bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cold loops applied to bipolar resectoscope: A safe “one‐step” myomectomy for treatment of submucosal myomas with intramural development
Authors: Di Spiezio Sardo Attilio , Calagna Gloria , Di Carlo Costantino , Guida Maurizio , Perino Antonio , Nappi Carmine 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimTo assess the safety and efficacy of cold loop myomectomy applied to bipolar resectoscope to perform “one‐step” myomectomy of submucosal myomas with intramural involvement.MethodsSeventy‐two patients with at least one symptomatic G1 or G2 myoma (Wamsteker's classification) underwent cold loop myomectomy from January 2011 to January 2013. All surgical procedures were performed using a 26Fr resectoscope and bipolar energy source. At one month after the procedure, all patients underwent an office hysteroscopy check‐up. A subgroup of seven infertile patients underwent an office hysteroscopy every two‐weeks to evaluate recovery time of the myometrial fovea.ResultsResectoscopic myomectomies were successfully performed in one surgical step in 70 out of 72 patients without any significant complications. Overall, the mean diameter of resected myomas was 32.2 ± 9 mm. Median operative time was 34.2 ± 24.1 min. Median fluid deficit was 761.22 ± 480.34 ml. The fovea was almost completely restored (>80%) six weeks after surgery in six of the seven infertile patients who underwent repeated follow‐up office hysteroscopies every two weeks.ConclusionsData from the present study show that the use of cold loops applied to bipolar resectoscope represent an effective, safe technique for “one‐step” myomectomy of G1‐G2 myomas, allowing rapid recovery of the myometrial fovea.
A Urologist's Guide to Ingredients Found in Top-Selling Nutraceuticals for Men's Sexual Health
Authors: Cui Tao , Kovell Robert C. , Brooks David C. , Terlecki Ryan P. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Introduction
Use of supplements is common among men seeking urologic evaluation for sexual health matters. With a dizzying array of formulations available and little regulation on the dosage, purity, or ingredients found in these products, the health effects of nutraceuticals are often confusing to patients and medical practitioners alike.

Aim
In this review, we set out to concisely summarize the data on ingredients found within the top-selling nutraceutical agents marketed for men's sexual health in order to provide a clinical guide for urologists.

Methods
We used sales data from the most popular retail provider of men's health supplements to identify the top-selling products marketed toward improvement of men's sexual health. We summarized the available information related to the ingredients, dosage, cost, and mechanism of action for these substances and performed an extensive literature search to identify and review the current evidence available for each of the most common ingredients found in these nutraceuticals.

Results
The top-selling nutraceuticals marked for men's sexual health contain a blend of multiple supplements (up to 33 in one formulation identified), the most common being ginseng, tribulus, zinc, horny goat weed, B complex vitamins/trace minerals, fenugreek, L-arginine, maca, DHEA, ginkgo, and yohimbine. The currently available medical literature evaluating the efficacy of these substances is generally of low quality.

Conclusions
Despite the dearth of evidence supporting nutraceutical agents in the men's health arena, these substances are still commonly used by patients. As these products can affect the health and well-being of men presenting to a urology clinic, a familiarity with commonly used agents can help the urologist appropriately counsel their patients.
The Fusarium solani species complex: ubiquitous pathogens of agricultural importance
Authors: Coleman Jeffrey J. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryMembers of the Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) are capable of causing disease in many agriculturally important crops. The genomes of some of these fungi include supernumerary chromosomes that are dispensable and encode host‐specific virulence factors. In addition to genomics, this review summarizes the known molecular mechanisms utilized by members of the FSSC in establishing disease.TaxonomyKingdom Fungi; Phylum Ascomycota; Class Sordariomycetes; Order Hypocreales; Family Nectriaceae; Genus Fusarium.Host rangeMembers of the FSSC collectively have a very broad host range, and have been subdivided previously into formae speciales. Recent phylogenetic analysis has revealed that formae speciales correspond to biologically and phylogenetically distinct species.Disease symptomsTypically, FSSC causes foot and/or root rot of the infected host plant, and the degree of necrosis correlates with the severity of the disease. Symptoms on above‐ground portions of the plant can vary greatly depending on the specific FSSC pathogen and host plant, and the disease may manifest as wilting, stunting and chlorosis or lesions on the stem and/or leaves.ControlImplementation of agricultural management practices, such as crop rotation and timing of planting, can reduce the risk of crop loss caused by FSSC. If available, the use of resistant varieties is another means to control disease in the field.Useful websiteshttp://genome.jgi‐psf.org/Necha2/Necha2.home.html
Localization and expression of TRPV1 and TRPA1 in the human oropharynx and larynx
Authors: Alvarez‐Berdugo D. , Rofes L. , Farré R. , Casamitjana J. F. , Enrique A. , Chamizo J. , Padrón A. , Navarro X. , Clavé P. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have found that TRPV1 and TRPA1 receptor agonists improve swallow response in patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD), but little is known about the expression of these receptors in the human oropharynx. The aim of this study was to assess the expression and localization of TRPV1 and TRPA1 in human samples from the oropharynx of healthy patients, to provide the basis for new pharmacological treatments for OD.MethodsSamples from oropharyngeal regions innervated by cranial nerves V, IX, and X (tongue, pharynx, and epiglottis) were obtained during ENT surgery and processed either for mRNA (21 patients) or for immunohistochemical assays (seven patients). The expression analysis was performed with RT‐qPCR using ACTBh as reference gene. Hemotoxylin and eosin staining was used to study the histology; the immunohistochemical assay used (i) neuron‐specific enolase to detect nerve fibers or (ii) fluorescent probes to locate TRPV1 and TRPA1.ResultsTRPV1 was expressed in the three studied regions, with higher levels in CN V region (tongue) than in CN X region (epiglottis; p < 0.05), and was localized at epithelial cells and nociceptive fibers in all studied regions. TRPA1 was also expressed in all studied regions, but was always localized below the basal lamina. No immunoreactivity for TRPA1 was found on epithelial cells.Conclusions & InferencesTRPV1 and TRPA1 are widely expressed in the human oropharynx with two distinct patterns. Our study further confirms that TRPV1/A1 receptors are promising therapeutic targets to develop active treatments for OD patients.
Airway management in laryngotracheal injuries from blunt neck trauma in children
Authors: Chatterjee Debnath , Agarwal Rita , Bajaj Lalit , Teng Sarena N. , Prager Jeremy D. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryPediatric laryngotracheal injuries from blunt neck trauma are extremely rare, but can be potentially catastrophic. Early diagnosis and skillful airway management is critical in avoiding significant morbidity and mortality associated with these cases. We present a case of a patient who suffered a complete tracheal transection and cervical spine fracture following a clothesline injury to the anterior neck. A review of the mechanisms of injury, clinical presentation, initial airway management, and anesthetic considerations in laryngotracheal injuries from blunt neck trauma in children are presented.
Cognitive‐behavioural therapy for heroin and cocaine use: Ecological momentary assessment of homework simplification and compliance
Authors: Willner‐Reid Jessica , Whitaker Damiya , Epstein David H. , Phillips Karran A. , Pulaski Amber R. , Preston Kenzie L. , Willner Paul 
Published: November 2015

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of homework‐task difficulty and electronic‐diary reminders on written homework completion during cognitive‐behavioural therapy (CBT) for addiction. Completion of homework is an important element in CBT that may affect outcome.DesignAll participants received all combinations of our two interventions in a factorial 2 × 2 counterbalanced Latin‐square design.MethodsMethadone‐maintained cocaine and heroin users were given homework between each of 12 weekly CBT sessions and carried electronic diaries that collected ecological momentary assessment (EMA) data on craving and exposure to drug‐use triggers in four 3‐week blocks assessing two levels of homework difficulty and prompted and unprompted homework.ResultsNeither simplified (picture‐based) homework nor electronic reminders increased homework completion. In EMA reports, standard but not simplified homework seemed to buffer the craving that followed environmental exposure to drug cues. EMA recordings before and after the CBT intervention confirmed a decrease over time in craving for cocaine and heroin.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate the utility of EMA to assess treatment effects. However, the hypothesis that simplified homework would increase compliance was not supported.Practitioner points
Our simplifications of homework assignments for cognitive‐behavioural therapy were mostly ineffective, or even counterproductive, perhaps because they did not engage sufficient depth of processing or because they were perceived as too simplistic.
Our reminder beeps for homework were mostly ineffective, or even counterproductive, suggesting that mobile electronic interventions for substance‐use disorders may need to be more interactive.
Impact of delirium on weaning from mechanical ventilation in medical patients
Authors: Jeon Kyeongman , Jeong Byeong‐Ho , Ko Myeong Gyun , Nam Jimyoung , Yoo Hongseok , Chung Chi Ryang , Suh Gee Young 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackground and objectiveDelirium is an important predictor of negative clinical outcomes in intensive care unit (ICU), including prolonged mechanical ventilation (MV). However, delirium has not yet proven to be directly linked to weaning difficulties. The objective of this cohort study was to evaluate the association between delirium, as observed on the day of the weaning trial, and subsequent weaning outcomes in medical patients.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis with prospectively collected data on weaning from mechanical ventilation (MV) and delirium, as assessed by bedside ICU nurses using the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM‐ICU) between October 2011 and September 2013.ResultsDuring the study period, a total of 393 patients with MV support underwent a spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) according to the standardized protocol. Of these patients, 160 (40.7%) were diagnosed with delirium on the day of the first SBT. Patients without delirium were more successfully extubated than those with delirium (81.5% vs 69.4%, P = 0.005). Delirium was found to be associated with final weaning outcomes, including difficult (OR 1.962, 95% CI 1.201–3.205) and prolonged weaning (OR 2.318, 95% CI 1.272–4.226) when simple weaning was used as a reference category. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, delirium was still significantly associated with difficult weaning (adjusted OR 2.073, 95% CI 1.124–3.822), but not with prolonged weaning (adjusted OR 2.001, 95% CI 0.875–4.575).ConclusionDelirium, as assessed by the CAM‐ICU at the time of first weaning trial, was significantly associated with weaning difficulties in medical patients.
Phylogeny of the Homalotina (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) based on morphology
Authors: KIM YOON‐HO , AHN KEE‐JEONG 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe aleocharine subtribe Homalotina Heer represents one of the most diverse lineages of Staphylinidae. Despite its wide distribution and diversity, the phylogenetic relationships of the subtribe remain poorly understood. Here, we present the first cladistic analysis of the Homalotina based on morphological data. The subtribe is hypothesized to be a monophyletic group consisting of seven genera (Anomognathus Solier, Cephaloxynum Bernhauer, Holisomimus Cameron, Homalota Mannerheim, Neomalota Cameron, Stenomastax Cameron, and Thecturota Casey). The dataset for phylogenetic analysis comprised 83 characters representing 245 character states derived from adult morphology. These data were analysed using equal weighting and implied weighting schemes (k = 1–6) and results support the monophyly of the subtribe based on two synapomorphic characters (complete postoccipital sutures on head, posterolateral margin of metacoxae with macrosetae) and three homoplastic characters (medial setae on prementum not extended to apex of ligula, medial setae on labium contiguous, posterolateral angle of elytron slightly sinuate). Generic relationships differ in each analysis within the Homalotina (EW, IW with k = 1, 2–4, 5–6) although there are some identical topologies among the IW trees. Clades A, B, C, D, H, J and G were resolved as monophyletic in all weighting regimes. The monophyly of the genera is relatively well supported except for the genera Homalota and Stenomastax. Homalota species were recovered in four independent clades (clade C, D, I, K) and the Stenomastax species were recovered in two independent lineages. Candidates for the possible new genera are discussed. We herein transfer Homalota flavomaculata Bernhauer to the genus Stenomastax, resulting in the new combination [Stenomastax flavomaculata (Bernhauer)]. Our preliminary character correlation tests using phylogenetic pairwise comparisons did not support the hypothesis of association between flattened body form, and subcortical habitat and anterior shift of antennal insertion in Homalotini.
Albumin versus solvent/detergent–treated pooled plasma as replacement fluid for long‐term plasma exchange therapy in a patient with primary hypertriglyceridemia and recurrent hyperlipidemic pancreatitis
Authors: Di Bona Danilo , Cefalù Angelo B. , Scirè Elisabetta , Lima Giacomo M. , Rizzo Claudia Maria , Giammanco Antonina , Barbagallo Carlo M. , Averna Maurizio R. , Rizzo Sergio , Caruso Calogero 
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUNDChylomicronemia syndrome is a metabolic condition characterized by severe fasting hypertrigliceridemia (≥1000 mg/dL) and other clinical features including chronic abdominal pain and recurrent acute pancreatitis. In patients with acute or recurrent pancreatitis, plasma exchange (PEx) is indicated for the treatment of acute disease and prevention of recurrence. The use of plasma instead of albumin as replacement fluid has been suggested for its putative ability to replace the deficient enzyme possibly leading to better clinical improvement.CASE REPORTA 40‐year‐old man with chylomicronemia syndrome due to a newly identified loss‐of‐function mutation in the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene (IVS2, c.250‐1G/C) has been treated at our hospital since the age of 13. From age 18 to age 34, the patient had five episodes of acute pancreatitis while his triglyceride (TG) levels were extremely high (2500–4000 mg/dL). As the TG levels remained stable over 4000 mg/dL despite the maximum medical treatment, the patient started long‐term PEx treatment on a weekly basIs. Both albumin and plasma have been used as replacement solution. Thirty months from the beginning of this treatment, no episode of acute pancreatitis has been reported, and the chronic abdominal pain fully disappeared. No differences were observed between the use of albumin or plasma as replacement solution.CONCLUSIONLong‐term PEx is effective in preventing the recurrence of acute pancreatitis and in treatment of chronic abdominal pain in this patient with chylomicronemia syndrome. Plasma is not more effective than albumin in lipid reduction, likely because of its extremely low enzyme content. Therefore, in patients with LPL deficiency serum albumin should be preferred to plasma as replacement fluid because of the low rate of side effects and reduced costs.
Poor Muscle Strength and Low Physical Activity Are the Most Prevalent Frailty Components in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Papiol M. , Serra-Prat M. , Vico J. , Jerez N. , Salvador N. , Garcia M. , Camps M. , Alpiste X. , López J. 
Published: November 2015

Objective:To determine the prevalence of five physical frailty phenotype components and to assess the relationship between them and other clinical factors.Method:A population-based cross-sectional study was performed. Subjects 75 years and older were randomly selected from primary care databases (with sampling stratified by gender). Physical frailty phenotypes were assessed using Fried’s criteria. Sociodemographic data, comorbidities, nutritional status, and functional capacity were assessed.Results:126 subjects were recruited (47% women). Prevalence rates were poor muscle strength: 50%; low physical activity: 29%; slow gait: 28%; exhaustion: 27%; and weight loss: 5%. Prefrailty and frailty prevalence rates were 35.7% and 29.4%, respectively. Poor muscle strength and low physical activity showed a close relationship and concordance (kappa = 0.92). Most frailty components were associated with outdoor activity, hours walked daily, and certain comorbidities.Conclusions:Poor muscle strength was the most prevalent frailty component and was closely associated with physical activity, suggesting that training programs may revert or prevent the frailty process.
Rhesus Macaque B-Cell Responses to an HIV-1 Trimer Vaccine Revealed by Unbiased Longitudinal Repertoire Analysis
Authors: Dai Kaifan , He Linling , Khan Salar N. , O’Dell Sijy , McKee Krisha , Tran Karen , Li Yuxing , Sundling Christopher , Morris Charles D. , Mascola John R. , Hedestam Gunilla B. Karlsson , Wyatt Richard T. , Zhu Jiang 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has been used to investigate the diversity and maturation of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) in HIV-1-infected individuals. However, the application of NGS to the preclinical assessment of human vaccines, particularly the monitoring of vaccine-induced B-cell responses in a nonhuman primate (NHP) model, has not been reported. Here, we present a longitudinal NGS analysis of memory B-cell responses to an HIV-1 trimer vaccine in a macaque that has been extensively studied by single B-cell sorting and antibody characterization. We first established an NHP antibodyomics pipeline using the available 454 pyrosequencing data from this macaque and developed a protocol to sequence the NHP antibody repertoire in an unbiased manner. Using these methods, we then analyzed memory B-cell repertoires at four time points of NHP immunization and traced the lineages of seven CD4-binding site (CD4bs)-directed monoclonal antibodies previously isolated from this macaque. Longitudinal analysis revealed distinct patterns of B-cell lineage development in response to an HIV-1 trimer vaccine. While the temporal B-cell repertoire profiles and lineage patterns provide a baseline for comparison with forthcoming HIV-1 trimer vaccines, the newly developed NHP antibody NGS technologies and antibodyomics tools will facilitate future evaluation of human vaccine candidates.

IMPORTANCE
The nonhuman primate model has been widely used in the preclinical assessment of human vaccines. Next-generation sequencing of B-cell repertoires provides a quantitative tool to analyze B-cell responses to a vaccine. In this study, the longitudinal B-cell repertoire analysis of a rhesus macaque immunized with an HIV-1 trimer vaccine revealed complex B-cell lineage patterns and showed the potential to facilitate the evaluation of future HIV-1 vaccines. The repertoire sequencing technologies and antibodyomics methods reported here can be extended to vaccine development for other human pathogens utilizing the nonhuman primate model.
Preclinical Evaluations To Identify Optimal Linezolid Regimens for Tuberculosis Therapy
Authors: Brown Ashley N. , Drusano George L. , Adams Jonathan R. , Rodriquez Jaime L. , Jambunathan Kalyani , Baluya Dodge L. , Brown David L. , Kwara Awewura , Mirsalis Jon C. , Hafner Richard , Louie Arnold 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

Linezolid is an oxazolidinone with potent activity against
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
. Linezolid toxicity in patients correlates with the dose and duration of therapy. These toxicities are attributable to the inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthesis. Clinically relevant linezolid regimens were simulated in the
in vitro
hollow-fiber infection model (HFIM) system to identify the linezolid therapies that minimize toxicity, maximize antibacterial activity, and prevent drug resistance. Linezolid inhibited mitochondrial proteins in an exposure-dependent manner, with toxicity being driven by trough concentrations. Once-daily linezolid killed
M. tuberculosis
in an exposure-dependent manner. Further, 300 mg linezolid given every 12 hours generated more bacterial kill but more toxicity than 600 mg linezolid given once daily. None of the regimens prevented linezolid resistance. These findings show that with linezolid monotherapy, a clear tradeoff exists between antibacterial activity and toxicity. By identifying the pharmacokinetic parameters linked with toxicity and antibacterial activity, these data can provide guidance for clinical trials evaluating linezolid in multidrug antituberculosis regimens.

IMPORTANCE
The emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant
M. tuberculosis
are a major threat to global public health. Linezolid is an oxazolidinone that is licensed for human use and has demonstrated potent activity against multidrug-resistant
M. tuberculosis
. However, long-term use of linezolid has shown to be toxic in patients, often resulting in thrombocytopenia. We examined therapeutic linezolid regimens in an
in vitro
model to characterize the exposure-toxicity relationship. The antibacterial activity against
M. tuberculosis
was also assessed for these regimens, including the amplification or suppression of resistant mutant subpopulations by the chosen regimen. Higher exposures of linezolid resulted in greater antibacterial activity, but with more toxicity and, for some regimens, increased resistant mutant subpopulation amplification, illustrating the trade-off between activity and toxicity. These findings can provide valuable insight for designing optimal dosage regimens for linezolid that are part of the long combination courses used to treat multidrug-resistant
M. tuberculosis.