bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stable Topological Signatures for Points on 3D Shapes
Authors: Carrière Mathieu , Oudot Steve Y. , Ovsjanikov Maks 
Published: August 2015

AbstractComparing points on 3D shapes is among the fundamental operations in shape analysis. To facilitate this task, a great number of local point signatures or descriptors have been proposed in the past decades. However, the vast majority of these descriptors concentrate on the local geometry of the shape around the point, and thus are insensitive to its connectivity structure. By contrast, several global signatures have been proposed that successfully capture the overall topology of the shape and thus characterize the shape as a whole. In this paper, we propose the first point descriptor that captures the topology structure of the shape as ‘seen’ from a single point, in a multiscale and provably stable way. We also demonstrate how a large class of topological signatures, including ours, can be mapped to vectors, opening the door to many classical analysis and learning methods. We illustrate the performance of this approach on the problems of supervised shape labeling and shape matching. We show that our signatures provide complementary information to existing ones and allow to achieve better performance with less training data in both applications.
Dynamic SfM: Detecting Scene Changes from Image Pairs
Authors: Wang Tuanfeng Y. , Kohli Pushmeet , Mitra Niloy J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDetecting changes in scenes is important in many scene understanding tasks. In this paper, we pursue this goal simply from a pair of image recordings. Specifically, our goal is to infer what the objects are, how they are structured, and how they moved between the images. The problem is challenging as large changes make point‐level correspondence establishment difficult, which in turn breaks the assumptions of standard Structure‐from‐Motion (SfM). We propose a novel algorithm for dynamic SfM wherein we first generate a pool of potential corresponding points by hypothesizing over possible movements, and then use a continuous optimization formulation to obtain a low complexity solution that best explains the scene recordings, i.e., the input image pairs. We test the algorithm on a variety of examples to recover the multiple object structures and their changes.
Unconditionally Stable Shock Filters for Image and Geometry Processing
Authors: Prada F. , Kazhdan M. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis work revisits the Shock Filters of Osher and Rudin [OR90] and shows how the proposed filtering process can be interpreted as the advection of image values along flow‐lines. Using this interpretation, we obtain an efficient implementation that only requires tracing flow‐lines and re‐sampling the image. We show that the approach is stable, allowing the use of arbitrarily large time steps without requiring a linear solve. Furthermore, we demonstrate the robustness of the approach by extending it to the processing of signals on meshes in 3D.
Randomized, dose‐finding trial of ghrelin treatment for chronic respiratory failure
Authors: Miki Keisuke , Maekura Ryoji , Nakazato Masamitsu , Matsumoto Nobuhiro , Kitada Seigo , Miki Mari , Yoshimura Kenji , Mori Masahide , Kangawa Kenji 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjectivesGhrelin, a growth hormone‐releasing peptide, has shown efficacy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients in previous trials. This study was designed to evaluate the effective dose of ghrelin in chronic respiratory failure patients.MethodsIn this randomized, double‐blind, dose‐finding, single‐center study, 18 patients, including 16 with COPD, were randomly assigned to receive pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) with intravenous ghrelin at 1 μg/kg or 2 μg/kg, twice daily for 3 weeks. The primary outcome was the change in peak oxygen uptake (
). Secondary outcomes included changes in plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐A levels, and exertional cardio‐respiratory functions with blood gas analysis.ResultsWith incremental exercise, there was no significant differences in the mean difference (high‐dose ghrelin minus low‐dose ghrelin) of peak
(1.0 mL/kg/min, 95% CI: −0.6 to 2.6 mL/kg/min, between‐group, P = 0.193). However, there were significant differences in the mean difference of (i) O2‐pulse (0.6 mL/beats, 95% CI: 0.0 to 1.1 mL/beats, between‐group, P = 0.035) at iso‐time; and ii) PaO2 (4.2 mmHg, 95% CI: 0.2 to 8.2 mmHg, between‐group, P = 0.041) and PaCO2 (−3.1 mmHg, 95% CI: −6.0 to −0.3 mmHg, between‐group, P = 0.034) at peak exercise. The mean difference in the plasma VEGF‐A level was significantly inhibited by high dose‐ghrelin with PR (−125.4 pg/mL, 95% CI: −235.2 to −15.5 pg/mL, between‐group, P = 0.028).ConclusionAlthough the primary outcome of the study was not met, high‐dose ghrelin with PR improved exertional cardiac function and blood gas values, and inhibited circulating VEGF‐A levels.
Greater functional improvement in patients with diabetes after rehabilitation following cardiac surgery
Authors: Marcassa C. , Giordano A. , Corrà U. , Giannuzzi P. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes increases the risk of in‐hospital complications in medical or surgical patients. Few data are available in the rehabilitation phase after cardiac surgery.AimTo assess the influence of diabetes on outcome and complication rate in the rehabilitation phase after cardiac surgery.MethodsData prospectively recorded in the Hospital Information System from 5261 patients consecutively admitted between 1 January 2008 and 31 May 2013 for a comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation programme directly after cardiac surgery were analysed retrospectively.ResultsThe study cohort included 1285 (24%) patients with diabetes and 3976 (76%) without. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) was more frequent in patients with diabetes (58% vs. 37%, P < 0.01), and valvular surgery was more frequent in patients without diabetes (37% vs. 22%, P < 0.01). Patients with diabetes were more disabled after surgery, with severe disability (Barthel Index < 60) observed in 22% (vs. 17% in patients without diabetes, P < 0.001). During rehabilitation, complications were more frequent in patients with diabetes than those without (28% vs. 21%, P < 0.01); in particular, patients with diabetes had more infections, heart failure and more difficult surgical wound healing. However, the improvement in the Barthel Index was greater in patients with diabetes (+16 ± 15) than without (+13 ± 15, P < 0.001).ConclusionsIn a large cohort of patients directly admitted to an early inpatient rehabilitation programme after cardiac surgery, those with diabetes were more disabled. Nonetheless, and despite the higher rate of complications, patients with diabetes had the greatest benefit in terms of functional improvement.
Microwave Dielectric Properties, Crystal Structure, and Microstructure of the Bi3Nb1−xTaxO7 Solid Solution
Authors: Škapin Srečo D. , Pirnat Urša , Jančar Boštjan , Suvorov Danilo 
Published: August 2015

New, commensurate members of the fluorite‐related Bi3Nb1−xTaxO7 family were synthesized and their crystal structures, microstructures, and microwave (MW) dielectric properties were characterized. The incorporation of Ta into the tetragonal Bi3Nb1−xTaxO7 solid solution was found to gradually affect the density and the MW dielectric properties. The materials sintered at 870°C exhibited relative permittivities in the range k′ = 86–72, Q × f values from 793 to 1189 GHz and a positive temperature coefficient of resonant frequency from 88 to 12 ppm/K. The formation of the members of the fluorite‐related solid solution along the Bi3Nb1−xTaxO7 composition depends on a phase transition, and thus their properties are compared within the compositional range. The correlations between their MW dielectric properties, compositions, crystal structures, and processing parameters were discussed in detail. Optimization of MW properties can be achieved by utilizing the ability of the Bi3Nb1−xTaxO7 solid solution that it undergoes a phase transformation from cubic to tetragonal structure which are both characterized by unique properties, under certain synthesis conditions.
Cell memory‐based therapy
Authors: Anjamrooz Seyed Hadi 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCurrent cell therapies, despite all of the progress in this field, still faces major ethical, technical and regulatory hurdles. Because these issues possibly stem from the current, restricted, stereotypical view of cell ultrastructure and function, we must think radically about the nature of the cell. In this regard, the author's theory of the cell memory disc offers ‘memory‐based therapy’, which, with the help of immune system rejuvenation, nervous system control and microparticle‐based biodrugs, may have substantial therapeutic potential. In addition to its potential value in the study and prevention of premature cell aging, age‐related diseases and cell death, memory therapy may improve the treatment of diseases that are currently limited by genetic disorders, risk of tumour formation and the availability and immunocompatibility of tissue transplants.
Baicalin Protects Keratinocytes from Toll‐like Receptor‐4 Mediated DNA Damage and Inflammation Following Ultraviolet Irradiation
Authors: Min Wei , Ahmad Israr , Chang Michelle E. , Burns Erin M. , Qian Qihong , Yusuf Nabiha 
Published: August 2015

AbstractUVB radiation contributes to both direct and indirect damage to the skin including the generation of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammatory responses, immunosuppression and gene mutations, which can ultimately lead to photocarcinogenesis. A plant‐derived flavonoid, baicalin, has been shown to have antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and free radical scavenging activities. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that in murine skin, Toll‐like receptor‐4 (TLR4) enhanced both UVB‐induced DNA damage and inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of baicalin against TLR4‐mediated processes in the murine keratinocyte PAM 212 cell line. Our results demonstrate that treating keratinocytes with baicalin both before and after UV radiation (100 mJ cm−2) significantly inhibited the level of intracellular ROS and decreased cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and 8‐Oxo‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐oxo‐dG)—markers of DNA damage. Furthermore, cells treated with baicalin demonstrated an inhibition of TLR4 and its downstream signaling molecules, MyD88, TRIF, TRAF6 and IRAK4. TLR4 pathway inhibition resulted in NF‐κB inactivation and down‐regulation of iNOS and COX‐2 protein expression. Taken together, baicalin treatment effectively protected keratinocytes from UVB‐induced inflammatory damage through TLR pathway modulation.
Pulsed iceberg delivery driven by Sturtian ice sheet dynamics: An example from Death Valley, California
Authors: Le Heron Daniel P. , Busfield Marie E. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe Kingston Peak Formation is a Cryogenian sedimentary succession that crops out in the Death Valley area, California, USA. It is widely accepted to record pre‐glacial conditions (KP1), followed by two glaciations of pan‐global extent, the older Sturtian (KP2 to KP3) and younger Marinoan glaciation (KP4). In the type area (the Kingston Range), detailed facies analysis of the Sturtian succession reveals that a basal diamictite unit and an upper boulder conglomerate were deposited by proglacial subaqueous sediment gravity flows. An olistostrome unit punctuating the succession is interpreted to result from tectonically induced downslope mobilization during isostatic rebound, triggered by significant ice‐meltback. Focussing on strata onlapping the olistostrome, this article provides insight into the processes of glacial re‐advance following an intra‐Sturtian glacial minimum. The first 50 m of strata above the olistostrome are thinly bedded turbidites that are devoid of lonestones. A trend towards thicker graded beds upsection, in concert with the gradual appearance and then abundance of lonestones, testifies to the influence of ice rafting and to the resumption of a direct ice sheet influence upon sedimentation. Stratigraphic organization into thickening and coarsening upward bedsets over a multi‐metre scale reveals a subaqueous gravity flow‐dominated succession composed of a spectrum of high to low density turbidites, with thick graded boulder‐conglomerates at intervals. The finer‐grained facies assemblage is heterolithic: current ripple cross‐laminated sandstones intercalated with shales that bear delicate granule to pebble‐sized dropstones in abundance. Intervals of dropstone‐bearing and dropstone‐free strata are attributable to dynamic oscillation of the ice margin in the hinterland. Integrating palaeocurrent data with observations from neighbouring outcrop belts allows a detailed palaeogeographic map of the eastern Death Valley area to be compiled for the first time.
Oceanographic controls on shallow‐water temperate carbonate sedimentation: Spencer Gulf, South Australia
Authors: O'Connell Laura G. , James Noel P. , Doubell Mark , Middleton John F. , Luick John , Currie David R. , Bone Yvonne 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSpencer Gulf is a large (ca22 000 km2), shallow (<60 m water depth) embayment with active heterozoan carbonate sedimentation. Gulf waters are metahaline (salinities 39 to 47‰) and warm‐temperate (ca12 to −28°C) with inverse estuarine circulation. The integrated approach of facies analysis paired with high‐resolution, monthly oceanographic data sets is used to pinpoint controls on sedimentation patterns with more confidence than heretofore possible for temperate systems. Biofragments – mainly bivalves, benthic foraminifera, bryozoans, coralline algae and echinoids – accumulate in five benthic environments: luxuriant seagrass meadows, patchy seagrass sand flats, rhodolith pavements, open gravel/sand plains and muddy seafloors. The biotic diversity of Spencer Gulf is remarkably high, considering the elevated seawater salinities. Echinoids and coralline algae (traditionally considered stenohaline organisms) are ubiquitous. Euphotic zone depth is interpreted as the primary control on environmental distribution, whereas seawater salinity, temperature, hydrodynamics and nutrient availability are viewed as secondary controls. Luxuriant seagrass meadows with carbonate muddy sands dominate brightly lit seafloors where waters have relatively low nutrient concentrations (ca0 to 1 mg Chl‐a m−3). Low‐diversity bivalve‐dominated deposits occur in meadows with highest seawater salinities and temperatures (43 to 47‰, up to 28°C). Patchy seagrass sand flats cover less‐illuminated seafloors. Open gravel/sand plains contain coarse bivalve–bryozoan sediments, interpreted as subphotic deposits, in waters with near normal marine salinities and moderate trophic resources (0·5 to 1·6 mg Chl‐a m−3) to support diverse suspension feeders. Rhodolith pavements (coralline algal gravels) form where seagrass growth is arrested, either because of decreased water clarity due to elevated nutrients and associated phytoplankton growth (0·6 to 2 mg Chl‐a m−3), or bottom waters that are too energetic for seagrasses (currents up to 2 m sec−1). Muddy seafloors occur in low‐energy areas below the euphotic zone. The relationships between oceanographic influences and depositional patterns outlined in Spencer Gulf are valuable for environmental interpretations of other recent and ancient (particularly Neogene) high‐salinity and temperate carbonate systems worldwide.
Limitations to oxygen transport and utilization during sprint exercise in humans: evidence for a functional reserve in muscle O2 diffusing capacity
Authors: Calbet José A. L. , Losa‐Reyna José , Torres‐Peralta Rafael , Rasmussen Peter , Ponce‐González Jesús Gustavo , Sheel A. William , de la Calle‐Herrero Jaime , Guadalupe‐Grau Amelia , Morales‐Alamo David , Fuentes Teresa , Rodríguez‐García Lorena , Siebenmann Christoph , Boushel Robert , Lundby Carsten 
Published: August 2015

Key points
Severe acute hypoxia reduces sprint performance.
Muscle during sprint exercise in normoxia is not limited by O2 delivery, O2 offloading from haemoglobin or structure‐dependent diffusion constraints in the skeletal muscle of young healthy men.
A large functional reserve in muscle O2 diffusing capacity exists and remains available at exhaustion during exercise in normoxia; this functional reserve is recruited during exercise in hypoxia.
During whole‐body incremental exercise to exhaustion in severe hypoxia, leg is primarily dependent on convective O2 delivery and less limited by diffusion constraints than previously thought.
The kinetics of O2 offloading from haemoglobin does not limit in hypoxia.
Our results indicate that the limitation to during short sprints resides in mechanisms regulating mitochondrial respiration.
AbstractTo determine the contribution of convective and diffusive limitations to during exercise in humans, oxygen transport and haemodynamics were measured in 11 men (22 ± 2 years) during incremental (IE) and 30 s all‐out cycling sprints (Wingate test, WgT), in normoxia (Nx, : 143 mmHg) and hypoxia (Hyp, : 73 mmHg). Carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) was increased to 6–7% before both WgTs to left‐shift the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve. Leg was measured by the Fick method and leg blood flow (BF) with thermodilution, and muscle O2 diffusing capacity () was calculated. In the WgT mean power output, leg BF, leg O2 delivery and leg were 7, 5, 28 and 23% lower in Hyp than Nx (P < 0.05); however, peak WgT was higher in Hyp (51.5 ± 9.7) than Nx (20.5 ± 3.0 ml min−1 mmHg−1, P < 0.05). Despite a similar (33.3 ± 2.4 and 34.1 ± 3.3 mmHg), mean capillary (16.7 ± 1.2 and 17.1 ± 1.6 mmHg), and peak perfusion during IE and WgT in Hyp, and leg were 12 and 14% higher, respectively, during WgT than IE in Hyp (both P < 0.05). was insensitive to COHb (COHb: 0.7 vs. 7%, in IE Hyp and WgT Hyp). At exhaustion, the Y equilibration index was well above 1.0 in both conditions, reflecting greater convective than diffusive limitation to the O2 transfer in both Nx and Hyp. In conclusion, muscle during sprint exercise is not limited by O2 delivery, O2 offloading from haemoglobin or structure‐dependent diffusion constraints in the skeletal muscle. These findings reveal a remarkable functional reserve in muscle O2 diffusing capacity.
Validation of the Ottawa Ankle Rules for Acute Foot and Ankle Injuries
Authors: David Shannon , Gray Kim , Russell Jeffrey A. , Starkey Chad 
Published: August 2015

The original and modified Ottawa Ankle Rules (OARs) were developed as clinical decision rules for use in emergency departments. However, the OARs have not been evaluated as an acute clinical evaluation tool.Objective:To evaluate the measures of diagnostic accuracy of the OARs in the acute setting.Methods:The OARs were applied to all appropriate ankle injuries at 2 colleges (athletics and club sports) and 21 high schools. The outcomes of OARs, diagnosis, and decision for referral were collected by the athletic trainers (ATs) at each of the locations. Contingency tables were created for evaluations completed within 1 h for which radiographs were obtained. From these data the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated.Results:The OARs met the criteria for radiographs in 100 of the 124 cases, of which 38 were actually referred for imaging. Based on radiographic findings in an acute setting, the OARs (n = 38) had a high sensitivity (.88) and are good predictors to rule out the presence of a fracture. Low specificity (0.00) results led to a high number of false positives and low positive predictive values (.18).Conclusion:When applied during the first hour after injury the OARs significantly overestimate the need for radiographs. However, a negative finding rules out the need to obtain radiographs. It appears the AT’s decision making based on the totality of the examination findings is the best filter in determining referral for radiographs.
Preclinical Characterization and
In Vivo
Efficacy of GSK8853, a Small-Molecule Inhibitor of the Hepatitis C Virus NS4B Protein
Authors: Pouliot Jeffrey J. , Thomson Michael , Xie Mi , Horton Joseph , Johnson John , Krull David , Mathis Amanda , Morikawa Yoshio , Parks Derek , Peterson Richard , Shimada Takashi , Thomas Elizabeth , Vamathevan Jessica , Van Horn Stephanie , Xiong Zhiping , Hamatake Robert , Peat Andrew J. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS4B protein is an antiviral therapeutic target for which small-molecule inhibitors have not been shown to exhibit
in vivo
efficacy. We describe here the
in vitro
and
in vivo
antiviral activity of GSK8853, an imidazo[1,2-
a
]pyrimidine inhibitor that binds NS4B protein. GSK8853 was active against multiple HCV genotypes and developed
in vitro
resistance mutations in both genotype 1a and genotype 1b replicons localized to the region of NS4B encoding amino acids 94 to 105. A 20-day
in vitro
treatment of replicons with GSK8853 resulted in a 2-log drop in replicon RNA levels, with no resistance mutation breakthrough. Chimeric replicons containing NS4B sequences matching known virus isolates showed similar responses to a compound with genotype 1a sequences but altered efficacy with genotype 1b sequences, likely corresponding to the presence of known resistance polymorphs in those isolates.
In vivo
efficacy was tested in a humanized-mouse model of HCV infection, and the results showed a 3-log drop in viral RNA loads over a 7-day period. Analysis of the virus remaining at the end of
in vivo
treatment revealed resistance mutations encoding amino acid changes that had not been identified by
in vitro
studies, including NS4B N56I and N99H. Our findings provide an
in vivo
proof of concept for HCV inhibitors targeting NS4B and demonstrate both the promise and potential pitfalls of developing NS4B inhibitors.
Mode competition in Er-doped fiber Bragg grating fiber laser
Authors: Li Qi , Huang Kaiqiang , Chen Haiyan 
Published: August 2015

The mode competition in Er-doped fiber (EDF) Bragg grating (FBG) fiber laser is researched experimentally, the effect of the operating temperature of FBG on the oscillation mode is discussed. Experiment results demonstrate that the lasing oscillation mode is limited by the bandwidth of FBGs, which is a function of operation temperature, the temperature sensitivity is [Formula: see text]. When the operating temperature of the two FBGs is 25[Formula: see text]C, the output power of [Formula: see text] dBm and the lasing wavelength of 1549.96 nm with slope efficiency of 0.006% and threshold power of 154 mW are obtained.