bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Predictors of Functional Outcome After Trauma
Authors: Nemunaitis Gregory , Roach Mary Joan , Claridge Jeffrey , Mejia Melvin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundDespite the availability of routinely collected trauma data, researchers who investigate rehabilitation outcomes, functional evaluation, and comparative effectiveness have not incorporated this potentially clinically meaningful information in their modeling as predictors or adjustors.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to identify variables from the scene of a traumatic accident and from the emergency department that can be used in assessing functional outcomes of persons who survive trauma.DesignProspective study.SettingLevel I academic trauma center.PatientsPersons who sustained and survived a spinal cord injury, a traumatic brain injury, or polytrauma.MethodsTrauma and rehabilitation registries were merged by matching the 2 data files for each patient by medical record number, and the files were verified by gender and date of birth. Analysis consisted of standard descriptive statistics (frequencies and averages). A 2‐staged linear regression was used to investigate the relationship between the demographic, scene, and ED data elements and discharge functional outcome.Main Outcome MeasureDischarge Functional Independence Measure (FIM).ResultsOlder patients with government insurance had poorer discharge FIM scores compared with patients who had commercial insurance. The Injury Severity Score (ISS) and Glasgow Coma Scale score from the scene of the accident were significantly associated with the discharge FIM. Persons with a lower ISS had significantly higher discharge FIM scores than did persons with a higher ISS (P < .001). For every unit change in Glasgow Coma Scale score, FIM scores increased by 0.488 points (P = .030).ConclusionThe use of routinely collected trauma data elements can be useful in assessing the continuum of patient care. Incorporating trauma data into research has the potential to improve our models of functional outcomes and provide meaningful risk adjustors when comparing and evaluating rehabilitation care systems and treatments.
Patients With Fibromyalgia Have Significant Autonomic Symptoms But Modest Autonomic Dysfunction
Authors: Vincent Ann , Whipple Mary O. , Low Phillip A. , Joyner Michael , Hoskin Tanya L. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundResearch suggests that disordered autonomic function may be one contributor to deconditioning reported in fibromyalgia; however, no study to date has assessed these variables simultaneously with comprehensive measures.ObjectiveTo characterize physical fitness and autonomic function with the use of clinically validated measures and subjective questionnaires between patients with fibromyalgia and healthy controls.DesignCross‐sectional, observational, controlled study.SettingCommunity sample of patients with fibromyalgia and healthy controls.ParticipantsThirty patients with fibromyalgia and 30 pain and fatigue‐free controls.MethodsParticipants completed a battery of self‐report questionnaires and physiological measures, including clinically validated measures of physical fitness and autonomic function.Main Outcome MeasurementsSix‐Minute Walk Test total distance, maximal oxygen consumption as assessed by cardiopulmonary exercise testing, total steps using activity monitor, Composite Autonomic Scoring Scale as assessed by Autonomic Reflex Screen, total metabolic equivalents per week using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and self‐reported autonomic symptoms via the 31‐item Composite Autonomic Symptom Score questionnaire.ResultsAutonomic function, as assessed by self‐report, was significantly different between patients and controls (P < .0001); in contrast, the only difference between patients and controls on the Autonomic Reflex Screen was in the adrenergic domain (P = .022), and these abnormalities were mild. Self‐reported physical activity was not significantly different between patients and controls (P = .99), but levels of moderate and vigorous physical activity as measured by actigraphy were significantly lower in patients (P = .012 and P = .047, respectively). Exercise capacity (6‐Minute Walk) was poorer in patients (P = .0006), but there was no significant difference in maximal volume of oxygen consumption (P = .07).ConclusionsPatients with fibromyalgia report more severe symptoms across all domains, including physical activity and autonomic symptoms, compared with controls, but the objective assessments only showed modest differences. Our results suggest that patients with widespread subjective impairment of function have only modest objective measures of autonomic dysfunction. We recommend that the primary treatment goal should be focused on restoration of function, which may also ameliorate symptoms.
Intersectoral policy for severe and persistent mental illness: review of approaches in a sample of high-income countries
Authors: Diminic S. , Carstensen G. , Harris M. G. , Reavley N. , Pirkis J. , Meurk C. , Wong I. , Bassilios B. , Whiteford H. A. 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundIt is increasingly recognised that intersectoral linkages between mental health and other health and support sectors are essential for providing effective care for individuals with severe and persistent mental illness. The extent to which intersectoral collaboration and approaches to achieve it are detailed in mental health policy has not yet been systematically examined.MethodsThirty-eight mental health policy documents from 22 jurisdictions in Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Ireland and Canada were identified via a web search. Information was extracted and synthesised on: the extent to which intersectoral collaboration was an objective or guiding principle of policy; the sectors acknowledged as targets for collaboration; and the characteristics of detailed intersectoral collaboration efforts.ResultsRecurring themes in objectives/guiding principles included a whole of government approach, coordination and integration of services, and increased social and economic participation. All jurisdictions acknowledged the importance of intersectoral collaboration, particularly with employment, education, housing, community, criminal justice, drug and alcohol, physical health, Indigenous, disability, emergency and aged care services. However, the level of detail provided varied widely. Where detailed strategies were described, the most common linkage mechanisms were joint service planning through intersectoral coordinating committees or liaison workers, interagency agreements, staff training and joint service provision.ConclusionsSectors and mechanisms identified for collaboration were largely consistent across jurisdictions. Little information was provided about strategies for accountability, resourcing, monitoring and evaluation of intersectoral collaboration initiatives, highlighting an area for further improvement. Examples of collaboration detailed in the policies provide a useful resource for other countries.
THE CERTAINTY OF TERM REQUIREMENT IN LEASES: NOTHING LASTS FOREVER
Authors: Williams Ian 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis article explains the rule that leases have a certain term from the outset by placing the lease within the wider context of the system of estates in land. There are no perpetual estates in land. However, some uncertain terms risk creating genuinely perpetual estates, conflicting with the nemo dat principle. All leases for uncertain terms cause considerable difficulties if a superior estate comes to an end. The article shows that the common law addressed this difficulty, not entirely consistently, before 1925, but there are still real difficulties in the operation of escheat were uncertain terms to be permitted.
ANTISUIT INJUNCTIONS IN SUPPORT OF ARBITRATION:WEST TANKERSSTILL AFLOAT
Authors: Hartley Trevor C 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn its eagerly awaited judgment inGazprom, the CJEU declined to follow the Opinion of Advocate General Wathelet thatWest Tankersis no longer good law. TheWest Tankerscase decided that the courts of one Member State are precluded from granting antisuit injunctions directed at proceedings in the courts of another Member State, even if the proceedings in which the injunction is granted fall outside the scope of the Brussels Regulation by reason of the fact that they are concerned with arbitration. TheGazpromcase confirms thatWest Tankersis still good law.
Children's interpretation of conjunction in the scope of negation in English and Mandarin: New evidence for the semantic subset maxim
Authors: NOTLEY ANNA MYRA , ZHOU PENG , CRAIN STEPHEN 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTWe tested 3- to 5-year-old English- and Mandarin-speaking children on their interpretation of sentences like The elephant didn't eat both the carrot and the capsicum. These sentences are scopally ambiguous. Adult English speakers favor a weak interpretation of such sentences, with negation taking scope over conjunction (i.e., the elephant probably ate one of the vegetables, but not both). In contrast, adult Mandarin speakers favor a strong interpretation of the corresponding Mandarin sentences, with conjunction taking scope over negation (i.e., the elephant ate neither vegetable). The semantic subset maxim (Notley, Zhou, Jensen, & Crain, 2012) predicts that children acquiring all human languages should initially prefer the strong (subset) reading of such sentences. In contrast, the question–answer requirement model (Gualmini, Hulsey, Hacquard, & Fox, 2008; Hulsey, Hacquard, Fox, & Gualmini, 2004) predicts that children should initially prefer the scope reading that constitutes a good true answer to a question under discussion in the context. We designed a task in which the weak reading of our sentences corresponded to a good true answer to the question under discussion. We found that children across languages nonetheless preferred to assign a strong interpretation to our test sentences, providing empirical support for the semantic subset maxim.
Household food insufficiency is associated with dietary intake in Korean adults
Authors: Lee Sang Eun , Song Yoon Ju , Kim Young , Choe Jeongsook , Paik Hee-Young 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association of food insufficiency with dietary intake and eating and health behaviours.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingData were obtained from a secondary source, the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010–2012).SubjectsThe sample size consisted of 15 603 adults over 19 years of age (8898 households).ResultsSignificant differences in socio-economic factors were observed according to food insufficiency level (P<0·05), but BMI was similar among groups. Regarding macronutrients, lower protein intake and higher carbohydrate intake were found in the severely food-insufficient group, but we found no association with fat intake. Regarding micronutrients, Ca, Fe, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin niacin and vitamin C intakes were negatively associated with food insufficiency level (Ptrend<0·05). Consumption of different food groups, such as meat, fish, eggs and beans, vegetables and fruits, was significantly lower as food insufficiency level decreased after controlling for all possible variables; food group consumption also differed by sex. Overall eating and health behaviours were poorer in the mildly and severely food-insufficient groups, who received more food assistance but less nutritional education.ConclusionsOur results showed that dietary intake as well as eating and health behaviours are adversely associated with food insufficiency. These findings suggest that specific strategies to help food-insufficient individuals should be developed in order to improve their dietary quality and health status.
THE CIRCULATION OF INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC BETWEEN OLD AND NEW WORLDS: NEW EVIDENCE FROM SOURCES PRESERVED IN MEXICO CITY AND LIMA
Authors: VERA ALEJANDRO 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThis article deals with the circulation of instrumental music between Spain and the New World at the end of the eighteenth century, focusing on Madrid, Mexico City and Lima as main urban centres. By analysing archival documents preserved in these cities, I intend to show that the baroque guitar music composed and copied in Madrid was also intended to be a commercial concern in Latin America (particularly in Mexico City and Lima), and that its cultivation in the New World lasted for a long time, even through to the beginning of the nineteenth century, thus coexisting with music by Johann Christian Bach, Boccherini, Cannabich, Haydn and other ‘modern’ composers. These assertions are reinforced through an examination of two musical manuscripts copied in Lima around 1800, which also shows some of the changes undergone by the repertory during its complex process of reception. I conclude by suggesting that, in the light of all this, a linear and evolutionary view of music history, according to which new repertories replace older ones, should be reconsidered.
On-farm phenotypic characterization of Mursi cattle in its production environment in South Omo Zone, Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Terefe Endashaw , Dessie Tadelle , Haile Aynalem , Mulatu Wudyalew , Mwai Okeyo 
Published: August 2015

SummaryThis study was conducted to characterize the morphological peculiarities and performance characteristics of Mursi cattle in its production environment managed by Bodi and Mursi pastoral communities in Southern Ethiopia. A structured questionnaire survey, group discussion, cattle morphological measurements and morphological descriptions were used to collect data. One hundred and two household heads were selected to administer the questionnaire and 201 adult cattle were selected for morphological description and body measurements. The Mursi cattle population was found to have variable coat colour type (85.9 percent) and coat colour pattern (51.3 percent). Body length, chest girth, withers height, rump width and rump length of Mursi cattle were 122.1 ± 0.9, 144.5 ± 0.9, 113 ± 0.1.1, 36.9 ± 0.3 and 20.4 ± 0.3 cm, respectively. Morphological measurements of most linear traits show no difference in the two locations but all measurements vary (P&lt; 0.001) between males and females. Estimated age at first calving was 4.6 years and was significantly (P&lt; 0.0001) higher in the Mursi area, while the calving interval (14.5 months) and cow reproductive life (14.2 years) were the same in both locations. Average daily milk yield (2.1 litres) and lactation length (7.8 months) of Mursi cattle in the two locations were similar. Cattle production was constrained by high disease prevalence, seasonal feed availability, and water shortage, with frequent drought. Trypanosomosis, black leg, anthrax and skin diseases are major cattle diseases reported in the two study areas. Because of its peculiar morphological characteristics, including large body frame, higher production performance, and survivability in the harsh environment, the Mursi cattle can be used as an alternative genetic resource for production improvement programs.
Loss of lamin A function increases chromatin dynamics in the nuclear interior
Authors: Bronshtein I. , Kepten E. , Kanter I. , Berezin S. , Lindner M. , Redwood Abena B. , Mai S , Gonzalo S. , Foisner R. , Shav-Tal Y. , Garini Y. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractChromatin is organized in a highly ordered yet dynamic manner in the cell nucleus, but the principles governing this organization remain unclear. Similarly, it is unknown whether, and how, various proteins regulate chromatin motion and as a result influence nuclear organization. Here by studying the dynamics of different genomic regions in the nucleus of live cells, we show that the genome has highly constrained dynamics. Interestingly, depletion of lamin A strikingly alters genome dynamics, inducing a dramatic transition from slow anomalous diffusion to fast and normal diffusion. In contrast, depletion of LAP2α, a protein that interacts with lamin A and chromatin, has no such effect on genome dynamics. We speculate that chromosomal inter-chain interactions formed by lamin A throughout the nucleus contribute to chromatin dynamics, and suggest that the molecular regulation of chromatin diffusion by lamin A in the nuclear interior is critical for the maintenance of genome organization.
Tbx15 controls skeletal muscle fibre-type determination and muscle metabolism
Authors: Lee Kevin Y. , Singh Manvendra K. , Ussar Siegfried , Wetzel Petra , Hirshman Michael F. , Goodyear Laurie J. , Kispert Andreas , Kahn C. Ronald 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSkeletal muscle is composed of both slow-twitch oxidative myofibers and fast-twitch glycolytic myofibers that differentially impact muscle metabolism, function and eventually whole-body physiology. Here we show that the mesodermal transcription factor T-box 15 (Tbx15) is highly and specifically expressed in glycolytic myofibers. Ablation of Tbx15 in vivo leads to a decrease in muscle size due to a decrease in the number of glycolytic fibres, associated with a small increase in the number of oxidative fibres. This shift in fibre composition results in muscles with slower myofiber contraction and relaxation, and also decreases whole-body oxygen consumption, reduces spontaneous activity, increases adiposity and glucose intolerance. Mechanistically, ablation of Tbx15 leads to activation of AMPK signalling and a decrease in Igf2 expression. Thus, Tbx15 is one of a limited number of transcription factors to be identified with a critical role in regulating glycolytic fibre identity and muscle metabolism.
Effects of low-fat diet and aging on metabolic profiles of Creb3l4 knockout mice
Authors: Kim T-H , Park J-M , Jo S-H , Kim M-Y , Nojima H , Ahn Y-H 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Background/Objectives:
Increased adipose tissue mass closely associates with the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Previously, we reported that CREB3L4 expressed in adipose tissue negatively regulates adipogenesis, and Creb3l4 knockout mice fed a high-fat diet for 16 weeks showed fat cell hyperplasia, with improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. These mice did not show significant weight gain and fat mass. Because fat diet or aging is known to be associated with the development of obesity, we examined the effects of Creb3l4 gene subjected to low-fat diet (LFD) or aging process on body composition and obesity risk.

Subjects/Methods:
We fed Creb3l4 knockout mice a low-fat diet for 16 weeks (LFD group) or chow diet for over 1 year (aged group) and observed various metabolic parameters in the LFD-fed and aged Creb3l4 knockout mice.

Results:
LFD-fed and aged Creb3l4 knockout mice showed significant weight gain and adiposity, impaired glucose tolerance and decreased insulin sensitivity, compared with wild-type mice.

Conclusions:
Creb3l4 has a critical role in metabolic phenotypes and a better understanding of its function may provide improved insight into the etiology of diabetes and other metabolic disorders.
Polyamine biosynthesis is critical for growth and differentiation of the pancreas
Authors: Mastracci Teresa L. , Robertson Morgan A. , Mirmira Raghavendra G. , Anderson Ryan M. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe pancreas, in most studied vertebrates, is a compound organ with both exocrine and endocrine functions. The exocrine compartment makes and secretes digestive enzymes, while the endocrine compartment, organized into islets of Langerhans, produces hormones that regulate blood glucose. High concentrations of polyamines, which are aliphatic amines, are reported in exocrine and endocrine cells, with insulin-producing β cells showing the highest concentrations. We utilized zebrafish as a model organism, together with pharmacological inhibition or genetic manipulation, to determine how polyamine biosynthesis functions in pancreatic organogenesis. We identified that inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis reduces exocrine pancreas and β cell mass and that these reductions are at the level of differentiation. Moreover, we demonstrate that inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis, phenocopies inhibition or knockdown of the enzyme deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS). These data identify that the pancreatic requirement for polyamine biosynthesis is largely mediated through a requirement for spermidine for the downstream posttranslational modification of eIF5A by its enzymatic activator DHS, which in turn impacts mRNA translation. Altogether, we have uncovered a role for polyamine biosynthesis in pancreatic organogenesis and identified that it may be possible to exploit polyamine biosynthesis to manipulate pancreatic cell differentiation.
Investigation on preparation and performance of spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 with different microstructures for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Xue Yuan , Wang Zhenbo , Zheng Lili , Yu Fuda , Liu Baosheng , Zhang Yin , Ke Ke 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe high voltage spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 is a promising cathode material in next generation of lithium ion batteries. In this study, LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 with various particle microstructures are prepared by controlling the microstructures of precursors. LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 spinel samples with solid, hollow and hierarchical microstructures are prepared with solid MnCO3, hollow MnO2 and hierarchical Mn2O3 as precursor, respectively. The homemade spinel materials are investigated and the results show that the content of Mn3+ and impurity phase differ much in these three spinel samples obtained under the same calcining and annealing conditions. It is revealed for the first time that an inhomogeneous migration of atoms may introduce Mn3+ and impurity phase in the spinel. The hierarchical microstructure with the primary particles interconnected is optimal for electrode materials because this microstructure has a higher conductivity between the interconnected primary particles and appropriate specific surface area. LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 in this microstructure has the best rate capability and also the best long-term cycling stability.
Organic acids from root exudates of banana help root colonization of PGPR strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NJN-6
Authors: Yuan Jun , Zhang Nan , Huang Qiwei , Raza Waseem , Li Rong , Vivanco Jorge M. , Shen Qirong 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe successful colonization of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in the rhizosphere is an initial and compulsory step in the protection of plants from soil-borne pathogens. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the role of root exudates in the colonization of PGPR. Banana root exudates were analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) which revealed exudates contained several organic acids (OAs) including oxalic, malic and fumaric acid. The chemotactic response and biofilm formation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NJN-6 were investigated in response to OA’s found in banana root exudates. Furthermore, the transcriptional levels of genes involved in biofilm formation, yqxM and epsD, were evaluated in response to OAs via quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results suggested that root exudates containing the OAs both induced the chemotaxis and biofilm formation in NJN-6. In fact, the strongest chemotactic and biofilm response was found when 50 μM of OAs were applied. More specifically, malic acid showed the greatest chemotactic response whereas fumaric acid significantly induced biofilm formation by a 20.7–27.3% increase and therefore biofilm formation genes expression. The results showed banana root exudates, in particular the OAs released, play a crucial role in attracting and initiating PGPR colonization on the host roots.