bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Developments of Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Nitriles and Alcohols
Authors: Cai Xiuju , Wei Xurui , Huang Ming 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCross‐coupling of nitriles and alcohols offers an environmentally friendly and atom‐economical method for the synthesis of various valuable compounds. These compounds include α‐alkylated and α‐olefinated nitriles, primary amines, imines, N‐alkylation amines, amides, N‐heterocycles, δ‐hydroxynitriles, olefins, etc. Herein, we have reviewed recent developments (from 2013–date) of transition‐metal‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of nitriles and alcohols. A number of transition metal complexes such as noble metals Ru and Ir, as well as base metals Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni are presented. Moreover, different product types, reaction conditions and mechanisms are discussed to understand the reaction and catalyst development.
Living beings, coevolution and psychotherapy: The legacy of Humberto Maturana
Authors: Tramonti Francesco 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRecently died at the age of 92, Humberto Maturana has exerted a deep influence on the field of psychotherapy. Systemic and cognitive‐constructivist approaches are those that mostly—or more explicitly—have absorbed his theories, but in a wider perspective, all the field could benefit from the rediscovery of such a significant scientific background. Building on some of the main themes of Maturana's research and theories—such as autopoiesis, structural coupling and consensual domains of knowledge—the present article aims at discussing some of the most topical implications for psychotherapy today. A special focus is placed on how some crucial findings of the research on psychotherapy process and outcomes could be better understood considering Maturana's teachings and on the role of psychotherapy in our social and cultural worlds.
Facile Mechanochemical Synthesis of Compositionally Complex Spinel‐type Oxides, (Co, Fe, Mn)3O4, (Co, Fe, Mn, Ni)3O4, and (Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni)3O4
Authors: Teppala Dharma Teja , Bernauer Jan , Drouillard Esteve , Kumar Geddam Yaswanth , Chen Guoxing , Widenmeyer Marc , Trapp Maximilian , Kleebe Hans‐Joachim , Kumar Ravi , Mathur Sanjay , Ionescu Emanuel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the current work, a simple mechanochemical route has been employed to preparatively access three spinel‐type compositionally complex ceramics, i. e., (Co, Fe, Mn)3O4, (Co, Fe, Mn, Ni)3O4, and (Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni)3O4. Hydrated nitrate salts of the respective transition metal elements were mechanically ground with ammonium hydrogen carbonate. The resulting paste‐like mixture of metal hydroxides, oxyhydroxides, and carbonates was rinsed with water to remove the byproduct (NH4NO3) and converted into the respective single‐phase spinel‐type oxides via calcination. In situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the formation of the spinel‐type structure (Fd
m) already at temperatures as low as 150 °C. Typically, the calcination of the precursors at temperatures beyond 500 °C led to the formation of well‐crystallized, single‐phase spinel‐type oxides with nearly equimolar composition and highly homogeneous distribution of the transition metals within the structure. The mechanochemical synthesis route in the present study is considered to be an easy, straightforward, and scalable access to compositionally complex oxides.
Further Extensions to GinSE
Authors: Byun Sung-Soo , Forrester Peter J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe elliptic extension of GinSE considered in the previous chapter gives rise to a potential which is not spherically symmetric. In contrast, the extensions of GinSE to be considered in this chapter—specifically the induced GinSE relating to a polar decomposition involving a rectangular generalisation of GinSE and a random Haar symplectic unitary matrix, the quaternion spherical ensemble of matrices $$G_1^{-1}G_2$$

G
1

-
1

G
2

with $$G_1,G_2$$

G
1

,

G
2

both GinSE matrices, a sub-block of a Haar symplectic unitary matrix, and products of GinSE matrices—all have the common feature that the corresponding potential is spherically symmetric. This allows for a unified treatment in relation to the corresponding skew-orthogonal polynomials. Furthermore, in each case the pre-kernel can be shown to satisfy an inhomogeneous partial differential equation, from which scaled limits can be computed.
Eigenvalue PDFs and Correlations
Authors: Byun Sung-Soo , Forrester Peter J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA GinUE random matrix has all entries as independent standard complex Gaussians. The eigenvalue PDF can be explicitly calculated, revealing an analogy with the Boltzmann factor for a particular two-dimensional Coulomb gas. The functional form of the eigenvalue PDF leads to a determinantal structure for the general k-point correlation function. The corresponding correlation kernel admits bulk and edge scaling limits, while the density also admits a global scaling limit giving rise to an example of the circular law. Various generalisations of the GinUE permit analogous analysis. Those considered in the present chapter are the elliptic GinUE consisting of a linear combination of Hermitian and anti-Hermitian Gaussian random matrices; the induced GinUE which relates to a polar decomposition involving a rectangular generalisation of a GinUE matrix; the complex spherical ensemble of matrices $$G_1^{-1} G_2$$

G
1

-
1

G
2

, with both $$G_1,G_2$$

G
1

,

G
2

GinUE matrices; the sub-block of a Haar unitary random matrix; and products of both GinUE matrices, and of truncated Haar unitary matrices. In the original paper of Ginibre [293], the diagonalisation formula $$G = V \Lambda V^{-1}$$

G
=
V
Λ

V

-
1

, where $$\Lambda $$
Λ
is the diagonal matrix of eigenvalues, and V is the matrix of corresponding eigenvectors which are unique up to normalisation, was used as the starting point to derive the eigenvalue PDF (1.7).
Fluctuation Formulas
Authors: Byun Sung-Soo , Forrester Peter J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGenerally, a statistic of a point process refers to the stochastic variable defined by evaluating a function at the points. In this setting the class of functions of a single variable are referred to as linear statistics. One example is the counting function for eigenvalues in a specified region. The large region size form of the variance of this statistic, when proportional to the surface area, is used to specify the state as being hyperuniform. In the case of GinUE eigenvalues, a central limit theorem for the distribution can be established, and this can be strengthened for a local limit theorem of the underlying probabilities. Moreover, large deviation formulas for the latter are obtained. The counting function linear statistic is discontinuous. Smooth linear statistics with global scaling exhibit distinct large N behaviours, in particular the variance is now an O(1) quantity for GinUE eigenvalues. A decomposition of this variance as a contribution from the bulk, and a contribution from the boundary, is exhibited. The chapter concludes with a discussion of GinUE eigenvalues in spatial modelling.
Coulomb Gas Model, Sum Rules and Asymptotic Behaviours
Authors: Byun Sung-Soo , Forrester Peter J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThroughout this chapter we consider the Coulomb gas model (1.12) with general $$\beta > 0$$

β
>
0

, for which we use the notation OCP, which stands for one-component plasma. The special case $$\beta = 2$$

β
=
2

coincides with GinUE. The study of thermodynamic properties of the OCP requires the asymptotic expansion of the logarithm of the renormalised configuration integral for large N. This holds true for the Coulomb gas model confined to general domains. A conjectured universal logarithmic term, which is proportional to the Euler characteristic of the domain, is highlighted and a conjecture for the $$\sqrt{N}$$

N

surface tension term in the case of disk geometry is also reported, as are some exact results for the energy per particle. In relation to the edge-scaled charge density, sum rules for the total charge and the dipole moment are given, and an asymptotic expansion of the density outside of the droplet is formulated, which as the multiplicative constant term involves the dimensionless free energy per particle. The final section of the chapter addresses sum rules and asymptotics associated with the truncated two-point correlation function, which is conveniently interpreted as the screening cloud about a fixed charge. Its Fourier transform gives the structure function, for which several terms in the small wavenumber expansion can be predicted. Also emphasised is distinct, slowly decaying, asymptotic behaviour of the truncated two-point correlation function at the boundary.
Further Theory and Applications
Authors: Byun Sung-Soo , Forrester Peter J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn addition to an analogy with the Boltzmann factor of the OCP with inverse temperature $$\beta = 2$$

β
=
2

, the GinUE eigenvalue PDF permits an interpretation as the absolute value squared of the ground state wave function for spinless fermions in the plane subject to a perpendicular magnetic field. More generally, for $$\beta $$
β
twice an odd positive integer m the OCP Boltzmann factor occurs as proportional to the absolute value squared of Laughlin trial wavefunction in the theory of the fractional quantum Hall effect with filling fraction 1/m. In relation to the topic of chaotic behaviour in dissipative quantum systems, statistical properties of the now complex energy spectrum can be compared with those of bulk GinUE eigenvalues.
Further Extensions to GinOE
Authors: Byun Sung-Soo , Forrester Peter J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAs for GinUE, GinOE permits a number of related ensembles which share many of its special properties. One of these, already introduced in the previous chapter, is elliptic GinOE. Considered in this chapter are the induced GinOE, which relates to a polar decomposition involving a rectangular generalisation of a GinOE matrix and a random Haar real orthogonal matrix; the real spherical ensemble of matrices $$G_1^{-1} G_2$$

G
1

-
1

G
2

, with both $$G_1,G_2$$

G
1

,

G
2

GinOE matrices; the sub-block of a Haar real orthogonal matrix; and products of GinOE matrices. Common structures and statistical features are emphasised, with again the occurrence of real eigenvalues responsible for topics of study beyond those for GinUE and its extensions.
Dissemination and Interpretation of Natural Heritage in Sierra de la Paramera (Ávila, Spain). An Experimental Activity on Geomorphosites, Cultural Heritage and Landscape
Authors: Ruiz-Pedrosa R. M. , Serrano E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe inhabitants of Natural Protected Areas are often unaware of the scientific and heritage value of the natural environment in which they live, although they are users and form part of its landscapes and landforms. The scientific community, in turn, does not always include the local population in research projects. Thus, it is necessary to implement mechanisms for participation and knowledge exchange. The scientific dissemination activity carried out at Castro de Ulaca, in the Sierra de la Paramera, in Ávila (Spain), was offered to the residents of the villages of the Natural Area and was focused on the relief, landscape and geomorphosites. The work, carried out through field work with the participants and surveys, shows the knowledge and opinions of the locals about the geomorphological heritage and the environmental protection of the area before the activity, and how it changes after it.
Wastewater quality during the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective analysis of a Polish case study
Authors: Luczkiewicz A. , Pierpaoli M. , Szopińska M. , Baraniak A. , Kotlarska E. , Komiazyk M. , Remiszewska-Skwarek A. , Fudala-Książek S. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The global crisis of the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused an enormous burden not only on the health, social, and economic sectors but also on many essential municipal services. Water distribution and wastewater management have faced increasing uncertainty due to the possible transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) via aerosols. Additionally, behavioral and social changes have impacted the water/wastewater services and caused the need for adaptation. In this study, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the influent of wastewater treatment plant located in Poland was analyzed November–December 2020, while other parameters important for the water/wastewater sector (e.g.: water usage and wastewater quality) were monitored in long-term period (2015–2020) during the working days, and holidays, including the 2020 lockdowns. In all tested wastewater samples, the genetic material of SARS-CoV-2 was detected, which confirmed the utility of wastewater monitoring to analyse the COVID-19 trends in local communities. Another important issue was the elevated presence of surfactants and the observed change in the organic matter structure in raw wastewater generated during lockdowns. Also the NGS approach and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing confirmed the changes of functional diversity and heterogeneity in activated sludge bacterial community, especially in terms of nutrients removal and biomass separation. Thus, it is crucial to a baseline understanding of how the water-wastewater sector can serve to control disease transmission among the community and which tools should be adopted as countermeasures not only for new water consumption patterns but also for keeping safe and effective wastewater treatment.

Graphical abstract
Bridging healthcare access: strategies beyond the COVID-19 public health emergency
Authors: Razmi Amaya Najma , Bajaj Simar S. , Stanford Fatima Cody 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIssued in January 2020, the federal Public Health Emergency (PHE)’s termination was ultimately inevitable and has prompted reflection over how the pandemic elicited relatively progressive reforms to healthcare. Although we are concerned that the PHE’s termination poses a significant threat to public health and equity, we believe that physicians, along with systemic changes, can provide critical support for patients as they navigate a shifting health policy landscape. In response to this evolving landscape, the article emphasizes the pivotal role of physicians and healthcare institutions in safeguarding patient access to care. It proposes strategies such as community-based workshops, patient navigators, and streamlined technology-driven redetermination processes to support vulnerable populations during this transition. Physicians are encouraged to engage in advocacy efforts, from voicing concerns at health meetings to collaborating with non-profit organizations and the media, to influence data-driven policy changes that prioritize patient safety and equitable access. Marginalized patients should not be slipping through the cracks.
Investigating Mountain Watershed Headwater‐To‐Groundwater Connections, Water Sources, and Storage Selection Behavior With Dynamic‐Flux Particle Tracking
Authors: Dennedy‐Frank P. James , Visser Ate , Maina Fadji Z. , Siirila‐Woodburn Erica R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractClimate change will impact mountain watershed streamflow both directly—with changing precipitation amounts and variability—and indirectly—through temperature shifts altering snowpack, melt, and evapotranspiration. To understand how these complex processes will affect ecosystem functioning and water resources, we need tools to distinguish connections between water sources (rain/snowmelt), groundwater storage, and exit fluxes (streamflow/evapotranspiration), and to determine how these connections change seasonally and as climate shifts. Here, we develop novel watershed‐scale approaches to understand water source, storage, and exit flux connections using a dynamic‐flux particle tracking model (EcoSLIM) applied in California's Cosumnes Watershed, which connects the Sierra Nevada and Central Valley. This work develops new visualizations and applications to provide mechanistic understanding that underpins the interpretation of isotopic field data at watershed scales to distinguish sources, flow paths, residence times, and storage selection. In our simulations, streamflow comes primarily from snow‐derived water while evapotranspiration generally comes from rain. Most streamflow starts above 1,000 m while evapotranspiration is sourced relatively evenly across the watershed and is generally younger than streamflow. Modeled streamflow consists primarily of water sourced from precipitation in the previous 5 years but before the current water year, while ET consists primarily of water from precipitation in the current water year. ET, and to a lesser extent streamflow, are both younger than water in groundwater storage. However, snowmelt‐derived streamflow preferentially discharges older water from snow‐derived storage. Dynamic‐flux particle tracking and new approaches presented here enable novel model‐tracer comparisons in large‐scale watersheds to better understand watershed behavior in a changing climate.
Development of Compaction Localization in Leitha Limestone: Finite Element Modeling Based on Synchrotron X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: Huang Wanying , Meng Fanbao , Liu Jie , Wong Teng‐fong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe mechanical behavior and failure mode of porous rocks vary with their microstructures. The formation of compaction bands (CBs) has been captured with high precision via in situ synchrotron CT and kinematic characteristics can be attained by image analysis. However, the stress characteristics cannot be directly evaluated from images, and how porosity heterogeneity triggers local instability and leads to the formation of CBs is not yet fully understood. To address this problem, we established a finite element (FE) model of the solid skeleton of a Leitha limestone sample based on X‐ray μCT data, considering the heterogeneity of pores and plastic hardening, and reproduced the evolution of strain localization and CBs. Our results revealed that the heterogeneity of porosity has a profound influence on the formation and propagation of CBs. Precursory stresses always appear very early around the pores where compaction bands develop, and the stress state of most points in CBs is quasi‐uniaxial compression, which has significantly high maximum principal stress σ1 in a direction subparallel to the sample axis, causing yield then compaction failure. Also, using a simplified FE mesh and ignoring the fracture of particles underestimate the extreme stress and porosity reduction—these can be improved by using fine mesh and involving grain‐scale fracture mechanics. Our study proves the feasibility and reliability of the CT‐FE simulation scheme, which can be extended to investigating the stress distribution and evolution of different rock types with a spectrum of failure modes if in situ CT data of rock deformation is available.
Transmission dynamics of MERS-CoV in a transgenic human DPP4 mouse model
Authors: van Doremalen Neeltje , Bushmaker Trenton , Fischer Robert J. , Okumura Atsushi , Figueroa Acosta Dania M. , McMinn Rebekah J. , Letko Michael , Scott Dana , Saturday Greg , Munster Vincent J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSince 2002, three novel coronavirus outbreaks have occurred: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and SARS-CoV-2. A better understanding of the transmission potential of coronaviruses will result in adequate infection control precautions and an early halt of transmission within the human population. Experiments on the stability of coronaviruses in the environment, as well as transmission models, are thus pertinent.Here, we show that transgenic mice expressing human DPP4 can be infected with MERS-CoV via the aerosol route. Exposure to 5 × 106 TCID50 and 5 × 104 TCID50 MERS-CoV per cage via fomites resulted in transmission in 15 out of 20 and 11 out of 18 animals, respectively. Exposure of sentinel mice to donor mice one day post inoculation with 105 TCID50 MERS-CoV resulted in transmission in 1 out of 38 mice via direct contact and 4 out of 54 mice via airborne contact. Exposure to donor mice inoculated with 104 TCID50 MERS-CoV resulted in transmission in 0 out of 20 pairs via direct contact and 0 out of 5 pairs via the airborne route. Our model shows limited transmission of MERS-CoV via the fomite, direct contact, and airborne routes. The hDPP4 mouse model will allow assessment of the ongoing evolution of MERS-CoV in the context of acquiring enhanced human-to-human transmission kinetics and will inform the development of other transmission models.
Chalcogenide Ge20Sb5Se75 photonic crystal fiber with seven air-hole rings for ultraflat mid-infrared supercontinuum generation
Authors: Van Lanh Chu , Le Tran Bao Tran 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Supercontinuum (SC) generation in solid-core circular photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) made of Ge20Sb5Se75 is numerically analyzed. A large core is projected to increase light coupling efficiency into selected PCFs as well as raise coupling to standard silica fibers. High nonlinear coefficient and near-zero flat dispersion allow ultraflat SC spanning 1.5–4.6 μm in an all-normal dispersion regime. This requires 3 kW of peak power with 180 fs of pulse duration. The fiber with one zero-dispersion wavelength (ZDW) generates SC bandwidth in the range of 1.54–7.39 μm at 3.5 μm using peak power of 10 kW. For the same input power, the SC spectral covers from 1.39 to 7.36 μm in 10 cm of fiber with two ZDWs. These are wider SC bandwidths than those of previous chalcogenide fibers reached with lower peak powers. Therefore, the proposed Ge20Sb5Se75 PCFs are excellent candidates for the broadband ultraflat mid-infrared SC spectra used in high-speed nonlinear imaging and frequency measurement.
Superposition and interference of Gaussian wave packets for laser transverse modes
Authors: Liu Lu , Wang Fuyong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We interpret the intrinsic mechanism of the transition from geometric modes to eigenmodes in the Gaussian wave-packet representation based on numerical simulation. We then construct multiaxial super-geometric modes and polygonal vortex modes based on Gaussian wave packets. We highlight that the superposition of Gaussian wave packets can build the geometric modes described by Hermite polynomials and that the eigenmodes are the result of the interference of Gaussian wave packets. We conclude that Gaussian wave packets might serve as a complete basis for constructing structured light generated in solid-state laser cavities. Our study may provide meaningful insight into Gaussian wave packets for laser transverse modes.
Heralded high-efficiency entanglement concentration of cluster states for photon systems with linear optics via time-delay effect
Authors: Du Fang-Fang , Li Ling-Hui , Ren Xue-Mei , Ma Ming , Wang Yang-Yang , Liu Wen-Yao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Entanglement concentration stands as a pivotal technique to safeguard against degraded fidelity in long-distance quantum communication. In this manuscript, propose ultra-efficient entanglement concentration protocols (ECPs) tailored for less-entangled two-photon cluster states and four-photon cluster states with two unknown parameters, leveraging simple linear optical elements and acute single-photon detectors. Additionally, ancillary photons, post-selection techniques, or photon-number-resolving detectors are unnecessary for complete identification of the parity-check measurement. By coordinating auxiliary time degrees of freedom and implementing multiple recycling conditions, the success of two ECPs can be heralded by detection signatures without compromising the incident qubits, thereby allowing their efficiencies to be close to 0.75, in principle. The combination of heralded detection and basic linear optical elements renders our practical ECPs accessible for experimental exploration with current technology.