bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of assisted migration: An introduced herbivore has short‐term and long‐term effects on its native host plant population
Authors: Ravikanthachari Nitin , Burch Libby L. , Powell Rachel E. , Scott Danielle M. , Wayne Charlotte R. , Niitepõld Kristjan , Rosenberg Risa H. , Boggs Carol L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAssisted migration consists of the introduction of a species to previously inhabited areas or to new suitable regions. Such introductions have been touted as a viable tool for conserving the earth's biodiversity. However, both the likely success of assisted migrations and the impacts on local communities are hotly debated. Empirical data on the local impacts of assisted migration are particularly lacking. We examined the short and long time‐scale effects of herbivory on Lonicera involucrata (Richards) Banks ex. Spreng (Caprifoliaceae) after an introduction of Euphydryas gillettii Barnes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Melitaeini) to Gunnison County, Colorado, USA, via an assisted migration in 1977. The plant is the primary larval host plant for the butterfly. We quantified plant seed production, plant survival, and population stage structure in two sets of observational experiments. We found that herbivory by E. gillettii increased L. involucrata reproduction on an annual time scale, independent of plant size and local microhabitat characteristics. Over the time since the butterfly's introduction, herbivory by E. gillettii resulted in a plant population structure biased toward smaller plants in the butterfly introduction and satellite sites compared with sites without the butterfly. Our results highlight the importance of studying the effects of assisted migrations on native populations at different temporal scales. As assisted migration becomes an indispensable tool for species conservation, our work adds to the understanding of the multi‐trophic impacts of assisted introductions on local populations and communities.
Application of visual attribute transfer technology in analysing changes in emotional expression in picture books
Authors: Wang Yue , Wang Yin , Qi Yansu , Miao Sheng , Gao Weijun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn picture books, readers can obtain different emotional perceptions according to different image style attributes. Artists often use different combinations of colours, textures, materials, and other style elements in images to convey different emotions in their creations. Especially in picture books for children, there is a strong correlation between the perceived effect of the work and the accuracy and degree of emotional expression. In the process of creating picture books, various factors will affect the efficiency of artists trying to transfer styles to meet their creative needs. With the development of image style transfer technology based on a deep convolutional neural network, artists can use this technology to create works with different styles of emotional changes efficiently. In this paper, we select illustrations of picture books and use deep convolutional neural networks to transfer image styles from three aspects: colour style transfer, texture style, and material style transfer. Through sampling survey experiments, we discuss the changes in image attributes, emotional expression, and emotional perception in picture books for children. The survey results found that the most direct and evident influence on the emotional changes of picture book images is the transfer of colour style attributes, material style attributes, and texture style attributes. The results of this study can provide a valuable reference for improving the accuracy of emotional expression, the depth of meaning extension, and the height of artistic value in picture books for children during the process of an artist's creation. This research stands out by systematically analysing the distinct impact of each style attribute transfer, offering a comprehensive framework that can be utilized by artists and technologists alike to enhance the emotional and artistic quality of children's picture books.
Selection preference and effectiveness quantification of provincial energy security policies in China
Authors: Wu Liangpeng , Tang Yujing , Zhu Qingyuan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEnergy security constitutes a pivotal determinant in safeguarding the seamless functioning of economies. This research endeavours to shed light on the underlying predilections and potential scopes for enhancement within China's provincial energy security policies. By delving into an array of policy documents procured from the esteemed Legal Information Network of Peking University, it offers a meticulous exploration. Employing sophisticated text analysis methodologies, the study constructs a two‐tier analytical framework, meticulously encapsulating both the policy instruments employed and the intricate processes of their execution. Leveraging the power of Nvivo 12 Plus software, pertinent policy contents are systematically coded, with those aligning with the defined analytical dimensions aggregated for frequency computations. Furthermore, a Policy Measurement and Categorization (PMC) index model is devised, harnessing word frequency statistical data to assign a quantitative assessment to the policies under scrutiny. The empirical results demonstrate a noteworthy disparity in the adoption of policy tools among various provinces, with command‐and‐control mechanisms, economic incentive structures, and societal engagement strategies emerging as the most recurrent policy types. Among the energy security policies scrutinized, approximately 84.85% were categorized as effective, while a smaller yet significant portion, 6.06%, was classified as outstanding. Despite the overall robustness of China's provincial energy security policies, the investigation identifies several avenues for further refinement. The study suggests that the government could bolster these measures through intensified focus on transformative adjustments to energy structures, augmentation of green loan guarantee systems, and fostering enhanced inter‐sectoral collaboration. These strategic enhancements may serve as key levers to propel China's provincial energy security policies towards even greater effectiveness and resilience.
Physical description and model validation of welded joint fatigue damage evolution
Authors: Wei Guoqian , Zhao You , Duan Ruochen , Dang Zhang , Lu Zhiwen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFor welded structures, the concept of damage is highly abstract and difficult to describe, leading to a lack of physical foundation and universality for existing fatigue damage accumulation models. A new fatigue damage parameter definition based on remaining bearing capacity is proposed in this paper, which is constructed by the equivalent stress on the remaining bearing surface and the equivalent stress intensity factors along the crack front curve. Tension and three‐point bending fatigue tests under two‐level loading block sequences were conducted, and the real fatigue damage evolution processes were obtained by combining measured crack front information and FEA simulation. Five damage accumulation models were utilized to estimate the fatigue damage evolution processes of the two specimens. Results show that there are differences in describing the damage evolution processes and predicting the early fatigue lives. The Rege model is most consistent with the measured data, demonstrating its applicability and effectiveness.
Impacts of marine heatwaves in coastal ecosystems depend on local environmental conditions
Authors: Starko Samuel , van der Mheen Mirjam , Pessarrodona Albert , Wood Georgina V. , Filbee‐Dexter Karen , Neufeld Christopher J. , Montie Shinae , Coleman Melinda A. , Wernberg Thomas 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMarine heatwaves (MHWs), increasing in duration and intensity because of climate change, are now a major threat to marine life and can have lasting effects on the structure and function of ecosystems. However, the responses of marine taxa and ecosystems to MHWs can be highly variable, making predicting and interpreting biological outcomes a challenge. Here, we review how biological responses to MHWs, from individuals to ecosystems, are mediated by fine‐scale spatial variability in the coastal marine environment (hereafter, local gradients). Viewing observed responses through a lens of ecological theory, we present a simple framework of three ‘resilience processes’ (RPs) by which local gradients can influence the responses of marine taxa to MHWs. Local gradients (1) influence the amount of stress directly experienced by individuals, (2) facilitate local adaptation and acclimatization of individuals and populations, and (3) shape community composition which then influences responses to MHWs. We then synthesize known examples of fine‐scale gradients that have affected responses of benthic foundation species to MHWs, including kelp forests, coral reefs, and seagrass meadows and link these varying responses to the RPs. We present a series of case studies from various marine ecosystems to illustrate the differential impacts of MHWs mediated by gradients in both temperature and other co‐occurring drivers. In many cases, these gradients had large effect sizes with several examples of local gradients causing a 10‐fold difference in impacts or more (e.g., survival, coverage). This review highlights the need for high‐resolution environmental data to accurately predict and manage the consequences of MHWs in the context of ongoing climate change. While current tools may capture some of these gradients already, we advocate for enhanced monitoring and finer scale integration of local environmental heterogeneity into climate models. This will be essential for developing effective conservation strategies and mitigating future marine biodiversity loss.
New tree height allometries derived from terrestrial laser scanning reveal substantial discrepancies with forest inventory methods in tropical rainforests
Authors: Terryn Louise , Calders Kim , Meunier Félicien , Bauters Marijn , Boeckx Pascal , Brede Benjamin , Burt Andrew , Chave Jerome , da Costa Antonio Carlos Lola , D'hont Barbara , Disney Mathias , Jucker Tommaso , Lau Alvaro , Laurance Susan G. W. , Maeda Eduardo Eiji , Meir Patrick , Krishna Moorthy Sruthi M. , Nunes Matheus Henrique , Shenkin Alexander , Sibret Thomas , Verhelst Tom E. , Wilkes Phil , Verbeeck Hans 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTree allometric models, essential for monitoring and predicting terrestrial carbon stocks, are traditionally built on global databases with forest inventory measurements of stem diameter (D) and tree height (H). However, these databases often combine H measurements obtained through various measurement methods, each with distinct error patterns, affecting the resulting H:D allometries. In recent decades, terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) has emerged as a widely accepted method for accurate, non‐destructive tree structural measurements. This study used TLS data to evaluate the prediction accuracy of forest inventory‐based H:D allometries and to develop more accurate pantropical allometries. We considered 19 tropical rainforest plots across four continents. Eleven plots had forest inventory and RIEGL VZ‐400(i) TLS‐based D and H data, allowing accuracy assessment of local forest inventory‐based H:D allometries. Additionally, TLS‐based data from 1951 trees from all 19 plots were used to create new pantropical H:D allometries for tropical rainforests. Our findings reveal that in most plots, forest inventory‐based H:D allometries underestimated H compared with TLS‐based allometries. For 30‐metre‐tall trees, these underestimations varied from −1.6 m (−5.3%) to −7.5 m (−25.4%). In the Malaysian plot with trees reaching up to 77 m in height, the underestimation was as much as −31.7 m (−41.3%). We propose a TLS‐based pantropical H:D allometry, incorporating maximum climatological water deficit for site effects, with a mean uncertainty of 19.1% and a mean bias of −4.8%. While the mean uncertainty is roughly 2.3% greater than that of the Chave2014 model, this model demonstrates more consistent uncertainties across tree size and delivers less biased estimates of H (with a reduction of 8.23%). In summary, recognizing the errors in H measurements from forest inventory methods is vital, as they can propagate into the allometries they inform. This study underscores the potential of TLS for accurate H and D measurements in tropical rainforests, essential for refining tree allometries.
Trajectories of hepatic steatosis and incidence of cardiovascular disease over a 29‐year follow‐up
Authors: Yu Ming‐Whei , Wu Wan‐Jung , Lin Chih‐Lin , Liu Chun‐Jen , Peng Wei‐Ya , Huang Pin‐Yu , Huang Yi‐Wen , Hu Jui‐Ting , Chang Hung‐Chuen , Liou Jyh‐Ming 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimTo examine the dynamic change in hepatic steatosis status during repeated assessments over time, and its potential impact on the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD).MethodsWe assessed trajectories of hepatic steatosis and other metabolic disorders in 3134 middle‐aged adults undergoing longitudinal assessment of ultrasonography during a pre‐baseline period (1993–2009) in a population‐based cohort study of liver health. Subsequently, we determined the association of hepatic steatosis trajectories with the incidence of CVD among 2185 CVD‐free individuals, followed until 2021. Metabolic risk factors and cardiovascular events (including coronary heart disease and stroke) were determined through medical examination and linkage with nationwide health databases.ResultsWe identified three discrete trajectories of hepatic steatosis according to changing pattern over time through group‐based trajectory modeling: “stable, non‐steatosis” (n = 1298), “intermittent” (n = 921), and “persistent steatosis” (n = 915). During the pre‐baseline period, hepatic steatosis trajectories were associated with trajectories of developing diabetes and hypertension, and persistent steatosis (vs. other trajectories) was associated with higher risks and rapidly progressive disease patterns. At a median 13.6 years of follow‐up, 629 CVD events occurred. A persistent (vs. non‐steatosis: HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.17–1.76), but not intermittent, steatosis pattern predicted the future risk of CVD, after adjustment for age, sex, smoking, and obesity. This association was independent of genetic background, and remained after accounting for pre‐baseline body‐mass index, other cardiometabolic risk factors, Framingham risk score, medications, and hepatic fibrosis score.ConclusionsThe persistence of hepatic steatosis is associated with trajectories of metabolic disorder development and increased risk of CVD. These data have important implications for practice and further research.
The efficacy of adipose stem cell‐derived exosomes in hair regeneration based on a preclinical and clinical study
Authors: Lee Ester , Choi Mi Soo , Cho Byong Seong , Won Yu Jin , Lee Jun Ho , Kim Soon Re , Kim Myung Hwa , Jeon Ju Hung , Park Gyeong Hun , Kwon Hyuck Hoon , Lee Joon , Park Kui Young , Park Byung Cheol 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundAndrogenetic alopecia (AGA) is a prevalent hair loss disorder with psychological repercussions. Traditional treatments have limitations, leading to the exploration of regenerative therapies such as exosomes derived from adipose tissue stem cells (ASC‐Exosomes).MethodsFirst, using human hair follicle (HF) dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) treated with ASC‐Exosomes, ALP, VCAN, β‐catenin, and LEF‐1 levels with RT‐PCR and p‐GSK3β, GSK3β, β‐catenin, ALP, and β‐actin levels with western blot analysis were assessed. Hair shaft elongation test and assay for ALP, Ki‐67, and β‐catenin were done using human HF organ culture. Patients with AGA had ASC‐Exosomes treatment and were evaluated for hair counts, photographic assessments, subjective satisfaction, and safety profiles.ResultsASC‐Exosomes impact hDPCs, increasing proliferation and the upregulation of hair growth‐related genes, including ALP, VCAN, β‐catenin, and LEF‐1. The Wnt/β‐catenin pathway was activated, indicating their role in promoting hair growth. ASC‐Exosomes also promoted hair shaft elongation and ALP activity, suggesting a potential for hair regeneration. Thirty participants with AGA enrolled and treated over 24 weeks. The subjects experienced a significant increase in total hair density, improved global photographic assessments, and reported higher subjective satisfaction without severe adverse reactions.ConclusionThis research contributes to the growing body of evidence supporting the use of exosomes in hair loss treatment, offering a safe and effective alternative for individuals with AGA.
Association between calcium intake from different food sources during childhood and cardiometabolic risk on adolescence: The Generation XXI birth cohort
Authors: Silva Sara , Severo Milton , Lopes Carla 
Published: August 2024

SummaryBackgroundCalcium intake has been associated with lower adiposity, but few studies explored the longitudinal relation of calcium from different sources and cardiometabolic markers in young population.ObjectiveProspectively estimate the association between dairy and non‐dairy calcium intake at 4, 7, and 10 years (y) of age and cardiometabolic risk at 13 y.MethodsThe sample included 4017 participants from the Generation XXI birth cohort. Dietary data were collected from a 3‐day food diary. Cardiometabolic clusters at 13 y were estimated by a probabilistic Gaussian mixture model (z‐score of waist circumference [WC], HOMA‐IR; HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and systolic blood pressure [BP]). Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were used to estimate associations.ResultsCalcium intake (/100 mg), after adjustment for confounders, was negatively and significantly associated with body mass index (BMI) (β = −0.02, 95% CI: −0.04; −0.01), WC (cm) (β = −0.23, 95% CI: −0.36; −0.11), and diastolic BP (mmHg) (β = −0.14, 95% CI: −0.26; −0.03). After additional adjustment for total energy intake, associations lose statistical significance. Calcium intake from milk at 7 y was inversely associated with WC (β = −0.25, 95% CI: −0.48; −0.03) and from yogurt at 10 y was associated with higher BMI (β = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.03; 0.13) and WC (β = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.12; 0.96). Calcium from vegetables at 4, 7, 10 y reduces later cardiometabolic risk (OR = 0.71; OR = 0.84; OR = 0.98, respectively).ConclusionsThis study supports a protective effect of calcium on adolescents' cardiometabolic health, especially from vegetables.
Body composition, metabolic syndrome, and lifestyle in treatment‐naïve gender‐diverse youth in Israel
Authors: Borger Ophir , Segev‐Becker Anat , Perl Liat , Ben Simon Asaf , Yackobovitch‐Gavan Michal , Sheppes Tamar , Brener Avivit , Oren Asaf , Lebenthal Yael 
Published: August 2024

SummaryBackgroundThere is a scarcity of published studies evaluating transgender/gender‐diverse youth before initiating gender‐affirming hormones.AimTo study the body composition, metabolic syndrome (MetS) components and lifestyle habits in treatment‐naïve transgender youth.MethodsCross‐sectional study evaluating 153 transgender youth [median age 15.7 years, 94 transgender males] who attended The Israeli Children and Adolescents Gender Clinic between 6/2021–12/2022. Clinical, metabolic data and lifestyle habits (diet, physical activity and sleep patterns) were retrieved from the medical files. Body composition was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Body mass index and muscle‐to‐fat ratio z‐scores were calculated by sex designated at birth.ResultsWeight categories differed between genders, with a greater proportion of subjects classified as underweight among transgender females, and a greater proportion affected by overweight/obese/severe obese among transgender males (p = 0.035). The odds for MetS components were increased by 2.2 for every 1 standard deviation decrease in the muscle‐to‐fat ratio z‐score (95%CI: 1.45 to 3.26, p < 0.001). About one‐third of the cohort did not meet any of the three lifestyle recommendations. Transgender males had increased odds for MetS components by 3.49 (95%CI: 1.63 to 7.44, p = 0.001).ConclusionsTreatment‐naïve transgender‐male adolescents have an imbalance between muscle and adipose tissue, which places them at increased susceptibility for MetS components even prior to hormonal treatment.
“Even if I am going to die, I must go”: Understanding the influence of predestination thinking on migration decision‐making in the Gambia
Authors: Cham Omar N. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe existing migration sociology literature predominantly explains migration decision‐making through rational frameworks (socioeconomic factors), often influenced by Western (scientific) bias, neglecting other relevant subjective factors. By relying on data collected through interviews with 60 potential migrants in the Gambia, I go beyond these socioeconomic explanations and identify a key ideational factor – predestination thinking – as an important factor that influences migration decision‐making, especially concerning the perception of risk associated with irregular migration among potential migrants. This article demonstrates how predestination thinking influences different aspects of potential migrants' decision‐making, including the decision to embark on an irregular migration trajectory, risk assessment, and the nature of family support provided to a potential migrant. I argue that non‐conventional, intangible factors such as predestination thinking cannot be neglected when explaining migration decision‐making, especially in societies with embedded belief systems. This article contributes to a more nuanced and holistic understanding of migration decision‐making beyond Western‐centred perspectives.
The conveyor belt for older people nearing the end of life
Authors: Hillman Ken , Barnett Adrian G. , Brown Christine , Callaway Leonie , Cardona Magnolia , Carter Hannah , Farrington Alison , Harvey Gillian , Lee Xing , McPhail Steven , Nicholas Graves , White Ben P. , White Nicole M. , Willmott Lindy 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe current fallback position for the elderly frail nearing the end of life (less than 12 months to live) is hospitalisation. There is a reluctance to use the term ‘terminally ill’ for this population, resulting in overtreatment, overdiagnosis and management that is not consistent with the wishes of people. This is the major contributor to the so‐called hospital crisis, including decreased capacity of hospitals, reduced ability to conduct elective surgery, increased attendances at emergency departments and ambulance ramping. The authors recently conducted the largest randomised study, to their knowledge, attempting to inform specialist hospital medical teams about the terminally ill status of their admitted patients. This information did not influence their clinical decisions in any way. The authors discuss the reasons why this may have occurred, such as the current avoidance of discussing death and dying by society and the concentration of healthcare workers on actively managing the acute presenting problem and ignoring the underlying prognosis in the elderly frail. The authors discuss ways of improving the management of the elderly nearing the end of life, such as more detailed goals of care discussions using the concept of shared decision‐making rather than simply completing Advanced Care Decision documents. Empowering people in this way could become the most important driver of people's health care.