bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Not like th’inhabitants o’ th’ earth”: The Queer “Other” in Macbeth
Authors: Catalano Thomas P. 
Published: August 2024

This literature review offers a queer theory analysis of William Shakespeare’s Macbeth. The following questions drove my research: “How do the heteronormative Christian values in Macbeth endorse the traditionalist principles of the English monarchy? How does Christianity place limitations on gender expression in the context of the Renaissance?” An antithetical reflection of the traditional male-female binary, queerness in Macbeth manifests in the weird sisters’ androgynous attributes and Macbeth’s invocation of Hectate before murdering King Duncan; furthermore, queerness is otherized and demonized through its association with states of evil and disorder. The witches’ queerness produces their opposition to divine order. Through their esoteric evil practices, they possess Macbeth into invoking the mythological queen of witches, Hecate, and assassinating King Duncan, the epitome of patriarchal, heteronormative order. In doing so, Macbeth creates a satanic anti-kingdom of which the witches themselves rule through their occult queer evil. Thus, the witches represent the ultimate opposition to the divine monarchy in their state of indeterminate gender expression, which contradicts the Christian cultural norms of the gender dichotomy.
Construction of the X^2 Goodness-of-Fit Test
Authors: Ma Michael 
Published: August 2024

The goal of statistical tests is to use data to learn about the nature of the system from which it is collected. It is an important bridge between raw data and interpreting its meaning/ drawing conclusions from it. One recent use of statistical tests is in COVID-19 tests, where statistics is used to determine the false positive rate of such tests to assess their accuracy. In this paper we will focus on one of the most used statistical tests, the Chi-square test, f irst published by Karl Pearson in 1900 to investigate the ‘deviations from the probable’. We will first discuss the general procedure of hypothesis testing, followed by the construction of an appropriate estimator for statistical models before finally, finding the limiting distribution of the estimator. Using these properties, we will construct the Chi-square distribution and discuss its relevance to hypothesis testing. Python simulations using the Chi-square test will be generated to investigate the effect of multiple variables on its statistical power.
Enhancing Child Safety in Vehicles: Advanced Solutions for Mitigating Injury and Saving Lives
Authors: Li Jonathan Z. 
Published: August 2024

Despite significant advancements in vehicle safety technology, motor vehicle crashes continue to pose a significant risk to child passengers. This paper addresses the persisting issue of inadequate child safety measures in vehicles by proposing innovative solutions to mitigate injuries and save lives. Drawing upon original research and a comprehensive review of existing literature and safety data, this study explores the implementation of adaptive airbag systems tailored to the unique needs of child passengers. The research methodology involves developing a video-based camera that accurately identifies infants, toddlers, and children within vehicles. Experiments and testing regimens determine optimal airbag deployment angles and forces based on passenger height and weight. Additionally, the paper discusses the integration of a system to adjust airbag deployment angles in real time, ensuring maximum protection for child occupants. Consumer insights are essential, prompting a survey to gauge public opinion on current child safety measures and proposed solutions. The survey results highlight widespread concern among respondents regarding the effectiveness of existing safety precautions, particularly airbag systems. Ultimately, this paper presents a holistic approach to enhancing child safety in vehicles, combining original research efforts with insights from existing literature to propose practical solutions. By implementing adaptive airbag systems tailored to the unique needs of child passengers, this study aims to significantly reduce the incidence of injuries and fatalities in motor vehicle crashes, safeguarding the well-being of young passengers for generations to come.
Ideology - Partisanship Alignment and Quality of Democracy: A Correlational Study
Authors: Zhu Hengrui 
Published: August 2024

This paper identifies whether a correlation exists between the extent to which a democracy is programmatic and the quality of its democracy. In order to achieve the objective, the research will: 1. Develop an indicator for the Programmatic Score of democracies. 2. Assess if there exists a significant correlational relationship between the programmatic score of countries and their respective quality of democracy. This paper devises the Programmatic Score of democracies as an indicator of the extent to which voters vote based on their ideology, instead of other factors such as socio- economic and racial status. To achieve objective 1, the paper uses Wave 7 of the World Value Survey to determine the proportion of the voting population that votes for the party and the ideological composition of the voters of the party. To achieve objective 2, the paper determines the quality of democracy to be Freedom House’s Freedom Score of the country, with countries rated 70 or above characterized as democracies.
Large Language Processing Model ChatGPT and its Impact
Authors: He Qiaochu (Echo) 
Published: August 2024

This research paper explores the transformative impact of ChatGPT, a Large Language Processing Model developed by OpenAI, on various facets of contemporary society. Through an extensive examination of academic literature and empirical research, the study delves into the capabilities, applications, limitations, and ethical considerations surrounding ChatGPT in the realms of education, healthcare, and business. In the current world, Artificial Intelligence is playing an increasingly important role in different aspects of human society due to its rapid advancements. One of the classifications for AI is the Large Language Processing Models (LLMs), which are trained to have a massive dataset of text for dialogue with users through chatbots. ChatGPT, developed by the OpenAI company, has demonstrated impressive capabilities as an LLM. Through an analysis of data and research conducted about ChatGPT, we can see that the development of ChatGPT by OpenAI has already created significant impact and controversy in different aspects of human society. This is important because AI is likely to be the most influential technology of our time and will fundamentally change people’s way of life. This paper aims to systematically review literature related to the impacts, and controversies, and discuss areas of future research.
Cardiotoxicity detection tool for breast cancer chemotherapy: a retrospective study
Authors: Alenezi Ahmad , McKiddie Fergus , Nath Mintu , Mayya Ali , Welch Andy 
Published: August 2024

Background
Patients with breast cancer undergoing biological therapy and/or chemotherapy perform multiple radionuclide angiography (RNA) or multigated acquisition (MUGA) scans to assess cardiotoxicity. The association between RNA imaging parameters and left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (LVEF) remains unclear.

Objectives
This study aimed to extract and evaluate the association of several novel imaging biomarkers to detect changes in LVEF in patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy.

Methods
We developed and optimized a novel set of MATLAB routines called the “RNA Toolbox” to extract parameters from RNA images. The code was optimized using various statistical tests (e.g., ANOVA, Bland-Altman, and intraclass correlation tests). We quantitatively analyzed the images to determine the association between these parameters using regression models and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

Results
The code was reproducible and showed good agreement with validated clinical software for the parameters extracted from both packages. The regression model and ROC results were statistically significant in predicting LVEF (R2 = 0.40, P < 0.001) (AUC = 0.78). Some time-based, shape-based, and count-based parameters were significantly associated with post-chemotherapy LVEF (β = 0.09, P < 0.001), LVEF of phase image (β = 4, P = 0.030), approximate entropy (ApEn) (β = 11.6, P = 0.001), ApEn (diastolic and systolic) (β = 39, P = 0.002) and LV systole size (β = 0.03, P = 0.010).

Conclusions
Despite the limited sample size, we observed evidence of associations between several parameters and LVEF. We believe that these parameters will be more beneficial than the current methods for patients undergoing cardiotoxic chemotherapy. Moreover, this approach can aid physicians in evaluating subclinical cardiac changes during chemotherapy, and in understanding the potential benefits of cardioprotective drugs.
Long-term monitoring of Watson's Tree Frog Litoria watsoni and other lotic species of amphibian in the Shoalhaven Local Government Area, New South Wales
Authors: Daly Garry , Craven Philip , Bryant Jeff , Smith Michael , Melrose Rachel , Mahony Michael 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Replicated systematic nocturnal searches were conducted along creeks for the endangered Watson's Tree Frog Litoria watsoni located in heath and woodland at or above 90m AHD on the south coast of New South Wales. Thirteen sites were surveyed in spring from 2001-2023. Breeding activity, including the occurrence of calling males, tadpoles, spawn and amplecting pairs was detected at 12 of the 13 surveyed sites. Within the duration of the surveys the south coast region experienced two major droughts, two wildfires and one year of exceptionally high rainfall. The number of frogs detected per year ranged from 23 to 109, with the lowest number found in 2020, some eight months after a wildfire burnt all sites. Comparisons of the mean number of frogs detected among years revealed the population took 13 years to recover from a wildfire in 2002 and was significantly impacted again by wildfire in 2020. There is evidence that drought that preceded the fires in the summer of 2019-2020 reduced the number of frogs observed prior to the commencement of the fires in late spring 2019. Fire and below average rainfall are implicated in a significant decline in L. watsoni. The number of L. watsoni and several other common species of frog observed differed among and within sites over time and illustrate the value of multi-year monitoring to understand the dynamics of population distribution and abundance with long-term variations in climatic conditions, and the effects of extreme events such as wildfire and flood. The non-endemic yabbie Cherax destructor expanded its distribution since it was initially detected at one site in 2006 and now occurs in the upper laterals of two catchments, having moved above waterfalls.
Breeding by Regent Parrots Polytelis anthopeplus in artificial nest hollows: A solution to a serious conservation problem
Authors: Mawson Peter R , Dawson Rick , Rycken Sam J. E. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
The Regent Parrot Polytelis anthopeplus is a species that is now far less common and widespread than previously recorded. The nominate subspecies Polytelis anthopeplus anthopeplus found in south-west Western Australia is still widespread, but nowhere common, while the other subspecies P. a. monarchoides is listed as Endangered in New South Wales, Victoria, and South Australia. A conservation project conducted in Western Australia to develop a register of artificial nest hollows deployed for target species of black cockatoos Calyptorynchus sp. and Zanda sp. identified the Regent Parrot as being the species that used artificial nest hollows most often after Carnaby's Cockatoo Z. latirostris. In most instances Regent Parrots took advantage of newly deployed artificial hollows within the first 1-2 years of them becoming available. Regent Parrots used 35 of 40 large diameter (375-400 mm), 1.0-1.5 m deep artificial nest hollows at two study sites near Lake King, Western Australia. Of the artificial nest hollows used by Regent Parrots across nine monitored sites, each artificial hollow was used within 1.9±2.93 years of deployment and for an average of 2.3±1.47 years (avg±standard deviation). Individual artificial hollow use ranged from no use through to six years of use. This finding has important implications for the conservation of both subspecies of Regent Parrot.
Comparison of intramuscular haloperidol and other short-acting injectable antipsychotics for management of acute agitation in an adult inpatient psychiatry unit
Authors: Gamcsik Sarah , Adams Katie S. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction
There is no consensus on the optimal antipsychotic for acute agitation. Whereas haloperidol is frequently used and has proven efficacy, second generation antipsychotics show similar efficacy and improved safety and tolerability. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of short-acting intramuscular (IM) haloperidol versus other IM antipsychotics for acute agitation in adults admitted to an inpatient psychiatry unit.

Methods
This was a retrospective medical record review of patients who received 1 or more doses of a short-acting IM antipsychotic, including chlorpromazine, haloperidol, olanzapine, or ziprasidone. The primary endpoint was the need for subsequent IM antipsychotic(s) or physical restraint within 2 hours of the initial IM antipsychotic. Secondary endpoints assessed outcomes at 24 hours and adverse events.

Results
One hundred six patients were included. Four patients in the haloperidol group and 0 patients in the other antipsychotic group received an additional IM antipsychotic or required physical restraints within 2 hours (5.3% versus 0%, p = .319). More patients in the other antipsychotic group required an additional dose of IM antipsychotic within 24 hours compared with the haloperidol group (p = .0096). More adverse events were seen in patients who received haloperidol.

Discussion
Haloperidol was used more frequently than other short-acting IM antipsychotics. Whereas the effectiveness at 2 hours was not significantly different between groups, patients who received haloperidol were more likely to experience adverse events and were more often subjected to polypharmacy with benzodiazepines and/or diphenhydramine. This study further supports the use of olanzapine and ziprasidone for acute agitation in patients hospitalized in inpatient psychiatry.
The Impact of Suppressing the Typical Life Events on the Reminiscence Bump
Authors: Ece Berivan , Gülgöz Sami 
Published: July 2014

SummaryThe aim of the study was to explore the impact of suppressing typical life events on the reminiscence bump in life script and autobiographical memory distributions. With an instruction to exclude typical life events, half of 142 participants older than 45 years (Mage = 51.82, SD = 4.80) reported expected life events and the other half reported autobiographical memories. Age at event, importance, emotional valence, and intensity ratings were reported for each event. The reminiscence bump disappeared in autobiographical memory distribution. In life script distribution, it disappeared for the intervals between 21 and 30 years, whereas it reduced for age intervals 16–20 and 31–35 years. However, these intervals were not significantly different from the preceding and following ones regarding the number of reported events. Characteristics of typical life events and their corresponding lifetime period had a role in the emergence of the reminiscence bump. Results are discussed in terms of multiple accounts of the bump. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Manganese Dioxide‐Mediated Oxidative Coupling of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds with α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones: Direct Access to 3,4‐Dicarbonyl Substituted Furans
Authors: Yue Yuanyuan , Zhang Yuanli , Song Weiwei , Zhang Xin , Liu Jianming , Zhuo Kelei 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAn efficient manganese dioxide‐mediated and highly selective oxidative CH/CH functionalization of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds with α,β‐unsaturated ketones for the construction of tetrasubstituted furans in one step has been demonstrated. This catalytic system converts two CH bonds and CO bonds to CC and CO bonds. This reaction provides a facile and regio‐defined method for the synthesis of 3,4‐dicarbonyl substituted furans.magnified image
Rare functional variants in genome–wide association identified candidate genes for nonsyndromic clefts in the African population
Authors: Butali Azeez , Mossey Peter , Adeyemo Wasiu , Eshete Mekonen , Gaines Lauren , Braimah Ramat , Aregbesola Babatunde , Rigdon Jennifer , Emeka Christian , Olutayo James , Ogunlewe Olugbenga , Ladeinde Akinola , Abate Fikre , Hailu Taye , Mohammed Ibrahim , Gravem Paul , Deribew Milliard , Gesses Mulualem , Adeyemo Adebowale , Marazita Mary , Murray Jeffrey 
Published: July 2014

AbstractNonsyndromic clefts of the lip and palate (NSCLP) are complex genetic traits. Together, they are classified as one of the most common birth defects with a prevalence of 1/700 live births. Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) for nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL[P]) revealed significant association for common single nucleotide polymorphisms near genes involved in craniofacial development i.e., MAFB, PAX7, VAX1, ARHGAP29 (ABCA4 locus), and IRF6. Sequencing of protein coding regions of the NSCL(P) GWAS candidate genes or adjacent genes suggest a role for rare functional variants. Replication studies in the African population did not observe any significant association with the GWAS candidate genes. On the other hand, the role of rare functional variants in GWAS candidate genes has not been evaluated in the African population. We obtained saliva samples from case triads in Nigeria and Ethiopia for Sanger sequencing of the GWAS candidate genes (MAFB, PAX7, VAX1, ARHGAP29, and IRF6) in order to identify rare functional variants. A total of 220 African samples (140 Nigerians and 80 Ethiopians) were sequenced and we found the following new rare variants— p.His165Asn in the MAFB gene, p.Asp428Asn in the PAX7, a splice‐site variant that creates a new donor splice‐site in PAX7. We also found three previously reported missense variants p.Gly466Ser in PAX7; p.Leu913Ser and Arg955His in ARHGAP29. No de novo mutations were found. Future genome‐wide association and sequencing studies should be conducted using samples from Africa in order to identify new molecular genetic factors that contribute to the etiology of NSCLP. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Scalar Aharonov‐Bohm‐type effect induced by Lorentz symmetry breaking effects
Authors: de Lima A. G. , Belich Humberto , Bakke Knut 
Published: July 2014

A possible scenario of the Lorentz symmetry violation is discussed based on the arising of geometric quantum phases yielded by the effects of the Lorentz symmetry violation in the CPT‐even gauge sector of Standard Model Extension. Analogues of the Anandan quantum phase and the scalar Aharonov‐Bohm effect for a neutral particle [J. Anandan, Phys. Lett. A 138, 347 (1989)] are obtained from the parity‐odd sector of the tensor . Moreover, we build quantum holonomies associated with the analogue of the Anandan quantum phase and discuss a possible analogy with the geometric quantum computation [A. Ekert et al., J. Mod. Opt. 47, 2501 (2000)].
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Ultra‐Low‐Field NMR Relaxation and Diffusion Measurements Using an Optical Magnetometer
Authors: Ganssle Paul J. , Shin Hyun D. , Seltzer Scott J. , Bajaj Vikram S. , Ledbetter Micah P. , Budker Dmitry , Knappe Svenja , Kitching John , Pines Alexander 
Published: July 2014

AbstractNuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry and diffusometry are important tools for the characterization of heterogeneous materials and porous media, with applications including medical imaging, food characterization and oil‐well logging. These methods can be extremely effective in applications where high‐resolution NMR is either unnecessary, impractical, or both, as is the case in the emerging field of portable chemical characterization. Here, we present a proof‐of‐concept experiment demonstrating the use of high‐sensitivity optical magnetometers as detectors for ultra‐low‐field NMR relaxation and diffusion measurements.
Versatile poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) films on polydimethylsiloxane substrates having random micro ridges: Study of resistive behaviors of a polymer–polymer laminate
Authors: Mehdi Murtuza , Cho Kyung Ho , Choi Kyung Hyun 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTConductive polymers such as poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) or PEDOT:PSS has become increasingly important in present day organic electronics. PEDOT:PSS being a polymer is more durable than metals used in electronics and thus offers greater mechanical flexibility during operation. This article presents results regarding resistive behaviors of blade coated PEDOT:PSS films on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate having random micro ridges as a function of axial strain and different temperatures. The average resistance of the blade coated PEDOT:PSS films were found to increase by 1.4 times between 35 and 45% axial strain. The resistances of the films were found to change within the temperature range of 25–230°C without any thermal morphological degradations and the polymer–polymer laminate also showed linear thermal actuation behavior. These results suggest that the blade coated PEDOT:PSS films on PDMS substrates with random micro ridges can be potentially useful in versatile applications like stretchable conductors, thermal actuators, thermoelectric generators, and as heating surfaces. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41235.
Excellent biocompatible polymeric membranes prepared via layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly
Authors: Xiang Tao , Wang Rui , Qin Hui , Xiang Hui , Su Bai‐Hai , Zhao Chang‐Sheng 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTExcellent biocompatible polymeric membranes were prepared by combining the antifouling property of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (mPEG) and the anticoagulant property of poly(sodium p‐styrene sulfonate) (PSS). Block copolymers of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether‐b‐poly(sodium p‐styrene sulfonate) (mPEG‐b‐PSS) with different chain lengths were synthesized by ATRP using mPEG macroinitiator. The copolymers were then used to modify polyethersulfone (PES) membrane via layer‐by‐layer (LBL) self‐assembly technology. The chemical compositions, surface morphologies and hydrophilicity of the modified membranes were characterized, indicating that the mPEG‐b‐PSS copolymers were successfully deposited on the membranes surfaces. Then, the blood compatibility and cytocompatibility of the modified membranes were systematically investigated. The results indicated that the mPEG‐b‐PSS copolymers could improve the hydrophilicity and the resistance to protein adsorption, and had great effect on suppressing platelet adhesion, prolonging clotting times, and improving cytocompatibility. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41245.