bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Offenes Geheimnis
Authors: Beutelspacher Albrecht 
Published: April 2013

AbstractVerschlüsselung geht neue Wege: Die Initialzündung auf dem Weg zur „Public‐Key‐Kryptografie”︁ war der RSA‐Algorithmus. Noch aber sind grundlegende mathematische Fragen zu lösen, bevor damit zum Beispiel das „elektronische Bezahlen”︁ möglich wird.
Relationship between postoperative complications and survival after free flap reconstruction for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ch'ng Sydney , Choi Vincent , Elliott Michael , Clark Jonathan R. 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundCurrent literature on the effect of postoperative complications on survival outcomes in head and neck cancers remains contradictory. This study assesses whether postoperative complications adversely affect survival in cases of complex surgical ablation and reconstruction of oral squamous cell carcinoma.MethodsIn all, 255 consecutive patients with complete clinicopathologic data were included. Survival was determined using the log‐rank test and Kaplan–Meier survival curves were generated. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to adjust for the effect of other significant covariates to determine the independent effect of complication variables for overall survival (OS). A competing risk model was used for disease‐specific survival (DSS).ResultsOn multivariable analysis, major complications independently prognosticated for reduced OS [hazard ratio (HR) 2.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1–3.2, p = .02]. There was no evidence for an association between any complication‐variable and DSS or recurrence.ConclusionsMajor postoperative complications are independently associated with decreased OS. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 55–59, 2014
Describing the primary care system capacity for the prevention and management of non‐communicable diseases in rural Vietnam
Authors: Van Minh Hoang , Do Young Kyung , Bautista Mary Ann Cruz , Tuan Anh Tran 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYBackgroundThe primary care system in Vietnam has been shown to play a crucial role in disease prevention and health promotion. This study described the primary care system in a selected rural area in Vietnam in terms of its capacity for prevention and control of non‐communicable diseases (NCDs).MethodsThe study was conducted in 2011 in Dong Hy district, Thai Nguyen province—a rural community located in northern Vietnam. Mixed methods were used, including quantitative and qualitative and literature review approaches, to collect data on the current status of the six building blocks of the primary care system in Dong Hy district. Selected health workers and stakeholders in the selected healthcare facilities were surveyed.ResultsA description of Dong Hy district's primary care capacity for NCD prevention and control is reported. (i) Service delivery: The current practice in NCD prevention and treatment is mainly based on a single risk factor rather than a combination of cardiovascular disease risks. (ii) Governance: At the primary care level, multi‐sectoral collaborations are limited, and there is insufficient integration of NCD preventive activities. (iii) Financing: A national budget for NCD prevention and control is lacking. The cost of treatment and medicines is high, whereas the health insurance scheme limits the list of available medicines and the reimbursement ceiling level. Health workers have low remuneration despite their important roles in NCD prevention. (iv) Human resources: The quantity and quality of health staff working at the primary care level, especially those in preventive medicine, are insufficient. (v) Information and research: The health information system in the district is weak, and there is no specific information system for collecting population‐based NCD data. (vi) Medical products and technology: Not all essential equipment and medicines recommended by the WHO are always available at the commune health centre.ConclusionThe capacity of the primary care system in Vietnam is still inadequate to serve the NCD‐related health needs of the population. There is an urgent need to improve the primary care capacity for NCD prevention and management in Vietnam. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Porous poly(ε‐caprolactone) scaffolds for load‐bearing tissue regeneration: Solventless fabrication and characterization
Authors: Allaf Rula M. , Rivero Iris V. , Abidi Noureddine , Ivanov Ilia N. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThree‐dimensional interconnected porous poly(ε‐caprolactone) scaffolds have been prepared by a novel solventless scaffold fabrication approach combining cryomilling and compression molding/porogen leaching techniques. This study investigated the effects of processing parameters on scaffold morphology and properties for tissue regeneration. Specifically, the effects of molding temperature, cryomilling time, and porogen mix were examined. Fifty percentage of porous scaffolds were fabricated with a range of properties: mean pore size from ∼40 to 125 μm, water uptake from ∼50 to 86%, compressive modulus from ∼45 to 84 MPa, and compressive strength at 10% strain from ∼3 to 4 MPa. Addition of 60 wt % NaCl salt resulted in a ∼50% increase in porosity in multimodal pore‐size structures that depended on the method of NaCl addition. Water uptake ranged from ∼61 to 197%, compressive modulus from ∼4 to 8.6 MPa, and compressive strength at 10% strain from ∼0.36 to 0.40 MPa. Results suggest that this approach provides a controllable strategy for the design and fabrication of 3D interconnected porous biodegradable scaffolds for load‐bearing tissue regeneration. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2013.
Characterization of a novel active release coating to prevent biofilm implant‐related infections
Authors: Williams Dustin L. , Sinclair Kristofer D. , Jeyapalina Sujee , Bloebaum Roy D. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBiofilm implant‐related infections cost the US healthcare system billions of dollars each year. For several decades, device coatings have been developed that actively release antimicrobial compounds in an attempt to prevent these infections from developing. To date, few coatings have been put into clinical use. These have shown limited to no efficacy in clinical trials. Recent data have shown the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of a novel active release coating that may address the limitations of coatings that are used clinically. In this study, the novel active release coating was characterized to gain an understanding of the effects of combining an antimicrobial additive, cationic steroid antimicrobial‐13 (CSA‐13), to a medical grade polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) material. Results indicated that the addition of CSA‐13 did influence the physical properties of the PDMS, but not with adverse effects to the desired material properties. Furthermore, there was no indication of chemical reactivity. It was shown that CSA‐13 was uniformly dispersed as small particles throughout the PDMS matrix. These particles were able to dissolve and elute out of the PDMS within a 30‐day period. The results of this work suggested that the PDMS with CSA‐13 was thermally, chemically and physically stable when used as a device coating to treat local infection and/or prevent biofilm implant‐related infections from developing. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2013.
MicroRNA‐126 regulates EPCs function: Implications for a role of miR‐126 in preeclampsia
Authors: Yan Ting , Liu Yan , Cui Kai , Hu Bin , Wang Fang , Zou Li 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPreeclampsia is a specific vascular complication in pregnancy, which has a pathophysiology of altered endothelial homeostasis. There is extensive evidence that endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) dysfunction underlies the endothelial cells loss that occurs during preeclampsia. MicroRNA‐126 (miR‐126), an angiogenesis‐related miRNA, has been shown to have potential angiogenic effects both in cultured endothelial cells in vitro and ischemia‐induced angiogenesis in vivo. However, whether miR‐126 has therapeutic potential in placental vasculogenesis of preeclampsia remains unclear. In this report, we analyzed the EPCs number and expression of miR‐126 in patients with preeclampsia, then investigated the effects of miR‐126 on EPCs function and rat placenta by employing up‐regulation and down‐regulation strategies. We confirmed that miR‐126 enhanced EPCs proliferation, differentiation and migration. However, a strong reduction in EPCs function was observed in vitro after miR‐126 inhibitor transfection. MiR‐126 exerts pro‐angiogenic functions by suppressing the synthetize of antiangiogenic factors PIK3R2. Similar to miR‐126 overexpression, PIK3R2 downregulation promoted EPCs function. In pregnant rats, we also found that miR‐126 increased vascular sprouting, placenta and fetus weights. These findings suggest that miR‐126 is essential for angiogenic properties of EPCs in vitro and placental vasculogenesis in vivo, providing basis for an alternative therapeutic approach in patients with preeclampsia. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 2148–2159, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Three‐dimensional dixon fat–water separated rapid breathheld imaging of myocardial infarction
Authors: Saranathan Manojkumar , Glockner James 
Published: April 2013

PurposeTo develop a breathhold three‐dimensional (3D) Dixon technique for fat suppressed imaging of myocardial infarction.Materials and MethodsA pulse sequence was developed that uses a radial fan‐beam k‐space segmentation scheme for efficient coverage of k‐space, enabling 3D scans in a single breathhold. The sequence uses a dual‐echo bipolar readout to enable Dixon fat–water separation for improved visualization of epicardial and pericardial delayed enhancement. The 3D Dixon method was compared with a conventional 2D fast gradient recalled echo (FGRE) ‐based technique in 25 patients.ResultsPericardial visualization scores and confidence were higher while overall image quality and artifacts were slightly worse for 3D Dixon compared with 2D FGRE. Robust fat suppression was achieved in 21 of 25 cases using the 3D Dixon method.ConclusionA 3D breathhold method for fat–water separated imaging of myocardial delayed enhancement was developed and validated. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:1362–1368. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Population Affinities of the Jebel Sahaba Skeletal Sample: Limb Proportion Evidence
Authors: Holliday T. W. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe Lower Nubian Epipaleolithic site of Jebel Sahaba (Sudan) was discovered in 1962. From 1962 to 1966, a total of 58 intentionally buried skeletons were uncovered at the site. Diagnostic microliths indicative of the Qadan industry as well as the site's geology suggest an age of 14–12 ka for these burials. In this study, the body proportions of the Jebel Sahaba sample are compared with those of a large (max N = 731) sample of recent human skeletons from Europe, Africa and circumpolar North America, as well as to terminal Pleistocene ‘Iberomaurusian’ skeletons from the Algerian sites of Afalou‐Bou‐Rhummel and the later Capsian‐associated Ain Dokhara specimen, as well as Natufian skeletons from the southern Levantine site of El Wad.Bivariate analyses distinguish Jebel Sahaba from European and circumpolar samples, but do not tend to segregate them from recent North or sub‐Saharan African samples. Multivariate analyses (principal components analysis, principal coordinates analysis with minimum spanning tree and neighbour‐joining cluster analyses) indicate that the body shape of the Jebel Sahaba humans is most similar to that of recent sub‐Saharan Africans and different from that of either the Levantine Natufians or the northwest African ‘Iberomaurusian’ samples. Importantly, these results corroborate those of both Irish and Franciscus, who, using dental, oral and nasal morphology, found that Jebel Sahaba was most similar to recent sub‐Saharan Africans and morphologically distinct from their penecontemporaries in other parts of North Africa or the groups that succeed them in Nubia. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Arrayed lentiviral barcoding for quantification analysis of hematopoietic dynamics
Authors: Grosselin Jeanne , Sii-Felice Karine , Payen Emmanuel , Chretien Stany , Roux Diana Tronik-Le , Leboulch Philippe 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Our understanding of system dynamics of mixed cell populations in whole organisms has benefited from the advent of individual cell marking by nonarrayed DNA barcodes subsequently analyzed by high-throughput DNA sequencing. However, key limitations include statistical biases compromising quantification and the lack of applicability to deconvolute individual cell fate in vivo after pooling single cells differentially exposed to different conditions ex vivo. Here, we have derived an arrayed lentiviral library of DNA barcodes and obtained a proof-of-concept of its resolving capacity by quantifying hematopoietic regeneration after engraftment of mice with genetically modified autologous cells. This method has helped clarify and bridge the seemingly opposed clonal-succession and continuous-recruitment models of hematopoietic stem cell behavior and revealed that myeloid-lymphoid biases are common occurrences in steady-state hematopoiesis. Arrayed lentiviral barcoding should prove a versatile and powerful approach to deconvolute cell dynamics in vivo with applications in hematology, embryology, and cancer biology.
Neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: Past progress and anticipation of the future
Authors: Geda Yonas E. , Schneider Lon S. , Gitlin Laura N. , Miller David S. , Smith Gwenn S. , Bell Joanne , Evans Jovier , Lee Michael , Porsteinsson Anton , Lanctôt Krista L. , Rosenberg Paul B. , Sultzer David L. , Francis Paul T. , Brodaty Henry , Padala Prasad P. , Onyike Chiadikaobi U. , Ortiz Luis Agüera , Ancoli‐Israel Sonia , Bliwise Donald L. , Martin Jennifer L. , Vitiello Michael V. , Yaffe Kristine , Zee Phyllis C. , Herrmann Nathan , Sweet Robert A. , Ballard Clive , Khin Ni A. , Alfaro Cara , Murray Patrick S. , Schultz Susan , Lyketsos Constantine G. ,   Neuropsychiatric Syndromes Professional Interest Area of ISTAART
Published: April 2013

AbstractNeuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are widespread and disabling. This has been known since Dr. Alois Alzheimer's first case, Frau Auguste D., presented with emotional distress and delusions of infidelity/excessive jealousy, followed by cognitive symptoms. Being cognizant of this, in 2010 the Alzheimer's Association convened a research roundtable on the topic of NPS in AD. A major outcome of the roundtable was the founding of a Professional Interest Area (PIA) within the International Society to Advance Alzheimer's Research and Treatment (ISTAART). The NPS‐PIA has prepared a series of documents that are intended to summarize the literature and provide more detailed specific recommendations for NPS research. This overview paper is the first of these living documents that will be updated periodically as the science advances. The overview is followed by syndrome‐specific synthetic reviews and recommendations prepared by NPS‐PIA workgroups on depression, apathy, sleep, agitation, and psychosis.
Topological Wiener–Wintner theorems for amenable operator semigroups
Authors: SCHREIBER MARCO 
Published: April 2013

AbstractInspired by topological Wiener–Wintner theorems we study the mean ergodicity of amenable semigroups of Markov operators on $C(K)$ and show the connection to the convergence of strong and weak ergodic nets. The results are then used to characterize mean ergodicity of Koopman semigroups corresponding to skew product actions on compact group extensions.
Godeaux–Serre varieties and the étale index
Authors: Antieau Benjamin , Williams Ben 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe use Godeaux–Serre varieties of finite groups, projective representation theory, the twisted Atiyah–Segal completion theorem, and our previous work on the topological period-index problem to compute the étale index of Brauer classes α ∈ Brét(X) in some specific examples. In particular, these computations show that the étale index of α differs from the period of α in general. As an application, we compute the index of unramified classes in the function fields of high-dimensional Godeaux–Serre varieties in terms of projective representation theory.
Nondaily Smoking Cessation Motivation for Young Adults: Scale Development and Validation
Authors: Berg Carla J. 
Published: April 2013

Introduction: Nondaily smoking is a growing public health concern, particularly among young adults. Given the lack of existing measures for assessing factors associated with this smoking pattern, the present study aims to develop a measure of motivation to quit among young adult nondaily smokers. Specifically, we developed a scale assessing motivation for nondaily smoking cessation, and examined its reliability, factor structure, and concurrent validity.Methods: We administered an online survey to 2,000 students at six colleges in the Southeastern US, and 718 (35.9%) returned a completed survey. The current analyses focused on the 95 participants who reported nondaily smoking (i.e., smoking between 1 and 29 days of the past 30 days). In addition to the items created for scale development, measures included sociodemographics, other measures of motivation and confidence/self-efficacy, past smoking/quitting history, readiness to quit, and perceived harm.Results: The 13-item Nondaily Smoking Cessation Motivation Questionnaire (NSCM) had an average score of 56.95 (SD = 24.33) and high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha of 0.94). Factor analysis using principal components extraction with varimax rotation extracted three factors accounting for 76.8% of the variance: Controlled motivation, Autonomous motivation, and Amotivation. Concurrent and discriminant validity were documented.Conclusions: This study provided information about the development and validation of the Nondaily Smoking Cessation Motivation Questionnaire for young adult nondaily smokers. Given the lack of validated measures to assess factors associated with nondaily smoking, this assessment may be critical in informing our intervention strategies and potentially for predicting cessation among nondaily smokers in the young adult population.
Resveratrol and fish oil reduce catecholamine-induced mortality in obese rats: role of oxidative stress in the myocardium and aorta
Authors: Ávila Pricila R. M. , Marques Scherolin O. , Luciano Thais F. , Vitto Marcelo F. , Engelmann Julia , Souza Daniela R. , Pereira Sane V. , Pinho Ricardo A. , Lira Fabio S. , De Souza Claudio T. 
Published: April 2013

The exact mechanisms of the relationship between obesity and cardiovascular events are not yet fully understood; however, oxidative stress may be involved. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of resveratrol and fish oil on catecholamine-induced mortality in obese rats. To begin with, rats were divided into five groups: (1) lean, (2) obese, (3) obese supplemented with resveratrol, (4) obese supplemented with fish oil and (5) obese supplemented with resveratrol and fish oil (n18 rats per group), for 2 months. After supplementation, the groups were subdivided as with (n10) and without (n8) cardiovascular catecholaminergic stress after isoproterenol (60 mg/kg) injection. At 24 h later, the survival rate was analysed. The obese group showed lower survival rates (10 %) when compared with the lean group (70 %). On the other hand, resveratrol (50 %) and fish oil (40 %) increased the survival rate of obese rats (χ2test,P= 0·019). Biochemical analyses of the myocardium and aorta revealed that obese rats had higher levels of superoxide and oxidative damage to lipids and protein. This was associated with reduced superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity in both the myocardium and aorta. The supplementation increased antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced oxidative damage. We also evaluated the nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 antioxidant pathway. Nrf2 protein levels that were reduced in obese rats were increased by the antioxidant treatment. Taken together, these results showed that resveratrol and fish oil reduce catecholamine-induced mortality in obese rats, partly through the reduction of oxidative stress.
Falsetto voice and observational logic: Motivated meanings
Authors: Stross Brian 
Published: April 2013

AbstractExamples of falsetto and higher pitched modal voice are presented in which the meanings are linked iconically and/or indexically to the signs, and therefore nonarbitrarily. Nine such meaning types are identified and discussed as inferences about falsetto derivable from observations that are minimally informed by cultural traditions. Observational knowledge and the logic by which it is utilized are seen as central concepts mediating universals and relativist approaches to the social meanings of voice qualities, including falsetto, and it is proposed that most falsetto use can be placed within the nine functional meaning categories identified. (Voice quality, falsetto, iconicity, indexicality, observational logic, universals, relativity)*
Consumer Co-operation and Economic Crisis: The 1936 Roosevelt Inquiry on Co-operative Enterprise and the Emergence of the Nordic ‘Middle Way’
Authors: HILSON MARY 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn the wake of the Great Depression, Sweden and the other Nordic countries were widely perceived as a model region, a successful example of the ‘middle way’ between socialism and capitalism. Central to this idea were the Nordic co-operative movements, which became the focus of President Roosevelt's Inquiry on Co-operative Enterprise in Europe, conducted in 1936–7. Drawing mainly on the records of the Inquiry, the article explores the construction of the ‘middle way’ idea and examines the role of the Nordic co-operators in shaping international perceptions of the region, while also shedding new light on differences within the international co-operative movement during the same period.
Diatom assemblages promote ice formation in large lakes
Authors: D’souza N A , Kawarasaki Y , Gantz J D , Lee R E , Beall B F N , Shtarkman Y M , Koçer Z A , Rogers S O , Wildschutte H , Bullerjahn G S , McKay R M L 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
We present evidence for the directed formation of ice by planktonic communities dominated by filamentous diatoms sampled from the ice-covered Laurentian Great Lakes. We hypothesize that ice formation promotes attachment of these non-motile phytoplankton to overlying ice, thereby maintaining a favorable position for the diatoms in the photic zone. However, it is unclear whether the diatoms themselves are responsible for ice nucleation. Scanning electron microscopy revealed associations of bacterial epiphytes with the dominant diatoms of the phytoplankton assemblage, and bacteria isolated from the phytoplankton showed elevated temperatures of crystallization (Tc) as high as −3 °C. Ice nucleation-active bacteria were identified as belonging to the genus Pseudomonas, but we could not demonstrate that they were sufficiently abundant to incite the observed freezing. Regardless of the source of ice nucleation activity, the resulting production of frazil ice may provide a means for the diatoms to be recruited to the overlying lake ice, thereby increasing their fitness. Bacterial epiphytes are likewise expected to benefit from their association with the diatoms as recipients of organic carbon excreted by their hosts. This novel mechanism illuminates a previously undescribed stage of the life cycle of the meroplanktonic diatoms that bloom in Lake Erie and other Great Lakes during winter and offers a model relevant to aquatic ecosystems having seasonal ice cover around the world.