bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized Controlled Trial of a Video Decision Support Tool for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Decision Making in Advanced Cancer
Authors: Volandes Angelo E. , Paasche-Orlow Michael K. , Mitchell Susan L. , El-Jawahri Areej , Davis Aretha Delight , Barry Michael J. , Hartshorn Kevan L. , Jackson Vicki Ann , Gillick Muriel R. , Walker-Corkery Elizabeth S. , Chang Yuchiao , López Lenny , Kemeny Margaret , Bulone Linda , Mann Eileen , Misra Sumi , Peachey Matt , Abbo Elmer D. , Eichler April F. , Epstein Andrew S. , Noy Ariela , Levin Tomer T. , Temel Jennifer S. 
Published: December 2012

PurposeDecision making regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is challenging. This study examined the effect of a video decision support tool on CPR preferences among patients with advanced cancer.Patients and MethodsWe performed a randomized controlled trial of 150 patients with advanced cancer from four oncology centers. Participants in the control arm (n = 80) listened to a verbal narrative describing CPR and the likelihood of successful resuscitation. Participants in the intervention arm (n = 70) listened to the identical narrative and viewed a 3-minute video depicting a patient on a ventilator and CPR being performed on a simulated patient. The primary outcome was participants' preference for or against CPR measured immediately after exposure to either modality. Secondary outcomes were participants' knowledge of CPR (score range of 0 to 4, with higher score indicating more knowledge) and comfort with video.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 62 years (standard deviation, 11 years); 49% were women, 44% were African American or Latino, and 47% had lung or colon cancer. After the verbal narrative, in the control arm, 38 participants (48%) wanted CPR, 41 (51%) wanted no CPR, and one (1%) was uncertain. In contrast, in the intervention arm, 14 participants (20%) wanted CPR, 55 (79%) wanted no CPR, and 1 (1%) was uncertain (unadjusted odds ratio, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.7 to 7.2; P < .001). Mean knowledge scores were higher in the intervention arm than in the control arm (3.3 ± 1.0 v 2.6 ± 1.3, respectively; P < .001), and 65 participants (93%) in the intervention arm were comfortable watching the video.ConclusionParticipants with advanced cancer who viewed a video of CPR were less likely to opt for CPR than those who listened to a verbal narrative.
Clustering, Agency Costs and Operating Efficiency: Evidence from Nursing Home Chains
Authors: Lu Susan F. , Wedig Gerard J. 
Published: December 2012

Models of horizontal integration typically describe a trade-off between multiunit efficiencies and managerial agency costs. In extreme cases where managers cannot be incented contractually, private ownership is thought to be the primary organizational substitute. In this paper we explore geographic clustering as an alternative strategy for controlling managerial agency costs within the chain form of organization. Clustering may facilitate scale efficiencies in both monitoring and supervision, resulting in reduced agency costs and improved application of the chain's business model. We test this hypothesis in the nursing home industry, which is characterized by managerial contract costs resulting from multitask models of production. We find that clustered nursing homes achieve higher quality, conditional on labor inputs and patient characteristics. The clustering effect is concentrated on reductions in minor/potential harm violations, which are difficult to observe without close monitoring. Several proxies for local organizational experience (“local learning”) cannot account for our findings, which are robust to a variety of alternative clustering definitions and competing explanations based on gaming behavior. Further tests indicate that chains endogenously pursue clustering, presumably to realize the benefits of improved quality outcomes. This paper was accepted by Bruno Cassiman, business strategy.
Newsvendor Demand Chasing Revisited
Authors: Lau Nelson , Bearden J. Neil 
Published: December 2012

Existing research on newsvendor behavior asserts that individuals engage in demand chasing—adjusting their order quantities towards prior demand. Several metrics have been used to identify this heuristic. By simulation, current metrics are shown to yield excessive false positives, indicating demand chasing when the true order generating process is independent of prior demand. A simple correlation measure does not suffer from this problem and is proposed here as an alternative to some of the more commonly used measures. This paper was accepted by Martin Lariviere, operations management.
Predicting the Cost and Pace of Pharmacogenomic Advances: An Evidence-Based Study
Authors: Arnaout Ramy , Buck Thomas P , Roulette Paulvalery , Sukhatme Vikas P 
Published: December 2012

BACKGROUNDAdverse outcomes associated with prescription drug use are common and costly. Many adverse outcomes can be avoided through pharmacogenomics: choosing and dosing of existing drugs according to a person's genomic variants. Finding and validating associations between outcomes and genomic variants and developing guidelines for avoiding drug-related adverse outcomes will require further research; however, no data-driven estimates yet exist for the time or money required for completing this research.METHODSWe identified examples of associations between adverse outcomes and genomic variants. We used these examples to estimate the time and money required to identify and confirm other associations, including the cost of failures, and to develop and validate pharmacogenomic dosing guidelines for them. We built a Monte Carlo model to estimate the time and financial costs required to cut the overall rate of drug-related adverse outcomes by meaningful amounts. We analyzed the model's predictions for a broad range of assumptions.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONSOur model projected that the development of guidelines capable of cutting overall drug-related adverse outcomes by 25%–50% with current approaches will require investment of single-digit billions of dollars and take 20 years. The model forecasts a pump-priming phase of 5–7 years, which would require expenditures of hundreds of millions of dollars, with little apparent return on investment. The single most important parameter was the extent to which genomic variants cause adverse outcomes. The size of the labor force was not a limiting factor. A “50 000 Pharmacogenomes Project” could speed progress. Our approach provides a template for other areas of genomic research.
Expertus – experientia – experimentum. Neue Wege der wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnis im Spätmittelalter
Authors: Sarnowsky Jürgen 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Experience played a key role in the natural science of the later Middle Ages. Both the terms “experience” and “experiment” can be found in medieval texts. However, the latter was mainly used as a synonym and there is only a slight allusion to the concept of experiments in the modern sense. In their arguments, medieval authors rather referred to day-to-day experience, to phenomena which were evident from simple observation. The medieval Latin meaning of expertus (or its close equivalent experimentator) was thus closely related to the notion of everyday experience. An expert was someone who had a wide experience of natural phenomena and who always sought to extend his knowledge. During the later Middle Ages, this aspect slowly gained in importance (despite the fact that written authorities and the textbooks of natural philosophy remained dominant), thus opening up new ways of thinking, which finally led to the Scientific Revolution.
Kraftmikroskopie durch Einzelpunktantastung an Strukturkanten
Authors: Hüser Dorothee , Häßler-Grohne Wolfgang , Katzer Klaus-Dieter , Hunecken Jens , Fuß Hans-Achim , Bosse Harald 
Published: December 2012

Zusammenfassung
Im Zuge der immer höheren Integrationsdichte in der Halbleiterindustrie steigt der Bedarf, Strukturen mit Auflösungen im Sub-Nanometerbereich messen zu können. Grundlage für unterschiedliche optische und elektronenmikroskopische Verfahren zur Strukturbreitenmessung ist die Quantifizierung von Geometrieparametern an Kantenübergängen durch sondenmikroskopische Abtastung der Oberfläche. Dieser Artikel beschreibt ein Verfahren Strukturkanten mittels Einzelpunktantastung mit Kraftmikroskopen abzutasten. Wesen dieser Strategie ist, die Sonde aus zur lokalen Oberflächenneigung passender Richtung antasten zu lassen. Dies liefert die Möglichkeit, Steigung und Verrundung der Kante sowie den Kantenfuß zu ermitteln.
The robust {C(=O)OH···N(py)} heterosynthon persists in co-crystals formed between anthranilic acid and molecules with amide/pyridyl functionality
Authors: Arman Hadi Hadi , Miller Tyler , Tiekink Edward R. T. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Co-crystals formed between anthranilic acid and each of N,N′-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)oxalamide (1) and N,N′-bis(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)oxalamide (2) have been formed from solutions containing 2:1 stoichiometric quantities of the reagents. In isomeric 1 and 2, the oxaläamide groups have both amide and pyridyl groups capable for forming hydrogen bonding interactions with the äcomponents of anthranilic acid. However, it is the {C(=O)OH···N(py)} heterosynthon that persists in both crystal structures pointing to the robustness of this synthon when both carboxylic acids and pyridyl groups are found in co-crystals. In 1, amine-H···O (oxalamide) and amide-H···N(amine) hydrogen bonds lead to layers that stack along the c-axis via C—H···O (carbonyl) interactions. In 2, the amine-H···O(oxalamide) hydrogen bonds lead to layers which are connected into a three-dimensional architecture by amide-N—H···O2 (carbonyl) interactions.
Slush on the Mizzentops, Butter in the Hold: Food on American Clipper Ships
Authors: beahrs andrew 
Published: December 2012

In the early years of the Gold Rush, the food carried by clipper ships sustained and shaped San Francisco. At first, clippers that could reach the city in less than a hundred days helped to save the burgeoning community of tents and shanties from hunger. Later, they Americanized its cuisine—and made fabulous profits—by carrying butter, hams, whiskey, and other Eastern staples to restaurants built in the holds of abandoned ships.
The food served to sailors was often less exalted than that carried in the holds just below their feet, with simple dry biscuit and dry salted beef relieved only by the boiled puddings of flour and apples known as duff. The crews themselves were remarkably diverse, with Lascars and Scandinavians served dried peas and greasy “scouse” by African American or Chinese cooks who prepared meals in tiny, freestanding deckhouses.
In later years, the clippers' influence on American food reversed itself, as they carried humble guano to rejuvenate depleted eastern agricultural land. But in their prime, the clippers were a unique confluence of necessity, engineering excellence, and beauty, as valued for the sight of their towering moonraker sails as for the food they carried.
Melodrama, Two Ways
Authors: Wang Dan 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The word “melodrama” has accumulated a vast range of uses and definitions. It is the name given to the technique of combining words and music (as in the nineteenth-century musical genre); it is also used to name a mode of expressivity that is exaggerated, excessive, sentimental. These definitions appear unrelated, yet the melodramatic mode also seems to emerge frequently in musical contexts, such as opera and film—raising the question of whether the joining of words and music as such already tends toward, or attracts, a melodramatic impulse. This article first sketches the features of the melodramatic mode as they are described in writing on theater, film, and the novel before turning to a close reading of Richard Strauss's Enoch Arden, op. 38, a melodrama for speaker and piano. I aim to show that not only the themes of Enoch Arden's narrative but also the form of its narration, the meaningfulness it draws from the facts or conditions of narration as such, provide its claim to the melodramatic mode.
The Language of an Unknown Country: Intratextuality in Proust's In Search of Lost Time
Authors: Perley Naomi 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
One of the pivotal scenes of Proust's novel In Search of Lost Time takes place during a performance of the fictional composer Vinteuil's Septet in Mme Verdurin's salon. The narrator and protagonist of the novel, Marcel, finds himself caught off-guard by the beauty of Vinteuil's Septet; he hears in the Septet a calling to the true life of an artist and vows to begin work on his own masterpiece. As he listens to the Septet, Marcel struggles with the concept of artistic individuality. He tries to discern the similarities and differences between the phrases of Vinteuil's Septet and the same composer's Violin Sonata. Marcel comes to the conclusion that it is not superficial or intellectual similarities between two works by the same composer that really count, but rather some underlying substance that can only be “felt as the result of a direct impression.”
The aesthetic philosophy embodied in these thoughts is not only applicable to Marcel's appreciation of the Septet. It also provides a lens through which we can come to terms with Proust's twenty-page-long description of the Septet, and it allows us to situate this passage meaningfully within In Search of Lost Time. The Septet scene is one of the most deeply intratextual passages of the novel. But just as Marcel gives pride of place to the “profound similarities” between Vinteuil's compositions over musicologists' “analogies ingeniously discovered by reasoning,” so too can the reader distinguish between more superficial connections between the Septet and earlier scenes, and subtler references that bind the novel together on a deeper level.
Idea and Actualization: Bruno Maderna's Adaptation of Friedrich Hölderlin's Hyperion
Authors: Wetters Brent 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Among characterizations of the Darmstadt Summer Courses, none is more pervasive than the assertion that Darmstadt represented an intense Modernism, in particular a form of Modernism diametrically opposed to the excesses of Romanticism. But if Darmstadt is to be understood as a response to Romanticism, what are we to make of the ascendancy of Friedrich Hölderlin, a key figure in German Romanticism, as a source for texts? Hölderlin's texts have been a perennial favorite for Darmstadt composers since its inception, but Bruno Maderna undertook the most ambitious use of Hölderlin's works during the period from 1960 to 1969. Maderna's Hyperion, a collection of works based on Hölderlin's writings, amounted to no less than a rethinking of the Modernist project—one that does not shrink from its roots in Romanticism. Like the epistolary novel on which it is based, its idea is only approached through an interchangeable series of fragments, thereby engaging Romantic ideals of the work. Maderna's Hyperion continually awaits its completion through performance.
A Randomized Trial of Stylets for Intubating Newborn Infants
Authors: Kamlin C. Omar F. , O’Connell Liam A.F. , Morley Colin J. , Dawson Jennifer A. , Donath Susan M. , O’Donnell Colm P.F. , Davis Peter G. 
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE:
Endotracheal intubation of newborn infants is a common and potentially lifesaving procedure but a skill that trainees find difficult. Despite widespread use, no data are available on whether the use of a stylet (introducer) improves success rates. We aimed to determine whether pediatric trainees were more successful at neonatal orotracheal intubation when a stylet was used.

METHODS:
An unblinded randomized controlled trial conducted between July 2006 and January 2009 at a tertiary perinatal center, the Royal Women’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia. Eligible participants were newborn infants in the delivery room or NICU requiring endotracheal intubation for respiratory support. Infants were intubated by pediatric residents or fellows. Infants were randomized to have the procedure performed by using either an endotracheal tube alone or with a stylet. Successful intubation at the first attempt assessed by colorimetric detection of expired carbon dioxide was the primary outcome.

RESULTS:
Three hundred two intubations were performed in 232 infants (residents performed 75%, fellows 25%). Intubation was successful in 57% of the stylet group and 53% of the no stylet group (P = .47); odds ratio 1.18 (95% confidence interval 0.75–1.86). There were no differences in the duration of attempts or in the rate of upper airway trauma between the 2 groups. These results were consistent across subgroups of infants based on birth weight, gestational age, and site of intubation (delivery room or NICU).

CONCLUSIONS:
Using an endotracheal stylet did not significantly improve the success rate of pediatric trainees at neonatal orotracheal intubation.
Medical Home Quality and Readmission Risk for Children Hospitalized With Asthma Exacerbations
Authors: Auger Katherine A. , Kahn Robert S. , Davis Matthew M. , Beck Andrew F. , Simmons Jeffrey M. 
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE:
The medical home likely has a positive effect on outpatient outcomes for children with asthma. However, no information is available regarding the impact of medical home quality on health care utilization after hospitalizations. We sought to explore the relationship between medical home quality and readmission risk in children hospitalized for asthma exacerbations.

METHODS:
We enrolled 601 children, aged 1 to 16 years, hospitalized for an acute asthma exacerbation at a single pediatric facility that captures &gt;85% of all asthma admissions in an 8-county area. Caregivers completed the Parent’s Perception of Primary Care (P3C), a Likert-based, validated survey. The P3C yields a total score of medical home quality and 6 subscale scores assessing continuity, access, contextual knowledge, comprehensiveness, communication, and coordination. Asthma readmission events were prospectively collected via billing data. Hazards of readmission were calculated by using Cox proportional hazards adjusting for chronic asthma severity and key measures of socioeconomic status.

RESULTS:
Overall P3C score was not associated with readmission. Among the subscale comparisons, only children with lowest access had a statistically increased readmission risk compared with children with the best access. Subgroup analysis revealed that children with private insurance and good access had the lowest rates of readmission within a year compared with other combinations of insurance and access.

CONCLUSIONS:
Among measured aspects of medical home in a cohort of hospitalized children with asthma, having poor access to a medical home was the only measure associated with increased readmission. Improving physician access for children with asthma may lower hospital readmission.
Could Hypomanic Traits Explain Selective Migration? Verifying the Hypothesis by the Surveys on Sardinian Migrants
Authors: MG Carta , MF Moro , V Kovess , MV Brasesco , KM Bhat , MC Angermeyer , HS Akiskal 
Published: December 2012

Introduction: A recent survey put forward the hypothesis that the emigration that occurred from Sardinia from the 1960’s to the 1980’s, selected people with a hypomanic temperament. The paper aims to verify if the people who migrated from Sardinia in that period have shown a high risk of mood disorders in the surveys carried out in their host countries, and if the results are consistent with this hypothesis.

Methods: This is systematic review.

Results: In the 1970’s when examining the attitudes towards migration in Sardinian couples waiting to emigrate, Rudas found that the decision to emigrate was principally taken by males. Female showed lower self-esteem than male emigrants. A study on Sardinian immigrants in Argentina carried out in 2001-02, at the peak of the economic crisis, found a high risk of depressive disorders in women only. These results were opposite to the findings recorded ten years earlier in a survey on Sardinian immigrants in Paris, where the risk of Depressive Episode was higher in young men only.

Discussion: Data point to a bipolar disorder risk for young (probably hypomanic) male migrants in competitive, challenging conditions; and a different kind of depressive episodes for women in trying economic conditions. The results of the survey on Sardinian migrants are partially in agreement with the hypothesis of a selective migration of people with a hypomanic temperament. Early motivations and self-esteem seem related to the ways mood disorders are expressed, and to the vulnerability to specific triggering situations in the host country.
Age at Menopause, Reproductive Life Span, and Type 2 Diabetes Risk
Authors: Brand Judith S. , van der Schouw Yvonne T. , Onland-Moret N. Charlotte , Sharp Stephen J. , Ong Ken K. , Khaw Kay-Tee , Ardanaz Eva , Amiano Pilar , Boeing Heiner , Chirlaque Maria-Dolores , Clavel-Chapelon Françoise , Crowe Francesca L. , de Lauzon-Guillain Blandine , Duell Eric J. , Fagherazzi Guy , Franks Paul W. , Grioni Sara , Groop Leif C. , Kaaks Rudolf , Key Timothy J. , Nilsson Peter M. , Overvad Kim , Palli Domenico , Panico Salvatore , Quirós J. Ramón , Rolandsson Olov , Sacerdote Carlotta , Sánchez María-José , Slimani Nadia , Teucher Birgit , Tjonneland Anne , Tumino Rosario , van der A Daphne L. , Feskens Edith J.M. , Langenberg Claudia , Forouhi Nita G. , Riboli Elio , Wareham Nicholas J. ,   The InterAct Consortium
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVEAge at menopause is an important determinant of future health outcomes, but little is known about its relationship with type 2 diabetes. We examined the associations of menopausal age and reproductive life span (menopausal age minus menarcheal age) with diabetes risk.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSData were obtained from the InterAct study, a prospective case-cohort study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. A total of 3,691 postmenopausal type 2 diabetic case subjects and 4,408 subcohort members were included in the analysis, with a median follow-up of 11 years. Prentice weighted Cox proportional hazards models were adjusted for age, known risk factors for diabetes, and reproductive factors, and effect modification by BMI, waist circumference, and smoking was studied.RESULTSMean (SD) age of the subcohort was 59.2 (5.8) years. After multivariable adjustment, hazard ratios (HRs) of type 2 diabetes were 1.32 (95% CI 1.04–1.69), 1.09 (0.90–1.31), 0.97 (0.86–1.10), and 0.85 (0.70–1.03) for women with menopause at ages &lt;40, 40–44, 45–49, and ≥55 years, respectively, relative to those with menopause at age 50–54 years. The HR per SD younger age at menopause was 1.08 (1.02–1.14). Similarly, a shorter reproductive life span was associated with a higher diabetes risk (HR per SD lower reproductive life span 1.06 [1.01–1.12]). No effect modification by BMI, waist circumference, or smoking was observed (P interaction all &gt; 0.05).CONCLUSIONSEarly menopause is associated with a greater risk of type 2 diabetes.