bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decision aids for localized prostate cancer treatment choice: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Violette Philippe D. , Agoritsas Thomas , Alexander Paul , Riikonen Jarno , Santti Henrikki , Agarwal Arnav , Bhatnagar Neera , Dahm Philipp , Montori Victor , Guyatt Gordon H. , Tikkinen Kari A. O. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPatients who are diagnosed with localized prostate cancer need to make critical treatment decisions that are sensitive to their values and preferences. The role of decision aids in facilitating these decisions is unknown. The authors conducted a systematic review of randomized trials of decision aids for localized prostate cancer. Teams of 2 reviewers independently identified, selected, and abstracted data from 14 eligible trials (n = 3377 men), of which 10 were conducted in North America. Of these, 11 trials compared decision aids with usual care, and 3 trials compared decision aids with other decision aids. Two trials suggested a modest positive impact on decisional regret. Results across studies varied widely for decisional conflict (4 studies), satisfaction with decision (2 studies), and knowledge (2 studies). No impact on treatment choices was observed (6 studies). In conclusion, scant evidence at high risk of bias suggests the variable impact of existing decision aids on a limited set of decisional processes and outcomes. Because current decision aids provide information but do not directly facilitate shared decision making, subsequent efforts would benefit from user‐centered design of decision aids that promote shared decision making. CA Cancer J Clin 2015;65: 239–251. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Note sul manoscritto [Vat. lat. 5991] di cui si è servito Giovanni Andrea Bussi per l'edizione di Plinio del 1470
Authors: Marucchi Adriana 
Published: March 2015

L'édition de l'Historia naturalis de Pline l'Ancien par Giovanni Andrea Bassi (Rome, Sweynheim et Pannartz, 1470) a été préparée en deux étapes : le manuscrit Rome, Bibl. Angelica 1097 a servi pour une première correction, mais le texte une fois corrigé a été recopié en deux volumes : le premier volume n'a pas été retrouvé, mais le second (livres 18-37) est conservé à la Bibliothèque Vaticane sous la cote Vat. lat. 5991.
Ces deux manuscrits portent de nombreuses corrections de Giovanni Andrea Bussi, qui a aussi transcrit les manuscrits Vat. lat. 5219 (Suasoriae et Controversiae de Sénèque le Rhéteur), Vat. lat. 11469 (Plaute) et Vat. lat. 1958 (Tacite) et possédé le manuscrit Vat. lat. 1815. Malgré la souscription trompeuse, le manuscrit Vat. lat. 2049 n'a pas été écrit par G. A. Bussi et ne lui a jamais appartenu.
Les copistes de Jean Budé (1430-1502)
Authors: Garand Monique-Cécile 
Published: March 2015

Jean Budé, le père de Guillaume Budé, a rassemblé en vingt ans (de 1480 environ à sa mort en 1502) une importante bibliothèque comprenant surtout des manuscrits.
Nous connaissons environ soixante de ces manuscrits, conservés dans différents fonds, à Paris, en province et à l'étranger. Tous présentent des similitudes exceptionnelles de mise en page, de décoration ; les filigranes mêmes des papiers se retrouvent d'un volume à l'autre ; les écritures se répartissent entre six copistes bien reconnaissables, Jean Compère, Jean de Bailleul et quatre anonymes. Jean Budé a annoté ses manuscrits, les a munis de ses armes, des initiales « V. I. » qui lui sont propres et de son ex-libris, presque toujours daté. Ainsi l'examen comparé des renseignements codicologiques fournis par chaque volume permet-il de leur attribuer une origine commune — Paris — et des dates assez précises — entre 1480 et 1490.
Aerodynamics and pollen ultrastructure in Ephedra
Authors: Bolinder Kristina , Niklas Karl J. , Rydin Catarina 
Published: March 2015

• Premise of the study: Pollen dispersal is affected by the terminal settling velocity (Ut) of the grains, which is determined by their size, bulk density, and by atmospheric conditions. The likelihood that wind‐dispersed pollen is captured by ovulate organs is influenced by the aerodynamic environment created around and by ovulate organs. We investigated pollen ultrastructure and Ut of Ephedra foeminea (purported to be entomophilous), and simulated the capture efficiency of its ovules. Results were compared with those from previously studied anemophilous Ephedra species.• Methods: Ut was determined using stroboscopic photography of pollen in free fall. The acceleration field around an “average” ovule was calculated, and inflight behavior of pollen grains was predicted using computer simulations. Pollen morphology and ultrastructure were investigated using SEM and STEM.• Key results: Pollen wall ultrastructure was correlated with Ut in Ephedra. The relative proportion and amount of granules in the infratectum determine pollen bulk densities, and (together with overall size) determine Ut and thus dispersal capability. Computer simulations failed to reveal any functional traits favoring anemophilous pollen capture in E. foeminea.• Conclusion: The fast Ut and dense ultrastructure of E. foeminea pollen are consistent with functional traits that distinguish entomophilous species from anemophilous species. In anemophilous Ephedra species, ovulate organs create an aerodynamic microenvironment that directs airborne pollen to the pollination drops. In E. foeminea, no such microenvironment is created. Ephedroid palynomorphs from the Cretaceous share the ultrastructural characteristics of E. foeminea, and at least some may, therefore, have been produced by insect‐pollinated plants.
Expression of Coxsackievirus and Adenovirus Receptor Separates Hematopoietic and Cardiac Progenitor Cells in Fetal Liver Kinase 1-Expressing Mesoderm
Authors: Tashiro Katsuhisa , Hirata Nobue , Okada Atsumasa , Yamaguchi Tomoko , Takayama Kazuo , Mizuguchi Hiroyuki , Kawabata Kenji 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

In developing embryos or in vitro differentiation cultures using pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), such as embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, fetal liver kinase 1 (Flk1)-expressing mesodermal cells are thought to be a heterogeneous population that includes hematopoietic progenitors, endothelial progenitors, and cardiac progenitors. However, information on cell surface markers for separating these progenitors in Flk1+ cells is currently limited. In the present study, we show that distinct types of progenitor cells in Flk1+ cells could be separated according to the expression of coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR, also known as CXADR), a tight junction component molecule. We found that mouse and human PSC- and mouse embryo-derived Flk1+ cells could be subdivided into Flk1+CAR+ cells and Flk1+CAR− cells. The progenitor cells with cardiac potential were almost entirely restricted to Flk1+CAR+ cells, and Flk1+CAR− cells efficiently differentiated into hematopoietic cells. Endothelial differentiation potential was observed in both populations. Furthermore, from the expression of CAR, Flk1, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFRα), Flk1+ cells could be separated into three populations (Flk1+PDGFRα−CAR− cells, Flk1+PDGFRα−CAR+ cells, and Flk1+PDGFRα+CAR+ cells). Flk1+PDGFRα+ cells and Flk1+PDGFRα− cells have been reported as cardiac and hematopoietic progenitor cells, respectively. We identified a novel population (Flk1+PDGFRα−CAR+ cells) with the potential to differentiate into not only hematopoietic cells and endothelial cells but also cardiomyocytes. Our findings indicate that CAR would be a novel and prominent marker for separating PSC- and embryo-derived Flk1+ mesodermal cells with distinct differentiation potentials.

Significance
Flk1-expressing (Flk+) mesodermal cells are assumed to be a heterogeneous population that includes hematopoietic progenitors and cardiac progenitors. However, information on cell surface markers for separating the Flk1+ cell subsets is currently limited. This study shows that hematopoietic lineage cells and cardiac lineage cells of pluripotent stem cell- and mouse embryo-derived Flk1+ cells could be separated based on the expression of coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR), a tight junction component molecule. The results indicate that CAR is a novel and prominent cell surface marker for separating the Flk1+ cell subsets, and these differentiation methods based on the expression levels of CAR are expected to be instrumental in basic sciences and clinical studies.
Erratum to: Plaguicidas en México: usos, riesgos y marco regulatorio
Authors: Ortíz Irmene , Avila-Chávez Marco A. , Torres Luis G. 
Published: March 2015

Resumen
El presente documento describe la situación actual referente a la reglamentación de la producción, distribución, almacenamiento y uso de los plaguicidas en México. Se muestran datos de morbilidad como consecuencia del uso de estos productos como un referente de sus efectos sobre la salud humana, así como, los sitios en la República Mexicana en donde la incidencia es mayor. Adicionalmente, se presenta una revisión de la regulación nacional e internacional sobre plaguicidas, así como, las distintas dependencias gubernamentales, organizaciones civiles y centros de investigación involucrados en el tema en México. La información presentada sugiere que a pesar de las regulaciones y restricciones de uso de los plaguicidas, éstos pueden representar un grave problema de salud para los trabajadores y poblaciones expuestas, así como, de contaminación de suelos y aguas en México.
Extraordinary halocarbon emissions initiated by the 2011 Tohoku earthquake
Authors: Saito Takuya , Fang Xuekun , Stohl Andreas , Yokouchi Yoko , Zeng Jiye , Fukuyama Yukio , Mukai Hitoshi 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe Tohoku earthquake of 11 March 2011, with moment magnitude Mw = 9.0, and subsequent tsunami caused catastrophic structural damage in east Japan. Using high‐frequency atmospheric monitoring data, we show that emissions of halocarbons, potent greenhouse gases and stratospheric ozone‐depleting substances, dramatically increased shortly after the earthquake and that annual emissions were significantly higher in 2011 than in other years. We estimate that the sum of earthquake‐related emissions of the six studied halocarbon species (CFC‐11, HCFC‐22, HCFC‐141b, HFC‐134a, HFC‐32, and SF6) was 6.6 (5.2–8.0) Gg, which is equivalent to ozone depletion potential‐weighted emissions of 1.3 (1.1–1.6) Gg with a global warming potential equivalent to 19.2 (15.8–22.5) Tg of carbon dioxide. These extraordinary halocarbon emissions are likely due to destruction of building components containing halocarbons, such as air conditioners, foam insulation, and electrical equipment.
Global storm time depletion of the outer electron belt
Authors: Ukhorskiy A. Y. , Sitnov M. I. , Millan R. M. , Kress B. T. , Fennell J. F. , Claudepierre S. G. , Barnes R. J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe outer radiation belt consists of relativistic (>0.5 MeV) electrons trapped on closed trajectories around Earth where the magnetic field is nearly dipolar. During increased geomagnetic activity, electron intensities in the belt can vary by orders of magnitude at different spatial and temporal scales. The main phase of geomagnetic storms often produces deep depletions of electron intensities over broad regions of the outer belt. Previous studies identified three possible processes that can contribute to the main‐phase depletions: adiabatic inflation of electron drift orbits caused by the ring current growth, electron loss into the atmosphere, and electron escape through the magnetopause boundary. In this paper we investigate the relative importance of the adiabatic effect and magnetopause loss to the rapid depletion of the outer belt observed at the Van Allen Probes spacecraft during the main phase of 17 March 2013 storm. The intensities of >1 MeV electrons were depleted by more than an order of magnitude over the entire radial extent of the belt in less than 6 h after the sudden storm commencement. For the analysis we used three‐dimensional test particle simulations of global evolution of the outer belt in the Tsyganenko‐Sitnov (TS07D) magnetic field model with an inductive electric field. Comparison of the simulation results with electron measurements from the Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometer experiment shows that magnetopause loss accounts for most of the observed depletion at L>5, while at lower L shells the depletion is adiabatic. Both magnetopause loss and the adiabatic effect are controlled by the change in global configuration of the magnetic field due to storm time development of the ring current; a simulation of electron evolution without a ring current produces a much weaker depletion.
South Pacific circulation changes and their connection to the tropics and regional Antarctic warming in austral spring, 1979–2012
Authors: Clem Kyle R. , Fogt Ryan L. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAfter 1979, statistically significant warming in Antarctica is only observed in austral spring (September–November, SON) across West Antarctica and the Antarctic Peninsula. While previous work has linked this warming to reductions in sea ice cover, we note that a substantial (30–60%) portion of the warming is related to changes in the SON atmospheric circulation. In particular, western Antarctic Peninsula warming is consistent with increasing pressure in the South Atlantic, while western West Antarctica warming is tied to a deepening of the Amundsen Sea low near the eastern Ross Sea. While both of these circulation changes are associated with increased warm, northerly flow toward the Antarctic continent, they are connected with different aspects of tropical variability. The increase in pressure in the South Atlantic is associated with a trend toward more La Niña‐like conditions in the tropical Pacific, and an associated Rossby wave train. In contrast, the deepening of the Amundsen Sea low is more strongly tied to a shift in the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) toward its negative phase since the 1990s. Compared to typical La Niña events, the recent negative PDO events display a different tropical forcing, which drives a Rossby wave train that propagates more meridionally across the South Pacific, culminating in the eastern Ross Sea, rather than in the South Atlantic. The results suggest multiple independent forcing mechanisms governing the SON pressure trends and associated Antarctic Peninsula and West Antarctica warming after 1979, which partially cancel each other out in the Amundsen Sea and portions of eastern West Antarctica.
A rapid, economical, and accurate method to determining the physical risk of storm marine inundations using sedimentary evidence
Authors: Nott Jonathan F. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe majority of physical risk assessments from storm surge inundations are derived from synthetic time series generated from short climate records, which can often result in inaccuracies and are time‐consuming and expensive to develop. A new method is presented here for the wet tropics region of northeast Australia. It uses lidar‐generated topographic cross sections of beach ridge plains, which have been demonstrated to be deposited by marine inundations generated by tropical cyclones. Extreme value theory statistics are applied to data derived from the cross sections to generate return period plots for a given location. The results suggest that previous methods to estimate return periods using synthetic data sets have underestimated the magnitude/frequency relationship by at least an order of magnitude. The new method promises to be a more rapid, economical, and accurate assessment of the physical risk of these events.
Rheology of Mg2GeO4 olivine and spinel harzburgite: Implications for Earth's mantle transition zone
Authors: Shi F. , Zhang J. , Xia G. , Jin Z. , Green H. W. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractGeophysical modeling requires an upper mantle low‐viscosity zone (LVZ); recent results suggest that the LVZ could be within the mantle transition zone (MTZ) or above it, depending on boundary conditions. The rheology of the olivine‐dominated uppermost mantle is well constrained experimentally but not the MTZ. Here we report first‐time measurement of the rheology of Mg2GeO4 spinel (analogue of ringwoodite, the dominant mineral of the lower MTZ) in the dislocation creep regime and compare it with that of Mg2GeO4 olivine. In both cases, we incorporate 15–20% pyroxene, the second most abundant mineral in the upper mantle to provide a realistic comparison of rock rheologies. Under similar conditions, spinel‐dominated material is about twice as strong as olivine‐dominated material. Our results suggest that unless H2O weakening of ringwoodite or phase‐transformation‐induced grain size reduction occurs in the lower MTZ, it will be more viscous than above the 410 km discontinuity.
Intercomparison of satellite sensor land surface phenology and ground phenology in Europe
Authors: Rodriguez‐Galiano V. F. , Dash J. , Atkinson P. M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractLand surface phenology (LSP) and ground phenology (GP) are both important sources of information for monitoring terrestrial ecosystem responses to climate changes. Each measures different vegetation phenological stages and has different sources of uncertainties, which make comparison in absolute terms challenging, and therefore, there has been limited attempts to evaluate the complementary nature of both measures. However, both LSP and GP are climate driven and therefore should exhibit similar interannual variation. LSP obtained from the whole time series of Medium‐Resolution Imaging Spectrometer data was compared to thousands of deciduous tree ground phenology records of the Pan European Phenology network (PEP725). Correlations observed between the interannual time series of the satellite sensor estimates of phenology and PEP725 records revealed a close agreement (especially for Betula Pendula and Fagus Sylvatica species). In particular, 90% of the statistically significant correlations between LSP and GP were positive (mean R2 = 0.77). A large spatiotemporal correlation was observed between the dates of the start of season (end of season) from space and leaf unfolding (autumn coloring) at the ground (pseudo R2 of 0.70 (0.71)) through the application of nonlinear multivariate models, providing, for the first time, the ability to predict accurately the date of leaf unfolding (autumn coloring) across Europe (root‐mean‐square error of 5.97 days (6.75 days) over 365 days).
Arthrobacter
Authors: Busse Hans‐Jürgen , Wieser Monika , Buczolits Sandra 
Published: March 2015

Ar.thro.bac'ter. Gr. n.arthrona joint; N.L. masc. n.bactera rod; N.L. masc. n.Arthrobactera jointed rod.Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Micrococcales / Micrococcaceae / ArthrobacterThe majority of species exhibit a marked rod–coccus growth cycle when grown in complex media; stationary‐phase cultures (generally after 2–7 d) are composed entirely or largely of coccoid cells that are 0.6–1.0 µm in diameter; some species are showing only spherical cells throughout the growth cycle.Fatty acidsare predominantly iso‐ and anteiso‐branched withC15:0anteiso,C15:0iso,C17:0anteiso,and C16:0iso predominating. Few species exhibit significant amounts of C16:0.Quinone systemis composed ofcompletely unsaturated or mono‐saturated menaquinones with chain lengths of eight to ten isoprenoic units. Thecell‐wall peptidoglycan contains the diagnostic diamino acid lysinewith several variations in the interpeptide bridge conforming topeptidoglycan type A3αor A4α.DNA G+C content(mol%): 55–72.Type species:Arthrobacter globiformis(Conn 1928) Conn and Dimmick 1947, 301AL.
Pasteuria
Authors: Sayre Richard M. , Starr Mortimer P. , Dickson Donald W. , Preston James F. , Giblin‐Davis Robin M. , Noel Gregory R. , Ebert Dieter , Bird George W. 
Published: March 2015

Pas.teu'ri.a. N.L. gen. n.Pasteuriaof Pasteur, named after Louis Pasteur, French savant and scientist.Firmicutes / “Bacilli” / Bacillales / Pasteuriaceae / PasteuriaGram‐positive, endospore‐forming bacteria. Propagation following germination within a nematode or cladoceran host proceeds through the formation of rounded to elliptical (termed “cauliflower‐like” by Metchnikoff, 1888) vegetative microcolonies from which “daughter” microcolonies may be formed. The sporogenous cells at the periphery of the colonies are usually attached by narrow “sacrificial” intercalary hyphae that lyse, resulting in developing sporangia arranged in clumps of eight or more, but more often in quartets, triplets, or doublets and, finally, as single teardrop‐shaped or cup‐shaped or rhomboidal mature sporangia. The rounded end of the sporangium encloses a single refractile endospore (1.0–3.0 µm in major dimension), an oblate spheroid, ellipsoidal or almost spherical in shape, usually resistant to desiccation and elevated temperatures (one species has somewhat limited heat tolerance). Nonmotile. Sporangia and microcolonies are endoparasitic in the bodies of freshwater, plant, and soil invertebrates. Axenic cultivation has not been documented, but it can be grown in the laboratory with its invertebrate host. The pathogen is horizontally transmitted via soil or waterborne spores. Infected hosts fail to reproduce.DNA G+C content(mol%): not known.Type species:Pasteuria ramosaMetchnikoff 1888, 166AL.
Aminopalladation‐Triggered Carbene Insertion Reaction: Synthesis of 2‐(1H‐Indol‐3‐yl)acetates
Authors: Hu Ziwei , Luo Shuang , Zhu Qiang 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe first example of a nucleopalladation‐triggered carbene insertion reaction for the synthesis of C‐3 alkylated indole derivatives from ortho‐alkynyltrifluoroacetanilides and α‐diazoacetates is presented; it involves a palladium catalyst and a weak base in the open air. Yields range from 49–88% with excellent functional group tolerance. The reaction proceeds through intramolecular aminopalladation of alkynes followed by carbene insertion. Migratory insertion of the carbene into the σ‐indolylpalladium intermediate was favored over NH insertion.magnified image
Organoselenium‐Catalyzed Baeyer–Villiger Oxidation of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones by Hydrogen Peroxide to Access Vinyl Esters
Authors: Zhang Xu , Ye Jianqing , Yu Lei , Shi Xinkang , Zhang Ming , Xu Qing , Lautens Mark 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBy carefully screening the organoselenium pre‐catalysts and optimizing the reaction conditions, simple dibenzyl diselenide was found to be the best pre‐catalyst for Baeyer–Villiger oxidation of (E)‐α,β‐unsaturated ketones with the green oxidant hydrogen peroxide at room temperature. The organoselenium catalyst used in this reaction could be recycled and reused several times. This new method was suitable not only for methyl unsaturated ketones, but also for alkyl and aryl unsaturated ketones. Therefore, it provided a direct, mild, practical, highly functional group‐tolerant process for the chemoselective preparation of the versatile (E)‐vinyl esters from the readily available (E)‐α,β‐unsaturated ketones. A possible mechanism was also proposed to rationalize the activity of the organoselenium catalyst in the presence of hydrogen peroxide in this Baeyer–Villiger oxidation reaction.magnified image
Falling‐Solid Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis: An Efficient Preparation of Arylacetylenes
Authors: Wentrup Curt , Becker Jürgen , Winter Hans‐Wilhelm 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAutomated falling‐solid flash vacuum pyrolysis allows the rapid and efficient synthesis of a variety of arylacetylenes from 4‐arylmethylidene‐5(4H)‐isoxazolone derivatives, which were prepared from aldehyde precursors. The acetylenes are readily obtained in multigram quantities.