bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Evaluation of the Pharyngeal Airways and Related Soft Tissues of Unilateral and Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Patients with the Noncleft Individuals
Authors: Aras Isil , Dogan Servet 
Published: August 2015

Aim This study is a comparison of pharyngeal airways and associated soft tissues of unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate patients with the noncleft individuals. Materials and Methods Twenty-four unilateral cleft lip and palate patients (UCLP), 21 bilateral cleft lip and palate patients (BCLP), and 26 noncleft patients (NC) between ages 15 to 17 were included in the study. Eleven linear, 1 angular, and 1 proportional measurements were carried out on pretreatment lateral cephalometric head films of these individuals. Results The nasopharyngeal depths were markedly reduced in BCLP when compared with the NC (P < .001) and UCLP (P < .01) with a significant difference (P < .01) also among UCLP and NC. Minimum space behind the tongue concerning BCLP and UCLP were significantly lower compared to the NC (P < .001 and P < .01, respectively). In pairwise comparison among the clefts, BCLP showed significant (P < .05) narrowing of this distance. Tongue heights and velar lengths were significantly (P < .001) lower in cleft groups compared to the controls. Similarly, the hyoid bone was positioned in a significantly (P < .01) anterior and inferior direction in cleft patients. Comparison of the mean ratio of velar length to nasopharyngeal depth of the three groups revealed significant (P < .001) inadequacies in cleft patients with significantly (P < .05) more severely reduced values in BCLP. Conclusion Pharyngeal airways and involved soft tissues of cleft patients show serious inadequacies compared to controls, with significant diversities among cleft types pertaining to some of the parameters investigated. It should be kept in mind that these variations can influence function in terms of respiration and phonation.
Withdrawn: Dissolved oxygen model for a river with extreme flow variations
Authors: Ejaz Naeem , Saeed Tariq Usman , Ahmed Anwaar , Khan Daulat 
Published: August 2015

This paper has been withdrawn by the authors due to errors in the results. A dissolved oxygen (DO) model is calibrated under low and medium flow conditions, while verification of the model is done under low flow condition, for a heavily polluted river. The Soan River is located in Pakistan, with large flow variations. The biokinetic rate coefficients for nitrogenous biochemical oxygen demand and carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (CBOD) are determined through ammonia river profiles and measured CBOD. A close agreement between the DO model results and the field values shows that the verified model can be used to develop DO management strategies for the Soan River. The biokinetic coefficient is known to vary with the degree of treatment (DOT) and needs to be adjusted for a rational water quality management model. The effect of this variation on the level of treatment has been evaluated by using the verified model to attain a DO standard of 4 mg/l in the river using the biokinetic rate coefficient. The required DOT in this case is found to be 92%, while the DOT is 82% if the adjusted biokinetic rate coefficient is used to reflect the effect of wastewater treatment. This concludes the use of appropriate biokinetic coefficients to manage water quality in rivers as highly important.
Complexidade do Sistema Ambiental e Humano e sua Relação com a Sustentabilidade
Authors: Feil Alexandre André , Schreiber Dusan , Tundisi José Galizia 
Published: August 2015

É consenso que a função e a estrutura do sistema ambiental e humano são complexas quando analisadas de forma isolada e/ou integrada, e esse assunto é tema de debate atual para a compreensão da sustentabilidade. Nesse sentido, esta pesquisa objetiva realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre as complexidades das interações entre os sistemas ambientais e humanos, e a sua relação com o conceito de sustentabilidade. A metodologia utilizada, quanto Ã abordagem, é qualitativa de caráter exploratório-descritivo e, quanto aos procedimentos técnicos, é uma revisão bibliográfica. Os resultados revelam que a ideia de sustentabilidade apenas é factível quando observados o funcionamento e a estrutura do sistema ambiental e humano, pois os processos de coevolução e/ou panarchy devem ser considerados na identificação dos elementos ou subsistemas a serem preservados ou mantidos. A compreensão da complexidade e das interações dos sistemas ambientais e humanos é essencial na definição da ideia de sustentabilidade, pois estes evidenciam a essência de seu propósito.
Sustentabilidade em Debate:
Authors: Eiró Flávio , Grando Raquel Lopes S. C. 
Published: August 2015

Neste primeiro número de 2015 de Sustentabilidade em Debate (SeD), Ã s vésperas de comemorar cinco anos de existência da revista, apresentamos um balanço do movimento de textos e de avaliações, com base em uma radiografia das estatísticas referentes ao processo de produção, desde a submissão e publicação até a consulta dos textos.Todos os dados foram recolhidos do Sistema Eletrônico de Editoração de Revistas (SEER), adotado pelo Portal de Periódicos da Universidade de Brasília, no qual se encontra hospedada SeD. Para fins de análise e comparação, para alguns dados utilizaremos apenas artigos submetidos e/ou publicados nos anos 2013 e 2014 e com processo de avaliaçãoconcluído.
What shapes fitness costs of reproduction in long‐lived iteroparous species? A case study on the Alpine ibex
Authors: Garnier Alexandre , Gaillard Jean‐Michel , Gauthier Dominique , Besnard Aurélien 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe fitness costs of reproduction can be masked by individual differences, and may only become apparent during adverse environmental conditions. Individual differences, however, are usually assessed by reproductive success, so how fitness costs are influenced by the interplay between the environmental context and overall individual differences requires further investigation. Here, we evaluated fitness costs of reproduction based on 15 yr of monitoring of individual Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) during a period when the population was affected by a severe disease outbreak (pneumonia). We quantified fitness costs using a novel multi‐event capture–mark–recapture (CMR) modeling approach that accounted for uncertainty in reproductive status to estimate the survival and reproductive success of female ibex while also accounting for overall individual heterogeneity using mixture models. Our results show that the ability of females to reproduce was highly heterogeneous. In particular, one group including 76% of females had a much higher probability of giving birth annually (between 0.66 and 0.77, depending on the previous reproductive status) than females of the second group (24% of females, between 0 and 0.05 probability of giving birth annually). Low reproductive costs in terms of future reproduction occurred and were independent of the pneumonia outbreak. There was no survival cost of reproduction either before or after the epizootic, but the cost was high during the epizootic. Our findings indicate that adverse environmental conditions, such as disease outbreaks, may lead to survival costs of reproduction in long‐lived species and select against females that have a high reproductive effort. Thereby, the occurrence of adverse conditions increases the diversity of reproductive tactics within a population.
Pathophysiology of the Cardiovascular System and Neonatal Hypotension
Authors: Shead Sandra L. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTHypotension is common in low birth weight neonates and less common in term newborns and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Determining an adequate blood pressure in neonates remains challenging for the neonatal nurse because of the lack of agreed-upon norms. Values for determining norms for blood pressure at varying gestational and postnatal ages are based on empirical data. Understanding cardiovascular pathophysiology, potential causes of hypotension, and assessment of adequate perfusion in the neonatal population is important and can assist the neonatal nurse in the evaluation of effective blood pressure. This article reviews cardiovascular pathophysiology as it relates to blood pressure and discusses potential causes of hypotension in the term and preterm neonate. Variation in management of hypotension across centers is discussed. Underlying causes and pathophysiology of hypotension in the neonate are described.
Development of Home Educational Materials for Families of Preterm Infants
Authors: Ronan Susan , Liberatos Penny , Weingarten Sarah , Wells Princess , Garry Jessica , O’Brien Kathryn , Parker-Bozzuto Sarah , Schultz Stacy L. , Nevid Tracy 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIntroduction: Parent educational materials describing infant positioning for a home program are vital in supplementing NICU discharge instructions and promoting parent confidence.Purpose: To document the process of developing a brochure and DVD of a positioning program, using evidence-based practice and NICU expert feedbackMethods: A trifold brochure and companion DVD were developed to demonstrate infant positioning to parents of premature infants for a home developmental program following NICU discharge. A standard process of development was followed for the brochure and DVD script and production. The process included review and comment by eight NICU professionals and several revisions.Results: Content of the brochure and DVD and the process entailed in their development is described. Guidelines outlining the process for development of educational materials for families are provided.Conclusion: Creation of multimedia educational materials for parents of infants who are NICU graduates requires a multistep process to ensure usefulness and validity.
Probiotics for Preterm Infants: A Premature or Overdue Necrotizing Enterocolitis Prevention Strategy?
Authors: Anderson Sharon 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCommon among preterm, very low birth weight (VLBW) and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a gastrointestinal, infectious disease that remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among this high-risk population. To combat this devastating condition, research efforts have been redirected from treatment toward prevention strategies. Although there are several proposed risk-reduction strategies, one intervention gaining support is the administration of prophylactic enteral probiotics. Regardless of growing evidentiary support and a benign safety profile, neonatal providers have yet to embrace this therapy. This article provides an overview of the proposed benefits of probiotics, focusing on their role as a NEC prevention strategy. A review of several sentinel research studies targeting preterm, VLBW, and ELBW infants is provided. Considerations for ongoing research are reviewed. Finally, two evidence-based NEC prevention probiotics protocols are presented.
Pulse Oximetry Screening for Critical Congenital Heart Defects
Authors: Wood Justine 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTCritical congenital heart defects (CCHD) are a subset of congenital heart defects that require acute diagnosis and interventions in order to provide optimal health outcomes for newborns. The incidence of infants with CCHD may be as high as six per 1,000 live births.1 Pulse oximetry screening is a new tool used in many nurseries to detect the presence of CCHD with high reliability. This article includes an overview of CCHD and the pulse oximetry screen, including the primary and secondary targets, a test algorithm, reliability, cost-effectiveness, limitations, national recommendations, and implications for nurses, particularly their role in the NICU.
Another Preemie with Hypoglycemia? Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome–A Case Study
Authors: Tower Polli , Tolia Veeral N. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTBeckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is the most common overgrowth disorder in infants. This article reviews a case of a premature infant with an atypical presentation of Beckwith-Wiedemann that was diagnosed at one month of age. It also addresses notable aspects of the etiology, diagnosis, and management of infants with BWS.
To Bathe or Not to Bathe: The Neonatal Question
Authors: Colwell Alice 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAfter delivery, newborns go through a series of physiologic changes in an effort to adapt to extrauterine life, with preterm newborns more likely to experience medical problems following this transition. Neonatal hypothermia, defined as a temperature <36.5°C, is a major contributor to neonatal mortality and morbidity.1 Early bathing may be a contributing factor to hypothermia and interfere with the premature neonate’s ability to safely adapt to an extrauterine environment.2 Skin physiology, the physiologic changes that result from bathing, the importance of maintaining vernix for temperature stability, and how policy change and education-based programs for developmentally supportive care will be discussed in an attempt to improve patient care outcomes for neonates in the NICU.
Aerial treatments in forest protection – research methodology
Authors: Rowiński Robert Stefan 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Treatment effectiveness in forest protection against harmful insects depends not only on pesticide efficacy of the product applied, but also on a number of other factors including assurance that a given insecticide reaches the pest living in the canopy. In the treatments with the use of aerial equipment (silva-aerial) it is advisable to consider species and age diversity of protected tree stands. The paper presents research methodology on the assessment of spray structure and density, penetration of spray droplets into the canopy as well as a degree of coverage and incorporation in tree crowns. The methodology proposed takes into account characteristics of the forest area studied and its surroundings, as well as the parameters and equipment of the measurement line. There were determined: operation requirements for the aircraft and its test and registration equipment as well as demands on pilot qualifications, flight performance on the measurement line and weather conditions allowing for conducting test trials. In the paper, there are presented a set of values and mathematical formulas needed for the analyses. Taking into account ecological threats, there were included the methods on evaluation of spray drift of the liquid distributed over the forest.
Cultural determinants of employee relationship management
Authors: Moczydłowska Joanna M. , Widelska Urszula 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
culture context of employee relationship management is the subject of the analysis undertaken in this article. The authors based on the assumption that the knowledge of what values and standards culturally conditioned guides nationalities or ethnic groups constitutes the foundation of people management in transnational organizations. The article contains results of a critical analysis of the concept of Employee Relationship Management (ERM) and its culture context. The research problem undertaken in the article is: how does the cultural and national context influence the process of employee relationship management. On the basis of carried out analyses, it has been concluded that it is possible to distinguish dimensions of culture which support relations building in the workplace. Relationship management with employees is supported by: small power distance, femininity, collectivism and high contextuality
Determinants of building competitive positions of family enterprises – case study
Authors: Lemańska-Majdzik Anna , Sipa Monika 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The paper presents theoretical and practical aspects of the issue of a family enterprise and building a competitive advantage. The aim of the paper was to attempt to determine the elements building a competitive position of an enterprise and to identify the factors that have contributed to the success, with a case study of a family production company.
The formulation of the strategy in the cooperative
Authors: Loera Marcela Contreras Rebecca 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The strategy is an important process for change in organizations; is an effort to find an ever closer relationship between society, individuals and their organizations, in an essentially interrelated world. The organization not only has a context but also an internal configuration and the cooperative is not an exempt of this. This document presents partial findings of the study which analyzed the formation of the fishing cooperative strategy in Sinaloa and the factors involved for its creation. Data were collected through semistructured interviews to fishermen whose play the roles of managers in cooperatives. The results indicate that in the fishing cooperative, its strategy arises from the mind of a manager with limited cognitive abilities and limited information, biased and considering the manager’s intuition, and because the members of the cooperative said that the fishing process is well-know to him but he is not qualified to lead to the organization. From the above it is concluded that in the fishing cooperative, its strategies are formed informally, in the short term, from its management capabilities, identifying the need for training programs for members of the organization, so that they will have the elements necessary to formulate and implement appropriate strategies for these organizations
Building competitive advantage in the context of electronic communication with the use of social media
Authors: Tarabasz Anna 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In today’s turbulent environment it is difficult to imagine a modern company knowingly waives the benefits of electronic communication. Simultaneously there is a multitude of companies that misuse these tools, that makes their actions usually having exactly opposite results of intended. Due to advantages of the Internet as a communication channel and effective advertising medium, more and more companies decide to invest into it. In Poland in 2013, with nearly 7 billion of PLN spent on advertising, more than 21% was invested in online promotion. Furthermore, Internet as an advertising channel of communication is the only one noting regular annual increase in spending on advertising campaigns in comparison to other media.
This article is an attempt to show the merits of building companys’ competitive advantage with the use of Internet and particular regard to social media. It presents both own model on-line communication and the results of research among 11 largest retail banks in Poland and opinions of their 1800 customers.
Multicultural issues in the development of Islamic banking
Authors: Masiukiewicz Piotr 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Islamic banking is highly specific and is based on the Sharia law. This banking offers new products. which comply with the prohibitions of riba, maysir, gharar. Dynamic development of this banking in the word is the consequence of its opening to culturally diverse clients, and not only Muslims. Numerous researches demonstrate that many not-Muslim clients use the financial products which are offered in Islamic banks and in the “Islamic windows” in conventional banks. The Islamic banking offer is increasingly more often dedicated to the clients beyond the Muslim community, and at the same time the products dedicated to this community are offered by traditional banks. In this way the Islamic banking offer diffuses to other cultures.
Competitiveness factors of the candy industry in San Luis Potosí, México
Authors: Bednarek Mariusz , Guzmán Juan Carlos Neri 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This paper is an attempt to analyze some of methodologies and models used to identify the most important factors to promote competitiveness on different levels: international, national, regional, industrial, and under a systemic and cluster approach. The purpose is to support the design of an appropriate model to analyze competitive performance of a local industry in Mexico, specifically the candy industry. The results are useful to understand the areas of opportunity present in the candy industry and allow proposing strategic actions to promote competitiveness. The goal of this article is to propose a strategic agenda to strengthen the competitiveness factor that makes the cluster approach distinctive among others, namely the role of actors and linking businesses.
This paper presents partial results of research of a doctoral thesis analyzing the case of the candy industry from the point of view of industrial clusters. The research is relevant considering that it presents a methodology for measuring the degree of functionality of a productive activity considered as “outstanding” in a local economy under international operation standards, which is not common in studies of developing countries.
Hypertriglyceridemia in extremely low birth weight infants receiving lipid emulsions
Authors: Holtrop P. , Swails T. , Riggs T. 
Published: August 2015

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of high TG levels in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants and what the risk factors are for high TG levels. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a prospective observational study of triglyceride concentrations in extremely low birth weight infants receiving lipid infusions. Lipid infusions were begun at 0.5 grams/kg/day at age one day and the dose advanced by 0.5 grams/kg/day. Triglyceride concentrations were drawn when the dose reached 1 and 2 grams/kg/day. We compared infants with normal triglyceride levels (≤200 mg/dl) with those with elevated triglyceride levels (>200 mg/dl) with univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: There were 75 infants included in the analysis. Twenty (26.7% , 95% CI = 16.6–36.7%) had triglyceride levels >200 mg/dl. On multiple logistic regression analysis, lower birth weight was associated with the risk of an elevated triglyceride level. Triglyceride levels >200 mg/dl did not predict future mortality or morbidity. CONCLUSION: Elevated TG levels occur commonly in ELBW infants and are associated with a lower birth weight.
Neonatal outcomes of macrosomic infants of diabetic and non-diabetic mothers
Authors: Cordero L. , Paetow P. , Landon M.B. , Nankervis C.A. 
Published: August 2015

OBJECTIVE: To compare neonatal outcomes (including breastfeeding (BF) initiation) of 170 macrosomic IDM with that of 739 macrosomic nIDM. DESIGN/METHODS: Retrospective cohort investigation of all macrosomic infants born consecutively over a four-year period (2008–2011). Macrosomic (birth weight ≥4000 g) IDM included 100 infants whose mothers had gestational diabetes and 70 whose mothers had pregestational diabetes. RESULTS: IDM were more likely to be delivered by cesarean to obese women while nIDM were more likely to be delivered vaginally to younger women with a higher level of education. Ethnic distribution (60% white, 20% black, 10% Hispanic and 10% Asian or African) was similar in each group. Forty-nine percent of IDM and 7% of nIDM required NICU admission. Respiratory disorders (mainly TTNB) affected 21% of IDM and 3% of nIDM while hypoglycemia was observed in 36% of IDM and 15% of nIDM. Of the 35 IDM delivered vaginally, 10 were complicated by shoulder dystocia without injury. Conversely, 70 of the 458 nIDM delivered vaginally experienced shoulder dystocia that resulted in 6 limb fractures and 3 brachial plexus injuries. On arrival to labor and delivery, 75% of all women intended to BF; however, at the time of discharge, 65% of women with diabetes and 92% of those without diabetes who intended to BF had initiated BF. CONCLUSIONS: Both macrosomic IDM and macrosomic nIDM are at risk for significant morbidities. Macrosomic IDM carry a higher risk for NICU admissions, leading to maternal-infant separation, and lower BF initiation rates.