bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of Hamstring Strains in 25 NCAA Sports in the 2009-2010 to 2013-2014 Academic Years
Authors: Dalton Sara L. , Kerr Zachary Y. , Dompier Thomas P. 
Published: September 2015

Background: The epidemiology of hamstring strains among student-athletes has been extensively researched. However, there is a paucity of recent data describing patterns of hamstring strains. Purpose: To describe the epidemiology of hamstring strains in 25 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) championship sports. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Hamstring strains data were analyzed from the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program during the 2009-2010 to 2013-2014 academic years. Hamstring strain injury rates, rate ratios (RRs), and injury proportion ratios were reported with 95% CIs. Results: During the study period, 1142 hamstring strains were reported, leading to an injury rate of 3.05 per 10,000 athlete-exposures (AEs). Most hamstring strains occurred during practices (68.2%). However, the competition rate (5.24 per 10,000 AEs) was larger than the practice rate (2.56 per 10,000 AEs; RR = 2.05; 95% CI, 1.81-2.32). A slight majority occurred during the regular season (52.9%). However, the preseason rate (5.00 per 10,000 AEs) was larger than the regular season/postseason rate (2.34 per 10,000 AEs; RR = 2.14; 95% CI, 1.90-2.40). Men’s football, men’s soccer, and women’s soccer contributed the greatest proportion of hamstring strains (35.3%, 9.9%, and 8.3%, respectively). Most hamstring strains were due to noncontact (72.3%). Of all hamstring strains, 12.6% were recurrent, 37.7% resulted in a time loss of <24 hours, and 6.3% resulted in a time loss >3 weeks. Variations in hamstring strain patterns existed by sport. The hamstring strain rate was larger in men than in women in soccer (RR = 1.60; 95% CI, 1.22-2.11), baseball/softball (RR = 1.66; 95% CI, 1.07-2.59), and indoor track (RR = 1.88; 95% CI, 1.26-2.78). In addition, proportions of hamstring strains that were recurrent were higher among men in most sex-comparable sports, but this difference was not significant. Conclusion: Hamstring strain rates were higher in the preseason and in competition. Student-athletes should be acclimatized to the rigors of preseason participation. Meanwhile, further surveillance should investigate the effectiveness of prospective prevention programs in an effort to reduce the prevalence of initial and recurrent hamstring strain injuries.
Prophylactic antibiotics in open distal phalanx fractures: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Metcalfe D. , Aquilina A. L. , Hedley H. M. 
Published: September 2015

A systematic review was conducted on 30 December 2014 to determine whether prophylactic antibiotics reduce the risk of superficial infection and osteomyelitis following open distal phalanx fractures. Four randomized controlled trials (353 fractures) were suitable for meta-analysis. There was no statistically significant difference between rates of superficial infection in the two groups. This finding persisted when only the two most recent and highest quality trials were included. There were no reported cases of osteomyelitis in the pooled dataset, despite patients with 164 fractures not receiving antibiotics. These results fail to show any effect of prophylactic antibiotics on the rate of superficial infections following open distal phalanx fractures. The focus of treatment should be on prompt irrigation and debridement rather than administration of prophylactic antibiotics. Level of Evidence: I
Antenatal haemoglobinopathy screening: Patterns within a large obstetric service. Working towards a standard of care
Authors: Lavee Orly , Kidson-Gerber Giselle 
Published: September 2015

Background Antenatal screening can predict clinically significant haemoglobinopathies, however in Australia, practices are not standardised and are evolving as the population becomes more ethnically diverse. This study describes antenatal screening practices in a large Australian laboratory/antenatal service. Methods Data were collected retrospectively on consecutive antenatal haemoglobin electrophoresis over 16 months and correlated with obstetric data, obtained from the local obstetric database. Results 462 patients were included, with an average gestation of 25.8 weeks. ‘Pregnancy’ was the most common stated indication, with absent indication/clinical information in 8%. Gestational age was documented in 54%. In 15%, no contact details of the referrer were documented and partner screening was traceable in only 25 cases (5.4%). In 82% of cases, no abnormalities were detected. Beta thalassemia trait was the most common positive result. Only 52% of patients had recent iron studies. The mean haemoglobin was 111.6 g/L and mean cell volume was 80.5 fl at the time of testing. Ethnicity was documented on the request form in 3%. After Australasia, the most common ethnicity of patients was South East Asia and the Middle East. Conclusion Referral patterns in our health service are diverse and reflect our changing population and care practices. Detailed guidelines are required and we propose a comprehensive algorithm for general use where selective screening is practiced within an Australasian population or one with similar demographics.
Preconception counselling for women with acromegaly: More questions than answers
Authors: Assal Angela , Malcolm Janine , Lochnan Heather , Keely Erin 
Published: September 2015

Background and aims Approximately 174 pregnancies in acromegaly have been reported. Our objectives were to identify the key challenges of preconception counselling in this population. Methods Case series of three acromegalic women with desire for pregnancy. Issues were identified from chart review and discussion with attending physicians. Literature review of acromegaly and pregnancy was conducted. Results Important issues identified included: impact of acromegaly on fertility, management of acromegaly in the peripartum period, screening for associated conditions, risk of progression of acromegaly/tumour growth during pregnancy, impact of acromegaly on pregnancy outcomes, surveillance during pregnancy, method of delivery and impact on neonatal outcomes and breastfeeding. Conclusions Pregnancy can be safely achieved in patients with acromegaly. There is little evidence to guide recommendations around conception and pregnancy surveillance. Patients can be reassured that in most situations, pregnancy proceeds without complication and that medical treatment can be used during pregnancy if necessary.
Continuous Glucose Monitoring Versus Capillary Point-of-Care Testing for Inpatient Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Hospitalized in the General Ward and Treated With a Basal Bolus Insulin Regimen
Authors: Gómez Ana M. , Umpierrez Guillermo E. , Muñoz Oscar M. , Herrera Felipe , Rubio Claudia , Aschner Pablo , Buendia Richard 
Published: September 2015

Background: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) may improve the management of patients with type 2 diabetes hospitalized in the general ward by facilitating the detection of hyper- and hypoglycemic episodes. However, the lack of data on the accuracy and safety of CGM have limited its application. Methods: A prospective pilot study was conducted including 38 patients hospitalized in the general ward with a known diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and hyperglycemic individuals without a history of DM with a blood sugar of 140-400 mg on admission treated with a basal bolus insulin regimen. Inpatient glycemic control and the incidence of hypoglycemic episodes were compared between detection by CGM of interstitial fluid for up to 6 days and point-of-care (POC) capillary blood glucose monitoring performed pre- and postprandially, before bedtime and at 3 am. Results: No differences in average daily glucose levels were observed between CGM and POC (176.2 ± 33.9 vs 176.6 ± 33.7 mg/dl, P = .828). However, CGM detected a higher number of hypoglycemic episodes than POC (55 vs 12, P < .01). Glucose measurements were clinically valid, with 91.9% of patients falling within the Clarke error grid A and B zones. Conclusions: Our preliminary results indicate that the use of CGM in type 2 patients hospitalized in the general ward provides accurate estimation of blood sugar levels and is more effective than POC for the detection of hypoglycemic episodes and asymptomatic hypoglycemia.
Surgical fire caused by electrocautery in ambient air
Authors: Tan Zihui , Thong Sze Ying 
Published: September 2015

Introduction: The fire triangle comprises the ignition source, fuel and oxidizer which is necessary for the initiation of fire. Most surgical fires occur in an oxygen-enriched environment. We report a case of surgical fire in ambient air where an alcohol-based antiseptic was involved. Case report: A 20-year-old male diagnosed with left pleural empyema and respiratory failure, requiring emergent intubation and respiratory support, was brought into the operating theatre for decortication of the left lung. Shortly after induction, the patient desaturated despite 100% oxygen and lung recruitment manoeuvres. The surgical team decided to insert a chest tube emergently to drain the empyema to improve respiratory function. A non-functioning drainage catheter that was in situ was removed and placed on the operating table beside the patient. Skin was prepared using chlorhexidine gluconate 0.5% w/v in methylated spirit solution and iodine. Soon after, cotton drapes were used to cover the patient. After the initial incision for chest tube insertion, electrocautery was introduced. Smoke and a smell of something burning was immediately noted by the surgical team. The drapes were removed and the drainage catheter with a burnt tip was discovered beside the patient. The patient suffered second degree burns to his chest wall. Conclusion: Although it is more common for surgical fires to occur in an oxygen-enriched environment, this case highlights that without adequate precautions they can also occur in ambient air. Recognition that standard anaesthetic and surgical equipment can act as sources of fuel and vigilance for the circumstances that complete the fire triangle are key to the prevention of surgical fires.
Effects of viewing a preferred nature image and hearing preferred music on engagement, agitation, and mental status in persons with dementia
Authors: Eggert Julia , Dye Cheryl J , Vincent Ellen , Parker Veronica , Daily Shaundra B , Pham Hiep , Watson Alison Turner , Summey Hollie , Roy Tania 
Published: September 2015

Background: The purpose of the described exploratory study was to test proactive strategies for enhancing engagement and cognitive ability while diminishing dementia-related disordered behaviors of those diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. Study participants resided in an Memory Care unit of an assisted living community. Method: The researchers measured the effects of exposure to music and nature images on engagement using the Individualized Dementia Engagement and Activities Scale tool, on cognitive ability using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and on agitation using the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory. Result: The within-subject study design revealed that use of both music and nature images hold promise for reducing undesirable behaviors and improving engagement of residents. Conclusion: The authors suggest caregivers for those with Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias can effectively use nature images and music to improve engagement and reduce disordered behaviors, thus potentially enhancing quality of life for the care recipient as well as the caregiver while possibly reducing the costs of medications used to control dementia-related undesirable behaviors.
Utility of Intra-articular Hip Injections for Femoroacetabular Impingement
Authors: Khan Wahab , Khan Moin , Alradwan Hussain , Williams Ryan , Simunovic Nicole , Ayeni Olufemi R. 
Published: September 2015

Background: Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a condition that is becoming increasingly recognized as a common etiology of hip pain in athletes, adolescents, and adults. However, history and clinical examination are often inconclusive in reaching a diagnosis, while imaging often detects asymptomatic abnormalities. Treatment has traditionally been limited to surgery, with the role of conservative management remaining unclear. Purpose: To evaluate the utility of the intra-articular hip injection in the diagnosis and management of FAI. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed databases were screened in duplicate for studies published between January 1946 and January 2014. Search terms included femoroacetabular impingement, hip impingement, and intra-articular injection. Quality assessment using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) scale was completed for all included studies. Data evaluated included study design, study objectives, number of hips, injected product, duration of pain relief, and outcomes measured. Results: Our search yielded 8 studies involving 281 hips. Studies were categorized into diagnostic (4 studies), therapeutic (3 studies), and prognostic (1 study) applications. Patients with FAI and its degenerative sequelae obtained greater relief from diagnostic intra-articular hip injection than those without ( P < .05). The diagnostic intra-articular injection performed under ultrasound guidance was better tolerated than injections performed under fluoroscopic guidance (pain rating, 5.6 vs 3.0; P < .1). Intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid was the most effective at providing pain relief (in 23 patients), with significant improvements of functional outcome measures (Harris Hip Score, visual analog scale) present at 12 months. Pooled results with corticosteroid injection resulted in improvement in only 15% (9/60) of patients at 6 weeks. A negative response to intra-articular hip injection was a strong predictor for poor surgical outcomes. Conclusion: The results of this review suggest that (1) pain relief obtained from an intra-articular hip injection supports a diagnosis of FAI, (2) therapeutic relief at 12 months may be achieved, particularly with hyaluronic acid, and (3) a negative response to preoperative injections may predict poor short-term surgical outcomes. Additional large studies are required to build on the small number of studies included in this review, and further delineate the role of intra-articular hip injection in the management of FAI.
Patient-Centered Outcomes Following Thoracentesis
Authors: Argento A. Christine , Murphy Terrence E. , Pisani Margaret A. , Araujo Katy L. B. , Puchalski Jonathan 
Published: September 2015

Background: Pleural effusions impact over 1.5 million people annually in the United States and cause significant morbidity. Although therapeutic thoracentesis is associated with improvement in respiratory parameters, unanswered questions remain regarding its impact. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate patient-centered outcomes, the need for additional pleural interventions, and mortality in the 30 days following thoracentesis. Methods: This prospective observational cohort study was performed in a tertiary care academic medical center between December 2010 and December 2011. Adult patients referred for thoracentesis were offered enrollment. The following characteristics were evaluated both before and at 30 days postprocedure: dyspnea using modified BORG (mBORG), physical and mental quality of life (QoL) using the short form 12, and basic activities of daily living (BADLs). The primary outcomes included changes in these parameters 30 days after thoracentesis. Secondary outcomes included the need for additional pleural procedures and mortality within 30 days of the thoracentesis. Multivariable logistic regression was used for analysis. Results: Of the 284 patients who underwent thoracentesis, 80 (28.2%) died within 30 days of the procedure. Of the 163 patients comprising the analytical cohort, 35 (21.5%) patients required an additional pleural intervention within 30 days of the index procedure. Patients who survived more than 30 days following thoracentesis had a sustained improvement in dyspnea and mental QoL, but a minority had improvement in physical QoL or BADLs. Surviving patients demonstrated no significant associations between bilateral and unilateral thoracentesis, volume of fluid removed, or the etiology of the effusion (malignant vs nonmalignant) and improvement in QoL, dyspnea, and BADLs. Relative to nonmalignant etiology, the presence of a malignant effusion was strongly associated with the need for an additional intervention, yielding an odds ratio (95% confidence interval [95% CI]) of 16.92 (5.47-52.37). Patients with hepatic hydrothorax and infectious etiologies of their effusion were also likely to require additional pleural interventions. Conclusion: The majority of patients in this cohort demonstrated sustained improvement in dyspnea and the mental aspect of QoL 30 days following thoracentesis, independent of the etiology and regardless of the volume of pleural fluid removed. A minority experienced sustained improvements in the physical aspect of QoL and BADLs. Although 28.2% of patients died within 30 days, nearly 1 in 5 survivors required an additional pleural intervention. These results emphasize the significant clinical impact, morbidity, and mortality experienced by patients who undergo thoracentesis for pleural effusions.
Regulating billions of blood platelets: glycans and beyond
Authors: Grozovsky Renata , Giannini Silvia , Falet Hervé , Hoffmeister Karin M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe human body produces and removes 1011 platelets daily to maintain a normal steady state platelet count. Platelet production must be regulated to avoid spontaneous bleeding or arterial occlusion and organ damage. Multifaceted and complex mechanisms control platelet production and removal in physiological and pathological conditions. This review will focus on different mechanisms of platelet senescence and clearance with specific emphasis on the role of posttranslational modifications. It will also briefly address platelet transfusion and the role of glycans in the clearance of stored platelets.
Hypoxia-reperfusion affects osteogenic lineage and promotes sickle cell bone disease
Authors: Carbonare Luca Dalle , Matte’ Alessandro , Valenti Maria Teresa , Siciliano Angela , Mori Antonio , Schweiger Vittorio , Zampieri Gino , Perbellini Luigi , De Franceschi Lucia 
Published: September 2015

Key PointsIn SCD, recurrent vaso-occlusive crisis suppresses osteogenic lineage and activates osteoclasts. Zoledronic acid acting on both osteoclast and osteoblast compartments is a multimodal therapy to prevent SBD.
Novel Functionalized Selenium Nanoparticles for Enhanced Anti-Hepatocarcinoma Activity In vitro
Authors: Xia Yu , You Pengtao , Xu Fangfang , Liu Jing , Xing Feiyue 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSelenium nanoparticles loaded with an anticancer molecule offer a new strategy for cancer treatment. In the current study, anisomycin-loaded functionalized selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs@Am) have been made by conjugating anisomycin to the surface of selenium nanoparticles to improve anticancer efficacy. The prepared nanoparticles were fully characterized by transmission electronic microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that anisomycin was successfully conjugated with selenium nanoparticles. The size of particles could be effectively regulated through altering the reaction concentrations of sodium selenite and anisomycin. The SeNPs@Am particles (56 nm) exhibited the greatest capacity for cellular uptake. The further study showed that SeNPs@Am entered human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells in a dose or time-dependent manner via macropinocytosis and clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathways. SeNPs@Am significantly inhibited HepG2 cell proliferation with the low cytotoxicity against normal cells, and dramatically precluded the aggression and migration of HepG2 cells. It also arrested the cell cycle progression at the G0/G1 phase through the activation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors with inhibition of CDK-2 and ICBP90, and induced the cell apoptosis through activating the caspase cascade signaling in HepG2 cells, markedly superior to anisomycin alone. The findings indicate that SeNPs@Am may be a promising drug for hepatocellular carcinoma.
Low reproductive skew despite high male-biased operational sex ratio in a glass frog with paternal care
Authors: Mangold Alexandra , Trenkwalder Katharina , Ringler Max , Hödl Walter , Ringler Eva 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundReproductive skew, the uneven distribution of reproductive success among individuals, is a common feature of many animal populations. Several scenarios have been proposed to favour either high or low levels of reproductive skew. Particularly a male-biased operational sex ratio and the asynchronous arrival of females is expected to cause high variation in reproductive success among males. Recently it has been suggested that the type of benefits provided by males (fixed vs. dilutable) could also strongly impact individual mating patterns, and thereby affecting reproductive skew. We tested this hypothesis inHyalinobatrachium valerioi, a Neotropical glass frog with prolonged breeding and paternal care.ResultsWe monitored and genetically sampled a natural population in southwestern Costa Rica during the breeding season in 2012 and performed parentage analysis of adult frogs and tadpoles to investigate individual mating frequencies, possible mating preferences, and estimate reproductive skew in males and females. We identified a polygamous mating system, where high proportions of males (69 %) and females (94 %) reproduced successfully. The variance in male mating success could largely be attributed to differences in time spent calling at the reproductive site, but not to body size or relatedness. FemaleH. valerioiwere not choosy and mated indiscriminately with available males.ConclusionsOur findings support the hypothesis that dilutable male benefits - such as parental care - can favour female polyandry and maintain low levels of reproductive skew among males within a population, even in the presence of direct male-male competition and a highly male-biased operational sex ratio. We hypothesize that low male reproductive skew might be a general characteristic in prolonged breeders with paternal care.