bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skewed orientation groups in scatter plots of earthquake fault plane solutions: Implications for extensional geometry at oceanic spreading centers
Authors: Lister G. S. , Tkalčić H. , McClusky S. , Forster M. A. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractSystematic analysis of earthquake focal solutions derived from centroid moment tensors shows well‐defined orientation groups in scatterplots of fault plane normals and associated slip line vectors. Consideration of the geometry implied by these orientation groups can allow resolution of the ambiguity inherent in the choice as to which of the two conjugate fault plane solutions should apply, and in many cases, the same classification can be applied to the entire orientation group. Examining scatter plots of data from normal fault earthquakes on spreading ridges typically shows orthogonal relations but there are also many cases where there is a skew with respect to the great circles defined by faults on adjacent transform faults. This can be explained by finite rock strength in the adjacent transforms, requiring resolved shear stress to allow movement, thus requiring rotation of the trajectories of the deviatoric stress axes: anticlockwise for right‐lateral transforms and clockwise for left‐lateral transforms. This asymmetry also requires formation of tilt block geometries reminiscent of Basin and Range style continental extension.
Spatiotemporal development of irreversible mixing in midlatitude baroclinic wave life cycles: Morphology, energetics, and nonisentropic mixing activity
Authors: Yamazaki Y. H. , Peltier W. R. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe significance of nonisentropic irreversible mixing processes is diagnosed for idealized simulations of synoptic‐scale baroclinic wave life cycles along the subtropical jet stream, using a nonhydrostatic, anelastic, mesoscale model subject to a free‐slip surface boundary condition. A variety of morphological features of mixing is identified such as a mesoscale columnar vortex associated with the onset of frontal fracture, episodic overturnings along the surface fronts, “wrinkling” of the tropopause, and injection of tropospheric air into the stratosphere. The evolution of the degree of nonisentropic irreversible mixing is first analyzed by computing the change of the “base” component of potential energy that cannot be converted into kinetic energy. The structure of the mixing activity is also diagnosed through inspection of spatiotemporal changes of entropy to demonstrate that the surface fronts are by far the most active regions of such activity. This activity is found to be primarily longitudinal, extending from the surface to the lower stratosphere, to form a three‐dimensional spiral in the synoptic‐scale cyclone and along the fronts. However, an exceptional region also exists along the warm front, where the structure becomes primarily transverse in the mature phase of frontal development in a model including an explicit representation of small‐scale turbulence. In all simulations, the net transfer of mass and heat across the tropopause is from troposphere to stratosphere. The maximum transfer occurs when the observed climatological level of stratification contrast is assumed between stratosphere and troposphere. The same climatological choice leads to a minimum net irreversible mixing, which occurs primarily at Earth's surface.
Watershed‐scale modeling of streamflow change in incised montane meadows
Authors: Essaid Hedeff I. , Hill Barry R. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractLand use practices have caused stream channel incision and water table decline in many montane meadows of the Western United States. Incision changes the magnitude and timing of streamflow in water supply source watersheds, a concern to resource managers and downstream water users. The hydrology of montane meadows under natural and incised conditions was investigated using watershed simulation for a range of hydrologic conditions. The results illustrate the interdependence between: watershed and meadow hydrology; bedrock and meadow aquifers; and surface and groundwater flow through the meadow for the modeled scenarios. During the wet season, stream incision resulted in less overland flow and interflow and more meadow recharge causing a net decrease in streamflow and increase in groundwater storage relative to natural meadow conditions. During the dry season, incision resulted in less meadow evapotranspiration and more groundwater discharge to the stream causing a net increase in streamflow and a decrease in groundwater storage relative to natural meadow conditions. In general, for a given meadow setting, the magnitude of change in summer streamflow and long‐term change in watershed groundwater storage due to incision will depend on the combined effect of: reduced evapotranspiration in the eroded meadow; induced groundwater recharge; replenishment of dry season groundwater storage depletion in meadow and bedrock aquifers by precipitation during wet years; and groundwater storage depletion that is not replenished by precipitation during wet years.
Seasonality updated in 28 European/Mediterranean countries: A continuing enigma
Authors: Cummings David R. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTObjectivesThis report updates birth seasonality for 28 European/Mediterranean countries and evaluates the possible influence of atmospheric clarity/quality on seasonality.MethodsBirth data between 1970 and 2011 were adjusted for seasonality and are presented as conceptions.ResultsPresently, 27 of 28 countries have peak conceptions during the last 3 months of the year, a greater concentration than was previously recognized.ConclusionsThere is no apparent explanation for the en masse transition of seasonality, particularly the abrupt change in seasonality for nine countries, The frequency of sexual intercourse might be a one determinant while another possibility might be the decadal changes in atmospheric clearness/quality. However, causal relationships cannot be inferred without further study and/or animal experimentation. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 26:424–426, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Control of the Emission Behaviors of Trifunctional o‐Carborane Dyes
Authors: Tominaga Masato , Naito Hirofumi , Morisaki Yasuhiro , Chujo Yoshiki 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA series of organic dyes were synthesized that contain an o‐carborane unit in combination with phenanthrene, tolane, and BODIPY moieties. In solution, compound 7 a, which has phenanthrene and tolane units, does not emit as a result of an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) from the emitters to the C1C2 bond of the o‐carborane cage, whereas, in the aggregate and solid state, 7 a emits intense green light through aggregation‐induced emission (AIE). In solution, compound 7 b, which has phenanthrene, tolane, and BODIPY units, emits green light from the BODIPY moiety, whereas, in both the aggregate and solid state, it does not emit as a result of the energy transfer from the phenanthrene and tolanes to the neighboring BODIPY units and the successive aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) mechanism. This work shows that the emission behaviors, the ICT, AIE, energy transfer, and ACQ, of these dyes can be controlled by the substituents at the o‐carborane core.
Delayed Gadolinium‐Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Medial Tibiofemoral Cartilage and Its Relationship With Meniscal Pathology: A Longitudinal Study Using 3.0T Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Crema Michel D. , Hunter David J. , Burstein Deborah , Roemer Frank W. , Li Ling , Krishnan Nitya , Marra Monica D. , Hellio Le‐Graverand Marie‐Pierre , Guermazi Ali 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between medial meniscal pathology and cartilage matrix status using delayed gadolinium‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) in medial tibiofemoral cartilage in a sample of middle‐aged women.MethodsA total of 148 women ages ≥40 years were included, and 3.0T MRI of the knee was performed at baseline and at 1 year. T2‐weighted, fat‐suppressed and 3‐dimensional inversion recovery–prepared spoiled gradient‐recalled echo sequences were acquired 90 minutes after gadolinium injection. Baseline medial meniscal pathology was scored on a scale of 0–3, where 0 = normal, 1 = intrasubstance meniscal signal change, 2 = single tears, and 3 = complex tears/maceration. The central medial femur, the medial tibial plateau, and the posterior medial femur were subjected to dGEMRIC at baseline and at 1 year. Analysis of covariance was used to examine whether baseline and 1‐year dGEMRIC indices in the same regions were related to the severity of meniscal damage at baseline, using normal medial menisci (grade 0) as the reference.ResultsMedial compartments with grade 3 lesions showed significantly lower dGEMRIC indices (less proteoglycan content) at the central medial femur region compared with compartments with normal menisci. Mean ± SEM differences in dGEMRIC indices between grade 3 and grade 0 menisci at the central medial femur were −119.1 ± 34.2 msec at baseline (P = 0.03) and −120.3 ± 35.2 msec at followup (P = 0.04).ConclusionHigh‐grade damage of the medial meniscus showed significant associations with lower dGEMRIC indices. The dGEMRIC technique may be a useful tool in detecting early degenerative changes of cartilage when meniscal function is lost.
Inhibition of Spermidine/Spermine N1‐Acetyltransferase Activity: A New Therapeutic Concept in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Neidhart Michel , Karouzakis Emmanuel , Jüngel Astrid , Gay Renate E. , Gay Steffen 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveChanges in polyamine‐modulated factor 1 (PMF‐1) promoter methylation might favor the expression of spermidine/spermine N1‐acetyltransferase 1 (SSAT‐1), causing excessive consumption of S‐adenosyl methionine (SAM). This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of SSAT‐1 activity inhibition, either alone or in combination with SAM.MethodsSynovial fibroblasts were isolated from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or osteoarthritis (OA). PMF‐1 promoter methylation was determined by pyrosequencing. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) against SSAT‐1 were transfected weekly in RA synovial fibroblasts (RASFs). In addition, synovial fibroblasts were treated with diminazene aceturate (DA), an inhibitor of SSAT‐1. SSAT‐1, 5‐methylcytosine (5‐MeC), adenosyl methionine decarboxylase (AMD), PMF‐1, DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT‐1), CXCL12, β1 integrin, and CD44 levels were measured by flow cytometry. Putrescine levels were determined by colorimetry. Levels of matrix metalloproteinases were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Cell adhesion was tested. The SCID mouse model of RA was used to monitor the invasiveness of RASFs.ResultsRASFs showed elevated SSAT‐1, AMD, and PMF‐1 levels. However, PMF‐1 promoter methylation was unchanged. Transfection of siRNA targeting SSAT‐1 increased 5‐MeC levels within 21 days. Similarly, DA increased 5‐MeC levels in RASFs. In addition, DA increased the levels of DNMT‐1, decreased the levels of AMD, putrescine, activation markers, and MMP‐1, and altered the adhesion of RASFs. DA was more efficient in RASFs with higher levels of SSAT‐1. Most interestingly, the combination of DA and SAM reduced the invasiveness of RASFs by 70%.ConclusionThe use of DA alone or in combination with SAM/l‐methionine might introduce a new therapeutic concept in RA. This is the first therapy that would directly target RASFs and thereby inhibit ongoing joint destruction.
Metabolic engineering for p‐coumaryl alcohol production in Escherichia coli by introducing an artificial phenylpropanoid pathway
Authors: Jansen Frank , Gillessen Bernhard , Mueller Frank , Commandeur Ulrich , Fischer Rainer , Kreuzaler Fritz 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe plant polymer lignin is the greatest source of aromatic chemical structures on earth. Hence, the chemically diverse lignin monomers are valuable raw materials for fine chemicals, materials synthesis, and food and flavor industries. However, extensive use of this natural resource is hampered by the large number of different lignin monomers and the complex and irregular structure of lignin, which renders current processes for its chemical or enzymatic degradation inefficient. The microbial production of lignin monomers from renewable resources represents a promising alternative to lignin degradation, which could meet the demand for aromatic chemical structures. In this study, we describe the functional introduction of an artificial phenylpropanoid pathway into Escherichia coli, achieved by transferring several genes from plants and microbes. The established chimeric pathway efficiently converts l‐tyrosine into the lignin precursor molecule p‐coumaryl alcohol.
James Cretson leadership award: A tale of finding my intellectual home with ASIS&T
Authors: Shah Chirag 
Published: February 2014

AbstractEDITOR'S SUMMARYA converted computer scientist, the author looks back to his early intrigue with ASIS&T, his excitement at meeting notable scholars and subsequent history of participation. Shah presented a paper at his first meeting and every year since and has expanded his engagement, becoming active in SIGs, volunteering at the organizational level and advising a student chapter. Though this level of engagement involves significant work, Shah sees it not as a burden but as an important aspect of his career. As student chapter advisor, Shah encourages students to join ASIS&T early, attend as many activities as possible and interact broadly with others. New members should join a local chapter and a SIG and take advantage of scholarly opportunities through the Association. Attention to specific issues from organizational transparency to outreach will improve the Association.
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia presenting with polyserositis due to an immune‐mediated monocyte activation
Authors: Imataki Osamu , Watanabe Naoki , Matsumoto Kensuke , Uemura Makiko 
Published: February 2014

Key Clinical MessageMonocytosis is often profoundly implicated in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). We diagnosed a 63‐year‐old woman with CMML involving heterochronological systemic polyserositis with infiltrating benign monocytes. The patient's pleural effusion was eliminated completely with corticosteroid therapy. We speculate that our case represents an immunological reaction with activated monocytes triggered by infection.
A Fluorescent Sensor for Highly Selective Detection of Nitroaromatic Explosives Based on a 2D, Extremely Stable, Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Zhang Shu‐Ran , Du Dong‐Ying , Qin Jun‐Sheng , Bao Shao‐Juan , Li Shun‐Li , He Wen‐Wen , Lan Ya‐Qian , Shen Ping , Su Zhong‐Min 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA 2D, extremely stable, metal–organic framework (MOF), NENU‐503, was successfully constructed. It displays highly selective and recyclable properties in detection of nitroaromatic explosives as a fluorescent sensor. This is the first MOF that can distinguish between nitroaromatic molecules with different numbers of NO2 groups.
ChemInform Abstract: The Layered Antimonides RELi3Sb2 (RE: Ce—Nd, Sm, Gd—Ho). Filled Derivatives of the CaAl2Si2 Structure Type.
Authors: Schaefer Marion C. , Suen Nian‐Tzu , Raglione Michaella , Bobev Svilen 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe title compounds are prepared from stoichiometric mixtures of the elements (Nb tubes, 900 °C for 24 h and 800 °C for 96 h) and characterized by powder and single crystal XRD, magnetic susceptibility measurements, and TB‐LMTO electronic band structure calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: High Pressure Synthesis of Marcasite‐Type Rhodium Pernitride.
Authors: Niwa Ken , Dzivenko Dmytro , Suzuki Kentaro , Riedel Ralf , Troyan Ivan , Eremets Mikhail , Hasegawa Masashi 
Published: February 2014

AbstractRhN2 is prepared by high temperature/high‐pressure reaction of Rh and N2 (IR laser‐heated diamond anvil cell, 43.2 GPa, ≈3000 K).
ChemInform Abstract: In situ Grafted Carbon on Sawtooth‐Like SiC Supported Ni for High‐Performance Supercapacitor Electrodes.
Authors: Xie Song , Guo Xiao‐Ning , Jin Guo‐Qiang , Tong Xi‐Li , Wang Ying‐Yong , Guo Xiang‐Yun 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA new C—Ni—SiC composite is prepared by hydrothermal growth of Ni(OH)2 on sawtooth‐like SiC from a mixture of SiC, Ni(NO3)2 solution, cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide, and urea (autoclave, 150 °C, 12 h) followed by calcination at 450 °C for 4 h to obtain NiO/SiC composite.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure and Properties of a New Noncentrosymmetric Aluminoborate.
Authors: Meng Qin , Wang Guo‐Ming , Yang Bai‐Feng , He Huan , Yang Guo‐Yu 
Published: February 2014

AbstractColorless prismatic crystals of the new compound (H2teta)[Al(B5O10)] (teta: triethylenetetramine) are solvothermally synthesized in the absence of water from a mixture of Al(OiPr)3, H3BO3, teta, and pyridine (autoclave, 180 °C, 7 d; 20% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: From Solution to the Solid State: Control of Niobium Oxide—Fluoride [NbOxFy]n‐ Species.
Authors: Lu Hongcheng , Gautier Romain , Donakowski Martin D. , Liu Zhengtang , Poeppelmeier Kenneth R. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractCompounds (II) and (III) are formed by adjusting the acidity of the solution using different organic bases.
ChemInform Abstract: Two‐Dimensional Bicapped Supramolecular Hybrid Semiconductor Material Constructed from the Insulators α‐Keggin Polyoxomolybdate and 4,4′‐Bipyridine.
Authors: Iyer Abishek K. , Peter Sebastian C. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract(bpyH)2[SiMo14O44]·xH2O (bpy: 4,4′‐bipyridine) is hydrothermally synthesized from a mixture of Na2MoO4, Na2SiO3, CuCl2, bpy, HCl, and H2O (autoclave, pH 1.6, 160 °C, 5 d, 61% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed ortho‐Halogenation of Protected Anilines.
Authors: Urones Beatriz , Martinez Angel Manu , Rodriguez Nuria , Gomez Arrayas Ramon , Carretero Juan C. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA highly regioselective 2‐pyridylsulfonyl and 2‐pyrimidylsulfonyl‐directed ortho‐C—H mono‐halogenation of anilines (I), (IV), (VI) and (VIII) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of a Robust Reagent for the Two‐Carbon Homologation of Aldehydes to (E)‐α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes in Water.
Authors: McNulty James , Zepeda‐Velazquez Carlos , McLeod David 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe new pinacolacetalphosphonium salt (V) smoothly reacts with aldehydes in aqueous medium to give homologated acetals which hydrolyze to corresponding two‐carbon homologated unsaturated aldehydes with excellent (E)‐selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt Carbonyl as an Effective CO Source in One‐Pot Synthesis of Esters from Aryl Halides.
Authors: Baburajan P. , Senthilkumaran R. , Elango Kuppanagounder P. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractCo2(CO)8 is applied for the first time as an effective carbonyl source in Pd‐catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation reactions of aryl halides under microwave conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: New One‐Pot Procedure for the Synthesis of Diprotected Amino Alcohols from Unprotected Vinyl Aziridines.
Authors: Righi Giuliana , Bovicelli Paolo , Tirotta Ilaria 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAn one‐pot procedure for the synthesis of diprotected amino alcohols from 1,2‐trans‐substituted vinyl aziridines is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Non‐Symmetrical Dialkyl Carbonate Synthesis Promoted by 1‐(3‐Trimethoxysilylpropyl)‐3‐methylimidazolium Chloride.
Authors: Kumar Subodh , Jain Suman L. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA simple, efficient and environmentally benign approach for the synthesis of non‐symmetrical dialkyl carbonates (III) (18 examples) via ionic liquid promoted transesterification of dimethyl carbonate is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: A Straightforward and Highly Diastereoselective Access to Functionalized Monofluorinated Cyclopropanes via a Michael Initiated Ring Closure Reaction.
Authors: Ferrary Thibault , David Emilie , Milanole Gaelle , Besset Tatiana , Jubault Philippe , Pannecoucke Xavier 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA tandem Michael addition/ring closure sequence is developed to yield fluorinated cyclopropanes from a reaction of ammonium salts (I) derived from bromofluoroacetate and DABCO with electron deficient alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Cycloaddition Profile of Pentafulvenes with 3‐Oxidopyrylium Betaine: Experimental and Theoretical Investigations.
Authors: Kuthanapillil Jinesh M. , Nijamudheen A. , Joseph Nayana , Prakash Praveen , Suresh E. , Datta Ayan , Radhakrishnan K. V. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe control of the cycloaddition of the title compounds towards the [6+3] or [3+2] adducts by either organic base or microwave irradiation is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid and Efficient Trifluoromethylation of Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Compounds Using Potassium Trifluoroacetate Enable by a Flow System.
Authors: Chen Mao , Buchwald Stephen L. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis simple, scalable, and efficient protocol represents the first example of a trifluoromethylation conducted under flow conditions using CF3COOK as ‐CF3 source.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation of Aromatic Nitro Compounds — An Unusual Chain Elongation.
Authors: Nemeth Janos , Kiss Arpad , Hell Zoltan 
Published: February 2014

AbstractTreatment of nitro‐substituted acetophenones with alcohols in the presence of catalytic amounts of palladium on magnesium‐lanthanum mixed oxide provides the corresponding aromatic amines and also unexpected chain elongation products.
ChemInform Abstract: Use of Primary Amines for the Selective N‐Alkylation of Anilines by a Reusable Heterogeneous Catalyst.
Authors: Linciano Pasquale , Pizzetti Marianna , Porcheddu Andrea , Taddei Maurizio 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA simple protocol for the Pd‐C mediated oxidation of primary amines to imines followed by aniline addition is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of a Chiral Bis(guanidino)iminophosphorane as an Uncharged Organosuperbase for the Enantioselective Amination of Ketones.
Authors: Takeda Tadahiro , Terada Masahiro 
Published: February 2014

AbstractNewly developed bis(guanidino)iminophosphoranes possess the highest basicity among chiral organocatalysts reported to date.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Cascade Oxidation/sp2 C—H Acylation of Azoarenes with Aryl Methanes.
Authors: Xiong Feng , Qian Cheng , Lin Dongen , Zeng Wei , Lu Xiaoxia 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA Pd‐catalyzed oxidative acylation of azoarenes with aryl methanes by using tBuOOH as oxidant is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: First Palladium‐Catalyzed Denitrated Coupling Reaction of Nitroarenes with Phenols.
Authors: Wang Hailei , Yu Ajuan , Cao Aijuan , Chang Junbiao , Wu Yangjie 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA novel protocol of palladacycle‐catalyzed denitrated coupling of nitroarenes (I) with phenols (II) is described leading to unsymmetrical diaryl ethers (III) (37 examples) in moderate to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: DMAP‐Catalyzed Regel‐Type Direct C‐2 (Hetero)Aroylation of Oxazoles and Thiazoles Derivatives with Acid Chlorides.
Authors: Lassalas Pierrik , Marsais Francis , Hoarau Christophe 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe general and efficient method allows the synthesis of a wide range of 2‐ketoazoles via metal free reaction of oxazoles and thiazoles with acid chlorides.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Pressure Organic Chemistry. Part 38. Efficient Organocatalytic Michael Addition Reaction of β‐Ketoesters under High Pressure.
Authors: Moritaka Maya , Nakano Keiji , Ichikawa Yoshiyasu , Kotsuki Hiyoshizo 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe catalytic activities of four different thioureas using DMAP as co‐catalyst in four solvents are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of Morita—Baylis—Hillman Carbonates with Phosphorus Ylides: Synthesis of Chiral 3‐Substituted 2,4‐Functionalized 1,4‐Pentadienes.
Authors: Lin Aijun , Wang Junying , Mao Haibin , Shi Yan , Mao Zhijie , Zhu Chengjian 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn the presence of a cinchona alkaloid derived tertiary amine catalyst phosphorous ylides (I) undergo efficient asymmetric allylic substitution of O‐Boc protected Morita—Baylis—Hillman products (II) to yield the chiral pentadiene (IV) after reaction of the allylic adducts with formaldehyde.