bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relevance of Data Interchange for the Effective Protection of Threatened Species by Example of New Records of Endangered Caddisfly Species (Insecta, Trichoptera)
Authors: Scheder Christian , Gumpinger Clemens 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT
All over the world, comprehensive data on aquatic communities are collected in the course of applied investigations (e.g. environmental impact assessments for road or railway construction projects, assessments of wastewater treatment plants, hydropower plants, etc.). At the same, little is known about certain endangered or rare species, their distribution or their actual conservation status, as the data collected in applied projects are usually not published. It can be stated that applied investigations would offer valuable information on the distribution of endangered species if there was sufficient data interchange within or data transfer to the scientific community. This thesis is supported by the fact that the authors were able to demonstrate that 72 caddisfly species that are quoted in the Austrian Red List in the course of applied investigations in Austria, but that none of the data have been published so far. The present study provides a list of endangered Trichoptera species that were observed by the authors in the context of routine surveys over the past five years. It is intended thus to provide an example of how data that could be relevant for obtaining a comprehensive picture of certain species are often lost on their way to publication.
Barbus Meridionalis Risso 1827 (Syn. Barbus Balcanicus): Proposal for Monitoring Elements for Croatia, in the Context of Natura 2000
Authors: Bănăduc Doru , Curtean-Bănăduc Angela 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT
The action framework at the European Union level for the protection of biodiversity was established based on the Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC) and the Birds Directive (79/409/EEC). One main element of the future implementation of these Directives in Croatia is the establishment of a Natura 2000 network of special protection sites, a network which should rely on a specific monitoring plan at national level for each species of community interest. In this context, the present study proposes a set of monitoring elements for Barbus meridionalis for the Croatian Continental Biogeographical Region. The proposal is based on seven main criteria: proximity of national border, high quality populations, habitats which should be ecologically reconstructed, key habitats/sectors with high importance for connectivity, point sources of industrial pollution, areas/sectors influenced by diffuse sources of agricultural pollution, and areas/sectors influenced by habitat modifications.
Copper/bamboo fabric composite prepared via a silver catalytic electroless deposition process for electromagnetic shielding
Authors: Liang Qian , Lu Yinxiang 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCopper/bamboo fabric composite prepared via a silver catalytic electroless plating process is reported. The microstructure of the composite was analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy, which illustrated that the copper coating was composed of spherical particles and clusters. The composition and chemical state of the metal layer were measured using X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis spectra; copper and a small amount of nickel were detected. Mechanical properties were measured based on a standard (ISO 13934-1:1999) for the fabrics with and without copper coating. The breaking force for the composite was improved by about 16.8% compared to uncoated bamboo fabric. The electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of the composite was more than 40 dB at frequencies ranging from 0.2 to 1000 MHz. The copper coating on bamboo fabric passed the Scotch®-tape test.
Superplasticity of coarse-grained Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al alloy
Authors: Sheikhali Amir Hossein , Morakkabati Maryam , Abbasi Seyed Mahdi , Rezaei Arash 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The superplastic behavior of Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al alloy with beta single phase structure and average grain size of 220 μm was investigated. It was found that elongation increases with temperature at strain rates of 0.1 and 1 s−1. The optimum condition for superplastic deformation of the alloy was achieved in the temperature range 1030–1080°C and with a strain rate of 0.1 s−1. In this condition the amount of elongation reaches 200%. Grain refinement occurred during deformation which can be attributed to the occurrence of dynamic recovery and continuous dynamic recrystallization. In addition, it was seen that in the temperature range 930–1080°C, the strain rate sensitivity parameter (m) was higher than 0.3, which is an appropriate value for superplastic deformation. A high value of m, elongation over 100%, and coarse-grained microstructure of the alloy suggested that superplastic behavior of the Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al alloy can be similar to the behavior of coarse-grained superplastic alloys.
Homogenization of direct chill cast AlSi1MgMn billets
Authors: Birol Yucel 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The homogenization practice for direct chill cast AlSi1MgMn billets was investigated. It takes 8 h at 570 °C and at least 4 h at 580 °C to even out the Mg and Si distribution in the aluminium matrix and to obtain relatively small discrete αc-Al12(Fe, Mn)3Si particles with a “necklace” configuration. Once Mg and Si are solutionized, the equilibrium β-Mg2Si phase precipitates during post-soaking cooling at ≥ 500 K h–1. β′-Mg2Si precipitates are also identified in samples cooled at ≤ 250 K h−1. Hardness produced in this cooling rate range is relatively lower suggesting improved extrudability. These billet samples are fully solutionized at 500 °C during billet pre-heating. Typical press exit temperatures may suffice for adequate age hardening in billet samples soaked at 580 °C for 8 h and subsequently cooled at 250 K h−1. This is a very attractive feature as it implies a full age hardening capacity even without the need for a separate solution heat treatment.
Grain growth and sinterability in Er2O3-doped cubic zirconia (c-ZrO2)
Authors: Aktas Bulent , Tekeli Suleyman , Kucuktuvek Mustafa 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The effects of the addition of Er2O3 on the grain growth and sinterability of c-ZrO2 were investigated using 8 mol.% yttria-stabilized cubic zirconia (c-ZrO2) and various amounts of Er2O3. For these purposes, the content of 0–15 wt.% Er2O3 and c-ZrO2 powders were doped using a colloidal process. Undoped and Er2O3-doped c-ZrO2 specimens were annealed for grain growth at different temperatures and holding times. An increase in annealing temperature and holding time caused grain growth in all specimens. Activation energy of the undoped c-ZrO2 obtained was 358 kJ mol−1 and the activation energies of 1, 5, 10 and 15 wt.% Er2O3-doped specimens obtained were 388, 403, 432 and 476 kJ mol−1, respectively. While excessive grain coarsening in the undoped c-ZrO2 was observed, a lesser level of grain growth occurred in the Er2O3-doped specimens, due to the segregation of Er2O3 at the grain boundaries and the restriction in the grain boundaries mobility of c-ZrO2.
Nanoindentation responses of Si–Ge multilayers
Authors: Lian Derming 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
In this study, we employed the nanoindentation technique to evaluate the pop-in events of Si–Ge multilayers under extra-low forces. X-ray diffraction revealed a shift of the peaks of the Ge atoms from 68.70 to 68.50°, due to gradual mixing of previously isolated Si and Ge atoms into an SiGe compound, upon increasing the annealing temperature. Atomic force microscopy images of the vicinity near the triangular indentation mark revealed that the primarily plastic deformation, the pop-in event observed in the load–displacement curve, was based on slightly active dislocation nucleation and propagation during treatment with the artificial indenter. The samples annealed at RT, 400, 500, and 600°C exhibited hardnesses (H) of 18.6 ± 1.2, 17.9 ± 1.1, 18.9 ± 1.2, and 15.0 ± 0.8 GPa, respectively, and elastic moduli (E) of 220.0 ± 5.2, 224.9 ± 5.4, 220.7 ± 4.5, and 186.7 ± 3.8 GPa, respectively. These values reveal that elastic/plastic contact translation of the Si–Ge multilayer occurred to various extents depending upon the annealing conditions; in addition, the values of h
f/h
max for the samples annealed at RT, 400, 500, and 600°C were 0.449, 0.416, 0.412, and 0.470, respectively. In a crystal structure, release of the indentation load reflects the directly compressed volume; the total penetration depth into the film was approximately 30 nm with a peak load of 500 μN. Accordingly, the annealed samples can exhibit pop-in after indentation earlier than samples treated merely at RT.
Microstructural evolution of aluminium–copper alloys during the downward directional solidification process
Authors: Wang Fu , Ma Dexin , Zhang Jun , Liu Lin , Hong Jianping , Bogner Samuel , Bührig-Polaczek Andreas 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The microstructural evolution of Al–Cu alloys during the downward directional solidification process was investigated. At the planar-to-cellular transformation point, the planar liquid/solid (L/S) interface broke down at the centre. This was contrasted with the behaviour in the liquid metal cooling process, where the interface broke down at the periphery. The critical withdrawal rate at this point was higher than the theoretical value. In addition to this, the variation in the primary dendrite arm spacing (λ
1) as a function of the withdrawal rate (V) at constant G
L for the Al-2.0 wt.% Cu alloy agreed with the conventional processes. The comparison of λ
1 in our experiment to the calculated value λ
1 using the Kurz–Fisher, Ma and Trivedi models showed that λ
1, calculated by these models, overvalued our experimental results. However, the λ
1 calculated from the Hunt model agreed well with the experimental values of λ
1. When we reduced the diameter of the sample from 13 mm to 9 mm and maintained the other parameters constant, the L/S interface retained a planar shape. This indicated that the L/S interface was more stable in the smaller sample than that in the larger. This result contrasted with the result in the liquid metal cooling process.
The effect of Sn addition and sulfide ion concentration on the corrosion behavior of Cu-35Zn in NaCl solution
Authors: Kenevisi Mohammad Saleh , Nasab Ali Safdari 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis study investigates the corrosion behavior of Cu-35Zn brass with 0 and 5 wt.% of tin in NaCl solution with a mass concentration of 3.5% containing 0, 400 and 1200 ppm of sulfide ions. For the purpose of assessing the corrosion behavior, open circuit potential, linear polarization resistance, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization studies were employed. The results of the study show that on increasing the S2−concentration, an increase in the corrosion rate of the samples was observed. Moreover, the addition of Sn to the alloy leads to an increase in the polarization resistance and electrochemical impedance of the alloy. The corrosion potential as well as the corrosion current density were calculated using the Tafel extrapolation method. Addition of S2−shiftsEcorrtowards more negative values and increasesicorr. The surface of the samples was studied using light optical microscopy and pits were mainly observed in the grain boundaries of the Cu-35Zn sample.
Experimental determination of a representative texture and insight into the range of significant neighboring grain interactions via orientation and misorientation statistics
Authors: Bodelot Laurence , Ravichandran Guruswami 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe mechanical response of polycrystalline metallic materials is heavily influenced by the orientations of their grains. To predict polycrystalline behavior more accurately, crystal plasticity models account for grain orientations and also, sometimes, for interactions between neighboring grains. However, these models often lack sound experimental input or validation. Furthermore, experimental studies themselves rarely tackle simply the concept of representativity in terms of texture; neither do they try to analyze up to what range neighbor interactions appear to be significant. In this article, we address both aforementioned issues in a single and easily implementable framework by performing extensive statistical analyses of discrete raw orientation and misorientation data respectively, obtained by means of electron back-scattered diffraction on thousand-grain microstructures. First, we show that the analysis of orientation statistics helps determine whether an experimental dataset can be considered as a microstructurally representative volume element in terms of texture. Second, we explain how the statistical processing of misorientations can shed some light on the range of neighbors that have a significant weight in the misorientation distributions and possibly on the grain interactions.
Use of the Taguchi Method for Optimization of Poly (Butylene Terephthalate) and Poly (Trimethylene Terephthalate) Blends through Injection Molding
Authors: Zaverl M. , Misra M. , Mohanty A. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
A statistical experimental design method known as the Taguchi method was utilized to optimize the injection molding processes of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) and poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) blends. Impact strength was taken as the optimized property. The significant parameters included mold temperature, injection pressure, holding pressure, injection time and holding temperature. Results of the Taguchi analysis gave mold temperatures as major influencing factor on the impact strength. The optimal processing conditions were determined through the Taguchi method giving an increase of 13.7% in impact strength for the blend. Further analysis was done to distinguish the blends dependency on temperature. Differential scanning calorimetry curves indicated the presence of recrystallization peaks that were dependent on the temperature profile the sample had received prior to testing. Polarized optical microscopy was used to show the different sphereulitic growth patterns under varying isothermal conditions. It was seen that at 90°C sphereulitic growth contained pockets of different sized spereulites. AFM imaging was also used to indicate differences in blended polymer morphology.
Study on Mechanical, Thermal Properties and Morphology of Biodegradable Poly(butylene succinate)/Nano-TiO2 Composites
Authors: Zhou C.-W. , Zhao J.-X. , Liu Q. , Meng B. , Wu Z.-H. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Nanocomposites of Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and poly(∊-caprolactone) (PCL)-coated nano-TiO2 (C–TiO2) are prepared by melt-blending technique. The influence of high loading C–TiO2 on the microstructure, mechanical, thermal and dynamic rheological properties of pure PBS and its nanocomposites are studied. Scanning Electron Microscope results demonstrate that the surface modification and content of TiO2 are main factors to affect the microstructure of composites. Mechanical tests show that adding C–TiO2 into PBS matrix is an effective way to improve the impact strength of the PBS. Impact property and tensile property are sensitive to different microstructure, the former is distance between particles and the latter is the aggregation of particles. Dynamic rheological tests show that the incorporation of C–TiO2 particles into PBS can improve the elastic properties of PBS nanocomposites and restrict the mobility of PBS chains. Differential scanning calorimeter indicates the addition of C–TiO2 can increase the crystallization rate but do not influence the main PBS crystals. Depending on the state of composites, the C–TiO2 restricts or improves the mobility of PBS molecules.
Modification of Liquid Oxygen Compatibility of Bisphenol F Epoxy Resin
Authors: Liu M.-J. , Li S.-C. , Wu Z.-J. , Wang Z. , Li J.-L. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
In order to improve the compatibility of bisphenol F epoxy resin with the liquid oxygen, the hexabromocyclododecane and the antimony trioxide were added to bisphenol F epoxy resin, and then cured resin was mechanically impacted according to ASTM D-2512-95. The microstructure and the surface element compositions of the specimen before and after the mechanical impact were investigated and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. These results indicated that the addition of the antimony trioxide was favorable to help the hexabromocyclododecane to improve the compatibility of the bisphenol F epoxy resin with liquid oxygen. The liquid oxygen compatibility mechanism and the synergistic effect of the hexabromocyclododecane and antimony trioxide on the improvement of compatibility of bisphenol F epoxy resin with liquid oxygen were analyzed in detail.
Pressure Variation during Interfacial Instability in the Coextrusion of Low Density Polyethylene Melts
Authors: Martyn M. T. , Coates P. D. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPressure variation during the coextrusion of two low density polyethylene melts was investigated. Melt streams were delivered to a die from two separate extruders to converge in a 30°° geometry to form a two layer extrudate. Melt flow in the confluent region and die land to the die exit was observed through side windows of a visualisation cell. Stream velocity ratio was varied by control of extruder screw speeds. Layer thickness ratios producing wave type interfacial instability were quantified for each melt coextruded on itself and for the combined melts. Stream pressures and screw speeds were monitored and analysed. Wave type interfacial instability was present during the processing of the melts at specific, repeatable, stream layer ratios. Increased melt elasticity appeared to promote this type of instability. Analysis of process data indicates little correlation between perturbations in extruder screw speeds and stream pressures. The analysis did however show covariance between the individual stream pressure perturbations. Interestingly there was significant correlation even when interfacial instability was not present. We conclude that naturally occurring variation in extruder screw speeds do not perturb stream pressures and, more importantly, natural perturbations in stream pressures do not promote interfacial instability.
The Effects of Processing Parameters on the Residual Wall Thickness Distribution at the Sharp Angle Corner of Water Assisted Injection Molded Parts
Authors: Pudpong T. , Buahom P. , Areerat S. , Rungseesantivanon W. , Satoh I. , Saito T. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Water-assisted injection molding (WAIM) has been widely used for tubular plastic parts due to its advantages of relatively low cost and fast cycling time. However, the non-uniform distribution of the wall thickness, especially at the sharp corner, is still a basic problem in the WAIM process. This work presents the effects of sharp corner angles on wall thickness distribution in sections near corners for various processing conditions of the WAIM process, including melt temperature, mold temperature, water delay time, water holding time, and holding pressure. Three grades of polypropylene (PP) resins with different melt flow indices were studied using seven mold geometries that varied the angle of the sharp corner section. The wall thickness distribution at the corner sections were characterized in terms of inner and outer residual wall thicknesses, hollow core ratio, and the percentage of difference between the inner and outer wall thicknesses. In addition, computational fluid dynamic simulations with Moldflow Plastics Insight version 4.1 were performed for each sharp corner angle. It was found that the wall thickness distribution of the straight tube was more uniform than those of the curve tubes. Water injection delay time and water pressure were the major parameters that had a significant impact on the hollowed core ratios, while the percent difference between inner and outer wall thicknesses was mainly influenced by melt temperature.
The Influence of Extrusion Conditions on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Virgin and Recycled PP, HIPS, ABS and Their Ternary Blends
Authors: Stenvall E. , Tostar S. , Boldizar A. , Foreman M. R. St. J. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
A recyclable plastics waste stream of electrical and electronic equipment has previously been found to contain acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS, ∼40 wt%), high impact polystyrene (HIPS, ∼40 wt%), polypropylene (PP, ∼10 wt%) and a rest fraction consisting mainly of other styrene-based thermoplastics. In this work, one virgin and one recycled ternary blend consisting of these three components were melt-blended in an extruder to study the influence of processing conditions on the mechanical and thermal properties. The aim of the work has been to understand the inherent compatibility between ABS, HIPS and PP without added compatibilisers, in order to investigate the recycling potential of a real recyclable WEEE plastics fraction. Favourable processing conditions with respect to tensile properties of the virgin blend were found at intermediate screw rotations (40 to 80 min−1) and relatively low barrel temperatures (170 to 220°C), which can be understood from the low onset of thermo-oxidative degradation at 200°C. The recycled blend and recycled ABS, HIPS and PP showed higher stiffness and yield stress, but lower elongation at break than the corresponding virgin materials. The stiffness and yield stress of the blends were found mainly to follow the rule of mixtures of their components while the elongation at break exhibited adverse characteristics indicating incompatibility between ABS, HIPS and PP. The significant variations in the elongation at break of the blends appeared to be due to the ABS component. Differential scanning calorimetry showed an additional melt peak for the recycled blend compared to the virgin blend, otherwise the transitions were similar. The additional peak could be assigned to polyethylene in the PP component. The onset of the thermo-oxidative degradation was found to be at almost 190°C in the case of the recycled blend, which was high considering that it was close to that of the virgin blend and higher than expected from the rule of mixtures of the recycled components.