bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurements of total and regional body composition in preschool children: A comparison of MRI, DXA, and anthropometric data
Authors: Karlsson Ann‐Katrine , Kullberg Joel , Stokland Eira , Allvin Kerstin , Gronowitz Eva , Svensson Pär‐Arne , Dahlgren Jovanna 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjective:There are clear sex differences in the distribution of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in adults, with males having more VAT and less SAT than females. This study assessed whether these differences between the sexes were already present in preschool children. It also evaluated which measures of body composition were most appropriate for assessing abdominal obesity in this age group.Design and Methods:One‐hundred and five children (57 boys and 48 girls) participated in the study. Body composition was measured using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA). Weight, height, and waist circumference (WC) were also recorded. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the entire abdomen using sixteen 10‐mm‐thick T1‐weighted slices was performed in a subgroup of 48 children (30 boys and 18 girls); SAT and VAT volumes were measured using semiautomated segmentation.Results:Boys had significantly more VAT than girls (0.17 versus 0.10 l, P < 0.001). Results showed that VAT correlated significantly with all measurements of anthropometry (P < 0.01) after adjusting for SAT and for total fat mass measured with DXA. The mean limits of agreement between DXA and MRI regarding truncal FM were calculated to be −11.4 (range −17.8 to −3.6), using a Bland–Altman plot.Conclusion:Sex differences in adipose tissue distribution are apparent at an early age. MRI is the best method with which to study abdominal fat distribution in young children.
Postnatal outcome of congenital anomalies in low resource setting
Authors: Kumar Manisha , Sharma Sumedha , Bhagat Manisha , Gupta Usha , Anand Rama , Puri Archana , Singh Anuradha , Singh Abha 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the postnatal outcome of congenital malformations in a tertiary care hospital of India.Material and methodsThis was a prospective study of all women with prenatally detected major congenital malformations. Postnatal follow‐up of live born babies was carried out for 1 year.ResultsThere were 574 cases with major congenital anomalies, 523 of which were fully followed. Only 69 women (13.6%) had the initial scan before 20 weeks of gestation. Craniospinal defects were the most common (42.7%), followed by genitourinary anomalies (28%). There was no live birth in cases such as anencephaly, iniencephaly, bilateral renal agenesis, gastroschisis, and cystic hygroma. Survival at 1 year was less than 25% in spina bifida, bilateral cystic kidneys, complex cardiac disease, and non‐immune hydrops fetalis. In cases with mild hydrocephalus or unilateral and mild renal disease, the survival was over 75%.ConclusionIn India, the majority of congenital anomalies present late in gestation. Although fetal outcome is invariably poor for severe defects, existing legislation in the country leaves pregnancy continuation as the only option. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fabrication and characterization of biodegradable polymer scaffolds adapting microfibrillar composite concept
Authors: Simeonova S. , Evstatiev M. , Li W. , Burkhart T. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIn this work, we report on a technique for manufacturing of polymer scaffolds free from contact with toxic solvents. The method is adapted from the modified microfibrillar reinforced composites (MFC) concept. The objects of the investigation were biodegradable poly (l‐lactide) (PLLA) and biocompatible poly (ethylene‐vinyl alcohol copolymer) (EVAL). The polymers were melt blended and thereafter cold drawn, so that both of the components were converted in fibrillar state. After selective dissolving of the EVAL from the drawn bristles with mixture of propanol and water, the individual PLLA fibrils were isolated. By means of freeze‐drying, ultrafine fibrous scaffolds were obtained. All materials under investigation were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimeter, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy analysis. The experimental results provide evidence for the changes of the supra molecular organization of the blend partners during MFC manufacturing process, for the nanostructure and microstructure of the PLLA fibrils as well as for the three‐dimensional architecture of the scaffolds. The in vitro studies show that the incubated in the presence of PLLA fibrils media does not reduce the cell viability and proliferative activity of the cultured cells. This kind of multiscale scaffolds might emulate the morphology of the natural extracellular matrix and represent an appropriate material for medical application. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 1298–1310
Singular vectors and their nonlinear evolution during the January 2009 stratospheric sudden warming
Authors: Coy Lawrence , Reynolds Carolyn A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe evolution and structure of stratospheric singular vectors (SVs) during the major stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) of January 2009 are investigated. SV analyses, optimized for growth at stratospheric levels over 72 h, were examined for selected dates before and during the SSW. It was found that the initial and final SV fields have larger horizontal structures during the SSW event than before the SSW event. A high‐altitude forecast model was initialized with perturbations taken from the initial time SV structures and integrated for 144 h to study growth and nonlinear changes in a highly disturbed polar vortex. When large‐amplitude initial SV perturbations were forecast during the SSW, large changes occurred in the descent of the SSW event and poleward focusing of the Eliassen–Palm fluxes. Examination of the development of SV analysis suggests that stratospheric SV growth occurs through wave‐action conservation as initial SV perturbations propagate into the polar vortex jet.
A two‐dimensional mixed finite‐element pair on rectangles
Authors: Melvin Thomas , Staniforth Andrew , Cotter Colin 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMixed finite‐element discretizations provide a promising method for extending highly desirable C‐grid properties to high order on quasi‐uniform horizontal grids. For the degree 1 Raviart–Thomas–quadrilateral (RT1–Q1) finite‐element discretization of the one‐dimensional linear gravity‐wave equations, it has recently been shown that the group velocity goes to zero for waves with wavelength close to or equal to twice the element width, but that this problem can be addressed by partially lumping mass matrices. As an essential stepping stone to generalization to the two‐dimensional linear shallow‐water equations, recent analysis is extended herein to the one‐dimensional linear shallow‐water equations. It is found that the previous two‐parameter partial mass lumping no longer, in general, addresses the dispersion problem; in particular, and surprisingly, there is an unanticipated spectral gap for the asymptotic limit of pure inertial oscillations. Fortunately, the ensuing dispersion problems can be addressed by deducing an additional constraint on parameter values. This is most easily obtained by ensuring removal of the spectral gap for pure inertial oscillations and leads to the original (generally) asymmetric two‐parameter partial mass lumping reducing to a symmetric single‐parameter one.The resulting modified RT1–Q1 discretization is then extended to two dimensions by taking a tensor product on rectangles. Using numerical simulations of the linear Rossby adjustment problem, it is confirmed that problematic group velocity modes also exist for the unmodified scheme in two dimensions but that they can again be removed by symmetric single‐parameter partial mass lumping. Crucially, not only does this modification lead to accurate Rossby adjustment but it also preserves the desirable properties of the unmodified RT1–Q1 scheme.
Identification of Hepatoma‐Derived Growth Factor as a Potential Prognostic and Diagnostic Marker for Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Han Yuxia , Zhang Wenxia , Liu Yanfeng 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundHepatoma‐derived growth factor (HDGF) has been reported to play a pivotal role in the development and progression of several tumors. The aim of the present study was to analyze whether HDGF is a potential prognostic and diagnostic marker for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (EHCC).MethodsThe immunostaining of HDGF was analyzed by immunohistochemistry for 65 pathologically confirmed EHCC, and its correlation with clinicopathologic factors and prognosis was investigated. Meanwhile, to evaluate the diagnostic value of HDGF, an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to measure HDGF levels in the serum samples of 83 EHCC patients and 51 healthy controls.ResultsPositive expression of HDGF was detected in 30 (46.2 %) patients with EHCC and correlated with poor tumor differentiation (P = 0.024). Univariate analysis showed that the positive HDGF expression group had a significantly poorer survival rate than the negative HDGF expression group did (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that HDGF expression and N stage were independent prognostic factors. The mean serum HDGF level in EHCC patients was 2.39‐fold higher than that in healthy controls (P = 0.002). The optimal cut‐off value for HDGF was 122.15 pg/mL, providing a sensitivity of 66.27 % and a specificity of 88.24 %. The area under the curve (AUC) of HDGF was 0.807 (95 % confidence interval 0.730–0.870), demonstrating that HDGF was a potential biomarker for EHCC.ConclusionsHDGF was a valuable independent prognostic factor after curative resection in EHCC, and it provided an important basis for screening/treating high‐risk patients. Meanwhile, our study indicated that serum HDGF levels can be used as a noninvasive and potential diagnostic marker for EHCC.
Use of Imatinib in the Prevention of Heterotopic Ossification
Authors: Werner Clément M. L. , Zimmermann Stefan M. , Würgler-Hauri Carola C. , Lane Joseph M. , Wanner Guido A. , Simmen Hans-Peter 
Published: June 2013

Background Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a common complication following orthopedic and trauma surgery, which may have substantial negative effects on the postoperative outcome. Angiogenesis appears to play a critical role in heterotopic ossification. One of the involved signaling molecules is platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) which may be inhibited by imatinib. Questions/Purposes Our goal was to prevent HO by pharmacologically interfering with the molecular signaling pathways involved in the developmental process. We hypothesized that by administering a proven inhibitor of PDGF expression, heterotopic bone formation may be prevented. Methods The effect of imatinib on HO formation was studied in a murine model which reliably produces islets of HO within the soft tissue following Achilles tenotomy. The control group underwent Achilles tenotomy only. The imatinib group received imatinib mesylate. After trial completion, the limbs were harvested and scanned by micro-CT. Heterotopic bone volume was then identified and quantified. Results The mean volume of heterotopic bone formed in the control group was 0.976mm3 compared to 0.221 mm3 in the imatinib group. The volume of HO in the treatment group was reduced by 85% compared to the control group. Conclusions The administration of imatinib was associated with a significantly reduced volume of HO. This may be due to the inhibitory effect of imatinib on the PDGF signaling pathway during development of HO. Clinical Relevance The successful reduction of HO formation following imatinib administration has led to further insight concerning the pathogenesis of HO which in the future may lead to new clinical approaches towards the prevention of HO.
Anterior Glenoid Perforation with Suture Anchor Causing Subscapularis Irritation and Pain
Authors: Marx Robert G. , Verkuil Lana , Wilson Sean , Foo Li Foong 
Published: June 2013

Background Suture anchors for labral repair have been associated with complications including suprascapular notch encroachment and osteolysis. Case Description We present a case of suture anchor penetration of the anterior glenoid neck leading to pain secondary to subscapularis muscle irritation in a 14-year-old boy. The patient had labral repair and subsequent anterior shoulder pain which resolved after anchor removal. Literature Review Chondrolysis of the glenohumeral joint has been described following labral repair with knotless anchors. There have also been cases of injury to the suprascapular nerve following labral repair. However, we are not aware of any reports describing suture anchor penetration of the anterior glenoid neck leading to pain secondary to subscapularis muscle irritation. Purposes and Clinical Relevance Labral repair has become a common and routine procedure, but complications can occur. We report a new complication related to osseous penetration of the anterior glenoid neck of the scapula by a suture anchor. We identified the complication using magnetic resonance imaging, an important part in reproducible, noninvasive, and objective assessment of the postoperative shoulder. We also present the technique for anchor removal used to resolve the patient's anterior shoulder pain.
Radiographic Subsidence in Asymptomatic Patients after THR Using the Furlong Active HAP Stem
Authors: Cordero-Ampuero José , Peñalver Pablo , Antón Rodrigo , Galán María , Cordero Enrique 
Published: June 2013

Background The short, tapered, collarless Furlong Active stem has been recently associated in the published literature with significant subsidence using Roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis. Questions/Purposes The purpose of this study was to analyze the short-term radiographic subsidence in Furlong Active HAP stems and correlate the results with the age, gender, bone morphology, and bone quality of the proximal femur, stem diameter, and medullary canal filling. Methods Sixty-five consecutive patients (70 hips) receiving the Furlong Active HAP stems were enrolled in this prospective series. The average follow-up was 2.99 ± 1.38 years. All patients were evaluated clinically using the Harris Hip Score (HHS) and radiographically for femoral stem subsidence. In addition, proximal femoral osteopenia, proximal femur morphology, and medullary canal filling were also evaluated. Results The average subsidence was 2.4 mm (from 0 to 13 mm) at the end of the follow-up period. The average HHS score at the end of follow-up was 90 (range, 81–98). There was one intraoperative fracture. Conclusions Of the Furlong Active stems 61% subsided with initial weight bearing. Subsidence is higher in males, but no correlation has been found with age, stem diameter, morphology, osteopenia, or canal filling.
An exploratory study into the impact and acceptability of formatively used progress
testing in postgraduate obstetrics and gynaecology
Authors: Dijksterhuis Marja G. K. , Schuwirth Lambert W. T. , Braat Didi D. M. , Scheele Fedde 
Published: June 2013

Part of recent reforms of postgraduate medical training in the Netherlands is the
introduction of formatively intended knowledge testing or progress testing. We
previously evaluated the construct validity and reliability of postgraduate progress
testing. However, when assessment is intended to be formative, the acceptability of the
test (scores) and the educational impact that is achieved are at least as important in
the utility of this assessment format. We developed a questionnaire targeted at both
educational supervisors and postgraduate trainees, containing questions on general
acceptability, educational impact and acceptability of test content. 90 % of trainees
and 84 % of educational supervisors completed the questionnaire. The general
acceptability of formatively used progress testing is good; however, the self-reported
educational impact is limited. Furthermore, trainees query the validity of test content.
Formatively intended progress testing is well accepted; however the impact is limited.
We discuss the importance of feedback quality and the effect of grading. Furthermore we
start a debate on whether, for a genuine effect on learning, formative assessment should
have consequences, either by entwining the assessment with the training programme or by
linking the assessment to a summative standard.
Non‐invasive prenatal diagnosis from the perspective of a low‐resource country
Authors: Ventura Walter , Nazario‐Redondo Conny , Sekizawa Akihiko 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCurrent clinical practice in obstetrics has shifted the paradigm from a conventional prenatal approach based on invasive procedures, risking both fetus and mother, to non‐invasive prenatal testing for some fetal conditions via the analysis of cell‐free fetal DNA in maternal blood. In the past 15 years, much research has been devoted to refining the methodology for measuring cell‐free fetal DNA in maternal circulation and to exploring clinical applications of this technology as a potential tool for prenatal diagnosis. Since the rapid spread around the world of prenatal diagnosis based on cell‐free fetal DNA, it is time to start thinking how this cutting‐edge technology might influence current practice of obstetrics in low‐resource countries.
Class Cohesion and Trade-Union Internationalism: Fred Bramley, the British TUC, and the Anglo-Russian Advisory Council
Authors: Morgan Kevin 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA prevailing image of the British trade-union movement is that it was insular and slow-moving. The Anglo-Russian Advisory Council of the mid-1920s is an episode apparently difficult to reconcile with this view. In the absence to date of any fully adequate explanation of its gestation, this article approaches the issue biographically, through the TUC's first full-time secretary, Fred Bramley (1874–1925). Themes emerging strongly from Bramley's longer history as a labour activist are, first, a pronouncedly latitudinarian conception of the Labour movement and, second, a forthright labour internationalism deeply rooted in Bramley's trade-union experience. In combining these commitments in the form of an inclusive trade-union internationalism, Bramley in 1924–1925 had the indispensable support of the TUC chairman, A.A. Purcell who, like him, was a former organizer in the small but militantly internationalist Furnishing Trades’ Association. With Bramley's early death and Purcell's marginalization, the Anglo-Russian Committee was to remain a largely anomalous episode in the interwar history of the TUC.
Realising Ainu indigenous rights: a commentary on Hiroshi Maruyama's ‘Japan's post-war Ainu policy. Why the Japanese Government has not recognised Ainu indigenous rights?’
Authors: Nakamura Naohiro 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThis commentary reviews Maruyama's article ‘Japan's post-war Ainu policy: why the Japanese Government has not recognised Ainu indigenous rights?’ (Maruyama 2013a), published in this journal. Maruyama criticises the government for its reluctance to enact a new Ainu law to guarantee indigenous rights, even after Japan's ratification of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP). However, in actuality, the government is searching for the foundation of new Ainu policies in the existing legal frameworks and trying to guarantee some elements of indigenous rights. Japan's case suggests the possibility of realising indigenous rights without the enactment of a specific law.
Are Chinese Universities Globally Competitive?
Authors: Mohrman Kathryn 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis article compares five leading Chinese universities with 16 other research-intensive institutions in Asia, Europe and the United States. All the universities demonstrate an increasing commitment to research, although the fastest growth between 2003 and 2007 occurred in Asian institutions. Beijing and Qinghua universities compare favourably in terms of funding, but their research output is not as highly regarded. Despite concerns about academic freedom, the international standing of at least some Chinese universities is likely to rise in the future.
Health and Disability as Determinants for Involuntary Retirement of People with Disabilities
Authors: Denton Margaret , Plenderleith Jennifer , Chowhan James 
Published: June 2013

RÉSUMÉL’association des facteurs de la santé et de l’invalidité sur la perception de la retraite involontaire au Canada a été étudiée en utilisant une analyse de regression logistique multivariée des données de l’Enquête sur la participation et les limitations d’activités de 2006. L’étude a examiné le rôle que le choix ou le contrôle joue dans la décision de prendre sa retraite. Les participants à l’étude étaient des adultes âgés de 45–74, personnes handicapées, qui ont pris leur retraite au cours de la période 2001–2006. L’analyse a révelée que la santé au moment de la retraite n’a pas été significativement associé à la perception de la retraite involontaire, alors que les caractéristiques des personnes handicapées ont été fortement associés au type de la retraite lorsque les caractéristiques de santé et d’autres ont été contrôlés. En outre, les personnes handicapées qui ont dû se retirer définitivement en raison de leur état étaient huit fois plus susceptibles de prendre leur retraite involontairement que ceux dont les conditions n’ont pas forcé la retraite involontaire, ce qui suggère l’importance que le contrôle exerce sur la perception de la retraite involontaire.
Elements for the history of a long quest: search for life in the Universe
Authors: Briot Danielle 
Published: June 2013

AbstractOn the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Drake formula, it appears timely to briefly review the history of Astrobiology from the origins up to the epoch of the Drake formula. After reminding the main steps of this history during Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and the Renaissance, we point out some little known or unknown studies published during the Modern and Contemporary epochs. Then we review the importance of Astrobiology and the search for life in the Universe in scientific publications during the 20th century.
STRONG COMPLETENESS OF S4 FOR ANY DENSE-IN-ITSELF METRIC SPACE
Authors: KREMER PHILIP 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn the topological semantics for modal logic, S4 is well-known to be complete for the rational line, for the real line, and for Cantor space: these are special cases of S4’s completeness for any dense-in-itself metric space. The construction used to prove completeness can be slightly amended to show that S4 is not only complete, but also strongly complete, for the rational line. But no similarly easy amendment is available for the real line or for Cantor space and the question of strong completeness for these spaces has remained open, together with the more general question of strong completeness for any dense-in-itself metric space. In this paper, we prove that S4 is strongly complete for any dense-in-itself metric space.