bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti‐phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 antibody in patients with autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Kanno Yukiko , Watanabe Hiroshi , Takahashi Atsushi , Abe Kazumichi , Ohira Hiromasa 
Published: November 2013

AimTo identify a novel autoantibody specific to autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and to evaluate its clinical significance.MethodsNon‐nuclear component protein extracted from normal human liver cell CyrohNHpes cultures that reacted with sera from AIH patients on a western blot was identified as an antigenic protein and subjected to N‐terminal amino acid analysis to identify phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (PCK2). Enzyme‐linked immunoassay (ELISA) for anti‐PCK2 antibody was conducted on sera samples from patients with AIH (n = 42), primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC; n = 48), non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH, n = 41), chronic hepatitis C (CHC, n = 20), drug‐induced liver injury (DILI, n = 10), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, n = 16) and on sera samples from healthy volunteers (n = 30). Clinical findings were compared for AIH patients testing positive and negative for anti‐PCK2 antibody.ResultsELISA findings showed that mean anti‐PCK2 antibody titer in sera from AIH patients was significantly higher than in PBC, NASH, CHC, DILI and SLE patients, as well as in healthy volunteers. Anti‐PCK2 antibody was present in 50.0% (21/42) of AIH, 14.6% (7/48) of PBC, 4.9% (2/41) of NASH, and 10.0% (2/20) of CHC patients, 0% (0/10) of DILI, 12.5% (2/16) of SLE and in 3.3% (1/30) of healthy volunteers. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of using the detection of anti‐PCK2 antibody in diagnosing AIH were 50.0%, 91.5% and 83.1%, respectively. None of the AIH patients positive for anti‐PCK2 antibody showed characteristic clinical features.ConclusionAlthough further investigations into the clinical usefulness are necessary, anti‐PCK2 may have potential as a diagnostic marker for AIH.
Delivering good service: personal resources, job satisfaction and nurses’ ‘customer’ (patient) orientation
Authors: Gountas Sandra , Gountas John , Soutar Geoffrey , Mavondo Felix 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimsTo explore the complex relationships between nurses’ personal resources, job satisfaction and ‘customer’ (patient) orientation.BackgroundPrevious research has shown that nursing is highly intensive, emotionally charged work, which affects nurses’ job performance and their customer orientation as well as patient or ‘customer’ satisfaction. This study contributes to the literature by examining how nurses’ personal resources relate to their personal satisfaction and customer orientation and the relationships between them. Specifically, this study explores the effects of two facets of emotional labour (deep acting and surface acting), empathic concern, self‐efficacy and emotional exhaustion on personal job satisfaction and customer orientation. We also test the moderating effects of inauthenticity and emotional contagion.DesignA quantitative survey.MethodData were collected through a self‐completion questionnaire administered to a sample of 159 Australian nurses, in a public teaching hospital, in 2010. The data were analysed using Partial Least Square analysis.ResultsPartial Least Square analysis indicates that the final model is a good fit to the data (Goodness of Fit = 0·51). Deep acting and surface acting have different effects (positive and negative) on job satisfaction and ‘customer’ orientation, self‐efficacy has a positive effect on both and emotional exhaustion has a positive effect on customer orientation and a negative effect on job satisfaction. The moderating effects of emotional contagion and empathic concern, in the final model, are discussed.ConclusionsUnderstanding the complex interactions between personal resources, job satisfaction and customer orientation helps to increase service providers’ (nurses in this study) personal satisfaction and ‘customer’ orientation particularly in difficult contexts.
Heritabilities and genetic correlations between fetlock, hock and stifle osteochondrosis and fetlock osteochondral fragments inHanoverianWarmblood horses
Authors: Hilla D. , Distl O. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThe main objective of this study is to estimate genetic parameters for osteochondrosis (OC) and osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD) in fetlock, hock and stifle joints as well as for palmar or plantar osteochondral fragments (POFs) and dorsodistal osteochondral fragments (DOFs) in fetlock joints. For this purpose, the results of a standardized radiographic examination of 7396 Hanoverian Warmblood horses were used. Heritabilities and genetic correlations were estimated using residual maximum likelihood (REML) under a linear animal model. Heritability estimates forOCat the different joints were at 0.17–0.34, forOCDat 0.16–0.46, forPOFs at 0.19 and forDOFs at 0.22 after transformation onto the liability scale. For osteochondral fragments (OFs), lower heritabilities were estimated, especially in fetlock joints.POFs were genetically negatively correlated withOCin each joint. The size of the heritability estimates indicates that the prevalence of these radiographic findings can be reduced by breeding measures. However, differentiation among the different clinical entities is crucial to avoid underestimation of heritabilities. The analysis of genetic parameters performed in this study indicates thatOCandOCDin fetlock,OCandOCDin hock,OCandOCDin stifle joints,POFs of the hindlimbs andDOFs may be treated as different traits.
A systems biology view of blood vessel growth and remodelling
Authors: Logsdon Elizabeth A. , Finley Stacey D. , Popel Aleksander S. , Gabhann Feilim Mac 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBlood travels throughout the body in an extensive network of vessels – arteries, veins and capillaries. This vascular network is not static, but instead dynamically remodels in response to stimuli from cells in the nearby tissue. In particular, the smallest vessels – arterioles, venules and capillaries – can be extended, expanded or pruned, in response to exercise, ischaemic events, pharmacological interventions, or other physiological and pathophysiological events. In this review, we describe the multi‐step morphogenic process of angiogenesis – the sprouting of new blood vessels – and the stability of vascular networksin vivo. In particular, we review the known interactions between endothelial cells and the various blood cells and plasma components they convey. We describe progress that has been made in applying computational modelling, quantitative biology and high‐throughput experimentation to the angiogenesis process.
Cervical cancer screening: a prospective cohort study of the effects of historical patient compliance and a population‐based informatics prompted reminder on screening rates
Authors: MacLaughlin Kathy L. , Swanson Kristi M. , Naessens James M. , Angstman Kurt B. , Chaudhry Rajeev 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAims and objectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the impact of historical screening compliance with the effectiveness of patient reminder letters on cervical cancer screening rates.MethodUsing population‐based informatics systems, women with no cervical cancer screening in the prior 3 years were identified in two primary care clinics, Mayo Family Clinic Northeast (NE; n = 1613) and Northwest (NW; n = 1088). Patients were divided into two compliance groups: overdue/unknown screening status at study start or previously compliant. The NE Clinic sent reminder letters over a 6 months window to patients eligible for screening at the study start or during the study that were also identified as employees/dependents (E/D). There were 795 intervention (NE Clinic E/D patients) and 1906 control subjects. Using an intent‐to‐treat analysis, differences in screening rates were assessed.ResultsA higher unadjusted screening rate was observed for the E/D group than the non‐E/D group at both sites (32.7 versus 18.2% at NW, P < 0.001; 39.0 versus 14.7% at NE, P < 0.001). For the historically compliant group, unadjusted screening rates were higher for those who received letters (E/D subjects at NE) versus those who did not (E/D subjects at NW; 56.1 versus 44.5%, P = 0.01). No difference was observed between E/D subjects at NE (received letters) and NW (no letters) for the overdue/unknown group (27.4 versus 25.9%, P = 0.62). There was no difference in screening rates for non‐E/D subjects at NE versus at NW (none of whom received letters) for both the compliant (24.2 versus 30.6%, P = 0.18) and the overdue/unknown groups (11.9 versus 13.0%, P = 0.59). Multivariate logistic regression models showed a significant overall effect of E/D status (P = 0.006), compliance group (P < 0.001), and the interaction between clinic site and E/D status (P = 0.04).ConclusionAmong insured women, reminder letters appear to improve cervical cancer screening rates for those with a history of screening compliance. Reminder letters appear insufficient to motivate women if screening is overdue. Further investigation of the cohort of women overdue for screening is needed to develop interventions to successfully target this group.
Securitization and Capital Structure in Nonfinancial Firms: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: LEMMON MICHAEL , LIU LAURA XIAOLEI , MAO MIKE QINGHAO , NINI GREG 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTContrary to recent accounts of off‐balance‐sheet securitization by financial firms, we show that asset securitization by nonfinancial firms provides a valuable form of financing for shareholders without harming debtholders. Using data from firms’ SEC filings, we find that securitization is attractive to firms in the middle of the credit quality distribution, which are the firms with the most to gain. Upon initiation, firms experience positive abnormal stock returns and zero abnormal bond returns, and largely use the securitization proceeds to repay existing debt. Securitization minimizes financing costs by reducing expected bankruptcy costs and providing access to segmented credit markets.
Habitat use patterns of the invasive red lionfish Pterois volitans: a comparison between mangrove and reef systems in San Salvador, Bahamas
Authors: Pimiento Catalina , Nifong James C. , Hunter Margaret E. , Monaco Eric , Silliman Brian R. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe Indo‐Pacific red lionfish Pterois volitans is widespread both in its native and its non‐native habitats. The rapid invasion of this top predator has had a marked negative effect on fish populations in the Western Atlantic and the Caribbean. It is now well documented that lionfish are invading many tropical and sub‐tropical habitats. However, there are fewer data available on the change in lionfish abundance over time and the variation of body size and diet across habitats. A recent study in San Salvador, Bahamas, found body size differences between individuals from mangrove and reef systems. That study further suggested that ontogenetic investigation of habitat use patterns could help clarify whether lionfish are using the mangrove areas of San Salvador as nurseries. The aim of the present study is to determine temporal trends in lionfish relative abundance in mangrove and reef systems in San Salvador, and to further assess whether there is evidence suggesting an ontogenetic shift from mangroves to reef areas. Accordingly, we collected lionfish from mangrove and reef habitats and calculated catch per unit effort (a proxy for relative abundance), compared body size distributions across these two systems, and employed a combination of stable isotope, stomach content, and genetic analyses of prey, to evaluate differences in lionfish trophic interactions and habitat use patterns. Our results show that populations may have increased in San Salvador during the last 4 years, and that there is a strong similarity in body size between habitats, stark differences in prey items, and no apparent overlap in the use of habitat and/or food resources. These results suggest that there is not evidence an for ontogenetic shift from mangroves to reefs, and support other studies that propose lionfish are opportunistic forages with little movement across habitats.
Biometry, keratometry, and calculation of intraocular lens power for the bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)
Authors: Kuhn Sonia E. , Hendrix Diane V. H. , Jones Michael P. , Ward Daniel A. , Baine Katherine H. , Franklin Stephen R. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo document intraocular measurements and predict intraocular lens (IOL) power specific to the bald eagle.Animals studiedEleven adult, captive bald eagles.ProceduresAxial globe length (AGL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), crystalline lens thickness (CLT), and the distance from the cornea to the posterior lens capsule (CPLC) were measured in eight adult bald eagles usingB‐mode with vectorA‐mode ultrasound. Keratometry was done on four eagles. Two estimates for postoperative anterior chamber depth (PACD) were obtained from four aphakic eyes from three eagles by measuring from the apex of the anterior cornea to the center of an imaginary line that would connect the remaining edges of the anterior lens capsule across the capsulorhexis (PACD1) and from the apex of the anterior cornea to halfway between the anterior and posterior lens capsule (PACD2).IOLstrength was predicted using theColenbrander,Binkhorst, andFyodorov theoretical formulas.ResultsMean ± SDbiometry for phakic eyes wasAGL = 26.57 ± 0.45 mm,ACD = 4.45 ± 0.18 mm,CLT = 5.49 ± 0.14 mm, andCPLC = 10.00 ± 0.33 mm. Mean predictedPACD1 was 6.1 ± 0.66 mm, andPACD2 was 6.4 ± 0.70 mm. Mean horizontal and vertical corneal refractive power was 39.91 ± 0.43 diopters (D) and 40.02 ± 0.08 D, respectively. CalculatedIOLpower ranged from +16.4 to 17.4 D.ConclusionsCalculations using ultrasonographic biometry, keratometry, and theoreticalIOLformulas suggest that the strength of anIOLnecessary to return an aphakic bald eagle to emmetropia is between +16.4 and +17.4 D.
Differences in ocular parameters between diurnal and nocturnal raptors
Authors: Beckwith‐Cohen Billie , Horowitz Igal , Bdolah‐Abram Tali , Lublin Avishai , Ofri Ron 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo establish and compare normal ocular parameters between and within diurnal and nocturnal raptor groups.Animals studiedEighty‐eight ophthalmically normal raptors of six nocturnal and 11 diurnal species were studied.ProcedureTear production was measured using Schirmer tear test (STT) and phenol red thread test (PRTT), and applanation tonometry was conducted. Ultrasonographic measurements of axial length (AL), mediolateral axis (ML), vitreous body (VB), and pecten length (PL) were recorded, and conjunctival cultures were obtained.ResultsA weak correlation (R = 0.312,P = 0.006) was found betweenPRTTandSTT. Tear production was significantly lower in nocturnal species (P < 0.001), but no difference was observed in intraocular pressure (IOP).VBandPLwere significantly longer in diurnals (P < 0.001 andP = 0.021, respectively), and no significant difference was observed inALandML. When comparing results within these groups, there was a significant difference between most species for all parameters exceptIOP. Fifty‐one percent of the examined raptors were positive for mycology or bacteriology, either on culture orPCR. The most common infectious agent isolated wasStaphylococcusspp.ConclusionsPhenol red thread test andSTTare both valid methods to measure tear production; however, a separate baseline must be determined for each species using these methods, as the results of one method cannot be extrapolated to the other. Due to significant differences observed within diurnal and nocturnal species, it appears that a more intricate division should be used when comparing these parameters for raptors, and the classification of diurnal or nocturnal holds little significance in the baseline of these data.
Lipoprotein(a) Concentrations, Rosuvastatin Therapy, and Residual Vascular Risk
Authors: Khera Amit V. , Everett Brendan M. , Caulfield Michael P. , Hantash Feras M. , Wohlgemuth Jay , Ridker Paul M , Mora Samia 
Published: November 2013

Background—
Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a low-density lipoprotein–like particle largely independent of known risk factors and predictive of cardiovascular disease. Statins may offset the risk associated with elevated Lp(a), but it is unknown whether Lp(a) is a determinant of residual risk in the setting of low low-density lipoprotein cholesterol after potent statin therapy.

Methods and Results—

Baseline and on-treatment Lp(a) concentrations were assessed in 9612 multiethnic participants in the JUPITER trial (Justification for the Use of Statins in Prevention: An Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin) before and after random allocation to rosuvastatin 20 mg/d or placebo, with outcomes reported for whites (n=7746). Lp(a) concentrations (median [25th–75th percentile], in nmol/L) were highest in blacks (60 [34–100]), then Asians (38 [18–60]), Hispanics (24 [11–46]), and whites (23 [10–50];
P
<0.001). Although the median change in Lp(a) with rosuvastatin and placebo was zero, rosuvastatin nonetheless resulted in a small but statistically significant positive shift in the overall Lp(a) distribution (
P
<0.0001). Baseline Lp(a) concentrations were associated with incident cardiovascular disease (adjusted hazard ratio per 1-SD increment in Ln[Lp(a)], 1.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.34;
P
=0.02). Similarly, on-statin Lp(a) concentrations were associated with residual risk of cardiovascular disease (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.59;
P
=0.04), which was independent of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and other factors. Rosuvastatin significantly reduced incident cardiovascular disease among participants with baseline Lp(a) greater than or equal to the median (hazard ratio, 0.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.43–0.90) and Lp(a) less than the median (hazard ratio, 0.46; 95% confidence interval, 0.30–0.72), with no evidence of interaction. Similar results were obtained when analyses included nonwhites.

Conclusion—
Among white JUPITER participants treated with potent statin therapy, Lp(a) was a significant determinant of residual risk. The magnitude of relative risk reduction with rosuvastatin was similar among participants with high or low Lp(a).

Clinical Trials Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00239681.
Representation, Control, or Reasoning? Distinct Functions for Theory of Mind within the Medial Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Hartwright Charlotte E. , Apperly Ian A. , Hansen Peter C. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The medial pFC (mPFC) is frequently reported to play a central role in Theory of Mind (ToM). However, the contribution of this large cortical region in ToM is not well understood. Combining a novel behavioral task with fMRI, we sought to demonstrate functional divisions between dorsal and rostral mPFC. All conditions of the task required the representation of mental states (beliefs and desires). The level of demands on cognitive control (high vs. low) and the nature of the demands on reasoning (deductive vs. abductive) were varied orthogonally between conditions. Activation in dorsal mPFC was modulated by the need for control, whereas rostral mPFC was modulated by reasoning demands. These findings fit with previously suggested domain-general functions for different parts of mPFC and suggest that these functions are recruited selectively in the service of ToM.
Medial Prefrontal Theta Oscillations Track the Time Course of Interference during Selective Memory Retrieval
Authors: Ferreira Catarina S. , Marful Alejandra , Staudigl Tobias , Bajo Teresa , Hanslmayr Simon 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Memory retrieval is often challenged by other irrelevant competing memories that cause interference. This phenomenon is typically studied with the retrieval practice paradigm in which a category cue (e.g., Fruits) is presented together with an item-specific cue (e.g., Or::). Presentation of the category cue usually induces interference by reactivating competing memories (e.g., Banana, Apple, etc.), which is thought to be solved by means of inhibition, leading to retrieval-induced forgetting of these competing memories. Previous studies associated interference with an increase in medial prefrontal theta band (4–8 Hz) oscillations, but these studies could not disentangle the interference from the inhibition processes. We here used a retrieval practice procedure in which the category cue was presented before the item-specific cue to disentangle the interference from the inhibition signal. Furthermore, a competitive retrieval condition was contrasted with a noncompetitive condition. At a behavioral level, retrieval-induced forgetting was found in the competitive but not in the noncompetitive condition. At a neural level, presentation of the category cue elicited higher levels of theta power in the competitive condition, when compared with the noncompetitive retrieval condition. Importantly, this difference was localized to the ACC, which has been associated with the detection and mediation of interference. Additionally, theta power decreased upon presentation of the item-specific cue, and this difference was related to later forgetting. Our results therefore disentangle, for the first time, interference and inhibition in episodic memory retrieval and suggest that theta oscillations track the fine-grained temporal dynamics of interference during competitive memory retrieval.
Magnetoencephalographic Activity Related to Conscious Perception Is Stable within Individuals across Years but Not between Individuals
Authors: Sandberg Kristian , Barnes Gareth Robert , Rees Geraint , Overgaard Morten 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Studies indicate that conscious perception is related to changes in neural activity within a time window that varies between 130 and 320 msec after stimulus presentation, yet it is not known whether such neural correlates of conscious perception are stable across time. Here, we examined the generalization across time within individuals and across different individuals. We trained classification algorithms to decode conscious perception from neural activity recorded during binocular rivalry using magnetoencephalography (MEG). The classifiers were then used to predict the perception of the same participants during different recording sessions either days or years later as well as between different participants. No drop in decoding accuracy was observed when decoding across years compared with days, whereas a large drop in decoding accuracy was found for between-participant decoding. Furthermore, underlying percept-specific MEG signals remained stable in terms of latency, amplitude, and sources within participants across years, whereas differences were found in all of these domains between individuals. Our findings demonstrate that the neural correlates of conscious perception are stable across years for adults, but differ across individuals. Moreover, the study validates decoding based on MEG data as a method for further studies of correlations between individual differences in perceptual contents and between-participant decoding accuracies.
A new name for the oviraptorid dinosaur “Ingenia” yanshini <br />(Barsbold, 1981; preoccupied by Gerlach, 1957)
Authors: EASTER JESSE 
Published: November 2013

The genus name of the small oviraptorid dinosaur Ingenia yanshini is preoccupied by the tripyloidid nematode Ingenia mirabilis, thus making the former a junior homonym of the latter. Although “Ingenia” yanshini is sympatric with Conchoraptor gracilis, it is distinguished from Conchoraptor by proportions of the manus. It also differs appreciably from the ingeniines Heyuannia huangi and Nemegtomaia barsboldi in manual and pelvic proportions. “Ingenia” yanshini is not referable to any other taxon, and is renamed Ajancingenia yanshini gen. nov. Several specimens originally referred to this species have subsequently been transferred to new genera, and the taxonomic assignment of material referred to Ajancingenia yanshini gen. nov. is reassessed.