bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and risk factors of bacterial vaginosis among pregnant women: A prospective study in Maanshan city, Anhui Province, China
Authors: Li Xiu‐De , Tong Fei , Zhang Xiu‐Jun , Pan Wei‐Jun , Chen Mao‐Lin , Wang Cheng‐Cheng , Li Xiang , Gao Guo‐Peng , Sun Liang , Sun Ye‐Huan 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to identify the incidence and risk factors of bacterial vaginosis among pregnant women.Material and MethodsProspective data from a cohort of 668 pregnant women were used to identify potential risk factors for bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy by Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsA total of 204 incident cases of bacterial vaginosis were diagnosed in 274.8 woman‐years of follow‐up. The bacterial vaginosis incidence rate was 0.74 per 1 woman‐year and median prevalence during follow‐up was 15.6%. In the adjusted model, changing underwear nearly everyday, miscarriage history, urinary tract infection during follow‐up, husbands' education level, and concurrent trichomoniasis and candidiasis remained significantly associated with bacterial vaginosis (adjusted hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval were 1.87 [1.26–2.77]; 2.96 [1.96–4.47]; 2.41 [1.05–5.49]; 0.50 [0.32–0.77]; 1.82 [1.02–3.25]; 1.88 [1.30–2.70], respectively).ConclusionBacterial vaginosis during pregnancy can be affected by many factors, and some are indirectly acting factors. Further prospective studies that include a larger sample size and more information on the development of bacterial vaginosis are needed.
Effect of the probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae on ligature‐induced periodontitis in rats
Authors: Garcia V. G. , Knoll L. R. , Longo M. , Novaes V. C. N. , Assem N. Z. , Ervolino E. , de Toledo B. E. C. , Theodoro L. H. 
Published: April 2015

Background and ObjectiveThis study assessed the effects of the local use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as monotherapy and as an adjuvant to the mechanical treatment of ligature‐induced periodontitis in rats.Material and MethodsPeriodontitis was induced in 72 rats via the installation of a ligature around the mandibular first molar. After 7 d, the ligature was removed and the rats were placed in one of the following groups: no treatment (C; n = 18); scaling and root planing (SRP; n = 18); local irrigation with probiotics (PRO; n = 18); and SRP followed by local irrigation with probiotics (SRP/PRO; n = 18). Six rats from each group were killed at 7, 15 and 30 d. The histological characteristics, alveolar bone loss (ABL) and immunolabeling of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1beta (IL‐1β), interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) and TRAP on the furcation area of the first molar were assessed.ResultsThe PRO group showed features of acceleration of the tissue‐repair process during the entire experiment. On day 15, there was less ABL in the SRP/PRO group compared with the C group. There were fewer TRAP‐positive cells in the SRP and SRP/PRO groups at 30 d. There was less immunostaining for TNF‐α in the PRO and SRP/PRO groups and less immunostaining for IL‐1β in the PRO group. However, there was more immunostaining for IL‐10 in the PRO group on day 15.ConclusionLocal use of the probiotic did not result in any adverse effects on periodontal tissues. When used as monotherapy or as an adjuvant, the probiotic was effective at controlling periodontitis in rats.
Dialect, power and politics: standard English and adolescent identities
Authors: Brady Jude 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis paper examines the official requirement for the promotion of standard English using Bourdieu's concepts of the production and reproduction of legitimate language. It explores the political drive behind the demand for this standard dialect in England and, through a survey on the views of fifty‐two 14 and 15 year olds, analyses the impact that this is having on adolescent identities in an inner‐city London school. The students perceive non‐standard English as a vehicle through which they can express their ‘true’ selves and construct a collective teenage identity. They use language to construct a division between themselves as teenagers and the adult ‘others’. Although the students do not necessarily want to use non‐standard English in the classroom, or with their teachers, educators need to consider how to afford pupils access to the ‘official language’, which grants privilege and power, without devaluing the identities which they may associate with other dialect forms. The final part of the paper explores the value of Cummin's concept of ‘transformative pedagogy’ (2002) in relation to the study of dialect with adolescents.
MHC class II‐assortative mate choice in European badgers (Meles meles)
Authors: Sin Yung Wa , Annavi Geetha , Newman Chris , Buesching Christina , Burke Terry , Macdonald David W. , Dugdale Hannah L. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe major histocompatibility complex (MHC) plays a crucial role in the immune system, and in some species, it is a target by which individuals choose mates to optimize the fitness of their offspring, potentially mediated by olfactory cues. Under the genetic compatibility hypothesis, individuals are predicted to choose mates with compatible MHC alleles, to increase the fitness of their offspring. Studies of MHC‐based mate choice in wild mammals are under‐represented currently, and few investigate more than one class of MHC genes. We investigated mate choice based on the compatibility of MHC class I and II genes in a wild population of European badgers (Meles meles). We also investigated mate choice based on microsatellite‐derived pairwise relatedness, to attempt to distinguish MHC‐specific effects from genomewide effects. We found MHC‐assortative mating, based on MHC class II, but not class I genes. Parent pairs had smaller MHC class II DRB amino acid distances and smaller functional distances than expected from random pairings. When we separated the analyses into within‐group and neighbouring‐group parent pairs, only neighbouring‐group pairs showed MHC‐assortative mating, due to similarity at MHC class II loci. Our randomizations showed no evidence of genomewide‐based inbreeding, based on 35 microsatellite loci; MHC class II similarity was therefore the apparent target of mate choice. We propose that MHC‐assortative mate choice may be a local adaptation to endemic pathogens, and this assortative mate choice may have contributed to the low MHC genetic diversity in this population.
Influencing factors on the cord‐blood donation of post‐partum women
Authors: Kim Miok , Han Seungchul , Shin Minho 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis study aims to identify the factors on the cord‐blood donation of Korean post‐partum women, who may store, donate, or discard their infant's cord blood. This descriptive research assesses the level of knowledge and attitude of post‐partum women in Korea, regarding cord blood and its usage. The participants in this study were 320 post‐partum women of which 109 stored, 34 donated, and 177 discarded their cord blood. The knowledge level of women who donated or stored their cord blood was higher than that of those who discarded. The attitude level of the women who donated was higher than that of those who stored or discarded. Knowledge, attitude, income, and source of information were the factors on the cord‐blood donation; high knowledge, high attitude, low income, and information source from mass media contributes to cord‐blood donation. In order to promote the cord‐blood donation, it is necessary to develop guidelines for cord‐blood education to improve the knowledge and attitudes of child‐bearing women and healthcare professionals.
Complementarity in nutrient foraging strategies of absorptive fine roots and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi across 14 coexisting subtropical tree species
Authors: Liu Bitao , Li Hongbo , Zhu Biao , Koide Roger T. , Eissenstat David M. , Guo Dali 
Published: April 2015

Summary

In most cases, both roots and mycorrhizal fungi are needed for plant nutrient foraging. Frequently, the colonization of roots by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi seems to be greater in species with thick and sparsely branched roots than in species with thin and densely branched roots. Yet, whether a complementarity exists between roots and mycorrhizal fungi across these two types of root system remains unclear.

We measured traits related to nutrient foraging (root morphology, architecture and proliferation, AM colonization and extramatrical hyphal length) across 14 coexisting AM subtropical tree species following root pruning and nutrient addition treatments.

After root pruning, species with thinner roots showed more root growth, but lower mycorrhizal colonization, than species with thicker roots. Under multi‐nutrient (NPK) addition, root growth increased, but mycorrhizal colonization decreased significantly, whereas no significant changes were found under nitrogen or phosphate additions. Moreover, root length proliferation was mainly achieved by altering root architecture, but not root morphology.

Thin‐root species seem to forage nutrients mainly via roots, whereas thick‐root species rely more on mycorrhizal fungi. In addition, the reliance on mycorrhizal fungi was reduced by nutrient additions across all species. These findings highlight complementary strategies for nutrient foraging across coexisting species with contrasting root traits.
Vitamin D Deficiency After Oral Retinoid Therapy for Ichthyosis
Authors: Neema Shekhar , Mukherjee Sweta , Vasudevan Biju , Verma Rajesh , Moorchung Nikhil , Chatterjee Manas 
Published: April 2015

AbstractOral retinoids are being increasingly used to treat ichthyotic disorders in children. We report on two children with ichthyotic disorders who developed unusual manifestations after they were started on oral retinoids. The first case is a 10‐year‐old girl with nonbullous ichthyosiform erythroderma and the second is a 2‐year‐old girl with lamellar ichthyosis. The child with ichthyosiform erythroderma developed features of rickets within months of initiation of systemic retinoids. Her baseline examination before initiation of oral retinoids was normal. The second patient with lamellar ichthyosis was found to have low vitamin D levels after 6 months of retinoid therapy, and prompt supplementation reversed the levels in 2 months. These cases are being reported to bring attention to the probable need for initiation of vitamin D supplementation with systemic retinoid therapy in ichthyotic disorders in children.
Presenile onset of spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 presenting with conspicuous psychiatric symptoms and widespread anti‐expanded polyglutamine antibody‐ and fused in sarcoma antibody‐immunopositive pathology
Authors: Iwasaki Yasushi , Mori Keiko , Ito Masumi , Mimuro Maya , Yoshida Mari 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA 50‐year‐old Japanese man showed slowly progressive gait disturbance and dysarthria. Neurological examination 5 years after onset revealed slow eye movement with nystagmus as well as limb and truncal ataxia. Magnetic resonance imaging showed atrophy of the cerebellum and brainstem. Because genetic examination revealed CAG repeat expansion of the ataxin‐1 gene, the patient was diagnosed with spinocerebellar ataxia type 1. Ten years after onset, he showed psychiatric symptoms with cognitive impairment, and antipsychotic drugs were administered. As psychiatric symptoms gradually worsened, particularly with regard to resisting nursing care and shouting, the doses of the drugs were increased. Although the clinicopathologic findings were generally identical to previously reported spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 cases with the exception of the conspicuous psychiatric symptoms, there are two notable immunohistochemical findings. Firstly, numerous anti‐expanded polyglutamine antibody‐immunopositive neuronal inclusions were extensively observed, including in the cerebral cortex and limbic system, but not in the Purkinje cells. Secondly, anti‐fused in sarcoma antibody‐immunopositive intranuclear inclusions were extensively observed. We posit that the anti‐expanded polyglutamine antibody‐immunopositive neuronal inclusions and possibly the anti‐fused in sarcoma antibody‐immunopositive inclusions, particularly those in the neocortex and limbic system, may correspond to the psychiatric symptoms and cognitive impairment that were observed in the patient.
Hypochondriasis as an early manifestation of dementia with Lewy bodies: an autopsied case report
Authors: Fujishiro Hiroshige , Iritani Shuji , Sekiguchi Hirotaka , Habuchi Chikako , Torii Youta , Matsunaga Shinji , Ozaki Norio , Yoshida Mari , Fujita Kiyoshi 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDiscrepancies between clinical and pathological diagnoses of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) may occur because the full disease progression remains unclear, especially during the early stage. Herein, we report the case of a 78‐year‐old Japanese man with hypochondriasis who had autopsy‐confirmed limbic‐type DLB pathology. He exhibited no core clinical features of DLB. We attempted to identify the clinicopathological correlations in the early stages of DLB. At the age of 77, he became hypochondriacal and exhibited progressive cognitive decline after the death of his wife. He was concerned about his poor physical condition, but hospital examinations did not identify any overtly abnormal findings. At 78 years of age, he consulted a neurologist with complaints of facial numbness and irritability. Neurological examination revealed no overt abnormality, and he scored 21 points on the Mini‐Mental State Examination. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed mild bilateral ventricular enlargement. The patient was clinically diagnosed as having possible Alzheimer's disease. Approximately 1 month after his consult, he died of acute pneumonia in a psychiatric hospital to which he had been admitted for severe aggressive behaviour. He exhibited no core clinical features pointing towards a clinical diagnosis of DLB. Neuropathological investigation revealed limbic‐type Lewy body disease with concurrent minimum Alzheimer‐type pathology, which corresponds to high‐likelihood DLB pathology based on the Third Consortium DLB pathological criteria. The patient had minimum nigral degeneration, which is consistent with the absence of parkinsonism. This autopsied case suggests that some DLB patients exhibit hypochondriasis in the early stage of the disease, even if they lack the core clinical features of DLB.
Nitrous oxide emissions from dairy farm effluent applied to a New Zealand pasture soil
Authors: Li J. , Luo J. , Shi Y. , Lindsey S. , Houlbrooke D. , Ledgard S. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA field experiment on permanent ryegrass–white clover pasture at AgResearch's Ruakura dairy farm near Hamilton, New Zealand quantified nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from different types of dairy effluent applied to soil at three seasons and evaluated the potential of dicyandiamide (DCD) (a nitrification inhibitor) to decrease gaseous N2O emissions. Fresh or stored manure and farm dairy effluent (FDE; from dairy shed washings), with or without DCD (10 kg/ha), were applied at approximately 100 kg N/ha to plots on a well‐drained soil on volcanic parent material. A field chamber technique was used to measure N2O emissions. Application of manure or FDE, both in fresh and stored forms, to pasture generally increased N2O emissions. Overall N2O emission factors (EF) varied between 0.01% and 1.87%, depending on application season and effluent type. EFs in spring and autumn were greater than those in summer (P < 0.05). Among the effluents, N2O EFs were largest from fresh FDE (1.65%) during the spring measurement period, stored manure (1.87%) during the autumn and stored FDE (0.25%) during the summer. DCD was effective in decreasing N2O EFs from fresh FDE, fresh manure, stored FDE and stored manure by 40–80%, 69–76%, 24–84% and 60–70%, respectively. DCD reduced N2O emissions during the spring and autumn seasons more effectively than in the summer season.
ArtMaps: A Technology for Looking at Tate’s Collection
Authors: Giannachi Gabriella , Sinker Rebecca , Stack John , Locatelli Cristina , Carletti Laura , Price Dominic , McAuley Derek , Coughlan Tim , Benford Steve 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
This article presents ArtMaps, a crowdsourcing web-based app for desktop and mobile use that allows users to locate, move and annotate artworks in the Tate collection in relation to one or more sets of locations. Here the authors show that ArtMaps extends the “space” of the museum and facilitates a new pluriperspectival way of looking at art.
Mere Exposure and Aesthetic Realism: A Response to Bence Nanay
Authors: Cutting James E. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
Where does the quality of an artwork reside? Is it in the work or in the perceiver and her culture? Belief in the former can be called aesthetic realism, the latter aesthetic antirealism. Nanay suggests that Cutting is an antirealist because he has found that multiple brief exposures to an artwork enhance viewers’ judgments of it. In fact, Cutting is agnostic on the distinction, but as a scientist is unable to discern how quality might be objectively measured in art.
Long-term survival following autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantation for blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm
Authors: Aoki Tomohiro , Suzuki Ritsuro , Kuwatsuka Yachiyo , Kako Shinichi , Fujimoto Katsuya , Taguchi Jun , Kondo Tadakazu , Ohata Kinya , Ito Toshiro , Kamoda Yoshimasa , Fukuda Takahiro , Ichinohe Tatsuo , Takeuchi Kengo , Izutsu Koji , Suzumiya Junji 
Published: April 2015

Key Points
Auto-HSCT in CR1 provides long-term remission in BPDCN patients. RIC allo-HSCT and MAC allo-HSCT results are comparable.
Omega-3 fatty acids for breast cancer prevention and survivorship
Authors: Fabian Carol J , Kimler Bruce F , Hursting Stephen D 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWomen with evidence of high intake ratios of the marine omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) relative to the omega-6 arachidonic acid have been found to have a reduced risk of breast cancer compared with those with low ratios in some but not all case–control and cohort studies. If increasing EPA and DHA relative to arachidonic acid is effective in reducing breast cancer risk, likely mechanisms include reduction in proinflammatory lipid derivatives, inhibition of nuclear factor-κB-induced cytokine production, and decreased growth factor receptor signaling as a result of alteration in membrane lipid rafts. Primary prevention trials with either risk biomarkers or cancer incidence as endpoints are underway but final results of these trials are currently unavailable. EPA and DHA supplementation is also being explored in an effort to help prevent or alleviate common problems after a breast cancer diagnosis, including cardiac and cognitive dysfunction and chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. The insulin-sensitizing and anabolic properties of EPA and DHA also suggest supplementation studies to determine whether these omega-3 fatty acids might reduce chemotherapy-associated loss of muscle mass and weight gain. We will briefly review relevant omega-3 fatty acid metabolism, and early investigations in breast cancer prevention and survivorship.
Investor Sentiment, Beta, and the Cost of Equity Capital
Authors: Antoniou Constantinos , Doukas John A. , Subrahmanyam Avanidhar 
Published: April 2015

The security market line accords with the capital asset pricing model by taking on an upward slope in pessimistic sentiment periods, but is downward sloping during optimistic periods. We hypothesize that this finding obtains because periods of optimism attract equity investment by unsophisticated, overconfident, traders in risky opportunities (high beta stocks), whereas such traders stay along the sidelines during pessimistic periods. Thus, high beta stocks become overpriced in optimistic periods, but during pessimistic periods, noise trading is reduced, so that traditional beta pricing prevails. Unconditional on sentiment, these effects offset each other. Although rational explanations cannot completely be ruled out, analyses using earnings expectations, fund flows, the probability of informed trading, and order imbalances do provide evidence that noise traders are more bullish about high beta stocks when sentiment is optimistic, whereas investor behavior appears to accord more closely with rationality during pessimistic periods, supporting our hypothesis. This paper was accepted by Wei Jiang, Finance.
Soil and plants contamination with selected heavy metals in the area of a railway junction / Zanieczyszczenie gleby i roślin wybranymi metalami ciężkimi na terenie węzła kolejowego
Authors: Staszewski Tomasz , Malawska Małgorzata , Studnik-Wójcikowska Barbara , Galera Halina , Wiłkomirski Bogusław 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Heavy metal (As, Mn, Ni, Sn, Ti) concentrations were determined in soil and plant samples collected in different areas of the railway junction Iława Główna, Poland. Soil and plant samples were collected in four functional parts of the junction, i.e. the loading ramp, main track within the platform area, rolling stock cleaning bay and the railway siding. Four plant species occurring in relatively higher abundance were selected for heavy metals analysis, although in the loading ramp and platform areas only one species could be collected in the amount which makes chemical analysis possible. The selected species included three perennials (Daucus carota, Pastinaca sativa and Taraxacum officinale) and one annual plant (Sonchus oleraceus).
The entire area of the railway junction showed elevated concentrations of heavy metals when compared to the control level. It was most pronounced for the platform area and railway siding. The concentration of arsenic, manganese and nickel in plants growing in these parts of the junction exceeded the toxic level. The highest contamination of soil and plants found in the platform area suggested advanced emission process of the analyzed metals from wheel and track abrasion. Literature review showed that the concentration of the investigated metals in soil was generally higher than that found in centers of cities and along traffic roads proving that the railway is an important linear source of soil contamination
Coal fly ash supported nZnO for the sorption of triphenyltin chloride/
Authors: Ayanda Olushola S. , Fatoki Olalekan S. , Adekola Folahan A. , Ximba Bhekumusa J. , Akinsoji Olatunbosun S. , Petrik Leslie F. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
A laboratory study was performed to study the effects of various operating factors, viz. adsorbent dose, contact time, solution pH, stirring speed, initial concentration and temperature on the adsorption of triphenyltin chloride (TPT) onto coal fly ash supported nZnO (CFAZ). The adsorption capacity increases with increase in the adsorbent amount, contact time, pH, stirring speed and initial TPT concentration, and decrease with increase in the solution temperature. The adsorption data have been analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) adsorption models to determine the mechanistic parameters associated with the adsorption process while the kinetic data were analyzed by pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order, Elovich, fractional power and intraparticle diffusivity kinetic models. The thermodynamic parameters of the process were also determined. The results of this study show that 0.5 g of CFAZ was able to remove up to 99.60% of TPT from contaminated natural seawater at 60 min contact time, stirring speed of 200 rpm and at a pH of 8. It was also found that the equilibrium and kinetic data fitted better to Freundlich and pseudo second-order models, respectively. It can therefore be concluded that CFAZ can be effectively used for shipyard process wastewater treatment