bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Awake craniotomy for gliomas in a high-field intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging suite: analysis of 42 cases
Authors: Maldaun Marcos V. C. , Khawja Shumaila N. , Levine Nicholas B. , Rao Ganesh , Lang Frederick F. , Weinberg Jeffrey S. , Tummala Sudhakar , Cowles Charles E. , Ferson David , Nguyen Anh-Thuy , Sawaya Raymond , Suki Dima , Prabhu Sujit S. 
Published: September 2014

Object
The object of this study was to describe the experience of combining awake craniotomy techniques with high-field (1.5 T) intraoperative MRI (iMRI) for tumors adjacent to eloquent cortex.

Methods
From a prospective database the authors obtained and evaluated the records of all patients who had undergone awake craniotomy procedures with cortical and subcortical mapping in the iMRI suite. The integration of these two modalities was assessed with respect to safety, operative times, workflow, extent of resection (EOR), and neurological outcome.

Results
Between February 2010 and December 2011, 42 awake craniotomy procedures using iMRI were performed in 41 patients for the removal of intraaxial tumors. There were 31 left-sided and 11 right-sided tumors. In half of the cases (21 [50%] of 42), the patient was kept awake for both motor and speech mapping. The mean duration of surgery overall was 7.3 hours (range 4.0–13.9 hours). The median EOR overall was 90%, and gross-total resection (EOR ≥ 95%) was achieved in 17 cases (40.5%). After viewing the first MR images after initial resection, further resection was performed in 17 cases (40.5%); the mean EOR in these cases increased from 56% to 67% after further resection. No deficits were observed preoperatively in 33 cases (78.5%), and worsening neurological deficits were noted immediately after surgery in 11 cases (26.2%). At 1 month after surgery, however, worsened neurological function was observed in only 1 case (2.3%).

Conclusions
There was a learning curve with regard to patient positioning and setup times, although it did not adversely affect patient outcomes. Awake craniotomy can be safely performed in a high-field (1.5 T) iMRI suite to maximize tumor resection in eloquent brain areas with an acceptable morbidity profile at 1 month.
Neurosurgical capacity building in the developing world through focused training
Authors: Ellegala Dilantha B. , Simpson Lauren , Mayegga Emanuel , Nuwas Emanuel , Samo Hayte , Naman Naftal , Word Doyle B. , Nicholas Joyce S. 
Published: September 2014

Object
In Tanzania, there are 4 neurosurgeons for a population of 46 million. To address this critical shortage of neurosurgical care, the authors worked with local Tanzanian health care workers, neurosurgeons, the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, and the Office of the President of Tanzania to develop a train-forward method for sustainable, self-propagating basic and emergency neurosurgery in resource-poor settings. The goal of this study was to assess the safety and effectiveness of this method over a 6-year period.

Methods
The training method utilizes a hands-on bedside teaching technique and was introduced in 2006 at a remote rural hospital in northern Tanzania. Local health care workers were trained to perform basic and emergency neurosurgical procedures independently and then were taught to train others. Outcome information was retrospectively collected from hospital records for the period from 2005 (1 year before method implementation) through 2010. Analysis of de-identified data included descriptive statistics and multivariable assessment of independent predictors of complications following a patient's first neurosurgical procedure.

Results
By 2010, the initial Tanzanian trainee had trained a second Tanzanian health care worker, who in turn had trained a third. The number of neurosurgical procedures performed increased from 18 in 2005 to an average of 92 per year in the last 3 years of the study period. Additionally, the number of neurosurgical cases performed independently by Tanzanian health care providers increased significantly from 44% in 2005 to 86% in 2010 (p < 0.001), with the number of complex cases independently performed also increasing over the same time period from 34% to 83% (p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis of clinical patient outcome information to assess safety indicated that postoperative complications decreased significantly from 2005 through 2010, with patients who had been admitted as training progressed being 29% less likely to have postoperative complications (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.52–0.96, p = 0.03).

Conclusions
The Madaktari Africa train-forward method is a reasonable and sustainable approach to improving specialized care in a resource-poor setting.
Conjunct SEP and MEP monitoring in resection of infratentorial lesions: lessons learned in a cohort of 210 patients
Authors: Kodama Kunihiko , Javadi Mani , Seifert Volker , Szelényi Andrea 
Published: September 2014

Object
During the surgical removal of infratentorial lesions, intraoperative neuromonitoring is mostly focused on cranial nerve assessment and brainstem auditory potentials. Despite the known risk of perforating vessel injury during microdissection within the vicinity of the brainstem, there are few reports about intraoperative neuromonitoring with somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) assessing the medial lemniscus and corticospinal tract. This study analyses the occurrence of intraoperative changes in MEPs and SEPs with regard to lesion location and postoperative neurological outcome.

Methods
The authors analyzed 210 cases in which patients (mean age 49 ± 13 years, 109 female) underwent surgeries involving the skull base (n = 104), cerebellum (n = 63), fourth ventricle (n = 28), brainstem (n = 12), and foramen magnum (n = 3).

Results
Of 210 surgeries, 171 (81.4%) were uneventful with respect to long-tract monitoring. Nine (23%) of the 39 SEP and/or MEP alterations were transient and were only followed by a slight permanent deficit in 1 case. Permanent deterioration only was seen in 19 (49%) of 39 cases; the deterioration was related to tumor dissection in 4 of these cases, and permanent deficit (moderate-severe) was seen in only 1 of these 4 cases. Eleven patients (28%) had losses of at least 1 modality, and in 9 of these 11 cases, the loss was related to surgical microdissection within the vicinity of the brainstem. Four of these 9 patients suffered a moderate-to-severe long-term deficit. For permanent changes, the positive predictive value for neuromonitoring of the long tracts was 0.467, the negative predictive value was 0.989, the sensitivity was 0.875, and the specificity 0.918. Twenty-eight (72%) of 39 SEP and MEP alterations occurred in 66 cases involving intrinsic brainstem tumors or tumors adjacent to the brainstem. Lesion location and alterations in intraoperative neuromonitoring significantly correlated with patients' outcome (p < 0.001, chi-square test).

Conclusions
In summary, long-tract monitoring with SEPs and MEPs in infratentorial surgeries has a high sensitivity and negative predictive value with respect to postoperative neurological status. It is recommended especially in those surgeries in which microdissection within and in the vicinity of the brainstem might lead to injury of the brainstem parenchyma or perforating vessels and a subsequent perfusion deficit within the brainstem.
The epidemiology of spontaneous fever and hypothermia on admission of brain injury patients to intensive care units: a multicenter cohort study
Authors: Rincon Fred , Hunter Krystal , Schorr Christa , Dellinger R. Philip , Zanotti-Cavazzoni Sergio 
Published: September 2014

Object
Fever and hypothermia (dysthermia) are associated with poor outcomes in patients with brain injuries. The authors sought to study the epidemiology of dysthermia on admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) and the effect on in-hospital case fatality in a mixed cohort of patients with brain injuries.

Methods
The authors conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study in 94 ICUs in the United States. Critically ill patients with neurological injuries, including acute ischemic stroke (AIS), aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and traumatic brain injury (TBI), who were older than 17 years and consecutively admitted to the ICU from 2003 to 2008 were selected for analysis.

Results
In total, 13,587 patients were included in this study; AIS was diagnosed in 2973 patients (22%), ICH in 4192 (31%), aSAH in 2346 (17%), and TBI in 4076 (30%). On admission to the ICU, fever was more common among TBI and aSAH patients, and hypothermia was more common among ICH patients. In-hospital case fatality was more common among patients with hypothermia (OR 12.7, 95% CI 8.4–19.4) than among those with fever (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.7–2.1). Compared with patients with ICH (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.8–2.3), TBI (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.3–1.8), and aSAH (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.2–1.7), patients with AIS who developed fever had the highest risk of death (OR 3.1, 95% CI 2.5–3.7). Although all hypothermic patients had an increased mortality rate, this increase was not significantly different across subgroups. In a multivariable analysis, when adjusted for all other confounders, exposure to fever (adjusted OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1–1.5) or hypothermia (adjusted OR 7.8, 95% CI 3.9–15.4) on admission to the ICU was found to be significantly associated with in-hospital case fatality.

Conclusions
Fever is frequently encountered in the acute phase of brain injury, and a small proportion of patients with brain injuries may also develop spontaneous hypothermia. The effect of fever on mortality rates differed by neurological diagnosis. Both early spontaneous fever and hypothermia conferred a higher risk of in-hospital death after brain injury.
Trigeminofacial reflex: a means of detecting proximity to ophthalmic and maxillary divisions of the trigeminal nerve during surgery
Authors: AlMasri Omar A. , Brown Emma E. , Forster Alan , Kamel Mahmoud H. 
Published: September 2014

Object
The aim in this paper was to localize and detect incipient damage to the ophthalmic and maxillary branches of the trigeminal nerve during tumor surgery.

Methods
This was an observational study of patients with skull base, retroorbital, or cavernous sinus tumors warranting dissection toward the cavernous sinus at a university hospital. Stimuli were applied as normal during approach to the cavernous sinus to localize cranial nerves (CNs) III, IV, and VI. Recordings were also obtained from the facial muscles to localize CN VII. The trigeminofacial reflex was sought simply by observing a longer time base routinely.

Results
Clear facial electromyography responses were reproduced when stimuli were applied to the region of V1, V2, and V3. Response latency was increased compared with direct CN VII stimuli seen in some cases. Responses gave early warning of approach to these sensory trigeminal branches.

Conclusions
The authors submit this as a new technique, which may improve the chances of preserving trigeminal sensory branches during surgery in this region.
Basal conditions of two Transantarctic Mountains outlet glaciers from observation-constrained diagnostic modelling
Authors: Golledge Nicholas R. , Marsh Oliver J. , Rack Wolfgang , Braaten David , Jones R. Selwyn 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe present a diagnostic glacier flowline model parameterized and constrained by new velocity data from ice-surface GPS installations and speckle tracking of TerraSAR-X satellite images, newly acquired airborne-radar data, and continental gridded datasets of topography and geothermal heat flux, in order to better understand two outlet glaciers of the East Antarctic ice sheet. Our observational data are employed as primary inputs to a modelling procedure that first calculates the basal thermal regime of each glacier, then iterates the basal sliding coefficient and deformation rate parameter until the fit of simulated to observed surface velocities is optimized. We find that the two glaciers have both frozen and thawed areas at their beds, facilitating partial sliding. Glacier flow arises from a balance between sliding and deformation that fluctuates along the length of each glacier, with the amount of sliding typically varying by up to two orders of magnitude but with deformation rates far more constant. Beardmore Glacier is warmer and faster-flowing than Skelton Glacier, but an up-glacier deepening bed at the grounding line, coupled with ice thicknesses close to flotation, lead us to infer a greater vulnerability of Skelton Glacier to grounding-line recession if affected by ocean-forced thinning and concomitant acceleration.
Coordination and plasticity in leaf anatomical traits of invasive and native vine species
Authors: Osunkoya Olusegun O. , Boyne Richard , Scharaschkin Tanya 
Published: September 2014

•Premise of the study:Plant invasiveness can be promoted by higher values of adaptive traits (e.g., photosynthetic capacity, biomass accumulation), greater plasticity and coordination of these traits, and by higher and positive relative influence of these functionalities on fitness, such as increasing reproductive output. However, the data set for this premise rarely includes linkages between epidermal–stomatal traits, leaf internal anatomy, and physiological performance.•Methods:Three ecological pairs of invasive vs. noninvasive (native) woody vine species of South‐East Queensland, Australia were investigated for trait differences in leaf morphology and anatomy under varying light intensity. The linkages of these traits with physiological performance (e.g., water‐use efficiency, photosynthesis, and leaf construction cost) and plant adaptive traits of specific leaf area, biomass, and relative growth rates were also explored.•Key results:Except for stomatal size, mean leaf anatomical traits differed significantly between the two groups. Plasticity of traits and, to a very limited extent, their phenotypic integration were higher in the invasive relative to the native species. ANOVA, ordination, and analysis of similarity suggest that for leaf morphology and anatomy, the three functional strategies contribute to the differences between the two groups in the order phenotypic plasticity > trait means > phenotypic integration.•Conclusions:The linkages demonstrated in the study between stomatal complex/gross anatomy and physiology are scarce in the ecological literature of plant invasiveness, but the findings suggest that leaf anatomical traits need to be considered routinely as part of weed species assessment and in the worldwide leaf economic spectrum.
Evidence for reciprocal origins in Polypodium hesperium (Polypodiaceae): A fern model system for investigating how multiple origins shape allopolyploid genomes
Authors: Sigel Erin M. , Windham Michael D. , Pryer Kathleen M. 
Published: September 2014

• Premise of the study: Many polyploid species are composed of distinct lineages originating from multiple, independent polyploidization events. In the case of allopolyploids, reciprocal crosses between the same progenitor species can yield lineages with different uniparentally inherited plastid genomes. While likely common, there are few well‐documented examples of such reciprocal origins. Here we examine a case of reciprocal allopolyploid origins in the fern Polypodium hesperium and present it as a natural model system for investigating the evolutionary potential of duplicated genomes.• Methods: Using a combination of uniparentally inherited plastid and biparentally inherited nuclear sequence data, we investigated the distributions and relative ages of reciprocally formed lineages in Polypodium hesperium, an allotetraploid fern that is broadly distributed in western North America.• Key results: The reciprocally derived plastid haplotypes of Polypodium hesperium are allopatric, with populations north and south of 42°N latitude having different plastid genomes. Incorporating biogeographic information and previously estimated ages for the diversification of its diploid progenitors, we estimate middle to late Pleistocene origins of P. hesperium.• Conclusions: Several features of Polypodium hesperium make it a particularly promising system for investigating the evolutionary consequences of allopolyploidy. These include reciprocally derived lineages with disjunct geographic distributions, recent time of origin, and extant diploid progenitors.
A molecular framework for understanding the phylogeny of Spiranthes (Orchidaceae), a cosmopolitan genus with a North American center of diversity
Authors: Dueck Lucy A. , Aygoren Deniz , Cameron Kenneth M. 
Published: September 2014

• Premise of the study: Spiranthes is a genus of small terrestrial orchids that are most diverse in North America, yet unusually cosmopolitan, including many of conservation concern. Taxonomy based on morphology alone is problematic, but molecular evidence could help resolve evolutionary relationships within the genus. The phylogeny of Spiranthes was reconstructed to evaluate these patterns, particularly among North American and Old World lineages, determine the systematic value of chromosome numbers and phenology, consider aspects of historical biogeography, and provide evidence for the taxonomic status of vulnerable species.• Methods: DNA sequences were produced from 219 samples representing 30 Spiranthes taxa plus one outgroup. Both parsimony and Bayesian inference analyses were applied to individual and combined data matrices generated for nuclear (nrITS) and plastid (trnL, trnS‐G, matK) regions.• Key results: Two major clades were recovered. One contains primarily summer‐blooming species from western North America with haploid chromosome number of n = 22. The other clade (largely n = 15) contains midwestern and eastern North American species varying in phenology, although most autumn‐flowering taxa within it are monophyletic. Whereas an Old World subclade is embedded within the tree, derived from New World ancestors, no genetic differentiation was found between trans‐Atlantic specimens of S. romanzoffiana. Most species for which multiple individuals were sampled reflect monophyly in the combined gene tree (including S. lucida positioned on an unusually long branch), but some demonstrate dubious taxonomic status.• Conclusions: This is the most complete phylogenetic reconstruction of Spiranthes published to date and is likely to influence future taxonomic decisions, with important implications for conservation of several threatened orchids. Our discoveries about species distributed outside North America offer important evidence for repeated long‐distance dispersal, often coupled with subsequent speciation—an uncommon phenomenon in Orchidaceae.
Ce corps qui manque à la représentation. Entre démocratie participative et critique artistique, les nouvelles scènes de l'expérience politique
Authors: de Nanteuil-Miribel Matthieu 
Published: September 2014

Depuis les débuts de la modernité, le gouvernement représentatif a été conçu comme l’institution centrale de la démocratie, à condition néanmoins d’être complété par la métaphore du « corps politique », ciment de l’intégration nationale. Depuis plusieurs décennies, cette métaphore s’est épuisée et, avec elle, la représentation du corps comme unité d’action et support de l’émancipation. Entre les enjeux mémoriels de l’extermination, la perpétuation du racisme et la reproduction des stéréotypes sexués, le corps apparaît plutôt comme l’indice matériel d’une ambivalence, voire d’une fragmentation – un champ d’expériences que la représentation parlementaire ne parvient pas à constituer en objet politique. La participation peut au contraire y contribuer, à condition de retravailler ses bases normatives et de s’associer à d’autres initiatives, comme la critique artistique de la politique.
L'innovation dans le champ juridique ou le passé recomposé
Authors: Goyard-Fabre Simone 
Published: September 2014

Le droit, depuis des siècles, n'existe en sa vie mouvante que sur le mode du changement. Il y a toutefois en lui des îlots de permanence. Dans cette ambivalence, l'innovation consiste à remodeler et à recomposer, pour les lendemains à venir, un passé qui ne peut s'effacer. Aussi bien la vie du droit ressemble-t?elle à un vaste palimpseste en quoi se croisent de manière complexe l'anticipation et la tradition, croisement qui traduit dans le champ juridique la dialectique du futur et du passé. Cette dialectique sans fin trouve dans « l'empire du droit » une expression spécifique : en lui, l'innovation n'a rien d'une création ex nihilo ; elle est le mouvement par lequel le passé est sans cesse recomposé.
Le mi-lieu de l'événement innovant – À partir de Levinas et Deleuze
Authors: Choplin Hugues , Soulier Eddie 
Published: September 2014

Mobiliser le concept philosophique d' événement pour rendre compte de l'innovation : telle est la proposition principale de ce texte. Précisément, il s'agit de penser le mouvement singulier de l'innovation – en particulier pédagogique – depuis les philosophies de l'événement de Levinas et de Deleuze. Ainsi émerge le problème du milieu , en tant qu'il désigne ce qui prépare – plutôt que ne conditionne – l'événement innovant. Mais, de notre point de vue, en subordonnant ainsi le mi-lieu à cet événement, Levinas et Deleuze reconduisent, serait-ce en le renouvelant, le régime même du pouvoir .
L'innovation théologique
Authors: Capelle Philippe 
Published: September 2014

Cet article montre comment la théologie, discours de la foi, systématique, rationnel et critique, loin de se fixer dans le « même » répétitif d'une croyance ou d'un dogme, se veut d'abord coextensive au jeu de l'innovation, mieux : qu'elle en ouvre une dimension propre. « Nouveau Testament », « Bonne nouvelle » ( Euagelion ), « Nouvelle alliance » : ces dénominations ne constituent pas pour la théologie de simple objets de commentaires, elles rendent compte d'une tradition herméneutique singulière qui engage la « vérité » dans une nouvelle logique du dialogue, ouvrant à l'intelligence de l'« événement ». La lecture de deux textes bibliques (tirés du Nouveau Testament) en offre une double illustration.
Le travail comme expression
Authors: Smith Nicholas H. 
Published: September 2014

Cet article replace la conception du travail développée par la psychodynamique du travail dans la tradition philosophique de l’expressivisme et soutient la primauté de la conception expressiviste du travail sur la conception classique du travail comme poiesis . À l’issue d’une reconstruction des arguments principaux portant sur l’opposition entre poiesis (travail de production) et praxis (action morale), l’attention sera portée sur les limites de ce modèle de conceptualisation du travail. Un modèle alternatif est introduit à partir de la prise en compte de plusieurs dimensions du concept d’expression utilisé dans le langage courant. Cela nous permet de mettre en évidence ce qui, dans le modèle psychodynamique de C. Dejours, est précisément « expressiviste ». Une fois l’origine expressiviste de la théorie de Dejours établie, plusieurs interprétations des normes d’expression sont présentées, en lien avec l’évaluation des organisations du travail contemporaines. Summary , p. 85. Resumen , p. 86.