bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyperthermic perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass and postoperative temperature are independent predictors of acute kidney injury following cardiac surgery
Authors: Newland RF , Tully PJ , Baker RA 
Published: January 2013

Acute kidney injury (AKI) following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with increased mortality, requirement for dialysis, and longer intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital length of stay. Rewarming during CPB and poor oxygen delivery have been associated with AKI; however, the role of temperature management on AKI has not been clearly defined. This study aims to evaluate the role of hyperthermia during CPB and the temperature upon admission to the ICU on AKI following cardiac surgery, using the RIFLE (renal Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss of renal function and End-stage renal disease) criteria. To determine whether CPB hyperthermia (measured as the cumulative time the arterial outlet temperature >37°C) and ICU admission temperature were independent risk factors for AKI, data from 1393 consecutive adult patients undergoing isolated on-pump coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), valve repair and/or replacement and valve/CABG procedures was analysed using a logistic multivariate model. After testing for interaction, we incorporated covariates having a p-value <0.1. AKI was defined according to the RIFLE criteria as an increase in serum creatinine >50% from baseline to peak value postoperatively. Overall, 12.3% of patients developed AKI with a 4.5-fold increase in in-hospital mortality. Variables found to be independent predictors of AKI included CPB hyperthermia (Odds ratio [OR] 1.03 per minute increase [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.05]; p = 0.01), ICU admission temperature ([OR] 1.44 per degree increase [(CI) 1.13-1.85]; p<0.001), minimum CPB haemoglobin ([OR] 0.83 per g/dL increase [(CI) 0.71-0.97]; p = 0.02), use of intra-aortic balloon pump ([OR] 2.69 [(CI) 1.24-5.82]; p = 0.01) and ICU readmission ([OR] 3.13 [(CI) 1.73-5.64]; p<0.001). Avoiding arterial outlet hyperthermia may help decrease AKI following cardiac surgery using CPB. Both intraoperative and postoperative temperature management strategies should be the focus of future randomised studies to determine optimal interventions.
Fibronectin in the palatine tonsil as a susceptibility marker in Egyptian rheumatic families
Authors: Gazia Maha Abo , Tousson Ehab , El-Fatah Mokhtar Abd , Shoheib Ahmed S 
Published: January 2013

Rheumatic fever (RF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) are the multisystem autoimmune sequel of group A streptococci (GAS) infection of the upper respiratory passages, mainly tonsillopharyngitis. The major receptor on the surface of human palatine tonsil for GAS is fibronectin (FN; adhesin receptor). Early detection of RF susceptibility is considered as an important aim of this study. Therefore, the present study aimed to use FN immunoreactivity (FN-ir) as a marker for early detection of rheumatic susceptible children with palatine tonsil crypts surface epithelium. A total of 30 palatine tonsillar specimens were obtained from children aged from 3 to 15 years. Histological studies showed moderate vascular changes and more than four apparent epithelial disruptions in the crypt epithelium. FN-ir showed a significant increase in FN in the basal layers of surface epithelium, subepithelial connective tissue and interfollicular areas. Tonsils of children in rheumatic families showed significant increase in FN in subepithelial connective tissue areas with more than one apparent crypt epithelial disruption compared to normal children. We can conclude that FN plays a central role in the RF and differentially distributed in the functional compartments of the palatine tonsil in children with RHD, so FN-ir can be used as a marker for rheumatic susceptibility.
Occupational exposure to pentachlorophenol causing lymphoma and hematopoietic malignancy for two generations
Authors: Zheng Ruizhi , Zhang Qian , Zhang Qinghe , Yang Linsheng , Zhang Zhihua , Huang Fen 
Published: January 2013

Objective: Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is characterized as likely carcinogen of lymphoma and hematopoietic neoplasm. But the carcinogenicity to human was uncertain based on population studies. A systematic review was conducted to explore two kinds of associations, one was between the workers exposed to PCP with lymphoma and hematopoietic neoplasm, the other was between childhood lymphoma and leukemia with their parents exposed to PCP. Methods: Systematic search for epidemiologic studies was carried out and the data were collected from MEDLINE database and from the reference lists of relevant studies. Data were extracted from 20 included studies published between 1986 and 2012. Results: The meta-analysis suggested a significant association between lymphoma and workers’ occupational exposing to PCP, for the pooled odds ratio = 2.57 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.52–4.35). The subgroup analysis indicated significant association for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, but not for Hodgkin’s disease. The cohort studies also showed comparatively higher relative risk (RR) and standardized mortality ratio (SMR). Two of the cohort studies found increased RR as the cumulative exposure time added. Another cohort study discovered that the white males had significantly elevated non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma mortality (SMR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.15–3.17), and males of other races had increased leukemia mortality (SMR = 4.57, 95% CI = 1.25–11.7). For the relationship of childhood leukemia and parental exposure to PCP, three published studies suggested an increased risk of childhood leukemia because of their parental exposure to PCP at the preconception period. Conclusion: Our review provided the evidence that occupational exposure of workers to PCP might increase the risk of lymphoma and hematopoietic neoplasm in themselves and in their children.
A Community Service for High-Risk Mentally Disordered Sex Offenders
Authors: Craissati Jackie , Blundell Rachel 
Published: January 2013

There is sparse literature on mentally disordered sex offenders, and little is published on treatment participation and outcomes for this group. This article aims to describe the characteristics of a cohort of high-risk mentally disordered—largely personality disordered—sex offenders at risk in the community in southeast London. Drawing on various measures of personality dysfunction—including key developmental variables, a self-report personality disorder questionnaire Millon Clinical Multi-axial Inventory-III ( MCMI-III) and psychopathy as measured by the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL:SV)—the researchers describe the characteristics of a cohort of mentally disordered sex offenders referred to the Challenge project. Follow-up data for those placed in treatment are reported and include consideration of treatment completion and reconviction: the relationship between personality dysfunction and a dynamic measure of risk are also explored. Of the 137 participants, 53% were placed in the community treatment project. Seventy five percent completed treatment, and were followed up for an average of 40 months. Eleven percent were sexually reconvicted, 3% violently reconvicted. Community failure was best predicted by a combination of static risk and personality-related variables.
Intravascular Ultrasound-Guided Inferior Vena Cava Filter Placement Using a Single-Puncture Technique in 99 Patients
Authors: Gunn Andrew J. , Iqbal Shams I. , Kalva Sanjeeva P. , Walker T. Gregory , Ganguli Suvranu , Salazar Gloria M. , Oklu Rahmi , Wicky Stephan 
Published: January 2013

Purpose: To assess the feasibility and safety of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) to guide inferior vena cava (IVC) filter placement using a single venous puncture technique. Materials and Methods: Medical records of all patients who had IVC filters placed under IVUS guidance between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2011 were retrospectively reviewed for pertinent history, results, and complications. All filters were placed using a single venous puncture technique. Results: Filters were successfully placed within the IVC in 94% of the patients with 6 malpositioned filters (4 in the iliac veins and 2 in the suprarenal IVC). Complications included groin hematoma (4%), deep venous thrombosis at the site of vascular access (2%), and filter tilt >15° along the long axis of the IVC (2%). Conclusions: The IVUS-guided IVC filter placement using a single venous puncture technique is technically feasible and safe when compared to case series using a double venous puncture technique.
Early Outcomes of Darunavir- and/or Raltegravir-Based Antiretroviral Therapy in Children with Multidrug-Resistant HIV at a Pediatric Center in Botswana
Authors: Kirk Brianna L. , Gomila Andres , Matshaba Mogomotsi , Marape Marape , Joel Dipesalema R. , Anabwani Gabriel , Tolle Michael A. 
Published: January 2013

Background: Data on the use of ritonavir-boosted darunavir (DRV/r) and/or raltegravir (RAL) in resource-limited settings are rare and there is currently no published data regarding their use among African children. Botswana has recently made DRV/r and RAL available for patients failing second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods: Retrospective chart review of 4 multidrug-resistant pediatric patients on DRV/r- and/or RAL-based regimens. Viral load, CD4 count, adherence by pill count, and World Health Organization (WHO) clinical stage prior to and after switch to DRV/r- and/or RAL-based regimen were assessed. Antiretroviral therapy history, duration of virologic failure, and time to viral suppression were also noted. Genotypic resistance assays reviewed for mutations present prior to switch. Results: All patients achieved viral suppression, showed improved/stable CD4 counts, and obtained or maintained WHO clinical treatment stage I, even after long-standing virologic/immunologic failure. Conclusions: Well tolerated by and effective in our patients, DRV/r and RAL provide potentially lifesaving ART options for children and adolescents in resource-limited settings failing ART due to ritonavir-boosted lopinavir (LPV/r) resistance.
Clinical experience with fetal hemoglobin induction therapy in patients with β-thalassemia
Authors: Musallam Khaled M. , Taher Ali T. , Cappellini Maria Domenica , Sankaran Vijay G. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractRecent molecular studies of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) regulation have reinvigorated the field and shown promise for the development of clinical HbF inducers to be used in patients with β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease. However, while numerous promising inducers of HbF have been studied in the past in β-thalassemia patient populations, with limited success in some cases, no universally effective agents have been found. Here we examine the clinical studies of such inducers in an attempt to systematically review the field. We examine trials of agents, including 5-azacytidine, hydroxyurea, and short-chain fatty acids. This review highlights the heterogeneity of clinical studies done on these agents, including both the patient populations examined and the study end points. By examining the published studies of these agents, we hope to provide a resource that will be valuable for the design of future studies of HbF inducers in β-thalassemia patient populations.
Fine and coarse particulate air pollution in relation to respiratory health in Sweden
Authors: Willers Saskia M. , Eriksson Charlotta , Gidhagen Lars , Nilsson Mats E. , Pershagen Göran , Bellander Tom 
Published: January 2013

Health effects have repeatedly been associated with residential levels of air pollution. However, it is difficult to disentangle effects of long-term exposure to locally generated and long-range transported pollutants, as well as to exhaust emissions and wear particles from road traffic. We aimed to investigate effects of exposure to particulate matter fractions on respiratory health in the Swedish adult population, using an integrated assessment of sources at different geographical scales.The study was based on a nationwide environmental health survey performed in 2007, including 25 851 adults aged 18–80 years. Individual exposure to particulate matter at residential addresses was estimated by dispersion modelling of regional, urban and local sources. Associations between different size fractions or source categories and respiratory outcomes were analysed using multiple logistic regression, adjusting for individual and contextual confounding.Exposure to locally generated wear particles showed associations for blocked nose or hay fever, chest tightness or cough, and restricted activity days with odds ratios of 1.5–2 per 10-μg·m−3increase. Associations were also seen for locally generated combustion particles, which disappeared following adjustment for exposure to wear particles.In conclusion, our data indicate that long-term exposure to locally generated road wear particles increases the risk of respiratory symptoms in adults.
Thenar oxygen saturation during weaning from mechanical ventilation: an observational study
Authors: Gruartmoner Guillem , Mesquida Jaume , Masip Jordi , Martínez Maria L. , Villagra Ana , Baigorri Francisco , Pinsky Michael R. , Artigas Antonio 
Published: January 2013

Our aim was to determine whether thenar tissue oxygen saturation (StO2), measured by noninvasive near-infrared spectroscopy, and its changes derived from an ischaemic challenge are associated with weaning outcome.Our study comprised a prospective observational study in a 26-bed medical–surgical intensive care unit. Patients receiving mechanical ventilation for >48 h, and considered ready to wean by their physicians underwent a 30-min weaning trial.StO2was measured continuously on the thenar eminence. A transient vascular occlusion test was performed prior to and at the end of the 30-min weaning trial, in order to obtainStO2deoxygenation and reoxygenation rates, and estimated local oxygen consumption.37 patients were studied. Patients were classified as weaning success (n=24) or weaning failure (n=13). No significant demographic, respiratory or haemodynamic differences were observed between the groups at inclusion. Patients who failed the overall weaning process showed a significant increase in deoxygenation and in local oxygen consumption from baseline to 30 min of weaning trial, whereas no significant changes were observed in the weaning success group.Failure to wean from mechanical ventilation was associated with higher relative increases in deoxygenation after 30 min of spontaneous ventilation.
Impact of bronchiectasis and trapped air on quality of life and exacerbations in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Tepper Leonie A. , Utens Elisabeth M.W.J. , Caudri Daan , Bos Aukje C. , Gonzalez-Graniel Karla , Duivenvoorden Hugo J. , van der Wiel Els C.W. , Quittner Alexandra L. , Tiddens Harm A.W.M. 
Published: January 2013

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is primarily characterised by bronchiectasis and trapped air on chest computed tomography (CT). The revised Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire respiratory symptoms scale (CFQ-R RSS) measures health-related quality of life.To validate bronchiectasis, trapped air and CFQ-R RSS as outcome measures, we investigated correlations and predictive values for pulmonary exacerbations. CF patients (aged 6–20 years) underwent CT, CFQ-R RSS and 1-year follow-up. Bronchiectasis and trapped air were scored using the CF-CT scoring system. Correlation coefficients and backward multivariate modelling were used to identify predictors of pulmonary exacerbations.40 children and 32 adolescents were included. CF-CT bronchiectasis (r = -0.38, p<0.001) and CF-CT trapped air (r = -0.35, p = 0.003) correlated with CFQ-R RSS. Pulmonary exacerbations were associated with: bronchiectasis (rate ratio 1.10, 95% CI 1.02–1.19; p = 0.009), trapped air (rate ratio 1.02, 95% CI 1.00–1.05; p = 0.034) and CFQ-R RSS (rate ratio 0.95, 95% CI 0.91–0.98; p = 0.002). The CFQ-R RSS was an independent predictor of pulmonary exacerbations (rate ratio 0.96, 95% CI 0.94–0.97; p<0.001).Bronchiectasis, trapped air and CFQ-R RSS were associated with pulmonary exacerbations. The CFQ-R RSS was an independent predictor. This study further validated bronchiectasis, trapped air and CFQ-R RSS as outcome measures in CF.
Species richness, distribution and genetic diversity of Caenorhabditis nematodes in a remote tropical rainforest
Authors: Félix Marie-Anne , Jovelin Richard , Ferrari Céline , Han Shery , Cho Young Ran , Andersen Erik C , Cutter Asher D , Braendle Christian 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
In stark contrast to the wealth of detail about C. elegans developmental biology and molecular genetics, biologists lack basic data for understanding the abundance and distribution of Caenorhabditis species in natural areas that are unperturbed by human influence.

Methods
Here we report the analysis of dense sampling from a small, remote site in the Amazonian rain forest of the Nouragues Natural Reserve in French Guiana.

Results
Sampling of rotting fruits and flowers revealed proliferating populations of Caenorhabditis, with up to three different species co-occurring within a single substrate sample, indicating remarkable overlap of local microhabitats. We isolated six species, representing the highest local species richness for Caenorhabditis encountered to date, including both tropically cosmopolitan and geographically restricted species not previously isolated elsewhere. We also documented the structure of within-species molecular diversity at multiple spatial scales, focusing on 57 C. briggsae isolates from French Guiana. Two distinct genetic subgroups co-occur even within a single fruit. However, the structure of C. briggsae population genetic diversity in French Guiana does not result from strong local patterning but instead presents a microcosm of global patterns of differentiation. We further integrate our observations with new data from nearly 50 additional recently collected C. briggsae isolates from both tropical and temperate regions of the world to re-evaluate local and global patterns of intraspecific diversity, providing the most comprehensive analysis to date for C. briggsae population structure across multiple spatial scales.

Conclusions
The abundance and species richness of Caenorhabditis nematodes is high in a Neotropical rainforest habitat that is subject to minimal human interference. Microhabitat preferences overlap for different local species, although global distributions include both cosmopolitan and geographically restricted groups. Local samples for the cosmopolitan C. briggsae mirror its pan-tropical patterns of intraspecific polymorphism. It remains an important challenge to decipher what drives Caenorhabditis distributions and diversity within and between species.
Ammonia production by human faecal bacteria, and the enumeration, isolation and characterization of bacteria capable of growth on peptides and amino acids
Authors: Richardson Anthony J , McKain Nest , Wallace R John 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
The products of protein breakdown in the human colon are considered to be detrimental to gut health. Amino acid catabolism leads to the formation of sulfides, phenolic compounds and amines, which are inflammatory and/or precursors to the formation of carcinogens, including N-nitroso compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate the kinetics of protein breakdown and the bacterial species involved.

Results
Casein, pancreatic casein hydrolysate (mainly short-chain peptides) or amino acids were incubated in vitro with suspensions of faecal bacteria from 3 omnivorous and 3 vegetarian human donors. Results from the two donor groups were similar. Ammonia production was highest from peptides, followed by casein and amino acids, which were similar. The amino acids metabolized most extensively were Asp, Ser, Lys and Glu. Monensin inhibited the rate of ammonia production from amino acids by 60% (P = 0.001), indicating the involvement of Gram-positive bacteria. Enrichment cultures were carried out to investigate if, by analogy with the rumen, there was a significant population of asaccharolytic, obligately amino acid-fermenting bacteria (‘hyper-ammonia-producing’ bacteria; HAP) in the colon. Numbers of bacteria capable of growth on peptides or amino acids alone averaged 3.5% of the total viable count, somewhat higher than the rumen. None of these were HAP, however. The species enriched included Clostridium spp., one of which was C. perfringens, Enterococcus, Shigella and Escherichia coli.

Conclusions
Protein fermentation by human faecal bacteria in the absence of sugars not only leads to the formation of hazardous metabolic products, but also to the possible proliferation of harmful bacteria. The kinetics of protein metabolism were similar to the rumen, but HAP bacteria were not found.
Brain activity underlying auditory perceptual learning during short period training: simultaneous fMRI and EEG recording
Authors: de Souza Ana Cláudia Silva , Yehia Hani Camille , Sato Masa-aki , Callan Daniel 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundThere is an accumulating body of evidence indicating that neuronal functional specificity to basic sensory stimulation is mutable and subject to experience. Although fMRI experiments have investigated changes in brain activityafterrelative tobeforeperceptual learning, brain activityduringperceptual learning has not been explored. This work investigated brain activity related to auditory frequency discrimination learning using a variational Bayesian approach for source localization, during simultaneous EEG and fMRI recording. We investigated whether the practice effects are determined solely by activity in stimulus-driven mechanisms or whether high-level attentional mechanisms, which are linked to the perceptual task, control the learning process.ResultsThe results of fMRI analyses revealed significant attention and learning related activity in left and right superior temporal gyrus STG as well as the left inferior frontal gyrus IFG. Current source localization of simultaneously recorded EEG data was estimated using a variational Bayesian method. Analysis of current localized to the left inferior frontal gyrus and the right superior temporal gyrus revealed gamma band activity correlated with behavioral performance.ConclusionsRapid improvement in task performance is accompanied by plastic changes in the sensory cortex as well as superior areas gated by selective attention. Together the fMRI and EEG results suggest that gamma band activity in the right STG and left IFG plays an important role during perceptual learning.