bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metoprolol oxidation polymorphism in Brazilian elderly cardiac patients
Authors: Neves Daniel Valente , Lanchote Vera Lucia , de Souza Luiz , Hayashida Miyeko , Nogueira Maria Sueli , de Moraes Natália Valadares , Cesarino Evandro José 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to phenotype the CYP2D6 in elderly with heart disease classified as extensive metabolizer or poor metabolizers (PM) of metoprolol, develop and validate the method of analysis of metoprolol tartrate and its metabolite in urine using HPLC, and identify potential correlations between anthropometric factors with metabolic ratios of metoprolol/α-OH metoprolol in urine.

Methods
The sample was composed of 130 elderly individuals with a previously identified type of heart condition, with normal renal and hepatic functions. The urine of all the patients were collected 0–8 h after the administration of a pill of 100 mg of metoprolol to determine concentrations of metoprolol and α-hydroxymetoprolol. Those patients presenting a metabolic ratio greater than 12.6 were phenotyped as PM.

Key findings
The median age of patients was 71.0 years, with a minimum of 60 and maximum of 93 years old. Three patients (2.3%) were phenotyped as PM of metoprolol different from the rate (7–10%) of PM existing in the Caucasian population.

Conclusions
Most of the studied individuals were women, and the proportion of elderly with heart disease classified as PM was smaller than what is usually found among Caucasian populations.
A reappraisal of the genus Leptocylindrus (Bacillariophyta), with the addition of three species and the erection of Tenuicylindrus gen. nov
Authors: Nanjappa Deepak , Kooistra Wiebe H. C. F. , Zingone Adriana 
Published: July 2013

Centric diatoms of the genus Leptocylindrus are common in the marine plankton worldwide. Only two species, L. danicus Cleve and L. minimus Gran, so far clearly belong to this genus, whose diversity has not been fully investigated. We investigated frustule and spore morphology as well as three nuclear‐ and three plastid‐encoded markers of 85 Leptocylindrus strains from the Gulf of Naples, and one from the Atlantic US. The strains grouped into five molecularly distinct species with different levels of morphological differentiation. Two species matched the description of L. danicus and produced similar spores but differed in morphometric characters and sub‐central pore position, supporting the description of L. hargravesii Nanjappa and Zingone as a distinct species. Leptocylindrus danicus var. apora French III and Hargraves, lacking a sub‐central pore and not forming spores, was raised to the species level as L. aporus (French III and Hargraves) Nanjappa and Zingone. A fourth species with convex valves was described as L. convexus Nanjappa and Zingone. The fifth species matched the description of L. belgicus Meunier, considered as synonym of L. minimus. However, ultrastructural differences from all other Leptocylindrus supported the erection of the genus Tenuicylindrus Nanjappa and Zingone with T. belgicus (Meunier) Nanjappa and Zingone as type species. None of the sequences matched the L. minimus sequence in GenBank. The species analyzed showed different or partially overlapping seasonal distributions. Despite the addition of the new taxa, the ancient diatom lineage of the Leptocylindraceae shows a relative species poorness and considerable morphological stasis.
A new potentially toxic Azadinium species (Dinophyceae) from the Mediterranean Sea, A. dexteroporum sp. nov.
Authors: Percopo Isabella , Siano Raffaele , Rossi Rachele , Soprano Vittorio , Sarno Diana , Zingone Adriana 
Published: July 2013

A new photosynthetic planktonic marine dinoflagellate, Azadinium dexteroporum sp. nov., is described from the Gulf of Naples (South Tyrrhenian Sea, Mediterranean Sea). The plate formula of the species, Po, cp, X, 4′, 3a, 6″, 6C, 5?S, 6‴ and 2″″, is typical for this recently described genus. Azadinium dexteroporum is the smallest rep‐resentative of the genus (8.5 μm average length, 6.2 μm average width) and shares the presence of a small antapical spine with the type species A. spinosum and with A. polongum. However, it differs from all other Azadinium species for the markedly asymmetrical Po plate and the position of the ventral pore, which is located at the right posterior end of the Po plate. Another peculiarity of A. dexteroporum is the pronounced concavity of the second intercalary plate (2a), which appears collapsed with respect to the other plates. Phylogenetic analyses based on the large subunit 28S rDNA (D1/D2) and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS rDNA) support the attribution of A. dexteroporum to the genus Azadinium and its separation from the other known species. LC/MS‐TOF analysis shows that Azadinium dex‐teroporum produces azaspiracids in low amounts. Some of them have the same molecular weight as known compounds such as azaspiracid‐3 and ‐7 and Compound 3 from Amphidoma languida, as well as similar fragmentation patterns in some cases. This is the first finding of a species producing azapiracids in the Mediterranean Sea.
Two Case Presentations of Profound Labial Edema as a Presenting Symptom of Hypermobility-Type Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome
Authors: Krapf Jill M. , Goldstein Andrew T. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Hypermobility-type Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (EDS), an often-missed diagnosis with the potential for serious sequelae, may have a variety of uncommon presentations, some of which may be gynecologic.

Aim
The aim of this case report is to present two cases of profound labial edema associated with intercourse as a presenting symptom of hypermobility-type EDS.

Methods
A 25-year-old female presented with severe labia minora swelling and bladder pressure associated with intercourse, in addition to persistent genital arousal. History revealed easy bruising, joint pain, and family history of aneurysm. A 22-year-old female presented with intermittent profound labial swelling for 6 years, associated with sensitivity and pain with intercourse. The patient has a history of joint pain and easy bruising, as well a sister with joint hypermobility and unexplained lymphedema. The presenting symptom of profound labial edema led to the diagnosis of hypermobility-type EDS.

Results
Patients with hypermobility syndrome exhibit an increased ratio of type III collagen to type I collagen, causing tissue laxity and venous insufficiency. Abnormal collagen may lead to gynecologic manifestations, including unexplained profound labial edema, pelvic organ prolapse in the absence of risk factors, and possibly persistent genital arousal.

Conclusions
This case report highlights the need for further research to determine incidence of labial edema in hypermobility-type EDS and to further elucidate a potential correlation between profound labial edema and collagen disorders.
Secondary Provoked Vestibulodynia in Sexually Active Women with Uncomplicated Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Salonia Andrea , Clementi Maria Chiara , Graziottin Alessandra , Nappi Rossella E. , Castiglione Fabio , Ferrari Matteo , Capitanio Umberto , Damiano Rocco , Montorsi Francesco 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Uncomplicated recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs) associated with uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are common among healthy, reproductive-aged women. Provoked vestibulodynia (PVD) is a major reason of sexual pain in premenopausal women.

Aim
The aim of this paper is to assess prevalence and predictors of secondary PVD in a cohort of Caucasian–European, heterosexual, sexually active, reproductive-aged women seeking medical help for rUTIs as their primary complaint.

Methods
Clinical and psychometric variables for 60 consecutive patients with rUTIs were considered. Patients were assessed with a thorough medical and sexual history, a number of psychometric instruments, and a specific physical examination. Urinalysis and self-collected urine cultures from the previous 12 months were also examined.

Main Outcome Measure
Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were used to test the associations between secondary PVD and sociodemographic and clinical variables.

Results
Mean age was 34.2 years (median 33 years; range 21–42). Secondary PVD was found in 36 of 60 patients (60%). Women with PVD had a higher prevalence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) over the previous 12 months (χ2: 4.54; P =0.03) and suffered more frequently from UPEC-related rUTIs (χ2: 5.92; P =0.01) than those without PVD. Moreover, women with PVD showed significantly lower scores on Female Sexual Function Index domains (all P ≤0.01), as compared with PVD-negative women. UPEC-related rUTIs (odds ratio [OR]: 3.1; P =0.01), six or more UTIs over the previous 12 months (OR: 2.8; P =0.01), and treatment with three or more antibiotics throughout the same period (OR: 2.1; P =0.04) emerged as independent predictors of PVD.

Conclusions
Three of five Caucasian–European, heterosexual, sexually active women of reproductive age complaining of rUTIs as their primary disorder also suffer from secondary PVD. Uncomplicated UPEC-related rUTIs are more frequently associated with secondary PVD than are UTIs caused by different uropathogens.
Effects of Expressive Writing on Sexual Dysfunction, Depression, and PTSD in Women with a History of Childhood Sexual Abuse: Results from a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Meston Cindy M. , Lorenz Tierney A. , Stephenson Kyle R. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Women with a history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) have high rates of depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and sexual problems in adulthood.

Aim
We tested an expressive writing-based intervention for its effects on psychopathology, sexual function, satisfaction, and distress in women who have a history of CSA.

Methods
Seventy women with CSA histories completed five 30-minute sessions of expressive writing, either with a trauma focus or a sexual schema focus.

Main Outcome Measures
Validated self-report measures of psychopathology and sexual function were conducted at posttreatment: 2 weeks, 1 month, and 6 months.

Results
Women in both writing interventions exhibited improved symptoms of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Women who were instructed to write about the impact of the abuse on their sexual schema were significantly more likely to recover from sexual dysfunction.

Conclusions
Expressive writing may improve depressive and PTSD symptoms in women with CSA histories. Sexual schema-focused expressive writing in particular appears to improve sexual problems, especially for depressed women with CSA histories. Both treatments are accessible, cost-effective, and acceptable to patients.
BPH/LUTS and ED: Common Pharmacological Pathways for a Common Treatment
Authors: Fusco Ferdinando , D'Anzeo Gianluca , Sessa Aurelio , Pace Gianna , Rossi Andrea , Capece Marco , d'Emmanuele di Villa Bianca Roberta 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction and Aim
This article reviews the current literature on common physiopathogenetic factors and pharmacological pathways of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and erectile dysfunction (ED) in men and their implications for diagnosis and treatment.

Main Outcome Measures and Methods
A literature search was conducted to identify original articles, reviews, editorials, and international scientific congress abstracts by combining the following terms: lower urinary tract symptoms, erectile dysfunction and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (and their abbreviations LUTS, ED and PDE5-Is).

Results
We identified manuscripts presenting: (i) The existence of several newly discovered common pathophysiological mechanisms of LUTS and ED indicating that PDE5-Is might represent an alternative to current treatments of men with LUTS (e.g., α1-adrenergic blockers and 5α-reductase inhibitors); (ii) Randomized controlled clinical trials have shown that treatment with PDE5-Is is associated with improvements in both LUTS and ED in men with significant problems in both areas.

Conclusion
The presence of common pathophysiological mechanisms between LUTS and ED seems well recognized and needs further exploration. Further comparisons between different PDE5-Is would be useful to determine the most appropriate regimen and their efficacy to safety ratio.
Effect of Lupinus (Lupinus albus) and Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) Protein Concentrates on Wheat Dough Texture and Bread Quality: Optimization by a D‐Optimal Mixture Design
Authors: Totosaus Alfonso , López Hugo , Güemes‐Vera Norma 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe effect of Lupinus and Jatropha protein concentrates (PC) in dough rheology and white bread texture was determined by a d‐optimal mixture design approach. Incorporation of Lupinus PC decreased dough texture profile analysis cohesiveness and increased hardness and resilience. Dough adhesion force, adhesiveness and stringiness decreased with the incorporation of PC, reducing dough extensibility as well (with no effect on maximum resistance and extension work). Lupinus affected markedly dough textural and rheological properties than Jatropha PC. In bread formulation optimization, the use of Lupinus PC (12%) and Jatropha PC (12%) and Lupinus/Jatropha protein isolate (6.4/6.4%) resulting in a tougher bread texture and lower weight and volume. Nonetheless, no difference in specific volume indicated different bread crumb development. Crumb quality resulted more affected with Lupinus PC than with Jatropha‐containing samples. Jatropha PC use in baked food seems to be promising since there was no major effect on bread quality.Practical ApplicationsLegumes represent an alternative resource for bread fortification. These PC had an effect on dough texture and rheology as well on bread texture and crumb quality. Although Lupinus PC, a more studied seed, seems to have a detrimental effect, its combination with Jatropha PC enhanced dough and bread textural properties. Nonetheless, Jatropha PC has a better performance to fortify white bread with no textural detrimental effects, as compared with Lupinus PC. Although Jatropha has not been extensively employed in baking, its functional properties in this kind of food systems seem promising since the use of Jatropha PC caused no major effect on bread quality.
Coat Color Genotypes and Risk and Severity of Melanoma in Gray Quarter Horses
Authors: Teixeira R.B.C. , Rendahl A.K. , Anderson S.M. , Mickelson J.R. , Sigler D. , Buchanan B.R. , Coleman R.J. , McCue M.E. 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundBoth graying and melanoma formation in horses have recently been linked to a duplication in the STX17 gene. This duplication, as well as a mutation in the ASIP gene that increases MC1R pathway signaling, affects melanoma risk and severity in gray horses.ObjectiveTo determine if melanoma susceptibility in gray Quarter Horses (QH) is lower than gray horses from other breeds because of decreased MC1R signaling resulting from a high incidence of the MC1R chestnut coat color allele in the QH population.AnimalsA total of 335 gray QH with and without dermal melanomas.MethodsBlood or hair root samples were collected from all horses for DNA extraction and genotyping for STX17, ASIP, and MC1R genotypes. Age, sex, and external melanoma presence and grade were recorded. The effect of age and genotype on melanoma presence and severity was evaluated by candidate gene association.ResultsMelanoma prevalence (16%) and grade (0.35) in this QH cohort was lower than that reported in other breeds. Age was significantly associated with melanoma prevalence (P = 5.28 × 10−11) and severity (P = 2.2 × 10−13). No significant effect of MC1R genotype on melanoma prevalence or severity was identified. An effect of ASIP genotype on melanoma risk was not detected. Low STX17 homozygosity precluded evaluation of the gray allele effect.Conclusion and clinical importanceMelanoma prevalence and severity is lower in this population of gray QH than what is reported in other breeds. This could be because of the infrequent STX17 homozygosity, a mitigating effect of the MC1R mutation on ASIP potentiation of melanoma, other genes in the MC1R signaling pathway, or differences in breed genetic background.
Markers of Coagulation Activation, Endothelial Stimulation, and Inflammation in Dogs with Babesiosis
Authors: Barić Rafaj R. , Kuleš J. , Selanec J. , Vrkić N. , Zovko V. , Zupančič M. , Trampuš Bakija A. , Matijatko V. , Crnogaj M. , Mrljak V. 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundBabesia infections in dogs can result in a wide range of clinical and laboratory presentations, including coagulopathy. Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) in dogs with babesiosis is unknown.ObjectivesWhether inflammation in babesiosis triggers activation of ICAM‐1 and the coagulation system.AnimalsTwelve and 10 dogs with naturally occurring babesiosis before and after antiparasitic treatment, respectively, were compared with 10 healthy dogs.MethodsIn this prospective study, diagnosis was made by blood smear examination and confirmed by PCR. C‐reactive protein (CRP), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM‐1), and von Willebrand factor (vWF) levels were measured by a canine ELISA kit, fibrinogen (FIB) and factor VIII activity levels were measured by coagulometric methods, and blood cell counts (WBC, RBC, PLT) were determined with an automatic analyzer.ResultsCompared to healthy dogs, the CRP, sICAM‐1, and FIB concentrations were significantly increased before therapy and remained high for 3 days after therapy in dogs with babesiosis. vWF activity was significantly decreased in dogs with babesiosis before treatment. FVIII activity did not differ between dogs with babesiosis and healthy dogs. WBC; RBC and PLT were significantly lower before treatment and normalized by 3 days after treatment.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceA proinflammatory condition in babesiosis appears to influence endothelial dysfunction and hemostatic activity. Although clearly beneficial for the parasite, sequestered blood cells can obstruct blood flow in small vessels, promote an inflammatory state, and could increase the severity of babesiosis.
The Relationship of Serum Cobalamin to Methylmalonic Acid Concentrations and Clinical Variables in Cats
Authors: Worhunsky P. , Toulza O. , Rishniw M. , Berghoff N. , Ruaux C.G. , Steiner J.M. , Simpson K.W. 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundSerum cobalamin concentration [CBL] suggests CBL deficiency in cats but serum methylmalonic acid concentration [MMA] more accurately indicates CBL deficiency.ObjectiveTo examine the ability of [CBL] to predict CBL deficiency defined by increased [MMA], and relationships of [CBL] and [MMA] with select clinical and clinicopathological variables.AnimalsOne hundred sixty‐three client‐owned cats with [CBL] measurements, 114 cats with simultaneous [MMA] measurements; 88 cats with medical information.MethodsProspectively collected [CBL] and [MMA] were compared using scatter plots, receiver operating characteristic and correlative analyses with historical [CBL] thresholds and those identified in the study. [CBL] and [MMA] were compared retrospectively to specific clinical and clinicopathological variables.Results[CBL] correlated negatively with [MMA] (τ = −0.334, P < .0001). [MMA] ≥ 1,343 nmol/L identified CBL deficiency. [CBL] = 209 pg/mL optimized sensitivity (0.51), specificity (0.96), PPV (0.89), and NPV (0.74) for detecting [MMA] ≥ 1,343 nmol/L. Prevalence of CBL deficiency was 42% (48/114) when defined by [MMA] ≥ 1,343 nmol/L versus 23% (27/114) by [CBL] ≤ 209 pg/mL. Unexpectedly, 23 and 45% of 48 cats with [MMA] ≥ 1,343 nmol/L had [CBL] > 900 pg/mL and 290 pg/mL (historical thresholds). [CBL] correlated with mean corpuscular volume (τ = −0.199, P = .013) and [MMA] with hematocrit (τ = −0.28, P = .006).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCobalamin deficiency ([MMA] ≥ 1,343 nmol/L) occurred in 42% of cats and is predicted with high specificity by [CBL] ≤ 209 pg/mL. CBL status correlates with microcytosis and anemia. Discordance between [CBL] and [MMA] cautions against relying on any single marker for determining CBL status.
Identification of candidate biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma in plasma of HCV‐infected cirrhotic patients by 2‐D DIGE
Authors: Ferrín Gustavo , Ranchal Isidora , Llamoza Camilo , Rodríguez‐Perálvarez Manuel L. , Romero‐Ruiz Antonio , Aguilar‐Melero Patricia , López‐Cillero Pedro , Briceño Javier , Muntané Jordi , Montero‐Álvarez José L. , De la Mata Manuel 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe current methods available for screening and detecting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have insufficient sensitivity and specificity, and only a low percentage of diagnosis of small tumours is based on these assays. Because HCC is usually asymptomatic at potentially curative stages, identification of biomarkers for the early detection of HCC is essential to improve patient survival.AimThe aim of this study was to identify candidate markers for HCC development in the plasma from hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐infected cirrhotic patients.MethodsWe compared protein expression profiles of plasma samples from HCV‐infected cirrhotic patients with and without HCC, using two‐dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2‐D DIGE) coupled with MALDI‐TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. The 2‐D DIGE results were analysed statistically using Decyder™ software, and verified by western blot and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsIn the plasma of HCV‐infected HCC patients, we observed decreased expression of complement component 9, ficolin‐3 (FCN3), serum amyloid P component (SAP), fibrinogen‐gamma and immunoglobulin gamma‐1 chain, and increased expression of vitronectin (VTN) and galectin‐3 binding protein (G3BP) by DIGE analysis. ELISA confirmed DIGE results for VTN and G3BP but not for SAP or FCN3 in a larger patient population.ConclusionsThe proteins VTN and SAP are candidate biomarkers for HCC development in HCV‐infected cirrhotic patients.
The Plasmodium translocon of exported proteins (PTEX) component thioredoxin‐2 is important for maintaining normal blood‐stage growth
Authors: Matthews Kathryn , Kalanon Ming , Chisholm Scott A. , Sturm Angelika , Goodman Christopher D. , Dixon Matthew W. A. , Sanders Paul R. , Nebl Thomas , Fraser Fiona , Haase Silvia , McFadden Geoffrey I. , Gilson Paul R. , Crabb Brendan S. , de Koning‐Ward Tania F. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryPlasmodium parasites remodel their vertebrate host cells by translocating hundreds of proteins across an encasing membrane into the host cell cytosol via a putative export machinery termed PTEX. Previously PTEX150, HSP101 and EXP2 have been shown to be bona fide members of PTEX. Here we validate that PTEX88 and TRX2 are also genuine members of PTEX and provide evidence that expression of PTEX components are also expressed in early gametocytes, mosquito and liver stages, consistent with observations that protein export is not restricted to asexual stages. Although amenable to genetic tagging, HSP101, PTEX150, EXP2 and PTEX88 could not be genetically deleted in Plasmodium berghei, in keeping with the obligatory role this complex is postulated to have in maintaining normal blood‐stage growth. In contrast, the putative thioredoxin‐like protein TRX2 could be deleted, with knockout parasites displaying reduced grow‐rates, both in vivo and in vitro, and reduced capacity to cause severe disease in a cerebral malaria model. Thus, while not essential for parasite survival, TRX2 may help to optimize PTEX activity. Importantly, the generation of TRX2 knockout parasites that display altered phenotypes provides a much‐needed tool to dissect PTEX function.