bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptomics and Proteomics: Tools for Optimising Phytoremediation Activities
Authors: Coleman Julian O. D. , Haslam Richard P. , Downie Andrew L. 
Published: February 2015

Negligent industrial development has greatly contributed to environmental pollution through the contamination of water and soil by xenobiotic organic chemicals. Remedial strategies to deal with chemical pollution require reliable methods to identify and monitor contamination, as well as effective procedures to attenuate or to eliminate the pollutant. In the food chain, plants are ideally placed as early bio-indicators of environmental pollution as they experience and respond to environmental toxicants sooner than organisms at higher trophic levels. Furthermore, some plants are capable of detoxifying anthropogenic chemicals by metabolic transformation and could prove useful for the remediation of contaminated water and soil: so-called phytoremediation.
So far research technologies aimed at developing plants for bio-indication/bio-monitoring and for remediation have largely relied on standardised chemical and biochemical procedures to evaluate phytotoxicity, metabolic fate and persistence of organic pollutants in plants. The next stage in the evolution of these plant-based technologies is the improvement and optimisation of any innate phytoremediation activities identified in selected plants.
In general, uptake followed by metabolism and compartmentation is responsible for the detoxification of organic xenobiotics in plants. These are complex cellular systems that may be organised in well-defined pathways and are often controlled by large families of genes. In order to elucidate complex traits such as detoxification, an emerging idea is to make use of global approaches such as the new “omic” technologies to identify molecular changes in plant tissues exposed to specific organic xenobiotics. From expression profiles at the messenger RNA level, transcriptomics permit the identification of function-related gene clusters and at the protein level proteomics provide information on where, when and at what level specific proteins accumulate.
We conclude that these global approaches may be a useful way of widening screening capability to identify appropriate molecular markers that can be used to improve detoxification activity.
Chemodiversity of Surface Flavonoids in Solanaceae
Authors: Wollenweber Eckhard , Dörsam Marco , Dörr Marion , Roitman James N. , Valant-Vetschera Karin M. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Several species of Nicotiana and Solanum and further members of the Solanaceae have been examined for their exudate flavonoids. Most of the aglycones are widespread flavonols, but rare and unusual flavonols were also found, e.g. in exudates of Physalis and Solanum species. Flavones occur throughout the family, but flavanones are rare. Our data are presented in comparison to previous results. The chemodiversity of the observed structures is discussed in relation to literature reports. Morphological and systematic aspects are briefly addressed.
Cytotoxic Properties of Oligostilbenoids from the Tree Barks of Hopea dryobalanoides
Authors: Sahidin  , Hakim Euis H. , Juliawaty Lia D. , Syah Yana M. , Din Laily bin , Ghisalberti Emilio L. , Latip Jalifah , Said Ikram M. , Achmad Sjamsul A. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A new modified stilbene dimer, diptoindonesin D (1), was isolated from the acetone extract of the tree bark of Hopea dryobalanoides, together with seven known compounds, parviflorol (2), (D)-balanocarpol (3), heimiol A (4), hopeafuran (5), (+)-α-viniferin (6), vaticanol B (7) and (D)-hopeaphenol (8). Cytotoxic properties of compounds 1-8 were evaluated against murine leukemia P-388 cells. Compound 8 was found to be the most active with IC50 of 5.7 μm
3-O-β-ᴅ-Galactopyranoside of Quercetin as an Active Principle from High Altitude Podophyllum hexandrum and Evaluation of its Radioprotective Properties
Authors: Chawla Raman , Arora Rajesh , Sagar Ravinder K. , Singh Shikha , Puri Satish C. , Kumara Raj , Singh Surender , Sharma Ashok K. , Prasad Jagdish , Khan Haider A. , Sharma Rakesh Kumar , Lal Dhar Kanaya , Spiteller Michael , Qazi Ghulam Nabi 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The aqueous-ethanolic extract (AEE) of high altitude Podophyllum hexandrum has earlier been reported to render a radioprotective effect against lethal gamma radiation in in vitro model. AEE has also been reported to possess metal chelating and DNA protecting properties. The present study was undertaken to isolate and characterize the bioactive principle present in AEE and investigate its role in radiation protection. A novel molecule was found to be present in AEE and was assigned as 3-O-β-ᴅ-galactoside of quercetin by acid hydrolysis, LC-MS, LC-APCI-MS/MS and 13C NMR spectra. Various biological activities were investigated at in vitro level. The antioxidant potential of AEE in lipid and aqueous phase was determined against numerous stresses. AEE was found to be significantly (p < 0.05) protective, i.e., against Fe2+ and Cu2+-induced linoleic acid degradation, respectively. Radiationinduced lipid oxidation studies revealed that AEE maximally works at a [lignan]/0.25 kGy ratio 400 (ratio of concentration of AEE divided by the radiation dose, i.e., 0.25 kGy) and no drug-induced lipid oxidation at all concentrations tested was found. In a time-dependent study, total antioxidant activity was maximally exhibited at 1 mg/ml. The site-specific and non-site-specific deoxyribose degradation assay exhibited a dose-dependant hydroxyl scavenging potential of AEE (0.05-500 μg/ml). The anti-lipid peroxidation ability of AEE against radiation (0.25 kGy)-induced lipid peroxidation was higher in case of neural tissue homogenate as compared to kidney homogenate [activity ratio: 0.039 (brain) < 0.24 (kidney)]. The protein protection study using bovine serum albumin was also done for two time intervals (2 h and 4 h) and significant (p < 0.05) protection was observed at 500 μg/ml (> 97%). This study implies that 3-O-β-ᴅ-galactoside present in AEE renders radioprotection by protecting lipids, proteins in renal and neural model system against supra-lethal (0.25 kGy) gamma radiation.
Pyrazolopyranopyrimidines as a Class of Anti-Inflammatory Agents
Authors: Zaki Magdy E. A. , Soliman Hanan A. , Hiekal Ola A. , Rashad Aymn E. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Pyrazolopyranopyrimidines 6a-c and 8a-c were prepared from the reaction of compounds 4a-c or 7a-c with methylamine or ammonium hydroxide solutions. Treatment of compounds 6a-c or 8a-c with 2-chloroethyl methyl ether afforded their corresponding acyclonucleosides 9a-c or 10a-c, respectively, as a new class of acyclonucleosides. All prepared compounds were tested as anti-inflammatory agents and some of them revealed moderate to potent antiinflammatory activity
Derivatization Does Not Influence Antimicrobial and Antifungal Activities of Applanoxidic Acids and Sterols from Ganoderma spp.
Authors: Smania Artur , Smania Elza F. A. , Monache Franco Delle , Pizzolatti Moacir G. , Monache Giuliano Delle 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Applanoxidic acids and sterols, isolated from Ganoderma spp., were acetylated and/or methylated. The antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and the antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes of the derivatives were investigated by a microdilution method, and compared with those of the natural products. Both natural and modified compounds exhibited comparable antibacterial and antifungal activities in a range of 1.0 to > 2.0 mg/ml minimal inhibitory concentration
Effects of Fifteen Rare-Earth Metals on Ca2+ Influx in Tobacco Cells
Authors: Lin Cun , Kadono Takashi , Yoshizuka Kazuharu , Furuichi Takuya , Kawano Tomonori 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Effects of naturally existing rare-earth metals (REMs; atomic numbers, 39, 57D60, 62D71; Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu), added as chloride salts, on Ca2+ influx induced by two different stimuli, namely hypoosmotic shock and hydrogen peroxide, were examined in a suspension-cultured transgenic cell line of BY-2 tobacco cells expressing aequorin, a Ca2+-sensitive luminescent protein in cytosol. Most REM salts used here showed inhibitory effect against Ca2+ influx. Especially NdCl3, SmCl3, EuCl3, GdCl3 and TbCl3 showed the most robust inhibitory action. In contrast, LuCl3, YbCl3, ErCl3 and YCl3 were shown to be poor inhibitors of Ca2+ influx. Since REMs tested here form a sequential range of ionic radii from 86.1 to 103.2 pm and the optimal range of ionic radii required for blocking the flux of Ca2+ was determined for each stimulus. The hydrogen peroxideinduced Ca2+ influx was optimally blocked by REMs with a broad range of ionic radii (93.8D 101 pm) which is slightly smaller than or similar to that of Ca2+ (100 pm), while the hypoosmotically induced flux of Ca2+ was inhibited optimally by few REMs with a narrower range of relatively smaller ionic radii around that of Gd3+ (93.8 pm) a well known inhibitor of stretch-activated channels. Possible applications of such series of channel blockers in elucidation of plant signal transduction pathways are encouraged
Sucrose Metabolism of Perennial Ryegrass in Relation to Cold Acclimation
Authors: Bhowmik Pankaj K. , Tamura Ken-ichi , Sanada Yasuhara , Tase Kazuhiro , Yamada Toshihiko 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Sugar metabolism is one of the important factors involved in winter hardiness and since the discovery of sucrose biosynthesis, considerable advances have been made in understanding its regulation and crucial role. This investigation examined the changes in activities of sucrose metabolizing enzymes and sugar content during cold hardening of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Changes in acid invertase (AI), sucrose synthase (SS) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) along with all the three soluble sugars glucose, fructose and sucrose were measured in leaves and stem base tissue during cold acclimation. Although fructans were the predominant carbohydrate the changes in glucose, fructose and sucrose were significant. All the three soluble sugars in both leaf and stem tissues started to decrease from the first day and continued up to day 7 and thereafter started to increase until day 28. AI in the soluble fraction showed a higher activity than that in the cell wall bound fraction. In both the leaf and stem bases soluble AI activity increased during the first week and after that it started to decrease gradually. On the other hand both the SS and SPS increased gradually throughout the acclimation period. Sucrose content was negatively correlated with AI and positively correlated with SS and SPS accounting well for the relation between the substrate and enzyme activity. These results suggest that AI, SS and SPS in ryegrass are regulated by cold acclimation and play an important role in sugar accumulation and acquisition of freezing tolerance
Nickel(II) Affects Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase-Mediated DNA Repair in Normal and Cancer Cells
Authors: Wozniak Katarzyna , Czechowska Agnieszka , Blasiak Janusz 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Nickel(II) can be genotoxic, but the mechanism of its genotoxicity is not fully understood and the process of DNA repair may be considered as its potential target. We studied the effect of nickel chloride on the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-mediated repair of DNA damaged by γ-radiation and idarubicin with the alkaline comet assay in normal and cancer cells. Our results indicate that nickel chloride at very low, non-cytotoxic concentration of 1 μᴍ can affect PARP-mediated DNA repair of lesions evoked by idarubicin and γ-radiation. We also suggest that in the quiescent lymphocytes treated with γ-radiation, nickel(II) could interfere with DNA repair process independent of PARP
Spasmolytic Action of the Methanol Extract and Isojuripidine from Solanum asterophorum Mart. (Solanaceae) Leaves in Guinea-Pig Ileum
Authors: Oliveira Rita de Cassia Meneses , Lima Julianeli T. , Ribeiro Luciano A. A. , Silva Joelmir L. V. , Monteiro Fabio S. , Assis Temilce S. , Agra Maria de F. , Silva Tania M. S. , Almeida Fernanda R. C. , Silva Bagnólia A. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Solanum asterophorum Mart. (Solanaceae) is a shrub popularly known as “jurubeba-defogo” in the northeast of Brazil. In the present work, the methanol extract (SA-MeOH, 3-750 μg/mL) and isojuripidine (10-7 - 3 x 10-4 ᴍ), a steroidal alkaloid obtained from S. asterophorum Mart. leaves, inhibited phasic contractions induced by both 1 μᴍ histamine [IC50 = (225.8 ± 47.4) μg/mL and (3.5 ± 0.8) x 10-5 ᴍ] or 1μᴍ acetylcholine [IC50 = (112.5 ± 20.6) μg/mL and (2.3 ± 0.4) \ 10-5 ᴍ] in guinea-pig ileum, respectively. The extract and isojuripidine also relaxed the ileum (SA-MeOH, 1-750 μg/mL, and isojuripidine, 10-9 - 3 x 10-4 ᴍ) pre-contracted with 1 μᴍ histamine [EC50 = (101.1 ± 17.4) μg/mL and (1.2 ± 0.3) x 10-6 ᴍ] or 1 μm acetylcholine [EC50 = (136.8 ± 21.1) μg/mL and (1.9 ± 0.4) x 10-6 ᴍ] or 40 mᴍ KCl [EC50 = (149.4 d 19.5) μg/mL and (1.8 ± 0.7) x 10-6 ᴍ], respectively, in an equipotent and concentration-dependent manner. This effect is probably due to inhibition of calcium influx through voltage-operated calcium (Cav) channels. To confirm this hypothesis, we evaluated their effect on cumulative CaCl2 curves in depolarizing medium nominally without Ca2+. SA-MeOH (27, 243, 500, and 750 μg/mL) and isojuripidine (3 x 10-8, 10-6, 3 x 10-5, and 3 x 10-4 m) inhibited the contractions induced by CaCl2, in a concentrationdependent manner. The concentration-response curves to CaCl2, in the presence of SAMeOH and isojuripidine, were shifted downward in relation to a control curve in a nonparallel manner resulting in reduction of the maximum effect [Emax = (71.2 ± 9.2); (57.4 ± 9.2); (43.8 ± 3.4); (41.5 ± 2.4) and (90.6 ± 4.8); (74.7 ± 8.7); (66.4 ± 3.9); (31.3 ± 4.1)%, respectively]. SA-MeOH and isojuripidine present spasmolytic action in guinea-pig ileum due to a partially blockade of calcium influx through Cav channels.
Biotransformation of Tryptophan by Liquid Medium Culture of Psilocybe coprophila (Basidiomycetes)
Authors: Alarcón Julio , Foncea Leyla , Águila Sergio , Alderete Joel B. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Chemical reactions performed by fungi have been used as a modern tool in chemistry. In this work, we show the tryptophan biotransformation with Psilocybe coprophila on liquid culture medium. The results prove once more the versatility of fungi in performing a wide range of industrially attractive chemical reactions.
Effect of Drought Stress at Supraoptimal Temperature on Polyamine Concentrations in Transgenic Soybean with Increased Proline Levels
Authors: Simon-Sarkadi Livia , Kocsy Gábor , Várhegyi Ágnes , Galiba Gábor , Ronde Jacoba A. de 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The effect of drought stress at supraoptimal temperature on free proline and polyamine levels was compared in wild type and transgenic soybean (Glycine max cv. Ibis) plants having increased proline levels. Since glutamate and arginine are precursors of both proline and polyamines, it was assumed that the genetic manipulation of proline levels would also affect the polyamine levels. The proline and spermine concentrations increased, while the putrescine concentration generally decreased or did not change after the treatments in both genotypes. Following drought higher proline and lower spermine levels were detected in the transgenic plants compared to the wild type ones, which could be explained by the increased use of their common precursors for proline biosynthesis in the transgenic plants.
Physiological and Molecular Characterization of a Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 Mutant Lacking Histidine Kinase Slr1759 and Response Regulator Slr1760
Authors: Nodop Anke , Suzuki Iwane , Barsch Aiko , Schröder Ann-Kristin , Niehaus Karsten , Staiger Dorothee , Pistorius Elfriede K. , Michel Klaus-Peter 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The hybrid sensory histidine kinase Slr1759 of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 contains multiple sensory domains and a multi-step phosphorelay system. Immuno blot analysis provided evidence that the histidine kinase Slr1759 is associated with the cytoplasmic membrane. The gene slr1759 is part of an operon together with slr1760, encoding a response regulator. A comparative investigation was performed on Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 wild type (WT) and an insertionally inactivated slr1759-mutant (Hik14) which also lacks the transcript for the response regulator Slr1760. The mutant Hik14 grew significantly slower than WT in the early growth phase, when both were inoculated with a low cell density into BG11 medium without additional buffer and when aerated with air enriched with 2% CO2. Since the aeration with CO2-enriched air results in a decrease of the pH value in the medium, the growth experiments indicated that Hik14 is not able to adjust its metabolic activities as rapidly as WT to compensate for a larger decrease of the pH value in the medium. No significant differences in growth between Hik14 and WT were observed when cells were inoculated with a higher cell density in BG11 medium or when the BG11 medium contained 50 mm Epps-NaOH, pH 7.5, to prevent the pH drop. This Hik14 phenotype has so far only been seen under the above defined growth condition. Results of photosynthetic activity measurements as well as Northern blot-, immuno blot-, and metabolite analyses suggest that the two-component system Slr1759/Slr1760 has a function in the coordination of several metabolic activities which is in good agreement with the complex domain structure of Slr1759. The direct targets of this two-component system have so far not been identified.
Linker Histones Do Not Interact with DNA Containing a Single Interstrand Cross-Link Created by Cisplatin
Authors: Yaneva Julia N. , Paneva Elena G. , Zacharieva Siyka I. , Zlatanova Jordanka S. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
During our earlier investigations we have observed a prominent preference of the linker histone H1 for binding to a cis-platinated DNA (a synthetic fragment with global type of platination in respect to targets for cisplatin) comparing with unmodified and trans-Pt-modified DNA. In the present work we report our recent experimental results on the binding of the linker histones H1 and H5 to a cisplatin-modified synthetic DNA fragment containing a single nucleotide target d(GC/CG) for inter-platination. Surprisingly, no preferential binding of linker histones to cis-inter-platinated DNA was observed by means of the electromobilityshift assay. The same negative results were obtained with a part of the linker histone molecule suggested to be responsible for DNA-binding - its globular domain. Contrary, the data with another nuclear protein with similar DNA-binding properties as linker histones - HMGB1 - showed a strong afinity for interaction with DNA containing interstrand cross-links.
Prooxidant Cytotoxicity of Chromate in Mammalian Cells: The Opposite Roles of DT-Diaphorase and Glutathione Reductase
Authors: Nivinskas Henrikas , Nemeikaitė-Čėnienė Aušra , Marozienė Audronė , Normantienė Teresė , Čėnas Narimantas 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The geno- and cytotoxicity of chromate, an important environmental pollutant, is partly attributed to the flavoenzyme-catalyzed reduction with the concomitant formation of reactive oxygen species. The aim of this work was to characterize the role of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1, DT-diaphorase, EC 1.6.99.2) and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) in the mammalian cell cytotoxicity of chromate, which was evidenced controversially so far. The chromate reductase activity of NQO1 was higher than that of GR, but lower than that of lipoamide dehydrogenase (EC 1.6.4.3), ferredoxin:NADP+ reductase (EC 1.18.1.2), and NADPH: cytochrome P-450 reductase (EC 1.6.2.4). The reduction of chromate by NQO1 was accompanied by the formation of reactive oxygen species. The concentration of chromate for 50% survival of bovine leukemia virus-transformed lamb kidney fibroblasts (line FLK) during a 24-h incubation was (22 ± 4) μᴍ. The cytotoxicity was partly prevented by desferri- oxamine, the antioxidant N(N′-diphenyl-p-phenylene diamine and by an inhibitor of NQO1, dicumarol, and potentiated by 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-l-nitrosourea (BCNU), which inacti­vates GR. The NADPH-dependent chromate reduction by digitonin-permeabilized FLK cells was partly inhibited by dicumarol and not affected by BCNU. Taken together, these data indicate that the oxidative stress-type cytotoxicity of chromate in FLK cells may be partly attributed to its reduction by NQO1, but not by GR. The effect of BCNU on the chromate cytotoxicity may indicate that the general antioxidant action of reduced glutathione is more important than its prooxidant activities arising from the reactions with chromate.
Genotoxic Effects Induced by Fotemustine and Vinorelbine in Human Lymphocytes
Authors: Çelikler Serap , Bilaloğlu Rahmi , Aydemir Nilüfer 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro genotoxic effects of the anticancer drugs fotemustine and vinorelbine on human lymphocytes and to determine individual and sex-related responses to these drugs. Fotemustine is a DNA-alkylating drug while vinorelbine is a semi-synthetic Vinca alkaloid. The study was carried out with twenty independent healthy donors for each drug. We have tested the ability of these drugs to induce chromosome aberrations (CAs) and sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) as well as effect on the mitotic index (MI) in cultured human lymphocytes. Fotemustine was shown to induce CAs and SCEs at all concentrations tested (2, 4 and 8 μg/ml) in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally it also decreased the mitotic index in a similar dose-dependent manner. Vinorelbine had no effect on structural CAs, but it significantly increased the numerical CAs at all doses tested (0.5, 1 and 2 μg/ml). Vinorelbine also induced SCE events and increased the MI values. Two-way analyses of variance were used to compare the individual and gender-related susceptibilities to fotemustine and vinorelbine with respect to the CA, SCE and MI values. The results indicated that individuals in fotemustine treatment groups showed different genotoxic responses with respect to CA and SCE induction and additional findings indicated a gender-specific response in this group. Individuals in the vinorelbine test group also exhibited statistically significant numerical CA, SCE and MI responses to vinorelbine. A statistically significant gender-related SCE response to this drug was also evident. This study indicates that these drugs have potentially harmful effects on human health.
Biological Evaluation of Curcumin and Related Diarylheptanoids
Authors: Abas Faridah , Hui Lim Siang , Ahmad Syahida , Stanslas Johnson , Israf D. A. , Shaari Khozirah , Lajis Nordin H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Nine derivatives of three natural diarylheptanoids, curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin, were prepared. Their antioxidant, free radical scavenging, nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory and cytotoxic activities were evaluated and compared with those of the respective natural compounds. Curcumin (1), demethoxycurcumin (2), demethyldemethoxycurcumin (C3), diacetyldemethoxycurcumin (AC2) and triacetyldemethylcurcumin (AC5) exhibited higher antioxidant activity than quercetin while products from demethylation of 1 and 2 exhibited higher free radical scavenging activity. Compounds AC2 and AC5 were found to be most active in inhibiting breast cancer cells (MCF-7) proliferation with IC50 values of 6.7 and 3.6 μм, respectively. The activity of AC2 is almost doubled and of AC5 almost tripled as compared to curcumin. Their selectivity towards different cell lines is also more noticeable. Compounds AC2 and AC5 also showed increased activity against a human prostate cancer cell line (DU-145) and non-small lung cancer cell line (NCI-H460) with IC50 values of 20.4, 16.3 and 18.3, 10.7 μм, respectively.