bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energetics of Eddy–Mean Flow Interactions in the Gulf Stream Region
Authors: Kang Dujuan , Curchitser Enrique N. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA detailed energetics analysis of the Gulf Stream (GS) and associated eddies is performed using a high-resolution multidecadal regional ocean model simulation. The energy equations for the time-mean and time-varying flows are derived as a theoretical framework for the analysis. The eddy–mean flow energy components and their conversions show complex spatial distributions. In the along-coast region, the cross-stream and cross-bump variations are seen in the eddy–mean flow energy conversions, whereas in the off-coast region, a mixed positive–negative conversion pattern is observed. The local variations of the eddy–mean flow interaction are influenced by the varying bottom topography. When considering the domain-averaged energetics, the eddy–mean flow interaction shows significant along-stream variability. Upstream of Cape Hatteras, the energy is mainly transferred from the mean flow to the eddy field through barotropic and baroclinic instabilities. Upon separating from the coast, the GS becomes highly unstable and both energy conversions intensify. When the GS flows into the off-coast region, an inverse conversion from the eddy field to the mean flow dominates the power transfer. For the entire GS region, the mean current is intrinsically unstable and transfers 28.26 GW of kinetic energy and 26.80 GW of available potential energy to the eddy field. The mesoscale eddy kinetic energy is generated by mixed barotropic and baroclinic instabilities, contributing 28.26 and 9.15 GW, respectively. Beyond directly supplying the barotropic pathway, mean kinetic energy also provides 11.55 GW of power to mean available potential energy and subsequently facilitates the baroclinic instability pathway.
Stochastic Modeling of Coherent Wave Fields over Variable Depth
Authors: Smit P. B. , Janssen T. T. , Herbers T. H. C. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractRefractive focusing of swell waves can result in fast-scale variations in the wave statistics because of wave interference, which cannot be resolved by stochastic wave models based on the radiative transport equation. Quasi-coherent statistical theory does account for such statistical interferences and the associated wave inhomogeneities, but the theory has thus far been presented in a form that appears incompatible with models based on the radiative transfer equation (RTE). Moreover, the quasi-coherent theory has never been tested against field data, and it is not clear how the coherent information inherent to such models can be used for better understanding coastal wave and circulation dynamics. This study therefore revisits the derivation of quasi-coherent theory to formulate it into a radiative transport equation with a forcing term that accounts for the inhomogeneous part of the wave field. This paper shows how the model can be nested within (or otherwise used in conjunction with) quasi-homogeneous wave models based on the RTE. Through comparison to laboratory data, numerical simulations of a deterministic model, and field observations of waves propagating over a nearshore canyon head, the predictive capability of the model is validated. The authors discuss the interference patterns predicted by the model through evaluation of a complex cross-correlation function and highlight the differences with quasi-homogeneous predictions. These results show that quasi-coherent theory can extend models based on the RTE to resolve coherent interference patterns and standing wave features in coastal areas, which are believed to be important in nearshore circulation and sediment transport.
Introducing an Approach for Extracting Temperature from Aircraft GNSS and Pressure Altitude Reports in ADS-B Messages
Authors: Stone Edmund Keith , Kitchen Malcolm 
Published: February 2015

AbstractRecently work has been conducted in using routine air traffic management (ATM) data from aircraft to derive meteorological observations (de Haan; de Haan and Stoffelen). The paper at hand introduces and provides an initial analysis for a method of finding layer temperatures from aircraft broadcast messages. The method is analyzed using error analysis and is shown capable of producing mean layer temperatures with below ±1-K error with a layer thickness of 2000 m. Observed aircraft data have been compared to the expected errors from the analysis and have shown to be consistent to within 0.01 K. An initial comparison using four Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR) flights is also provided. The new layer temperature, existing Mode-S enhanced surveillance (EHS)-derived temperature, and an average Mode-S EHS-derived temperature are all compared to the AMDAR temperatures. The averaged Mode-S EHS-derived layer temperature is shown to have the lowest spread (mean standard deviation K), followed by the layer temperature introduced by this paper (mean standard deviation K), and then the unaveraged Mode-S EHS-derived temperature (mean standard deviation K). The layer temperature method has the advantage that no requested data are required from the aircraft, as all of the required parameters are part of the routine broadcast messages, making the method ideal in areas with a limited air traffic management infrastructure where the existing methods would not work.
Réappropriation de l’espace résidentiel des familles où vit une personne lésée médullaire
Authors: Jutras Sylvie , Coulombe Simon , Labbé Delphine , Jutras Dominique 
Published: February 2015

Background. To date, we do not know how home adaptations transform the residential experience of people with disabilities and their families. Purpose. This study aimed to describe the residential reappropriation process of people with spinal cord injury and their families. Method. Interviews with 31 people with spinal cord injuries and 31 family members focused on the adaptations, satisfaction with the adaptations, territorial behaviour at home, and family functioning. Findings. Adaptations aimed to sustain the disabled person’s autonomy and mobility. Participants were satisfied with the physical adaptations, particularly in regard to convenience and feeling safe. Territorial behaviour supported the need for control and freedom. A more successful reappropriation process was associated with more effective family functioning. Implications. Territorial behaviours and effective family functioning should be considered by occupational therapists working with families.
The association between candidate migraine susceptibility loci and severe migraine phenotype in a clinical sample
Authors: Esserlind Ann-Louise , Christensen Anne Francke , Steinberg Stacy , Grarup Niels , Pedersen Oluf , Hansen Torben , Werge Thomas , Hansen Thomas Folkmann , Husemoen Lise Lotte N , Linneberg Allan , Budtz-Jorgensen Esben , Westergaard Maria Lurenda , Stefansson Hreinn , Olesen Jes 
Published: February 2015

Introduction The objective of the study was to follow up and to test whether 12 previously identified migraine-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms were associated as risk factors and/or modifying factors for severe migraine traits in a Danish clinic-based population. Methods Semi-structured migraine interviews, blood sampling and genotyping were performed on 1806 unrelated migraineurs recruited from the Danish Headache Center. Genotyping was also performed on a control group of 6415 people with no history of migraine. Association analyses were carried out using logistic regression and odds ratios were calculated assuming an additive model for risk. The proxies for severe migraine traits (early onset of migraine; many lifetime attacks, prolonged migraine and tendency to chronification of migraine) were tested against the 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms and a combined genetic score in both a case-control and case-only logistic regression model. Results We successfully replicated five out of the 12 previously reported loci and confirmed the same direction of effects for all the 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms. In line with the recently published genome-wide association meta-analysis, the associations were significant for all migraine and migraine without aura but not for migraine with typical aura. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs2274316 and rs11172113) conferred risk of many lifetime attacks inthe case-control analysis. In the case-only analysis, only three single nucleotide polymorphisms showed nominal association with many lifetime attacks and prolonged migraine attacks. Conclusion Our study supports previously reported findings on the association of several single nucleotide polymorphisms with migraine. It also suggests that the migraine susceptibility loci may be risk factors for severe migraine traits.
Triptans use and overuse: A pharmacoepidemiology study from the French health insurance system database covering 4.1 million people
Authors: Braunstein David , Donnet Anne , Pradel Vincent , Sciortino Vincent , Allaria-Lapierre Véronique , Lantéri-Minet Michel , Micallef Joëlle 
Published: February 2015

Introduction The objective of this study was to estimate and to characterize the actual patterns of triptan use and overuse in France using a drug reimbursement database. Methods We included all people covered by the French General Health Insurance System (GHIS) from the Provence-Alpes-Côte-d’Azur (PACA) and Corsica administrative areas who had at least one dispensed dose of triptans between May 2010 and December 2011. All dispensed doses of triptans, migraine prophylactic treatment and psychotropic medications were extracted from the GHIS database. Triptan overuse was defined as triptan use >20 defined daily doses (DDD) per month on a regular basis for more than three consecutive months. Risk of overuse was assessed using logistic regression adjusted for gender and age. Results We included 99,540 patients who had at least one prescription of a triptan over the 20 months of the study. Among them, 2243 patients (2.3%) were identified as overusers and received 20.2% of the total DDD prescribed. Twelve percent of overusers and 6.9% of non-overusers were aged more than 65 years (OR: 1.81). Overusers did not have a greater number of prescribers and pharmacists than non-overusers. They were more frequently prescribed a prophylactic medication for migraine treatment (56.8% vs 35.9%, OR: 2.36), benzodiazepines (69.9% vs 54.7%, OR: 1.93) and antidepressants (49.4% vs 30.2%, OR: 2.33). Conclusions This work suggests that triptan overuse may be due to insufficient prescriber awareness of appropriate prescribing. The off-label prescription of triptans among the elderly necessitates investigating their cardiovascular risk profile in this sub-group.
Evaluation of Inhaled Dornase Alfa Administration in Non-Cystic Fibrosis Patients at a Tertiary Academic Medical Center
Authors: Torbic Heather , Hacobian Gaspar 
Published: February 2015

Purpose: The use of dornase alfa in a non-cystic fibrosis population has been proposed to help improve atelectasis and secretions. Data evaluating dornase alfa in a non-cystic fibrosis population are limited, and the prescribing practices at a tertiary academic medical center are unknown. Methods: Adult patients ≥18 years of age were included if they received inhaled dornase alfa. Patients were excluded if they had cystic fibrosis. Data collected included demographic data, dornase alfa prescribing patterns, concomitant inhaled therapy, blood gas data, and documented efficacy and safety data. Results: Seventy-six orders for dornase alfa therapy were included in the analysis. Of the patients, 18% had asthma and 19% had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Seventy-seven percent of the patients received concomitant inhaled therapy. Eighty-three percent of orders were for 2.5 mg of dornase alfa twice daily. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) number of doses received per patient was 6 (4-13) with a median (IQR) duration of 3 (2-7) days. After inhaled dornase alfa administration, 11% of patients were able to cough productively. No safety issues related to inhaled dornase alfa therapy were noted. Conclusions: Inhaled dornase alfa is commonly prescribed to improve atelectasis and secretions in a non-cystic fibrosis patient population at a tertiary academic medical center.
Preliminary Testing of a Patient-Reported Outcome Measure for Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Jackson Leanne K. , Deng Jie , Ridner Sheila H. , Gilbert Jill , Dietrich Mary S. , Murphy Barbara A. 
Published: February 2015

Objective: We describe development and preliminary testing of Vanderbilt Head and Neck Symptom Survey—Recurrent/Metastatic (VHNSS-RM) to assess residual symptoms, tumor-related symptoms, and side effects from therapy. Methods: Items were identified through patient and provider interviews. Card sort selected high-yield and high-impact items. The VHNSS-RM was administered to 50 patients with recurrent/metastatic head and neck cancer (RMHNC). Results: The VHNSS-RM includes 12 unique symptoms (diet change, tongue movement affecting speech/swallowing, face/neck swelling, neck/jaw cramping, bad breath, drooling, wound drainage/pain/odor, nasal congestion/drainage, eyes watering, face/tongue/ear/scalp numbness, headaches, and confusion) and 7 unique psychosocial issues (burden to family/friends, lost independence, fear, embarrassment, mood swings, stress, and boredom). Conclusions: The VHNSS-RM contains 35 physical and 12 psychosocial issues. The VHNSS-RM is feasible and not overly burdensome. Nineteen unique items may improve palliation to patients with RMHNC.
Safe Zone for Placement of Talar Screws When Fusing the Ankle With an Anterior Plating System
Authors: Haskell Andrew , Dedini Russell , Dini Monara 
Published: February 2015

Background: Ankle fusions fixed with anterior plates use fluoroscopic guidance to direct screws toward the subtalar joint. Special imaging views that visualize the subtalar joint are difficult to use and can be unreliable. This study evaluated whether a single lateral ankle view would provide adequate information to judge whether a screw penetrated the subtalar joint and identified strategies that would improve this technique. Methods: In 5 cadaveric ankles fixed with anterior plates, talar screws were placed up to the subtalar joint without penetration using lateral fluoroscopy to guide screw length. After dissection, the true distance from the screw tip to subchondral surface was measured. In addition, 4 readers measured the perceived distance from screw tip to subchondral surface using direct lateral, 10 degrees cephalad tilt lateral, and 10 degrees caudal tilt lateral fluoroscopic images on 2 separate occasions. Results: Nineteen (63%) of 30 screws penetrated the subchondral bone, and screw length determined using fluoroscopy was significantly longer than screw length measured directly (29.4 ± 5.5 mm vs 27.3 ± 8.5 mm, P = .014). Measurement of screw tip to bone distance demonstrated a high level of within-reader (kappa = .871, P < .001) and between-reader agreement (kappa = .807, P < .001), but poor specificity of determining screw penetration (0.50, χ2 = 22.1, P < .001) and poor correlation between radiographically measured and actual distances between screw tip and bone margin ( r = .35, P < .001). Tilting the c-arm 10 degrees cephalad and directing screws toward the posterior facet improved the ability to detect screw penetration and directing screws toward the middle facet diminished it ( P < .05). A safe zone of screw placement was defined by region. Conclusion: Use of a lateral fluoroscopic image to guide talar screw placement may lead to an unacceptably high rate of subtalar joint penetration. Clinical Relevance: Understanding the limitations of lateral fluoroscopy when using anterior ankle fusion plates may minimize screw penetration into the subtalar joint and diminish development of subtalar arthropathy.
Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in pet cats in Norway and risk factors for seropositivity
Authors: Sævik Bente Kristin , Krontveit Randi Ingebjørg , Eggen Kristine P , Malmberg Nina , Thoresen Stein I , Prestrud Kristin W 
Published: February 2015

Objectives The aims of the study were to estimate Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in pet cats in Norway and to evaluate risk factors for seropositivity. Additionally, serum biochemistry and haematological variables for T gondii seropositive and seronegative cats were compared. Methods A convenience sample of surplus sera submitted to the Central Laboratory, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, was collected. The samples were from healthy cats and cats with a variety of diseases. Analyses for IgG antibodies to T gondii were performed with a commercial direct agglutination test, with 1:40 as the threshold value. For risk factor analysis a logistic regression model of the relationship between predictors and the outcome was applied. Results One hundred and ninety-six of 478 cats were seropositive for T gondii, and the estimated seroprevalence in the study sample was 41.0% (95% confidence interval 36.6–45.4). Compared with domestic cats, pedigree cats had reduced risk for Toxoplasma seropositivity (odds ratio [OR] 0.42). Males had increased risk (OR 1.63) compared with females. The effect of age was highly significant, and an increase in the cats’ age across the interquartile range (IQR; 52–160 months/4–13 years of age) doubled the risk of Toxoplasma seropositivity (OR 2.11). The risk for Toxoplasma seropositivity among cats living in Oslo was significantly reduced (OR 0.51) when compared with the rest of Norway. Conclusions and relevance Pet cats in Norway appear to be commonly exposed to T gondii. Signalment and geographical region influenced the odds of Toxoplasma seropositivity, whereas health status did not.
Conical islands of TiO2 nanotube arrays in the photoelectrode of dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Kim Woong-Rae , Park Hun , Choi Won-Youl 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Ti conical island structures were fabricated using photolithography and the reactive ion etching method. The resulting conical island structures were anodized in ethylene glycol solution containing 0.25 wt% NH4F and 2 vol% H2O, and conical islands composed of TiO2 nanotubes were successfully formed on the Ti foils. The conical islands composed of TiO2 nanotubes were employed in photoelectrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). DSC photoelectrodes based on planar Ti structures covered with TiO2 nanotubes were also fabricated as a reference. The short-circuit current (J
sc) and efficiency of DSCs based on the conical island structures were higher than those of the reference samples. The efficiency of DSCs based on the conical island structures reached up to 1.866%. From electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and open-circuit voltage (V
oc) decay measurements, DSCs based on the conical island structures exhibited a lower charge transfer resistance at the counter cathode and a longer electron lifetime at the interface of the photoelectrode and electrolyte compared to the reference samples. The conical island structure was very effective at improving performances of DSCs based on TiO2 nanotubes.
Influence of post-annealing on the off current of MoS2 field-effect transistors
Authors: Namgung Seok Daniel , Yang Suk , Park Kyung , Cho Ah-Jin , Kim Hojoong , Kwon Jang-Yeon 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Two-dimensional materials have recently been spotlighted, due to their unique properties in comparison with conventional bulk and thin-film materials. Among those materials, MoS2 is one of the promising candidates for the active layer of electronic devices because it shows high electron mobility and pristine band gap. In this paper, we focus on the evolution of the electrical property of the MoS2 field-effect transistor (FET) as a function of post-annealing temperature. The results indicate that the off current drastically decreased at 200°C and increased at 400°C while other factors, such as the mobility and threshold voltage, show little variation. We consider that the decreasing off current comes from the rearrangement of the MoS2 film and the elimination of the surface residue. Then, the increasing off current was caused by the change of the material's composition and adsorption of H2O and O2.
Preclinical evaluation of cyclin dependent kinase 11 and casein kinase 2 survival kinases as RNA interference targets for triple negative breast cancer therapy
Authors: Kren Betsy T , Unger Gretchen M , Abedin Md J , Vogel Rachel I , Henzler Christine M , Ahmed Khalil , Trembley Janeen H 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Targeted therapies for aggressive breast cancers like triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) are needed. The use of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to disable expression of survival genes provides a tool for killing these cancer cells. Cyclin dependent kinase 11 (CDK11) is a survival protein kinase that regulates RNA transcription, splicing and mitosis. Casein kinase 2 (CK2) is a survival protein kinase that suppresses cancer cell death. Eliminating the expression of these genes has potential therapeutic utility for breast cancer.

Methods
Expression levels of CDK11 and CK2 mRNAs and associated proteins were examined in breast cancer cell lines and tissue arrays. RNA expression levels of CDC2L1, CDC2L2, CCNL1, CCNL2, CSNK2A1, CSNK2A2, and CSNK2B genes in breast cancer subtypes were analyzed. Effects following transfection of siRNAs against CDK11 and CK2 in cultured cells were examined by viability and clonal survival assays and by RNA and protein measures. Uptake of tenfibgen (TBG) nanocapsules by TNBC cells was analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. TBG nanocapsules delivered siRNAs targeting CDK11 or CK2 in mice carrying TNBC xenograft tumors. Transcript cleavage and response parameters were evaluated.

Results
We found strong CDK11 and CK2 mRNA and protein expression in most human breast cancer cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of TNBC patient tissues showed 100% of tumors stained positive for CDK11 with high nuclear intensity compared to normal tissue. The Cancer Genome Atlas analysis comparing basal to other breast cancer subtypes and to normal breast revealed statistically significant differences. Down-regulation of CDK11 and/or CK2 in breast cancer cells caused significant loss of cell viability and clonal survival, reduced relevant mRNA and protein expression, and induced cell death changes. TBG nanocapsules were taken up by TNBC cells both in culture and in xenograft tumors. Treatment with TBG- siRNA to CDK11 or TBG- siRNA to CK2αα’ nanocapsules induced appropriate cleavage of CDK11 and CK2α transcripts in TNBC tumors, and caused MDA-MB-231 tumor reduction, loss of proliferation, and decreased expression of targeted genes.

Conclusions
CDK11 and CK2 expression are individually essential for breast cancer cell survival, including TNBC. These genes serve as promising new targets for therapeutic development in breast cancer.