bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of susceptibility of leaves on short-term UV-B irradiation
Authors: Skórska E. , Murkowski A. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The effects of short-time ultraviolet-B irradiation (0.74 kJ m-2 d-1) at light on cucumber and peppermint leaves were studied.Aconsiderable decrease of the most important chlorophyll fluorescence parameters values mainly in the cucumber leaves, compared to the control, was observed. It indicates damages as well as at a donor and acceptor side of photosystem II, specially in the oxygen evolving complex, electron transport and connected with the dark reactions. In the peppermint leaves these values were unchanged or slight decreased. After 24 h from disappearing of the applied UV-B stress, adverse changes became established, especially in the cucumber leaves show irreversible damages of photosystem II. Coefficient of nonphotochemical quenching increased by 50% in the peppermint leaves, while in cucumber remained unchanged. Chlorophyll delayed luminescence coefficient was decreased by 36% in the UV-B irradiated cucumber leaves and by 25% in the peppermint leaves. Content of ultraviolet-absorbing compounds was higher in peppermint leaves by 78% than in the cucumber. Generally, peppermint seemed to be more tolerant to the applied UV-B radiation compared to cucumber.
Identification of different wheat seeds by electronic nose
Authors: Zhou Bo , Wang Jun , Qi Jinfeng 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The potential of electronic nose to distinguish of wheat seeds was studied. The reproducibility and practicability of electronic nose data was evaluated by repeating the analysis of samples with a time difference of two months. The principle components analysis and linear discriminant analysis were applied to the generated patterns to distinguish the varieties of wheat seeds. The results showed that they could distinguish the wheat varieties properly. The stepwise discriminant analysis and a three-layer backpropagation neural network were developed for pattern prediction models. The results showed that both models could identify the wheat varieties, the back-propagation neural network presented the higher percent of correct classifications in comparison to stepwise discriminant analysis.Moreover, gas chromatographymass spectrometry analysis of the headspaces of same samples confirmed that electronic nose as a powerful tool is able to identify thewheat seeds.
Physical properties of coriander seeds at different moisture content
Authors: Balasubramanian S. , Singh K.K. , Kumar R. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Physical properties of coriander seeds were determined at moisture content of 3.5-17.7%, d.b. The major axis and 1 000 seeds mass were found to decrease nonlinearly with increase in seed moisture. The medium and minor axes, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, unit volume, surface area and angle of repose increased linearly. Bulk density decreased linearly, however the true density increased non-linearly. The coefficient of static friction increased nonlinearly for different surfaces with increase in moisture level and its maximum was found for plywood surface. The rupture force and energy absorbed decreased linearly with increasing moisture content.
Mobility, Market Exchange and Livelihood Transition: Fulbe Flexibility in Tanout, Niger
Authors: Greenough Karen 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The Woδaaбe and Katsinen-ko'en Fulбe of Tanout, Niger, in the northern Sahel practise slightly different strategies of (agro)pastoral production, with consequently differing patterns of mobility. They engage in similar market exchanges (livestock, grain, fodder) and forms of livelihood transitions in both directions along a pastoralism-agropastoralism axis. Case studies of seven households (three Woδaaбe and four Katsinenko'en) illustrate the complexity of these practices over a year and a half. If researchers and policy makers are to gain an operational understanding of the risks, opportunities and strategies that characterize the actual agropastoral continuum and the different cultures that engage it, they should extend their analyses beyond the rigidity of agro/pastoral models to the complex relationships these groups of producers have within their ecological and socio-economic environments.
Meaningful Learning for Resilience-building among Mongolian Pastoralists
Authors: Baival Batkhishig , Fernández-Giménez María E. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Two pairs of herding communities with and without formal communitybased rangeland management experience were studied to understand how the resilience of pastoral communities is influenced by their ability to combine different knowledge types for learning. The two types o f communities differed in number, use and integration of existing knowledge types. Challenges in knowledge integration for learning occur when outside knowledge carriers present their information to herders without relating it to prior knowledge systems. When they establish trusted relationships and meaningful communication with herders, oneway knowledge exchanges are avoided, stimulating equitable, inclusive and durable integration of various knowledge systems essential for social-ecological resilience building.
Le pouvoir de l'écriture
Authors: Lazzarini Isabella , Salnot Paula 
Published: February 2013

L’intérêt envers les écrits publics médiévaux, considérés non plus comme de seuls vecteurs de données mais comme des actions performatives et des champs discursifs, a surgi en Italie il y a quelques décennies, se focalisant notamment sur la « révolution écrite » et la relation forte et substantielle entre le gouvernement et l’écrit pendant la période communale. Ces dernières années, les écrits publics de l’Italie du bas Moyen Âge et du début de l’ère moderne ont également attiré l’attention des universitaires et des chercheurs. Dans l’Italie du bas Moyen Âge, un large éventail de phénomènes – la production, la préservation, la dispersion des écrits, mais aussi les schémas de diffusion et les relations structurelles entre l’écriture et la définition des structures de pouvoir, entre la mémoire écrite et l’identité politique – était profondément conditionné par la dynamique existante entre la croissance de régimes territoriaux changeants et la ville, avec sa tradition publique, rhétorique et juridique lourde et si particulière. Cet article se concentrera sur certains éléments essentiels de ce croisement complexe, en ce qui concerne la production et la préservation d’écrits publics d’origine urbaine, et la dynamique entre la ville, la chancellerie et l’État territorial au cours de la formation de régimes politiques plus vastes et mieux définis dans l’Italie du XIV e et du XV e siècle.
C609T polymorphism of NADPH Quinone Oxidoreductase 1 Correlates Clinical Hematological Toxicities in Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Amrubicin
Authors: Nagata Misato , Kimura Tatsuo , Suzumura Tomohiro , Kira Yukimi , Nakai Toshiyuki , Umekawa Kanako , Tanaka Hidenori , Matsuura Kuniomi , Mitsuoka Shigeki , Yoshimura Naruo , Oka Takako , Kudoh Shinzoh , Hirata Kazuto 
Published: February 2013

Background Amrubicin hydrochloride (AMR) is a key agent for lung cancer. NADPH quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) metabolizes the quinone structures contained in both amrubicin (AMR) and amrubicinol (AMR-OH). We hypothesized that NQO1 C609T polymorphism may affect AMR-related pharmacokinetics and clinical outcomes. Methods Patients received AMR doses of 30 or 40 mg/m2/day on days 1–3. Plasma sampling was performed 24 hours after the first and third AMR injections. Concentrations of AMR and AMR-OH were determined by HPLC and the NQO1 C609T polymorphism was assayed by RT-PCR. Results A total of 35 patients were enrolled. At a dose of 40 mg/m2, the T/T genotype exhibited a tendency toward a relationship with decrease concentrations of AMR-OH on days 2 and 4. The genotype also showed a significant decrease of hematological toxicities ( P < 0.05). Conclusions NQO1 C609T polymorphism had a tendency of correlation with the plasma concentrations of AMR-OH, and thereby had significant correlations with hematologic toxicities.
Nafamostat Mesilate for Anticoagulation in Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
Authors: Hwang Seun Deuk , Hyun Yu Kyung , Moon Sung Jin , Lee Sang Choel , Yoon Soo Young 
Published: February 2013

Purpose During continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), anticoagulation of the extracorporeal circuit is required. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of nafamostat mesilate, a serine protease inhibitor, compared with heparin. Methods We retrospectively studied 222 patients treated with CRRT in the intensive care unit (ICU). Clinical and filter-related data were extracted. Results We reviewed the medical records of the patients treated with CRRT. Initial anticoagulation methods were 56 heparin and 25 nafamostat mesilate; 10 patients received infused heparin systemically, and 131 patients were treated without anticoagulation. Total number of filters used was 1,236. Median filter lifespan with nafamostat mesilate was significantly greater than heparin (24.3 vs. 17.5 hours, p<0.001) and Kaplan-Meier survival plots revealed the longer survival of the circuits using nafamostat mesilate than heparin or without anticoagulation. In Cox proportional hazard models, nafamostat mesilate predicted longer filter survival. Although nafamostat mesilate induced activated partial thromboplastin time prolongation in 11 circuits (5.4%), bleeding episodes were not increased. Conclusions Nafamostat mesilate anticoagulation was associated with prolonged filter survival compared with heparin. These data suggest that nafamostat mesilate is a good choice for anticoagulant with prolonged filter survival during CRRT in critically ill patients.
Identifying HIF Activity in Three-Dimensional Cultures of Islet-Like Clusters
Authors: Skiles Matthew L. , Wilder Nathan B. , Sahai Suchit , Blanchette James O. 
Published: February 2013

Purpose Hypoxia is a major cause for failure of encapsulated islet grafts. Three-dimensional (3D) re-aggregation and hypoxic preconditioning are used to help overcome this obstacle. However, it is still difficult to identify hypoxic cells in a 3D system. We evaluate the efficacy of a fluorescent system for detecting HIF-1 activity in live β-cells. Identification of HIF-1 activity and correlation with insulin secretion and viability will allow for more informed implant construction and better prediction of post-transplantational function. Methods MIN6 cells were infected with the marker virus and rotationally cultured to form clusters. Clusters were encapsulated in PEG hydrogels and incubated in 20%, 2%, or 1% O2. Gels were imaged daily for hypoxia marker signaling and for morphological observation. Daily GSIS was quantified by insulin ELSIA and cell viability was assessed by LIVE/DEAD staining. Results Clusters cultured in 2% and 1% O2 displayed high levels of HIF activity compared to 20% O2 clusters. 20% O2 clusters maintained viability and achieved a smooth, islet-like morphology by Day 14. Clusters in 2% and 1% O2 failed to associate cohesively and showed reduced viability. As a whole, constructs cultured in 20% O2 exhibited 10-fold higher GSIS than constructs in 2% and 1% O2. Conclusions Our marker is an effective approach for identifying cellular hypoxia in 3D cultures. β-cell clusters in 2% and 1% O2 are similarly affected by reduced oxygen tension, with HIF-1 activity correlating to reduced GSIS and impaired cell/cluster morphology. Simultaneous aggregative culture and hypoxic conditioning may not be beneficial to β-cell transplantation.
Can a Central Stitch over the Arantius' Nodules Provide a Solution for Pre-Operative Severe Native AI in LVAD Patients?
Authors: De Praetere Herbert , Jacobs Steven , Rega Filip , Droogne Walter , Meyns Bart 
Published: February 2013

Purpose To evaluate the evolution of aortic valve insufficiency (AI) after Park's central stitch in patients with severe, pre-operative, native aortic valve insufficiency. Methods We retrospectively studied 71 continuous flow LVAD patients between January 2004 and December 2010. Four patients with AI≥3/4 were treated with a central stitch. An intensive review of the literature was performed to debate the use of the central stitch in this population. Results The AI at baseline (AI = 2.75 ± 0.5) and AI at last measurement (AI = 0.75 ± 0.65) is statistically different after central stitch (p<0.05) with mean follow up of 198.25 (± 146.70) days. Total cross clamp-time during the placement of the stitch was 15.5 minutes (± 13.062). CVA was not diagnosed in our cohort. Conclusions Park's central stitch can be successfully performed on patients with severe native AI (≥3/4) with good long-term results. Short ischemic time and simple application of the stitch are the biggest advantages. Due to the progression of AI in longstanding LVAD, the central stitch may be beneficial for LVAD in destination therapy. Since this is a small group of patients and also an early experience, more cases will be necessary to confirm these positive results.
Commod Bods and Frybread Power: Government Food Aid in American Indian Culture
Authors: Vantrease Dana 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This essay explores American Indian cultural expressions related to government food aid through interviews with Indians and surveys of Indian mass media. Many Indians consider foods like frybread, cheese, and canned meats as traditional or characteristic Indian foods, even though they did not exist in North America before Europeans introduced them. Government-provided food items have evolved over generations of shared experience into ethnic symbols. The foods also symbolize the history of conflict between Indians and the government and the continuing struggle for a strong, authentic Indian identity.
Examining Augmented Reality as a Platform for Situated Ethnography through the Lens of the ARIS Wisconsin Uprising Game
Authors: Roy Carrie , Frandy Tim 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This review explores the use of the Augmented Reality Interactive Storytelling (ARIS) platform to create geographically situated educational and ethnographic video games on mobile Apple devices like iPhones and iPads. Using the example of a game our research team developed to document the Wisconsin Uprising of 2011, we detail in this review the technical capabilities, formats, and features of ARIS, along with their respective merits and limitations. We also consider theoretical implications of presenting ethnographic fieldwork through interactive ethnographic games. ARIS games demand heavy editing and the fictionalization of ethnography, but offer opportunities for players to interact with fieldwork in ways that challenge traditional notions of ethnographic representation.
An Audit to Evaluate the Clinical Safety and PSA Response of Firmagon® (Degarelix) in Patients with Advanced Metastatic Prostate Cancer -
Authors: Nikhil Vasdev  , Patricia McClurey  , Debra Gray  , Aftab Bhatti  , David Chadwick  
Published: February 2013

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical safety and PSA response in patients with metastatic prostate cancer being treated with Firmagon® (Degarelix) and to assess the drug's safety profile. Patients and Methods: This was an audit of 35 patients with PSA levels >50 and advanced metastatic prostate cancer at presentation who received Firmagon® (Degarelix) as per our North East & Cumbria Cancer Drug Approvals Group (NECDAG), UK guidelines. The audit was conducted using results from three hospitals in North East England with an aim to evaluate the safety profile, clinical and PSA response with this new drug. Baseline symptoms at diagnosis, presenting PSA and post treatment parameters on the commencement of with Firmagon® (Degarelix) were recorded. All patients in our cohort were homogenous having had not received any previous treatment including any form of LHRH analogue therapy. PSA levels were measured at 6 weekly intervals initially followed by 3 monthly intervals to evaluate initial and long term response to treatment withFirmagon® (Degarelix). Results: There was no incidence of anaphylaxis or injection site complications on immediate administration ofFirmagon® (Degarelix). No of our patients had renal or liver toxicity in our series. There was no incidence of tumour flare in any patient. A total of 23% of patients who presented primarily with severe bone pain described a complete resolution of Firmagon® (Degarelix) and required no adjuvant treatment such as bisphosphonates or palliative radiotherapy. A significant reduction in PSA levels were noted immediately at 6 weeks and 3 months following treatment with Firmagon® (Degarelix) (p=0.0038). Conclusions: Firmagon® (Degarelix) is a safe drug is well tolerated in patients with advanced metastatic prostate cancer. The reason of how bone pain completely resolves in some patients with extensive bone metastasis on the commencement of Firmagon® (Degarelix) needs to be evaluated.
Experiments on VME and ISA Buses for a Computer Architecture Laboratory
Authors: Moreno L. , González E. J. , Piñeiro J. D. , Estévez J. I. , Merino J. J. , Sigut J. F. , Aguilar R. M. 
Published: February 2013

This article presents a set of hardware experiments in the area of computer architecture. They combine their practical aspects with a set of simulation exercises. We propose a series of practical applications including both asynchronous VME/synchronous ISA buses and parallelism. The system on which experiments are carried out is an 80 × 86 CPU-based prototype.
A Unified Approach to the Analysis of Unidirectional and Bi-Directional Parallel Flow Heat Exchangers
Authors: Sekulić D. P. 
Published: February 2013

Virtually all sources devoted to heat exchanger theory, (in particular the heat transfer textbooks), start the analyses of the main thermal features of various heat exchangers by emphasizing the differences between the two basic flow arrangements: (i) the unidirectional parallel flow (in the literature often called parallel flow or co-current flow), and (ii) bidirectional flow (in the literature often called counterflow or counter-current flow). This is justified by a convincing argument that the two arrangements correspond to the two theoretical limits of performance. Namely, among all possible flow arrangements, the unidirectional flow is characterized with the smallest and the bi-directional with the largest effectiveness. Modeling of the two arrangements is, as a rule, performed simultaneously but separately. More importantly, the concept of heat exchanger effectiveness is usually introduced as the ratio of the heat transfer rate, exchanged in a given heat exchanger, and the maximum possible heat transfer rate that could be exchanged in a hypothetical bidirectional flow (counterflow) heat exchanger of an infinitely large thermal (and physical!) size. In contrast, this paper promotes a unified approach to both flow arrangements and advocates the use of the effectiveness definition based on a notion of the dimensionless outlet temperature of fluid stream. It is argued that this approach evades pedagogical drawbacks of formal integration of two mathematical models and, more importantly, eliminates the need for an introduction of a vague concept of ‘infinitely large counter-current heat exchanger’. Instead, a unified analysis of a single model should be performed and the effectiveness should be introduced as a figure of merit that takes into account performance only of the actual heat exchanger. This approach leads to the same final results as the conventional one, but it follows methodologically a simpler path, without a need for an early introduction of vague (although plausible) thermodynamic concepts.
Ghanaian Women and the Engineering Profession
Authors: Baryeh E. A. , Obu R. Y. , Lamptey D. L. , Baryeh N. Y. 
Published: February 2013

The number of Ghanaian women in the engineering profession is very low compared to that of men, although current government policies on education promote equal educational opportunities for both sexes. A study has been conducted on some Ghanaian women engineers and women engineering students, with some input from some male engineering student counterparts, and male and female engineering lecturers. It was found, amongst other reasons, that the absence of counselling in secondary schools, difficulties in understanding mathematical concepts, criticism and discouragement from people and the low number of female lecturers are some of the causes of low female participation in engineering. Cultural and social stereotyping of male and female roles in jobs did not worry the female engineers and engineering students. The major motivating factors were natural curiosity, mathematics and science ability, and influence from family and non-family members. They had high career aspirations of rising to management, executive positions and setting up engineering firms. The engineering lecturers and male engineering students were all in favour of increasing the participation of females in engineering. Some suggestions have been made on what to do to increase female participation in engineering.
A Challenging Transformation: The Irish Green Party's Emergence into Power
Authors: Leonard Liam 
Published: February 2013

This article will examine a significant area of interest in Irish political sociology: the emergence of a social movement into politics and eventually government. The focus of the article will be on the transitions of the Irish environmental movement and Green Party. It will examine the background to this transformative process from the establishment of Comhaontas Glas from the Ecology Party in 1986 through to the moment when this process culminated in the Green Party taking its place as a junior partner in the Coalition Government in 2007. This process will be shown to represent a success for the politically pragmatic ‘relos’ over the socially emotive ‘fundis’ of the Greens at a time when the wider environmental movement has moved in the opposite direction. One of the key areas of analysis for the paper will be an application of Foucault's concept of political power to the processes which transformed the activist-based green movement into a viable coalition partner within a neo-liberal government. The paper will also examine the consequences of this transition in the context of Foucault's understanding of power as something fluid which emerges from the identity framing of ‘discursive formations’, rather than emanating out of the imposition of institutional hegemony. The paper concludes with an assessment of the impact of the Green Party's participation in government for its leadership and members, in the wake of contentious issues such as the two Lisbon Treaty referendums, and the coalition's bailout of the neo-liberal banking system.