bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphofunctional analysis of Svobodaina species (Brachiopoda, Heterorthidae) from south‐western Europe
Authors: Colmenar Jorge , Harper David A. T. , Villas Enrique 
Published: July 2013

AbstractGeometric morphometric methods applied to the ventral muscle field outline of the various species of Svobodaina from south‐western Europe identify criteria for discriminating among this key cluster of brachiopod species. These data indicate the close relationship between the patterns of the ventral muscle field in the Svobodaina species and the environmental conditions where each inhabited; the fields are better developed in species related to high‐energy environments. For example, S. armoricana, with the smallest diductor scars, would have inhabited the quiet marine environments of the lower offshore or within protected lagoonal settings. S. feisti would have inhabited the upper offshore, a more energetic environment than S. armoricana. Finally, S. havliceki, with the largest diductor scars, would have thrived in the most energetic environments among all the south‐western European Svobodaina species, living just above the fair‐weather wave base in the lower shoreface. The palaeoecological results suggest a distribution of Svobodaina species during the Late Ordovician along an onshore–offshore transect across the shallow marine platforms of the Mediterranean margin of Gondwana. On the other hand, the occurrence in some localities of several species with overlapping ranges or within the same assemblage indicates that the biostratigraphical efficacy of the genus is restricted. Thus, the previously defined taxon‐range biozones characterized by Svobodaina species of the north Gondwanan margin are in need of reassessment. The morphology of Svobodaina may be a considerable aid to environmental analyses rather than to precise biostratigraphical correlations.
Mansuyia Sun, and Tsinania Walcott, from the Furongian of North China and the evolution of the trilobite family Tsinaniidae
Authors: Park Tae‐Yoon , Kim Ju Eon , Lee Seung‐Bae , Choi Duck K. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe Furongian trilobite family Tsinaniidae is characterized by a highly effaced surface and forms an important constituent of the Furongian trilobite faunas of east Gondwana. However, the origin of the characteristic morphology of this family has remained unclear. Only recently has the tsinaniid trilobite Lonchopygella megaspina been suggested to represent an intermediate stage in the evolutionary transition to other tsinaniids on the basis of the trunk segmentation. Here, we report successive occurrences of four species of the kaolishaniid genus Mansuyia and a tsinaniid trilobite Tsinania canens from the Furongian (late Cambrian) Chaomidian Formation in Shandong Province, China. A cladistic analysis including these taxa reveals that the four species of Mansuyia constitute stem‐group taxa to the family Tsinaniidae, rendering Mansuyia and the Kaolishaniidae paraphyletic. The youngest species of Mansuyia, M. taianfuensis, turns out to be the immediate sister taxon of the Tsinaniidae, displaying a closely similar morphology to the tsinaniid trilobite, Shergoldia laevigata. The generic and familial boundary therefore situated between M. taianfuensis and S. laevigata.
Vogt‐Koyanagi‐Harada Disease in an Adolescent Boy
Authors: Bilgiç Özlem , Gündüz Abuzer , Kaya Kısmet 
Published: July 2013

AbstractVogt‐Koyanagi‐Harada (VKH) disease is a rare multiorgan disorder that affects the melanocytes of the eyes, skin, inner ear, and meninges. It is more common in women and in patients 30 to 50 years of age; it is rarely seen in children. We report a 14‐year‐old boy who meets the criteria for complete VKH disease.
Subungual Soft Tissue Chondroma with Nail Deformity in a Child
Authors: Eun Young Sun , Kim Mi Ri , Cho Baik Kee , Yoo Gyeol , Park Hyun Jeong 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSoft tissue chondroma is a rare benign tumor of the cartilage. It occurs commonly in distal extremities of middle‐aged patients. It is usually asymptomatic and grows slowly, making early diagnosis difficult. We report a 10‐year‐old patient with a 1‐year history of a subungual soft tissue chondroma on her left fifth finger. The lesion arose from nail bed and distal nail matrix, resulting in nail dystrophy. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a soft tissue tumor in the subungual region and soft tissue chondroma was diagnosed, based on histopathologic findings. Dermatologists should consider soft tissue chondroma in the differential diagnosis of subungual tumors of children.
The joys of genuine giving: Approach and avoidance sacrifice motivation and authenticity
Authors: IMPETT EMILY A. , JAVAM LEYLA , LE BONNIE M. , ASYABI‐ESHGHI BEHZAD , KOGAN ALEKSANDR 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWhy do sacrifices undertaken in pursuit of approach and avoidance goals differentially influence well‐being and relationship quality? A cross‐sectional study (Study 1), an experiment (Study 2), and a 2‐week daily experience study (Study 3) demonstrate that the personal and interpersonal outcomes of approach and avoidance sacrifice goals in dating and married relationships are mediated by felt authenticity. When people sacrificed for approach goals such as to make their partner happy, they felt more authentic, in turn contributing to greater personal and relationship well‐being. However, when they sacrificed for avoidance goals such as to avoid conflict, they felt less authentic, in turn detracting from personal and relationship well‐being. Implications for research and theory on motivational processes in close relationships are discussed.
Variable mycorrhizal benefits on the reproductive output of Geranium sylvaticum, with special emphasis on the intermediate phenotype
Authors: Varga S. , Kytöviita M.‐M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn several gynodioecious species, intermediate sex between female and hermaphrodite has been reported, but few studies have investigated fitness parameters of this intermediate phenotype. Here, we examined the interactions between plant sex and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal species affecting the reproductive output of Geranium sylvaticum, a sexually polymorphic plant species with frequent intermediate sexes between females and hermaphrodites, using a common garden experiment. Flowering phenology, AM colonisation levels and several plant vegetative and reproductive parameters, including seed and pollen production, were measured. Differences among sexes were detected in flowering, fruit set, pollen production and floral size. The two AM species used in the present work had different effects on plant fitness parameters. One AM species increased female fitness through increasing seed number and seed mass, while the other species reduced seed mass in all sexes investigated. AM fungi did not affect intermediate and hermaphrodite pollen content in anthers. The three sexes in G. sylvaticum did not differ in their reproductive output in terms of total seed production, but hermaphrodites had potentially larger fathering ability than intermediates due to higher anther number. The ultimate female function – seed production – did not differ among the sexes, but one of the AM fungi used potentially decreased host plant fitness. In addition, in the intermediate sex, mycorrhizal symbiosis functioned similarly in females as in hermaphrodites.
Maternal Weight Status, Cord Blood Leptin and Fetal Growth: a Prospective Mother–Child Cohort Study (Rhea Study)
Authors: Karakosta Polyxeni , Georgiou Vaggelis , Fthenou Eleni , Papadopoulou Eleni , Roumeliotaki Theano , Margioris Andrew , Castanas Elias , Kampa Marilena , Kogevinas Manolis , Chatzi Leda 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundLeptin is an adipocyte‐secreted hormone that regulates energy homeostasis, while its role in fetal programming remains poorly understood. We aimed to evaluate the effect of maternal weight status on cord blood leptin levels and their combined effect on fetal growth.MethodsWe included 638 mother–child pairs from the prospective mother–child cohort ‘Rhea’ study in Crete, Greece with singleton pregnancies, providing cord blood serum samples for leptin analysis and complete data on birth outcomes. Multivariable logistic and linear regression models were used adjusting for confounders. Generalised additive models were used to explore the form of the relationship between cord leptin and continuous birth outcomes.ResultsLog cord leptin was positively associated with birthweight {β‐coef: 176.5 [95% confidence interval (CI): 133.0, 220.0] }, ponderal index (β‐coef: 1.0 [95% CI: 0.6, 1.4] ) and gestational age (β‐coef: 0.7 [95% CI: 0.5, 0.8] ). Excessive weight gain during pregnancy was associated with a threefold increased risk for cord hyperleptinaemia {relative risk (RR): 3.0, [95% CI: 1.5, 6.3] }. Maternal pre‐pregnancy overweight/obesity [body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2] increased the risk of giving birth to a hyperleptinaemic neonate (RR: 2.1 [95% CI: 1.4, 3.2] and the effect of log leptin on birthweight (β‐coef: 219.1 [95% CI: 152.3, 285.9] compared with women with a BMI <25 kg/m2 (β‐coef: 150.5 [95% CI: 93.1, 207.9].ConclusionsHigher cord blood leptin levels are associated with increased size at birth and gestational age, while maternal pre‐pregnancy BMI and weight gain during pregnancy represent significant indicators of cord blood leptin.
Chloroplast‐targeted Hsp90 plays essential roles in plastid development and embryogenesis in Arabidopsis possibly linking with VIPP1
Authors: Feng Juanjuan , Fan Pengxiang , Jiang Ping , Lv Sulian , Chen Xianyang , Li Yinxin 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe Arabidopsis genome contains seven members of Hsp90. Mutations in plastid AtHsp90.5 were reported to cause defects in chloroplast development and embryogenesis. However, the exact function of plastid AtHsp90.5 has not yet been defined. In this study, albino seedlings were found among AtHsp90.5 transformed Arabidopsis, which were revealed to be AtHsp90.5 co‐suppressed plants. The accumulation of photosynthetic super‐complexes in the albinos was decreased, and expression of genes involved in photosynthesis was significantly down‐regulated. AtHsp90.5 T‐DNA insertion mutants were embryo‐lethal with embryo arrested at the heart stage. Further investigation showed AtHsp90.5 expression was up‐regulated in the siliques at 4 days post anthesis (DPA). Confocal microscopy proved AtHsp90.5 was located in the chloroplasts. Plastid development in the AtHsp90.5 mutants and co‐suppressed plants was seriously impaired, and few thylakoid membranes were observed, indicating the involvement of AtHsp90.5 in chloroplast biogenesis. AtHsp90.5 was found to interact with vesicle‐inducing protein in plastids 1 (VIPP1) by bimolecular fluorescence complementation system. The ratio between VIPP1 oligomers and monomers in AtHsp90.5 co‐suppressed plants drastically shifted toward the oligomeric state. Our study confirmed that AtHsp90.5 is vital for chloroplast biogenesis and embryogenesis. Further evidence also suggested that AtHsp90.5 may help in the disassembly of VIPP1 for thylakoid membrane formation and/or maintenance.
Use of Relief Contrast®Objective to Improve Sperm Morphometric Analysis by Isas®Casa System in the Ram
Authors: Yániz JL , Capistrós S , Vicente‐Fiel S , Soler C , Núñez de Murga M , Santolaria P 
Published: July 2013

ContentsThe aim of this study was to develop a new method for morphometric assessment of the sperm head and acrosome in the ram. Ejaculates from 10 adult males were collected using an artificial vagina. For each ejaculate, 10 semen smears were prepared, air‐dried and divided (in pairs) into the following five treatment groups: (i) washed in distilled water and allowed to dry without further processing (DRY); (ii) fixed in 50% methanol (MET); (iii) fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde (GLUT); (iv) fixed and stained with Hemacolor®(HEM) and (v) fixed and stained with SpermBlue®(SB). The prepared slides were examined with a 40 × Relief Contrast®objective (RC) and processed withISAS®commercial software. The use ofRCoptics increased the contrast between acrosome and sperm head, allowing capture and morphometric analysis byISASof sperm heads and the acrosome, even in non‐stained samples.METandGLUTgroups resulted in a lower number of acceptable, that is, correctly delineated, sperm heads than those in theSB, andSBandHEMgroups, respectively (p < 0.05). The higher proportion of sperm discarded inMETandGLUTgroups may be explained by a higher presence of artefacts. For the majority of the primary morphometric parameters of the sperm head and the acrosomal area, the relationship between treatments was the following:GLUT>HEM≥MET≥SB>DRY. When studying the proportion of the sperm head covered by the acrosome, the relation between treatments was:MET>DRY=GLUT=SB>HEM. It was concluded that the new method for sperm morphometric assessment allows the simultaneous assessment of sperm head and acrosome in the ram by the first time, even in unprocessed semen smears.
Effect of hCG and eCG Treatments on Prostaglandins Synthesis in the Porcine Oviduct
Authors: Małysz‐Cymborska I , Ziecik AJ , Waclawik A , Andronowska A 
Published: July 2013

ContentsThe oviduct plays a crucial role in fertilization, gamete maturation and embryo transport. Prostaglandins are some of the main factors determining its roles. The present study investigated the influence of oestrus synchronization and superovulation on prostaglandins synthesis in the porcine oviduct. Mature cross‐bred gilts after exhibiting oestrous cycles were divided into four groups: I, cyclic; II, inseminated; III, synchronized and inseminated; and IV, superovulated and inseminated. Oviducts were collected on the third day of the oestrous cycle or after insemination and divided into isthmus and ampullary parts. This study demonstrated lower mRNA (in the isthmus and ampulla; p < 0.05, p < 0.001, respectively) and protein prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2 expression (in the isthmus; p < 0.001) in gilts treated with human chorionic gonadotrophin/equine chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG/eCG) compared with Group II that were inseminated only. In addition, hCG and eCG treatment decreased mPGES‐1 mRNA levels in Groups III and IV, in both the isthmus (p < 0.01 in III, p < 0.001 in IV) and ampulla (p < 0.001). The prostaglandin E2 content of oviductal tissues was significantly lower in Groups III (p < 0.05) and IV (p < 0.01 in isthmus, p < 0.0001 in ampulla) compared with Group II. mRNA and protein levels of PGFS in Group IV in the oviductal isthmus were higher (p < 0.01) compared with the non‐treated Group II. In effect, the amount of prostaglandin F2α in oviductal tissues of gilts treated with hCG/eCG was significantly elevated (p < 0.001 in isthmus of Groups III and IV; p < 0.05 in ampulla of Group IV). Differential expression of the factors analysed in gilts treated with exogenous gonadotrophins suggests that hCG/eCG stimulation affects prostaglandins synthesis pathway. These changes can alter oviduct functions and in turn affect gamete maturation and fertilization as well as development of embryos and their transport to the uterus.
On the Toughness Response of iPP and sPP/MWNT Nanocomposites
Authors: Mouzakis D. E. , Papanicolaou G. C. , Giannadakis K. , Zuburtikudis I. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTNanocomposites based in polypropylene (both syndiotactic and isotactic) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) directly blended in the melt via micro‐extrusion, were studied. The aim was to determine the role of MWNTs, on the creation of the plastic zone and crack propagation in double‐cracked tensile specimens. Essential work of fracture toughness testing was performed on these nanocomposites. In all cases, the effect of MWNT weight fraction on the above properties was extensively studied. Data obtained have shown a non‐linear relationship of almost all properties with MWNTs content.Scanning electron microscopy revealed that a micro crack/craze bridging mechanism can be detected in polymer matrix/ MWNT nanocomposites. This mechanism was observed in the fibrillated areas of the specimens' fractured surfaces. The results obtained showed a promising role of the nanotubes as tougheners for future nanocomposites' applications. Ductile‐to‐brittle transition was confirmed for MWNT contents above 1 wt%.
The Reinforcement Effect of Strain Gauges Embedded in Low Modulus Materials
Authors: Ajovalasit A. , Fragapane S. , Zuccarello B. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThe reinforcement effect of electrical resistance strain gauges is well‐described in the literature, especially for strain gauges installed on surface. This paper considers the local reinforcement effect of strain gauges embedded within low Young modulus materials. In particular, by using a simple theoretical model, already used for strain gauges installed on the surface, it proposes a simple formula that allows the user to evaluate the local reinforcement effect of a generic strain gauge embedded on plastics, polymer composites, etc. The theoretical analysis has been integrated by numerical and experimental analyses, which confirmed the reliability of the proposed model.
Determinants of the degradation of soil structure in vineyards with a view to conversion to organic farming
Authors: Polge de Combret ‐ Champart L. , Guilpart N. , Mérot A. , Capillon A. , Gary C. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn perennial crops such as grapevine, there is a considerable risk of soil degradation caused by mechanization. Organic farming may increase traffic and result in more intensive soil structure degradation, especially on wet soil. Soil structure was observed in 69 soil profiles from 12 vineyards (Languedoc‐Roussillon, Bordeaux, Provence, Burgundy, Rhône Valley) to study the relationships between permanent soil characteristics (texture, stoniness, waterlogging), cultivation practices (technical operations, traffic, farm equipment) and soil structure. Compaction zones were identified in soil profiles viewed perpendicularly to the grapevine rows. The percentage of compacted area and a score for compaction intensity were assessed in the top 0.5 m of the soil profile in three soil compartments defined by the distance from the grapevine row: (1) 0 to 0.2 m (2) 0.2 m to 0.5 m and (3) 0.5 m to the middle of the inter‐row. Most soil profiles exhibited considerable compaction: 75% of the soil profiles were compacted in compartments 2 or 3. Intensity correlated with depth of compaction in compartment 2 – the deeper the compaction, the greater the compaction intensity. Four types of soil profiles could be identified, depending on the location of compacted zones and of their intensity of compaction. The factors that determined the types of soil profiles were as follows: soil vulnerability to compaction, use of moderating practices (practices that limit the risk of compaction) and traffic geometry. A statistical analysis resulted in a decision tree that provides a useful basis to choose cultivation practices that limit damage to or improve soil structure.
Effectiveness of a cardiac surgery–specific transfusion protocol
Authors: Bilecen Süleyman , de Groot Joris A.H. , Kalkman Cor J. , Spanjersberg Alexander J. , Moons Karel G.M. , Nierich Arno P. 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundCardiac surgery is often complicated by excessive bleeding that is commonly treated with blood products. In the year 2009 a transfusion protocol was introduced specifically designed for cardiac surgery procedures. This study aims to evaluate the effect of this protocol on transfusion of blood products and the occurrence of clinical events.Study Design and MethodsThis was a nonrandomized intervention study. The index group was transfused according to a tailor‐made transfusion protocol (operation in 2009/2010) and the control group was transfused according to the Dutch national transfusion guideline (operation in 2007/2008). The primary outcome was mean number of units transfused and proportion of patients transfused. Secondary outcomes were in‐hospital mortality, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident or transient ischemic attack, renal injury or failure, rethoracotomy, and prolonged mechanical ventilation.ResultsThe control group comprised 2685 patients and the index group 2534 patients. The tailor‐made transfusion protocol resulted in a decrease of patients transfused with red blood cells (RBCs) and fresh‐frozen plasma (FFP) during surgery with odds ratio of 0.69 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.55‐0.86) and 0.63 (95% CI, 0.46‐0.86), respectively. Fewer myocardial infarctions were observed in the index group with OR of 0.67 (95% CI, 0.47‐0.96).ConclusionThe cardiac surgery–specific transfusion protocol resulted in fewer patients transfused with RBCs and FFP and a lower incidence of myocardial infarction. This tailor‐made protocol has led to a more judicious use of blood products and is a basis for further refinement of coagulation management during cardiac surgery procedures.
Systematic Literature Review of Incidence Rates of Low‐Speed Vehicle Run‐Over Incidents in Children
Authors: Griffin Bronwyn , Watt Kerrieanne , Kimble Roy , Wallis Belinda , Shields Linda 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTAimTo systematically review the literature investigating the incidence of fatal and or nonfatal low‐speed vehicle run‐over (LSVRO) incidents in children aged 0–15 years.MethodsThe following databases were searched using specific search terms, from their date of conception up to June 2011: Cochrane Library, Medline, CINAHL, Embase, AMI, Sociological Abstracts, ERIC, PsycArticles, PsycInfo, Urban Studies and Planning; Australian Criminology Database; Dissertations and Thesis; Academic Research Library; Social Services Abstracts; Family and Society; Scopus; and Web of Science. A total of 128 articles were identified in the databases (33 found by hand searching). The title and abstract of these were read, and 102 were removed because they were not primary research articles relating to LSVRO‐type injuries. Twenty‐six articles were assessed against the inclusion (reporting population level incidence rates) and exclusion criteria, 19 of which were excluded, leaving a total of five articles for inclusion in the review.FindingsFive studies were identified that met the inclusion criteria. The incidence rate in nonfatal LSVRO events varied in the range of 7.09 to 14.79 per 100,000 and from 0.63 to 3.2 per 100,000 in fatal events.DiscussionUsing International Classification of Diseases codes for classifying fatal or nonfatal LSVRO incidents is problematic as there is no specific code for LSVRO. The current body of research is void of a comprehensive secular population data analysis. Only with an improved spectrum of incidence rates will appropriate evaluation of this problem be possible, and this will inform nursing prevention interventions. The effect of LSVRO incidents is clearly understudied. More research is required to address incidence rates in relation to culture, environment, risk factors, car design, and injury characteristics.ConclusionsThe lack of nursing research or policy around this area of injury, most often to children, indicates a field of inquiry and policy development that needs attention.