bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can Material Pits in the Vicinity of a Polder Threaten its Safety?
Authors: Grambličková Danka , Bednárová Emília , Minárik Marian 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The frequent occurrence of floods recently has motivated discussions by experts on reviewing the safety of flood protection structures. The simulation of flood discharges belongs among transient flow tasks. Due to the randomness of the phenomenon, as well as the often unknown geological composition of the environment in which the flooding occurs, this question has become very complicated. The finite element method (FEM) is one of the methods for reviewing risk factors endangering the stability of hydraulic structures. In this article the application of FEM is mentioned in assessing the stability of the subsoil of the Borša polder in Slovakia.
An Analysis of Regional Snow Assessments at Selected Hydrological Stations on the Danube and Tisza Rivers
Authors: Hamar Zsideková Beáta , Gauzer Balázs , Bálint Gábor 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Precipitation falling on a land surface is one of the most important elements of the hydrological cycle, and it is the only input term of the water balance on the Earth´s surface. On those areas of the Earth where a part of the annual precipitation falls in the form of snow, the rhythm of the hydrological cycle, i.e., the water balance within a year, follows a pattern that deviates from that of the precipitation record. Precipitation falling in a solid state enters the hydrological cycle with a time lag that might be as much as several months after the precipitation event. Therefore, instead of considering the observed values of precipitation when describing the various elements of the hydrological cycle, it is more expedient to take the surface water input into account. This is a fraction of the precipitation which is present on the land surface in a liquid state. Consequently, the most important task of the various snow models within the rainfall - runoff and water budget schemes is to transform the precipitation values observed into surface water input values. Spring time runoff largely depends on the snowmelt component, and it gives the possibility of estimating the expected seasonal volume of the flow and flood peaks. Seasonal forecasts based on the relationship between snow resources and expected precipitation during the spring months have been analyzed for the Danube and Tisza rivers.
Effects of Nitrogen and Zinc Spray on Yield of Corn (Zea Mays L.) in Drought Stress
Authors: Mosavifeyzabadi S.H. , Vazin F. , Hassanzadehdelouei M. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
In hot and arid regions, drought stress is considered as one of the main reasons for yield reduction. To study the effect of drought stress, nitrogen and zinc spray on the yield and yield components of corn, an experiment was carried out during the crop seasons of 2010 and 2011 on Emam Khomeyni research Farm in Mahvellat as a split factorial within randomized complete block design with three replicates. The main plots with irrigation factor and three levels were considered: full irrigation, stopping irrigation at anthesis step and stopping irrigation at the seed filling stage. Subplots were considered with and without nitrogen and zinc spray. The drought stress reduced the grain yield in anthesis stage more than other stages. Drought stress effects significantly on stem and ear diameter, ear length, chlorophyll value, leaf area index, leaf relative water content, stem, ear and leaves dry weight, number grain in ear and row, number row in ear, unfilled seed percentage and thousand grains weight. Nitrogen increased the seed yield and yield component except thousand grains weight and the number of row in ear. Using Zn, as compared with control treatment, causes the increase of grain yield, thousand grains weight and number grain in ear 16.5, 9 and 5.5%, respectively. The results obtained from the present research showed that anthesis stage was most sensitive stage to drought stress. Also nitrogen and Zn could somewhat reduce the impact drought stress on corn.
Nitrogen Management Studies in Maize (Zea Mays L.) Hybrids
Authors: Iqbal S. , Khan H.Z. ,   Ehsanullah, Akbar N. , Zamir M.S.I. , Javeed H.M.R. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different nitrogen management methods on yield, yield components and quality attributes of maize hybrids (single cross-6142 and double cross-4444) under irrigated conditions. Nitrogen dose is met either by PM (poultry manure) or urea according to each treatment. PM was incorporated at the time of presowing irrigation whereas fertigation method at knee height stage and foliar spray at flowering were use for the application of urea. Results showed that plant height, cob diameter, number of grains per cob, grain yield and biological yield were significantly affected by the hybrids. Significantly, higher plant height, cob diameter, number of grains per cob, grain yield and biological yield were produced by single cross-6142. There was no significant difference occur between both hybrids on seed oil and protein contents. N management by the application of T3 (60% N from PM + 38.5% N from urea through fertigation + 1.5% N from urea through foliar application) produced significantly more plant height, cob diameter, number of grains per cob, grain yield, biological yield, seed protein and seed oil contents. The interaction of single cross-6142 and T3 (60% N from PM + 38.5% N from urea through fertigation + 1.5% N from urea through foliar application) was found superior in production of more plant height, cob diameter and number of grains per cob. However, interaction between maize hybrids and N application methods for grain yield, biological yield, seed protein and oil contents was reported nonsignificant. It can be concluded that single cross hybrid-6142) and T3 (60% N from PM, 38.5% N from urea through fertigation and 1.5% N from urea through foliar application) could be used successfully for improving maize yield under the irrigated conditions.
The Effect of Long -Term Fertilization on the Grain Bean Harvest in Agricultural Research - Development Station Secuieni, Neamţ County, Romania, Conditions
Authors: Lupu Cornelia , Naie Margareta , Buburuz Alexandra-Andreea 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The application of chemical fertilizers on the grain bean crop must be done due to the plant peculiarities (high consumption of nutrients, root system underrepresented, plant ability to synthesize up to 85% of the needed nitrogen) and its high sensitivity to stress conditions. Although the bean requirements for nutrients are high, the plant response to the application of fertilizers is smaller, the obtained production increase will vary widely depending on the type of fertilizer, the applied dose, but also on the climatic conditions in the area. The paper presents the experimental results, carried aut during 2008-2010 at Agricultural Research- Development Station Secuieni, Neamţ County, Romania (A.R.D.S. Secuieni- Neamţ), on the application of phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizers in a long - term experiences. By using the two fertilizers were obtained yield increases of 3-27%. These were directly proportional to the dose of the applied fertilizer. By applying the phosphorus fertilizer, the average production increases, compared with the control variant, were ranged from 7 to 15%. Average gains, obtained by the using of nitrogen fertilizers, compared with the control variant, were ranged from 12 to 27%. Marginal production increases, obtained by applying phosphorus fertilizers were of 1,52-2,92 kg beans/ kg P2O5, and at the nitrogen fertilizers, of 1,72-3,28 kg beans/ kg N. In both cases, the marginal increases obtained were inversely proportional to the doses of the apllied fertilizer.
Process optimization and eco-friendly/greener synthesis of some n-aryl/heteryl acetoacetamides
Authors: Sirisha Kalam , Rajyalaxmi Injimuri , Olivia Sairem 
Published: October 2013

N-aryl/heteryl acetoacetamides are the intermediates used in the synthesis of various heterocyclic compounds like 1,4-dihydropyridines, pyrimidines etc. Three different substituted N-aryl/heteryl acetoacetamide derivatives (I-III) have been prepared from the reaction of ethylacetoacetate and three different aryl/heteryl primary amines under solvent free conditions using potassium tert-butoxide as catalyst. The reactions were carried out by two different methods (viz., Conventional and Microwave irradiation) and they are simple, eco-friendly and economical. All reactions were processed for optimization with different ratios of aryl/heteryl amine and ethylacetoacetate like1:1,1:1.2,1:1.4,1:1.6,1:1.8,1:2 and a comparison was made between the percentage yields with each ratio. Highest percentage yield was observed with 1:1.8 ratio for I & II and 1:1.6 ratio for III in both the methods. However, the microwave irradiation method was found to be superior to the conventional method. The newly synthesized compounds have been purified by recrystallization and characterized by physical and spectral data.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v2i11.16533 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, October 2013, 2(11): 189-192
Comparative effects of different fractions of crude aqueous extract of Ficus exasperata leaves on blood pressure
Authors: Amonkan Augustin Kouao , Konan André Brou , Kouakou Léandre Kouakou , Bleyere Mathieu Nahounou , Bouafou Marcel Guy Kouamé , Kati-Coulibaly Séraphin 
Published: October 2013

Ficus exasperata has been extensively used in folk medicine for the treatment of many ailments. The aqueous extract of leaves of this herb reduced blood pressure through its cholinomimetic effect. In this study, different fractions of the crude extract of F. exasperata leaves (FEFIX) were evaluated on blood pressure. Fractionated extracts were obtained by successive use of different solvents on the total crude extract. Phytochemical analysis was performed for each fraction and increasing doses (0.25 to 40 mg / kg b.w.) were administered intravenously. The phytochemical screening showed that alkaloids and phenols were found in ethanol fraction (FE-FEFIX) and methanol fraction (FM-FEFIX). Saponins and tannins have been identified only in the aqueous fraction (FA-FEFIX). Decreases in blood pressure were 40.02 ± 3.08 mm Hg for the ethanol fraction (FE-FEFIX), 9.95 ± 2.09 mm Hg for the methanol fraction (FM-FEFIX) and 5.26 ± 1.46 mm Hg in the aqueous fraction (FA-FEFIX). Hypotension induced by ethanol fraction is found to be greater than those induced by the other two fractions. In conclusion, this study showed that the hypotensive effect of F. exasperata leaves was greater with its ethanol extract. Alkaloids and phenols present in this extract may be involved in the hypotensive effect.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v2i11.16534 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, October 2013, 2(11): 193-195
Palestine : géopolitique d'une violence territoriale
Authors: Blanc Pierre 
Published: October 2013

Le conflit israélo-palestinien est avant tout un conflit territorial dans lequel s’est révélée l’ingénierie du Yishouv puis surtout d’Israël. Le regard en surplomb que permet l’analyse historique dévoile bien une pensée stratégique dont les marques territoriales sont ici analysées. Même si cette pensée territoriale a procédé par à-coups, le fait qu’elle ait été portée toujours plus loin par les courants les plus extrémistes au sein du Yishouv puis d’Israël donne l’impression d’une progression « cohérente » autant qu’inéluctable. Privilégiant l’approche géohistorique, cet article cherche à analyser le fait territorial brut et ainsi à souligner la force de la violence territoriale dont fait montre Israël.
Le Hamas et Mohamed Morsi : un rapprochement trop risqué ?
Authors: Seurat Leïla 
Published: October 2013

Les Frères musulmans palestiniens ont longtemps été dépendants du niveau de tolérance que les régimes successifs égyptiens accordaient à la Confrérie. La répression nassérienne à partir de 1954 ne fut ainsi pas sans conséquences sur les Frères musulmans de Gaza. Jusqu’en 1968, cette dépendance était d’autant plus affirmée que l’Égypte gérait administrativement la bande de Gaza ; moins forte depuis lors, elle est cependant demeurée, pendant des décennies, un élément structurant de la relation entre ces deux territoires. Cet équilibre s’est trouvé bouleversé par l’arrivée des Frères musulmans au pouvoir, ces derniers ayant opéré un rapprochement inédit avec le Hamas. La chute de Mohammed Morsi le 3 juillet 2013 pose à nouveau la question du traitement de Gaza par l’Égypte et de l’avenir du Mouvement de la Résistance Islamique.
Sociologie des mouvements protestataires sociaux palestiniens
Authors: El Sakka Abaher 
Published: October 2013

Issu d’une enquête sociologique auprès de militants palestiniens, cet article revient sur les mobilisations sociales et politiques de ces dernières années. La « rue » palestinienne n’est pas restée à l’écart du contexte des soulèvements arabes et certains de ses secteurs, notamment une partie de la jeunesse, ont trouvé là un encouragement à contester l’occupant israélien mais aussi les pouvoirs en place en Cisjordanie et dans la Bande de Gaza. Cet article revient notamment sur les mobiles, les méthodes de mobilisations et le parcours des militants impliqués.
Dentin Hypersensitivity: A Review of its Etiology, Mechanism, Prevention Strategies and Recent Advancements in its Management
Authors: Farooq Imran , Ali Saqib 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT
Dentinal hypersensitivity is one of the most common clinical problem for which patients seek treatment and visit dental clinics. Its incidence is on a rise probably because its etiology is not very well understood. Once initiated, it can either remain as sensitivity or it can trigger pain and creates severe discomfort for the patient. Number of theories have been put forward to explain the mechanism of hypersensitivity causing pain but hydrodynamic theory is most widely accepted nowadays. Treating dentinal hypersensitivity is a challenge for dental professionals. This article reviews the etiology, mechanism and prevention strategies of dentinal hypersensitivity and also discusses recent advancements in its management.

How to cite this article
Ali S, Farooq I. Dentin Hypersensitivity: A Review of its Etiology, Mechanism, Prevention Strategies and Recent Advancements in its Management. World J Dent 2013;4(3):188-192.
Preliminary Results of Femtosecond Laser Assisted Corneal Ring Segment Implantation for Keratoconus
Authors: Kankariya Vardhaman P , Ozulken Kemal , Cabot Florence , Yoo Sonia H 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To present refractive, visual and topographic outcomes of femtosecond laser assisted intrastromal ring segments (ISRS) implantation.

Settings
Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, FL, USA.

Materials and methods
Nineteen eyes of 15 patients with keratoconus, clear central corneas, and contact lens intolerance had implantation of a symmetrical 0.45 mm Inta cs segment (Addition Technology Inc, California, USA) using 200 kHz femtosecond laser (WaveLight GmbH, Erlangen, Germany). The outcomes of the procedure were evaluated in terms of uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), average keratometry value (K-value) and spheric equivalent (SE).

Results
Femtosecond laser assisted ISRS implantation could be performed with ease, while no intra- or postoperative complications were encountered. Mean UCVA improved from 0.95 ± 0.39 to 0.66 ± 0.28 logMAR, mean BSCVA improved from 0.46 ± 0.13 to 0.29 ± 0.21 logMAR, mean spherical equivalent considerably reduced from −7.15 ± 4.57 to −4.38 ± 4.07 and K value reduced from 52.39 ± 5.79 to 49.78 ± 6.84 D at the last follow-up.

Conclusion
Using a 200 kHz femtosecond laser is a safe procedure providing optimal refractive, visual and topographic outcomes in our preliminary study.

How to cite this article
Ozulken K, Cabot F, Kankariya VP, Yoo SH. Preliminary Results of Femtosecond Laser Assisted Corneal Ring Segment Implantation for Keratoconus. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2013;2(2):47-50.
Quality of Vision with Spectacles, Special Silicone Hydrogel and Gas Permeable Contact Lenses in Keratoconic Patients
Authors: González-Méijome Jose M , Peixoto-de-Matos Sofia Claudia , Queiros Antonio , Jorge Jorge M , Diaz-Rey Alberto 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To evaluate optical quality and visual function in keratoconus patients corrected with RGP contact lenses and a novel special design of silicone hydrogel contact lens.

Materials and methods
Twelve eyes of six patients with keratoconus were enrolled to experience a new soft contact lens (Soft-K) for keratoconus made of a silicone-hydrogel material and the outcomes were compared to the performance with gas permeable lenses and spectacles. The three situations were compared for monocular and binocular high (100%) and low contrast (10%) ETDRS LogMAR visual acuity and contrast sensitivity function (CSF).

Results
On average, there was an improvement of more than two lines in visual acuity over spectacle correction and this is statistically significant for both gas permeable (GP) and Soft-K lens (p < 0.001). Visual acuity was not significantly different between GP and Soft-K lens for high contrast acuity but was slightly higher with GP lens for low contrast under binocular conditions. Monocular CSF showed a marked improvement with the Soft-K lens and GP, compared to spectacles correction, particularly for medium and high frequencies; conversely.

Conclusion
Soft-K silicone hydrogel soft contact lens produces a clinical and statistically significant improvement in visual acuity and contrast sensitivity function over spectacle correction.

How to cite this article
González-Méijome JM, Peixoto-de- Matos SC, Queiros A, Jorge JM, Diaz-Rey A. Quality of Vision with Spectacles, Special Silicone Hydrogel and Gas Permeable Contact Lenses in Keratoconic Patients. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2013;2(2):56-59.
Retrospective Testing of the Score for the Detection of Ectasia Susceptibility: A Case Report of Ectasia 7 Years after LASIK
Authors: Saad Alain 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
A patient was treated bilaterally for myopia using laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). There was no evident tomographic risk factor for ectasia, but a slight asymmetry on the Placido topography in the left eye. Seven years postoperatively, a unilateral ectasia was diagnosed. Retrospectively, the calculated Score for the left eye was +0.2. This case suggests that an artificial intelligence system based on the combination of Placido and tomographic indices may be helpful for the detection of ectasia susceptible eyes.

How to cite this article
Saad A, Gatinel D. Retrospective Testing of the Score for the Detection of Ectasia Susceptibility: A Case Report of Ectasia 7 Years after LASIK. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2013;2(2):73-78.
Does the Combination of Intracorneal Ring Segments and Photorefractive Keratectomy have a Synergistic Effect on Keratoconus Progression?
Authors: Smadja David , Touboul David , Elahi Sina , Rahimian Olivier 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT
We report the case of a 32-year old woman with bilateral severe keratoconus, who was implanted with intracorneal ring segments 10 years ago, followed by a high-PRK ablation of 8-diopters. Twelve years later, the refraction and topographic outcomes remained stable. The hypothetic mechanisms for explaining the corneal stability over time after this unusual combined treatment for keratoconic cornea is discussed.

How to cite this article
Elahi S, Rahimian O, Touboul D, Smadja D. Does the Combination of Intracorneal Ring Segments and Photorefractive Keratectomy have a Synergistic Effect on Keratoconus Progression?. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2013;2(2):92-94.
Whose Golden Age? Some Thoughts on Jewish-Christian Relations in Medieval Iberia
Authors: Ray Jonathan 
Published: October 2013

The medieval period in Spanish history has alternately been cast as a Golden Age of interfaith harmony and an example of the ultimate incompatibility of Muslim, Christian, and Jewish communities. In this essay, I suggest that a better way to understand interfaith relations in medieval Iberia is to think about these religious communities in less monolithic terms. With regard to Jewish-Christian relations in particular, factors such as wealth, social standing, and intellectual interests were as important as religious identity in shaping the complex bonds between Christians and Jews.
The Book of Leviticus Interpreted as Jewish Community
Authors: Harris Robert A. 
Published: October 2013

This article addresses an essay, published in 2001 by John Van Engen, entitled "Ralph of Flaix: The Book of Leviticus Interpreted as Christian Community.” Ralph’s voluminous commentary, composed and published in the mid-twelfth century, aimed, in Van Engen’s words, at “refuting Jewish arguments” about the biblical book and the nature of the levitical law, particularly as these arguments might influence young Christian clerics who were “fascinated and troubled by a close reading of the biblical text.”The present article examines three rabbinic commentaries on Leviticus roughly contemporary with Ralph, those of Rashi, Rashbam and R. Joseph Bekhor Shor. Through examining the “close reading” through which these three exegetes interpreted specific biblical texts, the article considers whether or not they presented what might be considered as “the Book of Leviticus Interpreted as Jewish Community” and as such conveyed what may have been the types of arguments with which Ralph was in conversation.The article does not attempt to provide a direct correspondence between specific Jewish and Christian exegetes. Rather, the article suggests that the content and form of 12th century Jewish and Christian biblical exegesis bespeak a type of conversation among those using the literary genre of “commentary writing,” and that it is possible to gain an understanding of the contours of that conversation through analysis of the commentaries they wrote. Additionally, the article examines ways in which medieval Jewish exegetes may have advanced arguments in their commentaries that were intended to sustain the Jewish community in their observances and belief structures in the presence of Christian hegemony.
Heroic Collective Action: A People's Blessing?
Authors: Bernauer, SJ James 
Published: October 2013

Is the tendency to think of heroism as the activity of an individual rather than of a collective merely a matter of prejudice? Perhaps the European revolutions of 1989 and the Arab Spring of 2011 will foster more careful scrutiny of that assumption. Are the heroic figures so often featured in journalistic as well as historical accounts only individuals who are witnesses to a communal transformation and empowerment? Will a greater appreciation for heroic collective action promote a more nuanced perspective on the development of Jewish-Christian relations? The author proposes a shift of focus to communal heroism through an examination of four examples: the Yad Vashem project of recognizing the "Righteous among the Nations"; the Hungarian Revolution; the historical development of religious toleration; and, finally, the place that the Holocaust has taken on in contemporary reflection.
A Reflection on a Cross-Cultural Internship for International Students Studying Outside their Homeland
Authors: Banks Joy 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Using internship experiences to instruct international students in the acquisition of improved knowledge, skills, and attitudes relating to individuals with disabilities in developing nations is one approach to increase the possibility that individuals with disabilities are provided equitable education. An Associate's Degree Program provided by The Catholic University of America in Belgium for students from developing countries was designed to accomplish these goals. This investigation examines the components of the internship that contributed to students' transformations, which were monitored through collaborative Blackboard discussions, mentor comments, film clips, and collaborative class discussions. Findings reflect positive increases toward professional and personal dispositions.