bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein‐1 (MCP‐1)‐2518A>G Polymorphism with Susceptibility to Coronary Artery Disease: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Bai Xiao‐Yan , Li Shujing , Wang Miao , Qu Xinjian , Hu Gaolei , Xu Zhaowei , Chen Min , He Guo‐Wei , Wu Huijian 
Published: February 2015

SummaryWe attempted to systematically elucidate the association between monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) ‐2518A>G polymorphism and risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Eligible studies were identified through PubMed, EBSCO, and Web of Science Databases. The magnitude of MCP‐1 polymorphism effect and its possible mode of action on CAD were estimated. The odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled in a specific genetic model to assess the association. A total of 21 studies were involved. There was significant gene effect on CAD risk in the overall population (likelihood ratio test: p < 0.0001). Patients with GG and AG genotypes had 1.435 (95% CI: 1.183–1.740) and 1.087 (95% CI: 1.008–1.172) times higher risk of CAD than those with AA genotype. These gene effects suggested a recessive model to be appropriate. The pooled OR was 1.362 (95% CI: 1.137–1.631; puncorrected = 0.001, pFDR = 0.005) in the recessive model. In the ethnicity‐stratified analysis, significant association was observed in the Caucasian population (OR = 1.492; 95% CI: 1.106–2.014; puncorrected = 0.009, pFDR = 0.015), whereas no statistical significant association was detected in the Asian population (adjusted p = 0.124). The results suggested that MCP‐1 ‐2518A>G polymorphism may be associated with susceptibility to CAD, especially in Caucasians.
Theophylline Pharmacokinetics in Foetal Sheep: Maternal Metabolic Capacity is the Principal Driver
Authors: DuBois Barent , Louey Samantha , Giraud George D. , Cherala Ganesh , Jonker Sonnet S. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractUnderstanding theophylline pharmacokinetics (PK) in the foetus is essential to prevent in utero toxicity and optimize prophylactic therapies. Previous studies in pregnancy have been obfuscated by maternal dosing and inadequate sampling in the foetus; both render modelling of foetal PK difficult. Six ewes carrying singleton foetuses received theophylline (60 mg) into the foetal jugular vein. Blood samples were drawn from the foetus and ewe over 36 hr. Serum concentrations were measured. Maternal and foetal pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated. Foetal non‐compartmental pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows: half‐life 7.37 ± 1.22 hr; volume of distribution 44.62 ± 11.45 L; area under the curve 14.82 ± 2.71 hr/(μg/mL); and clearance 4.15 ± 0.70 L/hr. Rapid theophylline distribution across the placenta was observed. Maternal non‐compartmental pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows: half‐life 6.54 ± 2.44 hr; volume of distribution 32.48 ± 9.99 L; area under the curve 16.28 ± 4.53 hr/(μg/mL); and clearance 3.69 ± 1.47 L/hr. Foetal and ewe serum concentration–time profiles were fit together into a 3‐compartment population pharmacokinetic model, and parameters were as follows: central volume 1.38 ± 0.11 L; 2nd peripheral compartment volume 3.11 ± 0.29 L; 3rd peripheral compartment volume 60.14 ± 6.02 L; elimination clearance 9.89 ± 0.90 L/hr; distribution clearance between central and 2nd compartment 30.87 ± 2.31 L/hr; and distribution clearance between 2nd and 3rd compartments 13.89 ± 1.11 L/hr. Cytochrome P4501A expression was robust in maternal liver; negligible activities were observed in placenta, foetal liver and foetal kidney. In vitro protein binding of theophylline was 30% lower in foetal serum compared to maternal serum (29.7 ± 4.4 versus 42.0 ± 3.6%‐bound). Free concentrations were lower in the foetus than in the ewe, suggesting active transport across placenta. In summary, foetal clearance of theophylline is attributable to rapid distribution into the maternal circulation across the placenta followed by greater maternal protein binding and metabolic activity.
One of few or one of many: Social identification and psychological well‐being among minority youth
Authors: Bratt Christopher 
Published: February 2015

Feeling belongingness with small social groups such as the family or a group of friends predicts psychological well‐being. Acculturation research has argued for similar effects of belongingness with large social groups. In particular, a strong ethnic identity is assumed to improve psychological well‐being among members of minority groups, but this conclusion has been drawn based on cross‐sectional data. This study uses three‐wave longitudinal data collected among adolescents from ethnic minority groups (N = 705), comparing identification with small groups (the family and the school class) with identification with large groups (the ethnic in‐group and the nation) as predictors of psychological well‐being (self‐esteem, mental health problems, and life satisfaction). Analyses suggest that identification with small groups, in particular with the family, can predict developments in psychological well‐being (self‐esteem and mental health). In contrast, the data gave no support for causal effects from ethnic identity or national identity, in spite of substantial bivariate correlations with all three dimensions in psychological well‐being. The findings have implications for acculturation research. In particular, research on ethnic or national identity as predictors of psychological well‐being will benefit from adding small‐group identities as covariates and using longitudinal data.
Defining early mycosis fungoides: validation of a diagnostic algorithm proposed by the International Society for Cutaneous Lymphomas
Authors: Vandergriff Travis , Nezafati Kaveh A. , Susa Joseph , Karai Laszlo , Sanguinetti Amy , Hynan Linda S. , Ambruzs Josephine M. , Oliver Dwight H. , Pandya Amit G. 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundMycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common subtype of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma and is often difficult to diagnose. Early‐stage disease is particularly challenging and requires clinical and histopathologic correlation to make an accurate diagnosis. In order to facilitate the diagnosis of early MF, an algorithm has been proposed by the International Society for Cutaneous Lymphomas (ISCL) whereby clinical and histopathologic characteristics as well as immunohistochemistry and T‐cell receptor gene rearrangement studies may be applied to suspected cases of MF. The diagnostic utility of this algorithm has not yet been validated. We sought to determine the validity of the proposed algorithm via an investigator‐blinded, retrospective, case‐control study.MethodsA total of 34 cases were randomly selected from the database of a clinic for cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas and included patients with MF and patients with clinicopathologic mimics. The proposed diagnostic algorithm was systematically applied to the entire cohort. Each case was assigned a composite score based on the parameters in the proposed algorithm.ResultsAmong the 24 cases of MF, 21 cases achieved four or more points through application of the algorithm. Among the 10 cases of MF mimics, only four achieved four or more points. This difference was significant (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.009). The sensitivity of the 4‐point threshold for a diagnosis of MF was 87.5% and the specificity was 60%.ConclusionsThe diagnostic algorithm proposed by the ISCL is a statistically valid method for defining cases of early MF and distinguishing these cases from other benign dermatoses. However, the clinical utility of the algorithm may be limited by its low specificity. Further refinement of the algorithm may improve its accuracy.
Histologische Merkmale granulomatöser Hauterkrankungen: Teil 1: nichtinfektiöse granulomatöse Erkrankungen
Authors: Tronnier Michael , Mitteldorf Christina 
Published: February 2015

ZusammenfassungGranulomatöse Hauterkrankungen gehören zu einer heterogenen Gruppe, bei denen mit Ausnahme der infektiös induzierten Granulome und der Fremdkörpergranulome über die Ätiopathogenese wenig bekannt ist. Die Kenntnis der histomorphologischen Veränderungen ist für das Verständnis des klinischen Bildes und des Krankheitsverlaufes von grofler Bedeutung.
Mindfulness‐Based Psychoeducation for Parents of Children With Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: An Applied Clinical Project
Authors: Anderson Sarah B. , Guthery Ann M. 
Published: February 2015

TopicAttention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects more than 5 million American children; the likelihood of their parents experiencing stress is high, which may lead to negative outcomes. Mindful parenting is a parent training modality that teaches compassion, listening, and creative engagement with one's child, and has been shown to be effective in decreasing levels of parental stress.PurposeAn 8‐week evidence‐based applied clinical project (N = 7) was designed to answer the question: In parents of children with the diagnosis of ADHD, or exhibiting ADHD traits, what is the effect of providing mindful parenting psychoeducation in addition to standard of care treatment on levels of parental stress post intervention?Sources UsedAn exhaustive literature search was performed using the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, the Cochrane Library, Psyc‐INFO, and PubMed.ConclusionsOutcomes were measured using the Parenting Stress Index, Fourth Edition Short Form (PSI‐4‐SF). Scores on the Total Stress scale decreased significantly after 8 weeks (p = .018); a significant decrease also occurred across two of the three PSI‐4‐SF subscales (Parental Distress and Parent‐Child Dysfunctional Interaction). Recommendations for practice change, suggestions for future clinical inquiry, and project limitations are discussed.
Preschool irritability predicts child psychopathology, functional impairment, and service use at age nine
Authors: Dougherty Lea R. , Smith Victoria C. , Bufferd Sara J. , Kessel Ellen , Carlson Gabrielle A. , Klein Daniel N. 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundLittle is known about the predictive validity and clinical significance of chronic irritability during early childhood. This prospective, longitudinal study examined associations of preschool chronic irritability with psychiatric disorders, functional impairment, and service use at age nine in a large community sample.MethodsFour hundred and forty‐six children were assessed at age three and again at age nine. Child psychopathology and functional impairment were assessed at age three with the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment (PAPA) with parents and at age nine with the Kiddie‐Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K‐SADS) with parents and children. Items from the PAPA were used to create a dimensional measure of chronic irritability at age three. At age nine, mothers, fathers, and youth completed the Child Depression Inventory (CDI) and the Screen for Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED).ResultsChronic irritability at age three predicted any current and lifetime anxiety disorders at age nine, current and lifetime generalized anxiety disorder, and current separation anxiety, after controlling for baseline anxiety disorders. In addition, preschool irritability predicted increases in anxiety and disruptive behavior disorder symptoms on the K‐SADS, and maternal and paternal reports of depressive and anxiety symptoms on the CDI and SCARED. Lastly, preschool irritability predicted greater functional impairment and outpatient treatment use, even after controlling for all psychiatric disorders at baseline.ConclusionsFindings underscore the central role of irritability in developmental psychopathology and support the importance of early detection and interventions targeting preschool irritability.
On the potential strength and consequences for nonrandom gene flow caused by local adaptation in flowering time
Authors: Weis A. E. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractGene flow is generally considered a random process, that is the loci under consideration have no effect on dispersal success. Edelaar and Bolnick (Trends Ecol Evol, 27, 2012 659) recently argued that nonrandom gene flow could exert a significant evolutionary force. It can, for instance, ameliorate the maladaptive effects of immigration into locally adapted populations. I examined the potential strength for nonrandom gene flow for flowering time genes, a trait frequently found to be locally adapted. The idea is that plants that successfully export pollen into a locally adapted resident population will be a genetically biased subset of their natal population – they will have resident‐like flowering times. Reciprocally, recipients will be more migrant‐like than the resident population average. I quantified the potential for biased pollen exchange among three populations along a flowering time cline in Brassica rapa from southern California. A two‐generation line cross experiment demonstrated genetic variance in flowering time, both within and among populations. Calculations based on the variation in individual flowering schedules showed that resident plants with the most migrant‐like flowering times could expect to have up to 10 times more of the their flowers pollinated by immigrant pollen than the least migrant‐like. Further, the mean flowering time of the pollen exporters that have access to resident mates differs by up to 4 weeks from the mean in the exporters’ natal population. The data from these three populations suggest that the bias in gene flow for flowering time cuts the impact on the resident population by as much as half. This implies that when selection is divergent between populations, migrants with the highest mating success tend to be resident‐like in their flowering times, and so, fewer maladaptive alleles will be introduced into the locally adapting gene pool.
Police and Military as Good Strangers
Authors: Klein Gary , Klein Helen Altman , Lande Brian , Borders Joseph , Whitacre James C. 
Published: February 2015

The objective of this project was to understand why and how some police officers and military personnel are more effective than others at managing civilian encounters without creating hostility – ‘Good Strangers’ (GSs). We conducted cognitive task analysis (CTA) interviews with 17 US police officers and 24 US warfighters (Marines and Army soldiers). The interviews yielded a total of 38 incidents (17 police and 21 military), which we used to identify critical skills for functioning as GSs. These skills centred on having a sensemaking frame that established a professional identity as a GS – Someone who seeks opportunities to increase civilian trust in police/military. This frame requires skills in gaining voluntary compliance, building rapport, trading off security and other frames versus trust building, and taking the perspective of civilians.Practitioner points

To work effectively with civilians, police and military personnel need to use a Good Stranger frame, which casts each encounter as an opportunity to build trust.

This GS frame requires skills such as trading off security to be seen as trustworthy, perspective taking, gaining rapport, gaining voluntary compliance rather than coercive compliance, and de‐escalating tense situations.

The GS frame may be surprisingly easy to acquire for some police and military; observation of role models and their effectiveness seems to be a powerful training opportunity. Other training leverage points involve peer pressure, becoming more effective at gaining civilian cooperation, and recognizing the problems created by failing to build trust.
Elevated Lin28B expression is correlated with lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Lin Wei‐Tung , Shieh Tzong‐Ming , Yang Li‐Chiu , Wang Tung‐Yuan , Chou Ming‐Yung , Yu Cheng‐Chia 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundLymph node (LN) metastasis is the most common cause of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)‐related death. Searching the detailed molecular mechanisms involved LN metastasis in OSCC is still an open question.MethodsPaired tissue samples from tumor (T) and adjacent non‐cancerous matched tissues (NCMT) parts, as well as LN metastatic lesions in patient with OSCC tissues were subjected to quantitative real‐time PCR analysis for the expression levels of Lin28B. Arecoline, a major areca nut alkaloid, was to explore whether expression of Lin28B could be changed dose dependent in oral epithelial cells. Control and Lin28B‐knockdown arecoline‐stimulated oral epithelial cells were subjected to migration/invasion/anchorage‐independent growth assay.ResultsCompared with NCMT samples from the same OSCC patient, the expression of Lin28B was increased in all of the tumor samples. A similar upregulation of Lin28B was also observed in LN metastatic when compared with local tumors. Arecoline treatment dose dependently induced Lin28B expression in SG and FaDu cells. Lentiviral‐mediated silencing Lin28B expression significantly attenuated arecoline‐induced oncogenicity including proliferation, migration, invasiveness, and anchorage‐independent growth in SG and FaDu cells.ConclusionsLin28B may be a useful biomarker and novel molecular target for LN metastasis OSCC patients' treatment.
Integrating oral health into pediatric nursing practice: Caring for kids where they live
Authors: Spurr Shelley , Bally Jill , Ogenchuk Marcella 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPurposeThe purpose was to identify the factors influencing pediatric oral health and describe the Caring for Kids Where They Live program.ConclusionsIn North America, the burden of pediatric oral disease is significant. Despite evidence to this effect, oral health is an often‐neglected aspect of pediatric nursing care. The Caring for Kids Where They Live program has successfully integrated oral health into pediatric nursing care as evidenced by increased accessibility of health care, pathways for care, and disease prevention.Practice ImplicationsPediatric nurses can address oral health disparities by integrating an oral health assessment tool as well as interprofessional follow‐up and referral processes in practice.
Trigeminal nerve paraesthesia from inferior alveolar nerve blocks: incidence and course
Authors: van der Sleen J.M. , Jaspers G.W. , de Lange J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAimThe aims of the present study were to assess the incidence of injection‐related injuries to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) and lingual nerve (LN) and identify the clinical course of injection‐related paraesthesia.Material and methodsOne thousand patients were included in this study. All patients received an alveolar nerve block. The patients were instructed orally and written to report any numb feelings in the IAN and LN area 24 h after administration of the local anaesthetic. Patients that responded were seen the next day for assessment.Results and conclusionsIn our group of 1000 mandibular blocks, there is no long‐term injury caused by applying the local anaesthetics. When there is no manipulation of the mandibular nerve during the procedure, there are no long‐term side effects of the mandibular block, and the paraesthesia is only temporary. The cause of the paraesthesia, however, remains unclear, and there is no prevention or treatment.
Novel Oral Anticoagulants for DC Cardioversion Procedures: Utilization and Clinical Outcomes Compared with Warfarin
Authors: COLEMAN COREY M. , KHALAF SHADEN , MOULD STEVEN , WAZNI OUSSAMA , KANJ MOHAMED , SALIBA WALID , CANTILLON DANIEL 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundNovel oral anticoagulant (NOAC) agents dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban are increasingly utilized as thromboembolic prevention for patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing direct current cardioversion (DCCV) with post hoc analyses of clinical trials suggesting satisfactory safety and efficacy. This study characterizes utilization, effectiveness, and complications of NOAC agents for stroke prophylaxis in the setting of DCCV.MethodsComparison of warfarin and NOAC agents as periprocedural anticoagulation for DCCV procedures performed at Cleveland Clinic from January 2009 through December 2013. Variables of interest include utilization rates for each NOAC agent stratified by clinical parameters including CHADS2 score, and associated clinical outcomes including cerebrovascular accident (CVA), transient ischemic attack (TIA), peripheral arterial embolism (PAE), and bleeding events during 8 weeks of postprocedure follow‐up.ResultsAmong 5,320 DCCV procedures, 673 (12.6%) cases were excluded due to inadequate follow‐up. Warfarin was utilized in 3,721 (80.1%), dabigatran in 719 (15.5%), rivaroxaban in 159 (3.4%), and apixaban in 48 (1.0%) with a steady increase in NOAC utilization from 2011 to 2013. There were low rates of CVA/TIA (warfarin: 0.97% vs NOAC 1.62%, P = 0.162) and bleeding (warfarin: 1.02% vs NOAC: 0.5%, P = 0.247) and no significant differences detected between agents. Higher CHADS2/CHA2DS2‐VASC scores were associated with thromboembolic and bleeding risk. Increasing age, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, coronary disease, and deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism were associated with increased bleeding risk.ConclusionIn a high‐volume, single‐center experience, NOAC utilization has grown to account for over a third of cardioversion procedures, and these agents appear safe and effective compared to warfarin with low rates of thromboembolic and bleeding complications.
Photosensitizing Activity of Endogenous Eye Lens Chromophores: An Attempt to Unravel Their Contributions to Photo‐Aging and Cataract Disease
Authors: Avila Felipe , Friguet Bertrand , Silva Eduardo 
Published: February 2015

AbstractUVA‐visible light has been proposed as a risk factor in the photo‐aging of the human eye lens, as well as in the etiology of cataract disease. There is accumulating evidence indicating that photosensitizing reactions mediated by endogenous chromophores, which are generated during human eye lens aging, can play an important role in the generation of these processes. These reactions can lead to protein impairment by inducing non‐enzymatic post‐translational modifications such as protein oxidation and crosslinking. Although numerous chromophores have been characterized as both bound to human eye lens proteins and as unbound low‐molecular‐mass compounds, their contribution to eye lens photoaging and cataract disease is not completely understood. In this article we discuss the photochemical contribution of UV‐filters derived from tryptophan catabolism and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) to human eye lens aging and cataract disease. We also discuss the recently described photosensitizing capacity of chromophores derived from newly discovered glucose and ascorbate degradation as a parallel pathway to their role in AGEs generation.