Gambaran Faktor Risiko Hiperbilirubinemia Pada Neonatus yang Dirawat di Ruang Perinatologi RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang
Authors: Fadhillah Ilham Arief , Afdal Afdal , Pertiwi Dian , Masnadi Nice Rachmawati , Rofinda Zelly Dia , Handayani Tuti 
Published: June 2024

Abstrak
Latar Belakang: Hiperbilirubinemia ditandai dengan adanya ikterus. Hiperbilirubinemia dibedakan menjadi dua jenis, yaitu hiperbilirubinemia fisiologis dan patologis. Hiperbilirubinemia pada neonatus perlu mendapat perhatian karena dapat menyebabkan neonatus mengalami bilirubin ensefalopati akut atau pada fase lanjut akan menyebabkan kernikterus
Objektif: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran faktor risiko hiperbilirubinemia pada neonatus yang dirawat di perinatologi RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif retrospektif yang menggunakan data rekam medis neonatus dengan hiperbilirubinemia pada bulan Januari 2021 hingga Desember 2022
Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan 58,6% neonatus dengan hiperbilirubinemia berjenis kelamin laki-laki, dan 35,7% masuk dalam kategori high risk. Kejadian faktor risiko hiperbilrubinemia pada neonatus adalah 35,6% dengan berat lahir rendah, 32,8% dengan inkompatibilitas darah, 32,8% dengan preterm, 21,4% dengan infeksi, 7,1% dengan breastfeeding jaundice, dan 1,4% dengan ibu diabetes melitus. Tidak ditemukan faktor risiko polisitemia pada neonatus yang hiperbilirubinemia.
Kesimpulan. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan faktor risiko hiperbilirubinemia pada neonatus terbanyak adalah BBLR, diikuti oleh faktor risiko lainnya seperti inkompatibilitas darah, usia gestasi, infeksi, breastfeeding jaundice, dan ibu diabetes melitus

Abstract
Background: Hyperbilirubinemia is an increased level of bilirubin in the blood which is clinically characterized by icterus. There are
various risk factors for hyperbilirubinemia in neonates so attention needs to be paid because it can cause neonates to experience acute bilirubin encephalopathy or in the advanced phase it can cause kernicterus.
Objective: This study aims to describe the risk factors for hyperbilirubinemia in neonates treated at the neonatology department of RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang.
Method: This research is a retrospective descriptive study using medical records of neonates with hyperbilirubinemia. This research was conducted at RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang in January 2021 – December 2022. In this study, 70 samples were obtained from neonates with a diagnosis of hyperbilirubinemia who met the inclusion criteria.
Result: The results of this study founded that 35,7% of neonates with hyperbilirubinemia were included in the high risk category. 41% of neonates with hyperbilirubinemia are male. The risk factors for hyperbilirubinemia in neonates were 35.6% with low birth weight neonates, 32.8% with blood incompatibility, 32.8% with preterm, 21.4% with infections, 7.1% with breastfeeding jaundice, and 1.4% with diabetes mellitus. No risk factors for polycythemia were found in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia.
Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is the most common risk factor for hyperbilirubinemia in neonates is LBW, followed by other risk factors such as blood incompatibility, gestational age, infection, breastfeeding jaundice, cholestasis, and maternal diabetes mellitus.
Keyword: Neonates, hyperbilirubinemia, risk factors.