bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Undercurrent in Taiwan: Nationalism and Calculation of the Cross-Strait Relations (2002–2022)
Authors: Wang Austin Horng-En , Wu Charles K S , Chen Fang-Yu , Yeh Yao-Yuan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The literature highlights the conflicting trends between rising nationalism and stable preferences for status quo on cross-strait relations in Taiwan. This article provides new insights from the Taiwan National Security Survey (2002–2022, 14 waves, n = 16, 494) to help explain this apparent inconsistency. The surveys employed “conditional preference” items to capture how the cross-strait attitudes of Taiwanese people are shaped. Since 2002, Taiwanese identifiers have increased steadily, while dual identifiers have decreased. Most respondents still prefer the status quo, but there is a gradual rise in support for independence. Hypothetical scenarios reveal that a majority support independence if China will not attack and oppose unification if China and Taiwan differ economically and politically. Furthermore, the percentage supporting independence given China will attack is increasing, while the percentage supporting unification if China and Taiwan are similar has considerably decreased. Conditional preferences are influenced by perceived economic benefits from China and the military strength of China, Taiwan, and the United States.
Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Degraders
Authors: Sabakhtarishvili Giorgi , Alshebli Mouza , Bajwa Omer , Tabbara Imad A. 
Published: February 2025

Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a key enzyme involved in B-cell development and signaling, making it a crucial target in the treatment of B-cell malignancies, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. While BTK inhibitors (BTKi), such as ibrutinib, have been effective, resistance—both intrinsic and acquired—poses a significant challenge, often associated with BTK mutations like C481S. To address this, novel BTK degraders have been developed, leveraging proteolysis-targeting chimeras to selectively degrade both wild-type and mutant BTK forms. This approach offers a promising strategy to overcome BTKi resistance.
Agents such as NRX-0492, BGB-16673, NX-5948, NX-2127, HZ-Q1060, ABBV-101, and AC676 have shown significant BTK degradation in preclinical and early clinical trials. NRX-0492 demonstrated over 90% BTK degradation with sustained pharmacodynamic effects, whereas BGB-16673 achieved clinical responses in 67% of patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies. Similarly, NX-5948 and NX-2127 showed potent BTK degradation, with NX-2127, in addition, targeting immunomodulatory proteins, resulting in partial and stable responses in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients. HZ-Q1060, a preclinical candidate, displayed rapid and sustained BTK degradation in vivo. Early-phase trials of ABBV-101 and AC676 are also showing promising results.
These BTK degraders have demonstrated favorable safety profiles, with manageable adverse events, and offer a novel therapeutic avenue for patients with BTKi-resistant malignancies. As clinical trials progress, these degraders hold the potential to significantly enhance treatment outcomes, offering a new frontier in personalized cancer therapy.
Systematic Literature Review of Maternal Antibodies in Human Milk Following Vaccination During Pregnancy or Lactation: Tetanus, Pertussis, Influenza and COVID-19
Authors: Deese Jennifer , Schaible Kassandra , Massierer Daniela , Tingir Nguhemen , Fell Deshayne B. , Atwell Jessica E. 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Human milk (HM) contributes to infant disease protection through transfer of numerous bioactive molecules, including antibodies, though the mechanisms that determine HM antibody transfer and disease prevention in the infant are not fully understood. Even less is known about the transfer of, and infant protection afforded by, vaccine-induced HM antibodies following vaccination during pregnancy or lactation. This systematic literature review aimed to summarize published evidence on the presence, duration and function of HM antibodies against pertussis, influenza and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) induced by vaccination during pregnancy or lactation and the associated protection against infant illness and to identify gaps to guide future research in this area.

Methods:
Literature searches were conducted on September 15, 2023, in MEDLINE and Embase for articles published since January 2000.

Results:
Eighteen studies reporting vaccine-induced antibodies in HM or protection against infant illness were included. The collective evidence supports increased and sustained HM antibody levels following influenza and COVID-19 vaccination while antipertussis HM antibody levels remained elevated for only approximately 4 weeks postvaccination. COVID-19 booster vaccination during pregnancy was found to prolong the half-life of immunoglobulin G antibodies in HM relative to the COVID-19 primary vaccination series. Only 2 studies evaluated illness among breastfed infants born to mothers vaccinated during pregnancy; however, neither distinguished the independent effects of transplacental transfer of vaccine-induced antibodies, HM transfer of vaccine-induced antibodies and HM transfer of naturally acquired antibodies.

Conclusions:
HM antibody levels are increased following pertussis, influenza and COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy or lactation. However, the limited evidence base precludes conclusions about any incremental benefit of breastfeeding following vaccination during pregnancy versus the benefit of breastfeeding alone and studies designed to address this question are needed to inform vaccine policy.
Informing Maternal Immunization Trials: An Observational Study to Assess Background Rates of Maternal, Pregnancy, and Neonatal/Infant Outcomes
Authors: Hsiao Amber , Zerbo Ousseny , Hansen John , Timbol Julius , Lewis Ned , Li Se , Pu Wenji , Tullio Antonella N. , Klein Nicola P. 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Pregnant individuals have been historically excluded from clinical trials. To evaluate the safety of vaccines in pregnant individuals and their infants, more data on expected ranges of background rates of pregnancy-related outcomes of interest are needed. The objective of this real-world observational study was to assess background rates of maternal, pregnancy and neonatal/infant outcomes in pregnant individuals and their infants.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study of pregnant individuals and their infants using data from Kaiser Permanente Northern California from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2018. We assessed the incidence proportions of 17 maternal, 4 pregnancy and 10 neonatal/infant outcomes of interest, including eclampsia, preterm labor and stillbirths. Incidence proportions were stratified by maternal age group, race/ethnicity and insurance type.

Results:
There were 415,074 singleton pregnancies and 413,488 singleton live births included in the study. The most common adverse outcomes (>10%) were preterm labor, gestational diabetes, minor congenital anomalies, macrosomia and large for gestational age. The proportions for pregnancy-related hypertension, fetal asphyxia and preeclampsia were also relatively high (between 5% and 7%). Pregnant individuals (and their infants) in the youngest and oldest age groups, and those of Black race, had the highest proportions for nearly all outcomes.

Conclusions:
Overall, the proportions of the outcomes assessed were generally consistent with previously published literature of pregnant individuals and their infants in the United States (US). The study provides background rates of important maternal, pregnancy and neonatal/infant outcomes in a US population that may inform vaccine clinical trials and vaccine safety studies in pregnant individuals.
Impact of HIV Status on Group B Streptococcus Colonization and Antibody Responses in Serum and Vaginal Mucosa
Authors: Daniel Olwenn , Nalwoga Joannah , Kyohere Mary , Nsimire Sendagala Juliet , Imede Esther , Beach Simon , Barro Camille , Tharmarasa Thushani , Hall Tom , Cochet Madeleine , Tregoning John , Le Doare Kirsty 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Group B streptococcus (GBS) is a commensal bacterium of the digestive and genital tracts that can occasionally cause maternal and neonatal disease. GBS is particularly a burden in low-resource settings, where infections with HIV are also highly prevalent. This study investigates the impact of HIV status on GBS colonization and antibody levels.

Methods:
In Uganda, 90 nonpregnant women of childbearing age were followed for 3 months. Every 2 weeks, rectal and vaginal swabs were tested for GBS, and vaginal cups and blood were collected for measurement of GBS capsular polysaccharides (CPS) IgG using standardized assays.

Results:
Twenty-six of 90 women were living with HIV. Almost 51/90 women were GBS colonized at 1 or several visits. GBS colonization fluctuated in the rectal and vaginal sites. Most prevalent serotypes were Ia and III, with 33 individuals carrying different serotypes over time. Serum and vaginal CPS-IgG levels were stable over 12 weeks. In serum, for serotypes Ib–V, the geometric mean concentration (GMC) of CPS-IgG did not differ between HIV+ and HIV− participants. However, the GMC for serum CPS-Ia-IgG in the HIV+ group was 2.5 times lower than in the HIV− group (P = 0.038). Vaginal CPS-IgG was measurable in 5/26 (19%) HIV+ participants, and 32/64 (50%) HIV− participants.

Conclusions:
Despite fluctuating GBS colonization, antibody levels remained stable over 12 weeks. The level of CPS-Ia-specific IgG in serum was lower in women with HIV than in those without HIV. Vaginal CPS-specific IgG was not measurable in 81% of individuals with HIV.
Current Evidence in Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthosis Therapy for Patients with Stroke: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies
Authors: Kobayashi Eiji , Hiratsuka Kenta , Haruna Hirokazu , Kojima Nobue , Himuro Nobuaki 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Although knee-ankle-foot orthosis (KAFO) therapy is considered effective for improving functional mobility in patients with stroke, the certainty of the evidence remains unclear.

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the certainty of evidence of treatment effect of KAFO therapy, the methodological quality, and the current status of KAFO therapy in patients with stroke based on existing research.

Methods
Data from studies that examined the treatment effect of KAFO on functional mobility or activities of daily living in patients with stroke were searched on seven databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, CENTRAL, PEDro, WoS, and Igaku Chuo Zassi. The results were reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The overall status of KAFO therapy was summarized descriptively. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Methodological quality was assessed using the STROBE statement.

Results
Three observational studies were included in the analysis, but no random controlled trials (RCTs) were identified. The certainty of the evidence for treatment effect of KAFO therapy in stroke was very low. The included studies did not adequately control potential confounders. The treatment effects of KAFO therapy for different levels of lower-limb paralysis and those on walking ability outcomes remain unclear.

Conclusions
The lack of RCTs limits the evidence for the treatment effect of KAFO therapy in patients with stroke. This systematic review of observational studies highlights the low certainty of current evidence and identifies key areas for improvement in future research.

Clinical Relevance
This is the first systematic review of observational studies to elucidate current evidence of the treatment effect of KAFOs in patients with stroke. KAFOs may improve functional mobility and activities of daily living; however, the certainty of the evidence is very low, and high-quality trials are needed to establish the benefits of KAFO therapy for these patients.
Automated Technical Skill and Performance Assessment in Otology and Neurotology: A Scoping Review
Authors: Nwosu Obinna I. , Ota Mitsuki , Goss Deborah , Crowson Matthew G. 
Published: February 2025

Objectives/Hypothesis
This scoping review aims to provide an overview of existing semi-automated and fully automated methods for technical skill and performance assessment in otologic and neurotologic procedures.

Study Design
Scoping review.

Databases Reviewed
Ovid MEDLINE (PubMed), Ovid EMBASE, Web of Science Core Collection, and IEEE Xplor Digital Library.

Methods
A literature search was conducted according to PRISMA-ScR. Included studies were full-text articles that detailed an automated method of technical skill and performance assessment in otologic/neurotologic procedures. Extracted elements included general study characteristics (publication year, study objective, validity type, surgical procedure, and setting) and assessment approach characteristics (method of analysis, metrics assessed, source of metric data, degree of automation, and use of artificial intelligence [AI]).

Results
A total of 1,141 studies were identified from the literature search. After deduplication, title/abstract screening, and full-text review, 21 studies met the inclusion criteria. All but one of the included studies focused on mastoidectomy. Most studies assessed performance exclusively in VR-simulated mastoidectomy (n = 12) as opposed to cadaveric, 3D-printed, or live dissections. The majority of studies concentrated on establishing internal validity of their assessment methods (n = 13). Performance metrics were primarily obtained through motion analysis and final product analysis. Only a minority of studies used AI, which typically involved machine learning regression or classification to predict skill levels based on automatically extracted metrics.

Conclusion
This scoping review explores the developing landscape of automated technical skill and performance assessment in otology and neurotology. Though progress has been made in automating assessment in the field, most investigations are narrowly focused on performance in VR-simulated mastoidectomy and lack external validity evidence. AI and computer vision (CV), which have advanced automated assessment in other surgical fields, have been underutilized in assessing performance in otology and neurotology. Future work must explore the development and validation of automated assessment approaches across a wider range of otologic and neurotologic procedures. Incorporation of novel AI/CV techniques may facilitate real-time integration of automated assessment in a broader range of simulated procedures and live surgical settings.
Scoping review: Intervention for ocular motor disorders in children and adults with mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Chen Angela M. , Salzano Aaron D. , Burgher Allegra P. , Greenspan Lynn D. , Yap Tiong Peng , Theis Jacqueline , Liu Su-Hsun , Scheiman Mitchell , Roberts Tawna L. 
Published: February 2025

SIGNIFICANCE
Intervention strategies for post–mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) ocular motor disorders vary across disciplines and include watchful waiting, vestibular rehabilitation, vision rehabilitation/vision therapy, and optical intervention. However, evidence supporting their effectiveness is limited, highlighting the need for high-quality randomized controlled trials with standardized testing, diagnostic criteria, and reassessment of ocular motor function after intervention.

BACKGROUND
Ocular motor disorders occur frequently after mTBI.

OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to conduct a scoping review of interventions for mTBI-related ocular motor disorders in children and adults.

DATA SOURCES
The following electronic bibliographic databases were searched: PubMed, Embase, PEDro, OVID, Clinical Key, Google Scholar, and REHABDATA.

STUDY SELECTION
Intervention studies published in English between 2003 and 2024 involving mTBI participants who had an ocular motor assessment prior to intervention were included in this study.

DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines were followed for reporting. Study population, intervention, and outcomes were extracted and synthesized in tabular and graphical formats.

RESULTS
Sixty-seven eligible studies were included, with only three (4%) judged as low risk of bias. Intervention strategies included watchful waiting (n = 31, 46%), vestibular rehabilitation (n = 13, 19%), vision rehabilitation/vision therapy (n = 10, 15%), optical intervention (n = 4, 6%), and alternative interventions or multifaceted interventions (n = 9, 14%). Among the studies providing statistically supported results, improvements in one or more ocular motor outcome domains were reported in nearly 80% of the studies on watchful waiting (19/24) and 100% of the studies on vestibular rehabilitation (4/4), vision rehabilitation/vision therapy (7/7), or optical intervention (1/1).

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS
Although post-mTBI ocular motor deficits improved with watchful waiting strategy, vestibular rehabilitation, vision rehabilitation/vision therapy, and optical interventions, most studies had significant risk of bias. This review emphasizes the necessity for high-quality randomized controlled trials with standardized testing protocols and diagnostic criteria and reassessment of ocular motor functions after intervention to evaluate the effectiveness of these interventions in different age groups and recovery stages.
Network Medicine as a Tool to Enhance Regenerative Rehabilitation Practice
Authors: Iijima Hirotaka , Ambrosio Fabrisia 
Published: February 2025

Objective
The aim of the study was to demonstrate the utility of network medicine for enhancing regenerative rehabilitation approaches.

Design
We employed a scientometric approach to illustrate the scientific evolution of regenerative rehabilitation and network medicine over the past 20 yrs. We then present two exemplars of a novel application of network medicine, first to optimize the development of a multimodal rehabilitation program for osteoarthritis and, second, to demonstrate the potential utility of a regenerative rehabilitation protocol for neurological applications.

Results
The scientometric analysis revealed thematic clusters guiding the fields of regenerative rehabilitation, while also revealing a notable gap in the integration of advanced computational biology tools, such as network medicine. To address this gap, we applied a network medicine paradigm as a proof-of-principle in rehabilitation, demonstrating its ability to predict previously known combinational benefits of a multimodal rehabilitation protocol for osteoarthritis and potential of a regenerative rehabilitation protocol to enhance outcomes after stroke.

Conclusions
The trajectory of progress in regenerative rehabilitation has been defined by embracing new technologies and approaches. We propose that network medicine is a new frontier for the field. Toward the design of efficient and optimized clinical protocols, we anticipate that the network medicine paradigm may have broad applications in the field of rehabilitation, even beyond the examples presented here.
Soluble CD14 and IL-12p70 on early ART predict HIV load setpoint after treatment interruption
Authors: van Paassen Pien M. , Boyd Anders C. , Pasternak Alexander O. , Maurer Irma , Harskamp Agnes M. , Grijsen Marlous L. , Jurriaans Suzanne , Prins Jan M. , Kootstra Neeltje A. , de Bree Godelieve J. 
Published: February 2025

Objective
After analytical treatment interruption (ATI), viral rebound occurs in most people with HIV. The time to viral rebound (TTVR) is likely determined by the properties of the viral reservoir as well as the anti-viral immune response. Soluble biomarkers of immune activation may be predictive of TTVR and plasma viral load (pVL) setpoint after ATI. The objective of this study is to identify these soluble biomarkers.

Design
A retrospective biomarker analysis of the Primo-SHM trial who were treated 24 or 60 weeks during early HIV infection.

Methods
Thirty-five biomarkers were measured at ATI in 65 participants. Association between biomarkers and reservoir size, TTVR and pVL at setpoint was assessed.

Results
SCD14 correlated to pVL setpoint (B = 0.598; p = 0.004) and lower levels of IL-12p70 to a higher level of pVL setpoint (B = -0.448; p = 0.04). SCD163 correlated to levels of total HIV-DNA (B = 0.413; p = 0.007).

Conclusions
An increased pVL setpoint was associated with higher sCD14 and lower IL12-p70 at ATI and increased total HIV-DNA was associated with higher sCD163 at ATI. SCD14 and sCD163 are biomarkers of monocyte activation, while IL12-p70, produced by monocytes, is essential for inducing Th1 responses. This underscores the relation between immune activation and diminished immune control of HIV. Our findings indicate that sCD14 and IL-12p70 could serve as predictive biomarkers for favorable outcomes in cure interventions.
Safety and Feasibility of Early Extubation in Liver Transplantation: Experience in 1555 Patients
Authors: Lacom Conrad , Kothari Rishi P. , Mendez Nicholas V. , Galli Alessandro , Roll Garrett R. , Bokoch Michael P. , Legrand Matthieu , Adelmann Dieter 
Published: February 2025

Background.
Early extubation after liver transplantation can decrease cost and intensive care unit lengths of stay, but its adoption remains limited because of safety concerns. We assessed the feasibility and safety of early extubation at a liver transplant center with a high early extubation rate. We analyzed subgroups of high-risk patients, including high model for end-stage liver disease-sodium (MELD-Na) score, high intraoperative blood loss, and patients undergoing simultaneous liver-kidney transplantation.

Methods.
We included all adult liver transplantations performed at a single center between June 2012 and July 2022. Patients were divided into 2 groups: (1) those extubated early (ie, in the operating room or within the first hour of intensive care unit admission) and (2) those who underwent delayed extubation. The primary outcome was reintubation within 48 h after early extubation. Rates of early extubation were analyzed separately for quartiles of MELD-Na score and intraoperative blood loss.

Results.
Of 1555 patients, 969 (62%) were extubated early. Of these, 31 patients (3.2%) required mechanical ventilation within 48 h postoperatively: 11 patients (1.1%) were reintubated for respiratory failure and 20 (2.1%) remained intubated after reoperation. There was no difference in postoperative pneumonia between the groups (P = 0.059). Early extubation rates inversely correlated with the quartiles of MELD-Na score and estimated blood loss. In the highest quartile for MELD-Na (>34) and estimated blood loss (>5 L), 34% of patients were extubated early.

Conclusions.
Early extubation of properly selected patients after liver transplantation is safe and associated with a low rate of reintubation, even among select groups of high-risk patients.