bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐risk medication use among older adults with cognitive impairment living alone in the United States
Authors: Growdon Matthew E. , Jing Bocheng , Yaffe Kristine , Karliner Leah S. , Possin Katherine L. , Portacolone Elena , Boscardin W. John , Harrison Krista L. , Steinman Michael A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundMore than one‐fourth of older adults with cognitive impairment (CI) live alone; these individuals often lack support for medication management and face a high risk of adverse drug events. We characterized the frequency and types of high‐risk medications used by older adults with CI living alone and, for context, compared patterns with those in older adults with CI living with others.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study of National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) data and Medicare claims (2015–2017). We ascertained cognitive status from NHATS and medication use with Part D claims. We compared high‐risk medication use (those with adverse cognitive effects or low tolerance for misuse) among older adults with CI living alone versus living with others using logistic regression models adjusted for demographic/clinical factors.ResultsThe unweighted sample included 1569 older adults with CI, of whom 491 (weighted national estimate, 31%) were living alone. In the living‐alone group, the mean age was 79.9 years and 66% were female, 64% reported managing medications on their own without difficulty, 14% reported managing medications on their own with difficulty, and 18% received total support with medication management. Older adults with CI living alone used a median of 5 medications (IQR, 3–8), 16% took ≥10 medications, and 46% took ≥1 high‐risk medication (anticholinergic/sedating: 24%; opioid: 13%; anticoagulant: 10%; sulfonylurea: 10%; insulin: 9%). Compared with those living with others, the use of high‐risk medications was similar (p > 0.05 for unadjusted/adjusted comparisons). Those living alone were more likely both to take at least one high‐risk medication and not receive help with medication management: 34% in those living alone versus 23% living with others (p < 0.05 for unadjusted/adjusted comparisons).ConclusionsOlder adults with CI living alone use many medications; nearly half use high‐risk medications. Our findings can inform medication optimization interventions supporting this vulnerable population.
The Medicare annual wellness visit: An opportunity to improve health system identification of hearing loss?
Authors: Powell Danielle S. , Wu Mingche M. J. , Nothelle Stephanie , Smith Jamie M. , Gleason Kelly , Oh Esther S. , Lum Hillary D. , Reed Nicholas S. , Wolff Jennifer L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundHearing loss is prevalent and consequential but under‐diagnosed and managed. The Medicare Annual Wellness Visit (AWV) health risk assessment elicits patient‐reported hearing concerns but whether such information affects documentation, diagnosis, or referral is unknown.MethodsWe use 5 years of electronic medical record (EMR) data (2017–2022) for a sample of 13,776 older primary care patients. We identify the first (index) AWV indication of hearing concerns and existing and subsequent hearing loss EMR diagnoses (visit diagnoses or problem list diagnoses) and audiology referrals. For a 20% random sample of AWV notes (n = 474) we compared hearing loss EMR diagnoses to documentation of (1) hearing concerns, (2) hearing loss/aid use, and (3) referrals for hearing care.ResultsOf 3845 (27.9%) older adults who identified hearing concerns (mean age 79.1 years, 57% female, 75% white) 24% had an existing hearing diagnosis recorded. Among 474 patients with AWV clinical notes reviewed, 90 (19%) had an existing hearing loss diagnosis. Clinicians were more likely to document hearing concerns or hearing loss/aid use for those with (vs. without) an existing EMR diagnosis (50.6% vs. 35.9%, p = 0.01; 68.9% vs. 37.5%, p < 0.001, respectively). EMR diagnoses of hearing loss were recorded for no more than 40% of those with indicated hearing concerns. Among those without prior diagnosis 38 (9.9%) received a hearing care referral within 1 month. Subgroup analysis suggest greater likelihood of documenting hearing concerns for patients age 80+ (OR:1.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03, 2.19) and decreased likelihood of documenting known hearing loss among patients with more chronic conditions (OR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.27, 0.9), with no differences observed by race.ConclusionDocumentation of hearing loss in EMR and AWV clinical notes is limited among older adults with subjective hearing concerns. Systematic support and incorporation of hearing into EMR and clinical notes may increase hearing loss visibility by care teams.
The evolution of nutritional care in preterm infants with a focus on the extreme preterm infant
Authors: Mustapha Moriam , Blair Hester , Leake Nadia , Johnson Vanessa , van den Akker Chris H. P. , Embleton Nicholas D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe evolution of nutritional care in preterm infants, particularly those classified as extremely preterm, has undergone significant advancements in recent years. These infants, born at less than 28 weeks of gestation, face unique challenges related to their elevated nutrient requirements, underdeveloped organ systems and minimal reserves, posing a need for timely and specialised nutritional strategies. Historically, the nutritional management of preterm infants focussed on short‐term goals to promote survival. In recent years, the focus has shifted to the quality of nutrient provision to optimise neurodevelopment and longer‐term health outcomes. This review highlights the shift from a generalised nutritional approach to a robust, evidence‐based approach for preterm infants, acknowledging the intricate interplay between nutrition, holistic care and developmental outcomes. As neonatal care continues to evolve, ongoing research will refine nutritional interventions, optimise growth and enhance the long‐term health outcomes of these vulnerable infants.
Disparities in Screening and Treatment Patterns for Depression and Anxiety During Pregnancy: An Integrative Review
Authors: Eakley Rachel , Lyndon Audrey 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionSymptoms of untreated depression and anxiety during pregnancy are associated with serious adverse effects for the pregnant person, birth outcomes, and child development. However, pregnant persons are less likely to be screened and treated compared with nonpregnant people. In this systematic review, we aimed to explore individual, provider, and systems factors that impact screening, identification, and treatment patterns for depression and anxiety during pregnancy.MethodsStudies were eligible for inclusion if they were conducted within the United States and published in English between January 2012 and January 2023. Each study included analysis that compared rates of screening, identification, or treatment engagement and explicitly discussed disparities or health equity in marginalized groups. Fifteen articles met full inclusion criteria.ResultsResults demonstrated variation in the screening, identification, and treatment of depression and anxiety during pregnancy among diverse groups of patients. Screening rates ranged from 51.3% in Puerto Rico to 90.7% in Alaska. Among specific clinical populations, rates were as low as 2.0%. Fewer than half of patients were referred to treatment when indicated by screening or diagnoses. Patient characteristics such as age, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic and health factors, mental health history, and obesity were associated with variation in the rates of screening, diagnoses, or treatment engagement. Language factors were the most common factor associated with lower rates of screening and treatment access.DiscussionResults suggest that many pregnant people are being overlooked and lack appropriate referrals or resources to access treatment. Results are consistent with previous findings that role confusion and lack of time, provider training, and interest contribute to low rates of screening and treatment. Future research must focus on system level factors to address perceived barriers to screening and treating depression and anxiety during pregnancy in a systematic and equitable way.
Sleep is associated with telomere shortening: A population‐based longitudinal study
Authors: Tempaku Priscila Farias , D'Almeida Vânia , Andersen Monica Levy , Tufik Sergio 
Published: July 2024

SummaryAs the chronological age increases, there is a decrease in the telomere length (TL). Associations between TL and age‐related diseases have been described. Since the major pathophysiological factors related to inadequate sleep (including sleep complaints and sleep disorders) contribute to the exacerbation of inflammation and oxidative stress, an association of sleep and TL has been proposed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between sleep‐related variables with TL in a longitudinal framework. We used data derived from the EPISONO cohort, which was followed over 8 years. All individuals answered sleep‐related questionnaires, underwent a full‐night polysomnography (PSG), and had their blood collected for DNA extraction. The TL was measured through a quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. Age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking, physical activity status, and the 10 principal components (ancestry estimate) were considered covariables. Of the 1042 individuals in the EPISONO cohort, 68.3% agreed to participate in the follow‐up study (n = 712). Baseline SpO2 (ß = 0.008, p = 0.007), medium SpO2 (ß = 0.013, p = 0.013), and total sleep time <90% (ß = −0.122, p = 0.012) had an effect on TL from the follow‐up. The 8 year TL attrition was inversely associated with total sleep time, sleep efficiency, sleep architecture variables, wake after sleep onset, arousal index, oxygen‐related variables baseline, and the presence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We conclude that individuals with worse sleep quality, alterations in sleep architecture, and OSA had greater TL attrition over the 8 years. Using a longitudinal approach, these findings confirm previous cross‐sectional evidence linking sleep with accelerated biological ageing.
Culmination phenomena across languages
Authors: Kardos Éva 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article examines culmination phenomena from a cross‐linguistic perspective. It provides an overview of various (non‐)culmination readings that sentences in different languages may receive in light of much prior literature on this topic, especially from the past 2 decades. An important goal is to showcase facts of defeasible versus entailed culmination and discuss how scholars have dealt with these facts in recent analyses. Although (non‐)culmination phenomena are often approached from a semantic perspective in the literature, in the second part of the paper, I also address questions of syntactic representation regarding verbal predicates associated with maximal versus non‐maximal event interpretations. This survey of the empirical landscape ultimately shows that, despite the plethora of works on event culmination, there are still numerous puzzles in need of explanation, especially when culmination is examined from a cross‐linguistic angle.
A distinct protein posttranslational modifications‐linked OsATL32‐OsPPKL2‐OsGSK2 loop modulates rice immunity against blast disease
Authors: Yan Yuqing , Wang Hui , Bi Yan , Wang Jiajing , Li Dayong , Song Fengming 
Published: July 2024

Summary

Protein posttranslational modifications play crucial roles in plant immunity through modulating a complicated signaling network mediated by different hormones. We previously demonstrated that OsATL32, an ATL‐type E3 ligase, negatively contributes to rice immunity against Magnaporthe oryzae.

Here, we show that OsATL32 forms a loop with OsPPKL2 and OsGSK2 through distinct protein posttranslational modifications to modulate rice immunity.

OsATL32 ubiquitinates OsPPKL2, a protein phosphatase with Kelch‐like repeat domains that exerts positive roles in regulating rice immunity against M. oryzae and chitin‐triggered immune responses, for degradation. The glycogen synthase kinase 2 (OsGSK2), which acts as a negative regulator of rice immunity against M. oryzae and chitin‐triggered immune responses, phosphorylates OsATL32 to elevate its protein stability and E3 ligase activity on OsPPKL2. Moreover, OsPPKL2 directly dephosphorylates OsGSK2, affecting its kinase activity on substrates including OsATL32 for phosphorylation. Like OsGSK2 as a BR signaling repressor, OsATL32 negatively regulates BR signaling; conversely, OsPPKL2 plays a positive role in BR signaling.

These findings provide a molecular mechanism in which OsATL32 serves as a node connecting BR signaling and immunity by associating with OsPPKL2 and OsGSK2, assembling into a distinct protein posttranslational modifications‐linked loop that functions in rice BR signaling and immunity.
Overcoming underestimation of the association of excess weight with pancreatic cancer due to prediagnostic weight loss: Umbrella review of systematic reviews, meta‐analyses, and pooled‐analyses
Authors: Mandic Marko , Pulte Dianne , Safizadeh Fatemeh , Niedermaier Tobias , Hoffmeister Michael , Brenner Hermann 
Published: July 2024

SummaryElevated body mass index (BMI) is linked to increased pancreatic cancer (PC) risk. Cancer‐associated weight loss can occur years before the malignancy is diagnosed. This might have led to underestimation of the BMI‐PC association. However, it is unknown if and to what extent this issue has been considered in previous epidemiological studies. We searched two databases through February 19, 2024 for systematic reviews, meta‐analyses, and pooled analyses examining the BMI‐PC association. We extracted information on study design with a special focus on the article's examination of prediagnostic weight loss as a potential source of bias, as well as how included cohort studies addressed this concern. Thirteen review articles, meta‐analyses, and pooled analyses were identified. Only five (four pooled analyses, one systematic review) considered prediagnostic weight loss in their analyses. Twenty‐four of 32 identified cohort studies reported having excluded initial years of follow‐up. However, only 13 studies reported results after such exclusions, and effect estimates generally increased with longer periods of exclusion. We conclude that the association of overweight and obesity with PC risk is likely larger than suggested by published epidemiological evidence. Future studies should pay careful attention to avoid or minimize potential bias resulting from prediagnostic weight loss.
Association between preconception body mass index and fertility in adult female: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhou Jixing , Zhang Yi , Teng Yuzhu , Dou Lianjie , Chen Huiru , Tao Fangbiao , Huang Kun 
Published: July 2024

SummaryObesity potentially reduces fertility, but systematic reviews are lacking to summarize the existing literature. Therefore, we systematically summarized the association between preconception body mass index (BMI) and fertility in adult female based on existing reports. Up to September 2023, we conducted literature retrievals in different databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Wiley, and ScienceDirect. Finally, 18 studies were included. Female with overweight/obesity (FOR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.80, 0.90), obesity (FOR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.83), and overweight (FOR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.99) was associated with the significant time‐to‐pregnancy (TTP) prolongation (reduced fecundability). Interestingly, underweight was moderately associated with prolonged TTP in females (FOR = 0.95; 95% CI: 0.91, 0.99). Female overweight/obesity was associated with an increased risk of subfecundity (OR = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.72) and infertility (OR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.31–1.94). The findings emphasize the importance of considering appropriate preconception BMI at the population level for female fertility outcomes. In particular, prepregnancy obesity in females is strongly associated with prolonged TTP and increased risk of subfecundity. Scientific management of preconception BMI may improve fertility.
Sources of resistance to witches' broom disease in cacao (Theobroma cacao L.): Progress update and perspectives
Authors: Pereira Jocilene dos Santos , Santos Ariana Silva , Luz Edna Dora Martins Newman , Corrêa Ronan Xavier 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSources of resistance are an important control measure for witches' broom disease in cacao. Their identification through quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and genetic diversity analysis would assist breeding programs to develop new cultivars with improved resistance traits. We conducted a systematic review that compiles the main advances in the search for resistance to witches' broom disease. The systematic review on Scopus, Springer Link, PubMed, SciELO, and Web of Science databases followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines using the State of the Art through Systematic Review (StArt) software. We identified genotypes exhibiting the most significant resistance in phenotypic analysis, along with combinations of crosses that are promising for future studies and cultivar development. Data on genetic diversity indicate a wide possibility of benefits from heterozygosis. Genetic mapping and association studies revealed eight QTLs associated with resistance and several candidate genes with known and unknown biological functions. More comprehensive research of the various sources of resistance to witches' broom disease is crucial for the advance of cacao breeding programs.
The Crucial Role of Empowerment in Engaging Adolescents and Young Adults for Independence: Essential Strategies and Skills for a Successful Transition
Authors: Vittorio Jennifer , Kosmach‐Park Beverly , King Lindsay 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAn increasing number of pediatric solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are surviving into adolescence and young adulthood. The transition from pediatric to adult‐oriented care occurs during a unique and vulnerable period.MethodsPresented here is a structured approach to healthcare transition (HCT) for adolescent and young adult SOT recipients aimed at optimizing independence in order to assist young patients with adherence, self‐management, and improved quality of life.ResultsClose attention must be paid to neurocognitive development, mental well‐being, and social determinants of health.ConclusionsThese efforts require a multidisciplinary team approach as well as collaboration between pediatric and adult providers in order to achieve these goals and patient longevity.
Is the change in longitudinal cognitive function in older adults with diabetes affected by trajectory classes of depressive symptoms?
Authors: Kang Gyeong A , Yoon Ju Young 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to identify classes based on the trajectory of depressive symptoms and to examine the impact of trajectory classes of depressive symptoms on longitudinal changes in cognitive function in older adults with diabetes.MethodsThis is a secondary data analysis of 572 older adults with diabetes using data from the 5th (2014) to 8th (2020) wave of the Korean longitudinal study of aging. Analysis of latent class growth and the effect of trajectories of depressive symptoms on cognitive function was examined using a latent growth curve model. This analysis has been found to be functional in change trajectories and in describing the direction of the trajectory.ResultsThe trajectory of depressive symptoms was classified into four classes: low‐stable (36.89%), high‐decreasing (20.28%), low‐increasing (18.71%), and high‐persistent (24.13%). Compared with the high‐persistent class, higher initial levels of cognitive function were observed in the high‐decreasing and low‐stable classes. Compared with the high‐persistent class, a slower rate of cognitive decline was observed in the low‐stable class (B = 0.410, p = .021).ConclusionsContinuous monitoring of depressive symptoms and early management of depressive symptoms for community‐dwelling older adults with diabetes can help prevent the cognitive decline and delay the deterioration of cognitive function.
Health inequalities and their relationship with socioeconomic indicators in the Maresme region (Catalonia): A cross‐sectional ecological study
Authors: Ruiz Maria Carmen , Serra‐Prat Mateu , Palomera Elisabet , Yildirim Meltem , Valls Jordi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveHealth inequalities are universal, but their magnitude and determinants vary according to geographic areas, and understanding variations is essential to designing and implementing preventive and corrective policies. Our objective was to evaluate health inequalities in the Maresme region (Catalonia, Spain) and the relationship with socioeconomic indicators.DesignCross‐sectional ecological study (2017).SiteMaresme region.ParticipantsPopulation assigned to any of the Maresme's 21 basic health areas (BHAs).MeasuresSociodemographic, socioeconomic, health, and health resource use indicators published by the Catalan Health Service's Information and Knowledge Unit.ResultsDifferences observed between BHAs were 49% in mortality, 266% in diabetes incidence, 348% in stroke incidence, and 89% in hospitalizations. In the most compared to the least disadvantaged BHAs, socioeconomic deprivation, as measured by the socioeconomic index (SEI), was 4.6 times greater and the percentage population with low educational attainment (EA) was 3.7 times higher. Greater deprivation was associated with greater prevalence of diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and high blood pressure, and greater incidence of diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and cancer. Likewise, a greater percentage population with low EA was associated with higher premature mortality and avoidable hospitalizations.ConclusionGreat variation exists in socioeconomic, health, and health resource use between the different Maresme BHAs. Socioeconomic deprivation is strongly correlated with the prevalence and incidence of certain chronic diseases, and low EA is correlated with premature mortality and avoidable hospitalizations. Our findings point to the urgency of taking health inequalities into account in designing and implementing healthcare strategies, programs, and policies.
Impact of smoking on cost‐effectiveness of 10–48 years of periodontal care
Authors: Ravidà Andrea , Saleh Muhammad H. A. , Ghassib Iya H. , Qazi Musa , Kumar Purnima S. , Wang Hom‐Lay , Eke Paul I. , Borgnakke Wenche S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe study aims were (1) to explore whether “periodontal treatment” consisting of surgical therapy (flap, resective, or regenerative) or scaling and root planing treatment with long‐term periodontal maintenance treatment, is cost‐effective in terms of preventing periodontitis‐attributable tooth extraction and replacement by implant‐supported crowns (“extraction/replacement”); (2) to assess the effect of cigarette smoking on this cost‐effectiveness. Data for this observational retrospective study were collected from dental charts of patients who had received periodontal therapy and at least annual follow‐up visits for >10 years were analyzed by linear regression generalized estimating equations and generalized linear models. Among 399 adults (199 males, 200 females), those with the least mean annual treatment cost experienced the greatest mean annual costs for extraction/replacement, indicating general cost‐effectiveness. Cigarette smoking adversely impacted this cost‐effectiveness, with current heavy smokers experiencing no cost‐effectiveness. Former smokers with Grade C periodontitis benefitted most, whereas smoking did not influence cost‐effectiveness for Grade B periodontitis. Assessed by mean annual costs of “extraction/replacement,” periodontal treatment was cost‐effective, which decreased in a dose–response manner by former and current smoking intensity. Cigarette smoking should be factored into treatment planning and cost‐effective analyses of periodontal treatment. Smoking cessation should be encouraged.