bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using multilevel models to identify drivers of landscape‐genetic structure among management areas
Authors: Dudaniec Rachael Y. , Rhodes Jonathan R. , Worthington Wilmer Jessica , Lyons Mitchell , Lee Kristen E. , McAlpine Clive A. , Carrick Frank N. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractLandscape genetics offers a powerful approach to understanding species' dispersal patterns. However, a central obstacle is to account for ecological processes operating at multiple spatial scales, while keeping research outcomes applicable to conservation management. We address this challenge by applying a novel multilevel regression approach to model landscape drivers of genetic structure at both the resolution of individuals and at a spatial resolution relevant to management (i.e. local government management areas:LGAs) for the koala (Phascolartos cinereus) in Australia. Our approach allows for the simultaneous incorporation of drivers of landscape‐genetic relationships operating at multiple spatial resolutions. Using microsatellite data for 1106 koalas, we show that, at the individual resolution, foliage projective cover (FPC) facilitates high gene flow (i.e. low resistance) until it falls below approximately 30%. Out of six additional land‐cover variables, only highways and freeways further explained genetic distance after accounting for the effect ofFPC. At theLGAresolution, there was significant variation in isolation‐by‐resistance (IBR) relationships in terms of their slopes and intercepts. This was predominantly explained by the average resistance distance amongLGAs, with a weaker effect of historical forest cover. Rates of recent landscape change did not further explain variation inIBRrelationships amongLGAs. By using a novel multilevel model, we disentangle the effect of landscape resistance on gene flow at the fine resolution (i.e. among individuals) from effects occurring at coarser resolutions (i.e. amongLGAs). This has important implications for our ability to identify appropriate scale‐dependent management actions.
Estimation of population allele frequencies from next‐generation sequencing data: pool‐versus individual‐based genotyping
Authors: Gautier Mathieu , Foucaud Julien , Gharbi Karim , Cézard Timothée , Galan Maxime , Loiseau Anne , Thomson Marian , Pudlo Pierre , Kerdelhué Carole , Estoup Arnaud 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMolecular markers produced by next‐generation sequencing (NGS) technologies are revolutionizing genetic research. However, the costs of analysing large numbers of individual genomes remain prohibitive for most population genetics studies. Here, we present results based on mathematical derivations showing that, under many realistic experimental designs, NGS of DNA pools from diploid individuals allows to estimate the allele frequencies at single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with at least the same accuracy as individual‐based analyses, for considerably lower library construction and sequencing efforts. These findings remain true when taking into account the possibility of substantially unequal contributions of each individual to the final pool of sequence reads. We propose the intuitive notion of effective pool size to account for unequal pooling and derive a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate this parameter directly from the data. We provide a user‐friendly application assessing the accuracy of allele frequency estimation from both pool‐ and individual‐based NGS population data under various sampling, sequencing depth and experimental error designs. We illustrate our findings with theoretical examples and real data sets corresponding to SNP loci obtained using restriction site–associated DNA (RAD) sequencing in pool‐ and individual‐based experiments carried out on the same population of the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa). NGS of DNA pools might not be optimal for all types of studies but provides a cost‐effective approach for estimating allele frequencies for very large numbers of SNPs. It thus allows comparison of genome‐wide patterns of genetic variation for large numbers of individuals in multiple populations.
Low levels of genetic differentiation characterize Australian humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) populations
Authors: Schmitt Natalie T. , Double Michael C. , Jarman Simon N. , Gales Nick , Marthick James R. , Polanowski Andrea M. , Scott Baker C. , Steel Debbie , Jenner K. Curt S. , Jenner Micheline‐N. M. , Gales Rosemary , Paton David , Peakall Rod 
Published: June 2013

AbstractHumpback whales undertake long‐distance seasonal migrations between low latitude winter breeding grounds and high latitude summer feeding grounds. We report the first in‐depth population genetic study of the humpback whales that migrate to separate winter breeding grounds along the northwestern and northeastern coasts of Australia, but overlap on summer feeding grounds around Antarctica. Weak but significant differentiation between eastern and western Australia was detected across ten microsatellite loci (FST = 0.005, P = 0.001; DEST = 0.031, P = 0.001, n = 364) and mitochondrial control region sequences (FST = 0.017 and ΦST = 0.069, P = 0.001, n = 364). Bayesian clustering analyses using microsatellite data could not resolve any population structure unless sampling location was provided as a prior. This study supports the emerging evidence that weak genetic differentiation is characteristic among neighboring Southern Hemisphere humpback whale breeding populations. This may be a consequence of relatively high gene flow facilitated by overlapping summer feeding areas in Antarctic waters.
Our Cosmic Insignificance
Authors: Kahane Guy 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe universe that surrounds us is vast, and we are so very small. When we reflect on the vastness of the universe, our humdrum cosmic location, and the inevitable future demise of humanity, our lives can seem utterly insignificant. Many philosophers assume that such worries about our significance reflect a banal metaethical confusion. They dismiss the very idea of cosmic significance. This, I argue, is a mistake. Worries about cosmic insignificance do not express metaethical worries about objectivity or nihilism, and we can make good sense of the idea of cosmic significance and its absence. It is also possible to explain why the vastness of the universe can make us feel insignificant. This impression does turn out to be mistaken, but not for the reasons typically assumed. In fact, we might be of immense cosmic significance—though we cannot, at this point, tell whether this is the case.
If This Is My Body … : A Defence of the Doctrine of Doing and Allowing
Authors: Woollard Fiona 
Published: June 2013

AbstractI defend theDoctrine ofDoing andAllowing: the claim that doing harm is harder to justify than merely allowing harm. A thing does not genuinely belong to a person unless he has special authority over it. TheDoctrine ofDoing andAllowing protects us against harmful imposition – against the actions or needs of another intruding on what is ours. This protection is necessary for something to genuinely belong to a person. The opponent of theDoctrine must claim that nothing genuinely belongs to a person, even his own body.
The impact of environmental stress on male reproductive development in plants: biological processes and molecular mechanisms
Authors: DE STORME NICO , GEELEN DANNY 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn plants, male reproductive development is extremely sensitive to adverse climatic environments and (a)biotic stress. Upon exposure to stress, male gametophytic organs often show morphological, structural and metabolic alterations that typically lead to meiotic defects or premature spore abortion and male reproductive sterility. Depending on the type of stress involved (e.g. heat, cold, drought) and the duration of stress exposure, the underlying cellular defect is highly variable and either involves cytoskeletal alterations, tapetal irregularities, altered sugar utilization, aberrations in auxin metabolism, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS; oxidative stress) or the ectopic induction of programmed cell death (PCD). In this review, we present the critically stress‐sensitive stages of male sporogenesis (meiosis) and male gametogenesis (microspore development), and discuss the corresponding biological processes involved and the resulting alterations in male reproduction. In addition, this review also provides insights into the molecular and/or hormonal regulation of the environmental stress sensitivity of male reproduction and outlines putative interaction(s) between the different processes involved.
Post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorders and other malignancies after pediatric intestinal transplantation: Incidence, clinical features and outcome
Authors: Ramos Esther , Hernández Francisco , Andres Ane , Martínez‐Ojinaga Eva , Molina Manuel , Sarría Jesús , Lopez‐Santamaria Manuel , Prieto Gerardo 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPTLDs are a well‐recognized and potentially fatal complication after intestinal transplantation. We analyzed the incidence, clinical features, and outcome in a 63 intestinal transplantation series performed in our unit between October 1999 and July 2011. Types of graft included ISB (n = 23), LSB (n = 20), and MV (n = 20). Patients were categorized into three groups of immunosuppression: I (n = 43) received basiliximab, tacrolimus, and steroids; II (n = 11) thymoglobulin and tacrolimus, and III (n = 9) alemtuzumab and tacrolimus. EBV status was serially assessed. All PTLD cases were biopsied to establish histopathological diagnosis. The incidence of PTLD was 14.2% (9/63). Median onset of PTLD after transplant was four months (range: 0.5–28), within first postoperative year in 6 (66.6%) patients. Fever was the most common symptom. Graft removal was needed in four patients (44%). The patient survival rate was 66.6% (6/9). We have not found any association between PTLD and immunosuppression regimen or transplant type. However, there was a statistical association with EBV active infection.
Kidney transplantation in children weighing less than 15 kg: Extraperitoneal surgical access–experience with 62 cases
Authors: Vitola S. P. , Gnatta D. , Garcia V. D. , Garcia C. D. , Bittencourt V. B. , Keitel E. , Pires F. S. , D'Avila A. R. , Silva J. G. , Amaral R. L. , Santos L. N. , Kruel C. D. P. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSmall children are a challenging group in whom to perform KT. This retrospective study analyzed the results of 62 KTs in children weighing <15 kg, performed between 1998 and 2010, using extraperitoneal access and anastomosis of the renal vessels of donors to the aorta and IVC or iliac vessels of the recipients. Thirty‐two (51.6%) grafts were LRDTs and 30 (48.4%) were DDRTs—28 of them pediatric. The mean age at KT was 3.7 ± 2.2 yr (1–12), and the mean weight was 12.3 ± 2.1 kg (5.6–14.9). Ten children weighed <10 kg, and five (8.1%) children presented previous thrombosis of the venous system. At one and five yr, patient survival was 93.2% and 84.2%, and graft survival was 85.2% and 72.7%. There were no differences between the rates for LRDT and DDRT. There were six vascular complications (four vascular thromboses, one laceration, and one renal artery stenosis) and two perirenal collections. Extraperitoneal access is a valid KT technique in children weighing <15 kg.
Plant cell gravisensitivity and adaptation to microgravity
Authors: Kordyum E. L. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA short overview on the effects of real and simulated microgravity on certain cell components and processes, including new information obtained recently, is presented. Attention is focused on the influence of real and simulated microgravity on plant cells that are not specialised to gravity perception and on seed formation. The paper considers the possibility of full adaptation of plants to microgravity, and suggests some questions for future plant research in order to make decisions on fundamental and applied problems of plant space biology.
Personal Identity Processes from Adolescence Through the Late 20s: Age Trends, Functionality, and Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Luyckx Koen , Klimstra Theo A. , Duriez Bart , Van Petegem Stijn , Beyers Wim 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPersonal identity formation constitutes a crucial developmental task during the teens and 20s. Using a recently developed five‐dimensional identity model, this cross‐sectional study (N = 5834) investigated age trends from ages 14 to 30 for different commitment and exploration processes. As expected, results indicated that, despite some fluctuations over time, commitment processes tended to increase in a linear fashion. Exploration in breadth and exploration in depth were characterized by quadratic trends, with the highest levels occurring in emerging adulthood. Further, the functionality of these identity processes, and especially of exploration, changed over time. Exploration in breadth and exploration in depth were strongly related to commitment processes especially in adolescence and emerging adulthood, but these exploration processes became increasingly associated with ruminative exploration and depressive symptoms in the late 20s. Theoretical implications and suggestions for future research are outlined.
The rise of the diptera‐microbial mat interactions during the Cenozoic: consequences for the sedimentary record of saline lakes
Authors: Esther Sanz‐Montero M. , Calvo José‐Pedro , Angeles García del Cura M. , Ornosa Concepción , Outerelo Raimundo , Pablo Rodríguez‐Aranda J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractShoreline gypsiferous sediments of an inland lake in central Spain furnishes valuable insight into reconstructions of early sedimentary changes related to shore fly–microbial mat interactions in fossil gypsum precipitating saline lake systems. The association of adult and larval forms of Ephydra (Diptera) with microbial matgrounds overlying the lake margin results in the formation of gypsiferous meniscate back‐filled burrows that provide an analogue for recurring, extensively developed trace fossils that occur in Cenozoic, but not older, lacustrine gypsum rocks. In this setting, sediment burrowing by ephydridae hinders significant preservation of microbialites. The overwhelming rise of Diptera at the onset of the Cenozoic resulted in extensive feeding and dwelling activity and contributed to reshape the saline aquatic habitat where microbial mats thrived, thus leading to the formation of specific trace fossils that are illustrative of the existence of microbes in the paleoenvironment.
Tufa and travertines of southern Italy: deep‐seated, fault‐relatedCO2as the key control in precipitation
Authors: Ascione Alessandra , Iannace Alessandro , Imbriale Pamela , Santangelo Nicoletta , Santo Antonio 
Published: June 2013

AbstractContinental carbonates of Quaternary age in southern Italy commonly exhibit the facies of calcareous tufa, often reported as related to shallow aquifers fed by meteoric waters and to organic processes. A close spatial relationship exists between the mappable tufa deposits and major Quaternary extensional faults. With respect to the Ca‐Mg‐HCO3composition of limestone aquifers’ springs, tufa‐depositing springs exhibit higher salinity and alkalinity, are slightly warmer, have lowerpHand are enriched inSO4andCO2. Their δ13C values are systematically positive and compatible with a deep‐seated carbon source. A clear input of soil‐derived organic carbon is indicated only for small, non‐mappable tufas deposited by perched springs. The dataset indicates that the large tufa deposits owe their origin to a supplementary source of CO2advected by degassing through active faults, as a necessary prerequisite for inducing a rise of total dissolved salts and alkalinity. Meteoric waters that have come from a shallow aquifer are able to precipitate only limited amount of carbonates.
Candida peritonitis in dogs: report of 5 cases
Authors: Bradford Katy , Meinkoth Jim , McKeirnen Kelci , Love Brenda 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCandida peritonitis is reported in people and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality compared with sterile or bacterial peritonitis. Recognized predisposing risk factors include peritoneal dialysis, hollow viscous organ perforation, abdominal surgery, inflamed intestinal mucosa, antimicrobial administration, and immunosuppression. In this report, we describe 5 cases of dogs with peritonitis complicated by Candida spp; 3 dogs with C albicans, one dog with C albicans and C glabrata, and one dog with C glabrata only. The 3 dogs with C albicans peritonitis presented with duodenal perforation due to NSAID therapy, intestinal resection and anastomosis following postspay‐surgery dehiscence, and intestinal foreign body removal. The 2 dogs with C glabrata peritonitis had undergone cholecystectomy due to gall bladder rupture and dehiscence of intestinal biopsy removal sites following exploratory laparatomy. In all cases, initial diagnosis of fungal peritonitis was made via cytologic examination of peritoneal effusions, which revealed marked pyogranulomatous inflammation with numerous 3–8 μm oval, deeply basophilic yeast organisms with thin clear capsules noted within phagocytes and extracellularly. In addition, germ tube formation, hyphae, and pseudohyphae were rarely seen in some of the cases with pure C albicans. Identity of the organisms was determined by culture in all cases and confirmed by PCR in 3 cases. Candida spp. are commensals normally inhabiting the alimentary, the upper respiratory, and the lower urogenital tracts of mammals. They are opportunistic pathogens that can invade and colonize tissue when a patient is immune‐compromised or there is disruption of the mucosal barrier. Candida peritonitis should be considered in patients with peritoneal contamination with gastrointestinal or biliary contents.
Cardiovascular responses to ATP microinjected into the paraventricular nucleus are mediated by nitric oxide and NMDA glutamate receptors in awake rats
Authors: Busnardo Cristiane , Ferreira‐Junior Nilson C. , Cruz Josiane C. , Machado Benedito H. , Correa Fernando M. A. , Resstel Leonardo B. M. 
Published: June 2013

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?The hypothesis that nitric oxide and NMDA glutamate receptor activation modulate cardiovascular responses to the microinjection of methyl ATP into the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) was tested in the present study.
What is the main finding and its importance?The cardiovascular responses that are evoked by the microinjection of methyl ATP into the PVN involve NO production that promotes glutamate release and a subsequent activation of NMDA glutamate receptors in postsynaptic pre‐autonomic neurons, modulating sympathetic nerve activity. Data show new insights into the role of the ATP–NO–glutamate pathway in the PVN in cardiovascular modulation.
We hypothesize that a local ATP–NO–NMDA glutamate receptor interaction in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) modulates the baseline mean arterial pressure and heart rate in unanaesthetized rats. The microinjection of α,β‐methylene ATP [methyl ATP; 0.06, 0.12 and 1.2 nmol (100 nl)−1] into the PVN caused pressor and tachycardiac responses. Cardiovascular responses evoked by methyl ATP [0.12 nmol (100 nl)−1] in the PVN were blocked by pretreatment with the ganglion blocker pentolinium (5 mg kg−1 i.v.). Also, responses to the injection of methyl ATP [0.12 nmol (100 nl)−1] into the PVN were reduced by pretreatment with the selective P2 purinergic receptor antagonist pyridoxalphosphate‐6‐azophenyl‐2′,4′‐disulfonic acid [0.5 nmol (100 nl)−1], the neuronal NO synthase inhibitor Nω‐propyl‐l‐arginine [0.04 nmol (100 nl)−1] or the selective NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist LY235959 [2 nmol (100 nl)−1]. In addition, an injection of the NO donor sodium nitroprusside [27 nmol (100 nl)−1] into the PVN caused similar cardiovascular responses to those observed after methyl ATP, which were blocked by local pretreatment with LY235959. Therefore, the present results suggest that cardiovascular responses evoked by methyl ATP in the PVN involve a local production of NO, which promotes local glutamate release and activation of NMDA receptors that are probably located in pre‐autonomic parvocellular neurons, leading to sympathetic nervous system stimulation.
Oxidative stress disrupts purinergic neuromuscular transmission in the inflamed colon
Authors: Roberts Jane A. , Durnin Leonie , Sharkey Keith A. , Mutafova‐Yambolieva Violeta N. , Mawe Gary M. 
Published: June 2013

Key points
Colitis is associated with an attenuation of purinergic inhibitory neuromuscular transmission.
In this study we tested the hypothesis that purine release is disrupted due to an effect of oxidative stress on mitochondrial purine synthesis.
Stimulus‐induced release of purines was decreased in inflamed colons.
Disruption of mitochondrial purine synthesis, or induction of oxidative stress, mimicked the effects of inflammation on purinergic neuromuscular transmission.
Treatment of animals with a free radical scavenger resulted in a protection of the purinergic neuromuscular transmission.
Treatment with a free radical scavenger also resulted in an improvement of propulsive motility in inflamed colons.
Abstract  Colitis, induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) in guinea pig, leads to decreased purinergic neuromuscular transmission resulting in a reduction in inhibitory junction potentials (IJPs) in colonic circular muscle. We explored possible mechanisms responsible for this inflammation‐induced neurotransmitter plasticity. Previous studies have suggested that the deficit in inflamed tissue involves decreased ATP release. We therefore hypothesized that decreased purinergic transmission results from inflammation‐induced free radical damage to mitochondria, leading to decreased purine synthesis and release. Stimulus‐induced release of purines was measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography, and quantities of all purines measured were significantly reduced in the inflamed colons as compared to controls. To test whether decreased mitochondrial function affects the IJP, colonic muscularis preparations were treated with the mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitors oligomycin or dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, which resulted in a significant reduction of IJP amplitude. Induction of oxidative stress in vitro, by addition of H2O2 to the preparation, also significantly reduced IJP amplitude. Purinergic neuromuscular transmission was significantly restored in TNBS‐inflamed guinea pigs, and in dextran sodium sulfate‐inflamed mice, treated with a free radical scavenger. Furthermore, propulsive motility in the distal colons of guinea pigs with TNBS colitis was improved by in vivo treatment with the free radical scavenger. We conclude that oxidative stress contributes to the reduction in purinergic neuromuscular transmission measured in animal models of colitis, and that these changes can be prevented by treatment with a free radical scavenger, resulting in improved motility.