bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immuno-haematologic and virologic responses and predictors of virologic failure in HIV-1 infected adults on first-line antiretroviral therapy in Cameroon
Authors: Meriki Henry D , Tufon Kukwah A , Afegenwi Mbunkah H , Nyindem Bernard A , Atanga Pascal N , Anong Damian N , Cho-Ngwa Fidelis , Nkuo-Akenji Theresa 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background
Contemporary data on the immunologic, haematologic and virologic responses and predictors of virologic failure after initiation of free antiretroviral treatment in Cameroon are needed to evaluate the current treatment-monitoring algorithm and to complement efforts to scale-up and improve on the management of HIV infections.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study conducted between October 2010 and June 2012. A total of 951 participants aged 18–74 years were recruited from selected approved HIV treatment centres of the Northwest and Southwest regions. This comprised 247 males and 704 females. Demographic, self-reported risk behaviours and socioeconomic data were obtained using a structured questionnaire. Full blood and CD4 + T-cell counts were done using standard automated techniques. Determination of viral load (VL) was done using Abbott RealTime HIV-1 m 2000™ system. Data was analysed using SPSS version 17. The statistical significance level was P < 0.05.

Results
The median duration of antiretroviral therapy (ART) was 24 months. The population mean CD4 + T-cell count was 255.3 cells/μL [95% CI, 236.8 – 273.9]. Overall, 45.9%, 43.8% and 10.2% of the participants had CD4 + T-cell counts of < 200 cells/μL, 200–499 cells/μL and > 500 cells/μL respectively. Anaemia was present in 26.2% of the participants with 62.3%, 25.7% and 12% described as mild, moderate and severe anaemia respectively. Virologic failure occurred in 23.2% of the participants with 12.3% having VL > 10,000 RNA copies/mL. Meanwhile 76.8% of patients attained adequate viral suppression with 40.8% having undetectable viral load. The age group 18–29 years (P = 0.024), co-infection with tuberculosis (P = 0.014), anaemia (P = 0.028) and distance from the treatment centre (P = 0.011) independently predicted virologic failure.

Conclusion
The majority of the participants achieved adequate viral suppression after ≥ 6 months of ART. Despite these favourable immuno-haematologic and virologic outcomes, the National AIDS Control Program should step-up efforts to improve on antiretroviral drug distribution, as well as proper assessment and management of anaemia, foster early diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis and enhance treatment adherence counselling especially in younger patients.
Influence of the ABCG2 gout risk 141 K allele on urate metabolism during a fructose challenge
Authors: Dalbeth Nicola , House Meaghan E , Gamble Gregory D , Pool Bregina , Horne Anne , Purvis Lauren , Stewart Angela , Merriman Marilyn , Cadzow Murray , Phipps-Green Amanda , Merriman Tony R 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Both genetic variation in ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 (ABCG2) and intake of fructose-containing beverages are major risk factors for hyperuricemia and gout. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the ABCG2 gout risk allele 141 K promotes the hyperuricaemic response to fructose loading.

Methods
Healthy volunteers (n = 74) provided serum and urine samples immediately before and 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes after ingesting a 64 g fructose solution. Data were analyzed based on the presence or absence of the ABCG2 141 K gout risk allele.

Results
The 141 K risk allele was present in 23 participants (31%). Overall, serum urate (SU) concentrations during the fructose load were similar in those with and without the 141 K allele (PSNP = 0.15). However, the 141 K allele was associated with a smaller increase in SU following fructose intake (PSNP <0.0001). Those with the 141 K allele also had a smaller increase in serum glucose following the fructose load (PSNP = 0.002). Higher fractional excretion of uric acid (FEUA) at baseline and throughout the fructose load was observed in those with the 141 K risk allele (PSNP <0.0001). However, the change in FEUA in response to fructose was not different in those with and without the 141 K risk allele (PSNP = 0.39). The 141 K allele effects on serum urate and glucose were more pronounced in Polynesian participants and in those with a body mass index ≥25 kg/m2.

Conclusions
In contrast to the predicted responses for a hyperuricemia/gout risk allele, the 141 K allele is associated with smaller increases in SU and higher FEUA following a fructose load. The results suggest that ABCG2 interacts with extra-renal metabolic pathways in a complex manner to regulate SU and gout risk.

Clinical Trials Registration
The study was registered by the Australian Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12610001036000).
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 2-transduced mesenchymal stem cells ameliorated anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody-induced glomerulonephritis by inhibiting oxidation and inflammation
Authors: Li Yajuan , Yan Mei , Yang Jichen , Raman Indu , Du Yong , Min Soyoun , Fang Xiangdong , Mohan Chandra , Li Quan-Zhen 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Oxidative stress is implicated in tissue inflammation, and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated nephritis. Using the anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody-induced glomerulonephritis (anti-GBM-GN) mouse model, we found that increased expression of glutathione S-transferase Mu 2 (GSTM2) was related to reduced renal damage caused by anti-GBM antibodies. Furthermore, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy has shed light on the treatment of immune-mediated kidney diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate if MSCs could be utilized as vehicles to deliver the GSTM2 gene product into the kidney and to evaluate its potential therapeutic effect on anti-GBM-GN.

Methods
The human GSTM2 gene (hGSTM2) was transduced into mouse bone marrow-derived MSCs via a lentivirus vector to create a stable cell line (hGSTM2-MSC). The cultured hGSTM2-MSCs were treated with 0.5mM H2O2, and apoptotic cells were measured by terminal dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The 129/svj mice, which were challenged with anti-GBM antibodies, were injected with 106 hGSTM2-MSCs via the tail vein. Expression of hGSTM2 and inflammatory cytokines in the kidney was assayed by quantitative PCR and western blotting. Renal function of mice was evaluated by monitoring proteinuria and levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and renal pathological changes were analyzed by histochemistry. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to measure inflammatory cell infiltration and renal cell apoptosis.

Results
MSCs transduced with hGSTM2 exhibited similar growth and differentiation properties to MSCs. hGSTM2-MSCs persistently expressed hGSTM2 and resisted H2O2-induced apoptosis. Upon injection into 129/svj mice, hGSTM2-MSCs migrated to the kidney and expressed hGSTM2. The anti-GBM-GN mice treated with hGSTM2-MSCs exhibited reduced proteinuria and BUN (58% and 59% reduction, respectively) and ameliorated renal pathological damage, compared with control mice. Mice injected with hGSTM2-MSCs showed alleviated renal inflammatory cell infiltration and reduced expression of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 (53%, 46% and 52% reduction, respectively), compared with controls. Moreover, hGSTM2-MSCs increased expression of renal superoxide dismutase and catalase, which may associate with detoxifying reactive oxygen species to prevent oxidative renal damage.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that the enhanced protective effect of GSTM2-transduced MSCs against anti-GBM-GN might be associated with inhibition of oxidative stress-induced renal cell apoptosis and inflammation, through over-expression of hGSTM2 in mouse kidneys.
RIP140 Represses the “Brown-in-White” Adipocyte Program Including a Futile Cycle of Triacyclglycerol Breakdown and Synthesis
Authors: Kiskinis Evangelos , Chatzeli Lemonia , Curry Edward , Kaforou Myrsini , Frontini Andrea , Cinti Saverio , Montana Giovanni , Parker Malcolm G. , Christian Mark 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP140) is a corepressor of nuclear receptors that is highly expressed in adipose tissues. We investigated the role of RIP140 in conditionally immortal preadipocyte cell lines prepared from white or brown fat depots. In white adipocytes, a large set of brown fat-associated genes was up-regulated in the absence of RIP140. In contrast, a relatively minor role can be ascribed to RIP140 in the control of basal gene expression in differentiated brown adipocytes because significant changes were observed only in Ptgds and Fabp3. The minor role of RIP140 in brown adipocytes correlates with the similar histology and uncoupling protein 1 and CIDEA staining in knockout compared with wild-type brown adipose tissue (BAT). In contrast, RIP140 knockout sc white adipose tissue (WAT) shows increased numbers of multilocular adipocytes with elevated staining for uncoupling protein 1 and CIDEA. Furthermore in a white adipocyte cell line, the markers of BRITE adipocytes, Tbx1, CD137, Tmem26, Cited1, and Epsti1 were repressed in the presence of RIP140 as was Prdm16. Microarray analysis of wild-type and RIP140-knockout white fat revealed elevated expression of genes associated with cold-induced expression or high expression in BAT. A set of genes associated with a futile cycle of triacylglycerol breakdown and resynthesis and functional assays revealed that glycerol kinase and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity as well as [3H]glycerol incorporation were elevated in the absence of RIP140. Thus, RIP140 blocks the BRITE program in WAT, preventing the expression of brown fat genes and inhibiting a triacylglycerol futile cycle, with important implications for energy homeostasis.
In vivo cell biology in zebrafish – providing insights into vertebrate development and disease
Authors: Vacaru Ana M. , Unlu Gokhan , Spitzner Marie , Mione Marina , Knapik Ela W. , Sadler Kirsten C. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
Over the past decades, studies using zebrafish have significantly advanced our understanding of the cellular basis for development and human diseases. Zebrafish have rapidly developing transparent embryos that allow comprehensive imaging of embryogenesis combined with powerful genetic approaches. However, forward genetic screens in zebrafish have generated unanticipated findings that are mirrored by human genetic studies: disruption of genes implicated in basic cellular processes, such as protein secretion or cytoskeletal dynamics, causes discrete developmental or disease phenotypes. This is surprising because many processes that were assumed to be fundamental to the function and survival of all cell types appear instead to be regulated by cell-specific mechanisms. Such discoveries are facilitated by experiments in whole animals, where zebrafish provides an ideal model for visualization and manipulation of organelles and cellular processes in a live vertebrate. Here, we review well-characterized mutants and newly developed tools that underscore this notion. We focus on the secretory pathway and microtubule-based trafficking as illustrative examples of how studying cell biology in vivo using zebrafish has broadened our understanding of the role fundamental cellular processes play in embryogenesis and disease.
Solvent Effect on Reaction Rate of Ruthenium–Fulvalene Complexes Intramolecularly Bridged by Alkyl Disulfides and the Effect of Chalcogen
Authors: Yasuhara Hiroki , Kaneko Masashi , Koga Kazuki , Tahara Tetsuya , Nakashima Satoru 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The reaction rate of [(PPh3)(MeCN)Ru(µ2-η5:η5-C10H8)(µ-MeSSMe)Ru(MeCN)(PPh3)](BF4)2 (2A), the intermediate of oxidative addition of disulfide to produce bis(thiolato)-bridged complex [(PPh3)Ru(µ2-η5:η5-C10H8)(µ2-SMe)2Ru(PPh3)](BF4)2 (2), changed depending on the solvent (CDCl3, CD2Cl2, CD3COCD3, and CD3NO2). The dependency is well explained by the stabilization energy of solvation of eliminated nitrile during the reaction. The corresponding PhCN complexes [(PhCN)2(PPh3)Ru(µ2-η5:η5-C10H8)Ru(PPh3)(PhCN)2](BF4)2 (1C) and [(PPh3)(PhCN)Ru(µ2-η5:η5-C10H8)(µ-MeSSMe)Ru(PhCN)(PPh3)](BF4)2 (2C) were newly synthesized to know the effect of nitrile. The intermediate of oxidative addition of diselenide [(PPh3)(MeCN)Ru(µ2-η5:η5-C10H8)(µ-MeSeSeMe)Ru(MeCN)(PPh3)](BF4)2 (3A) and the corresponding end product [(PPh3)Ru(µ2-η5:η5-C10H8)(µ2-SeMe)2Ru(PPh3)](BF4)2 (3) were also isolated, and the structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray structural analysis.
MONITORING TECHNOLOGIES CONTRIBUTION TO HOSPITALITY MARKET DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (CASE-STUDY: MOSCOW REGION)
Authors: Харитонова Татьяна , Kharitonova Tatyana , Кривошеева Татьяна , Krivosheeva Tatiana , Асоян Тигран , Asoyan Tigran 
Published: January 2014

The necessity for continuous market condition monitoring, which is called forth by the intensive external environment dynamics, makes monitoring technologies a priority in terms of industry research. Unlike conventional marketing analysis, monitoring affords the opportunity to collect and store information over a relatively extended period of time, which provides a solid ground for and benefits the quality of managerial decision making.
The article aims at identifying the special aspects of pre- and in-monitoring with the hotel industry targeted, and presents the monitoring procedure worked out and applied by the authors (case study: the Moscow region hotel service sector).
Finding a place beyond place in the Rouge Park Project
Authors: Freeman Barry , Frijia Natalie 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
This article is a critical reflection on the 2012 Rouge Park Project, an applied theatre project in Toronto that looked at the relationship between urban life and the natural world. The impetus for the project was the transitioning of a large Toronto civic park into a national park, making it the first of Canada’s many national parks to be located inside a major city. Using Doreen Massey’s notion of a ‘place beyond place’ as a provocation, the facilitators of the project consider whether the theatrical process enabled among the participants and audience any sense of ethical engagement with the issues at stake in the park’s nationalization. While modest about the outcomes, the facilitators find worth in the direct contact the project’s participants had with members of the community throughout the process.
Misperformance ethnography
Authors: Prendergast Monica 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Performance ethnography is a well-established area within ethnography, focusing as it does on a live performance of some kind. Within the hybrid field of performance studies, the notions of misperformance and the poetics of failure focus on the intrinsic qualities of ephemerality and contingency present in performance. More specifically, these concepts highlight how (un)planned mistakes, errors – even disasters – may befall those who perform, including the ever-pressing potential aesthetic disaster of a failed performance. How do these aspects of performance affect both performer and spectator, whether intended or not? And how might these concepts be of value and interest to a performance ethnographer/applied theatre researcher? This article presents an interdisciplinary investigation examining theories and practices of misperformance and failure in relation to how performance has been (successfully and perhaps less so) taken up as a form of ethnography.
Evaluation of cell wall reinforcement in feather keratin-treated waterlogged wood as imaged by synchrotron X-ray microtomography (μXRT) and TEM
Authors: Endo Rie , Sugiyama Junji 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Archaeological waterlogged woods (WLW) become considerably fragile over time because of chemical hydrolysis and the deterioration by microorganisms in the wet buried environment. The methods are sought for the dimensional stabilization of such woods. In the present article, the conservation of archaeological WLW of Chamaecyparis pisifera (Sieb. et Zucc.) Endl. by means of a commercially available feather keratin was in focus. The impregnation of an ancient wood from the 9th century A.D. was examined by the noninvasive synchrotron X-ray microtomography, which is well suited for imaging fragile samples. The thickness of the cell walls of keratin-treated wood was preserved and was comparable with that of recent wood. Notably, the middle lamella (ML) of keratin-treated wood appeared to be electron dense as indicated by transmission electron microscopy. Thus, it can be concluded that feather keratin is predominantly adsorbed on the ML and it prevents wood cell walls from collapsing and provides reinforcement.
The evaluation of the hypoglycemic effect of soft drink leaf extract of Phyllanthus amarus (Euphorbiaceae) in rats
Authors: Adedapo Adeolu Alex , Ofuegbe Sunday Oluwaseun 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background:
Phyllanthus amarus has been used in traditional medicine in Nigeria to treat some disease conditions. This study evaluated the soft drink extract (SDE) of the plant for antidiabetic activities in rats.

Methods: Standard phytochemical methods were used to test for the presence of phytoactive compounds in the plant. Acute toxicity was carried out in mice to determine safe doses for this plant extract. The antidiabetic activities of the SDE of the plant were assessed using some standard tests as well as histological changes in liver, kidney and pancreas. Diabetes mellitus was induced in rats using alloxan, whereas glibenclamide at 0.2 mg/kg was the reference drug used in this study.

Results: The SDE at 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight caused a significant reduction of fasting blood glucose, a significant change in the oral glucose tolerance test, a marked effect in the hypoglycemic activity test, and a pronounced reduction in the glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels of diabetic rats. Histopathologically, the liver of the diabetic nontreated and glibenclamide-treated groups showed widespread vacuolar change in the hepatocytes, but there was no visible lesion seen in the kidney and pancreas of extract-treated and glibenclamide-treated groups. No lesion was also seen in the liver of the SDE-treated group.

Conclusions: The results from this study may have validated the traditional basis for the use of P. amarus as antidiabetic agent with the pharmacological activities attributed to the presence of flavonoids and other phenolics contained in this plant. At the doses used, SDE also appeared safer than glibenclamide even though the latter is more potent.
A New Fractional Model of Nonlinear Shock Wave Equation Arising in Flow of Gases
Authors: Singh Jagdev , Kumar Devendra , Kumar Sunil 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
In this paper, we present a numerical algorithm
based on new homotopy perturbation transform method
(HPTM) to solve a time-fractional nonlinear shock wave
equation which describes the flow of gases. The fractional
derivative is considered in the Caputo sense. The HPTM is
combined form of Laplace transform, homotopy perturbation
method and He’s polynomials. The nonlinear terms
can be easily handled by the use of He’s polynomials. The
technique finds the solution without any discretization or
restrictive assumptions and avoids the round-off errors.
The obtained results are in good agreement with the existing
ones in open literature and it is shown that the technique
introduced here is robust, efficient, easy to implement
and computationally very attractive.
Parametric Analysis of Entropy Generation in Off-centered Stagnation Flow Towards a Rotating Disc
Authors: Rashidi M.M. , Shamekhi L. , Kumar Sunil 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The similarity solution for the steady stagnation
flow towards an off-centered rotating disc is gives a systemof
non-linear partial differential equations. These nonlinear
differential equations are numerically solved by applyingwell
known Keller-Box Method. After finding the velocity
distributions, the important designing subject, entropy
generation of this system has been analyzed. Graphical
results are presented to investigate effects of the rotation
ratio α, off-centering, Reynolds number and axial
height on the radial and azimuthal velocities and entropy
generation. In order to show the effectiveness of the Keller-
Box method, the obtained results are compared with available
solutions obtained using DTM. The obtained results
demonstrate the reliability of the algorithm and the Keller-
Box method is an attractive method in solving the systems
of nonlinear partial differential equations, and also the entropy
generation is an important parameter depends on
design andwork conditions that should be in the attention
of designers of these rotating systems.
Symmetry reduction in uranyl compounds with [(UO2)2(TO4)3]2- (T = Se, S, Mo) layers: crystal structures of the new guanidinium uranyl selenate and methylammonium uranyl sulfate
Authors: Gurzhiy Vladislav V. , Tyshchenko Darya V. , Krivovichev Sergey V. , Tananaev Ivan G. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Single crystals of the new guanidinium uranyl selenate, [CH6N3]2[(UO2)2(SeO4)3] (1), and methylammonium uranyl sulfate, [CH3NH3]2[(UO2)2(SO4)3] (2) have been prepared by isothermal evaporation from aqueous solutions under room-temperature conditions. The crystal structure of 1 has been solved by direct methods [monoclinic, P2, a = 9.9448(15), b = 9.727(2), c = 10.1508(15) Å, β = 90.213(12)°, V = 981.9(3) Å3, Z = 2] and refined to R1 = 0.0696 (wR2 = 0.1611) for 2511 reflections with |F0| ≥ 4σF using least square techniques. The crystal structure of 2 has been solved by direct methods [triclinic, P1, a = 8.4784(6), b = 9.7873(8), c = 9.8121(7) Å, α = 90.170(2), β = 95.744(2), γ = 90.136(2)°, V = 810.12(10) Å3, Z = 1] and refined to R1 = 0.0146 (wR2 = 0.0336) for 5378 reflections with |F0| ≥ 4σF using least square techniques. The structures of 1 and 2 are based upon the [(UO2)2(TO4)3]2- (T = Se, S) twodimensional uranyl layers formed by linkage of U pentagonal bipyramids and TO4 tetrahedra via common O atoms. The layers consist of two types of 4-membered rings; this topology has previously been observed in the structures of several actinyl compounds that crystallize in tetragonal or orthorhombic space groups. Violation of the higher symmetry is caused by tiltings of the TO4 tetrahedra, associated with displacement of bridging oxygen atoms from their ideal position induced by the formation of moderate hydrogen bonds with the organic cations.
Heterochromatin Position Effects on Circularized Sex Chromosomes Cause Filicidal Embryonic Lethality in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Ferree Patrick M , Gomez Karina , Rominger Peter , Howard Dagnie , Kornfeld Hannah , Barbash Daniel A 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Some circularized X-Y chromosomes in Drosophila melanogaster are mitotically unstable and induce early embryonic lethality, but the genetic basis is unknown. Our experiments suggest that a large region of X-linked satellite DNA causes anaphase bridges and lethality when placed into a new heterochromatic environment within certain circularized X-Y chromosomes. These results reveal that repetitive sequences can be incompatible with one another in cis. The lethal phenotype also bears a remarkable resemblance to a case of interspecific hybrid lethality.