bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does cognitive‐behavioural therapy promote meaning making? A preliminary test in the context of geriatric depression
Authors: Holland Jason M. , Chong Gabriella , Currier Joseph M. , O'Hara Ruth , Gallagher‐Thompson Dolores 
Published: May 2014

ObjectivesThis study examined the extent to which cognitive‐behavioural therapy (CBT) for geriatric depression promoted meaning made of stress.DesignFifty‐one participants received CBT and were assessed at pre‐ and post‐treatment.MethodsThe primary outcome was the Integration of Stressful Life Experiences Scale (ISLES) and demographic factors were examined as moderators of changes over time.ResultsThose with more education showed improvement in their ability to regain positive values, worldviews, and purpose in life after a stressor.ConclusionsIt appears that CBT promotes some forms of meaning made of stress for those with higher education.Practitioner points

Cognitive‐behavioural therapy as it is routinely practiced may help highly educated older adults regain their Footing in the World (e.g., maintain positive values, worldviews, and purpose in life) in the aftermath of a stressful life event.

Cognitive‐behavioural therapy appears to offer fewer gains for less educated older adults (in terms of Footing in the World) as well as for other aspects of meaning‐making, such as the ability to ‘make sense’ of a significant stressor.

Although more empirical work is necessary, meaning‐oriented interventions (e.g., ‘re‐authoring’ a fragmented self‐narrative; Neimeyer, 2009, p. 97) hold promise as useful adjuncts to routine therapy that could augment outcomes.
Celiac Disease in Children with Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Ress Krista , Annus Triine , Putnik Urve , Luts Katrin , Uibo Raivo , Uibo Oivi 
Published: May 2014

AbstractCeliac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder of the small intestine with highly variable clinical presentation and frequently associated with various immune‐mediated diseases. Among these immune‐mediated diseases, atopy has been found frequently in individuals with CD. We aimed to study the prevalence of CD in Estonian children with atopic dermatitis (AD), a common multifactorial chronic inflammatory skin disease. We recruited 351 consecutive children with active AD (mean age 5.8 yrs, 57.6% boys) at Tallinn Children's Hospital, Estonia. Sera of all patients were tested for total serum immunoglobulin (Ig) A, for IgA‐ and IgG‐type autoantibodies to tissue transglutaminase (IgA‐anti‐TG2, IgG‐anti‐TG2) and to deamidated gliadin peptides (IgA‐anti‐DGP, IgG‐anti‐DGP). The diagnosis of CD was confirmed histologically by small intestine biopsy according to the European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition diagnostic criteria. IgA deficiency was detected in nine patients with AD (2.6%), none of whom had IgG‐anti‐TG2 or IgG‐anti‐DGP seropositivity. IgA‐anti‐TG2 positivity was found in 4 (1.1%), IgG‐anti‐TG2 positivity in 2 (0.6%), IgA‐anti‐DGP positivity in 11 (3.1%), and IgG‐anti‐DGP in 10 (2.8%) patients. Celiac disease was confirmed in five (1.4%) patients with AD (95% confidence interval 0.46, 3.32) and all were histologically characterized as Marsh IIIa–IIIc stages and two presented with silent CD. In AD patients, CD prevalence was more than four times as high as in previously studied randomly selected schoolchildren in Estonia. Two patients with AD diagnosed with CD had no symptoms indicative of CD, in spite of extensive histologic changes in the small intestine mucosa. Therefore our study emphasizes the need for evaluating the cost‐effectiveness of screening individuals with AD for CD in time to prevent long‐term complications.
Stability of some microginins synthesized by the cyanobacterium Woronichinia naegeliana (Unger) Elenkin
Authors: Bober Beata , Kaminski Ariel , Chrapusta Ewelina , Bialczyk Jan 
Published: May 2014

SummaryMicroginins are linear oligopeptides synthesized by cyanobacteria. The literature data on their characteristics are scant. This study examined the influence of abiotic factors including pH, temperature, visible and ultraviolet radiation on the stability of the microginins FR3 (MG‐FR3), FR4 (MG‐FR4) and 757 (MG‐757) synthesized by Woronichinia naegeliana. In alkaline conditions (pH 9) only the concentration of MG‐757 was reduced significantly, by 14.3%. The tested microginins were stable at room temperature (half‐life 7–17 weeks). Boiling for one hour caused 26.1% decomposition of MG‐FR4 and 26.8% decomposition of MG‐757; MG‐FR3 was not significantly affected. Under visible radiation the initial content of MG‐FR4 declined 23.0%, but MG‐FR3 and MG‐757 proved insensitive to it. Treatment with a high dose of UV radiation (36 μmol m−2 s−1) caused the tested microginins to degrade by 13.8% to 21.4%. The study showed these microginins to be oligopeptides of high stability, the most stable of them being MG‐FR3.
PM10‐stimulated airway epithelial cells activate primary human dendritic cells independent of uric acid: Application of an in vitro model system exposing dendritic cells to airway epithelial cell‐conditioned media
Authors: Hirota Jeremy A. , Alexis Neil E. , Pui Mandy , Wong SzeWing , Fung Elkie , Hansbro Phillip , Knight Darryl A. , Sin Don D. , Carlsten Chris 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackground and objectiveAirway epithelial cells represent the first line of defence against inhaled insults, including air pollution. Air pollution can activate innate immune signalling in airway epithelial cells leading to the production of soluble mediators that can influence downstream inflammatory cells. Our objective was to develop and validate a model of dendritic cell exposure to airway epithelial cell‐conditioned media. After establishing the model, we explored how soluble mediators released from airway epithelial cells in response to air pollution influenced the phenotype of dendritic cells.MethodsHuman airway epithelial cells were cultured under control and urban particulate matter (PM10) exposure conditions with or without pharmacological inhibitors of the uric acid pathway. Culture supernatants were collected for conditioned media experiments with peripheral blood mononuclear cell‐derived dendritic cells analysed by flow cytometry.ResultsMonocytes derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultured in interleukin‐4 and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor differentiated into immature dendritic cells that phenotypically differentiated into mature dendritic cells in response to conditioned media from phorbol myristate acetate‐activated THP‐1 monocytes. Exposure of immature dendritic cells to conditioned media from airway epithelial cells exposed to PM10 resulted in dendritic cell maturation that was independent of uric acid.ConclusionsWe present a conditioned media model useful for interrogating the contribution of soluble mediators produced by airway epithelial cells to dendritic cell phenotype and function. Furthermore, we demonstrate that PM10 exposure induces airway epithelial cell production of soluble mediators that induce maturation of dendritic cells independent of uric acid.
The Global Climate Regime: Explaining Lagging Reform
Authors: Ovodenko Alexander 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThere have been growing calls for reform of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). How have governments met the demand for action on climate change despite the lagging pace of UNFCCC reform? New qualitative data demonstrate that the institutional, sectoral, and technical characteristics of multilateral institutions have guided government choices in managing climate change issues. Institutional resources and sectoral participation in multilateral institutions have enabled governments to handle climate change issues outside the UNFCCC, reducing the need to invest in its reform as demand for action has grown. These specialized institutions are able to mitigate political disputes and facilitate greater efficacy in handling specific issues such as financing and emissions mitigation. They have mandates that overlap with the cross‐cutting nature of climate change, requiring no new mandates, which mitigates political disputes in managing specific climate issues.
Exaggerated root respiration accounts for growth retardation in a starchless mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Brauner Katrin , Hörmiller Imke , Nägele Thomas , Heyer Arnd G. 
Published: May 2014

SummaryThe knock‐out mutation of plastidial phosphoglucomutase (pgm) causes a starchless phenotype in Arabidopsis thaliana, and results in a severe growth reduction of plants cultivated under diurnal conditions. It has been speculated that high soluble sugar levels accumulating during the light phase in leaf mesophyll might cause a reduction of photosynthetic activity or that shortage of reduced carbon during the night is the reason for the slow biomass gain of pgm. Separate simultaneous measurements of leaf net photosynthesis and root respiration demonstrate that photosynthetic activity per unit fresh weight is not reduced in pgm, whereas root respiration is strongly elevated. Comparison with a mutant defective in the dominating vacuolar invertase (AtβFruct4) revealed that high sucrose concentration in the cytosol, but not in the vacuole, of leaf cells is responsible for elevated assimilate transport to the root. Increased sugar supply to the root, as observed in pgm mutants, forces substantial respiratory losses. Because root respiration accounts for 80% of total plant respiration under long‐day conditions, this gives rise to retarded biomass formation. In contrast, reduced vacuolar invertase activity leads to reduced net photosynthesis in the shoot and lowered root respiration, and affords an increased root/shoot ratio. The results demonstrate that roots have very limited capacity for carbon storage but exert rigid control of supply for their maintenance metabolism.
Dehydration affects cerebral blood flow but not its metabolic rate for oxygen during maximal exercise in trained humans
Authors: Trangmar Steven J. , Chiesa Scott T. , Stock Christopher G. , Kalsi Kameljit K. , Secher Niels H. , González‐Alonso José 
Published: May 2014

Key points
Dehydration accrued during exercise in the heat challenges systemic and locomotor muscle blood flow, but its impact on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and metabolism remains unknown.
This study assessed whether dehydration compromises CBF and the cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2) during incremental exercise to exhaustion in trained males.
Dehydration induced an early reduction in CBF during progressive exercise, but increased O2 extraction secured CMRO2.
In all hydration conditions declining CBF at high exercise intensities was correlated to decreasing arterial carbon dioxide tension and increasing jugular venous plasma noradrenaline.
These results suggest that dehydration impairs CBF at high exercise intensities, but this circulatory strain on the human brain does not compromise CMRO2.
AbstractIntense exercise is associated with a reduction in cerebral blood flow (CBF), but regulation of CBF during strenuous exercise in the heat with dehydration is unclear. We assessed internal (ICA) and common carotid artery (CCA) haemodynamics (indicative of CBF and extra‐cranial blood flow), middle cerebral artery velocity (MCA Vmean), arterial–venous differences and blood temperature in 10 trained males during incremental cycling to exhaustion in the heat (35°C) in control, dehydrated and rehydrated states. Dehydration reduced body mass (75.8 ± 3 vs. 78.2 ± 3 kg), increased internal temperature (38.3 ± 0.1 vs. 36.8 ± 0.1°C), impaired exercise capacity (269 ± 11 vs. 336 ± 14 W), and lowered ICA and MCA Vmean by 12–23% without compromising CCA blood flow. During euhydrated incremental exercise on a separate day, however, exercise capacity and ICA, MCA Vmean and CCA dynamics were preserved. The fast decline in cerebral perfusion with dehydration was accompanied by increased O2 extraction (P < 0.05), resulting in a maintained cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2). In all conditions, reductions in ICA and MCA Vmean were associated with declining cerebral vascular conductance, increasing jugular venous noradrenaline, and falling arterial carbon dioxide tension () (R2 ≥ 0.41, P ≤ 0.01) whereas CCA flow and conductance were related to elevated blood temperature. In conclusion, dehydration accelerated the decline in CBF by decreasing and enhancing vasoconstrictor activity. However, the circulatory strain on the human brain during maximal exercise does not compromise CMRO2 because of compensatory increases in O2 extraction.
Effects of Yogic Practice on Metabolism and Antioxidant–Redox Status of Physically Active Males
Authors: Pal Rameswar , Singh Som Nath , Halder Kaushik , Tomer Omveer Singh , Mishra Awadh Bihari , Saha Mantu 
Published: May 2014

Background:This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of yogic practice on resting metabolism and redox status.Methods:The study was conducted on 64 physically trained male volunteers selected randomly at the Air Force Academy. The yoga group (n = 34) practiced yogasana, pranayama, and meditation for 3 months (February–May 2011) and the control group (n = 30) performed physical training. Antioxidant variables in blood samples along with physiological parameters were estimated before and after 3 months.Results:No significant difference was noted between baseline data of the control group and yoga group. Reduced glutathione, vitamin C, and vitamin E; the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione; and total antioxidant status were increased significantly following yogic practice. Activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione reductase were significantly increased, whereas activity of glutathione peroxidase was significantly decreased following yogic practice. Oxidized glutathione decreased significantly following yogic practice. A nonsignificant decrease of hydroperoxides, protein carbonyl, malondialdehyde, and blood sugar was noted in the yoga group. Carbon dioxide elimination and peripheral oxygen saturation increased significantly following yogic practice. No significant changes were observed in the control group following 3 months of physical training.Conclusions:Regular yogic practice can improve resting metabolism and redox status of the practitioner.
Does Age Modify the Cost-Effectiveness of Community-Based Physical Activity Interventions?
Authors: Roux Larissa , Pratt Mike , Lee I-Min , Bazzarre Terry , Buchner David 
Published: May 2014

Background:Community-based efforts to promote physical activity (PA) in adults have been found to be cost-effective in general, but it is unknown if this is true in middle-age specifically. Age group-specific economic evaluations could help inform the design and delivery of better and more tailored PA promotion.Methods:A Markov model was developed to estimate the cost-effectiveness (CE) of 7 exemplar community-level interventions to promote PA recommended by the Guide to Community Preventive Services, over a 20-year horizon. The CE of these interventions in 25- to 64-year-old adults was compared with their CE in middle-aged adults, aged 50 to 64 years. The robustness of the results was examined through sensitivity analyses.Results:Cost/QALY (quality-adjusted life year) of the evaluated interventions in 25- to 64-year-olds ranged from $42,456/QALY to $145,868/QALY. Interventions were more cost-effective in middle-aged adults, with CE ratios 38% to 47% lower than in 25- to 64-year-old adults. Sensitivity analyses showed greater than a 90% probability that the true CE of 4 of the 7 interventions was below $125,000/QALY in adults aged 50 to 64 years.Conclusion:The exemplar PA promotion interventions evaluated appeared to be especially cost-effective for middle-aged adults. Prioritizing such efforts to this age group is a good use of societal resources.
Qualified Fitness and Exercise as Professionals and Exercise Prescription: Evolution of the PAR-Q and Canadian Aerobic Fitness Test
Authors: Shephard Roy J. 
Published: May 2014

Background:Traditional approaches to exercise prescription have included a preliminary medical screening followed by exercise tests of varying sophistication. To maximize population involvement, qualified fitness and exercise professionals (QFEPs) have used a self-administered screening questionnaire (the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire, PAR-Q) and a simple measure of aerobic performance (the Canadian Aerobic Fitness Test, CAFT). However, problems have arisen in applying the original protocol to those with chronic disease. Recent developments have addressed these issues.Methods:Evolution of the PAR-Q and CAFT protocol is reviewed from their origins in 1974 to the current electronic decision tree model of exercise screening and prescription.Results:About a fifth of apparently healthy adults responded positively to the original PAR-Q instrument, thus requiring an often unwarranted referral to a physician. Minor changes of wording did not overcome this problem. However, a consensus process has now developed an electronic decision tree for stratification of exercise risk not only for healthy individuals, but also for those with various types of chronic disease.Conclusions:The new approach to clearance greatly reduces physician referrals and extends the role of QFEPs. The availability of effective screening and simple fitness testing should contribute to the goal of maximizing physical activity in the entire population.
Draft Genome Sequences of Six Ruminant Coxiella burnetii Isolates of European Origin
Authors: Sidi-Boumedine Karim , Ellis Richard J. , Adam Gilbert , Prigent Myriam , Angen Øystein , Aspán Anna , Thiéry Richard , Rousset Elodie 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

Coxiella burnetii
is responsible for Q fever, a worldwide zoonosis attributed to the inhalation of aerosols contaminated by livestock birth products. Six draft genome sequences of European
C. burnetii
isolates from ruminants are presented here. The availability of these genomes will help in understanding the potential host specificity and pathogenicity and in identifying pertinent markers for surveillance and tracing.
Draft Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain RB, a Bacterium Capable of Synthesizing Cadmium Selenide Nanoparticles
Authors: Ayano Hiroyuki , Kuroda Masashi , Soda Satoshi , Ike Michihiko 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
strain RB is a bacterium capable of synthesizing cadmium selenide (CdSe) nanoparticles and was isolated from a soil sample. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of
P. aeruginosa
strain RB. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a draft genome of a CdSe-synthesizing bacterium.
Complete Genome Sequence of Bovine Pestivirus Strain PG-2, a Second Member of the Tentative Pestivirus Species Giraffe
Authors: Becher Paul , Fischer Nicole , Grundhoff Adam , Stalder Hanspeter , Schweizer Matthias , Postel Alexander 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

We report the complete genome sequence of bovine pestivirus strain PG-2. The sequence data from this virus showed that PG-2 is closely related to the giraffe pestivirus strain H138. PG-2 and H138 belong to one pestivirus species that should be considered an approved member of the genus
Pestivirus.
Metagenomes from the Saline Desert of Kutch
Authors: Pandit A. S. , Joshi M. N. , Bhargava P. , Ayachit G. N. , Shaikh I. M. , Saiyed Z. M. , Saxena A. K. , Bagatharia S. B. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
We provide the first report on the metagenomic approach for unveiling the microbial diversity in the saline desert of Kutch. High-throughput metagenomic sequencing of environmental DNA isolated from soil collected from seven locations in Kutch was performed on an Ion Torrent platform.
Establishing a person-centred framework of self-identity after traumatic brain injury: a grounded theory study to inform measure development
Authors: Levack William M M , Boland Pauline , Taylor William J , Siegert Richard J , Kayes Nicola M , Fadyl Joanna K , McPherson Kathryn M 
Published: May 2014

ObjectiveTo develop a theoretically sound, client-derived framework to underpin development of a measure reflecting the impact of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on a person's self-identity.DesignGrounded theory, based on transcription of audio recordings from focus group meetings with people who have experienced TBI, analysed with constant comparative methods.Setting8 different urban and rural communities in New Zealand.Participants49 people (34 men, 15 women), 6 months to 36 years after mild-to-severe TBI.ResultsThe central concept emerging from the data was that of desiring to be or having lost a sense of being an integrated and valued person. The three main subthemes were: (1) having a coherent, satisfying and complete sense of oneself, (2) respect, validation and acceptance by others and (3) having a valued place in the world.ConclusionsThis study reinforces the notion that change in self-identity is an important aspect of life after TBI, and provides information on what this concept means to people with TBI. In order to scientifically evaluate relationships between self-identity and other aspects of health (eg, depression, quality of life), and to test the effect of interventions to address problems with self-identity after TBI, a quantitative tool for evaluation of this construct is required. Themes from this research provide a foundation for the development of a measure of self-identity grounded in the language and experience of people with TBI.
Safety of 8-aminoquinolines given to people with G6PD deficiency: protocol for systematic review of prospective studies
Authors: Uthman Olalekan A , Saunders Rachel , Sinclair David , Graves Patricia , Gelband Hellen , Clarke Aileen , Garner Paul 
Published: May 2014

IntroductionA single dose or short course of primaquine given to people infected with malaria may reduce transmission ofPlasmodium falciparumthrough its effects on gametocytes. Primaquine is also known to cause haemolysis in people with variants of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. The objective of this systematic review was to assess the risk of adverse effects in people with G6PD deficiency given primaquine or other 8-aminoquinoline (8AQ) as a single dose or short course (less than 7 days).Methods and analysisWe will search the following databases: Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialized Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE and LILACS. Prospective cohort studies, randomised and quasi-randomised trials that evaluated 8AQs for whatever reason in adults or children with a known G6PD deficiency will be included. Two authors will independently assess each study for eligibility, risk of bias and extract data.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. Brief reports of the review findings will be disseminated directly to the appropriate audiences and the WHO Technical Expert Group in Malaria Chemotherapy. As no primary data collection will be undertaken, no additional formal ethical assessment and informed consent are required.Protocol registration in PROSPEROThe protocol is registered with PROSPERO, registration number CRD42013006518.