bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary Patency Time of Basilic Vein Transposition versus Prosthetic Brachioaxillary Access Grafts in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Davoudi Mahdi , Tayebi Pouya , Beheshtian Azadeh 
Published: October 2012

Purpose The aim of this study was to compare the primary patency time of basilic vein transposition and prosthetic brachioaxillary access grafts in hemodialysis patients. Methods In this randomized clinical trial, 60 hemodialysis patients who met the inclusion/exclusion criteria were recruited and randomly assigned to two intervention groups; Basilic vein transpositions (BVT) or Arteriovenous access grafts (AVG). Clinical follow-up for patency of the created accesses in at least one year, was performed at two weeks, one, two, three months and then every three months after surgery. Finally, patency rates and access-related complications were compared in the two groups studied. Results Thirty BVTs and thirty AVG were performed in each group studied. The groups were well matched for age, sex and comorbidity. After at least one year of follow-up, the access failure rate in the BVT and AVG groups was 23.3% and 30%, respectively. In addition, the mean primary patency time in the BVT and AVG groups was 244.13 ± 103.65 and 264.97 ± 149.28, respectively and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups studied (P=.533). The common cause of access failure were thrombosis and infection but there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups (P>.05). Conclusion Our results show that AVG offer similar patency and complication rates to BVT. Thus, authors consider them as the preferred hemodialysis access when there are no suitable forearm veins to create arteriovenous fistulas.
Krishna’s Cows: ISKCON’s Animal Theology and Practice
Authors: King Anna S. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
This article addresses the cultural influence of Hindu reflection on human attitudes toward animal welfare at a time of rapid globalization and worldwide environmental destruction. The hope is that it can contribute to deliberations on practical ethics across religious and cultural boundaries. It considers the extent to which existing Vaishnava resources have the potential to advance new transcultural orientations toward the protection of nonhuman forms of life by exploring what the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), a monotheistic Hindu-related movement, says about the condition, purpose, and rights of animals. It analyzes whether in rejecting anthropocentric worldviews ISKCON is able to contribute to broader theological discussion about the place of animals in the world.
Une chaîne de valeur de la connaissance
Authors: Ermine Jean-Louis , Moradi Mahmoud , Brunel Stéphane 
Published: October 2012

Cet article définit ce qu’est une chaîne de valeur de la connaissance (KVC pour « Knowledge Value Chain »), permettant de gérer les processus de transformation impliquant la connaissance dans une entreprise, afin d’en obtenir la meilleure performance possible. Il propose une définition basée sur la célèbre hiérarchie DIKW (Data, Information, Knowledge, Wisdom), composée de tâches intellectuelles de base. La valeur ajoutée par chaque tâche est expliquée et discutée. La KVC est ainsi interprétée comme un continuum de processus cognitifs à mettre en oeuvre pour enrichir progressivement le capital de connaissances de l’entreprise et générer de la valeur ajoutée.
Mechanism of Phase Propagation During Lithiation in Carbon‐Free Li4Ti5O12 Battery Electrodes
Authors: Kim Chunjoong , Norberg Nick S. , Alexander Caleb T. , Kostecki Robert , Cabana Jordi 
Published: October 2012

AbstractFunctional electrodes for batteries share a common design rule by which high electronic and ionic conductivity pathways must exist throughout the electrode in its pristine state. Notable amounts of conductive carbon additive in the composite electrode are usually included to form an electronically conductive matrix. However, excellent high rate cycling performance has been achieved in electrodes composed of the insulating Li4Ti5O12 without any conductive additives. This behavior opens the possibility of a new paradigm for designing functional electrodes by which high electronic conductivity in the pristine electrode is not required. The mechanism of operation that enables such unexpected electrochemical behavior is evaluated and discussed. Electronically conductive pathways due to the reduction of Ti4+ to Ti3+ form and percolate throughout the Li4Ti5O12 electrode in the early stage of Li insertion, eliminating the need for conductive additives. This work highlights the importance of the mass and charge transport properties of the intermediate states during cycling and of good interparticle ohmic contact in the electrode. This physical behavior can lead to novel system designs with improved battery utilization and energy density.
Evaluation of domestic and Yucatan swine nasal sinus anatomy as models for future sinonasal research of medications delivered by standard instruments used in functional endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Wang Jay Ching Chieh , Hathorn Iain , Habib Al‐Rahim , Chang Estelle , Javer Amin R. 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundThere is a need to find an animal model to study new medications to improve mucosal wound healing after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). Current literature suggests swine as a potential candidate. The lack of information correlating swine computer tomography (CT) and endoscopic sinonasal anatomy prompted us to investigate them in the domestic and Yucatan swine to determine their feasibility as models to test new medications and drug‐embedded stents applied using FESS techniques.MethodsTwo domestic pig heads and 2 Yucatan pig heads were imaged using helical thin slice (1 mm) CT. Two rhinologists analyzed the images and performed endoscopy on the swine. Particular attention was given to accessing the frontal sinus and suturing stents to the nasal septum using standard endoscopic instruments.ResultsCT confirmed that swine sinonasal anatomy is largely similar to human, with all major sinuses present. The middle and inferior turbinates of swine arise from a single uniturbinate. The superior turbinates contain large concha bullosa. Unlike human, swine nasal septum is bone anteriorly and cartilage posteriorly. The frontal sinus ostia, regardless of head size, were consistently around 10 cm from the nasal aperture. On endoscopy, domestic swine frontal sinus ostia were easily accessible for topical medication deposition. Silastic splints can be sutured to the domestic swine septum through the posterior cartilaginous portion, allowing for studies involving medication‐eluting material. The narrower nasal cavity of Yucatan pigs prohibited endoscopic maneuvers.ConclusionDomestic swine, but not Yucatan, are a feasible model for future sinonasal research using standard FESS instruments.
The presentation and clinical significance of sinonasal respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma (REAH)
Authors: Hawley Karen A. , Pabon Sheila , Hoschar Aaron P. , Sindwani Raj 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundSinonasal respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma (REAH) is a benign glandular proliferation with ciliated epithelium. Little is known about REAH, with only a few published case reports appearing since its original description in 1995. Classically described as an isolated polypoid lesion arising from the nasal septum, more recent descriptions also suggest that REAH can occur among nasal polyps. We report the largest experience with REAH to date, and aim to better understand and characterize this unique entity.MethodsIn this case series, all cases of REAH diagnosed between 2006 and 2011 were reviewed. Clinical presentation, histologic and radiographic features, and operative findings were examined.ResultsThere were 45 patients 19 females and 26 males, with a mean age of 55.9 years (range, 23–83). Most cases of REAH (33/45, 73%) were found in association with another pathologic process (sinonasal polyposis, adenoiditis, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia [HHT], inverted papilloma [IP], or malignancy). Of these, REAH occurring among diffuse polyposis (79% of cases) represented the large majority. The average Harvard computed tomography (CT) stage for this cohort was 3.1. The other presentation of REAH (12/45, 27%) was an isolated sinonasal mass. In cases of isolated REAH, the majority of lesions (75%) were noted to be originating in the olfactory clefts.ConclusionIsolated REAH, which may mimic a neoplasm, appears to be a different clinical entity than the more common form encountered in association with nasal polyps and inflammation. Further investigation into the etiology and clinical significance is needed.
Maximal medical therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis: a survey of otolaryngology consultants in the United Kingdom
Authors: Sylvester Deborah Claire , Carr Simon , Nix Paul 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundThe management of chronic rhinosinusitis is based on a trial of “maximal medical therapy” before surgery is considered. Ear‐Nose‐Throat (ENT) UK consultant members were surveyed to determine the role and variability of UK‐wide practices.MethodsA survey was posted to all ENT UK consultant members (n = 603). This assessed the frequency of prescription, duration, and type of oral antibiotics, steroids, and antihistamines for chronic rhinosinusitis.ResultsA total of 158 questionnaires (26.3%) were returned. Of these, 61% were primarily rhinologists. The use of decongestants, antifungals, and immunotherapy was generally limited. Oral antibiotics were often used, with clarithromycin of <5 weeks duration being the preferred choice. Sixty‐one percent of consultants always prescribe a steroid spray, most commonly mometasone furoate (75%).ConclusionAlthough most respondents use triple therapy of oral antibiotics, steroid nasal spray, and saline douching to some extent, “maximal medical therapy” for chronic rhinosinusitis seems to vary greatly among consultants and frequently does not reflect recent guidelines.
Triple‐layer reconstruction technique for large cribriform defects after endoscopic endonasal resection of anterior skull base tumors
Authors: Eloy Jean Anderson , Patel Smruti K. , Shukla Pratik A. , Smith Mickey L. , Choudhry Osamah J. , Liu James K. 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundEndoscopic endonasal transcribriform (EET) resection of anterior skull base (ASB) tumors results in large defects that may extend the entirety of the cribriform plate. Endoscopic repair of these cribriform defects can often be challenging. We describe our reconstruction technique for large ASB defects after EET resection of ASB tumors. This triple‐layer technique is comprised of autologous fascia lata, acellular dermal allograft, and a vascularized pedicled nasoseptal flap (PNSF). The technique is described and postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak rate is evaluated.MethodsRetrospective review over a 2‐year period identified 10 patients who underwent a purely EET approach for resection of ASB tumors. Patients who underwent combined cranionasal approaches and those treated for ASB encephaloceles were excluded from this study. After tumor resection, patients underwent triple‐layer reconstruction using autologous fascia lata inlay, acellular dermal allograft inlay/overlay, followed by a PNSF to reconstruct the cribriform defect. No postoperative lumbar drainage was used.ResultsThe average cribriform defect size was 9.1 (range, 5.0–13.8) cm2. All 10 patients underwent successful reconstruction with a postoperative CSF leak rate of 0% without the use of postoperative lumbar drainage. The mean follow‐up period was 7.4 (range, 2–17) months. The mean age was 45.8 (range, 15–81) years with 30% of the patients being females.ConclusionThe triple‐layer reconstruction technique is effective in reconstructing large ASB defects after endoscopic resection of the cribriform plate. We feel that the use of postoperative lumbar drainage is not necessary when using this repair technique.
Nanotoxicology of common metal oxide based nanomaterials: their ROS‐y and non‐ROS‐y consequences
Authors: Setyawati Magdiel Inggrid , Fang Wanru , Chia Sing Ling , Leong David Tai 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTInorganic nanomaterials form the bulk of the nanomaterials (NMs) found in consumer products that can easily enter into the food chain, biosystems and environment. Because of their sizes and associated material characteristics, many studies have shown a fair degree of toxicity associated with these NMs. This review consolidates and discusses the nanotoxicity of three commonly found inorganic oxide NMs, namely titanium dioxide, zinc oxide and silicon dioxide. Because oxidative stress in the form of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a major mediator of nanotoxicity, we have centered much of our discussion on mechanisms before and after ROS production due to these common NMs. These NMs do exhibit non‐ROS effects, not as well characterized but still biologically important. The physiological transport of NMs and how they intersect with biological mechanisms that finally brought about cell death gave some insights of how these NMs might behave in biological systems and thus illustrate the impact of this new class of materials on human health. © 2012 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Control of Circularly Polarized Luminescence by Using Open‐ and Closed‐Type Binaphthyl Derivatives with the Same Axial Chirality
Authors: Kimoto Takaya , Tajima Nobuo , Fujiki Michiya , Imai Yoshitane 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe solution‐dispersed‐state and polymer‐dispersed‐state circular dichroism (CD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) properties of chiral binaphthyl fluorophores could be controlled by the choice of open‐ or closed‐type substituents on the binaphthyl units and by the axial chirality of the binaphthyls.
Comparison of Linear Quadratic Controllers with Stability Analysis for DC‐DC Boost Converters Under Large Load Range
Authors: Dupont F. H. , Montagner V. F. , Pinheiro J. R. , Pinheiro H. , Oliveira S. V. G. , Péres A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis paper presents four different control design strategies for linear quadratic regulators applied to DC‐DC boost converters operating under large load range, pointing out advantages and drawbacks by means of a performance comparison. Two of the strategies are based on single controllers and the other two use a set of local controllers to cope with the entire load range. The robust stability of the closed‐loop linearized system with the four control strategies is investigated via the existence of a common Lyapunov function, obtained in a fast and efficient way by the solution of linear matrix inequality conditions.
The functional epistasis of 5‐HTTLPR and BDNF Val66Met on emotion processing: a preliminary study
Authors: Outhred Tim , Das Pritha , Dobson‐Stone Carol , Griffiths Kristi , Felmingham Kim L. , Bryant Richard A. , Malhi Gin , Kemp Andrew H. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAn epistatic interaction of 5‐HTTLPR and BDNF Val66Met polymorphisms has been implicated in the structure of rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) and amygdala (AMY): key regions associated with emotion processing. However, a functional epistasis of 5‐HTTLPR and BDNF Val66Met on overt emotion processing has yet to be determined. Twenty‐eight healthy, Caucasian female participants provided saliva samples for genotyping and underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which an emotion processing protocol were presented. Confirming the validity of this protocol, we observed blood oxygen level–dependent (BOLD) activity consistent with fMRI meta‐analyses on emotion processing. Region‐of‐interest analysis of the rACC and AMY revealed main effects of 5‐HTTLPR and BDNF Val66Met, and an interaction of 5‐HTTLPR and BDNF Val66Met. The effect of the BDNF Met66 allele was dependent on 5‐HTTLPR alleles, such that participants with S and Met alleles had the greatest rACC and AMY activation during the presentation of emotional images relative to other genetic groupings. Increased activity in these regions was interpreted as increased reactivity to emotional stimuli, suggesting that those with S and Met alleles are more reactive to emotional stimuli relative to other groups. Although limited by a small sample, this study contributes novel and preliminary findings relating to a functional epistasis of the 5‐HTTLPR and BDNF Val66Met genes in emotion processing and provides guidance on appropriate methods to determine genetic epistasis in fMRI.
A historical perspective: Infection from cadaveric dissection from the 18th to 20th centuries
Authors: Shoja Mohammadali M. , Benninger Brion , Agutter Paul , Loukas Marios , Tubbs R. Shane 
Published: October 2012

AbstractToday, the study of human anatomy utilizing the ultimate study guide, the cadaver, is relatively safe. In the past, however, human dissection was dangerous. Prior to the germ theory, antibiotics, and the use of gloves, cadavers were often life threatening to dissectors including both the teacher and the student. Medical students who graduated in the United States before 1880 were unlikely to practice antisepsis in the dissecting room. In the present article, we review human cadaveric dissection in Europe and the United States primarily from the 1700s to the early 1900s in regard to its potential for transmission of infection to the dissector. A brief account of the infectious hazards of human cadavers in general and those of cadavers used for dissection in particular is given. Clin. Anat. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Release of Gas‐Phase O2 from Ilmenite during Chemical‐Looping Combustion Experiments
Authors: Rydén M. , Linderholm C. , Markström P. , Lyngfelt A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA concentrate of the naturally occurring mineral ilmenite has been found to release small amounts of gas‐phase O2 during chemical‐looping combustion experiments at temperatures in the order of 950 °C. This is unexpected, but the effect has been verified by experiments in two different fluidized‐bed reactor systems. The O2 release is small, resulting in approximately 0.1 vol % O2 in the gas passing through the reactor beds. However, due to the presence of steam as combustion product and as fluidization medium for fuel reactor and loop seals during solid fuel experiments, considerable O2 concentrations could be obtained if analyzed on dry basis. It is suggested that the reason for the experienced O2 release could be the presence of small amounts of manganese in the sample or interactions between said impurities and iron or titanium oxides.
Revealing Non‐covalent Interactions in Molecular Crystals through Their Experimental Electron Densities
Authors: Saleh Gabriele , Gatti Carlo , Lo Presti Leonardo , Contreras‐García Julia 
Published: October 2012

AbstractNon‐covalent interactions (NCI) define the rules underlying crystallisation, self‐assembly and drug–receptor docking processes. A novel NCI descriptor, based on the reduced electron density gradient (RDG), that enables easy visualisation of the zones of the electron density (ED) involved in either the supposedly attractive (dispersive, hydrogen bonding) or allegedly repulsive (steric) intermolecular interactions, was recently developed by Johnson et al. Here, it is applied for the first time to EDs derived from single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data. A computer code handling both experimental and ab initio EDs in the RDG‐NCI perspective was purposely written. Three cases spanning a wide range of NCI classes were analysed: 1) benzene, as the prototype of stacking and weak CH⋅⋅⋅π interactions; 2) austdiol, a heavily functionalised fungal metabolite with a complex hydrogen‐bonding network; 3) two polymorphs of the heteroatom‐rich anti‐ulcer drug famotidine, with van der Waals and hydrogen‐bond contacts between N‐ and S‐containing groups. Even when applied to experimental EDs, the RDG index is a valuable NCI descriptor that can highlight their different nature and strength and provide results of comparable quality to ab initio approaches. Combining the RDG‐NCI study with Bader’s ED approach was a key step forward, as the RDG index can depict inherently delocalised interactions in terms of extended and flat RDG isosurfaces, in contrast to the bond path analysis, which is often bounded to a too localised and possibly discontinuous (yes/no) description. Conversely, the topological tool can provide quantitative insight into the simple, qualitative NCI picture offered by the RDG index. Hopefully, this study may pave the way to a deeper analysis of weak interactions in proteins using structural and ED information from experiment.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermoelectric Properties of the Ru2Ni2Sb12 Ternary Skutterudite.
Authors: Navratil Jiri , Laufek Frantisek , Plechacek Tomas , Drasar Cestmir 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe compounds Ru2‐xNi2+xSb12 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2) are synthesized by solid state reaction of the elements (1050 °C for 48 h and 500 °C for 240 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Diarylating Carbocyclization of Enynes.
Authors: Jiang Min , Jiang Tuo , Baeckvall Jan‐E. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA number of O‐tethered 1,6‐ and 1,7‐enynes undergoes efficient oxidative diarylating cyclization to afford tetrahydrofurans and tetrahydropyrans.
ChemInform Abstract: Immobilized Metalloporphyrins on 3‐Aminopropyl‐Functionalized Silica Support as Heterogeneous Catalysts for Selective Oxidation of Primary and Secondary Alcohols.
Authors: Rahimi Rahmatollah , Ghoreishi Seyyedeh Zahra , Dekamin Mohammad G. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractFe(III), Mn(III) and Co(II) metalloporphyrins immobilized onto 3‐aminopropyl‐functionalized silica are synthesized and evaluated for their catalytic activity in the biomimetic oxidation of primary and secondary benzylic alcohols to corresponding carbonyl compounds (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Substitution of Hydroxy Group of π‐Activated Alcohols with Electron‐Deficient Amines Using Re2O7 Catalyst.
Authors: Das Braja Gopal , Nallagonda Rajender , Ghorai Prasanta 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe title dehydrative coupling method can be applied to allylic, benzylic, and propargylic alcohols under open flask conditions to give the corresponding amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Neutral Nazarov‐Type Cyclization Catalyzed by Palladium(0).
Authors: Shimada Naoyuki , Stewart Craig , Bow William F. , Jolit Anais , Wong Kahoano , Zhou Zhe , Tius Marcus A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe first Pd(0)‐catalyzed Nazarov‐type cyclization of diketoesters is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐Phenylethynylphthalic Anhydride, a Useful End‐Capping Agent for Polyimides.
Authors: Yang Mei‐Jia , Shao Tao , Men Jian , Gao Guo‐Wei , Chen Hua 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA new and improved method for the synthesis of title compound (IV) is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydro‐1H‐inden‐1‐one Derivatives via Ni‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroacylation.
Authors: Yang Fan , Jin Tienan , Yamamoto Yoshinori 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA convenient procedure is developed for the preparation of the target compounds with complete (E) selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: CuI/N,N‐Dimethylglycine‐Catalyzed Synthesis of N‐Aryloxazolidinones from Aryl Bromides.
Authors: Li Jiaojiao , Zhang Yihua , Jiang Yongwen , Ma Dawei 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe catalytic system is optimal for the arylation with bromides.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,2‐Benzisothiazolin‐3‐ones by Ring Transformation of 1,3‐Benzoxathiin‐4‐one 1‐Oxides.
Authors: Shimizu Masao , Shimazaki Teruaki , Yoshida Tetsuya , Ando Wataru , Konakahara Takeo 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA convenient, environmentally benign, and inexpensive method for the synthesis of the title compounds is presented.