bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening Assessment of Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins in Southern California Lentic Habitats
Authors: Magrann Tracey , Meredith D. A. Howard , Martha Sutula , Danilo S. Boskovic , William K. Hayes , Stephen G. Dunbar 
Published: September 2015

<p class="emsd"><span lang="EN-GB">Harmful bloom-forming cyanobacteria (CyanoHABs) and associated toxins are increasingly prevalent world-wide. We</span><span lang="EN-GB"> conducted a screening-level study to determine if cyanobacteria and associated cyanotoxins were present in Southern California coastal lakes, ponds, and seasonally tidal lagoons. We evaluated waterbody nutrient status and physiochemical parameters, land use, waterbody type, and habitat type, to determine their utility as screening factors for risk of CyanoHAB blooms. </span><span lang="EN-GB">One-time grab samples were collected from 30 sites during July</span><span lang="EN-GB">–</span><span lang="EN-GB">September 2009. Samples were analyzed for phytoplankton taxonomic composition, nutrients, other physiochemical parameters, and three cyanotoxins: m</span><span lang="EN-GB">icrocystins (MCY), anatoxin-a, and cylindrospermopsin</span><span lang="EN-GB">. </span><span lang="EN-GB">Cyanobacteria was the predominant taxonomic group in most water bodies in this study, and <em>Microcystis</em> spp. was the predominant genus in 96% of the study sites. Cyanobacteria were equally prevalent among coastal lagoons, depressional wetlands, and lakes in this study. We detected MCY in high concentrations in 10% of our sites</span><span lang="EN-GB">, but neither anatoxin-a nor cylindrospermopsin were detected. All of the MCY-positive sites exceeded California action levels for recreational use and World Health Organization (WHO) guidance for human health effects. The prevalence of <em>Microcystis </em>spp. from all study sites indicates a high potential for MCY in these water bodies, although the one-time toxin grab samples likely underestimated the overall toxicity of these sites. Landscape variables, such as developed land use and dominant habitat type, were not found to be predictive indicators of cyanobacterial dominance. However, because cyanobacteria become consistently dominant when chlorophyll-a levels exceed 15 µg L<sup>-1</sup>, chlorophyll-a can serve as a significant predictor of MCY. </span></p>
The Prosodization of Weak Function Words in Kurdish Language (Leilakhi Dialect)
Authors: Abad Sadegh Mohammadi Bolban , Alinezhad Batool , Rezai Vali 
Published: September 2015

<p>This paper investigates the prosodic structure of simple prepositions and dependent personal pronouns as weak function words in Leilakhi Dialect with the theoretical framework of Prosodic Phonology or Phonology of Domains. Weak function words (fnc) of this dialect are proclitics or enclitics that form Clitic Group (CG) with their host. One such feature of these elements is their combinatorial restriction with their host, <em>i.e. </em>simple prepositions as prosodic proclitics must precede a noun phrase or independent personal pronoun and absolute prepositions as phonological words join the dependent personal pronouns in the role of enclitics which give form to the clitic group. The phonetic process and phonological process used in this research are aspiration and stress assignment pattern respectively. </p>
Historia en las redes, las redes de humanistas en el renacimiento
Authors: Sanchez Herrera Orlando , Duarte Martell Román D. 
Published: September 2015

Se realiza un censo de los humanistas del Renacimiento a partir de enciclopedias y listas de humanistas. La lista resultante se dividió en periodos de 30 años y se conformó una red social con los personajes que resultaron contemporáneos, se obtuvieron 8 redes. Cada una de las redes se analizó con el software para análisis de redes sociales Pajek y por medio de software escrito ad hoc en lenguaje M. Resultados: las redes de humanistas son redes complejas en virtud de sus propiedades topológicas. Planteamos que los parámetros topológicos de las redes sociales son la medida de su complejidad. Las redes de humanistas ganaron en robustez gradualmente hasta alcanzar su máximo en el periodo de 1493-1523, para luego declinar. Todas las redes estudiadas mantuvieron las propiedades topológicas asociadas con la velocidad de transmisión de información, facilidad de transmisión y estabilidad hasta el fin del Renacimiento. Como algunos miembros de las redes de humanistas conformaron también las llamadas redes de filósofos de la naturaleza es factible plantear que estas últimas heredaron las propiedades de las primeras. El humanista más relevante del periodo Renacentista resulto ser Erasmo de Rotterdam por el valor que alcanzo en su intermediación durante 3 periodos consecutivos.
Edmund Spenser's Anti-Catholicism: Duessa's Part in it All
Authors: SCHUETTE GERHARDT 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT
This research looks at Edmund Spenser's The Faerie Queene, one of the earliest and most celebrated pieces of epic poetry in the English language. While it has long been recognized that Spenser's work participates in the agenda of the Protestant Reformation, this research illustrates that Spenser's work is much more than a reflection of the norms of the Elizabethan period. Using the character of Duessa as a focal point, this research illuminates the ways in which Spenser used The Faerie Queene to not just echo but present his idiosyncratic stance on the threat of Catholicism to the English people.
Big Fish Stories: Analysis of Historical Newspaper Data on Size of Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) in the Lake Michigan Basin
Authors: COCHRAN PHILIP 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTOld newspapers (1850–1915) in the Lake Michigan basin were surveyed for reports of large lake sturgeon (≥ 100 pounds = 45.4 kg). Records of large fish were obtained from throughout the basin. To assess the accuracy of reported measurements, reported weights associated with reported lengths were compared to weights predicted by a weight-length regression developed for a large sample of fish from Lake Winnebago. Although there were a few obvious or likely outliers in the historical Lake Michigan data set, reported and predicted weights were not significantly different. Moreover, although the mean magnitude of deviations between reported and predicted weights, expressed as a proportion of predicted weight, was substantial, it was comparable to natural variability among lake sturgeon due to the effects of differences between sexes, locations, times of year, and reproductive status.
Therapeutic Hydroxychloroquine Blood Levels Are Associated With Fewer Hospitalizations and Possible Reduction of Health Disparities in Lupus
Authors: Garg Shivani , Astor Brad C. , Saric Callie , Valiente Giancarlo , Kolton Lexie , Chewning Betty , Bartels Christie M. 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveNonadherence to receiving hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is associated with a three‐fold higher risk of lupus‐related hospitalization. Monitoring HCQ blood levels could improve adherence to receiving HCQ and efficacy. Yet, HCQ level monitoring is not routinely done partially due to cost and coverage concerns. To establish HCQ level monitoring cost‐effectiveness, we reported the following: (1) risk of acute care by HCQ blood levels, and (2) cost of HCQ monitoring versus acute care visits.MethodsHCQ blood levels were measured during routine lupus visits. HCQ levels were categorized as follows: (1) subtherapeutic (<750 ng/mL), (2) therapeutic (750–1,200 ng/mL), or (3) supratherapeutic (>1,200 ng/mL). All lupus‐related acute care visits (emergency room visits/hospitalizations) after the index clinic visit until next follow‐up were abstracted. In our primary analysis, we examined associations between HCQ levels and time to first acute care visit in all patients and subgroups with higher rates of acute care.ResultsA total of 39 lupus‐related acute care visits were observed in 181 patients. Therapeutic HCQ blood levels were associated with 66% lower rates of acute care. In our cohort, two groups, Black or Hispanic patients and those with public insurance, faced three to four times higher rates of acute care. Levels within 750 to 1,200 ng/mL were associated with 95% lower rates of acute care use in subgroups with higher acute care use.ConclusionHCQ blood levels within 750 to 1,200 ng/mL are associated with lower rates of acute care in all patients with lupus, including groups with higher rates of acute care. Future clinical trials should establish the causal association between HCQ level monitoring and acute care in patients with lupus.image
Cd‐Free High‐Bandgap Cu2ZnSnS4 Solar Cell with 10.7% Certified Efficiency Enabled by Engineering Sn‐Related Defects
Authors: Wang Ao , Huang Jialiang , Yan Chang , He Guojun , Cui Xin , Yuan Xiaojie , Zhou Shujie , He Mingrui , Qiu Tianyun , Zhao Chenghan , Green Martin A , Sun Kaiwen , Hao Xiaojing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCd‐free high‐bandgap Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) solar cells are expected to offer green and low‐cost solutions to single‐junction and tandem photovoltaic markets. Despite attracting considerable attention in past years, reported certified efficiency has yet to exceed the 10% threshold. Sn‐related defects, especially those originating from Sn2+ oxidation states, lead to severe recombination loss and limit device performance. Here, the formation of these detrimental defects is suppressed by creating a more benign chemical environment during sulfurization annealing. With dominant Sn4+ states in the source material and the precursor, the oxidation state of Sn remains primarily in its native Sn4+ state during annealing and in the final film. Engineering the Sn‐related defects leads to shallower tail states in bulk CZTS and fewer interfacial defects. As a result, both radiative and non‐radiative recombination losses are alleviated, contributing to a certified 10.7% efficiency of the Cd‐free high‐bandgap CZTS solar cell. This strategy may advance various kesterite materials and other technologies with multivalent constituents.
Hierarchical Pore Structure Composite Electrode by Electrospinning for Dendrite‐free Zinc‐Based Flow Battery
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Peng Tao , Ban Yuhang , Zheng Menglian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the pursuit of sustainable energy solutions, zinc‐based flow batteries stand out for their potential in large‐scale energy storage, offering a blend of cost efficiency and safety. Although the porous electrode provides an increased specific surface area for reaction, the non‐uniform deposition of zinc, attributed to uneven concentration distribution within the porous electrode, has been a pivotal issue in accelerating the formation of zinc dendrites, which hinders the enhancement of energy density. A composite electrode with a strategic hierarchical pore structure has been developed with aligned nitrogen‐doped carbon fibers and traditional carbon felt. This structure takes advantage of the large pores of the carbon felt for efficient through‐flow paths, ensuring higher flow rates, while the dual‐scale pores within the electrospun film enhance mass transfer and increase the specific surface area. At 320 mA cm−2, it achieved an ≈11.4% improvement in the battery's energy efficiency. Moreover, the nitrogen doping and the optimized reaction uniformity within the composite electrode have been instrumental in reducing the generation of zinc dendrites. The battery, integrated with the innovative composite electrode, maintained an energy efficiency of 59.2% at 320 mA cm−2 after 300 cycles, which is a substantial improvement in operational longevity.
Open‐Shell Resonance of Germanium‐Alkyne Porous Organic Radical Polymer for Boosting Sodium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Dong Chengcheng , Yu Jie , Tao Xin , Wang Heng‐guo , Zhu Guangshan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPorous organic polymers (POPs) as electrode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are attracting increasing attention. However, the application of porous organic radical polymers (PORPs) with unique properties in SIBs is still in an infancy. Herein, two 3D germanium‐based POPs with conjugated diacetylene units (Ge‐DA) and acetylene units (Ge‐A) are designed and synthesized. Carbon radicals in Ge‐DA are verified by electron paramagnetic resonance and the resonance structure is calculated by density functional theory, showing a lower lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level (−5.46 eV) and a narrow energy gap (ca. 1.64 eV). In contrast, Ge‐DA as an anode for SIBs shows superior electrochemical properties to that of Ge‐A counterpart, including a higher specific discharge capacity of 349 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g−1, excellent cyclability with a capacity of 112 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 for at least 5000 cycles and high rate performance of 135 mAh g−1 at 20 A g−1, proving that the different electronic structures of the diacetylene and monoacetylene units affect the properties of materials.
Docetaxel‐Encapsulated Catalytic Pt/Au Nanotubes for Synergistic Chemo‐Photothermal Therapy of Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Yang Haiyan , Zhang Qian , Dai Liwei , Wang Yazi , Zheng Guangrong , Zhang Xinyue , Zheng Di , Ji Xiaojuan , Sang Yutao , Nie Zhihong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe combination of photothermal therapy with chemotherapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic modality for addressing triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). This manuscript describes a novel hybrid nanoplatform comprising ultrathin catalytic platinum/gold (Pt/Au) nanotubes encapsulated with docetaxel and phase‐change materials (PCMs) for the photoacoustic imaging‐guided synergistic chemo‐photothermal therapy of TNBC. Upon irradiation of near‐infrared laser, the photothermal heating of nanotubes converts solid‐state PCM into liquid, triggering the controlled release of the encapsulated docetaxel. The thin Pt layer within nanotubes enhances the nanotube's thermal stability, thus prolonging the photothermal ablation of tumors. Furthermore, platinum effectively mitigates tumor hypoxia by catalyzing the decomposition of hydrogen peroxides to generate oxygen in the tumor microenvironment, thus improving the efficiency of chemotherapy. It is demonstrated that the drug‐loaded nanotubes achieve significant tumor inhibition rates of 75.4% in vivo on 4T1 tumor‐bearing mice, significantly surpassing control groups. These nanotubes also notably extend survival, attributable to the synergistic effects of prolonged photothermal therapy facilitated by platinum and oxygenation‐enhanced chemotherapy. This combination leverages the unique properties of the Pt/Au NTs‐DTX/PCM nanoplatform, optimizing therapeutic outcomes. It is envisioned that this nanoplatform may find important applications in managing superficial malignant solid tumors in general.
Hydrophilic Components as Key Active Ingredients in Adipose‐Derived Matrix Bioscaffolds for Inducing Fat Regeneration
Authors: Ma Xiaomu , Yue Qiang , Wang Qian , Liu Chunjun , Fu Su , Luan Jie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDecellularized adipose‐derived matrix (DAM) has emerged as a promising biomaterial for soft tissue reconstruction. However, due to a lack of research on its complex composition, the understanding of the key components in DAM remains limited, leading to inconsistent adipogenic properties and challenges in optimizing preparation methods purposefully. In this study, it is proposed for the first time that DAM comprises two distinct components: hydrophilic (H‐DAM) and lipophilic (L‐DAM), each with markedly different effects on fat regeneration. It is confirmed that H‐DAM is the key component for inducing fat regeneration due to its enhanced cell–cell and cell–scaffold interactions, primarily mediated by the Hedgehog signaling pathway. In contrast, L‐DAM exhibits poor cell adhesion and contains more antigenic components, leading to a higher immunoinflammatory response and reduced adipogenesis. In addition, it is found that intracellular proteins, which are more abundant in H‐DAM, can be retained as beneficial components due to their hydrophilicity, contrary to the conventional view that they shall be removed. Accordingly, a purified bioscaffold with unprecedented efficacy is proposed for fat regeneration and reduced immunogenicity. This finding provides insights for developing scaffolds for fat regeneration and promotes the realization of xenotransplantation.
Engineering Supramolecular Hydrogels via Reversible Photoswitching of Cucurbit[8]uril‐Spiropyran Complexation Stoichiometry
Authors: Du Mengqi , Li Chuang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe integration of photoswitchable supramolecular units into hydrogels allows for spatiotemporal control over their nanoscale topological network and macroscale properties using light. Nevertheless, the current availability of photoswitchable supramolecular interactions for the development of such materials remains limited. Here, the molecular design of a novel photoswitchable cucurbit[8]uril‐spiropyran host–guest complex exhibiting fast and reversible switching of binding ratios between 1:2 and 1:1 is reported. Photoswitchable complexation stoichiometries are rationally exploited as (de)crosslinking units in multiple polymers for the design of supramolecular hydrogels displaying highly dynamic and switchable features that are spatiotemporally controlled by light. The hydrogels exhibit rapid reversible mechanical softening‐hardening upon alternating irradiation with blue and UV light, which is used to significantly accelerate and improve the efficiency of self‐healing and shape‐remolding of hydrogels. Furthermore, spiropyran endows such materials with unique reversible photochromic properties for reproducible patterning/erasing and information storage. Using a dual‐light‐assisted extrusion process, meter‐scale hydrogel fibers with enhanced structural integrity and photoswitchable ionic conductivity are constructed and woven into various slidable knots and fluorescent shapes. This work represents an innovative molecular design strategy for advancing the development of spatiotemporally engineered supramolecular hydrogels using light and opens avenues for their prospective applications in dynamic materials and adaptive systems.
Inhibited Passivation by Bioinspired Cell Membrane Zn Interface for Zn–Air Batteries with Extended Temperature Adaptability
Authors: Bai Yu , Deng Danni , Wang Jinxian , Wang Yuchao , Chen Yingbi , Zheng Huanran , Liu Mengjie , Zheng Xinran , Jiang Jiabi , Zheng Haitao , Yi Maozhong , Li Weijie , Fang Guozhao , Wang Dingsheng , Lei Yongpeng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDue to the slow dynamics of mass and charge transfer at Zn|electrolyte interface, the stable operation of Zn–air batteries (ZABs) is challenging, especially at low temperature. Herein, inspired by cell membrane, a hydrophilic‐hydrophobic dual modulated Zn|electrolyte interface is constructed. This amphiphilic design enables the quasi‐solid‐state (QSS) ZABs to display a long‐term cyclability of 180 h@50 mA cm−2 at 25 °C. Moreover, a record‐long time of 173 h@4 mA cm−2 at −60 °C is also achieved, which is almost threefolds of untreated QSS ZABs. Control experiments and (in situ) characterization reveal that the growth of insulating ZnO passivation layers is largely inhibited by tuned hydrophilic–hydrophobic behavior. Thus, the enhanced transfer dynamic of Zn2+ at Zn|electrolyte interface from 25 to −60 °C is attained. As an extension, the QSS Al‐air batteries (AABs) with bioinspired interface also show unprecedented discharge stability of 420 h@1 mA cm−2 at ‐40 °C, which is about two times of untreated QSS AABs. This bioinspired‐hydrophilic‐hydrophobic dual modulation strategy may provide a reference for energy transform and storage devices with broad temperature adaptability.
Iron‐Catalyzed Regioselective Borobenzylation of Vinyl Arenes
Authors: Meng Deyuan , Yun Jaesook 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHerein, catalytic difunctionalization of vinyl arenes is reported using an iron salt as a catalyst without ligands. A series of substituted alkylboronic acid esters was obtained as a single regioisomer from vinyl arenes at 50 °C. This multicomponent protocol enabled the formation of C−C and C−B bonds to produce boroalkylated products in a single process. A non‐radical pathway is proposed for the reaction in contrast to the radical pathways of iron‐catalyzed hydroalkylation reactions. The organoboron compounds generated from this reaction were further utilized for diverse functional group conversions.
Characterization of health and safety hazards of deconstruction activities
Authors: Bhattacharjee Kaushik , Chaudhary Shamita , Vishnoi Avni , Patel D. A. , Bugalia Nikhil 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundManual deconstruction—an alternative to mechanical demolition—is a crucial technique in the building industry that facilitates a circular economy for the built environment and achieves sustainable development goals (SDGs). However, the current body of literature lacks a thorough grasp of the OHS (occupational health and safety) hazards related to the deconstruction process. The current work closes this scholarly gap by outlining the deconstruction process as phases and sets of activities and highlighting potential health and safety hazards throughout different activities and phases.MethodsThe study uses numerous case studies and applies a descriptive case study technique to gather and analyze primary data from hundreds of photos and notes from over 40 field visits. The primary data are first used to prepare a comprehensive process map of deconstruction. Six construction safety experts and four industrial hygiene experts were then interviewed to identify and characterize health and safety hazards in images representative of the deconstruction activities.ResultsA taxonomy of OHS hazards for deconstruction was developed based on identifying 35 unique safety and 51 unique health hazards. Significant safety hazards in deconstruction activities include “struck‐by,” “trip, slip, and fall” hazards, and “lack of personal protective equipment.” Major health hazards include ergonomic concerns, respiratory diseases, and eye strain.DiscussionThe study highlights the occupational health and safety issues faced by the deconstruction trade with a granularity rarely covered in existing literature. The assessments can be helpful for OHS practitioners to identify potential health and safety improvements across various deconstruction phases.
Chromosomal translocation resolves a diagnostic odyssey for familial Ruvalcaba syndrome
Authors: Boyd Brenna M. , Fang He , Allingham‐Hawkins Diane , Fischer Gregory J. , Peng Siwu , Puryear Lauren , Liu Yajuan J. , Hisama Fuki M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn 1971, Ruvalcaba and colleagues reported a new syndrome in two brothers with severe intellectual disability, dysmorphic features, osseous dysplasia, and overlapping features in two intellectually disabled female maternal first cousins. No genetic cause was identified. We report on updated genomic studies and clinical follow‐up in this family, including one of the original probands and their niece, whose own lifelong diagnostic odyssey had been unresolved for over four decades. Trio exome sequencing and copy number variant analysis in an original proband revealed an unbalanced chromosome translocation with a 3.18 Mb terminal deletion of 2q37.3qter and 6.54 Mb terminal duplication of 5q35.2qter. His unaffected sister had no evidence of a chromosomal imbalance, and her affected daughter has the reciprocal terminal duplication at 2q37.3qter and terminal deletion at 5q35.2qter. We used optical genome mapping and Hi‐C analysis to further characterize the t(2;5)(q37.3;q35.2) translocation as well as RNA‐seq analysis and genome‐wide methylation profiling to elucidate the functional consequences of the genomic alterations. Candidate genes for the observed phenotypes include HDAC4, KIF1A, D2HGDH, FLT4, HNRNPH1, and NSD1.