bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency and Gaucher disease in adults: Similarities and differences in two macrophage storage disorders
Authors: Eskes Eline C. B. , van Dussen Laura , Aerts Johannes M. F. G. , van der Lienden Martijn J. C. , Maas Mario , Akkerman Erik M. , van Kuilenburg André B. P. , Sjouke Barbara , Hollak Carla E. M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe lysosomal storage diseases chronic visceral acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) and Gaucher disease type 1 (GD1) are both macrophage storage disorders with overlapping clinical manifestations. We compared cross‐sectional data on visceral, hematological, and biochemical manifestations of untreated adult patients with chronic visceral ASMD (n = 19) and GD1 (n = 85). Spleen volume, liver volume, and bone marrow fat fraction did not significantly differ between the two disease groups (p >0.05 for all). Chitotriosidase activity was higher in GD1 (GD1: median 30 940 nmol/(mL.h), range 513–201 352, ASMD: median 1693 nmol/(mL.h), range 326–6620, p <0.001), whereas platelet levels were lower (GD1: median 102 109/L, range 16–726, ASMD: median 154 109/L, range 86–484, p <0.010), as were hemoglobin levels (GD1: median 7.8 mmol/L, range 5.0–10.4, ASMD: median 9.0 mmol/L, range 7.0–10.4, p <0.001). No bone complications were reported for ASMD, compared to 33% in GD1 (p <0.005). In ASMD pulmonary disease was more severe as evidenced by a median diffusion capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide of 73% of predicted (range 26–104), compared to 85% (range 53–126) in GD1 (p = 0.029). In conclusion, bone complications, hematological abnormalities, chitotriosidase activity, and CCL18 levels were more prominent in GD1, while pulmonary manifestations were more common in AMSD. Different secondary pathophysiological processes surrounding sphingomyelin and glucosylceramide accumulation might explain these differences.
Genital ulcers in hospitalized patients: How often is genital herpes the culprit?
Authors: Bermúdez‐Rodríguez S. P. , Malagón‐Liceaga A. , Figueroa‐Ramos G. , Estrada‐Caraveo Y. V. , Gatica‐Torres M. , Domínguez‐Cherit J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundGenital herpes (GH) is the main infectious cause of genital ulcers worldwide. Clinical diagnosis alone may be misleading, especially in immunocompromised patients in whom atypical presentations are common.ObjectivesTo assess the herpetic etiology of genital ulcers in immunocompromised and immunocompetent hospitalized adults, and to identify the most frequent differential diagnoses within each patient group.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective transverse study at a third‐level center in Mexico City using PCR testing (HSV‐1, HSV‐2, VZV) in hospitalized patients with genital ulcers to diagnose GH. When negative, biopsy and tissue cultures were taken to establish the final diagnosis. Data from a 2‐year period (March 2021 to April 2023), including demographic characteristics, comorbidities, initial clinical suspicion, PCR test results, skin tissue biopsy results, cultures results, and final diagnosis, were collected from May 2023 to June 2023.ResultsA total of 59 hospital patients with genital ulcers underwent PCR testing due to clinical suspicion of GH, of which 39 (66%) were immunocompromised. The diagnosis was confirmed in 32/59 cases (54%), of which 22/32 (69%) were immunocompromised and 10/32 (31%) immunocompetent. In the 17 immunocompromised adults in whom GH was excluded, other viral (34%) or bacterial (23%) infections were the next most frequent etiologies. Meanwhile, among the 10 immunocompetent patients without GH, noninfectious causes, such as incontinence‐associated dermatitis (15%) and trauma or pressure ulcers (15%), were the most prevalent.ConclusionsGenital ulcers in hospitalized adults should raise the suspicion of infectious etiologies, particularly of GH. Diagnostic confirmation with tests such as PCR is crucial given the uncertainty of its clinical diagnosis. Once GH diagnosis is excluded, immunocompromised patients should be evaluated for other infectious etiologies, while noninfectious causes should be considered first in immunocompetent patients.
Comparing the metabolic signatures of obesity defined by waist circumference, waist‐hip ratio, or BMI
Authors: Al Hariri Moustafa , Al‐Sulaiti Haya , Anwardeen Najeha , Naja Khaled , A. Elrayess Mohamed 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveMeasuring obesity is crucial for assessing health risks and developing effective prevention and treatment strategies. The most common methods used to measure obesity include BMI, waist circumference, and waist‐hip ratio. This study aimed to determine the metabolic signatures associated with each measure of obesity in the Qatari population.MethodsMetabolomics profiling was conducted to identify, quantify, and characterize metabolites in serum samples from the study participants. Inverse rank normalization, principal component analysis, and orthogonal partial least square‐discriminant analysis were used to analyze the metabolomics data.ResultsThis study revealed significant differences in metabolites associated with obesity based on different measurements. In men, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine metabolites were significantly enriched in individuals classified as having obesity based on the waist‐hip ratio. In women, significant changes were observed in leucine, isoleucine, and valine metabolism metabolites. Unique metabolites were found in the different categorization groups that could serve as biomarkers for assessing many obesity‐related disorders.ConclusionsThis study identified unique metabolic signatures associated with obesity based on different measurements in the Qatari population. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the molecular pathways involved in obesity and may have implications for developing personalized prevention and treatment strategies.
Ovarian function in female survivors of high‐risk neuroblastoma
Authors: Jimenez‐Kurlander Lauren , DeRosa Amelia , Kostrzewa Caroline E. , Moskowitz Chaya S. , Bogardus Kimberly , Antal Zoltan , Wolden Suzanne , La Quaglia Michael P. , Basu Ellen M. , Cardenas Fiorella Iglesias , Kramer Kim , Kushner Brian H. , Cheung Nai‐Kong V. , Modak Shakeel , Friedman Danielle Novetsky 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionData on ovarian function in neuroblastoma survivors are limited. We sought to determine the prevalence of ovarian dysfunction in a cohort of high‐risk neuroblastoma survivors and compare outcomes among survivors treated with and without autologous stem cell rescue (ASCR) preceded by myeloablative chemotherapy.MethodsRetrospective review of female survivors of high‐risk neuroblastoma ≥5 years from diagnosis, diagnosed between 1982 and 2014, and followed in a tertiary cancer center. Participants were divided into two groups: individuals treated with conventional chemotherapy ± radiation (“non‐ASCR”) (n = 32) or with chemotherapy ± radiation followed by myeloablative chemotherapy with ASCR (“ASCR”) (n = 51). Ovarian dysfunction was defined as follicle‐stimulating hormone ≥15 mU/mL, while premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) was defined as persistent ovarian dysfunction requiring hormone replacement therapy. Poisson models were used to determine prevalence ratios of ovarian dysfunction and POI.ResultsAmong 83 females (median attained age: 19 years [range, 10‐36]; median follow‐up: 15 years [range, 7‐36]), 49 (59%) had ovarian dysfunction, and 34 (41%) developed POI. Survivors treated with ASCR were 3.2‐fold more likely to develop ovarian dysfunction (95% CI: 1.8‐6.0; p < 0.001) and 4.5‐fold more likely to develop POI (95% CI: 1.7‐11.7; p = 0.002) when compared with those treated with conventional chemotherapy, after adjusting for attained age. Two participants in the non‐ASCR group and six in the ASCR group achieved at least one spontaneous pregnancy.DiscussionOvarian dysfunction is prevalent in female high‐risk neuroblastoma survivors, especially after ASCR. Longitudinal follow‐up of larger cohorts is needed to inform counseling about the risk of impaired ovarian function after neuroblastoma therapy.
Relevance of learning health systems to physiatrists and its synergy with implementation science: A commentary
Authors: Annaswamy Thiru M. , Grover Prateek , Douglas Natalie F. , Poploski Kathleen M. , Anderson Catherine A. , Clark Melissa A. , Flores Ann Marie , Hafner Brian J. , Hoffman Jeanne M. , Kinney Adam R. , Ressel Kristin , Sánchez Jennifer , Whitten Margarite J. , Resnik Linda , McDonough Christine M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAs health care attempts to bridge the gap between evidence and practice, the concept of the learning health system (LHS) is becoming increasingly relevant. LHS integrates evidence with health systems data, driving health care quality and outcomes through updates in policy, practice, and care delivery. In addition, LHS research is becoming critically important as there are several initiatives underway to increase research capacity, expertise, and implementation, including attempts to stimulate increasing numbers of LHS researchers. Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (PM&R) physicians (physiatrists), nurses, therapists (physical therapists, occupational therapists, speech therapists, clinical psychologists), and scientists are affiliated with LHSs. As LHS research expands in health care systems, better awareness and understanding of LHSs and LHS research competencies are key for rehabilitation professionals including physiatrists. To address this need, the Agency of Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) identified 33 core competencies, grouped into eight domains, for training LHS researchers. The domains are: (1) Systems Science; (2) Research Questions and Standards of Scientific Evidence; (3) Research Methods; (4) Informatics; (5) Ethics of Research and Implementation in Health Systems; (6) Improvement and Implementation Science; (7) Engagement, Leadership, and Research Management; and the recently added (8) Health and Healthcare Equity and Justice. The purpose of this commentary is to define LHS and its relevance to physiatrists, present the role of implementation science (IS) in LHSs and application of IS principles to design LHSs, illustrate current LHS research in rehabilitation, and discuss potential solutions to improve awareness and to stimulate interest in LHS research and IS among physiatrists in LHSs.
The performance of a variable‐resolution 300‐m ensemble for forecasting convection over London
Authors: Hanley Kirsty E. , Lean Humphrey W. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWhen using sub‐km models to forecast convection, it is important to have a large enough domain to allow convection to fully spin‐up from the lateral boundaries. However, running large domains is computationally expensive and while it may be feasible for research purposes it is not yet feasible for routinely run models, such as the Met Office 300‐m London model. To try and mitigate the spin‐up issues in the London model, a variable‐resolution 300‐m London Model (the ‘LMV’) has been developed, which allows the boundaries of the London model to be further away from areas of interest (e.g., London Heathrow) at lower computational cost. Results from several cases of summertime convection show that the convective storms in the variable‐resolution model are more like those in a large fixed‐resolution 300‐m model than those in the much smaller London model. This implies variable resolution is a viable option for increasing the size of the London model domain without increasing the computational costs too much. Extended evaluation of the LMV was conducted during summer 2022, running as an ensemble nested inside the Met Office's operational UK ensemble (MOGREPS‐UK). Overall, the LMV looks promising for high‐impact convective events as it is better able to represent the organisation of convection into lines or larger storms whereas MOGREPS‐UK tends to simulate isolated, circular storms. This often leads to more reliable probabilities of heavy rainfall in the LMV ensemble compared to MOGREPS‐UK. However, there is an issue with the LMV producing too many small precipitating showers in situations where there should only be shallow clouds. This is thought to be a result of shallow clouds getting too deep in the model and precipitating erroneously.
Scientometric evaluation of cutting‐edge research on sustainable development and environmental concern
Authors: Singh Roopendra 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSustainable development is an emerging field worldwide; given sustainable development, environmental concern is a significant and critical area. An attempt was made in this study to investigate the research areas and patterns associated with the growth of publication and citation growth related to sustainable development and environmental concerns. As a result of the download of 2258 publication details from the SCOPUS database, research data was downloaded and analyzed based on Vosviewer software by downloading and analyzing the research data. In the analysis of sustainable development and environmental concerns, scientometric analyses were conducted based on co‐authorship, keyword occurrence, bibliographic coupling, and co‐citation to visualize the results of the scientometric analysis.
Surface Engineering Enhances Vanadium Carbide MXene‐Based Nanoplatform Triggered by NIR‐II for Cancer Theranostics
Authors: Zhu Xiaodong , Zhang Xide , Guo Jiahao , He Lei , Wang Fuming , Qiu Zhiwen , Li Ang , Zhang Jing , Gao Fu , Li Wei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDespite the advantages of high tissue penetration depth, selectivity, and non‐invasiveness of photothermal therapy for cancer treatment, developing NIR‐II photothermal agents with desirable photothermal performance and advanced theranostics ability remains a key challenge. Herein, a universal surface modification strategy is proposed to effectively improve the photothermal performance of vanadium carbide MXene nanosheets (L‐V2C) with the removal of surface impurity ions and generation of mesopores. Subsequently, MnOx coating capable of T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging can be in situ formed through surface redox reaction on L‐V2C, and then, stable nanoplatforms (LVM‐PEG) under physiological conditions can be obtained after further PEGylation. In the tumor microenvironment irradiated by NIR‐II laser, multivalent Mn ions released from LVM‐PEG, as a reversible electronic station, can consume the overexpression of glutathione and catalyze a Fenton‐like reaction to produce ·OH, resulting in synchronous cellular oxidative damage. Efficient synergistic therapy promotes immunogenic cell death, improving tumor‐related immune microenvironment and immunomodulation, and thus, LVM‐PEG can demonstrate high accuracy and excellent anticancer efficiency guided by multimodal imaging. As a result, this study provides a new approach for the customization of 2D surface strategies and the study of synergistic therapy mechanisms, highlighting the application of MXene‐based materials in the biomedical field.
A Robust Parallel Computing Data Extraction Framework for Nanopore Experiments
Authors: Bandara Y. M. N. D. Y. , Dutt Shankar , Karawdeniya Buddini I. , Saharia Jugal , Kluth Patrick , Tricoli Antonio 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe success of a nanopore experiment relies not only on the quality of the experimental design but also on the performance of the analysis program utilized to decipher the ionic perturbations necessary for understanding the fundamental molecular intricacies. An event extraction framework is developed that leverages parallel computing, efficient memory management, and vectorization, yielding significant performance enhancement. The newly developed abf‐ultra‐simple function extracts key parameters from the header critical for the operation of open‐seek‐read‐close data loading architecture running on multiple cores. This underpins the swift analysis of large files where an ≈ × 18 improvement is found for a 100 min‐long file (≈4.5 GB) compared to the more traditional single (cell) array data loading method. The application is benchmarked against five other analysis platforms showcasing significant performance enhancement (>2 ×–1120 ×). The integrated provisions for batch analysis enable concurrently analyzing multiple files (vital for high‐bandwidth experiments). Furthermore, the application is equipped with multi‐level data fitting based on abrupt changes in the event waveform. The application condenses the extracted events to a single binary file improving data portability (e.g., 16 GB file with 28 182 events reduces to 47.9 MB–343 × size reduction) and enables a multitude of post‐analysis extractions to be done efficiently.
Empowering Exosomes with Aptamers for Precision Theranostics
Authors: Zheng Liyan , Li Jin , Li Yingying , Sun Weidi , Ma LeLe , Qu Fengli , Tan Weihong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAs information messengers for cell‐to‐cell communication, exosomes, typically small membrane vesicles (30–150 nm), play an imperative role in the physiological and pathological processes of living systems. Accumulating studies have demonstrated that exosomes are potential biological candidates for theranostics, including liquid biopsy‐based diagnosis and drug delivery. However, their clinical applications are hindered by several issues, especially their unspecific detection and insufficient targeting ability. How to upgrade the accuracy of exosome‐based theranostics is being widely explored. Aptamers, benefitting from their admirable characteristics, are used as excellent molecular recognition elements to empower exosomes for precision theranostics. With high affinity against targets and easy site‐specific modification, aptamers can be incorporated with platforms for the specific detection of exosomes, thus providing opportunities for advancing disease diagnostics. Furthermore, aptamers can be tailored and functionalized on exosomes to enable targeted therapeutics. Herein, this review emphasizes the empowering of exosomes by aptamers for precision theranostics. A brief introduction of exosomes and aptamers is provided, followed by a discussion of recent progress in aptamer‐based exosome detection for disease diagnosis, and the emerging applications of aptamer‐functionalized exosomes for targeted therapeutics. Finally, current challenges and opportunities in this research field are presented.
Initiation of vedolizumab did not provoke new‐onset spondylarthritis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A prospective 24‐week study with imaging assessments
Authors: Rohekar Sherry , Boyd Tristan , Lambert Robert G. , Beaton Melanie , Chande Nilesh , Gregor Jamie , Lennox Heather , Mcintosh Keith , Ponich Terry , Rahman Adam , Sharma Trimadhu , Sey Michael , Tauqir Maria , Jairath Vipul 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundA temporal relationship between vedolizumab and new‐onset spondyloarthritis (SpA) has been suggested.AimsWe evaluated the relationship between vedolizumab initiation and development of new‐onset SpA in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) through serial clinical evaluation and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsA single‐centre prospective observational study of 24 patients with IBD. Patients were eligible if they had active ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease (CD), were initiating vedolizumab, had no prior history of arthritis or SpA and were suitable for serial MRI. A rheumatologist performed clinical evaluation prior to the first dose and 8 and 24 weeks. Axial MRI was evaluated by a blinded central reader and performed at baseline 8 and 24 weeks.ResultsNine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor‐naïve patients (4 male; mean age 53.2 years; 6 UC; 3 CD) and eight TNF inhibitor‐experienced patients (7 male; mean age 48 years; 3 UC; 5 CD) completed all assessments. No patients developed new features of axial arthritis or features of peripheral SpA (inflammatory oligoarthritis, enthesitis, dactylitis, or psoriasis (nail, body, or scalp)). Both groups demonstrated a good intestinal response.ConclusionVedolizumab initiation did not induce new features of axial or peripheral SpA after 24 weeks of treatment in TNF inhibitor‐experienced or TNF inhibitor‐naive patients with IBD.
Fidelity of wormhole teleportation in finite-qubit systems
Authors: Liu Zeyu , Zhang Pengfei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The rapid development of quantum science and technology is leading us into an era where quantum many-body systems can be comprehended through quantum simulations. Holographic duality, which states gravity and spacetime can emerge from strongly interacting systems, then offers a natural avenue for the experimental study of gravity physics without delving into experimentally infeasible high energies. A prominent example is the simulation of traversable wormholes through the wormhole teleportation protocol, attracting both theoretical and experimental attention. In this work, we develop the theoretical framework for computing the fidelity of wormhole teleportation in N-qubit systems with all-to-all interactions, quantified by mutual information and entanglement negativity. The main technique is the scramblon effective theory, which captures universal out-of-time-order correlations in generic chaotic systems. We clarify that strong couplings between the two systems are essential for simulating the probe limit of semi-classical traversable wormholes using strongly interacting systems with near-maximal chaos. However, the teleportation signal diminishes rapidly when reducing the system size N, requiring a large number of qubits to observe a sharp signature of emergent geometry by simulating the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model. This includes both the causal time-order of signals and the asymmetry of the teleportation signal for coupling with different signs. As a comparison, the teleportation signal increases when reducing N in weakly interacting systems. We also analyze the fidelity of the generalized encoding scheme in fermionic string operators.
Low spin solutions of higher spin gravity: BPST instanton
Authors: Skvortsov Evgeny , Yin Yihao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Higher spin gravities do not have a low energy limit where higher-spin fields decouple from gravity. Nevertheless, it is possible to construct fine-tuned exact solutions that activate low-spin fields without sourcing the higher-spin fields. We show that BPST (Belavin-Polyakov-Schwartz-Tyupkin) instanton is an exact solution of Chiral Higher Spin Gravity, i.e. it is also a solution of the holographic dual of Chern-Simons matter theories. This gives an example of a low-spin solution. The instanton sources the opposite helicity spin-one field and a scalar field. We derive an Effective Field Theory that describes the coupling between an instanton and the other two fields, whose action starts with the Chalmers-Siegel action and has certain higher derivative couplings.
End of the world brane meets $$ T\overline{T} $$
Authors: Deng Feiyu , Wang Zhi , Zhou Yang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
End of the world branes in AdS have been recently used to study problems deeply connected to quantum gravity, such as black hole evaporation and holographic cosmology. With non-critical tension and Neumann boundary condition, the end of the world brane often represents part of the degrees of freedom in AdS gravity and geometrically it is only part of the entire boundary. On the other hand, holographic $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

deformation can also give a boundary as a cutoff surface for AdS gravity. In this paper we consider AdS gravity with both the end of the world boundary and the cutoff boundary. Using partial reduction we obtain a brane world gravity glued to a $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

deformed bath. We compute both entanglement entropy and Page curve, and find agreement between the holographic results and island formula results.