bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPING A TEACHING OUTLINE: AN 11+ IMPLEMENTATION STUDY IN NIGERIA
Authors: Bakare U , Ogunkunle E 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveTo provide information from practice based evidence on the structure of teaching the protocol of “11+” to potential instructors for coaches/handlers of teams as part of an on-goin implementation study.MethodsPrequel to an implementation study of the "11+" included sytematic recruitment of interested persons, taking them through a course of training in the Protocol using a self-developed syllabus for two-hours per session over a course of 16 sessions. The individuals recruited were in 2011 and 2012 designated as group A and B respectively. Considerations: 1) The majority of the group of interested people trained can be classified as relatively active but not athletic, 2) Applying principles of exercise training which should be carried out progressively from low intensity to transition accordingly, 3) Time frame allocated at the training venue THE GRANGE SCHOOL IKEJA, LAGOS where the team had access pitch/classroom for a period of two hours for free on Saturdays.ResultsGroup A completed thier training over a course of 16 weeks which helped in developing a teaching syllabus in 2012. The specified number of sessions was adequate to transfer knowledge effectively from Group A to Group B and equip participants effectively to prepare to teach potential target audience without being lost in translation. It created an opportunity for GROUP A to develop their teaching, technical ability and time management over the course of the sessions. It also created a template adoptable for implementation structure when training coaches/handlers/teams.ConclusionIt is pertinent to have implementation strategies clearly outlined and structured to facilitate better outcomes of learning which may differ from place to place considering a host of factors contributing to affecting the implementation plan. The 16 sessions proposed is deemed adequate but can be completed in a shorter timeline if there is access to facilities for training and funding to facilitate program. The need for research outcome implemetation to target population.
JUMP HEIGHT IS THE CRITICAL FACTOR AFFECTING BETWEEN-SEX DIFFERENCES IN PATELLAR TENDON LOADING DURING LANDING IN VOLLEYBALL
Authors: Janssen I , Steele J , Munro B , Brown N 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundPatellar tendinopathy is the most common overuse knee injury in volleyball, with men reporting more than twice the injury prevalence than women. However, whether between-sex variations in landing technique account for differences in patellar tendon loading is unknown.ObjectiveOur objective was to compare the landing technique and patellar tendon loading in male and female volleyball players. We hypothesised that males would display differences in landing technique and generate higher patellar tendon loading due to having a higher jump height than the females.DesignControlled laboratory study.SettingA regulation height volleyball net and mounted volleyball were used to simulate volleyball court conditions.ParticipantsForty male and female volleyball players volunteered for this study. Participants were excluded if they were injured at the time of testing, had a history of lower limb surgery, equilibrium disorders, or orthopaedic or neurologic conditions that could influence their landing biomechanics.Risk factor assessmentIndependentt-tests were used to identify whether there were any between-sex differences in all 20 males and 20 females, or 13 males and 13 females matched for jump height.Main outcome measurementsThree-dimensional lower limb kinematics were calculated to characterise landing technique. Patellar tendon loading was characterised by peak patellar tendon force and patellar tendon force loading rate.ResultsMales landed from a higher height (P<.001), displayed differences in landing kinematics (P<.05), and experienced higher patellar tendon loading (P=.002), than female players. These differences, however, dissipated when the participants were matched for jump height.ConclusionsJump height is the critical factor affecting patellar tendon loading, whereby a higher jump height is associated with higher patellar tendon loading, irrespective of sex. The between-sex disparity in patellar tendinopathy may, therefore, be due to males landing from greater heights causing higher patellar tendon loading, rather than being sex-related differences in landing technique.
A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF PREVIOUS KNEE INJURY ON MEASURES OF BALANCE AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR SECONDARY PREVENTION
Authors: Baltich J , Whittaker J , Nigg B , Emery C 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundIndividuals with a history of previous injury have been shown to be at higher risk for re-injury. It is plausible that this is due to balance deficits which have been identified as injury risk factors in multiple sports.ObjectiveTo quantify the impact of previous knee joint injury on clinical and force plate measures of balance.DesignHistorical Cohort.SettingUniversity of Calgary Human Performance Laboratory.Participants25 young adults with a 3–10 year history of intra-articular knee joint injury and 25 matched (age, sex and sport) uninjured controls (34 males: 17-26 yrs; 16 females: 14-26 yrs).Assessment of risk factorsIntra-articular knee injury was defined as a clinical diagnosis of bone, cartilage, ligament or meniscal injury that required medical consultation and disrupted sport participation.Main outcome measuresStar excursion balance test (SEBT), medio-lateral entropic half-life (EHL-ML), anterior-posterior entropic half-life (EHL-AP), and center of pressure 95% ellipse area (EA). Force plate measures were quantified during single leg quiet standing.ResultsInjured participants had longer EHL-ML compared to healthy controls [Injured: 103 ms (95% CI: 97–109), Uninjured 94 ms (95% CI: 88–100), (paired t=2.031, P=.048)]. No group differences were found for the remaining balance measure [SEBT: Injured 76% (95% CI: 74–79), Uninjured 79% (95% CI: 77,80), (paired t=1.413, P=.164); EHL-AP: Injured 169 ms (95% CI: 148–190), Uninjured 152 ms (95% CI: 138–167), (paired t=1.289, P=.204); EA: Injured 694 mm2(95% CI: 585–802), Uninjured 597 mm2(95% CI: 505–688), (paired t=1.340, P=.187)].ConclusionsParticipants with previous knee injury (3–10 years) were unable to adjust their position as quickly and frequently as healthy controls as indicated by longer EHL-ML. This result suggests that previous injury has an impact on balance ability. These findings support the evaluation of balance to inform the development of interventions to prevent re-injury.
HYDRATION STATUS IN SWISS ELITE MALE JUDOKAS
Authors: Jung M , Malliaropoulos N 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundJudo competitions are divided into weight classes. Some athletes reduce their body weight in short time in order to obtain a competitive advantage over lighter opponents. Fast weight loss comprises dehydration strategies that could place the athletes at health risk. Since nutrition is often the missing piece in the athlete's knowledge, the judoka is not aware of the risk taken. Hypohydration leads to a diminution of function and so has many negative effects on health (musculoskeletal and neurological).ObjectiveTo assess the feasibility of a Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) based hydration status monitoring system before the competition and to compare it with a urine color chart scaling system.DesignObservational descriptive study with anonymous data collection after informed consent during the Team Championship finals of the Swiss Judo Federation (SJV).SettingField measurements on the competition day just after the official selection weight-in through BIA octopolar fluid balance electrical measurement, questionnaire data.ParticipantsAll accepting male athletes of the elite national Swiss teams.Risk factor assessmentBody weight, hydration habitus and status.Main outcome measurementsExtracellular/Intracellular and Total body water content status before entering the fighting mat (precompetitive hydration status).Results35 out of 48 athletes accepted to participate. 54% were under the current accepted euhydration status, but only 14% were in the non optimal urine color group. 70% had inappropriate drinking habits.ConclusionsBioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) is a quick way to determine the total water content of competitive judokas on the field without being invasive and seems to be more precise than a color chart evaluation. Clinical application: it can help the Judo community to gather better knowledge on hydration problems. We expect this system to be part of a national and an international strategy of tracking hydration questions.
ECCENTRIC TRAINING IMPROVES TENDON BIOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES: A RAT MODEL
Authors: Kaux JF , Drion P , Libertiaux V , Colige A , Hoffmann A , Nusgens B , Forthomme B , Le Goff C , Franzen R , Rickert M , Crielaard JM , Croisier JL 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundEven if eccentric exercises appear favourable in primary prevention of tendons lesions and, especially, in secondary prevention after tendinopathy, the biomechanical changes to the tissue are not yet clear.ObjectiveWe aimed to better define the biomechanical changes that affect healthy tendon after eccentric and concentric training.DesignRandomised controlled trial.SettingAnimal study.Participants18 Sprague-Dawley rats of 2 months.InterventionsThe 6 rats in the control group (U) were not subjected to physical exercise. The 12 remaining rats (6 in each group) ran on a treadmill set at a +15° incline for concentric training (C) or a −15° incline for eccentric training (E), at a speed of 17 m/min for 1 h, three times per week for 5 weeks.Main outcome measurementsThe tricipital, patellar and Achilles tendons were subsequently removed to perform a traction test until rupture, and a histological analysis was performed.ResultsThere was a significant improvement in the rupture force of the patellar and tricipital tendons between the U and E groups. The tricipital tendons in the control group presented a significantly smaller cross-section than the E- and C-trained groups, but none between E and C groups. No significant difference was observed for the mechanical stress at rupture per surface unit between the three groups for all three tendons. However, a tendency towards improvement these values was observed between the trained and the U groups for the patellar tendon. Histological studies demonstrated the tendency of the development of a greater number of blood vessels and a larger quantity of collagen in the eccentric group.ConclusionsThe mechanical properties of tendons in rats improve after specific training, especially following eccentric training. Our results partly explained how mechanical loading, especially in eccentric mode, could improve the tendon structure and perhaps prevent to tendon pathologies.
SPORT CONCUSSION KNOWLEDGE BASE AND CURRENT PRACTICE– A SURVEY OF PHYSICIAN SECTIONS FROM THE ONTARIO MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
Authors: Lebrun C , Mrazik M , Prasad A , Taylor T , Jevremovic T 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundIt is critical that physicians understand concussion management.ObjectiveIdentify practice patterns/knowledge base in two physician populations.DesignOn-line survey.SettingOntario, Canada.ParticipantsPhysicians from Sections: Sport and Exercise Medicine (SEM), General and Family Practice (SGFP).InterventionsEmailed survey, 2 reminders.Main utcome measurements:Practice patterns/knowledge base, learning methods: current/preferred.ResultsParticipants:SEM 92/594 (15.5%), SGFP 270/12,168 (2.2%); urban practice (90.2% SEM, 71.5% SFGP; P<.001). In preceding 3 months, 84.8% of SEM and 65.6% of SFGP had managed patients with concussion. More SEM than SGFP physicians saw >5 children under 18 with concussions per month (40.2% SEM, 9.5% SGFP; P<001).Tools:Clinical examination (92.4% SEM, 93.7% SFGP); Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT/SCAT2) (68.4% SEM, 34.1% SFGP; P<.001); balance testing (56.5% SEM, 37.4% SFGP; P=.001); computerized neurocognitive testing (23.9% SEM, 1.9% SFGP; P<.001); concussion grading scales (9.8% SEM, 14.1% SFGP; P<.001).Management:Complete physical rest (65.2% SEM, 68.5% SFGP); absolute cognitive rest (46.7% SEM, 51.9% SFGP); modified school/work until symptom resolution (50.0% SEM, 38.5% SFGP; P=.026); no cognitive rest (3.2% SEM, 9.6% SGFP; P=.026).Return-to-play:Clinical examination (87.0% SEM, 82.6% SFGP); SCAT/SCAT2 (60.8% SEM, 29.6% SFGP; P<.001); balance testing (56.5% SEM, 37.4% SFGP; P<.001); computerized neurocognitive testing (35.9% SEM, 2.2% SFGP; P<.001); concussion grading scales (7.6% SEM, 9.6% SFGP).Current learning sources:colleagues (55.4% SEM, 27.8% SFGP; P<.001); specialists (33.7% SEM, 23.7% SFGP; P=.030); continuing medical education (CME) courses/conferences (67.4% SEM, 54.7% SFGP; P=.017); journals/publications (48.9% SEM, 25.2% SFGP; P<.001); websites (35.8% SEM, 32.2% SFGP); medical school/residency training (19.6% SEM, 17.4% SFGP).Preferred learning sources:CME courses/conferences (85.9% SEM, 73.9% SFGP; P=.006); websites (35.9% SEM, 47.8%, SFGP; P=.024); medical school/residency training (37.0% SEM, 47.8% SFGP).ConclusionsGaps exist between consensus-based recommendations regarding concussions and current clinical practice patterns. Enhanced training in medical school/residency and additional CME initiatives are recommended.
COMPARISON OF FUNCTIONAL MOVEMENT SCREENING (FMS) SCORE IN FUTSAL PLAYERS
Authors: Mendes de Almeida Gomide Leite M , Bolling C , Reis D 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundThe FMS (Functional Movement Screening) is a functional assessment based on mobility and stability and mechanical factors which contributes to develop injury prevention programs.ObjectiveTo compare FMS score between different categories in futsal athletes.DesignThis is a cross sectional, retrospective study using FMS assessment method.SettingThis study was conducted with national level futsal players, during preseason in a Brazilian sports club.Participants37 male athletes were evaluated, 16 athletes from under 20 years category, with a mean age of 19.28 years (±1.34), mean weight of 71.52 kg (±6.70), average height of 181.61 cm (±9.82 ) and 21 athletes of professional category, with a mean age of 20.93 years (±4.44), mean weight of 77.35 kg (±11.61) and average height of 174.93 cm (±6.51).InterventionsAll the athletes were evaluated by a physiotherapist experienced in FMS method. Each test was performed once to record the score of the athlete.Main outcome measurements7 tests (deep squat, hurdle step,in-line lunge, shoulder mobility, active straight leg raise, trunk stability push up, rotational stability) were performed. The scores were compared by student's t-test, using SPSS software.ResultsThe mean score of under 20 category was 15 (±1.75) and 15.90 (±1.86) for professional. Comparative analysis between categories showed no significant difference (P<.05 ).ConclusionThe similarity in training and competition demands could explain the absence of difference in functional measurements between under 20 and professional athletes. Many under 20 players are part of professional team, so prevention strategies in under 20 need to prepare the youth athletes to professional carrer.
QUANTIFYING THE RISK OF ABNORMAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY AS A RESULT OF SUB-CONCUSSIVE BLOWS IN HIGH SCHOOL FOOTBALL ATHLETES
Authors: Leverenz L , Breedlove K , Breedlove E , Robinson M , Poole V , King JR , Rosenberger P , Rasmussen M , Talavage T , Nauman E 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundRecent work suggests that repetitive sub-concussive head impacts may contribute to long-term neurodegeneration; however, the risk thresholds for sub-concussive injury are unknown.ObjectiveTo evaluate the risk of developing abnormal neurophysiology due to repetitive impacts to the head. Hypothesis: the number of head impacts is predictive of neurological impairment.DesignImPACT, fMRI, and head impact telemetry (HIT) was employed in baseline tests, pre-season and in-season. The number and magnitude of head impacts were collected for practices and games.SettingAmerican high school football.Participants13 high school American football players age 14–18. Those diagnosed with a concussion were excluded.Risk factor assessmentThe number of head impacts during the season.Main outcome measurementsPre-season and in-season ImPACT, MRI, and fMRI.ResultsThe players experienced an average of 17.7 to 45.5 hits/week with a mean and standard deviation of 71.7±39.3. The corresponding cumulative number of hits for the season ranged from 86 to 1996 with a mean and standard deviation of 582.8±444.3. Twenty-two in-season ImPACT tests were administered during the season. Twelve (54.5%) showed a minimum of one composite score flagged, the fMRI analysis showed 16 (72.7%) in-season assessments flagged, and seven subjects were flagged by both the ImPACT and fMRI. Groups were divided based on number of head impacts; those above & below 500 cumulative hits/season and above and below 65 hits/week. Above 500 cumulative hits/season and 65 hits/week, all examinations were flagged.ConclusionsA number of asymptomatic athletes exhibited neurophysiological changes. The number of head impacts is a risk factor for the development of neurophysiological changes. The medical staff should monitor players who are taking large numbers of hits, consider using neurocognitive testing on an annual basis, and promote proper technique and skill development for the players.
IMPLEMENTATION OF A NEUROMUSCULAR TRAINING PROGRAMME IN FEMALE ADOLESCENT FOOTBALL: 3-YEAR FOLLOW-UP STUDY AFTER AN RCT
Authors: Lindblom H , Waldén M , Carlfjord S , Hägglund M 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundNeuromuscular training (NMT) has been shown to reduce injury rates in highly structured clinical trials. There is, however, a paucity of studies that evaluate implementation of NMT programmes in sports.ObjectiveTo evaluate the spread and implementation of a NMT programme in female adolescent football three years after a randomised controlled trial (RCT).DesignCross-sectional study using web-based questionnaires, based on the RE-AIM SSM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance Sports Setting Matrix) framework.SettingFemale adolescent football in Sweden.ParticipantsRepresentatives for the Swedish Football Association (FA) and eight district FAs that participated in an RCT in 2009, all coaches (n=303) who participated in the RCT and all currently (season 2012) active coaches for female adolescent teams (n=496) within the same districts were contacted. The response rates were 100% (Swedish and district FAs), 57% (RCT coaches, n=173) and 36% (current coaches, n=179), respectively.InterventionsNot applicable.Main outcome measurementsReach, perceived effectiveness, adoption, implementation and maintenance of the NMT programme.ResultsThe reach of the programme was high, 99% of RCT coaches (control group) and 91% of current coaches were familiar with it, and the programme was generally positively perceived. The adoption rate (usage) among current coaches was 74%. Regarding implementation, 75–77% of coaches reported programme modifications. Usage of the programme was fairly well maintained over time among RCT coaches. Formal or informal policies regarding the programme's implementation existed in the Swedish FA and in two district FAs. Among current coaches 87% reported no club routines for programme use.ConclusionsReach and adoption of the NMT programme was high among coaches. However, the follow-up also identified low programme fidelity and lack of formal policies for its implementation and use in clubs and district FAs.
“EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS IN ROLLER SPORTS (RS). FOUR YEARS OF STUDIES AND OBSERVATIONS ON ACCIDENTS OF ITALIAN FEDERATION (FIHP) SKATERS. PROBABLE CAUSES AND PREVENTION”
Authors: Lollobrigida M , Pulcini A , Padua E , Varisco M 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundRoller sports (RS) have continuous spreading, not only a recreational activity. There are different sports modalities, ruled by national/international organizations. We investigated at the FIHP, being the world leader for RS, about the circumstance of accidents.ObjectTo investigate if RS must be considered at risk for accidents or not.DesignRetrospective study through observations of accidents occurred in Italian FIHP during the 2009–2012 Olympic term.SettingCollecting data, statistical analysis of accidents. Analysis-goal and technical-scientific anamnesis to detect risk factors.Participants97 085 Italian skaters in 4 years, subdivided into modality, sex, time, affected part of body.Risk factor assessmentData comparison underlines high number of accidents when athlete is physically stressed. These seem to be connected with 1) effect of skate vibrations on Hoffmann reflex; 2) effect of eccentric contractions; 3) functional overload on lumbar muscles; 4) age, sex, modality, time.Main outcome measurementsWe suggest to increase: 1) recovering periods during in-skate and off-skate; 2) more specific physical training with special attention to core stability and proprioception; 3) better control of upper part of body.ResultsAccidents were overall 502, equaling to 0.52% of all analyzed member athletes. Accidents involved 305 women and 197 men. 75.3% of accidents happened in training and 24.7% in competition. Subdivided into modality, (number of accidents compared to the total number of members athletes FIHP) the accidental risk was 0.24 % for artistic athletes, 0.18 % for inline speed athletes, 0.04% for rink-hockey athletes, 0.05% for inline hockey athletes, 0.01% for freestyle athletes, and 0.001% for ski roll athletes. The proportion of involved body parts for accidents during training were: upper limbs 57.4%, lower limbs 22.5%, head 13.2%, shoulder 4.0%, other 2.4; during competition: upper limbs 44.3%, lower limbs 20.9%, head 20.1%, shoulder 13.7% other 1.0%.ConclusionsRS, if practiced in sports clubs, presented few accidents. The knowledge of the risk factors should allow us to optimize training strategies by preventing further risks. Other risk factors were detected, independent of speed, obstacles, hard surfaces, and behavior. We confirm that the use of protections is useful, especially for the beginners.
VISCOELASTIC RESPONSE OF THE ANKLE JOINT'S LATERAL SIDE TO CYCLIC INVERSION: A TIME COURSE ANALYSIS
Authors: Malmir K , Olyaie GR , Talebian S , Jamshidi AA 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundAlthough important, scarcely has been studied the viscoelastic behavior of ankle's lateral side.ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to assess the change in the viscoelastic behavior of this region during cyclic inversions.DesignA quazi-experimental, repeated measures design.SettingLaboratory research.Participants18 amateur healthy males.InterventionsThe participants underwent 40 cyclic inversions passively by Biodex dynamometer at 5os−1through 80% of the maximum inversion range of motion.Main outcome measurementsPassive work (area under passive torque-angle curve) and simultaneous electrical activity of proneus longus in consecutive repetitions were calculated. The average of five consecutive repetitions was allocated in one class. Two separate one-way analyses of variances with repeated measures and Bonferroni adjustments were conducted to compare the changes in the passive work as well as normalized electromyography from the first to the eighth class.ResultsThe means of the passive work for consecutive classes decreased significantly until the fifth class (P<.01), but there were no significant differences consecutively between the means of the fifth class forward (P>.05). The means of the normalized electromyography, although increased, didn't show any significant differences between consecutive repetitions (P>.05).ConclusionsPassive work showed decreasing trend due to probable thixotropy but stopped after about 395 seconds and leveled out.The decline of the viscoelastic response due to cyclic inversion, accompanying with low level activity of peroneus longus, may leave unprotected the tissues; expose them to injury in prolonged consecutive movements e.g. in prolonged sports competitions and exercises.