bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revision of task description of educational development centers and educational development offices: Toward performance improvement
Authors: Shaterjalali Maria , Yamani Nikoo , Mohammadi Aeen 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:
In recent years, educational development centers (EDCs) have evolved among universities from a marginal to a strategic aspect. The present study aimed to achieve an applicable task description at two levels of basic and quality improvement for EDCs and educational development offices (EDOs).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This research used the triangulation method. Initially, the current condition of EDCs across the country was evaluated with an electronic questionnaire in 2019. In the second phase, the modified Delphi method was used in two rounds with purposive sampling and a researcher-made questionnaire. The research participants were from all of the country. In the RAND technique, an electronic questionnaire was sent to 14 experts in medical education. After the analysis, the results were discussed, and the questions were answered again. We determined frequency and used content analysis.

RESULTS:
The task descriptions containing basic and quality improvement have been developed in three main sections: Organizational communication of EDCs and EDOs for policymaking; organizational structures, organizational charts, and the budget of EDCs and EDOs; and developmental roles of EDCs and EDOs (curriculum policies, curriculum development, blended learning, community-oriented), faculty development, evaluation (student assessment, faculty evaluation, program evaluation, accreditation), research (educational research, educational scholarship, innovative educational designs, events), and students (student committee, talented students).

CONCLUSION:
The task description guidelines have been prepared with 68 articles in basic and quality improvement and three main sections, including organizational communication of the EDCs and EDOs, organizational structures, the budget of the EDCs and EDOs, and their development roles.
Storytelling as an educational strategy for midwifery students: A qualitative study
Authors: Ghasab Shirazi Morvarid , Pourghane Parand , Mehrabian Fardin 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Narratives can provide a framework to teach the concepts of patient-centered care to the students. This article describes the experiences of midwifery students from employing of purposive storytelling as a teaching strategy in the education program.

Material and Methods:
This qualitative study used an in-depth interview method to collect the experiences of midwifery students engaged in a narrative medicine training program. The narrative-based teaching activities focused on three patients to teach four themes (clinical manifestations, treatment options, prevention strategies, and ethics), and related to MMR (maternal mortality rate) concept offered to students from Guilan University of Medical Sciences in 2022–2023. At the end of the course, all students were invited to provide experiences regarding the teaching method. Conventional content analysis was performed simultaneously with data collection. Four-dimension criteria (Lincoln and Guba) were used to evaluate the rigor of the findings.

Results:
Data analysis led to the extraction of three main categories and eight sub-categories: effective learning (extended learning, a safe learning environment, and boosted motivation for midwifery role), challenges on the way of learning (contagious sadness, shattered cohesion, and executive monopoly), and challenges on the way of performance improvement (the necessity of interdisciplinary education and the inevitability of a strong foundation).

Conclusions:
Narrative-based teaching may improve the learning experience of students, but it is not possible to train all the course content by this method, and it should ideally be a supplement to other educational methods, such as lecturing.
A Case of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease with psychiatric presentation
Authors: Dutta Anirban , Das Sameeksha , Harbishettar Vijaykumar 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) belongs to the group of fatal neurodegenerative disorders known as prion diseases. We are going to describe the case of a 54-year-old married man who initially presented with rapidly progressive cognitive decline along with behavioral symptoms and was subsequently diagnosed with probable CJD. He presented with 1½ months history of disinhibited behavior, decreased social interaction, persecutory ideas, food refusal, and decreased sleep along with cognitive decline. On examination, the patient had myoclonus and ataxia. Routine blood investigations, serological tests, and autoimmune and paraneoplastic profiles were normal. Injection haloperidol 2.5 mg intramuscular for behavioral symptoms was given with no improvement. The cerebrospinal fluid study revealed positive results for 14-3-3 protein. The patient was diagnosed with probable CJD and subsequently passed away within 1 month of presentation. Thus, CJD should be kept in the differential diagnosis of patients with cognitive decline and persistent behavioral symptoms despite standard psychiatric treatment.
Association between severity of dementia, wandering behavior, and caregiver burden among caregivers of persons living with dementia
Authors: Anu K. N. , Vasanthra Cicil Radhakrishna , Antony Sojan , Philip Mariamma , Ammapattian Thirumoorthy , Sivakumar Palanimuthu Thangaraju 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
In dementia, wandering is a challenging and distressing behavioral problem. The caregiver burden will differ between the group of persons with dementia with or without wandering behavior. Understanding the difference in caregiver burden between these two groups will help mental health professionals to have a specific care plan for those who have wandering behavior.

Methodology:
This is descriptive research which attempts to understand the wandering behavior and its association with the caregiver burden. The total sample size was 151. Samples were selected from a tertiary care center. The Revised Algase Wandering Scale Community Version and the Zarit Burden Interview were used to measure wandering and caregiver burden.

Results:
There was a significant correlation between wandering behavior and caregiver burden (r = 0.582, P = 0.001). Similarly, there was a significant correlation between wandering behavior and the severity of dementia (r = 0.390, P = 0.005). The unique finding of the study was that wandering behavior predicted 30% of caregiver burden.

Conclusion:
Findings indicate the need to address the wandering behavior to control the caregiver burden.
Catatonia among elderly: A retrospective study from an inpatient setting of a tertiary care center
Authors: Grover Sandeep , Laxmi Raj , Chakrabarti Subho 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
There is limited data on the prevalence, symptom profile, and etiology of catatonia among the elderly.

Aim:
This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, symptom profile, and primary etiology of catatonia among elderly patients (≥60 years) admitted to an indoor acute care psychiatric unit of a general hospital setting.

Methodology:
For this retrospective study, the inpatient psychiatry registry of the department for the period of January 2016 and June 2023 was screened to identify elderly patients (aged ≥60 years). The treatment records of these patients were screened for the presence of catatonia. The symptom profile of those with catatonia as per the rating on the Bush Francis Catatonia Rating Scale (BFCRS) and the psychiatric diagnosis made as per the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision was extracted and compared with those without catatonia.

Results:
Out of the 298 elderly patients admitted to the inpatient unit during the study period, 33 (11.1%) had catatonia at the time of admission. As per BFCRS, the most common catatonic symptoms were mutism (100%), followed by staring (93.9%), immobility (84.8%) and rigidity (84.8%), posturing/catalepsy (69.7%), negativism (66.7%), withdrawal (60.6%), and autonomic abnormality (42.2%). No significant difference was noted among those with and without catatonia in terms of sociodemographic variables. In terms of the etiology of catatonia, in the majority of the patients, catatonia is associated with affective disorder (unipolar > bipolar disorder) (28 out of the 33 patients), followed by dementia (n = 3) and psychotic disorder (n = 2). In terms of management, compared to those without catatonia, those with catatonia more often received benzodiazepines and electroconvulsive therapy.

Conclusion:
About one-tenth of the elderly admitted to the acute psychiatry inpatient units have catatonia, most of them have retarded catatonia, and the majority of the catatonia among the elderly is associated with affective disorders.
A comparative study of electroconvulsive therapy among the elderly and adult patients with depressive disorder
Authors: Grover Sandeep , Naskar Chandrima , Chakrabarti Subho , Mehra Aseem 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:
The present study aimed to compare the clinical profile, indications for electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), effectiveness of ECT, and complications associated with the use of ECT among elderly and adult patients.

Methodology:
Using a retrospective study design, data from patients with a diagnosis of unipolar depression, who received ECT between January 2013 and March 2023 was extracted. Based on the age at the time of receiving ECT, the study sample was divided into adult (age <60 years) and elderly (≥60 years) groups and compared.

Results:
The study included data from 1144 patients with depression. Of them, 371 (32.4%) patients were aged 60 years or above. Compared to the adult group, a significantly higher number of patients in the elderly group were diagnosed with recurrent depressive disorder (P < 0.001), had psychotic symptoms (P < 0.001), and had at least one medical comorbidity. Compared to adult patients, elderly depressed patients had longer total lifetime duration of illness (P < 0.001) and longer duration of current symptoms (P = 0.012). In terms of indications for ECT, the elderly patients had a higher frequency of poor response to the pharmacological treatment (P = 0.003) and a lower frequency of suicidality and attempts at self-harm (P < 0.001). Compared to adults, elderly patients received a higher number of effective ECTs (P = 0.04). There were no differences between the two groups in terms of the reason for stopping ECT and the extent of improvement. However, a higher proportion of the elderly experienced complications related to ECT and received repeat ECT courses (P = 0.003) and continuation ECT (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
The present study shows that there are some differences between the elderly and adult patients with depression in terms of indications for ECT, side effects related to ECT, need for multiple courses of ECT, and continuation ECT. However, the efficacy of ECT does not differ between the two groups.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Three Interventions on Mineralization of Young Permanent Teeth Using DIAGNOdent™ Pen: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Agnihotri Akshata , Prasad K.V.V. , Sharda Shweta , Afnan Lamea 
Published: July 2024

Background:
The occurrence of dental caries is influenced by the interplay of host factors, microbial factors, and environment factors collectively forming the epidemiological triad of dental caries. Modification of the caries epidemiological triad limits the caries progression by shifting the equilibrium toward re-mineralization.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of dietary sugar intake modification, plaque control measures, and fluoride toothpaste on the mineralization of enamel using DIAGNOdent™ pen scores.

Methodology:
108 children aged 13–15 years, qualified the preset inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomly allocated into one among the three interventional groups such as Group 1: Diet counseling; Group 2: Educational intervention of toothbrushing and oral rinsing; and Group 3: Fluoride toothpaste. The sugar scores from 1 week’s diet history, plaque index scores, the weight of the fluoride toothpaste, and DIAGNOdent™ pen scores were recorded at the baseline visit and subsequently at 6- and 12-week intervals. Statistical analysis was done using Chi-square, repeated measure analysis of variance, and Tukey’s post hoc tests to determine the relationship between the variables.

Results:
The percentage reduction in DIAGNOdent pen score at 12-week time interval in Group 1 was 25.37%, Group 2 was 6.77%, and Group 3 was 13.37%. Intergroup comparison revealed that Group 1 showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) as compared to Group 2 and Group 3, but Group 2 was as effective as Group 3 in teeth remineralization.

Conclusion:
the results suggest that among the abovementioned interventions, the dietary sugar restriction group is related to improved mineralization when compared to the instructed toothbrushing, oral rinsing, and fluoride toothpaste groups.
Determination of Fluoride Levels and pH in Community Drinking Water Supply across Pune City, Maharashtra
Authors: Joshi Gandhali Malgaonkar , Patel Alok Ramesh , Jajoo Shweta S. , Shah Rohan V. , Chaudhary Shweta M. , Lakade Laxmi S. 
Published: July 2024

Context:
The knowledge of fluoride levels and pH in potable water is important for health-care personnel and policymakers in general and dentists in particular, but the data regarding fluoride levels and pH of community drinking water in Pune City are deficient.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to determine the fluoride levels and pH in community drinking water supply across Pune City, Maharashtra.

Subjects and Methods:
In an in
vitro, experimental study, a total of 30 water samples were collected from one water treatment plant, one water storage reservoir, and three adjoining residential areas of the Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) and Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation (PCMC) region. They were analyzed for fluoride content using (2-(parasulfophenylazo)-1,8-dihydroxy-3,6-naphthalene disulfonate) based-spectrophotometric method, and for pH using a digital pH meter.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Fluoride and pH values were subjected to Mann–Whitney U-test and intragroup comparison of fluoride and pH levels at various levels of water distribution was performed using Kruskal–Wallis test.

Results:
The mean concentration of fluoride and the pH in water samples from different locations across Pune City were 0.262 and 7.02 mg/L, respectively. Although levels across various sources were different, there was no statistical difference between the fluoride content or the pH of the water from sources across PMC and PCMC regions.

Conclusions:
The fluoride content of the community water supply of Pune City was below the recommended standards yet within the permissible limits in considering the temperature range in Pune City across different seasons. The pH of the drinking water of Pune City was optimal.
Association of Dental Caries with Odontogenic Infections and Nutritional Status in an Orphanage of Raichur District: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Gupta Ritu , Acharya Arun Kumar , Puri Nidhi , Menon Ipseeta , Rathore Akshay , Sharma Dipanshi 
Published: July 2024

Aim:
The aim of the study was to assess the association of nutritional status and dental caries in children at an orphanage in Raichur city, Karnataka.

Materials and Methods:
A specially designed structured questionnaire was administered to a total of 101 children of the orphanage to gather demographic details, dietary habits, sugar exposure, and oral hygiene practices. The sweet score was recorded as given by Nizel and Papas, body mass index (BMI) was assessed using the Centers for Disease Control 2000, growth charts, dental caries, and odontogenic infections were recorded using decayed missing filled teeth in deciduous dentition (dmft)/Decayed Missing Filled Teeth in permanent dentition (DMFT) and pufa/PUFA (Pulpal involvement, Ulceration, Fistula, and Abscess) index (Monse et
al., 2010), respectively.

Results:
A total of 101 participants were enrolled in the study including children aged 6–15 years old with a mean age of 10.67 ± 2.74 years. A statistically significant relation was found between the duration of stay in an orphanage and the prevalence of dental caries (P < 0.05). A statistically significant positive correlation was found between the duration of stay in the orphanage and BMI (0.382) dmft/DMFT (0.203). In addition, a statistically significant positive correlation was also observed between dmft/DMFT and pufa/PUFA.

Conclusion:
The study showed caries to be primarily associated with the sugar exposure and dietary habits, whereas untreated dental decay was the main cause of odontogenic infections. The untreated caries PUFA ratio was 13.98% with only one filled component, indicating the unmet needs for decayed teeth and lack of awareness and access to preventive and curative dental care facilities by the children of the orphanage.
COVID-19 Susceptibility among ABO/RH Blood Groups in Tamil Nadu Population: A Retrospective Case–Control Study
Authors: Ilango Paavai , Cherian Sanjay M. , Mahalingam Arulpari , Reddy Vineela Katam , Vummidi Ayswarya V. , Gomathi G.D 
Published: July 2024

Background:
COVID-19 is a world pandemic with clinical manifestation from mild subclinical infection to severe illness. Literature suggests an evident correlation between the ABO blood group, Rhesus blood group, and COVID-19 in the recent past. The role of blood group in disease susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 varies in different geographical locations, as ABO blood group distribution varies among the human population with the impact of migration. Although various research have been done globally, scientific evidence with respect to the south Indian population remains limited, emphasizing the need for the present study to analyze the association of COVID-19 and blood groups in Tamil Nadu.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to analyze the potential susceptibility of COVID-19 among the blood groups (ABO and Rh type) in Tamil Nadu population.

Materials and Methods:
This was a noninterventional retrospective case–control study, with 500 patients who tested positive for COVID-19 being taken as the “cases,” while another 500 who tested negative were taken as the “controls.” The medical records, including the blood group and Rh factor, were collected from the government-recognized testing centers (Government Medical Hospital and Primary Health Centers, Tiruvallur, and Frontier Lifeline Hospital, Chennai) in Tamil Nadu, who came for COVID-19 screening by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction. The data were analyzed to associate its correlation with different blood groups.

Results:
Blood Group A showed significantly higher distribution among the cases (P = 0.030), and blood Groups O and B were significant among the controls (P = 0.026 and P = 0.000, respectively). Blood Group AB did not show any significant differences between the groups (P = 0.374). The odds ratio for AB, A, O, and B Groups for Rh (positive and negative) were shown to be 0.659, 0.591, 0.472, and 0.262, respectively, suggesting increased susceptibility toward Rh positive factor.

Conclusion:
In our study, blood Group A was found to be the most susceptible and blood Group O to be the least susceptible to COVID-19 in the Tamil Nadu population. In addition, the Rh positive factor showed more inclination toward COVID susceptibility than the Rh negative factor. ABO blood group may be considered a potential nonmodifiable and secondary risk factor for COVID-19 contributing to the disease pathobiology at immunological, biochemical, and physiological levels. Still, the intensity of their role and their exact mechanism in its association requires further exploration to validate the current findings.
Evaluation of Anti-Plaque Efficacy of a Herbal and Non-Herbal Dentifrice: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Rawat Aditi , Kaur Navpreet , Priya Ratna , Sharma Vivek , Bhalla Manish , Gupta Roopali 
Published: July 2024

Context:
The primary objective of using dentifrice is to remove plaque biofilm from tooth surfaces and additionally protect teeth from sequelae of events – halitosis, gingivitis, periodontal inflammation, and dental caries.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and consumer satisfaction profile of using herbal and nonherbal dentifrice in controlling dental plaque.

Settings and Design:
The randomized clinical trial was conducted on dental students at K. D. Dental College and Hospital, Mathura.

Subjects and Methods:
The triple-blinded trial was conducted during July 2022 over 15 days among 50 dental students of the institute, aged 18–21 years selected using simple random sampling and allocated into two groups: Group A – herbal dentifrice (Patanjali Dant Kanti dentifrice) and Group B – nonherbal dentifrice (Colgate dentifrice). At baseline, open ended self administered questionnaire regarding general information was recorded followed by full mouth prophylaxis and instructions to brush twice daily with allocated dentifrice following modified bass technique. Plaque assessment was done for index teeth on the 7th and 15th days using the plaque index.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The data were analyzed using SPSS. Intergroup comparisons were done using paired t-test and descriptive statistics for consumer satisfaction profile assessment.

Results:
The mean plaque index scores for Groups A and B was reduced at 15th day in comparison to scores on 7th day. Consumer satisfaction feedback was found statistically significant for Group A with insignificant for Group B on few parameters.

Conclusions:
Herbal dentifrice had similar antiplaque efficacy to nonherbal dentifrice with satisfactory consumer feedback without side effects on using them.
Evaluation of Antibacterial Efficacy of Wax Apple (Syzygium samarangense) Fruit Extracts Against Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans – An In vitro Study
Authors: Sulthana D. S. Gazala , Sapna B. , Smitha Gowdara Prakash 
Published: July 2024

Objective:
The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of wax apple (Syzygium samarangense) fruit extracts (aqueous and ethanol) against Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans.

Methodology:
The stock solution was prepared for microbial analysis (100 mg/ml). A disc diffusion test to determine the zone of inhibition and the serial broth dilution test to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration were done to assess the antimicrobial activity. Data obtained were appraised observationally and interpreted.

Results:
When assessed for antibacterial activity of extracts by disc diffusion method, both aqueous and ethanolic extracts did not show a zone of inhibition on P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans. However, the aqueous extract showed an inhibition zone of 8 mm at the concentration of 50 and 75 µl/ml against F. nucleatum. Similarly, the ethanolic extract showed an inhibition zone of 8 mm at 50 µl/ml and 9 mm at 75 µl/ml volume against F. nucleatum. When assessed for antibacterial activity of extracts by serial broth dilution method, only P. gingivalis (both aqueous and ethanolic extracts at 50 µg/ml) and F. nucleatum (aqueous extracts at 1. 6 µg/ml and ethanolic extract at 0.4 µg/ml) exhibited antibacterial effect, whereas A. actinomycetemcomitans was completely resistant to both extracts at all the concentrations.

Conclusion:
In the present in vitro study, S. samarangense (wax apple) showed its antibacterial activity against F. nucleatum only by exhibiting MIC at 1.6 µg/ml for aqueous and 0.4 µg/ml for ethanolic extract, but no antibacterial activity was shown against P. gingivalis and A.
actinomycetemcomitans.