bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha with etanercept provides protection against lethal H1N1 influenza infection in mice
Authors: Shi Xunlong , Zhou Wei , Huang Hai , Zhu Hongguang , Zhou Pei , Zhu Haiyan , Ju Dianwen 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Factors implicated in influenza-mediated morbidity and mortality include robust cytokine production (cytokine storm), excessive inflammatory infiltrates, and virus-induced tissue destruction. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is an important pro-inflammatory cytokine present during influenza infection, but it is unclear whether direct inhibition of TNF-α can elicit protection against influenza infection.

Methods
In this study, the commercially available TNF-α inhibitor etanercept was used to inhibit TNF-α induced by lethal A/FM/1/47 (H1N1) influenza virus infection of mice. The effects of TNF-α inhibition on mouse survival, pathologic changes, immune cell infiltration, inflammatory cytokine secretion, Toll-like receptor expression, and activation of the NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B) signaling pathway were evaluated.

Results
The intranasal delivery of etanercept provided significant protection against mortality (30% of mice survived up to 14 days after infection) in mice treated with etanercept. In contrast, no survivors were found beyond 6 days in mice treated with saline after lethal challenge with H1N1 influenza virus. It was observed that etanercept significantly reduced inflammatory cell infiltration (for example, macrophages and neutrophils), inflammatory cytokine secretion (for example, interleukin-6, TNF-α, and interferon gamma), and expression of Toll-like receptors (TLR-3, TLR-4, and TLR-7). Etanercept also downregulated and inhibited the cascade proteins of the NF-κB signaling pathway (for example, MyD88, TRIF, NF-κB, and p65), as well as enhanced host control of virus replication.

Conclusions
These findings indicate that etanercept, by blocking TNF-α, can significantly downregulate excessive inflammatory immune responses and provide protection against lethal influenza infection, making its use a novel strategy for controlling severe influenza-induced viral pneumonia.
Proteomic risk markers for coronary heart disease and stroke: validation and mediation of randomized trial hormone therapy effects on these diseases
Authors: Prentice Ross L , Zhao Shanshan , Johnson Melissa , Aragaki Aaron , Hsia Judith , Jackson Rebecca D , Rossouw Jacques E , Manson JoAnn E , Hanash Samir M 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Background
We previously reported mass spectrometry-based proteomic discovery research to identify novel plasma proteins related to the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, and to identify proteins with concentrations affected by the use of postmenopausal hormone therapy. Here we report CHD and stroke risk validation studies for highly ranked proteins, and consider the extent to which protein concentration changes relate to disease risk or provide an explanation for hormone therapy effects on these outcomes.

Methods
Five proteins potentially associated with CHD (beta-2 microglobulin (B2M), alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 (ORM1), thrombospondin-1(THBS1), complement factor D pre-protein (CFD), and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP1)) and five potentially associated with stroke (B2M, IGFBP2, IGFBP4, IGFBP6, and hemopexin (HPX)) had high discovery phase significance level ranking and an available ELISA assay, and were included in case-control validation studies within the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) hormone therapy trials. Protein concentrations, at baseline and 1 year following randomization, were assessed for 358 CHD cases and 362 stroke cases, along with corresponding disease-free controls. Disease association, and mediation of estrogen-alone and estrogen plus progestin effects on CHD and stroke risk, were assessed using logistic regression.

Results
B2M, THBS1, and CFD were confirmed (P <0.05) as novel CHD risk markers, and B2M, IGFBP2, and IGFBP4 were confirmed as novel stroke disease risk markers, while the assay for HPX proved to be unreliable. The change from baseline to 1 year in B2M was associated (P <0.05) with subsequent stroke risk, and trended similarly with subsequent CHD risk. Change from baseline to 1 year in IGFBP1 was also associated with CHD risk, and this change provided evidence of hormone therapy effect mediation.

Conclusions
Plasma B2M is confirmed to be an informative risk marker for both CHD and stroke. The B2M increase experienced by women during the first year of hormone therapy trial participation conveys cardiovascular disease risk. The increase in IGFBP1 similarly conveys CHD risk, and the magnitude of the IGFBP1 increase following hormone therapy may be a mediator of hormone therapy effects. Plasma THBS1 and CFD are confirmed as CHD risk markers, and plasma IGFBP4 and IGFBP2 are confirmed as stroke risk markers.

Clinical trials registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00000611
Mass Spectrometric Detection of Alkanes Using NO+ Chemical Ionization in Proton-transfer-reaction Plus Switchable Reagent Ion Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Inomata Satoshi , Tanimoto Hiroshi , Yamada Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The detection properties of alkanes by proton-transfer-reaction plus switchable reagent ion mass spectrometry (PTR + SRI-MS) were investigated. Alkanes (RH) were commonly detected as R+ by PTR + SRI-MS using NO+ as the reagent ion, and detection sensitivities were comparable to those of aromatics observed by H3O+ ionization. It can be concluded that sensitive online measurement of multiple alkanes is possible by PTR + SRI-MS using NO+ as the reagent ion.
N-Aminomethylation vs. C-Aminomethylation of Indole and Pyrrole with an N,O-Acetal Controlled by the Hardness of a Counter Ion of an Iminium Compound
Authors: Sakai Norio , Okano Hidetoshi , Shimamura Kazuyori , Konakahara Takeo 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Under relatively strong Lewis acidic conditions (a softer counter ion) using TMSOTf and TMSI, the aminomethylation of indole or pyrrole with a typical N,O-acetal preferentially produced the kinetically favored N-aminomethylated indole or pyrrole derivative. Use of a relatively weak Lewis acid (a harder counter ion), such as TMSCl and TMSBr, preferentially produced the thermodynamically favored C-aminomethylated indole and pyrrole derivative.
Research on Theoretical and Methodological Basis of Cross-Cultural Communication
Authors: Чертовских  , Chertovskikh Olga 
Published: December 2013

The theoretical and methodological basis of cross-cultural communication in the modern world has been considered and investigated in this paper. The need of cross-cultural communication concept introduction in educational process on English has been revealed. Purposes and problems related to studying of cross-cultural communication in the modern globalized
society have been defined.

Cross-cultural communication (CCC) is the process of intercourse between
representatives of different peoples, e.g. different languages and cultures.
This kind of intercourse exactly can be called as cross-cultural dialogue.
The main objective of such dialogue is forming a bilingual personality. CCC assumes equal cultural interaction of representatives of various linguo-culture communities, taking into account their distinctive character and originality that results in need of universal identification on the basis of foreign-language and own cultures comparison.
In the course of analysis related to theoretical and methodological papers devoted to the problem of cross-cultural communication the main components of CCC course have been revealed.

The conducted research has confirmed the need of studying not only foreign languages, but also cultures of other people, their customs, traditions, standards of behavior. It is defined by that now the process of cultures consolidation has captured various spheres of all countries’ public life.
Specific Features of Symbolist Metaphor Communicative Function
Authors: Сергеев  , Sergeev Oleg 
Published: December 2013

An overview related to opuses of Feodor Sologub, a symbolist writer, who is

very popular in Russia as well as over the world, is made in this paper. The

paper’s main task is a study of Christmas story specificity. Two histories of

two personages as parallel narrative structures are considered. A close-up

view of fable features related to Sologub´s prose are shown. In this story

reflections about Christmas miracle are combined with analysis related to

sincere and spiritual orders of central personages. The methodological connection between symbolism and classicism is established in this paper. This

feature of Russian symbolism is noted for the first time in literary criticism.

In the center of paper author’s attention is an originality of a symbolist meta-
phor which is considered not only as tracks but also as a communication

element between heroes of the story.
Problems of protection of participants in labor relations
Authors: Мазин  , Mazin Alyeksandr 
Published: December 2013

All economic entities require protection. The problem of insufficient protection
of Russian employees and employers is particularly relevant. The employee is
protected from dismissal and bullying, first of all, by his/her usefulness to the
employer and competitiveness on the labour market. The security of the
employee is enhanced by such components of his human capital as education,
skill, work experience, reputation, potential of mobility, etc.
Formal institutions called to protect employees in Russia are not sufficiently
effective. Informal institutions (traditions, customs, habits), being deeply
authoritarian, suppose a high degree of personal dependence of the employee.
As a result, in the new private sector, especially in small business, the majority
of employees have almost no rights. The people working in the public sector
enjoy greater social protection, but less security against poverty. Particularly
poorly protected on the labour market are older people and disabled persons.
The employer also requires protection against bad workmen who can cheat him
at hiring and during work, abuse position, steal, blackmail, sell important
information to competitors. The risks of investing in the improvement of
employees’ professional skills is great. This article lists the factors allowing to
reduce the risk of good workers being enticed away by competitors. Some
conclusions are confirmed by the results of the sociological research conducted
by the author in 2003, 2010 and 2011.
The main reason for vulnerability of the subjects of labour relations, in addition
to their possible lack of competitiveness, lies in the shortcomings of the
institutional environment which governs these relations.
Analysis of the business climate in the modern Pakistan
Authors: Уэйт  , Waite Jason , Палей  , Pahl Kurt , Хеберт  , Hebert Celeste , Мехтабдин  , Mehtabdin Khalid , Кочиэн  , Kochian Andrew 
Published: December 2013

The business climate which the organization faces is investigated, considering
possibility of business in modern Pakistan. The study includes risks and
opportunities found from both an economic, political, and cultural perspective.
Doing business in Pakistan has become a risky endeavour because of
environmental factors, which are due to the geopolitical situation around the
region. What we have discovered through our SWOT analysis is that Pakistan’s
business sector has many threats and opportunities, and the hostility in the
region is perhaps the greatest threat to both the country and its ability to
conduct business in a stable way. The hostile environment, coupled with
strained ties with America and other nations, such as India, will make business
in Pakistan a difficult ordeal. If Pakistan wants to create growth opportunities in
the business sector, it has to cease the support of terrorists, make peace with
India, and enhance their political standing as a democratic state to create
opportunities for entrepreneurs. Education has to be given the utmost priority in
order to create these entrepreneurs for the business sector.
Current approaches to the assessment of management in the organization
Authors: Кальянов  , Kalyanov Aleksandr , Лунёва  , Luneva Anna 
Published: December 2013

It is proved that the economic activities of any organization is carried out in
a social environment, so managers, entrepreneurs need to evaluate the
usefulness of their actions, not only from the point of view of common sense,
and morality. In the modern organization management position undoubtedly
plays a crucial role in making decisions that have to be combined as commercial
(business) standards of conduct and ethics.
PRINCIPLES OF FORMATION OF THE STRUCTURE AND CONTENT OF GEOMETRICAL GRAPHICS PREPARATION
Authors: ���������  , Guznenkov Vladimir , ������  , Yakunin V. 
Published: December 2013

Adoption of the federal state educational standards of higher education
of the third generation of implementing competence paradigm in education
is the basis for creating a new system of geometric-graphic preparation.
The formation of a geometric-graphic preparation. Geometric-graphic training
is defined as a basis for the study of general engineering and specialized disciplines.
Scientific knowledge of the theory of geometric modeling regulates
the organization and development of the full range of technical disciplines.
Considering the cycle of general engineering education from the standpoint
of integrity, it is necessary to determine the principles of geometric-graphic
knowledge as providing a basis for the development of the theoretical foundations
of general engineering and specialized disciplines. Pedagogical
principles - basic ideas, the observance of which helps to best achieve their
educational goals. Describes the general pedagogical principles of holistic
educational process: scientific, fundamental, linking theory with practice, systematic,
regularity and consistency, professional orientation, accessibility and
visibility. The implementation of these principles in their interaction reflects
the dialectics of the real process of geometric-graphic training objectives,
content, forms, and training tools. Compliance with these general pedagogical
principles for holistic educational process should improve the quality of
education even with reduced training hours for engineering disciplines.
First Record of Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart) (Diptera, Calliphoridae) in Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Ribeiro Antonia de Castro , Cardoso Debora , Lessa Cláudia Soares dos Santos , Moya-Borja Gonzalo Efrain , Aguiar Valéria Magalhães 
Published: December 2013

The present note reports the first record of Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart) in Southeastern Brazil, in the municipality of Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro. The collecting was conducted with Diptera traps using fresh fish as bait.
Primeiro Registro de Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart) (Diptera, Calliphoridae) no Sudeste do Brasil
Resumo. A presente nota relata o primeiro registro da espécie Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart), no Sudeste do Brasil, no Município de Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro. As coletas foram realizadas com auxílio de armadilhas para dípteros e a isca utilizada foi peixe fresco.
Ecological Roles of Coleoptera Associated with Carcasses in Caatinga
Authors: Santos Wellington Emanuel dos , Alves Ana Claudia Firmino , Farias Rodrigo Cesar Azevedo Pereira , Creão-Duarte Antonio José 
Published: December 2013

The ecological roles of Coleoptera fauna associated with pig carcasses exposed in a Caatinga area were examined. Tray, pitfall and modified Shannon traps were settled together to collect these insects during two seasons (dry and rainy). 4,851 beetles were collected, belonging to 19 families and 88 species. The most abundant ecological category was predator/parasite (72.7%), followed by omnivorous (15.1%), necrophagous (10.9%) and incidental (1.3%). Future researches on the biology of predator/parasite species are required to understand their possible forensic utility for postmortem interval estimate.
Papel Ecológico de Coleoptera Associados a Carcaças em Área de Caatinga
Resumo. O papel ecológico da coleopterofauna associada a carcaças de porcos em uma área de Caatinga foi examinado. Para captura desses insetos foram utilizadas armadilhas do tipo bandeja, pitfall e Shannon modificada, durante duas estações (seca e chuvosa). 4.851 coleópteros foram coletados, pertencentes a 19 famílias e 88 espécies. A categoria ecológica mais abundante foi predador/parasita (72,7%), seguida por onívoro (15,1%), necrófago (10,9%) e incidental (1,3%). Futuros estudos sobre biologia das espécies predadoras/parasitas são necessários para se determinar sua possível utilidade forense na estimativa do intervalo pós-morte.
Capões como Ilhas para Artrópodes no Pantanal
Authors: Aranda Rodrigo 
Published: December 2013

A configuração do habitat é um dos fatores que pode influenciar a distribuição dos organismos. O pantanal por apresentar mosaico natural de formações se enquadra para testar tais afirmações. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar se a distância e o tamanho de capões afetam a composição da comunidade de artrópodes testando a hipótese de que quanto maior e mais próximo o capão da mata ciliar, maior sua diversidade. Foram amostradas seis parcelas de 30 cm² em nove capões onde a serrapilheira e o solo foram coletados, acondicionados em sacos plásticos e posteriormente triados. Houve relação entre a composição da comunidade de artrópodes em relação à distância e o tamanho indicando que o pulso de inundação do último ano afetou de forma significativa a comunidade de artrópodes de solo em capões. O acompanhamento dos processos de recolonização dos capões é sugerido.
Capons as Island for Arthropods in Pantanal
Abstract. The configuration of habitat is one of the factors that influence the distribution of organisms. The Pantanal by presenting mosaic natural formations fit to test such claims. The present study aimed to evaluate the distance and size of riparian capons affect the community composition of arthropods tested the hypothesis that the higher and closer to the capon of riparian vegetation, the greater its diversity. We sampled six plots of 30 cm² in nine capons where the leaf-litter and soil were collected, placed in plastic bags and later sorted. There was a relationship between the composition of arthropod community in relation to distance and size indicating that the flood pulse of the last year significantly affected the community of soil arthropods in geldings. The monitoring of the processes of recolonization of the capons is suggested.
Identificação e Catalogação de Borboletas (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea e Papilionoidea) da Coleção Entomológica da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande
Authors: Dos Santos de Carvalho Ana Paula , Silva Gottschalk Marco , Barros de Morais Ana Beatriz 
Published: December 2013

Apesar de o Rio Grande do Sul ser considerado um dos estados mais bem inventariados em relação a borboletas, ainda existem lacunas sobre o conhecimento da distribuição de suas espécies. Uma dessas lacunas se encontra na região do extremo sul do estado, onde a maioria dos inventários não especifica a localidade exata da coleta dos exemplares. Nesse sentido, foram identificadas e catalogadas as espécies de borboletas depositadas na Coleção Entomológica da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG. Os 146 exemplares de borboletas depositados na Coleção Entomológica da FURG estão distribuídos em 36 espécies pertencentes às famílias Hesperiidae, Papilionidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae e Nymphalidae. Nymphalidae foi a família mais rica e que apresentou o maior número de indivíduos, enquanto Lycaenidae apresentou a menor riqueza e menor número de exemplares. As espécies mais representadas na Coleção foram Heraclides thoas brasiliensis (Rothschild & Jordan), Agraulis vanillae maculosa (Stichel) e Danaus erippus (Cramer).
Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea and Papilionoidea) Identification and Cataloging from the Entomological Collection of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande
Abstract. Although Rio Grande do Sul State is considered one of the best inventoried States in relation to the butterflies, there are still gaps in the knowledge of their species distribution. One of these gaps is in the southern extreme of the State, where the majority of the inventories does not specify the exact location where the specimens were collected. Thus, the species of the butterflies deposited in the Entomological Collection of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG were identified and cataloged. The 146 butterfly specimens deposited in the Entomological Collection are distributed in 36 species belonging to the families Hesperiidae, Papilionidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae and Nymphalidae. Nymphalidae was the richest family and had the highest number of individuals, while Lycaenidae had the lowest richness and number of specimens. The most representative species in the Collection were Heraclides thoas brasiliensis (Rothschild & Jordan), Agraulis vanillae maculosa (Stichel) and Danaus erippus (Cramer).
A Novel Biometric System Based Hand Vein Recognition
Authors: Boukhris Trabelsi Randa , Damak Masmoudi Alima , Sellami Masmoudi Dorra 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
As a reliable and universal biometric characteristic, hand vein identification has attracted many interested researchers. The hand vein identification system exhibits several excellent advantages in the biometric domain because it meets the increasing demand of accuracy and robustness. In this paper, we propose a new biometric recognition system based on hand vein features. The detection and extraction of the region of interest is based on Voronoi Decomposition. Furthermore, contrast enhancement is based on the Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) technique. Starting with the basic Gaussian Matched Filter (GMF) and its variant, we propose a new technique called the Improved Gaussian Matched Filter method (IMPGMF) surmounting the false detection of hand vessels with the traditional GMF. Feature points are then detected based on ending and bifurcation structures in the image map obtained with the proposed IMPGMF method and taken as signature for our biometric system. Then, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are used for the classification step. In the validation step, we used a 1500 hand vein image from the BOSPHORUS database. The Error Equal Rate is 0.01 % and the Area Under curve of the corresponding system is approximately 0.98, demonstrating a very high security level.
Influence of National Culture on Accounting Conservatism and Risk-Taking in the Banking Industry
Authors: Kanagaretnam Kiridaran , Lim Chee Yeow , Lobo Gerald J. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT
Using an international sample of banks and country-level indices for individualism and uncertainty avoidance as proxies for national culture, we study how differences in culture across countries affect accounting conservatism and bank risk-taking. Consistent with expectations, our cross-country analysis indicates that individualism is negatively (positively) related to conservatism (risk-taking) and uncertainty avoidance is positively (negatively) related to conservatism (risk-taking). We also find that cultures that encourage higher risk-taking experienced more bank failures and bank troubles during the recent financial crisis.
Data Availability: Data are available from the sources identified in the text.