bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early intervention and identification strategies for young people at risk of developing mental health issues: working in partnership with schools in Birmingham, UK
Authors: Palmer Colin J. , Connor Charlotte , Newton Benjamin John , Patterson Paul , Birchwood Max 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAimThis study explores the mental health needs of teachers and how these might impact on their capacity to provide early identification and intervention strategies to support their student's emotional well‐being.MethodThe present study surveyed a sample of UK teachers (N = 320) to explore the impact of work‐related stress on their mental health and their ability to provide early intervention support for their students.ResultsOur survey showed high levels of work‐related stress due to time pressures and excessive workloads; many teachers failed to seek help for their stress often due to stigmatic attitudes and fear of negative response by senior management. Such factors led some to withdraw from taking on extra responsibilities with regard to student support and to consider leaving the teaching profession altogether. Coping mechanisms included the use of alcohol and tobacco, with only a small minority receiving access to psychological therapies.ConclusionHigh levels of work‐related stress in teachers can have serious consequences for their mental health and impede their ability to provide effective early intervention support for their student's emotional well‐being. Improvements in mental health training for teachers and greater assistance for their own mental health needs are necessary.
Ecological interactions on macroevolutionary time scales: clams and brachiopods are more than ships that pass in the night
Authors: Liow Lee Hsiang , Reitan Trond , Harnik Paul G. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCompetition among organisms has ecological and evolutionary consequences. However, whether the consequences of competition are manifested and measureable on macroevolutionary time scales is equivocal. Marine bivalves and brachiopods have overlapping niches such that competition for food and space may occur. Moreover, there is a long‐standing debate over whether bivalves outcompeted brachiopods evolutionarily, because brachiopod diversity declined through time while bivalve diversity increased. To answer this question, we estimate the origination and extinction dynamics of fossil marine bivalve and brachiopod genera from the Ordovician through to the Recent while simultaneously accounting for incomplete sampling. Then, using stochastic differential equations, we assess statistical relationships among diversification and sampling dynamics of brachiopods and bivalves and five paleoenvironmental proxies. None of these potential environmental drivers had any detectable influence on brachiopod or bivalve diversification. In contrast, elevated bivalve extinction rates causally increased brachiopod origination rates, suggesting that bivalves have suppressed brachiopod evolution.
Can the cardiovascular family history reported by our patients be trusted? The Norwegian Stroke in the Young Study
Authors: Øygarden H. , Fromm A. , Sand K. M. , Eide G. E. , Thomassen L. , Naess H. , Waje‐Andreassen U. 
Published: August 2015

Background and purposeFamily history (FH) is used as a marker for inherited risk. Using FH for this purpose requires the FH to reflect true disease in the family. The aim was to analyse the concordance between young and middle‐aged ischaemic stroke patients' reported FH of cardiovascular disease (CVD) with their parents' own reports.MethodsIschaemic stroke patients aged 15–60 years and their eligible parents were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire. Information of own CVD and FH of CVD was registered. Concordance between patients and parents was tested by kappa statistics, sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and likelihood ratios. Regression analyses were performed to identify patient characteristics associated with non‐concordance of replies.ResultsThere was no difference in response rate between fathers and mothers (P = 0.355). Both parents responded in 57 cases. Concordance between patient and parent reports was good, with kappa values ranging from 0.57 to 0.7. The patient‐reported FH yielded positive predictive values of 75% or above and negative predictive values of 90% or higher. The positive likelihood ratios (LR+) were 10 or higher and negative likelihood ratios (LR−) were generally 0.5 or lower. Interpretation regarding peripheral arterial disease was limited due to low parental prevalence. Higher age was associated with impaired concordance between patient and parent reports (odds ratio 1.05; 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.09; P = 0.020).ConclusionsThe FH provided by young and middle‐aged stroke patients is in good concordance with parental reports. FH is an adequate proxy to assess inherited risk of CVD in young stroke patients.
Seizing control of epileptic activity can improve outcome
Authors: Chapman Kevin E. , Specchio Nicola , Shinnar Shlomo , Holmes Gregory L. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryIn epileptic encephalopathy, the seizures and interictal epileptiform activity create additional neurocognitive dysfunction beyond that due to the underlying etiology. Treatment leading to a reduction in seizures or interictal abnormalities may help improve neurocognitive function in these situations. The focus of our discussion is reviewing data that support the concept that treatment can impact outcome independent of the etiology in some cases.
Enzymatic characterization and gene identification of aconitate isomerase, an enzyme involved in assimilation of trans‐aconitic acid, from Pseudomonas sp. WU‐0701
Authors: Yuhara Kahori , Yonehara Hiromi , Hattori Takasumi , Kobayashi Keiichi , Kirimura Kohtaro 
Published: August 2015

trans‐Aconitic acid is an unsaturated organic acid that is present in some plants such as soybean and wheat; however, it remains unclear how trans‐aconitic acid is degraded and/or assimilated by living cells in nature. From soil, we isolated Pseudomonas sp. WU‐0701 assimilating trans‐aconitic acid as a sole carbon source. In the cell‐free extract of Pseudomonas sp. WU‐0701, aconitate isomerase (AI; EC 5.3.3.7) activity was detected. Therefore, it seems likely that strain Pseudomonas sp. WU‐0701 converts trans‐aconitic acid to cis‐aconitic acid with AI, and assimilates this via the tricarboxylic acid cycle. For the characterization of AI from Pseudomonas sp. WU‐0701, we performed purification, determination of enzymatic properties and gene identification of AI. The molecular mass of AI purified from cell‐free extract was estimated to be ~ 25 kDa by both SDS/PAGE and gel filtration analyses, indicating that AI is a monomeric enzyme. The optimal pH and temperature of purified AI for the reaction were 6.0 °C and 37 °C, respectively. The gene ais encoding AI was cloned on the basis of the N‐terminal amino acid sequence of the protein, and Southern blot analysis revealed that only one copy of ais is located on the bacterial genome. The gene ais contains an ORF of 786 bp, encoding a polypeptide of 262 amino acids, including the N‐terminal 22 amino acids as a putative periplasm‐targeting signal peptide. It is noteworthy that the amino acid sequence of AI shows 90% and 74% identity with molybdenum ABC transporter substrate‐binding proteins of Pseudomonas psychrotolerans and Xanthomonas albilineans, respectively. This is the first report on purification to homogeneity, characterization and gene identification of AI.DatabaseThe nucleotide sequence of ais described in this article is available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank nucleotide sequence databases under the Accession No. LC010980
Networks of home, travel and use during Hong Kong return migration: thinking topologically about the spaces of human–material practices
Authors: HUI ALLISON 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDespite acknowledgements that migration depends on human–material practices, research into migrant materialities has often focused on limited spatiotemporal frames and the relation of objects to (inter)personal concerns. Taking everyday interactions with materials as of inherent interest, I examine how thinking topologically about multiple spaces helps to trace migrants’ relationships to changing groups of objects. After introducing Mol and Law's concepts of regional, network and fluid space, I discuss three types of networks with diverse relations to them – networks of home, for travel, and of use. Though networks of home are important to migrants, and can remain intact while travelling across regions, they also demonstrate considerable fluidity when interacting with other networks, which themselves affect adaptation and everyday practices. Supported by examples from Hong Kong return migrants, I show how managing multiple material networks, each with multiple spatial relations, is central to being a migrant.
Hydrothermal Degradation Behavior of Y‐TZP Ceramics Sintered by Nonconventional Microwave Technology
Authors: Presenda Álvaro , Salvador Maria Dolores , Moreno Rodrigo , Borrell Amparo 
Published: August 2015

Different factors such as the characteristics of starting powders, their processing, the sintering technique and the final sintering temperature were assessed with the goal to improve the low‐temperature degradation (LTD) resistance of 3Y‐TZP materials without compromising on the mechanical properties. The degradation of hydrothermally treated specimens was studied by AFM, nanoindentation technique, micro‐Raman spectroscopy, and electron microscopy. 3Y‐TZP previously prepared in laboratory by colloidal processing, and sintered by microwave method at low temperature (1200°C) led to excellent mechanical and LTD resistance, as compared to dental restorations based on Y‐TZP commercial material. In the former, the presence of m‐phase was almost nonexistent even after 200 h of exposure to LTD conditions and the initial mechanical properties were maintained, giving 16 and 250 GPa mean values for hardness and Young's modulus, respectively. The influence of the fast‐technology by microwave heating is presented with a nonconventional sintering method to fabricate 3Y‐TZP ceramics for dental application with very high resistance against LTD and optimized mechanical properties.
Fluctuations in the extent of mangroves driven by multi‐decadal changes in North Atlantic waves
Authors: Walcker Romain , Anthony Edward Jamal , Cassou Christophe , Aller Robert Curwood , Gardel Antoine , Proisy Christophe , Martinez Jean‐Michel , Fromard François 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAimThe goal of the study was to quantify changes in the extent of mangroves since the mid‐twentieth century and to test the hypothesis that these changes are driven by ocean waves.LocationThe pristine 300‐km‐long coast of French Guiana, South America.MethodsWe produced time series of mangrove maps using archival remote sensing images. We retrieved significant wave heights (HS), mean wave periods (TM) and mean wave directions (θM) from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis products. We used complex empirical orthogonal function (CEOF) decomposition to extract the main mode of mangrove surface area (MS) variability and singular value decomposition (SVD) to test the relationships between MS and HS, TM and θM.ResultsThe leading mode of variability extracted from the CEOF decomposition of MS captured approximately 78% of the total auto‐covariance and revealed multi‐decadal fluctuations in MS that were on the order of 10,000 ha. The SVD results indicated that the multi‐decadal fluctuation in MS cross‐covaried with HS, TM and θM over the North Atlantic sector, particularly in the region immediately off the French Guiana coast that is remotely forced by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) during the winter season.Main conclusionsWe provide evidence based on linear statistics that variations in the extent of mangroves are driven by large‐scale, low‐frequency changes in North Atlantic waves that are related to the NAO. Such a relationship is hypothesized to operate through wave pounding, which alters the mud substrates on which mangroves thrive and which varies with the phase of the NAO. In addition to long‐term trends due to anthropogenic climate change, our results stress the importance of studying low‐frequency modes of climate variability to understand changes in the extent of mangroves.
On the concept of chorotype
Authors: Fattorini Simone 
Published: August 2015

AbstractRecent reviews of the meaning of the word ‘chorotype’ in biogeography have led to contrasting definitions and a confusion of concepts. This is because ‘chorotype’ has been used by different authors to express two different concepts: (1) groups of species with overlapping ranges (overall distributions) and (2) groups of species with a similar distribution within a certain area. To avoid confusion, I suggest the term ‘global chorotype’ be used to indicate a group into which species with similar ranges can be classified; and ‘regional chorotype’ be used for a group of species with similar distributions within a certain region. Although the global chorotype represents the world‐wide spatial responses of species to historical and environmental pressures, and does not vary with the area under consideration, a particular species might be classified into different regional chorotypes in different study areas.
Clinical Correlates of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in Pregnancy
Authors: Fisher Nelli , Saraf Sumit , Egbert Neha , Homel Peter , Stein Evan G. , Minkoff Howard 
Published: August 2015

The authors aimed to determine whether clinical findings of preeclampsia predict magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnosis of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). The course among preeclamptics/eclamptics with clinically suspected PRES with vs without MRI diagnosis of PRES was compared. Of 46 patients who underwent MRI (eight eclamptics, 38 preeclamptics), five eclamptics (62.5%) and four preeclamptics (10.5%) had confirmed PRES (P=.004). Patients with PRES were younger (26 years vs 31 years, P=.008) and had a higher prevalence of thrombocytopenia (33% vs 8%, P=.04), a greater prevalence of proteinuria (100% vs 61%, P=.04), and higher peak systolic and diastolic blood pressures (P<.05). As opposed to findings from previous reports, PRES was not seen uniformly among eclamptic women and was found in 10.5% of preeclamptics with clinical suspicion of PRES in this study. Given that no single or set of findings were reliable predictors of PRES, consideration for rigorous management of hypertension should be applied to all patients with preeclampsia and eclampsia.
Instigation of endothelial Nlrp3 inflammasome by adipokine visfatin promotes inter‐endothelial junction disruption: role of HMGB1
Authors: Chen Yang , Pitzer Ashley L. , Li Xiang , Li Pin‐Lan , Wang Lei , Zhang Yang 
Published: August 2015

AbstractRecent studies have indicated that the inflammasome plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. However, the pathological relevance of this inflammasome activation, particularly in vascular cells, remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the role of endothelial (Nucleotide‐binding Oligomerization Domain) NOD‐like receptor family pyrin domain containing three (Nlrp3) inflammasomes in modulating inter‐endothelial junction proteins, which are associated with endothelial barrier dysfunction, an early onset of obesity‐associated endothelial injury. Our findings demonstrate that the activation of Nlrp3 inflammasome by visfatin markedly decreased the expression of inter‐endothelial junction proteins including tight junction proteins ZO‐1, ZO‐2 and occludin, and adherens junction protein VE‐cadherin in cultured mouse vascular endothelial (VE) cell monolayers. Such visfatin‐induced down‐regulation of junction proteins in endothelial cells was attributed to high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) release derived from endothelial inflammasome‐dependent caspase‐1 activity. Similarly, in the coronary arteries of wild‐type mice, high‐fat diet (HFD) treatment caused a down‐regulation of inter‐endothelial junction proteins ZO‐1, ZO‐2, occludin and VE‐cadherin, which was accompanied with enhanced inflammasome activation and HMGB1 expression in the endothelium as well as transmigration of CD43+ T cells into the coronary arterial wall. In contrast, all these HFD‐induced alterations in coronary arteries were prevented in mice with Nlrp3 gene deletion. Taken together, these data strongly suggest that the activation of endothelial Nlrp3 inflammasomes as a result of the increased actions of injurious adipokines such as visfatin produces HMGB1, which act in paracrine or autocrine fashion to disrupt inter‐endothelial junctions and increase paracellular permeability of the endothelium contributing to the early onset of endothelial injury during metabolic disorders such as obesity or high‐fat/cholesterol diet.
Reductions in aggression and violence following cognitive behavioural anger treatment for detained patients with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Taylor J. L. , Novaco R. W. , Brown T. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundAggression is a significant problem amongst people with intellectual disabilities (ID), particularly those residing in hospital settings. Anger is related to aggression in secure services working people with ID, and the effectiveness of psychological interventions in reducing anger has been demonstrated in this population. However, no studies have systematically examined whether levels of aggression reduce following anger treatment with people with ID detained in secure settings.MethodThis programme evaluation study concerns individually delivered cognitive anger treatment delivered to 50 patients (44 men and 6 women) with mild to borderline ID, delivered twice weekly for 18 sessions in a specialist forensic hospital service. Aggressive incidents and physical assault data were obtained from records 12 months pre‐treatment and 12 months post‐treatment.ResultsFollowing completion of treatment, the total number of aggressive incidents recorded in patients' files fell by 34.5%, and the post‐treatment reduction in the number of physical assaults was 55.9%. Analysis of the data partitioned into 6‐month blocks over the 24‐month study period showed that significant reductions in aggressive and violent incidents occurred in the assessment intervals following anger treatment.ConclusionsThese findings reinforce the efficacy of cognitive behavioural anger treatment for detained patients with ID and histories of aggression; and despite its methodical limitations the study indicates the ecological validity of this treatment approach.
An Alternative Technique for the Fabrication of a Metal‐Reinforced Interim Implant‐Supported Fixed Prosthesis: A Clinical Report
Authors: AlHelal Abdulaziz , Baba Nadim Z. , AlRumaih Hamad 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDespite advancements in restorative materials and techniques, complications with implant‐supported fixed prostheses such as veneer fracture and material wear are very common and present with varying frequencies. Following these complications, repair of this type of prosthesis can be time‐consuming and costly even in the hand of experience clinicians. Several techniques have proposed using the existing framework to minimize the cost of the repair for the patient; however, while the repairs are being performed, the patient will have to either wear an interim complete denture or no prosthesis, which might cause some inconvenience to the patient. This article will present a technique for the fabrication of a metal‐reinforced interim implant‐supported fixed prosthesis for patients to wear while the existing prosthesis is being repaired.
A thiol‐disulfide oxidoreductase of the Gram‐positive pathogen Corynebacterium diphtheriae is essential for viability, pilus assembly, toxin production and virulence
Authors: Reardon‐Robinson Melissa E. , Osipiuk Jerzy , Jooya Neda , Chang Chungyu , Joachimiak Andrzej , Das Asis , Ton‐That Hung 
Published: August 2015

SummaryThe Gram‐positive pathogen Corynebacterium diphtheriae exports through the Sec apparatus many extracellular proteins that include the key virulence factors diphtheria toxin and the adhesive pili. How these proteins attain their native conformations after translocation as unfolded precursors remains elusive. The fact that the majority of these exported proteins contain multiple cysteine residues and that several membrane‐bound oxidoreductases are encoded in the corynebacterial genome suggests the existence of an oxidative protein‐folding pathway in this organism. Here we show that the shaft pilin SpaA harbors a disulfide bond in vivo and alanine substitution of these cysteines abrogates SpaA polymerization and leads to the secretion of degraded SpaA peptides. We then identified a thiol‐disulfide oxidoreductase (MdbA), whose structure exhibits a conserved thioredoxin‐like domain with a CPHC active site. Remarkably, deletion of mdbA results in a severe temperature‐sensitive cell division phenotype. This mutant also fails to assemble pilus structures and is greatly defective in toxin production. Consistent with these defects, the ΔmdbA mutant is attenuated in a guinea pig model of diphtheritic toxemia. Given its diverse cellular functions in cell division, pilus assembly and toxin production, we propose that MdbA is a component of the general oxidative folding machine in C. diphtheriae.
De novo analysis of the transcriptome of Pratylenchus zeae to identify transcripts for proteins required for structural integrity, sensation, locomotion and parasitism
Authors: Fosu‐Nyarko John , Tan Jo‐Anne C. H. , Gill Reetinder , Agrez Vaughan G. , Rao Uma , Jones Michael G. K. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryThe root lesion nematode Pratylenchus zeae, a migratory endoparasite, is an economically important pest of major crop plants (e.g. cereals, sugarcane). It enters host roots, migrates through root tissues and feeds from cortical cells, and defends itself against biotic and abiotic stresses in the soil and in host tissues. We report de novo sequencing of the P. zeae transcriptome using 454 FLX, and the identification of putative transcripts encoding proteins required for movement, response to stimuli, feeding and parasitism. Sequencing generated 347 443 good quality reads which were assembled into 10 163 contigs and 139 104 singletons: 65% of contigs and 28% of singletons matched sequences of free‐living and parasitic nematodes. Three‐quarters of the annotated transcripts were common to reference nematodes, mainly representing genes encoding proteins for structural integrity and fundamental biochemical processes. Over 15 000 transcripts were similar to Caenorhabditis elegans genes encoding proteins with roles in mechanical and neural control of movement, responses to chemicals, mechanical and thermal stresses. Notably, 766 transcripts matched parasitism genes employed by both migratory and sedentary endoparasites in host interactions, three of which hybridized to the gland cell region, suggesting that they might be secreted. Conversely, transcripts for effectors reported to be involved in feeding site formation by sedentary endoparasites were conspicuously absent. Transcripts similar to those encoding some secretory–excretory products at the host interface of Brugia malayi, the secretome of Meloidogyne incognita and products of gland cells of Heterodera glycines were also identified. This P. zeae transcriptome provides new information for genome annotation and functional analysis of possible targets for control of pratylenchid nematodes.