bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2 wastewater surveillance at the Arlanda airport and Stockholm city during spring 2023: a comparison of variant distribution at different sectoral levels from aircraft, airport region to city wastewater treatment plants
Authors: Gurol Zeynep Cetecioglu , Perez-Zabaleta Mariel , Berg Carlo , Owusu-Agyeman Isaac , Kiyar Ayda , Latorre-Margalef Neus , Botnen Helene , Schönning Caroline , Hugerth Luisa 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Wastewater monitoring, including on aircraft, is a highly efficient method for SARS-CoV-2 surveillance, surpassing traditional passenger testing. Airport wastewater sampling is especially useful for tracking virus spread through travel. This study explored the links between SARS-CoV-2 contents and variants from aircraft to city, assessing the impact of detected variants from international travellers versus the local population. A total of 969 SARS-CoV-2 variants using next-generation sequencing and Freyja software were examined to comprehensively understand the links between the four catchment areas—aircraft, airport, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and the metropolitan area—and compared them to the variants detected in hospitals in Stockholm city. SARS-CoV-2 contents in WWTPs reflected local infection rates, requiring analysis from multiple plants for an accurate city-wide infection assessment. Variants initially found only in the aircraft and the airport didn’t spread widely during the study period. Wastewater monitoring proved to be more effective than clinical testing in the early detection of specific variants, with notable delays observed in the clinical surveillance. Furthermore, a broader range of variants are detected in the wastewater surpassing clinical tests. This underscores the vital role of wastewater-based epidemiology in managing future outbreaks and enhancing global health security.
A rationale for chemical defense mixtures in spruce oleoresin: most monoterpenes are highly toxic to either bark beetles or to their symbiotic fungi, but not both
Authors: Zaman Rashaduz , Jain Akanksha , Hammerbacher Almuth , Gershenzon Jonathan , Kandasamy Dineshkumar 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

1. Chemical defenses, such as the monoterpenes of conifer oleoresin frequently occur as complex blends of many components, but the underlying ecological reasons for these mixtures are not yet known. Several theories attempt to explain the existence of chemical defense mixtures in plants. However, due to limited empirical evidence, it is unclear which theories might best apply.
2. Here, we tested the bioactivity of 12 individual Norway spruce monoterpenes and their mixtures to adult Eurasian spruce bark beetles, Ips typographus, and three major symbiotic fungi in the vapor phase using survival and growth bioassays. Next, we evaluated whether spruce trees could alter their monoterpene profile in response to fungal infection.
3. Individual monoterpenes had generally opposite effects on bark beetles compared to symbiotic fungi. The compounds that were most toxic to beetles were the least inhibitory to fungal growth and vice versa. The least abundant monoterpenes had the strongest bioactivity against both beetles and fungi, while the most abundant monoterpenes showed intermediate bioactivity. Among the symbiotic fungi tested, one (Grosmannia penicillata) exhibited high tolerance to monoterpenes, and its growth was even stimulated by the monoterpenes most toxic to the beetle. Interestingly, spruce bark responded to G. penicillata inoculation by accumulating higher concentrations of specifically fungistatic monoterpenes.
4. Our results support the interaction diversity hypothesis, which posits that defense mixtures are maintained in plants because the individual components target different attackers. The monoterpene identity and concentration together determine the effectiveness of these compounds against herbivores and pathogens.
Assessing Value-Laden Technology
Authors: Niiniluoto Ilkka 
Published: August 2024

Technological innovations—tools, artefacts, and processes—open up new possibilities of human action and thereby increase the domain of our positive freedom. Technology is inherently value-laden, since such an intended increase of freedom may be a good or bad relative to human values. The use of tools may also involve unintended and unwanted by-products and side effects. Therefore, technology should not develop in a deterministic or random manner but should be guided by reasonable democratic principles. Technology assessment (TA) is a pattern for the evaluation of technological projects and products by their costs and benefits, risks, and profits. Using philosophical distinctions and arguments as its method, this paper explains, elaborates, and illustrates Niiniluoto’s formula TA = 6E + S for TA. The first E is effectiveness, the ability of the new tool or solution to produce its intended effects. This is the main concern of the engineer. The second is its economic profit, based on the monetary exchange value of the product. This is the domain of economic theories. Effectiveness and economy, and efficiency as their combination, are not the only relevant dimensions of TA. As products of design, artefacts have esthetic qualities, studied today in applied esthetics. The relations of tools to the health of their users are studied in ergonomics. The relations of human technologies to the health of the natural environment and sustainable development are treated in ecology. Technical tools and their effects can always be evaluated by ethical standards which concern their moral worth. Technological systems have also an impact which is social in the broad sense, since they can lead to changes in the communicative, legal, institutional, and political spheres of society.
A novel camera-based sensor for real-time wastewater quality monitoring
Authors: Antonini Giorgio , Pearce Joshua M. , Berruti Franco , Santoro Domenico 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Recent advancements have significantly improved turbidity and absorbance measurement techniques, crucial for municipal and industrial wastewater quality monitoring. This experimental system utilizes image analysis and machine learning on monochrome-camera images of real secondary wastewater effluent samples, irradiated with six LEDs, to classify turbidity and predict absorbance in the visible range. It focuses on low turbidity measurements (0–15 nephelometric turbidity units [NTUs]), the hardest challenge for conventional turbidity sensors. Specifically, this camera-based technique was able to classify within a 2 NTU class, 96 turbidity samples collected from a real wastewater treatment plant with precision and accuracy of over 96%. Additionally, it effectively predicted turbidity and absorbance with a neural network, achieving R-squared coefficients of 0.76 and 0.72, respectively. This innovative monitoring system, deployable in several locations of a wastewater treatment plant, not only addresses the limitations of the existing methods for the low turbidity range but also brings the potential for plant-wide process monitoring. Further testing is in progress to validate the proposed approach in other wastewater applications, such as combined sewer overflow monitoring and waste-activated sludge upset detection where more extreme and rapid changes are expected to occur.
Pengaruh Penambahan Chitosan Oligosaccharide (COS) dan L-Arginine Pada Pakan Ayam Broiler Terhadap Rasio Konversi Energi dan Protein
Authors: Pramujo Muhammad , Puspita Poppy Satya , Mutia Rita , Wijayanti Indah 
Published: August 2024

Penggunaan Antibiotic growth promotor (AGP) untuk peternakan unggas telah dilarang mulai Januari 2018. Ketiadaan AGP dalam pakan broiler sangat berpengaruh terhadap produktivitas ternak terutama di Indonesia yang beriklim tropis. Oleh karena Itu, diperlukan alternatif lain selain AGP untuk mempertahankan dan meningkatkan produktivitas ternak. Penelitian mengenai penambahan Chitosan Oligosaccharide (COS) dan L-arginine pada pakan ayam broiler dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap rasio konversi energi dan protein. Sebanyak 300 broiler strain Lohmann umur sehari dengan rataan bobot badan 46 Â± 0,7 g, ditempatkan ke dalam lima perlakuan dan enam ulangan (10 ekor per ulangan) secara acak dan dipelihara selama 35 hari. Perlakuan pada penelitian ini meliputi pakan basal (PB) (T0), PB + Zinc Bacitracine 200 mg kg-1 (T1), PB + COS 100 mg kg-1 (P2), PB + L-arginine sampai 1,9% (T3), PB + COS mg kg-1 + L-arginine sampai 1,9% (T4). Â Berdasarkan hasil penelitian penambahan COS dan L-arginine serta kombinasi antar keduanya mampu menurunkan (P<0,05) rasio konversi energi dibandingkan dengan perlakuan kontrol (P0). Pada peubah rasio konversi protein penambahan COS tidak berbeda (P>0,05) dengan perlakuan P0, sedangkan pada perlakuan L-arginine dan kombinasi memberikan hasil yang berbeda signifikan (P<0,05) dibandingkan dengan perlakuan P0. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan suplementasi COS dan L-arginine serta kombinasinya memberikan efek positif terhadap rasio konversi energi dan protein pada ayam broiler.
Impact of a New Gynecologic Oncology Hashtag During Virtual-Only ASCO Annual Meetings: An X (Twitter) Social Network Analysis
Authors: Bhandoria Geetu , Bilir Esra , Uwins Christina , Vidal-Alaball Josep , Fuster-Casanovas Aïna , Ahmed Wasim 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Official conference hashtags are commonly used to promote tweeting and social media engagement. The reach and impact of introducing a new hashtag during an oncology conference have yet to be studied. The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) conducts an annual global meeting, which was entirely virtual due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021.

Objective
This study aimed to assess the reach and impact (in the form of vertices and edges generated) and X (formerly Twitter) activity of the new hashtags #goASCO20 and #goASCO21 in the ASCO 2020 and 2021 virtual conferences.

Methods
New hashtags (#goASCO20 and #goASCO21) were created for the ASCO virtual conferences in 2020 and 2021 to help focus gynecologic oncology discussion at the ASCO meetings. Data were retrieved using these hashtags (#goASCO20 for 2020 and #goASCO21 for 2021). A social network analysis was performed using the NodeXL software application.

Results
The hashtags #goASCO20 and #goASCO21 had similar impacts on the social network. Analysis of the reach and impact of the individual hashtags found #goASCO20 to have 150 vertices and 2519 total edges and #goASCO20 to have 174 vertices and 2062 total edges. Mentions and tweets between 2020 and 2021 were also similar. The circles representing different users were spatially arranged in a more balanced way in 2021. Tweets using the #goASCO21 hashtag received significantly more responses than tweets using #goASCO20 (75 times in 2020 vs 360 times in 2021; z value=16.63 and P<.001). This indicates increased engagement in the subsequent year.

Conclusions
Introducing a gynecologic oncology specialty–specific hashtag (#goASCO20 and #goASCO21) that is related but different from the official conference hashtag (#ASCO20 and #ASCO21) helped facilitate discussion on topics of interest to gynecologic oncologists during a virtual pan-oncology meeting. This impact was visible in the social network analysis.
Incidence of Postoperative Diabetes Mellitus After Roux-en-Y Reconstruction for Gastric Cancer: Retrospective Single-Center Cohort Study
Authors: Onishi Tatsuki 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Sleeve gastrectomy is an effective surgical option for morbid obesity, and it improves glucose homeostasis. In patients with gastric cancer and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), gastrectomy, including total gastrectomy, is beneficial for glycemic control.

Objective
This study aims to clarify the effects of gastrectomy and different reconstructive techniques on the incidence of postoperative DM in patients with gastric cancer.

Methods
This retrospective, single-center, cohort study included 715 patients without DM who underwent total gastrectomy at the Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital between August 2005 and March 2019. Patients underwent reconstruction by Roux-en-Y (RY) gastric bypass or other surgical techniques (OT), with DM onset determined by hemoglobin A1c levels or medical records. Analyses included 2-sample, 2-tailed t tests; χ2 tests; and the Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank tests to compare the onset curves between the RY and OT groups, along with additional curves stratified by sex. A Swimmer plot for censoring and new-onset DM was implemented.

Results
Stratified data analysis compared the RY and OT reconstruction methods. The hazard ratio was 1.52 (95% CI 1.06-2.18; P=.02), which indicated a statistically significant difference in the incidence of new-onset diabetes between the RY and OT groups in patients with gastric cancer. The hazard ratio after propensity score matching was 1.42 (95% CI 1.09-1.86; P=.009).

Conclusions
This first-of-its-kind study provides insight into how different methods of gastric reconstruction affect postoperative diabetes. The results suggest significant differences in new-onset DM after surgery based on the reconstruction method. This research highlights the need for careful surgical planning to consider potential postoperative DM, particularly in patients with a family history of DM. Future studies should investigate the role of gut microbiota and other reconstructive techniques, such as laparoscopic jejunal interposition, in developing postoperative DM.
Evaluation of AI-Driven LabTest Checker for Diagnostic Accuracy and Safety: Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Szumilas Dawid , Ochmann Anna , Zięba Katarzyna , Bartoszewicz Bartłomiej , Kubrak Anna , Makuch Sebastian , Agrawal Siddarth , Mazur Grzegorz , Chudek Jerzy 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
In recent years, the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in health care is progressively transforming medical fields, with the use of clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) as a notable application. Laboratory tests are vital for accurate diagnoses, but their increasing reliance presents challenges. The need for effective strategies for managing laboratory test interpretation is evident from the millions of monthly searches on test results’ significance. As the potential role of CDSSs in laboratory diagnostics gains significance, however, more research is needed to explore this area.

Objective
The primary objective of our study was to assess the accuracy and safety of LabTest Checker (LTC), a CDSS designed to support medical diagnoses by analyzing both laboratory test results and patients’ medical histories.

Methods
This cohort study embraced a prospective data collection approach. A total of 101 patients aged ≥18 years, in stable condition, and requiring comprehensive diagnosis were enrolled. A panel of blood laboratory tests was conducted for each participant. Participants used LTC for test result interpretation. The accuracy and safety of the tool were assessed by comparing AI-generated suggestions to experienced doctor (consultant) recommendations, which are considered the gold standard.

Results
The system achieved a 74.3% accuracy and 100% sensitivity for emergency safety and 92.3% sensitivity for urgent cases. It potentially reduced unnecessary medical visits by 41.6% (42/101) and achieved an 82.9% accuracy in identifying underlying pathologies.

Conclusions
This study underscores the transformative potential of AI-based CDSSs in laboratory diagnostics, contributing to enhanced patient care, efficient health care systems, and improved medical outcomes. LTC’s performance evaluation highlights the advancements in AI’s role in laboratory medicine.
Gender and Sexuality Awareness in Medical Education and Practice: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Khamisy-Farah Rola , Biras Eden , Shehadeh Rabie , Tuma Ruba , Atwan Hisham , Siri Anna , Converti Manlio , Chirico Francesco , Szarpak Łukasz , Biz Carlo , Farah Raymond , Bragazzi Nicola 
Published: August 2024

Background
The integration of gender and sexuality awareness in health care is increasingly recognized as vital for patient outcomes. Despite this, there is a notable lack of comprehensive data on the current state of physicians’ training and perceptions in these areas, leading to a gap in targeted educational interventions and optimal health care delivery.

Objective
The study’s aim was to explore the experiences and perceptions of attending and resident physicians regarding the inclusion of gender and sexuality content in medical school curricula and professional practice in Israel.

Methods
This cross-sectional survey targeted a diverse group of physicians across various specializations and experience levels. Distributed through Israeli Medical Associations and professional networks, it included sections on experiences with gender and sexuality content, perceptions of knowledge, the impact of medical school curricula on professional capabilities, and views on integrating gender medicine in medical education. Descriptive and correlational analyses, along with gender-based and medical status-based comparisons, were used, complemented, and enhanced by qualitative analysis of participants’ replies.

Results
The survey, encompassing 189 respondents, revealed low-to-moderate exposure to gender and sexuality content in medical school curricula, with a similar perception of preparedness. A need for more comprehensive training was widely recognized. The majority valued training in these areas for enhancing professional capabilities, identifying 10 essential gender-related knowledge areas. The preference for integrating gender medicine throughout medical education was significant. Gender-based analysis indicated variations in exposure and perceptions.

Conclusions
The study highlights a crucial need for the inclusion of gender and sexuality awareness in medical education and practice. It suggests the necessity for curriculum development, targeted training programs, policy advocacy, mentorship initiatives, and research to evaluate the effectiveness of these interventions. The findings serve as a foundation for future directions in medical education, aiming for a more inclusive, aware, and prepared medical workforce.
Software solutions in agri-food supply chains: a current view for sustainability reporting
Authors: Loy Ryan , Britton Logan L. , Malone Trey 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Environmental impact reporting has become a lynchpin for global agri-food supply chain decision-making. This importance has become heightened as governing bodies such as the European Union pass traceability legislation in an effort to reduce Scope 3 emissions. Despite this heightened importance, few studies have explored the role of supply chain management software in achieving sustainability goals within the agribusiness sector. This article provides a current perspective on ongoing supply chain and logistics software issues that might restrict the effectiveness of sustainability reporting. We argue that agribusinesses may struggle to achieve sustainability targets effectively without proficiency in supply chain software. This research contributes to the field by offering a nuanced understanding of the technological competencies required for sustainability success in agribusiness. This article highlights the importance of developing and implementing advanced supply chain management software to address the need for enhanced sustainability practices within the agribusiness sector. Using interviews with pre-farmgate and post-farmgate agribusiness employees, we demonstrate how these software skills will likely impact sustainability reporting and governance. Managerial implications also include the need for targeted skill development to facilitate more sustainable agribusiness management practices, as mastering such technological competencies is critical for adhering to evolving global environmental standards.
Meningkatkan keterampilan menulis dongeng peserta didik kelas III melalui metode mind mapping
Authors: Pratiwi Ardini , Indihadi Dian , Saputra Erwin Rahayu 
Published: August 2024

Pembelajaran keterampilan menulis termasuk dalam keterampilan yang penting dalam berkomunikasi dengan baik dan benar, khususnya dalam berkomunikasi tulisan. Pada penelitian ini keterampilan menulis difokuskan pada kegiatan menulis dongeng khususnya peserta didik kelas III SD. Pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan di SDN Karangsari 1 Kota Tangerang dengan subjek penelitian adalah peserta didik kelas III. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat pengaruh keterampilan menulis dongeng dengan penggunaan metode mind mapping dalam proses pembelajaran. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah eksperimen dengan desain kuasi eksperimen. Pemilihan sampel pada eksperimen kuasi dilakukan dengan teknik simple random sampling. Bentuk design kuasi eksperimen yang digunakan adalah Nonequivalent control group design. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata pretest kelas eksperimen adalah 49,35 sedangkan rata-rata posttest kelas eksperimen adalah 81,74. Rata-rata pretest kelas kontrol adalah 57,83 sedangkan rata-rata posttest kelas kontrol adalah 72,07. Berdasarkan analisis uji-t, terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar siswa dengan thitung 2,786. Sedangkan berdasarkan analisis uji gain, peningkatan hasil belajar siswa kelas eksperimen dalam kategori cukup efektif dengan rata-rata 71,93 dan peningkatan hasil belajar siswa kelas kontrol dalam kategori tidak efektif yaitu 34,28 sehingga hasil belajar siswa dengan penggunaan metode mind mapping efektif dalam meningkatkan keterampilan menulis dongeng peserta didik kelas III.
Tathwir Wasilah Ta'lim al-Lughah al-Arabiyyah al-Tafa'uliyyah 'ala Asas al-Lu'bah al-Ta'limiyyah Quizizz fi Madah al-Mubtada' wa al-Khabar li Tullab al-Saff al-'Ashir bi al-Madrasah al-'Aliyah al-Hukumiyyah Palopo
Authors: Syamsuddin Naidin , Kamal Helmi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis research aims to determine the development process and validity level of the developed product. The type of research is research and development (R&D) using the D4 development model which consists of four stages, namely the identification, design, development, and dissemination stages. The research subjects are tenth graders at Walewang State High School. The data collection methods used are observation, interviews, validation sheets, student response questionnaires, and documents. The data were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative data analysis methods. The result of this research and development is an interactive Arabic language learning medium based on the Quizizz educational game for the subject-predicate material for tenth graders at Walewang State High School. Product validation results: 1) Subject matter expert validation obtained a score of 90.91%; 2) and media experts got 96.92%; 3) and language experts got 82.86%; 4) and education experts got 97.65%. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the developed learning media is very valid for application in Arabic language learning. Keywords: Interactive learning media, Quizizz educational game, subject-predicate???????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ??? ????? ?? ????? ???????? (R&D) ???????? ????? ????? D4 ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?????????. ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????. ??????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????????. ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????. ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????. ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????:1) ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? 90.91%? 2) ????? ??????? ??? ??? 96.92%? 3) ????? ????? ??? ??? 82.86%? 4) ????? ??????? ??? ??? 97.65%. ????? ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???????. ??????? ????????: ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????.