bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WONOEP appraisal: Optogenetic tools to suppress seizures and explore the mechanisms of epileptogenesis
Authors: Mantoan Ritter Laura , Golshani Peyman , Takahashi Koji , Dufour Suzie , Valiante Taufik , Kokaia Merab 
Published: October 2014

SummaryOptogenetics is a novel technology that combines optics and genetics by optical control of microbial opsins, targeted to living cell membranes. The versatility and the electrophysiologic characteristics of the light‐sensitive ion‐channels channelrhodopsin‐2 (ChR2), halorhodopsin (NpHR), and the light‐sensitive proton pump archaerhodopsin‐3 (Arch) make these optogenetic tools potent candidates in controlling neuronal firing in models of epilepsy and in providing insights into the physiology and pathology of neuronal network organization and synchronization. Opsins allow selective activation of excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons, or subclasses of interneurons, to study their activity patterns in distinct brain‐states in vivo and to dissect their role in generation of synchrony and seizures. The influence of gliotransmission on epileptic network function is another topic of great interest that can be further explored by using light‐activated Gq protein–coupled opsins for selective activation of astrocytes. The ever‐growing optogenetic toolbox can also be combined with emerging techniques that have greatly expanded our ability to record specific subtypes of cortical and hippocampal neurons in awake behaving animals such as juxtacellular recording and two‐photon guided whole‐cell recording, to identify the specific subtypes of neurons that are altered in epileptic networks. Finally, optogenetic tools allow rapid and reversible suppression of epileptic electroencephalography (EEG) activity upon photoactivation. This review outlines the most recent advances achieved with optogenetic techniques in the field of epilepsy by summarizing the presentations contributed to the 13th ILAE WONOEP meeting held in the Laurentian Mountains, Quebec, in June 2013.
Cementless total hip arthroplasty for haemophilic arthropathy: follow‐up result of more than 10 years
Authors: Lee S. H. , Rhyu K. H. , Cho Y. J. , Yoo M. C. , Chun Y. S. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThe improvement of prophylaxis and adequate replacement of clotting factors, the quality of life and natural history of haemophilia have been significantly improved. However, significant functional impairment is inevitable. This study was performed to evaluate over 10 years clinical and radiographic outcomes of cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) for treatment of haemophilic hip arthropathy. Between 1995 and 2003, 27cases of cementless total hip arthroplasties were performed in 23 haemophilic patients. A total of 21 cases from 17 patients were available for follow‐up analysis over 10 years. Modified Harris hip score, the range of motion of the hip joint, perioperative coagulation factor requirements and complications associated with bleeding were evaluated as part of the clinical assessment. For the radiographic assessment, fixation of component, osteolysis, loosening and other complications were evaluated. Clinically, the mean Harris hip score improved from 57 points before the operation to 94 points at the last follow‐up. The mean flexion contracture was 10° preoperatively and 0.9° at the final follow‐up. The further flexion improved from 68.4° to 90.5° after surgery. The mean monthly requirement of factor VIII reduced from 3150 units before surgery to 1800 units at the time of the last follow‐up. There were three cases of rebleeding. In one case, a progressive haemophilic pseudotumour was found. Reoperation for any reason including revision was performed in three cases. We believe that cementless THA in patient with haemophilic hip arthropathy can bring reliable pain relief and functional improvement for longer than 10 years.
Real‐World Economic Impact of OnabotulinumtoxinA in Patients With Chronic Migraine
Authors: Rothrock John F. , Bloudek Lisa M. , Houle Timothy T. , Andress‐Rothrock Diane , Varon Sepideh F. 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveTo determine whether the utilization of healthcare resources is reduced after chronic migraine patients are treated for 6 months with onabotulinumtoxinA.BackgroundOnabotulinumtoxinA is indicated for headache prophylaxis in patients with chronic migraine, but its effect on healthcare resource use is unknown.MethodsWe analyzed data from an open‐label study of 230 chronic migraine patients refractory to ≥2 oral prophylactics who presented to a headache specialty clinic and who were treated with two cycles of onabotulinumtoxinA. Frequency and cost of migraine‐related healthcare resource use, including visits to emergency departments, urgent care, or hospitalization, were compared for the 6 months before and after initial treatment. Costs were based on publicly available sources.ResultsCompared with the 6 months predating initial treatment, patients had 55% fewer emergency department visits (174 vs 385), 59% fewer urgent care visits (61 vs 150), and 57% fewer hospitalizations (19 vs 45) during the 6‐month treatment period (P < .01 for all). Analysis of treatment‐related costs yielded an average reduction of $1219.33/patient, off‐setting 49.7% of the total estimated cost for 6 months of treatment with onabotulinumtoxinA.ConclusionsAlthough we are unable to distinguish onabotulinumtoxinA's treatment effect from other potential confounding variables, our analysis showed that severely afflicted, treatment‐refractory patients with chronic migraine experienced a significant cost‐offset through reduced migraine‐related emergency department visits, urgent care visits, and hospitalizations in the 6 months following treatment initiation of onabotulinumtoxinA. Future analyses will assess the longer‐term effect of onabotulinumtoxinA treatment and the potential contribution of regression to the mean.
Statin use and risk of gallstone disease: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Kan He‐Ping , Guo Wen‐bin , Tan Yong‐Fa , Zhou Jie , Liu Cun‐dong , Huang Yu‐Qi 
Published: October 2014

AimThere is emerging evidence from animal and human studies that current statins can decrease the formation of gallbladder cholesterol gallstones and subsequently decrease the risk of gallstone disease, but consistent results have not been reported. We performed a meta‐analysis to provide an overview of the relevant studies.MethodsRelevant studies published between January 1980 and February 2014 were identified by searching Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library. Studies were selected using a priori defined criteria. The strength of the relationship between statin use and risk of gallstone disease was assessed by adjusted odds ratio (OR).ResultsA total of 622 868 participants from six studies (four case–control studies, one cohort study and one cross‐sectional study) were identified in this meta‐analysis. The studies provided adjusted overall OR estimates for current statin use versus non‐use, leading to a pooled OR of 0.86 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.77–0.97; P < 0.001). The overall OR of population‐based case–control studies and cholecystectomy due to gallstone disease were 0.83 (95% CI, 0.73–0.95; P = 0.0131) and 0.78 (95% CI, 0.74–0.82; P = 0.615), respectively.ConclusionThere is evidence that current statin use lowers the risk of gallstone disease compared with non‐use, especially for cholecystectomy due to gallstone disease. Low statin use (1–4 prescriptions) did not decrease the risk of gallstone disease, but moderate and high statin use significantly decreased the risk. Further multicenter and better controlled studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Synthetic lethal interaction of combined CD26 and Bcl‐xL inhibition is a powerful anticancer therapy against hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kawaguchi Tsukasa , Kodama Takahiro , Hikita Hayato , Makino Yuki , Saito Yoshinobu , Tanaka Satoshi , Shimizu Satoshi , Sakamori Ryotaro , Miyagi Takuya , Wada Hiroshi , Nagano Hiroaki , Hiramatsu Naoki , Tatsumi Tomohide , Takehara Tetsuo 
Published: October 2014

AimCD26 is a membrane glycoprotein that has multiple functions, including dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity. CD26 expression varies in different tumor types, and its role in tumor growth in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear.MethodsCD26 expression levels were examined in resected HCC and surrounding non‐cancerous lesions. The effect of CD26 knockdown on the cellular proliferation of HepG2 or Huh7 cells, both of which highly express CD26, was studied in vitro.ResultsCD26 mRNA expression levels were significantly increased in HCC compared with their surrounding non‐cancerous lesions. We confirmed that various HCC cell lines, especially HepG2 and Huh7 cells, showed high expression levels of CD26. siRNA‐mediated knockdown of CD26 suppressed hepatoma cell growth in vitro. CD26 knockdown induced cell cycle arrest through the upregulation of Cip/Kip family proteins, p21 in HepG2 cells and p27 in Huh7 cells. CD26 knockdown did not affect apoptosis, but it increased expressions of the pro‐apoptotic proteins Bim and Bak and the anti‐apoptotic protein Bcl‐xL, suggesting an addiction of CD26 knockdown cells to Bcl‐xL for survival. We thus treated CD26 knockdown cells with ABT‐737, a Bcl‐xL/‐2/‐w inhibitor, and observed that the synthetic lethal interaction of combined Bcl‐xL and CD26 inhibition induced significant apoptosis and impaired cellular viability.ConclusionCD26 mRNA was overexpressed in HCC, and its inhibition suppressed cellular proliferation through cell cycle arrest. The combined use of CD26 knockdown with a Bcl‐xL inhibitor further elicited substantial apoptosis and therefore may serve as a powerful anticancer combination therapy against HCC.
Aurora kinase A is superior to Ki67 as a prognostic indicator of survival in neuroblastoma
Authors: Ramani Pramila , Nash Rachel , Rogers Chris A 
Published: October 2014

AimsTo compare the expression and prognostic value of the cell cycle markers Aurora kinase A (AURKA) and Ki67 in neuroblastoma, because AURKA expression levels have greater prognostic significance than those of Ki67 in some cancers.Methods and resultsEighty‐eight neuroblastomas were immunostained with anti‐AURKA and Ki67 antibodies. Digitally scanned slides were scored using imaging analysis software. Median AURKA and Ki67 proliferation indices (PIs) were 1.5% and 26%, respectively. Higher than median AURKA and Ki67 levels were detected in the neuroblastomas from patients belonging to the high‐risk group, those with MYCN amplification, and those with unfavourable pathology, including a high mitosis–karyorrhexis index (MKI). High AURKA and Ki67 levels were significantly associated with shorter overall survival (OS) and event‐free survival (EFS) in univariate analyses. In multivariate analyses, high AURKA level was associated with significantly shorter OS and EFS, independently of risk group, and of MYCN amplification and MKI. High Ki67 level was not associated with shorter OS or EFS after adjustment for risk group or MYCN amplification and MKI.ConclusionsHigh AURKA and Ki67 levels were associated with adverse prognostic factors and shorter survival, but AURKA provides more valuable prognostic information than Ki67 in neuroblastoma.
Human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 testing in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a comparison between murine and rabbit antibodies
Authors: Svrcek Magali , Cros Jérôme , Maréchal Raphael , Bachet Jean‐Baptiste , Fléjou Jean‐François , Demetter Pieter 
Published: October 2014

AimsThe human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) expression level in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) may predict survival in gemcitabine‐treated patients after resection. These results have been obtained with a murine anti‐hENT1 antibody (10D7G2) that is not commercially available. Another antibody, which is rabbit‐derived (SP120), appears to have no predictive value in local, advanced or metastatic PDAC. We aimed to study whether the two antibodies are equivalent.Methods and resultsWe compared hENT1 expression with both antibodies in resected PDAC. The results were correlated with overall survival (OS) following gemcitabine treatment. Tissues from two sets of patients (n = 147 each) were stained with SP120 by the use of different equipment, with an amplification technique being used for set 2. The rate of ‘hENT1 high' cases was lower with SP120 (set 1, 7% versus 48%; set 2, 11% versus 38%). With the amplification technique, the rate of hENT1 high cases was globally similar between both antibodies. However, concordance between the antibodies was found in only 50% of cases. High hENT1 expression was predictive of OS only with 10D7G2 (hazard ratio 0.49; 95% confidence interval 0.24–0.98; P = 0.045).ConclusionsThe two antibodies are not equivalent. Further prospective studies seem to be warranted before hENT1 testing for PDAC is used in daily practise.
Expression profile of mucins (MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6) in ovarian mucinous tumours: changes in expression from benign to malignant tumours
Authors: Wang Jayson , El‐Bahrawy Mona 
Published: October 2014

AimsMucins (MUCs) constitute a family of glycoproteins expressed by epithelial cells. They show specific tissue‐type expression, and are useful for differentiating between different cancers. Studies have shown changes in MUC expression with tumour progression in a variety of cancers. The aim of this study was to characterize the profile of MUC expression in benign, borderline and malignant intestinal‐type ovarian mucinous tumours (OMTs).Methods and resultsMUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC and MUC6 expression was studied by immunohistochemistry in 53 OMTs (19 malignant, 25 borderline, and nine benign). The positivity frequencies of MUC1 in benign, borderline and malignant OMTs were 22.2%, 12%, and 31.6%, respectively. For MUC2, they were 0%, 40%, and 42.1%, respectively. For MUC5AC, they were 100%, 100%, and 94.8%, respectively. For MUC6, they were 66.7%, 16%, and 26.3%, respectively. Significantly increased MUC2 expression and decreased MUC6 expression were seen in borderline and malignant OMTs, as compared with benign tumours.ConclusionThis is the first study to compare the expression of all four MUCs in OMT with statistical analysis. We show that MUC2 expression and MUC6 expression change with the progression of benign to borderline and malignant tumours. We suggest that these changes may contribute to malignant transformation.
The Impact of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 on Theft and the Custody Threshold
Authors: Betts Gary 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe article explores the likely impact of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 on the decision to imprison adult offenders convicted of theft. Using a sample of cases decided in the magistrates' court and the Crown Court under the Criminal Justice Act 1991, the article considers whether it is possible to estimate the effects of the 2003 Act on the use of imprisonment in theft cases. It does so by applying the Sentencing Guidelines Council's guidelines on theft, which were formulated under the 2003 Act, to the sample of earlier cases, to consider the extent to which the guidelines align with the decision to imprison prior to the enactment of the 2003 Act.
Analysing the movement of a hair swatch using video and image analysis: A promising technique for exploring the dynamic properties of hair
Authors: Galliano A. , Lheur M. , Santoprete R. 
Published: October 2014

SynopsisObjectiveThe aim of this paper is to present a new instrumental evaluation method of hair movement in order to propose new criteria in the performances of hair products. The in vitro evaluation of hair swatches movement allows us to better understand the phenomena that appear when various hair care and styling technologies are applied upon the mechanisms of hair movements.MethodsThe method consists of a video acquisition system with fast cameras (100 frames/second). The swatch is placed on a motor drive and moved with a back and forth movement. The frequency and amplitude are set by the operator. Facing each camera, a backlight provides high contrast to capture all the fibres of the swatch. A software was specifically developed to analyse the video recordings and provide the physical parameters that characterize the movement. Accordingly, it is possible to follow the surface and shape of the swatch during movement from the ‘skeleton’ of the swatch and to study the contraction and expansion phases of the swatch(es) during the movement together with ‘the envelope’ of the swatch.ResultsResults show that applying various hair treatments modifies the behaviour of the swatch through the hair shapes contraction or expansion induced by the oscillating movement. Expansion of the swatch suggests that the interactions between hair fibres (adhesions or frictions) play an important role, leading to an ‘individualization’ of hair swatch (more ‘space’ between fibres) or to a ‘wider’ movement related to the increase of the total surface developed by the swatch. As an example, the application of a highly conditioning formula on a hair swatch largely decreases its expansion by a two‐fold factor during movements and increases the horizontal amplitude by a two‐fold factor, as compared to a commercial bland shampoo.ConclusionIn conclusion, this method is complementary to the ones used generally to characterize global visual perceptions (colour, styling, shine). This dynamic component not only opens doors to new qualitative evaluations, linked with sensorial experts and consumers perceptions, but also to new quantitative parameters.
Duodji: A New Step for Art Education
Authors: Guttorm Gunvor 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn this article, I intend briefly to present some views of how cultural expressions can be used as a basis of artistic education of an indigenous people in a particular area. In the past 30 years, indigenous peoples have demanded that their cultural expressions (and knowledge) be included in higher education; to achieve this, they have applied diverse strategies. This integration is, however, a complex process, as universities or institutions of higher education often have to follow national programmes and regulations concerning higher education. Nevertheless, many indigenous peoples have attempted, in their regions, to create art programmes for higher education, often as part of another art programme, or as an independent programme.The case that I use in the presentation is based on my work at Sámi allaskuvla/the Sámi University College in Guovdageaidnu (Kautokeino) in the Sámi area of Norway. The main question here is: How and under what conditions is it possible to launch higher art education that has duodji as its foundation? A key question is what the significance of the overall discourse and praxis that has emerged and developed in indigenous societies is when it is transferred to higher education.
Self‐Reflexivity and the Creative Voice: Issues of Transgression Identified with Participant Ethnographic Research in Art and Design Education
Authors: Reardon Anita 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis article shares my experience as a doctoral student researching within the domain of art and design education. This is a professional doctorate bringing together my experience as an educator and that of researcher where boundaries between education and social science research disciplines cross. My research paradigm is situated within critical theory. It is an interpretive hermeneutic study where I am cast as a participant ethnographer. At the time of writing I wanted to make known the issues and tensions that I encountered with research protocols, such as permissions mechanisms and ethical gatekeepers. These tensions I still perceive as confining, but more significantly, I realise that knowing and understanding research methodology is key to achieving creative and unpredictable research practice. This article is, therefore, focused on my journey to discover a research methodology that enables me to use a creative voice. By this I mean a method by which I can develop a writing style that articulates my practice that enables me in the construction and reporting of my research analysis to fully capitalise on my reflexive self. I have referenced papers produced by others at the time of writing their doctoral thesis and have found this enlightening. This is my contribution.
Why Throw the Negs Out with the Bathwater? A Study of Students' Attitudes to Digital and Film Photographic Media
Authors: Macdonald Iain 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAs today's digital applications hold our gaze and become increasingly ubiquitous, it is easy to dismiss the previous technologies and processes that provided yesterday's creative opportunities. Photography has been revolutionised by digital capture and transmission in the past decade. It could be argued that there is a digital orthodoxy in education, which has democratized and engaged increasing numbers of students, and has had a particular influence in A Level Photography. Over the past decade many traditional darkrooms have been replaced by computer suites. My concern is that if secondary schools and colleges with the facilities to teach film are forced to convert to a singular digital mode, we may be throwing the negs out with the bathwater.This study uses qualitative and quantitative research that I have undertaken at a Further Education college in England. It explores students' attitudes to learning Photography with an artistic curiosity, which includes experiential learners, and those that eschew the digital age who are content with the organic variety of analogue learning that film offers. They make their own case for maintaining the opportunity to learn through hybrid activity that embraces both media, for a multiplicity of learning opportunities and media that are not limited by any orthodoxy, digital or otherwise.
Fostering Creativity: A Multiple Intelligences Approach to Designing Learning in Undergraduate Fine Art
Authors: Clarke Angela , Cripps Peter 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCurriculum and pedagogy in undergraduate fine art can promote an approach to learning creativity that is more about being an artist than knowing about art. Lecturers can provide a road map for developing particular dispositions, in relation to student ideas and perceptions, to foster personalised creativity. This requires that lecturers have an ability to harness the range of learning approaches and interests that students bring to their studio learning environments. One way of doing this is to construct learning activities in ways that engage students' multiple intelligences so they may acquire deeper understandings of their own creative processes. Fostering this kind of creative think tank is artistry of an educational kind. In this article we explore such a creative think tank by examining a particular lecturer's pedagogical approach. We discuss how and why this lecturer designs activities in a way that draws on multiple intelligences to stimulate learning and foster creativity. Using narratives, we analyse this particular curriculum through the lens of multiple intelligence theory and explore how the pedagogical approach develops the whole person. We found that by attending to relationships and focusing on a plurality of intellect this particular curriculum and pedagogy promotes transformative learning in students studying fine art.