bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bewertung historischer Brückenlager
Authors: Eisenkolb Tino , Mehdianpour Milad 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDer vorliegende Beitrag thematisiert die Durchführung sowie die Ergebnisse experimenteller Untersuchungen zur Ermittlung der Rollreibungszahlen historischer 4‐Rollen‐Wälzlager. Diese Untersuchungen wurden im Rahmen eines von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft geförderten Vorhabens zur realitätsnahen statisch‐konstruktiven Bewertung historischer Brückenlager durchgeführt. Dabei wurden insgesamt acht Lager bezüglich ihrer Rollreibungszahlen untersucht.Die Ergebnisse zeigen bei allen Lagern ein sehr zufriedenstellendes Rollreibungsverhalten. Bei funktionsfähigen Rollen und nach grober Entfernung von Rost und Schmutz lagen die Quantile der Rollreibungszahlen im Bereich normativer Werte für Neubaulager. Diese Werte wurden sowohl im Betriebslastbereich bis zur 1,5fachen maximalen Bemessungslast als auch bei höheren vertikalen Belastungen bis zur 2,7fachen maximalen Bemessungslast nachgewiesen. Weiterhin zeigen die Ergebnisse eine eindeutige Abhängigkeit der Rollreibungszahlen von fertigungs‐ und alterungsbedingten Unebenheiten der Lagerplatten. Hieraus konnte eine Methodik zur Abschätzung der vorhandenen Rollreibungszahlen anhand der Unebenheit der Lagerplatten abgeleitet werden.Assessment of historic bridge bearings – Experimental investigations on rolling friction. This paper presents tests to determine the rolling resistance of historic bridge bearings with four rollers. The experimental investigations were conducted as part of a project which was funded by the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft). Overall, eight rolling bearings with four rollers have been tested in terms of their rolling friction. In this paper the experimental work as well as the results of the investigation is described.For all bearings a satisfactory rolling behaviour was observed. Without rust and dirt on the rolling surfaces the rolling friction is at the same level which is given in the German standards for new build rolling bearings. This value was observed at vertical loads up to 1.5 times the design load as well as at higher vertical loads up to 2.7 times the design load of the bearings. Furthermore, the findings have shown that there is a clear correlation between the measured rolling friction and the roughness of the bearing plates due to manufacturing and aging. From this a method could be derived to estimate the existing rolling friction by means of the roughness of the bearing plates.
Historischer Stahl(form)guss
Authors: Wetz Volker , Dogru Duygu Melis 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDer Beitrag thematisiert die geschichtliche Entwicklung der Stahlguss‐ bzw. Stahlformgussherstellung. Nach dem Skizzieren der Anfänge steht die Herstellung dieses Werkstoffs in Deutschland im Mittelpunkt. Hierbei werden als zentrale Themen die unterschiedlichen Verfahren sowie die Erzeugungsmenge von Stahlguss im Untersuchungszeitraum diskutiert. Die Ergebnisse werden abschließend gewertet.Historic cast steel – Fabrication. This paper tackles the historic development of the fabrication of cast steel. At first the beginnings are outlined. Following the different methods as used in Germany to cast steel as well as the quantity of the overall cast steel production are discussed. The paper ends with a conclusion.
Modeling and design of networked control systems using a stochastic switching systems approach
Authors: Kobayashi Koichi , Hiraishi Kunihiko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA networked control system (NCS) is a control system in which plants, sensors, controllers, and actuators are connected through communication networks. In this paper, we consider NCSs modeled by stochastic switching systems, and propose a new method for modeling and optimal control. First, a recursive representation of the expected value of the state is proposed. Next, after an over‐approximation of this recursive representation is derived, the optimal control problem is reduced to a linear programming problem. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is shown by a numerical example. The proposed method provides us an easy‐to‐use control method for NCSs. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A set of genetically diverged Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with markerless deletions of multiple auxotrophic genes
Authors: Louvel Hélène , Gillet‐Markowska Alexandre , Liti Gianni , Fischer Gilles 
Published: November 2013

AbstractGenome analysis of over 70 Saccharomyces strains revealed the existence of five groups of genetically diverged S. cerevisiae wild‐type isolates, which feature distinct genetic backgrounds and reflect the natural diversity existing among the species. The strains originated from different geographical and ecological niches (Malaysian, West African, North American, Wine/European and Sake) and represent clean, non‐mosaic lineages of S. cerevisiae, meaning that their genomes differ essentially by monomorphic and private SNPs. In this study, one representative strain for each of the five S. cerevisiae clean lineages was selected and mutated for several auxotroph genes by clean markerless deletions, so that all dominant markers remained available for further genetic manipulations. A set of 50 strains was assembled, including eight haploid and two diploid strains for each lineage. These strains carry different combinations of leu2∆0, lys2∆0, met15∆0, ura3∆0 and/or ura3∆::KanMX‐barcoded deletions with marker configurations resembling that of the BY series, which will allow large‐scale crossing with existing deletion collections. This new set of genetically tractable strains provides a powerful tool kit to explore the impact of natural variation on complex biological processes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Structure, Magnetic Properties, and Catalase‐like Activity of Methoxy‐bridged Manganese(III) Coordination Polymer containing Hydrazone based (O,N,O)2‐Donor Ligand
Authors: Hosseini‐Monfared Hassan , Bikas Rahman , Mohammadi Sakine , Mancilla Percino Teresa , Demeshko Serhiy , Meyer Franc , Leyva Ramírez Marco A. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract A 1D coordination polymer of manganese(III) with a hydrazone‐based ligand, [Mn2(L)(μ‐OCH3)2(OHCH3)2]n (1), was synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses and spectroscopic methods {H4L = bis[(2‐hydroxynaphthalen‐1‐yl)methylene]adipohydrazide}. The crystal structure of 1 was determined by X‐ray crystallography. The two dianionic domains of the ligand adopt trans configuration, and each coordinates in a tridentate mode via the O, N, O′‐donor atoms to a MnIII ion forming a dinuclear compound. The methoxy ligands provide an asymmetric bridge between two central manganese atoms, which lead to the formation of a 1D coordination polymer. A 2D supramolecular structure is formed by hydrogen bonding interactions between the 1D chains. Although the methoxy ligands are labile, the polymer preserves its oligonuclearity in the solution. Temperature‐dependent magnetic susceptibility studies proved the presence of a weak antiferromagnetic interaction between manganese(III) ions with J = –3.2 cm–1, which results from axial distortion of the manganese coordination environment. Compound 1 showed catalase‐like activity in disproportionation of H2O2.
Conjugated Linoleic Acid (t‐10, c‐12) Reduces Fatty Acid Synthesis de Novo, but not Expression of Genes for Lipid Metabolism in Bovine Adipose Tissue ex Vivo
Authors: Choi Seong Ho , Silvey David T. , Johnson Bradley J. , Doumit Matthew E. , Chung Ki Yong , Sawyer Jason E. , Go Gwang Woong , Smith Stephen B. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe hypothesized that exogenous fatty acids, and especially or 18:2 trans‐10, cis‐12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), would decrease adipogenic and lipogenic gene expression and de novo fatty acid biosynthesis in intramuscular (i.m.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) adipose tissues. Fresh i.m. and s.c. adipose tissues were collected from the longissimus thoracis muscle of Angus steers at 12, 14, and 16 months of age (n = 4 per time point). Adipose tissue explants were incubated in duplicate for 48 h with 40 μM α‐linolenic (ALA), oleic, stearic, trans‐vaccenic, or CLA. Adipocyte size, acetate and glucose incorporation into fatty acids in vitro and mRNA levels for C/EBPβ, CPT1β, GPR43,PPARγ, PRKAA1 (AMPKα) and SCD1 were measured following the incubations. PRKAA1 and SCD1gene expression were greater (P < 0.001) in s.c. adipose tissue than in i.m. adipose tissue and acetate incorporation into lipids and C/EBPβ, PPARγ, and SCD1gene expression were greater at 16 months of age than at 12 months of age in i.m. adipose (P < 0.01). C/EBPβ gene expression increased by 16 months of age and PRKAA1 gene expression decreased by 16 months of age in s.c. adipose tissue. All fatty acids increased s.c. adipocyte volumes whereas CLA decreased acetate incorporation into lipids in s.c. adipose tissue (P < 0.05), but none of the fatty acids affected gene expression in i.m. or s.c. adipose tissue (P > 0.10). Thus, CLA depressed de novo fatty acid biosynthesis from acetate but neither CLA nor other fatty acids significantly affected adipogenic or lipogenic gene expression.
Novel role for carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 2 in cranial sensory circuit formation
Authors: Cox Jane A. , LaMora Angela , Johnson Stephen L. , Voigt Mark M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn zebrafish, cranial sensory circuits form by 4 days post‐fertilization. We used a forward genetic screen to identify genes involved in the formation of these circuits. In one mutant allele, sl23, axons arising from the epibranchial sensory ganglia do not form their stereotypical terminal fields in the hindbrain. These embryos also had small eyes and deformed jaws, suggesting a pleiotropic effect. Using positional cloning, a 20‐nucleotide deletion in the carbamoyl‐phosphate‐synthetase2‐aspartate‐transcarbamylase‐dihydroorotase (cad) gene was found. Injection of a CAD morpholino phenocopied the mutant and mutants were rescued by injection of cad RNA. Cad activity is required for pyrimidine biosynthesis, and thus is a prerequisite for nucleic acid production and UDP‐dependent protein glycosylation. Perturbation of nucleic acid biosynthesis can result in cell death. sl23 mutants did not exhibit elevated cell death, or gross morphological changes, in their hindbrains. To determine if defective protein glycosylation was involved in the aberrant targeting of sensory axons, we treated wild type embryos with tunicamycin, which blocks N‐linked protein glycosylation. Interference with glycosylation via tunicamycin treatment mimicked the sl23 phenotype. Loss of cad reveals a critical role for protein glycosylation in cranial sensory circuit formation.
On The Error Estimate for Cubature on Wiener Space
Authors: Cass Thomas , Litterer Christian 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIt was pointed out by Crisan and Ghazali that the error estimate for the cubature on Wiener space algorithm developed by Lyons and Victoir requires an additional assumption on the drift. In this paper we demonstrate that it is straightforward to adopt the analysis of Kusuoka to obtain a general estimate without an additional assumptions on the drift. In the process we slightly sharpen the bounds derived by Kusuoka.
Leaf-litter decomposition of the mangrove speciesAvicennia schaueriana,Laguncularia racemosaandRhizophora mangle
Authors: Lima Rene G. , Colpo Karine D. 
Published: November 2013

This study evaluated the decomposition process of leaf litter from the main Brazilian mangrove speciesAvicennia schaueriana,Laguncularia racemosaandRhizophora mangle. Senescent leaves were collected, dried and placed in nylon bags with different mesh sizes (fine: 2 × 2 mm and coarse: 8 × 8 mm). The bags were distributed over the sediment, and replicates of each species and mesh size were collected periodically over 4 months. In the laboratory, the dry weight of the samples was measured, and the decomposition coefficient (k) for each species and mesh size was obtained over time. All species showed a rapid decomposition rate at the beginning of the experiment, followed by a slower but steady rate of decomposition over time. The rate of leaf litter decomposition was highest inA. schaueriana, intermediate inL. racemosaand lowest inR. mangle. The difference was mainly linked to the activity and abundance of detritivores, together with the different litter quality of the species, which determined their palatability and probably influenced the decomposition process.
Factors influencing the occurrence of the Endangered Baird's tapir Tapirus bairdii: potential flagship species for a Costa Rican biological corridor
Authors: Cove Michael V. , Pardo Vargas Lain E. , de la Cruz Juan Camilo , Spínola R. Manuel , Jackson Victoria L. , Saénz Joel C. , Chassot Olivier 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBaird's tapir Tapirus bairdii is categorized as Endangered on the IUCN Red List and is considered rare and locally extirpated from most of its historic range in Costa Rica. We conducted camera-trap and track surveys at 38 forested sites in and around the San Juan–La Selva Biological Corridor in the Northern Zone of Costa Rica. Cameras were set along established game trails and natural funnels and operated for 14–38 days per site. Additionally, we documented tapir tracks at many sites. We used survey photographs and track presence to create detection histories to estimate the habitat and survey-specific variables that influence the probability of detection and the probability of occurrence of Baird's tapir. The two major protected areas within and adjacent to the corridor were most positively associated with tapir occurrence, and forest cover and native and exotic tree plantations were also positively associated with tapirs’ use of sites. Although the Baird's tapir is rare, our findings suggest that it is more resilient and better able to use available habitat in the fragmented corridor than previously thought. This is most likely a consequence of increased forest cover from reforestation and tree plantations and limited hunting pressure. Given its charismatic nature we recommend that Baird's tapir could be used as a flagship species for the San Juan–La Selva Biological Corridor, to raise local awareness about conservation and increase economic growth from ecotourism.
TRANSPORT TECHNOLOGY AND ECONOMIC EXPANSION: THE GROWTH CONTRIBUTION OF RAILWAYS IN LATIN AMERICA BEFORE 1914
Authors: Herranz-Loncán Alfonso 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper measures the direct contribution of railways to economic growth before 1914 in four Latin American economies with large railway systems (Argentina, Brazil, Mexico and Uruguay) using growth accounting techniques. The outcomes of the analysis indicate that the growth contribution of railways in Uruguay was very low. By contrast, in Argentina and Mexico railways provided huge benefits, amounting to 20-25% of income per capita growth before 1914. Finally, in Brazil, the growth contribution of railways was even higher, although this was largely a consequence of the stagnation of the Brazilian economy. These results provide an example of a technology whose growth contribution was much higher in some peripheral economies than in the core countries where it was developed.
GMM ESTIMATION AND UNIFORM SUBVECTOR INFERENCE WITH POSSIBLE IDENTIFICATION FAILURE
Authors: Andrews Donald W.K. , Cheng Xu 
Published: November 2013

This paper determines the properties of standard generalized method of moments (GMM) estimators, tests, and confidence sets (CSs) in moment condition models in which some parameters are unidentified or weakly identified in part of the parameter space. The asymptotic distributions of GMM estimators are established under a full range of drifting sequences of true parameters and distributions. The asymptotic sizes (in a uniform sense) of standard GMM tests and CSs are established.The paper also establishes the correct asymptotic sizes of “robust” GMM-based Wald,t, and quasi-likelihood ratio tests and CSs whose critical values are designed to yield robustness to identification problems.The results of the paper are applied to a nonlinear regression model with endogeneity and a probit model with endogeneity and possibly weak instrumental variables.
Fertilization capacity of cryopreserved Iberian ibex epididymal sperm in a heterologousin vitrofertilization assay
Authors: López-Saucedo J. , Santiago-Moreno J. , Fierro R. , Izquierdo D. , Coloma M.A. , Catalá M.G. , Jiménez I. , Paramio M.T. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryIn vitrofertilization (IVF) can be used to assess the fertilization capacity of sperm. Heterologous IVF may be useful when assessing that of wild animals as it is often difficult to obtain adequate numbers of naturally corresponding oocytes. The aim of the present study was to assess the fertilization capacity of frozen–thawed ibex epididymal spermatozoa via heterologous IVF involving the oocytes of prepubertal domestic goats. The effect on fertilization and embryo development of adding oestrous sheep serum (ESS) to the fertilization medium was also examined. Cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) were matured in TCM-199 for 24–27 h at 38.5°C in a 5% CO2in air atmosphere. Frozen–thawed epididymal spermatozoa were selected by density gradient centrifugation. After maturation, the oocytes were co-incubated with spermatozoa in synthetic oviductal fluid (SOF) with different concentrations of ESS: SOF-C (0%), SOF-2 (2%) and SOF-20 (20%). At 17 h post-insemination (hpi), zygotes with one female and one male pronucleus (2PN) were categorised as normal; zygotes with 3PN were recorded as polyspermic, and oocytes with 1PN as asynchronous. Cleavage and blastocyst development were assessed at 48 and 168 hpi respectively. The percentage of zygotes with 2PN was higher in the SOF-2 than in the SOF-20 treatment group (27.7% versus 2.9%P< 0.05). The percentage of blastocysts formed with the SOF-C, SOF-2 and SOF-20 treatments were 1.1%, 7.5% and 0% respectively. These results show that the presence of 2% ESS achieves better results than the use of no serum or the standard 20% concentration. Heterologous IVF may be an effective method for predicting the fertilization capacity of ibex spermatozoa, and therefore perhaps that of other wild mountain ungulates.
From Cradle of European Civilization to Grave Austerity: Does Greece Face a Creeping Health Disaster?
Authors: Levett Jeffrey 
Published: November 2013

LevettJ.From cradle of European civilization to grave austerity: does Greece face a creeping health disaster?Prehosp Disaster Med.2013;28(6):1-2.While the global financial crisis started on the American continent, Greece has felt the biggest shock. As a result of government-imposed austerity measures following the implementation of the Memorandum of Understanding,* population health and the health sector have been impacted. This adds a burden to the national health system (NHS), already facing compromised efficiency and effectiveness. Cuts in health and social protection budgets are an additional exacerbation. These events have precipitated serious discussion, variable opinions, and related activity, but there is limited research on the public health impact of austerity.1In 2011, I suggested that the Memorandum could be damaging to health and that there is a creeping health disaster2while Kentikelenis referred to the omens of disaster.3If austerity was tested like a medication in a clinical trial, it would have been stopped long ago, given its deadly side effects, according to Stuckler and Basu.4According to Blyth, austerity is a dangerous idea.5In terms of the Utstein template,6–8austerity is designated a health hazard, which can be exacerbated when national governance is weak.9The outcome is a creeping disaster of uncertain dynamics.†
Phylogenetic patterns of character evolution in the hyobranchial apparatus of early tetrapods
Authors: Witzmann Florian 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe morphologies of the hyobranchial apparatus in early tetrapods are reviewed, based primarily on first-hand examination and supplemented by published descriptions. The basic arrangement of the “aquatic” hyobranchium, with four pairs of branchial arches and internal gills, was conserved to a remarkable degree across the fish–to–tetrapod transition and was retained in further evolution in adults of several tetrapod lineages. Thus, a fish-like hyobranchium in basal tetrapods does not necessarily represent a larval or paedomorphic character, respectively, as was often suggested in analogy to extant salamanders. Rather, it represents the plesiomorphic state of the adult hyobranchium in tetrapods. The changes in the hyobranchium during the fish–to–tetrapod transition include the reduction of the number of skeletal elements and their morphological simplification. In all three presently discussed scenarios of lissamphibian origin, the temnospondyl, lepospondyl and diphyly hypotheses, the internal gills were reduced independently within temnospondyls and on the amniote stem below seymouriamorphs. Evidence of remodelling into a true “terrestrial” hyobranchium, with reduction of the posterior branchial arches and modification to support terrestrial tongue feeding, is scarce in early tetrapods. It evolved within temnospondyls in zatracheids, amphibamids and lissamphibians, as well as once or several times in early amniotes or in their immediate stem-forms.
Regional impacts of climate change on agriculture and the role of adaptation.
Authors: Berry P. , Ramirez-Villegas J. , Bramley H. , Mgonja M. A. , Samarendu Mohanty Samarendu Mohanty 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

This chapter discusses the impacts of climate change on agriculture and the role of adaptation. Specifically, the chapter explores the following impacts of climate change on agriculture: increased CO2 concentrations, water availability, and pests and diseases. The chapter also includes reports of case studies on climate change impacts on wheat, rice and millet.
Harnessing meiotic recombination for improved crop varieties.
Authors: Armstrong S. J. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

This chapter describes how a deeper understanding of sexual reproduction in plants, specifically the processes of meiosis, should lead to better use of germplasm in crop breeding as a response to climate change. It explains why meiotic recombination lies at the heart of generating novel varieties. Knowledge from Arabidopsis thaliana will be implemented and assessed by experiments aimed at altering meiotic recombination in crop species, initially using the closely related brassicas and the cereal crop barley, with the overall aim of providing the plant breeder with the knowledge to modify recombination and potentially develop new varieties.
High temperature stress.
Authors: Djanaguiraman M. , Prasad P. V. V. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

This chapter discusses the impact of high temperature stress on crops and their wild relatives as well as on species fitness, physiological, growth and yield processes. It describes the role of crop wild relatives and landraces for high temperature stress tolerance, and the traits used in breeding for high temperature stress. Approaches for developing high temperature stress-tolerant genotypes are presented, which include traditional backcross, quantitative trait loci and transgenic approaches.