bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A randomized double‐blind placebo controlled phase I–II study on clinical and molecular effects of dietary supplements in men with precancerous prostatic lesions. Chemoprevention or “chemopromotion”?
Authors: Gontero Paolo , Marra Giancarlo , Soria Francesco , Oderda Marco , Zitella Andrea , Baratta Francesca , Chiorino Giovanna , Gregnanin Ilaria , Daniele Lorenzo , Cattel Luigi , Frea Bruno , Brusa Paola 
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUNDAntioxidants effectiveness in prostate cancer (PCa) chemoprevention has been severely questioned, especially after the recent results of the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial. We present the results of a double‐blind randomized controlled trial (dbRCT) on the pharmacokinetic, clinical, and molecular activity of dietary supplements containing lycopene, selenium, and green tea catechins (GTCs) in men with multifocal high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (mHGPIN) and/or atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP).METHODSFrom 2009 to 2014, we conducted a dbRCT including 60 patients with primary mHGPIN and/or ASAP receiving daily lycopene 35 mg, selenium 55 µg, and GTCs 600 mg, or placebo for 6 months. Pharmacokinetic analysis were performed with UV–Visible spectrophotometric assay under standard (SC) and accelerated (AC) conditions. Upon plasma lycopene concentrations falling within the expected range (1.2–90 mcg/l) and no side‐effects of grade >1, study proceeded to phase II (n = 50). After unblinding of results, eight men (4 per arm, 2 without and 2 with PCa, respectively) were randomly selected and totRNA extracted from “non‐pathological” tissues. MicroRNA profiling was performed with the Agilent platform. Raw data processing used R‐statistical language and linear models for microarray analysis.RESULTSSamples were stable except for lycopene, showing significant degradation (SC = 56%, AC = 59%) and consequently stabilized under vacuum in a dark packaging. Mean plasmatic lycopene concentration was 1,45 ± 0,4 μM. At 6 months, 53 men underwent re‐biopsy and 13 (24.5%) were diagnosed with PCa (supplementation n = 10, placebo n = 3 [P = 0.053]). At a mean 37 months follow‐up, 3 additional PCa were found in the placebo group. No significant variations in PSA, IPSS, and PR25 questionnaires were observed. Stronger modulation of miRNAs was present on re‐biopsy in the supplementation group compared to the placebo, including: (i) overexpression of miRNAs present in PCa versus non‐cancer tissue; (ii) underexpression of miRNAs suppressing PCa proliferation; (iii) detection of 35 miRNAs in PCa patients versus disease‐free men, including androgen‐regulated miR‐125b‐5p and PTEN‐targeting miR‐92a‐3p (both upregulated).CONCLUSIONAdministration of high doses of lycopene, GTCs, and selenium in men harboring HGPIN and/or ASAP was associated with a higher incidence of PCa at re‐biopsy and expression of microRNAs implicated in PCa progression at molecular analysis. The use of these supplements should be avoided. Prostate 75: 1177–1186, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Double End‐On Azido Copper(II) Dinuclear Complex with Oxazoline Ligand: Synthesis, Structure, Magnetic Properties and Theoretical Study
Authors: Cheng Min , Lu Dongmei , Gao En‐Qing , Jia Qin‐Xiang 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA double azido‐bridged CuII dinuclear complex with the chelating chiral ligand, [Cu2(L)2(N3)4] (1) [L = (+)‐2, 2′‐isopropylidene‐bis((4R)‐4‐benzyl‐2‐oxazoline)] was synthesized and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, magnetic measurements, and theoretical studies. The asymmetric double end‐on azido bridges in complex 1 lead to a weak antiferromagnetic behavior with J = –7.4 cm–1. The exchange interactions in complex 1 were investigated by DFT calculations, and the calculated exchange interaction (J = –8.0 cm–1) is in good agreement with the experimental value.
Factors Associated with Quality of Life in Mothers of Children with Cerebral Palsy in Iran
Authors: Ahmadizadeh Zahra , Rassafiani Mehdi , Khalili Mohammad Amozadeh , Mirmohammadkhani Majid 
Published: April 2015

Objective/Background Children with cerebral palsy (CP) need more attention and care, especially from their mothers. This can affect the mothers’ quality of life (QOL) adversely. This study aimed to assess the QOL of Iranian mothers who have a child with CP, compared with mothers with a healthy child, focusing on some individual and social underlying factors. Methods Using a cluster-sampling approach, two groups of eligible mothers having children aged 4–12 years, with and without CP, from Tehran's randomly selected clinics, were chosen in a convenient way and enrolled in a cross-sectional study. A group of mothers with healthy children whose demographics closely matched with the group of mothers having children with CP were selected and recruited in the study. The group with mothers with children with CP was selected randomly from a convenience sample in 14 rehabilitation and occupational therapy clinics in Tehran, Iran. To collect data on characteristics of interest, mothers were interviewed, and the SF-36 Questionnaire was used to measure their QOL. The relationship between each characteristic and the mothers’ level of QOL was assessed, and the crude odds ratios (ORs) and adjusted ORs were measured by logistic regression. Results Sixty mothers with CP children, and 60 mothers with healthy children participated in this study. Their mean (±standard deviation) age was 33.79 (±6.02) years, and their children's mean age was 7.11 (±2.71). The two groups were significantly different in QOL mean score (57.35 ± 18.39 vs. 71.7 ± 13.58; p ≤ .001). It was shown that having a child with CP with intellectual disability is significantly related to a worse level of QOL of mothers (adjusted OR = 5.4, p ≤ .001), whereas having full-time jobs is reversely associated with it (adjusted OR = 0.2, p = .02). Conclusion Two important factors that lead to a worse QOL of mothers with a CP child are the unemployment of mothers and having a CP child with concurrent intellectual disabilities. To diminish the adverse effects of having a CP child on QOL of mothers, unemployed women who have a CP child with concurrent intellectual disabilities need more psychological support and help.
E-Cigarette Liquid Nicotine Ingestion in a Child: Case Report and Discussion
Authors: Gill Natasha , Sangha Gurinder , Poonai Naveen , Lim Rodrick 
Published: April 2015

AbstractNicotine poisoning is well described in the pediatric population, and even small oral doses may result in toxic effects. The source of nicotine is usually tobacco products and nicotine replacement products such as gum and patches. With the more frequent use of novel products such as e-cigarettes, concern has arisen regarding liquid nicotine. As there are no regulations regarding childproof bottling and packaging, there may be increased potential for unintentional ingestion of these colorfully and appealingly packaged products by children. We present and discuss a case of this nature, as we feel emergency physicians should be aware of this new mode of poisoning, and public health efforts should be made to minimize such exposures.
Symmetry-plane model of 3D Euler flows and mapping to regular systems to improve blowup assessment using numerical and analytical solutions
Authors: Mulungye Rachel M. , Lucas Dan , Bustamante Miguel D. 
Published: April 2015

Motivated by the work on stagnation-point-type exact solutions (with infinite energy) of 3D Euler fluid equations by Gibbon et al. (Physica D, vol. 132 (4), 1999, pp. 497–510) and the subsequent demonstration of finite-time blowup by Constantin (Int. Math. Res. Not. IMRN, vol. 9, 2000, pp. 455–465) we introduce a one-parameter family of models of the 3D Euler fluid equations on a 2D symmetry plane. Our models are seen as a deformation of the 3D Euler equations which respects the variational structure of the original equations so that explicit solutions can be found for the supremum norms of the basic fields: vorticity and stretching rate of vorticity. In particular, the value of the model’s parameter determines whether or not there is finite-time blowup, and the singularity time can be computed explicitly in terms of the initial conditions and the model’s parameter. We use a representative of this family of models, whose solution blows up at a finite time, as a benchmark for the systematic study of errors in numerical simulations. Using a high-order pseudospectral method, we compare the numerical integration of our ‘original’ model equations against a ‘mapped’ version of these equations. The mapped version is a globally regular (in time) system of equations, obtained via a bijective nonlinear mapping of time and fields from the original model equations. The mapping can be constructed explicitly whenever a Beale–Kato–Majda type of theorem is available therefore it is applicable to the 3D Euler equations (Bustamante, Physica D, vol. 240 (13), 2011, pp. 1092–1099). We show that the mapped system’s numerical solution leads to more accurate (by three orders of magnitude) estimates of supremum norms and singularity time compared with the original system. The numerical integration of the mapped equations is demonstrated to entail only a small extra computational cost. We study the Fourier spectrum of the model’s numerical solution and find that the analyticity strip width (a measure of the solution’s analyticity) tends to zero as a power law in a finite time. This is in agreement with the finite-time blowup of the fields’ supremum norms, in the light of rigorous bounds stemming from the bridge (Bustamante & Brachet, Phys. Rev. E, vol. 86 (6), 2012, 066302) between the analyticity-strip method and the Beale–Kato–Majda type of theorems. We conclude by discussing the implications of this research on the analysis of numerical solutions to the 3D Euler fluid equations.
Genome-wide interaction analysis of quantitative traits in outbred mice
Authors: MA WEIJUN , YUAN CHAOFENG , LIU HAIDONG , ZHENG WEI , ZHOU YING 
Published: April 2015

SummaryWith a large number of quantitative trait loci being identified in genome-wide association studies, researchers have become more interested in detecting interactions among genes or single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In this research, we carried out a two-stage model selection procedure to detect interacting gene pairs or SNP pairs associated with four important traits of outbred mice, including glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, diastolic blood pressure and triglyceride. In the first stage, a variance heterogeneity test was used to screen for candidate SNPs. In the second stage, the Lasso method and single pair analysis were used to select two-way interactions. Moreover, the shared Gene Ontology information about the selected interacting gene pairs was considered to study the interactions auxiliarily. Based on this method, we not only replicated the identification of important SNPs associated with each trait of outbred mice, but also found some SNP pairs and gene pairs with significant interaction effects on each trait. Simulation studies were also conducted to evaluate the performance of the two-stage method in different situations.
Changing livelihoods and protected area management: a case study of charcoal production in south-west Madagascar
Authors: Gardner Charlie J. , Gabriel Firengea U. L. , St. John Freya A. V. , Davies Zoe G. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractProtected areas are usually conceived and managed as static entities, although this approach is increasingly viewed as unrealistic given climate change and ecosystem dynamics. The ways in which people use land and/or natural resources within and around protected areas can also shift and evolve temporally but this remains an under-acknowledged challenge for protected area managers. Here we investigate the factors driving a rapid rise in charcoal production within a new, multiple-use protected area in Madagascar, to inform appropriate management responses. We conducted a questionnaire survey of 208 charcoal producers to ascertain the mix of livelihood activities they practised in 2010/2011 and 5 years previously. Respondents had diversified their livelihood activities over time, and cultivation and pastoralism had decreased as primary sources of revenue. Reasons for the growing reliance on charcoal production include the reduced viability of alternative livelihoods (primarily farming), as a result of changing rainfall patterns and the loss of irrigation infrastructure, as well as a growing need for cash to support themselves and their families. Our results suggest that charcoal production is not a desirable activity but a safety net when times are difficult. Conservation efforts to ameliorate underlying factors driving livelihood change, such as dam restoration, could reduce the prevalence of charcoal production, but simultaneous action to cut demand is also required. We recommend that mechanisms to detect, understand and respond to social change are integrated systematically into protected area management planning, alongside traditional biodiversity monitoring.
Morphological allometry and intersexuality in horsehair-worm-infected mantids,Hierodula formosana(Mantodea: Mantidae)
Authors: CHIU MING-CHUNG , HUANG CHIN-GI , WU WEN-JER , SHIAO SHIUH-FENG 
Published: April 2015

SUMMARYParasitic castration is a strategy used by parasites to minimize damage to the host by consuming its reproductive system, which results in the morphological alteration of the host. We determined that the forewing shape and density of the antennal sensilla of field-collected adult male mantids (Hierodula formosana), infected by horsehair worms (Chordodes formosanus) was partially feminized (intersexuality), and both male and female mantids infected by horsehair worms exhibited allometric changes in their wings and walking legs. In addition, the testes of most infected male adults disappeared or reduced in size, whereas the number of ovarioles in infected female adults was unaffected. The infection mainly influenced the structures related to host reproduction and locomotion, suggesting unbalanced energy exploitation and the reduction of parasitic virulence. In addition, the intersexuality of infected male adults indicated that sexual differentiation in insects, which researchers have considered to be an autonomous process, was influenced by the infection. The similarity of the antennae of infected male adults with those of last-instar female nymphs suggested that parasitic juvenilization may cause such feminization, but the mechanism of parasitic influence on insect sex characteristics should be studied further.
Observations on Roman Pottery from Pudding Pan and the Thames Estuary and Early Surveys
Authors: Redknap Mark 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPreviously unpublished Roman pottery from the Thames Estuary was studied by the author in 1985 and 1986 for the voluntary body Marine Archaeological Surveys (MAS) and is presented as a contribution to wider initiatives on the Roman archaeology of this important social and economic artery between South-East England and the wider world. The purpose of this paper is to complement the ongoing review by Michael Walsh of Roman wrecks in UK waters (a research partnership between Southampton University and the British Museum) and that of the ‘Pudding Pan’ assemblage, much of which is in private collections.
Extracellular MRP8/14 is a regulator of β2 integrin-dependent neutrophil slow rolling and adhesion
Authors: Pruenster Monika , Kurz Angela R. M. , Chung Kyoung-Jin , Cao-Ehlker Xiao , Bieber Stephanie , Nussbaum Claudia F. , Bierschenk Susanne , Eggersmann Tanja K. , Rohwedder Ina , Heinig Kristina , Immler Roland , Moser Markus , Koedel Uwe , Gran Sandra , McEver Rodger P. , Vestweber Dietmar , Verschoor Admar , Leanderson Tomas , Chavakis Triantafyllos , Roth Johannes , Vogl Thomas , Sperandio Markus 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMyeloid-related proteins (MRPs) 8 and 14 are cytosolic proteins secreted from myeloid cells as proinflammatory mediators. Currently, the functional role of circulating extracellular MRP8/14 is unclear. Our present study identifies extracellular MRP8/14 as an autocrine player in the leukocyte adhesion cascade. We show that E-selectin–PSGL-1 interaction during neutrophil rolling triggers Mrp8/14 secretion. Released MRP8/14 in turn activates a TLR4-mediated, Rap1-GTPase-dependent pathway of rapid β2 integrin activation in neutrophils. This extracellular activation loop reduces leukocyte rolling velocity and stimulates adhesion. Thus, we identify Mrp8/14 and TLR4 as important modulators of the leukocyte recruitment cascade during inflammation in vivo.
Fast imaging of live organisms with sculpted light sheets
Authors: Chmielewski Aleksander K. , Kyrsting Anders , Mahou Pierre , Wayland Matthew T. , Muresan Leila , Evers Jan Felix , Kaminski Clemens F. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractLight-sheet microscopy is an increasingly popular technique in the life sciences due to its fast 3D imaging capability of fluorescent samples with low photo toxicity compared to confocal methods. In this work we present a new, fast, flexible and simple to implement method to optimize the illumination light-sheet to the requirement at hand. A telescope composed of two electrically tuneable lenses enables us to define thickness and position of the light-sheet independently but accurately within milliseconds and therefore optimize image quality of the features of interest interactively. We demonstrated the practical benefit of this technique by 1) assembling large field of views from tiled single exposure each with individually optimized illumination settings; 2) sculpting the light-sheet to trace complex sample shapes within single exposures. This technique proved compatible with confocal line scanning detection, further improving image contrast and resolution. Finally, we determined the effect of light-sheet optimization in the context of scattering tissue, devising procedures for balancing image quality, field of view and acquisition speed.
A decline of LAMP- 2 predicts ursodeoxycholic acid response in primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Wang Lu , Guo Guan-ya , Wang Jing-bo , Zhou Xin-min , Yang Qiong , Han Zhe-yi , Li Qiang , Zhang Jing-wen , Cai Yun , Ren Xiao-li , Zhou Xia , Chen Rui-rui , Shi Yong-quan , Han Ying , Fan Dai-ming 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBiochemical response to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is variable. We have previously reported that augmented expression of lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP-2) was correlated with the severity of PBC. This study aimed to determine whether serum LAMP-2 could serve as a predictor of biochemical response to UDCA. The efficiency of serum LAMP-2 to predict biochemical response was assessed after 1 year of UDCA treatment in PBC patients by a retrospective analysis. We found that the basal serum LAMP-2 level was increased in PBC, especially in patients with stage III-IV (p = 0.010) or TBIL > 1 mg/dL (p = 0.014). Baseline serum LAMP-2 was higher in non-responders than that in responders, but the difference was statistically insignificant. However, after UDCA treatment, serum LAMP-2 level decreased prominently in the first 3 months, which was more obvious in responders. Further studies showed that the 35% decline of LAMP-2 after treatment for 3 months could be stated as an indicator of UDCA response with the sensitivity of 62.9% and specificity of 75.0% by Paris criteria. Meanwhile the specificity and sensitivity were identified as 63.5% and 64.1% by Barcelona criteria. Together, a decline in LAMP-2 might help to predict the response to UDCA.
Maximum-likelihood method identifies meiotic restitution mechanism from heterozygosity transmission of centromeric loci: application in citrus
Authors: Cuenca José , Aleza Pablo , Juárez José , García-Lor Andrés , Froelicher Yann , Navarro Luis , Ollitrault Patrick 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPolyploidisation is a key source of diversification and speciation in plants. Most researchers consider sexual polyploidisation leading to unreduced gamete as its main origin. Unreduced gametes are useful in several crop breeding schemes. Their formation mechanism, i.e., First-Division Restitution (FDR) or Second-Division Restitution (SDR), greatly impacts the gametic and population structures and, therefore, the breeding efficiency. Previous methods to identify the underlying mechanism required the analysis of a large set of markers over large progeny. This work develops a new maximum-likelihood method to identify the unreduced gamete formation mechanism both at the population and individual levels using independent centromeric markers. Knowledge of marker-centromere distances greatly improves the statistical power of the comparison between the SDR and FDR hypotheses. Simulating data demonstrated the importance of selecting markers very close to the centromere to obtain significant conclusions at individual level. This new method was used to identify the meiotic restitution mechanism in nineteen mandarin genotypes used as female parents in triploid citrus breeding. SDR was identified for 85.3% of 543 triploid hybrids and FDR for 0.6%. No significant conclusions were obtained for 14.1% of the hybrids. At population level SDR was the predominant mechanisms for the 19 parental mandarins.
Multiple myeloma acquires resistance to EGFR inhibitor via induction of pentose phosphate pathway
Authors: Chen Yan , Huang Ruibin , Ding Jianghua , Ji Dexiang , Song Bing , Yuan Liya , Chang Hong , Chen Guoan 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) was characterized by frequent mutations in KRAS/NRAS/BRAF within the EGFR pathway that could induce resistance to EGFR inhibitors. We here report that EGFR inhibition solely exhibited moderate inhibition in KRAS/NRAS/BRAF wildtype (triple-WT) MM cells, whilst had no effect in myeloma cells with any of the mutated genes. The moderate inhibitory effect was conferred by induction of pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) when cells were treated with Gefitinib, the EGFR inhibitor. Combination of Gefitinib with PPP inhibitor 6AN effected synergistically in triple-WT cells. The inhibition could be restored by addition of NADPH. Dual EGFR/ERBB2 inhibitor Afatinib also exhibited similar effects. Further genetic silencing of EGFR, ERBB2 and mTOR indicated that major effect conferred by ERBB2 was via convergence to EGFR pathway in MM. Our results contributed to the individualized targeted therapy with EGFR inhibitors in MM.
A novel branched TAT47–57 peptide for selective Ni2+ introduction into the human fibrosarcoma cell nucleus
Authors: Szyrwiel Łukasz , Shimura Mari , Shirataki Junko , Matsuyama Satoshi , Matsunaga Akihiro , Setner Bartosz , Szczukowski Łukasz , Szewczuk Zbigniew , Yamauchi Kazuto , Malinka Wiesław , Chavatte Laurent , Łobinski Ryszard 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
A TAT47–57 peptide was modified on the N-terminus by elongation with a 2,3-diaminopropionic acid residue and then by coupling of two histidine residues on its N-atoms. This branched peptide could bind to Ni under physiological conditions as a 1 : 1 complex. We demonstrated that the complex was quantitatively taken up by human fibrosarcoma cells, in contrast to Ni2+ ions. Ni localization (especially at the nuclei) was confirmed by imaging using both scanning X-ray fluorescence microscopy and Newport Green fluorescence. A competitive assay with Newport Green showed that the latter displaced the peptide ligand from the Ni-complex. Ni2+ delivered as a complex with the designed peptide induced substantially more DNA damage than when introduced as a free ion. The availability of such a construct opens up the way to investigate the importance of the nucleus as a target for the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity or carcinogenicity of Ni2+.