bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shifts in plant functional trait dynamics in relation to soil microbiome in modern and wild barley
Authors: Kumar Amit , Kuznetsova Olga , Gschwendtner Silvia , Chen Hao , Alonso‐Crespo Inés M. , Yusuf Mohammad , Schulz Stefanie , Bonkowski Michael , Schloter Michael , Temperton Vicky M. 
Published: July 2024

Societal Impact StatementUnderstanding domestication's impact on crop root traits and interactions with soil microbiomes is vital for improving crop resilience and agricultural sustainability. Using this knowledge to enhance root systems, reduce chemical inputs, and adapt crops to environmental stress will help to increase global food production, promote eco‐friendly farming, and mitigate the effects of climate change. Additionally, identifying microorganisms specific to plant species may help in biodiversity conservation. Advancing scientific understanding and educating future generations on the intricate relationships between plants, soil, and microorganisms is integral to developing innovative, sustainable agricultural practices and improved food security.Summary

Domestication and intensive management practices have significantly shaped characteristics of modern crops. However, our understanding of domestication's impact had mainly focused on aboveground plant traits, neglecting root and rhizospheric traits, as well as trait–trait interactions and root‐microbial interactions.
To address this knowledge gap, we grew modern (Hordeum vulgare L. var. Barke) and wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch var. spontaneum) in large rhizoboxes. We manipulated the soil microbiome by comparing disturbed (sterilized soil inoculum, DSM) versus non‐disturbed (non‐sterilized inoculum, NSM) microbiome. Results showed that modern barley grew faster and increased organic‐carbon exudation (OCEXU) compared to wild barley.
Both barley species exhibited accelerated root growth and enhanced OCEXU under DSM, indicating their ability to partially compensate and exploit the soil resources independently of microbes if need be. Plant trait network analysis revealed that modern barley had a denser, larger, and less modular network of microbes than wild barley indicating domestication's impact on trait–trait coordination. In addition, the relative abundance of bacteria did not vary between wild and modern barley rhizospheres; however, species‐specific unique bacteria were identified, with stronger effects under DSM.
Overall, our findings highlight domestication‐driven shifts in root traits, trait coordination, and their modulation by the soil microbiome.
Review on Preparation, Modification and Application of Nano‐Calcium Carbonate
Authors: Qiu Jun , Lyu Jing‐Wei , Yang Jing‐Lei , Cui Kai‐Bo , Liu Hao‐Ze , Wang Gui‐Fang , Liu Xiao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNano‐calcium carbonate (nano‐CaCO3) is a tiny inorganic filler created in the 1980s. It boasts a high specific surface area, excellent biocompatibility, and nontoxicity. As a result, it finds extensive applications in the rubber, plastic, and paper industries. This paper intends to give a general overview of the preparation process, surface modification, and application of nano‐CaCO3. In particular, the preparation process conditions, the characteristics of the prepared nano‐CaCO3, the method and mechanism of surface modification, and also the main application research progress of nano‐CaCO3 are described comprehensively. This paper has a good guiding effect for the researchers and related staff engaged in the study of nano‐CaCO3.
Identifying Performance Conditions for a Radical Scavenging Active Packaging Material
Authors: Kay Ian P. , Goddard Julie M. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTGlobal food waste remains a significant economic and environmental burden throughout the food supply chain. Oxidative degradation and microbial growth are two of the most prominent causes of post‐manufacturing food spoilage and are thus often targets of active packaging technologies that seek to maintain or improve shelf life by adding preservative functionality to the packaging material. In non‐migratory active packaging, the active agent is bound to the polymer backbone preventing its migration to the foodstuff in support of consumer demands for cleaner labels. Critical to commercial translation of such non‐migratory active packaging technologies is identifying circumstances conducive to their optimal performance as well as those for which performance falls short of predicted behaviour. Here, we present an applications study to identify conditions of optimal performance of a non‐migratory radical scavenging active packaging material, polypropylene‐graft‐polyethyleneimine (PP‐g‐PEI5), synthesized by reactive extrusion of polyethylenimine with maleic anhydride functionalized polypropylene. Polyethylenimine was selected as an active agent for its reported radical scavenging and antimicrobial behaviour. Despite introduction of a hygroscopic and relatively low molecular weight active ligand, PP‐g‐PEI5 retained desirable low water vapour transmission rates (value) and excellent mechanical properties, supporting its covalent bonding to the base polymer. Interfacial pKa was determined via a pH‐dependent characterization of surface primary amine to be 10.07 (9.66–11.42, 95% CI), explaining its antioxidant mechanism at food and beverage relevant pH values (under 7) due to radical scavenging and not transition metal sequestering behaviour. Antimicrobial efficacy was demonstrated against gram‐positive Listeria monocytogenes. Finally, a viscosity‐dependent radical scavenging assay demonstrated the efficacy of PP‐g‐PEI5 as an antioxidant active packaging material in food products up to 812.9 cPs (2.98 nmol/cm2 Troloxeq). These results suggest that these active packaging materials would be most effective in inhibiting radical induced oxidative degradation in foods and beverages of acidic to neutral pH values and viscosities from liquid to loose gel, for example, preventing lipid oxidation in salad dressings or enhancing stability of natural colours in juices or smoothies. The reported active packaging material offers industry and consumers another tool for extending the shelf life of foods while addressing clean label market demands, which may help to decrease food waste by reducing losses post‐retail due to oxidative degradation and microbial growth.
Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Micrometastasis: Insights from an Unconventional Cutaneous Presentation
Authors: Fardos Mohammad , Kopecky Heather , Sligh James , Browning Jill 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a highly lethal cancer known for its propensity to metastasise, yet the mechanisms underlying metastasis are not well defined. Cutaneous metastases from ccRCC are uncommon and typically occur within 3 years post-nephrectomy, predominantly affecting the scalp, chest or abdomen. Here, we present a unique case of a 75-year-old male, previously treated for ccRCC with right radical nephrectomy, who developed a singular skin lesion on the left side of the neck 19 years post-nephrectomy. The lesion was confirmed as metastatic ccRCC through histopathological analysis, despite negative imaging findings. Micrometastases, characterised by microscopic tumour cell foci in distant sites, pose a significant diagnostic challenge, frequently evading detection on conventional imaging modalities like computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. This case contributes to our understanding of ccRCC metastasis, emphasising the necessity for continued clinical vigilance and thorough diagnostic scrutiny, particularly concerning atypical metastatic sites.
Großflächige Membrandachkonstruktionen: Windbelastung und dynamische Reaktion
Authors: Wacker Tobias , Wacker Jürgen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWindlasten auf großflächige, leichte Membrandachtragwerke werden nach heutigem Stand der Technik projektspezifisch in Windkanaltests ermittelt. Simultane Winddruck‐Zeitreihenmessungen an der Dachober‐ und ‐unterseite ermöglichen die Berechnung instationärer Windlastverteilungen, deren Wichtigkeit für die Ermittlung der bemessungsrelevanten Windlastfälle aufgezeigt wird. Die zeitabhängigen Windlastverteilungen dienen auch als Basis für Simulationen windbedingter dynamischer resonanter Reaktionen großer, leichter Dächer. Diesbezüglich wird gezeigt, dass neben der zur Grundeigenfrequenz des Dachs gehörigen Modalform auch zu höheren Eigenfrequenzen gehörige Schwingungsmoden windbedingt angeregt werden können und folglich bei der statischen Bemessung zu berücksichtigen sind. Weiterhin wird verdeutlicht, dass die Definition nur eines konstanten dynamischen Lasterhöhungsfaktors für das Dach (meistens) nicht zielführend ist. Letztendlich wird aufgezeigt, dass Windkanaluntersuchungen für die Ermittlung zeitlich schwankender Windlasten und zugehöriger dynamischer resonanter Lasten geeigneter sind als numerische Simulationen (CFD).
T1 colorectal cancer patients' perspective on information provision and therapeutic decision‐making after local resection
Authors: Dekkers Nik , Dang Hao , de Graaf Manon , Nobbenhuis Kate , Verhoeven Daan A. , van der Kraan Jolein , de Vos tot Nederveen Cappel Wouter H. , Alkhalaf Alaa , van Westreenen Henderik L. , Basiliya Kirill , Peeters Koen C. M. J. , Westerterp Marinke , Doornebosch Pascal G. , Hardwick James C. H. , Langers Alexandra M. J. , Boonstra Jurjen J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundDecision‐making after local resection of T1 colorectal cancer (T1CRC) is often complex and calls for optimal information provision as well as active patient involvement.ObjectiveThe aim was to evaluate the perceptions of patients with T1CRC on information provision and therapeutic decision‐making.MethodsThis multicenter cross‐sectional study included patients who underwent endoscopic or local surgical resection as initial treatment. Information provision was assessed using the EORTC QLQ‐INFO25 questionnaire. In patients with high‐risk T1CRC, we evaluated decisional involvement and satisfaction regarding the choice as to whether to undergo additional treatment after local resection, and the level of decisional conflict using the Decisional Conflict Scale.ResultsNinety‐eight patients with T1CRC were included (72% response rate; 79/98 endoscopic and 19/98 local surgical resection; 45/98 high‐risk T1CRC). Median time since local resection was 28 months (IQR 18); none had developed recurrence. Unmet information needs were reported by 29 patients (30%; 18 low‐risk, 11 high‐risk), mostly on post‐treatment related topics (follow‐up visits, recovery time, recurrence prevention). After local resection, 24 of the 45 high‐risk patients (53%) underwent additional treatment, while others were subjected to surveillance. Higher‐educated patients were more often actively involved in decision‐making (93% vs. 43%, p = 0.002) and more frequently underwent additional treatment (79% vs. 40%, p = 0.02). Decisional conflict (p = 0.19) and satisfaction (p = 0.78) were comparable between higher‐ and lower‐educated high‐risk patients.ConclusionGreater attention should be given to the post‐treatment course during consultations following local T1CRC resection. The differences in decisional involvement and selected management strategies between higher‐ and lower‐educated high‐risk patients warrant further investigation.
Geopolitics
Authors: Höglund Johan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis chapter focuses on American Climate Emergency Narratives that describe how climate breakdown has created international geopolitical tension and conflict. These are narratives that show the US and other major powers such as China, India, and Russia leveraging their considerable military resources to compete over and secure vital natural resources, in the process of which they establish new command over, or lose, hegemony over the world-system. These texts thus register the fact that continued socio-ecological erosion may produce world wars in the future, but they see no alternative to such development. The questions these texts pose are ultimately how such future wars can be won by the American security apparatus or the nightmare that follows if other actors in the world-system take advantage of American failure.
Developmental Challenges in the Post-Independence Era
Authors: Chanda Chiseni Michael 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis book aims to explore the enduring influence of Christian missionaries in Zambia over the long term. Considering the longitudinal nature of this study, a crucial aspect is to provide an overview of Zambia’s economic development since gaining independence. In this chapter, the focus is on accentuating Zambia’s journey in the post-independence era, detailing significant economic shifts, and examining challenges encountered in the education and health sectors.
Research on Salt Corrosion Resistance Design of Highway Concrete Structures
Authors: Tang Xiong , Xiang Guoqiang , Zou Jie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn response to the problem of salt corrosion on highway concrete structures in high-altitude areas, this article studies the effects of water cement ratio, admixtures, and admixtures on the salt corrosion resistance of concrete through salt freezing cycle tests and salt freezing erosion resistance tests. The results indicate that under the conditions of meeting the workability of concrete, when the water cement ratio is below 0.4, the resistance to salt freezing and erosion is excellent. When the air content of concrete is between 0 and 3.8%, the salt freezing resistance and corrosion resistance of concrete increase with the increase of air content. When the air content exceeds 3.8%, the impact of the increase of air content on its performance decreases. It is advisable to use silica fume as the active mineral admixture for concrete in the admixture. If fly ash or mineral powder is used as the mineral admixture, the curing period must be extended.
Modeling Resilient Self-centering Concrete Walls with Repairable Structural Fuses to Predict Earthquake Performance
Authors: Yagoub Nouraldaim F. A. , Shehzad Aqdas , Ally Hikma , Wang Xiuxin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the last decades, earthquake-resilient structural systems have become popular in rocking structures and are considered a viable option for buildings in seismic regions. Self-centering concrete shear wall systems offer numerous benefits, including reduced seismic damage. Designing buildings, especially in areas with weak earthquakes, needs a simple damper for energy dissipation in terms of design, execution, and ease of removal after the seismic. Extensive experimental studies have demonstrated excellent seismic performance of the self-centering shear walls. However, the analytical models currently used still have some limitations for modeling the gap rocking behavior. This study presents a self-centering concrete wall with energy dissipation (ED) steel angle devices and evaluates it to achieve seismic-resilient building structures. The angle devices are externally installed on the wall corners to achieve controllable energy dissipation and are easily replaceable. The numerical study was performed using displacement control cyclic loading, and verification of the self-centering (SC) reinforced concrete RC wall was first introduced. Subsequently, five different configurations with different thicknesses of ED steel angles were investigated. The outcome demonstrates that the proposed system structure has excellent load-bearing capability, energy absorption, lower damage, and self-centering capability. In addition to improving the self-centering wall’s lateral stiffness, strength, and energy dissipation, increasing the angle damper thickness can also increase residual drift if it surpasses a certain threshold. Compared to rocking RC walls, the proposed RC walls offer a promising solution for low-performance structural systems required by resilient and sustainable civil infrastructure.
Selection of Construction Materials for a Thermal Insulation Layer of a Road
Authors: Galkin A. F. , Plotnikov N. A. , Pankov V. Yu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSafety of the roads in the permafrost region is largely determined by their thermal regime. The aim of the present work was to discover a function to determine the thermal conductivity coefficient of materials used to construct a thermal insulation layer of a road to prevent foundation soils from thawing over a permitted thawing depth. Two cases were surveyed: when the natural temperature of the soil is equal to ice melting temperature and when it is not equal to ice melting temperature. Engineering formulas permitting to quickly select the required thermal resistance property of an insulation material based on the known Biot number were derived. An expedient regularity is observed: the thermal resistance of the thermal insulation layer is roughly proportional to the dimensionless thawing depth. Correspondingly, when selecting the construction materials for a thermal insulation layer it can be considered that the increase in permissible thawing depth increases proportionally to the increase of the thermal conductivity coefficient of the insulation material. Considering that the physical and mechanical properties of the soil are not constant along the road length, the thermal resistance of the thermal insulation layer should be determined for individual sections of the road rather than for the entire route. Accordingly, the construction materials can also vary depending on the selected solutions for the road construction.
Use of Temporal Convolutional Network with an Attention Mechanism and a Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit to Capture and Predict Slope Debris Flow Risk
Authors: Wei Kai , Li Qing , Yao Yi , Sun Yeqing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA novel approach for predicting slope debris flow risk is proposed to address the issue of single-factor data modeling in current slope debris flow risk prediction. The DA-TCN-BiGRU approach combines the dual attention mechanism, temporal convolutional network, and bidirectional gated recurrent unit. Based on the slope debris flow simulation platform, rainfall, soil shear wave velocity, surface displacement, soil pressure and soil moisture data are collected. The data warning features of debris flow risk are captured using the TOSIS entropy method, and the risk level of the slope debris flow is represented based on this. Compared to similar models, this model achieves better slope debris flow risk prediction results.
Experimental Study on the Influence of Superplasticizer on the Performance of Ecotype Ultra-High Performance Concrete (E-UHPC)
Authors: Xu Gao , Deng Chungang , Xu Weiyu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA kind of Ecotype Ultra High Performance Concrete (E-UHPC) with silicate high strength cement and a variety of industrial tailings as cementing system, green sand as aggregate and ecotype organic fiber as reinforcing material is proposed. The fluidity, flexural strength and compressive strength of E-UHPC under different factors were studied by different superplasticizer content and sand particle size. The results show that the variation trend of fluidity with particle size can be expressed as an exponential function. The peaceability of E-UHPC with Superplasticizer content of 8% is better, and the flexural strength and compressive strength are better than that of E-UHPC with superplasticizer content of 15%. The research results can provide reasonable suggestions for the content of superplasticizer and the optimization of sand particle size of E-UHPC.
Research on the Installation Plan of Stiffening Beam and Bridge Deck for Single Tower and Single Span Steel Truss Suspension Bridge
Authors: Man Xianhui , Wang Yingjia , Yi Yanan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTaking a certain super large bridge with a main span of 256 m as the engineering background, the construction sequence of the stiffening beam and bridge deck of a single tower and single span steel truss suspension bridge was studied. The results show that different construction sequences of stiffening beams and bridge decks have a significant impact on the stress of stiffening beam members and suspension rods. Through simulation analysis, it is found that the stiffening beam of the bridge is lifted from the beam end to the B6 closure section, and the construction sequence of the bridge deck is symmetrical from the middle of the stiffening beam span to both ends. The steel truss stiffening beam members and suspension rods are the most reasonable in terms of stress, and the rationality of the installation construction plan is verified through actual measurement and monitoring data.
Operational Energy Saving and Carbon Reduction Benefits of Concrete MiC Building’s Envelope
Authors: Hou Miaomiao , Lin Yaoyu , Wang Qiong , He Xiaolu , Zheng Yiqian , Shen Pengyuan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractModular integrated Construction (MiC) is an off-site construction method of the highest level and has been fast developed to meet the demand for fast, low-cost and eco-friendly construction. As the construction industry is the main contributor to global energy consumption and carbon emissions, MiC has great potential to improve its thermal and energy performance through better envelope design. However, fewer existing papers study the environmental performance of MiC during the operational phase, especially for concrete MiC. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the environmental performance of MiC during the operation phase through a case study of a real project and a comparative LCA analysis. The simulation modeling was calibrated and validated with real-time measurement readings. The temporal and spatial variations of the indoor thermal environment were analyzed. Finally, the energy consumption was simulated and a whole-life-cycle assessment was conducted, to provide a holistic quantitative energy saving and carbon reduction analysis for MiC compared to normal prefabricated construction. This research can help to improve the envelope design guidance of MiC and the resulting environmental performance.
The Integration of Prefabricated Construction and Vertical Greening
Authors: Sun Jingjing , Zhou Fang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTo harness the synergy of prefabricated construction and vertical greening, this study focuses on two key aspects: component fusion and technological refinement, and the evaluation of ecological benefits and carbon sequestration potential. This involves optimizing materials, construction methods, and digitalization, along with analyzing carbon sequestration and ecological gains. Emphasizing cohesive design and systematic integration is crucial, with system integration and intelligentization serving as cornerstones for harmonized collaboration between these domains.
Encourage the Use of Prefabricated Building Technology to Improve the Quality of Life in Rural Areas During the Process of Rural Revitalization
Authors: Wang Qi , Li Yu , Wang Fei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe connotation of rural revitalization not only includes rural economic development and rural landscape reconstruction, but more importantly, the return of rural family integrity and the reshaping of rural pastoral life. The use of prefabricated building technology can quickly improve the quality of rural life at a low cost. Rooms, stairs, kitchens, bathrooms, and various building components can be prefabricated in the factory, while on-site workers are only responsible for overall assembly. Made of fiberglass material, the cost of prefabricated septic tanks and biogas digesters can be greatly reduced, and replacement and recycling are convenient, all of which can be completed in the factory. In addition to creating job opportunities, prefabricated building technology can also attract urban populations to settle in rural areas, creating a happy Chinese style rural pastoral life together.