bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
bZIP17 and bZIP60 Regulate the Expression of BiP3 and Other Salt Stress Responsive Genes in an UPR‐Independent Manner in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Henriquez‐Valencia Carlos , Moreno Adrian A. , Sandoval‐Ibañez Omar , Mitina Irina , Blanco‐Herrera Francisca , Cifuentes‐Esquivel Nicolas , Orellana Ariel 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTPlants can be severely affected by salt stress. Since these are sessile organisms, they have developed different cellular responses to cope with this problem. Recently, it has been described that bZIP17 and bZIP60, two ER‐located transcription factors, are involved in the cellular response to salt stress. On the other hand, bZIP60 is also involved in the unfolded protein response (UPR), a signaling pathway that up‐regulates the expression of ER‐chaperones. Coincidentally, salt stress produces the up‐regulation of BiP, one of the main chaperones located in this organelle. Then, it has been proposed that UPR is associated to salt stress. Here, by using insertional mutant plants on bZIP17 and bZIP60, we show that bZIP17 regulate the accumulation of the transcript for the chaperone BiP3 under salt stress conditions, but does not lead to the accumulation of UPR‐responding genes such as the chaperones Calnexin, Calreticulin, and PDIL under salt treatments. In contrast, DTT, a known inducer of UPR, leads to the up‐regulation of all these chaperones. On the other hand, we found that bZIP60 regulates the expression of some bZIP17 target genes under conditions were splicing of bZIP60 does not occur, suggesting that the spliced and unspliced forms of bZIP60 play different roles in the physiological response of the plant. Our results indicate that the ER‐located transcription factors bZIP17 and bZIP60 play a role in salt stress but this response goes through a signaling pathway that is different to that triggered by the unfolded protein response. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 1638–1645, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Protective Effect of Apocynin on Cyclosporine A‐Induced Hypertension and Nephrotoxicity in Rats
Authors: Ciarcia Roberto , Damiano Sara , Florio Alessia , Spagnuolo Manuela , Zacchia Enza , Squillacioti Caterina , Mirabella Nicola , Florio Salvatore , Pagnini Ugo , Garofano Tiziana , Polito Maria Sole , Capasso Giovambattista , Giordano Antonio 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTCyclosporine A (CsA) is the prototype of immunosuppressant drugs that has provided new perspectives in human and veterinary medicine to prevent organ transplant rejection and to treat certain autoimmune diseases and dermatologic diseases. Unfortunately, the treatment with CSA is often limited by severe adverse effects such as hypertension and nephrotoxicity. Some data suggest that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the oxidative stress play an important role in its pathogenesis, in particular the superoxide (O2−) that is the most powerful free radical generated by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase present mainly in the kidney. The present study has been designed to investigate the role of Apocynin a selective inhibitor of NADPH oxidase activity on cyclosporine‐induced adverse effect. In this study, we have evaluated the effect of CsA, used alone or in association with Apocynin on blood pressure (BP), on glomerular filtration rate (GFR), on absoluted fluid reabsorption (Jv) in proximal tubule (PT), on O2− concentration, and on nitric oxide (NO) production. We have demonstrated that CsA administration increases superoxide concentration in the aorta, decreases the NO concentration, reduces GFR and the Jv in PT, and induces a significant increase in BP. Moreover, we have shown that Apocynin treatment restores these hemodynamic alterations, as well as NO and superoxide productions. In conclusion, the reported data indicate that CsA induced nephrotoxicity and hypertension are related to NADPH oxidase activity, in fact Apocynin protects the kidney function and BP from toxic effects induced by CsA through the inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 1848–1856, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sensitivity of wheat yield to temperature changes with regional sunlight characteristics in eastern Hokkaido
Authors: Shimoda Seiji , Hamasaki Takahiro , Hirota Tomoyoshi , Kanno Hiromitsu , Nishio Zenta 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTAir temperature and sunshine duration for agricultural fields were extracted from 1‐km‐resolution weather data, and their relationship with winter wheat yield was compared for the adjacent Tokachi and Okhotsk regions of eastern Hokkaido, Japan. Major climatic drivers of winter wheat yield were air temperature during spring and grain‐filling period in Tokachi, and sunshine duration during grain‐filling period in Okhotsk. The regional difference in the sensitivity of yield to air temperature is attributed to variations in sunshine duration during grain‐filling period. In Tokachi, a shorter grain‐filling period limits the cumulative sunlight available to plants, because sunshine duration declines from late June to late July. In Okhotsk, yields of winter wheat were attributed to receiving adequate sunlight, although the growth period was curtailed by higher air temperature. We found that different climatic drivers affected winter wheat yield even in adjacent regions. The sensitivity of winter wheat yield to temperature can be determined by a threshold of 4.5 h daily sunshine duration regardless of region. Short sunshine duration during the grain‐filling period exacerbated the sensitivity of wheat yield to temperature. Early summer in Okhotsk is characterized by sunnier weather than in Tokachi due to foehn, with respect to the southerly winds. Then, southerly wind was associated with significantly longer sunshine duration in Okhotsk. Regional cloud development affects sunshine duration as the climatic driver of wheat yield.
Linking the southern annular mode to the diurnal temperature range shifts over southern Africa
Authors: Manatsa Desmond , Morioka Yushi , Behera Swadhin K. , Mushore Terrence D. , Mugandani Raymond 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe link between the diurnal temperature range (DTR) and the southern annular mode (SAM) over southern Africa for the October to December period during 1960 to 2012 is established using observations. The DTR shifts are consistent with the change of moisture and temperature advection over the subregion which is related to the SAM‐induced circulation alterations. As such, we consider these changing circulation patterns as playing the dominant role in different types of the DTR development. In fact, for the long‐term influence of changes in the large‐scale circulation over southern Africa, the SAM circulation may have substantially contributed to the long‐term development of cloud cover/precipitation, which can be used as a proxy for the DTR variability in recent decades. Therefore, cloud cover and precipitation changes acted as a disguise rather than the actual cause for the variations in DTR. At the same time, while the mean temperature trends over southern Africa are similar to the global trends that indicate general warming, this increase is superimposed on the significant DTR decadal variability. Consequently, the DTR can be considered as a possible radiative forced index independent of internal climate variations, which is able to provide additional information for the detection and attribution of climate change over southern Africa.
Feasibility of a Screening Program for At‐Risk Children Following Accidental Injury
Authors: March Sonja , Kenardy Justin A. , Cobham Vanessa E. , Nixon Reginald D. V. , McDermott Brett , De Young Alexandra 
Published: February 2015

AbstractScreening is recommended as a simple method for identifying those who should be monitored for risk following trauma. Effective methods for implementing large‐scale screening programs are yet to be established. This study tested the feasibility and utility of a screening program with hospitalized youth exposed to injury in 3 Australian hospitals. Eligible families (N = 1,134) were contacted and 546 children (48.0%) screened for risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at 1–2 weeks postinjury. There were 95 (17.4%) children whose screen result was at risk. A rescreening phase was introduced during the study, with 68 children completing the rescreen at 4–6 weeks postinjury, and 26 (38.2% of those rescreened) still at risk. Of those initially screened, 29 (5.3%) completed diagnostic assessments, 21 (3.8%) were diagnosed with partial or full PTSD, and 17 (3.1%) commenced treatment. Screening was successful at identifying and reaching children with PTSD, but the response rate was lower than expected, which limited the utility of the program. The addition of a rescreening phase demonstrated that not all at‐risk children required intervention. These findings replicate previous studies that have shown natural remission in PTSD symptoms and highlight the potential for rescreening as part of a watchful waiting approach.
School‐Based Psychological Screening in the Aftermath of a Disaster: Are Parents Satisfied and Do Their Children Access Treatment?
Authors: Poulsen Kellee M. , McDermott Brett M. , Wallis Jeffrey , Cobham Vanessa E. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis study investigated parents’ satisfaction with postdisaster school‐based screening and whether satisfaction was related to follow‐through with screening recommendations. From among 1,268 there were 224 children, ages 7–18 years (M = 10.97, SD = 2.44 years) screened for emotional distress 4 months after a flood and 130 parents who completed the screening evaluation. Of the 44 children who showed severe emotional distress, less than 50% of their parents reported concerns and only 29.5% had sought assistance. Following screening, 86.7% of these children completed treatment. Overall satisfaction ratings by parents were high, with 99.2% very or mostly satisfied.
The Research–Action Interface in Sustainable Land Management in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan: Challenges and Recommendations
Authors: Wolfgramm Bettina , Shigaeva Jyldyz , Dear Chad 
Published: February 2015

AbstractInternational agencies and programmes introduced sustainable land management (SLM) to Central Asia after the former Soviet Republics became independent in 1991. An aim of early SLM initiatives was to address challenges linked to the transformation of the agricultural sector from a centrally planned economy to a decentralized market economy. This article analyses the knowledge–action interface in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan as it relates to SLM. The analysis focuses on the influence of underlying land management concepts by means of a literature review. Contemporary barriers at the research–action interface were identified using participatory appraisal. And a historically contextualized understanding of the effectiveness of interactions between researchers, policy makers and practitioners is based on an analysis of purposefully selected cases. The study concludes that knowledge of different stakeholder groups is often highly disconnected. Interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary studies are rare, and academic research on SLM has subsequently been ineffective at contributing to substantial benefits for society. Further, researchers, policy makers and practitioners in this context must recognize the differences between SLM and what is often referred to as the equivalent Soviet‐era concept—rational use of land resources—and the resulting implications of these differences. The authors recommend the following: creating an enabling environment for SLM research through academic institutional reform removing structural constraints, making research outcomes more effective by applying systems approaches that produce evidence for policy makers on the multiple benefits of SLM, helping land users evaluate SLM strategies and investing in the establishment and maintenance of a multi‐stakeholder SLM platform that allows dynamic exchange. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solvent Vapor Annealing of Block Copolymers in Confined Topographies: Commensurability Considerations for Nanolithography
Authors: Cummins Cian , Kelly Roisin A. , Gangnaik Anushka , Georgiev Yordan M. , Petkov Nikolay , Holmes Justin D. , Morris Michael A. 
Published: February 2015

The directed self‐assembly of block copolymer (BCP) materials in topographically patterned substrates (i.e., graphoepitaxy) is a potential methodology for the continued scaling of nanoelectronic device technologies. In this Communication, an unusual feature size variation in BCP nanodomains under confinement with graphoepitaxially aligned cylinder‐forming poly(styrene)‐block‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (PS‐b‐P4VP) BCP is reported. Graphoepitaxy of PS‐b‐P4VP BCP line patterns (CII) is accomplished via topo­graphy in hydrogen silsequioxane (HSQ) modified substrates and solvent vapor annealing (SVA). Interestingly, reduced domain sizes in features close to the HSQ guiding features are observed. The feature size reduction is evident after inclusion of alumina into the P4VP domains followed by pattern transfer to the silicon substrate. It is suggested that this nano­domain size perturbation is due to solvent swelling effects during SVA. It is proposed that using a commensurability value close to the solvent vapor annealed periodicity will alleviate this issue leading to uniform nanofins.
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Optical Mechanotransduction with Carbazole‐Based Luminescent Liquid Single‐Crystal Elastomers
Authors: Garcia‐Amorós Jaume , Velasco Dolores 
Published: February 2015

Carbazole‐based liquid single‐crystal elastomers (LSCEs) are valuable fluorescent flexible materials to perform optical mechanotransduction under ambient conditions. Indeed, the covalent incorporation of carbazole derivatives into nematic LSCEs allows to tune their luminescence on demand under mechanical control in a quick and reversible fashion. Specifically, the fluorescence intensity for these materials can be switched back and forth in less than a second. Moreover, such a process can be performed several times without detecting any sign of fatigue in the system. In addition, these materials show excellent resistance to aging; 2 years after their preparation they exhibit the very same mechanofluorescent behavior as when freshly prepared. In fact, the here reported fluorescent systems are highly sensitive; the application of a force of 70 mN decreases the fluorescence in the elastomeric material by 7%. Thus, mechanical forces are attractive external stimuli to modulate the fluorescence of nematic elastomers rapidly and reversibly enabling thereby mechanotransduction.
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Comparative genomic analysis of seven Mycoplasma hyosynoviae strains
Authors: Bumgardner Eric A. , Kittichotirat Weerayuth , Bumgarner Roger E. , Lawrence Paulraj K. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractInfection with Mycoplasma hyosynoviae can result in debilitating arthritis in pigs, particularly those aged 10 weeks or older. Strategies for controlling this pathogen are becoming increasingly important due to the rise in the number of cases of arthritis that have been attributed to infection in recent years. In order to begin to develop interventions to prevent arthritis caused by M. hyosynoviae, more information regarding the specific proteins and potential virulence factors that its genome encodes was needed. However, the genome of this emerging swine pathogen had not been sequenced previously. In this report, we present a comparative analysis of the genomes of seven strains of M. hyosynoviae isolated from different locations in North America during the years 2010 to 2013. We identified several putative virulence factors that may contribute to the ability of this pathogen to adhere to host cells. Additionally, we discovered several prophage genes present within the genomes of three strains that show significant similarity to MAV1, a phage isolated from the related species, M. arthritidis. We also identified CRISPR‐Cas and type III restriction and modification systems present in two strains that may contribute to their ability to defend against phage infection.
High glycemic index and glycemic load are associated with moderately increased cancer risk
Authors: Turati Federica , Galeone Carlotta , Gandini Sara , Augustin Livia S. , Jenkins David J. A. , Pelucchi Claudio , La Vecchia Carlo 
Published: February 2015

ScopeTo obtain an up‐to‐date quantification of the association between dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) and the risk of cancer.Methods and resultsWe conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies updated to January 2015. Summary relative risks (RRs) were derived using random effects models. Seventy‐five reports were evaluated in the systematic review (147 090 cases), and 72 were included in the meta‐analyses by cancer site. Considering hormone‐related cancers, summary RRs comparing the highest versus the lowest GI and GL intake were, respectively, 1.05 and 1.07 for breast, 1.13 and 1.17 for endometrial, 1.11 and 1.19 for ovarian, and 1.06 and 1.04 for prostate cancers. Considering digestive‐tract cancers, summary RRs for GI and GL were, respectively, 1.46 and 1.25 for esophageal (squamous cell carcinoma), 1.17 and 1.10 for stomach, 1.16 (significant) and 1.10 for colorectal, 1.11 and 1.14 for liver, and 1.10 and 1.01 for pancreatic cancers. In most of these meta‐analyses, significant heterogeneity among studies was observed. In subgroup analyses, case–control studies and studies from Europe tended to estimate higher RRs.ConclusionHigh‐GI and high‐GL diets are related to moderately increased risk of cancer at several common sites.
Gold(III)–pyrrolidinedithiocarbamato Derivatives as Antineoplastic Agents
Authors: Nardon Chiara , Chiara Federica , Brustolin Leonardo , Gambalunga Alberto , Ciscato Francesco , Rasola Andrea , Trevisan Andrea , Fregona Dolores 
Published: February 2015

AbstractTransition metals offer many possibilities in developing potent chemotherapeutic agents. They are endowed with a variety of oxidation states, allowing for the selection of their coordination numbers and geometries via the choice of proper ligands, leading to the tuning of their final biological properties. We report here on the synthesis, physico‐chemical characterization, and solution behavior of two gold(III) pyrrolidinedithiocarbamates (PDT), namely [AuIIIBr2(PDT)] and [AuIIICl2(PDT)]. We found that the bromide derivative was more effective than the chloride one in inducing cell death for several cancer cell lines. [AuIIIBr2(PDT)] elicited oxidative stress with effects on the permeability transition pore, a mitochondrial channel whose opening leads to cell death. More efficient antineoplastic strategies are required for the widespread burden that is cancer. In line with this, our results indicate that [AuIIIBr2(PDT)] is a promising antineoplastic agent that targets cellular components with crucial functions for the survival of tumor cells.
Targeting ASCT2‐mediated glutamine uptake blocks prostate cancer growth and tumour development
Authors: Wang Qian , Hardie Rae‐Anne , Hoy Andrew J , van Geldermalsen Michelle , Gao Dadi , Fazli Ladan , Sadowski Martin C , Balaban Seher , Schreuder Mark , Nagarajah Rajini , Wong Justin J‐L , Metierre Cynthia , Pinello Natalia , Otte Nicholas J , Lehman Melanie L , Gleave Martin , Nelson Colleen C , Bailey Charles G , Ritchie William , Rasko John EJ , Holst Jeff 
Published: February 2015

AbstractGlutamine is conditionally essential in cancer cells, being utilized as a carbon and nitrogen source for macromolecule production, as well as for anaplerotic reactions fuelling the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. In this study, we demonstrated that the glutamine transporter ASCT2 (SLC1A5) is highly expressed in prostate cancer patient samples. Using LNCaP and PC‐3 prostate cancer cell lines, we showed that chemical or shRNA‐mediated inhibition of ASCT2 function in vitro decreases glutamine uptake, cell cycle progression through E2F transcription factors, mTORC1 pathway activation and cell growth. Chemical inhibition also reduces basal oxygen consumption and fatty acid synthesis, showing that downstream metabolic function is reliant on ASCT2‐mediated glutamine uptake. Furthermore, shRNA knockdown of ASCT2 in PC‐3 cell xenografts significantly inhibits tumour growth and metastasis in vivo, associated with the down‐regulation of E2F cell cycle pathway proteins. In conclusion, ASCT2‐mediated glutamine uptake is essential for multiple pathways regulating the cell cycle and cell growth, and is therefore a putative therapeutic target in prostate cancer. © 2015 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Outcome and prognostic factors for children with supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors treated with carboplatin during radiotherapy: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Jakacki Regina I. , Burger Peter C. , Kocak Mehmet , Boyett James M. , Goldwein Joel , Mehta Minesh , Packer Roger J. , Tarbell Nancy J. , Pollack Ian F. 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundSupratentorial PNETs (sPNET) are uncommon embryonal malignancies of the central nervous system whose prognosis has historically been poor. We evaluated the outcome and prognostic factors of children with sPNET treated prospectively on a Children's Oncology Group trial.ProcedureFollowing surgery, patients received craniospinal radiotherapy with concurrent carboplatin followed by six months of maintenance chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide and vincristine.ResultsFive‐year overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) for all patients was 58 ± 7% and 48 ± 7%. For patients with pineoblastoma (n = 23), five‐year OS and PFS was 81 ± 9% and 62 ± 11%. Extent of resection but not M‐stage was prognostic. Five‐year OS and PFS for 37 patients with non‐pineal tumors (NPsPNET) was 44 ± 8% and 39 ± 8%, significantly worse than for PB (P = 0.055 and 0.009 respectively). Extent of resection and major radiotherapy deviations were prognostic. Five year OS was 59 +/− 11.4% for those undergoing complete resection versus 10.4 +/− 7% for those who did not (P = 0.017). Central pathologic review called 14 (38%) “classic” sPNET, 8 (22%) “undifferentiated” and 13 (35%) “malignant gliomas.” There was no significant difference between the subgroups, although survival distributions approached significance when the combined “classic” and “undifferentiated” group was compared to the “malignant gliomas.”ConclusionsCarboplatin during RT followed by 6 months of non‐intensive chemotherapy is a feasible treatment strategy for patients with sPNET. Aggressive surgical resection should be attempted if feasible. The classification of supratentorial small cell malignancies can be difficult. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:776–783. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.