bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From one generation to the next: a comprehensive account of sympathetic receptor control in branching arteriolar trees
Authors: Al‐Khazraji Baraa K. , Saleem Amani , Goldman Daniel , Jackson Dwayne N. 
Published: May 2015

Key points
The sympathetic nervous system increases skeletal muscle arteriolar resistance by activating adrenergic, peptidergic and purinergic receptors, which may depend on network topology.
To date, there has been limited work conducted on topologically‐dependent sympathetic nervous system control in continuously branching skeletal muscle microvascular networks.
In the present study, we investigated how arterioles respond to activation of receptors for sympathetic neurotransmitters based on their location within continuously branching arteriolar trees in skeletal muscle.
For the first time, we show differential order‐dependent responses to adrenergic, peptidergic and purinergic agonists in continuously branching arteriolar trees.
These results provide novel and detailed network data describing full‐range sympathetic control in the skeletal muscle microcirculation. This work provides much needed experimental data, which can be applied to mathematical models of skeletal muscle blood flow and oxygen transport.
AbstractThe effect of the sympathetic nervous system on blood flow distribution within skeletal muscle microvasculature is conditional upon regional activation of receptors for sympathetic neurotransmitters. Previous studies have shown that proximal arterioles are largely governed by adrenergic activation, whereas it is speculated that distal branches are controlled by peptidergic and purinergic activation. However, no study has systematically evaluated the activation of adrenergic, peptidergic and purinergic receptors in continuously branching arteriolar trees of an individual skeletal muscle model. Therefore, in the present study, sympathetic agonists were used to evaluate the constriction responses along first to fifth order arterioles in continuously branching arteriolar trees of a in vivo rat gluteus maximus muscle preparation with respect to specific activation of receptors for sympathetic neurotransmitters (α1R, α2R, NPY1R and P2X1R). Constriction responses were incorporated into a mathematical blood flow model to estimate the total flow, resistance and red blood cell flow heterogeneity within a computationally reconstructed gluteus maximus arteriolar network. For the first time, the effects of activating receptors for sympathetic neurotransmitters on vasoconstrictor responses and the ensuing haemodynamics in continuously branching arteriolar trees of skeletal muscle were characterized, where proximal arterioles responded most to α1R and α2R adrenergic activation, whereas distal arterioles responded most to Y1R and P2X1R activation. Total flow and resistance changed with activation of all receptors, whereas red blood cell flow heterogeneity was largely affected by peptidergic and purinergic activation in distal arterioles. The reported data highlight the functional consequences of topologically‐dependent sympathetic control and may serve as novel input parameters in computational modelling of network flow.
THE STORM (acute coronary Syndrome in paTients end Of life and Risk assesMent) study
Authors: Moretti Claudio , Quadri Giorgio , D'Ascenzo Fabrizio , Bertaina Maurizio , Giusto Federico , Marra Sebastiano , Moiraghi Corrado , Scaglione Luca , Torchio Mauro , Montrucchio Giuseppe , Bo Mario , Porta Massimo , Cavallo Perin Paolo , Marinone Carlo , Riccardini Franco , Iqbal Javaid , Omedè Pierluigi , Bergerone Serena , Veglio Franco , Gaita Fiorenzo 
Published: May 2015

IntroductionElderly patients with coexisting frailty and multiple comorbidities frequently present to the emergency department (ED). Because non-cardiovascular comorbidities and declining health status may affect their life expectancy, management of these patients should start in the ED. This study evaluated the role of Gold Standards Framework (GSF) criteria for identifying patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) approaching end of life.MethodsAll consecutive patients admitted to the ED and hospitalised with a diagnosis of ACS between May 2012 and July 2012 were included. According to GSF criteria, patients were labelled as positive GSF status when they met at least one general criterion and two heart disease criteria; furthermore, traditional cardiovascular risk scores (the Global Registry for Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score and the Age, Creatinine and Ejection Fraction (ACEF) score) were calculated and WHOQOL-BREF was assessed. Mortality and repeat hospitalisation due to cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular causes were evaluated at 3-month and 12-month follow-up.ResultsFrom a total of 156 patients with ACS enrolled, 22 (14%) had a positive GSF. A positive GSF was associated with higher rate of non-cardiovascular events (22.7% vs 6.7%; p=0.03) at 3 months and higher rates of both cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular events (36% vs 16.4%; p=0.04 and 27.3% vs 6.7%; p=0.009, respectively) at 12 months. In multivariate analysis, an in-hospital GRACE score was a predictor of cardiovascular events, while a positive GSF independently predicted non-cardiovascular events.ConclusionsThe GSF score independently predicts non-cardiovascular events in patients presenting with ACS and may be used along with traditional cardiovascular risk scores in choosing wisely the most appropriate treatment. The present results need to be externally validated on larger samples.
Scald burns in children under 3 years: an analysis of NEISS narratives to inform a scald burn prevention program
Authors: Shields Wendy C , McDonald Eileen M , Pfisterer Kaitlin , Gielen Andrea C 
Published: May 2015

Background objectivesTo determine the incidence of paediatric scald burns for children under 3 years of age treated in US hospital emergency departments. To quantify injury patterns associated with scald burns to inform prevention recommendation messaging.MethodsThe National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) coding manual was reviewed for cause of injury. Its database was queried to identify cases among patients up to age 3 years old with a diagnosis of scald burns between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2012. The resulting data set was downloaded and case narratives were reviewed to identify injury patterns associated with scald burns.ResultsThe NEISS query identified 2104 scald burn cases between 2009 and 2012, yielding a national estimate of 11 028 scald burns in children younger than 3 years old annually. The analysis of the case narratives resulted in the identification of six precipitating and/or contributing factors including: grabbed/pulled, cooking, bathing, consuming, appliance and other.ConclusionsNEISS is a valuable tool to identify scald burn risks. The NEISS data system provided an opportunity to identify and examine scald burns in children under 3 years of age. Interpretation of NEISS results is limited due to the lack of consistency and detail in narratives about the injury event. Nevertheless, the information that was available on precipitating and/or contributing factors suggests that caretakers should test the temperature of their water heaters, test bath water before bathing children and be made aware of risk of scalds from hot liquids so that they exercise close supervision of children.
High intensity of cytoplasmic peroxiredoxin VI expression is associated with adverse outcome in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma independently of International Prognostic Index
Authors: Kuusisto Milla Elvi Linnea , Haapasaari Kirsi-Maria , Turpeenniemi-Hujanen Taina , Jantunen Esa , Soini Ylermi , Peroja Pekka , Bloigu Risto , Karihtala Peeter , Kuittinen Outi 
Published: May 2015

AimsDiffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive and potentially fatal disease. Prediction of risk of relapse is based on clinical markers. There is a need for more accurate biomarkers to select patients for more aggressive first-line treatments. Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are a family of potent antioxidant proteins. Their prognostic role in DLBCL is unknown.MethodsAltogether, 103 diagnostic biopsy samples from patients with DLBCL were immunohistochemically stained for Prxs I, II, III, V and VI.ResultsStrong Prx VI expression was associated with the presence of B-symptoms. There were no other significant associations with traditional risk factors. Five-year disease-specific survival was 68.6% in patients with high cytoplasmic Prx VI intensity vs 97.0% in those with low intensity. In multivariate analysis, high Prx VI expression (HR 12.846, 95% CI 1.722 to 95.807, p=0.013) was an independent risk factor of lymphoma-associated death not related to International Prognostic Index score (HR 2.514, 95% CI 1.040 to 6.073, p=0.041).ConclusionsHigh intensity of cytoplasmic Prx VI expression in pretreatment DLBCL samples predicts worse outcome in patients with DLBCL. Whether Prx VI is associated with chemoresistance, and therefore a poorer outcome, needs to be evaluated. If Prx VI is a predictive marker and it proves causality, it would be crucial to study Prx VI ability to become a target enzyme for treatment.
u-CARE: user-friendly Comprehensive Antibiotic resistance Repository ofEscherichia coli
Authors: Saha Saurav B , Uttam Vishwas , Verma Vivek 
Published: May 2015

Background and aimsDespite medical advancements,Escherichia coli-associated infections remain a major public health concern and although an abundant information aboutE. coliand its antibiotic resistance mechanisms is available, no effective tool exists that integrates gene and genomic data in context to drug resistance, thus raising a need to develop a repository that facilitates integration and assimilation of factors governing drug resistance inE. coli.DescriptionsUser-friendly Comprehensive Antibiotic resistance Repository ofEscherichia coli(u-CARE) is a manually curated catalogue of 52 antibiotics with reported resistance, 107 genes, transcription factors and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) involved in multiple drug resistance of this pathogen. Each gene page provides detailed information about its resistance mechanisms, while antibiotic page consists of summary, chemical description and structural descriptors with links to external public databases like GO, CDD, DEG, Ecocyc, KEGG, Drug Bank, PubChem and UniProt. Moreover, the database integrates this reductive information to holistic data such as strain-specific and segment-specific pathogenic islands and operons. In addition, the database offers rich user interface for the visualisation and retrieval of information using various search criteria such as sequence, keyword, image and class search.Conclusionsu-CARE is aimed to cater to the needs of researchers working in the field of antimicrobial drug resistance with minimal knowledge of bioinformatics. This database is also intended as a guide book to medical practitioners to avoid use of antibiotics against which resistance has already been reported inE. coli.The database is available from:http://www.e-bioinformatics.net/ucare
Impact of changes in mode of travel to work on changes in body mass index: evidence from the British Household Panel Survey
Authors: Martin Adam , Panter Jenna , Suhrcke Marc , Ogilvie David 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundActive commuting is associated with various health benefits, but little is known about its causal relationship with body mass index (BMI).MethodsWe used cohort data from three consecutive annual waves of the British Household Panel Survey, a longitudinal study of nationally representative households, in 2004/2005 (n=15 791), 2005/2006 and 2006/2007. Participants selected for the analyses (n=4056) reported their usual main mode of travel to work at each time point. Self-reported height and weight were used to derive BMI at baseline and after 2 years. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to assess associations between switching to and from active modes of travel (over 1 and 2 years) and change in BMI (over 2 years) and to assess dose–response relationships.ResultsAfter adjustment for socioeconomic and health-related covariates, the first analysis (n=3269) showed that switching from private motor transport to active travel or public transport (n=179) was associated with a significant reduction in BMI compared with continued private motor vehicle use (n=3090; −0.32 kg/m2, 95% CI −0.60 to −0.05). Larger adjusted effect sizes were associated with switching to active travel (n=109; −0.45 kg/m2, −0.78 to −0.11), particularly among those who switched within the first year and those with the longest journeys. The second analysis (n=787) showed that switching from active travel or public transport to private motor transport was associated with a significant increase in BMI (0.34 kg/m2, 0.05 to 0.64).ConclusionsInterventions to enable commuters to switch from private motor transport to more active modes of travel could contribute to reducing population mean BMI.
Chemotherapy-Derived Inflammatory Responses Accelerate the Formation of Immunosuppressive Myeloid Cells in the Tissue Microenvironment of Human Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Takeuchi Shintaro , Baghdadi Muhammad , Tsuchikawa Takahiro , Wada Haruka , Nakamura Toru , Abe Hirotake , Nakanishi Sayaka , Usui Yuu , Higuchi Kohtaro , Takahashi Mizuna , Inoko Kazuho , Sato Syoki , Takano Hironobu , Shichinohe Toshiaki , Seino Ken-ichiro , Hirano Satoshi 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common type of pancreatic malignancies. PDAC builds a tumor microenvironment that plays critical roles in tumor progression and metastasis. However, the relationship between chemotherapy and modulation of PDAC-induced tumor microenvironment remains poorly understood. In this study, we report a role of chemotherapy-derived inflammatory response in the enrichment of PDAC microenvironment with immunosuppressive myeloid cells. Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a major cytokine associated with oncogenic KRAS in PDAC cells. GM-CSF production was significantly enhanced in various PDAC cell lines or PDAC tumor tissues from patients after treatment with chemotherapy, which induced the differentiation of monocytes into myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). Furthermore, blockade of GM-CSF with monoclonal antibodies helped to restore T-cell proliferation when cocultured with monocytes stimulated with tumor supernatants. GM-CSF expression was also observed in primary tumors and correlated with poor prognosis in PDAC patients. Together, these results describe a role of GM-CSF in the modification of chemotherapy-treated PDAC microenvironment and suggest that the targeting of GM-CSF may benefit PDAC patients' refractory to current anticancer regimens by defeating MDSC-mediated immune escape. Cancer Res; 75(13); 2629–40. ©2015 AACR.
Molecular Mechanisms of Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in a Mouse Model of Cerebral Ischemia
Authors: Desgeorges Marine Maud , Devillard Xavier , Toutain Jérome , Divoux Didier , Castells Josiane , Bernaudin Myriam , Touzani Omar , Freyssenet Damien Gilles 
Published: May 2015

Background and Purpose—
Loss of muscle mass and function is a severe complication in patients with stroke that contributes to promoting physical inactivity and disability. The deleterious consequences of skeletal muscle mass loss underline the necessity to identity the molecular mechanisms involved in skeletal muscle atrophy after cerebral ischemia.

Methods—
Transient focal cerebral ischemia (60 minutes) was induced by occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery in C57BL/6J male mice. Skeletal muscles were removed 3 days later and analyzed for the regulation of critical determinants of muscle mass homeostasis (Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, myostatin-Smad2/3 and bone morphogenetic protein-Smad1/5/8 signaling pathways, ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosome proteolytic pathways).

Results—
Cerebral ischemia induced severe sensorimotor deficits associated with muscle mass loss of the paretic limbs. Mechanistically, cerebral ischemia repressed Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway and increased expression of key players of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (MuRF1 [muscle RING finger-1], MAFbx [muscle atrophy F-box], Musa1 [muscle ubiquitin ligase of SCF complex in atrophy-1]), together with a marked increase in myostatin expression, in both paretic and nonparetic skeletal muscles. The Smad1/5/8 pathway was also activated.

Conclusions—
Our data fit with a model in which a repression of Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway and an increase in the expression of key players of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway are critically involved in skeletal muscle atrophy after cerebral ischemia. Cerebral ischemia also caused an activation of bone morphogenetic protein-Smad1/5/8 signaling pathway, suggesting that compensatory mechanisms are also concomitantly activated to limit the extent of skeletal muscle atrophy.
Racial/Ethnic Variation in Carotid Artery Revascularization Utilization and Outcomes
Authors: Wayangankar Siddharth A. , Kennedy Kevin F. , Aronow Herbert D. , Rundback John , Tafur Alfonso , Drachman Douglas , Patel Bhavin , Sivaram Chittur A. , Latif Faisal 
Published: May 2015

Background and Purpose—
It is not known whether racial or ethnic disparities observed with other revascularization procedures are also seen with carotid artery stenting (CAS) and endarterectomy (CEA).

Methods—
We compared the utilization and outcomes of CAS and CEA across racial/ethnic groups within the CARE Registry between May 2007 and December 2012.

Results—

Between 2007 and 2012, of the 13 129 patients who underwent CAS, majority were non-Hispanic whites (89.3%), followed by blacks (4.4%), Hispanics (4.3%), and other groups (2.0%). A similar distribution was observed among the 10 953 patients undergoing CEA (non-Hispanic whites, 92.6%; blacks, 3.5%; Hispanics, 2.8%; and other groups, 1.1%). During this time period, a trend toward proportionate increase in CAS utilization was observed in non-Hispanic whites and other groups, whereas the opposite was observed among Hispanics and blacks. This trend persisted even when hospitals performing both CAS and CEA were exclusively analyzed. Adherence to antiplatelet and statin therapy was significantly lower among blacks post CEA. In-hospital major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events remained comparable across groups post CAS and CEA. At 30 days, the incidence of stroke (7.2%) and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (8.8%) was higher among blacks post CEA (
P
<0.05), after risk adjustment.

Conclusion—
During the study period, utilization of CAS and CEA was highest among non-Hispanic whites. There was a trend toward increased CAS utilization over time among non-Hispanic whites and other groups, and a trend toward increased CEA utilization among Hispanics and blacks. In-hospital major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events remained comparable between groups, whereas 30-day major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events were significantly higher in blacks.
Functional and Motor Outcome 5 Years After Stroke Is Equivalent to Outcome at 2 Months
Authors: Meyer Sarah , Verheyden Geert , Brinkmann Nadine , Dejaeger Eddy , De Weerdt Willy , Feys Hilde , Gantenbein Andreas R. , Jenni Walter , Laenen Annouschka , Lincoln Nadina , Putman Koen , Schuback Birgit , Schupp Wilfried , Thijs Vincent , De Wit Liesbet 
Published: May 2015

Background and Purpose—
Recovery of patients within the first 6 months after stroke is well documented, but there has been little research on long-term recovery. The aim of this study was to analyze functional and motor recovery between admission to rehabilitation centres and 5 years after stroke.

Methods—
This follow-up of the Collaborative Evaluation of Rehabilitation in Stroke Across Europe study, included patients from 4 European rehabilitation centres. Patients were assessed on admission, at 2 and 6 months, and 5 years after stroke, using the Barthel Index, Rivermead Motor Assessment Gross Function, Leg and Trunk function, and Arm function. Linear mixed models were used, corrected for baseline characteristics. To account for the drop-out during follow-up, the analysis is likelihood-based (assumption of missingness at random).

Results—

A total of 532 patients were included in this study, of which 238 were followed up at 5 years post stroke. Mean age at stroke onset was 69 (±10 SD) years, 53% were men, 84% had ischemic strokes, and 53% had left-sided motor impairment. Linear mixed model analysis revealed a significant deterioration for all 4 outcomes between 6 months and 5 years (
P
<0.0001). Scores at 2 months were not statistically significant different from scores at 5 years after stroke. Higher age (
P
<0.0001) and increasing stroke severity on admission (
P
<0.0001) negatively affected long-term functional and motor recovery.

Conclusions—
Five-year follow-up revealed deterioration in functional and motor outcome, with a return to the level measured at 2 months. Increasing age and increasing stroke severity negatively affected recovery up to 5 years after stroke.
High-Elevation Precipitation Patterns: Using Snow Measurements to Assess Daily Gridded Datasets across the Sierra Nevada, California*
Authors: Lundquist Jessica D. , Abel Mimi R. , Henn Brian , Gutmann Ethan D. , Livneh Ben , Dozier Jeff , Neiman Paul 
Published: May 2015

AbstractGridded spatiotemporal maps of precipitation are essential for hydrometeorological and ecological analyses. In the United States, most of these datasets are developed using the Cooperative Observer (COOP) network of ground-based precipitation measurements, interpolation, and the Parameter–Elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) to map these measurements to places where data are not available. Here, we evaluate two daily datasets gridded at ° resolution against independent daily observations from over 100 snow pillows in California’s Sierra Nevada from 1990 to 2010. Over the entire period, the gridded datasets performed reasonably well, with median total water-year errors generally falling within ±10%. However, errors in individual storm events sometimes exceeded 50% for the median difference across all stations, and in many cases, the same underpredicted storms appear in both datasets. Synoptic analysis reveals that these underpredicted storms coincide with 700-hPa winds from the west or northwest, which are associated with post-cold-frontal flow and disproportionately small precipitation rates in low-elevation valley locations, where the COOP stations are primarily located. This atmospheric circulation leads to a stronger than normal valley-to-mountain precipitation gradient and underestimation of actual mountain precipitation. Because of the small average number of storms (<10) reaching California each year, these individual storm misses can lead to large biases (~20%) in total water-year precipitation and thereby significantly affect estimates of statewide water resources.