bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Doxing: how a darknet shop created the blackmail as a service business model
Authors: Logie Kenji , Maras Marie-Helen 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
The objective of this paper is to explore the development of the Blackmail-as-a-Service business model within the Digital Thrift Shop. This service model involves the sale of doxing files to customers, as well as the removal of the content from the shop and its dissemination to victims or individuals closely connected to them.

Design/methodology/approach
To access the Digital Thrift shop, this study relies on the Tor browser and a darknet indexing site. The authors then use an application to collect and store the web pages as PDFs. Finally, content analysis is performed on these PDFs to understand the Blackmail-as-a-Service business model developed by the Digital Thrift.

Findings
The doxing data available on the Digital Thrift is primarily targeted toward women. Digital Thrift has also established a way to value the purchase, sale and the removal of blackmail data. The presence of Blackmail-as-a-Service on darknet sites poses unique challenges for criminal justice agencies in terms of jurisdiction, due to the lack of harmonized laws and the obstacles involved in taking down content from darknet sites. Finally, the use of a service model for blackmail allows criminals without technical skills to engage in cyber-victimization using blackmail.

Originality/value
Research into Blackmail-as-a-Service from boutique providers has not been conducted. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the first study seeking to understand the Blackmail-as-a-Service business model on the darknet when used to target adults. This study presents evidence of a lack of connection between the buyers of the compromising material and the potential victim, challenging preconceived notions about image-based sexual abuse and its connection to individuals involved in interpersonal relationships.
A social identity perspective on lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) entrepreneurs’ networking behavior
Authors: Fletcher Luke , Incerti Valerio , Essers Caroline 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
This study aims to draw upon entrepreneurial network resource and social identity theories to advance the understanding of LGBT entrepreneurial behavior. The authors focus on what resources are acquired by LGBT entrepreneurs from LGBT-specific networks, such as entrepreneurs’ associations or chambers of commerce, and why they might engage with them.

Design/methodology/approach
As an initial scoping exercise, Study 1 quantitatively examined the different resources acquired via a survey of 109 LGBT entrepreneurs from the UK, mainland Europe and North America. Building on these findings, Study 2 qualitatively explored why LGBT entrepreneurs acquire resources from and engage with LGBT-specific networks via interviews with 23 LGBT entrepreneurs (with representation from the UK, Mainland Europe and North America).

Findings
Study 1 indicates that being more involved in LGBT-specific networks is associated with stronger resource acquisition, particularly those that are relational and psychological in nature. Study 2 reveals that such networks can act as psychologically safe holding environments where resources that fulfil needs for belonging and uniqueness are acquired. However, certain challenges and issues arise when trying to meet all members' needs.

Practical implications
The findings underscore the need for LGBT networks that are run for, and by, LGBT entrepreneurs. Such networks allow LGBT entrepreneurs to be more authentic about, and empowered by, their LGBT identity in their business such that they can develop a stronger sense of individual and collective pride in being part of an LGBT entrepreneurial community. Yet, there is a need to understand the variety of identities and needs across the LGBT community.

Originality/value
The authors advance our understanding of LGBT entrepreneurs by connecting knowledge on entrepreneurship with that on applied psychology. The authors develop an original contribution by focusing on how LGBT entrepreneurs use LGBT-specific networks to meet important psychological and relational needs, thus speaking to the importance of developing an LGBT entrepreneurial community that enables LGBT entrepreneurs to express their LGBT and entrepreneurial identities.
Customer engagement, moral identity and oppositional brand loyalty in virtual communities
Authors: Cheng Guo , Han Xiaoyun , Yu Weiping , He Mingli 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
Oppositional brand loyalty poses a challenge to the management of virtual communities. This study aims to categorize these loyalty behaviors into positive (willingness to pay a price premium and brand evangelism) and negative (schadenfreude and anti-brand actions) dimensions. It then explores how customer engagement and moral identity influence these dimensions in the context of brand competition.

Design/methodology/approach
Structural equation modeling was conducted to analyze the main and moderating effects, using survey data obtained from 498 valid responses out of a total of 636 responses from Xiaomi's virtual communities.

Findings
The results indicate that customer engagement significantly influences all four dimensions of oppositional brand loyalty. The relationship between customer engagement and brand evangelism is notably stronger among customers with a strong moral identity. Conversely, the effects of customer engagement on schadenfreude and anti-brand actions are attenuated for these customers.

Originality/value
Anchored in theories of brand tribalism, social identity and brand polarization, this study bifurcates oppositional brand loyalty into directions of preference and antagonism, empirically showcasing moral identity's moderating effect. It contributes to the literature on antagonistic loyalty and moral identity, offering strategic insights for companies to navigate schadenfreude and anti-brand actions in online communities.
Investigating the role of metaverse influencers’ attributes for the next generation of services
Authors: Kumar Aman , Shankar Amit 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this research is to identify the most important attributes of metaverse influencers and examine their impact on customer engagement and social glue.

Design/methodology/approach
Three studies (one qualitative and two quantitative) were conducted to understand the phenomenon better. The qualitative study (Study 1) was conducted to identify the antecedents of the theoretical model, which was tested in Study 2 using the covariance-based structural equation modelling (CB-SEM) technique. Study 3 then divided the respondents based on the metaverse influencer attribute preferences.

Findings
Results of Study 1 revealed the six most influential attributes of metaverse influencers: physical attractiveness, social attractiveness, perceived credibility, metaverse-influencer fit, intimacy and attitude homophily. Further, Study 2 validated that attractiveness and perceived credibility enhance engagement. Also, the results revealed that intimacy, perceived credibility and homophily enhance social glue. Moreover, parasocial relationships mediate the association between intimacy, attitude homophily, perceived credibility and (engagement and social glue). The conditional indirect effect of physical attractiveness, social attractiveness and metaverse–influencer fit on (engagement and social glue) via parasocial relationships at different high and low levels of self-discrepancy was significant. Finally, Study 3 used latent class analysis to reveal different clusters of metaverse users.

Originality/value
This research enriches our understanding of metaverse influencers, contributing to the influencer marketing literature. It offers actionable insights for marketers by elucidating key influencer attributes, aiding in enhancing engagement and social glue.
Study on the extraction and stability of tea stem pigment
Authors: Wang Xuemei , He Jixiang , Ma Yue , Wang Hao , Ma Dehong , Zhang Dongdong , Zhao Hudie 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the tannase-assisted extraction of tea stem pigment from waste tea stem, after which the stability of the purified pigment was determined and analyzed.

Design/methodology/approach
The extracting process was optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM) approach. Material-liquid ratio, temperature and time were chosen as variables and the absorbance as a response. The stability of the tea stem pigment at the different conditions was tested and analyzed.

Findings
The optimized extraction technology was as follows: material-liquid ratio 1:20 g/ml, temperature 50°C and time 60 min. The stability test results showed that tea stem pigment was sensitive to oxidants, but the reducing agents did not affect it. The tea stem pigment was unstable under strong acid and strong alkali and was most stable at pH 6. The light stability was poor. Tea stem pigment would form flocculent precipitation under the action of Fe2+ or Fe3+ and be relatively stable in Cu2+ and Na2+ solutions. The tea stem pigment was relatively stable at 60°C and below.

Originality/value
No comprehensive and systematic study reports have been conducted on the extraction of pigment from discarded tea stem, and researchers have not used statistical analysis to optimize the process of tannase-assisted tea stem pigment extraction using RSM. Additionally, there is a lack of special reports on the systematic study of the stability of pigment extracted from tea stem.
Product responsibility disclosures: do they concern with customer privacy?
Authors: Permatasari Paulina , Tanimoto Kanji , Setiawan Amelia , Kurnia Tanto 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
With the growth in the use of technology currently, it is inevitable that all individuals are currently facing the risk of data misuse by irresponsible parties. This study aims to investigate whether companies disclosed information about customer privacy in their reports. The study will also focus on the activities that have been taken by companies to protect customers’ information, and to determine if the disclosure is sufficient to show the company’s performance on the customer privacy issues based on the GRI 418 customer privacy disclosure.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses qualitative, quantitative and exploratory research based on secondary data collected from annual reports and sustainability reports. The sample used in this study are the annual reports and sustainability reports from Indonesian listed companies in the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from the year 2019 to 2021.

Findings
The findings elucidate that customer privacy disclosures are still low. Applying a content analysis method, this study uses the sustainability disclosure guidelines from the Global Reporting Initiative.

Practical implications
This study is important as it will contribute to the literature on customer privacy, which is scarce in the extant literature. Given the lack of reporting in this issue, this study found that only six out of seven industries disclose customer privacy.

Originality/value
This study is the first study that examines the product responsibility disclosures relate with customer privacy concerns of Indonesian companies from their disclosures in their sustainability reports and annual report based on the GRI 418 customer privacy disclosure.
The transgenerational consequences of paternal social isolation and predation exposure in threespined sticklebacks
Authors: Hellmann Jennifer K. , Rogers Michaela M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Parents routinely encounter stress in the ecological environment that can affect offspring development (transgenerational plasticity: TGP); however, parents' interactions with conspecifics may alter how parents respond to ecological stressors.

During social buffering, the presence of conspecifics can reduce the response to or increase the speed of recovery from a stressor. This may have cascading effects on offspring if conspecifics can mitigate parental responses to ecological stress in ways that blunt the transmission of stress‐induced transgenerational effects.

Here, we simultaneously manipulated both paternal social isolation and experience with predation risk prior to fertilisation in threespined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). We generated offspring via in‐vitro fertilisation to allow us to isolate paternal effects mediated via sperm alone (i.e. in the absence of paternal care). If social buffering mitigates TGP induced by paternal exposure to predation risk, then we expect the transgenerational effects of predation exposure to be weaker when a conspecific is present compared to when the father is isolated.

Offspring of predator‐exposed fathers showed reduced anxiety‐like behaviour and tended to be captured faster by the predator. Fathers who were socially isolated also had offspring that were captured faster by a live predator, suggesting that paternal social isolation may have maladaptive effects on how offspring respond to ecological stressors. Despite additive effects of paternal social isolation and paternal predation risk, we found no evidence of an interaction between these paternal treatments, suggesting that the presence of a conspecific did not buffer fathers and/or offspring from the effects of predation risk.

Our results suggest that socially induced stress is an important, yet underappreciated, mediator of TGP and can elicit transgenerational effects even in species that do not form permanent social groups. Future studies should therefore consider how the parental social environment can affect both within and trans‐generational responses to ecological stressors.
Decoupling of trait and species turnover in fire‐prone Mediterranean plant communities
Authors: Navarro‐Cano Jose Antonio , Goberna Marta , Pérez‐Valera Eduardo , Verdú Miguel 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Plant taxa and traits do not necessarily show synchronous responses to ecological disturbance. Based on the observation that taxonomically over‐diversified communities might be phenotypically redundant, we speculated that taxonomic and phenotypic community reassembly might be decoupled after fire in Mediterranean ecosystems.

We applied a multi‐trait approach to describe plant community re‐assembly after fire across three 20‐year chronosequences based on 117 species and 23 traits, including whole‐plant, above‐ground and below‐ground traits. We quantified the post‐fire trajectories of different plant traits by analysing their community‐weighted means individually. We estimated the short‐ and long‐term phenotypic diversity of burned plots based on sets of traits. We also tested if trait and species turnover are decoupled across post‐fire trajectories. Finally, we calculated phenotypic redundancy, and assessed if above‐ and below‐ground traits have contrasted responses during post‐fire community reassembly.

Individually, 16 out of 23 traits were affected by fire in the short term. Plant phenotypic diversity (stdMPD) decreased immediately after fire, driven by changes in whole‐ and above‐ground traits. Both whole‐ and above‐ground stdMPD in burned plots described positive trajectories across the chronosequences tending to converge with long‐unburned plots, whereas below‐ground stdMPD remained unaltered through time.

Taxonomic and phenotypic beta diversity showed decoupled trajectories due to a larger species than trait replacement across time since fire. Finally, overall phenotypic redundancy of the studied plant communities described a regressive trajectory, similarly to above‐ground traits, whereas root traits kept a steady phenotypic redundancy through time.

Synthesis. We provide evidence that above‐ and below‐ground traits describe different recovery trajectories after fire, with significant effects on the phenotypic redundancy of plant communities. Our results encourage the use of multi‐trait approaches to understand how the plant reassembly operates after disturbance, in order to refine ecological theory. This strategy might improve the efficacy of restoration programs through a functional approach to species selection.
Unique myoglobin adaptation to endothermy and flight since the origin of birds
Authors: SONG Shengjing , CHEN Heye , ZHANG Yu , ZHU Xiaojia , IRWIN David M. , HE Kai , LIU Yang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMyoglobin (Mb) mediates oxygen diffusion and storage in muscle tissue and thus is important for the energy utilization and activity of animals. Birds generally have a high body temperature, and most species also possess the capability of powered flight. Both of these require high levels of aerobic metabolism. Within endothermic mammals, bats also independently evolved flight. Although the functional evolution of myoglobins in deep‐diving amniote vertebrates has been well‐studied, the functional evolution of myoglobin since the origins of both birds and bats is unclear. Here, with Mb‐coding sequences from >200 extant amniote species, we reconstructed ancestral sequences to estimate the functional properties of myoglobin through amniote evolution. A dramatic change in net surface charge on myoglobin occurred during the origin of Aves, which might have been driven by positively selected amino acid substitutions that occurred on the lineage leading to all birds. However, in bats, no change in net surface charge occurred and instead, the Mb genes show evidence of strong purifying selection. The increased net surface charge on bird myoglobins implies an adaptation to flight‐related endothermic and higher body temperatures, possibly by reducing harmful protein aggregations. Different from the findings of net surface charge, myoglobins of extant birds show lower stability compared with other amniotes, which probably accelerates the rate of oxygen utilization in muscles. In bats and other mammals, higher stability of Mb may be an alternative pathway for adaptation to endothermy, indicating divergent evolution of myoglobin in birds and bats.
Understanding immune‐mediated titanium allergy to in situ orthopaedic implants: a narrative review of the current literature
Authors: Chen Arnold , Kurmis Andrew P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionClinical recognition of potential immune‐mediated allergic responses to implanted metal devices is increasing. For orthopaedic implants, while ‘pure’ compounds are used in specific circumstances, the majority of components are alloys – a combination of two or more distinct metals. Titanium is found commonly in many orthopaedic devices and is often championed as a ‘hypoallergenic’ option or inclusion. In the absence of a relevant previously published summary on the topic, this paper explores the current state‐of‐understanding of titanium allergy and proposes a patient management algorithm whereby such immune reactions are clinically‐suggested.MethodsA structured, systematic literature review was performed following PRISMA search principles to provide a contemporary summary‐of‐understanding in this area and to highlight clinical and knowledge deficiencies.ResultsThirty‐five topic‐related articles were identified, the majority reflecting small case series' or proof‐of‐concept studies. The general standard of scientific evidence available was poor. Justification for arthroplasty utilization of titanium as a ‘hypoallergenic’ option is largely extrapolated from non‐orthopaedic domains.ConclusionsBoth ionic and conjugated titanium particles released from implant surfaces have the potential to trigger innate immune responses and true allergy. There exists no simple, high‐sensitivity, screening test for titanium allergy. Conventional skin‐patch testing is unreliable due to poor dermal penetration. Given established lymphocyte and macrophage activation pathways for allergy responses, in vitro methods using both cell‐types show diagnostic promise. Surgical biopsy analysis from host‐implant interfaces remains the contemporary ‘gold‐standard’, however this represents an invasive, costly and highly‐specialized approach not readily available in most settings. Further research to establish reliable/accessible diagnostic methods are indicated.
Unnecessary care in orthopaedic surgery
Authors: Boyle Alex B. , Harris Ian A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUnnecessary care, where the potential for harm exceeds the potential for benefit, is widespread in medical care. Orthopaedic surgery is no exception. This has significant implications for patient safety and health care expenditure. This narrative review explores unnecessary care in orthopaedic surgery. There is wide geographic variation in orthopaedic surgical practice that cannot be explained by differences in local patient populations. Furthermore, many orthopaedic interventions lack adequate low‐bias evidence to support their use. Quantifying the size of the problem is difficult, but the economic burden and morbidity associated with unnecessary care is likely to be significant. An evidence gap, evidence‐practice gap, cognitive biases, and health system factors all contribute to unnecessary care in orthopaedic surgery. Unnecessary care is harming patients and incurring high costs. Solutions include increasing awareness of the problem, aligning financial incentives to high value care and away from low value care, and demanding low bias evidence where none exists.
Review article: advances in the diagnosis and management of anorectal motility disorders
Authors: Shahsavari Dariush , Rao Satish S. C. 
Published: July 2024

SummaryBackgroundAnorectal motility disorders such as dyssynergic defecation (DD), faecal incontinence (FI) and anorectal pain affect 40% of the population and are a frequent reason for gastroenterology consultation. They significantly affect the quality of life and lead to psychological distress. Lack of understanding of these problems compounded by a lack of availability and knowledge of diagnostic tools in most medical centres and/or trained physicians has significantly hampered this field.AimsTo discuss the latest advances in pathophysiology, diagnostic tests and therapeutic options for these disorders using an evidence‐based approach.MethodsWe reviewed the published literature over the past 20 years on DD, FI and anorectal pain and distilled these into a narrative review.ResultsA detailed history, prospective stool diary and digital rectal exam, together with diagnostic tests such as anorectal manometry, balloon expulsion test, translumbosacral anorectal magnetic stimulation test for assessing neuropathy, defecography and anal ultrasound, can provide detailed mechanistic and structural information. Such knowledge can pave the way for a meaningful and pathophysiologic‐based management approach. This could include biofeedback therapy for DD or FI, sensory training for rectal hyposensitivity or sensory adaptation training for rectal hypersensitivity or sphincter bulking agents or neuromodulation therapies. These treatments are effective and safe.ConclusionsAnorectal motility disorders are common, but either less well recognized or poorly managed by most gastroenterologists. Equipped with the practical and up‐to‐date knowledge provided in this review, physicians could provide improved health care for these patients.
Unearthing the shadows of history: Chemical traces of Second World War atrocities in the Szpęgawski Forest and Death Valley, Poland
Authors: Kobiałka Dawid , Fabiańska Monika , Rennwanz Joanna , Hildebrandt‐Radke Iwona 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article presents the results of analyses of the chemical composition of organic matter and the occurrence of characteristic geochemical and biochemical markers in 17 samples collected from the Second World War mass graves excavated in the Szpęgawski Forest and Death Valley, Poland. The results show that attempts to cover up mass crimes by burning the bodies of the victims have left their own traces—that each attempt to cover up the crime is associated with the creation of further evidence of the crimes committed.