bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-Traditional Finance and the Infrastructural Imagination of Geoeconomic Hegemony: The Case of Russia’s War in Ukraine
Authors: Langenohl Andreas , Burghardt Kevin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Against the background of the war waged by Russia against Ukraine, this paper addresses the role of non-traditional financial infrastructures in geopolitical struggles that are conducted by geoeconomic means. Non-traditional finance (in the following: NTF),1 like cryptocurrencies, crypto exchanges, and related services, promises to provide financial security—for instance, in terms of payments—outside of traditional financial infrastructures. NTF gains geopolitical significance in the wake of the US and EU-led financial sanctions against Russian institutions and individuals. The paper investigates this potentially new role of NTF through a theoretical and conceptual architecture that views hegemony, including geopolitical hegemony, from a social-theoretical standpoint: Hegemony is conceptualized as the result of “articulations”—that is, contingent interrelations encompassing both linkages and distinctions—between heterogeneous elements in which the respective role and function of those elements is re-defined through the articulation. With regard to the emerging role of NTF in geopolitical conflicts, the question is how political perceptions of geopolitical conflict and agency are iterated in terms of non-traditional financial infrastructures, and how, in turn, those infrastructures are articulated with respect to their political weight. The paper empirically analyzes the ways in which NTF agents and organizations have been addressed as geopolitical factors in the war confrontation between Russia and Ukraine by political institutions (focusing on the United States, the EU, Russia, and Ukraine), and how they understand their role themselves. Findings show that NTF, in spite of its rising prominence, use, and promise of autonomy, has effectively been articulated as an infrastructure whose concerns with financial and payment security must be subordinated to considerations of political security and international supremacy. In that articulation, Western, Russian, and Ukrainian governments significantly differ with respect to the ways they deploy an infrastructural imagination to define their interests and their views on NTF in the conflict.
Differential item functioning of the revised Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM-R) in racially and income diverse youth with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Choquette Adora E , Berlin Kristoffer S , Desai Kishan R , Ankney Rachel L , Tillery-Webster Rachel , Harry Kasey R , Holden LaTasha , Cook Jessica L , Keenan-Pfeiffer Mary E , Semenkovich Katherine A , Klages Kimberly L , Rybak Tiffany J , Banks Gabrielle G , Sumpter Kathryn , Eddington Angelica R 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
Racially minoritized youth with T1D are made vulnerable to disproportionately adverse health outcomes compared to White peers due to enduring systems of oppression. Thus, understanding modifiable psychosocial factors associated with diabetes-related outcomes in racially minoritized youth may help to buffer deleterious effects of racism. One factor meriting exploration is racial-ethnic identity. There is currently limited research on measures fit to assess ethnic identity in youth with chronic illnesses. This study’s purpose is to examine the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the revised Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM-R) in a racially- and income-diverse sample of youth with T1D across sociodemographic and illness-related proxies for one’s positionality in oppressive systems.

Method
As part of a larger study examining resilience, 142 youth with T1D ages 12–18 (Mage = 14.66, SDage = 1.62, 55.6% Black/African-American, 44.4% White) completed the MEIM-R and various psychosocial measures. HbA1c levels and illness duration were extracted from medical records and caregivers reported income information. Confirmatory factor analyses compared the structural validity of competing MEIM-R models, and uniform and non-uniform differential item functioning (DIF) was explored across sociodemographic and illness-related factors.

Results
While a bifactor structure was supported, the MEIM-R was found to exhibit DIF by race and gender on multiple MEIM-R items and did not demonstrate linear bivariate relations with other psychosocial factors.

Conclusions
Since different MEIM-R item response patterns were observed across racial/ethnic and gender groups, caution is warranted in using this measure in racially and gender diverse youth with T1D.
Invasion of the stigma by oomycete pathogenic hyphae or pollen tubes: striking similarities and differences
Authors: Riglet Lucie , Hok Sophie , Kebdani-Minet Naïma , Le Berre Joëlle , Gourgues Mathieu , Rozier Frédérique , Bayle Vincent , Bancel-Vallée Lesli , Allasia Valérie , Keller Harald , Da Rocha Martine , Attard Agnés , Fobis-Loisy Isabelle 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Both the pollen tube and hyphae of filamentous pathogens penetrate the outer layer of the host and then grow within host tissues. Early epidermal responses are decisive for the outcome of these two-cell interaction processes. We identified a single cell type, the papilla in the stigma of Arabidospis, as a tool to conduct a comprehensive comparative analysis on how an epidermal cell responds to the invasion of an unwanted pathogen or a welcome pollen tube. We showed that Phytophthora parasitica, a root oomycete, effectively breaches the stigmatic cell wall and develops as a biotroph within the papilla cytoplasm. These invasive features resemble the behaviour exhibited by the pathogen within its natural host cell, but diverge from the manner in which the pollen tube progresses, being engulfed within the papilla cell wall. Quantitative analysis revealed that both invaders trigger reorganization of the stigmatic endomembrane system and the actin cytoskeleton. While some remodelling processes are shared between the two interactions, others appear more specific towards the respective invader. These findings underscore the remarkable ability of an epidermal cell to differentiate between two types of invaders, thereby enabling it to trigger the most suitable response during the onset of invasion.
Probing Defectivity Beneath the Hydrocarbon Blanket in 2D hBN Using TEM-EELS
Authors: Byrne Dana O , Ciston Jim , Allen Frances I 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The controlled creation and manipulation of defects in 2D materials has become increasingly popular as a means to design and tune new material functionalities. However, defect characterization by direct atomic-scale imaging is often severely limited by surface contamination due to a blanket of hydrocarbons. Thus, analysis techniques that can characterize atomic-scale defects despite the contamination layer are advantageous. In this work, we take inspiration from X-ray absorption spectroscopy and use broad-beam electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) to characterize defect structures in 2D hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) based on averaged fine structure in the boron K-edge. Since EELS is performed in a transmission electron microscope (TEM), imaging can be performed in-situ to assess contamination levels and other factors such as tears in the fragile 2D sheets, which can affect the spectroscopic analysis. We demonstrate the TEM-EELS technique for 2D hBN samples irradiated with different ion types and doses, finding spectral signatures indicative of boron–oxygen bonding that can be used as a measure of sample defectiveness depending on the ion beam treatment. We propose that even in cases where surface contamination has been mitigated, the averaging-based TEM-EELS technique can be useful for efficient sample surveys to support atomically resolved EELS experiments.
A statistical framework for recovering intensity mapping autocorrelations from cross-correlations
Authors: McBride Lisa , Liu Adrian 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Intensity mapping experiments will soon have surveyed large swathes of the sky, providing information about the underlying matter distribution of our early Universe. The resulting maps can be used to recover statistical information, such as the power spectrum, about the measured spectral lines (for example, H i, [C ii], and [O iii]). However precise power spectrum measurements, such as the 21 cm autocorrelation, continue to be challenged by the presence of bright foregrounds and non-trivial systematics. By cross-correlating different data sets, it may be possible to mitigate the effects of both foreground uncertainty and uncorrelated instrumental systematics. Beyond their own merit, cross-correlations could also be used to recover autocorrelation information. Such a technique has been proposed in the literature for recovering the 21 cm power spectrum. Generalizing this result, we develop a statistical framework for combining multiple cross-correlation signals in order to infer information about the corresponding autocorrelations. We do this first within the least squares estimator framework, and show how one can derive their estimator, along with several alternative estimators. We also investigate the posterior distribution of recovered autocorrelation and associated model parameters. We find that for certain noise regimes and cosmological signal modelling assumptions this procedure is effective at recovering autospectra from a set of cross-correlations. Finally, we showcase our framework in the context of several near-future line intensity mapping experiments.
DNA-encoded probe-based assay for profiling plant kinase activities
Authors: Chien Yuan-Chi , Valencia C Alexander , Lee Han Yong , Yoon Gyeong Mee , Kim Dongwook 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Elucidating kinase–substrate relationships is pivotal for deciphering cellular signaling mechanisms, yet it remains challenging due to the complexity of kinase networks. Herein, we report the development of a versatile DNA-based kinase assay platform for high-throughput profiling of plant protein kinase activities and substrate preferences. Our approach employs DNA-linked peptide substrates, facilitating quantitative and specific kinase activity detection through next-generation DNA sequencing. Leveraging DNA barcodes as quantitative readouts, our approach establishes a high-throughput, sensitive, and specific platform for dissecting kinase–substrate networks in plants, representing a powerful tool for elucidating signaling mechanisms in plants.
Topology Testing and Demographic Modeling Illuminate a Novel Speciation Pathway in the Greater Caribbean Sea Following the Formation of the Isthmus of Panama
Authors: Titus Benjamin M , Gibbs H Lisle , Simões Nuno , Daly Marymegan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Recent genomic analyses have highlighted the prevalence of speciation with gene flow in many taxa and have underscored the importance of accounting for these reticulate evolutionary processes when constructing species trees and generating parameter estimates. This is especially important for deepening our understanding of speciation in the sea where fast-moving ocean currents, expanses of deep water, and periodic episodes of sea level rise and fall act as soft and temporary allopatric barriers that facilitate both divergence and secondary contact. Under these conditions, gene flow is not expected to cease completely while contemporary distributions are expected to differ from historical ones. Here, we conduct range-wide sampling for Pederson’s cleaner shrimp (Ancylomenes pedersoni), a species complex from the Greater Caribbean that contains three clearly delimited mitochondrial lineages with both allopatric and sympatric distributions. Using mtDNA barcodes and a genomic ddRADseq approach, we combine classic phylogenetic analyses with extensive topology testing and demographic modeling (10 site frequency replicates × 45 evolutionary models × 50 model simulations/replicate = 22,500 simulations) to test species boundaries and reconstruct the evolutionary history of what was expected to be a simple case study. Instead, our results indicate a history of allopatric divergence, secondary contact, introgression, and endemic hybrid speciation that we hypothesize was driven by the final closure of the Isthmus of Panama and the strengthening of the Gulf Stream Current ~3.5 Ma. The history of this species complex recovered by model-based methods that allow reticulation differs from that recovered by standard phylogenetic analyses and is unexpected given contemporary distributions. The geologically and biologically meaningful insights gained by our model selection analyses illuminate what is likely a novel pathway of species formation not previously documented that resulted from one of the most biogeographically significant events in Earth’s history.
Supplementing a Bacillus-based direct-fed microbial improves feed efficiency in lactating dairy cows
Authors: Terré Marta , Prat Norbert , Sabrià Daniel , Queiroz Oscar , Joergensen Jens N , Copani Giuseppe , Cappellozza Bruno I 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding a Bacillus-based direct-fed microbial (DFM) on performance and nutrient digestibility of lactating dairy cows. Seventy-six lactating (42 ± 6 days in milk [DIM]) Holstein–Friesian primiparous and multiparous cows were enrolled to a 16-wk experiment. Cows were blocked by lactation number and DIM and within blocks, assigned to 1 of the 2 treatments: 1) basal partial-mixed ration (PMR) without DFM addition (n = 38; CON) or 2) basal PMR with the addition of 3 g/head/d of a DFM containing B. licheniformis 809 and B. subtilis 810 (n = 38; BOVACILLUS, Chr. Hansen A/S, Hørsholm, Denmark; DFM). The DFM was mixed in a protein-based pellet, whereas the CON group was fed the same pellet without DFM (0.6 kg/cow/d). The PMR contained (dry matter [DM] basis) 50% of forage and 48% of a concentrate feed based on corn meal, soybean meal, wheat meal, wheat middlings, and a mineral–vitamin premix, with the remaining part of the diet being represented by the pellet used as a carrier for the treatments (CON and DFM). Dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield, and production efficiency were recorded daily, whereas milk protein and fat concentrations were recorded using electronic milk meters. An additional milk sample was collected every second week of the study for milk composition. On week 15 of the study, fecal samples were collected from each cow for apparent nutrient digestibility calculation. All data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS (version 9.4; SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC). No treatment effects were observed on cow final body weight, daily DMI, milk yield, energy-corrected milk (ECM), ECM efficiency, milk composition (yield or content), and somatic cell count (SCC) (P ≥ 0.12). However, cows fed DFM had a greater feed and N efficiency (P ≤ 0.03) compared to cows fed CON. Moreover, DM digestibility tended to be greater for DFM-fed cows when compared to CON (P = 0.10), whereas no further nutrient digestibility differences were observed (P ≥ 0.24). In summary, supplementing a DFM containing Bacillus licheniformis and B. subtilis benefited feed efficiency of lactating dairy cows fed a PMR, while also tending to improve the digestibility of DM.
An innovative and effective approach of cervical canal penetration in patients diagnosed with type II vaginal atresia with adequate uterine corpus development: A case series
Authors: Xue Lujie , Zhang Lu , Sun Chenyang , Yang Xiaomei , Li Bin , Liu Li , Jiang Xiangyang , Chen Lihong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

We introduced our experience for an innovative and effective approach for cervical canal penetration in patients diagnosed with type II vaginal atresia with adequate uterine corpus development. The uterine cavity and neovagina was connected through the puncture set for percutaneous nephrostomy while maintaining the integrity of the uterus and cervix under laparoscopic and transvaginal ultrasound monitoring. A porcine small intestine submucosal graft was fitted into the artificial vaginal wall. There were few side effects and no obvious sequelae.
Immunoglobulin-Mediated Cardiac Protection From Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Diabetic Rats Is Associated With Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase/Glucose Transporter-4 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Babiker Fawzi , Al-Kouh Aisha 
Published: July 2024

Abstract:
The role of intravenous immunoglobulin in protecting the diabetic heart from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is unclear. Hearts isolated from adult diabetic and nondiabetic Wistar rats (n = 8 per group) were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) either 2 hours before euthanasia, before ischemia, or at reperfusion. Hemodynamic data were acquired using the Isoheart software version 1.524-S. Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury was evaluated by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining and troponin T levels. The levels of apoptosis markers, caspases-3/8, antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase, glucose transporters, GLUT-1 and GLUT-4, phosphorylated ERK1/2, and phosphorylated eNOS were estimated by Western blotting. Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Intravenous immunoglobulin administration abolished the effects of I/R injury in hearts subjected to hyperglycemia when infused at reperfusion, before ischemia, or at reperfusion in 4-week diabetic rat hearts and only at reperfusion in 6-week diabetic rat hearts. IVIG infusion resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) recovery of cardiac hemodynamics and decreased infarct size. IVIG also reduced the levels of troponin T, apoptotic enzymes, and proinflammatory cytokines. IVIG significantly (P < 0.05) increased the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, antioxidant enzymes, GLUT-4, and phosphorylated eNOS. Intravenous immunoglobulin protected the hearts from I/R injury if infused at reperfusion in the presence of hyperglycemia, in 4- and 6-week diabetic rat hearts, and when infused before ischemia in 4-week diabetic rat hearts. IVIG exerts its cardioprotective effects associated with the upregulated phosphorylated eNOS/GLUT-4 pathway.
Original Antigenic Sin on Antibody Response in SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Wang Miao , Guo Huimin , Ju Bin , Zhang Zheng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Infection and vaccination can provide protective immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants has persisted, leading to breakthrough infections. Owing to the original antigenic sin (OAS), variant breakthrough infection or vaccination potentially induces a stronger antibody response against the ancestral strain than to subsequent variants, as in the case of influenza. Thus, overcoming OAS is important for the development of future vaccine designs. This review summarizes the recent findings on OAS in the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 and its variants, with an emphasis on future vaccine designs.
Autism Identification and Referral: How Best to Equip Physician Assistant Students for Successful Practice
Authors: Blome Leslie , Sivahop Jacqueline 
Published: July 2024

Introduction
Although physician assistants (PAs) are increasingly well-positioned to identify autism and provide appropriate referrals, little research has focused on their preparation to do so. The purpose of this study was to understand PA students' perspectives about what would help them feel more confident to identify autism and talk with families about it. Advantages and constraints to embedding autism training within the curriculum were also explored. Implications for practice are identified.

Methods
In this qualitative case study, robust thematic analysis was used to extricate the codes and themes from document review and semistructured interviews with 9 PA students and the program director (PD), from one PA program.

Results
One primary theme, refresher needed, emerged from the student interviews. Three subthemes reflected potential formats for a refresher: conversational role-play, verbiage for talking about autism and addressing vaccine hesitancy, and experiential learning opportunities. Two themes emerged from the interview with the PD: challenges to embedding autism in the curriculum and benefits of addressing autism.

Discussion
This study highlights the importance of incorporating robust, nuanced information about autism into PA training programs. Students desired brief role-plays and experiential activities to augment the basic autism information they received from their didactic lecture. Embedding autism into the curriculum can develop students' critical thinking skills while addressing the rising prevalence of this condition. Given the importance of targeted early intervention for this population and the expanding role of PAs in primary care, it is incumbent on PA education programs to provide students with the knowledge they need to provide autism care with confidence and compassion.
High Above-Knee Amputations for Femoral Osteosarcomas Treated with Free Microsurgical Tibial Reconstruction in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Wilkes Courtney G. , Huang Andrew H. , McCombe David B. , Coombs Christopher J. 
Published: July 2024

Summary:
Improvements in the management of pediatric sarcoma, including imaging, neo- and adjuvant therapy, and surgical technique, have enhanced long-term survival. Pediatric patients diagnosed with a femoral osteosarcoma undergoing oncologic resection who are ineligible for limb-preservation reconstruction or rotationplasty are offered an above-knee amputation (AKA). Limb amputation in the skeletally immature patient poses particular problems specific to endosteal bone overgrowth and spiking. Approximately half of these patients undergo revision of their amputation site. Furthermore, a high AKA often requires a hip-based prosthesis, which can be uncomfortable, leading to poorer outcomes and higher energy expenditures. The authors have completed 4 “spare parts” microvascular free tibial transfers for pediatric patients diagnosed with femoral osteosarcoma who were treated with an AKA. Two of these patients are ambulatory with their prosthesis and have not required long-term revision of their amputation site. One patient demonstrated radiographic evidence of bony union 4 months postoperatively, but subsequently died of chemotherapy-resistant metastases. The fourth patient is in the process of prosthetic fitting and rehabilitation. This is a novel technique, and the authors present the first series describing both proximal and distal free microvascular tibial bone transfers as a reconstructive option for pediatric patients with femoral osteosarcomas. This reliable flap, which has possible variations in vascular anatomy, offers multiple benefits, including prevention of bony spiking, AKA stump augmentation, and facilitation of appropriate prosthetic fitting, improving functional outcomes and leading to decreased energy expenditure. The soft-tissue coverage must be well-planned.