bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ПІДГОТОВКА ЛІКАРІВ ЗА СПЕЦІАЛЬНІСТЮ “НЕОНАТОЛОГІЯ” ДЛЯ РОБОТИ В ПЕРИНАТАЛЬНИХ ЦЕНТРАХ
Authors: Сандуляк Т. В. , Сердцева О. А. , Клименко Т. М. , Закревський А. М. 
Published: June 2015

<p> Розглядаються необхідність та шляхи вдосконалення моделі “лікар-спеціаліст” з неонатології для перинатальних центрів. Поданий досвід роботи зі створення такої моделі в сучасних умовах реформування системи післядипломної освіти в Україні. Під час модернізації та удосконалення структури і змісту поняття “лікар-спеціаліст” для перинатальних центрів основну увагу приділено інноваційним інтерактивним технологіям навчання в реальних умовах та створенню навчальних ситуацій, впровадженню європейських норм та стандартів знань, вмінь та практичних навичок, інтеграції слухачів у світовий науковий простір.</p>
Обгрунтування значення методики ліній практичних навичок для теоретичної та практичної підготовки студентів-медиків
Authors: Стаханська О. О. 
Published: June 2015

<p>У роботі обґрунтовується ефективність використання методики ліній практичних навичок у теоретичній та практичній підготовці студентів-медиків. </p>
ЗВОРОТНИЙ ЗВ’ЯЗОК ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТ УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ЯКОСТІ ОСВІТИ ІНОЗЕМНИХ СТУДЕНТІВ У МЕДИЧНИХ ВИЩИХ НАВЧАЛЬНИХ ЗАКЛАДАХ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Шостакович-Корецька Л. Р. , Маврутенков В. В. , Чергінець А. В. , Будаєва І. В. , Якуніна О. М. , Чикаренко З. О. , Ніколайчук М. А. , Аль-Дірані(Ліван) Ахмад 
Published: June 2015

<p>Питання досконалості і якості медичної освіти іноземним студентам у медичних вищих навчальних закладах України потребують подальшого вивчення, і першим кроком у цьому напрямку може бути анкетування іноземних випускників. В роботі проведений аналіз результатів анкетування іноземних випускників, які отримали вищу освіту у ДЗ “Дніпропетровська медична академія МОЗ України” з метою пошуків заходів подальшого удосконалення системи управління навчально-методичного супроводу освітнього процесу і вдосконалення професійної компетентності викладачів. Результати роботи дозволили зробити такі висновки: застосування методу зворотного зв’язку може бути інструментом для удосконалення організації освітнього процесу; з метою прискорення нострифікації дипломів про вищу медичну освіту слід адаптувати систему ліцензійних іспитів в Україні для студентів з урахуванням країн походження; залучення випускників академії, що досягли певних успіхів у професійній діяльності, до інформаційних засобів може сприяти популяризації медичних вищих навчальних закладів в Україні.</p><p><strong> </strong></p>
Relief and Recurrence of Congestion During and After Hospitalization for Acute Heart Failure
Authors: Lala Anuradha , McNulty Steven E. , Mentz Robert J. , Dunlay Shannon M. , Vader Justin M. , AbouEzzeddine Omar F. , DeVore Adam D. , Khazanie Prateeti , Redfield Margaret M. , Goldsmith Steven R. , Bart Bradley A. , Anstrom Kevin J. , Felker G. Michael , Hernandez Adrian F. , Stevenson Lynne W. 
Published: June 2015

Background—
Congestion is the most frequent cause for hospitalization in acute decompensated heart failure. Although decongestion is a major goal of acute therapy, it is unclear how the clinical components of congestion (eg, peripheral edema, orthopnea) contribute to outcomes after discharge or how well decongestion is maintained.

Methods and Results—

A post hoc analysis was performed of 496 patients enrolled in the Diuretic Optimization Strategy Evaluation in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (DOSE-AHF) and Cardiorenal Rescue Study in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (CARRESS-HF) trials during hospitalization with acute decompensated heart failure and clinical congestion. A simple orthodema congestion score was generated based on symptoms of orthopnea (≥2 pillows=2 points, <2 pillows=0 points) and peripheral edema (trace=0 points, moderate=1 point, severe=2 points) at baseline, discharge, and 60-day follow-up. Orthodema scores were classified as absent (score of 0), low-grade (score of 1–2), and high-grade (score of 3–4), and the association with death, rehospitalization, or unscheduled medical visits through 60 days was assessed. At baseline, 65% of patients had high-grade orthodema and 35% had low-grade orthodema. At discharge, 52% patients were free from orthodema at discharge (score=0) and these patients had lower 60-day rates of death, rehospitalization, or unscheduled visits (50%) compared with those with low-grade or high-grade orthodema (52% and 68%, respectively;
P
=0.038). Of the patients without orthodema at discharge, 27% relapsed to low-grade orthodema and 38% to high-grade orthodema at 60-day follow-up.

Conclusions—
Increased severity of congestion by a simple orthodema assessment is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Despite intent to relieve congestion, current therapy often fails to relieve orthodema during hospitalization or to prevent recurrence after discharge.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifiers: NCT00608491, NCT00577135.
Transferability of Training Benefits Differs across Neural Events: Evidence from ERPs
Authors: Garner Kelly G. , Matthews Natasha , Remington Roger W. , Dux Paul E. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Humans can show striking capacity limitations in sensorimotor processing. Fortunately, these limitations can be attenuated with training. However, less fortunately, training benefits often remain limited to trained tasks. Recent behavioral observations suggest that the extent to which training transfers may depend on the specific stage of information processing that is being executed. Training benefits for a task that taps the consolidation of sensory information (sensory encoding) transfer to new stimulus–response mappings, whereas benefits for selecting an appropriate action (decision-making/response selection) remain specific to the trained mappings. Therefore, training may have dissociable influences on the neural events underlying subsequent sensorimotor processing stages. Here, we used EEG to investigate this possibility. In a pretraining baseline session, participants completed two four-alternative-choice response time tasks, presented both as a single task and as part of a dual task (with another task). The training group completed a further 3,000 training trials on one of the four-alternative-choice tasks. Hence, one task became trained, whereas the other remained untrained. At test, a negative-going component that is sensitive to sensory-encoding demands (N2) showed increased amplitudes and reduced latencies for trained and untrained mappings relative to a no-train control group. In contrast, the onset of the stimulus-locked lateralized readiness potential, a component that reflects the activation of motor plans, was reduced only for tasks that employed trained stimulus–response mappings, relative to untrained stimulus–response mappings and controls. Collectively, these results show that training benefits are dissociable for the brain events that reflect distinct sensorimotor processing stages.
A Model of Emergent Category-specific Activation in the Posterior Fusiform Gyrus of Sighted and Congenitally Blind Populations
Authors: Chen Lang , Rogers Timothy T. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Theories about the neural bases of semantic knowledge tend between two poles, one proposing that distinct brain regions are innately dedicated to different conceptual domains and the other suggesting that all concepts are encoded within a single network. Category-sensitive functional activations in the fusiform cortex of the congenitally blind have been taken to support the former view but also raise several puzzles. We use neural network models to assess a hypothesis that spans the two poles: The interesting functional activation patterns reflect the base connectivity of a domain-general semantic network. Both similarities and differences between sighted and congenitally blind groups can emerge through learning in a neural network, but only in architectures adopting real anatomical constraints. Surprisingly, the same constraints suggest a novel account of a quite different phenomenon: the dyspraxia observed in patients with semantic impairments from anterior temporal pathology. From this work, we suggest that the cortical semantic network is wired not to encode knowledge of distinct conceptual domains but to promote learning about both conceptual and affordance structure in the environment.
Medial Prefrontal Cortex: Adding Value to Imagined Scenarios
Authors: Lin Wen-Jing , Horner Aidan J. , Bisby James A. , Burgess Neil 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is consistently implicated in the network supporting autobiographical memory. Whereas more posterior regions in this network have been related to specific processes, such as the generation of visuospatial imagery or the association of items and contexts, the functional contribution of the mPFC remains unclear. However, the involvement of mPFC in estimation of value during decision-making suggests that it might play a similar role in memory. We investigated whether mPFC activity reflects the subjective value of elements in imagined scenarios. Participants in an MRI scanner imagined scenarios comprising a spatial context, a physiological state of need (e.g., thirst), and two items that could be congruent (e.g., drink) or incongruent (e.g., food) with the state of need. Memory for the scenarios was tested outside the scanner. Our manipulation of subjective value by imagined need was verified by increased subjective ratings of value for congruent items and improved subsequent memory for them. Consistent with our hypothesis, fMRI signal in mPFC reflected the modulation of an item's subjective value by the imagined physiological state, suggesting the mPFC selectively tracked subjective value within our imagination paradigm. Further analyses showed uncorrected effects in non-mPFC regions, including increased activity in the insula when imagining states of need, the caudate nucleus when imagining congruent items, and the anterior hippocampus/amygdala when imagining subsequently remembered items. We therefore provide evidence that the mPFC plays a role in constructing the subjective value of the components of imagined scenarios and thus potentially in reconstructing the value of components of autobiographical recollection.
Frontoparietal and Cingulo-opercular Networks Play Dissociable Roles in Control of Working Memory
Authors: Wallis George , Stokes Mark , Cousijn Helena , Woolrich Mark , Nobre Anna Christina 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
We used magnetoencephalography to characterize the spatiotemporal dynamics of cortical activity during top–down control of working memory (WM). fMRI studies have previously implicated both the frontoparietal and cingulo-opercular networks in control over WM, but their respective contributions are unclear. In our task, spatial cues indicating the relevant item in a WM array occurred either before the memory array or during the maintenance period, providing a direct comparison between prospective and retrospective control of WM. We found that in both cases a frontoparietal network activated following the cue, but following retrocues this activation was transient and was succeeded by a cingulo-opercular network activation. We also characterized the time course of top–down modulation of alpha activity in visual/parietal cortex. This modulation was transient following retrocues, occurring in parallel with the frontoparietal network activation. We suggest that the frontoparietal network is responsible for top–down modulation of activity in sensory cortex during both preparatory attention and orienting within memory. In contrast, the cingulo-opercular network plays a more downstream role in cognitive control, perhaps associated with output gating of memory.
Do We “See” the Same Thing? An Experimental Look into the Black Box of Disorder Perception
Authors: Yang Sue-Ming , Pao Chih-Chao 
Published: June 2015

Objectives: We examine the process of disorder perception to test whether different people perceive social and physical phenomenon the same way. Methods: We use laboratory experimental methods to collect information from 361 respondents (120 police officers and 241 students). One hundred photos with various social and physical attributes were shown during the experiment to test how they affect individuals’ judgments. Specifically, we test the effects of physical signs and social traits such as the race and dress styles of social actors on disorder perception. Results: The presence of physical disorder, such as trash and graffiti, increases respondents’ ratings of disorderliness. Moreover, race and dress style had significant impacts on how respondents perceived social and physical environments. Conclusions: We challenge the perception invariant assumption behind the broken windows thesis. When only physical disorder is present, the consistency of ratings is high. When both social and physical cues are present, agreement among respondents drops to about 50 percent. Moreover, places with lower-class foreign groups are more likely to be viewed as disorderly. Thus, we caution the validity of broken windows-based policies. Future research needs to replicate the research in a more diverse society to verify the generalizability of the findings.
Hybrid ECMO for a patient in respiratory failure developing cardiac insufficiency
Authors: Youdle Jemma , Penn Sarah , Maunz Olaf , Simon Andre 
Published: June 2015

A 45-year-old patient in lung failure treated with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) developed subsequent right heart failure and required cardiac support. We present a method of upgrading a VV ECMO to a hybrid system for simultaneous support for respiratory and cardiac failure.
Olanzapine and risperidone plasma concentration therapeutic drug monitoring: A feasibility study
Authors: Law Suzanne , Gudbrandsen Maria , Magill Nicholas , Sweetman Isabel , Rose Diana , Landau Sabine , Flanagan Robert J , David Anthony S , Patel Maxine X 
Published: June 2015

Background: This study aimed to develop a clinically acceptable method of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for olanzapine and risperidone and to evaluate the feasibility of its implementation. Method: A non-randomised study of inpatients from five Mental Health Trusts was conducted, with a clinical interview at the time of TDM and a subsequent 6-week follow-up review of clinical notes. The TDM intervention comprised: (a) a venous blood sample taken 12 hours post-dose, 7–10 days after drug initiation, and (b) rapid results feedback, with interpretation algorithm guidance. Results: Thirty-two participants provided samples (19 prescribed olanzapine, 13 risperidone). Twenty-six participants remained on the target drug at study end, with seven experiencing a dose change, for whom only four of the TDM results were confirmed as having been checked. Mean dose increased for olanzapine (0.9 mg/day, range 0–10) and decreased for risperidone (-0.3 mg/day, range -4–3). Conclusion: TDM can be implemented as part of routine clinical practice for both drugs. However, the lack of robust supporting evidence for or against antipsychotic TDM has probably led to a lack of enthusiasm for and interest in the results. Nevertheless, the advent of less invasive measures and the targeting of patients who might be more likely to benefit may facilitate uptake.
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation and cognition: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cooper Ruth E , Tye Charlotte , Kuntsi Jonna , Vassos Evangelos , Asherson Philip 
Published: June 2015

Background: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ( n-3 PUFAs) are promoted as cognitive enhancers with consumption recommended in the general population and those with neurocognitive deficits such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, evidence from randomised placebo-controlled trials is inconclusive. Aims: This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the effect of n-3 PUFA supplementation on cognition in healthy populations and those with ADHD and related disorders (RDs). Methods: Databases were searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in adults and school-aged children (who were healthy and typically developing (TD) or had ADHD or a related-neurodevelopmental disorder (ADHD+RD) which assessed the effects of n-3 PUFA on cognition. Results: In the 24 included studies n-3 PUFA supplementation, in the whole sample and the TD and ADHD+RD subgroup, did not show improvements in any of the cognitive performance measures. In those with low n-3 PUFA status, supplementation improved short-term memory. Conclusions: There is marginal evidence that n-3 PUFA supplementation effects cognition in those who are n-3 PUFA deficient. However, there is no evidence of an effect in the general population or those with neurodevelopmental disorders. This has important implications given the widespread advertisement and consumption of n-3 PUFA; claims of cognitive benefit should be narrowed.
Possible Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim-Induced Pancreatitis in a Complicated Adolescent Patient Posttraumatic Injury
Authors: Dickey Susan E. , Mabry William A. , Hamilton Leslie A. 
Published: June 2015

Introduction: Multiple medications have been associated with pancreatitis, however, data in the pediatric population are scarce secondary to the nonspecific presentation and infrequent diagnosis. The aim of this report is to characterize drug-induced pancreatitis in an adolescent patient. Case Presentation: A 16-year-old African-American female presented with a surgical site infection 8 weeks after a motor vehicle accident with multiple traumas. Two weeks prior to the admission, the patient was hospitalized for a urinary tract infection (UTI) and was initiated on sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (TMP/SMX) daily for UTI prophylaxis. On day 13, the patient was diagnosed with acute pancreatitis with an amylase level of 187 units/L (normal = 30-110) and a lipase level of 987 units/L (normal = 23-208). TMP/SMX was discontinued, and pancreatic enzyme levels decreased but did not reach normal. The patient was asymptomatic at discharge. Discussion: TMP/SMX was identified as the likely etiology of pancreatitis by the medical team. Evaluation with the Naranjo algorithm indicated a “possible” adverse drug reaction. Conclusion: Acute pancreatitis can have significant morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population but can go undiagnosed due to its lower incidence. Pediatric patients presenting with idiopathic abdominal pain should be evaluated for pancreatitis and drug therapy should be reviewed for potential causative agents.
In multiple sclerosis anxiety, not depression, is related to gender
Authors: Théaudin Marie , Romero Kristoffer , Feinstein Anthony 
Published: June 2015

Background: There is a high prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders in multiple sclerosis (MS), a disease 2.5 times more frequent in females. Contrary to the general population, in whom studies have demonstrated higher rates of depression and anxiety in females, little is known about the impact of gender on psychiatric sequelae in MS patients. Objectives: We conducted a retrospective study to try to clarify this uncertainty. Methods: Demographic, illness-related and behavioral variables were obtained from a neuropsychiatric database of 896 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of MS. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were obtained with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Gender comparisons were undertaken and predictors of depression and anxiety sought with a linear regression analysis. Results: HADS data were available for 711 of 896 (79.35%) patients. Notable gender differences included a higher frequency of primary progressive MS in males ( p = 0.002), higher HADS anxiety scores in females ( p < 0.001), but no differences in HADS depression scores. Conclusion: In MS, gender influences the frequency of anxiety only. This suggests that the etiological factors underpinning anxiety and depression in MS are not only different from one another, but also in the case of depression, different from those observed in general population samples.
Comparison of viewpoints of health care professionals with or without involvement with formal ethics processes on the role of ethics committees and hospitals in the resolution of clinical ethical dilemmas
Authors: Marcus Brian S , Carlson Jestin , Hegde Gajanan G , Shang Jennifer , Venkat Arvind 
Published: June 2015

Objective Our objective was to evaluate whether those individuals with previous involvement with formal clinical ethics processes differ in their attitudes towards the resolution of prototypical clinical ethics cases than general health care professionals. We hypothesized that those individuals with previous participation in ethics consultation would have significantly different attitudes on the appropriate role of ethics committees in the assessment and resolution of clinical ethical dilemmas than those who have not. Methods We conducted a case-based survey of health care professionals at six US hospitals. We administered the survey to health care professionals in a variety of clinical roles at each center and further sub-categorized these by respondents reporting or not reporting their membership on an ethics committee or participation as an ethics consultant/requestor of ethics consult services. Using the analysis of variance test, we present the variation in attitudes using a 5-point Likert scale with 95% confidence intervals and significance set at p ≤ 0.05. Results A total of 240 respondents completed the survey (response rate: 63.6%) from all six surveyed centers (128 respondents with involvement with ethics consultation, 112 respondents without). Health care professionals not previously involved with formal clinical ethics processes were less likely to view the ethics committee as having a role in resolving the presented clinical ethical dilemmas ( p = 0.01 for analysis of variance comparison). Conclusion In this multi-center survey study, health care providers without previous involvement with formal clinical ethics processes were less likely than those with previous involvement to support a role for ethics committees aiding in ethical case resolution.
Retinal pigment epithelial cell proliferation
Authors: Stern Jeffrey , Temple Sally 
Published: June 2015

The human retinal pigment epithelium forms early in development and subsequently remains dormant, undergoing minimal proliferation throughout normal life. Retinal pigment epithelium proliferation, however, can be activated in disease states or by removing retinal pigment epithelial cells into culture. We review the conditions that control retinal pigment epithelial proliferation in culture, in animal models and in human disease and interpret retinal pigment epithelium proliferation in context of the recently discovered retinal pigment epithelium stem cell that is responsible for most in vitro retinal pigment epithelial proliferation. Retinal pigment epithelial proliferation-mediated wound repair that occurs in selected macular diseases is contrasted with retinal pigment epithelial proliferation-mediated fibroblastic scar formation that underlies proliferative vitreoretinopathy. We discuss the role of retinal pigment epithelial proliferation in age-related macular degeneration which is reparative in some cases and destructive in others. Macular retinal pigment epithelium wound repair and regression of choroidal neovascularization are more pronounced in younger than older patients. We discuss the possibility that the limited retinal pigment epithelial proliferation and latent wound repair in older age-related macular degeneration patients can be stimulated to promote disease regression in age-related macular degeneration.