bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic significance of miRNA‐1 (miR‐1) expression in patients with chordoma
Authors: Duan Zhenfeng , Shen Jacson , Yang Xiaoqian , Yang Pei , Osaka Eiji , Choy Edwin , Cote Gregory , Harmon David , Zhang Yu , Nielsen G. Petur , Spentzos Dimitrios , Mankin Henry , Hornicek Francis 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTReliable prognostic biomarkers for chordoma have not yet been established. Recent studies revealed that expression of miRNA‐1 (miR‐1) is frequently downregulated in several cancer types including chordoma. The goal of this follow‐up study is to investigate the expression of miR‐1 as a prognostic biomarker and further confirm the functional role of miR‐1 in chordoma cell growth and proliferation. We determined the relative expression levels of miR‐1 and Met in chordoma tissue samples and correlated those to clinical variables. The results showed that miR‐1 was downregulated in 93.7% of chordoma tissues and expression was inversely correlated with Met expression. miR‐1 expression levels also correlated with clinical prognosis. To characterize and confirm the functional role of miR‐1 in the growth and proliferation of chordoma cells, miR‐1 precursors were stably transfected into chordoma cell lines UCH‐1 and CH‐22. Cell Proliferation Assay and MTT were used to evaluate cell growth and proliferation. Restoring expression of miR‐1 precursor decreased cell growth and proliferation in UCH‐1 and CH‐22 cells. These results indicate that suppressed miR‐1 expression in chordoma may in part be a driver for tumor growth, and that miR‐1 has potential to serve as prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for chordoma patients. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:695–701, 2014.
Intra‐arterial infusion and chemo‐embolization for melanoma liver metastases
Authors: Lodh Suhrid , Maher Richard , Guminski Alexander 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis article will review the rationale for hepatic arterial administration of agents to treat melanoma liver metastases, the techniques and practical considerations pertinent to hepatic arterial therapy, the variety of agents that have been used and the reported outcomes. Recent and emerging developments will be highlighted and the potential role of liver‐directed therapies in the context of molecular advances and improved systemic therapy will be discussed. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 109:376–382. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The use of glass ionomer cement in the reconstructıon of the dorsal L‐ strut: An experımental study on rabbıts
Authors: Aydoğan Filiz , Tüzüner Arzu , Ünlü Ilhan , Demirci Şule , Aydin Emine , Yumuşak Nihat , Taştan Eren , Keskin Muhsin Noyan , Samim Ethem Erdal 
Published: February 2014

Objectives/HypothesisThis experimental study in a rabbit model aimed to investigate the use of glass ionomer cement as a tissue adhesive on the dorsal L‐ strut.Study DesignSixteen adult male New Zealand White rabbits were used. The rabbits were equally divided into two groups as the control and the study groups.MethodsThe nasal septum was exposed through a superior approach. A graft was harvested preserving an L‐strut cartilage. In the control group, a vertical incision was performed on the dorsal part of the L‐strut to divide it into two cut ends, and the graft was sutured to the cut ends with 5‐0 polydioxanone suture. In the study group, the reconstruction of the dorsal L‐strut was made by fixing the graft to the cut ends with glass ionomer cement as the tissue adhesive. At 2 months, the rabbits were sacrificed. The nasal septum was removed for histopathological examination.ResultsNo foreign body giant cells or acute inflammation were determined in the rabbits. The study group had less pronounced chronic inflammation. Comparison of the groups revealed that parameters regarding vascularization, cartilage proliferation, and new cartilage cells were statistically significant different between the two groups (P = .010, P = .010, P = .028, respectively). More vascularization, cartilage proliferation, and new cartilage cells were seen in the study group.ConclusionsGlass ionomer cement was effective for the reconstruction of the dorsal L‐strut without any foreign body reaction, cartilage necrosis, or marked inflammation in rabbits, and it may be a potentially beneficial alternative to suture fixation.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 124:E303–E308, 2014
The Impacts of Changes in Land Use on Woodlands in an Equatorial African Savanna
Authors: Kalema Vettes N. , Witkowski Edward T. F. , Erasmus Barend F. N. , Mwavu Edward N. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractSavanna landscapes are vitally important in providing both ecological and economic services that sustain local livelihoods and national economies, particularly for sub‐Saharan African countries whose economies are mainly agrarian. Development prospects in savanna landscapes are however dependent on actions to avoid and to slow or reverse degradation and that are aided with a clear understanding of trends in land use/cover changes, their causes and implications for conservation. We analysed land use/cover changes based on three Landsat satellite images (1984, 1995 and 2000/2001) and the influence of human utilization on the changes in an equatorial African savanna, central Uganda, for the period 1984–2000/2001. The land cover classification and change analysis clearly identified the dominant land cover types, revealing a severe reduction in woodland cover with dense woodlands decreasing by 64%, over a 17‐year period. Consequently, medium woodland, open woodland and cultivation/settlements areas cover increased by 31%, 3% and 80%, respectively. The cover change analysis results were corroborated with interview results that also attributed the woodland cover loss to increasing commercial charcoal production, expanding livestock grazing, subsistence crop cultivation and an insecure land use tenure system. Indeed, the major land use types in the savanna are charcoal production, shifting crop cultivation and livestock rearing. The decreasing woody vegetation cover threatens the savanna's ability to continue providing ecosystems services to support the livelihoods of people who mainly depend on natural resources and are vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Reversible Crosslinks for Magnetically Addressable Shape‐Memory Polymers
Authors: Bai Shuo , Zou Hua , Dietsch Hervé , Simon Yoan C. , Weder Christoph 
Published: February 2014

Shape‐memory nanocomposites are reported, in which super‐paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) serve as both the crosslinks of a macromolecular network and inductive heating elements. SPIONs capped with polymerizable groups are synthesized in a one‐step reaction by oxidation of Fe(acac)3 in the presence of 5‐norbornene‐2‐carboxylic acid. Between 0.1 and 20 wt% of the resulting Fe3O4 nanoparticles are subsequently copolymerized with norbornene by ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) using Grubbs' 1st‐generation catalyst. This affords a series of crosslinked polynorbornenes in which the Fe3O4 nanoparticles are very well dispersed. The reversible nature of the non‐covalent binding of the polymerizable ligands to the Fe3O4 nanoparticles allows melting and processing of these materials at elevated temperature, with the shape‐memory properties are only retained for high Fe3O4 content.
image
Motor dysfunction influence on executive functioning in manifest and premanifest Huntington's disease
Authors: Hart Ellen P. , Dumas Eve M. , Schoonderbeek Anne , Wolthuis Shalane C. , van Zwet Erik W. , Roos Raymund A.C. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTMotor disturbances can be present in both manifest and premanifest Huntington's disease (HD). We aimed to investigate the role of motor functioning on executive functioning to better understand the progression of cognitive dysfunction in HD. Forty patients with manifest HD, 21 patients with premanifest HD, and a group of 28 controls were tested twice with a 1‐year interval. For the Symbol Digit Modalities Test and the Figure Fluency Test, extra conditions were designed to measure motor involvement. Subtraction of this motor score from the original test score resulted in isolation of the cognitive component. Groups were compared on motor, cognitive, and original test scores using multilevel regression analysis. Manifest patients had lower baseline scores of 0.53 standard deviations (SD) on the original Symbol Digit Modalities Test (P = 0.03) and 0.71 SD on the motor isolation part (P = 0.006), and they showed a deterioration of 0.47 SD over 1 year of follow‐up on the original Symbol Digit Modalities Test (P = 0.001) compared with controls. Premanifest patients had lower baseline scores of 0.67 SD on the Symbol Digit Modalities motor part (P = 0.008) and deterioration of 0.48 SD on the original (P = 0.001) and cognitive isolation (P = 0.02) parts. Secondary analyses revealed that the premanifest deterioration resulted from the close‐to‐predicted‐onset group. Motor disturbances have a negative influence on performance on the Symbol Digit Modalities Test. Isolation of the cognitive component of this test revealed cognitive deterioration in the premanifest group only, caused by deteriorating scores for patients who were close to their predicted clinical disease onset. The Figure Fluency Test did not prove sensitive to cognitive change. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Free‐breathing post‐contrast three‐dimensional T1 mapping: Volumetric assessment of myocardial T1 values
Authors: Weingärtner Sebastian , Akçakaya Mehmet , Roujol Sébastien , Basha Tamer , Stehning Christian , Kissinger Kraig V. , Goddu Beth , Berg Sophie , Manning Warren J. , Nezafat Reza 
Published: February 2014

PurposeTo develop a three‐dimensional (3D) free‐breathing myocardial T1 mapping sequence for assessment of left ventricle diffuse fibrosis after contrast administration.MethodsIn the proposed sequence, multiple 3D inversion recovery images are acquired in an interleaved manner. A mixed prospective/retrospective navigator scheme is used to obtain the 3D Cartesian k‐space data with fully sampled center and randomly undersampled outer k‐space. The resulting undersampled 3D k‐space data are then reconstructed using compressed sensing. Subsequently, T1 maps are generated by voxel‐wise curve fitting of the individual interleaved images. In a phantom study, the accuracy of the 3D sequence was evaluated against two‐dimensional (2D) modified Look‐Locker inversion recovery (MOLLI) and spin‐echo sequences. In vivo T1 times of the proposed method were compared with 2D multislice MOLLI T1 mapping. Subsequently, the feasibility of high‐resolution 3D T1 mapping with spatial resolution of 1.7 × 1.7 × 4 mm3 was demonstrated.ResultsThe proposed method shows good agreement with 2D MOLLI and the spin‐echo reference in phantom. No significant difference was found in the in vivo T1 times estimated using the proposed sequence and the 2D MOLLI technique (myocardium, 330 ± 66ms versus 319 ± 93 ms; blood pools, 211 ± 68 ms versus 210 ± 98 ms). However, improved homogeneity, as measured using standard deviation of the T1 signal, was observed in the 3D T1 maps.ConclusionThe proposed sequence enables high‐resolution 3D T1 mapping after contrast injection during free‐breathing with volumetric left ventricle coverage. Magn Reson Med 73:214–222, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Im Tonnenmaßstab gegen Malaria
Authors: Osterath Brigitte 
Published: February 2014

AbstractArtemisinin, einer der wichtigsten Wirkstoffe gegen Malaria, entsteht jetzt großtechnisch. Für die Industrie war es eine Herausforderung, das Verfahren zu entwickeln — und das nicht nur, weil Artemisinin ein organisches Peroxid ist.
Kinetics and mechanisms of gas‐phase decarbonylation of α‐methyl‐trans‐cinamaldehyde and E‐2‐methyl‐2‐pentenal under homogeneous catalysis of hydrogen chloride
Authors: Julio Libia L. , Lezama Jesus , Maldonado Alexis , Mora José R. , Chuchani Gabriel 
Published: February 2014

The kinetics of the gas‐phase elimination of α‐methyl‐trans‐cinamaldehyde catalyzed by HCl in the temperature range of 399.0–438.7 °C, and the pressure range of 38–165 Torr is a homogeneous, molecular, pseudo first‐order process and undergoing a parallel reaction to produce via (A) α‐methylstyrene and CO gas and via (B) β‐methylstyrene and CO gas. The decomposition of substrate E‐2‐methyl‐2‐pentenal was performed in the temperature range of 370.0–410.0 °C and the pressure range of 44–150 Torr also undergoing a molecular, pseudo first‐order reaction gives E‐2‐pentene and CO gas. These reactions were carried out in a static system seasoned reactions vessels and in the presence of toluene free radical inhibitor. The rate coefficients are given by the following Arrhenius expressions:Products formation from α‐methyl‐trans‐cinamaldehydeα‐methylstyrene:β‐methylstyrene:Products formation from E‐2‐methyl‐2‐pentenalE‐2‐pentene:The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for the thermal decomposition of α‐methyl‐trans‐cinamaldehyde suggest that via (A) proceeds through a bicyclic transition state type of mechanism to yield α‐methylstyrene and carbon monoxide, whereas via (B) through a five‐membered cyclic transition state to give β‐methylstyrene and carbon monoxide. However, the elimination of E‐2‐methyl‐2‐pentenal occurs by way of a concerted cyclic five‐membered transition state mechanism producing E‐2‐pentene and carbon monoxide. The present results support that uncatalyzed α‐β‐unsaturated aldehydes decarbonylate through a three‐membered cyclic transition state type of mechanism. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of Additives in the Combustion of Ammonium Dinitramide
Authors: Fujisato Koji , Habu Hiroto , Miyake Atsumi , Hori Keiichi , Vorozhtsov Alexander B. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe thermal decomposition behavior and combustion characteristics of mixtures of ammonium dinitramide (ADN) with additives were studied. Micrometer‐sized particles of Al, Fe2O3, TiO2, NiO, Cu(OH)NO3, copper, CuO, and nanometer‐sized particles of aluminum (Alex) and CuO (nano‐CuO) were employed. The thermal decomposition was measured by TG‐DTA and DSC. The copper compounds and NiO lowered the onset temperature of ADN decomposition. The heat value of ADN with Alex was larger than that of pure ADN in closed conditions. The burning rates and temperature of the pure ADN and ADN/additives mixtures were measured. CuO and NiO enhance the burning rate, particularly at pressures lower than 1 MPa, because of the catalyzed decomposition in the condensed phase; the other additives lower the burning rate. This negative effect on the burning rate is explained based on the surface temperature measurements by a physicochemical mechanism, which involves a chemical reaction, a phase change of the ammonium nitrate, and the blown‐off droplets of the condensed phase.
Effect of Carbon Dioxide on the Reactivity of the Oxidation of Boron Particles
Authors: Li Heping , Ao Wen , Wang Yang , Zhou Hua , Liu Jianzhong , Zhou Junhu 
Published: February 2014

AbstractCarbon dioxide produced in the primary combustion of propellants apparently affects the combustion of boron. In this study, the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the combustion of boron particles in a CO2 environment (solely or as a mixture with other gases) were investigated using thermogravimetric analyses. For the combustion of boron in an atmosphere containing 10 % oxygen, in addition to a large initial weight gain, a second increase in weight was observed when the temperature reached 1150 °C. However, when the combustion was carried out in pure CO2 atmosphere, the sample lost weight at temperatures above 1300 °C. The above results indicated that the layer of boron oxide covering the boron particles had a significant effect on the combustion process. With a limiting concentration of O2 (10 %), the initial temperature and effective activation energy slightly decreased as the content of CO2 increased from 0 to 30 %. However, a further increase in the CO2 content (50 %) increased the effective activation energy, indicating the inhibitory effects of CO2 at higher concentrations. Furthermore, the weight and the rate of weight gain gradually increased with increasing CO2 content. This behavior was attributed to the improvement in the diffusion of the oxidant. This study conclusively revealed that the inclusion of an optimal level of CO2 in a reaction environment containing O2 facilitated the combustion of boron particles.
Case‐only gene–environment interaction between ALAD tagSNPs and occupational lead exposure in prostate cancer
Authors: Neslund‐Dudas Christine , Levin Albert M. , Rundle Andrew , Beebe‐Dimmer Jennifer , Bock Cathryn H. , Nock Nora L. , Jankowski Michelle , Datta Indrani , Krajenta Richard , Dou Q. Ping , Mitra Bharati , Tang Deliang , Rybicki Benjamin A. 
Published: February 2014

BACKGROUNDBlack men have historically had higher blood lead levels than white men in the U.S. and have the highest incidence of prostate cancer in the world. Inorganic lead has been classified as a probable human carcinogen. Lead (Pb) inhibits delta‐aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), a gene recently implicated in other genitourinary cancers. The ALAD enzyme is involved in the second step of heme biosynthesis and is an endogenous inhibitor of the 26S proteasome, a master system for protein degradation and a current target of cancer therapy.METHODSUsing a case‐only study design, we assessed potential gene–environment (G × E) interactions between lifetime occupational Pb exposure and 11 tagSNPs within ALAD in black (N = 260) and white (N = 343) prostate cancer cases.RESULTSTwo ALAD tagSNPs in high linkage disequilibrium showed significant interaction with high Pb exposure among black cases (rs818684 interaction odds ratio or IOR = 2.73, 95% CI 1.43–5.22, P = 0.002; rs818689 IOR = 2.20, 95% CI 1.15–4.21, P = 0.017) and an additional tagSNP, rs2761016, showed G × E interaction with low Pb exposure (IOR = 2.08, 95% CI 1.13–3.84, P = 0.019). Further, the variant allele of rs818684 was associated with a higher Gleason grade in those with high Pb exposure among both blacks (OR 3.96, 95% CI 1.01–15.46, P = 0.048) and whites (OR 2.95, 95% CI 1.18–7.39, P = 0.020).CONCLUSIONSGenetic variation in ALAD may modify associations between Pb and prostate cancer. Additional studies of ALAD, Pb, and prostate cancer are warranted and should include black men. Prostate 74:637–646, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule (CD166): An “Inert” Cancer Stem Cell Marker for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer?
Authors: Tachezy Michael , Zander Hilke , Wolters-Eisfeld Gerrit , Müller Julia , Wicklein Daniel , Gebauer Florian , Izbicki Jakob R. , Bockhorn Maximilian 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Recently, the activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (CD166) was identified as an “inert” cancer stem cell (CSC) marker for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Few data exist regarding the clinical relevance of CD166 expression in NSCLC. We evaluated the expression of CD166 using immunohistochemistry in a large cohort of NSCLC patients (n = 1,910) on a tissue microarray basis. Expression was inversely associated with tumor size and lymph node status. Grading slightly failed to be significantly inversely associated, and survival analysis revealed no significant survival benefit of CD166-positive patients. Due to the results of this study, the theory of CD166 as a CSC marker for NSCLC must be questioned. The association of CD166 with smaller tumors and no nodal metastases does not make it a typical CSC marker. Further studies are required to investigate the functional role of CD166 in NSCLC. Stem Cells 2014;32:1429–1436
Minimum flexural reinforcement in rectangular and T‐section concrete beams
Authors: Carpinteri Alberto , Cadamuro Erica , Corrado Mauro 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe prescriptions provided by codes of practice for assessing the minimum reinforcement amount for strength purposes in reinforced concrete beams usually disregard the non‐linear contribution of concrete in tension and size‐scale effects. In the present paper, these phenomena are taken into account correctly in the description of the flexural failure in lightly reinforced concrete beams by means of a numerical algorithm based on non‐linear fracture mechanics. In this context, the application of dimensional analysis permits a reduction in the number of governing parameters. In particular, it is demonstrated analytically that only two dimensionless parameters, referred to as reinforcement brittleness number and stress brittleness number, are responsible for the brittle‐to‐ductile transition in the mechanical response. According to this approach, new formulae suitable for evaluating the minimum reinforcement in practical applications is proposed for both rectangular and T‐sections. A comparison with experimental results demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed model for different reinforcement percentages and beam depths.
An In Vitro alveolar macrophage assay for the assessment of inflammatory cytokine expression induced by atmospheric particulate matter
Authors: Sijan Zana , Antkiewicz Dagmara S. , Heo Jongbae , Kado Norman Y. , Schauer James J. , Sioutas Constantinos , Shafer Martin M. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTExposures to air pollution in the form of particulate matter (PM) can result in excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the respiratory system, potentially causing both localized cellular injury and triggering a systemic inflammatory response. PM‐induced inflammation in the lung is modulated in large part by alveolar macrophages and their biochemical signaling, including production of inflammatory cytokines, the primary mechanism via which inflammation is initiated and sustained. We developed a robust, relevant, and flexible method employing a rat alveolar macrophage cell line (NR8383) which can be applied to routine samples of PM from air quality monitoring sites to gain insight into the drivers of PM toxicity that lead to oxidative stress and inflammation. Method performance was characterized using extracts of ambient and vehicular engine exhaust PM samples. Our results indicate that the reproducibility and the sensitivity of the method are satisfactory and comparisons between PM samples can be made with good precision. The average relative percent difference for all genes detected during 10 different exposures was 17.1%. Our analysis demonstrated that 71% of genes had an average signal to noise ratio (SNR) ≥ 3. Our time course study suggests that 4 h may be an optimal in vitro exposure time for observing short‐term effects of PM and capturing the initial steps of inflammatory signaling. The 4 h exposure resulted in the detection of 57 genes (out of 84 total), of which 86% had altered expression. Similarities and conserved gene signaling regulation among the PM samples were demonstrated through hierarchical clustering and other analyses. Overlying the core congruent patterns were differentially regulated genes that resulted in distinct sample‐specific gene expression “fingerprints.” Consistent upregulation of Il1f5 and downregulation of Ccr7 was observed across all samples, while TNFα was upregulated in half of the samples and downregulated in the other half. Overall, this PM‐induced cytokine expression assay could be effectively integrated into health studies and air quality monitoring programs to better understand relationships between specific PM components, oxidative stress activity and inflammatory signaling potential. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 836–851, 2015.