bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automating surgical procedure extraction for society of surgeons adult cardiac surgery registry using pretrained language models
Authors: Lee Jaehyun , Sharma Ishan , Arcaro Nichole , Blackstone Eugene H , Gillinov A Marc , Svensson Lars G , Karamlou Tara , Chen David 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
Surgical registries play a crucial role in clinical knowledge discovery, hospital quality assurance, and quality improvement. However, maintaining a surgical registry requires significant monetary and human resources given the wide gamut of information abstracted from medical records ranging from patient co-morbidities to procedural details to post-operative outcomes. Although natural language processing (NLP) methods such as pretrained language models (PLMs) have promised automation of this process, there are yet substantial barriers to implementation. In particular, constant shifts in both underlying data and required registry content are hurdles to the application of NLP technologies.

Materials and Methods
In our work, we evaluate the application of PLMs for automating the population of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STSs) adult cardiac surgery registry (ACS) procedural elements, for which we term Cardiovascular Surgery Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (CS-BERT). CS-BERT was validated across multiple satellite sites and versions of the STS-ACS registry.

Results
CS-BERT performed well (F1 score of 0.8417 ± 0.1838) in common cardiac surgery procedures compared to models based on diagnosis codes (F1 score of 0.6130 ± 0.0010). The model also generalized well to satellite sites and across different versions of the STS-ACS registry.

Discussion and Conclusions
This study provides evidence that PLMs can be used to extract the more common cardiac surgery procedure variables in the STS-ACS registry, potentially reducing need for expensive human annotation and wide scale dissemination. Further research is needed for rare procedural variables which suffer from both lack of data and variable documentation quality.
An RNA evolutionary algorithm based on gradient descent for function optimization
Authors: Wu Qiuxuan , Zhao Zikai , Chen Mingming , Chi Xiaoni , Zhang Botao , Wang Jian , Zhilenkov Anton A , Chepinskiy Sergey A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The optimization of numerical functions with multiple independent variables was a significant challenge with numerous practical applications in process control systems, data fitting, and engineering designs. Although RNA genetic algorithms offer clear benefits in function optimization, including rapid convergence, they have low accuracy and can easily become trapped in local optima. To address these issues, a new heuristic algorithm was proposed, a gradient descent-based RNA genetic algorithm. Specifically, adaptive moment estimation (Adam) was employed as a mutation operator to improve the local development ability of the algorithm. Additionally, two new operators inspired by the inner-loop structure of RNA molecules were introduced: an inner-loop crossover operator and an inner-loop mutation operator. These operators enhance the global exploration ability of the algorithm in the early stages of evolution and enable it to escape from local optima. The algorithm consists of two stages: a pre-evolutionary stage that employs RNA genetic algorithms to identify individuals in the vicinity of the optimal region and a post-evolutionary stage that applies a adaptive gradient descent mutation to further enhance the solution’s quality. When compared with the current advanced algorithms for solving function optimization problems, Adam RNA Genetic Algorithm (RNA-GA) produced better optimal solutions. In comparison with RNA-GA and Genetic Algorithm (GA) across 17 benchmark functions, Adam RNA-GA ranked first with the best result of an average rank of 1.58 according to the Friedman test. In the set of 29 functions of the CEC2017 suite, compared with heuristic algorithms such as African Vulture Optimization Algorithm, Dung Beetle Optimization, Whale Optimization Algorithm, and Grey Wolf Optimizer, Adam RNA-GA ranked first with the best result of an average rank of 1.724 according to the Friedman test. Our algorithm not only achieved significant improvements over RNA-GA but also performed excellently among various current advanced algorithms for solving function optimization problems, achieving high precision in function optimization.
The U.S. Capitol Grounds and Arboretum: an iconic landscape with a holistic approach to pest management
Authors: Mueller Emily , Naas Michael , Serock Katie , Westbrook Melissa , Kaufmann James 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The care and maintenance of managed urban greenspaces require integrated pest management (IPM) strategies that are best suited for their local conditions. The evolution of IPM for the public grounds of the U.S. Capitol and Congress provides a unique perspective into the distinct challenges in developing and implementing an overall plant healthcare program for the nation’s historical landscape. The Capitol Grounds and Arboretum (CGA) staff of the Architect of the Capitol are the stewards of this urban greenspace, located in the center of Washington D.C., and present an overview of their historical, current, and prospective IPM developments for urban landscape pest control. With the adoption of holistic, ecological-based pest management practices, successful IPM examples in 3 different landscape habitats on Capitol Hill—turfgrass lawns, urban forestry, and ornamental horticulture display beds—are described. Ultimately, a list of current programming and future opportunities for expanding ecological IPM practices best suited for solving the CGA’s unique landscape pest management challenges are summarized.
Impact of racial disparities in follow-up and quality of colonoscopy on colorectal cancer outcomes
Authors: Alagoz Oguzhan , May Folasade P , Doubeni Chyke A , Fendrick A Mark , Vahdat Vahab , Estes Chris , Ellis Travelle , Limburg Paul J , Brooks Durado 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The benefits of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programs rely on completing follow-up colonoscopy when a noncolonoscopy test is abnormal and on quality of colonoscopy screening as measured by the endoscopists’ adenoma detection rate. Existing data demonstrate substantially lower follow-up colonoscopy rates and adenoma detection rate for Black Americans than White Americans. However, the contributions of racial differences in follow-up colonoscopy and adenoma detection rate on CRC outcomes have not been rigorously evaluated.

Methods
We used established and validated CRC-Adenoma Incidence and Mortality (CRC-AIM) model as our analysis platform, with inputs from published literature that report lower follow-up colonoscopy rates and adenoma detection rate in Black adults compared with White adults (15% and 10% lower, respectively). We simulated screening with annual fecal immunochemical test, triennial multitarget stool DNA, and colonoscopy every 10 years between ages 45 and 75 years using real-world utilization of the screening modalities vs no screening. We reported lifetime outcomes per 1000 Black adults.

Results
Elimination of Black-White disparities in follow-up colonoscopy rates would reduce CRC incidence and mortality by 5.2% and 9.3%, respectively, and improve life-years gained with screening by 3.4%. Elimination of Black-White disparities in endoscopists’ adenoma detection rate would reduce CRC incidence and mortality by 9.4% and improve life-years gained by 3.7%. Elimination of both disparities would reduce CRC incidence and mortality by 14.6% and 18.7%, respectively, and improve life-years gained by 7.1%.

Conclusions
This modeling study predicts eliminating racial differences in follow-up colonoscopy rates, and quality of screening colonoscopy would substantially reduce Black-White disparities in CRC incidence and mortality.
Big Tech Acquisitions and Product Discontinuation
Authors: Gautier Axel , Maitry Robert 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The five largest firms by market capitalization, Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, Meta, and Microsoft have massively acquired companies during the last decades, mainly but not exclusively young tech startups. Interestingly, most of the acquired products are discontinued post-acquisition. In this paper, we have collected data on the acquisitions of the big techs for a period of 7 years spanning from 2015 to 2021 and we analyze the evolution of the acquired firms’ products post-acquisition. To analyze the decision to continue or not a product post-acquisition, we classify acquisition in four categories: products that are still offered under their initial brand name, products integrated in the acquirer’s ecosystem, products that are no longer available and products that are killed by the acquirer. We use these classifications to provide detailed information and statistics on the discontinuation decision of the acquiring firm and we run Probit estimation to explain their determinants.
The sound of lichens: ultrasonic acoustic emissions during desiccation question cavitation events in the hyphae
Authors: Boccato Enrico , Petruzzellis Francesco , Bordenave César Daniel , Nardini Andrea , Tretiach Mauro , Mayr Stefan , Candotto Carniel Fabio 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Lichens are a mutualistic symbiosis between a fungus and one or more photosynthetic partners. They are photosynthetically active during desiccation down to relative water contents (RWCs) as low as 30% (on dry mass). Experimental evidence suggests that during desiccation, the photobionts have a higher hydration level than the surrounding fungal pseudo-tissues. Explosive cavitation events in the hyphae might cause water movements towards the photobionts. This hypothesis was tested in two foliose lichens by measurements of ultrasonic acoustic emissions (UAEs), a method commonly used in vascular plants but never in lichens, and by measurements of PSII efficiency, water potential, and RWC. Thallus structural changes were characterized by low-temperature scanning electron microscopy. The thalli were silent between 380% and 30% RWCs, when explosive cavitation events should cause movements of liquid water. Nevertheless, the thalli emitted UAEs at ~5% RWC. Accordingly, the medullary hyphae were partially shrunken at ~15% RWC, whereas they were completely shrunken at &lt;5% RWC. These results do not support the hypothesis of hyphal cavitation and suggest that the UAEs originate from structural changes at hyphal level. The shrinking of hyphae is proposed as an adaptation to avoid cell damage at very low RWCs.
Competitive exclusion products as an antimicrobial alternative to control Salmonella Heidelberg in broilers
Authors: Kolososki Isis M M , Saraiva Mauro M S , Nascimento Camila F , Campos Isabella C , Lima Túlio S , Ferreira Viviane A , Rabelo André L C , Almeida Adriana M , Berchieri Junior Angelo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Intestinal infections caused by non-typhoidal Salmonella spp., along with antimicrobial resistance spread are a major food safety concern worldwide. Here, we evaluate the potential of competitive exclusion products developed by anaerobic or aerobic conditions to control systemic infection, cecal colonization, fecal excretion, and improve the intestinal health in broilers challenged by Salmonella Heidelberg (SH). A total of 105 day-old chickens were randomly distributed into three experimental groups: A (untreated control), B (treated with anaerobic culture), and C (treated with aerobic culture). During 21 days, morphometric parameters of the small intestine were analyzed using microscopy, fecal excretions by cloacal swabs, systemic infection, and cecal colonization by colony-forming unit counts (CFU/g). The results indicated the lowest number of positive swabs (45.33%) recovered from Group C, followed by Group B (71.8%) and Group A (85.33%). The bacterial enumeration revealed the lowest amounts in Group C at the necropsy realized in 5-, 7-, and 14-days post-infection (DPI) (P = 0.0010, P = 0.0048, and P = 0.0094, respectively). Statistical differences between intestinal morphometrics were observed in the Group C at 21 DPI. Our results suggest that the product developed under aerobic conditions can improve intestinal health, protecting birds against SH.
Rectal cancer surgery
Authors: Toda Shigeo , Kuroyanagi Hiroya , Matoba Shuichiro 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Rectal cancer surgery has two major goals. One is to reduce the local recurrence, and the other is to preserve the organ function. To accomplish these goals, the most important principle of rectal cancer surgery is the total mesorectal excision (TME). Advances in surgical devices have facilitated a more accurate TME, which helps definite tumour resection and preservation of organ function. While preoperative radiotherapy followed by TME became the standard of care in western countries, lateral pelvic lymph node dissection (LPLND) has been established in Japan in order to reduce local recurrence. Recently some studies show that preoperative radiotherapy may not be sufficient for patients with lateral lymph node enlargement. Preoperative radiotherapy followed by TME and selective LPLND could be the optimal treatment option. In this chapter we describe the basic idea and the technique of rectal cancer surgery including TME and LPLND.
Cunningham's Manual of Practical Anatomy Vol 1 General Anatomy, Upper and Lower Limbs
Authors: Koshi Rachel 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Cunningham’s Manual of Practical Anatomy Volume 1 General Anatomy, Upper and Lower Limbs 17th edition covers all the gross anatomy competencies required by the National Medical Council of India curricula. Designed for students of medicine, dentistry, and allied health sciences, Volume 1 provides a guide to general anatomy and the anatomy of upper and lower limbs, including common anatomical dissections. The 17th edition includes new chapters on general anatomy, osteology, and surface marking, as well as bonus multiple-choice questions in the appendix. Following a logical structure, each chapter explains key knowledge expected of students. Each dissection begins with learning objectives which reflect current medical school teaching, and clear step-by-step instructions make it easy to follow in the dissection laboratory. Throughout the book, clinical application boxes and radiology images explain how anatomy relates to clinical medical practice. Highly illustrated, the updated full-colour artwork brings the friendly explanations to life. At the end of each part, multiple-choice questions allow students to quickly review their knowledge before checking the answers in the appendix. Packed with images and learning features, this text is designed to prepare students for the dissection laboratory, university examinations, and clinical practice.
The pectoral region and axilla
Authors: Koshi Rachel 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter on the pectoral region and axilla begins with a description of the surface features of this region: the scapula, the clavicle, the sternum, and the sternoclavicular joint. It describes the breast, and its location, structure, extent and deep relations, age-related changes, blood supply, and lymphatic drainage, as well as applied anatomy of the breast, and provides instructions on how to dissect the breast. It describes the boundaries and contents of the axilla. It gives detailed, stepwise instructions on how to dissect the axilla and display the brachial plexus and its branches, the axillary artery and its branches, and the axillary lymph nodes. It also provides instructions on how to clean and study the pectoralis major, clavipectoral fascia, serratus anterior, and other muscles and fascia bounding the axilla. Descriptions and dissections are well illustrated. Some clinical and surgical aspects of breast disease and examination and lymph node dissection are discussed.
The shoulder
Authors: Koshi Rachel 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The shoulder describes the shoulder region, including the shoulder joint, bones, surface features, muscles, vessels, and nerves of this region. The deltoid, subscapularis, suprascapular nerve, and axillary nerve are described, and instructions for dissection are provided. The quadrangular and triangular spaces are described, with their boundaries and contents. All descriptions and dissections are well illustrated. The internal and external features of the shoulder joint are described and illustrated with line drawings, radiographs, and magnetic resonance imaging. The ligaments strengthening the shoulder joint, and the coracoclavicular ligaments are described. The movements of the shoulder joint and the muscles producing them are tabulated. The clinical importance of scapular anastomosis and rotator cuff injury are discussed. The anatomical basis for injuries caused by intramuscular injections is outlined.
The nerves and nerve injuries of the upper limb
Authors: Koshi Rachel 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter summarizes the sensory distribution and motor distribution of the median nerve, ulnar nerve, musculocutaneous nerve, axillary nerve, radial nerve, subscapular nerve, thoracodorsal nerve, suprascapular nerve, and long thoracic nerve. Information that will help the student to predict the effects of nerve injury at each level along the course of the nerve is provided in the form of diagrams and tables. The effect of nerve injury on each of the joints is tabulated, with a description of whether the paralysis would be partial or complete. The sensory and motor distribution of the nerves is illustrated with diagrams. The neurological effects of cervical rib syndrome are discussed. The standard method for testing the integrity of myotomes C. 5, C. 6, C. 7, C. 8, and T. 1 is shown.
Surface marking of the upper limb
Authors: Koshi Rachel 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter demonstrates the knowledge and skills to mark the position of important structures of the upper limb on to the surface of the body. The surface marking of clinically important structures includes the cephalic vein, basilic vein, axillary artery, brachial artery, radial artery, ulnar artery, superficial palmar arch, deep palmar arch, axillary nerve, radial nerve, median nerve, ulnar nerve, and flexor retinaculum. Illustrations demonstrate the relevant bony and soft tissue landmarks, so readers can mark the structure on the surface of the body. The chapter outlines the surface marking competencies for the upper limb required in the National Medical Council of India curricula.
Osteology of the lower limb
Authors: Koshi Rachel 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Osteology of the lower limb outlines essential knowledge of bones: the hip bone (the ilium, ischium, and pubis), femur, patella, tibia, fibula, and bones of the foot (tarsal bones, talus, and calcaneus). The chapter enables readers to name each bone and determine its position in the body, identify the side to which it belongs, hold it in the anatomical position, describe the important bony features, and demonstrate important muscle attachments on the bone. For each bone, the text outlines: general features, bony landmarks and muscle attachments, unique features, applied anatomy, and exercises. The chapter outlines the osteology competencies for lower limbs required by the National Medical Council of India curricula.
The popliteal fossa
Authors: Koshi Rachel 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The popliteal fossa describes the popliteal fossa boundaries and contents. It lists the muscles and tendons forming the superolateral, superomedial, inferolateral, and inferomedial boundaries of the popliteal fossa, the structures forming the floor of the fossa, and the structures in the superficial fascia overlying the popliteal fossa. The tibial nerve, the common fibular nerve, and the cutaneous, muscular, and genicular branches given from these in this region are described. The popliteal artery giving the genicular arteries and the popliteal vein draining the short saphenous vein are described. Detailed, stepwise instructions are provided for dissecting this region. All descriptions and dissections are well illustrated. Some clinical anatomy of the popliteal artery is discussed.
Redshift evolution and covariances for joint lensing and clustering studies with DESI Y1
Authors: Yuan Sihan , Blake Chris , Krolewski Alex , Lange Johannes , Elvin-Poole Jack , Leauthaud Alexie , DeRose Joseph , Aguilar Jessica Nicole , Ahlen Steven , Beltz-Mohrmann Gillian , Brooks David , Claybaugh Todd , de la Macorra Axel , Doel Peter , Emas Ni Putu Audita Placida , Ferraro Simone , Forero-Romero Jaime E , Garcia-Quintero Cristhian , Gaztañaga Enrique , Gontcho Satya Gontcho A , Hadzhiyska Boryana , Heydenreich Sven , Honscheid Klaus , Ishak Mustapha , Joudaki Shahab , Jullo Eric , Kisner Theodore , Kremin Anthony , Lambert Andrew , Landriau Martin , Manera Marc , Meisner Aaron , Miquel Ramon , Nie Jundan , Palanque-Delabrouille Nathalie , Poppett Claire , Porredon Anna , Rezaie Mehdi , Ross Ashley J , Rossi Graziano , Ruggeri Rossana , Sanchez Eusebio , Saulder Christoph , Seo Hee-Jong , Silber Joseph Harry , Tarlń Gregory , Vargas-Magaña Mariana , Weaver Benjamin Alan , Xhakaj Enia , Zhou Zhimin , Zou Hu 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Galaxy–galaxy lensing (GGL) and clustering measurements from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument Year 1 (DESI Y1) data set promise to yield unprecedented combined-probe tests of cosmology and the galaxy–halo connection. In such analyses, it is essential to identify and characterize all relevant statistical and systematic errors. We forecast the covariances of DESI Y1 GGL + clustering measurements and the systematic bias due to redshift evolution in the lens samples. Focusing on the projected clustering and GGL correlations, we compute a Gaussian analytical covariance, using a suite of N-body and lognormal simulations to characterize the effect of the survey footprint. Using the DESI one percent survey data, we measure the evolution of galaxy bias parameters for the DESI luminous red galaxy (LRG) and bright galaxy survey (BGS) samples. We find mild evolution in the LRGs in $0.4 &lt; z &lt; 0.8$, subdominant to the expected statistical errors. For BGS, we find less evolution for brighter absolute magnitude cuts, at the cost of reduced sample size. We find that for a redshift bin width $\Delta z = 0.1$, evolution effects on DESI Y1 GGL is negligible across all scales, all fiducial selection cuts, all fiducial redshift bins. Galaxy clustering is more sensitive to evolution due to the bias squared scaling. Nevertheless the redshift evolution effect is insignificant for clustering above the 1-halo scale of $0.1h^{-1}$ Mpc. For studies that wish to reliably access smaller scales, additional treatment of redshift evolution is likely needed. This study serves as a reference for GGL and clustering studies using the DESI Y1 sample.