bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Effective Program Design to Support Older Workers With Intellectual Disability to Participate Individually in Community Groups
Authors: Bigby Christine , Wilson Nathan J. , Stancliffe Roger J. , Balandin Susan , Craig Diane , Gambin Nicolette 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe foreshadowed increase of older people with intellectual disability has become a reality in many developed countries. As these adults age, improved quality of life can be achieved through applications of conjoint policy aims of inclusion and participation. A transition‐to‐retirement (TTR) program developed for employees of a large multisite disability employment service in Sydney, Australia, used these aims to effect successful partial retirement. The authors describe the program logic of the TTR, detailing its conceptual components as the first step to enabling it to be tested and replicated in other settings. The TTR program has three components: promoting the concept of retirement, laying the groundwork for inclusion of would‐be retirees with intellectual disability in the community, and constructing the reality. The third component comprised five stages: planning, locating a group, mapping new routine, recruiting and training mentors, and monitoring and ongoing support. The project's participants were 24 older employees, who replaced 1 day a week of work with membership of a community group and were supported by mentors who facilitated involvement of the participants in their group. Data collected provided information on the implementation of the program, the time and costs expended, and challenges encountered. Key to the model was a coordinator, skilled in generic case management and specific disability interventions (such as active support), who collaborated with others to manage the program. The authors note that by detailing the program logic underpinning the TTR program, they have exposed the hidden work of supporting meaningful inclusion of people with intellectual disability in community groups and added to the limited stock of evidence‐informed programs in this area.
Hibernation phenology ofMyotis lucifugus
Authors: Norquay K. J. O. , Willis C. K. R. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractHibernating animals must time immergence and emergence carefully to maximize reproductive success and reduce the risk of encountering inclement weather or predators. Few studies of phenology exist for any hibernating species and those that do address species which mate during spring. We used passive transponders (PITtags) to study hibernation phenology of little brown batsMyotis lucifugus, a species that mates prior to hibernation in the fall. We expected that adult females would emerge earliest as early parturition increases juvenile survival. We predicted that females with large fat stores should emerge earliest because of their ability to tolerate inclement spring weather at the maternity roost. We also predicted that adult males would remain active later than females to maximize mating opportunities and compensate for body mass decline during the mating period. We implanted 475 bats withPITtags and remotely recorded immergence and emergence timing at a hibernaculum in centralCanada. As expected, adult males were active significantly later (median immergence date = 16September 2011) than adult females (11September 2011) and adult females emerged earlier (median emergence date = 6May 2012) than both adult males (25May 2012) and subadults (13May 2012). Emergence timing was correlated with fall body condition in adult females, with fatter females emerging earlier, but not males. Our results highlight the importance of reproductive timing as an influence on hibernation phenology of mammals.
Individual variation in amphibian metabolic rates during overwintering: implications for a warming world
Authors: Kristín P. , Gvoždík L. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMetabolic rates (MRs) vary consistently among individuals within a population, providing raw material for natural selection. Although individual energy demands may play an increasingly important role for ectotherm survival under warmer and more variable winter conditions, whether individual variation in MRs persists during overwintering is virtually unknown. Here, we repeatedly measured MR in wintering Alpine newts Ichthyosaura alpestris to (1) confirm the consistent individual variation in this trait; (2) test whether the individual differences in MR affect body mass loss during overwintering. The individual identity of newts explained 72% of variation in mass‐and‐activity‐corrected MR. Newts with a high MR lost a higher proportion of their initial body mass than individuals with lower metabolic demands. We conclude that the consistent individual variation in MR during overwintering is an important predictor of spring body condition in newts. This provides a new perspective on intraindividual variation in MRs as a mediator of winter climate change on the dynamics of ectotherm populations.
The effect of K101 Nail Solution on Trichophyton rubrum and Candida albicans growth and ultrastructure
Authors: Hultenby Kjell , Chryssanthou Erja , Klingspor Lena , Rensfeldt Kjell , Strömbeck Louise , Faergemann Jan 
Published: June 2014

SummaryK101 Nail Solution (trademarks Emtrix®, Nalox™, Naloc™) is a combination of propylene glycol, urea and lactic acid in a topical formulation for the treatment of nails affected by onychomycosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the Minimal Cidal Concentration (MCC) of K101 Nail Solution against Trichophyton rubrum and Candida albicans as well as the effect of K101 Nail Solution on the micromorphology of these fungi. The MCC of K101 Nail Solution against T. rubrum and C. albicans was 50% after 60‐min exposure time. A MCC of 50% for K101 Nail Solution means that K101 Nail Solution diluted with e.g. water to 50% will totally kill the fungi tested. In the scanning electron microscope C. albicans cells, treated with 50% K101 Nail Solution, showed a shrunken surface. T. rubrum cells were severely damaged shown as collapse and degradation of the cells. In the transmission electron microscope most C. albicans cells, treated with 50% K101 Nail Solution exhibited destroyed organelles and many necrotic cells were found. The cell wall was clearly degraded and the contact between the cell wall and the inner membrane was punctured. In T. rubrum most cells were necrotic. Some cells were clearly collapsed and the content in the cytoplasm was degraded shown as small membrane vesicles and many big vacuoles. The cell wall was clearly degraded and the membrane was punctured. In conclusion, this in vitro study documents the efficacy of K101 Nail Solution against T. rubrum and C. albicans.
Immune responses in a mouse model of vitiligo with spontaneous epidermal de‐ and repigmentation
Authors: Eby Jonathan M. , Kang Hee‐Kap , Klarquist Jared , Chatterjee Shilpak , Mosenson Jeffrey A. , Nishimura Michael I. , Garrett‐Mayer Elizabeth , Longley B. Jack , Engelhard Victor H. , Mehrotra Shikhar , Le Poole I. Caroline 
Published: June 2014

SummaryTo generate a mouse model of spontaneous epidermal depigmentation, parental h3TA2 mice, expressing both a human‐derived, tyrosinase‐reactive T‐cell receptor on T cells and the matching HLA‐A2 transgene, were crossed to keratin 14‐promoter driven, stem cell factor transgenic (K14‐SCF) mice with intra‐epidermal melanocytes. In resulting Vitesse mice, spontaneous skin depigmentation precedes symmetrical and sharply demarcated patches of graying hair. Whereas the SCF transgene alone dictates a greater retinoic acid receptor‐related orphan receptor gamma (RORγt)+ T‐cell compartment, these cells displayed markedly increased IL‐17 expression within Vitesse mice. Similar to patient skin, regulatory T cells were less abundant compared with K14‐SCF mice, with the exception of gradually appearing patches of repigmenting skin. The subtle repigmentation observed likely reflects resilient melanocytes that coexist with skin‐infiltrating, melanocyte‐reactive T cells. Similar repigmenting lesions were found in a different TCR transgenic model of vitiligo developed on an SCF transgenic background, supporting a role for SCF in repigmentation.
Biochemical and clinical features of hereditary hyperprolinemia
Authors: Mitsubuchi Hiroshi , Nakamura Kimitoshi , Matsumoto Shirou , Endo Fumio 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThere are two classifications of hereditary hyperprolinemia: type I (HPI) and type II (HPII). Each type is caused by an autosomal recessive inborn error of the proline metabolic pathway. HPI is caused by an abnormality in the proline‐oxidizing enzyme (POX). HPII is caused by a deficiency of Δ‐1‐pyrroline‐5‐carboxylate (P5C) dehydrogenase (P5CDh). The clinical features of HPI are unclear. Nephropathy, uncontrolled seizures, mental retardation or schizophrenia have been reported in HPI, but a benign phenotype without neurological problems has also been reported. The clinical features of HPII are also unclear. In addition, the precise incidences of HPI and HPII are unknown. Only two cases of HPI and one case of HPII have been identified in Japan through a questionnaire survey and by a study of previous reports. This suggests that hyperprolinemia is a very rare disease in Japan, consistent with earlier reports in Western countries. The one case of HPII found in Japan was diagnosed in an individual with influenza‐associated encephalopathy. This suggests that HPII might reduce the threshold for convulsions, thereby increasing the sensitivity of individuals with influenza‐associated encephalopathy. The current study presents diagnostic criteria for HPI and HPII, based on plasma proline level, with or without measurements of urinary P5C. In the future, screening for HPI and HPII in healthy individuals, or patients with relatively common diseases such as developmental disabilities, epilepsy, schizophrenia or behavioral problems will be important.
Adverse Perinatal Outcomes Associated with Moderate or Severe Maternal Anaemia Based on Parity in Finland during 2006–10
Authors: Räisänen Sari , Kancherla Vijaya , Gissler Mika , Kramer Michael R. , Heinonen Seppo 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundAnaemia during pregnancy is an important public health problem. We investigated whether the association between maternal anaemia during pregnancy and adverse perinatal outcomes differed between nulliparous and multiparous women.MethodsA retrospective population‐based cohort study was conducted using data on all singleton births (n = 290 662) recorded in the Finnish Medical Birth Register during 2006–10. Maternal anaemia was defined as a maternal haemoglobin level of <100 g/L). Adverse perinatal outcomes that were examined included preterm delivery (<37 weeks), small‐for‐gestational age (SGA, <2 standard deviation), admission to neonatal intensive care, stillbirth, early neonatal death, and major congenital anomalies. An association between anaemia and adverse outcomes was assessed by logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe prevalence of anaemia during pregnancy was 2.5% among nulliparous women and 2.3% among multiparous women. Among nulliparous women, anaemia was not associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. Among multiparous women, anaemia was associated with preterm delivery (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.32, [95% CI 1.14, 1.53]), SGA (aOR 1.27, [95% CI 1.04, 1.55]), and admission to neonatal intensive care (aOR 1.23, [95% CI 1.10, 1.38]); there was a trend towards increased odds of major congenital anomalies (aOR 1.15, [95% CI 0.99, 1.34]).ConclusionsThese data underscore that maternal anaemia is associated with several adverse perinatal outcomes. This association was, however, confined to multiparous women. Future research should explore in detail the timing of anaemia in these associations.
Subcentimeter lung nodules stable for 2 years at LDCT: Long‐term follow‐up using volumetry
Authors: Shin Kyung Eun , Lee Kyung Soo , Yi Chin A. , Chung Myung Jin , Shin Myung‐Hee , Choi Yoon‐Ho 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackground and objectiveSubcentimeter nodules without change in size during long‐term follow‐up period (for minimum 2 years) are assumed as benign lesions. However, the 2‐year stability rule has not been fully verified so far and is still questionable. Thus, we aimed to retrospectively investigate long‐term follow‐up results for 2‐year stable subcentimeter nodules at screening low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT).MethodsA total of 635 subjects having had follow‐up LDCTs for the initial 2‐year screening period and additional 3 years thereafter and having had non‐calcified subcentimeter nodules were included. By using computed tomography (CT) nodule volumetry software, we measured interval changes in nodule volume.ResultsA total of 1107 subcentimeter nodules (1037 solid, 70 ground‐glass opacity nodules (GGNs)) were detected at baseline CT. Of 1037 solid nodules, 1032 showed no growth during the initial 2‐year and 5‐year follow‐up period. Fifty‐nine GGNs were stable for initial 2 years, but two (3.4%) were later proved as adenocarcinomas. Among five solid nodules that showed growth during the initial 2‐year follow‐up period, one (20%) proved to be an adenocarcinoma, whereas four (36.4%) of 11 GGNs that demonstrated growth were diagnosed as lung cancers.ConclusionsAll solid subcentimeter nodules having initial 2‐year stability at screening LDCT can be considered benign because none shows growth at further follow‐up CT. On the other hand, subcentimeter GGNs have more chance of growth than solid nodules and need further follow‐up CT for more than 2 years.
Reconciling Embodied and Distributional Accounts of Meaning in Language
Authors: Andrews Mark , Frank Stefan , Vigliocco Gabriella 
Published: June 2014

AbstractOver the past 15 years, there have been two increasingly popular approaches to the study of meaning in cognitive science. One, based on theories of embodied cognition, treats meaning as a simulation of perceptual and motor states. An alternative approach treats meaning as a consequence of the statistical distribution of words across spoken and written language. On the surface, these appear to be opposing scientific paradigms. In this review, we aim to show how recent cross‐disciplinary developments have done much to reconcile these two approaches. The foundation to these developments has been the recognition that intralinguistic distributional and sensory‐motor data are interdependent. We describe recent work in philosophy, psychology, cognitive neuroscience, and computational modeling that are all based on or consistent with this conclusion. We conclude by considering some possible directions for future research that arise as a consequence of these developments.
Co‐development of Manner and Path Concepts in Language, Action, and Eye‐Gaze Behavior
Authors: Lohan Katrin S. , Griffiths Sascha S. , Sciutti Alessandra , Partmann Tim C. , Rohlfing Katharina J. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn order for artificial intelligent systems to interact naturally with human users, they need to be able to learn from human instructions when actions should be imitated. Human tutoring will typically consist of action demonstrations accompanied by speech. In the following, the characteristics of human tutoring during action demonstration will be examined. A special focus will be put on the distinction between two kinds of motion events:path‐oriented actions andmanner‐oriented actions. Such a distinction is inspired by the literature pertaining to cognitive linguistics, which indicates that the human conceptual system can distinguish these two distinct types of motion. These two kinds of actions are described in language by morepath‐oriented or moremanner‐oriented utterances. Inpath‐oriented utterances, the source, trajectory, or goal is emphasized, whereas inmanner‐oriented utterances the medium, velocity, or means of motion are highlighted. We examined a video corpus of adult–child interactions comprised of three age groups of children—pre‐lexical, early lexical, and lexical—and two different tasks, one emphasizingmannermore strongly and one emphasizingpathmore strongly. We analyzed the language and motion of the caregiver and the gazing behavior of the child to highlight the differences between the tutoring and the acquisition of themannerandpathconcepts. The results suggest that age is an important factor in the development of these action categories. The analysis of this corpus has also been exploited to develop an intelligent robotic behavior—the tutoring spotter system—able to emulate children's behaviors in a tutoring situation, with the aim of evoking in human subjects a natural and effective behavior in teaching to a robot. The findings related to the development ofmannerandpathconcepts have been used to implement new effective feedback strategies in the tutoring spotter system, which should provide improvements in human–robot interaction.
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa CreBC Two-Component System Plays a Major Role in the Response to β-Lactams, Fitness, Biofilm Growth, and Global Regulation
Authors: Zamorano Laura , Moyà Bartolomé , Juan Carlos , Mulet Xavier , Blázquez Jesús , Oliver Antonio 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
is a ubiquitous versatile environmental microorganism with a remarkable ability to grow under diverse environmental conditions. Moreover,
P. aeruginosa
is responsible for life-threatening infections in immunocompromised and cystic fibrosis patients, as the extraordinary capacity of this pathogen to develop antimicrobial resistance dramatically limits our therapeutic arsenal. Its large genome carries an outstanding number of genes belonging to regulatory systems, including multiple two-component sensor-regulator systems that modulate the response to the different environmental stimuli. Here, we show that one of two systems, designated CreBC (carbon source responsive) and BlrAB (β-lactam resistance), might be of particular relevance. We first identified the stimuli triggering the activation of the CreBC system, which specifically responds to penicillin-binding protein 4 (PBP4) inhibition by certain β-lactam antibiotics. Second, through an analysis of a large comprehensive collection of mutants, we demonstrate an intricate interconnection between the CreBC system, the peptidoglycan recycling pathway, and the expression of the concerning chromosomal β-lactamase AmpC. Third, we show that the CreBC system, and particularly its effector inner membrane protein CreD, plays a major role in bacterial fitness and biofilm development, especially in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of β-lactams. Finally, global transcriptomics reveals broad regulatory functions of CreBC in basic physiological aspects, particularly anaerobic respiration, in both the presence and absence of antibiotics. Therefore, the CreBC system is envisaged as a potentially interesting target for improving the efficacy of β-lactams against
P. aeruginosa
infections.
Efficacy of Fosfomycin Compared to Vancomycin in Treatment of Implant-Associated Chronic Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Osteomyelitis in Rats
Authors: Poeppl Wolfgang , Lingscheid Tilman , Bernitzky Dominik , Schwarze Uwe Y. , Donath Oliver , Perkmann Thomas , Kozakowski Nicolas , Plasenzotti Roberto , Reznicek Gottfried , Burgmann Heinz 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

Fosfomycin monotherapy was compared to therapy with vancomycin for the treatment of implant-associated methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) osteomyelitis in an experimental rat model. The proximal tibiae were inoculated with 15 μl of a suspension containing 1 × 10
8
to 5 × 10
8
CFU/ml of a clinical isolate of MRSA with simultaneous insertion of a titanium wire. Four weeks later, treatment was started for 28 days with either 50 mg/kg of body weight vancomycin intraperitoneally twice daily (
n
= 11) or 75 mg/kg fosfomycin intraperitoneally once daily (
n
= 10). Eleven animals were left untreated. After treatment, quantitative cultures from bone were found to be positive for MRSA in all animals in the untreated group (median, 3.29 × 10
6
CFU/g of bone) and the vancomycin group (median, 3.03 × 10
5
CFU/g of bone). In the fosfomycin group, MRSA was detectable in 2 out of 10 (20%) animals (3.42 × 10
2
and 1.51 × 10
3
CFU/g of bone). Vancomycin was superior to the no-drug control (
P
= 0.002), and fosfomycin was superior to the no-drug control and vancomycin (
P
< 0.001). The cultures from the wires were positive in all untreated animals (median, 2.5 × 10
3
CFU/implant), in 10 animals in the vancomycin group (median, 1.15 × 10
3
CFU/implant), and negative in all animals in the fosfomycin group. Based on the bacterial counts from the implants, vancomycin was not superior to the no-drug control (
P
= 0.324), and fosfomycin was superior to the no-drug control and vancomycin (
P
< 0.001). No emergence of resistance was observed. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that fosfomycin monotherapy is highly effective for the treatment of experimental implant-associated MRSA osteomyelitis.
Identification and Characterization of Outer Membrane Vesicle-Associated Proteins in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium
Authors: Bai Jaewoo , Kim Seul I , Ryu Sangryeol , Yoon Hyunjin 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium is a primary cause of enteric diseases and has acquired a variety of virulence factors during its evolution into a pathogen. Secreted virulence factors interact with commensal flora and host cells and enable
Salmonella
to survive and thrive in hostile environments. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) released from many Gram-negative bacteria function as a mechanism for the secretion of complex mixtures, including virulence factors. We performed a proteomic analysis of OMVs that were isolated under standard laboratory and acidic minimal medium conditions and identified 14 OMV-associated proteins that were observed in the OMV fraction isolated only under the acidic minimal medium conditions, which reproduced the nutrient-deficient intracellular milieu. The inferred roles of these 14 proteins were diverse, including transporter, enzyme, and transcriptional regulator. The absence of these proteins influenced
Salmonella
survival inside murine macrophages. Eleven of these proteins were predicted to possess secretion signal sequences at their N termini, and three (HupA, GlnH, and PhoN) of the proteins were found to be translocated into the cytoplasm of host cells. The comparative proteomic profiling of OMVs performed in this study revealed different protein compositions in the OMVs isolated under the two different conditions, which indicates that the OMV cargo depends on the growth conditions and provides a deeper insight into how
Salmonella
utilizes OMVs to adapt to environmental changes.