bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lung Hypoplasia Without Other Congenital Anomaly- A Rarely Encountered Entity
Authors: Ghosh Nilanjan , Das Nabanita , Nayek Kaustav 
Published: October 2013

A case of left sided lung hypoplasia is described in a seven year old female. She was admitted in our department with complaints of recurrent chest infections since infancy. Clinical examination revealed a febrile child with respiratory distress and with grossly diminished breath sound with patchy coarse crepitations on left hemithorax. X-ray chest revealed non homogenous opaque shadow on left hemithorax. Bronchscopy and CT thorax confirmed the diagnosis of left sided hypoplasia of lung. No other developmental anomaly was noted. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v33i2.7661 J Nepal Paediatr Soc. 2013; 33(2):138-140
Evaluation development in Senegal
Authors: Lomeña-Gelis Monica 
Published: October 2013

Background: This article outlined the diversified history, the current state and future prospects of planning and evaluation in Senegal. Objectives: The aim was to nurture debate on the quest for a more ‘African-rooted evaluation practice’. Method: The article was based on an extensive grey literature review, the author’s involvement in SenEval and personal interviews. The literature on development evaluation and evaluation capacity development helped to frame the overall analysis. Results: Donor policies and practices have heavily influenced evaluation practice in Senegal but recent changes are shifting the emphasis to more context-specific practice. Some encouraging signs are the creation of a high-level commission for evaluation, the impulsion of results-based management in public administrations and the improved monitoring of poverty reduction strategies. Also promising are the individual evaluation capacities of some local actors and more diversified, professionalised training. The last flagship activities promoted by SenEval, a voluntary organisation of professional evaluators, and the prospects of its formalisation, could be a turning point in the development of evaluation in Senegal. Nevertheless, evaluation practice remains today focused more on accountability and controlthan on learning. Moreover, the institutional setup is not coherent and consolidated to ensure a perennial system to manage, conduct and use evaluations, ensuring their quality and inclusion in the policy cycle. Conclusion: We argued that SenEval has a significant role to play in boosting demand, strengthening the policy and institutional framework and promoting exchanges with the African and international evaluation community.
A Pilot Curriculum to Integrate Community Health Into Internal Medicine Residency Training
Authors: Catalanotti Jillian , Popiel David , Johansson Patrik , Talib Zohray 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Public health training has become an important aspect of residency education. The Institute of Medicine recommends public health training for all resident physicians, and internal medicine educational milestones include general public health skills.

Objective
We sought to integrate community health into internal medicine residency training by developing a community health elective (CHE) curriculum.

Methods
We developed a 2-week CHE curriculum for internal medicine residents, featuring facilitated discussion sessions, clinical experience at health centers targeting medically underserved populations, and a culminating presentation. We evaluated our pilot curriculum using pre-elective and postelective course surveys with Likert-type questions.

Results
Of 150 eligible residents, 32 (21%) enrolled in the elective. Nearly all participants (30 of 32, 94%) strongly agreed that learning about community health was an important part of their residency training. Residents' perceived competence at discharging hospital patients with follow-up at community health sites increased 13-fold after taking the elective (P &lt; .001). There was no increase in reported likelihood to practice in an underserved community or in primary care.

Conclusions
The CHE addresses several Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education competencies and internal medicine Milestones and could be a replicable model for internal medicine residency programs that seek to provide community health training.
Usability issues in mobile learning: Students’ perceptions in Pakistani universities
Authors: Imtinan Umera , Chang Vanessa , Issa Tomayess 
Published: October 2013

AbstractUsability in mobile devices, for learning, has drawn researchers’ attention since the term mobile learning has been coined in teaching and learning arenas. Current mobile devices in the market have ignored the design and styles for learning purposes. Although mobile devices have some features for games purposes, there are other important usability characteristics that ought to be considered to support learning. Therefore, mobile learning researchers need to investigate the learning options with the available capabilities of mobile devices. Students in developing countries reported more problems related to usability based on their individual experiences dealing with mobile devices for learning purposes. This paper aims to identify the implications of usability in mobile devices for learning based on research conducted in Pakistan.
Challenges against the successes of mLearn in Bangladesh
Authors: Parvin Shahanaj 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMobile learning is a recent phenomenon in the Bangladeshi education system. The ongoing English in Action project has been at the forefront of promoting the use of mobile technologies for English language training in Bangladesh, and has been one of the primary examples to demonstrate the potential of mobile devices in the classroom, and teacher professional support. This paper will discuss the challenges that have arisen in the promotion of mobile learning in Bangladesh, as well as the successes as highlighted by the English in Action project. Moreover, it will offer a brief glimpse into the work of the project and its mechanism for spreading mobile learning in typical Bangladeshi context.
Quality of sms-learning as a rapidly growing m-learning mode for foreign language learning
Authors: Fatahipour Majid , Najm Mahnaz Ghasemi 
Published: October 2013

Abstractm-learning breaks away with the traditional education by focusing not just on developing mobile applications but also sms-learning (using regulated text messages) which is useful and engaging for learning English. Yet there is little research on the quality of sms-learning. In this paper, we view m-learning as an ever-present opportunity for learning in what Stead (2012) describes as today's blurred boundary between work and play. A service platform provider, the National Mobile Company of Iran, has enabled several private service providers (SPs) to use text messages for educational purposes. A contribution to the field is integrating theories of linguistics and m-learning. While learners benefit from extensive reading practice at their own pace (Day and Bamford, 1998), the four elements of m-learning proposed by Ray (2004) is a basis for measuring quality. The data comes from semi-structured interviews with three important SPs with 268 active subscribers to their English learning services. An survey was also conducted on the views of over 120 users on pros and cons of these services which found that although sms-learning is very engaging with informal tasks that impact learning (as theorized by Cross, 2007), it has to meet several challenges (e.g. meeting various requirements of learners and learning context, administrative hurdles/costs) to respond better to the users' expectations and learning needs. The quality is concluded as average because the services provided by the SPs were not strong in terms of personal sphere and context sensitivity although they were satisfactory in terms of efficiency and providing interaction.
Supporting Interaction in Learning Activities Using Mobile Devices in Higher Education
Authors: Shishah Wesam , Hopkins Gail , FitzGerald Elizabeth , Higgins Colin 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMobile devices are personal, portable and being increasingly used to assist students’ learning that creates new educational opportunities for students at university. Adopting mobile technologies to various educational activities that students are practicing in Higher Education (HE) is a key challenge yet one that could create powerful opportunities to support academic learning. This research will investigate how students at university use mobile devices with respect to engagement and interaction in various learning activities. It will study how students in HE engage with learning tasks and what social interactions occur when they are trying to achieve their academic goals. Also, the tools/software that support their academic goals in different learning settings or activities will be considered. This paper shows the background of the research to promote students’ interaction in various learning settings (including both different physical environments and different activities) using mobile learning support system.
Adjustment of cast metal post/cores modeled with different acrylic resins
Authors: Gusmão João Milton Rocha , Pereira Renato Piai , Alves Guilhermino Oliveira , Pithon Matheus Melo , Moreira David Costa 
Published: October 2013

Aim: Evaluate the performance of four commercially available chemically-activated acrylic resins (CAARs) by measuring the level of displacement of the cores following casting. Materials and Methods: Two devices were constructed to model the cores based on a natural tooth. Forty post/cores were modeled, 10 in each of the following CAARs: Duralay (Reliance Dental, Illinois, USA), Pattern Resin (GC, Tokyo, Japan), Dencrilay (Dencril, Sao Paulo, Brazil), and Jet (Clássico, Sao Paulo, Brazil). Two casting rings were included,each of which contained 5 post/cores for each of the four CAARs tested, a total of 20 per ring. Following casting, the specimens were only sandblasted and separated from the feeding channels. The post/cores wereplaced in device 1 and, with the aid of an optical microscope, were attached to a digital camera. Images were then taken of the adjustment between the core and the remaining tooth on the labial surface. The images wereprocessed using the Image Tool for Windows, version 3.0, measuring three fixed points in each specimen. Data were statistically analyzed using the ANOVA and Tukey test. Results: The 40 post/cores were dividedinto eight groups according to resin brand and casting, obtaining the following results for mean and standard deviation (in mm): Dencrilay 0.192 CI (± 0.08), CII 0.058 (± 0.03); Duralay CI 0.097 (± 0.03), CII 0.131 (±0.06); Pattern CI 0.07 (± 0.03), CII 0.10 (± 0.05); and Jet CI 0.06 (± 0.02), CII 0.382 (± 0.17). Statistically significant differences could be identified when comparing the Dencrilay CI and the Jet CII with the remaining groups, which all proved to be unfavorable. Conclusion: The quality of cast metal post/core adjustment is not associated with the use of a specific acrylic resin.Uniterms: Post and core techinique. Acrylic resins.
Análise dos custos da saúde bucal na atenção básica no município de Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco
Authors: Lorena Sobrinho José Eudes de , Espírito Santo Antônio Carlos Gomes do 
Published: October 2013

Objetivo: Analisar os custos da saúde bucal na atenção básica no município da Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, no ano de 2010. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de caso, onde foi utilizada ametodologia do custeio por absorção, sendo somados os custos com recursos humanos, com materiais odontológicos e de pensos com finalidade odontológica, com manutenção de equipamentos odontológicose os custos prediais das unidades de saúde. Calculou-se o percentual do financiamento por ente federativo (União, Estado e Município), o custo médio do procedimento odontológico e o custo médio da saúde bucal deatenção básica por habitante. Estabeleceu-se a representatividade do custo total sobre a despesa com a atenção básica e sobre a despesa total com saúde. Resultados: O custo total foi de R$ 1.340.307,80, sendo 85,6%(R$ 1.147.048,00) referentes aos recursos humanos, 8,5% (R$ 114.000,00) à manutenção de equipamentos, 3,2% (R$ 42.635,27) aos custos prediais e 2,7% (R$ 36.624,53) aos recursos materiais. Quanto às fontes de financiamento, 37,5% dos recursos foram provenientes da União e 62,5% do próprio Município. Não se observou repasse de recursos provenientes do Estado. O custo médio do procedimento foi de R$ 14,88 e ocusto médio da saúde bucal de atenção básica por habitante foi de R$ 17,61. O custo total representou 15,3% da despesa total com atenção básica e 6,7% da despesa total com a função saúde. Conclusão: os custos comrecursos humanos foram os mais representativos, sendo esta uma limitação para a ampliação da cobertura do serviço, diante da Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal. O modelo de pacto federativo brasileiro continua conferindoao município a maior responsabilidade pelo financiamento das ações e serviços de saúde bucal, ainda que estes tenham baixa representatividade nos custos com a saúde.Descritores: Economia da saúde. Atenção primaria à saúde. Saúde bucal.
Discarded Bottles as a Mortality Threat to Shrews and Other Small Mammals in the Southern Appalachian Mountains
Authors: Brannon M. Patrick , Bargelt Lindsey B. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
A total of 2,445 discarded bottles were inspected for skeletal remains at 50 roadside pull-off sites along the southeastern Blue Ridge escarpment of North Carolina and Georgia to assess their mortality risk to shrews. Of these, 1,196 bottles were open and served as potential traps, with an average of about 239 open bottles per km of roadside searched. Small mammal remains were found in bottles at 54.0% of the study sites and in 4.7% of the open bottles we examined. A total of 126 specimens were found in bottles representing 4 species of shrews, 2 species of rodents, and one mole, with approximately 25 entrapped specimens per km of roadside examined. Frequency of small mammal entrapment was 10.6% due in part to multiple captures in individual bottles, and the overall mortality rate was calculated as 32.3 animals per year across all sites. Although accumulation of new bottles in this region is slow, those that persist along roads generate enormous numbers of trap-nights which could potentially result in many small mammal fatalities.
Oxidation behavior of alloy HK40 in H2H2O atmosphere
Authors: Shao M.‐Z. , Cui L.‐S. , Zheng Y.‐J. , Wang Y.‐X. , Xing L.‐L. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn the present paper, the isothermal oxidation behavior of alloy HK40 in H2H2O atmosphere in the temperature range 850–950 °C was systematically investigated by means of TGA, XRD, SEM, and EDS. The results demonstrated that the oxidation of alloy HK40 under low oxygen partial pressure obeyed a cubic instead of parabolic rate law. The values of the oxidation rate constant k at 850, 900, and 950 °C were 0.0079, 0.01886 and 0.04031 mg3/(cm6 h) at 850, 900, and 950 °C, respectively. The scales were composed of MnCr2O4 and Cr2O3. MnCr2O4 mainly existed in the form of blades in the outer part of the scale and its amount gradually increased with increasing temperature. In addition, there were silica particles along the scale/metal interface and indications were found that they contribute to the improvement of scale spallation resistance at high temperature as found by scratch tests.
Corrosion dependence of an AlMgSi alloy under MgCl2 solution drop on initial concentration and humidity
Authors: Li J. F. , Zeng F. L. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe corrosion behavior of an Al–0.63Mg–0.28Si alloy under MgCl2 solution droplets with different initial concentration in environments of 33, 75, and 88% relative humidity (RH) was studied using a Kelvin probe. The available cathodic limiting current associated with oxygen reduction was highly dependent on the environment RH and initial concentration. In the 33% RH environment, metastable pitting was the main form of corrosion. In some cases at 75 and 88% RH, the potential baseline decreased slowly by hundreds of mV and remained at the lower value, indicating stable filiform‐like corrosion grew. The initiation time of the stable corrosion was determined by the environment RH and initial concentration. With increasing initial concentration or decreasing environment RH, the available cathodic limiting current decreased, stable corrosion was difficult to occur. The stable corrosion could occur outside the drop and/or inside the drop, which was dependent on not only the cathodic limiting current but also the environment RH.
Corrosion behavior of ZnNiAl2O3 nanocomposite coatings obtained by electrodeposition from alkaline electrolytes
Authors: Blejan D. , Muresan L. M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe aim of this work was to investigate the anti‐corrosive properties of nanocomposite ZnNi coatings containing Al2O3 nanoparticles, prepared from alkaline commercial electrolytes (pH 13), (PERFORMA 280.5, COVENTYA S.A.S, France), by electrodeposition on carbon steel (OL37). The corrosion resistance of the coatings prepared with different concentrations of Al2O3 (5, 10, and 15 g/L) was evaluated in 0.2 g/L Na2SO4 solution (pH 5) by open circuit potential (OCP) measurements, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The results of electrochemical measurements were corroborated with those obtained by using X‐ray diffraction analysis. The obtained results show that the introduction of Al2O3 nanoparticles in the plating bath generally brings an increase in corrosion resistance of ZnNi layers and put in evidence the existence of an optimal Al2O3 concentration. Under the examined conditions, the optimal concentration determined from polarization measurements was proven to be 5 g/L Al2O3. The highest value of the polarization resistance, Rp, obtained from impedance measurements corresponds also to ZnNi with 5 g/L Al2O3, which is in agreement with the results obtained from polarization and XRD measurements.
Optimization of corrosion process of stainless steel coating during cleaning in steel brewery tanks
Authors: Rezić T. , Rezić I. , Blaženović I. , Šantek B. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe aim of this research was to optimize and investigate effects of corrosion process during cleaning of stainless‐steel coatings in microbrewery tanks and to predict their resistance to nitric acid in washing solution. Experimental conditions were limited with minimal concentration of acid that satisfied requirements of sanitation protocol, and maximal concentration of acid that did not cause corrosion and release of metals higher then prescribed law limits. Process was monitored by release of metal ions and optimized by design of experiment (DOE) using software Design‐Expert. This approach proved to be very beneficial, cost reductive, and effective for optimization of complex systems. The results of experiments prediction were compared to additional testing, and their matching proved the effectiveness of modeling. Therefore DOE is an effective tool for estimation of steel coating corrosion processes. In addition, optimized values satisfied required criteria, so the proposed protocol can be used in the effective sanitation of industrial tanks and pipelines in brewing industry.
Corrosion protection of pure aluminium and aluminium alloy (AA7075) in salt solution with silane‐based sol–gel coatings
Authors: Younis A. A. , Ensinger W. , El‐Sabbah M. M. B. , Holze R. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSol–gel films of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), phenyltriethoxysilane (PTES) and phenyltrimethoxysilane (PTMS) were prepared on aluminium and aluminium alloy AA7075 and characterised. The corrosion inhibition properties of uncoated and coated specimens were evaluated with potentiodynamic polarisation scan, linear polarisation resistance and open circuit potential measurements. With scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy effects of the sol–gel coating were shown. Weight loss measurements were performed at different pH‐values. More hydrophobic coatings as PTMS show a considerably better corrosion inhibition capacity as compared to the capacity provided by less hydrophobic ones as TEOS and PTES.
The effect of atmospheric pollution on materials damage
Authors: Syed S. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAccording to ASTM G50‐76, materials have been exposed to atmospheres of Saudi Arabia. Environmental factors such as temperature, relative humidity and deposition rates of pollutants (Cl− and SO2) were investigated. X‐ray diffraction was used for characterization. Corrosion rates were determined by weight loss. As per ISO 9223, aggressivity classification was made. The results obeyed well with the empirical kinetics equation of the form C = Ktn, where K and C are the corrosion losses in mg/cm2 after 1 and t years of the exposure, respectively, and n is constant. Based on n values, the corrosion mechanisms of samples are predicted.
Corrosion rate and corrosion product characterisation using Raman spectroscopy for steel embedded in chloride polluted fly ash mortar
Authors: Criado M. , Martínez‐Ramirez S. , Fajardo S. , Gómez P. P. , Bastidas J. M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractElectrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarisation curves assisted by Raman spectroscopy were used to study the corrosion behaviour and to characterise the corrosion products of reinforcing steel embedded in fly ash mortars with and without chloride pollution. Two alkaline solutions with different soluble silica contents were utilised to activate the fly ash. After 720 days of experimentation the reinforcing steel embedded in fly ash mortar without chlorides remained passive, while the specimens in fly ash polluted with chloride ions (0.4 and 2%) yielded current density values of the order of 2 × 10−5 A/cm2, typical of an active state. The main corrosion products identified on the steel surface were less crystallised phases of iron oxyhydroxide hydrates and goethite (α‐FeOOH) or lepidocrocite (γ‐FeOOH).
Instrumented impact test of duplex stainless steel miniature specimen
Authors: Wunder J. , Karl A. , Dwars A. , Böhm A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe paper describes a new approach to characterize metallic materials by a novel instrumented notch impact test for samples with small specimen size. A piezo‐electric sensor mounted on the pendulum hammer provides force information during the fracture process. By numerical integration of the signal the absorbed impact energy can be calculated very exactly. Further information about the fracture behavior can be extracted from the resulting force‐displacement‐diagram. Several duplex stainless steels in different heat treatment conditions were tested and compared to standard Charpy impact testing specimen. It is concluded that different grades of embrittlement of duplex materials can be detected with high accuracy. Due to a data acquisition rate of 250 kilo‐samples/second and limited stiffness of the pendulum hammer impact energies of less than 7% of maximum energy materials with high brittleness can only be characterized qualitatively.