bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anaesthesia associates' clinical activity, case mix, supervision and involvement in peri‐operative cardiac arrest: analysis from the 7th National Audit Project
Authors: Cook Tim M. , Kane Andrew D. , Armstrong Richard A. , Kursumovic Emira , Varney Lee , Moppett Iain K. , Soar Jasmeet ,   collaborators
Published: July 2024

SummaryBackgroundWe analysed the clinical practice of anaesthesia associates in the UK, as reported to the 7th National Audit Project of the Royal College of Anaesthetists, and compared these with medically qualified anaesthetists.MethodsWe included data from our baseline survey, activity survey and case registry as with other reports from the project.ResultsAmong 197 departments of anaesthesia, 52 (26%) employed anaesthesia associates. Of 10,009 responding anaesthesia care providers, 71 (< 1%) were anaesthesia associates, of whom 33 (47%) reporting working nights or weekends (compared with 97% of medically qualified anaesthetists in training and > 90% of consultants). Anaesthesia associates reported less training and confidence in managing peri‐operative cardiac arrest and its aftermath compared with medically qualified anaesthetists. Anaesthesia associates were less directly involved in the management and the aftermath of peri‐operative cardiac arrest than medically qualified anaesthetists, and the psychological impacts on professional and personal life appeared to be less. Among 24,172 cases, anaesthesia associates attended 432 (2%) and were the senior anaesthesia care provider in 63 (< 1%), with indirect supervision in 27 (43%). Anaesthesia associates worked predominantly in a small number of surgical specialties during weekdays and working daytime hours. Complication rates were low in cases managed by anaesthesia associates, likely reflecting case mix. However, activity and registry case mix data show anaesthesia associates do manage high‐risk cases (patients who are older, comorbid, obese and frail) with the potential for serious complications. Registry cases included higher risk cases with respect to the clinical setting and patient factors.ConclusionAnaesthesia associates work in enhanced roles, relative to the scope of practice at qualification agreed by organisations. Recent changes mean the Royal College of Anaesthetists and Association of Anaesthetists do not currently support an enhanced scope of practice.
Rethinking climate change vulnerabilities after COVID‐19: Recommendations for social science‐based interventions drawn from research on Conspiracy Theories and Diversity Science
Authors: Graton Aurélien , Sarrasin Oriane , Klein Olivier , Schuldt Jonathon P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractScholars have noted several connections between the COVID‐19 pandemic and the climate crisis, ranging from the material influence of the pandemic on climate change processes (e.g., how lockdowns temporarily lowered climate emissions) to the similar ways the crises have been managed. Both crises are also global in scope, have exerted a significant toll on human lives and require major changes in our lifestyles. However, while collective responses to COVID‐19 were rapid and concerted, efforts to address climate change continue to be met with resistance. In this article, we investigate the social vulnerabilities common to both crises and the lessons that policymakers in the climate field can take away from the pandemic. After outlining the theoretical and empirical similarities between the two crises, we present a general framework and recommendations for the use of social science‐based interventions. We focus on two broad topics of contemporary interest that lay bare social vulnerabilities of the coronavirus pandemic—conspiracy theories and racial and ethnic inequities—to highlight the ways that understanding social and psychological processes associated with the pandemic can help inform more efficient climate policies.Public Significance StatementThis paper shows how the COVID‐19 pandemic's social and psychological lessons can guide climate change policies. By leveraging social science insights, we propose strategies and illustrations to combat misinformation and address social inequities, ultimately fostering more effective and inclusive climate actions and benefiting policymakers and society at large.
External validation of an artificial intelligence model for Gleason grading of prostate cancer on prostatectomy specimens
Authors: Schmidt Bogdana , Soerensen Simon John Christoph , Bhambhvani Hriday P. , Fan Richard E. , Bhattacharya Indrani , Choi Moon Hyung , Kunder Christian A. , Kao Chia‐Sui , Higgins John , Rusu Mirabela , Sonn Geoffrey A. 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesTo externally validate the performance of the DeepDx Prostate artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm (Deep Bio Inc., Seoul, South Korea) for Gleason grading on whole‐mount prostate histopathology, considering potential variations observed when applying AI models trained on biopsy samples to radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens due to inherent differences in tissue representation and sample size.Materials and MethodsThe commercially available DeepDx Prostate AI algorithm is an automated Gleason grading system that was previously trained using 1133 prostate core biopsy images and validated on 700 biopsy images from two institutions. We assessed the AI algorithm's performance, which outputs Gleason patterns (3, 4, or 5), on 500 1‐mm2 tiles created from 150 whole‐mount RP specimens from a third institution. These patterns were then grouped into grade groups (GGs) for comparison with expert pathologist assessments. The reference standard was the International Society of Urological Pathology GG as established by two experienced uropathologists with a third expert to adjudicate discordant cases. We defined the main metric as the agreement with the reference standard, using Cohen's kappa.ResultsThe agreement between the two experienced pathologists in determining GGs at the tile level had a quadratically weighted Cohen's kappa of 0.94. The agreement between the AI algorithm and the reference standard in differentiating cancerous vs non‐cancerous tissue had an unweighted Cohen's kappa of 0.91. Additionally, the AI algorithm's agreement with the reference standard in classifying tiles into GGs had a quadratically weighted Cohen's kappa of 0.89. In distinguishing cancerous vs non‐cancerous tissue, the AI algorithm achieved a sensitivity of 0.997 and specificity of 0.88; in classifying GG ≥2 vs GG 1 and non‐cancerous tissue, it demonstrated a sensitivity of 0.98 and specificity of 0.85.ConclusionThe DeepDx Prostate AI algorithm had excellent agreement with expert uropathologists and performance in cancer identification and grading on RP specimens, despite being trained on biopsy specimens from an entirely different patient population.
Impacts of higher daytime temperatures on viable pollen and fruit production in common Cerrado tree Byrsonima pachyphylla (Malpighiaceae)
Authors: Werkmeister Georgina A. , Galbraith David R. , Silva Márcia Cardoso , Rocha Jairo Matos , Lima Milene Alves Oliveira , Tubin Pedro Gabriel , Marimon Beatriz Schwantes , Marimon‐Junior Ben Hur , Ashley David , Clerici Santiago , Phillips Oliver L. , Gloor Emanuel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAlready threatened by deforestation, the Brazilian Cerrado—a complex and biodiverse tropical savannah that provides important ecosystem services—could experience climate warming of 1–5°C by 2100. This could negatively impact sexual reproduction (considered particularly sensitive to temperature stress) in native plant species, potentially limiting the production of viable pollen, fruits, and seeds; however, such impacts are largely unstudied in wild tropical species. To investigate the potential effects of higher temperatures on Cerrado species reproduction, developing inflorescences of common and widespread tree Byrsonima pachyphylla (Malpighiaceae) were passively heated in situ from an early bud stage (by 3–4°C during the daytime). Viability of pollen samples (analyzed through in vitro pollen germination and differential pollen staining) and fruit set (the proportion of hand‐pollinated flowers that developed into mature fruit) were compared between heated and control (ambient temperature) inflorescences, hypothesizing that both would be lower in heated inflorescences. However, higher daytime temperatures had no impact on viable pollen production, suggesting a strong resilience to warming. Nevertheless, fruit set was significantly reduced, which could have serious implications for future species recruitment and potentially Cerrado community structure, insect and animal food chains, and human populations, especially if representative of other Cerrado species. To the best of our knowledge, this experiment is the first manipulative warming of Cerrado vegetation in situ. It provides initial insights into the effects that increasing temperatures could have on future reproductive success and demonstrates the importance of considering reproduction when evaluating the possible impacts of climate change on tropical ecosystems.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Single‐cell sequencing reveals the transcriptional alternations of 17β‐estradiol suppressing primordial follicle formation in neonatal mouse ovaries
Authors: Yan Yutong , Zhang Hui , Xu Rui , Luo Linglin , Yin Lu , Wu Hao , Zhang Yiqian , Li Chan , Lu Sihai , Tang Yaju , Zhao Xiaoe , Pan Menghao , Wei Qiang , Peng Sha , Ma Baohua 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEstrogen has been implicated in multiple biological processes, but the variation underlying estrogen‐mediated primordial follicle (PF) formation remains unclear. Here, we show that 17β‐estradiol (E2) treatment of neonatal mice led to the inhibition of PF formation and cell proliferation. Single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) revealed that E2 treatment caused significant changes in the transcriptome of oocytes and somatic cells. E2 treatment disrupted the synchronised development of oocytes, pre‐granulosa (PG) cells and stromal cells. Mechanistically, E2 treatment disrupted several signalling pathways critical to PF formation, especially down‐regulating the Kitl and Smad1/3/4/5/7 expression, reducing the frequency and number of cell communication. In addition, E2 treatment influenced key gene expression, mitochondrial function of oocytes, the recruitment and maintenance of PG cells, the cell proliferation of somatic cells, as well as disordered the ovarian microenvironment. This study not only revealed insights into the regulatory role of estrogen during PF formation, but also filled in knowledge of dramatic changes in perinatal hormones, which are critical for the physiological significance of understanding hormone changes and reproductive protection.
A nature‐inclusive future with healthy soils? Mapping soil organic matter in 2050 in the Netherlands
Authors: Helfenstein Anatol , Mulder Vera L. , Hack‐ten Broeke Mirjam J. D. , Breman Bas C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNature‐inclusive scenarios of the future can help address numerous societal challenges related to soil health. As nature‐inclusive scenarios imply sustainable management of natural systems and resources, land use and soil health are assumed to be mutually beneficial in such scenarios. However, the interplay between nature‐inclusive land use scenarios and soil health has never been modelled using digital soil mapping. We predicted soil organic matter (SOM), an important indicator of soil health, in 2050, based on a recently developed nature‐inclusive scenario and machine learning in 3D space and time in the Netherlands. By deriving dynamic covariates related to land use and the occurrence of peat for 2050, we predicted SOM and its uncertainty in 2050 and assessed SOM changes between 2022 and 2050 from 0 to 2 m depth at 25 m resolution. We found little changes in the majority of mineral soils. However, SOM decreases of up to 5% were predicted in grasslands used for animal‐based production systems in 2022, which transitioned into croplands for plant‐based production systems by 2050. Although increases up to 25% SOM were predicted between 0 and 40 cm depth in rewetted peatlands, even larger decreases, on reclaimed land even surpassing 25% SOM, were predicted on non‐rewetted land in peat layers below 40 cm depth. There were several limitations to our approach, mostly due to predicting future trends based on historic data. Furthermore, nuanced nature‐inclusive practices, such as the adoption of agroecological farming methods, were too complex to incorporate in the model and would likely affect SOM spatial variability. Nonetheless, 3D‐mapping of SOM in 2050 created new insights and raised important questions related to soil health behind nature‐inclusive scenarios. Using machine learning explicit in 3D space and time to predict the impact of future scenarios on soil health is a useful tool for facilitating societal discussion, aiding policy making and promoting transformative change.
Aquatic processing enhances the loss of aged carbon from drained and burned peatlands
Authors: Bowen Jennifer C. , Hoyt Alison M. , Xu Xiaomei , Nuriman Muhammad , Anshari Gusti Z. , Wahyudio Putri Juliandini , Aluwihare Lihini I. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWater‐logged peatlands store tremendous amounts of soil carbon (C) globally, accumulating C over millennia. As peatlands become disturbed by human activity, these long‐term C stores are getting destabilized and ultimately released as greenhouse gases that may exacerbate climate change. Oxidation of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) mobilized from disturbed soils to streams and canals may be one avenue for the transfer of previously stored, millennia‐aged C to the atmosphere. However, it remains unknown whether aged peat‐derived DOC undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide (CO2) following disturbance. Here, we use a new approach to measure the radiocarbon content of CO2 produced from the oxidation of DOC in canals overlying peatland soils that have undergone widespread disturbance in Indonesia. This work shows for the first time that aged DOC mobilized from drained and burned peatland soils is susceptible to oxidation by both microbial respiration and photomineralization over aquatic travel times for DOC. The bulk radiocarbon age of CO2 produced during canal oxidation ranged from modern to ~1300 years before present. These ages for CO2 were most strongly influenced by canal water depth, which was proportional to the water table level where DOC is mobilized from disturbed soils to canals. Canal microbes preferentially respired older or younger organic C pools to CO2, and this may have been facilitated by the use of a small particulate organic C pool over the dissolved pool. Given that high densities of canals are generally associated with lower water tables and higher fire risk, our findings suggest that peatland areas with high canal density may be a hotspot for the loss of aged C on the landscape. Taken together, the results of this study show how and why aquatic processing of organic C on the landscape can enhance the transfer of long‐term peat C stores to the atmosphere following disturbance.
A Qualitative Exploration of Stroke Survivors' Experiences of Using a Stroke Helpline
Authors: Chaudhry Muneeba T. , McCambridge Alana B. , Rivera Esminio I. I. , William Scott , Stubbs Peter , Verhagen Arianne , Ferguson Caleb 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundStrokeLine is a stroke‐specific helpline used by stroke survivors and their families in Australia to access professional support. There has been little research exploring stroke survivors' experiences of using helplines and their perceived impact on their stroke recovery.AimThe aim of this study is to explore the reasons prompting stroke survivors to call StrokeLine and their experiences and to describe the perceived impact of calling StrokeLine on their recovery.MethodsAn exploratory descriptive qualitative study was undertaken using thematic analysis of data collected through semi‐structured interviews of stroke survivors between December 2020 and May 2022. Participants were recruited using purposive sampling. Interviews were conducted via audio‐recorded Zoom conference calling and transcribed verbatim for thematic analysis.ResultsA total of eight callers (four men and women women) participated, with the time since stroke ranging from 3.5 months to 5 years. Four major themes were identified, including 17 sub‐themes. Key themes included (1) factors prompting use of StrokeLine; (2) experience of using StrokeLine; (3) perceived impact of using StrokeLine; and (4) conceptualising StrokeLine service provision.ConclusionsParticipants perceived their experience of contacting StrokeLine as having a positive impact on their stroke recovery, leaving them feeling empowered and motivated to self‐manage their condition.Patient or Public ContributionStroke survivors with lived experience influenced the conceptualisation of this study through conversations with consumers and the Stroke Foundation. Eight stroke survivors were involved as participants in the research study.
GABRP inhibits the progression of oesophageal cancer by regulating CFTR: Integrating bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation
Authors: Zhang Jingzhi , Liu Xue , Zeng Ling , Hu Ying 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOesophageal cancer (EC) is a malignancy which accounts for a substantial number of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. The molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of EC have not been fully elucidated. GSE17351 and GSE20347 data sets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were employed to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) was used to examine hub gene expression. ECA‐109 and TE‐12 cells were transfected using the pcDNA3.1 expression vector encoding GABRP. The cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8), cell scratch and Transwell assays were performed to assess the effect of GABRP on EC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐associated protein levels were measured by Western blotting. Subsequently, CFTR was knocked down to verify whether GABRP affected biological events in EC cells by targeting CFTR. Seven hub genes were identified, including GABRP, FLG, ENAH, KLF4, CD24, ABLIM3 and ABLIM1, which all could be used as diagnostic biomarkers for EC. The RT‐qPCR results indicated that the expression levels of GABRP, FLG, KLF4, CD24, ABLIM3 and ABLIM1 were downregulated, whereas the expression level of ENAH was upregulated. In vitro functional assays demonstrated that GABRP overexpression suppressed the proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT of EC cells. Mechanistically, GABRP promoted the expression of CFTR, and CFTR knockdown significantly counteracted the influence of GABRP overexpression on biological events in EC cells. Overexpression of GABRP inhibited EC progression by increasing CFTR expression, which might be a new target for EC treatment.
Effectiveness of the transitional care model in total knee arthroplasty patients: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Güllü Ayla , Tosun Betul 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimThis study has aimed to assess the effectiveness of the transitional care model (TCM) on functional status, perceived self‐efficacy and healthcare utilization in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA).MethodThis randomized controlled study was conducted between February and November 2021 in a public hospital. The study randomly assigned patients to either a 6‐week ‘TCM’ program or usual care. The sample size was n = 70, with each group comprising 35 individuals. Patient outcomes, including self‐efficacy, functional status and healthcare service readmission rates, were monitored for TKA patients.ResultsNursing care based on the ‘TCM’ was found to enhance functional status and increase the level of self‐efficacy among TKA patients, leading to a decrease in healthcare service readmissions.ConclusionsThe study recommends preparing patients and their families for the preoperative and postoperative processes. It emphasizes the importance of providing necessary training and consultancy services under the leadership of orthopaedic nurses responsible for TKA patient care, guided by the principles of TCM.
Serum Mac‐2 binding protein glycosylation isomer dynamics in patients achieving sustained virologic response for hepatitis C virus
Authors: Chang Yu‐Ping , Liu Chen‐Hua , Huang Chiuan‐Bo , Lee Ji‐Yuh , Liu Chun‐Jen , Su Tung‐Hung , Huang Shang‐Chin , Tseng Tai‐Chung , Chen Pei‐Jer , Kao Jia‐Horng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and AimUnderstanding the dynamics of serum Mac‐2 binding protein glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi) remains pivotal for hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients' post‐sustained virologic response (SVR12) through direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs).MethodsWe compared areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) of M2BPGi, FIB‐4, and APRI and assess M2BPGi cutoff levels in predicting fibrosis stages of ≥F3 and F4 utilizing transient elastography in 638 patients. Variations in M2BPGi levels from pretreatment to SVR12 and their association with pretreatment alanine transaminase (ALT) levels and fibrosis stage were investigated.ResultsThe AUROCs of M2BPGi were comparable to FIB‐4 in predicting ≥F3 (0.914 vs 0.902, P = 0.48) and F4 (0.947 vs 0.915, P = 0.05) but were superior to APRI in predicting ≥F3 (0.914 vs 0.851, P = 0.001) and F4 (0.947 vs 0.857, P < 0.001). Using M2BPGi cutoff values of 2.83 and 3.98, fibrosis stages of ≥F3 and F4 were confirmed with a positive likelihood ratio ≥10. The median M2BPGi change was −0.55. Patients with ALT levels ≥5 times ULN or ≥F3 demonstrated more pronounced median decreases in M2BPGi level compared to those with ALT levels 2–5 times ULN and <2 times ULN (−0.97 vs −0.68 and −0.44; P < 0.001) or with < F3 (−1.52 vs −0.44; P < 0.001).ConclusionsSerum M2BPGi is a reliable marker for advanced hepatic fibrosis. Following viral clearance, there is a notable M2BPGi decrease, with the extent of reduction influenced by ALT levels and fibrosis stage.
Intravenous fluid therapy compared to no treatment following blood donation in cats: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Guedra Allais M. , Humm K. 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesThere is currently no consensus regarding the use of intravenous fluid therapy in feline patients post‐blood donation in veterinary medicine. The primary aim of this study was to determine whether blood donation can be performed safely without post‐donation intravenous fluid therapy. The secondary aim was to report owner‐noted post‐donation changes.Materials and MethodsThe study aimed to enrol 100 conscious feline blood donations by client‐owned cats performed at a veterinary teaching hospital. Donors were randomised to either receive intravenous compound sodium lactate (twice the volume of blood donated over 2 hours) immediately after blood donation, or to receive no post‐blood donation intravenous fluid therapy. Systolic blood pressure was measured non‐invasively at 0, 60 and 120 minutes post‐donation. Median blood pressures were compared between the two groups using a Shapiro‐Wilk test. Owners were called the day following the donation to collect information on changes in their cat post‐donation.ResultsOne hundred cats were enrolled and the data of 97 cats were analysed; 46 who received intravenous fluid therapy and 51 who did not. Mean donation volume was 9.95 mL/kg for the intravenous fluid therapy group and 9.72 mL/kg for the non‐intravenous fluid therapy group. At each time point, the median blood pressure did not differ significantly between the two groups. The main reported changes in both goups were bruising at the venepuncture site with 27.3% (12/44) in the IVFT group and 23.4% (9/37) in the no‐IVFT group, and mild lethargy up to a maximum of 24 hours post donation with 11.4% (5/44) in the IVFT group and 18.9% (7/37) in the no‐IVFT group.Clinical SignificanceThis study suggests that the use of intravenous fluid therapy post‐feline blood donation may not be necessary. This could mean reduced hospitalisation time for feline donors, possibly decreasing feline stress.