Gracia B. , Buchanan-Oliver Margo 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to understand the elements of bridging practices enacted by Asian immigrant consumers and exploring how these practices constitute reverse acculturation within immigrant-receiving Western cultures.

Design/methodology/approach
– A practice theoretical perspective was deployed in concert with a hermeneutic analysis of two-part depth interviews with 26 Southeast Asian immigrants in New Zealand. Multi-modal methods and open narrative reflexivity were deployed to improve depth and trustworthiness.

Findings
– Participant narratives revealed three intertwined elements of bridging practices: articulations (involving sayings and meanings), performances (involving embodied social activities and material artefacts) and contestations (involving tensions and anxieties). Bridging practices create shared social spaces and facilitate the intensification of intercultural translation.

Research limitations/implications
– Bridging practices provide a partial view of wider “circuits of practice” (Magaudda, 2011) which cumulatively constitute reverse acculturation. Future research is needed to show how bridging practices serve as resources for transforming the consumption practices of local consumers in Western cultures.

Originality/value
– This study advances consumer acculturation theory in three ways. First, this study identifies a key practice of intercultural translation between Asian and Western consumer cultures. In particular, this study shows that intercultural translation occurs not only through ethnic economies but also in a diverse range of private and public sites. Second, in addition to local consumers’ practices (Sobh et al., 2012), this study highlights the role of immigrant consumers’ practices in reverse acculturation, thereby providing empirical evidence for Luedicke’s (2011) conceptual model of intercultural adaptation. Third, in addition to the influence of acculturating agents on immigrant consumers (Askegaard et al., 2005; Peñaloza, 1994), this study demonstrates how immigrant consumers themselves can act as acculturating agents.
Invasibility of a mesic grassland depends on the time‐scale of fluctuating resources
Authors: Koerner Sally E. , Avolio Meghan L. , Chang Cynthia C. , Gray Jesse , Hoover David L. , Smith Melinda D. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryGlobal change is increasing the frequency and magnitude of resource fluctuations (pulses) at multiple time‐scales. According to the fluctuating resource availability hypothesis (FRAH), susceptibility of an ecosystem to invasion (i.e. invasibility) is expected to increase whenever resource supply exceeds that which is utilized by native communities. Thus, global change has the potential to increase invasibility around the world.Here, we test theFRAHby adding seeds of a target invader grass species to a long‐term climate change experiment manipulating precipitation pulse size in tallgrass prairie inKansas,USA.Our experimental work yielded three important findings. First, contrary to predictions of theFRAH, invasibility wasreducedwith short time‐scale resource pulses (intra‐annual time‐scale). Secondly, we found evidence to suggest that at inter‐annual time‐scales, theFRAHis supported. Wet years resulted in an increase in the number of established seedlings as well as the number of seedlings that persisted to the end of the season. Finally, we found that invasibility was positively related to native community richness and the density of individuals in the community suggesting that native communities facilitate establishment of invader species. Perhaps more importantly, results from this 10‐year invasion study also show that resource availability drives invasion and that the biotic filters of plant community structure and diversity are secondary.Synthesis. Our findings suggest that intensification of precipitation regimes may enhance resistance to invasion at intra‐annual time‐scales, but will have opposing effects if precipitation regimes include more wet years.
Review: domestic animal forensic genetics – biological evidence, genetic markers, analytical approaches and challenges
Authors: Kanthaswamy S. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThis review highlights the importance of domestic animal genetic evidence sources, genetic testing, markers and analytical approaches as well as the challenges this field is facing in view of the de facto ‘gold standard’ human DNA identification. Because of the genetic similarity between humans and domestic animals, genetic analysis of domestic animal hair, saliva, urine, blood and other biological material has generated vital investigative leads that have been admitted into a variety of court proceedings, including criminal and civil litigation. Information on validated short tandem repeat, single nucleotide polymorphism and mitochondrial DNA markers and public access to genetic databases for forensic DNA analysis is becoming readily available. Although the fundamental aspects of animal forensic genetic testing may be reliable and acceptable, animal forensic testing still lacks the standardized testing protocols that human genetic profiling requires, probably because of the absence of monetary support from government agencies and the difficulty in promoting cooperation among competing laboratories. Moreover, there is a lack in consensus about how to best present the results and expert opinion to comply with court standards and bear judicial scrutiny. This has been the single most persistent challenge ever since the earliest use of domestic animal forensic genetic testing in a criminal case in the mid‐1990s. Crime laboratory accreditation ensures that genetic test results have the courts’ confidence. Because accreditation requires significant commitments of effort, time and resources, the vast majority of animal forensic genetic laboratories are not accredited nor are their analysts certified forensic examiners. The relevance of domestic animal forensic genetics in the criminal justice system is undeniable. However, further improvements are needed in a wide range of supporting resources, including standardized quality assurance and control protocols for sample handling, evidence testing, statistical analysis and reporting that meet the rules of scientific acceptance, reliability and human forensic identification standards.
Pollinosis and all‐cause mortality among middle‐aged and elderly Japanese: a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Konishi S. , Ng C. F. S. , Stickley A. , Watanabe C. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryBackgroundHaving an allergic disease may have health implications beyond those more commonly associated with allergy given that previous epidemiological studies have suggested that both atopy and allergy are linked to mortality. More viable immune functioning among the elderly, as indicated by the presence of an allergic disease, might therefore be associated with differences in all‐cause mortality.ObjectiveUsing data from a Japanese cohort, this study examined whether having pollinosis (a form of allergic rhinitis) in a follow‐up survey could predict all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality.MethodsData came from the Komo‐Ise cohort, which at its 1993 baseline recruited residents aged 40–69 years from two areas in Gunma prefecture, Japan. The current study used information on pollinosis that was obtained from the follow‐up survey in 2000. Mortality and migration data were obtained throughout the follow‐up period up to December 2008. Proportional hazard models were used to examine the relation between pollinosis and mortality.ResultsAt the 2000 follow‐up survey, 12% (1088 of 8796) of respondents reported that they had pollinosis symptoms in the past 12 months. During the 76 186 person‐years of follow‐up, 748 died from all causes. Among these, there were 37 external, 208 cardiovascular, 74 respiratory, and 329 neoplasm deaths. After adjusting for potential confounders, pollinosis was associated with significantly lower all‐cause [hazard ratio 0.57 (95% confidence interval = 0.38–0.87)] and neoplasms mortality [hazard ratio 0.48 (95% confidence interval = 0.26–0.92)].Conclusions and clinical relevanceHaving an allergic disease (pollinosis) at an older age may be indicative of more viable immune functioning and be protective against certain causes of death. Further research is needed to determine the possible mechanisms underlying the association between pollinosis and mortality.
The Agency Model for Digital Goods
Authors: Tan Yinliang , Carrillo Janice E. , Cheng Hsing Kenny 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTWhile digital goods industries such as entertainment, software, and publishing are growing at a rapid pace, traditional supply chain contract models have failed to evolve with the new digital economy. To illustrate, the agency model utilized by the e‐book publishing industry has recently received much negative attention brought by the U.S. Department of Justice's lawsuit against Apple, Inc. The emerging agency model in the e‐book industry works as follows: the publisher sets the price of the digital goods and the retailers who serve as agents retain a percentage of the revenue associated with a consumer purchase. The regulators claim that the agency model is hurting this industry as well as the consumer's welfare because e‐book prices have increased after the introduction of the agency model. We investigate the strategic impact of the agency model by examining a digital goods supply chain with one supplier and two competing retailers. In comparison to the benchmark wholesale model, we find that the agency model can coordinate the competing retailers by dividing the coordinated profits into a prenegotiated revenue sharing proportion. Further, we also identify the Pareto improving region whereby both the supplier and the retailers prefer the agency model to the wholesale model. Our main qualitative insight regarding the agency model still holds even when we consider the presence of the printed books in the marketplace. Thus, contrary to current press presaging the negative impact of the agency model on the e‐books industry, we find the agency model to be superior to the traditional wholesale contracts for publishers, retailers and consumers in this digital goods industry.
Rapid warming and drought negatively impact population size and reproductive dynamics of an avian predator in the arid southwest
Authors: Cruz‐McDonnell Kirsten K. , Wolf Blair O. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAvian communities of arid ecosystems may be particularly vulnerable to global climate change due to the magnitude of projected change for desert regions and the inherent challenges for species residing in resource limited ecosystems. How arid‐zone birds will be affected by rapid increases in air temperature and increased drought frequency and severity is poorly understood because avian responses to climate change have primarily been studied in the relatively mesic northern temperate regions. We studied the effects of increasing air temperature and aridity on a Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia) population in the southwestern United States from 1998 to 2013. Over 16 years, the breeding population declined 98.1%, from 52 pairs to 1 pair, and nest success and fledgling output also declined significantly. These trends were strongly associated with the combined effects of decreased precipitation and increased air temperature. Arrival on the breeding grounds, pair formation, nest initiation, and hatch dates all showed significant delays ranging from 9.4 to 25.1 days over 9 years, which have negative effects on reproduction. Adult and juvenile body mass decreased significantly over time, with a loss of 7.9% mass in adult males and 10.9% mass in adult females over 16 years, and a loss of 20.0% mass in nestlings over 8 years. Taken together, these population and reproductive trends have serious implications for local population persistence. The southwestern United States has been identified as a climate change hotspot, with projections of warmer temperatures, less winter precipitation, and an increase in frequency and severity of extreme events including drought and heat waves. An increasingly warm and dry climate may contribute to this species' decline and may already be a driving force of their apparent decline in the desert southwest.
Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is a novel, independent predictive marker of myocardial infarction in HIV‐1‐infected patients: a nested case‐control study
Authors: Rasmussen LJH , Knudsen A , Katzenstein TL , Gerstoft J , Obel N , Jørgensen NR , Kronborg G , Benfield T , Kjær A , Eugen‐Olsen J , Lebech A‐M 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesPatients infected with HIV are at increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI). Increased plasma levels of the inflammatory biomarker soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) have been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including MI in the general population. We tested suPAR as a predictive biomarker of MI in HIV‐1‐infected individuals.MethodssuPAR levels were investigated in a nested case‐control study of 55 HIV‐1‐infected cases with verified first‐time MI and 182 HIV‐1‐infected controls with no known CVD. Controls were matched for age, gender, duration of antiretroviral therapy (ART), smoking and no known CVD. suPAR was measured in the four plasma samples available for each patient at different time‐points; 1, Before initiation of ART; 2, 3 months after initiation of ART; 3, 1 year before the case's MI; and 4, The last sample available before the case's MI.ResultsIn unadjusted conditional regression analysis, higher levels of suPAR were associated with a significant increase in risk of MI at all time‐points. Patients in the third and fourth suPAR quartiles had a three‐ to 10‐fold higher risk of MI compared to patients in the lowest suPAR quartile at all time‐points. suPAR remained a strong significant predictor of MI, when adjusting for HIV‐1 RNA, total cholesterol, triglycerides and high‐density lipoprotein.ConclusionElevated suPAR levels were associated with increased risk of MI in HIV‐infected patients, suggesting that suPAR could be a useful biomarker for prediction of first‐time MI in this patient group, even years before the event.
A family‐focused intervention for heart failure self‐care: conceptual underpinnings of a culturally appropriate intervention
Authors: Deek Hiba , Noureddine Samar , Newton Phillip J. , Inglis Sally C. , MacDonald Peter S. , Davidson Patricia M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimA discussion of the conceptual elements of an intervention tailored to the needs of Lebanese families.BackgroundThe role of informal caregiving is strongly recommended for individuals with chronic conditions including heart failure. Although this importance is recognized, conceptual and theoretical underpinnings are not well elucidated nor are methods of intervention implementation.DesignDiscussion paper on the conceptual underpinning of the FAMILY model.Methods and data sourcesThis intervention was undertaken using linked methods: (1) Appraisal of theoretical model; (2) review of systematic reviews on educational interventions promoting self‐management in chronic conditions in four databases with no year limit; (3) socio‐cultural context identification from selected papers; (4) expert consultation using consensus methods; and (5) model development.ResultsTheories on self‐care and behavioural change, eighteen systematic reviews on educational interventions and selected papers identifying sociocultural elements along with expert opinion were used to guide the development of The FAMILY Intervention Heart Failure Model. Theory and practice driven concepts identified include: behavioural change, linkage, partnership and self‐regulation.Implications for nursingHeart failure is a common condition often requiring in‐hospital and home‐based care. Educational interventions targeting the socio‐cultural influences of the patients and their family caregivers through a structured and well‐designed program can improve outcomes.ConclusionAs the burden of chronic diseases increases globally, particularly in emerging economies, developing models of intervention that are appropriate to both the individual and the socio‐cultural context are necessary.
Important role of 5‐hydroxytryptamine in glucocorticoid‐induced insulin resistance in liver and intra‐abdominal adipose tissue of rats
Authors: Li Tao , Guo Keke , Qu Wei , Han Ying , Wang Shanshan , Lin Min , An Shanshan , Li Xin , Ma Shaoxin , Wang Tianying , Ji Shiya , Hanson Christian , Fu Jihua 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAim/IntroductionBoth glucocorticoids and 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) have been shown to induce insulin resistance (IR) in hepatocytes and adipocytes. Here, we explore whether there is a correlation between them.Materials and MethodsExcept for the control group, male rats were exposed to dexamethasone treated with or without para‐chlorophenylalanine (pCPA), or carbidopa for 20 days. Except for the control group, buffalo rat liver 3A (BRL‐3A) cells were exposed to dexamethasone for 24 h, treated with or withoutpCPA, carbidopa, or clorgiline for 48 h, or exposed to 5‐HTtreated with or without fluoxetine for 48 h. Whole‐bodyIRwas determined by both glucose tolerance test and measurement of fasting blood glucose and insulin, whereas hepatocytes or adipocytesIRwas determined by examining either hepatic gluconeogenesis, steatosis and glucose transporter 2 expression or lipolysis.ResultsDexamethasone‐induced whole‐bodyIR, liver and intraabdominal adiposeIRwere accompanied by upregulated expressions of tryptophan hydroxylase‐1 and aromatic amino acid decarboxylase with increased 5‐HTlevel in both tissues, which were attenuated significantly bypCPA, inhibiting tryptophan hydroxylase‐1, or carbidopa, inhibiting aromatic amino acid decarboxylase. [Correction added on 22 September 2015, after first online publication: ‘inhibiting aromatic amino acid decarboxylase’ was duplicated and has been replaced by ‘tryptophan hydroxylase‐1’.] In theBRL‐3A cells, dexamethasone‐inducedIRwas also accompanied by upregulated 5‐HTsynthesis in dose‐ and time‐dependent manners, and was attenuated bypCPAor carbidopa, but exacerbated by clorgiline, inhibiting monoamine oxidase‐A to further increase 5‐HTlevel. Dexamethasone also enhanced 5‐HT2A and 2B receptor expressions in both tissues andBRL‐3A cells. Additionally, blocking 5‐HTtransporter with fluoxetine significantly suppressed 5‐HT‐inducedIRinBRL‐3A cells.ConclusionEnhancement of 5‐HTsynthesis in liver and intra‐abdominal adipose is an important reason for glucocorticoids‐inducedIR.