bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiometabolic Risk Is Associated With Atherosclerotic Burden and Prognosis: Results From the Partners Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography Registry
Authors: Hulten Edward , Bittencourt Marcio Sommer , O'Leary Daniel , Shah Ravi , Ghoshhajra Brian , Christman Mitalee P. , Montana Philip , Steigner Michael , Truong Quynh A. , Nasir Khurram , Rybicki Frank , Hainer Jon , Brady Thomas J. , Di Carli Marcelo F. , Hoffmann Udo , Abbara Suhny , Blankstein Ron 
Published: October 2013

OBJECTIVE
Our purpose was to evaluate coronary artery disease (CAD) prevalence and prognosis according to cardiometabolic (CM) risk.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Registry of all patients without prior CAD referred for coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Patients were stratified by groups of increasing CM risk factors (hypertension, low HDL, hypertriglyceridemia, obesity, and dysglycemia) as follows: patients without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with fewer than three or with three or more CM risk factors, patients with T2DM not requiring insulin, or those with T2DM requiring insulin. Patients were followed for a primary end point of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) composed of unstable angina, late coronary revascularization, myocardial infarction (MI), and cardiovascular mortality.

RESULTS
Among 1,118 patients (mean age 57 ± 13 years) followed for a mean 3.1 years, there were 21 (1.9%) cardiovascular deaths and 13 (1.2%) MIs. There was a stepwise increase in the prevalence of obstructive CAD with increasing CM risk, from 15% in those without diabetes and fewer than three CM risk factors to as high as 46% in patients with T2DM requiring insulin (P &lt; 0.001). Insulin exposure was associated with the highest adjusted hazard of MACE (hazard ratio 3.29 [95% CI 1.28–8.45], P = 0.01), whereas both T2DM without insulin (1.35, P = 0.3) and three or more CM risk factors without T2DM (1.48, P = 0.3) were associated with a similar rate of MACE.

CONCLUSIONS
Patients without diabetes who have multiple metabolic risk factors have a similar prognosis and burden of CAD as those with T2DM not requiring insulin. Among patients with diabetes, the need for insulin therapy is associated with greater burden of CAD as well as worse prognosis.
Poor Glycemic Control Is a Major Factor in the Overestimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Tsuda Akihiro , Ishimura Eiji , Ohno Yoshiteru , Ichii Mitsuru , Nakatani Shinya , Machida Yuuichi , Mori Katsuhito , Uchida Junji , Fukumoto Shinya , Emoto Masanori , Nakatani Tatsuya , Inaba Masaaki 
Published: October 2013

OBJECTIVE
Serum creatinine levels are lower in diabetic patients compared with their nondiabetic counterparts. Therefore, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is higher in the former than in the latter group. Factors associated with overestimation of renal function in diabetic patients were examined, and new formulae reflecting precise eGFR were created.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Eighty subjects (age 56.5 ± 15.4 years; 35 males [43.8%]; 40 patients with diabetes and 40 nondiabetic subjects) were enrolled. GFR was evaluated by inulin clearance (Cin). eGFR values were calculated based on serum creatinine and/or serum cystatin C levels. The factors related to the dissociation between eGFR and Cin in diabetic patients and the agreement among each of three eGFR and Cin were compared.

RESULTS
Although Cin was not significantly different between the diabetic and nondiabetic subjects (P = 0.2866), each of three eGFR measures from the diabetic patients was significantly higher than that of the nondiabetic subjects (P &lt; 0.01). There were significant and positive correlations between the ratio of each eGFR/Cin, hemoglobin A1c, and glycated albumin. The intraclass correlation coefficients in diabetic patients were weaker than those in the nondiabetic subjects, and the intercepts of the regression lines between each eGFR measure and Cin in the diabetic patients were significantly higher than those of the nondiabetic subjects. New formulae for the calculation of eGFR corrected by the glycemic control indices were better than the original eGFR, particularly in diabetic patients.

CONCLUSIONS
eGFR overestimates Cin as glycemic controls worsen. eGFR corrected by hemoglobin A1c is considered to be clinically useful and feasible.
Methods of determining hip joint centre: their influence on the 3-D kinematics of the hip and knee during the fencing lunge
Authors: Sinclair Jonathan , Bottoms Lindsay 
Published: October 2013

PurposeThe lunge is a fundamental offensive fencing technique, common to all contemporary fencing styles. Therefore, when using 3-D kinematic analysis to quantify lower extremity rotations during the fencing lunge, it is important for researchers to correctly interpret this movement. Locating the centre of the hip is required to accurately quantify hip and knee joint rotations, with three non-invasive techniques using anatomical, functional and projection methods currently available for the estimation of hip joint centre. This study investigated the influence of these three techniques on hip and knee joint kinematics during the fencing lunge.MethodsThree-dimensional kinematics of the lunge were collected from 13 experienced epee fencers using an eight-camera motion capture system. The 3-D kinematics of the lunge were quantified using the three hip joint centre estimation techniques. Repeated measures ANOVAs were used to compare the discrete 3-D kinematic parameters, and intra-class correlations were employed to identify similarity across the 3-D kinematic waveforms from the three techniques.ResultsThe results indicate that whilst the kinematic waveforms were similar (R<sup>2</sup> ≥ 0.96); significant differences in discrete parameters were also evident at both the hip and knee joint in the coronal and transverse planes.ConclusionsIt appears based on these observations that different hip joint centre locations can significantly influence the resultant kinematic parameters and cannot be used interchangeably.
Diabetic Rethinopathy Screening by Bright Lesions Extraction from Fundus Images
Authors: Hanđsková Veronika , Pavlovičova Jarmila , Oravec Miloš , Blaško Radoslav 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Retinal images are nowadays widely used to diagnose many diseases, for example diabetic retinopathy. In our work, we propose the algorithm for the screening application, which identifies the patients with such severe diabetic complication as diabetic retinopathy is, in early phase. In the application we use the patient’s fundus photography without any additional examination by an ophtalmologist. After this screening identification, other examination methods should be considered and the patient’s follow-up by a doctor is necessary. Our application is composed of three principal modules including fundus image preprocessing, feature extraction and feature classification. Image preprocessing module has the role of luminance normalization, contrast enhancement and optical disk masking. Feature extraction module includes two stages: bright lesions candidates localization and candidates feature extraction. We selected 16 statistical and structural features. For feature classification, we use multilayer perceptron (MLP) with one hidden layer. We classify images into two classes. Feature classification efficiency is about 93 percent.
Ohmic Contacts to P–GaN Based on the Single–Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Liday Jozef , Vogrinčič Peter , Vretenár Viliam , Kotlár Mário , Marton Marián , Reháček Vlastimil 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
We have designed and verified a new structure for ohmic contacts to p-GaN, mainly for applications in light emitting devices based on a layer of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and metallic layers of Cr and Au, namely in configuration Au/Cr/SWCNT/p-GaN. The layer of carbon nanotubes was deposited on p-GaN by spraying a solution of synthesized SWCNTs, while the layers of Cr and Au were vapour deposited. The effects of the annealing temperature and time upon the electrical properties of Au/Cr/SWCNT/p-GaN contacts have been studied. It has been found that the contact structure provides a low resistivity ohmic contact after subsequent annealing in N2 ambient at 700 °C for 1 minute.
Semirigid thoracoscopy: an effective method for diagnosing pleural malignancies
Authors: Rozman Ales , Camlek Luka , Kern Izidor , Malovrh Mateja Marc 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Background. Thoracoscopy with a semirigid instrument is a recent technique for diagnosing pleural diseases. The purpose of this study was to report diagnostic yield and complications of the method.
Patients and methods. Patients with pleural effusion of unknown origin and/or pleural irregularities suspicious for pleural malignancy were included after less invasive means of diagnosis had failed. All procedures were performed under local anaesthesia with intravenous sedation/analgesia with a single point of entry with a semirigid thoracoscope (Olympus LTF-160). Data were collected prospectively between 2008 and 2012.
Results. One hundred fifteen thoracoscopies were performed on 111 patients. The median age was 65 years (range 28-86 years), 14.4% were female and 85.6% male. Seventy-three (65.8%) patients had malignant pleural disease (malignant mesothelioma, metastatic cancer) and 38 (34.2%) had benign disease. The sensitivity, negative predictive value, and accuracy of the procedure for malignancy were 96.0%, 93.0%, and 97.4% respectively. Pleurodesis was carried out in 34 patients; in 32 (94.1%) it was assessed as successful after 1 month. There were 24 adverse events: three empyemas/pleural infections, three bronchopleural fistulae after chest tube placement and lung re-expansion, five patients had excessive pain after pleurodesis, six patients had sedation-associated hypotension, and seven patients had self-limited fever after plerodesis. One patient died 11 days after a procedure for advanced carcinoma.
Conclusions. Semirigid thoracoscopy is an accurate and safe method for evaluation of pleural diseases and useful for therapeutic talc pleurodesis.
O Carnaval no Brasil: da origem européia à festa nacional
Authors: Germano Iris 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT- Nowadays, carnival is a festival that represents the Brazilian national identity. As the main popular festival in Brazil, it attracts many tourists from the entire world, who come to experience first-hand the pleasures and delights the country offers : female mulattoes swatying their hips, samba rhytms, and street parades joined by thousands of people in costumes in the middle of richly decorated allegoric floats.
However, the present image of carnival madness hides the long history of carnival in Brazil. It was introduced by the Portuguese during the colonial days and went through numerous transformations before being identified as a national festival only in the 1930s. This article adresses some of the issues concerning the status of national festival in Brazil, the only country where carnivals define nationality.
Les sentences héroïques chez Sophocle
Authors: Cuny Diane 
Published: October 2013

The present paper is a study of the maxims used by the hero in the seven surviving plays of Sophocles according to three different points of view : how these maxims can help to characterize the speaker, their argumentative value, their reception by the audience.
One type of maxims is important for the characterization of the sophoclean hero : the maxims that express the choice for an heroic life. Otherwise, in the other maxims used by the hero, it is the argumentative role that is predominant : the maxims support lines of argument and are employed to convince the interlocutor. Concerning the reception of the maxims, the effect produced is at odds with their heroic contents : the more the maxims express commonplaces of the antic wisdom, the more they meet the assent of the interlocutor ; the more the maxims express the choice for an heroic life, the less the assent of the interlocutor is rare. This discrepancy tells a lot about the difference between our perception of Greek tragedy, where we admire the hero, and that of the audience in Antiquity.
Patients with Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies Associated Vasculitis in Remission Are Hypercoagulable
Authors: Hilhorst Marc , Winckers Kristien , Wilde Benjamin , van Oerle René , ten Cate Hugo , Tervaert Jan Willem Cohen 
Published: October 2013

Objectives.The risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is increased in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) associated vasculitides (AAV) as compared to healthy subjects. The mechanisms underlying this increased occurrence of VTE are not completely understood. We hypothesize that AAV patients in remission are more procoagulant than healthy controls.Methods.Patients with AAV in remission and no VTE for the last 6 months were included. Patients with severe renal impairment (serum creatinine > 250 μmol/l) were excluded. Age and sex matched healthy controls were included. The endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) was determined together with hemostatic variables: fibrinogen, D-dimers, factor VIII (FVIII), tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), protein C, and free protein S.Results.Thirty-one patients were included. In 27 patients not taking anticoagulants, ETP was measured and found to be elevated: 137.1% as compared to a median of 90.0% for healthy controls (p < 0.01). Fibrinogen and D-dimer levels were not elevated in patients (median 3.5 g/l and 279 μg/l, respectively). FVIII and TFPI levels were also significantly increased in patients as compared to healthy controls (159% vs 137%; 122.5% vs 101%, respectively), whereas protein C and free protein S levels were not elevated (126.5% vs 118.6% and 124.6% vs 118.3%, respectively).Conclusion.Patients with AAV in remission are more procoagulant than healthy controls, as indicated by an increased ETP. The increased FVIII level measured in these patients suggests persistence of endothelial activation and/or dysfunction. This endothelial dysfunction may cause a continuous low-grade procoagulant state.
A Systematic Literature Review on the Application of Rasch Analysis in Musculoskeletal Disease — A Special Interest Group Report of OMERACT 11
Authors: Leung Ying-Ying , Png May-Ee , Conaghan Philip , Tennant Alan 
Published: October 2013

Objective.The Rasch measurement model provides robust analysis of the internal construct validity of outcome measures. We reviewed the application of Rasch analysis in musculoskeletal medicine as part of the work leading to discussion in a Special Interest Group in Rasch Analysis at Outcome Measures in Rheumatology 11.Methods.A systematic literature review of SCOPUS and MEDLINE was performed (January 1, 1985, to February 29, 2012. Original research reports in English using “Rasch” or “Item Response Theory” in musculoskeletal diseases were assessed by 2 independent reviewers. The topics of focus and analysis methodology details were recorded.Results.Of 212 articles reviewed, 114 were included. The number of publications rose from 1 in 1991–1992 to 23 in 2011–February 2012. Disease areas included rheumatoid arthritis (28%), osteoarthritis (16.6%), and general musculoskeletal disorders (43%). Sixty-six reports (57.9%) evaluated psychometric properties of existing scales and 35 (30.7%) involved development of new scales. Nine articles (7.9%) were on methodology illustration. Four articles were on item banking and computer adaptive testing. A majority of the articles reported fit statistics, while the basic Rasch model assumption (i.e., unidimensionality) was examined in only 57.2% of the articles. An improvement in reporting qualities with Rasch articles was noted over time. In addition, only 11.4% of the articles provided a transformation table for interval scale measurement in clinical practice.Conclusion.The Rasch model has been increasingly used in rheumatology over the last 2 decades in a wide range of applications. The majority of the articles demonstrated reasonable quality of reporting. Improvements in quality of reporting over time were revealed.
Appropriating modernity: electricity in Mumbai's slums before the financial crisis of 2008
Authors: Lanthier Pierre 
Published: October 2013

S’approprier la modernité : l’électricité dans les bidonvilles de Mumbai (1991-2008) Des grandes réformes économiques de 1991 à la crise financière de 2008, l’Inde a vécu un important développement économique et urbain. Ce pays a eu besoin d’une croissance significative de son énergie, et en particulier de son électricité, étant donné que l’industrie et les classes possédantes ont augmenté leur consommation. Or il en a été de même pour les classes populaires, rurales comme urbaines, qui n’ont pas hésité à recourir au piratage massif de l’électricité, au point de ralentir sérieusement les investissements dans le secteur. Une loi votée en 2003, tout en instituant de nouvelles structures et une réglementation plus poussée dans l’industrie électrique, a cherché à diminuer cette pratique, mais en vain. Les entreprises ont bien pris diverses mesures, cependant elles n’ont guère donné plus de résultats. À partir du cas de Mumbai, nous chercherons à comprendre pourquoi la réglementation a été impuissante à limiter le vol d’énergie dans les bidonvilles 1 .
Foucault et Merleau-Ponty : un dialogue impossible ?
Authors: Sabot Philippe 
Published: October 2013

La relation de Foucault à Merleau-Ponty semble avant tout marquée par les critiques que le premier adresse au profil général de l’analyse phénoménologique dont le second peut apparaître au début des années soixante comme un représentant exemplaire. Nous montrons dans cet article que ces critiques concernent plus précisément la corrélation, établie « archéologiquement », entre les présupposés anthropologiques de la phénoménologie et le développement des sciences humaines. Il apparaît néanmoins qu’en contrepoint de ces critiques, une certaine équivocité définit de manière persistante la relation de Foucault à Merleau-Ponty, notamment en ce qui concerne certaines analyses qu’ils consacrent au statut du corps.
De Husserl à Foucault : la restitution pratique de la phénoménologie
Authors: Depraz Nathalie 
Published: October 2013

Mon objectif dans cette contribution est d’explorer la pratique phénoménologique en jeu au sein même des descriptions de Michel Foucault. Un tel travail dépasse la portée d’un examen unique et ponctuel et supposerait de mobiliser les champs expérientiels multiples qu’a observés et traités Foucault de l’intérieur : la prison, la clinique, la sexualité. Il sera ici circonscrit à ce que je crois être le noyau de la pratique en jeu. Ce que Foucault nomme de son côté « le souci de soi », « la pratique de soi » ou encore « la technique de soi », et c’est ce qui permet de mettre au jour la conception foucaldienne du sujet comme soi. Pour ce faire, je vais parcourir le Cours de 1981-1982 en suivant le fil conducteur des occurrences du thème de l’attention. Pourquoi cela ? Je suis guidée, dans ce parcours, par l’hypothèse selon laquelle l’attention (plus que la réflexion qui est retour sur soi et clôture, donc en définitive objectivante) est, pour la phénoménologie, le nom concret, expérientiel, pratique de l’ épochè , c’est-à-dire de la relation à soi du sujet comme présence à soi. Foucault ne parlant jamais d’ épochè ou de réduction (ni d’ailleurs de réflexion), mais plutôt d’attention, en lien avec le souci de soi, la pratique de soi, ou encore l’exercice, il semble que les concepts méthodiques husserliens, ou toute philosophie réflexive résiduelle, ne peuvent que faire écran à l’intuition immédiate du sens de l’expérience et doivent être évités au profit de termes plus sobres et d’emblée intelligibles comme l’attention, le souci et le soin.
De l'union de l'âme et du corps à l'unité de la sensibilité. L'anthropologie méconnue de L'Esprit des lois
Authors: Spector Céline 
Published: October 2013

Montesquieu n’est pas considéré comme l’un des fondateurs de l’anthropologie entendue comme science de l’homme, mais comme le précurseur de la sociologie. Cette contribution entend discuter ce jugement : la science nouvelle de L’Esprit des lois repose sur une anthropologie de la force, et de l’unité de la sensibilité.
Neptune ou Poséidon : La mise en œuvre dans une agence nationale de la législation européenne et mondiale sur la sécurité maritime
Authors: Gulbrandsen Christer 
Published: October 2013

L’Union européenne (UE) représente sans doute un ordre international qualitativement différent des organisations internationales (OI) intergouvernementales classiques, compte tenu de ses fonctions et de ses capacités plus larges. Dans le présent article, nous comparons l’influence qu’ont l’UE et l’Organisation maritime internationale (OMI) sur trois aspects de la mise en œuvre de la réglementation internationale par une agence nationale : l’application, les priorités stratégiques contradictoires et la façon de faire face au non respect de la réglementation. Les entretiens révèlent que même si l’UE et l’OMI sont plus similaires que prévu, les deux organisations restent tout de même différentes. Tandis que l’application est influencée par différentes fonctions d’accompagnement des deux OI, les puissants mécanismes de contrôle de l’application de l’UE sont susceptibles d’entraver la détection du non respect des obligations et sa capacité à définir les enjeux prioritaires de manière indépendante peut créer de l’animosité chez les agents nationaux à propos du contenu de la réglementation européenne. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens Le présent article présente non seulement les points communs et les différences entre l’UE et l’OMI dans le secteur de la sécurité maritime, mais il permet aussi de déterminer les différents moyens par lesquels différents types d’OI peuvent influencer les processus administratifs nationaux. Notre article devrait intéresser les personnes qui s’occupent de l’élaboration et de la gestion des régimes internationaux étant donné qu’il examine leurs conséquences pratiques possibles.
La répartition et la diffusion mondiales du savoir
Authors: Stehr Nico , Ufer Ulrich 
Published: October 2013

La question centrale soulevée dans notre article est celle-ci : dans quel sens peut-on parler de savoir mondial. S’agit-il du corollaire inévitable et de la marque intellectuelle des sociétés du savoir à l’ère de la mondialisation, ou bien la diffusion de systèmes de savoir répond-elle à une demande mondiale face à des problèmes perçus comme universels ? En quoi la circulation du savoir modifie-t-elle ce dernier et à qui sa mondialisation profite-t-elle ou nuit-elle ? Il importe de distinguer le savoir de l’information pure et simple ; l’ancrage du savoir dans un contexte local est un frein et un obstacle à sa diffusion horizontale et verticale. En outre, la mondialisation du savoir soulève le problème de la propriété du savoir et, s’agissant de la question des droits de propriété intellectuelle, il conviendrait d’examiner d’autres thèses, comme celle de l’autoprotection du savoir. Certaines théories politiques et idéalistes considèrent le savoir comme un bien collectif par excellence. Si les échanges de biens et de services et la révolution de la communication numérique sont perçus comme des vecteurs clés de diffusion, nul ne sait encore s’ils aboutiront à une libre diffusion ou, au contraire, à une concentration. La seconde partie de l’article offre un aperçu des articles présentés dans ce dossier.