bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thymoquinone treatment for inner-ear acoustic trauma in rats
Authors: Aksoy F , Dogan R , Yenigun A , Veyseller B , Ozturan O , Ozturk B 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjective:To investigate whether thymoquinone has any eliminative effects against inner-ear damage caused by acoustic trauma.Methods:Thirty-two male rats were divided into four groups. Group 1 was only exposed to acoustic trauma. Group 2 was given thymoquinone 24 hours before acoustic trauma and continued to receive it for 10 days after the trauma. Group 3 was only treated with thymoquinone, for 10 days. Group 4, the control group, suffered no trauma and received saline instead of thymoquinone. Groups 1 and 2 were exposed to acoustic trauma using 105 dB SPL white noise for 4 hours.Results:There was a significant decrease in distortion product otoacoustic emission values and an increase in auditory brainstem response thresholds in group 1 on days 1, 5 and 10, compared with baseline measurements. In group 2, a decrease in distortion product otoacoustic emission values and an increase in auditory brainstem response threshold were observed on day 1 after acoustic trauma, but measurements were comparable to baseline values on days 5 and 10. In group 3, thymoquinone had no detrimental effects on hearing. Similarly, the control group showed stable results.Conclusion:Thymoquinone was demonstrated to be a reparative rather than preventive treatment that could be used to relieve acoustic trauma.
The relative contribution of segments and intonation to the perception of foreign-accented speech
Authors: SERENO JOAN , LAMMERS LYNNE , JONGMAN ALLARD 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThe present study examines the relative impact of segments and intonation on accentedness, comprehensibility, and intelligibility, specifically investigating the separate contribution of segmental and intonational information to perceived foreign accent in Korean-accented English. Two English speakers and two Korean speakers recorded 40 English sentences. The sentences were manipulated by combining segments from one speaker with intonation (fundamental frequency contour and duration) from another speaker. Four versions of each sentence were created: one English control (English segments and English intonation), one Korean control (Korean segments and Korean intonation), and two Korean–English combinations (one with English segments and Korean intonation; the other with Korean segments and English intonation). Forty native English speakers transcribed the sentences for intelligibility and rated their comprehensibility and accentedness. The data show that segments had a significant effect on accentedness, comprehensibility, and intelligibility, but intonation only had an effect on intelligibility. Contrary to previous studies, the present study, separating segments from intonation, suggests that segmental information contributes substantially more to the perception of foreign accentedness than intonation. Native speakers seem to rely mainly on segments when determining foreign accentedness.
Childhood dyspraxia predicts adult-onset nonaffective–psychosis-spectrum disorder
Authors: Schiffman Jason , Mittal Vijay , Kline Emily , Mortensen Erik L. , Michelsen Niels , Ekstrøm Morten , Millman Zachary B. , Mednick Sarnoff A. , Sørensen Holger J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSeveral neurological variables have been investigated as premorbid biomarkers of vulnerability for schizophrenia and other related disorders. The current study examined whether childhood dyspraxia predicted later adult nonaffective–psychosis-spectrum disorders. From a standardized neurological examination performed with children (aged 10–13) at genetic high risk of schizophrenia and controls, several measures of dyspraxia were used to create a scale composed of face/head dyspraxia, oral articulation, ideomotor dyspraxia (clumsiness), and dressing dyspraxia (n = 244). Multinomial logistic regression showed higher scores on the dyspraxia scale predict nonaffective–psychosis-spectrum disorders relative to other psychiatric disorders and no mental illness outcomes, even after controlling for genetic risk, χ2 (4, 244) = 18.61, p < .001. Findings that symptoms of dyspraxia in childhood (reflecting abnormalities spanning functionally distinct brain networks) specifically predict adult nonaffective–psychosis-spectrum disorders are consistent with a theory of abnormal connectivity, and they highlight a marked early-stage vulnerability in the pathophysiology of nonaffective–psychosis-spectrum disorders.
Description and Optimization of Abstract Machines in a Dialect of Prolog
Authors: MORALES JOSÉ F. , CARRO MANUEL , HERMENEGILDO MANUEL 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn order to achieve competitive performance, abstract machines for Prolog and related languages end up being large and intricate, and incorporate sophisticated optimizations, both at the design and at the implementation levels. At the same time, efficiency considerations make it necessary to use low-level languages in their implementation. This makes them laborious to code, optimize, and, especially, maintain and extend. Writing the abstract machine (and ancillary code) in a higher-level language can help tame this inherent complexity. We show how the semantics of most basic components of an efficient virtual machine for Prolog can be described using (a variant of) Prolog. These descriptions are then compiled to C and assembled to build a complete bytecode emulator. Thanks to the high-level of the language used and its closeness to Prolog, the abstract machine description can be manipulated using standard Prolog compilation and optimization techniques with relative ease. We also show how, by applying program transformations selectively, we obtain abstract machine implementations whose performance can match and even exceed that of state-of-the-art, highly-tuned, hand-crafted emulators.
A next step in exoplanetology: exo-moons
Authors: Schneider J. , Lainey V. , Cabrera J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe interest of exo-moons for Astrobiology is that they widen significantly the potential niches of exolife. In this paper, after a review of standard detection methods, we investigate new ways to characterize exo-moons and to use them to characterize their home planetary system.
A supplementary note on constructing the general Earth's rotation theory
Authors: Brumberg Victor A. , Ivanova Tamara V. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractRepresenting a post-scriptum supplementary to a previous paper of the authors Brumberg & Ivanova (2011) this note aims to simplify the practical development of the Earth's rotation theory, in the framework of the general planetary theory, avoiding the non–physical secular terms and involving the separation of the fast and slow angular variables, both for planetary–lunar motion and Earth's rotation. In this combined treatment of motion and rotation, the fast angular terms are related to the mean orbital longitudes of the bodies, the diurnal and Euler rotations of the Earth. The slow angular terms are due to the motions of pericenters and nodes, as well as the precession of the Earth. The combined system of the equations of motion for the principal planets and the Moon and the equations of the Earth's rotation is reduced to the autonomous secular system with theoretically possible solution in a trigonometric form. In the above–mentioned paper, the Earth's rotation has been treated in Euler parameters. The trivial change of the Euler parameters to their small declinations from some nominal values may improve the practical efficiency of the normalization of the Earth's rotation equations. This technique may be applied to any three-axial rigid planet. The initial terms of the corresponding expansions are given in the Appendix.
The long-period forced librations of Titan
Authors: Yseboodt Marie , Van Hoolst Tim 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA moon in synchronous rotation has longitudinal librations because of its non-spherical mass distribution and its elliptical orbit around the planet. We study the librations of Titan with periods of 14.7y and 29.5y and include deformation effects and the existence of a subsurface ocean. We take into account the fact that the orbit is not Keplerian and has other periodicities than the main period of orbital motion around Saturn due to perturbations by the Sun, other planets and moons. An orbital theory is used to compute the orbital perturbations due to these other bodies.We numerically evaluate the amplitude of the long-period librations for many interior structure models of Titan constrained by the mass, radius and gravity field. Measurements of the librations may give constraints on the interior structure of the icy satellites.
The parametric instability of resonance motion in restricted three body problem
Authors: Rosaev Alexey E. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA method of analyses of dynamical system is applied to the planetary restricted three-body problem (RTBP). It is well known, that equations of motion of restricted 3-body problem in rotating rectangular frame may be reduced to the second order differential equation with periodic coefficients (Hills equation). Here Hills equation in cylindrical coordinate frame is derived. It gives the possibility to estimate width and position of the unstable zones. The dependence of the position of unstable zones on orbital eccentricity of the test particle is derived. Some followings of this simple linear model are noted.
Modeling Trojan dynamics: diffusion mechanisms through resonances
Authors: Páez Rocío I. , Efthymiopoulos Christos 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn the framework of the ERTBP, we study an example of the influence of secondary resonances over the long term stability of Trojan motions. By the integration of ensembles of orbits, we find various types of chaotic diffusion, slow and fast. We show that the distribution of escape times is bi-modular, corresponding to two populations of short and long escape times. The objects with long escape times produce a power-law tail in the distribution.
Small asteroid system evolution
Authors: Jacobson Seth A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractRecently, the discovery of small unbound asteroid systems called asteroid pairs have revolutionized the study of small asteroid systems. Observations with radar, photometric and direct imaging techniques have discovered that multiple asteroid systems can be divided clearly into a handful of different morphologies. Simultaneously, new theoretical advances have demonstrated that solar radiation dictates the evolution of small asteroids with strong implications for asteroid internal structure. We review our current understanding of how small asteroid systems evolve and point to the future.
Dynamical evolution of near-Sun objects
Authors: Emel'yanenko Vacheslav V. , Shelyakov Mikhail A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe dynamical evolution of short-period objects having perihelia at small heliocentric distances is discussed. We have investigated the motion of multiple-apparition members of the Marsden and Kracht sungrazing groups. The orbital evolution of these objects on timescales < 10 Kyr is mainly determined by the Kozai-Lidov secular perturbations. These objects are dynamically connected with high-inclination near-Earth objects. On the other hand, we have found several observed near-Earth objects that evolve in the same way, reaching small perihelion distances on short timescales in the past.
Hill Stability in the Full 3-Body Problem
Authors: Scheeres D. J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractHill stability cannot be easily established in the classical 3-body problem with point masses, as sufficient energy for escape of one of the bodies can always be extracted from the gravitational potential energy. For the finite density, so-called Full 3-body problem the lower limits on the gravitational potential energy ensure that Hill stability can exist. For the equal mass Full 3-body problem this can be easily established, with the result that for any equal mass, finite density 3-body problem in or near a contact equilibrium, none of the components of the system can escape in the ensuing motion.
Explosive evolution of small bodies in planetary atmospheres
Authors: Ibadov Subhon , Ibodov Firuz S. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe entry of small celestial bodies such as cometary nuclei, asteroids and their large fragments, into a planetary atmosphere is accompanied by an “explosion”, i.e., sudden rise in brightness and the generation of a “blast” shock wave, like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event. Fully analytic approach to the phenomenon is developed taking into account aerodynamic crushing of the body and transversal expansion of the crushed mass, that leads to impulse generation of hot plasma and a “blast” shock wave in the thin “exploding” layer.
Close encounters of Near Earth Objects with large asteroids
Authors: Ivantsov Anatoliy , Eggl Siegfried , Hestroffer Daniel , Thuillot William , Gurfil Pini 
Published: January 2015

AbstractClose encounters of Near Earth Objects (NEOs) with large asteroids are a possible source of systematic errors in trajectory propagations and asteroid mitigation. It is, thus, necessary to identify those large asteroids that have to be considered as perturbers in NEO orbit modeling. Using the Standard Dynamical Model we searched for encounters between the 1649 numbered Near Earth Asteroids (NEAs) and 2191 large asteroids having sizes greater than 20 km. Investigating the 21st century A. D. we have found 791 close encounters with 195 different large asteroids that lead to a substantial scattering of NEOs.
On relative equilibria of mutually gravitating massive point and triangular rigid body
Authors: Nikonov Vasily I. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPlanar motions of a triangular body and a massive point under the action of mutual Newtonian attraction are studied. For the first formulation the triangle is assumed to be composed of three massive points. For the second formulation it is constructed with three homogeneous rods. Some partial solutions are observed within the analysis of the geometry of mass distribution.The investigation is motivated by the problem of motion of spacecrafts near asteroid-like celestial objects possessing irregular mass distribution. Comparison of dynamical effects for two types of mass distribution is another goal of the research.Problems appearing because of irregularities in mass distributions have been known for a long time. Certain approaches to the description of motions under attraction as well as qualitative particulars of dynamics are discussed by Demin (1963), Burov & Karapetyan (1995), Buchin & Burov & Troger (2008), Burov & Guerman & Sulikashvili (2010), Kholshevnikov & Kuznetsov (2011), Beletsky & Rodnikov (2011) and Scheeres (2012).
The effect of secular resonances on the long-term orbital evolution of uncontrolled near-Earth objects
Authors: Bordovitsyna T. V. , Tomilova I. V. , Ryabova G. O. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA set of 29 low order secular resonance relations in the near-Earth satellite dynamics has been obtained and their influence on dynamic evolution of objects has been investigated on time intervals of 100 years. The analysis of the results shows that secular resonances are very common phenomena in the near-Earth orbital space. Sharp resonances are concentrated in the orbital space areas where the semi-major axes a ⩾ 20000 km and the inclinations i ⩾ 50○. In some areas objects have several secular resonances. The superposition of several secular resonances or orbital and secular resonances are the source of randomness in the motion of objects.
Planetesimal fragmentation and giant planet formation: the role of planet migration
Authors: Guilera O. M. , Swoboda D. , Alibert Y. , de Elía G. C. , Santamaría P. J. , Brunini A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn the standard model of core accretion, the cores of the giant planets form by the accretion of planetesimals. In this scenario, the evolution of the planetesimal population plays an important role in the formation of massive cores. Recently, we studied the role of planetesimal fragmentation in the in situ formation of a giant planet. However, the exchange of angular momentum between the planet and the gaseous disk causes the migration of the planet in the disk. In this new work, we incorporate the migration of the planet and study the role of planet migration in the formation of a massive core when the population of planetesimals evolves by planet accretion, migration, and fragmentation.
Terrestrial planet formation in low-mass disks: dependence with initial conditions
Authors: Ronco M. P. , de Elía G. C. , Guilera O. M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn general, most of the studies of terrestrial-type planet formation typically use ad hoc initial conditions. In this work we improved the initial conditions described in Ronco & de Elía (2014) starting with a semi-analytical model wich simulates the evolution of the protoplanetary disk during the gas phase. The results of the semi-analytical model are then used as initial conditions for the N-body simulations. We show that the planetary systems considered are not sensitive to the particular initial distribution of embryos and planetesimals and thus, the results are globally similar to those found in the previous work.
Influence of the inclination damping on the formation of planetary systems
Authors: Sotiriadis Sotiris , Libert Anne-Sophie , Tsiganis Kleomenis 
Published: January 2015

AbstractHighly non-coplanar extrasolar systems (e.g. Upsilon Andromedae) and unexpected spin-orbit misalignment of some exoplanets have been discovered. In Libert and Tsiganis (2011), a significant increase of the mutual inclination of some multi-planet systems has been observed during the type II migration, as a result of planet-planet scattering and/or resonant interactions between the planets. Here we investigate the effect of the inclination damping due to planet-disk interactions on the previous results, for a variety of planetary systems with different initial configurations and mass ratios. Using the damping formulae for eccentricity and inclination provided by the numerical hydrodynamical simulations of Bitschet al.(2013), we examine their impact on the possible multiple resonances between the planets and how the growth in eccentricity and inclination is affected.
Can we expect the massive discs around young stellar objects class O-I to be a birthplace of planetesimal?
Authors: Snytnikov Valeriy N. , Stoyanovskaya Olga P. , Stadnichenko Olga A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPossibility of large bodies formation in massive discs of young stellar objects (YSO) class O-I was investigated. On the stage of YSO O-I the whole of factors: chemical composition of gas and solids, chemical catalytic reactions, the disc self-gravitation, the increased ratio of solids to gas surface density, adiabatic gas cooling provides favorable conditions for gravitational instabilities development. We simulated 3D dynamics of gas and dust under self-consistent gravitational field and reproduced the formation and evolution of the disc around the protostar. We found that for stars of Solar mass there are regimes when the disc of variable mass is unstable for the development of fast gravitational instabilities.
Imaging with a small number of photons
Authors: Morris Peter A. , Aspden Reuben S. , Bell Jessica E. C. , Boyd Robert W. , Padgett Miles J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractLow-light-level imaging techniques have application in many diverse fields, ranging from biological sciences to security. A high-quality digital camera based on a multi-megapixel array will typically record an image by collecting of order 105 photons per pixel, but by how much could this photon flux be reduced? In this work we demonstrate a single-photon imaging system based on a time-gated intensified camera from which the image of an object can be inferred from very few detected photons. We show that a ghost-imaging configuration, where the image is obtained from photons that have never interacted with the object, is a useful approach for obtaining images with high signal-to-noise ratios. The use of heralded single photons ensures that the background counts can be virtually eliminated from the recorded images. By applying principles of image compression and associated image reconstruction, we obtain high-quality images of objects from raw data formed from an average of fewer than one detected photon per image pixel.
Dislocation-mediated relaxation in nanograined columnar palladium films revealed by on-chip time-resolved HRTEM testing
Authors: Colla M. -S. , Amin-Ahmadi B. , Idrissi H. , Malet L. , Godet S. , Raskin J. -P. , Schryvers D. , Pardoen T. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe high-rate sensitivity of nanostructured metallic materials demonstrated in the recent literature is related to the predominance of thermally activated deformation mechanisms favoured by a large density of internal interfaces. Here we report time-resolved high-resolution electron transmission microscopy creep tests on thin nanograined films using on-chip nanomechanical testing. Tests are performed on palladium, which exhibited unexpectedly large creep rates at room temperature. Despite the small 30-nm grain size, relaxation is found to be mediated by dislocation mechanisms. The dislocations interact with the growth nanotwins present in the grains, leading to a loss of coherency of twin boundaries. The density of stored dislocations first increases with applied deformation, and then decreases with time to drive additional deformation while no grain boundary mechanism is observed. This fast relaxation constitutes a key issue in the development of various micro- and nanotechnologies such as palladium membranes for hydrogen applications.
MLST-based inference of genetic diversity and population structure of clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae, China
Authors: Guo Chenyi , Yang Xianwei , Wu Yarong , Yang Huiying , Han Yanping , Yang Ruifu , Hu Liangping , Cui Yujun , Zhou Dongsheng 
Published: January 2015

AbstractMultilocus sequence typing was applied to a collection of 327 clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae from China, which was proven to be a good representative of the global diversity of K. pneumoniae. Three lineages L1 to L3 are presented in the population with limited genetic flow across different lineages. However, extremely high levels of recombination can be observed within lineages to the extent at which the alleles are associated almost randomly. Lineages L2 and L3 most likely represent highly specific subgroups of less-virulent K. pneumoniae with modified metabolic networks, while lineage L1 contains not only hypervirulent clones with massive acquisition of virulent genes but also ‘primitive and intermediate forms’ during evolution of hypervirulent K. pneumoniae.
Development and Validation of A 48-Target Analytical Method for High-throughput Monitoring of Genetically Modified Organisms
Authors: Li Xiaofei , Wu Yuhua , Li Jun , Li Yunjing , Long Likun , Li Feiwu , Wu Gang 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe rapid increase in the number of genetically modified (GM) varieties has led to a demand for high-throughput methods to detect genetically modified organisms (GMOs). We describe a new dynamic array-based high throughput method to simultaneously detect 48 targets in 48 samples on a Fludigm system. The test targets included species-specific genes, common screening elements, most of the Chinese-approved GM events and several unapproved events. The 48 TaqMan assays successfully amplified products from both single-event samples and complex samples with a GMO DNA amount of 0.05 ng and displayed high specificity. To improve the sensitivity of detection, a preamplification step for 48 pooled targets was added to enrich the amount of template before performing dynamic chip assays. This dynamic chip-based method allowed the synchronous high-throughput detection of multiple targets in multiple samples. Thus, it represents an efficient, qualitative method for GMO multi-detection.