bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Layer‐by‐Layer‐Based Silica Encapsulation of Individual Yeast with Thickness Control
Authors: Lee Hojae , Hong Daewha , Choi Ji Yu , Kim Ji Yup , Lee Sang Hee , Kim Ho Min , Yang Sung Ho , Choi Insung S. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn the area of cell‐surface engineering with nanomaterials, the metabolic and functional activities of the encapsulated cells are manipulated and controlled by various parameters of the artificial shells that encase the cells, such as stiffness and elasticity, thickness, and porosity. The mechanical durability and physicochemical stability of inorganic shells prove superior to layer‐by‐layer‐based organic shells with regard to cytoprotection, but it has been difficult to vary the parameters of inorganic shells including their thickness. In this work, we combine the layer‐by‐layer technique with a process of bioinspired silicification to control the thickness of the silica shells that encapsulate yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells individually, and investigate the thickness‐dependent microbial growth.
Synthesis of Nucleobase‐Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes and Their Hybridization with Single‐Stranded DNA
Authors: Hwu Jih Ru , Kapoor Mohit , Li Rou‐Ying , Lin Yung‐Chieh , Horng Jia‐Cherng , Tsay Shwu‐Chen 
Published: October 2014

AbstractFor the first time ssDNA (25‐aptamer of mixed dA, dT, dG, and dC) was wrapped around functionalized single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), whose external surfaces were attached to multiple triazole‐(ethylene glycol)‐dA ligands. This method of hybridization involved the formation of hydrogen bonds between dT of ssDNA and dA of functionalized SWCNTs. It deviates from the reported π–π stacking between the nucleobases of DNA and the external sidewalls of nanotubes. The structural properties of the functionalized SWCNTs and its ssDNA complex were characterized by spectroscopic (including CD and Raman), thermogravimetric, and microscopic (TEM) methods. The results thus obtained establish a new platform of DNA delivery by use of nanotubes as a new vehicle with great potential in biomedical applications and drug development.
3D street art illusions: embedding chalk stylized rendering of 3D objects into a pavement photo
Authors: Way Der‐Lor , Hsieh Cheng‐Han 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThree dimensional street art illusions have become more popular in recent years. Many of them are drawn on pavement such as streets, sidewalks, and town squares. It is often known as 3D chalk art, where a 2D artwork is drawn on the street, giving the viewer a 3D optical illusion from a certain perspective. This paper supplies chalk stylized renderings for 3D models and synthesizes 3D objects into a realistic photograph. Users can input one photo for the 3D model. First, a camera position is achieved by using a camera calibration algorithm. Second, a chalk stylized rendering was applied to create an artistic image of the 3D models using the same camera position. Then, the non‐photorealistic rendering image is composited into a source photograph using a modified Poisson approach. All of the enhanced pavement texture details are also blended into the object's image. The major contribution of this paper is providing a user to create any interesting and attractive 3D illusionary art without physically drawing pictures on the pavement. Finally, the proposed method is demonstrated using various experimental 3D street art illusion images. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An interesting case of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the colon with synchronous metastatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Rajan Ruben , Baqar Ali , Menon Tulsi 
Published: October 2014

Key Clinical MessageWe present a case of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the colon with synchronous metastatic adenocarcinoma. This case highlights the poor prognosis of these late presenting cancers. Furthermore, the unusual dual pathology raises questions about its potential etiology.
A new association – multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor
Authors: Preda Veronica , Sywak Mark , Learoyd Diana 
Published: October 2014

Key Clinical MessageWe report a patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN‐1) and an aggressive malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) arising from a ganglioneuroma of the adrenal gland. Patients with MEN‐1 require careful consideration of other tumor associations, including MPNST, as it can portend a poor prognosis. MEN‐1 and MPNST have not been reported.
Practical Ruthenium Catalysts for the Synthesis of Cyclic Olefin Oligomers, Polymers, and their Hydrogenated Derivatives
Authors: Dumrath Christa , Dumrath Andreas , Neumann Helfried , Beller Matthias , Kadyrov Renat 
Published: October 2014

AbstractHerein, we demonstrate the efficient ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of cyclic dienes and olefins catalyzed by several ruthenium–arene complexes as well as commercially available Grubbs‐type catalysts. The molecular mass and polydispersity of the oligomers was effectively controlled with the aid of different chain‐transfer agents. Furthermore, a highly practical and scalable sequential one‐pot synthesis method was successfully established to obtain hydrogenated ROMP oligomers with a homogenous hydrogenation catalyst.
Trifluoromethylation of Tetraphenylborate Counterions in Cationic Iridium(III) Complexes: Enhanced Electrochemical Stabilities, Charge‐Transport Abilities, and Device Performance
Authors: Ma Dongxin , Duan Lian , Wei Yongge , Qiu Yong 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTrifluoromethylation of tetraphenlyborate counterions was successfully used to improve the electrochemical stabilities and device performance of cationic iridium(III) complexes. Melioration of the thermal, photoluminescent, electrochemical, and electrophosphorescent characteristics was achieved. Interionic hydrogen bonds were first found between the aromatic hydrogen atoms in the ancillary ligands of cations and the fluorine atoms in the trifluoromethyl groups of the anions. The strong impact of the counterions on the charge transport in the devices was investigated. A compound with two trifluoromethyl groups in the tetraphenlyborate ion shows the highest photoluminescent efficiency, the best electrochemical stability, and the greatest performance in green‐blue‐emitting devices, with a high current efficiency of 12.4 cd A−1 and an emission peak at λ=480 nm. The efficiencies achieved are the highest reported for OLEDs with ionic complexes emitting in the blue‐green region.
MIL‐101‐SO3H: A Highly Efficient Brønsted Acid Catalyst for Heterogeneous Alcoholysis of Epoxides under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Zhou Yu‐Xiao , Chen Yu‐Zhen , Hu Yingli , Huang Gang , Yu Shu‐Hong , Jiang Hai‐Long 
Published: October 2014

AbstractFor the first time, a ∼100 % sulfonic acid functionalized metal–organic framework (MOF), MIL‐101‐SO3H, with giant pores has been prepared by a hydrothermal process followed by a facile postsynthetic HCl treatment strategy. The replete readily accessible Lewis acidic and especially Brønsted acidic sites distributed throughout the framework as well as high stability endow the resultant MOF exceptionally high efficiency and recyclability, which surpass all other MOF‐based catalysts, for the ring opening of epoxides with alcohols (especially, methanol) as nucleophiles under ambient conditions.
Variationen zum Thema Graphen
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDie mit dem Physik‐Nobelpreis 2010 ausgezeichnete Entdeckung des Graphens, einer stabilen Einzelschicht aus Kohlenstoffatomen mit der Wabenstruktur des Graphits, führte zu einer Flut von Versuchen, ähnliche Materialien auch aus anderen Elementen herzustellen. Interessant und ästhetisch reizvoll ist zum Beispiel eine stickstoffhaltige Analogverbindung, die aus Triazin‐Bausteinen zusammengesetzt ist.
Structure–Activity Relationship Study of Spider Polyamine Toxins as Inhibitors of Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors
Authors: Xiong Xiao‐Feng , Poulsen Mette H. , Hussein Rama A. , Nørager Niels G. , Strømgaard Kristian 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe spider polyamine toxins Joro spider toxin‐3 (JSTX‐3) and Nephila polyamine toxins‐1 and ‐8 (NPTX‐1 and NPTX‐8) are isolated from the venom of the orb‐weaver spider Nephila clavata (Joro spider). They share a high degree of structural resemblance, their aromatic head groups being the only difference, and were recently found to be very potent open‐channel blockers of ionotropic glutamate (iGlu) receptors. In this study we designed and synthesized a collection of 24 analogues of these toxins using a recently developed solid‐phase synthetic methodology. Systematic variation in two regions of the toxins and subsequent evaluation of biological activity at AMPA and NMDA subtypes of iGlu receptors provided succinct information on structure–activity relationships. In particular, one set of analogues were found to display exquisite selectivity and potency for AMPA receptors relative to the natural products. Thus, this systematic SAR study has provided new pharmacological tools for studies of iGlu receptors.
Cube‐like α‐Fe2O3 Supported on Ordered Multimodal Porous Carbon as High Performance Electrode Material for Supercapacitors
Authors: Chaudhari Nitin K. , Chaudhari Sudeshna , Yu Jong‐Sung 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWell‐dispersed cube‐like iron oxide (α‐Fe2O3) nanoparticles (NPs) supported on ordered multimodal porous carbon (OMPC) are synthesized for the first time by a facile and efficient glycine‐assisted hydrothermal route. The effect of OPMC support on growth and formation mechanism of the Fe2O3 NPs is discussed. OMPC as a supporting material plays a pivotal role of controlling the shape, size, and dispersion of the Fe2O3 NPs. As‐synthesized α‐Fe2O3/OMPC composites reveal significant improvement in the performance as electrode material for supercapacitors. Compared to the bare Fe2O3 and OMPC, the composite exhibits excellent cycling stability, rate capability, and enhanced specific capacitances of 294 F g−1 at 1.5 A g−1, which is twice that of OMPC (145 F g−1) and about four times higher than that of bare Fe2O3 (85 F g−1). The improved electrochemical performance of the composite can be attributed to the well‐defined structure, high conductivity, and hierarchical porosity of OMPC as well as the unique α‐Fe2O3 NPs with cube‐like morphology well‐anchored on the OMPC support, which makes the composite a promising candidate for supercapacitors.
UCGNet: wireless sensor network‐based active aquifer contamination monitoring and control system for underground coal gasification
Authors: Barnwal Rajesh P. , Bharti Sujeet , Misra Sudip , Obaidat Mohammad S. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryUnderground coal gasification (UCG) is a potentially effective methodology for mining underground coal. Further, there are various situations in which coal mining using conventional methods is formidable or costly, and, thus, UCG makes it feasible for recovering those coal resources from underground as alternative forms of energy. However, the environmental risk, particularly aquifer contamination, is a major bottleneck in adopting this technology by the industry. Concurrently, wireless sensor network (WSN) is a promising technology currently for use in various industrial process monitoring and control applications. The easy deployment, scalability, and low power consumption make WSN specially attractive. In this work, we propose a WSN‐based aquifer contamination monitoring and controlling system for the UCG plant. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A non‐repudiable negotiation protocol for security service level agreements
Authors: Kannisto J. , Takahashi T. , Harju J. , Heikkinen S. , Helenius M. , Matsuo S. , Silverajan B. 
Published: October 2014

SummarySecurity service level agreements (SSLAs) provide a systematic way for end users at home or in the office to guarantee sufficient security level when doing business or exchanging sensitive personal or organizational data with an online service. In this paper, we propose an SSLA negotiation protocol that implements non‐repudiation with cryptographic identities and digital signatures and includes features that make it resistant to denial of service attacks. The basic version of the protocol does not rely on the use of a trusted third party, and it can be used for all kinds of simple negotiations. For the negotiation about SSLAs, the protocol provides an option to use an external knowledge base that may help the user in the selection of suitable security measures. We have implemented a prototype of the system, which uses JSON Web Signature for the message exchange and made some performance tests with it. The results show that the computational effort required by the cryptographic operations of the negotiation protocol remains at a reasonable level. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The international society for developmental psychobiology Sackler symposium: Early adversity and the maturation of emotion circuits—A cross‐species analysis
Authors: Callaghan Bridget L. , Sullivan Regina M. , Howell Brittany , Tottenham Nim 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTEarly‐life caregiving shapes the architecture and function of the developing brain. The fact that the infant‐caregiver relationship is critically important for infant functioning across all altricial species, and that the anatomical circuits supporting emotional functioning are highly preserved across different species, suggests that the results of studies examining the role of early adversity and emotional functioning should be translatable across species. Here we present findings from four different research laboratories, using three different species, which have converged on a similar finding: adversity accelerates the developmental trajectory of amygdala‐prefrontal cortex (PFC) development and modifies emotional behaviors. First, a rodent model of attachment learning associated with adversity is presented showing precocial disruption of attachment learning and emergence of heightened fear learning and emotionality. Second, a model of infant‐mother separation is presented in which early adversity is shown to accelerate the developmental emergence of adult‐like fear retention and extinction. Third, a model of early life adversity in Rhesus monkeys is presented in which a naturally occurring variation in maternal‐care (abuse) is shown to alter the functioning of emotion circuits. Finally, a human model of maternal deprivation is presented in which children born into orphanages and then adopted abroad exhibit aberrant development of emotion circuits. The convergence of these cross‐species studies on early life adversity suggests that adversity targets the amygdala and PFC and has immediate impact on infant behavior with the caregiver, and emotional reactions to the world. These results provide insight into mechanisms responsible for caregiver induced mental health trajectory alterations. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 1635–1650, 2014.
Identification of the growth hormone‐releasing hormone analogue [Pro1, Val14]‐hGHRH with an incomplete C‐term amidation in a confiscated product
Authors: Esposito Simone , Deventer Koen , Van Eenoo Peter 
Published: October 2014

In this work, a modified version of the 44 amino acid human growth hormone‐releasing hormone (hGHRH(1‐44)) containing an N‐terminal proline extension, a valine residue in position 14, and a C‐terminus amidation (sequence: PYADAIFTNSYRKVVLGQLSARKLLQDIMSRQQGESNQERGARARL‐NH2) has been identified in a confiscated product by liquid chromatography‐high resolution mass spectrometry (LC‐HRMS). Investigation of the product suggests also an incomplete C‐term amidation.Similarly to other hGHRH analogues, available in black markets, this peptide can potentially be used as performance‐enhancing drug due to its growth hormone releasing activity and therefore it should be considered as a prohibited substance in sport. Additionally, the presence of partially amidated molecule reveals the poor pharmaceutical quality of the preparation, an aspect which represents a big concern for public health as well. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extensive variation in chromosome number and genome size in sexual and parthenogenetic species of the jumping‐bristletail genus Machilis (Archaeognatha)
Authors: Gassner Melitta , Dejaco Thomas , Schönswetter Peter , Marec František , Arthofer Wolfgang , Schlick‐Steiner Birgit C. , Steiner Florian M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractParthenogenesis in animals is often associated with polyploidy and restriction to extreme habitats or recently deglaciated areas. It has been hypothesized that benefits conferred by asexual reproduction and polyploidy are essential for colonizing these habitats. However, while evolutionary routes to parthenogenesis are manifold, study systems including polyploids are scarce in arthropods. The jumping‐bristletail genus Machilis (Insecta: Archaeognatha) includes both sexual and parthenogenetic species, and recently, the occurrence of polyploidy has been postulated. Here, we applied flow cytometry, karyotyping, and mitochondrial DNA sequencing to three sexual and five putatively parthenogenetic Eastern‐Alpine Machilis species to investigate whether (1) parthenogenesis originated once or multiply and (2) whether parthenogenesis is strictly associated with polyploidy. The mitochondrial phylogeny revealed that parthenogenesis evolved at least five times independently among Eastern‐Alpine representatives of this genus. One parthenogenetic species was exclusively triploid, while a second consisted of both diploid and triploid populations. The three other parthenogenetic species and all sexual species were diploid. Our results thus indicate that polyploidy can co‐occur with parthenogenesis, but that it was not mandatory for the emergence of parthenogenesis in Machilis. Overall, we found a weak negative correlation of monoploid genome size (Cx) and chromosome base number (x), and this connection is stronger among parthenogenetic species alone. Likewise, monoploid genome size decreased with elevation, and we therefore hypothesize that genome downsizing could have been crucial for the persistence of alpine Machilis species. Finally, we discuss the evolutionary consequences of intraspecific chromosomal rearrangements and the presence of B chromosomes. In doing so, we highlight the potential of Alpine Machilis species for research on chromosomal and genome‐size alterations during speciation.
Steady‐state and transient voltage stability analysis of a weak distribution system with a remote doubly fed induction generator‐based wind farm
Authors: Kunwar Amit , Bansal Ramesh , Krause Olav 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn modern, stressed distribution system, voltage stability is a major concern from planning and operation perspectives. Remote wind farm connected to a weak distribution system through a long line could adversely affect the voltage stability of the respective distribution network. This paper investigates the transient and steady‐state voltage issues of a distribution network with a distant doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)‐based wind farm. Results show that a distant DFIG‐based wind farm could improve the voltage stability of a distribution network with a large motor load in steady‐state operating condition as well as following disturbances, like three‐phase faults, sudden load tripping, and motor starting.
Odorant volatile sulfur compounds in cat urine: occurrence of (+/−)‐3,7‐dimethyloct‐3‐sulfanyl‐6‐en‐1‐ol and its cysteine conjugate precursor
Authors: Starkenmann Christian , Niclass Yvan , Cayeux Isabelle , Brauchli Robert , Gagnon Anne‐Claire 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTCat urine from female, male, spayed female or neutered male cats was fermented with an undefined soil microflora broth to create a typical cat urine malodour. This fermented urine was extracted and analysed by a gas chromatograph–mass spectrometer coupled to an olfactory port. Sulfur compounds are the major contributors to cat urine odour, the key odorants being 4‐methyl‐4‐sulfanyl‐pentan‐2‐one, 3‐methyl‐3‐sulfanyl‐butan‐1‐ol and 3‐methyl‐3‐sulfanyl‐1‐butyl formate. Other compounds contributing to aged cat urine odour are mainly indole and para‐cresol. In addition to felinine, a cysteine‐S‐conjugate precursor of 3‐methyl‐3‐sulfanyl‐butan‐1‐ol, the occurrence of S‐(1‐hydroxy‐3,7‐dimethyl‐6‐octen‐3‐yl)cysteine (1.4 mg/L (±0.2) on average in male cats is described for the first time. Its concentration is proportional to that of felinine. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A higher‐order unsplit 2D direct Eulerian finite volume method for two‐material compressible flows based on the MOOD paradigms
Authors: Diot S. , François M. M. , Dendy E. D. 
Published: October 2014

SUMMARYA higher‐order unsplit multi‐dimensional discretization of the diffuse interface model for two‐material compressible flows proposed by R. Saurel, F. Petitpas and R. A. Berry in 2009 is developed. The proposed higher‐order method is based on the concepts of the Multidimensional Optimal Order Detection (MOOD) method introduced in three recent papers for single‐material flows. The first‐order unsplit multi‐dimensional Finite Volume discretization presented by SPB serves as foundation for the development of the higher‐order unlimited schemes. Specific detection criteria along with a novel decrementing algorithm for the MOOD method are designed in order to deal with the complexity of multi‐material flows. Numerically, we compare errors and computational times on several 1D problems (stringent shock tube and cavitation problems) computed on 2D meshes with the second‐ and fourth‐order MOOD methods using a classical MUSCL method as reference. Several simulations of a 2D shocked R22 bubble in the air are also presented on Cartesian and unstructured meshes with the second‐ and fourth‐order MOOD methods, and qualitative comparisons confirm the conclusions obtained with 1D problems. These numerical results demonstrate the robustness of the MOOD approach and the interest of using more than second‐order methods even for locally singular solutions of complex physics models. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Verfassung in neuem Antlitz
Authors: Dzwonnek Dorothee 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDie DFG hat ihre Satzung novelliert. Der von den Mitgliedern in großer Eintracht beschlossene Text beschreibt Aufgaben und Arbeit unserer Organisation systematischer, transparenter und moderner – und ist so nicht zuletzt die Basis für das gemeinsame Handeln aller in der DFG für die Wissenschaft.
Zielstrebige Navigation
Authors: Unterstell Rembert 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDie Medizininformatikerin und Heinz Maier‐Leibnitz‐Preisträgerin Lena Maier‐Hein will computergestützte Assistenzsysteme für minimalinvasive Eingriffe in der Krebsdiagnose und ‐therapie optimieren. Größte Herausforderung ist die Übertragung in den klinischen Alltag.
The Case for Phasing Out Experiments on Primates
Authors: Conlee Kathleen M. , Rowan Andrew N. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWhether they realize it or not, most stakeholders in the debate about using animals for research agree on the common goal of seeking an end to research that causes animals harm. The central issues in the controversy are about how much effort should be devoted to that goal and when we might reasonably expect to achieve it. Some progress has already been made: The number of animals used for research is about half what it was in the 1970s, and biomedical research has reached the point where we can reasonably begin to envision a time when it could advance without causing harm to animals. With some effort and aggressive development of new biomedical research technologies, full replacement of animals in harmful research is within our grasp. The goal will not be reached all at once, however, and phasing out invasive research on all nonhuman primates should be the priority.