bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Professional Baseball Athletic Trainers' Perceptions of Preparation for Job-Specific Duties
Authors: Gardiner-Shires Alison , Marley Scott C. , Barnes John C. , Shires Mark E. 
Published: May 2013

ContextThe extent to which individuals are prepared completely for work in a particular athletic training setting (eg, professional sports, college, high school) is unknown. This issue is critical today, and findings in this area have implications for athletic training education policy and employers.ObjectiveTo determine the perceptions of preparation for work-specific tasks by professional baseball athletic trainers (PBATs). We also wanted to determine whether various preparation experiences interact with perceived skills.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingOnline survey administered via SurveyMonkey.Patients or Other ParticipantsTwo hundred seventy-five PBATs.Intervention(s)The PBATs reported their levels of preparation before employment in their positions and their current skills in each of the 8 work task domains: evaluation of elbow injuries; evaluation of shoulder injuries; evaluation of general injuries; acute care; injury prevention; treatment, rehabilitation, and reconditioning; organization and administration; and non–athletic-training tasks.Main Outcome Measure(s)Nine repeated-measures analyses of covariance were performed with each perception of preparation (retrospective, current) as a within-subject factor. Preparation experiences were included as between-subjects factors, and number of years working in baseball was the covariate.ResultsSubscale reliabilities were calculated and found to be between 0.79 and 0.97. A total of 180 PBATs (65%) completed the survey. The backgrounds and routes by which PBATs gained employment in the professional baseball setting varied. Individuals who completed professional baseball internships, had previous work experience, and immediately entered the professional baseball setting after graduation had noted differences in their perceptions of preparation for work tasks. The PBATs indicated they were substantially underprepared for tasks in the organization and administration and non–athletic-training task domains.ConclusionsThe organizational socialization process is complex, and no 1 experience appears to completely prepare an individual for work in the professional baseball setting.
Ankle Instability Effects on Joint Position Sense When Stepping Across the Active Movement Extent Discrimination Apparatus
Authors: Witchalls Jeremy , Waddington Gordon , Blanch Peter , Adams Roger 
Published: May 2013

Context
Individuals with and without functional ankle instability have been tested for deficits in lower limb proprioception with varied results.

Objective
To determine whether a new protocol for testing participants' joint position sense during stepping is reliable and can detect differences between participants with unstable and stable ankles.

Design
Descriptive laboratory study.

Setting
University clinical laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants
Sample of convenience involving 21 young adult university students and staff. Ankle stability was categorized by score on the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool; 13 had functional ankle instability, 8 had healthy ankles.

Intervention(s)
Test-retest of ankle joint position sense when stepping onto and across the Active Movement Extent Discrimination Apparatus twice, separated by an interim test, standing still on the apparatus and moving only 1 ankle into inversion.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Difference in scores between groups with stable and unstable ankles and between test repeats.

Results
Participants with unstable ankles were worse at differentiating between inversion angles underfoot in both testing protocols. On repeated testing with the stepping protocol, performance of the group with unstable ankles was improved (Cohen d = 1.06, P = .006), whereas scores in the stable ankle group did not change in the second test (Cohen d = 0.04, P = .899). Despite this improvement, the unstable group remained worse at differentiating inversion angles on the stepping retest (Cohen d = 0.99, P = .020).

Conclusions
The deficits on proprioceptive tests shown by individuals with functional ankle instability improved with repeated exposure to the test situation. The learning effect may be the result of systematic exposure to ankle-angle variation that led to movement-specific learning or increased confidence when stepping across the apparatus.
Visualization in endodontics
Authors: Bahcall James K. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe field of endodontics has witnessed significant technological advances over the past decade. One area of advancement has been the evolution of endodontic visualization. As we begin to view conventional and surgical endodontic treatments as microsurgical procedures, we encounter the same demands for critical visualization as do areas within the field of medicine that perform microsurgery. This article will discuss the use of loupes, microscopes, endodscopes and orascopes in endodontic treatment.
Nanodentistry: New buzz in dentistry
Authors: Mikkilineni Madhurima , Rao Anitha S. , Tummala Muralidhar , Elkanti Soujanya 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThere is an unavoidable development in the progress of science; nanotechnology has been part of the mainstream scientific theory with potential medical and dental applications since the early 1990s. Dentistry is undergoing another change with the help of nanotechnology combined with nanomaterials, biotechnology and ultimately dental nanorobotics. Nanodentistry will make possible maintenance of comprehensive oral health by employing nano tissue devices which will allow precise controlled oral analgesia, dentine replacement therapy, permanent hypersensitivity cure and complete orthodontic realignment etc., all in a single office visit, covalently bonded diamondized enamel and continuous oral health maintenance through the use of mechanical dentifrobots. There is an increase in optimism that nanotechnology applied to dentistry will bring significant advances in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disease. This article enlightens about potential applications of nanotechnology in dentistry and to illustrate their potentially far reaching impact on clinical dental practice.
Correlation of body mass index with eruption time of permanent first molars and incisors and caries occurrence: A cross-sectional study in school children in Uttar Pardesh, India
Authors: Sabharwal Robin , Sengupta Shamindra , Sharma Bhudev , Singh Sanjeet , Rastogi Varun 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Aims and Objectives: To determine the mean eruption time of permanent first molars and incisors; to compare this with Body Mass Index (BMI); to correlate the caries frequency with BMI. Materials and Methods: 100 school children of ′just erupted′ teeth of age 5-10 years were obtained from 10 different schools of Modinagar city, Uttar Pradesh. Weight and height of these individuals were measured and the clinical examination of the oral cavity was done to assess the caries frequency and the eruption status of permanent teeth. Pearson correlation coefficient was utilized to find the correlation between BMI, eruption time and caries frequency. Results: BMI and eruption time were found to be negatively associated. A strong positive and significant correlation was observed between BMI and (dft + DFT) score for overweight females, while no significant difference was observed in case of males. Conclusion: Eruption time of permanent first molars and incisors increases with decrease in BMI values, while caries frequency increases with increase in BMI values.
In vitro antimicrobial efficiency of different root canal sealers against Enterecoccus faecalis
Authors: Ustun Yakup , Sagsen Burak , Durmaz Suleyman , Percin Duygu 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Objective: The antibacterial effectiveness of four different sealers AH Plus, EndoRez, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Fillapex, iRoot SP against Enterococcus faecalis was evaluated by time kill assay method in vitro. Materials and Methods: Four sealers are used in this study: An epoxy resin-based sealer, AH Plus (Dentsply, Maillefer, Switzerland), a polymethacrylate resin-based sealer, EndoRez (Ultradent, South Jordan, UT) and two calcium silicate-based sealers, MTA Fillapex (Angelus Solucxoes Odontologicas, Londrina, Brazil), iRoot SP (Innovative BioCreamix Inc., Vancouver, Canada). Each sealer was mixed according to manufacturer′s instructions. Five mg of each sealer was added to sterile tubes separately and evaluated at 20 min, 24 h, 7 days, and 30 days. Two tubes were used as positive and negative. Results: At the 20th min AH Plus and iRoot SP were bactericidal, MTA Fillapex, and EndoRez were ineffective at the 20th min. At the 1st day MTA Fillapex was ineffective and rest of the sealers was bacteriostatic. At the 7th day, only MTA Fillapex showed bactericidal effect, AH Plus, iRoot SP and EndoRez were bacteriostatic. At the 30th day, MTA Fillapex was still bactericidal, AH Plus, iRoot SP, and EndoRez were still bacteriostatic. Conclusion: All root canal sealers tested were effective against E. faecalis. Fresh iRoot SP and fresh AH Plus had bactericidal action against E. faecalis. EndoRez has bacteriostatic behavior against E. faecalis. MTA Fillapex was the only sealer that could be bacteriocidal at 7th and 30th day.
Barriers to the utilization of dental services in Shimla, India
Authors: Fotedar Shailee , Sharma K. R. , Bhardwaj Vinay , Sogi G. M. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the barriers to regular dental attendance for check- up in a rural population in Shimla Himachal Pradesh. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among 319 adults in the area of Thari Panchayat, Shogi, Shimla. The data was analyzed by SPSS version 13. Statistical tests used were chi square and multiple-variate analysis. Results: The response rate of the study was 96.8%. 46 (15.1%) visited a dentist within the previous one year. The most common reasons for the last dental visit were pain or a dental emergency (208, 68.5%). The most commonly reported reason for not seeking dental care was “no need to visit a dentist unless there is pain” by 190 (62.5%) in bivariate analysis as well as in multiple logistic regression analysis (Odds ratio: 1.95; CI: 1.71-2.22). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that only a small portion of population visited dentist in previous one year. They believe that visiting a dentist is necessary only for pain relief. Thus it is important to give them awareness programmes about the good oral health and motivating them to use the services available.
Evaluation of root canal smear layer removal by two types of lasers: A scanning electron microscopy study
Authors: Reza Birang , Mohsen Hasheminia Seyed , Elham Fakhari , Mina Nasouri , Sara Nasouri , Ehsan Birang 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Objective: This study was to compare the effects of Erbium: Yttrium-Aluminium-Garnet (Er: YAG), and Neodimium: Yttrium-Aluminium-Garnet (Nd: YAG) lasers on removing the smear layer using scanning electron microscopy. Background: Removing Smear layer and exposure of dentinal tubules facilitate a tight-fitting root canal filling, which is necessary for a successful endodontic treatment and one of the proposed methods for removing the smear layer is the use of lasers. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 55 human single-rooted teeth were examined. Instrumentation was done using the step-back technique with hand files up to file #40 at the apical area and file #80 at the coronal area. The samples were divided into three groups: Samples irradiated by the Er: YAG laser (1 W, 10 Hz, 130.7 J/cm2 ) in Group 1 (n=25), the Nd: YAG laser (2 W, 15 Hz, 188.25 J/cm2 ) in Group 2 (n=25) and samples irrigated by 5.25% NaOCl as the control in Group 3 (n=5). Next, roots were bisected longitudinally and prepared for scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, Friedman and Wilcoxon tests (P<0.05). Results: The Er: YAG laser can remove more of the smear layer from the root canal wall than the Nd: YAG laser (P=0.000). Comparisons between three regions showed that both of the lasers proved less efficient in apical parts of the root canal. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, irradiation by the Er: YAG laser was more effective in smear layer removal than the Nd: YAG laser.
Mesiodens used for allotransplantation
Authors: Pai Suryakanth M. , Patil Piyusha S. , Poornima P. , Subbareddy V. V. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis is a case report of an 11-year-old male patient in whom a mesiodens from a donor was used as an allotransplant to replace his missing central incisor. The treatment results over 1 year showed successful periodontal healing and functioning of the allotransplanted tooth. The aim of this paper is to report a procedure, allotransplantation of tooth, which is followed from ages but less preferred and documented and is surrounded by variable prognosis and also highlight the use of a mesiodens, which in any case has to be extracted and usually of no other use.
Role of volumetric three-dimensional computed tomography in guiding the treatment of a dentigerous cyst associated with a mesiodens, approaching the nasal cavity
Authors: Arora Chetna , Bahri Rohit , Kapoor Varun , Paul Samrity 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis is a case report highlighting the role of volumetric three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) in the treatment of a dentigerous cyst (DC) associated with a mesiodens approaching the nasal cavity. The incidence and histopathogenesis of DC associated with mesiodens have been discussed. The advantages of volumetric multi-slice light speed 3D-CT imaging over alternative CT imaging techniques have also been discussed.
Prevalence and Management of Anemia in Hemodialysis Patients in a Brazilian Population of Predominantly African Descent
Authors: Matos Cácia Mendes , Silva Luciana Ferreira , Melo Nelson Almeida D'Ávila , Kuwano André Yoichi , Kuwano Andreia Nunes , Azul Paula Serra , Barros Luisa Leite , Pisoni Ronald L. , Lopes Antonio Alberto 
Published: May 2013

Background/Objective Findings from the international DOPPS indicated a rise in hemoglobin levels for patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) for more than 180 days across many countries with more than 60% with hemoglobin ≥11 g/dl. However, the situation of anemia control for a large contingent of the hemodialysis population remains unknown. Studies in the United States indicate that hemoglobin level is lower for African Americans on MHD, but studies in other populations of African descent are lacking. We investigated the prevalence of, and associated factors for, hemoglobin ≤11 g/dl in MHD patients from the Brazilian city with the largest proportion of African descendants outside Africa. Methods Cross-sectional study of 1,263 MHD patients enrolled in the Prospective Study of the Prognosis of Chronic Hemodialysis Patients (PROHEMO) in Salvador, Brazil 2005-2009. Results 88.0% black or mixed race; age 49.0 ∓ 14.7 years; 96.6% receiving erythropoietin, median = 6,000 units/week. In patients on MHD for more than 180 days, 67.4% had hemoglobin ≤11 g/dl. Factors associated with hemoglobin≤11 g/dl were MHD by catheter (odds ratio (OR) = 3.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.43-6.42), hospitalization in prior 3 months (OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.20-3.83), transferrin saturation ≤20% (OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.05-2.12) and higher malnutrition-inflammation score (OR = 1.58 per each log-transformed unit, 95% CI = 1.14-2.19). Conclusions The results suggest that iron deficiency, insufficient erythropoietin dose, catheter use, malnutrition-inflammation, and problems associated with hospitalization are explanations for the high prevalence of hemoglobin below the guideline target in MHD patients from a large African descent Brazilian population. These results have implications for understanding the lower hemoglobin concentration in MHD populations of African descent.
Increased Incidence of Angiodysplasia of the Gastrointestinal Tract and Bleeding in Patients with Continuous Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices (LVADs)
Authors: Muthiah Kavitha , Robson Desiree , Macdonald Peter S. , Keogh Anne M. , Kotlyar Eugene , Granger Emily , Dhital Kumud , Spratt Phillip , Jansz Paul , Hayward Christopher S. 
Published: May 2013

Background Continuous flow left ventricular assist devices (cfLVADs) are used in clinical practice for the management of end-stage heart failure. Axial flow cfLVADS have been associated with increased rates of adverse gastrointestinal events such as bleeding angiodysplasia. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of bleeding gastrointestinal tract angiodysplasia and the profile of patients supported with the centrifugal cfLVAD, referred for endoscopy. Methods A retrospective analysis of 66 patients implanted with Ventrassist (n = 33) and Heartware (n = 33) centrifugal continuous flow LVADs was performed. All patients were on warfarin, aspirin and/or clopidogrel. Endoscopy was performed in all patients with either active gastrointestinal bleeding (n = 6) or anemia with positive fecal occult blood (n = 6). Results Bleeding gastrointestinal angiodysplasia was demonstrated in 5 out of the 12 (41.6%) patients who underwent endoscopy from the cohort of 66 cfLVAD supported patients (7.6%). The incidence of bleeding angiodysplasia was higher than the age-standardized rate of andiodysplasia from literature (0.8%). Active gastrointestinal bleeding in one other patient was due to diverticulosis. The five patients with bleeding angiodysplasia tended to be older than the remaining 61 patients (58.8 ± 10.3 vs 49.6 ± 15.7 years, p = 0.2). Conclusions We found excess bleeding angiodysplasia in patients on centrifugal cfLVAD support. It may be appropriate to screen for angiodysplasia particularly in older patients prior to support by centrifugal cf LVADs. Reasons for the higher rate of bleeding angiodysplasia in cfLVAD patients warrant further study.
New Chinese Accounting Standards and the Usefulness of Accounting Information in Debt Contracts
Authors: Yuan Hongqi , Li Yubo , Lou Fang , Zhang Yao 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis paper investigates whether the usefulness of accounting profitability in debt contracts changes after the adoption of the new Chinese accounting standards (“NCAS”) in 2007. We find that the sensitivity of new debts to accounting profitability declines after the adoption and that firms are heavily influenced by the adoption of the new accounting standards and experience a more significant decrease in sensitivity. Moreover, such a decrease in sensitivity is more pronounced for non-state-owned companies than for state-owned companies. Overall, our results indicate that the usefulness of accounting profitability decreases after the adoption of the new accounting standards.
Reuse and Recycle: The Development of Adaptive Expertise, Routine Expertise, and Novelty in a Large Research Team
Authors: Paletz Susannah B. F. , Kim Kevin H. , Schunn Christian D. , Tollinger Irene , Vera Alonso 
Published: May 2013

SummaryCombining innovation and efficiency is ideal in many organizational settings. Adaptive expertise represents a cognitive explanation of how individuals and teams can learn to achieve simultaneous innovation and efficiency. In 2004, scientists led twin rovers on Mars in the search for historical water. The science team experienced a remarkable increase in efficiency, adapting with flexibility to unexpected events and dynamic, dwindling resources. After discussing the conceptual differences between adaptive expertise and related team learning and innovation concepts, we examine longitudinal behavioral data on novelty, routine and adaptive expertise. Sequential time series ARIMA analyses reveal that novelty fluctuated randomly, but both routine and adaptive expertise significantly increased over time. In addition, novelty, routine expertise, and adaptive expertise did not significantly predict each other directly or at a lag, suggesting that these are indeed three distinct constructs. Implications for theory and research on efficiency and innovation are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Whole‐exome sequencing identified a homozygous FNBP4 mutation in a family with a condition similar to microphthalmia with limb anomalies
Authors: Kondo Yukiko , Koshimizu Eriko , Megarbane Andre , Hamanoue Haruka , Okada Ippei , Nishiyama Kiyomi , Kodera Hirofumi , Miyatake Satoko , Tsurusaki Yoshinori , Nakashima Mitsuko , Doi Hiroshi , Miyake Noriko , Saitsu Hirotomo , Matsumoto Naomichi 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMicrophthalmia with limb anomalies (MLA), also known as Waardenburg anophthalmia syndrome or ophthalmoacromelic syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder. Recently, we and others successfully identified SMOC1 as the causative gene for MLA. However, there are several MLA families without SMOC1 abnormality, suggesting locus heterogeneity in MLA. We aimed to identify a pathogenic mutation in one Lebanese family having an MLA‐like condition without SMOC1 mutation by whole‐exome sequencing (WES) combined with homozygosity mapping. A c.683C>T (p.Thr228Met) in FNBP4 was found as a primary candidate, drawing the attention that FNBP4 and SMOC1 may potentially modulate BMP signaling. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Grooming reciprocity in male Tibetan macaques
Authors: Xia Dong‐Po , Li Jin‐Hua , Garber Paul A. , Matheson Megan D. , Sun Bing‐Hua , Zhu Yong 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn several primate species, adult males are reported to compete for access to reproductive partners as well as forming affiliative and cohesive social bonds based on the exchange of goods or services. We hypothesized that among a broad set of fitness‐maximizing strategies, grooming can be used by individual adult males to enhance social relationships through reciprocity and/or through the interchange of grooming for a different but equivalent good or service. We used focal animal sampling and continuously recorded dyadic grooming and agonistic interactions to test a series of predictions regarding male social interactions in a free‐ranging group of Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana) at Huangshan, China. During the non‐mating season or between males of similar rank throughout the year, grooming effort given was matched by grooming effort received. However, lower ranking males groomed higher ranking males at a greater rate and/or for a longer duration during both the mating and non‐mating periods. We found that higher ranking males directed less aggression towards males with whom they formed a frequent grooming partnership, indicating that grooming received was interchanged for increased social tolerance. These data suggest that individual male Tibetan macaques employ alternative social strategies associated with grooming reciprocity or interchange depending on dominance rank and rates of aggression, and highlight the importance of both biological markets and grooming reciprocity as behavioral mechanisms used by resident adult males to form and maintain affiliative social bonds. Am. J. Primatol. 75:1009–1020, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.