bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of fatty acid composition of winter consumer and UHT milk samples in Slovenia
Authors: STIBILJ Vekoslava , KOMAN RAJŠP Mojca 
Published: July 2024

The aim of our work was to determine fatty acid composition of winter consumer - pasteurised and UHT - ultra high temperature heated milk samples from five different Slovene geographical regions (five different Slovene dairies). All milk samples (homogenised, pasteurised or sterilised, 3.2 % milk fat) were collected locally from February to March 1997. Lipid extraction preceeding fatty acid methyl esters (FAME-s) preparation for gas chromatography is time consuming and cumbersome. We omitted the lipid extraction and performed in situ transesterification (ISTE) by heating lipid - containing milk at 90o C for 10 min after adding 0.5 N NaOH in methanol for methanolysis and continued heating another 10 min for further methylation after adding 12 % BF3 in methanol. For milk, FAME-s prepared by ISTE showed fatty acid compositon virtually identical to FAME-s prepared after lipid extraction. Due to simplicity, speed and reduced organic solvent usage, we used ISTE method for determination milk fatty acid composition. To the best of our knowledge, we did not find any literature data about fatty acid composition of Slovene cow milk so we compared our results with literature data of milk fatty acid composition from other countries and found good accordance.
Glavne poti razkroja beljakovin v skeletnem mišičju
Authors: ČERVEK Matjaž , ATTAIX D. , STEKAR Jasna M.A. 
Published: July 2024

Skeletal muscle contains multiple proteolytic systems that are presumably responsible for the breakdown of specific proteins. Three major proteolitic pathways operate in skeletal muscle, although such a simple division is too simplified. The best known proteolytic system is the lysosomal pathway. Lysosomes are particularly abundant in liver, and they are not involved in the degradation of myofibrillar proteins. The Ca2+-dependent proteolytic process does not contribute significantly to overall proteolysis in muscles from control and catabolic animals. In fact, there is now growing evidence that calpains do not play a major role in general turnover of intracellular protein, but are involved in limited proteolysis of some specific target proteins. Fagan et al. (1987) demonstrated that skeletal muscle also contains a soluble ATP-ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic system.There is more and more evidence that ATP-ubiqutin-dependent proteolitic system has a key role in muscle protein breakdown.
Prediction of blossoming of apple tree (Malus domestica Borkh) BY phenological models
Authors: KAJFEŽ-BOGATAJ Lučka , BERGANT Klemen 
Published: July 2024

Paper discusses the possibilities for predicting date of blossom of apple tree (Malus domestica Borkh) cv. ‘Bobovec’ in Ljubljana.. The study was conducted at the University of Ljubljana, based on phenological observations made by Hydrometeorological institute of Slovenia during the period from 1967 to 1996. Four types of models are shown. Firstly, the model based on accumulated heat expressed in degree-days (DD) is presented. Secondly, models based on linear multiple regression methods (including input parameters (a) phenological data of autochtonous plants, (b) timing of earlier phenophases of the same fruit tree and (c) environmental parameters) are compared and discussed. The date of flowering is strongly correlated with the time of earlier phenophases of various species: first leaves unfolding and beginning of flowering. The time for first leaves unfolding of birch (Betula pendula Roth) and linden (Tilia platyphyllos Scop.) were important for flowering of apple, so were the mean March and April air temperatures. The analysis showed that a complex relationship exists between the timing of phenophase occurrence and environmental conditions.
Content and composition of pentose in buckwheat flour (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)
Authors: LUTHAR Zlata 
Published: July 2024

The total pentose quantity in buckwheat flour of cvs. Siva, Darja, Petra and Bednja 4n was determined using the volumetric bromide-bromate method. The Molisch test was used to determine the presence of carbohydrates in hydrolysates (72% H2SO4) and, in the same samples, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) - based on ion-exchange chromatography and after-column reaction derivation with copper 2,2’-bicinchoninate and detected by using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer - was used to determine monosaccharides glucose (hexose) and xylose (pentose). We established that the only pentose present in buckwheat flour is xylose, whose content in different analysed cultivars ranged from 5.44 to 6.51%.
Formation and study of collections of selected alternative crops
Authors: MICHALOVÁ Anna 
Published: July 2024

The restoration of smaller farms, are in the Czech Republic formative conditions for the increase of acreage of several field crops which were in past years replaced by crops more suitable for the large-scale crop production. The problems of genetic resources of alternative crops have been studied at the Institute of Crop Production in Prague - Ruzyni since 1993. Non-traditional cereals (hulled wheats - spelt wheat, einkorn wheat, emmer wheat; naked oat and barley, millet and the minor millets) and the "pseudocereals" (buckwheat, amaranth and quinoa) are collected and studied. Their high nutritional and dietetic values answer the requirements of the food industry and of the consumers.
Effects of seeding rate and time of cut on the yield and quality of sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf.)
Authors: KRAMBERGER Branko , GSELMAN Anastazija 
Published: July 2024

In the years 1996 and 1997 the effects of two seeding rates (25 and 55 kg ha-1) and stage of growth (harvest at stem elongation stage at the heights of 50 cm, 100 cm, 150 cm, and harvest at early heading) on the yield of sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf., cultivar Srem) were investigated in field experiment on brown soil near Maribor. The lowest annual dry matter (DM) yield, i. e. 3.31 t ha-1 was obtained in 1996 at seeding rate of 25 kg ha-1 and harvest of 50 cm high plants (3 cuts), whereas the highest DM yield, i. e.16.23 t ha-1 was achieved in 1997 at seeding rate of 55 kg ha-1 and harvest at early heading (2 cuts). The higher seeding rate and delayed harvest resulted in the decrease of the crude protein content in DM. 'In vitro' digestibility of organic matter was higher than 60% only at harvest of plants at 50 cm height.
Effect of air temperature, pH and nutrition on growth and sporulation of Ascochyta pisi
Authors: SUSURI R. L. , HAGEDORN D. J. , RAND R. E. 
Published: July 2024

Isolates of Ascochyta pisi from diseased pea (Pisum sativum) varied greatly in growth rate, sporulation, mycelial appearance, physiology and pathogenicity. Best sporulation of A. pisi occurred on V-8 juice at 24oC, whereas best mycelial growth was on Czapeck medium and corn cockle (Agrostemma githago) seed meal agar. In pure culture on PDA A. pisi grew between 16 and 28oC with optimum at 24oC. Both isolates (A and P) grew well on medium with pH 3.8 to 7.3. As carbon sources maltose, dextrin and cellobiose supported best growth of isolates. Peptone, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate and urea, as sources of nitrogen, promoted the best growth. The maximum vegetative growth is obtained with proline and casein hydroliysate for isolate A, whereas proline, aspartic acid and leucine as amino nitrogen sources for isolate P.
Some morphological characteristics of Phragmidium spp.
Authors: SUSURI Latif R. , DODA-GASHI Nysrete 
Published: July 2024

Fungi of Phragmidium spp. causes rust on wild and cultivated roses in climatic conditions of Kosova. The number of lesions on rose leaves is from 95.6 on surface up to 132.7 on lower surface, with diameter of 0.5 mm. The disease index on leaves is from 46-64% or in average 55.2%. The average size of urediniospores is 27.8 x 22.5 µm, whereas teliospores (1-8, mostly 5, 6 and 7 cells) have hyaline pedicels.
Effect of emergence depth on velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Med.) competition ability against maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: LEŠNIK Mario 
Published: July 2024

In four field trials arranged in a split-split plot design, the effect of emergence depth of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Med.) on competition ability against maize, its response to control with pendimethalin and bromoxynil-octanoat, and the impact on maize yield were investigated. In two experiments, the reduction in the aboveground fresh weight of velvetleaf plants (AFW, kg m-2) after herbicide application was significantly higher in the case of plants emerging from 1 cm depth than in the plants emerging from 6 cm depth. Velvetleaf competition against maize significantly affected the rate of AFW reduction due to herbicide activity, since the decrease in AFW in pure stands of velvetleaf in all experiments was, on average, lower by 30 % than in stands where velvetleaf competed against maize. Despite the fact that both herbicides were less efficient in plants emerging from greater depths, in neither of four experiments a statistically significant effect on the rate of maize yield losses was established.
The incidence of potato nematode, Globodera rostochiensis (Woll., 1923) Behrens, 1975, in Slovenia
Authors: UREK Gregor , LAPAJNE Simon 
Published: July 2024

In frame of annual sanitary field inspection and in accordance with the existing legal rules, soil samples were taken in 1999 and inspected for the presence of potato and other cyst forming nematodes. A total of 133 fields with the surface of 371 hectares were inspected. Cysts of yellow potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis (Woll., 1923) Behrens, 1975, were extracted from samples taken in 1.6 hectare field in the area of the village of Libeliče, the region of Koroška, near the Slovene-Austrian border. Based on this find, an additional, more accurate (net sampling) soil sampling was performed on 10 hectares of fields from which 206 soil samples were taken. Potato nematode cysts were discovered in 48 samples taken from 3 neighbouring fields. A total of 1449 cysts of potato nematode were extracted, 1309 in the first field, 139 in the second and one in the third.
An analysis on food consumption of households classified by income in rural China
Authors: MEI Linhai 
Published: July 2024

In the paper analyzes influences on food consumption by households classified by income in rural China. The income-food consumption relationships (Engel functions) are estimated and income (demand) elasticities for food consumption are analyzed. The results display that income elasticity for grain has been very different among various income groups; for the most prosperous group, grain goods has become into abnormal goods, but for other groups grain goods are all normal goods. Decline of income elasticities meat by year imply stable meat consumption so that meat has become necessaries. Income elasticities for luxury foods both by year and by across section has been very higher, and their very higher R2 values mean the change in consumption of luxury foods depends strongly on income change. That is, Chinese rural households will continue to expend expenditure share in luxury foods as income increases.
Transfer of uidA gene into tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) by Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Authors: ŠKOF Suzana , LUTHAR Zlata 
Published: July 2024

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of tobacco leaf disks with two Agrobacterium tumefaciens (A.t.) strains LBA4404 and EHA105 and four plasmids pCAMBIA1201, pCAMBIA1301, pCAMBIA2301 and pCAMBIA3201 was used for the introduction an uidA reporter gene and corresponding plant selection genes (hpt, npt or bar gene) into tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Havana 38). Our goal was to study the efficiency of transformation protocols with tobacco plant. The transformation efficiency of each combination of two Agrobacterium strains and four plasmids was evaluated by histochemical analysis of b -glucuronidase (GUS) activity in transformed tobacco plants. The highest rate (P ? 0.05) of GUS activity was observed with tobacco infected with A.t. strain LBA4404 carrying pCAMBIA1301 (33.2%) and pCAMBIA1201 (27.8%). When tobacco was infected with A.t. EHA105, there was no regeneration of transformed tobacco plants (except with pCAMBIA1301, 21.7%). The A.t. strain EHA105 was therefore observed to be less appropriate for transformation of tobacco leaf disks.
Competition for nutrients between phytopathogenic and antagonistic soil fungi
Authors: CELAR Franci , KAČ Milica 
Published: July 2024

Five phytopathogenic fungi were used in the experiments, three of the Fusarium genus (F. solani, F. sambucinum, F. moniliforme) together with Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Of five agonistic fungi tested, four belong to the Trichoderma genus (T. longibrachiatum, T. harzianum, T. viride, T. koningii ), additionally Gliocladium roseum was included in the study. The results of the experiments show that compared to the phytopahogenic fungi, in most cases the antagonistic fungi are capable of using the nitrogen as ammonium at statistically significant higher rates during the first six days of cultivation. Further on, it has been shown, that they begin by using the nitrogen as ammonium and switch to the nitrate form of nitrogen when the former is being nearly used up. As far the nitrogen in the nitrate form is considered, the situation is reversed: in most cases the phytopathogenic fungi of the Fusarium genus perform a statistically significant quicker use of the nitrogen in the form of nitrate compared to the antagonistic fungi. The fungi R. solani and S. sclerotiorum first use nitrogen in the form of ammonium and if this one is getting short, they switch to the nitrate form of nitrogen. The fungi from the Fusarium genus use the two sources of nitrogen simultaneously. Even at the beginning, when there is plenty of nitrogen in the ammonium form available they use the nitrite form of nitrogen at the same time. Owing to the rate of using glucose from the growth medium the phytopathogenic fungi can be divided into two groups compared to the antagonistic fungi. The fungi from the Fusarium genus use the glucose at much higher rates compared to the antagonistic fungi. Fungi S. sclerotiorum in R. solani behave differently since their rates of using the glucose from the growth medium are statistically significantly lower.
Chestnut propagation with leafy cuttings: preliminary results
Authors: OSTERC Gregor , SOLAR Anita , ŠTAMPAR Franci 
Published: July 2024

The possibility of the propagation of the two chestnut hybrids (Castanea crenata ´ Castanea sativa) Marsol and Maraval with leafy cuttings in the fog-system was studied. The shoots of five year-old in vitro propagated mother plants were used as a cutting source. The cuttings were cut in the middle of June 2000, and put into the peat/sand (3:1) mixture in the greenhouse with the fog-system. Before being put into the substrate the cuttings were treated with 0.5 % IBA and 10 % Euparen on talkum basis. The rooting process was observed during the propagation season. First roots were visible at both clones already after 3 weeks. The average rooting was between 15 % and 20 % for both clones, in some cases the rooting rate reached 50 % at Marsol after 6 weeks. The formation of callus was strong, especially for the clone Maraval.
Genotypic characteristics of Gluconacetobacter hansenii LMG 1582 suggest its reclassification to a new species
Authors: TRČEK Janja 
Published: July 2024

A strain of the acetic acid bacteria, purchased from the international culture collection as Gluconacetobacter (Ga.) hansenii LMG 1582, was studied in more detail using the molecular methods. The HaeIII- and HpaII-restriction profile of the PCR amplified 16S-23S rDNA spacer region were compared to the restrictions profiles of the reference strains of the acetic acid bacteria. The comparison has shown no similarity. The sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene exhibited 22 nucleotide differences between the strain Ga. LMG 1582 and Ga. hansenii type strain. The sequence showed the highest similarity (99.2 %) to Ga. europaeus, representing 9 nucleotide differences. The strain Ga. LMG 1582 is well separated from the other presently recognized species of the acetic acid bacteria also in the 16S rDNA based phylogenetic tree. All this suggests that the strain Ga. hansenii LMG 1582 might be reclassified into a new species.
The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover and predators on Catalpa bignonioides Walt.
Authors: MILEVOJ Lea 
Published: July 2024

In 1998–2001, the cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover, Homoptera, Aphididae) was found to complete its holocycle on Catalpa bignonioides Walt. in Ljubljana (Slovenia). The infested leaves showed curling. The aphid was very damaging by causing the flowers to abort. Many natural enemies (Adalia bipunctata, Chrysoperla carnea, Aphidoletes aphidimyza, Scymnus and Orius species) attack A. gossypii very succcesfully.
Literatura s področja jablanovega škrlupa: bibliometrična raziskava
Authors: STOPAR Karmen 
Published: July 2024

We evaluated apple scab-related publishing. 1441 different documents were obtained in the period 1986-1997 from three principal agricultural databases AGRICOLA, AGRIS in CAB. There exists some fluctuation between particular years, however, no significant yearly increase in the number of publications was noticed. To better asses the trends we classified the records with additional subject categories. We devised the following categories: Apple, Fungus, Chemical protection, Biological and other non-chemical protection methods and Integrated protection. All categories exibit a trend of growth, excepting the category of Chemical protection which shows decrease - an obvious trend towards environmental-friendly methods of crop protection. Furthermore, two main bibliometric laws were applied. With the use of Bradford's law as the primary indicator of the scatter of the scientific literature the core (nucleus) of the most important journals was defined. Among the 254 titles, there are 13 (5%) of the so called core journals which contain a third (359) of all relevant articles. Author productivity was assessed with the Lotka's law according to which a small number of very productive authors publish a large percentage of relevant articles within a certain field. In this analysis the most productive author published 37 articles, whereas there were as many as 772 authors who published only one article in the observed period.
A review of potential hazards of deliberately released Bt maize into the environment
Authors: ROZMAN Ludvik , GOMBOC Stanislav 
Published: July 2024

Some of the maize growers and the seed producers share great aspirations with respect to introducing transgenic maize into Slovenia. The general public opinion, however, is against it. This article was written on the initiative of the Ministry of the Environment that has tendered for a study about the effects of transgenic maize on the environment. It is based on a review of data from literature and international co-operation among the authors and research groups that run trials on transgenic plants. The Bt maize contains a modified gene from a soil born bacteria, Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, and is capable of synthesising proteins that are toxic to the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner) (ECB). The article reviews possible harmful effects of the Bt maize on the environment as well as its advantages. The Bt maize is a reliable way for protecting maize against the ECB. Different Bt events, however, differ in their efficiency. The effect of the event Bt 176, after flowering, is not so effective against the second generation ECB, whereas the events Bt 11 and MON 810 are effective throughout the growing season. Yields of the Bt hybrids are higher only after a strong attack of ECB, due to less stalk damage rather than increased yield. The Bt hybrids, like insecticides, are not equally effective against all pests. Due to the price of seed, it can be profitable only when there is a serious attack of the ECB. The Bt toxin can also affect non-targeted organisms. The risk of this is greater during the time when maize is flowering and producing pollen with high concentrations of Bt toxin. As the release of GMO into the environment can be an irreversible process, remediation may be difficult or impossible to carry out. We did not find any data about the persistence of Bt pollen toxicity in the soil or water systems.
Proučevanje odpornosti domačih populacij koruze (Zea mays L.) na koruzno progavost (Exserohilum turcicum / Pass. / K. J. Leonard et E. G. Suggs)
Authors: MODIC Tina , ROZMAN Ludvik 
Published: July 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic resistance against the northern corn leaf blight (Exserohilum turcicum / Pass. / K. J. Leonard et E. G. Suggs) (NCLB) of some local and introduced maize (Zea mays L.) populations. The investigation included 119 populations from the gene bank of the Department of Agronomy - Biotechnical Faculty of the University of Ljubljana. Populations originated from different climatic areas of Slovenia and some from abroad. The investigation took place in 1999 in Ljubljana and was based on replicated field trials. The source for spreading the NCLB disease was one highly sensitive and artificially inoculated hybrid. The analysis of the resistance was based on systematic visual assessments (two assessments in each population). The assessments were analysed by nonparametric statistical analysis which indicated that there were significant differences among studied populations. Twenty-five studied populations (mostly local populations) were recommended for further investigation of resistance against NCLB aiming at the determination of some highly resistant genotypes which would be used as the genetic source for further breeding to create resistant homozygous inbred lines and hybrids.
Fiziološke lastnosti glive Monilinia laxa f. sp. mali (Wormald et Harrison)
Authors: VUČAJNK Filip , CELAR Franci 
Published: July 2024

In laboratory experiments we have analysed the physiological properties of fungus Monilinia laxa f. sp. mali (Wormald et Harrison). Potato-dextrose, malt and Czapeck-Dox agars proved to have different effect on fungus growth. The potato-dextrose agar proved to be the most adequate for the cultivation of fungus. The most adequate temperature for its growth was 25 0C, and 93% relative air humidity. The minimum temperature for successful growth was 5 0C and maximum at 25 0C. The light slowed down the growth of fungus and did not induce sporulation. The fungus exploited some sources of both, carbon and nitrogen, although organic sources of nitrogen gave better results. In laboratory conditions sporulation was hindered. Acetone did not induce sporulation, it reduced growth to a great extent. Also the more acidified agar did not enable sporulation. The production of spores (conidia) appeared only on apple fruits which we inoculated with discs of mycelium. The conidia reached 15.4 m m in length and 10.6 m m in width. The average length of microconidia was 2.7 m m. In our experiment spores and mycelium caused infection of blossoms. The characteristic symptoms of the infection were the decay of blossoms, one year shoots and apple fruits, and cancer formations in wood.