bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
True versus forged in the cultural heritage materials: the role of PXRF analysis
Authors: Galli A. , Bonizzoni L. 
Published: April 2013

Forensic and cultural heritage scientific analyses have several similarities. Indeed, they both deal with unique, ‘precious’ and often quantitatively very limited objects, which have to be preserved as much as possible. Whenever analytical examination is needed, similar requirements have to be met. Furthermore, also in cultural heritage, field scientists are looking for answers about the story behind the artefact, trying to help discovering its provenance, proving its authenticity or supporting a conscious restoration (a wrong knowledge about ancient material caused destructive conservation intervention even in recent times).Energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence analysis is thus one of the best approaches mainly for the possibility to perform both qualitative and quantitative analyses without losing sample. Moreover, last generation handheld spectrometers allow to perform analytical investigation almost anywhere.In the present paper, after a brief excursus about the possibility of getting answers through energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence analysis for the most common archaeometric materials, we present a few peculiar case studies in which scientific examination proved to be helpful in solving historical and archaeological uncertainty. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Retracted: Gemini Cationic Surfactants: Synthesis and Influence of Chemical Structure on the Surface Activity
Authors: Negm Nabel A. , El‐Hashash Maher A. , Mohamed Dalia E. , Marquis John M. , Khowdiary Manal M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThree cationic gemini surfactants were synthesized and characterized using different methods. Their surface activities were measured using surface and interfacial tension measurements. The effect of the spacer chain length on the surface activity, emulsification power and interfacial tension was studied. The thermodynamic parameters showed the tendency towards micellization and adsorption. The results showed that longer spacers increased the micellization tendencies of the surfactants, while shorter spacers increased the adsorption tendency at the air–water interface.
Flowing maps to minimal surfaces: Existence and uniqueness of solutions
Authors: Rupflin Melanie 
Published: April 2013

We study the new geometric flow that was introduced in the paper [12] of Topping and the author that evolves a pair of map and (domain) metric in such a way that it changes appropriate initial data into branched minimal immersions. In the present paper we focus on the existence theory as well as the issue of uniqueness of solutions. We establish that a (weak) solution exists for as long as the metrics remain in a bounded region of moduli space, i.e. as long as the flow does not collapse a closed geodesic in the domain manifold to a point. Furthermore, we prove that this solution is unique in the class of all weak solutions with non-increasing energy. This work complements the paper of Topping and the author [12] where the flow was introduced and its asymptotic convergence to branched minimal immersions is discussed.

Résumé
Nous étudions le nouveau flot géométrique introduit dans l'article [12] de Topping et de l'auteure, qui transforme un couple formé d'une application d'une surface vers une variété riemannienne et d'une métrique riemannienne du domaine. Ce flot change des données initiales appropriées en des immersions minimales ramifiées. Nous prouvons qu'une solution faible existe tant que le flot ne contracte pas une géodésique fermée du domaine en un point. De plus, nous montrons que cette solution est unique dans la classe des solutions faibles avec énergie décroissante. Ce travail complète l'article de Topping et de l'auteure [12] où le flot est introduit et où sa convergence asymptotique est étudiée.
Quantitative Evaluation of Aldo–Keto Reductase Expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) Cell Lines
Authors: Yang Lei , Zhang Ju , Zhang Shenyan , Dong Weiwei , Lou Xiaomin , Liu Siqi 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The involvement of aldo–keto reductases (AKRs) in tumorigenesis is widely reported, but their roles in the pathological process are not generally recognized due to inconsistent measurements of their expression. To overcome this problem, we simultaneously employed real-time PCR to examine gene expression and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of mass spectrometry (MS) to examine the protein expression of AKRs in five different hepatic cell lines. These include one relatively normal hepatic cell line, L-02, and four hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines, HepG2, HuH7, BEL7402 and SMMC7721. The results of real-time PCR showed that expression of genes encoding the AKR1C family members rather than AKR1A and AKR1B was associated with tumor, and most of genes encoding AKRs were highly expressed in HuH7. Similar observations were obtained through MRM. Different from HuH7, the protein abundance of AKR1A and AKR1B was relatively consistent among the other four hepatic cell lines, while protein expression of AKR1C varied significantly compared to L-02. Therefore, we conclude that the abundant distribution of AKR1C proteins is likely to be associated with liver tumorigenesis, and the AKR expression status in HuH7 is completely different from other liver cancer cell lines. This study, for the first time, provided both overall and quantitative information regarding the expression of AKRs at both mRNA and protein levels in hepatic cell lines. Our observations put the previous use of AKRs as a biomarker into question since it is only consistent with our data from HuH7. Furthermore, the data presented herein demonstrated that quantitative evaluation and comparisons within a protein family at both mRNA and protein levels were feasible using current techniques.
Prognostic factors and outcome of undifferentiated endometrial sarcoma treated by multimodal therapy
Authors: Malouf Gabriel G. , Lhommé Catherine , Duvillard Pierre , Morice Philippe , Haie‐Meder Christine , Pautier Patricia 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the natural history, prognostic factors, and optimal treatment modalities of undifferentiated endometrial sarcoma (UES).MethodsA retrospective review was conducted of 30 patients with UES treated at Institut Gustave‐Roussy, France, between January 1978 and December 2008. Clinical and pathologic variables, treatment modalities, and outcomes were assessed.ResultsDisease was advanced in most cases: FIGO stage III–IV in 70% of patients. Overall, 29 patients (96.7%) underwent hysterectomy as part of the initial surgical treatment; however, only 18 (60.0%) attained complete macroscopic resection. The incidence of pelvic and/or para‐aortic lymph‐node involvement at primary surgery or first recurrence was 44.4%. Median postoperative follow‐up was 5 years; progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 9.7 and 23 months, respectively. No differences in OS and PFS were observed by staging subgroup (FIGO vs the American Joint Committee on Cancer). Only postoperative pelvic radiotherapy with or without brachytherapy correlated with improved PFS (19.1 vs 6.5 months; P = 0.04) and OS (54.5 vs 16.7 months; P = 0.01) in a univariate analysis.ConclusionNeither staging system was optimal for risk stratification. Multimodal therapy was recommended after surgery.
The impact of (global) business cycle risk on the German and British stock markets: Evidence from the first age of globalization
Authors: Nitschka Thomas 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn the period from 1880 to 1913, time‐varying German and British stock market returns are related to business cycle variables such as the deviation of industrial production from trend. Common British and German business cycle dynamics Granger cause stock returns and explain more than 20% of time variation in one‐year ahead stock market returns. The link between business cycle variables and stock returns is less pronounced in the modern era of financial globalization. A potential explanation for this finding is the fact that during the first globalization period stock indices were dominated by industrial companies and stock prices varied in line with dividends. In the modern era of globalization stock price dynamics predominantly reflect time‐varying risk premia.
Offspring psychopathology following preconception, prenatal and postnatal maternal bereavement stress
Authors: Class Q. A. , Abel K. M. , Khashan A. S. , Rickert M. E. , Dalman C. , Larsson H. , Hultman C. M. , Långström N. , Lichtenstein P. , D‘Onofrio B. M. 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundPreconception, prenatal and postnatal maternal stress is associated with increased offspring psychopathology, but findings are inconsistent and need replication. We estimated associations between maternal bereavement stress and offspring autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, suicide attempt and completed suicide.MethodUsing Swedish registers, we conducted the largest population-based study to date examining associations between stress exposure in 738 144 offspring born 1992–2000 for childhood outcomes and 2 155 221 offspring born 1973–1997 for adult outcomes with follow-up to 2009. Maternal stress was defined as death of a first-degree relative during (a) the 6 months before conception, (b) pregnancy or (c) the first two postnatal years. Cox proportional survival analyses were used to obtain hazard ratios (HRs) in unadjusted and adjusted analyses.ResultsMarginal increased risk of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia following preconception bereavement stress was not significant. Third-trimester prenatal stress increased the risk of ASD [adjusted HR (aHR) 1.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15–2.17] and ADHD (aHR 1.31, 95% CI 1.04–1.66). First postnatal year stress increased the risk of offspring suicide attempt (aHR 1.13, 95% CI 1.02–1.25) and completed suicide (aHR 1.51, 95% CI 1.08–2.11). Bereavement stress during the second postnatal year increased the risk of ASD (aHR 1.30, 95% CI 1.09–1.55).ConclusionsFurther research is needed regarding associations between preconception stress and psychopathological outcomes. Prenatal bereavement stress increases the risk of offspring ASD and ADHD. Postnatal bereavement stress moderately increases the risk of offspring suicide attempt, completed suicide and ASD. Smaller previous studies may have overestimated associations between early stress and psychopathological outcomes.
Microlocal defect measures for a degenerate thermoelasticity system
Authors: Atallah-Baraket Amel , Fermanian Kammerer Clotilde 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we study a system of thermoelasticity with a degenerate second-order operator in the heat equation. We analyze the evolution of the energy density of a family of solutions. We consider two cases: when the set of points where the ellipticity of the heat operator fails is included in a hypersurface and when it is an open set. In the first case, and under special assumptions, we prove that the evolution of the energy density is that of a damped wave equation: propagation along the rays of the geometric optic and damping according to a microlocal process. In the second case, we show that the energy density propagates along rays which are distortions of the rays of the geometric optic.
Decreased translation of Dio3 mRNA is associated with drug-induced hepatotoxicity
Authors: Dudek Kate M. , Suter Laura , Darras Veerle M. , Marczylo Emma L. , Gant Timothy W. 
Published: April 2013

Recent work has demonstrated the importance of post-transcriptional gene regulation in toxic responses. In the present study, we used two rat models to investigate mRNA translation in the liver following xenobiotic-induced toxicity. By combining polysome profiling with genomic methodologies, we were able to assess global changes in hepatic mRNA translation. Dio3 (iodothyronine deiodinase type III) was identified as a gene that exhibited specific translational repression and had a functional role in a number of relevant canonical pathways. Western blot analysis indicated that this repression led to reduced D3 (the protein expressed by Dio3) levels, enhanced over time and with increased dose. Using Northern blotting techniques and qRT-PCR (quantitative reverse transcription–PCR), we confirmed further that there was no reduction in Dio3 mRNA, suggesting that translational repression of Dio3 is an important determinant of the reduced D3 protein expression following liver damage. Finally, we show that drug-induced hepatotoxicity appears to cause localized disruptions in thyroid hormone levels in the liver and plasma. We suggest that this leads to reduced translation of Dio3 mRNA, which results in decreased D3 production. It may therefore be possible that this is an important mechanism by which the liver can, upon early signs of damage, act rapidly to maintain its own energy equilibrium, thereby avoiding global disruption of the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis.
2.5–7 GHz single balanced mixer with integrated Ruthroff‐type balun in 0.18 µm CMOS technology
Authors: Chiou H.‐K. , Chung H.‐Y. 
Published: April 2013

An on‐chip Ruthroff‐type balun fabricated in tsmcTM 0.18 µm CMOS technology has been realised and used in a single balanced mixer. By using the phase compensation line and appropriately choosing the characteristic impedance of transmission lines, the balun was realised with a minimum insertion loss of 0.71 dB and the 1 dB bandwidth over a frequency range from 3.2 to 8.4 GHz. The compact size of 0.088 mm2 is achieved owing to the short length of the transmission line winding, approximately 1/18 λg, and the adoption of broadside‐coupled and spiral‐shape structures. A simple single balanced mixer with the Ruthroff‐type balun was then designed to demonstrate the capability of the broadband and low‐loss balun. A minimum conversion loss of 12.48 dB with a 3 dB bandwidth from 2.5 to 7 GHz was measured at the LO drive of only 6 dBm. The chip area, including pads, is 0.49 mm2.
Compact shorted inverted‐L antenna with circular polarisation for RFID handheld reader
Authors: Lin Y.F. , Chen H.M. , Chen C.H. , Lee C.H. 
Published: April 2013

Two shorted inverted‐L radiating elements are located on the orthogonal corner of the square substrate and connected to each output port of a Wilkinson power divider. A shorted inverted‐T strip is placed on the other corner of the square for a perturbing resonator to generate circularly‐polarised (CP) radiation in the UHF band. Proper adjusting of the horizontal and vertical lengths of the inverted‐T strip will differentiate two orthogonal linearly modes with 90° phase difference for a good CP radiation. Simulated and measured results indicate that the proposed structure can achieve circular‐degree polarisation operation. A measured impedance bandwidth (VSWR ≤ 2) of about 16.4% (810–960 MHz) and a 3 dB axial‐ratio (AR) bandwidth of about 4.4% (890–930 MHz) at 915 MHz were obtained.
3.88 dB NF 60 GHz CMOS UWB LNA with small group‐delay‐variation
Authors: Lee J.H. , Lin Y.S. 
Published: April 2013

A low power and low noise figure (NF) 60 GHz low‐noise amplifier (LNA) with excellent phase linearity using standard 90 nm CMOS technology is reported. The LNA comprises a common‐source (CS) stage followed by a cascode stage and a CS stage. The LNA consumes 14.1 mW, achieving S11 better than − 10 dB for the frequencies 55.1–59.5 GHz, S22 better than − 10 dB for the frequencies 55.1–59.4 GHz, and group delay variation smaller than ± 13.25 ps for the frequencies 50.4–63 GHz. Additionally, high and flat S21 of 9.9 ± 1.5 dB is achieved for the frequencies 50.4–62.9 GHz, which means the corresponding 3 dB bandwidth is 12.5 GHz. Furthermore, the LNA achieves a minimum NF of 3.88 dB at 55.5 GHz and an NF of 4.73 ± 0.85 dB for the frequencies 50–63.5 GHz, one of the best NF results ever reported for a 60 GHz CMOS LNA.
Ground radiation method using slot with coupling capacitors
Authors: Liu Y. , Lee J. , Kim H.H. , Kim H. 
Published: April 2013

An innovative antenna radiation method for exciting a dipole‐type radiation mode in the ground plane of mobile devices is proposed. This method is based on a capacitively loaded slot placed at the centre of the ground plane. The ground plane is 50 × 15 mm in length and width, respectively, which is the size typically used in USB dongles and headsets. The −10 dB impedance bandwidth is 12.9% at 2.4 GHz, fully covering the WiMax, Wi‐Fi and Bluetooth frequency bands.
Electronically scanned Rotman lens antenna with liquid crystal phase shifters
Authors: Christie S. , Cahill R. , Mitchell N. , Munro Y. , Manabe A. 
Published: April 2013

The performance of a Rotman lens, which forms fixed beams at 0°, ±15° and ±30°, is augmented using liquid crystal phase shifters to simultaneously steer each beam by up to ±7.5°. Measured results are used to demonstrate that the true time delay property of the antenna and voltage controlled phase shifters can be exploited to provide continuously scanned beams with full coverage over an angular range of ±37.5°, and with operation over the band 6–10 GHz.
Inverter‐based second‐order sigma‐delta modulator for smart sensors
Authors: Yang Y. , Yang Y. , Lu L. , Chen J. , Gale R. , Li C. 
Published: April 2013

Presented is a fully‐differential inverter‐based switched‐capacitor second‐order sigma‐delta modulator for smart sensor applications. To reduce the supply voltage, the power consumption and the chip area, a simple inverter is used to replace the operational transconductance amplifier in the traditional integrator. The supply voltage can be lower than the summation of the absolute threshold voltages of the PMOS and NMOS transistors in the inverter. The described modulator has been designed and fabricated in AMI 0.5 µm CMOS process. Measurement shows that it can work under 1.5 V supply voltage and provide 55.39 dB signal‐to‐noise and distortion ratio (SNDR). Simulation also shows that the modulator can work under 0.7 V supply voltage and provide 59.38 dB SNDR in IBM 180 nm CMOS process.
Potential of MISFET with HfN gate dielectric formed by ECR plasma sputtering
Authors: Han H.S. , Han D.H. , Ohmi S. 
Published: April 2013

A report is presented on a Al/HfN/p‐Si(100) n‐MISFET with excellent electrical properties that inserts a 4 nm‐thick HfN gate dielectric with equivalent oxide thickness of 0.7 nm formed by electron‐cyclotron‐resonance plasma sputtering. The threshold voltage (Vth) of the device was 0.05 V. The on/off ratio and subthreshold swing at W/L = 90 µm/5 µm were ∼103 and 200 mV/dec., respectively. In particular, the n‐MISFET exhibits IDS,sat = 20.2 µA/μm and gm = 20.5 mS/mm. This is the first report of n‐MISFET characteristics with HfN gate dielectric.
Wireless wrist‐wearable wake/sleep identification device for closed‐loop deep brain stimulation
Authors: Chen Y. , Hao H.W. , Hu Y.X. , Li L.M. 
Published: April 2013

Deep brain stimulation is an important therapy for Parkinson's disease patients. However, the current deep brain stimulator is open loop and cannot automatically adapt the stimulation according to the patient's condition. In this reported study a real‐time wake/sleep identification device has been developed to wirelessly control the stimulation according to the patient's wake/sleep states. The wake/sleep identification was based on the wrist movement, and the identified result was transmitted wirelessly to the implantable pulse generator. This device showed a reliable radio frequency communication within 2 m and a low level of current consumption. This device also showed a good performance of real‐time wake/sleep identification on Parkinson's disease patients. This study provides a promising application in the closed‐loop deep brain stimulation, as well as other applications in medical services, such as night care, and fall alarm.
Effect and extraction of series resistance in Al2O3‐InGaAs MOS with bulk‐oxide trap
Authors: Yu B. , Yuan Y. , Chen H.‐P. , Ahn J. , McIntyre P.C. , Taur Y. 
Published: April 2013

The effect of parasitic series resistance in the accumulation region has been investigated under the framework of the distributed bulk‐oxide trap model. It is shown that while the series resistance may be too small to impact the total capacitance, it can have a significant effect on the total conductance by adding a term ∝ ω2. It leads to a proposal of an extraction method for series resistance. The enhanced bulk‐oxide trap model with series resistance as well as dielectric leakage can explain the uncommon conductance frequency dispersion data for an Al2O3‐InGaAs MOS capacitor with 2.5 nm thin Al2O3 layer.
Favorable Outcome of an Acute Complex Regional Pain Syndrome With Immunoglobulin Infusions
Authors: Medlin Friedrich , Zekeridou Anastasia , Renaud Susanne , Kuntzer Thierry 
Published: April 2013

Objective:
To emphasize that complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), a disabling disorder with the implication of aberrant inflammation, vasomotor dysfunction, and maladaptive neuroplasticity, might be treated with a high dose of intravenous immunoglobulin infusions (IVIG).

Methods:
We describe a patient who presented with CRPS in the acute phase of the disease.

Results:
The CRPS developed secondary to sciatic compression in a young patient and was treated within 10 days by high-dose IVIG (2 g/kg). It resolved completely within days after infusions.

Discussion:
This observational study emphasizes that high-dose IVIG may be a treatment option in the acute phase of CRPS.
Brain size of
Homo floresiensis
and its evolutionary implications
Authors: Kubo Daisuke , Kono Reiko T. , Kaifu Yousuke 
Published: April 2013

The extremely small endocranial volume (ECV) of LB1, the type specimen of
Homo floresiensis
, poses a challenge in our understanding of human brain evolution. Some researchers hypothesize dramatic dwarfing of relative brain size from
Homo erectus
presumably without significant decrease in intellectual function, whereas others expect a lesser degree of brain diminution from a more primitive, small-brained form of hominin currently undocumented in eastern Asia. However, inconsistency in the published ECVs for LB1 (380–430 cc), unclear human intraspecific brain–body size scaling and other uncertainties have hampered elaborative modelling of its brain size reduction. In this study, we accurately determine the ECV of LB1 using high-resolution micro-CT scan. The ECV of LB1 thus measured, 426 cc, is larger than the commonly cited figure in previous studies (400 cc). Coupled with brain–body size correlation in
Homo sapiens
calculated based on a sample from 20 worldwide modern human populations, we construct new models of the brain size reduction in the evolution of
H. floresiensis
. The results show a more significant contribution of scaling effect than previously claimed.