bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grade of dysplasia and malignant transformation in adults with premalignant laryngeal lesions
Authors: van Hulst Annelienke M. , Kroon Wouter , van der Linden Evi S. , Nagtzaam Lily , Ottenhof Sarah R. , Wegner Inge , Gunning Amy C. , Grolman Wilko , Braunius Weibel 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this systematic review was to determine the significance of the grade of dysplasia in the development of invasive carcinoma.MethodsA systematic search was performed to identify all relevant evidence. Titles and abstracts were screened using predefined criteria. Remaining articles were critically appraised. Absolute risks and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.ResultsSeven articles were included. Four studies demonstrated an increased risk for the development of laryngeal carcinoma from mild, moderate, and severe dysplasia. Three studies showed an increased risk between the categories of mild and moderate dysplasia.ConclusionThe risk of malignant transformation seems to increase with the grade of dysplasia, although percentages between studies are highly dissimilar. The wide variety and overlapping 95% CIs make it difficult to formulate a strong recommendation. However, moderate dysplasia is more prone for malignant transformation than previously thought, which might influence follow‐up and treatment decisions in the future. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Head Neck 38: E2284–E2290, 2016
An injectable hydrogel derived from small intestine submucosa as a stem cell carrier
Authors: Kim Kyungsook , Kim Moon Suk 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSmall intestine submucosa (SIS) is used as an attractive biomaterial in the field of regenerative medicine because it possesses numerous bioactive factors such as cell adhesion proteins, growth factors, and glycosaminoglycans. In most cases, SIS has been used as sheet and sponge‐like forms. The goal of present study was to prepare an injectable SIS hydrogel and to examine the feasibility as anin vivostem cell carrier of injectable SIS hydrogel form. The rat muscle‐derived stem cells (rMDSCs) were simply incorporated into SIS hydrogel by mixing. The SIS hydrogel showed a porous microstructure.In vitrocytotoxicity test, attachment, and proliferation of rMDSCs on the SIS hydrogel were higher than those on tissue culture dishes. Then rMDSCs‐loaded SIS hydrogel was subcutaneously injected into rats. Thein vivoformed rMDSCs‐loaded SIS hydrogel implant induced the ingrowth of new vessels and cell proliferation. In addition, SIS and rMDSCs suppressed macrophage‐mediated inflammation. In conclusion, we confirmed that injectable SIS hydrogel could serve as a minimally invasive stem cell carrier. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 1544–1550, 2016.
Concurrent recording of RF pulses and gradient fields – comprehensive field monitoring for MRI
Authors: Brunner David O. , Dietrich Benjamin E. , Çavuşoğlu Mustafa , Wilm Bertram J. , Schmid Thomas , Gross Simon , Barmet Christoph , Pruessmann Klaas P. 
Published: August 2015

Reconstruction of MRI data is based on exact knowledge of all magnetic field dynamics, since the interplay of RF and gradient pulses generates the signal, defines the contrast and forms the basis of resolution in spatial and spectral dimensions. Deviations caused by various sources, such as system imperfections, delays, eddy currents, drifts or externally induced fields, can therefore critically limit the accuracy of MRI examinations. This is true especially at ultra‐high fields, because many error terms scale with the main field strength, and higher available SNR renders even smaller errors relevant. Higher baseline field also often requires higher acquisition bandwidths and faster signal encoding, increasing hardware demands and the severity of many types of hardware imperfection.To address field imperfections comprehensively, in this work we propose to expand the concept of magnetic field monitoring to also encompass the recording of RF fields. In this way, all dynamic magnetic fields relevant for spin evolution are covered, including low‐ to audio‐frequency magnetic fields as produced by main magnets, gradients and shim systems, as well as RF pulses generated with single‐ and multiple‐channel transmission systems. The proposed approach permits field measurements concurrently with actual MRI procedures on a strict common time base. The combined measurement is achieved with an array of miniaturized field probes that measure low‐ to audio‐frequency fields via 19F NMR and simultaneously pick up RF pulses in the MRI system's 1H transmit band. Field recordings can form the basis of system calibration, retrospective correction of imaging data or closed‐loop feedback correction, all of which hold potential to render MRI more robust and relax hardware requirements. The proposed approach is demonstrated for a range of imaging methods performed on a 7 T human MRI system, including accelerated multiple‐channel RF pulses. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nitric Oxide-cGMP-PKG Pathway Acts on Orai1 to Inhibit the Hypertrophy of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Wang Y. , Li Z. C. , Zhang P. , Poon E. , Kong C. W. , Boheler K. R. , Huang Y. , Li R. A. , Yao X. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is an abnormal enlargement of heart muscle. It frequently results in congestive heart failure, which is a leading cause of human death. Previous studies demonstrated that the nitric oxide (NO), cyclic GMP (cGMP), and protein kinase G (PKG) signaling pathway can inhibit cardiac hypertrophy and thus improve cardiac function. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, based on the human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte (hESC-CM) model system, we showed that Orai1, the pore-forming subunit of store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), is the downstream effector of PKG. Treatment of hESC-CMs with an α-adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine (PE) caused a marked hypertrophy, which was accompanied by an upregulation of Orai1. Moreover, suppression of Orai1 expression/activity using Orai1-siRNAs or a dominant-negative construct Orai1G98A inhibited the hypertrophy, suggesting that Orai1-mediated SOCE is indispensable for the PE-induced hypertrophy of hESC-CMs. In addition, the hypertrophy was inhibited by NO and cGMP via activating PKG. Importantly, substitution of Ala for Ser34 in Orai1 abolished the antihypertrophic effects of NO, cGMP, and PKG. Furthermore, PKG could directly phosphorylate Orai1 at Ser34 and thus prevent Orai1-mediated SOCE. Together, we conclude that NO, cGMP, and PKG inhibit the hypertrophy of hESC-CMs via PKG-mediated phosphorylation on Orai1-Ser-34. These results provide novel mechanistic insights into the action of cGMP-PKG-related antihypertrophic agents, such as NO donors and sildenafil. Stem Cells 2015;33:2973–2984
Clustering of lifestyle characteristics and their association with cardio-metabolic health: the Lifestyles and Endothelial Dysfunction (EVIDENT) study
Authors: Patino-Alonso Maria C. , Recio-Rodríguez José I. , Magdalena-Belio José Felix , Giné-Garriga María , Martínez-Vizcaino Vicente , Fernández-Alonso Carmen , Arietaleanizbeaskoa María Soledad , Galindo-Villardon María Purificación , Gómez-Marcos Manuel A. , García-Ortiz Luis 
Published: August 2015

AbstractLittle is known about the clustering patterns of lifestyle behaviours in adult populations. We explored clusters in multiple lifestyle behaviours including physical activity (PA), smoking, alcohol use and eating habits in a sample of adult population. A cross-sectional and multi-centre study was performed with six participating groups distributed throughout Spain. Participants (n 1327) were part of the Lifestyles and Endothelial Dysfunction (EVIDENT) study and were aged between 20 and 80 years. The lifestyle and cardiovascular risk (CVR) factors were analysed using a clustering method based on the HJ-biplot coordinates to understand the variables underlying these groupings. The following three clusters were identified. Cluster 1: unhealthy, 677 subjects (51 %), with a slight majority of men (58·7 %), who were more sedentary and smokers with higher consumption of whole-fat dairy products, bigger waist circumference as well as higher TAG levels, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and CVR. Cluster 2: healthy/PA, 265 subjects (20 %), including 24·0 % of males with high PA. Cluster 3: healthy/diet, including 29 % of the participants, with a higher consumption of olive oil, fish, fruits, nuts, vegetables and lower alcohol consumption. Using the unhealthy cluster as a reference, and after adjusting for age and sex, the multiple regression analysis showed that belonging to the healthy/PA cluster was associated with a lower waist circumference, body fat percentage, SBP and CVR. In summary, the three clusters were identified according to lifestyles. The ‘unhealthy’ cluster had the least favourable clinical parameters, the ‘healthy/PA’ cluster had good HDL-cholesterol levels and low SBP and the ‘healthy/diet’ cluster had lower LDL-cholesterol levels and clinical blood pressure.
The relationship between microfilaraemic and amicrofilaraemic loiasis involving co-infection with Mansonella perstans and clinical symptoms in an exposed population from Gabon
Authors: Bouyou Akotet M.K. , Owono-Medang M. , Mawili-Mboumba D.P. , Moussavou-Boussougou M.N. , Nzenze Afène S. , Kendjo E. , Kombila M. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe relationship between the frequency of loiasis objective symptoms and microfilaraemic or amicrofilaraemic infection was assessed in 1148 exposed patients also infected, or not, with Mansonella perstans. Filarial infections were detected by direct microscopy, leucoconcentration and serology, with prevalence values of 39.5% Loa loa, 5.6% M. perstans and 3.4% co-infection with both filarial species. Amicrofilaraemic or occult loiasis (OL) predominated among L. loa-infected individuals, with a prevalence of 58.2%. Hypermicrofilaraemia (>8000 microfilariae (mf)/ml) was found in 18.4% of L. loa microfilaraemic patients, with 25.7% of them harbouring more than 30,000 mf/ml. Up to 34% of patients with OL showed evidence of Calabar swelling, compared with 26.3% of microfilaraemic patients (P= 0.03). Overall 5.3% of patients presented with adult worm migration across the eye, representing 16.3% of microfilaraemic individuals and 11.4% of amicrofilaraemic patients (P= 0.13). This symptom was similarly found in patients with more than 30,000 mf/ml (22%), those with microfilaraemia between 8 and 30,000 mf/ml (15.4%) and also in individuals with low or without microfilaraemia (16.1%) (P= 0.7). Five (14.3%) hypermicrofilaraemic patients did not present any L. loa-specific objective symptoms, as well as all the patients with single M. perstans infection. The presence of adult eye worm migration as a strong predictor of high microfilaraemia density would obscure the real burden of L. loa hypermicrofilaraemia in exposed individuals. For epidemiological purposes and control strategies, the mapping of L. loa in endemic areas should also take into account the group of patients with occult loiasis.
Genetic population structure of the blue sea star Linckia laevigata in the Visayas (Philippines)
Authors: Alcazar Diana Sr , Kochzius Marc 
Published: August 2015

Coral reef associated marine invertebrates, such as the blue sea starLinckia laevigata, have a life history with two phases: sedentary adults and planktonic larvae. On the one hand it is hypothesised that the long pelagic larval duration facilitates large distance dispersal. On the other hand, complex oceanographic and geographic characteristics of the Visayan seascape could cause isolation of populations. The study aims to investigate the genetic diversity, genetic population structure and gene flow inL. laevigatato reveal connectivity among populations in the Visayas. The analysis is based on partial sequences (626 bp in length) of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI) from 124 individuals collected from five localities in the Visayas. A comparative analysis of these populations with populations from the Indo-Malay Archipelago (IMA) published previously is also presented. Genetic diversity was high (h = 0.98, π = 1.6%) and comparable with preceding studies. Analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed a lack of spatial population differentiation among sample sites in the Visayas (ΦST-value = 0.009;P &gt; 0.05). The lack of genetic population structure indicates high gene flow among populations ofL. laevigatain the Visayas. Comparative analysis with data from the previous study indicates high connectivity of the Visayas with the central part of the IMA.
NONVANISHING ELEMENTS FOR BRAUER CHARACTERS
Authors: DOLFI SILVIO , PACIFICI EMANUELE , SANUS LUCIA 
Published: August 2015

Let $G$ be a finite group and $p$ a prime. We say that a $p$-regular element $g$ of $G$ is $p$-nonvanishing if no irreducible $p$-Brauer character of $G$ takes the value $0$ on $g$. The main result of this paper shows that if $G$ is solvable and $g\in G$ is a $p$-regular element which is $p$-nonvanishing, then $g$ lies in a normal subgroup of $G$ whose $p$-length and $p^{\prime }$-length are both at most 2 (with possible exceptions for $p\leq 7$), the bound being best possible. This result is obtained through the analysis of one particular orbit condition in linear actions of solvable groups on finite vector spaces, and it generalizes (for $p>7$) some results in Dolfi and Pacifici [‘Zeros of Brauer characters and linear actions of finite groups’, J. Algebra 340 (2011), 104–113].
Chasing the Frontier in Humanitarian Intervention Law: The Case forAequitas ad Bellum
Authors: SEOW Colin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe question whether humanitarian intervention may ever be lawfully carried out unilaterally outside the scope of Chapter VII of the UN Charter has captured the interest of many for years. Faced with legal formalist arguments under the UN Charter, those otherwise favouring the idea of humanitarian intervention often retreat into an apologist stance by conceding too quickly the lack of cogent legal justifications therefor, preferring instead to rely on moral and ethical reasoning. The doctrine of Responsibility to Protect, while seemingly promising when first mooted in 2001, has since effectively been rendered obsolete as a justification for unilateral humanitarian intervention following the UN World Summit in 2005. By examining the role that equity plays in Article 38(1)(c) of the ICJ Statute, this paper advances the view that anaequitas ad bellumexists in international law that, under certain strict conditions, enables unilateral humanitarian intervention to be lawfully carried out.
Koordination der Forschung an Hochschulambulanzen für Psychotherapie
Authors: Hoyer Jürgen , Velten Julia , Benecke Cord , Berking Matthias , Heinrichs Nina , In-Albon Tina , Lincoln Tania , Lutz Wolfgang , Schlarb Angelika , Schöttke Henning , Willutzki Ulrike , Margraf Jürgen 
Published: August 2015

Zusammenfassung. Forschungsaktivitäten an psychotherapeutischen Hochschulambulanzen (HSA) können einen entscheidenden Beitrag zur Weiterentwicklung und wissenschaftlichen Fundierung von Psychotherapie leisten. Um die vielfältigen Daten, die in HSA in Deutschland gesammelt werden, besser nutzbar zu machen, erscheint eine Koordination der Datenerhebungen und Forschung perspektivisch sinnvoll. In diesem Artikel stellen wir die Ergebnisse einer Umfrage zu den Kernmerkmalen deutscher Hochschulambulanzen (z. B. Fallzahlen, diagnostische Instrumente, verwendete Software) vor und entwickeln auf Basis der Ergebnisse Vorschläge zur besseren Integration der Forschungsbemühungen. Es wurden 53 Hochschulambulanzen in Deutschland identifiziert. Diese erhielten einen Fragebogen zu den jährlichen Fallzahlen, der eingesetzten klinisch-psychologischen Diagnostik, zu den störungsübergreifenden und -spezifischen Fragebögen sowie den erhobenen Patienten- und Therapeutenvariablen und der verwendeten Software. Die Rücklaufquote lag bei 100 %. Insgesamt werden demnach in den deutschen HSA im Erwachsenen- und Kinder-Jugendlichenbereich über 10 000 neue Patienten pro Jahr behandelt. Für die strukturierte und störungsübergreifende Diagnostik werden fast ausnahmslos dieselben Verfahren genutzt. Dem steht eine große Vielfalt von störungsspezifischen Verfahren gegenüber. Die verwendete Datenbanksoftware ist heterogen und nicht vollständig miteinander kompatibel. In der Diskussion verdeutlichen wir, welche außergewöhnliche Plattform für weitere Forschung bereits gegeben ist, aber auch welche Schwierigkeiten, zum Beispiel beim Datenschutz, im Vorfeld einer besseren Forschungsintegration zu lösen sind.
Intestinal macrophages arising from CCR2+ monocytes control pathogen infection by activating innate lymphoid cells
Authors: Seo Sang-Uk , Kuffa Peter , Kitamoto Sho , Nagao-Kitamoto Hiroko , Rousseau Jenna , Kim Yun-Gi , Núñez Gabriel , Kamada Nobuhiko 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMonocytes play a crucial role in antimicrobial host defence, but the mechanisms by which they protect the host during intestinal infection remains poorly understood. Here we show that depletion of CCR2+ monocytes results in impaired clearance of the intestinal pathogen Citrobacter rodentium. After infection, the de novo recruited CCR2+ monocytes give rise to CD11c+CD11b+F4/80+CD103− intestinal macrophages (MPs) within the lamina propria. Unlike resident intestinal MPs, de novo differentiated MPs are phenotypically pro-inflammatory and produce robust amounts of IL-1β (interleukin-1β) through the non-canonical caspase-11 inflammasome. Intestinal MPs from infected mice elicit the activation of RORγt+ group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) in an IL-1β-dependent manner. Deletion of IL-1β in blood monocytes blunts the production of IL-22 by ILC3 and increases the susceptibility to infection. Collectively, these studies highlight a critical role of de novo differentiated monocyte-derived intestinal MPs in ILC3-mediated host defence against intestinal infection.
An integrated system for identifying the hidden assassins in traditional medicines containing aristolochic acids
Authors: Wu Lan , Sun Wei , Wang Bo , Zhao Haiyu , Li Yaoli , Cai Shaoqing , Xiang Li , Zhu Yingjie , Yao Hui , Song Jingyuan , Cheng Yung-Chi , Chen Shilin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTraditional herbal medicines adulterated and contaminated with plant materials from the Aristolochiaceae family, which contain aristolochic acids (AAs), cause aristolochic acid nephropathy. Approximately 256 traditional Chinese patent medicines, containing Aristolochiaceous materials, are still being sold in Chinese markets today. In order to protect consumers from health risks due to AAs, the hidden assassins, efficient methods to differentiate Aristolochiaceous herbs from their putative substitutes need to be established. In this study, 158 Aristolochiaceous samples representing 46 species and four genera as well as 131 non-Aristolochiaceous samples representing 33 species, 20 genera and 12 families were analyzed using DNA barcodes based on the ITS2 and psbA-trnH sequences. Aristolochiaceous materials and their non-Aristolochiaceous substitutes were successfully identified using BLAST1, the nearest distance method and the neighbor-joining (NJ) tree. In addition, based on sequence information of ITS2, we developed a Real-Time PCR assay which successfully identified herbal material from the Aristolochiaceae family. Using Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (UHPLC-HR-MS), we demonstrated that most representatives from the Aristolochiaceae family contain toxic AAs. Therefore, integrated DNA barcodes, Real-Time PCR assays using TaqMan probes and UHPLC-HR-MS system provides an efficient and reliable authentication system to protect consumers from health risks due to the hidden assassins (AAs).
From lithotroph- to organotroph-dominant: directional shift of microbial community in sulphidic tailings during phytostabilization
Authors: Li Xiaofang , Bond Philip L. , Van Nostrand Joy D. , Zhou Jizhong , Huang Longbin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractEngineering microbial diversity to enhance soil functions may improve the success of direct revegetation in sulphidic mine tailings. Therefore, it is essential to explore how remediation and initial plant establishment can alter microbial communities, and, which edaphic factors control these changes under field conditions. A long-term revegetation trial was established at a Pb-Zn-Cu tailings impoundment in northwest Queensland. The control and amended and/or revegetated treatments were sampled from the 3-year-old trial. In total, 24 samples were examined using pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes and various chemical properties. The results showed that the microbial diversity was positively controlled by soil soluble Si and negatively controlled by soluble S, total Fe and total As, implying that pyrite weathering posed a substantial stress on microbial development in the tailings. All treatments were dominated by typical extremophiles and lithotrophs, typically Truepera, Thiobacillus, Rubrobacter; significant increases in microbial diversity, biomass and frequency of organotrophic genera (typically Nocardioides and Altererythrobacter) were detected in the revegetated and amended treatment. We concluded that appropriate phytostabilization options have the potential to drive the microbial diversity and community structure in the tailings toward those of natural soils, however, inherent environmental stressors may limit such changes.
Formation of broadband antireflective and superhydrophilic subwavelength structures on fused silica using one-step self-masking reactive ion etching
Authors: Ye Xin , Jiang Xiaodong , Huang Jin , Geng Feng , Sun Laixi , Zu Xiaotao , Wu Weidong , Zheng Wanguo 
Published: August 2015

AbstractFused silica subwavelength structures (SWSs) with an average period of ~100 nm were fabricated using an efficient approach based on one-step self-masking reactive ion etching. The subwavelength structures exhibited excellent broadband antireflection properties from the ultraviolet to near-infrared wavelength range. These properties are attributable to the graded refractive index for the transition from air to the fused silica substrate that is produced by the ideal nanocone subwavelength structures. The transmittance in the 400–700 nm range increased from approximately 93% for the polished fused silica to greater than 99% for the subwavelength structure layer on fused silica. Achieving broadband antireflection in the visible and near-infrared wavelength range by appropriate matching of the SWS heights on the front and back sides of the fused silica is a novel strategy. The measured antireflection properties are consistent with the results of theoretical analysis using a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. This method is also applicable to diffraction grating fabrication. Moreover, the surface of the subwavelength structures exhibits significant superhydrophilic properties.
Hydrogen reverses the clustering tendency of carbon in amorphous silicon oxycarbide
Authors: Ding Hepeng , Demkowicz Michael J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAmorphous silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) is of great technological interest. However, its atomic-level structure is not well understood. Using density functional theory calculations, we show that the clustering tendency of C atoms in SiOC is extremely sensitive to hydrogen (H): without H, the C-C interaction is attractive, leading to enrichment of aggregated SiC4tetrahedral units; with hydrogen, the C-C interaction is repulsive, leading to enrichment of randomly distributed SiCO3tetrahedral units. Our results suggest that conflicting experimental characterizations of C distributions may be due to differing amounts of H present in the samples investigated. Our work also opens a path for tailoring the properties of SiOC by using the total H content to control the C distribution.