bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐temporal scale changes of streamflow and sediment load in a loess hilly watershed of China
Authors: Gao Guangyao , Ma Ying , Fu Bojie 
Published: June 2015

AbstractGlobal climate change and diverse human activities have resulted in distinct temporal–spatial variability of watershed hydrological regimes, especially in water‐limited areas. This study presented a comprehensive investigation of streamflow and sediment load changes on multi‐temporal scales (annual, flood season, monthly and daily scales) during 1952–2011 in the Yanhe watershed, Loess Plateau. The results indicated that the decreasing trend of precipitation and increasing trend of potential evapotranspiration and aridity index were not significant. Significant decreasing trends (p < 0.01) were detected for both the annual and flood season streamflow, sediment load, sediment concentration and sediment coefficient. The runoff coefficient exhibited a significantly negative trend (p < 0.01) on the flood season scale, whereas the decreasing trend on the annual scale was not significant. The streamflow and sediment load during July–August contributed 46.7% and 86.2% to the annual total, respectively. The maximum daily streamflow and sediment load had the median occurrence date of July 31, and they accounted for 9.7% and 29.2% of the annual total, respectively. All of these monthly and daily hydrological characteristics exhibited remarkable decreasing trends (p < 0.01). However, the contribution of the maximum daily streamflow to the annual total progressively decreased (−0.07% year−1), while that of maximum daily sediment load increased over the last 60 years (0.08% year−1). The transfer of sloping cropland for afforestation and construction of check‐dams represented the dominant causes of streamflow and sediment load reductions, which also made the sediment grain finer. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient Host‐Guest Complexation of a Bisporphyrin Host with Electron Deficient Guests: Synthesis, Structure, and Photoinduced Electron Transfer
Authors: Mondal Pritam , Rath Sankar Prasad 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe encapsulation of 1,8‐naphthalic anhydride (NAN), 9‐dicyanomethylenefluorene (9‐DCF), acenaphthenequinone (ANQ), and 4‐chloro‐7‐nitrobenzofurazan (NBD‐Cl) by diethylpyrrole‐bridged bisporphyrin (H4DEP) and its dizinc(II) analogue (Zn2DEP) are employed to investigate the structural and spectroscopic changes within the bisporphyrin cavity upon substrate binding. Synthesis and X‐ray structures of all four encapsulated host‐guest complexes (H4DEP⋅NAN, H4DEP⋅9‐DCF, Zn2DEP⋅ANQ, and Zn2DEP⋅NBD‐Cl) are reported here. The binding constant calculations show strong 1 : 1 binding between the hosts (H4DEP and Zn2DEP) and the guests (NAN/9‐DCF/ANQ/NBD‐Cl). 1H‐NMR spectra also support the retention of the host‐guest assemblies in solution. Negative and positive shifts of the reduction and oxidation potentials, respectively, indicate that it is difficult to reduce/oxidize the encapsulated complexes. The emission intensities of the bisporphyrins (H4DEP and Zn2DEP) are substantially quenched in all the complexes, owing to photoinduced electron transfer from the excited state of the bisporphyrins to guest molecules. All the experimental evidence is further substantiated by DFT calculations. Such an efficient electron transfer is only possible when the donor and the acceptor moieties are in close propinquity to each other, which eventually lowers the reorganization energy.
What is Systems Engineering and Who Should Do It?
Authors: Mar Emeritus Brian W. 
Published: June 2015

INCOSE has developed a definition of systems engineering, yet the debate continues on what it is and who should do it. I have attempted to define basic concepts of systems engineering, that anyone can embrace. These basic concepts are:

Understanding problems before
seeking solutions
Recognizing that problem statements need to address functions as well as requirements that the solution must satisfy
Viewing the problem as well as the solution as systems
Verifying that solutions satisfy problem statements
Capturing all information developed in understanding and solving the problem
The Relationship Between Transformational Leadership Practices and Global Social Responsibility
Authors: Ewest Timothy 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe present study explored whether there was a correlation between global social responsibility and transformational leadership using the Global Social Responsibility Inventory and the Student Leadership Practices Inventory existed. The findings showed a positive correlation between transformational leadership and global social responsibility. Specifically, four of five variables on the Student Leadership Practices Inventory, an instrument that measures transformational leadership, correlated with global social responsibility (prosocial behavior) as measured on the scale of Global Social Responsibility Inventory.
Unraveling the impact of workforce age diversity on labor productivity: The moderating role of firm size and job security
Authors: De Meulenaere Kim , Boone Christophe , Buyl Tine 
Published: June 2015

SummaryPrevious literature has suggested both positive and negative effects of age diversity on labor productivity: positive because of the potential knowledge complementarities between employees of different ages and negative because of the age‐related value differences that might reduce cohesion and cooperation, hampering firm performance. Using a Belgian sample of 5892 organizational observations (2008–2011), we unraveled these countervailing effects in two ways. First, we built on prior studies to suggest that the effect of age diversity depends on the particular shape of the age distribution: positive when it is heterogeneous (i.e., variety) and negative when it is polarized (i.e., polarization). This was supported by our findings. Second, we explored the moderating impact of two contextual contingencies, firm size and job security. As expected, the positive effect of age variety is reinforced in large firms and in firms where job security is high. Although firm size also emphasizes the negative effect of age polarization on productivity, job security, unexpectedly, does not moderate this relationship. Our study offers a valuable contribution to the literature as it reveals the boundary conditions of the competing implications of age diversity and, thus, allows one to account for the inconclusive findings reported in previous literature. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Characterization, and thermoresponsive properties of Helical Polypeptides Derivatized from Poly(γ−4‐(3‐chloropropoxycarbonyl)benzyl‐L‐glutamate)
Authors: Deng Yong , Wang Xi , Yuan Qiulin , Zhu Mengxiang , Ling Ying , Tang Haoyu 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTA series of side‐chain‐functionalized α‐helical polypeptides, i.e., poly(γ‐4‐(3‐chloropropoxycarbonyl)benzyl‐L‐glutamate) (6) have been prepared from n‐butylamine initiated ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of γ‐4‐(3‐chloropropoxycarbonyl)benzyl‐L‐glutamic acid‐based N‐carboxyanhydride. Polypeptides bearing oligo‐ethylene‐glycol (OEG) groups or 1‐butylimidazolium salts were prepared from 6 via copper‐mediated [2+3] alkyne‐azide 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition or nuleophilic substitution, respectively. CD and FTIR analysis revealed that the polymers adopt α‐helical conformations both in solution and the solid state. Polymers bearing OEG (m = 3) side‐chains showed reversible LCST‐type phase transition behaviors in water while polymers bearing 1‐butylimidazolium and I− counter‐anions exhibited reversible UCST‐type transitions in water. Variable‐temperature UV‐vis analysis revealed that the phase transition temperatures (Tpts) were dependent on the main‐chain length and polymeric concentration. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 2469–2480
Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetic Properties of a Mn4 Cluster derived from Benzimidazole‐Alcohol Ligands
Authors: Wang Feng , Ding Yu , Guo Liangui , Du Jun , Zhang Xiaowen 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe synthesis, crystal structure, and magnetic properties of a [MnIII3MnII(μ3‐O)(mbp)3(OAc)3]·4H2O (1) [H2mbp = 2‐(1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐yl)‐2‐ methylpropane‐1,3‐diol] cluster are reported herein. Mn ions in compound 1 have a tetrahedron topology. Solid‐state direct current and alternating current magnetic susceptibility measurements on compound 1 reveal a ground state with ST = 7/2 as well as the probable single‐molecule magnetic behavior.
Crystal and Electronic Structure of Y5Al3C4
Authors: Kotyrba Martin R. , Cuervo‐Reyes Eduardo , Nesper Reinhard 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe novel ternary aluminum carbide Y5Al3C4 was synthesized using lithium metal as flux at high temperature (1523 K). Single‐crystal structure determination of the title compound revealed a new structure type with the Wyckoff‐sequence jhg2da. Y5Al3C4 crystallizes in the tetragonal space group P4/mbm (no. 127) with Z = 2 and lattice parameters a = 10.8442(11) and c = 3.5234(4) Å. The compound has metallic appearance and shows remarkable structural features at the border between intermetallics and Zintl phases. The electronic band structure and the electron localization function (ELF) were calculated, both of which support the view of the infinite 1∞[C–(Al–C)–]6– chain as a Zintl‐type anion containing aluminum and carbon. Surface cuts of the ELF also disclose intermetallic features such as yttrium‐assisted Al–Al (or multicenter) bonds in the aluminum substructure. Possible views of the charge partitioning are discussed.
Reactivity of an Octanuclear Copper(I) Siloxide Compound – Isolation of a Copper(II) Oxo Compound with a Supertetrahedral Core
Authors: Schax Fabian , Limberg Christian 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe reactivity of the octanuclear copper(I) siloxide compound [L4Cu8], (1) (L2– = –OPh2SiOSiPh2O–), towards external substrates was tested. In the presence of N‐donor molecules like acetonitrile and propionitrile 1 decomposes with formation of cyclic siloxane rings. Contact with 2,2′‐bipyridine (bipy) leads to the formation of a mixed valent tricopper complex [L2Cu3(bipy)2], (3), which likely represents an intermediate of the disproportion of 1 to elemental copper and a mononuclear copper(II) complex [LCu1(bipy)], (2), which was isolated and characterized as the final product. The addition of O2 to 1 leads to an unprecedented supertetrahedral copper(II) complex [L6Cu10(μ4‐O)4(MeCN)4], (4), that incorporates four μ4‐oxido ligands. The structural parameters for compounds 2–4 were elucidated by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography.
Reported and Intended Behaviour Towards Those With Mental Health Problems in the Czech Republic and England
Authors: Winkler P. , Csémy L. , Janoušková M. , Mladá K. , Bankovská Motlová L. , Evans-Lacko S. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis is one of the first studies, which compares the level of stigmatizing behaviour in countries that used to be on the opposite sides of the Iron Curtain. The aim was to identify the prevalence of reported and intended stigmatizing behaviour towards those with mental health problems in the Czech Republic and to compare these findings with the findings from England. The 8-item Reported and Intended Behaviour Scale (RIBS) was used to assess stigmatising behaviour among a representative sample of the Czech population (n = 1797). Results were compared with the findings of an analogous survey from England (n = 1720), which also used the RIBS. The extent of reported behaviour (i.e., past and present experiences with those with mental health problems) was lower in the Czech Republic than in England. While 12.7% of Czechs reported that they lived, 12.9% that they worked, and 15.3% that they were acquainted with someone who had mental health problems, the respective numbers for England were 18.5%, 26.3% and 32.5% (P < 0.001 in each of these items). On the other hand, the extent of intended stigmatizing behaviour towards those with mental health problems is considerably higher in the Czech Republic. Out of maximum 20 points attached to possible responses to the RIBS items 5–8, Czechs had a lower total score (x = 11.0, SD = 4.0) compared to English respondents (x = 16.1, SD = 3.6), indicating lower willingness to accept a person with mental health problems (P < 0.001). The prevalence of stigmatizing behaviour in the Czech Republic is worrying. Both, further research and evidence based anti-stigma interventions, should be pursued in order to better understand and decrease stigmatizing behaviour in the Czech Republic and possibly across the post-communist countries in Central and Eastern Europe.
Availability, Cost or Culture? Obstacles to Childcare Services for Low-Income Families
Authors: ABRASSART AURÉLIEN , BONOLI GIULIANO 
Published: June 2015

AbstractRecent research has highlighted the existence of a social bias in the extent to which children have access to childcare. In general, children living in higher income households are more likely to be cared for in childcare centres. While the existence of a social bias in access to childcare services has been clearly demonstrated, we currently lack a clear explanation as to why this is the case. This paper uses a unique dataset based on survey data collected specifically to study patterns of childcare use in the Swiss canton of Vaud (N = 875). The paper exploits the variation in the way childcare is organised within the canton. Childcare is a municipal policy, as a result of which there are twenty-nine different systems in operation. Fees are progressive everywhere, but variation is substantial. Availability is also very different. This peculiar institutional setup provides an ideal situation to examine the determinants of childcare use by different income groups. Our findings suggest that differences in the fees charged to low-income households, as well as the degree of progressivity of the fee structure, are significant predictors of use, while availability seems to matter less.
Medical and Disaster Preparedness of US Marathons
Authors: Glick Joshua , Rixe Jeffrey , Spurkeland Nancy , Brady Jodi , Silvis Matthew , Olympia Robert P. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundDespite the events that occurred at the 2013 Boston Marathon (Boston, Massachusetts USA), there are currently no evidence-based guidelines or published data regarding medical and disaster preparedness of marathon races in the United States.PurposeTo determine the current state of medical disaster preparedness of marathons in the US and to identify potential areas for improvement.MethodsA cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted from January through May of 2014. The questionnaire was distributed to race directors of US road and trail marathons, as identified by a comprehensive internet database.ResultsOne hundred twenty-three questionnaires were available for analysis (19% usable response rate). Marathon races from all major regions of the US were represented. Runner medical information was not listed on race bibs in 53% of races. Only 45% of races held group training and planning sessions prior to race day. Automated external defibrillators (AEDs) were immediately available on 50% of courses, and medications such as albuterol (30%), oxygen (33%), and IV fluids (34%) were available less frequently. Regarding medical emergencies, 55% of races did not have protocols for the assessment of dehydration, asthma, chest pain, syncope, or exercise-induced cramping. With regard to disaster preparedness, 50% of races did not have protocols for the management of disasters, and 21% did not provide security personnel at start/finish lines, aid stations, road crossings, and drop bag locations.ConclusionsAreas for improvement in the preparedness of US marathons were identified, such as including printed medical information on race bibs, increasing pre-race training and planning sessions for volunteers, ensuring the immediate availability of certain emergency equipment and medications, and developing written protocols for specific emergencies and disasters.GlickJRixeJASpurkelandNBradyJSilvisMOlympiaRP. Medical and disaster preparedness of US marathons. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(4):1–7.
Exploring the scope for transboundary collaboration in the Blue Nile river basin: downstream willingness to pay for upstream land use changes to improve irrigation water supply
Authors: Tesfaye Abonesh , Brouwer Roy 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn this study we model the preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) of downstream farmers in one of the largest irrigation schemes worldwide in Sudan for improved irrigation water supply through transboundary collaboration with farmers upstream in Ethiopia. In a choice experiment, Sudanese farmers are asked to pay an increase in existing irrigation fees to secure future irrigation water availability by either enhancing the removal of sediments in their local irrigation channels or compensating farmers in the Ethiopian highlands for taking soil conservation measures to prevent land degradation and soil erosion. Although Sudanese farmers downstream do not feel very connected to farmers upstream in Ethiopia, we find a high degree of trust in international cooperation and a positive WTP for improved irrigation water supply and water use efficiency through transboundary collaboration.
Sexual Cognitions in Victims of Childhood and Adolescence/Adulthood Sexual Abuse
Authors: Moyano Nieves , Sierra Juan Carlos 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis study explored the relationship between 1) child sexual abuse (CSA), adolescent/adult sexual abuse (AASA), and both (CSA+AASA), and 2) the frequency of positive and negative sexual cognitions according to their content –intimate, exploratory, dominance, submission, and impersonal– in men and women. We also analyzed the severity of the sexual contact of individuals who had experienced AASA. We assessed a Spanish sample of 228 men and 333 women, aged between 18 and 50 years old. In the sample, 341 individuals reported having experienced some type of sexual victimization (victims group), while 220 individuals reported no victimization (non-victims group). Overall, sexual victims reported a higher frequency of positive sexual cognitions compared to non-victims, particularly when they had experienced CSA+AASA and the severity of the sexual contact was greater. Men and women who had experienced abuse reported a higher frequency of exploratory cognitions (p < .01). Male victims reported more cognitions of submission (p < .01), whereas female victims reported more cognitions of dominance (p < .05), which indicates lack of congruence with traditional gender roles. Finally, only intimate cognitions (p < .001) were experienced as negative by male victims. We discuss the relevance of the findings for therapeutic interventions with sexual abuse victims.
PI3K-C2γ is a Rab5 effector selectively controlling endosomal Akt2 activation downstream of insulin signalling
Authors: Braccini Laura , Ciraolo Elisa , Campa Carlo C. , Perino Alessia , Longo Dario L. , Tibolla Gianpaolo , Pregnolato Marco , Cao Yanyan , Tassone Beatrice , Damilano Federico , Laffargue Muriel , Calautti Enzo , Falasca Marco , Norata Giuseppe D. , Backer Jonathan M. , Hirsch Emilio 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn the liver, insulin-mediated activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway is at the core of metabolic control. Multiple PI3K and Akt isoenzymes are found in hepatocytes and whether isoform-selective interplays exist is currently unclear. Here we report that insulin signalling triggers the association of the liver-specific class II PI3K isoform γ (PI3K-C2γ) with Rab5-GTP, and its recruitment to Rab5-positive early endosomes. In these vesicles, PI3K-C2γ produces a phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate pool specifically required for delayed and sustained endosomal Akt2 stimulation. Accordingly, loss of PI3K-C2γ does not affect insulin-dependent Akt1 activation as well as S6K and FoxO1-3 phosphorylation, but selectively reduces Akt2 activation, which specifically inhibits glycogen synthase activity. As a consequence, PI3K-C2γ-deficient mice display severely reduced liver accumulation of glycogen and develop hyperlipidemia, adiposity as well as insulin resistance with age or after consumption of a high-fat diet. Our data indicate PI3K-C2γ supports an isoenzyme-specific forking of insulin-mediated signal transduction to an endosomal pool of Akt2, required for glucose homeostasis.
Arbitrary lattice symmetries via block copolymer nanomeshes
Authors: Majewski Pawel W. , Rahman Atikur , Black Charles T. , Yager Kevin G. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSelf-assembly of block copolymers is a powerful motif for spontaneously forming well-defined nanostructures over macroscopic areas. Yet, the inherent energy minimization criteria of self-assembly give rise to a limited library of structures; diblock copolymers naturally form spheres on a cubic lattice, hexagonally packed cylinders and alternating lamellae. Here, we demonstrate multicomponent nanomeshes with any desired lattice symmetry. We exploit photothermal annealing to rapidly order and align block copolymer phases over macroscopic areas, combined with conversion of the self-assembled organic phase into inorganic replicas. Repeated photothermal processing independently aligns successive layers, providing full control of the size, symmetry and composition of the nanoscale unit cell. We construct a variety of symmetries, most of which are not natively formed by block copolymers, including squares, rhombuses, rectangles and triangles. In fact, we demonstrate all possible two-dimensional Bravais lattices. Finally, we elucidate the influence of nanostructure on the electrical and optical properties of nanomeshes.
Prognostic significance of kynurenine 3-monooxygenase and effects on proliferation, migration and invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Jin Haojie , Zhang Yurong , You Haiyan , Tao Xuemei , Wang Cun , Jin Guangzhi , Wang Ning , Ruan Haoyu , Gu Dishui , Huo Xisong , Cong Wenming , Qin Wenxin 
Published: June 2015

AbstractKynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) is a pivotal enzyme in the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan degradation and plays a critical role in Huntington’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. This study aimed to examine the expression of KMO in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and investigate the relationship between its expression and prognosis of HCC patients. We first analyzed KMO expression in 120 paired HCC samples (HCC tissues vs matched adjacent non-cancerous liver tissues) and 205 clinical HCC specimens using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analyses were executed to evaluate the prognosis of HCC. The results of IHC analysis showed that KMO expression was significantly higher in HCC tissues than that in normal liver tissues (all p < 0.05). Survival and recurrence analyses showed that KMO was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) and time to recurrence (TTR) (both p<0.01). And in vitro studies revealed that KMO positively regulated proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells. These results suggest that KMO exhibits tumor-promoting effects towards HCC and it may serve as a novel prognostic marker in HCC.