bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
X-ray dose delivered during a longitudinal micro-CT study has no adverse effect on cardiac and pulmonary tissue in C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Detombe Sarah A , Dunmore-Buyze Joy , Petrov Ivailo E , Drangova Maria 
Published: April 2013

Background Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) offers numerous advantages for small animal imaging, including the ability to monitor the same animals throughout a longitudinal study. However, concerns are often raised regarding the effects of X-ray dose accumulated over the course of the experiment. Purpose To scan C57BL/6 mice multiple times per week for 6 weeks, in order to determine the effect of the cumulative dose on pulmonary and cardiac tissue at the end of the study. Material and Methods C57BL/6 male mice were split into two groups (irradiated group = 10, control group = 10). The irradiated group was scanned (80 kVp/50mA) three times weekly for 6 weeks, resulting in a weekly dose of 0.84 Gy, and a total study dose of 5.04 Gy. The control group was scanned on the final week. Scans from week 6 were reconstructed and the lungs and heart were analyzed. Results Overall, there was no significant difference in lung volume or lung density or in left ventricular volume or ejection fraction between the control group and the irradiated group. Histological samples taken from excised lung and myocardial tissue also showed no evidence of inflammation or fibrosis in the irradiated group. Conclusion This study demonstrated that a 5 Gy X-ray dose accumulated over 6 weeks during a longitudinal micro-CT study had no significant effects on the pulmonary and myocardial tissue of C57BL/6 mice. As a result, the many advantages of micro-CT imaging, including rapid acquisition of high-resolution, isotropic images in free-breathing mice, can be taken advantage of in longitudinal studies without concern for negative dose-related effects.
Reversed halo sign in acute pulmonary embolism and infarction
Authors: Casullo Joseph , Semionov Alexandre 
Published: April 2013

Background The reversed halo sign, originally described in cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, has been observed in a variety of pulmonary diseases, including pulmonary embolism (PE). Purpose To describe the computed tomographic (CT) findings in patients with the reversed halo sign and acute PE at initial presentation and in subsequent scans. Material and Methods Contrast-enhanced CT examinations of 12 patients with the reversed halo sign and acute PE were analyzed retrospectively. The diagnosis of pulmonary embolism was made by CT angiography in 11 cases and by a routine contrast-enhanced scan of the chest in the other case. Follow-up scans of seven patients and follow-up radiographs of two patients were also examined retrospectively. The average age of the patients was 49 years (range, 21–80 years). Seven (58%) patients were women. Six patients had no significant medical history, and six patients had deep venous thrombosis initially. Results The reversed halo sign was observed as a single lesion in 10 patients; in two patients, two lesions were found. The lesions, all pleural-based, occurred more frequently in the lower lobes and were associated with acute thromboemboli in segmental and subsegmental pulmonary arteries of the corresponding segment. Ten (10/14, 71%) lesions displayed an ellipsoid configuration, two (2/14, 14%) had a pyramidal shape, and two involved an almost entire pulmonary segment. The average largest dimension was 3.9 cm (range, 2.1–6.7 cm). All lesions subtended one or more bronchovascular bundles; three (3/14, 21%) showed air-bronchograms, and a thromboembolus was identified in the subtended arteries in nine (9/14, 64%) lesions. In succeeding CT scans (eight lesions) and follow-up radiographs (three lesions), the lesions became smaller, and the majority evolved into pleural-based linear scars by 7 months. Conclusion The reversed halo sign very likely corresponds to pulmonary infarction in patients with acute PE. Its recognition may have important clinical implications.
Pertinent reportable incidental cardiac findings on chest CT without electrocardiography gating: review of 268 consecutive cases
Authors: Choy Garry , Kröpil Patric , Scherer Axel , El-Sherief Ahmed H , Chung Jonathan , Rojas Carlos A , Abbara Suhny 
Published: April 2013

Background Pertinent reportable cardiac findings on non-electrocardiography (ECG)-gated chest CT examinations have become easier to detect given recent advancements in multidetector CT technology. However, those findings are easily overlooked on routine chest CT without ECG gating given residual inherent cardiac motion artifact and non-cardiac indications. Purpose To describe and quantify the types of pertinent reportable cardiac findings that can be detected on chest CT examinations without ECG gating and evaluate how often they were reported. Material and Methods Two radiologists retrospectively reviewed (blinded to the original interpretation) 268 consecutive routine adult chest CT examinations without ECG gating for the presence of pertinent reportable cardiac findings. Retrospective interpretations were then compared with the original radiological reports. Results One hundred and sixty-three patients (61%) had pertinent reportable cardiac findings. The findings encountered included: coronary artery disease ( n = 131; 80.0%), coronary artery bypass grafts ( n = 10; 6.1%), left ventricular aneurysm ( n = 1; 0.6%), valve calcification ( n = 131; 80.0%), valve repair/replacement ( n = 5; 3.1%), pericardial effusion ( n = 33; 20.2%), left atrial appendage thrombus ( n = 1; 0.6%), cardiac mass ( n = 1; 0.6%), and cardiac chamber enlargement ( n = 29; 17.8%). On the original radiological reports 22.3% of the pertinent reportable cardiac findings, detected by the two radiologists retrospectively, were not reported. Conclusion Detection of pertinent reportable cardiac findings on routine chest CT examinations without ECG gating is possible. The high volume of chest CT examinations without ECG gating represents an opportunity for radiologists to comment on the presence or absence of cardiac disease which may influence future clinical decisions.
Application value of 3T 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy in diagnosing breast tumors
Authors: Vassiou Katerina , Tsougos Ioannis , Kousi Evanthia , Vlychou Marianna , Athanasiou Evaggelos , Theodorou Kiriaki , Arvanitis Dimitrios L , Fezoulidis Ioannis V 
Published: April 2013

Background Assessment of breast lesions with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides a means for lesion detection and diagnosis. Proton (hydrogen-1) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) has been proposed as a useful diagnostic technique in providing metabolic information of suspicious breast lesions. Purpose To determine the clinical significance of in-vivo single voxel 1H-MRS at 3T in the assessment of benign and malignant breast lesions in combination with dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI). Material and Methods Twenty-four women with known breast abnormalities from conventional imaging (mammography, ultrasonography) underwent DCE-MRI at a 3T MR scanner and 26 breast lesions were detected. Breast lesions were assessed according BI-RADS classification. Single voxel 1H-MRS was performed after gadolinium administration and choline peak was qualitatively evaluated. All lesions were confirmed histologically from the surgically excised specimens. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the 1H-MRS, of the BI-RADS classification and of their combination (DCE-MRI + 1H-MRS) were calculated. Results Fifteen out of 26 lesions proved to be malignant and 11 proved to be benign. In our study 1H-MRS showed sensitivity 80%, specificity 81.8%, and accuracy 80.7%. DCE-MRI showed sensitivity 100%, specificity 63.6%, and accuracy 84.6%. The combination of DCE-MRI and 1H-MRS provided higher accuracy (96.4%), as well as higher specificity 81.8% compared to BI-RADS classification. Conclusion The combined use of 1H-MRS and DCE-MRI found to have improved diagnostic performance in the assessment of equivocal breast lesions. 1H-MRS can be used as a useful adjunct during lesion characterization in clinical routine in cases classified as BI-RADS 3 and 4.
Conventional MRI findings for predicting submandibular pleomorphic adenoma
Authors: Kashiwagi Nobuo , Murakami Takamichi , Nakanishi Katsuyuki , Maenishi Osamu , Okajima Kaoru , Takahashi Hiroto , Sakai Mio , Tomita Yasuhiko , Terao Kyoichi , Tomiyama Noriyuki 
Published: April 2013

Background Although pleomorphic adenomas account for over 90% of all benign submandibular gland tumors, the imaging features of submandibular pleomorphic adenomas have not been reported in a large number of cases. Purpose To assess the conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings for predicting the submandibular pleomorphic adenoma. Material and Methods MR studies of 42 pleomorphic adenomas and 28 other types of tumor were reviewed. MR images were assessed for the presence of hyperintense areas on T2-weighted images (first sign), a well-defined margin (second sign), and presence of crescent-shaped compression of the ipsilateral normal submandibular gland (third sign). Results For identifying submandibular pleomorphic adenoma, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were 97.6%, 50.0%, 74.5%, 93.3%, and 78.6% for the first sign, 95.2%, 46.4% 72.7%, 86.7%, and 75.7% for the second sign, and 23.8%, 100%, 86.7%, 46.7%, and 54.3% for the third sign, respectively. Combining the first and second findings achieved to 85.7% specificity and 90.9% accuracy. Conclusion Although non-specific, submandibular pleomorphic adenomas usually have hyperintense areas on T2-weighted images and well-defined margins. In addition, crescent-shaped compression of the ipsilateral normal gland seems to represent a highly specific sign.
Hybrid SPECT/CT imaging of sentinel nodes in esophageal cancer: first results
Authors: Tsai Jon A , Celebioglu Fuat , Lindblad Mats , Lörinc Esther , Nilsson Magnus , Olsson Annie , Lundell Lars , Axelsson Rimma 
Published: April 2013

Background Sentinel node (SN) biopsy in esophageal cancer has the potential of becoming an important tool for ruling out the presence of lymph node metastases in patients opted for less extensive surgery without neoadjuvant treatment. Purpose To investigate preoperative SN imaging in esophageal cancer using hybrid single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT. Material and Methods Eight patients with esophageal cancer scheduled for thoracoabdominal esophagectomy after neoadjuvant treatment, underwent endoscopic submucosal injection of 99mTc-nanocoll the day before surgery, followed by imaging with SPECT/CT for preoperative detection. Intraoperative detection of SNs was performed with a gamma probe. Results SNs were identified by SPECT/CT in 7/8 cases (88%) and by gamma probe in all cases. The median number of identified lymph node stations with SN in the operating field was 1 (range 0–2) for SPECT/CT and 1 (range 1–3) for gamma probe. The median distance between the perceived location of the respective SN according to SPECT/CT and the location identified with the gamma probe was <5 mm (range <5–15 mm). In one patient who had a complete histologic response to neoadjuvant treatment in the primary tumor, there was one single metastasis that was not contained in one of the SNs. Conclusion Preoperative identification of sentinel nodes with hybrid SPECT/CT after endoscopic injection of radiocolloid is a technique with obvious potential for SN mapping in esophageal cancer.
Patient dose and image quality in low-dose abdominal CT: a comparison between iterative reconstruction and filtered back projection
Authors: Kataria Bharti , Smedby Örjan 
Published: April 2013

Background In computed tomography (CT), there is increasing concern for potential CT radiation hazards. Several raw-data-based iterative reconstruction techniques attempt to facilitate low-dose imaging without compromising image quality, which raises the question whether these techniques may allow further dose reduction. Purpose To compare image quality of iterative reconstruction and filtered back projection in low-dose abdominal CT and study the potential for further dose reduction. Material and Methods Forty-five patients underwent CT of the abdomen twice: with standard low-dose technique and with 30% reduced dose, using both iterative reconstruction and filtered back projection. Four radiologists made pair-wise image quality assessment using five visual criteria. Visual grading regression (VGR) and weighted kappa ( κw) were used to analyze the data. Results There were significant effects of log(mAs) ( P <0.001) and reconstruction algorithm ( P <0.01) on all image quality criteria with an estimated potential dose reduction of 5–9%. Inter-observer agreement ranged from 70% to 91% and κw from −0.01 to 0.57. Conclusion An iterative reconstruction algorithm improved image quality in abdominal CT, but the estimated dose reduction was rather small. The full potential of the algorithm remains unclear.
Animal experimental evaluation of a new sealing device for indwelling arterial catheters
Authors: Isfort Peter , Urban Ute , Mahnken Andreas Horst , Penzkofer Tobias , Bruners Philipp , Pfeffer Joachim , Steinseifer Ulrich , Günther Rolf Wilhelm , Schmitz-Rode Thomas 
Published: April 2013

Background Hematoma is a common complication following arterial puncture. To date no device that allows sealing of an arterial puncture site with in-situ catheter has been developed. Purpose To evaluate a newly developed arterial sealing device for endovascular catheters in an in-vivo experimental setting. Material and Methods A peelable collagen-based vascular sealing device for endovascular catheters was tested in acute (follow-up: 4 h; n = 2) and chronic (follow-up: 1 week; n = 4) settings in the femoral artery (FA) of sheep. After implantation correct position of the device as well as patency of the FA were verified angiographically. In the chronic group, hematoma was excluded and patency of FA was assured using color Doppler ultrasound 1 and 3 days after the procedure. After 1 week a final ultrasound and an angiography were performed for final evaluation. Thereafter, the animals were sacrificed and the puncture site was dissected and analyzed macroscopically. Results Sufficient sealing of the puncture site could be observed in all animals. In acute and chronic experiments, neither a hematoma at the puncture site nor other complications were observed after positioning the sealing device. Follow-up color Doppler ultrasounds (CDUS) and final angiography revealed patent FAs in all animals. Macroscopic evaluation of dissection material proved collagen plug and catheter being in place. Conclusion Our preliminary in-vivo results demonstrate a safe and convenient vascular sealing system for endovascular catheters. No acute or chronic complications were observed.
Brain volumetry in Parkinson's disease with and without dementia: where are the differences?
Authors: Lee Seung-Hwan , Kim Sam Soo , Tae Woo-Suk , Lee Seo-Young , Lee Kang Uk , Jhoo Jinhyeoung 
Published: April 2013

Background Cognitive dysfunction is well documented in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, association between regional brain volume change and cognitive decline of PD is uncertain. Purpose To compare regional brain volume difference between PD without dementia (PDND) and PD with dementia (PDD). Material and Methods We enrolled 16 normal controls (mean ± SD: 69.5 ± 6.31) and 32 sex-, age-matched patients with PD (16 PDND and 16 PDD patients with Hoehn & Yahr stage II or III). Cognitive function was assessed using mini-mental status examination (MMSE). Intracranial volume (ICV) and the hippocampal volumes were manually measured using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Regional gray/white matter volume changes were analyzed using voxel-based morphometry. Results Age, ICV, volume of gray matter volume (GMV), white matter, and hippocampi did not differ among the three groups. The regional GMV of PDD was significantly decreased in the areas of right middle frontal gyrus, short insular gyri, superior temporal gyri; both precuneus compared to PDND (uncorrected P < 0.001). In the partial correlation analysis (controlled for age, sex, ICV), regional GMV of PD was positively correlated with MMSE score in the areas of short insular gyri, right circular insular sulcus, right calcarine sulcus, left superior temporal gyrus (planum porale), and left inferior precentral sulcus (uncorrected P < 0.001). Conclusion We suggest that the volume loss of hippocampus may not be a finding in developing of PDD while variation of the regional volume of the frontal, insular cortex, superior temporal gyri, and precuneus lobes may be a phenomenon of PDD.
An implementation of time-efficient respiratory-gated PET acquisition by repeated breath-holds
Authors: Skretting Arne , Revheim Mona-Elisabeth , Knudtsen Ingerid Skjei , Johnsrud Kjersti , Bogsrud Trond Velde 
Published: April 2013

Background Respiratory gating in positron emission tomography (PET) is used to improve detection of small tumors in the lower lung regions and in the liver, and to obtain a better estimate of the standardized uptake value (SUV). Purpose To develop a time-efficient method for acquisition of respiratory-gated PET/CT that would produce one single high quality image volume corresponding to a breath-hold state. Material and Methods An instrument was developed that displayed to the patient either red or green numbers, counting down from a chosen maximum to one at a rate of one dial per second. The patient was instructed to repeatedly hold the breath in moderate inspiration when red numbers were displayed and to breathe freely during display of green numbers. PET data were acquired in list mode and trigger signals were sent to the scanner and inserted into the list file each time the color of the countdown numbers switched from green to red. Data acquired during breath-holds were used to create one single image volume. Results High quality breath-hold images were obtained from 10 min data acquisition at one bed position. Improved image quality compared to standard whole-body PET was demonstrated by a significant reduction of noise (standard deviation) in regions of normal liver tissues. Conclusion The instruction to perform repeated breath-holds was well understood by patients and they cooperated satisfactorily. When the new procedure is used the duration of the data acquisition may typically be reduced by a factor of 4 compared to conventional respiratory-gated protocols where the patient breathes freely.
Cross-organizational workflow in radiology: an empirical study of the quality of shared metadata elements in Region Västra Götaland, Sweden
Authors: Lindsköld Lars , Wintell Mikael , Edgren Lars , Aspelin Peter , Lundberg Nina 
Published: April 2013

Background Challenges related to the cross-organizational access of accurate and timely information about a patient's condition has become a critical issue in healthcare. Interoperability of different local sources is necessary. Purpose To identify and present missing and semantically incorrect data elements of metadata in the radiology enterprise service that supports cross-organizational sharing of dynamic information about patients’ visits, in the Region Västra Götaland, Sweden. Material and Methods Quantitative data elements of metadata were collected yearly from the first Wednesday in March from 2006 to 2011 from the 24 in-house radiology departments in Region Västra Götaland. These radiology departments were organized into four hospital groups and three stand-alone hospitals. Included data elements of metadata were the patient name, patient ID, institutional department name, referring physician's name, and examination description. Results The majority of missing data elements of metadata was related to the institutional department name for Hospital 2, from 87% in 2007 to 25% in 2011. All data elements of metadata except the patient ID contained semantic errors. For example, for the data element “patient name”, only three names out of 3537 were semantically correct. Conclusion This study shows that the semantics of metadata elements are poorly structured and inconsistently used. Although a cross-organizational solution may technically be fully functional, semantic errors may prevent it from serving as an information infrastructure for collaboration between all departments and hospitals in the region. For interoperability, it is important that the agreed semantic models are implemented in vendor systems using the information infrastructure.
Intra-arterial interleukin-12 gene delivery combined with chemoembolization: anti-tumor effect in a rabbit hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) model
Authors: Xia Xiangwen , Li Xin , Feng Gansheng , Zheng Chuansheng , Liang Huimin , Zhou Guofeng 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundInterleukin-12 (IL-12), a cytokine naturally secreted by activated dendritic cells and monocytes/macrophages, is known as a key anti-tumor agent in many tumor models, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) models.PurposeTo evaluate the anti-tumor effect of intra-arterial IL-12 gene delivery alone and in combination with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in rabbit VX2 liver cancer model.Material and MethodsRabbits with VX2 liver tumors were randomized into four groups, eight in each group. After laparotomy and insertion of a 30-gauge needle into the proper hepatic artery, the following interventional procedure protocols were applied: 0.9% saline solution (group A, control), TACE (group B, TACE alone, lipiodol + mitomycin), intra-arterial interleukin-12 gene infusion (group C, IL-12 alone), and intra-arterial interleukin-12 gene infusion in combination with TACE (group D, IL-12 plus TACE). Growth ratio was estimated by computed tomography. To analyze apoptotic index, tumor tissues were explanted for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, 14 days after therapy.ResultsSignificant differences of the relative tumor growth ratio were observed in TACE alone group and IL-12 plus TACE group in comparison with control ( P < 0.05, ANOVA, Tukey's HSD correction) but not between IL-12 alone and control, or IL-12 plus TACE group and TACE alone group ( P > 0.05). Significant changes of the apoptotic index were observed in group D in comparison with remaining three groups ( P < 0.05). The difference between group C and group A was not significant statistically ( P > 0.05).ConclusionIntra-arterial interleukin-12 gene therapy combined with TACE has a potent anti-tumor effect in rabbit VX2 liver cancer in comparison with TACE alone.