bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sociodemographic correlates of 25-hydroxyvitamin D test utilization in Calgary, Alberta
Authors: de Koning Lawrence , Henne Dan , Woods Paul , Hemmelgarn Brenda R , Naugler Christopher 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing laboratory test utilization is a major challenge facing clinical laboratories.However, in most instances we lack population level information on the patient groups to which increased testing is directed. Much recent work has been published on the sociodemographic correlates of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency. An unanswered question, however, is whether testing is preferentially directed towards individuals with a higher likelihood of deficiency. In this paper we examine this question by combining laboratory information system data on testing rates with Census Canada data.MethodsWe examined 1,436 census dissemination areas within the city of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. For each census dissemination area we determined age and sex-specific 25-hydroxyvitamin D testing rates over a one year period. We then compared these testing rates with the following sociodemographic variables obtained from Census Canada: first nations status, education level, household income, visible minority status, and recent immigrant status.ResultsOverall, 6.9% of males in the city of Calgary were tested during the study period. Females were 1.7 times more likely to be tested than males. Testing rate increased with increasing age, with 16.8% of individuals 66 years and over tested during the one-year study period.Individuals having at least some university education were less likely to be tested (RR = 0.60;p < 0.0001). Interestingly, although visible minorities were over twice as likely to be tested as compared to non-visual minorities (RR = 2.25; p < 0.0001), recent immigrants, a group known to exhibit low 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels, were significantly less likely to be tested than non-recent immigrants (RR = 0.72; p = 0.0174). While median household income was modestly associated with increased testing (RR = 1.02; p < 0.0001), First Nations status and non-English speaking were not significant predictors of 25-hydroxyvitamin D testing.ConclusionsTesting for 25-hydroxyvitamin D is in part directed toward populations at higher risk of deficiency (visible minorities) and at higher risk of osteoporosis (older females), but a particularly high risk group (recent immigrants) is being tested at a lower rate than other patient groups.
Itch-Associated Peptides: RNA-Seq and Bioinformatic Analysis of Natriuretic Precursor Peptide B and Gastrin Releasing Peptide in Dorsal Root and Trigeminal Ganglia, and the Spinal Cord
Authors: Goswami Samridhi C , Thierry-Mieg Danielle , Thierry-Mieg Jean , Mishra Santosh , Hoon Mark A , Mannes Andrew J , Iadarola Michael J 
Published: August 2014

Background: Three neuropeptides, gastrin releasing peptide (GRP), natriuritic precursor peptide B (NPPB), and neuromedin B (NMB) have been proposed to play roles in itch sensation. However, the tissues in which these peptides are expressed and their positions in the itch circuit has recently become the subject of debate. Here we used next-gen RNA-Seq to examine the expression of transcripts coding for GRP, NPPB, NMB, and other peptides in DRG, trigeminal ganglion, and the spinal cord as well as expression levels for their cognate receptors in these tissues. Results: RNA-Seq demonstrates that GRP is not transcribed in mouse, rat, or human sensory ganglia. NPPB, which activates natriuretic peptide receptor 1 (NPR1), is well expressed in mouse DRG and less so in rat and human, whereas NPPA, which also acts on the NPR1 receptor, is expressed in all three species. Analysis of transcripts expressed in the spinal cord of mouse, rat, and human reveals no expression of Nppb, but unambiguously detects expression of Grp and the GRP-receptor ( Grpr). The transcripts coding for NMB and tachykinin peptides are among the most highly expressed in DRG. Bioinformatics comparisons using the sequence of the peptides used to produce GRP-antibodies with proteome databases revealed that the C-terminal primary sequence of NMB and Substance P can potentially account for results from previous studies which showed GRP-immunostaining in the DRG. Conclusions: RNA-Seq corroborates a primary itch afferent role for NPPB in mouse and potentially NPPB and NPPA in rats and humans, but does not support GRP as a primary itch neurotransmitter in mouse, rat, or humans. As such, our results are at odds with the initial proposal of Sun and Chen (2007) that GRP is expressed in DRG. By contrast, our data strongly support an itch pathway where the itch-inducing actions of GRP are exerted through its release from spinal cord neurons.
Altered immune status of circulating T lymphocytes during sepsis: children also
Authors: Cavaillon Jean-Marc 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAltered immune status of blood leukocytes is a general phenomenon observed in adult patients with sepsis or septic shock. This is also the case in children with septic shock for both T helper 1 and T helper 2 lymphocytes, as demonstrated by their reduced ex vivo cytokine production upon activation by phytohemagglutinin.
Deep sequencing reveals clonal evolution patterns and mutation events associated with relapse in B-cell lymphomas
Authors: Jiang Yanwen , Redmond David , Nie Kui , Eng Ken W , Clozel Thomas , Martin Peter , Tan Leonard HC , Melnick Ari M , Tam Wayne , Elemento Olivier 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Background
Molecular mechanisms associated with frequent relapse of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are poorly defined. It is especially unclear how primary tumor clonal heterogeneity contributes to relapse. Here, we explore unique features of B-cell lymphomas - VDJ recombination and somatic hypermutation - to address this question.

Results
We performed high-throughput sequencing of rearranged VDJ junctions in 14 pairs of matched diagnosis-relapse tumors, among which 7 pairs were further characterized by exome sequencing. We identify two distinctive modes of clonal evolution of DLBCL relapse: an early-divergent mode in which clonally related diagnosis and relapse tumors diverged early and developed in parallel; and a late-divergent mode in which relapse tumors developed directly from diagnosis tumors with minor divergence. By examining mutation patterns in the context of phylogenetic information provided by VDJ junctions, we identified mutations in epigenetic modifiers such as KMT2D as potential early driving events in lymphomagenesis and immune escape alterations as relapse-associated events.

Conclusions
Altogether, our study for the first time provides important evidence that DLBCL relapse may result from multiple, distinct tumor evolutionary mechanisms, providing rationale for therapies for each mechanism. Moreover, this study highlights the urgent need to understand the driving roles of epigenetic modifier mutations in lymphomagenesis, and immune surveillance factor genetic lesions in relapse.
Layered double hydroxide nanocomposite for drug delivery systems; bio-distribution, toxicity and drug activity enhancement
Authors: Kura Aminu Umar , Hussein Mohd Zobir , Fakurazi Sharida , Arulselvan Palanisamy 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The production of layered double hydroxide(LDH) nanocomposite as an alternative drug delivery system against various ailments is on the increase. Their toxicity potential is usually dose and time dependent with particle sizes, shapes and surface charge playing some role both in the in vitro and in vivo studies. The reticular endothelial system of especially the liver and spleen were shown to sequestrate most of these nanocomposite, especially those with sizes greater than 50 nm. The intracellular drug delivery by these particles is mainly via endocytotic pathways aided by the surface charges in most cases. However, structural modification of these nanocomposite via coating using different types of material may lower the toxicity where present. More importantly, the coating may serve as targeting ligand hence, directing drug distribution and leading to proper drug delivery to specific area of need; it equally decreases the unwanted nanocomposite accumulation in especially the liver and spleen. These nanocomposite have the advantage of wider bio-distribution irrespective of route of administration, excellent targeted delivery potential with ease of synthetic modification including coating.
Phytoplankton diversity and community structure affected by oceanic dispersal and mesoscale turbulence
Authors: Lévy Marina , Jahn Oliver , Dutkiewicz Stephanie , Follows Michael J. 
Published: August 2014

Lay AbstractPhytoplankton are an extremely diverse set of floating, microscopic organisms, which are freely transported by water movements (current, eddies, etc.) and make up the base of the oceanic food web. This work explores how their diversity is affected by dispersal by different scales of motions in the ocean. Previous theoretical studies, based mostly on terrestrial ecosystems, have suggested that the number of phytoplankton types able to coexist at the same location should increase with increasing levels of dispersal. Here we test this hypothesis for a realistic range of oceanic conditions using a set of computer simulations of phytoplankton ecology coupled with a turbulent ocean circulation model. Our results indicate that oceanic communities become dominated by a smaller number of phytoplankton types as dispersal increases, but they have a larger ability for coexistence in larger home range areas. Dispersal due to oceanic eddies contributes significantly to these changes. Moreover, mixing of communities can only partially explain the increase in local coexistence, and we believe that dispersal allows more phytoplankton types to become equally competitive.
Signalling at tight junctions during epithelial differentiation and microbial pathogenesis
Authors: Zihni Ceniz , Balda Maria S. , Matter Karl 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT
Tight junctions are a component of the epithelial junctional complex, and they form the paracellular diffusion barrier that enables epithelial cells to create cellular sheets that separate compartments with different compositions. The assembly and function of tight junctions are intimately linked to the actomyosin cytoskeleton and, hence, are under the control of signalling mechanisms that regulate cytoskeletal dynamics. Tight junctions not only receive signals that guide their assembly and function, but transmit information to the cell interior to regulate cell proliferation, migration and survival. As a crucial component of the epithelial barrier, they are often targeted by pathogenic viruses and bacteria, aiding infection and the development of disease. In this Commentary, we review recent progress in the understanding of the molecular signalling mechanisms that drive junction assembly and function, and the signalling processes by which tight junctions regulate cell behaviour and survival. We also discuss the way in which junctional components are exploited by pathogenic viruses and bacteria, and how this might affect junctional signalling mechanisms.
Evaluation of Napsin A, TTF-1, p63, p40, and CK5/6 Immunohistochemical Stains in Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Zhang Chen , Schmidt Lindsay A. , Hatanaka Kazuhito , Thomas Dafydd , Lagstein Amir , Myers Jeffrey L. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Objective:
A panel of immunohistochemical (IHC) stains frequently used to subclassify non–small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) includes napsin A, TTF-1, CK5/6, p40, and p63. The expression profiles of these stains in neuroendocrine tumors have not been systematically evaluated.

Method:
Sixty-eight resected pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors, including 52 typical carcinoids (TCs), eight atypical carcinoids (ACs), seven small cell carcinomas (SCLCs) and one large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC), were stained for napsin A, TTF-1, p63, p40, and CK5/6. Tumors were scored as positive (&gt;1% tumor cells reactive) or negative, and percentage of reactive tumor cells was recorded.

Results:
Napsin A, p63, p40, and CK5/6 were consistently negative in neuroendocrine tumors. TTF-1 was positive in 17 of 52 TCs, 4 of 8 ACs, 5 of 7 SCLCs, and 0 of 1 LCNECs.

Conclusion:
Pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors have a distinct but nonspecific profile on IHC panel commonly applied to subclassify NSCLCs. They are napsin A−/p40−/p63−/CK5/6−/TTF-1±. Recognizing this profile may have value in separating neuroendocrine tumors from NSCLCs.
Significant Histologic Features Differentiating Cellular Fibroadenoma From Phyllodes Tumor on Core Needle Biopsy Specimens
Authors: Yasir Saba , Gamez Roberto , Jenkins Sarah , Visscher Daniel W. , Nassar Aziza 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Objectives:
Cellular fibroepithelial lesions (CFELs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors encompassing cellular fibroadenoma (CFA) and phyllodes tumor (PT). Distinction between the two is challenging on core needle biopsy (CNB) specimens. The objective of this study was to evaluate histologic features that can help distinguish PT from CFA on CNB specimens.

Methods:
Records of all patients diagnosed with CFELs on CNB specimens with follow-up excision between January 2002 and December 2012 were retrieved. Histopathologic stromal features were evaluated on CNB specimens, including mitoses per 10 high-power fields (hpf), overgrowth, increased cellularity, fragmentation, adipose tissue infiltration, heterogeneity, subepithelial condensation, and nuclear pleomorphism.

Results:
Twenty-seven (42.2%) of 64 were diagnosed as PT (24 benign PTs and three borderline PTs) and 37 (57.8%) as CFA on excision. All features except for increased stromal cellularity were statistically significant. The average number of histologic features seen in PT and CFA was 3.9 and 1.4, respectively (odds ratio [OR], 7.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.44–21.69; P = .0004). The average number of mitoses per 10 hpf was 3.0 for PT compared with 0.8 for CFA (OR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.18–3.86; P = .01).

Conclusions:
The presence of mitoses (three or more) and/or total histologic features of three or more on CNB specimens were the most helpful features in predicting PT on excision.
Dossier Reviews: New Directors/New Films
Authors: Gammill Vincent , Gibbs Catelyn , Peerson Rane , Repass William , Shiffraw Adelia , Smith Emily , St. Laurent Lance 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Küf (2012) Turkey/Germany Director Ali Aydin Runtime 94 minutes
Rengaine (2012) France Director Rachid Djaidani Runtime 75 minutes
A Hijacking (2012) Denmark Director Tobias Lindholm Runtime 99 minutes
The Act of Killing (2012) Denmark Director Joshua Oppenheimer Runtime 121 minutes
The Color of the Chameleon (2012) Bulgaria Director Emil Christov Runtime 114 minutes
Burn It Up Djassa (2012) Ivory Coast/France Director Lonesome Solo Runtime 70 minutes
The Shine of Day (2012) Austria Directors Tizza Covi and Rainer Frimmel Runtime 90 minutes
Books Reviews
Authors: Gamble Steven T. , Menjivar Jaime Carlos 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Hitchcock: The Murderous Gaze 2nd Edition William Rothman, (2012) Albany: Suny Press, 501pp., ISBN: 9781438443164 (pbk), $29.95, ISBN: 9781438443171 (hbk), $95.00
Michael Mann: Crime Auteur Steven Rybin, (2013) Lanham: The Scarecrow Press Inc, 281 pp, ISBN: 9780810890831 (hbk), $75.00
Autismo: a educação infantil como cenário de intervenção
Authors: Nunes Débora , Araújo Eliana Rodrigues 
Published: August 2014

Nas últimas décadas, a eficácia dos programas de intervenção, em autistas, na primeira infância, se constitui objeto de pesquisa amplamente investigado. Os pressupostos teóricos da neuroplasticidade e abordagens desenvolvimentistas são factuais quanto à importância do tratamento precoce e intensivo para essa população. Nessa perspectiva, estudos indicam a necessidade de serem incluídas crianças, antes dos cinco anos de idade, em programas de intervenção com carga-horária de, no mínimo, 25 horas semanais. No caso, o ensino infantil é um segmento educacional altamente promissor, na implementação de práticas interventivas focadas nesse contingente infantil. Além de atender alunos de 0 a 5 anos, em regime de horário integral ou parcial, o ensino infantil tem como propósito promover o desenvolvimento integral do educando, contemplando aspectos físicos, psicológicos, intelectuais e sociais. O presente artigo tem como objetivo descrever os fundamentos da intervenção precoce, com ênfase nas melhores práticas interventivas, direcionadas para populações com autismo. Como complemento, discute-se a relevância dessa modalidade de atendimento no contexto nacional da educação infantil.
INTERFACE ENTRE A EJA E EDUCAÇÃO ESPECIAL: O PROFESSOR E A INCLUSÃO DE JOVENS E ADULTOS COM DEFICIÊNCIA INTELECTUAL
Authors: Freitas Mariele Angélica de Souza , Campos Juliane Ap. de Paula Perez 
Published: August 2014

Este estudo teve como escopo compreender as práticas de ensino e as condições de trabalho do professor da EJA junto aos estudantes com deficiência intelectual matriculados nesta modalidade de ensino, no período noturno, e ensino fundamental. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, com características de estudo de caso. Como procedimento de coleta de dados para a realização da pesquisa, optou-se por utilizar a entrevista semiestruturada, a qual respondeu adequadamente aos nossos objetivos de investigação. Os resultados das análises evidenciam a precariedade das condições de trabalho do professor da EJA e como esta precariedade implica na organização e planejamento dos conteúdos curriculares destinados aos alunos, inclusive aqueles que apresentam deficiência intelectual.
Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitors and Hybrid Devices for Green Energy Applications
Authors: Maletin Y. , Stryzhakova N. , Zelinsky S. , Chernukhin S. , Tretyakov D. , Tychina S. , Drobny D. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractElectrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) and hybrid devices (HDs) become more and more popular solutions in various green energy technologies, in particular, in hybrid transport and wind power stations. After many years of research in EDLC and in HD technology we have developed some approaches and methods aimed at improving the performance of those devices. The results for EDLCs with the lowest inner resistance and highest power density, as well the results for HDs with the largest energy density as compared with the best similar competing devices are presented.
Association Mapping of Germination Traits inArabidopsis thalianaUnder Light and Nutrient Treatments: Searching for G×E Effects
Authors: Morrison Ginnie D , Linder C Randal 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn the natural world, genotype expression is influenced by an organism’s environment. Identifying and understanding the genes underlying phenotypes in different environments is important for making advances in fields ranging from evolution to medicine to agriculture. With the availability of genome-wide genetic-marker datasets, it is possible to look for genes that interact with the environment. Using the model organism, Arabidopsis thaliana, we looked for genes underlying phenotypes as well as genotype-by-environment interactions in four germination traits under two light and two nutrient conditions. We then performed genome-wide association tests to identify candidate genes underlying the observed phenotypes and genotype-by-environment interactions. Of the four germination traits examined, only two showed significant genotype-by-environment interactions. While genome-wide association analyses did not identify any markers or genes explicitly linked to genotype-by-environment interactions, we did identify a total of 55 markers and 71 genes associated with germination differences. Of the 71 genes, four—ZIGA4, PS1, TOR, and TT12—appear to be strong candidates for further study of germination variation under different environments.
Factors Affecting Utilization of Dental Services During Pregnancy
Authors: Amin Maryam , ElSalhy Mohamed 
Published: August 2014

Background: The aim of this study is to identify and evaluate factors affecting utilization of dental services during pregnancy.Methods: Participants in this cross‐sectional study were mothers visiting a community health center for their infants’/toddlers’ immunization. Data were collected through a questionnaire about demographics, oral health knowledge, attitude, and practices, as well as barriers to dental visits during pregnancy. Mean (SD) and frequencies were used for data description. Different factors were analyzed as predictors for utilization of dental services using multiple logistic regression analysis.Results: In total, 423 mothers completed the study. Mean (SD) age at delivery was 29.5 (5.3) years. Almost all participants brushed their teeth at least once daily with toothpaste. During pregnancy, 19.2% of mothers reported difficulties with brushing, and 25% had dental/periodontal problems. Half of the participants had a dental visit during pregnancy; 93% were for dental checkups, 80.5% received preventive care, and 28.8% received dental/periodontal treatments. Canadian‐born women were 48% more likely to visit the dentist during pregnancy compared with non‐Canadian counterparts (P = 0.048). Level of education, dental insurance, and household income were also positively associated with usage (P <0.001). Mothers with more knowledge about possible connections between oral health and pregnancy and those who visited the dentist every 6 months had better odds of visiting the dentist during pregnancy (P <0.001).Conclusion: Three major factors predicting the utilization of dental services during pregnancy were: 1) perceived need, 2) habit of regular dental visits, and 3) access to dental services.
Periodontal Disease as a Risk Indicator for Poor Physical Fitness: A Cross‐Sectional Observational Study
Authors: Oliveira Joao Augusto P. , Hoppe Carolina B. , Gomes Maximiliano S. , Grecca Fabiana S. , Haas Alex N. 
Published: August 2014

Background: Physical inactivity has been associated with poor oral health. The aim of this study is to assess whether periodontal disease is a risk indicator for poor physical fitness.Methods: This cross‐sectional study included 111 males who performed a physical fitness test (PFT) composed of four exercises: 1) push‐ups conducted by pushing the body up and lowering it down using the arms; 2) pull‐ups with the body suspended by the arms gripped on a bar; 3) sit‐ups in which the upper and lower vertebrae are lifted from the floor; and 4) running for 12 minutes. A PFT score (range of 1 to 300) was determined for each participant, with higher scores indicating better physical fitness. One periodontist assessed attachment loss (AL) and probing depth (PD). Physical fitness was dichotomized according to whether the highest PFT score was “achieved” or “not achieved.” Multivariable logistic models were fitted adjusting for age, overweight (body mass index of 25 to 29.9 kg/m2), and frequency of daily exercise.Results: The mean age of the sample was 34.8 ± 10.3 years. Overweight individuals demonstrated significantly lower PFT scores (276.9 ± 24.1 points) than normal‐weight individuals (289.3 ± 16.8 points). Individuals presenting at least one tooth with AL ≥4 mm had significantly lower PFT scores (277.8 ± 23.6 points) compared with those without this status (285.9 ± 20.2 points). A 1‐mm increment in PD or AL significantly decreased the chance of reaching the highest PFT score by 69% or 75%, respectively.Conclusion: Periodontal disease may be considered a risk indicator for poor physical fitness in males.