bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the performance of asynchronous ad‐hoc networks using interference alignment with renewal process
Authors: Luo Yi , Du Huiqin , Xue J. , Ratnarajah Tharm , Wilcox Dave 
Published: September 2013

The performance of ad‐hoc networks is greatly affected by interference, particularly interference from nearby nodes. Based on stochastic geometry, this work studies a form of multiple‐input–multiple‐output (interference alignment (IA) that eliminates interference from transmitters within a range and treats the remaining interference as a shot noise process. Adapting to the bursty nature of ad‐hoc network traffic, the authors introduce a novel distributed ad‐hoc network with renewal process, whereby cooperation between interferer and receiver is implemented in one‐way process, which results from the difficulties for the node to change the beamforming or receiving matrix whereas communicating with a proposed transmitter. In addition, this scheme takes advantage of IA, leaving the desired signal with higher degree of freedom (DoF) compared with the partially zero‐forcing method. Outage probability and transmission capacity are derived with and without Rayleigh fading. Simulation results show the effect of IA in ad‐hoc network, including the incremental in the DoF of the desired signal as time goes by. Monte Carlo simulations are implemented and show that IA outperforms successive interference cancellation by at least 10 dB in terms of the signal‐to‐interference ratio with large path‐loss exponent.
Zwischen den Stühlen
Authors: Kaltz Barbara 
Published: September 2013

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Artikel werden zwei wichtige Arbeiten zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache in Frankreich vorgestellt, die beide in methodischer Hinsicht an Ferdinand Brunot (1860–1938) orientiert sind. Paul Lévy (1887–1962), der Verfasser der beiden Werke Histoire linguistique d’Alsace et de Lorraine (1929) und La langue allemande en France: Pénétration et diffusion des origines à nos jours (1950, 1952), ist heute weitgehend vergessen. Nach einem kurzen Überblick über Leben und Werk wird die zeitgenössische Rezeption der beiden Schriften untersucht. Die erstgenannte Arbeit reichte Lévy 1929 an der Université de Strasbourg als Habilitationsschrift ein; sie wurde nach ihrem Erscheinen von vielen Fachwissenschaftlern im In- und Ausland positiv aufgenommen, während die Straßburger Germanisten ablehnend reagierten. Die Gründe für diese abweichende Einschätzung werden in dem Beitrag eingehend analysiert. Auch im Falle seiner Geschichte des Deutschen in Frankreich ist eine ähnliche Diskrepanz in der Rezeption festzustellen: grundsätzliche Kritik wurde wiederum in Frankreich geübt, während das Urteil von Germanisten und Romanisten in anderen Ländern insgesamt positiv ausfiel.
A little-known aspect of Leonard Bloomfield’s linguistics
Authors: Barnhart Cynthia A. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryLeonard Bloomfield’s (1887–1949) contribution to the literature and theory of teaching reading is not widely known. This paper recounts the history of that contribution, published asLet’s Read: A linguistic approachin 1961, well after his death. Clarence L. Barnhart (1900–1993), the lexicographer, had encouraged Bloomfield to write a complete, finished manuscript of his phonemic approach to teaching reading and expended considerable time searching for a publisher. Bloomfield and Barnhart also sought classroom experimentation of Bloomfield’s materials before publication, which by and large verified his ideas, as did later experiments. Critical reception ofLet’s Read, which rejected familiar reading pedagogy, was not warmly welcoming, especially among reading professionals, while linguists like the Romanist Yakov Malkiel (1914–1998) and the structuralist Henry Lee Smith (1913–1972) offered more positive assessments.
Introduction
Authors: Matilal Bimal Krishna 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This book introduces, discusses, and tries to defend a form of realism called Nyāya realism simply because this stands closest to the position upheld by the adherents of the Nyāya school in the Indian philosophical tradition. Historically this position is pitted against Buddhist phenomenalism and idealism. The book mainly presents Nyāya realism and Buddhist phenomenalism in their historical context. It also attempts, if only impressionistically, to show what place Buddhist phenomenalism occupies in the whole range of such philosophical views as ‘sense data’ theory, scientific phenomenalism, and rcprcsentationalism, and whether arguments in favour of Nyāya realism could counterbalance such views.
Philosophical Questions and Pramanas
Authors: Matilal Bimal Krishna 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
In the Western tradition, epistemology is the name given to that branch of philosophy which deals with the theory of knowledge, that is to say, the attempted vindication of the reliability of claims to knowledge. It investigates and evaluates evidence, the method of reasoning, and the criteria upon which knowledge-claims are based. The function of what is called the pramāna-́sāstra in Indian philosophic tradition coincides to a great extent with this activity. The strong claim of some philosophers of classical India was that conception without perception is ‘empty’. The counter-claim was that perception without conception is ‘blind’. This chapter examines different philosophical theories of perception of classical Indian origin in the context of the pramāna epistemology. It gives a brief outline of the pramāna doctrine as well as the kind of scepticism that gave rise to it.
Knowing that One Knows
Authors: Matilal Bimal Krishna 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
It is generally agreed that if something is known, it must be true or it must exist. Nyāya says that this fact does not allow one to say that if one knows then necessarily one knows that one knows and this holds even when one is quite convinced about what one knows. One may in fact be absolutely sure about what one cognizes but such a certainty by itself does not amount to knowledge. The first section of this chapter examines rival theories about knowledge of knowledge. The second section develops the Buddhist position on ‘self-awareness’. The third section explores the question ‘Must I be aware that I am aware?’ The fourth section analyzes the Nyāya view about knowing that one knows. The fifth section describes inference, confirmation, and introspection.
Analysis of Perceptual Illusion
Authors: Matilal Bimal Krishna 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Sensory (perceptual) illusion is said to be ‘promiscuous’ in Nyāya. Promiscuity of awareness here means that it deals with two ‘objects’ at the same time. ‘Illusion’ is used for cases where something is seen but looks to be other than it is or is ‘taken’ to be. The first section of this chapter describes seeing and seeing-as. The second section considers two Buddhist analyses of illusion. The third section explores the Advaita view of the inexplicability of the appearance. The fourth section considers the Prābhākara view of no-illusion. The fifth section expounds the Nyāya analysis of illusion, which is called the ‘misplacement’ theory. The sixth section explains fictions and fantasies. The last section compares sense-datum and direct realism.
What Do We See?
Authors: Matilal Bimal Krishna 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The problems of perception are generally discussed in the Western context with reference to three main theories. These theories are about what one can directly know, and how one knows it. They are naïve or direct realism, representationalism, and phenomenalism. The second section of this chapter discusses the Nyaysutra definition of perception. The third section looks at Vasubandhu's illusionism. The fourth section considers a case where the external world does not exist. The fifth section considers as case where the external world does exist. The sixth section examines the Abhidharma phenomenalism. The seventh section discusses nominal existence and substantial existence. The last section explores colour and shape with regards to Molyneux's question.
Pleasure and Pain
Authors: Matilal Bimal Krishna 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Can there be unfelt pain, or unsensed pleasure? Could there be pain in me which I have not experienced? Could there be pleasure that has occurred for me, but which I have not felt? These questions are pertinent. They illuminate a controversy between Nyāya and Buddhism over the nature of the perception of ‘inner’ episodes. Philosophers generally have been of the opinion that there cannot be any ‘unfelt pleasure’ or ‘unsensed pain’. Now the question arises whether or not pleasures and pains are to be identified with, or be considered as an integral part of the awareness itself. The Buddhist here follows the common intuition, and argues that the arising of pain-sensation or pleasure-sensation is nothing but a special form or kind of cognitive episode called the inner perceptual awareness.
Particulars
Authors: Matilal Bimal Krishna 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The first section of this chapter discusses three rival ontologies in the Indian context. The Buddhist envisions a world populated by phenomenal particulars. These are called the svalaḳsạnas, ‘self-characterized’. They include both physical phenomena such as colour-patches and mental phenomena, cognitive events and other ‘mental’ bits concomitant with them (mimi). The Nyāya–Vaíṣsika world is populated with three main types of particulars, certain (real) universals and one genuine relation. The particulars are substances, quality-instances, and action-moments. The third ontology is holistic. This is the view that says that the ultimate reality is one unbreakable, unstructured whole, which is the ultimate reference of all linguistic expressions and all thoughts. The second section discusses phenomenalism and atomism. The last section examines direct realism.
Promoter RNA links transcriptional regulation of inflammatory pathway genes
Authors: Matsui Masayuki , Chu Yongjun , Zhang Huiying , Gagnon Keith T. , Shaikh Sarfraz , Kuchimanchi Satya , Manoharan Muthiah , Corey David R. , Janowski Bethany A. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Although many long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been discovered, their function and their association with RNAi factors in the nucleus have remained obscure. Here, we identify RNA transcripts that overlap the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) promoter and contain two adjacent binding sites for an endogenous miRNA, miR-589. We find that miR-589 binds the promoter RNA and activates COX-2 transcription. In addition to miR-589, fully complementary duplex RNAs that target the COX-2 promoter transcript activate COX-2 transcription. Activation by small RNA requires RNAi factors argonaute-2 (AGO2) and GW182, but does not require AGO2-mediated cleavage of the promoter RNA. Instead, the promoter RNA functions as a scaffold. Binding of AGO2 protein/small RNA complexes to the promoter RNA triggers gene activation. Gene looping allows interactions between the promoters of COX-2 and phospholipase A2 (PLA2G4A), an adjacent pro-inflammatory pathway gene that produces arachidonic acid, the substrate for COX-2 protein. miR-589 and fully complementary small RNAs regulate both COX-2 and PLA2G4A gene expression, revealing an unexpected connection between key steps of the eicosanoid signaling pathway. The work demonstrates the potential for RNA to coordinate locus-dependent assembly of related genes to form functional operons through cis-looping.
Engineering modular ‘ON’ RNA switches using biological components
Authors: Ceres Pablo , Trausch Jeremiah J. , Batey Robert T. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Riboswitches are cis-acting regulatory elements broadly distributed in bacterial mRNAs that control a wide range of critical metabolic activities. Expression is governed by two distinct domains within the mRNA leader: a sensory ‘aptamer domain’ and a regulatory ‘expression platform’. Riboswitches have also received considerable attention as important tools in synthetic biology because of their conceptually simple structure and the ability to obtain aptamers that bind almost any conceivable small molecule using in vitro selection (referred to as SELEX). In the design of artificial riboswitches, a significant hurdle has been to couple the two domains enabling their efficient communication. We previously demonstrated that biological transcriptional ‘OFF’ expression platforms are easily coupled to diverse aptamers, both biological and SELEX-derived, using simple design rules. Here, we present two modular transcriptional ‘ON’ riboswitch expression platforms that are also capable of hosting foreign aptamers. We demonstrate that these biological parts can be used to facilely generate artificial chimeric riboswitches capable of robustly regulating transcription both in vitro and in vivo. We expect that these modular expression platforms will be of great utility for various synthetic biological applications that use RNA-based biosensors.
Tuning electrical properties of graphite oxide by plasma
Authors: Zhu Hongfei , Ji Deyang , Jiang Lang , Dong Huanli , Hu Wenping 
Published: September 2013

The electrical properties of graphite oxide (GO) can be tuned consecutively by treating samples with ammonia and hydrogen plasma. When altering ammonia plasma time from 10 to 4.5 min, large area (greater than 100×100 μm
2
), n-type, ambipolar and p-type semiconducting reduced graphite oxide (RGO) sheets could be obtained. The highest mobilities of the electron and hole are 5.41 and 2.10 cm
2
V
−1
s
−1
at low operational voltage (3 or −3 V, respectively). When treating a GO film with hydrogen:argon (9:1) plasma, high conductivity RGO was obtained with conductivity around 630 S cm
−1
. It is anticipated that this study could pave the way towards carbon-based electronics.
Evolvement of molecular nanomagnets in China
Authors: Wang Bing-Wu , Wang Xin-Yi , Sun Hao-Ling , Jiang Shang-Da , Gao Song 
Published: September 2013

Molecular nanomagnets have been undergoing development for 20 years since the first single-molecule magnet (SMM), Mn
12
Ac, was characterized as the molecule-behaved magnet. The multi-disciplinary scientists promoted the magnetic characteristics to be more suitable for use in information science and spintronics. The concept of molecular nanomagnets has also evolved to include single-chain magnets (SCMs), single-ion magnets (SIMs) and even magnetic molecules that showed only slow magnetic relaxation, in addition to the initial cluster-type SMMs. In this review, several aspects, including SMMs, SCMs and SIMs, are introduced briefly through some representative examples. In particular, the contribution of Chinese chemists is highlighted in the design, synthesis and understanding of various types of molecular nanomagnets.
Cross‐cultural bridges in European firms’ internationalization to Islamic countries
Authors: Calza Francesco , Aliane Nadir , Cannavale Chiara 
Published: September 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse the positive effects of cultural bridges on European firms’ internationalization to SMCs and MECs. We analyse the meaning and the role of managers’ cultural competence in order to understand if and how it contributes to the formation of effective cultural bridges.Design/methodology/approachGiven the few contributions existing on the topic, and the lack of a general theory, a multiple case‐study analysis seems appropriate to the topic. In particular, we present five case studies of European large firms, which have successfully internationalized in SMCs and MECs. In each firm, we interviewed local and foreign managers, in order to understand the importance of cultural issues and the ways companies overcame cultural distance.FindingsCultural distance is a big problem for European firms investing in SMCs and MECs. They impact both intra‐ and inter‐organizational relationships and cultural bridges can be useful to overcome the effects of its perception. Cultural bridges are effective if based on managers’ cultural competencies, and can be represented by a specific manager, or by an organizational unit. In any case, the involvement of local people and the adaptation to local customs are crucial.Research limitations/implicationsThe analysis is still limited, and, in the future, we’ll look for a methodology able to isolate cultural knowledge and cultural competence as key factors in order to evaluate the importance of each factor.Practical implicationsWhen entering Islamic countries, foreign investors should be aware of local values, particularly religious and family value, which deeply impact on business and social relationships. Based on a deep cultural knowledge, cultural bridges enable fruitful relationships both inside and outside the organization.Originality/valueWhereas cultural competence is often mentioned in the literature, only a few contributions focus on cultural competence as a key aspect of internationalization. In addition we explore the concept and the relevance of cultural bridges, and the multiple case‐study analysis show some best practices firms could follow to succeed in SMCs and MECs.
Framing and involvement effects on consumers’ brand choice
Authors: Gamliel Eyal , Herstein Ram , Luís Abrantes José , Albayrak Tahir , Caber Meltem 
Published: September 2013

PurposeConsumers frequently find themselves having to choose between various product brands that differ in price and quality. The purpose of this paper is to examine several possible factors that may affect this choice: message framing of the choice as either gain or loss of money or quality, consumer involvement, and consumers’ perceived monetary and quality gains.Design/methodology/approachIn all, 837 participants from Portugal, Turkey, and Israel were randomly assigned to a positively or negatively framed message regarding the quality or price of two alternative brands of sunscreen lotion.FindingsAs expected, highly involved consumers show a higher preference for the better and more expensive product than less involved consumers, while perceived monetary or quality gains mediates this relation. Challenging previous findings, negative framing of loss avoidance affects perceived gains and brand choice more than positive framing only for less involved participants, rather than for highly involved ones.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the results were replicated in three different countries, future research of message framing context on other products is needed, as well as research in the context of goal framing.Practical implicationsIf indeed future research would replicate the higher effectiveness of positive framing among highly involved consumers, retailers should consider that in planning their product promotion strategy.Originality/valueThis study challenges the current literature regarding the effect of message framing on message and the moderating role of involvement.
Generalized Blasius problem for a viscoelastic fluid with viscous dissipation and suction/injection effects
Authors: Rahman Mohd Kasim Abdul , Sofiah Othman Zarith , Shafie Sharidan , Pop Ioan 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to study the Blasius flat plate with viscous dissipation in the presence of suction or injection effects in the boundary layer of a viscoelastic fluid.

Design/methodology/approach
– The governing partial differential equations are derived as a first order ordinary differential equation using similarity (Blasius) variables. Velocity profiles, temperature profiles, skin friction parameters, and heat transfer parameters are computed numerically for various values of the viscoelastic parameter K, the suction or injection parameter f

w
, the Prandtl number Pr, the Eckert number Ec, and the moving parameter λ.

Findings
– The effects of the viscoelastic, moving, and suction/injection parameters on the skin friction and heat transfer of the flat plate are studied. The effects of these parameters on the velocity and temperature profiles are also presented for 0≤Pr≤3.

Originality/value
– To the best of the authors' knowledge, this important classical problem has not been studied before for the case of a viscoelastic fluid. Thus, the results are original and new for this type of fluid.
Effects of concavity level on heat loss, effectiveness and efficiency of a longitudinal fin exposed to natural convection and radiation
Authors: Cuce Erdem , Mert Cuce Pinar 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of concavity level on performance parameters of a parabolic fin under the influences of natural convection and radiation.

Design/methodology/approach
– Computational fluid dynamics software (FLUENT) is used for the heat transfer analysis. Optimum fin geometry is searched in order to maximize the heat dissipation from fin to the ambient while minimizing the volume of fin.

Findings
– The fin profile with concavity level of 2 dissipates 14.92, 17.53, 24.33 and 26.60 percent more heat and uses 34.62, 49.64, 57.66 and 63.09 percent much material compared to the fin with concavity level of 4, 6, 8 and 10, respectively. It is also observed that the amount of heat dissipation per mass considerably increases with increasing concaveness.

Research limitations/implications
– The research was carried out for five different concavity levels in the range of 2-10.

Practical implications
– The results can be used in passive cooling applications of PV systems. Also, heat sinks for CPU cooling can be redesigned with respect to the results obtained from the research.

Originality/value
– In this paper, effects of concavity level on performance parameters of a parabolic fin are investigated for the first time. It is observed from the numerical results that the fin profile with higher concavity levels provides a cheaper and lighter heat dissipation device so it is recommended for the applications where the weight and the cost are primary considerations such as cooling of photovoltaics.
A polarization-based fast numerical method for computing the effective conductivity of composites
Authors: Monchiet Vincent , Bonnet Guy 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– The paper deals with the development of an improved fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based numerical method for computing the effective properties of composite conductors. The convergence of the basic FFT-based methods is recognized to depend drastically on the contrast between the phases. For instance, the primal formulation is not suited for solving the problems with high conductivity whereas the dual formulation is computationally costly for problems with high resistivity. Consequently, it raises the problem of computing the properties of composites containing both highly conductive and resistive inclusions.

Design/methodology/approach
– In the present work, the authors' propose a new iterative scheme for solving that kind of problems which is formulated in term of the polarization.

Findings
– The capability and relevance of this iterative scheme is illustrated through numerical implementation in the case of composites containing squared inclusions. It is shown that the rate of convergence is increased and thus, particularly when the case of high contrasts is considered. The predominance of the polarization based iterative scheme (PBIS) over existing ones is also illustrated in the case of a composite containing both highly conductive and highly resistive inclusions.

Originality/value
– The method is easy to implement and uses the same ingredients as the basic schemes: the FFT and the exact expression of the Green tensor in the Fourier space. Moreover, its convergence conditions do not depend on the conductivity properties of the constituents, which then constitutes the main difference with other existing iterative schemes. The method can then be applied for computing the effective properties of composites conductors with arbitrary contrasts.