bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NKG2D Induces Mcl-1 Expression and Mediates Survival of CD8 Memory T Cell Precursors via Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase
Authors: Wensveen Felix M. , Lenartić Maja , Jelenčić Vedrana , Lemmermann Niels A. W. , ten Brinke Anja , Jonjić Stipan , Polić Bojan 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Memory formation of activated CD8 T cells is the result of a specific combination of signals that promote long-term survival and inhibit differentiation into effector cells. Much is known about initial cues that drive memory formation, but it is poorly understood which signals are essential during the intermediate stages before terminal differentiation. NKG2D is an activating coreceptor on Ag-experienced CD8 T cells that promotes effector cell functions. Its role in memory formation is currently unknown. In this study, we show that NKG2D controls formation of CD8 memory T cells by promoting survival of precursor cells. We demonstrate that NKG2D enhances IL-15–mediated PI3K signaling of activated CD8 T cells, in a specific phase of memory cell commitment, after activation but before terminal differentiation. This signal is essential for the induction of prosurvival protein Mcl-1 and precursor cell survival. In vivo, NKG2D deficiency results in reduced memory cell formation and impaired protection against reinfection. Our findings show a new role for PI3K and the NKG2D/IL-15 axis in an underappreciated stage of effector to memory cell transition that is essential for the generation of antiviral immunity. Moreover, we provide novel insights how these receptors control both effector and memory T cell differentiation.
Qazion
Authors: Killebrew Ann E. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTFirst discovered in 1860, the monumental structure at Qazion and its late second-century CE Greek dedicatory inscription by Galilean Jews have been a focal point of scholarly debate. Did this building serve as a synagogue for the local community or was it a Roman temple constructed by Jews to honor Septimius Severus and his family? This article presents the results of the Hachlili and Killebrew archaeological survey of the Qazion cultic complex and a new interpretation of this site located on the border of Jewish and pagan Galilee.
The effect of non-exercise activity thermogenesis on subjects with metabolic syndrome – a proof of concept study in Qatar
Authors: Hammoudeh Samer , Bener Abdulbari , Zirie Mahmoud , Al-Hamaq Abdullah , Chandra Prem , Moses Olivia , Dos Santos Hildemar , Tonstad Serena 
Published: June 2013

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Total human energy expenditure is divided into three major components; resting metabolic rate, thermic effect of food, and activity thermogenesis which is divided into exercise and non exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT). In this study, NEAT was used as a lifestyle intervention on subjects with metabolic syndrome. 200 eligible patients from the Diabetes and Endocrinology Department at Hamad Medical Hospital in Doha, Qatar were assigned to an intervention (n = 100) or control (n = 100) group and followed for one year. The intervention group was advised to practice NEAT enhancing activities, while the control group was not advised about NEAT. Measurements of waist circumference, weight, BMI, blood pressure, glucose and lipid profile were assessed at baseline, six months and 1 year.
After 1 year 52 intervention and 55 control subjects completed the study. The results revealed no statistically significant differences in metabolic syndrome components between the two randomized groups. The amount of recommended NEAT activity appears to have been too small to influence study outcomes. Future studies in similar populations may need to consider the high dropout rate, and use of incentives or other interventions to increase compliance and retention.
Dupilumab in Adults With Moderate to Severe Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Beck Lisa A. , Bissonnette Robert , Deleuran Mette , Nakahara Takeshi , Galus Ryszard , Coleman Anna , Gherardi Guy , Xiao Jing , Dingman Robert , Xu Christine , Avetisova Elena , Dubost-Brama Ariane , Shabbir Arsalan 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceModerate to severe atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that often requires continuous long-term systemic management. Long-term safety and efficacy data for treatment options are critically important.ObjectiveTo assess the safety and efficacy of dupilumab treatment for up to 5 years in adults with moderate to severe AD.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe 5-year LIBERTY AD open-label extension study was conducted from September 2013 to June 2022 at 550 sites in 28 countries. The study enrolled adult patients with moderate to severe AD who had participated in previous dupilumab clinical trials. Data were analyzed from August 2022 to February 2023.ExposuresAt enrollment, patients initiated a regimen of subcutaneous dupilumab, 200 mg, weekly (400-mg loading dose). The regimen was amended in June 2014 to dupilumab, 300 mg, weekly (600-mg loading dose) based on a dose-ranging study and again in November 2019 to dupilumab, 300 mg, every 2 weeks to align with the regulatory regimen approvals.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary end points were the incidence and rate of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). Key secondary end points included incidence and rate of serious TEAEs and adverse events of special interest, proportion of patients achieving an Investigator’s Global Assessment (IGA) score of 0 or 1 (clear or almost clear), and proportion of patients with 75% or more improvement in the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) from the parent study baseline.ResultsA total of 2677 patients were enrolled and treated in the open-label extension study; 1611 (60.2%) were male, and the mean (SD) age was 39.2 (13.4) years. A total of 334 patients (12.5%) completed treatment up to week 260. The most common reasons for withdrawal were due to regulatory approval of dupilumab in compliance with the study protocol (810 of 1380 [58.7%]), patient withdrawal (248 of 1380 [18.0%]), and adverse events (116 of 1380 [8.4%]). Exposure-adjusted rates of TEAEs were generally stable or declined throughout the study. Common TEAEs (incidence of 5% or greater) included nasopharyngitis, worsening AD, upper respiratory tract infection, conjunctivitis, conjunctivitis allergic, headache, oral herpes, and injection-site reaction. At week 260, 220 of 326 patients (67.5%) achieved an IGA score of 0 or 1 and 288 of 324 (88.9%) achieved 75% or greater improvement in the EASI. The mean (SD) EASI score was 16.39 (14.60) at baseline and 2.75 (5.62) at end of study.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, there was sustained safety and efficacy of continuous long-term dupilumab treatment for adults with moderate to severe AD.
Feedback and Financial Incentives for Reducing Cell Phone Use While Driving
Authors: Delgado M. Kit , Ebert Jeffrey P. , Xiong Ruiying A. , Winston Flaura K. , McDonald Catherine C. , Rosin Roy M. , Volpp Kevin G. , Barnett Ian J. , Small Dylan S. , Wiebe Douglas J. , Abdel-Rahman Dina , Hemmons Jessica E. , Finegold Rafi , Kotrc Benjamin , Radford Emma , Fisher William J. , Gaba Kristen L. , Everett William C. , Halpern Scott D. 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceHandheld phone use while driving is a major factor in vehicle crashes. Scalable interventions are needed to encourage drivers not to use their phones.ObjectiveTo test whether interventions involving social comparison feedback and/or financial incentives can reduce drivers’ handheld phone use.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn a randomized clinical trial, interventions were administered nationwide in the US via a mobile application in the context of a usage-based insurance program (Snapshot Mobile application). Customers were eligible to be invited to participate in the study if enrolled in the usage-based insurance program for 30 to 70 days. The study was conducted from May 13 to June 30, 2019. Analysis was completed December 22, 2023.InterventionsParticipants were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 trial arms for a 7-week intervention period: (1) control; (2) feedback, with weekly push notification about their handheld phone use compared with that of similar others; (3) standard incentive, with a maximum $50 award at the end of the intervention based on how their handheld phone use compared with similar others; (4) standard incentive plus feedback, combining interventions of arms 2 and 3; (5) reframed incentive plus feedback, with a maximum $7.15 award each week, framed as participant’s to lose; and (6) doubled reframed incentive plus feedback, a maximum $14.29 weekly loss-framed award.Main Outcome and MeasureProportion of drive time engaged in handheld phone use in seconds per hour (s/h) of driving. Analyses were conducted with the intention-to-treat approach.ResultsOf 17 663 customers invited by email to participate, 2109 opted in and were randomized. A total of 2020 drivers finished the intervention period (68.0% female; median age, 30 [IQR, 25-39] years). Median baseline handheld phone use was 216 (IQR, 72-480) s/h. Relative to control, feedback and standard incentive participants did not reduce their handheld phone use. Standard incentive plus feedback participants reduced their use by −38 (95% CI, −69 to −8) s/h (P = .045); reframed incentive plus feedback participants reduced their use by −56 (95% CI, −87 to −26) s/h (P &amp;lt; .001); and doubled reframed incentive plus feedback participants reduced their use by −42 s/h (95% CI, −72 to −13 s/h; P = .007). The 5 active treatment arms did not differ significantly from each other.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this randomized clinical trial, providing social comparison feedback plus incentives reduced handheld phone use while individuals were driving.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03833219
Effects of management practices on Northern Bobwhite Colinus virginianus density in privately owned working forests across the Southeastern United States
Authors: Nolan Victoria , Yeiser John M. , Costanzo Bridgett , Martin Melissa R. , McGuire Jessica L. , Delancey Clayton D. , Lewis William B. , Martin James A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Obtaining rigorous baseline density estimates of species of conservation interest is key when assisting landowners to achieve management goals on private lands. Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) populations are declining throughout their range and despite being the focus of numerous private land conservation initiatives, baseline density estimates in privately owned pine forests are lacking.

We sought to address this knowledge gap across the Southeastern United States by sampling 105 privately owned pine stands throughout 2018 to 2020 using observer point count and autonomous recording unit (ARU) sampling data. Using Bayesian hierarchical models, we investigated the influence of stand management (brush management or applied fire) on bobwhite density, as well as four landscape‐scale environmental variables. These included percentage cover of forest, herbaceous, agricultural or burnt land area across six different spatial scales ranging from 500‐m to 10‐km around each pine stand.

Baseline density on sites with no management was estimated to be 2.24 coveys per 100 ha (1.00–5.03, 95% BCI), with little impact of applying brush management, but a trend for a positive effect of fire management (0.19, −0.01 to 0.38 95% BCI).

This impact of fire was seen at both the stand‐scale, correlated with an increase in acreage of applied prescribed burn management, and across the greater landscape area, correlated with cover of burnt area within a 2‐km buffer around each site.

There were also strong positive influences of herbaceous vegetation and a strong negative influence of forest cover on bobwhite density.

Practical implication: our sampling efforts fill an important information gap regarding densities throughout private lands in the Southeastern United States. Our study also highlights the necessity of landscape scale planning for Northern Bobwhite conservation initiatives because the efficacy of conservation practices (i.e. prescribed fire and brush management) could be altered by the landscape surrounding the treated forest stand.
Reclaiming the radical roots of adult education: Toward community‐based anti‐racism education through participatory action research
Authors: Guo Shibao , Liu Jingzhou , Nizamuddin Sameer , Cai Lily J. , Jurkova Sinela 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this article, we revisit the radical roots of adult education for social change by developing community‐based anti‐racism education through participatory action research. Drawing on critical race theory (CRT) as its theoretical framework, we incorporate principles of participatory action research (PAR) to conceptualize community‐based anti‐racism education where community members and academics collaborate as equal partners throughout the process. Three key features emerged out of this analysis to characterize this approach: using people's lived experiences as an entry point to understand contemporary forms of racism, underscoring the importance of participation at the grassroots level, and prioritizing an action‐oriented feature of community‐based anti‐racism education. By combining synergies between CRT and PAR, this approach has the potential to contribute to facilitating collaborative, equitable partnerships in practicing anti‐racism education in diverse communities and enabling action‐oriented anti‐racism education as a site of advocacy, emancipation, and institutional practice for social change.
How Chinese business leaders in the tutoring industry learned to think strategically in a time of crisis
Authors: Chen Ruohao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChinese leaders in the tutoring industry encountered a crisis brought about by the Pandemic and the Double Reduction Policy. This exploratory multi‐case study applied a conceptual framework that combines informal learning, strategic thinking, and experiential learning theory to explore how those leaders learned to think strategically in this crisis. Fifteen Chinese educational entrepreneurs were interviewed about their strategies and learning experiences related to the crisis. The findings suggest that the participants learned to think strategically from direct experiences, indirect experiences, and two thinking processes – systems thinking and metaphorical thinking. This process was also influenced by Chinese cultural and historical wisdom. This study extends the current understanding of strategic thinking and learning practices among Chinese educational entrepreneurs. The research contributes to cultivating Chinese leaders’ strategic thinking capabilities through informal learning during crises and offers practical value for leadership development in Chinese culture.
Modular Anti‐Counterfeit Tags Formed by Template‐Assisted Self‐Assembly of Plasmonic Nanocrystals and Authenticated by Machine Learning
Authors: Ibrar Maha , Huang Sheng‐Yuan , McCurtain Zachery , Naha Shujon , Crandall David J. , Jacobson Stephen C. , Skrabalak Sara E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCounterfeit goods are pervasive, being found in products as diverse as textiles and optical media to pharmaceuticals and sensitive electronics. Here, an anti‐counterfeit platform is reported in which plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) are used to create unique image tags that can be authenticated quickly and reliably. Specifically, plasmonic NPs are assembled into periodic arrays of NP clusters by template‐assisted self‐assembly (TASA), where the light scattering responses from the arrays are analyzed by dark‐field optical microscopy. Tag design proved modular as plasmonic NPs with different optical responses can be selected and paired with Templates with different features (e.g., well size, well shape, and number and arrangement of wells in an array), giving access to a variety of color responses and unique images. These images can be differentiated from one another and authenticated by image analysis. Authentication methods based on shallow and deep neural networks are compared, where deep neural networks authenticated TASA tags with higher accuracy. Given the ease of tag fabrication and rapid image analysis, these platforms are ideal for on‐the‐fly tagging and supply‐chain authentication of critical goods.
Temporal Separation between Lattice Dynamics and Electronic Spin‐State Switching in Spin‐Crossover Thin Films Evidenced by Time‐Resolved X‐Ray Diffraction
Authors: Ridier Karl , Bertoni Roman , Mandal Ritwika , Volte Alix , Jiang Yifeng , Trzop Elzbieta , Levantino Matteo , Watier Yves , Frey Johannes , Zhang Yuteng , Pezeril Thomas , Cailleau Hervé , Molnár Gábor , Bousseksou Azzedine , Lorenc Maciej , Mariette Céline 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSpin‐crossover (SCO) complexes have drawn significant attention for the possibility to photoswitch their electronic spin state on a sub‐picosecond timescale at the molecular level. However, the multi‐step mechanism of laser‐pulse‐induced switching in solid state is not yet fully understood. Here, time‐resolved synchrotron X‐ray diffraction is used to follow the dynamics of the crystal lattice in response to a picosecond laser excitation in nanometric thin films of the SCO complex [Fe(HB(1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)3)2]. The observed structural dynamics unambiguously reveal a lattice expansion on the 100 picosecond timescale, which is temporally decoupled both from the ultrafast molecular photoswitching process (occurring within 100 fs) and from the delayed, thermo‐elastic (Arrhenius‐driven) conversion (taking place ≈10 ns). These time‐separated dynamics are also manifested by the observation of damped acoustic oscillations in the time evolution of the lattice volume, whereas no such oscillations are observed in the electronic spin‐state dynamics. Overall, these results suggest the existence of a universal behavior whereby the intramolecular energy barrier between low‐spin and high‐spin states acts as an intrinsic dynamical bottleneck in the out‐of‐equilibrium spin‐state switching dynamics of SCO materials.
Enhancing Temperature Responsiveness of PNIPAM Through 3D‐Printed Hierarchical Porosity
Authors: Liu Weiyi , Wang Zhenwu , Serna Julian A. , Debastiani Rafaela , Gomez Joaquin E. Urrutia , Lu Lutong , Yang Wenwu , Dong Zheqin , Levkin Pavel A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMaterials with ultra‐fast responsive properties are essential for various applications. Among the responsive materials, poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) stands out due to its well‐studied temperature‐responsive properties. Improving the kinetics of the responsive properties of PNIPAM is, however, still essential for advancing its practical use. Here, the responsive rate of PNIPAM hydrogels is enhanced by first incorporating sub‐micrometer porosity into the material through polymerization‐induced phase separation (PIPS), followed by introducing millimeter scale pores via 3D printing, thereby rendering the material with hierarchical porosity. The 3D‐printed porous PNIPAM structures show accelerated swelling and deswelling, when compared to non‐porous PNIPAM structures, due to enhanced water permeability associated with the continuous network of micrometer to millimeter‐sized pores. Additionally, thinner polymer structures result in faster temperature response rates. At the same time, the mechanical strength of PNIPAM hydrogels with high porosity and thinner polymer walls is not compromised, overcoming the common trade‐off between swelling and mechanical properties.
Full‐Color and High‐Resolution Femtosecond Laser Patterning of Perovskite Quantum Dots in Polyacrylonitrile Matrix
Authors: Hu Jinming , Guo Ronghui , Zhu Shengting , Yang Rui , Gu Min , Zhang Yinan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLaser patterning of perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) in polymer matrix enables in situ synthesis, easy integration, and much improved long‐term stability, holding great promises for varieties of photonics, and optoelectronics applications. Although multi‐color PQD patterns have been demonstrated through tuning the halide stoichiometry, it remains significantly challenging to achieve full‐color patterns due to the slow and spontaneous crystallization of the chlorinated perovskite precursor at room temperature. Herein, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is introduced to serve as the matrix material, the excess cyano groups of which would coordinate with dissociative cesium and lead cations in the precursor film, leading to the suppression of the unprompted crystallization process. Taking advantage of the nonthermal and contactless ultrafast femtosecond laser, full‐color PQDs are in situ fabricated by tuning the halide stoichiometry in the PAN matrix, with the emission wavelength in the range of 425–685 nm, spanning from deep blue to deep red color, and a sub‐diffraction feature size of ≈400 nm. The approach allows ultrafine and programmable fabrication of full‐color PQD arrays and arbitrary patterns with high resolution and stability. This facile, efficient, and reliable technique believed to offer a novel pathway for precise manufacturing of various photonic or optoelectronic devices based on patterned PQDs.
Defect Engineering Realizes Superior Thermoelectric Performance of GeTe
Authors: Wu Guangjie , Cai Jianfeng , Chen Lidong , Guo Zhe , Chen Kaiyi , Tan Xiaojian , Wu Jiehua , Liu Guo‐Qiang , Jiang Jun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGeTe has been considered as a promising mid‐temperature thermoelectric (TE) candidate, but its zT value is severely limited by the excessive hole concentration and high thermal conductivity. Here, it is demonstrated that the TE properties of GeTe can be significantly improve by defect engineering of Sb‐Pb and AgCuTe codoping. The Sb‐Pb codoping is adopted to optimize the carrier concentration and manipulate the rhombohedral lattice distortion, leading to valence band convergence and enhanced power factor. The AgCuTe alloying introduces multiscale phonon scattering centers including dislocations and nano‐precipitates to reduce the lattice thermal conductivity in GeTe. Consequently, a maximum zT of 2.3 at 773 K and an average zT of 1.43 (300–773 K) are obtained in (Ge0.84Sb0.06Pb0.1Te)0.99(AgCuTe)0.01. Moreover, the fabricated thermoelectric module exhibits a high output power density of 0.59 W cm–2 and an energy conversion efficiency of 7.9% at ΔT = 500 K, suggesting hierarchical defect engineering is an effective strategy to realize high‐performance GeTe‐based thermoelectric.
Electrically‐Triggered Oblique Helicoidal Cholesterics with a Single‐Layer Architecture for Next‐Generation Full‐Color Reflective Displays
Authors: Liu Tao , Lin Haiyi , Hou Danxing , Wang Jiaxing , Zeng Shuangshuang , Che Chuncheng , Wu Xiaojuan , Guo Jinbao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractElectrically‐induced oblique helicoidal cholesterics (ChOH) are attractive for use in reflective displays due to tunable photonic band gap (PBG) in a broad spectral range and natural eye‐friendly feature. However, the lack of a stable liquid crystal (LC) material system with a wide temperature range and unknown driver architecture hinder the implementation of the ChOH‐based reflective displays. Here, a prototype for a full‐color reflective display device based on electrically‐tunable ChOH‐LC is demonstrated. In the comparison of ChOH‐S1, S2 and S3 samples, the electric‐field‐induced ChOH in the ChOH‐S3 exhibits intense Bragg reflection and a tunable PBG in the extended temperature range from 19.5 °C to 30 °C. Particularly, the resulting device exhibits a lower driving voltage and a relatively larger color gamut for the full‐color reflective displays. On this basis, the display patterns with variable colors are demonstrated via the direct addressing mode. Furthermore, a proof‐of‐concept of the full‐color reflective display is demonstrated with red‐green‐blue pixeled images serving as the active panels. Ultimately, by regulating the electric field strength dependent on the ambient temperature, a stable and vivid effect of the ChOH device on the actual environment is shown. This work provides valuable insight for the development of ChOH‐based reflective displays.