bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De Hemingway au chinois classique : le travail de la langue de l’écrivain taïwanais Wang Wen-hsing
Authors: Marchand Sandrine 
Published: September 2014

Dans les années 1970, l’« occidentalisation » de Wang Wen-hsing lui attire les foudres de la critique. On lui reproche, entre autres choses, de mal écrire, d’être incompréhensible et d’écrire dans une langue occidentalisée. Lui-même semble prendre pour modèle son professeur de français, dont le niveau de chinois classique était très élevé. Entre chinois classique, moderne, dialecte de sa région natale (très proche du dialecte de Taïwan), anglais, et français idéalisé, Wang Wen-hsing invente sa propre langue. Dans les manuscrits de son premier roman, il recourt au syllabaire que les enfants utilisent en cours d’apprentissage de la langue chinoise pour remplacer les caractères d’écriture, syllabaire qui disparaît ensuite à la publication. Que nous apprend l’utilisation de ce syllabaire sur le travail créatif de l’auteur ?Wang Wen-hsing est un auteur qui, entre extrême précision et violence, consacre sa vie et toute son énergie au travail de la langue. Quelle langue tente-t-il d’approcher : le chinois normatif des temps anciens, la langue américaine de Hemingway, ou un mélange des deux ?Multilingue à l’intérieur de la langue chinoise moderne, elle-même langue encore proche du chinois classique, abandonné seulement au début du xxe siècle, l’écriture romanesque de Wang Wen-hsing, qui a pour critère de valeur le « tong-shun » (clarté et aisance), est le fruit de l’oralité et d’une langue expérimentale. Ce rapport à la langue vient-il de sa situation d’émigration, de son isolement des milieux politiques et intellectuels, comme cela lui a été reproché lorsque justement on l’accusait d’écrire dans une langue incompréhensible pour le lecteur ? Pourquoi ces romans sont-ils jugés incompréhensibles ? En raison du niveau du lecteur moyen ? Pour des raisons géopolitiques, car il est un émigré en position dominante dans l’île ? Parce que la langue chinoise est dans une période de transition forte ? Toutes ces questions seront posées en référence aux critiques émises contre l’auteur, et dans l’étude de ses manuscrits, qui révèlent un processus particulier d’écriture où la langue chinoise oscille entre traits d’écriture et tentation de l’alphabet.
Norme unilingue/Norme multilingue : revisiter le bilinguisme littéraire de l’écrivain franco-ontarien Patrice Desbiens
Authors: Simard Mathieu 
Published: September 2014

Issue du modèle aristotélicien ou de l’idéologie romantique, la norme unilingue de la bonne écriture marque les critiques de Patrice Desbiens. Ces derniers voient les traces d’anglais qui parsèment les textes de l’écrivain comme des éléments exogènes intégrés dans une poésie de langue française. Nous proposons de faire contrepoids à cette thèse en nous appuyant sur les trois critères qui, dans la pensée de Mikhaïl Bakhtine, mettent en place une norme multilingue : la dépossession, la déhiérarchisation et la dialogisation des langues.
Du double à la figure - genèse d’un personnage christique chez Dambudzo Marechera
Authors: Leroux Pierre 
Published: September 2014

La publication en 1992 de The Black Insider inaugure une série de trois volumes consacrés aux œuvres posthumes de Dambudzo Marechera. Ce premier texte est en fait un avant-texte du roman Black Sunlight, publié en 1980. L’histoire éditoriale de ce dossier génétique, ainsi que l’analyse d’éléments encore inédits – dont une séquence poétique destinée à Black Sunlight – nous permet de faire évoluer notre vision de l’œuvre publiée et du processus créatif caractéristique de l’auteur zimbabwéen. Afin de mieux saisir ces enjeux, nous nous sommes concentrés sur l’évolution d’un personnage, Owen, qui change de nom et de statut pour devenir Nick dans Black Sunlight.
Use of a Nutrition Support Protocol to Increase Enteral Nutrition Delivery in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Compton Friederike , Bojarski Christian , Siegmund Britta , van der Giet Markus 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundEarly enteral nutrition is recommended for patients in intensive care units, but nutrition provision is often hindered by a variety of unit-specific problems.ObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of a nutrition support protocol on nutrition prescription and delivery in the intensive care unit.MethodsNutrition-related data from 73 patients receiving mechanical ventilation who were treated in an adult medical intensive care unit before introduction of an enteral nutrition support protocol were retrospectively compared with data for 87 patients admitted after implementation of the protocol.ResultsAfter implementation of the protocol, enteral nutrition was started significantly earlier (P = .007) and enteral feeding goals were reached significantly faster (6 vs 10 days, P &lt; .001) than before. Prescription of enteral nutrition on the first day of invasive mechanical ventilation increased from 38% before to 54% after (P = .03) implementation of the protocol. Prescribed and delivered nutrition doses on the first 2 days of mechanical ventilation also increased significantly (P &lt; .001) after the protocol was implemented. Nasojejunal feeding tubes were used in 52% of patients before and 56% of patients after protocol implementation P = .63). Jejunal tubes were placed earlier after the protocol was implemented than before (median 5 vs 6.5 days), and when a jejunal tube was in place, feeding goals were reached faster (median 2 vs 3 days, P = .002).ConclusionImplementing an enteral nutrition support protocol shortened the time to reach feeding goals. Jejunal feeding tubes were necessary in more than half of the patients, and with a jejunal feeding tube in place, feeding goals were reached rapidly.
The impact of the assimilation of Aquarius sea surface salinity data in the GEOS ocean data assimilation system
Authors: Vernieres G. , Kovach R. , Keppenne C. , Akella S. , Brucker L. , Dinnat E. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractOcean salinity and temperature differences drive thermohaline circulation. These properties also play a key role in the ocean‐atmosphere coupling. With the availability of L‐band space‐borne observations, it becomes possible to provide global scale sea surface salinity (SSS) distribution. This study analyzes globally the along‐track (Level 2) Aquarius SSS retrievals obtained using both passive and active L‐band observations. Aquarius along‐track retrieved SSS are assimilated into the ocean data assimilation component of Version 5 of the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS‐5) assimilation and forecast model. We present a methodology to correct the large biases and errors apparent in Version 2.0 of the Aquarius SSS retrieval algorithm and map the observed Aquarius SSS retrieval into the ocean model's bulk salinity in the topmost layer. The impact of the assimilation of the corrected SSS on the salinity analysis is evaluated by comparisons with in situ salinity measurements from Argo. The results show a significant reduction of the global biases and RMS of observations‐minus‐forecast differences at in situ locations. The most striking results are found in the tropics and southern latitudes. Our results highlight the complementary role and problems that arise during the assimilation of salinity information from in situ (Argo) and space‐borne SSS retrievals.
Interannual variability of wintertime temperature on the inner continental shelf of the Middle Atlantic Bight
Authors: Connolly Thomas P. , Lentz Steven J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe shallow depth of the inner continental shelf allows for rapid adjustment of the ocean to air‐sea exchange of heat and momentum compared with offshore locations. Observations during 2001–2013 are used to evaluate the contributions of air‐sea heat flux and oceanic advection to interannual variability of inner‐shelf temperature in the Middle Atlantic Bight. Wintertime processes are important for interpreting regional interannual variability at nearshore locations since winter anomalies account for 69–77% of the variance of the annual anomalies and are correlated over broad along‐shelf scales, from New England to North Carolina. At the Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory on the 12 m isobath, a heat budget is used to test the hypothesis that interannual differences in winter temperatures are due solely to air‐sea heat flux. Bimonthly averages of air‐sea heat flux are correlated with temporal changes in temperature, but overestimate the observed wintertime cooling. Velocity and satellite‐derived temperature data show that interannual variability in wintertime surface cooling is partially compensated for by alongshore advection of warmer water from the west at this particular location. It is also shown that surface heat flux is a strong function of air‐sea temperature difference. Because of this coupling between ocean and air temperatures in shallow water, along‐shelf advection can significantly modify the surface heat flux at seasonal and interannual time scales. While along‐shelf advection at relatively small (∼100 km) scales can be an important component of the heat budget over the inner shelf, interannual temperature variability is still largely determined by adjustment to large‐scale air‐temperature anomalies.
Assessment of the accuracy of (re)analyses in the equatorial lower stratosphere
Authors: Podglajen Aurélien , Hertzog Albert , Plougonven Riwal , Žagar Nedjeljka 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe accuracy of horizontal winds and temperature in the equatorial lower stratosphere is evaluated in different (re)analyses (European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) operational analysis, ERA Interim, and Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications) using an independent data set collected at low latitudes during long‐duration balloon flights in early 2010. The three analyzed wind products are found significantly less accurate than in the extratropics, with periods of disagreement with the observations lasting several days. To highlight the dynamical context in which the major disagreement events occur, case studies are carried out. The events are shown to be related to an improper representation of large‐scale equatorial Kelvin and Yanai wave packets with vertical wavelengths smaller than 5 km. Such events can induce large errors on trajectories computed with analyzed winds relatively to the actual (balloon) trajectory: 4000 km separation after 5 days of calculation. Reasons for analyses inaccuracy are discussed. The vertical resolution of the underlying model likely plays a role, but the main factor responsible for deficiencies appears to be the lack of wind observations. Indeed, errors in analyzed winds during the campaign have a strong longitudinal structure, with root‐mean‐square errors twice as large over the Indian Ocean and western Pacific, poorly covered by radiosounding stations, as over the Maritime Continent or South America. For the ECMWF analysis, this structure mirrors that of the analysis increments, which have largest amplitudes over observed regions. We argue that the reported events are more likely to happen during maximum shear phases of the quasi‐biennial oscillation.
Analytical solutions for stream‐aquifer flow exchange under varying head asymmetry and river penetration: Comparison to numerical solutions and use in regional groundwater models
Authors: Miracapillo Cinzia , Morel‐Seytoux Hubert J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAn analytical approach is presented to characterize the local flow exchange conductance and boundary condition between a stream and a hydraulically connected aquifer. Due to the curvilinear nature of the flow pattern in the vicinity of the stream, with numerical procedures, very fine grids would have to be used in order to secure accurate results. This is a waste of numerical efforts when the solution can be obtained analytically. Here, we show that the local analytical procedure for the determination of the stream‐aquifer flow exchange (SAFE) coefficient can be integrated within a regional numerical groundwater model through an original boundary condition. This is a very practical result. With this new approach, it is quite simple to calculate accurately the discharges on the two sides of the river when the heads are different. This is an important capability for example when wells are present near a river. The results show also that the extent of penetration of the stream is a factor in the estimation of the discharges. At the very least, the results can be used to choose a grid size that will yield correct estimates within an a priori selected acceptable level of accuracy.
Water‐saving impacts of Smart Meter technology: An empirical 5 year, whole‐of‐community study in Sydney, Australia
Authors: Davies Kirsten , Doolan Corinna , van den Honert Robin , Shi Rose 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn 2009–2010 Sydney Water, the primary water utility in Sydney, conducted a comprehensive Smart Metering trial in residential homes in the suburb of Westleigh, in Sydney's north. The trial involved 1923 participants residing in 630 households. A whole‐of‐community method of engagement was applied to capture the views of residents from 12 to 70+ years of age. The trial examined the effects of the technology on the water consumption of an intervention group compared with that of a matched control group. After removing properties that had been sold since the beginning of the trial, properties in the study group were matched with a control group property on the basis of the household size, property size and the presence (or otherwise) of a swimming pool. The effects of the technology on consumption were measured and analyzed for the period July 2009 to June 2010, coupled with qualitative information that was collected throughout the duration of the study. A key finding was that households with the in‐home display (IHD) installed, reduced their consumption by an average of over 6.8% over the study period when compared to the control group. Since completion of the study the community has not had any further interventions. The trial created an opportunity to examine the longer‐term effects of the technology (June 2008 to September 2013). Consumption data collected over the 3 year posttrial period revealed that the participant group consumed 6.4% per month less water when compared to the pretrial period, whilst the matched control group consumed 1.3% per month more water when compared to the pretrial period. The reduced consumption of the participant group was maintained over time, demonstrating the long‐term value of this technology.
Functional Anatomy of the Syrinx of the Chukar Partridge (Galliformes: Alectoris chukar) as a Model for Phonation Research
Authors: Erdoğan Serkan , Sağsöz Hakan , Paulsen Friedrich 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThe phonation process of vertebrates is influenced by the material characteristics of the participating structures, ranging from molecular to macroscopic dimensions. Good animal models for phonation research are still lacking. Due to easy availability and relatively simple structure, the syrinx of birds might serve as a good animal model for this purpose. Our aim was therefore to determine structural features of the syrinx and obtain insights into its mucus layer characteristics. Epithelium and glands were analyzed using histological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical methods and conclusions were drawn on the use of the syrinx as a model for phonation research by comparing the epithelium and its mucus characteristics to human laryngeal secretions. Ten adult partridges were analyzed. The tympanum of the syrinx developed from the last two tracheal cartilages, whereas the caudal part of the syrinx was formed from eight pieces of bronchial cartilages. The tracheal and bronchial epithelia and the pessulus of the syrinx were lined by pseudo‐stratified columnar epithelium in which goblet cells and intraepithelial glands were localized. Collagen fibers were distributed in the lamina propria of all parts of the syringeal mucosa. Elastic fibers in the membranes of the syrinx showed evident distribution. All glandular epithelial cells and goblet cells were positive for neutral, acidic and carboxylated mucins were dominant in particular. Epithelium and glands revealed positive reactivity with antibodies to the mucins MUC1, MUC2, and MUC5AC. Of these, MUC2 and MUC5AC were dominant. The syrinx of partridge can serve as a good ex vivo model for phonation research. Anat Rec, 298:602–617, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
2‐(Pro‐1‐ynyl)‐5‐(5,6‐dihydroxypenta‐1,3‐diynyl) Thiophene Induces Apoptosis Through Reactive Oxygen Species‐Mediated JNK Activation in Human Colon Cancer SW620 Cells
Authors: Xu Dao Gun , Lv Wang , Dai Chun Yan , Zhu Fan Fan , Xu Gua Hua , Ma Zhong Jun , Chen Zhe 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT2‐(Pro‐1‐ynyl)−5‐(5,6‐dihydroxypenta‐1,3‐diynyl) thiophene (PYDDT) is a naturally occurring thiophene isolated from the roots of Echinops grijsii, a Chinese herbal medicine used to treat colon cancer, breast cancer, and lung cancer. There are many reports on the clinical use of Echinops grijsii alone or in combination with other herbs to treat malignant tumors. We previously reported that the expression and activity of phase II enzymes including GSTs and NQO1 could be induced through the activation of Keap1‐Nrf2 pathway by the treatment of PYDDT. In this study, we reported the anticancer effect and mechanism of PYDDT against human colon cancer SW620 cells. Our results demonstrate that treatment of SW620 cells with PYDDT leads to induction of mitochondrial‐mediated apoptosis, which is characterized by the cleavage of PARP, activation of caspase 9 and caspase 3, release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, down‐regulation of Bcl‐2, and mitochondrial translocation of Bax. The PYDDT treatment caused the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the activation of JNK but not p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinases and ERK1/2. Specific JNK inhibitor SP600125 prevented the PYDDT‐induced down‐regulation of Bcl‐2, mitochondrial translocation of Bax, activation of caspase 3, and apoptosis of SW620 cells. Moreover, PYDDT‐induced apoptosis as well as activation of JNK was abrogated by the pretreatment with antioxidant N‐acetylcysteine. Taken together, these findings suggest that PYDDT induces apoptosis in SW620 cells through a ROS/JNK‐mediated mitochondrial pathway. Anat Rec, 298:376–385, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Output Feedback Adaptive Neural Control Without Seeking SPR Condition
Authors: Pan Yongping , Er Meng Joo , Chen Rongjun , Yu Haoyong 
Published: September 2014

AbstractFor output‐feedback adaptive control of affine nonlinear systems based on feedback linearization and function approximation, the observation error dynamics usually should be augmented by a low‐pass filter to satisfy a strictly positive real (SPR) condition so that output feedback can be realized. Yet, this manipulation results in filtering basis functions of approximators, which makes the order of the controller dynamics very large. This paper presents a novel output‐feedback adaptive neural control (ANC) scheme to avoid seeking the SPR condition. A saturated output‐feedback control law is introduced based on a state‐feedback indirect ANC structure. An adaptive neural network (NN) observer is applied to estimate immeasurable system state variables. The output estimation error rather than the basis functions is filtered and the filter output is employed to update NNs. Under given initial conditions and sufficient control parameter constraints, it is proved that the closed‐loop system is uniformly ultimately bounded stable in the sense that both the state estimation errors and the tracking errors converge to small neighborhoods of zero. An illustrative example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach.
Installation und Tragverhalten von Bucketgründungen für Offshorebauwerke
Authors: Achmus Martin , Schröder Christian 
Published: September 2014

AbstractEine Bucketgründung besteht aus einem oder bei aufgelösten Gründungsstrukturen aus mehreren oben geschlossenen Stahlzylindern, welche offshore mittels Abpumpen von Wasser und damit durch Realisierung eines Unterdrucks in den Baugrund bzw. Seeboden eingebracht werden. Diese Installationsmethode, derentwegen auch die Bezeichnung Suction Bucket für dieses Gründungselement verwendet wird, benötigt relativ wenig Aufwand und vermeidet Rammschallemissionen, weshalb die Bucketgründung eine interessante Alternative zu herkömmlichen Offshoregründungen mit Rammpfählen darstellt. Allerdings muss der Installationsvorgang genau berechnet und kontrolliert werden, um einen hydraulischen Grundbruch, Schalenbeulen oder unzulässige Schiefstellung zu vermeiden. Überdies bestehen hinsichtlich des Tragverhaltens von Bucketgründungen insbesondere unter transienten oder zyklischen Belastungen noch offene Fragen. In dem Aufsatz werden Methoden zur Prognose der Eindringwiderstände bei der Installation vorgestellt und beispielhaft für typische Baugrundverhältnisse in der deutschen Nordsee angewandt. Außerdem werden die spezifischen Anforderungen an das Tragverhalten von Bucketgründungen für Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen beschrieben und die diesbezüglichen Kenntnisse, aber auch die noch vorhandenen Kenntnislücken dargestellt. Abschließend werden die Grundzüge eines Dimensionierungskonzepts für Bucketgründungen von Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen vorgestellt und die diesbezüglich noch offenen Fragen diskutiert.Installation and bearing behaviour of bucket foundations for offshore structuresA bucket foundation consists of one or, in case of a jacket or tripod structure, of three or four steel cylinders with a steel lid on top, which is installed offshore by pumping water and thus inducing underpressure below the lid. This installation method, which is the reason for the often used term 'suction bucket', is rather simple and avoids driving noise emissions. This makes it an interesting alternative to usual offshore foundations with driven piles instead of buckets. However, the installation process must be accurately calculated and controlled to avoid hydraulic failure, buckling and inadmissible rotations. Moreover, open questions regarding the bearing behavior of bucket foundations particularly under transient or cyclic loads exist. The paper firstly presents methods for the prediction of penetration resistances during installation and applies them exemplarily for typical soil conditions of the German North Sea. Secondly, the specific requirements on the behavior of buckets for offshore wind energy converter foundations are described and the respective state of knowledge is outlined. Finally, the basics of a general design concept for buckets as foundation elements of offshore wind energy converters are presented and open questions are discussed.