bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feeding stimulants for larvae ofGraphium sarpedon nipponum(Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) fromCinnamomum camphora
Authors: Zhang Yong , Zhan Zhi-Hui , Tebayashi Shin-ichi , Kim Chul-Sa , Li Jing 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe feeding response of larvae of the swallowtail butterfly,Graphium sarpedon nipponum(Lepidoptera: Papilionidae), is elicited by a methanolic extract from camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora) leaves.Based on bioassay-guided fractionation, three compounds, isolated from the methanolic extract of fresh leaves of the camphor tree, were revealed to be involved in a multi-component system of feeding stimulants. Structures of these feeding stimulants were identified as sucrose, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid and quercetin 3-O-β-glucopyranoside by NMR and LC-MS.
Inhibitory Plasticity Permits the Recruitment of CA2 Pyramidal Neurons by CA3
Authors: Nasrallah Kaoutsar , Piskorowski Rebecca A. , Chevaleyre Vivien 
Published: July 2015

AbstractArea CA2 is emerging as an important region for hippocampal memory formation. However, how CA2 pyramidal neurons (PNs) are engaged by intrahippocampal inputs remains unclear. Excitatory transmission between CA3 and CA2 is strongly inhibited and is not plastic. We show in mice that different patterns of activity can in fact increase the excitatory drive between CA3 and CA2. We provide evidence that this effect is mediated by a long-term depression at inhibitory synapses (iLTD), as it is evoked by the same protocols and shares the same pharmacology. In addition, we show that the net excitatory drive of distal inputs is also increased after iLTD induction. The disinhibitory increase in excitatory drive is sufficient to allow CA3 inputs to evoke action potential firing in CA2 PNs. Thus, these data reveal that the output of CA2 PNs can be gated by the unique activity-dependent plasticity of inhibitory neurons in area CA2.
Molecular dynamics simulations of the two-way shape-memory effect in NiTi nanowires
Authors: Srinivasan Prashanth , Nicola Lucia , Thijsse Barend , Simone Angelo 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTShape memory alloys (SMAs) exist in different phases depending on temperature and stress level. Experimental evidence shows that SMAs oscillate between two shapes during thermal cycling. This phenomenon, known as two-way shape-memory effect, occurs due to a transformation between the austenitic phase and the martensitic phase. The two-way shape-memory behavior is studied here by molecular dynamics simulations in NiTi nanowires of different diameter to understand the effect of loading on the size-dependent behavior. Thermal cycling is performed while holding the system at zero stress and at a fixed compressive stress. At zero stress, the martensite structure formed on cooling depends on the wire diameter. However, when cooling is performed at a sufficiently large constant compressive stress, the formation of a single martensitic variant is observed for all diameters.
Liderazgo educativo en México
Authors: Parés Isabel 
Published: July 2015

El liderazgo educativo en México es una tema que estuvo olvidado, en cuanto a su estructura formal y desarrollo profesional, por muchas décadas y que finalmente, empieza a cobrar relevancia dentro del contexto de la última Reforma Educativa promulgada en febrero 2013 y que poco a poco, se ha ido implementando, bajo un clima contradictorio entre quienes la apoyan y algunos opositores que han presionado con acciones sociales pacíficas y no pacíficas, para que el gobierno suavice y/o erradique algunas de las medidas de la Reforma Educativa. En concreto, la función directiva vista desde la perspectiva de la Secretaría de Educación Pública, está vinculada al concepto de Gestión Escolar, pues es visto como un supervisor y administrador “moderno” de la educación. Sin embargo, México se encuentra en un proceso de profesionalización de la función directiva, con la finalidad de que directivos y supervisores escolares, sean agentes del cambio y la mejora de la calidad educativa del país.
O Recreador Mineiro (1845-1848): considerações sobre a transmissão de um discurso polifônico na imprensa mineira do século XIX
Authors: Fernandes Luciano De Oliveira 
Published: July 2015

Este estudo aborda aspectos polifônicos existentes no periódico literário O Recreador Mineiro (Ouro Preto/ 1845-1848) indicando o uso da literatura, através do jornalismo, como um instrumento de apropriação social dos discursos com vistas à difusão da doutrina liberal na imprensa mineira do século XIX.
O Movimento Modernista Verde, de Cataguases — MG
Authors: Sant’Ana Rivânia Maria Trotta 
Published: July 2015

Este trabalho faz um estudo de um movimento literário modernista, conhecido como Movimento Verde, criado em 1927 por um grupo de escritores muito jovens, em Cataguases, cidade da zona da mata mineira. Durante o movimento, esses jovens escritores criaram também uma revista literária e uma editora, ambas também denominadas Verde.
Reescrevendo Jesus: o Evangelho segundo Norman Mailer e Gore Vidal
Authors: Laranjeira Delzi Alves 
Published: July 2015

Em O Evangelho segundo o Filho, Norman Mailer reescreve os Evangelhos sob o ponto de vista de Jesus. Ao vivo do Calvário, de Gore Vidal, apresenta uma versão blasfema e subversiva da vida de Jesus nas entrelinhas do texto dos Atos dos Apóstolos. Ambos os romances contribuem para um questionamento de premissas cristãs.
Saber narrativo: proposta para uma leitura de Italo Calvino
Authors: Moreira Maria Elisa Rodrigues 
Published: July 2015

Este trabalho propõe uma reflexão sobre o saber narrativo e suas possíveis contribuições aos estudos literários, a partir de uma proposta de leitura da obra de Italo Calvino. Utilizando o hipertexto como referencial téorico-metodológico, percorre-se a obra do escritor em trajetos temáticos relativos a conceitos relevantes ao campo da literatura.
Crônica da casa assassinada: uma poética da finitude
Authors: Neta Maria Madalena Loredo 
Published: July 2015

Esta é uma leitura das imagens da finitude presentes em Crônica da casa assassinada, de Lúcio Cardoso, com o intuito de estabelecer os elementos constituintes de uma poética. São estudadas as imagens que expõem a decadência dos espaços e sujeitos nos quais o tempo inscreve a marca da transitoriedade.
Jekyll and Hyde: The monster as a metaphor
Authors: Guedes Rodrigo Silva 
Published: July 2015

This essay analyses the key elements associated to the monster metaphor in Robert Louis Stevenson’s Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, namely, menace, impurity, freedom, pleasure, and power, based on Noël Carroll’s elaborations. The aim is to study the use of this figure represented by Hyde in the context of a strictly morally oriented Victorian society.
O caminho enviesado: a vida re-apresentada em Grande sertão: veredas, de João Guimarães Rosa
Authors: Godinho Josué Borges de Araújo 
Published: July 2015

O trabalho discute questões da teoria da literatura ligadas à representação, ou mímesis, importante tema para os estudos literários. A mímesis é abordada em Grande sertão: veredas a partir da representação que Riobaldo faz de si ao contar suas vivências a seu interlocutor, o que o leva a uma catarse de si mesmo.
LOBO ANTUNES E OS ANTÍPODAS DO AVESSO DO MUNDO
Authors: Carvalho Maria Elvira Malaquias de 
Published: July 2015

Este artigo visa a designar o avesso do mundo como motivo recorrente no romance O esplendor de Portugal, do escritor português António Lobo Antunes. O texto aponta de que modo o avesso pode ser tomado como eixo das relações dialéticas entre colonizador e colonizado, brancos e negros tal como ocorrem na narrativa.
O TRAÇO, A LETRA E A BOSSA: ARTE E DIPLOMACIA EM CABRAL, ROSA E VINICIUS
Authors: Menezes Roniere 
Published: July 2015

Este ensaio estabelece diálogos entre o discurso artístico-literário dos escritoresdiplomatas João Cabral de Melo Neto, João Guimarães Rosa e Vinicius de Moraes e o discurso das modernidades tardias no Brasil. Os textos analisados, publicados em meados do século 20, voltam-se para os espaços periféricos e para o homem comum, seu saber, sua inventividade.
J. G. BALLARD’S INNER SPACE: THE JUXTAPOSITION OF TIME, SPACE AND BODY
Authors: Groppo Pedro 
Published: July 2015

The fiction of J. G. Ballard is unusually concerned with spaces, both internal and external. Influenced by Surrealism and Freudian psychoanalysis, Ballard’s texts explore the thin divide between mind and body. This analysis of the story “The terminal beach” illustrates well some of the concepts present throughout his fiction.
Dynamic occupancy models for explicit colonization processes
Authors: Broms Kristin M. , Hooten Mevin B. , Johnson Devin S. , Altwegg Res , Conquest Loveday L. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe dynamic, multi‐season occupancy model framework has become a popular tool for modeling open populations with occupancies that change over time through local colonizations and extinctions. However, few versions of the model relate these probabilities to the occupancies of neighboring sites or patches. We present a modeling framework that incorporates this information and is capable of describing a wide variety of spatiotemporal colonization and extinction processes. A key feature of the model is that it is based on a simple set of small‐scale rules describing how the process evolves. The result is a dynamic process that can account for complicated large‐scale features. In our model, a site is more likely to be colonized if more of its neighbors were previously occupied and if it provides more appealing environmental characteristics than its neighboring sites. Additionally, a site without occupied neighbors may also become colonized through the inclusion of a long‐distance dispersal process. Although similar model specifications have been developed for epidemiological applications, ours formally accounts for detectability using the well‐known occupancy modeling framework. After demonstrating the viability and potential of this new form of dynamic occupancy model in a simulation study, we use it to obtain inference for the ongoing Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis) invasion in South Africa. Our results suggest that the Common Myna continues to enlarge its distribution and its spread via short distance movement, rather than long‐distance dispersal. Overall, this new modeling framework provides a powerful tool for managers examining the drivers of colonization including short‐ vs. long‐distance dispersal, habitat quality, and distance from source populations.
Alveolar Bone Architecture: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Monje Alberto , Chan Hsun‐Liang , Galindo‐Moreno Pablo , Elnayef Basel , Suarez‐Lopez del Amo Fernando , Wang Feng , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: July 2015

Background: There is a need for studying bone characteristics systematically for a better understanding of planning (i.e., timing of placement and loading) and outcomes of implant therapy. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to evaluate alveolar bone microarchitecture and its modifiers.Methods: Two independent reviewers conducted electronic and manual literature searches in several databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register, for articles published up to February 2015 reporting alveolar bone microstructure. The random‐effect model was applied to calculate the weighted mean (WM) of total bone volume (TBV), which has a range from 0 to 1. TBV was stratified by anatomic locations, atrophic status, and types of specimens. Correlations between TBV and other bone‐related parameters were also analyzed.Results: A total of 800 articles were initially identified. After abstract/full‐text review, 24 articles were included in the systematic review, of which 23 were also included in the quantitative analysis. The WM TBV was 0.365 (95% confidence interval = 0.278 to 0.452), higher in the maxillary/mandibular anterior sites than the maxillary/mandibular posterior sites. However, great variations existed within each anatomic location. Additionally, WM TBV was lower in atrophic sites than non‐atrophic sites. TBV was correlated negatively with trabecular spacing (R2 = 0.11).Conclusions: The present systematic review suggests that the TBV might not be different between the defined anatomic locations. However, the atrophy status might influence TBV.
Health Care Providers’ Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Toward Lesbian Women and Gay Men
Authors: Sabin Janice A. , Riskind Rachel G. , Nosek Brian A. 
Published: July 2015

Objectives. We examined providers’ implicit and explicit attitudes toward lesbian and gay people by provider gender, sexual identity, and race/ethnicity. Methods. We examined attitudes toward heterosexual people versus lesbian and gay people in Implicit Association Test takers: 2338 medical doctors, 5379 nurses, 8531 mental health providers, 2735 other treatment providers, and 214 110 nonproviders in the United States and internationally between May 2006 and December 2012. We characterized the sample with descriptive statistics and calculated Cohen d, a standardized effect size measure, with 95% confidence intervals. Results. Among heterosexual providers, implicit preferences always favored heterosexual people over lesbian and gay people. Implicit preferences for heterosexual women were weaker than implicit preferences for heterosexual men. Heterosexual nurses held the strongest implicit preference for heterosexual men over gay men (Cohen d = 1.30; 95% confidence interval = 1.28, 1.32 among female nurses; Cohen d = 1.38; 95% confidence interval = 1.32, 1.44 among male nurses). Among all groups, explicit preferences for heterosexual versus lesbian and gay people were weaker than implicit preferences. Conclusions. Implicit preferences for heterosexual people versus lesbian and gay people are pervasive among heterosexual health care providers. Future research should investigate how implicit sexual prejudice affects care.
Diffusion of Impaired Driving Laws Among US States
Authors: Macinko James , Silver Diana 
Published: July 2015

Objectives. We examined internal and external determinants of state’s adoption of impaired driving laws. Methods. Data included 7 state-level, evidence-based public health laws collected from 1980 to 2010. We used event history analyses to identify predictors of first-time law adoption and subsequent adoption between state pairs. The independent variables were internal state factors, including the political environment, legislative professionalism, government capacity, state resources, legislative history, and policy-specific risk factors. The external factors were neighboring states’ history of law adoption and changes in federal law. Results. We found a strong secular trend toward an increased number of laws over time. The proportion of younger drivers and the presence of a neighboring state with similar laws were the strongest predictors of first-time law adoption. The predictors of subsequent law adoption included neighbor state adoption and previous legislative action. Alcohol laws were negatively associated with first-time adoption of impaired driving laws, suggesting substitution effects among policy choices. Conclusions. Organizations seeking to stimulate state policy changes may need to craft strategies that engage external actors, such as neighboring states, in addition to mobilizing within-state constituencies.
Let’s Get Physical: Sexual Orientation Disparities in Physical Activity, Sports Involvement, and Obesity Among a Population-Based Sample of Adolescents
Authors: Mereish Ethan H. , Poteat V. Paul 
Published: July 2015

Objectives. We examined sexual orientation disparities in physical activity, sports involvement, and obesity among a population-based adolescent sample. Methods. We analyzed data from the 2012 Dane County Youth Assessment for 13 933 students in grades 9 through 12 in 22 Wisconsin high schools. We conducted logistic regressions to examine sexual orientation disparities in physical activity, sports involvement, and body mass index among male and female adolescents. Results. When we accounted for several covariates, compared with heterosexual females, sexual minority females were less likely to participate in team sports (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.37, 0.53) and more likely to be overweight (AOR = 1.28; 95% CI = 1.02, 1.62) or obese (AOR = 1.88; 95% CI = 1.43, 2.48). Sexual minority males were less likely than heterosexual males to be physically active (AOR = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.46, 0.83) or to participate in team sports (AOR = 0.26; 95% CI = 0.20, 0.32), but the 2 groups did not differ in their risk of obesity. Conclusions. Sexual orientation health disparities in physical activity and obesity are evident during adolescence. Culturally affirming research, interventions, and policies are needed for sexual minority youths.
Prescription Disposal Practices: A 2-Year Ecological Study of Drug Drop Box Donations in Appalachia
Authors: Gray Jeffrey , Hagemeier Nicholas , Brooks Billy , Alamian Arsham 
Published: July 2015

Objectives. We quantified controlled substance donations via permanent drug donation boxes over 2 years in a region with high prescription abuse, assessing medication characteristics, time between dispensing and donation, and weight of medications donated per capita. Methods. In partnership with Drug Enforcement Administration and local law enforcement, we analyzed permanent drug donation box collections in 8 Northeast Tennessee locations from June 2012 to April 2014. We recorded controlled substance dosage units along with the product dispensing date. Results. We collected 4841 pounds of pharmaceutical waste, 4.9% (238.5 pounds) of which were controlled substances, totaling 106 464 controlled substance doses. Analysis of dispensing dates for controlled substances indicated a median of 34 months lapsed from dispensing to donation (range = 1–484 months). The mean controlled substance donation rate was 1.39 pounds per 1000 residents. Communities with fewer than 10 000 residents had a statistically higher controlled substance donation rate (P = .002) compared with communities with 10 000 or more residents. Conclusions. Permanent drug donation boxes can be an effective mechanism to remove controlled substances from community settings. Rural and urban community residents should be provided convenient and timely access to drug disposal options.
Trends in Educational Inequalities in Drug Poisoning Mortality: United States, 1994–2010
Authors: Richardson Robin , Charters Thomas , King Nicholas , Harper Sam 
Published: July 2015

Objectives. We estimated trends in drug poisoning death rates by educational attainment and investigated educational inequalities in drug poisoning mortality by race, gender, and region. Methods. We linked drug poisoning death counts from the National Vital Statistics System to population denominators from the Current Population Survey to estimate drug poisoning rates by gender, race, region, and educational attainment (less than high school degree, high school degree, some college, college degree) from 1994 to 2010. Results. There were 372 485 drug poisoning deaths. Education-related inequalities increased during the study among all demographic groups and varied by region. Absolute increases in educational inequalities were higher among Whites than Blacks and men than women. The age-adjusted rate difference between White men with less than a high school degree increased from 8.7 per 100 000 in 1994 to 27.4 in 2010 (change = 18.7). Among Black men, the corresponding increases were 11.7 and 18.3, respectively (change = 6.6). Conclusions. We found strong educational patterning in drug poisoning rates, chiefly by region and race. Rates are highest and increasing the fastest among groups with less education.
Vulnerable Bullies: Perpetration of Peer Harassment Among Youths Across Sexual Orientation, Weight, and Disability Status
Authors: Eisenberg Marla E. , Gower Amy L. , McMorris Barbara J. , Bucchianeri Michaela M. 
Published: July 2015

Objectives. We examined perpetration of bullying among youths in vulnerable groups relative to youths in peer groups not categorized as vulnerable.Methods. Data were collected in 2013 from a large school-based survey of adolescents conducted in Minnesota (n = 122 180). We used the χ2test and logistic regression to compare measures of perpetration of physical and relational bullying, as well as experiences of victimization and perpetration (or both), across categories of sexual orientation, weight status, and disability status.Results. Rates of physical and relational bullying perpetration were significantly higher among youths in vulnerable groups than among those not in vulnerable groups. With respect to context of victimization experiences, young men and women from vulnerable groups were overrepresented in the group comprising both perpetrators and victims. For example, odds of being both a perpetrator and a victim were 1.41 to 3.22 times higher among gay, lesbian, and bisexual youths than among heterosexual youths.Conclusions. Vulnerable youths, who are prone to peer harassment, may also act as perpetrators of bullying. Prevention strategies should address the particular needs of these populations; targeted programming may be appropriate.
High Alcohol Concentration Products Associated With Poverty and State Alcohol Policies
Authors: Rossheim Matthew E. , Thombs Dennis L. , Wagenaar Alexander C. , Xuan Ziming , Aryal Subhash 
Published: July 2015

Objectives. We examined the associations among zip code demographics, the state alcohol policy environment, and the retail outlet availability of multiple fruit-flavored alcoholic drinks in a can (MFAC). Methods. In a nationally representative sample of zip codes (n = 872), we merged data from 4 sources: publicly available marketing information from 2 major MFAC producers, the US Census Bureau, state alcohol regulatory agencies, and recent research on state alcohol policies. We used zero-inflated negative binomial regression models to examine MFAC outlet availability in the United States. Results. More than 98% of MFAC outlets were off-premises alcohol establishments. After we controlled for population size and the number of licensed on- and off-premises alcohol outlets within zip codes, more families below the poverty line and weaker state alcohol control policies were associated with greater MFAC outlet availability. Conclusions. Economic conditions and alcohol policy environment appeared to be related to MFAC outlet availability, after adjusting for the general availability of alcohol. Research is needed to determine whether MFACs are disproportionately contributing to alcohol-related harm in socially and economically disadvantaged communities. Policies to better regulate the off-premises sale of alcohol are needed.
Contextual Uncertainties, Human Mobility, and Perceived Food Environment: The Uncertain Geographic Context Problem in Food Access Research
Authors: Chen Xiang , Kwan Mei-Po 
Published: July 2015

We examined the uncertainty of the contextual influences on food access through an analytic framework of the uncertain geographic context problem (UGCoP). We first examined the compounding effects of two kinds of spatiotemporal uncertainties on people’s everyday efforts to procure food and then outlined three key dimensions (food access in real time, temporality of the food environment, and perceived nutrition environment) in which research on food access must improve to better represent the contributing environmental influences that operate at the individual level. Guidelines to address the UGCoP in future food access research are provided to account for the multidimensional influences of the food environment on dietary behaviors.