bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Future Rx: optimism, preparation, acceptance of risk
Authors: Cathles Lawrence M. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The world contains the energy and mineral resources needed to sustain 10.5 billion (the level the world population is expected to reach in 2100) at a European standard of living for hundreds of centuries. Using physical and chemical principles to extrapolate from what we know, it is shown that the required resources are present, largely in the world's oceans. The environmental consequences of shifting to ocean supply will be positive, and a transition from fossil fuels to low carbon energy sources is provided by natural gas. The eventual steps required are big (thousands of nuclear reactors, country-size solar facilities in desert areas, large mining operations) and there are risks, but the risks are small compared with failing to meet the expectations of a growing world. The best course is to aim for success (all at European standard by 2113), accept and manage the risks of development, solving unforeseen problems as they arise, accept the transition to gas, and train and engage the best talents to prepare to tap the ocean's resources.
Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 Promotes Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Neointima Formation
Authors: Xiao Qingzhong , Zhang Feng , Grassia Gianluca , Hu Yanhua , Zhang Zhongyi , Xing Qiuru , Yin Xiaoke , Maddaluno Marcella , Drung Binia , Schmidt Boris , Maffia Pasquale , Ialenti Armando , Mayr Manuel , Xu Qingbo , Ye Shu 
Published: October 2013

Objective—
We investigated the role of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP8) in neointima formation and in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration and proliferation.

Approach and Results—

After carotid artery wire injuring, MMP8
–/–
/apoE
–/–
mice had fewer proliferating cells in neointimal lesions and smaller lesion sizes. Ex vivo assays comparing VSMCs isolated from MMP8 knockout and wild-type mice showed that MMP8 knockout decreased proliferation and migration. Proteomics analysis revealed that a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain–containing protein 10 (ADAM10) had lower concentrations in MMP8 knockout VSMC culture media than in MMP8 wild-type VSMC culture media. Western blot, flow cytometric, and immunocytochemical analyses showed that MMP8 knockout VSMCs contained more pro-ADAM10 but less mature ADAM10, more N-cadherin, and β-catenin in the plasma membrane but less β-catenin in the nucleus and less cyclin D1. Treatment of MMP8 wild-type VSMCs with an ADAM10 inhibitor, GI254023X, or siRNA knockdown of ADAM10 in MMP8 wild-type VSMCs inhibited proliferation and migration, increased N-cadherin and β-catenin in the plasma membrane, reduced β-catenin in the nucleus, and decreased cyclin D1 expression. Incubation of MMP8 knockout VSMCs with a recombinant ADAM10 rescued the proliferative and migratory ability of MMP8 knockout VSMCs and increased cyclin D1 expression. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analyses showed colocalization of ADAM10 with VSMCs and N-cadherin, and nuclear accumulation of β-catenin in the neointima in apoE
–/–
/MMP8
+/+
mice.

Conclusions—
MMP8 enhances VSMC proliferation via an ADAM10, N-cadherin, and β-catenin–mediated pathway and plays an important role in neointima formation.
EHR‐Based Medication Support and Nurse‐Led Medication Therapy Management: Rationale and Design for a Three‐Arm Clinic Randomized Trial
Authors: Persell Stephen D. , Eder Milton , Friesema Elisha , Connor Corinne , Rademaker Alfred , French Dustin D. , King Jennifer , Wolf Michael S. 
Published: October 2013

Background

Patients with chronic conditions often use complex medical regimens. A nurse‐led strategy to support medication therapy management incorporated into primary care teams may lead to improved use of medications for disease control. Electronic health record (
EHR
) tools may offer a lower‐cost, less intensive approach to improving medication management.

Methods and Results

The Northwestern and Access Community Health Network Medication Education Study is a health center–level cluster‐randomized trial being conducted within a network of federally qualified community health centers. Health centers have been enrolled in groups of 3 and randomized to (1) usual care, (2)
EHR
‐based medication management tools alone, or (3)
EHR
tools plus nurse‐led medication therapy management. Patients with uncontrolled hypertension who are prescribed ≥3 medications of any kind are recruited from the centers.
EHR
tools include a printed medication list to prompt review at each visit and automated plain‐language medication information within the after‐visit summary to encourage proper medication use. In the nurse‐led intervention, patients receive one‐on‐one counseling about their medication regimens to clarify medication discrepancies and identify drug‐related concerns, safety issues, and nonadherence. Nurses also provide follow‐up telephone calls following new prescriptions and periodically to perform medication review. The primary study outcome is systolic blood pressure after 1 year. Secondary outcomes include measures of understanding of dosing instructions, discrepancies between patient‐reported medications and the medical record, adherence, and intervention costs.

Conclusions
The Northwestern and Access Community Health Network Medication Education Study will assess the effects of 2 approaches to support outpatient medication management among patients with uncontrolled hypertension in federally qualified health center settings.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
: clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier:
NCT
01578577.
Cardiovascular Disease Hospitalizations in Relation to Exposure to the September 11, 2001 World Trade Center Disaster and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Jordan Hannah T. , Stellman Steven D. , Morabia Alfredo , Miller‐Archie Sara A. , Alper Howard , Laskaris Zoey , Brackbill Robert M. , Cone James E. 
Published: October 2013

Background
A cohort study found that 9/11‐related environmental exposures and posttraumatic stress disorder increased self‐reported cardiovascular disease risk. We attempted to replicate these findings using objectively defined cardiovascular disease hospitalizations in the same cohort.

Methods and Results

Data for adult World Trade Center Health Registry enrollees residing in New York State on enrollment and no cardiovascular disease history (n=46 346) were linked to a New York State hospital discharge–reporting system. Follow‐up began at Registry enrollment (2003–2004) and ended at the first cerebrovascular or heart disease (
HD
) hospitalization, death, or December 31, 2010, whichever was earliest. We used proportional hazards models to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (
AHR
s) for
HD
(n=1151) and cerebrovascular disease (n=284) hospitalization during 302 742 person‐years of observation (mean follow‐up, 6.5 years per person), accounting for other factors including age, race/ethnicity, smoking, and diabetes. An elevated risk of
HD
hospitalization was observed among women (
AHR
1.32, 95%
CI
1.01 to 1.71) but not men (
AHR
1.16, 95%
CI
0.97 to 1.40) with posttraumatic stress disorder at enrollment. A high overall level of World Trade Center rescue and recovery–related exposure was associated with an elevated
HD
hospitalization risk in men (
AHR
1.82, 95%
CI
1.06 to 3.13;
P
for trend=0.05), but findings in women were inconclusive (
AHR
3.29, 95%
CI
0.85 to 12.69;
P
for trend=0.09). Similar associations were observed specifically with coronary artery disease hospitalization. Posttraumatic stress disorder increased the cerebrovascular disease hospitalization risk in men but not in women.

Conclusions

9/11‐related exposures and posttraumatic stress disorder appeared to increase the risk of subsequent hospitalization for
HD
and cerebrovascular disease. This is consistent with findings based on self‐reported outcomes.
Agrostis griffithiana (Poaceae: Agrostidinae)—typification, a new synonym and an update of the distribution in India
Authors: PASZKO BEATA , PENDRY COLIN A. 
Published: October 2013

Agrostis griffithiana (Poaceae: Agrostidinae) is typified, fully described and illustrated, and its distribution in northeast India is elucidated. A new synonym is identified, its circumscription and taxonomy is clarified and discussed, especially in relation to the similar species A. pilosula and A. munroana.
Unrealized Potential: A Review of Perceptions and Use of Weather and Climate Information in Agricultural Decision Making
Authors: Mase Amber Saylor , Prokopy Linda Stalker 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis article reviews research on agricultural decision makers’ use and perceptions of weather and climate information and decision support tools (DSTs) conducted in the United States, Australia, and Canada over the past 30 years. Forty–seven relevant articles, with locations as diverse as Australian rangelands and the southeastern United States, ranging in focus from corn to cattle, were identified. NVivo 9 software was used to code research methods, type of climate information explored, barriers to broader use of weather information, common themes, and conclusions from each article. Themes in this literature include the role of trusted agricultural advisors in the use of weather information, farmers’ management of weather risks, and potential agricultural adaptations that could increase resilience to weather and climate variability. While use of weather and climate information and DSTs for agriculture has increased in developed countries, these resources are still underutilized. Reasons for low use and reduced usefulness highlighted in this literature are perceptions of low forecast accuracy; forecasts presented out of context, reducing farmers’ ability to apply them; short forecast lead times; inflexible management and operations that limit the adaptability of a farm; and greater concern with nonweather risks (such as regulation or market fluctuation). The authors’ main recommendation from reviewing this literature is that interdisciplinary and participatory processes involving farmers and advisors have the potential to improve use of weather and climate DSTs. The authors highlight important gaps revealed by this review, and suggest ways to improve future research on these topics.
Femoral Suspension Devices for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Barrow Aaron E. , Pilia Marcello , Guda Teja , Kadrmas Warren R. , Burns Travis C. 
Published: October 2013

Background: Cortical suspension devices are commonly used for femoral graft fixation during anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructive surgery. Adjustable-length fixation devices provide technical advantages over fixed-length loops but may be more susceptible to lengthening during cyclic loading. Hypothesis: Both fixed-length and adjustable-length femoral cortical suspension devices would withstand ultimate loads greater than those normally experienced by the native ACL and would prevent clinically significant lengthening during prolonged cyclic loading. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Mechanical testing was performed on 3 ACL graft cortical suspensory devices by use of an extended cyclic loading (4500 cycles at 10-250 N) and pull-to-failure protocol. Two adjustable-length devices were additionally tested with the free suture ends tied. Results: Total displacement after 4500 cycles of tensioning at variable loads (expressed as mean ± SD) was 42.45 mm (±7.01 mm) for the Arthrex TightRope RT, 5.76 mm (±0.35 mm) for the Biomet ToggleLoc, and 1.34 mm (±0.03 mm) for the Smith & Nephew EndoButton CL Ultra ( P < .001). The Arthrex TightRope reached clinical failure of 3 mm lengthening after fewer cycles (1349 ± 316) than the Biomet ToggleLoc (2576 ± 73) ( P < .001). The Smith & Nephew EndoButton did not reach clinical failure during cyclic testing. With the free suture ends tied, after 4500 cycles, the Arthrex TightRope had a significant decrease in lengthening to 13.36 ± 1.86 mm ( P < .037) There was also a significant difference in ultimate load between the TightRope (809.11 ± 52.94 N) and the other 2 constructs ( P < .001). Conclusion: The ultimate load of all graft-fixation devices exceeded the forces likely to be experienced in a patient’s knee during the early postoperative rehabilitation period. However, the adjustable-length fixation devices experienced a clinically significant increase in loop lengthening during cyclic testing. This lengthening is partially caused by suture slippage into the adjustable-length loop. Clinical Relevance: Adjustable-length ACL graft cortical suspension devices lengthen under cyclic loads because free suture ends are pulled into the adjustable loop. This may allow for graft-fixation device lengthening during the acute postoperative period.
Toxicological profile of small airway epithelial cells exposed to gold nanoparticles
Authors: Ng Cheng-Teng , Li Jasmine Jia’En , Gurung Resham Lal , Hande Manoor Prakash , Ong Choon-Nam , Bay Boon-Huat , Yung Lin-Yue Lanry 
Published: October 2013

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have diverse applications in the biomedical industry such as in diagnosis, labeling, delivering and sensing. Despite their prevalent medical use, nanotoxicity induced by AuNPs is still largely unknown. We have previously shown that AuNPs could exert cytotoxic effects on lung fibroblasts. In this study, we investigated the in vitro toxicological effects of AuNPs in small airway epithelial cells (SAECs) which are the first cells of contact for inhaled NPs and compared expression of metallothionein (MT), a reactive oxygen species scavenger, in SAECs and lung fibroblasts in vitro. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy study revealed cellular uptake of aggregates of AuNPs into the cytoplasm at the ultrastructural level. A significant increase in lipid peroxide as well as substantial DNA damage and cytotoxicity was observed in AuNP-treated cells. For MT expression, AuNPs induced down-regulation of the MT-1X isoform in SAECs, but up-regulation of the MT-1X and MT-2 A isoforms in MRC5 lung fibroblasts. The present study suggests that AuNPs could induce oxidative stress-related cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in SAECs.
The scale and evolutionary significance of horizontal gene transfer in the choanoflagellate Monosiga brevicollis
Authors: Yue Jipei , Sun Guiling , Hu Xiangyang , Huang Jinling 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
It is generally agreed that horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is common in phagotrophic protists. However, the overall scale of HGT and the cumulative impact of acquired genes on the evolution of these organisms remain largely unknown.

Results
Choanoflagellates are phagotrophs and the closest living relatives of animals. In this study, we performed phylogenomic analyses to investigate the scale of HGT and the evolutionary importance of horizontally acquired genes in the choanoflagellate Monosiga brevicollis. Our analyses identified 405 genes that are likely derived from algae and prokaryotes, accounting for approximately 4.4% of the Monosiga nuclear genome. Many of the horizontally acquired genes identified in Monosiga were probably acquired from food sources, rather than by endosymbiotic gene transfer (EGT) from obsolete endosymbionts or plastids. Of 193 genes identified in our analyses with functional information, 84 (43.5%) are involved in carbohydrate or amino acid metabolism, and 45 (23.3%) are transporters and/or involved in response to oxidative, osmotic, antibiotic, or heavy metal stresses. Some identified genes may also participate in biosynthesis of important metabolites such as vitamins C and K12, porphyrins and phospholipids.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that HGT is frequent in Monosiga brevicollis and might have contributed substantially to its adaptation and evolution. This finding also highlights the importance of HGT in the genome and organismal evolution of phagotrophic eukaryotes.
Upregulation of Wnt5a promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Bo Haiji , Zhang Shuhui , Gao Li , Chen Ying , Zhang Jing , Chang Xuejiao , Zhu Minghua 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the expression pattern, clinical significance, and biological functions of Wnt5a in pancreatic cancer.

Methods
Immunohistochemistry was performed to examine Wnt5a expression in 134 surgically resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma and adjacent normal pancreatic tissues. Associations of Wnt5a expression with clinicopathological factors and cancer-specific survival were analyzed. The effects of Wnt5a overexpression or silencing on the invasiveness and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of pancreatic cancer cells were studied. Silencing of β-catenin by small interfering RNA was done to determine its role in the Wnt5a-mediated tumor phenotype.

Results
The percentage of Wnt5a positive expression showed a bell-shaped pattern in pancreatic cancer tissues, peaking in well-differentiated carcinomas. The median cancer-specific survival was comparable between patients with positive versus negative expression of Wnt5a. Overexpression of Wnt5a promoted the migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells, whereas Wnt5a depletion had an inhibitory effect. In an orthotopic pancreatic cancer mouse model, Wnt5a overexpression resulted in increased invasiveness and metastasis, coupled with induction of EMT in tumor cells. Treatment with recombinant Wnt5a elevated the nuclear β-catenin level in pancreatic cancer cells, without altering the Ror2 expression. Targeted reduction of β-catenin antagonized exogenous Wnt5a-induced EMT and invasiveness in pancreatic cancer cells.

Conclusion
Upregulation of Wnt5a promotes EMT and metastasis in pancreatic cancer models, which involves activation of β-catenin-dependent canonical Wnt signaling. These findings warrant further investigation of the clinical relevance of Wnt5 upregulation in pancreatic cancer.
Identifying accelerometer nonwear and wear time in older adults
Authors: Hutto Brent , Howard Virginia J , Blair Steven N , Colabianchi Natalie , Vena John E , Rhodes David , Hooker Steven P 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Five accelerometer-derived methods of identifying nonwear and wear time were compared with a self-report criterion in adults ≥ 56 years of age.

Methods
Two hundred participants who reported wearing an Actical™ activity monitor for four to seven consecutive days and provided complete daily log sheet data (i.e., the criterion) were included. Four variables were obtained from log sheets: 1) dates the device was worn; 2) time(s) the participant put the device on each day; 3) time(s) the participant removed the device each day; and 4) duration of self-reported nonwear each day. Estimates of wear and nonwear time using 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes of consecutive zeroes were compared to estimates derived from log sheets.

Results
Compared with the log sheet, mean daily wear time varied from -84, -43, -24, -14 and -8 min/day for the 60-min, 90-min, 120-min, 150-min and 180-min algorithms, respectively. Daily log sheets indicated 8.5 nonwear bouts per week with 120-min, 150-min and 180-min algorithms estimating 8.2-8.9 nonwear bouts per week. The 60-min and 90-min methods substantially overestimated number of nonwear bouts per week and underestimated time spent in sedentary behavior. Sensitivity (number of compliant days correctly identified as compliant) improved with increasing minutes of consecutive zero counts and stabilized at the 120-min algorithm. The proportion of wear time being sedentary and absolute and proportion of time spent in physical activity of varying intensities were nearly identical for each method.

Conclusions
Utilization of at least 120 minutes of consecutive zero counts will provide dependable population-based estimates of wear and nonwear time, and time spent being sedentary and active in older adults wearing the Actical™ activity monitor.
Identification of genomic functional hotspots with copy number alteration in liver cancer
Authors: Hsiao Tzu-Hung , Chen Hung-I Harry , Roessler Stephanie , Wang Xin Wei , Chen Yidong 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Copy number alterations (CNAs) can be observed in most of cancer patients. Several oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes with CNAs have been identified in different kinds of tumor. However, the systematic survey of CNA-affected functions is still lack. By employing systems biology approaches, instead of examining individual genes, we directly identified the functional hotspots on human genome. A total of 838 hotspots on human genome with 540 enriched Gene Ontology functions were identified. Seventy-six aCGH array data of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumors were employed in this study. A total of 150 regions which putatively affected by CNAs and the encoded functions were identified. Our results indicate that two immune related hotspots had copy number alterations in most of patients. In addition, our data implied that these immune-related regions might be involved in HCC oncogenesis. Also, we identified 39 hotspots of which copy number status were associated with patient survival. Our data implied that copy number alterations of the regions may contribute in the dysregulation of the encoded functions. These results further demonstrated that our method enables researchers to survey biological functions of CNAs and to construct regulation hypothesis at pathway and functional levels.