bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of the novel wheat-tetraploid Thinopyrum elongatum 4EL small fragment translocation lines with the stripe rust resistance gene Yr4EL
Authors: Gong Biran , Gao Jing , Xie Yangqiu , Zhang Hao , Zhu Wei , Xu Lili , Cheng Yiran , Wang Yi , Zeng Jian , Fan Xing , Sha Lina , Zhang Haiqin , Zhou Yonghong , Wu Dandan , Li Yinghui , kang Houyang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is a devastating wheat disease worldwide. Deployment of disease resistance (R) genes in cultivars is the most effective way to control the disease. The all-stage stripe rust R gene Yr4EL from tetraploid Thinopyrum elongatum was previously introduced into common wheat through the 4D (4E) substitution and T4DS·4EL translocation lines. To further map and utilize Yr4EL, Chinese Spring (CS) mutant pairing homoeologous gene ph1b was used to introduce recombination between chromosomes of 4EL and common wheat by crossing program. Two homozygous small fragment translocation lines T4DS·4DL-4EL and T5AS·5AL-4EL with Yr4EL resistance were selected using molecular markers and confirmed by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and 660K SNP array analyses. The Yr4EL is located about 35 Mb (577.76~612.97 Mb) from the terminal of the chromosome arm 4EL based on the diploid Th. elongatumreference genome. In addition, two competitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) markers were developed and showed co-segregation with Yr4EL, which can facilitate molecular marker-assisted selection in wheat breeding programs. T4DS·4DL-4EL lines were crossed and backcrossed with wheat cultivars SM482 and CM42 to obtain pre-breeding lines with stripe rust resistance and good agronomic traits, showing great potential for wheat breeding. These results will provide new germplasm for wheat stripe rust resistance breeding, as well as provide solid foundation for Yr4EL fine mapping and cloning.
Learning dynamics during clinical handover: A qualitative study among final year students in central region nursing colleges, Malawi
Authors: Nkhoma Lydia , Chirambo Baxter , Lungu Florence , Bvumbwe Thokozani , Mbakaya Balwani Chingatichifwe 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Clinical handover is the transfer of essential information, professional responsibility and authority for care of the patient from one health care provider to another. Clinical handover not only ensures patient safety and continuity of care but also provides learning opportunity for nursing students. Effective learning during clinical handover allows smooth transition of final year nursing students into practice. The aim of the study was to explore the dynamics of learning during handover among final year nursing students in central region nursing colleges.METHODS: A qualitative descriptive phenomenology study was done among final year nursing students in central region nursing colleges in Malawi. Purposive sampling method was used to recruit 15 participants for the study. Data in this study was collected using focus group discussions utilizing a focused group discussion guide. Data analysis was done manually using Colaizzi’s (1978) seven step approach.RESULTS: In this study, effective learning during clinical handover evolved around active involvement of student and teacher, comprehensive content and pedagogical knowledge of the clinical teacher and the conducive learning environment. Teaching strategies like question and answer, discussions and lecture method were among the most utilized teaching methods during handover. Shared knowledge, maximized learning opportunities and diversity were identified as facilitating factors to student learning. However lack of knowledge, poor time management, poor relationships between nurses and students as well as poor attitudes towards handover were among the most attributable barriers to student learning during handover.CONCLUSION: For students to maximize the teaching and learning opportunities that clinical handover offers, interventions like ensuring time management during clinical handover, promoting good work relationships, good clinical handover attendance, improved clinical teacher content/pedagogical knowledge and promoting self-initiated learning among students should be encouraged.
Automated Generation of Structure Datasets for Machine Learning Potentials and Alloys
Authors: Poul Marvin , Huber Liam , Neugebauer Jörg 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

We propose a strategy for generating unbiased and systematically extendable
training data for machine learning interatomic potentials (MLIP) for multicomponent
alloys, called Automated Small SYmmetric Structure Training or ASSYST.
Based on exploring the full space of random crystal structures with space groups,
it facilitates the construction of training sets for MLIPs in an automatic way
without prior knowledge of the material in question. The advantages of this approach
are that only cells consisting of few atoms (~10) are needed for the DFT training set,
and the size and completeness of the data set can be systematically controlled
with very few parameters. We validate that potentials fitted this way can accurately describe
a wide range of binary and ternary phases, random alloys, as well as point and extended defects,
that have not been part of the training set. Finally, we estimate the binary phase diagrams
with good experimental agreement. We demonstrate that the overall excellent performance
is not a coincidence, but a consequence of the extensive sampling in phase space of ASSYST.
Overall, this means that ASSYST will enable the largely autonomous generation of
high-quality DFT reference data and MLIPs.
Contribution of Continuous Professional Development in Enhancing Teachers’ Pedagogical Knowledge of Teaching Mathematics and Science in Rwanda Lower Secondary Schools
Authors: Nyirahabimana Pascasie , Karegeya Claude , Ntihabose Ruth , Uwineza Innocente , Mutarutinya Vedaste , Mushimiyimana Henriette , Nsengimana Venuste , Nzabahimana Joseph 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Teachers' professional knowledge is crucial for quality education. Despite efforts in Rwanda to train teachers in mathematics and science under the Competence-Based Curriculum (CBC), there has been no investigation into the alignment between Continuous Professional Development (CPD) content focusing on the Inquiry-Based Teaching and Learning (IBTL) and actual classroom practices. This study used mixed methods approach with a convergent research design to evaluate the effects of CPD training on the pedagogical knowledge of lower secondary school teachers of maths and science. Data were collected from 32 randomly selected teachers through classroom observations and from 208 teachers via online surveys. Quantitative data were analyzed using the Count If function, and qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Classroom observations revealed that teachers faced challenges in implementing IBTL, such as designing effective assessments, limited time and resources, resistance to change, institutional constraints, lack of ICT skills, and providing individualized attention. Over 65% of teachers struggled to prepare learner-centered lessons according to IBTL principles. Additionally, teachers found it difficult to connect theoretical concepts to real-world applications due to inadequate resources like textbooks, laboratory equipment, and ICT tools. Qualitative findings showed that CPD programs did not significantly improve teachers' abilities to engage students, foster collaboration and communication, promote professional growth, or enhance teaching and assessment methods. Based on these findings, the study recommends ongoing support, monitoring, and evaluation of CPD programs, along with an assessment of teachers' perceptions to address challenges in applying the pedagogical knowledge gained from CPD training.
Associations of Severity of Dry Eye Symptoms and Signs with the Quality of Life in the Dry Eye Assessment and Management (DREAM) Study
Authors: Cheng Ellie , Han Katherine , Chen Yineng , Asbell Penny , Ying Gui-Shuang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose: To assess associations of dry eye disease (DED) severity of symptoms and signs with the quality of life in patients with moderate-to-severe DED.
Methods: At baseline, 6 and 12 months, participants (N=535) were assessed for DED symptoms using Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and signs using conjunctival staining, corneal staining, tear break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer’s testing, meibomian gland dysfunction, and tear osmolarity. Quality of life was evaluated using the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), consisting of Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS). Spearman correlation coefficients (rho) were used to evaluate correlations between the severity of DED and SF-36.
Results: At baseline, Worse DED symptoms indicated by higher OSDI total score were correlated with worse PCS (rho=-0.13, P=0.002) and MCS (rho=-0.09, P=0.03) of SF-36. The worse vision-related function was correlated with a worse PCS score (rho=-0.18, P<0.0001), and worse ocular symptoms were correlated with a worse MCS score (rho=-0.15, P<0.001). More severe DED signs including corneal staining (rho=-0.22, P<0.001), Schirmer test (rho=0.11, P=0.01), TBUT (rho=0.14, P<0.001), and tear osmolarity (rho=-0.12, P=0.02) were correlated with worse PCS score but were not correlated with MCS score (P≥0.39). ln longitudinal analysis, only worsening of ocular symptoms was significantly correlated with worsening of MCS score (rho=-0.09, P=0.04).
Conclusion: In patients with moderate-to-severe DED, there were significant yet weak correlations between dry eye severity of symptoms/signs and physical or mental components of SF-36. Healthcare professionals should offer DED symptom relief and support for the emotional and practical challenges in their daily lives.
Numerical Modeling of Pile Response in Soft Clay under Multidirectional and Cyclic Loading for Floating Wind Turbines
Authors: Soriano Cristian , Thorel Luc , Blanc Matthieu , Jostad Hans Peter 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Floating wind turbines offer a competitive advantage for harvesting renewable energy, particularly in locations with abundant wind resources. Among the critical components of these systems anchoring and mooring systems are required to secure the wind turbines in place. Pile anchors belong to the anchoring solutions currently available for floating wind turbines. Consequently, this study focuses on the behavior of pile anchors installed in soft clay subjected to cyclic loading, including multidirectional forces. To investigate this, a numerical model was developed using OpenSees and calibrated based on existing centrifuge test data. The results demonstrate that combined average and cyclic loads induce the most significant accumulation of permanent pile displacements when compared with two-way cyclic loading. Conversely, load reversals can contribute to a reduction of these displacements. Notably, the study highlights the effectiveness of multidirectional loading in promoting a more balanced distribution of forces on the pile head. This potentially leads to a more uniform utilization of the pile's overall strength capacity, a desirable feature for resisting the complex loading scenarios experienced by floating offshore wind turbines.
Selection of optimum nutrient media for clonal micropropagation of the physalis alkekengi plant and creation of a virus-free plant
Authors: Abrarovna Kadirova Zukhra , Sabirovna Tashmukhamedova Shokhista , Jabborova Dilfuza , Madan Ayush , Shanmugam Saraswathi Tenpattinam , Bukke Sarad Pawar Naik 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Physalis alkekengi is a medicinal plant rich in vitamins, flavonoids, and various bioactive substances. Its productivity is compromised by natural infection with the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), which disrupts physiological processes. This study aimed to establish virus-free plantations of Physalis alkekengi using microcloning techniques.
Methods
Plant explants were cultured on a multicomponent Murashige-Skoog nutrient medium, supplemented with biologically active substances and growth regulators. Specific cultivation conditions, including optimal temperature, pH, humidity, and lighting, were maintained. The effects of nystatin and different concentrations of auxins (6 µM NAA-1-naphthylacetic acid and IBA-indole-3-butyric acid) on plant growth were evaluated. A PCR method with custom primers was developed to detect Ph-TMV at the molecular level. Virus-free plant cuttings were grown in soil under optimized conditions.
Results
The addition of nystatin to the nutrient medium enhanced the growth and development of Physalis alkekengi explants, though higher concentrations of nystatin had a suppressive effect. Optimal root growth and development were observed at an auxin concentration of 6 µM (NAA and IBA). The PCR method effectively detected the presence of TMV, facilitating the identification and elimination of infected plants. Under optimized conditions, virus-free Physalis alkekengi plants were successfully cultivated in soil.
Discussion
This study demonstrated that microcloning, along with precise control of nutrient medium components and environmental conditions, can effectively produce virus-free Physalis alkekengi plants. The beneficial effects of nystatin and auxins in specific concentrations were crucial for optimal plant growth. The PCR detection method proved reliable for identifying TMV-infected plants at the molecular level.
Conclusion
Microcloning, in combination with optimized nutrient media and growth conditions, is an effective strategy for cultivating virus-free Physalis alkekengi plants. This approach has the potential to enhance the productivity and medicinal value of this important plant species.
Proteasome-associated function of UCH37 is evolutionarily conserved in Plasmodium parasites
Authors: Hajisadeghian Mohsen , Geiger Annie M , Smith Cameron , Artavanis-Tsakonas Katerina 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

UCH37/UCHL5 is a conserved ubiquitin hydrolase with dual roles in proteasomal degradation and chromatin remodeling in humans. Its Plasmodium falciparum ortholog, PfUCH37, is essential for parasite viability and possesses both DUB and deneddylating activities. While PfUCH37 is enriched in proteasome preparations, its direct interaction and broader functions in Plasmodium remain unclear, particularly given the absence of INO80 homologs. This study utilizes transgenic parasites and proteomics to identify PfUCH37-associating proteins. We confirm a direct interaction with the proteasome and demonstrate that the interaction mechanism is evolutionarily conserved. Notably, we discover a divergence in localization compared to the human enzyme and identify novel interacting partners, suggesting alternative functions for PfUCH37 in Plasmodium. These findings provide insights into the unique biology of this essential enzyme in malaria parasites, potentially opening avenues for targeted therapeutic interventions.
Nonlinear dynamic behavior and bifurcation evolution of the misalignment-rub-impact combined rotor system
Authors: Zhang Ling-yun , Liu Zhong , Han Xing-guo , Xiong Zhong-gang , Xie Xiong-hui , Wang Shi-jun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The misalignment of the coupling device is one of the most common typical faults in rotating machinery. It is noted that the misalignment of the coupling is the origin of the nonlinear vibration of the rotor system,which is further exacerbated by the combined effects of misalignment and rub-impact. This paper aims to reveal the nonlinear dynamic behavior of the misalignment-rub-impact combined rotor(MRCR) system. The equilibrium equation of MRCR system is derived by Newton’s second law, and the 4th-order Runge-Kutta method is used to solve the nonlinear equation. Moreover, the vibration mode and distribution region of the system presented in the (u,v)-two-parameter plane are obtained, which directly reflects the correlation between the vibration response of the system and the continuous change of important parameters. Furthermore, the maximum rub-impact force and duty cycle 3D cloud maps are employed to characterize the system impact’s intensity and duration ratio. The response characteristics of the system and the evolution process of the bifurcation are analyzed in detail by using two kinds of one-parameter bifurcation diagram, axis orbits, time-domain waveform, FFT spectrum diagram, Poincaré maps section and flow chart. The results indicate that the MRCR system presents complex nonlinear characteristics.In space,the rotor and stator can be in three positions: no contact, intermittent contact and full contact.The grazing bifurcation cause the number of rotor and staor impacts to increase.The misalignment fault has small effect on the dynamic behavior of the rotor system at low rotation speed. The magnitude of the misalignment change the frequency component of the system at medium and high ration speeds, significantly influencing the nonlinear dynamic behavior of the rotor system. This research will be beneficial to the fault diagnosis and design of the system in engineering.
Modular Multi-Rotors: From Quadrotors to Fully-Actuated Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Xu Jiawei , D’Antonio Diego S. , Saldaña David 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Traditional aerial vehicles are constrained to perform specific tasks due to their adhoc designs. Based on modularity, we propose a versatile robot, H-ModQuad, that can adapt to different tasks by increasing its load capacity and actuated degrees of freedom. It is composed of cuboid modules propelled by quadrotors with tilted rotors. We present two families of module designs that bring different actuation characteristics to the system. By configuring multiple modules, H-ModQuad can increase its payload capacity and change its actuated degrees of freedom from 4 to 5 and 6. Using the concept of actua-tion ellipsoids, we find the body frame of an H-ModQuad that maximizes the thrust for hovering. By modeling the actuation capability of the vehicles using wrench polytopes, we examine them against formally defined task requirements. We present the dynamics of the vehicles and integrate control strategies despite vehicle design. The design and model are validated with experiments using actual robots, showing that H-ModQuad vehicles with different configurations provide different actuation properties.
Peach Remnants Management, Phosphorus Application, and Beneficial Microbes are Accountable for Nutrients stress of Nitrogen in Maize Tissues
Authors: . Imran 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The growth, productivity, and seed setting of maize crops are hindered by the nitrogen deficiency, while the peach leftovers increase the availability, concentration, uptake, and efficiency of nitrogen usage in plant tissues.
Methods
Three P levels (50, 75, and 100 kg ha− 1), three peach organic sources (biochar, compost and dry-based residues) and two beneficial microorganisms (PSB and Trichoderma) were treated to determine its impact on N concentration in grain, leaf, stem, stover, and N uptake and N usage efficiency (NUE), Agronomic efficiency (AE), and partial factor productivity of N (PFPN).
Results
Planned mean comparison showed that highest N concentration in tissues enhanced in treated plots as compared to control plots. Among the organic sources peach biochar produced highest grain N content (2.7g kg− 1), leaf N content (1.8g kg− 1), stem N content (2.5g kg− 1), stover N contents (4.3g kg− 1), GNU (12.6kg ha− 1), SNU (33.7kg ha− 1), TNU (46.2kg ha− 1), NUE (28.4%). Soil application of Trichoderma produced higher N content in tissues as compared to PSB. P fertilization is the utmost need of the crop plant and noted that highest grain Ncontent (2.7 g kg− 1), leaf N content (1.7 g kg− 1), stalk N content (2.5 g kg− 1), stover N contents (4.2 g kg− 1), GNU (13.6 kg ha− 1), SNU and TNU by maize (47.0 kg ha− 1) were recorded with 100 kg P ha− 1 application.
Conclusion
Biochar combined with PSB raised the N content in the tissues of the leaves and stems, while biochar combined with trichoderma improved the N content of grains, SNU, and TNU. GNU, SNU, and TNU improved with biochar and 100 kg P ha− 1. Although the addition of 75kg P ha− 1 to either compost or biochar increased NUE, the combination of biochar and 75kg P ha− 1 increased AE and PFPN. The application of Trichoderma treated with 100 kg P ha− 1 to the soil enhanced GNU, SNU, and TNU, according to the interaction between BM x PL.
The current situation and influencing factors of anxiety and depression among parents of children with autism - internal and external factors, which has a more significant impact?
Authors: Han Ting , Zhang Cheng Mian , Liu Xiao Lin , Jin Yan , Song Chao , Wang Ze Peng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective: This study is aimed at examining the prevalence of anxiety and depression among parents of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and identifying potential influencing factors.
Method: A total of 411 children diagnosed with ASD and their parents were enrolled from the Department of Developmental Behavior at the Affiliated Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine between January and July 2022. Data on the mental health (specifically depression and anxiety) of these parents and the severity of ASD symptoms in their children were collected. Multiple linear regression was utilized to analyze the relationships between the mental health of the parents and factors such as psychological resilience (internal), demographic data, and the severity of ASD symptoms (external).
Results: Psychological resilience was identified as the most significant predictor of both depression and anxiety among the parents, surpassing the impacts of demographic variables or the severity of the children's symptoms (p<0.001). Furthermore, gender differences were found to significantly influence anxiety levels (p<0.05), while marital status was shown to have a noticeable impact on depression (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Attention to the mental well-being of parents with ASD children and enhancement of their psychological resilience are suggested to significantly improve the family's quality of life. This support is also indicated to facilitate better societal integration for children with autism.
Numerical analysis of Marriage-Divorce model using new modified Hermite wavelet collocation technique
Authors: R Yeshwanth , S Kumbinarasaiah 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

In the present work, we examine a mathematical model of fractional order that characterizes the ongoing process of marriage and divorce, which significantly impacts individuals’ lives. The model has four state variables delineating the current status of married, divorced, or disturbed couples and the interplay among these states. The system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations of integer and fractional order is numerically solved using the Hermite wavelet collocation method (HWCM). The marriage-divorce model is converted into an algebraic equation system using the fractional derivative operational matrices and the collocation method. Solving these algebraic equations with the Newton-Raphson method involves substituting the approximate values of the generated unknown coefficients. A numerical comparison is made between the current approach ND solver, RK method, and Haar wavelet method (HWM). In addition, we run simulations with different fractional orders and parameter values to show the technique’s efficacy in diverse settings. The outcomes validate the technique’s capability to yield precise results in many settings. Graphs and tables demonstrate the effectiveness and consistency of the developed strategy’s performance. Compared to existing approaches in the literature, the developed Hermite wavelet collocation method is robust and accurate. A mathematical program called Mathematica is used to do numerical calculations. Also, discussed the many parameter how they influence the model and effects on the society.
2020 MSC: 65L05, 65T60, 34A08, 34B16, 34A12, 65L10