bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional and Spatial System Model for City Infrastructure Systems: A City.Net IES Case Study
Authors: Adepetu Adedamola , Grogan Paul , Alfaris Anas , Svetinovic Davor , de Weck Olivier L. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTCity infrastructure systems have distinct functions but are not isolated from one another, with interactions existing between these systems. Modeling these systems requires a focus on the system functions and interdependencies. Most models focus on system failures rather than the unexpected effects of design decisions in these systems. This paper presents a functional and spatial modeling framework suited for the representation of city infrastructure systems. This framework comprises a systematic process for breaking down the system into fundamental components and defining the relations between the system components. In addition, the spatial feature of the framework facilitates the synthesis, analysis, and evaluation of infrastructures based on their geographical locations and spatial orientations. This system modeling approach is used to design an Integrated Energy System (IES) model in order to exhibit the features of this framework. The IES consists of standard energy system estimation techniques and tools such as MATPOWER for load flow analysis, and is also used to execute a city case study. As a result, the advantages of the functional and spatial framework for modeling city infrastructures are presented.
Multi‐target localization in wireless sensor networks: a compressive sampling‐based approach
Authors: Xin Kefei , Cheng Peng , Chen Jiming 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis paper considers the problem of localizing a group of targets whose number is unknown by wireless sensor networks. At each time slot, to save energy and bandwidth resources, only part of sensor nodes are scheduled to activate to remain continuous monitoring of all the targets. The localization problem is formulated as a sparse vector recovery problem by utilizing the spatial sparsity of targets’ location. Specifically, each activated sensor records the RSS values of the signals received from the targets and sends the measurements to the sink node where a compressive sampling‐based localization algorithm is conducted to recover the number and locations of targets. We decompose the problem into two sub‐problems, namely, which sensor nodes to activate, and how to utilize the measurements. For the first subproblem, to reduce the effect of measurement noise, we propose an iterative activation algorithm to re‐assign the activation probability of each sensor by exploiting the previous estimate. For the second subproblem, to further improve the localization accuracy, a sequential recovery algorithm is proposed, which conducts compressive sampling on the least squares residual of the previous estimate such that all the previous estimate can be utilized. Under some mild assumptions, we provide the analytical performance bound of our algorithm, and the running time of proposed algorithm is given subsequently. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithms.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stable and Metastable Self‐Assembled Rings based on trans‐chelated PdII
Authors: Pereira Fernanda A. , Fallows Thomas , Frank Marina , Chen Anqi , Clever Guido H. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn contrast to the large number of self‐assembled ring and cage structures based on cis‐chelated square‐planar metal complexes as connecting nodes, the use of trans‐chelated square‐planar building blocks is vastly underrepresented in supramolecular coordination chemistry. We here report of a strategy for the formation of self‐assembled ring structures based on the trans‐chelating ligand 1, 2‐bis(2‐pyridylethinyl)‐benzene coordinated to PdII in a 1:1 fashion and bis‐monodentate pyridyl bridging ligands. Depending on the angle between the two N‐donor functionalities of the bridging ligands, three‐ or two‐membered rings are quantitatively formed in solution. Whereas the former species show a high thermodynamic stability, the latter rings are of only kinetic stability if the bridging ligand is also able to form a coordination cage as an alternative product. The assembly and transformation of the supramolecular structures was characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy and high‐resolution FTICR‐ESI mass spectrometry, augmented by semiempiric PM6 geometry optimizations.
α‐Tocopherol does not Accelerate Depletion of γ‐Tocopherol and Tocotrienol or Excretion of their Metabolites in Rats
Authors: Uchida Tomono , Nomura Saki , Sakuma Eri , Hanzawa Fumiaki , Ikeda Saiko 
Published: May 2013

AbstractFrom an enzyme kinetic study using rat liver microsomes, α‐tocopherol has been suggested to accelerate the other vitamin E catabolism by stimulating vitamin E ω‐hydroxylation, the late limiting reaction of the vitamin E catabolic pathway. To test the effect of α‐tocopherol on catabolism of the other vitamin E isoforms in vivo, we determined whether α‐tocopherol accelerates depletion of γ‐tocopherol and tocotrienol and excretion of their metabolites in rats. Male Wistar rats were fed a γ‐tocopherol‐rich diet for 6 weeks followed by a γ‐tocopherol‐free diet with or without α‐tocopherol for 7 days. Intake of γ‐tocopherol‐free diets lowered γ‐tocopherol concentrations in serum, liver, adrenal gland, small intestine, and heart, but there was no effect of dietary α‐tocopherol on γ‐tocopherol concentrations. The level of urinary excretion of γ‐tocopherol metabolite was not affected by dietary α‐tocopherol. Next, the effect of α‐tocopherol on tocotrienol depletion was examined using rats fed a tocotrienol‐rich diet for 6 weeks. Subsequent intake of a tocotrienol‐free diet with or without α‐tocopherol for 7 days depleted concentrations of α‐ and γ‐tocotrienol in serum and tissues, which was accompanied by a decrease in the excretion of γ‐tocotrienol metabolite. However, neither the tocotrienol concentration nor γ‐tocotrienol metabolite excretion was affected by dietary α‐tocopherol. These data showed that dietary α‐tocopherol did not accelerate the depletion of γ‐tocopherol and tocotrienol and their metabolite excretions, suggesting that the positive effect of α‐tocopherol on vitamin E ω‐hydroxylase is not sufficient to affect the other isoform concentrations in tissues.
Acetate Reduces PGE2 Release and Modulates Phospholipase and Cyclooxygenase Levels in Neuroglia Stimulated with Lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Soliman Mahmoud L. , Ohm Joyce E. , Rosenberger Thad A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAcetate supplementation attenuates neuroglial activation, increases histone and non‐histone protein acetylation, reduces pro‐inflammatory cytokine expression, and increases IL‐4 transcription in rat models of neuroinflammation and Lyme's neuroborreliosis. Because eicosanoid signaling is involved in neuroinflammation, we measured the effect acetate treatment had on phospholipase, cyclooxygenase, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels in BV‐2 microglia and primary astrocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In BV‐2 microglia, we found that LPS increased the phosphorylation‐state of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), reduced the levels of phospholipase C (PLC) β1, and increased the levels of cyclooxygenase (Cox)‐1 and ‐2. Acetate treatment returned PLCβ1 and Cox‐1 levels to normal, attenuated the increase in Cox‐2, but had no effect on cPLA2 phosphorylation. In primary astrocytes, LPS increased the phosphorylation of cPLA2 and increased the levels of Cox‐1 and Cox‐2. Acetate treatment in these cells reduced secretory PLA2 IIA and PLCβ1 levels as compared to LPS‐treatment groups, reversed the increase in cPLA2 phosphorylation, and returned Cox‐1 levels to normal. Acetate treatment reduced PGE2 release in astrocytes stimulated with LPS to control levels, but did not alter PGE2 levels in BV‐2 microglia. The amount of acetylated H3K9 bound to the promoter regions of Cox‐1, Cox‐2, IL‐1β and NF‐κB p65 genes, but not IL‐4 in were increased in BV‐2 microglia treated with acetate. These data suggest that acetate treatment can disrupt eicosanoid signaling in neuroglia that may, in part, be the result of altering gene expression due chromatin remodeling as a result of increasing H3K9 acetylation.
Brewer's Yeast as a New Source of Palmitoleic Acid—Analysis of Triacylglycerols by LC–MS
Authors: Řezanka Tomáš , Matoulková Dagmar , Kolouchová Irena , Masák Jan , Sigler Karel 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe identified both fatty acids and TAG in waste yeast from seven breweries employing both top and bottom fermentation. Brewer′s yeast was found to contain FA exhibiting a broad range of acyl chain lengths, with a high proportion of the nutritionally and biotechnologically important palmitoleic acid. Analysis of FA by GC–MS and of TAG by LC–MS with APCI provided information on the type of brewer′s yeast and technology of fermentation. The composition of TAG containing major FA such as palmitic, palmitoleic and oleic acid was found to depend not only on the type of yeast strain, i.e. Saccharomycespastorianus or S. cerevisiae, but also on brewing fermentation process, i.e. top versus bottom fermentation. Top and bottom yeast can readily be distinguished by the ratios of some regioisomers of TAG since, e.g., the ratio of regioisomers PoOPo and PoPoO is always >1 in top fermenting yeast and <1 in bottom yeast. The ratios can thus be used as markers for determining the yeast type and beer‐producing technology in a given brewery.
Flexible interwoven termini determine the thermal stability of thermosomes
Authors: Zhang Kai , Wang Li , Liu Yanxin , Chan Kwok-Yan , Pang Xiaoyun , Schulten Klaus , Dong Zhiyang , Sun Fei 
Published: May 2013

AbstractGroup II chaperonins, which assemble as double-ring complexes, assist in the refolding of nascent peptides or denatured proteins in an ATP-dependent manner. The molecular mechanism of group II chaperonin assembly and thermal stability is yet to be elucidated. Here, we selected the group II chaperonins (cpn-α and cpn-β), also called thermosomes, from Acidianus tengchongensis and investigated their assembly and thermal stability. We found that the binding of ATP or its analogs contributed to the successful assembly of thermosomes and enhanced their thermal stabilities. Cpn-β is more thermally stable than cpn-α, while the thermal stability of the hetero thermosome cpn-αβ is intermediate. Cryo-electron microscopy reconstructions of cpn-α and cpn-β revealed the interwoven densities of their non-conserved flexible N/C-termini around the equatorial planes. The deletion or swapping of their termini and pH-dependent thermal stability assays revealed the key role of the termini electrostatic interactions in the assembly and thermal stability of the thermosomes.
Compensatory knowledge signaling in consumer word‐of‐mouth
Authors: Packard Grant , Wooten David B. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis paper extends prior research on consumer knowledge beliefs and word‐of‐mouth transmission. Findings from four studies suggest that people compensate for unfavorable discrepancies between their actual and ideal consumer knowledge with heightened efforts to signal knowledgeability through the content and volume of their word‐of‐mouth transmissions. This compensatory knowledge signaling effect is moderated by the self‐concept relevance (psychological closeness) of the word‐of‐mouth target and lay beliefs in the self‐enhancement benefits of transmitting product knowledge. Content analysis of participants' product communications further supports our knowledge signaling account. The relationship between actual:ideal knowledge discrepancies and heightened word‐of‐mouth intentions is mediated by the specific negative emotion associated with actual:ideal self‐discrepancies. Overall, the findings suggest that the relationship between consumer knowledge and word‐of‐mouth transmission depends not only on what you think you know, but also on what you wish you knew.
Variable phenotype expression with a frameshift mutation of the cardiac sodium channel gene SCN5A
Authors: Kawakami Hiroshi , Aiba Takeshi , Yamada Tadakatsu , Okayama Hideki , Kazatani Yukio , Konishi Kyoko , Nakajima Ikutaro , Miyamoto Koji , Yamada Yuko , Okamura Hideo , Noda Takashi , Satomi Kazuhiro , Kamakura Shiro , Makita Naomasa , Shimizu Wataru 
Published: May 2013

AbstractLoss‐of‐function mutations in the cardiac sodium channel α‐subunit gene SCN5A result in multiple inherited arrhythmic syndromes. This case report describes 2 unrelated probands carrying an identical SCN5A frameshift mutation, V1764fsX1786, who exhibited distinct clinical manifestations: progressive cardiac conduction defect (PCCD)/Brugada syndrome (patient #1) and idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (IVF) (patient #2). Using a whole‐cell patch clamp technique, cells expressing V1764fsX1786 showed no observable Na+ current. Therefore, a significant phenotypic overlap was found between IVF and PCCD/Brugada syndrome in the 2 probands with the V1764fsX1786, loss‐of‐function frameshift mutation of the cardiac sodium channel gene SCN5A.
Prevalence of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo in the Young Adult Population
Authors: Kerrigan Mary A. , Costigan Marguerite F. , Blatt Kathryn J. , Mathiason Michelle A. , Domroese Mark E. 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), defined as positionally induced nystagmus (PIN) with associated symptoms on provocative testing, in the young healthy adult population.DesignA prospective, cohort, screening study.SettingA community‐based hospital located in a small midwestern city with a greater metropolitan population of approximately 125,000.ParticipantsOne hundred ninety‐eight young adults (99 men and 99 women), ages 18‐34 years and not being treated for dizziness or balance problems, were recruited from November 2009 to April 2010.MethodsThe participants completed questionnaires that detailed demographics, medical and surgical history, sports and/or activity participation history, and baseline symptoms commonly associated with BPPV. The participants were screened for inclusion with an ocular motor assessment in room light, followed by a vestibular positional assessment for BPPV with infrared camera–equipped goggles recorded on digital video disk.Main Outcome MeasurementThe prevalence of BPPV, defined as PIN, along with symptoms in study participants.ResultsThe prevalence of BPPV was 9% in this young adult population. Symptoms during testing were reported in 14% of all subjects (22% of women, 5% of men). Of 22 women who reported symptoms, 12 had PIN (P = .519), whereas the 5 men who reported symptoms all had PIN (P = .001). PIN, characteristic of that seen in BPPV (with or without associated symptoms), was identified in 53% of subjects, with 43% of subjects having posterior canal involvement, 10% having anterior canal involvement, and 8% having horizontal canal involvement. Eleven percent of subjects had bilateral semicircular canal involvement.ConclusionNine percent of our young adult subjects were diagnosed with previously unrecognized BPPV, with provoked symptoms of dizziness, headache, nausea, or imbalance, symptoms that may cause significant physical and psychosocial limitations if left untreated. This is an important finding because BPPV is an often‐overlooked diagnosis that has a known, very effective treatment.
PRIVACY AND LACK OF KNOWLEDGE
Authors: Fallis Don 
Published: May 2013

AbstractTwo sorts of connections between privacy and knowledge (or lack thereof) have been suggested in the philosophical literature. First, Alvin Goldman has suggested that protecting privacy typically leads to less knowledge being acquired. Second, several other philosophers (e.g. Parent, Matheson, Blaauw and Peels) have claimed that lack of knowledge is definitive of having privacy. In other words, someone not knowing something is necessary and sufficient for someone else having privacy about that thing. Or equivalently, someone knowing something is necessary and sufficient for someone else losing privacy about that thing. In this paper, I argue that both of these suggestions are incorrect. I begin by arguing, contra Goldman, that protecting privacy often leads to more knowledge being acquired. I argue in the remainder of the paper, contra the defenders of the knowledge account of privacy, that someone knowing something is not necessary for someone else losing privacy about that thing.
TESTIMONIAL ENTITLEMENT, NORMS OF ASSERTION AND PRIVACY
Authors: Nickel Philip J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAccording to assurance views of testimonial justification, in virtue of the act of testifying a speaker provides an assurance of the truth of what she asserts to the addressee. This assurance provides a special justificatory force and a distinctive normative status to the addressee. It is thought to explain certain asymmetries between addressees and other unintended hearers (bystanders and eavesdroppers), such as the phenomenon that the addressee has a right to blame the speaker for conveying a falsehood but unintended hearers do not, and the phenomenon that the addressee may deflect challenges to his testimonial belief to the speaker but unintended hearers may not. Here I argue that we can do a better job explaining the normative statuses associated with testimony by reference to epistemic norms of assertion and privacy norms. Following Sanford Goldberg, I argue that epistemic norms of assertion, according to which sincere assertion is appropriate only when the asserter possesses certain epistemic goods, can be ‘put to work’ to explain the normative statuses associated with testimony. When these norms are violated, they give hearers the right to blame the speaker, and they also explain why the speaker takes responsibility for the justification of the statement asserted. Norms of privacy, on the other hand, directly exclude eavesdroppers and bystanders from an informational exchange, implying that they have no standing to do many of the things, such as issue challenges or questions to the speaker, that would be normal for conversational participants. This explains asymmetries of normative status associated with testimony in a way logically independent of speaker assurance.
A health screening and promotion clinic to improve metabolic monitoring for patients prescribed antipsychotic medication
Authors: Gallagher D. , Buckley M. , Kenny C. , Onwudiwe C. , Young C. , Rutledge J. , Grenham I. , Kilduff M. 
Published: May 2013

ObjectivesWe sought to determine whether the introduction of a health screening and promotion clinic might serve as a useful addition to existing services for patients prescribed antipsychotic medication. In particular, we wished to assess whether such a clinic might improve adherence to best practice guidelines. We also wished to determine the level of patient interest in such a clinic and how readily this service might be provided within the constraints of existing clinical resources.MethodsWe conducted an audit of outpatient records before and following the introduction of a health screening and promotion clinic.ResultsOf the eligible patients, 73% attended the clinic. The proportion of patients who had fasting blood tests within the previous 12 months increased from 45% at baseline to 85% at follow-up (χ2 = 14.1, p < 0.001). The proportion of patients with appropriate physical observations completed increased from 5% at baseline to 80% at follow-up (χ2 = 46.0, p < 0.001).ConclusionsWe found that the introduction of a health screening and promotion clinic improved adherence to best practice guidelines. This service was well received and readily provided within the constraints of existing resources. Ultimately, the structure of services to screen and advise patients prescribed antipsychotic medication will be determined by local resource considerations and configuration of services.
Numerical Investigation on the Effect of the Size and Number of Stages on the Tesla Microvalve Efficiency
Authors: Mohammadzadeh K. , Kolahdouz E. M. , Shirani E. , Shafii M. B. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn the present study, the effect of the number of stages of Tesla Micro-Valve (TMV), as well as the dependency of Reynolds number, Re, on the valve performance has been analyzed. For this purpose, different layouts include one to four-stage with different sizes are investigated numerically. The main criterion for evaluation of valves performance is diodicity, Di. Unsteady and steady flow in valve have been simulated and compared. It is shown that although there are some difference but the trend is similar for both responses. Finally, 2-D and steady state computations of the fluid flow have been utilized that reveal a strong dependence of Di on Re and pressure drop, ΔP. The results showed that the maximum Di of the two-stage microvalve is approximately 1.45 times of that of one-stage. Additional stages increase the complexity, and they do not change Di appreciably. It is concluded that two-stage layout of Tesla type valve is the best option. Also, the two-stage valve performance for three different sizes is compared with Nozzle-Diffuser type Micro-Valve (NDMV). Comparisons, which are performed based on calculation Di in applicable range of Re, showed that Di as a function of Re is independent of the valve size. Also, the superiority of the Tesla type valve at higher Re and its weakness at lower Re is observed.
Tectonothermal evolution of a major thrust system: the Esla–Valsurbio unit (Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain)
Authors: GARCÍA-LÓPEZ SUSANA , BASTIDA FERNANDO , ALLER JESÚS , SANZ-LÓPEZ JAVIER , MARÍN JOSÉ A. , BLANCO-FERRERA SILVIA 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe tectonothermal evolution of a unit in the foreland fold-and-thrust belt of the Iberian massif is established using the conodont colour alteration index (CAI). The unit consists of two parts with different tectonothermal histories – the Esla nappe region and the Valsurbio region – separated by a synorogenic Carboniferous basin (Guardo–Valderrueda basin). The Esla nappe region evolved in diacaizonal conditions (corresponding to the diagenetic conditions of the pelites) whose palaeotemperatures were controlled by rock burial. Maximum values were reached before the emplacement of the thrust nappes, so tectonic superimposition is not registered by the CAI. Overburial due to the emplacement of the thrust units was prevented by simultaneous intense erosion. The geothermal gradient obtained for burial wasc. 35 °C km−1and the temperature reached by the older Cambrian rocks wasc. 210–230 °C. The Valsurbio region was affected by an extensional tectonothermal post-orogenic event that gave rise to metamorphism with ancaizonal or epicaizonal conditions (corresponding to anchizone or epizone of the pelites). The most common maximum palaeotemperatures reached in this event fall within the range 305–415 °C, although higher palaeotemperatures could be reached locally as a consequence of contact metamorphism. This event gave rise to subhorizontal cleavage that cuts the main Variscan folds. Coal rank data indicate an increase in maximum palaeotemperatures eastwards from the Esla nappe region to the Valsurbio region through the Guardo–Valderrueda basin.
Chevalier Jackson: pioneer and protector of children
Authors: Giddings C E B , Rimmer J , Weir N 
Published: May 2013

AbstractChevalier Jackson was one of the greatest pioneers of otolaryngology. He was a pioneer of oesophagoscopy, bronchoscopy and the removal of foreign bodies. He changed the mortality rate for an airway foreign body from 98 per cent to a survival rate of 98 per cent. He became distressed by the number of preventable injuries in children from the ingestion of caustic substances, most commonly household lye. His experiences of children with oesophageal stricturing secondary to caustic ingestion moved him to start a campaign to force manufacturers to label all poisonous substances as such. This took him from the American Senate to the House of Representatives and back again; the Federal Caustic Poisons Act (1927) is still enforced today. In a career with over 400 publications, written during exacerbations of his pulmonary tuberculosis, his life story is a remarkable one, only part of which is widely known.