bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Decarboxylative Generation of 2‐Azaallyl Anions: 2‐Iminoalcohols via a Decarboxylative Erlenmeyer Reaction.
Authors: Tang Shaojian , Park Jong Yeun , Yeagley Andrew A. , Sabat Michal , Chruma Jason J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractStarting from tetrabutylammonium 2,2‐diphenylglycinate and (hetero)aromatic aldehydes the reaction provides a mixture of syn‐ and anti‐2‐iminoalcohols, the syn‐isomer of which exists in an equilibrium with its oxazolidine tautomer.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Carboxypalladation—Olefin Insertion Cascade: Direct Access to Indeno[1,2‐b]furan‐2‐ones.
Authors: Vinoth Perumal , Vivekanand Thavaraj , Suryavanshi Padmakar A. , Menendez J. Carlos , Sasai Hiroaki , Sridharan Vellaisamy 
Published: August 2015

AbstractStarting from aryl alkynoic acids bearing an enone tether, conditions for a 5‐endo‐dig cyclization‐intramolecular olefin insertion cascade are developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu‐Catalyzed Consecutive Hydroxylation and Aerobic Oxidative Cycloetherification under Microwave Conditions: Entry to 2‐Arylbenzofuran‐3‐carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Xu Tianlong , Zhang Ensheng , Wang Dejian , Wang Yan , Zou Yong 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe characteristics of this tandem approach are the consecutive C—Br bond cleavage, C—H functionalization, and the C—O bond formation.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Transition‐Metal‐Free Synthesis of 2‐(Trimethylsilylmethylene)pyrrol‐3‐ones by Thermal Cyclization of Acetylenic Enamines.
Authors: Golubev Pavel R. , Pankova Alena S. , Kuznetsov Mikhail A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAcetylenic enamines generated in situ from readily available enynones and primary amines undergo thermal cyclization in diphenyl ether providing easy access to the title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: 3H‐Pyrroles from Ketoximes and Acetylene: Synthesis, Stability and Quantum‐Chemical Insight.
Authors: Trofimov Boris A. , et al.  
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe one‐pot procedure provides access to rare nonaromatic 2‐aryl‐3,3‐dialkylsubstituted 3H‐pyrroles.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling of N‐Arylacrylamides with Chloroform Using tert‐Butyl Peroxybenzoate as Oxidant for the Synthesis of Trichloromethylated 2‐Oxindoles.
Authors: Chan Chun‐Wo , Lee Pui‐Yiu , Yu Wing‐Yiu 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA Cu‐catalyzed cross dehydrogenative coupling of N‐arylacrylamides with chloroform is achieved using tert‐butyl peroxybenzoate as oxidant, and trichloromethylated oxindoles are obtained in excellent yield and regioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Al(OTf)3‐Catalyzed SN2′ Substitution of the β‐Hydroxy Group in Morita—Baylis—Hillman Adducts with Indoles.
Authors: Gohain Mukut , Lin Shunhuang , Bezuidenhoudt Barend C. B. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA simple, efficient, and cost‐effective process for the synthesis of C3‐alkylated indole derivatives by SN2′ substitution of the hydroxy group in β‐hydroxyketones with indoles, is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Benzoxaborinin‐4‐ones and Its Application in Indolin‐2‐ones Synthesis Using a Suzuki—Miyaura Reaction Protocol.
Authors: Murugan Kannan , Chinnapattu Murugan , Nawaz Khan Fazlur‐Rahman , Iyer Pravin S. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCyclic boronic acids are prepared from isatins and (2‐acetylphenyl)borononic acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Mild One‐Pot Horner—Wadsworth—Emmons Olefination and Intramolecular N‐Arylation for the Syntheses of Indoles, All Regio‐Isomeric Azaindoles, and Thienopyrroles.
Authors: Choi Ji Hye , Lim Hwan Jung 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe mild reaction conditions allow for a broad substrate scope while delivering the title compounds in moderate to very high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanocrystalline Magnesium Oxide‐Stabilized Palladium(0): An Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for Synthesis of N‐(2‐Pyridyl)indoles.
Authors: Reddy Police Vishnuvardhan , Annapurna Manne , Srinivas Pottabathula , Likhar Pravin R. , Lakshmi Kantam Mannepalli 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA heterogeneous catalyst system of magnesia supported palladium nanoparticles furnishes N‐pyridylindoles in the presence of copper chloride as an oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Platinum(0)‐Catalyzed Indolyne Insertion into Bis(pinacolato)diboron Followed by Site‐Selective Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling.
Authors: Pareek Manish , Fallon Thomas , Oestreich Martin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractStarting from 5,6‐bispinacolyl substituted N‐methylindole conditions for the chemo‐ and regioselective two‐step arylation or alkenylation in order to form new 5,6‐difunctionalized indole derivatives are developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]imidazoles and Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines.
Authors: Wang Kai‐Min , Ma Yu‐Lu , Lin Xin‐Rong , Yan Sheng‐Jiao , Lin Jun 
Published: August 2015

AbstractRegioselective aza‐ene reactions and cyclocondensation reactions of heterocyclic ketene aminals with benzoyl‐ or acetylacrylate lead to pyrrolopyrimidines, erroneously named as pyrroloimidazoles, and imidazopyridines efficiently under catalyst‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Unique Photophysical Properties of 9‐Styryl‐1,2‐dihydropyrrolo[3,4‐β]indolizin‐3‐one and Its Efficient Synthesis via Direct C—H Activation.
Authors: Choi Eun Joung , Park Seung Bum 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn contrast to previously developed methods the elaborated conditions allow for the regioselective preparation of the title compounds which represent styryl analogues of the fluorophore Seoul‐Fluor.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Pyrrolizidines via Cascade Michael/Hemi‐Aminalization Reactions of Isoindolinones.
Authors: Scorzelli Francesco , Di Mola Antonia , Croce Gianluca , Palombi Laura , Massa Antonio 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe cascade reaction of isoindolinone and α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes provides a mixture of two diastereomeric pyrrolizidines.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver Salts and DBU Cooperatively Catalyzed Nucleophilic Addition/Cyclization of Propargylic Alcohols with Trifluoromethyl Ketones.
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Kong Wei‐Guang , Li Feng , Liu Jie , Shen Qin , Liu Lantao , Zhao Wen‐Xian 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTrifluoromethyl substituted 5‐alkylidene‐1,3‐dioxolane derivatives are efficiently obtained by silver salt and DBU cooperatively catalyzed nucleophilic addition/annulation reaction of various propargylic alcohols and trifluoromethyl ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Base Promoted Direct C4‐Arylation of 4‐Substituted‐pyrazolin‐5‐ones with Diaryliodonium Salts.
Authors: Mao Song , Geng Xu , Yang Yang , Qian Xiaofei , Wu Shengying , Han Jianwei , Wang Limin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA DMAP‐mediated arylation of pyrazolinones by diaryliodonium triflates at room temperature is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot, Three‐Component Approach to the Synthesis of 3,4,5‐Trisubstituted Pyrazoles.
Authors: Kamal Ahmed , Sastry K. N. Visweswara , Chandrasekhar D. , Mani Geeta Sai , Adiyala Praveen Reddy , Nanubolu Jagadeesh Babu , Singarapu Kiran Kumar , Maurya Ram Awatar 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe mechanistically novel one‐pot, three‐component coupling of aldehydes, dicarbonyls, and diazo compounds proceeds by a tandem Knoevenagel condensation, 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition, and transition metal‐free oxidative aromatization reaction sequence involving the cleavage of an acetyl group for pyrazole formation.
ChemInform Abstract: Acid Catalyzed Nitrile Thiolysis of 3‐Amino‐acrylonitriles, Toward the Synthesis of 3,4‐Substituted‐5‐amino‐isothiazoles.
Authors: Kuklish Steven L. , Backer Ryan T. , Fisher Matthew J. , Kempema Aaron M. , Mauldin Scott C. , Merschaert Alain 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe use of an acid‐catalyzed thioamidation of unsaturated nitriles for the preparation of substituted‐5‐amino‐isothiazoles, providing a useful complement to the known base‐catalyzed procedures.
ChemInform Abstract: A Direct Synthesis of 3‐Acyl‐4‐hydroxy‐2‐pyranone Derivatives via Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylation of α‐Chloroketones. A Cascade Reaction Involving Acylketenes.
Authors: Perrone Serena , Caroli Antonio , Cannazza Giuseppe , Granito Catia , Salomone Antonio , Troisi Luigino 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe title reaction can be succesfully applied to both aromatic and aliphatic substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: The First NHC‐Induced Regioselective Introduction of C‐ and N‐Nucleophiles in to Baylis—Hillman Enals.
Authors: Rai Vijai K. , Sahu Ganeshwar P. , Rai Ankita 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAn efficient one‐pot protocol is developed for the coupling of enals (I) with phenacyl bromide and amines or NH4OAc to produce functionalized amides.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric One‐Pot Synthesis of 1,4‐Dihydroquinolines via an Organocatalytic Aza‐Michael/Michael Cascade Strategy.
Authors: Lee Yona , Heo Seungpyeong , Kim Sung‐Gon 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe asymmetric aza‐Michael/Michael cascade reaction of 2‐(tosylamino)phenyl substituted α,β‐unsaturated ketones with arylpropionaldehydes is optimized using a catalyst combination of O‐Tms‐diphenylprolinol and o‐nitrobenzoic acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Sulfonylamino Quinolines from 1‐(2‐Aminophenyl)‐propargyl Alcohols Through a Ag(I)‐Catalyzed Hydroamination, [2 + 3] Cycloaddition, and an Unusual Strain‐Driven Ring Expansion.
Authors: Kumar Yalla Kiran , Kumar Gadi Ranjith , Reddy Thota Jagadeshwar , Sridhar Balasubramanian , Reddy Maddi Sridhar 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn addition to he title reaction, the catalyst‐ and reagent‐free transformation of cycloalkanones to cycloalkyl amidines with reduced ring size is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines via a Three‐Component Reaction.
Authors: Zhang Huiping , Jiang Linlin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe facile protocol allows the synthesis of the title species from 2‐aminopyridines, propargylaldehyde, and various alcohols in short reaction times.
ChemInform Abstract: UV‐Light Induced Domino Type Reactions: Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Unreported Nitrogen Ring Junction Quinazolines.
Authors: Palaniraja Jeyakannu , Roopan Selvaraj Mohana 
Published: August 2015

AbstractVarious fused quinazolines are synthesized from α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds and different amines using potassium hydroxide as base for the cyclization and aromatization in a single step under UV irradiation.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Radical Methylation/C—H Amination/Oxidation Cascade for the Synthesis of Quinazolinones.
Authors: Bao Yajie , Yan Yizhe , Xu Kun , Su Jihu , Zha Zhenggen , Wang Zhiyong 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAnthranilic acid amides are cyclized to the corresponding dihydro‐quinazolinones in good yields with dicumyl peroxide as radical methyl donor.
ChemInform Abstract: Amberlite IR‐120H, an Efficient and Recyclable Solid Phase Catalyst for the Synthesis of Quinoxalines: A Greener Approach.
Authors: Kamal Ahmed , Babu Korrapati Suresh , Hussaini S. M. Ali , Mahesh Rasala , Alarifi Abdullah 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe simple and environmentally benign method allows the synthesis of quinoxalines from 1,2‐diamines and hydroxyketones under solvent‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselectively Switchable Asymmetric Haloaminocyclization for the Synthesis of Cyclic Sulfamates.
Authors: Cai Yunfei , Zhou Pengfei , Liu Xiaohua , Zhao Jiannan , Lin Lili , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe catalytic asymmetric halomaminocyclization of sulfamates (I) with NBS and the catalyst CTA provides the syn‐products (II) in good selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Air‐Stable Zirconocene Bis(perfluorobutanesulfonate) as a Highly Efficient Catalyst for Synthesis of N‐Heterocyclic Compounds.
Authors: Wang Jinying , Li Ningbo , Qiu Renhua , Zhang Xiaohong , Xu Xinhua , Yin Shuang‐Feng 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIt is demonstrated, that the title catalyst ZRC exhibits high catalytic activity for the synthesis of benzimidazoles, benzodiazepines, dihydropyrimidines, and dihydropyridines under neat conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of 5‐Amino‐2,5‐dihydro‐1‐benzoxepines: Access to Pharmacologically Active Heterocyclic Scaffolds.
Authors: Calder Ewen D. D. , Sharif Salaheddin A. I. , McGonagle Fiona I. , Sutherland Andrew 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe title compounds can be easily converted into pharmaceutically interesting 5‐amino‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1‐benzoxepines.
ChemInform Abstract: Modular Approach to Reductive C(sp2)—H and C(sp3)—H Silylation of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives Through Single‐Pot, Sequential Transition Metal Catalysis.
Authors: Hua Yuanda , Jung Seongjeong , Roh James , Jeon Junha 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBenzoic acid esters (I) and (V), heteroaromatic esters (VIII) and (X), acetophenones (XII), benzaldehydes (XVII) as well as tetralone (XV) form corresponding annelated Si‐dialkylated 1,2‐oxasilol derivatives via respective dialkylsilylated alcohols, e.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Torquoselective Electrocyclizations and Competing 1,7‐Hydrogen Shifts of 1‐Azatrienes with Silyl Substitution at the Allylic Carbon.
Authors: Ma Zhi‐Xiong , Patel Ashay , Houk K. N. , Hsung Richard P. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe reaction of cyclic enaminones to 1‐azatriene intermediates that contain an allylic stereocenter substituted with a silyl group is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed C(sp3)—C(sp2) Cross‐Coupling of (Trimethylsilyl)methyllithium with (Hetero)Aryl Halides.
Authors: Heijnen Dorus , Hornillos Valentin , Corbet Brian P. , Giannerini Massimo , Feringa Ben L. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe cross‐coupling of (trimethylsilyl)methyllithium with structurally diverse aryl and hetaryl bromides and chlorides is examined.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Benzolactams with Triethyl Phosphite Prompted by Phosphoryl Chloride Affords Benzoannulated Monophosphonates Instead of Expected Bisphoshonates.
Authors: Chmielewska Ewa , Miszczyk Patrycja , Kozlowska Joanna , Prokopowicz Monika , Mlynarz Piotr , Kafarski Pawel 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe reaction of benzannulated lactams with P(OEt)3 in the presence of POCl3 is found to generate mixtures of mono‐ and diphosphonates of varying structure.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of P‐Stereogenic Phosphinic Amides via Pd(0)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Intramolecular C—H Arylation.
Authors: Liu Lantao , Zhang An‐An , Wang Yanfang , Zhang Fuqiang , Zuo Zhenzhen , Zhao Wen‐Xian , Feng Cui‐Lan , Ma Wenjin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractStarting from N‐(2‐bromoaryl)‐P,P‐diarylphosphinic amides P‐stereogenic phosphine oxide derivatives are obtained in moderate to excellent yields and with high to excellent enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Arsenous Chloride‐Free Synthesis of Cyclic Tertiary Organoarsines from Arylarsine Oxides and di‐Grignard Reagents.
Authors: Gregson Aaron M. , Wales Steven M. , Bailey Stephen J. , Keller Paul A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractArylarsine oxides can be utilized in the same manner as phenyldichloroarsine to synthesize cyclic organoarsines in a less hazardous manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Diterpenes with Unprecedented Skeletons from the Red Alga Sphaerococcus coronopifolius.
Authors: Smyrniotopoulos Vangelis , Kiss Robert , Mathieu Veronique , Vagias Constantinos , Roussis Vassilios 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThree new diterpenes, namely spirosphaerol (I), anthresphaerol (II), and corfusphaeroxide (III) are isolated and structurally characterized by NMR and MS and their in vitro antitumor activities against human cancer lines tested.
ChemInform Abstract: Sesquiterpenoids with anti‐MDR Staphylococcus aureus Activities from Ferula ferulioides.
Authors: Liu Tao , Wang Shuangying , Xu Lili , Fu Wei , Gibbons Simon , Mu Qing 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAll seven newly isolated compounds have been tested against multi‐drug‐ and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains SA1199B, XU212, ATCC25923, RN4220, EMRSA‐15 and EMRSA‐16.
ChemInform Abstract: New Phenolic Tricyclic Diterpenoids from Rhizomes of Isodon hispida (Benth.) Hara.
Authors: Huang Bo , Huang Zhen‐Yuan , Xiao Chao‐Jiang , Dong Xiang , Jiang Bei 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThree new phenolic tricyclic diterpenoids including hispidanol A (I) and B (II) are isolated from rhizomes of Isodon hispida together with 14 known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Four New Penicitrinols and Two New Penicillenols from the Marine‐Derived Fungus Penicillium citrinum.
Authors: Chen Li , Zhang Qi‐Qing , Zhou Tong , Zhao Yang‐Yang , Gong Mei‐Wei , Xia Qi‐Wen , Ying Min‐Gang , Zheng Qiu‐Hong , Liu Qin‐Ying 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPenicitrinols L‐O [(I) and (II)] and penicillenols D1 (IIIa) and D2 (IIIb) are isolated from P.
ChemInform Abstract: Spicarins A—D from Acetylated Extract of Fungus Spicaria elegans KLA03.
Authors: Lin Zhenjian , Ma Xinhua , Wei Hongjuan , Li Dehai , Gu Qianqun , Zhu Tianjiao 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTwo new isobenzofuran‐aspochalasin heterodimers, spicarins A (I) and B (II), are isolated along with two new related isobenzofuran dimers, spicarins C and D (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A Collection of Topological Types of Nanoclusters and Its Application to Icosahedron‐Based Intermetallics.
Authors: Pankova Arina A. , Akhmetshina Tatiana G. , Blatov Vladislav A. , Proserpio Davide M. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA topological and geometrical analysis of <27,000 intermetallics forming <2,000 topologically different nanoclusters is performed and stored in an electronic database as the Topological Types of Nanoclusters (TTN) collection.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclodextrin and Phosphorus(III): A Versatile Combination for Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis
Authors: Jouffroy Matthieu , Armspach Dominique , Matt Dominique 
Published: August 2015

AbstractReview: approaches to covalently bind the ubiquitous P(III) donor atom with a cyclodexrin cavity and coordination and catalytic properties of these cavity‐shaped liga nds; 152 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development Approaches Towards a 4‐Spiro Cyclopropane Proline Scaffold (S)‐5‐(tert‐Butoxycarbonyl)‐5‐azaspiro[2.4]heptane‐6‐carboxylic Acid
Authors: Baenziger Markus , Bucher Christoph 
Published: August 2015

AbstractReview: 18 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemical Biology of Sirtuins
Authors: Chen Bing , Zang Wenwen , Wang Juan , Huang Yajun , He Yanhua , Yan Lingling , Liu Jiajia , Zheng Weiping 
Published: August 2015

AbstractReview: chemical biology for the physiologically and therapeutically important sirtuin family of Nε‐acyl‐lysine deacylase enzymes; 78 refs.
Multimodality Evaluation of the Right Ventricle: An Updated Review
Authors: Tadic Marijana 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThe assessment of the volumes, function, and mechanics of the right ventricle (RV) is very challenging because of the anatomical complexity of the RV. Because RV structure, function, and deformation are very important predictors of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, congenital heart disease, or arrhythmogenic RV cardiomyopathy, it is of great importance to use an appropriate imaging modality that will provide all necessary information. In everyday clinical practice, 2‐dimensional echocardiography (2DE) represents a method of first choice in RV evaluation. However, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) remained the gold standard for RV assessment. The development of new imaging tools, such as 3‐dimensional echocardiography (3DE), provided reliable data, comparable with CMR, and opened a completely new era in RV imaging. So far, 3DE has shown good results in determination of RV volumes and systolic function, and there are indications that it will also provide valuable data about 3‐dimensional RV mechanics, similar to CMR. Two‐dimensional echocardiography–derived strain is currently widely used for the assessment of RV deformation, which has been proven to be a more significant predictor of functional capacity and survival than CMR‐derived RV ejection fraction. The purpose of this review is to summarize currently available data about RV structure, function, and mechanics obtained by different imaging modalities, primarily 2DE and 3DE, and their comparison with CMR and cardiac computed tomography.
The Contrasting Recognition Behavior of β‐Cyclodextrin and Its Sulfobutylether Derivative towards 4′,6‐Diamidino‐2‐phenylindole
Authors: Shinde Meenakshi N. , Bhasikuttan Achikanath C. , Mohanty Jyotirmayee 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe noncovalent interactions between 4′, 6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI) and sulfobutylether β‐cyclodextrin (SBE7β‐CD) are evaluated by using photochemical measurements and compared with that of native β‐CD. Contrasting recognition behavior and intriguing modulations in the photochemical behavior of DAPI were observed. In particular, a large enhancement in the fluorescence emission and excited‐state lifetime were seen upon binding to SBE7β‐CD, with the SBE7β‐CD inclusion complex being approximately 1000 times stronger than that of β‐CD. The ensuing fluorescence “turn on” was demonstrated to be responsive to chemical stimuli, such as metal ions and adamantylanmine (AD). Upon addition of Ca2+/AD, nearly quantitative dissociation of the complex was established to regenerate the free dye and result in fluorescence “turn off”. The SO3− groups are believed to be critical for the strong and selective binding of the chromophore and the stimuli‐responsive tuning. This is as an important design criterion for the optimization of host–guest properties through supramolecular association, which is relevant for drug‐delivery applications.
Effects of early adversity on young children's diurnal cortisol rhythms and externalizing behavior
Authors: Bernard Kristin , Zwerling Jordana , Dozier Mary 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTEarly adversity is associated with biological and behavioral dysregulation in early childhood. We examined whether early adversity (i.e., poverty and involvement with child protective services [CPS]) had an indirect effect on externalizing behavior through HPA axis dysregulation, specifically blunted diurnal cortisol patterns. Participants included 94 children between the ages of 3.94 and 6.52 years old, who had a history of CPS involvement (n = 53) or no history of CPS involvement (n = 41). Cortisol samples were collected at wake‐up and bedtime across 3 days, and parent‐reported externalizing behavior was assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist. Results showed that history of CPS involvement and poverty were associated with blunted cortisol patterns, which in turn led to elevated externalizing behavior. The indirect effect of CPS involvement on externalizing behavior through blunted cortisol was significant, whereas the indirect effect of poverty on externalizing behavior was nonsignificant. Findings add to our understanding of neurobiological mechanisms linking early adversity to psychopathology. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 57: 935–947, 2015.