bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A convex optimization approach to adaptive stabilization of discrete‐time LTI systems with polytopic uncertainties
Authors: Lee Dong Hwan , Joo Young Hoon , Tak Myung Hwan 
Published: November 2014

SummaryThis paper suggests a simple convex optimization approach to state‐feedback adaptive stabilization problem for a class of discrete‐time LTI systems subject to polytopic uncertainties. The proposed method relies on estimating the uncertain parameters by solving an online optimization at each time step, such as a linear or quadratic programming, and then, on tuning the control law with that information, which can be conceptually viewed as a kind of gain‐scheduling or indirect adaptive control. Specifically, an admissible domain of stabilizing state‐feedback gain matrices is designed offline by means of linear matrix inequality problems, and based on the online estimation of the uncertain parameters, the state‐feedback gain matrix is calculated over the set of stabilizing feedback gains. The proposed stabilization algorithm guarantees the asymptotic stability of the overall closed‐loop control system. An example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ancient DNA from the Schild site in Illinois: Implications for the Mississippian transition in the Lower Illinois River Valley
Authors: Reynolds Austin W. , Raff Jennifer A. , Bolnick Deborah A. , Cook Della C. , Kaestle Frederika A. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTArchaeologists have long debated whether rapid cultural change in the archaeological record is due to in situ developments, migration of a new group into the region, or the spread of new cultural practices into an area through existing social networks, with the local peoples adopting and adapting practices from elsewhere as they see fit (acculturation). Researchers have suggested each of these explanations for the major cultural transition that occurred at the beginning of the Mississippian period (AD 1050) across eastern North America. In this study, we used ancient DNA to test competing hypotheses of migration and acculturation for the culture change that occurred between the Late Woodland (AD 400–1050) and Mississippian (AD 1050–1500) periods in the Lower Illinois River Valley. We obtained sequences of the first hypervariable segment of the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) from 39 individuals (17 Late Woodland, 22 Mississippian) interred in the Schild cemetery in western Illinois, and compared these lineages to ancient mtDNA lineages present at other sites in the region. Computer simulations were used to test a null hypothesis of population continuity from Late Woodland to Mississippian times at the Schild site and to investigate the possibility of gene flow from elsewhere in the region. Our results suggest that the Late Woodland to Mississippian cultural transition at Schild was not due to an influx of people from elsewhere. Instead, it is more likely that the transition to Mississippian cultural practices at this site was due to a process of acculturation. Am J Phys Anthropol 156:434–448, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mitochondrial DNA perspective of Serbian genetic diversity
Authors: Davidovic Slobodan , Malyarchuk Boris , Aleksic Jelena M. , Derenko Miroslava , Topalovic Vladanka , Litvinov Andrey , Stevanovic Milena , Kovacevic‐Grujicic Natasa 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTAlthough south‐Slavic populations have been studied to date from various aspects, the population of Serbia, occupying the central part of the Balkan Peninsula, is still genetically understudied at least at the level of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation. We analyzed polymorphisms of the first and the second mtDNA hypervariable segments (HVS‐I and HVS‐II) and informative coding‐region markers in 139 Serbians to shed more light on their mtDNA variability, and used available data on other Slavic and neighboring non‐Slavic populations to assess their interrelations in a broader European context. The contemporary Serbian mtDNA profile is consistent with the general European maternal landscape having a substantial proportion of shared haplotypes with eastern, central, and southern European populations. Serbian population was characterized as an important link between easternmost and westernmost south‐Slavic populations due to the observed lack of genetic differentiation with all other south‐Slavic populations and its geographical positioning within the Balkan Peninsula. An increased heterogeneity of south Slavs, most likely mirroring turbulent demographic events within the Balkan Peninsula over time (i.e., frequent admixture and differential introgression of various gene pools), and a marked geographical stratification of Slavs to south‐, east‐, and west‐Slavic groups, were also found. A phylogeographic analyses of 20 completely sequenced Serbian mitochondrial genomes revealed not only the presence of mtDNA lineages predominantly found within the Slavic gene pool (U4a2a*, U4a2a1, U4a2c, U4a2g, HV10), supporting a common Slavic origin, but also lineages that may have originated within the southern Europe (H5*, H5e1, H5a1v) and the Balkan Peninsula in particular (H6a2b and L2a1k). Am J Phys Anthropol 156:449–465, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stereospezifische Kupplungen von sekundären und tertiären Boronsäureestern
Authors: Leonori Daniele , Aggarwal Varinder K. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn diesem Kurzaufsatz werden die Fortschritte bei der Suzuki‐ Miyaura‐Kreuzkupplung von sekundären Borreagentien für die Erzeugung von C‐C‐Bindungen mit kontrollierter Stereochemie aufgezeigt. Des Weiteren wird die übergangsmetallfreie Kupplung von sekundären und tertiären Boronsäureestern an elektronenreiche Arene behandelt.
Dual Binding of an Antibody and a Small Molecule Increases the Stability of TERRA G‐Quadruplex
Authors: Yangyuoru Philip M. , Di Antonio Marco , Ghimire Chiran , Biffi Giulia , Balasubramanian Shankar , Mao Hanbin 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn investigating the binding interactions between the human telomeric RNA (TERRA) G‐quadruplex (GQ) and its ligands, it was found that the small molecule carboxypyridostatin (cPDS) and the GQ‐selective antibody BG4 simultaneously bind the TERRA GQ. We previously showed that the overall binding affinity of BG4 for RNA GQs is not significantly affected in the presence of cPDS. However, single‐molecule mechanical unfolding experiments revealed a population (48 %) with substantially increased mechanical and thermodynamic stability. Force‐jump kinetic investigations suggested competitive binding of cPDS and BG4 to the TERRA GQ. Following this, the two bound ligands slowly rearrange, thereby leading to the minor population with increased stability. Given the relevance of G‐quadruplexes in the regulation of biological processes, we anticipate that the unprecedented conformational rearrangement observed in the TERRA‐GQ–ligand complex may inspire new strategies for the selective stabilization of G‐quadruplexes in cells.
A Preloaded Amorphous Calcium Carbonate/Doxorubicin@Silica Nanoreactor for pH‐Responsive Delivery of an Anticancer Drug
Authors: Zhao Yang , Luo Zhong , Li Menghuan , Qu Qiuyu , Ma Xing , Yu Shu‐Hong , Zhao Yanli 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBiomedical applications of nontoxic amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) nanoparticles have mainly been restricted because of their aqueous instability. To improve their stability in physiological environments while retaining their pH‐responsiveness, a novel nanoreactor of ACC–doxorubicin (DOX)@silica was developed for drug delivery for use in cancer therapy. As a result of its rationally engineered structure, this nanoreactor maintains a low drug leakage in physiological and lysosomal/endosomal environments, and responds specifically to pH 6.5 to release the drug. This unique ACC–DOX@silica nanoreactor releases DOX precisely in the weakly acidic microenvironment of cancer cells and results in efficient cell death, thus showing its great potential as a desirable chemotherapeutic nanosystem for cancer therapy.
Direct Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Analysis of DNA Duplexes
Authors: Guerrini Luca , Krpetić Željka , van Lierop Danny , Alvarez‐Puebla Ramon A. , Graham Duncan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe exploration of the genetic information carried by DNA has become a major scientific challenge. Routine DNA analysis, such as PCR, still suffers from important intrinsic limitations. Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has emerged as an outstanding opportunity for the development of DNA analysis, but its application to duplexes (dsDNA) has been largely hampered by reproducibility and/or sensitivity issues. A simple strategy is presented to perform ultrasensitive direct label‐free analysis of unmodified dsDNA with the means of SERS by using positively charged silver colloids. Electrostatic adhesion of DNA promotes nanoparticle aggregation into stable clusters yielding intense and reproducible SERS spectra at nanogram level. As potential applications, we report the quantitative recognition of hybridization events as well as the first examples of SERS recognition of single base mismatches and base methylations (5‐methylated cytosine and N6‐methylated Adenine) in duplexes.
Partitioning Solvophobic and Dispersion Forces in Alkyl and Perfluoroalkyl Cohesion
Authors: Adam Catherine , Yang Lixu , Cockroft Scott L. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractFluorocarbons often have distinct miscibility properties compared to their nonfluorinated analogues. These differences may be attributed to van der Waals dispersion forces or solvophobic effects, but their contributions are notoriously difficult to separate in molecular recognition processes. Here, molecular torsion balances were used to compare cohesive alkyl and perfluoroalkyl interactions in a range of solvents. A simple linear regression enabled the energetic partitioning of solvophobic and van der Waals forces in the self‐association of apolar chains. The contributions of dispersion interactions in apolar cohesion were found to be strongly attenuated in solution compared to the gas phase, but still play a major role in fluorous and organic solvents. In contrast, solvophobic effects were found to be dominant in driving the association of apolar chains in aqueous solution. The results are expected to assist the computational modelling of van der Waals forces in solution.
Design and Synthesis of High‐Affinity Dimeric Inhibitors Targeting the Interactions between Gephyrin and Inhibitory Neurotransmitter Receptors
Authors: Maric Hans Michael , Kasaragod Vikram Babu , Haugaard‐Kedström Linda , Hausrat Torben Johann , Kneussel Matthias , Schindelin Hermann , Strømgaard Kristian 
Published: November 2014

AbstractGephyrin is the central scaffolding protein for inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors in the brain. Here we describe the development of dimeric peptides that inhibit the interaction between gephyrin and these receptors, a process which is fundamental to numerous synaptic functions and diseases of the brain. We first identified receptor‐derived minimal gephyrin‐binding peptides that displayed exclusive binding towards native gephyrin from brain lysates. We then designed and synthesized a series of dimeric ligands, which led to a remarkable 1220‐fold enhancement of the gephyrin affinity (KD=6.8 nM). In X‐ray crystal structures we visualized the simultaneous dimer‐to‐dimer binding in atomic detail, revealing compound‐specific binding modes. Thus, we defined the molecular basis of the affinity‐enhancing effect of multivalent gephyrin inhibitors and provide conceptually novel compounds with therapeutic potential, which will allow further elucidation of the gephyrin–receptor interplay.
Synthesis and Structure of LaSc2N@Cs(hept)‐C80 with One Heptagon and Thirteen Pentagons
Authors: Zhang Yang , Ghiassi Kamran B. , Deng Qingming , Samoylova Nataliya A. , Olmstead Marilyn M. , Balch Alan L. , Popov Alexey A. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe synthesis and single‐crystal X‐ray structural characterization of the first endohedral metallofullerene to contain a heptagon in the carbon cage are reported. The carbon framework surrounding the planar LaSc2N unit in LaSc2N@Cs(hept)‐C80 consists of one heptagon, 13 pentagons, and 28 hexagons. This cage is related to the most abundant Ih‐C80 isomer by one Stone–Wales‐like, heptagon/pentagon to hexagon/hexagon realignment. DFT computations predict that LaSc2N@Cs(hept)‐C80 is more stable than LaSc2N@D5h‐C80, and suggests that the low yield of the heptagon‐containing endohedral fullerene may be caused by kinetic factors.
Enantiotopos‐selektive CH‐Oxygenierung mit einem supramolekularen Ruthenium‐Katalysator
Authors: Frost James R. , Huber Stefan M. , Breitenlechner Stefan , Bannwarth Christoph , Bach Thorsten 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn Gegenwart eines katalytisch aktiven, chiralen Ruthenium‐Porphyrin‐Komplexes (1 Mol‐%) gehen spirocyclische Oxindole eine enantioselektive Oxygenierungsreaktion ein (neun Beispiele; e.r. bis zu 97:3). Der Katalysator weist einen Lactamring auf, der für die Substratassoziation über Wasserstoffbrücken verantwortlich ist, und verfügt über ein Ruthenium‐Zentrum, das sich in einer definierten räumlichen Beziehung zum Substrat der Oxygenierung befindet. DFT‐Rechnungen illustrieren die perfekte Anordnung des aktiven Zentrums mit der reaktiven C‐H‐Bindung und deuten – in Übereinstimmung mit dem kinetischen Isotopeneffekt – auf einen Sauerstoff‐Rebound‐Mechanismus für die Reaktion hin.
Direct Dehydroxytrifluoromethylthiolation of Alcohols Using Silver(I) Trifluoromethanethiolate and Tetra‐n‐butylammonium Iodide
Authors: Liu Jian‐Bo , Xu Xiu‐Hua , Chen Zeng‐Hao , Qing Feng‐Ling 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAn unprecedented reaction for the direct trifluoromethylthiolation and fluorination of alkyl alcohols using AgSCF3 and nBu4NI has been developed. The trifluoromethylthiolated compounds and alkyl fluorides were selectively formed by changing the ratio of AgSCF3/nBu4NI. This protocol is tolerant of different functional groups and might be applicable to late‐stage trifluoromethylthiolation of alcohols.
Transformation of Cell‐Derived Microparticles into Quantum‐Dot‐Labeled Nanovectors for Antitumor siRNA Delivery
Authors: Chen Gang , Zhu Jun‐Yi , Zhang Zhi‐Ling , Zhang Wei , Ren Jian‐Gang , Wu Min , Hong Zheng‐Yuan , Lv Cheng , Pang Dai‐Wen , Zhao Yi‐Fang 
Published: November 2014

AbstractCell‐derived microparticles (MPs) have been recently recognized as critical intercellular information conveyors. However, further understanding of their biological behavior and potential application has been hampered by the limitations of current labeling techniques. Herein, a universal donor‐cell‐assisted membrane biotinylation strategy was proposed for labeling MPs by skillfully utilizing the natural membrane phospholipid exchange of their donor cells. This innovative strategy conveniently led to specific, efficient, reproducible, and biocompatible quantum dot (QD) labeling of MPs, thereby reliably conferring valuable traceability on MPs. By further loading with small interference RNA, QD‐labeled MPs that had inherent cell‐targeting and biomolecule‐conveying ability were successfully employed for combined bioimaging and tumor‐targeted therapy. This study provides the first reliable and biofriendly strategy for transforming biogenic MPs into functionalized nanovectors.
Synthesis and Characterization of Fluorodinitroamine, FN(NO2)2
Authors: Christe Karl O. , Wilson William W. , Bélanger‐Chabot Guillaume , Haiges Ralf , Boatz Jerry A. , Rahm Martin , Prakash G. K. Surya , Saal Thomas , Hopfinger Mathias 
Published: November 2014

AbstractNF3 and N(NO2)3 are known compounds, whereas the mixed fluoronitroamines, FN(NO2)2 and F2NNO2, have been unknown thus far. One of these, FN(NO2)2, has now been prepared and characterized by multinuclear NMR and Raman spectroscopy. FN(NO2)2 is the first known example of an inorganic fluoronitroamine. It is a thermally unstable, highly energetic material formed by the fluorination of the dinitramide anion using NF4+ salts as the preferred fluorinating agent.
Brief Report: No Excess Risks in Offspring With Paternal Preconception Exposure to Disease‐Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs
Authors: Wallenius Marianne , Lie Elisabeth , Daltveit Anne K. , Salvesen Kjell Å. , Skomsvoll Johan F. , Kalstad Synøve , Lexberg Åse S. , Mikkelsen Knut , Kvien Tore K. , Østensen Monika 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveTo examine pregnancy outcomes in the partners of male patients with inflammatory joint disease who were or were not exposed to disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) before conception compared with the outcomes in reference subjects from the general population.MethodsLinkage of data from a longitudinal observational study of patients with inflammatory joint disease (the Norwegian Disease‐Modifying Antirheumatic Drug [NOR‐DMARD] registry study) and the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN) enabled a comparison of pregnancy outcomes in the partners of men with inflammatory joint disease. Outcomes of pregnancies in which the father was exposed to DMARDs within 12 weeks of conception and those in which the father was never exposed to DMARDs were analyzed separately and compared with the outcomes in reference subjects. Potential associations between DMARD exposure and adverse pregnancy outcomes were assessed by logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 1,796 men with inflammatory joint disease were associated with 2,777 births in the MBRN. In 110 of these births, the father had been exposed to DMARDs within 12 weeks before conception, and in 230 births the father had never been exposed to DMARDs before conception. The DMARDs (monotherapy or combination treatment) to which the fathers were exposed most frequently within 12 weeks of conception were methotrexate (n = 49), sulfasalazine (n = 17), and tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (n = 57). Neither adverse pregnancy outcomes nor occurrence of congenital malformations differed between patients and reference subjects in either group.ConclusionPreconception paternal exposure to DMARDs was not associated with an increase in adverse pregnancy outcomes. Importantly, no increased risk of congenital malformations was observed.
To What Extent Is the Familial Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis Explained by Established Rheumatoid Arthritis Risk Factors?
Authors: Jiang Xia , Frisell Thomas , Askling Johan , Karlson Elizabeth W. , Klareskog Lars , Alfredsson Lars , Källberg Henrik 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveFamily history of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the strongest risk factors for developing RA, and information on family history is, therefore, routinely collected in clinical practice. However, as more genetic and environmental risk factors shared by relatives are identified, the importance of family history may diminish. The aim of this study was to determine how much of the familial risk of RA can be explained by established genetic and nongenetic risk factors.MethodsHistory of RA among first‐degree relatives of individuals in the Epidemiological Investigation of Rheumatoid Arthritis case–control study was assessed through linkage to the Swedish Multigeneration Register and the Swedish Patient Register. We used logistic regression models to investigate the decrease in familial risk after successive adjustment for combinations of nongenetic risk factors (smoking, alcohol intake, parity, silica exposure, body mass index, fatty fish consumption, and education), and genetic risk factors (shared epitope [SE] and 76 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs]).ResultsEstablished nongenetic risk factors did not explain familial risk of either seropositive or seronegative RA to any significant degree. Genetic risk factors accounted for a limited proportion of the familial risk of seropositive RA (unadjusted odds ratio [OR] 4.10, SE‐adjusted OR 3.72, SNP‐adjusted OR 3.46, and SE and SNP–adjusted OR 3.35).ConclusionEstablished risk factors only provided an explanation for familial risk of RA in minor part, suggesting that many (familial) risk factors remain to be identified, in particular for seronegative RA. Family history of RA therefore remains an important clinical risk factor for RA, the value of which has not yet been superseded by other information. There is thus a need for further etiologic studies of both seropositive and seronegative RA.
Study of a Class of Almost‐controllable Discrete‐time Bilinear Systems
Authors: Shen Jinzhong , Zhu Yuanguo 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper studies the controllability of a class of time‐invariant discrete‐time bilinear systems. Although the system is not controllable in the whole space, there is a very large region where control is effective. Results show that the uncontrollable region of this kind of bilinear system has a Lebesgue measure of zero. In other words, for almost any initial state and any terminal state in the state space, the former can be transferred to the latter. Further, a necessary condition for near controllability is presented. Therefore, the results in this paper unify and generalize the corresponding conclusions in the literature. ©2014 Chinese Automatic Control Society and Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd
A Measurement‐Based Approach for Designing Fixed‐Order Controllers for Unknown Closed‐Loop Architecture
Authors: Khadraoui Sofiane , Nounou Hazem N. , Nounou Mohamed N. , Datta Aniruddha , Bhattacharyya Shankar P. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper presents a new technique to design fixed‐structure controllers for linear unknown systems using a set of measurements. In model‐based approaches, the measured data are used to identify a model of the plant for which a suitable controller can be designed. Due to the fact that real processes cannot be described perfectly by mathematical models, designing controllers using such models to guarantee some desired closed‐loop performance is a challenging task. Hence, a possible alternative to model‐based methods is to directly utilize the measured data in the design process. We propose an approach to designing structured controllers using a set of closed‐loop frequency‐domain data. The principle of such an approach is based on computing the parameters of a fixed‐order controller for which the closed‐loop frequency response fits a desired frequency response that describes some desired performance indices. This problem is formulated as an error minimization problem, which can be solved to find suitable values of the controller parameters. The main feature of the proposed control methodology is that it can be applied to stable and unstable plants. Additionally, the design process depends on a pre‐selected controller structure, which allows for the selection of low‐order controllers. An application of the proposed method to a DC servomotor system is presented to experimentally validate and demonstrate its efficacy.
Polymer Enzyme Conjugates as Chiral Ligands for Sharpless Dihydroxylation of Alkenes in Organic Solvents
Authors: Konieczny Stefan , Leurs Melanie , Tiller Joerg C. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractConjugates of enzymes and poly(2‐methyloxazoline) were used as organosoluble amphiphilic polymer nanocontainers for dissolving osmate, thereby converting the enzymes into organosoluble artificial metalloenzymes. These were shown to catalyze the dihydroxylation of different alkenes with high enantioselectivity. The highest selectivities, found for osmate complexed with laccase polymer–enzyme conjugates (PECs), even exceed those of classical Sharpless catalysts.