bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the role of cytochrome P450 enzymes in oleanane triterpenoid biosynthesis in arjuna tree
Authors: Srivastava Gaurav , Vyas Poonam , Kumar Aashish , Singh Anamika , Bhargav Pravesh , Dinday Sandeep , Ghosh Sumit 
Published: July 2024

SUMMARYTriterpenoids (C30‐isoprenoids) represent a major group of natural products with various physiological functions in plants. Triterpenoids and their derivatives have medicinal uses owing to diverse bioactivities. Arjuna (Terminalia arjuna) tree bark accumulates highly oxygenated β‐amyrin‐derived oleanane triterpenoids (e.g., arjunic acid, arjungenin, and arjunolic acid) with cardioprotective roles. However, biosynthetic routes and enzymes remain poorly understood. We mined the arjuna transcriptome and conducted cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) assays using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Nicotiana benthamiana to identify six P450s and two P450 reductases for oxidative modifications of oleanane triterpenoids. P450 assays using oleananes revealed a greater substrate promiscuity of C‐2α and C‐23 hydroxylases/oxidases than C‐28 oxidases. CYP716A233 and CYP716A432 catalyzed β‐amyrin/erythrodiol C‐28 oxidation to produce oleanolic acid. C‐2α hydroxylases (CYP716C88 and CYP716C89) converted oleanolic acid and hederagenin to maslinic acid and arjunolic acid. CYP716C89 also hydroxylated erythrodiol and oleanolic aldehyde. However, CYP714E107a and CYP714E107b catalyzed oleanolic acid/maslinic acid/arjunic acid, C‐23 hydroxylation to form hederagenin, arjunolic acid and arjungenin, and hederagenin C‐23 oxidation to produce gypsogenic acid, but at a lower rate than oleanolic acid C‐23 hydroxylation. Overall, P450 substrate selectivity suggested that C‐28 oxidation is the first P450‐catalyzed oxidative modification in the arjuna triterpenoid pathway. However, the pathway might branch thereafter through C‐2α/C‐23 hydroxylation of oleanolic acid. Taken together, these results provided new insights into substrate range of P450s and unraveled biosynthetic routes of triterpenoids in arjuna. Moreover, complete elucidation and reconstruction of arjunolic acid pathway in S. cerevisiae and N. benthamiana suggested the utility of arjuna P450s in heterologous production of cardioprotective compounds.
MatK impacts differential chloroplast translation by limiting spliced tRNA‐K(UUU) abundance
Authors: Muino Jose M. , Ruwe Hannes , Qu Yujiao , Maschmann Sascha , Chen Wei , Zoschke Reimo , Ohler Uwe , Kaufmann Kerstin , Schmitz‐Linneweber Christian 
Published: July 2024

SUMMARYThe protein levels of chloroplast photosynthetic genes and genes related to the chloroplast genetic apparatus vary to adapt to different conditions. However, the underlying mechanisms governing these variations remain unclear. The chloroplast intron Maturase K is encoded within the trnK intron and has been suggested to be required for splicing several group IIA introns, including the trnK intron. In this study, we used RNA immunoprecipitation followed by high‐throughput sequencing (RIP‐Seq) to identify MatK's preference for binding to group IIA intron domains I and VI within target transcripts. Importantly, these domains are crucial for splice site selection, and we discovered alternative 5′‐splice sites in three MatK target introns. The resulting alternative trnK lariat structure showed increased accumulation during heat acclimation. The cognate codon of tRNA‐K(UUU) is highly enriched in mRNAs encoding ribosomal proteins and a trnK‐matK over‐expressor exhibited elevated levels of the spliced tRNA‐K(UUU). Ribosome profiling analysis of the overexpressor revealed a significant up‐shift in the translation of ribosomal proteins compared to photosynthetic genes. Our findings suggest the existence of a novel regulatory mechanism linked to the abundance of tRNA‐K(UUU), enabling the differential expression of functional chloroplast gene groups.
A fully sequenced collection of homozygous EMS mutants for forward and reverse genetic screens in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Carrère Sébastien , Routaboul Jean‐Marc , Savourat Pauline , Bellenot Caroline , López Hernán , Sahoo Amruta , Quiroz Monnens Thomas , Ricou Anthony , Camilleri Christine , Declerck Nathalie , Laufs Patrick , Mercier Raphaël , Noël Laurent D. 
Published: July 2024

SUMMARYGenetic screens are powerful tools for biological research and are one of the reasons for the success of the thale cress Arabidopsis thaliana as a research model. Here, we describe the whole‐genome sequencing of 871 Arabidopsis lines from the Homozygous EMS Mutant (HEM) collection as a novel resource for forward and reverse genetics. With an average 576 high‐confidence mutations per HEM line, over three independent mutations altering protein sequences are found on average per gene in the collection. Pilot reverse genetics experiments on reproductive, developmental, immune and physiological traits confirmed the efficacy of the tool for identifying both null, knockdown and gain‐of‐function alleles. The possibility of conducting subtle repeated phenotyping and the immediate availability of the mutations will empower forward genetic approaches. The sequence resource is searchable with the ATHEM web interface (https://lipm‐browsers.toulouse.inra.fr/pub/ATHEM/), and the biological material is distributed by the Versailles Arabidopsis Stock Center.
Pidgin English proverbs as a source of structural nativization in Nigerian English
Authors: Callies Marcus , Oyebola Folajimi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we explore the role of Nigerian Pidgin English (NPE) proverbs in language contact settings and their impact on the development of idiomatic phraseology in Nigerian English (NgE). In a set of 100 NPE proverbs, we identified lexical keywords that served as anchors for searches in the large‐scale Nairaland corpus to detect recurrent collocational patterns that in further proximity searches yielded frequent, lexico‐grammatically variable patterns that may be interpreted as innovations at the early stages of idiom formation. The findings suggest that cognitively motivated key lexical items of NPE proverbs may serve as a basis for the formation of variable but also lexico‐grammatically more condensed idiomatic expressions in NgE.
Elucidating the role of contributors enriching spiritual and religious inspirations for the Muslims to perform holy umrah pilgrimage in Saudi Arabia. A prospective study
Authors: BASHIR HAAMID 
Published: July 2024

This prospective study delves into the multifaceted aspects that contribute to the spiritual and religious inspirations motivating Muslims to embark on the sacred journey of Umrah pilgrimage in Saudi Arabia. The research aims to elucidate the key factors and contributors, latest technology, that enhance the spiritual experience of Umrah, examining their influence on the decision-making process of potential pilgrims. The study is based on observational prospective study carried on 400 pilgrims who volunteered for this research during Jan 2017 to December 2023. The investigation explores the impact of various contributors, including religious teachings, social networks, cultural influences, and the role of pilgrimage organizers, on shaping individuals' motivations to undertake the Umrah pilgrimage. Additionally, the study seeks to understand how these contributors intersect and synergize to enrich the overall spiritual experience for the pilgrims. The prospective nature of the research allows for the identification of emerging trends and evolving dynamics in the context of Umrah pilgrimage. Findings from this study provide valuable insights for religious scholars, policymakers, and organizers involved in facilitating the Umrah pilgrimage experience. By gaining a deeper understanding of the contributing factors, the research findings contribute to the development of strategies that can further enhance the spiritual and religious dimensions of the Umrah pilgrimage, fostering a more meaningful and enriching journey for Muslims undertaking this sacred obligation. Further improvement is needed in some sectors as per Saudi vision of 2030 to accommodate 30 millions of pilgrims especially slashing of E-Visa fee and accomodation charges of hotels.
APPLICATION OF MACHINE LEARNING TO PREDICTION OF TURBINE ROTOR VIBRATION IN STEAM POWER PLANT
Authors: Ajewole Titus O. , Ojuola Bosede    Mayowa , Olawuyi Abdulsemiu A. , Momoh Omonowo D. , Olukayode Olakunle 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Presented in this study is a predictive approach to the maintenance of turbine rotors in thermal power plants. Using a supervised machine learning technique, a model that could predict future vibrations was developed on the simulation platform MATLAB. Historical data on the vibration symptoms of the turbine-generator couple in a generating unit of a steam power plant was employed in the model to predict the future technical condition of the plant component after the model had already been trained with a portion of the turbine-generator section's operational data. Distribution of the test values of the data about the lines of regression was obtained by quantitative analysis; likewise, the model's ability to correctly predict items that were not used in the training process was also measured. Performance evaluation of the model shows mean square error and mean absolute error of 0.000013691 and 0.0025, respectively, at training, with 0.0011 and 0.0037, respectively, at prediction. Future maintenance needs of the turbine rotor can thus be determined by comparing predictions with the vibration safety threshold of the rotor. Operators of modern power plants can leverage the approach of this study to model and plan maintenance schemes that best suit individual unitofpowerplants, rather than premising maintenance of plant components on the rule-of-thumb.
Keywords: turbine rotor, machine learning, power plant, predictive maintenance, electricity generation
Enzymatic Digestion of the Intervertebral Disc Alters Intradiscal Injection and Leakage Mechanics
Authors: Appel Zachary , Michalek Arthur J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntradiscal injection is required to deliver therapeutic agents to the intervertebral disc (IVD) nucleus pulposus (NP). However, injectate leakage following needle retraction may result in decreased treatment efficacy and adverse side effects. While enzymatic digestion is a common research approach for simulating degeneration in healthy animal IVDs, contributions to the leakage phenomenon are unknown. In this study, bovine caudal discs were treated with injection into the NP of either a tris buffer control, collagenase (to primarily target collagen), or trypsin (to primarily target proteoglycans) and then injected with fluorescent saline using a through-puncture defect protocol. Pressure–volume records during injection were used to determine volume and pressure at leakage. Discs were then frozen, transected, and photographed to visualize injectate dispersion. Collagenase treatment resulted in a large increase in injectate dispersion, along with a decrease in injection pressure relative to control. Trypsin treatment resulted in a moderate increase in dispersion, with no associated effect on pressure. This study concludes that care should be taken when employing enzymatic digestion to simulate IVD degeneration, as NP tissue disruption may affect both retention and dispersion of subsequent therapeutic injections.
On the Performance of Variable-Geometry Ducted E-Fans
Authors: Kavvalos Mavroudis D. , Schnell Rainer , Mennicken Maximilian , Trost Marco , Kyprianidis Konstantinos G. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Electrically driven ducted fans (e-fans), either underwing-mounted or located at the aft-fuselage, can potentially improve the system overall efficiency in hybrid-electric propulsion architectures by increasing their thrust share over the thrust generated by the main engines. However, the low design pressure ratio of such e-fans make them prone to operability issues at off-design conditions, i.e., takeoff, where nozzle pressure ratio is close or below the critical value. This paper investigates the operational limitations of such e-fans, proving the necessity of variable geometry. A component zooming approach is deployed by integrating a streamline curvature method within an aero-engine performance tool to investigate the e-fan installed performance and operability. The concepts of variable pitch fan (VPF) and variable area nozzle (VAN) are systematically explored to quantify any performance benefits, while the unavoidable added-weight challenges due to variable geometry are taken into account. Although e-fans with low design pressure ratio (PR) are more susceptible to operability issues compared to higher PR e-fans, the former show improved overall efficiency levels, mainly dominated by propulsive efficiency. It is found that variable geometry not only tackles operability but it can improve the off-design overall efficiency of e-fans even more. VPF mostly affects the component efficiency by reshaping the e-fan performance maps, while VAN has a greater impact on propulsive efficiency by moving the operating points.
Thermal Management and Entropy Minimization of Plain and Modified Shaped Plate Fin Heat Sinks Using Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Kuru Muhammet Nasıf , Ünal Şaban , Efe Metin , Duman Necdet , Karasu İlyas , Erdinç Mehmet Tahir , Aydin Orhan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this study, an optimization methodology is followed in order to explore better form of heat sinks which improve thermal performances. Optimum designs of plate fin heat sinks (PFHSs) and modified shaped plate fin heat sinks (MS-PFHSs) are numerically investigated. The objective functions are minimizations of base plate temperature, entropy generation and mass. For both PFHSs and MS-PFHSs, optimization variables include inlet velocity (Vin), fin height (Hfin), and number of fins (NL). Plate fin form is adjusted for MS-PFHSs by adding two optimization variables: the rib height (Hrib) and the number of patterns in the flow direction (Wp). For the multi-objective optimization problems, the maximum base plate temperature limit (Tbase&lt;70 °C) is used. The multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) is used to solve optimization problems, and three-dimensional parametric models for numerical optimization work are examined using the finite volume approach. The flow is steady, incompressible, and turbulent, and heat transfer in the heat sink is represented by conjugate heat transfer (CHT). It is shown that MS-PFHSs outperform in terms of the analyzed objective functions. For the optimum designs, Tbase values of MS-PFHS and PFHS are 60.23  °C and 65.25  °C, respectively, while the mass values are same. The results also indicate that Tbase obtained in the optimum design of MS-PFHS is 7.69% lower than that obtained in the optimum design of PFHS.
New lineages of RNA viruses from clinical isolates of
Rhizopus microsporus
revealed by fragmented and primer-ligated dsRNA sequencing (FLDS) analysis
Authors: Sa'diyah Wasiatus , Zhao Yan-Jie , Chiba Yuto , Kondo Hideki , Suzuki Nobuhiro , Ban Sayaka , Yaguchi Takashi , Urayama Syun-ichi , Hagiwara Daisuke 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Rhizopus microsporus
is a species in the order Mucorales that is known to cause mucormycosis, but it is poorly understood as a host of viruses. Here, we examined 25 clinical strains of
R. microsporus
for viral infection with a conventional double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) assay using agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) and the recently established fragmented and primer-ligated dsRNA sequencing (FLDS) protocol. By AGE, five virus-infected strains were detected. Then, full-length genomic sequences of 12 novel RNA viruses were revealed by FLDS, which were related to the families
Mitoviridae, Narnaviridae,
and
Endornaviridae,
ill-defined groups of single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses with similarity to the established families
Virgaviridae
and
Phasmaviridae,
and the proposed family “Ambiguiviridae.” All the characterized viruses, except a potential phasmavirid with a negative-sense RNA genome, had positive-sense RNA genomes. One virus belonged to a previously established species within the family
Mitoviridae
, whereas the other 11 viruses represented new species or even new genera. These results show that the fungal pathogen
R. microsporus
harbors diverse RNA viruses and extend our understanding of the diversity of RNA viruses in the fungal order Mucorales, division Mucoromycota. Identifying RNA viruses from clinical isolates of
R. microsporus
may expand the repertoire of natural therapeutic agents for mucormycosis in the future.

IMPORTANCE

The diversity of mycoviruses in fungal hosts in the division Mucoromycota has been underestimated, mainly within the species
Rhizopus microsporus
. Only five positive-sense RNA genomes had previously been discovered in this species. Because current sequencing methods poorly complete the termini of genomes, we used fragmented and primer-ligated double-stranded RNA sequencing to acquire the full-length genomes. Eleven novel mycoviruses were detected in this study, including the first negative-sense RNA genome reported in
R. microsporus
. Our findings extend the understanding of the viral diversity in clinical strains of Mucoromycota, may provide insights into the pathogenesis and ecology of this fungus, and may offer therapeutic options.
Communicating exploratory unsupervised machine learning analysis in age clustering for paediatric disease
Authors: Spear Joshua William , Pissaridou Eleni , Bowyer Stuart , Bryant William A , Key Daniel , Booth John , Spiridou Anastasia , Denaxas Spiros , Pope Rebecca , Taylor Andrew M , Hemingway Harry , Sebire Neil J 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundDespite the increasing availability of electronic healthcare record (EHR) data and wide availability of plug-and-play machine learning (ML) Application Programming Interfaces, the adoption of data-driven decision-making within routine hospital workflows thus far, has remained limited. Through the lens of deriving clusters of diagnoses by age, this study investigated the type of ML analysis that can be performed using EHR data and how results could be communicated to lay stakeholders.MethodsObservational EHR data from a tertiary paediatric hospital, containing 61 522 unique patients and 3315 unique ICD-10 diagnosis codes was used, after preprocessing. K-means clustering was applied to identify age distributions of patient diagnoses. The final model was selected using quantitative metrics and expert assessment of the clinical validity of the clusters. Additionally, uncertainty over preprocessing decisions was analysed.FindingsFour age clusters of diseases were identified, broadly aligning to ages between: 0 and 1; 1 and 5; 5 and 13; 13 and 18. Diagnoses, within the clusters, aligned to existing knowledge regarding the propensity of presentation at different ages, and sequential clusters presented known disease progressions. The results validated similar methodologies within the literature. The impact of uncertainty induced by preprocessing decisions was large at the individual diagnoses but not at a population level. Strategies for mitigating, or communicating, this uncertainty were successfully demonstrated.ConclusionUnsupervised ML applied to EHR data identifies clinically relevant age distributions of diagnoses which can augment existing decision making. However, biases within healthcare datasets dramatically impact results if not appropriately mitigated or communicated.
Prevalence and factors associated with depression and anxiety among patients recovered from COVID-19: a cross-sectional study in a tertiary care hospital in Nepal
Authors: Rai Prasanna , Karmacharya Biraj Man , Gautam Kamal , Dhital Shalik Ram , Shrestha Shrinkhala , Paneru Bandana , Chaudhary Kalpana , Shrestha Akina 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionCOVID-19 has immensely affected the mental health of all people with prominent effects among the COVID-19 survivors who underwent hospitalisation. The evidence of the long-term mental health implications among the recovered COVID-19 patients remains unknown in Nepal. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression and anxiety and the associated factors among COVID-19 recovered patients.MethodsAn analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from May to August 2021 among 269 COVID-19 recovered patients admitted to Dhulikhel Hospital during the first wave (July 2020 to January 2021), and second wave (April 2021 to July 2021) of the COVID-19 pandemic. Anxiety and depression of the participants were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the factors associated with anxiety and depression.ResultsThe prevalence of anxiety and depression were 38.66% (95% CI 32.99 to 44.65), and 30.48% (95% CI 25.24 to 36.28), respectively. Participants who received COVID-19 related information from the radio reported higher levels of anxiety and depression symptoms. Similarly, stigma, and being a health worker were significantly associated with a higher level of anxiety and depression symptoms, respectively. However, social support and long recovery duration were protective factors against anxiety and depression symptoms. Participants receiving a higher level of social support and having a recovery duration of 3–6 months, 7 months and more reported lower odds of anxiety and depression symptoms, respectively.ConclusionsThe greater prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms among recovered COVID-19 patients highlights the need to design and implement appropriate mental health interventions. This could be done through psychosocial support and counselling services in health facilities, mental health service in emergency situation and post-discharge rehabilitation programmes.
Signs and symptoms of serious illness in infants aged up to 6 months: rapid review of clinical guidelines
Authors: Maramba Inocencio Daniel Cortes , Lim Emma , Menzies Julie Christine , Nijman Ruud , Zhou ShangMing , Latour Jos M 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundThere is a need to empower parents and carers of young infants to recognise signs of serious illness and to act on these appropriately. Compiling the signs and symptoms of serious illness in infants found in clinical guidelines will support the evidence-based update of the 30+-year-old content of the Baby Check App to empower parents and carers.ObjectiveTo systematically review clinical guidelines for signs and symptoms related to serious illness in infants aged 6 months and below.MethodsA rapid review was carried out by searching PubMed, CINAHL, NICE, Cochrane and Embase for clinical guidelines reporting signs and symptoms of serious illness in young infants. The time period was restricted from 2018 to 2023. Only guidelines published in English were included.ResultsFourteen clinical guidelines from 2307 retrieved articles were reviewed. Sixty signs and symptoms indicative of serious illness in infants were identified from the clinical guidelines. The guidelines originated from the UK (n=9, 65%), Italy (n=1, 7%), South Africa (n=1, 7%), Switzerland (n=1, 7%), USA (n=1, 7%), UK and USA (n=1, 7%). The 10 most frequent signs and symptoms were decreased consciousness, tachypnoea, looks seriously unwell to a health professional, high fever, central cyanosis, apnoea, seizures, frequent vomiting, non-blanching rash and noisy breathing.ConclusionsKnowledge of the most frequently occurring signs and symptoms that were found in the reviewed guidelines will contribute to the update of the content of the Baby Check App. This will ensure that guidance for parents and carers is consistent with the current evidence base.