bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Viewing relational aggression through multiple lenses: Temperament, personality, and personality pathology
Authors: Tackett Jennifer L. , Kushner Shauna C. , Herzhoff Kathrin , Smack Avante J. , Reardon Kathleen W. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDispositional trait frameworks offer great potential to elucidate the nature and development of psychopathology, including the construct of relational aggression. The present study sought to explore the dispositional context of relational aggression across three dispositional frameworks: temperament, personality, and personality pathology. Participants comprised a large community sample of youth, aged 6 to 18 years (N= 1,188; 51.2% female). Ratings of children's relational aggression, temperament, personality, and personality pathology traits were obtained through parent report (86.3% mothers). Results showed convergence and divergence across these three dispositional frameworks. Like other antisocial behavior subtypes, relational aggression generally showed connections with traits reflecting negative emotionality and poor self-regulation. Relational aggression showed stronger connections with temperament traits than with personality traits, suggesting that temperament frameworks may capture more relationally aggressive content. Findings at the lower order trait level help differentiate relational aggression from other externalizing problems by providing a more nuanced perspective (e.g., both sociabilityandshyness positively predicted relational aggression). In addition, there was little evidence of moderation of these associations by gender, age, or age2, and findings remained robust even after controlling for physical aggression. Results are discussed in the broader context of conceptualizing relational aggression in an overarching personality-psychopathology framework.
Conservation of animal genetic resources: approaches and technologies forin situandex situconservation
Authors: Woolliams J.A. , Matika O. , Pattison J. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryLivestock production faces major challenges through the coincidence of major drivers of change, some with conflicting directions. These are:1. An unprecedented global change in demands for traditional livestock products such as meat, milk and eggs.2. Large changes in the demographic and regional distribution of these demands.3. The need to reduce poverty in rural communities by providing sustainable livelihoods.4. The possible emergence of new agricultural outputs such as bio-fuels making a significant impact upon traditional production systems.5. A growing awareness of the need to reduce the environmental impact of livestock production.6. The uncertainty in the scale and impact of climate change. This paper explores these challenges from a scientific perspective in the face of the large-scale and selective erosion of our animal genetic resources, and concludes thai there is a stronger and more urgent need than ever before to secure the livestock genetic resources available to humankind through a comprehensive global conservation programme.
Discretion in the accounting for defined benefit obligations – an empirical analysis of German IFRS statements
Authors: SALEWSKI MARCUS , ZÜLCH HENNING 
Published: July 2014

AbstractFollowing the research approach of Hannet al.(2007), this study investigates how discretion in the determination of the defined benefit obligation (DBO) is perceived by investors using a sample of listed German companies in the period of 2005–2011. For this, actuarial assumptions – discount interest rates, compensation growth rate and projected future pension increases – are replaced by their respective industry medians to obtain that component of the DBO, which can be attributed to discretion. We find that the discretionary component is not value relevant in overall terms, which is in contrast to prior research. We provide an explanation in the country-specific characteristics of Germany. Furthermore, we find weak evidence that the discretionary component is incorporated in investor's equity valuations when pension plans are distinctly underfunded.
On a bivariate risk process with a dividend barrier strategy
Authors: Liu Luyin , Cheung Eric C. K. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we study a continuous-time bivariate risk process in which each individual line of business implements a dividend barrier strategy. The insurance portfolios of the two insurers are correlated as they are subject to common shocks that induce dependent claims. To analyse the expected discounted dividends until the joint ruin time of the bivariate process (i.e. exit from the positive quadrant), we propose a discrete-time counterpart of the model and apply a bivariate extension of the Dickson−Waters discretisation with the use of a bivariate Panjer-type recursion. Detailed numerical examples under different dependencies via common shocks, copulas and proportional reinsurance are discussed, and applications to optimal problems in reinsurance, capital allocation and dividends are given. It is also illustrated that the optimal pair of dividend barriers maximising the dividend function is dependent on the initial surplus levels. A modified type of dividend barrier strategy is proposed towards the end.
Erratum: Microbial ecology of an Antarctic hypersaline lake: genomic assessment of ecophysiology among dominant haloarchaea
Authors: Williams Timothy J , Allen Michelle A , DeMaere Matthew Z , Kyrpides Nikos C , Tringe Susannah G , Woyke Tanja , Cavicchioli Ricardo 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Correction to: The ISME Journal (2014) 8, 1645–1658; doi:10.1038/ismej.2014.18; published online 20 February 2014 Since the publication of this article, the authors have noticed an error in Supplementary Table S2. The correct table is shown below. The error has now been rectified, and the correct Supplementary Information accompanies the online version of the original article.
Erratum: A novel approach, based on BLSOMs (Batch Learning Self-Organizing Maps), to the microbiome analysis of ticks
Authors: Nakao Ryo , Abe Takashi , Nijhof Ard M , Yamamoto Seigo , Jongejan Frans , Ikemura Toshimichi , Sugimoto Chihiro 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Correction to: The ISME Journal (2013) 7, 1003–1015; doi:10.1038/ismej.2012.171; published online 10 January 2013 Since the publication of this article, it has come to the attention of the authors that there were errors contained within the ‘Results’ and the ‘Discussion’ sections, namely that sequencing data derived from two tick species (IO and IP) were incorrectly transposed.
Suppressing subordinate reproduction provides benefits to dominants in cooperative societies of meerkats
Authors: Bell M. B. V. , Cant M. A. , Borgeaud C. , Thavarajah N. , Samson J. , Clutton-Brock T. H. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn many animal societies, a small proportion of dominant females monopolize reproduction by actively suppressing subordinates. Theory assumes that this is because subordinate reproduction depresses the fitness of dominants, yet the effect of subordinate reproduction on dominant behaviour and reproductive success has never been directly assessed. Here, we describe the consequences of experimentally preventing subordinate breeding in 12 groups of wild meerkats (Suricata suricatta) for three breeding attempts, using contraceptive injections. When subordinates are prevented from breeding, dominants are less aggressive towards subordinates and evict them less often, leading to a higher ratio of helpers to dependent pups, and increased provisioning of the dominant’s pups by subordinate females. When subordinate breeding is suppressed, dominants also show improved foraging efficiency, gain more weight during pregnancy and produce heavier pups, which grow faster. These results confirm the benefits of suppression to dominants, and help explain the evolution of singular breeding in vertebrate societies.
Developing Hypothetical Inhibition Mechanism of Novel Urea Transporter B Inhibitor
Authors: Li Min , Tou Weng Ieong , Zhou Hong , Li Fei , Ren Huiwen , Chen Calvin Yu-Chian , Yang Baoxue 
Published: July 2014

AbstractUrea transporter B (UT-B) is a membrane channel protein that specifically transports urea. UT-B null mouse exhibited urea selective urine concentrating ability deficiency, which suggests the potential clinical applications of the UT-B inhibitors as novel diuretics. Primary high-throughput virtual screening (HTVS) of 50000 small-molecular drug-like compounds identified 2319 hit compounds. These 2319 compounds were screened by high-throughput screening using an erythrocyte osmotic lysis assay. Based on the pharmacological data, putative UT-B binding sites were identified by structure-based drug design and validated by ligand-based and QSAR model. Additionally, UT-B structural and functional characteristics under inhibitors treated and untreated conditions were simulated by molecular dynamics (MD). As the result, we identified four classes of compounds with UT-B inhibitory activity and predicted a human UT-B model, based on which computative binding sites were identified and validated. A novel potential mechanism of UT-B inhibitory activity was discovered by comparing UT-B from different species. Results suggest residue PHE198 in rat and mouse UT-B might block the inhibitor migration pathway. Inhibitory mechanisms of UT-B inhibitors and the functions of key residues in UT-B were proposed. The binding site analysis provides a structural basis for lead identification and optimization of UT-B inhibitors.
Pdx1 and USF transcription factors co-ordinately regulate Alx3 gene expression in pancreatic β-cells
Authors: Fernández-Pérez Antonio , Vallejo Mario 
Published: July 2014

Alterations in transcription factors expressed in insulin-producing islet β-cells generate pancreatic dysfunction leading to diabetes. The homeodomain transcription factor Alx3 (aristaless-like homeobox 3) expressed in pancreatic islets participates in the regulated expression of several islet genes, and its deficiency in mice leads to islet cell apoptosis and glucose intolerance. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms that regulate expression of Alx3 in pancreatic islets at the transcriptional level. We found that the Alx3 promoter contains at least eight putative regulatory elements with an E-box consensus sequence, three of which were determined to be functional and required for Alx3 promoter activity by mutational analysis in transfected MIN6 β-cells. We determined that these E-box elements are recognized by the basic helix–loop–helix transcription factors USF1 (upstream stimulatory factor 1) and USF2. We also identified a highly conserved A-box in the Alx3 promoter that is recognized by the islet-specific transcription factor Pdx1 (pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1). Pdx1-mediated transactivation of the Alx3 promoter requires the integrity of the three functional E-boxes and the co-operation with USF transcription factors bound to them. The results from the present study indicate that Pdx1 contributes to the transcriptional transactivation of Alx3 in pancreatic β-cells by acting in co-ordination with USF1 and USF2.
Harmonization of initial estimates of shale gas life cycle greenhouse gas emissions for electric power generation
Authors: Heath Garvin A. , O’Donoughue Patrick , Arent Douglas J. , Bazilian Morgan 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Previously published life cycle assessments (LCAs) of greenhouse gas emissions from the production and use of shale gas have come to widely varying conclusions about both the magnitude of emissions and its comparison with conventionally produced natural gas and coal for electricity generation. We harmonize estimates from this literature to establish more consistently derived and robust summary of the current state of knowledge. Whereas median estimates for both gas types appear less than half that of coal, alternative assumptions may lead to emissions approaching best-performing coal units, with implications for climate change mitigation strategies.
Control of axon–axon attraction by Semaphorin reverse signaling
Authors: Hsieh Hsiao-Han , Chang Wen-Tzu , Yu Li , Rao Yong 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Bidirectional signaling between ligand and receptor facilitates cell–cell communication. Recent studies show that members of the well-known Semaphorin family proteins can mediate both forward and reverse signaling in regulating neural network formation. In this study, we identify new components of the Semaphorin reverse signaling pathway and reveal a novel mechanism by which Semaphorin reverse signaling promotes axon–axon attraction in patterning neuronal circuitry during development.
Sequence-resolved free energy profiles of stress-bearing vimentin intermediate filaments
Authors: Ramm Beatrice , Stigler Johannes , Hinczewski Michael , Thirumalai D. , Herrmann Harald , Woehlke Günther , Rief Matthias 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Intermediate filaments (IFs) are an essential part of the cytoskeleton of metazoan cells, responsible for the cell’s shape and motility. To exert their mechanical function, IF dimers undergo a complex assembly into long filaments. The dimer ends are thought to mediate assembly. Mutations in these regions are associated with various diseases. We use single-molecule force spectroscopy by optical tweezers to mechanically open the C-terminal part of the dimer of the IF vimentin. Using deconvolution, a specialized analytic method, we can directly assess the stability of the C-terminal dimer end. Relating this stability to the amino acid sequence and structural features of the dimer, we shed light on the early assembly and mechanical properties of IFs.
Prolactin prevents hepatocellular carcinoma by restricting innate immune activation of c-Myc in mice
Authors: Hartwell Hadley J. , Petrosky Keiko Y. , Fox James G. , Horseman Nelson D. , Rogers Arlin B. 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Hormonally active women are better protected from the primary liver cancer hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) than men. In rodent models, the pituitary gland governs sexually dimorphic HCC risk. We found that the estrogen-responsive pituitary hormone prolactin (PRL) inhibits HCC by binding liver short-form prolactin receptors, resulting in accelerated degradation of a multimolecular “trafasome” involved in tumor-promoting innate immune signaling and preventing activation of the HCC-associated gene c-Myc. Mouse models confirmed sex-dependent HCC regulation upstream of c-Myc and a requirement for PRL but not estrogen in female tumor resistance. Importantly, a preclinical trial in mice showed that pharmacologic PRL mobilization using the human drug domperidone protected males from HCC. PRL-targeted therapy may help prevent liver cancer in high-risk men and women.
Side-chain conformation at the selectivity filter shapes the permeation free-energy landscape of an ion channel
Authors: Harpole Tyler J. , Grosman Claudio 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Our mutagenesis work on the ring of glutamates in the charge-selectivity filter region of the muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor led us to propose that the rate at which ions permeate through the open channel depends not only on the number of these glutamates, but also on the conformation of their side chains. Because our inferences were made on the basis of electrophysiological observations, however, we decided to test the plausibility of these ideas using computer simulations. Remarkably, the simulations gave ample credence to all aspects of our proposal and allowed us to gain insight into the effect of specific glutamate rotamers on single-channel conductance.
Culpability across borders: print media of the DSK affair from an SFL perspective
Authors: Tjondro Michelle 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This article explores the interactions between culture, linguistic choices and hard news journalistic practices, focusing on the Dominique Strauss-Kahn (DSK) affair of 2011 as the basis for a comparative analysis across three cultures: France, America and Guinea. The present study is motivated by the growing application of linguistic approaches to media studies and cross-cultural research, whose findings affirm the position that language is a resource capable of articulating and reproducing beliefs, judgments and even ideologies about social realities. Through the lens of systemic functional linguistics, patterns of linguistic choices that vary across the French and English language corpus are identified and then analysed with reference to the key discourses generated by the DSK affair. The results demonstrate the value of grammatical description in unveiling cultural, societal and individual ideologies that ordinarily have limited scope for expression in the hard news genre. Consequently, these findings suggest a tension between the presupposed neutrality of the legal process and the power of the media’s rhetoric in its capacity as an additional yet covert trial participant.
Understanding the release efficiency of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) from trawls with a square mesh panel: effects of panel area, panel position, and stimulation of escape response
Authors: Herrmann Bent , Wienbeck Harald , Karlsen Junita Diana , Stepputtis Daniel , Dahm Erdmann , Moderhak Waldemar 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Based on size selectivity data for more than 25 000 cod (Gadus morhua) collected during experimental trawl fishing with six different codends, all of which included a square mesh panel, we investigated the effect on cod-release efficiency based on the size of the square mesh panel area, position of the square mesh panel, and stimulation of the escape response. Based on the results, we were able to explain why the BACOMA codend, applied in the Baltic Sea cod directed trawl fishery, releases juvenile cod efficiently, whereas other designs, including a square mesh panel with similar mesh size, are less efficient. Our main findings reveal that the release efficiency of the square mesh panel in the BACOMA codend depends largely on the overlap of the square mesh panel and the catch-accumulation zone in the codend, where cod do not have the option of just drifting further back in the trawl when proximate to the panel. On the contrary, the reduction in panel size by 50% did not significantly affect the release efficiency when the panel overlapped with the catch-accumulation zone. It was possible to stimulate an escape response for cod to achieve a release through a square mesh panel positioned away from the catch-accumulation zone. Our findings demonstrated that this release was as efficient as for a panel mounted in the catch-accumulation zone of the codend. Devices that stimulate behaviour may improve the release efficiency of cod through square mesh panels in other fisheries where this is a problem.
Fatal Acanthamoeba Encephalitis in a Patient With a Total Artificial Heart (Syncardia) Device
Authors: Tan Susanna K. , Gajurel Kiran , Tung Christie , Albers Gregory , Deresinski Stan , Montoya Jose G. , Sheikh Ahmad Y. , Banerjee Dipanjan , Ha Richard 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Acanthamoeba encephalitis is an uncommon but often fatal infection complication. Here we report the first case of Acanthamoeba encephalitis in a patient with a Total Artificial Heart device.
Varicella Zoster Virus Pneumonitis and Brainstem Encephalitis Without Skin Rash in an Immunocompetent Adult
Authors: Nandhagopal Ramachandiran , Khmeleva Nelly , Jayakrishnan B. , White Teresa , Al Azri Faisal , George Jojy , Heintzman Anna , Al Zeedy Khalfan , Rorke-Adams Lucy , Gujjar Arunodaya R. , Schmid D. Scott , Al-Asmi Abdullah , Nagel Maria A. , Jacob Poovathoor Chacko , Gilden Don 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Varicella zoster virus (VZV) pneumonitis and brainstem encephalitis developed in an immunocompetent adult without rash. Chest computed tomography exhibited nodularity; lung biopsy revealed multinucleated giant cells, Cowdry A inclusions, VZV antigen, and DNA. Varicella zoster virus central nervous system disease was verified by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) anti-VZV IgG antibody with reduced serum/CSF ratios.
Compressive Forces and Computed Tomography–derived Positive End-expiratory Pressure in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Cressoni Massimo , Chiumello Davide , Carlesso Eleonora , Chiurazzi Chiara , Amini Martina , Brioni Matteo , Cadringher Paolo , Quintel Michael , Gattinoni Luciano 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background:
It has been suggested that higher positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) should be used only in patients with higher lung recruitability. In this study, the authors investigated the relationship between the recruitability and the PEEP necessary to counteract the compressive forces leading to lung collapse.

Methods:
Fifty-one patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (7 mild, 33 moderate, and 11 severe) were enrolled. Patients underwent whole-lung computed tomography (CT) scan at 5 and 45 cm H2O. Recruitability was measured as the amount of nonaerated tissue regaining inflation from 5 to 45 cm H2O. The compressive forces (superimposed pressure) were computed as the density times the sternum-vertebral height of the lung. CT-derived PEEP was computed as the sum of the transpulmonary pressure needed to overcome the maximal superimposed pressure and the pleural pressure needed to lift up the chest wall.

Results:
Maximal superimposed pressure ranged from 6 to 18 cm H2O, whereas CT-derived PEEP ranged from 7 to 28 cm H2O. Median recruitability was 15% of lung parenchyma (interquartile range, 7 to 21%). Maximal superimposed pressure was weakly related with lung recruitability (r
2 = 0.11, P = 0.02), whereas CT-derived PEEP was unrelated with lung recruitability (r
2 = 0.0003, P = 0.91). The maximal superimposed pressure was 12 ± 3, 12 ± 2, and 13 ± 1 cm H2O in mild, moderate, and severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, respectively, (P = 0.0533) with a corresponding CT-derived PEEP of 16 ± 5, 16 ± 5, and 18 ± 5 cm H2O (P = 0.48).

Conclusions:
Lung recruitability and CT scan–derived PEEP are unrelated. To overcome the compressive forces and to lift up the thoracic cage, a similar PEEP level is required in higher and lower recruiters (16.8 ± 4 vs. 16.6 ± 5.6, P = 1).
Non-respiratory functions ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaemitochondria are required for optimal attractiveness toDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Schiabor Kelly M. , Quan Allison S. , Eisen Michael B. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWhile screening a large collection of wild and laboratory yeast isolates for their ability to attractDrosophila melanogasteradults, we noticed a large difference in fly preference for two nearly isogenic strains ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae, BY4741 and BY4742. Using standard genetic analyses, we tracked the preference difference to the lack of functional mitochondria the stock of BY4742 used in the initial experiment. We used gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy to examine the volatile compounds produced by BY4741 and the mitochondria-deficient BY4742, and found they differed significantly. We found that several ethyl esters are present at much higher levels in strains with functional mitochondria, even in fermentative conditions. We confirmed the role of these ethyl esters in attraction by examining an EEB1Δ strain which reduces ethyl ester production. We found that nitrogen levels in the substrate affect the production of these compounds, and that they are produced at high levels by strains with functional mitochondria in the fermentation of natural substrates. Collectively these observations demonstrate the effect core metabolic processes have in mediating the interaction between yeasts and insect vectors, and highlight the importance of non-respirative mitochondrial functions in yeast ecology.