bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attitudes among Danes toward termination of pregnancy for social reasons and fetal abnormality
Authors: Uldall Sigurd Wiingaard 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate attitude among Danes toward termination of pregnancy (TOP) for social reasons and fetal abnormality (Down's syndrome, cystic fibrosis, adult polycystic kidney disease and the missing of one upper extremity) at different gestational ages.MethodA questionnaire was mailed to 1000 Danish citizens aged 18 to 45 years randomly drawn from the Danish Central Personal Register. A significance level of 0.05 was used for statistical estimations.ResultsResponse rate was 49%. Eighty‐two percent supported TOP for social reasons < 18‐week gestation. Apart from polycystic kidney disease and the missing of an extremity < week 18 gestation, the support for TOP varied significantly between each condition and decreased with increasing gestational age (non‐overlapping confidence intervals, p < 0.05), with termination of Down's syndrome receiving the most support (85% < week 18 and 18% at week 26). Fewer would personally opt for termination. Preimplantation diagnostic was supported by a majority. Ninety percent gave consistent responses, and among these, a majority had a gradualistic approach to TOP. Religion and political affiliations were statistically associated with the investigated issues.ConclusionInternationally compared Danes are less supportive of selective terminations. Their attitudes continue to be dominated by a gradualistic view on terminations. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The three‐dimensional structure of TrmB, a transcriptional regulator of dual function in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus in complex with sucrose
Authors: Krug Michael , Lee Sung‐Jae , Boos Winfried , Diederichs Kay , Welte Wolfram 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTrmB is a repressor that binds maltose, maltotriose, and sucrose, as well as other α‐glucosides. It recognizes two different operator sequences controlling the TM (Trehalose/Maltose) and the MD (Maltodextrin) operon encoding the respective ABC transporters and sugar‐degrading enzymes. Binding of maltose to TrmB abrogates repression of the TM operon but maintains the repression of the MD operon. On the other hand, binding of sucrose abrogates repression of the MD operon but maintains repression of the TM operon. The three‐dimensional structure of TrmB in complex with sucrose was solved and refined to a resolution of 3.0 Å. The structure shows the N‐terminal DNA binding domain containing a winged‐helix‐turn‐helix (wHTH) domain followed by an amphipathic helix with a coiled‐coil motif. The latter promotes dimerization and places the symmetry mates of the putative recognition helix in the wHTH motif about 30 Å apart suggesting a canonical binding to two successive major grooves of duplex palindromic DNA. This suggests that the structure resembles the conformation of TrmB recognizing the pseudopalindromic TM promoter but not the conformation recognizing the nonpalindromic MD promoter.
III–V nanowire photovoltaics: Review of design for high efficiency
Authors: LaPierre R. R. , Chia A. C. E. , Gibson S. J. , Haapamaki C. M. , Boulanger J. , Yee R. , Kuyanov P. , Zhang J. , Tajik N. , Jewell N. , Rahman K. M. A. 
Published: April 2013

Abstractmagnified imageThis article reviews recent developments in nanowire‐based photovoltaics (PV) with an emphasis on III–V semiconductors including growth mechanisms, device fabrication and performance results. We first review the available nanowire growth methods followed by control of nanowire growth direction and crystal structure. Important device issues are reviewed, including optical absorption, carrier collection, strain accommodation, design for high efficiency, tunnel junctions, Ohmic contact formation, passivation and doping. Performance data of III–V nanowire cells and the primary challenges in nanowire PV are summarized. Many of the issues discussed here are also applicable to other nanowire devices such as photodetectors. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Secure secret reconstruction and multi‐secret sharing schemes with unconditional security
Authors: Harn Lein 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTIn Shamir's (t, n) secret sharing (SS) scheme, the secret s is divided into n shares by a dealer and is shared among n shareholders in such a way that any t or more than t shares can reconstruct this secret; but fewer than t shares cannot obtain any information about the secret s. In this paper, we will introduce the security problem that an adversary can obtain the secret when there are more than t participants in Shamir's secret reconstruction. A secure secret reconstruction scheme, which prevents the adversary from obtaining the secret is proposed. In our scheme, Lagrange components, which are linear combination of shares, are used to reconstruct the secret. Lagrange component can protect shares unconditionally. We show that this scheme can be extended to design a multi‐secret sharing scheme. All existing multi‐secret sharing schemes are based on some cryptographic assumptions, such as a secure one‐way function or solving the discrete logarithm problem; but, our proposed multi‐secret sharing scheme is unconditionally secure. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The legacy of the Kyoto Protocol: a view from the policy world
Authors: Metz Bert 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe Kyoto Protocol (KP) has played an important role in putting climate change action firmly on the political agenda and to deliver real reductions in industrialized countries' Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. It also led to widespread action in developing countries through the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), although real emission reductions were much smaller than how they appear on paper. Policies to promote low emission technologies have been applied widely. Financial support to developing countries from public and private sources has grown to about US$100 billion/year. In 30–40% of CDM projects, foreign technology was used and the investment in renewable energy in developing countries rose to US$ 70 billion/year in 2011, with some Chinese and Indian manufacturers belonging to the top global suppliers. An extensive administrative machinery of reporting of emissions and other data, review, and enforcement has been built. And awareness of climate change, its impacts, and how to tackle it has grown enormously. However, as results from the past are not a guarantee for the future, the prospects for the KP look bleak. Geopolitical developments led to rejection by emerging economies to adopt the KP model of legally binding emission reductions, which triggered reluctance by major industrialized countries to continue this model. With the persistent rejection of the USA of the KP model, it seems a different approach will be needed. This could for instance be a system based on commitments that are only binding under national law or a system based on coordination of policies and measures across countries, which would ‘wake up’ an unused article of the KP. WIREs Clim Change 2013, 4:151–158. doi: 10.1002/wcc.216This article is categorized under:

Climate and Development > Knowledge and Action in Development
Policy and Governance > Multilevel and Transnational Climate Change Governance
Policy and Governance > International Policy Framework
Formation of a [4.3.0]‐Bicyclic Aluminum‐Phosphorus Compound with Annulated C3P2 and Al2C2PH Heterocycles and a 3c‐2e Al–H–Al Bond
Authors: Uhl Werner , Roters Steffi , Hepp Alexander 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAbstract. Treatment of the dialkynylphosphine Mes–P(–C≡C–CMe3)2 (1) with diethylaluminum hydride (2) in an equimolar ratio afforded a mixture of compounds, in which a [3.2.0]‐bicyclic compound 3 with annulated four‐membered AlC2P and five‐membered P2C3 heterocycles could be identified by NMR spectroscopy. Excess of the hydride 2 yielded small quantities of the zwitterionic [4.3.0]‐bicyclic compound 4, which formally resulted from the unique insertion of a diethylaluminum hydride molecule into the Al–C(vinyl) bond of the strained four‐membered heterocycle of 3. A six‐membered ring is formed which contains an Al–H–Al 3c‐2e bond.
Clinical features of pancreaticobiliary maljunction: update analysis of 2nd Japan‐nationwide survey
Authors: Morine Yuji , Shimada Mitsuo , Takamatsu Hideo , Araida Tatsuo , Endo Itaru , Kubota Masayuki , Toki Akira , Noda Takuo , Matsumura Toshinobu , Miyakawa Shuichi , Ishibashi Hiroki , Kamisawa Terumi , Shimada Hiroshi 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIntroductionPancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM) is a congenital anomaly, which can be defined as a union of the pancreatic and biliary ducts located outside off the duodenal wall. We herein investigate clinical features of PBM including as the 2nd report of a Japanese nationwide survey.Patients and methodsDuring a period of 18 years (from 1990 to 2007), 2,561 patients with PBM were registered at 141 medical institutions in Japan. Among them, eligible patients (n = 2,529) were divided into two groups: adult (n = 1,511) and pediatric patients (n = 1,018). Comparisons of clinical features including associated biliary cancers were performed according to the biliary dilatation (BD), age factor, and time era.ResultsOnly one case in pediatric patients with BD combined with a bile duct cancer (0.1 %). In adult patients, the bile duct cancer and the gallbladder cancer was seen in 6.9 and 13.4 % patients with BD and in 3.1 and 37.4 % patients without BD, respectively. In adult patients with BD, the occurrence rates of biliary cancers were increased in latter period (00′—07′) compared with former period (90′—99′). The ratio of biliary cancer localization was changed between former and latter period, and the bile duct cancer was increased in latter period (from 5.5 to 9.3 %).ConclusionsThe largest series of PBM were evaluated to clarify the clinical features including the associated biliary cancer in this Japan‐nationwide survey. This report could be widely used in the future as a reference data for diagnosis and treatment of PBM.
International women physicians’ perspectives on choosing an academic medicine
career
Authors: Borges Nicole J. , Grover Amelia C. , Navarro Anita M. , Raque-Bogdan Trisha L. , Elton Caroline 
Published: April 2013

Concerns about recruiting physicians into academic careers is an international
issue. A qualitative study with United States (US) women physicians revealed insights
into how, when, and why physicians choose an academic career in medicine. The current
study explored international women physicians’ perspectives on their career choice of
academic medicine and determined if different themes emerged. We expanded the 2012 study
of US women physicians by interviewing women physicians in Canada, Pakistan, Mexico, and
Sweden to gain an international perspective on choosing an academic career. Interviews
were thematically analyzed against themes identified in the previous study. Based on
themes identified in the study of US physicians, qualitative analysis of 7 international
women physicians revealed parallel themes for the following areas: Why
academic medicine? Fit; People; Aspects of academic health centre environment. How
the decision to enter academic medicine was made? Decision-making style;
Emotionality When the decision to enter academic medicine was made? Practising
physician; Fellowship; Medical student. Work-life balance, choosing academic
medicine by default, serendipity, intellectual stimulation, mentors, research and
teaching were among the areas specifically highlighted. Conclusion: Parallel themes
exist regarding how, why, and when US and international women physicians choose academic
medicine as a career path.
On local aspects of topological weak mixing, sequence entropy and chaos
Authors: OPROCHA PIOTR , ZHANG GUOHUA 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn this paper we show that for every$n\geq 2$there are minimal systems with perfect weakly mixing sets of order$n$and all weakly mixing sets of order$n+ 1$trivial. We present some relations between weakly mixing sets and topological sequence entropy; in particular, we prove that invertible minimal systems with non-trivial weakly mixing sets of order three always have positive topological sequence entropy. We also study relations between weak mixing of sets and other well-established notions from qualitative theory of dynamical systems like (regional) proximality, chaos and equicontinuity in a broad sense.
In Search of “Red Ellen” Wilkinson Beyond Frontiers and Beyond the Nation State
Authors: Perry Matt 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis article reconsiders the life of Ellen Wilkinson (1891–1947) – British Minister of Education from 1945 to 1947 and leader of the Jarrow Crusade of 1936 – by exploring the transnational aspect of her politics. It seeks to establish the significance of her transnational orientation and how this can allow us to complement and deepen existing understandings of her. Drawing on the literature on transnational activist networks, it outlines the complexity of transnational networks and her repertoire of transnational political practice. Without serious attention to this global dimension of her politics, our understanding of Wilkinson is attenuated and distorted. Crucially, the heroic construction of “Red Ellen” in both labourist and socialist-feminist narratives has obscured her second radicalization (1932–1936) and the sharpness of her metamorphosis into a mainstream Labour Party figure in 1939–1940.
Sentence repetition as a marker of language skills in children with dyslexia
Authors: MOLL KRISTINA , HULME CHARLES , NAG SONALI , SNOWLING MARGARET J. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the role of length and complexity on sentence repetition in children with dyslexia and typical readers. Length and complexity each had independent effects on sentence repetition, and children with dyslexia performed more poorly than typical readers. This group effect was attributable to individual differences in language rather than memory skills. Error analyses revealed that content words (specifically adjectives) were more likely to be omitted in longer than in shorter sentences independent of complexity. In complex sentences, function words (specifically prepositions) were the most vulnerable to errors, particularly for a subgroup of children with dyslexia who had oral language difficulties. It is proposed that deficits in sentence repetition are indicative of language difficulties in children with dyslexia.
Characteristics of care-givers and care recipients influencing the impact of paid care services on family care-giver burdens
Authors: NAKAGAWA YOSHINORI , YAMADA RINA , NASU SEIGO 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTIn the last few decades, a number of researchers have attempted to identify the effects of paid care services on alleviating the sense of burden of family care-givers, especially care-givers to people with dementia. However, few researchers have considered the possibility that paid care services alleviate the sense of burden only among those care-givers who possess specific characteristics. Without considering this point, the impact of paid care services would be averaged over an entire sample, and one might overlook the effects on these specific care-givers. With this background, this study examines the relationship between family care-givers' sense of burden and the amount of paid care services in Japan and identifies groups of care-givers among whom these services are significantly associated with a lesser sense of burden. The sense of burden of 339 family care-givers to older care recipients with dementia was measured using a modified version of the Caregiver Burden Inventory. In order to examine their association with the amount of paid care services received, logistic regression analysis was individually applied to groups of care-givers who exhibit specific characteristics. The results suggested that paid care services alleviated two out of five components of burden, provided the groups to which the analyses are applied are appropriately defined. In particular, two subsets of the entire sample, comprising young care-givers aged 49 or below, and including male care-givers, indicated that their overall sense of social and emotional burden were alleviated by the use of paid care services. The practical implications for policy makers are discussed.
Calibration of omnidirectional wheeled mobile robots: method and experiments
Authors: Maddahi Yaser , Maddahi Ali , Sepehri Nariman 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYOdometry errors, which occur during wheeled mobile robot movement, are inevitable as they originate from hard-to-avoid imperfections such as unequal wheels diameters, joints misalignment, backlash, slippage in encoder pulses, and much more. This paper extends the method, developed previously by the authors for calibration of differential mobile robots, to reduce positioning errors for the class of mobile robots having omnidirectional wheels. The method is built upon the easy to construct kinematic formulation of omnidirectional wheels, and is capable of compensating both systematic and non-systematic errors. The effectiveness of the method is experimentally investigated on a prototype three-wheeled omnidirectional mobile robot. The validations include tracking unseen trajectories, self-rotation, as well as travelling over surface irregularities. Results show that the method is very effective in improving position errors by at least 68%. Since the method is simple to implement and has no assumption on the sources of errors, it should be considered seriously as a tool for calibrating omnidirectional mobile having any number of wheels.
Seroprevalence survey on measles, mumps, rubella and varicella antibodies in healthcare workers in Japan: sex, age, occupational-related differences and vaccine efficacy
Authors: KUMAKURA S. , SHIBATA H. , ONODA K. , NISHIMURA N. , MATSUDA C. , HIROSE M. 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYA seroprevalence survey on measles, mumps, rubella and varicella was conducted on healthcare workers (HCWs) at Shimane University Hospital, Japan utilizing an enzyme immunoassay. Of 1811 HCWs tested, 91·8% were seropositive to measles, 92·1% to mumps, 89·5% to rubella and 96·3% to varicella. Sex-related differences in seroprevalence were found in rubella (males vs. females: 84·7 vs. 92·2%, P < 0·001). Moreover, males aged 30–39 years were most susceptible to rubella (22·4%), which may be attributed to the design of childhood immunization programmes in Japan. Individuals aged ⩽29 years were more susceptible to measles (14·3%) and mumps (10·9%), compared to other age groups. There were no significant sex- and age-related differences in varicella seroprevalence. The physician occupational group was more susceptible to rubella, but no significant occupational-related difference was observed in the other diseases. Susceptible subjects, with negative or equivocal serological results were given a vaccine which induced seroconversion in most vaccinees. Seroconversion occurred more frequently in the equivocal group than in the negative group. These findings provide a new insight for the seroprevalence survey of vaccine-preventable diseases in Japanese HCWs with special reference to vaccine efficacy.
Impact of 2003 Power Outages on Public Health and Emergency Response
Authors: Kile James C. , Skowronski Stephen , Miller Mark D. , Reissman Stephan G. , Balaban Victor , Klomp Richard W. , Reissman Dori B. , Mainzer Hugh M. , Dannenberg Andrew L. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIntroduction:In 2003, a major power outage occurred in the midwest and northeast United States affecting some 50 million people. The power outages affected multiple systems in state and local municipalities and, in turn, affected public health.Methods:Semi-structured interviews were conducted using open-ended questionnaires, with a convenience sample of state- and locally selected subject matter experts from Ohio, Michigan, and New York. Respondents were interviewed in groups representing one of five areas of interest, including: (1) emergency preparedness; (2) hospital and emergency medical services; (3) municipal environmental systems; (4) public health surveillance and epidemiology; and (5) psychosocial and behavioral issues. The reported positive and negative impacts of the power outage on public health, medical services, and emergency preparedness and response were documented. Responses were categorized into common themes and recommendations were formulated.Results:The amount of time that the respondents' locations were without power ranged from <1 hour to 52 hours. Many common themes emerged from the different locations, including communications failures, alternate power source problems, manpower and training issues, and psychosocial concerns. There was minimal morbidity and mortality reported that could be attributed to the event.Conclusion:Power outages negatively impacted multiple municipal infrastructures, and affected medical services, emergency response, and public health efforts. Previous federal funding positively impacted public health and emergency response capabilities. Recommendations were made based upon the common themes identified by the respondents.Recommendations may assist state and local health departments, medical service providers, and emergency responders in planning for future power outage problems.
Peer Evaluation of the Professional Behaviors of Emergency Medical Technicians
Authors: Brown William E. , Margolis Gregg , Levine Roger 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIntroduction:Professional behavior is one of the cornerstones of effective emergency medical services (EMS) practice and is a required part of the National Standard Curricula for advanced levels of EMS education. However, peer rating of emergency medical technicians with respect to the 11 categories of professional behavior never has been quantified. This study uses a peer evaluation methodology to assess the affective competencies of practicing EMS providers.Methods:A professional behavior evaluation form was included as part of a survey that was sent to 2,443 randomly selected, nationally registered emergency medical technicians (EMTs). Participants were asked to rate the EMT partner with whom they worked most closely in the past year using 11 different categories of professional behavior using a Likert scale.Results:One thousand, five hundred, ten (61.8%) surveys were returned and analyzed. Both nationally registered EMTs at the Basic and Paramedic levels rated their partners with respect to 11 categories of professional behavior. The overall average score was 0.68 on a 0–1 scale, with one being the highest. The rating of each of the categories was: (1) integrity (0.77); (2) appearance/personal hygiene (0.74); (3) patient advocacy (0.73); (4) empathy (0.72); (5) self-confidence (0.70); (6) careful delivery of service (0.70); (7) respect (0.65); (8) communication skills (0.64); (9) time management skills (0.63); (10) teamwork/diplomacy skills (0.62); and (11) self-motivation (0.61). Overall, the NREMT-Paramedics rated their partners significantly lower than did the NREMT-Basics (p= 0.0156) and experienced EMT-Basics rated their partners significantly lower than did the newer EMT-Basics (p= 0.0002). Those EMTs who indicated high satisfaction with their current EMS assignment rated their partner more highly on professional behaviors than did those EMTs who were not as satisfied.Conclusion:Overall, EMTs peer evaluation of professional behavior was “good.” The behaviors most highly rated were integrity and appearance/personal hygiene. The behaviors rated lowest were self-motivation and team work/diplomacy. It appears that paramedics are more critical of their colleagues than are EMT-Basics, that experienced EMT-Basics are harsher critics than are newer EMT-Basics, and that there is a relationship between job satisfaction and peer evaluation.