bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gold speciation and transport in geological fluids: insights from experiments and physical-chemical modelling
Authors: Pokrovski Gleb S. , Akinfiev Nikolay N. , Borisova Anastassia Y. , Zotov Alexandre V. , Kouzmanov Kalin 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

This contribution provides an overview of available experimental, thermodynamic, and molecular data on Au aqueous speciation, solubility, and partitioning in major types of geological fluids in the Earth's crust, from low-temperature aqueous solution to supercritical hydrothermal-magmatic fluids, vapours, and silicate melts. Critical revisions of these data allow generation of a set of thermodynamic properties of the AuOH, AuCl
−
2
, AuHS, and Au(HS)
−
2
complexes dominant in aqueous hydrothermal solutions; however, other complexes involving different sulphur forms, chloride, and alkali metals may operate in high-temperature sulphur-rich fluids, vapours, and melts. The large affinity of Au for reduced sulphur is responsible for Au enrichment in S-rich vapours and sulphide melts, which are important gold sources for hydrothermal deposits. Thermodynamic, speciation, and partitioning data, and their comparison with Au and S contents in natural fluid inclusions from magmatic-hydrothermal gold deposits, provide new constraints on the major physical-chemical parameters (temperature, pressure, salinity, acidity, redox) and ubiquitous fluid components (sulphur, carbon dioxide, arsenic) affecting Au concentration, transport, precipitation, and fractionation from other metals in the crust. The availability and speciation of sulphur and their changes with the fluid and melt evolution are the key factors controlling gold behaviour in most geological situations.
p53 Is Positively Regulated by miR-542-3p
Authors: Wang Yemin , Huang Jen-Wei , Castella Maria , Huntsman David George , Taniguchi Toshiyasu 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 and miRNAs are linked through a complex network. Several miRNAs modulate p53 expression, while p53 regulates the transcription and/or biogenesis of several other miRNAs. Here, we report the development of a cell-based assay used with a library of human miRNA mimics in a high-throughput screen for miRNAs that modulate p53 expression. Overexpression of miRNA (miR)-542-3p in cancer cells elevated p53 expression, stimulated the expression of p53 targets, and inhibited cell proliferation. Mechanistically, miR-542-3p increased p53 protein stability by weakening interactions between p53 and its negative regulator MDM2. Furthermore, miR-542-3p suppressed ribosome biogenesis by downregulating a subset of ribosomal proteins such as RPS23, leading to upregulation of RPL11 and stabilization of p53. The 3′untranslated region in the RPS23 transcript contained a miR-542-3p–binding site, suggesting that RPS23 is a direct target of miR-542-3p. Our results define miR-542-3p as an important new positive regulator of p53 with potential applications in cancer treatment. Cancer Res; 74(12); 3218–27. ©2014 AACR.
A Randomized, Controlled Trial to Increase Discussion of Breast Cancer in Primary Care
Authors: Kaplan Celia P. , Livaudais-Toman Jennifer , Tice Jeffrey A. , Kerlikowske Karla , Gregorich Steven E. , Pérez-Stable Eliseo J. , Pasick Rena J. , Chen Alice , Quinn Jessica , Karliner Leah S. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Background: Assessment and discussion of individual risk for breast cancer within the primary care setting are crucial to discussion of risk reduction and timely referral.
Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled trial of a multiethnic, multilingual sample of women ages 40 to 74 years from two primary care practices (one academic, one safety net) to test a breast cancer risk assessment and education intervention. Patients were randomly assigned to control or intervention group. All patients completed a baseline telephone survey and risk assessment (via telephone for controls, via tablet computer in clinic waiting room before visit for intervention). Intervention (BreastCARE) patients and their physicians received an individualized risk report to discuss during the visit. One-week follow-up telephone surveys with all patients assessed patient–physician discussion of family cancer history, personal breast cancer risk, high-risk clinics, and genetic counseling/testing.
Results: A total of 655 control and 580 intervention women completed the risk assessment and follow-up interview; 25% were high-risk by family history, Gail, or Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium risk models. BreastCARE increased discussions of family cancer history [OR, 1.54; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.25–1.91], personal breast cancer risk (OR, 4.15; 95% CI, 3.02–5.70), high-risk clinics (OR, 3.84; 95% CI, 2.13–6.95), and genetic counseling/testing (OR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.34–3.68). Among high-risk women, all intervention effects were stronger.
Conclusions: An intervention combining an easy-to-use, quick risk assessment tool with patient-centered risk reports at the point of care can successfully promote discussion of breast cancer risk reduction between patients and primary care physicians, particularly for high-risk women.
Impact: Next steps include scaling and dissemination of BreastCARE with integration into electronic medical record systems. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(7); 1245–53. ©2014 AACR.
Prevailing Role of Contact Guidance in Intrastromal T-cell Trapping in Human Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Hartmann Natalie , Giese Nathalia A. , Giese Thomas , Poschke Isabel , Offringa Rienk , Werner Jens , Ryschich Eduard 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPurpose: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by extensive collagen-rich stroma. T cells that infiltrate pancreatic cancers frequently become trapped in the stroma and do not contact tumor cells. Here, we aimed to analyze how chemokines and extracellular matrix (ECM) collagen interact in mediating T-cell infiltration in PDAC.Experimental Design: T-cell distribution and ECM structure within tumors were analyzed. Chemokine concentrations in human PDAC were compared with the levels of immune cell infiltration. We assessed the influences of selected chemokines and collagen on directed and random T-cell movement using in vitro migration systems.Results: PDAC overproduced several T-cell-active chemokines, but their levels were not correlated with intratumoral T-cell infiltration. In the absence of collagen, directed migration of activated T cells was induced by chemokines. Interestingly, collagen itself promoted high migratory activity of T cells, but completely abolished chemokine-guided movement. This effect was not altered by a β1-integrin blocking antibody. Activated T cells actively migrated in low-density collagen matrices, but migration was inhibited in dense collagen. Accordingly, T cells were heterogeneously distributed in the pancreatic cancer stroma, with the majority residing in areas of low-density collagen far from tumor clusters.Conclusion: The excessive desmoplasia in PDAC promotes T-cell migration by contact guidance, which abrogates tumor cell–directed movement. Furthermore, dense collagen networks represent a physical barrier, additionally rearranging T-cell distribution to favor tumor stroma. These mechanisms are mainly responsible for intrastromal T-cell trapping in pancreatic cancer and may hinder the development of T-cell–based immunotherapies. Clin Cancer Res; 20(13); 3422–33. ©2014 AACR.
A Phase Ib Study of the Effects of Black Raspberries on Rectal Polyps in Patients with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis
Authors: Wang Li-Shu , Burke Carol A. , Hasson Henrietta , Kuo Chieh-Ti , Molmenti Christine L. Sardo , Seguin Claire , Liu Pengyuan , Huang Tim H.-M. , Frankel Wendy L. , Stoner Gary D. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is characterized by the early onset of colonic polyposis and a high risk for colorectal cancer. FAP is treated by colectomy followed by lifelong removal of rectal polyps. This study determined whether black raspberries (BRBs) might regress rectal polyps in patients with FAP. Fourteen patients with FAP were treated with BRBs daily for 9 months. Seven patients received BRB powder orally plus two BRB suppositories inserted into the rectum at bedtime. The other 7 received an oral placebo plus the suppositories. Rectal polyp counts and polyp sizes were obtained at time zero and after 9 months of BRB treatment. Polyps and adjacent normal tissue were collected at both time points. The burden (P = 0.036) but not number (P = 0.069) of rectal polyps was significantly decreased. No benefit was noted with the addition of oral BRBs. Three patients were nonresponders. BRBs significantly decreased cellular proliferation, DNA methylation methyl transferase 1 protein expression, and p16 promoter methylation, but not promoter methylation of the Wnt pathway antagonists, SFRP2 and WIF1, in rectal polyps (adenomas) from responders but not from nonresponders. The MBD-seq assay revealed more demethylated transcription start sites (TSS), including those for miRNAs, in BRB-treated adenomas from the responders. In conclusion, BRB suppositories seem sufficient for regressing rectal polyps in patients with FAP. Cancer Prev Res; 7(7); 666–74. ©2014 AACR.
Overview of pleiotropic effects of platelet P2Y12 receptor inhibitors
Authors: Koziński Marek , Ostrowska Małgorzata , Fabiszak Tomasz , Navarese Eliano Pio , Paciorek Przemysław , Grześk Grzegorz , Kubica Jacek , Adamski Piotr 
Published: April 2014

SummaryDual antiplatelet therapy consisting of one of the P2Y12 receptor inhibitors in conjunction with aspirin is the mainstay of treatment for patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and those undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). In recent years, multiple extra-platelet features of P2Y12 receptor antagonists have been reported in numerous clinical trials. The aim of this review is to summarise reported pleiotropic effects of clopidogrel, prasugrel, ticagrelor and other P2Y12 receptor blockers. We included observations made both in human and in animal models, together with proposed mechanisms of action for described features. If confirmed in randomised studies and properly applied to everyday practice, the observed extra-platelet actions could enable us to improve efficacy of ACS and post-PCI treatment, as well as to confine mortality and occurrence rate of cardiovascular events.
Genetic Dissection of Tie Pathway in Mouse Lymphatic Maturation and Valve Development
Authors: Shen Bin , Shang Zhi , Wang Bo , Zhang Luqing , Zhou Fei , Li Taotao , Chu Man , Jiang Haijuan , Wang Ying , Qiao Tong , Zhang Jun , Sun Wei , Kong Xiangqing , He Yulong 
Published: April 2014

Objective—
The genetic program underlying lymphatic development is still incompletely understood. This study aims to dissect the role of receptor tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin-like and EGF (epidermal growth factor)-like domains 1 (Tie1) and Tie2 in lymphatic formation using genetically modified mouse models.

Approach and Results—

We generated conditional knockout mouse models targeting Tie1, Tie2, and angiopoietin-2 in this study.
Tie1

Δ
ICD
/Δ
ICD

mice, with its intracellular domain targeted, appeared normal at E10.5 but displayed subcutaneous edema by E13.5. Lymph sac formation occurred in
Tie1

Δ
ICD
/Δ
ICD

mice, but they had defects with the remodeling of primary lymphatic network to form collecting vessels and valvulogenesis. Consistently, induced deletion of Tie1-ICD postnatally using a ubiquitous Cre deleter led to abnormal lymphangiogenesis and valve formation in
Tie1-ICD

iUCKO/
−

mice. In comparison with the lymphatic phenotype of Tie1 mutants, we found that the diameter of lymphatic capillaries was significantly less in mice deficient of angiopoietin-2, besides the disruption of collecting lymphatic vessel formation as previously reported. There was also no lymphedema observed in
Ang2
−/−
mice during embryonic development, which differs from that of
Tie1

Δ
ICD
/Δ
ICD

mice. We further investigated whether Tie1 exerted its function via Tie2 during lymphatic development. To our surprise, genetic deletion of Tie2 (
Tie2

iUCKO/
−

) in neonate mice did not affect lymphatic vessel growth and maturation.

Conclusions—
In contrast to the important role of Tie2 in the regulation of blood vascular development, Tie1 is crucial in the process of lymphatic remodeling and maturation, which is independent of Tie2.
Virtual Reality Exercise Improves Mobility After Stroke
Authors: McEwen Daniel , Taillon-Hobson Anne , Bilodeau Martin , Sveistrup Heidi , Finestone Hillel 
Published: April 2014

Background and Purpose—
Exercise using virtual reality (VR) has improved balance in adults with traumatic brain injury and community-dwelling older adults. Rigorous randomized studies regarding its efficacy, safety, and applicability with individuals after stroke are lacking. The purpose of this study was to determine whether an adjunct VR therapy improves balance, mobility, and gait in stroke rehabilitation inpatients.

Methods—
A blinded randomized controlled trial studying 59 stroke survivors on an inpatient stroke rehabilitation unit was performed. The treatment group (n=30) received standard stroke rehabilitation therapy plus a program of VR exercises that challenged balance (eg, soccer goaltending, snowboarding) performed while standing. The control group (n=29) received standard stroke rehabilitation therapy plus exposure to identical VR environments but whose games did not challenge balance (performed in sitting). VR training consisted of 10 to 12 thirty-minute daily sessions for a 3-week period. Objective outcome measures of balance and mobility were assessed before, immediately after, and 1 month after training.

Results—

Confidence intervals and effect sizes favored the treatment group on the Timed Up and Go and the Two-Minute Walk Test, with both groups meeting minimal clinical important differences after training. More individuals in the treatment group than in the control group showed reduced impairment in the lower extremity as measured by the Chedoke McMaster Leg domain (
P
=0.04) immediately after training.

Conclusions—
This VR exercise intervention for inpatient stroke rehabilitation improved mobility-related outcomes. Future studies could include nonambulatory participants as well as the implementation strategies for the clinical use of VR.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.ANZCTR.org.au/
. Unique identifier: ACTRN12613000710729.
Interaction with a Therapy Dog Enhances the Effects of Social Story Method in Autistic Children
Authors: Grigore Andreea A. , Rusu Alina S. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
This study explored the effects of a combination between two methods that have proved to enhance the social abilities of autistic children—Social Story and Animal Assisted Therapy. The main hypothesis of this investigation was that a naturally enriched social environment (i.e., the presence of a therapy dog) improves the effectiveness of Social Story method. Two social skills were targeted: (1) the ability to greet a social partner and (2) the ability to introduce oneself to a social partner, by using a standard single-subject research design. Three preschool autistic children were included in the study. The dependent variables were the frequency of the appropriate social interactions relevant to the target social skill, the level of prompt needed to provide the expected social response, and the frequency of social initiations. The presence of the therapy dog while reading the social story increased the frequency of social initiations and decreased the level of social prompt needed to elicit social responses from children with autism.
Learning to Be Affected: Subjectivity, Sense, and Sensibility in Animal Rights Activism
Authors: Hansson Niklas , Jacobsson Kerstin 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Becoming an animal rights activist is not just a process of identity change and re-socialization but also implies, as this article suggests, a “re-engineering” of affective cognitive repertoires and processes of “sensibilization” in relation to nonhuman animals. Activists thereby develop their mental responsiveness and awareness and refine their embodied sensitivity and capacity for sensing. The article proposes a theoretical perspective for understanding these processes. Empirically, this article examines the development of affective dispositions informing activists’ subjectivity and embodied sensibilities. It looks at the ways in which visceral, bodily, or affective responses are cultivated to reinforce activist commitments. First, the analysis identifies “micro-shocks” and “re-shocking” experiences as mechanisms for sustaining commitment. Second, “emphatic identification” and “embodied simulation” are highlighted as mechanisms for nurturing empathy towards animals. Finally, it identifies the role of “affective meat encounters” and the cultivation of disgust as mechanisms for nurturing sensibilities. The analysis is based on a case study of animal rights activists in Sweden.
Hunting the Exotic: Practices, Discourses, and Narratives of Hunting in New Zealand
Authors: Reis Arianne Carvalhedo 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis paper makes a contribution to nonhuman animal studies by discussing the tensions in practices, discourses, and narratives of hunting in a settler postcolonial society. It aims to present a discussion of how the imperialist construct of the “exotic” is applied to nonhuman animals. The focus of the paper is on the different roles the exotic animal status plays in the hunting experience in New Zealand, and how other agencies also play a part in the construction of the hunting discourses and personal narratives in relation to the exotic animal. The paper concludes that the exotic concept is closely linked to a celebration of New Zealand’s distinctiveness from their colonizer. Always a process of “Othering,” the exotic status not only impinges on the relationship established with the nonhuman animal prey, but also leads to an inconsistent discourse that implies a speciesist position, one which is nonetheless consistent with a dominionist performance.
Returns to Education in Palestine and Turkey: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Tansel Aysit , Daoud Yousef 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis study exposes a comparative treatment of the private returns to education in Palestine and Turkey over the period 2004-2008. Comparable data, similar definitions and same methodology are used in the estimations. The results suggest that returns to schooling are higher for Turkey at the various levels of education for females and males and for both years 2004 and 2008. In 2008, returns are lower than 2004 levels for all stages of education. Returns to education are higher for women than men in both countries. The median ratio of male to female return is 0.55 (university) in 2004 and decreased to 0.17 (high school) in 2008 in Palestine. The corresponding figures for Turkey are 0.79 and .082 (both for high school). Finally, it was found that the selectivity corrected return estimates are lower than theolsestimates in Palestine while they are higher than theolsestimates in Turkey.
Le programme pédagogique d’un arabisant du Collège royal, François Pétis de La Croix (1653-1713)
Authors: Ageron Pierre , Jaouhari Mustapha 
Published: April 2014

Résumé
François Pétis de La Croix enseigna l’arabe au Collège royal de Paris de 1692 à 1713. À ses élèves, en très petit nombre, il dictait une grammaire de l’arabe littéral en français, réduite à l’essentiel. Tout en restant tributaire des paradigmes gréco-latins, il formulait des remarques utiles aux débutants et recourait à des activités didactiques variées, allant de l’autodictée jusqu’au thème. Il donnait ensuite quantité d’expressions et de propos de contenu léger, issus des méthodes pour étrangers en usage en Orient, avec transcription et traduction, conformément à un projet pédagogique conçu dès sa jeunesse : ces matériaux ressortissaient au moyen arabe. Après l’initiation à l’emploi du dictionnaire arabe-latin qu’il avait lui-même composé, il passait à la traduction de livres choisis dans la bibliographie disponible à l’époque. Ses leçons évoluèrent par petites touches, rapprochant progressivement la variété de langue utilisée de l’arabe littéral.
Planting Good Roots and Creating Affinities: Engaged Buddhism in the Chinese-Filipino Context
Authors: Dy Aristotle C. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAfter Chinese Buddhist temples were set up in the Philippines in the 20th century, temple communities proceeded to establish schools, charity clinics, and fund other socio-cultural projects. This paper traces the basis of such works to the concept of Engaged Buddhism in its Chinese manifestation, as well as to Chinese Buddhist history, teachings and contemporary trends in Chinese voluntary organizations. The author also presents fieldwork data that explores the motivations behind socio-cultural projects, using the concepts ofplanting good roots and creating affinities; these Buddhist concepts are then linked to the Chinese idea ofguanxi. Rather than religious conversion or social integration, Chinese Buddhist social projects were aimed at cultural preservation and the practice of Buddhist compassion.
A review of Microdontinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Surinam, with a key to the Neotropical genera
Authors: Reemer Menno 
Published: April 2014

The fauna of Microdontinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Surinam is reviewed, based on a recent field survey by the author and a re-evaluation of previously collected material, mostly deposited in the RMNH collection (Leiden). A key to all 28 Neotropical genera of the subfamily is given. A total number of 42 species belonging to 13 genera are recorded from Surinam. Habitus photographs of all species are given. Compared with the checklist of Van Doesburg (1966), 24 species are added and five are removed. The following new species are described: Domodon peperpotensis sp. n., Microdon (Microdon) colakriki sp. n., Peradon satyricus sp. n. and Peradon sciarus sp. n. Five possibly new species are left unnamed, pending revisionary work of the species groups they belong to. A neotype is designated for Aphritis angustus Macquart, 1846. The following new synonymies are proposed: Microdon instabilis Wiedemann, 1830 = Microdon aurifex Wiedemann, 1830 jun. syn. n., Microdon batesi Shannon, 1927 = Microdon beebei Curran, 1936 syn. n.
Arming Merchant Vessels: Enhancing or Imperilling Maritime Safety and Security?
Authors: Schofield Clive 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The substantial rise in the threat of attacks against shipping off the coast of Somalia from 2008 prompted a range of counter-piracy efforts. Among these measures the embarkation of privately contracted armed security personnel (pcasp) has been credited as having played an important role in the recent reduction in ‘pirate’ attacks. Despite considerable reluctance on the part of the shipping industry, the use of pcasp has become increasingly prevalent giving rise to practical and legal concerns over this practice. The advent of the use of pcasp is set in context, efforts towards their regulation outlined and problematic issues highlighted.