bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrieval of river discharge solely from satellite imagery and at‐many‐stations hydraulic geometry: Sensitivity to river form and optimization parameters
Authors: Gleason Colin J. , Smith Laurence C. , Lee Jinny 
Published: November 2014

AbstractKnowledge of river discharge is critically important for water resource management, climate modeling, and improved understanding of the global water cycle, yet discharge is poorly known in much of the world. Remote sensing holds promise to mitigate this gap, yet current approaches for quantitative retrievals of river discharge require in situ calibration or a priori knowledge of river hydraulics, limiting their utility in unmonitored regions. Recently, Gleason and Smith (2014) demonstrated discharge retrievals within 20–30% of in situ observations solely from Landsat TM satellite images through discovery of a river‐specific geomorphic scaling phenomenon termed at‐many‐stations hydraulic geometry (AMHG). This paper advances the AMHG discharge retrieval approach via additional parameter optimizations and validation on 34 gauged rivers spanning a diverse range of geomorphic and climatic settings. Sensitivity experiments reveal that discharge retrieval accuracy varies with river morphology, reach averaging procedure, and optimization parameters. Quality of remotely sensed river flow widths is also important. Recommended best practices include a proposed global parameter set for use when a priori information is unavailable. Using this global parameterization, AMHG discharge retrievals are successful for most investigated river morphologies (median RRMSE 33% of in situ gauge observations), except braided rivers (median RRMSE 74%), rivers having low at‐a‐station hydraulic geometry b exponents (reach‐averaged b < 0.1, median RRMSE 86%), and arid rivers having extreme discharge variability (median RRMSE > 1000%). Excluding such environments, 26–41% RRMSE agreement between AMHG discharge retrievals and in situ gauge observations suggests AMHG can meaningfully address global discharge knowledge gaps solely from repeat satellite imagery.
Decreasing the Energy Consumption of Memory Devices by Enhancing the Conjugation Extent of the Terminal Electron‐Donating Moieties within Molecules
Authors: Bo Rongcheng , Liu Hongzhang , Zhou Qianhao , Chen Dongyun , Xu Qingfeng , Li Najun , Li Hua , Lu Jianmei 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThree small organic molecules that contained a phenothiazine backbone and triphenylamine (TPA), carbazole (CZ), or anthracene (AN) as a terminal electron donor were synthesized and fabricated in ITO/organic film/Al sandwiched memory devices. The influence of the extent of conjugation in the three molecules on the performance of their corresponding devices was investigated and the results showed that all of the fabricated devices exhibited nonvolatile ternary WORM character, whilst the switch threshold voltages decreased on moving from TPA to CZ and AN, which is promising for low‐power‐consumption data storage. These results revealed that tailoring the extent of conjugation in the terminal electron donor in the D–A molecules could effectively optimize the device performance, in particular the switch‐threshold voltage, which could be instructive for the design of low‐energy‐consumption memory materials.
Self‐specific Optimism Bias in Belief Updating Is Associated with High Trait Optimism
Authors: Kuzmanovic Bojana , Jefferson Anneli , Vogeley Kai 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPeople learn more from new information when it leads to favorable future outlooks and thus can maintain optimism despite conflicting evidence. In two studies (N = 20 and 26), we investigated whether this optimism bias in belief updating is self‐specific by modifying a recently introduced learning paradigm. In each trial, participants had to estimate the probability of experiencing a negative future event, were then presented with the population base rate of that event, and were subsequently asked for a second, updated estimation. In half of the 88 trials with varying events, estimations were made for oneself, in the other half for a similar other. We tested whether the updates (differences between the first and second estimates) following undesirable base rate were lower than those following desirable base rates, and whether this difference was greater for self relative to other. In both studies, the overall results support the presence of a self‐specific optimism bias in belief updating. However, taking into account trait optimism (TO) as a moderator variable revealed that this was the case only in participants with high TO, whereas those with low TO showed optimistic belief updating for both self and other. In Study 2, we additionally controlled for possible misclassifications of base rate desirability. Taken together, the optimism bias in belief updating was demonstrated by a selective neglect of unfavorable information. A self‐specific influence of this bias in individuals with high TO may ultimately cause the impression of a more positive future outlook relative to others. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metalation Kinetics of the Human α‐Metallothionein 1a Fragment Is Dependent on the Fluxional Structure of the apo‐Protein
Authors: Irvine Gordon W. , Duncan Kelly E. R. , Gullons Meredith , Stillman Martin J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMammalian metallothioneins are cysteine rich metal‐binding proteins comprising, when fully metalated, two metal‐binding domains: the α‐domain binds with ${{\rm M}{{{\rm II}\hfill \atop 4\hfill}}}$S stoichiometry and the β domain binds as ${{\rm M}{{{\rm II}\hfill \atop 3\hfill}}}$S stoichiometry. While the fully metalated species have been widely studied, the metalation of the apoprotein is poorly understood. Key to a description of the metalation pathway(s) is the initial conformation of the apoprotein and the arrangement of the metal‐coordinating cysteines prior to metalation. We report the effect of the ill‐defined, globular structure of apoMT on metalation rates. In order to overcome the experimental limitations inherent in structural determinations of a fluxional protein we used a detailed analysis of the apo‐α‐metallothionein conformation based on the differential rate of cysteine modification with benzoquinone. The ESI mass spectral data show the presence of two distinct conformational families: one a folded conformational family at neutral pH and a second an unfolded family of conformations at low pH. The CdII metalation properties of these two conformationally distinct families were studied using stopped‐flow kinetics. Surprisingly, the unfolded apoprotein metalated significantly slower than the folded apoprotein, a result interpreted as being due to the longer time required to fold into the cluster structure when the fourth CdII binds. These results provide the first evidence for the role of the structure of the apo‐αMT in the metalation reaction pathways and show that cysteine modification coupled with ESI‐MS can be used to probe structure in cysteine‐rich proteins.
Sequential Analysis of Myeloperoxidase for Prediction of Adverse Events After Suspected Acute Coronary Ischemia
Authors: Koch Christian , Henrich Michael , Heidt Martin Clemens 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundMyeloperoxidase (MPO) plasma values predict major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in cases of acute coronary syndrome. The effect of serial testing in patients who are suspected for acute coronary ischemia is unclear.HypothesisWe hypothesize that sequential MPO measurement may improve prediction of MACE in patients with suspected acute coronary ischemia.MethodsThe present prospective observational study examined the prognostic significance of MPO in 917 patients with suspicion of acute coronary syndrome. Blood samples were taken at cardiac catheter laboratory admission and the day after coronary angiography. We recorded patients' mortality, the occurrence of cardiac ischemia, and repeated percutaneous coronary intervention through the next 6 months.ResultsMortality among patients with increased MPO plasma levels the day after coronary angiography was increased significantly (P < 0.01). Patients with MPO values above 306.3 pmol/L had a significantly higher incidence of 6‐month MACE (P < 0.0001) than patients with lower plasma values. Cox proportional hazards multivariate regression analyses revealed that MPO was an independent marker for MACE after suspected acute coronary ischemia (P = 0.048). However, MPO plasma levels at cardiac catheter laboratory admission showed no prognostic significance.ConclusionsIn patients with suspected myocardial infarction, MPO levels above 306.3 pmol/L measured 24 hours after onset of symptoms were independent predictors of 6‐month mortality and MACE.
Curcumin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles ameliorate adjuvant‐induced arthritis in rats
Authors: Arora R. , Kuhad A. , Kaur I.P. , Chopra K. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic and systemic inflammation, results in destruction of joints and cartilages. Effectiveness of curcumin has been established in a wide variety of inflammatory disorders, but its utility as a therapeutic agent is limited by its poor absorption, rapid metabolism and fast systemic elimination. To apprehend these limitations, we propose to use highly bioavailable curcumin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (C‐SLNs) for the treatment of RA.MethodsIn the present study, the protective effect of curcumin and its SLNs was evaluated in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)‐induced arthritis in rats.ResultsArthritic rats exhibited marked decrease in paw withdrawal threshold in Randall–Selitto and von Frey hair test along with decreased reaction time in hot plate. Arthritic rats also showed significant joint hyperalgesia, joint stiffness and increased paw volume along with marked decrease in mobility score. Arthritic rats showed a significant increase in blood leukocyte count, oxidative‐nitrosative stress, tumour necrosis factor‐α, C‐reactive protein, cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody levels and radiological alterations in tibiotarsal joint. C‐SLN administration (10 and 30 mg/kg), when compared with free curcumin (10 and 30 mg/kg), significantly and dose dependently ameliorated various symptoms of arthritis in rats, improved biochemical markers and preserved radiological alterations in joints of arthritic rats.ConclusionsThe current findings suggest the protective potential of curcumin‐SLNs in ameliorating CFA‐induced arthritis in rats through attenuation of oxido‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory cascade. Further, the results emphasize that SLNs are a novel approach to deliver curcumin into the inflamed joints and improve its biopharmaceutical performance.
Doing good by doing nothing? The role of social norms in explaining default effects in altruistic contexts
Authors: Everett Jim A.C. , Caviola Lucius , Kahane Guy , Savulescu Julian , Faber Nadira S. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe explore whether the known preference for default options in choice contexts—default effects—occur in altruistic contexts and the extent to which this can be explained through appeal to social norms. In four experiments, we found that (i) participants were more likely to donate money to charity when this was the default option in an altruistic choice context; (ii) participants perceived the default option to be the socially normative option; (iii) perceptions of social norms mediated the relationship between default status and charitable donations; and (iv) a transfer effect, whereby participants translated social norms they inferred from the default option in one domain into behavior in a second, related domain. Theoretically, our analysis situates default effects within a comprehensive body of social psychological research concerning social norms and the attitude‐behavior relationship, providing novel empirical predictions. Practically, these findings highlight that the way donation policies are framed can have an important impact on donation behavior: in our third study, we found that 81% donated half of their earnings for taking part in the experiment to charity when this was the default option, compared with only 19% when keeping the money was the default. Our work suggests that making use of default effects could be an effective tool to increase altruistic behavior without compromising freedom. © 2014 The Authors. European Journal of Social Psychology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conceptual and empirical confounds in the organizational sciences: An explication and discussion
Authors: Martinko Mark J. , Harvey Paul , Mackey Jeremy D. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryConfounding occurs when the definitions and measurements of constructs overlap. It is considered a fundamental flaw in both conceptualizing and testing relationships between variables. Although this logical and methodological error is well known, we argue that a significant amount of the published research and models of organizational behavior is undermined by definitional (i.e., conceptual) and subsequent measurement confounds. Throughout this article, examples of confounding are described. The article ends with a discussion of preventive measures that can be taken to reduce both the conceptual and measurement errors that result from confounding. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ebola Virus Disease: Preparedness in Japan
Authors: Ashino Yugo , Chagan-Yasutan Haorile , Egawa Shinichi , Hattori Toshio 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThe current outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) is due to a lack of resources, untrained medical personnel, and the specific contact-mediated type of infection of this virus. In Japan’s history, education and mass vaccination of the native Ainu people successfully eradicated epidemics of smallpox. Even though a zoonotic virus is hard to control, appropriate precautions and personal protection, as well as anti-symptomatic treatment, will control the outbreak of EVD. Ebola virus utilizes the antibody-dependent enhancement of infection to seed the cells of various organs. The pathogenesis of EVD is due to the cytokine storm of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the lack of antiviral interferon-α2. Matricellular proteins of galectin-9 and osteopontin might also be involved in the edema and abnormality of the coagulation system in EVD. Anti-fibrinolytic treatment will be effective. In the era of globalization, interviews of travelers with fever within 3 weeks of departure from the affected areas will be necessary. Not only the hospitals designated for specific biohazards but every hospital should be aware of the biology of biohazards and establish measures to protect both patients and the community. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1-5)
Osteocutaneous free flaps for mandibular reconstruction: systematic review of their frequency of use and a preliminary quality of life comparison
Authors: Moubayed S P , L'Heureux-Lebeau B , Christopoulos A , Sampalis J S , Letourneau-Guillon L , Bissada E , Guertin L , Harris P G , Danino A M , Ayad T 
Published: November 2014

AbstractObjectives:To determine whether the fibula free flap is the most frequently used osteocutaneous flap for mandible reconstruction, and whether it provides quality of life, depression and anxiety advantages.Methods:A systematic review of the public Medline database was conducted. Thirteen patients who underwent mandibular reconstruction at our hospital centre completed questionnaires to evaluate quality of life, depression and anxiety outcomes.Results:The most frequently used free flaps are those of the fibula (n = 982), radial forearm (n = 201), iliac crest (n = 113), subscapular system (n = 50) and rib–serratus (n = 7). In our patient population, there was a trend towards a better quality of life in those with a fibula free flap. However, patients in this group were significantly younger than patients with other flap types (p = 0.025). Patients with a subscapular system free flap were more depressed (p = 0.031); however, they had large through-and-through defects.Conclusion:The flap used most frequently in the literature is the fibula free flap. Comparative quality of life data are lacking, and homogeneous populations should be used to reach significant conclusions.
The activity of Natura from the perspective of sustainable development and of corporate social responsibility
Authors: Fabiano Sambiase Lombardi Marta , Camargo Leal Carla , Basso Leonardo F.C. 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss whether it is possible to reconcile the objectives of sustainable development (SD) with a company's socially responsible performance in the Brazilian Amazon. The relationship between the concepts of SD and corporate social responsibility (CSR) is presented.Design/methodology/approachThe case study method was used, based on the analysis of the Saboaria (soaps factory) of the Brazilian cosmetics company Natura.FindingsThe study demonstrated the coexistence and integration of both concepts, translated into strategies and practices of organizational management.Research limitations/implicationsThe fundamental limitation of the paper is that it is formed using secondary data, collected from the internet and printed media. Conducting further research using primary data, such as interviews or surveys with Natura's managers, Natura's consumers, or Natura's employees/community, and for a longer period to analyze the Natura Saboaria experience is necessary.Practical implicationsThe major implication for practice is that a sustainable strategy is necessary on a wide sense, not just in line with economic dimension.Originality/valueThis study integrates the literatures on SD and CSR to a series of business projects geared towards the sustainable use of the Amazon's resources, in pursuit of socially responsible behavior.
Impact of information technology certifications in Puerto Rico
Authors: Félix Rodríguez Orlando , Fernández Fernando , Soto Torres René 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine if the professional information technology (IT) in Puerto Rico has had an impact during the job search process, financial compensation and success in the industry, from the point of view of management, with the emergence of certification.Design/methodology/approachThe design used in this research was the cross‐sectional and not experimental. To analyze the data in this study the authors used descriptive and inferential statistical techniques.FindingsIn accordance with the views expressed by managers, IT professionals with experience are more likely to be selected during the recruitment process and achieve success in their industry compared to professional certification or degree. When managers evaluate the compensation of professionals, certification, academic degree or work experience do not significantly affect the attitude of managers.Research limitations/implicationsThe research questions were answered based on the views of managers about the phenomenon studied and did not consider the professionals themselves.Practical implicationsThe mechanisms for certification are expensive and tend to be time consuming. The results of this study provide practical benefits to IT professionals because they can be used as a reference.Originality/valueThe results of this research provide valuable information to industries, organizations or businesses and IT professionals in Puerto Rico because they may be used as a reference concerning Puerto Rico's IT industry.
The downsizing effects on survivors: a structural equation modeling analysis
Authors: Marques Tânia , Suárez‐González Isabel , Pinheiro da Cruz Pedro , Portugal Ferreira Manuel 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe extant scholarly research has been delving into several effects of downsizing, such as job insecurity, organizational commitment and innovative behavior. The purpose of this paper is to develop a model proposing organizational commitment as a mediator between job insecurity and innovative behavior. Downsizing survivors – or the individuals who remain when others exit a firm – may have higher job insecurity and lower organizational commitment post‐downsizing, thus lowering their innovative efforts.Design/methodology/approachThe authors collected 224 questionnaires from Portuguese employees and analyzed simultaneous relations with a structural equation modeling.FindingsThe analysis of mediating effects suggests that the lack of commitment is not a mediating construct between job insecurity and innovative behavior. However, downsizing directly affects both organizational commitment and innovative behavior.Practical implicationsThe innovative behavior seems to be directly affected by job insecurity, raising implications regarding the use of downsizing as a short‐term practice, without acknowledging the long‐term impact on organizational innovative capabilities.Originality/valueThe paper contributes by testing the moderating role of organizational commitment in the relationship between job insecurity and innovative behaviors.
Environmental human resource management and competitive advantage
Authors: Carmona‐Moreno Eva , Céspedes‐Lorente José , Martinez‐del‐Rio Javier 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the moderating effect of environmental human resource management on the relationship between firms' environmental management practices and competitive advantages of cost and differentiation.Design/methodology/approachCEOs of Spanish chemical firms were asked to respond to a questionnaire containing the measures of the study variables. The final sample consists of 94 firms and the hypotheses were tested using partial least square methodology.FindingsEmpirical evidence showed that companies with a high level of human resource environmental practices can benefit from the advantages in costs and differentiation derived from the implementation of pollution prevention technologies.Originality/valueFrom a theoretical standpoint, the paper discusses the moderating role of environmental human resource management practices in the relationship between pollution prevention technologies and economic performance. Empirically, it provides evidence of the role of human resource management practices and proactive environmental management practices in supporting competitive advantages of cost and differentiation.
Maria José Tonelli: rigor and relevance in research
Authors: Ibarreche Santiago 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThis paper is a conversation with Maria José Tonelli, conducted by Santiago Ibarreche, about her career as an Iberoamerican scholar.Design/methodology/approachInterview.FindingsThe interview explores Tonelli's career, her achievements and continued search for excellence in her institution, the IAM, and her country Brazil, as well as the way she has coped with life's demands.Originality/valueThe interview in this special section, A Life in Research, brings out an individual scholar's experience and history, not only as recognition of scholarly impact, but also as recognition of the person.