bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bilateral comparisons of reference switching impulse voltage measuring systems COOMET 707Ru-a16 (COOMET_EM-S21)
Authors: Kiselev Victor , Gromochkova Elena , Dubrovskaya Tatiana , Meisner Johann , Krzywania Gerrit 
Published: July 2024

Main text
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCEM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Key comparison BIPM.RI(I)-K8 of high dose-rate 192Ir brachytherapy standards for reference air kerma rate of the VSL and the BIPM
Authors: Kessler C , Jansen B J , Pooter J A de , Lucas P Aviles 
Published: July 2024

Main text
A new key comparison of the standards for reference air kerma rate for 192Ir high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy sources of the Dutch Metrology Institute (VSL), The Netherlands, and the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) was carried out at the VSL in May 2019. The comparison result, based on the calibration coefficients for a transfer standard and expressed as a ratio of the VSL and the BIPM standards for reference air kerma rate, is 0.9926 with a combined standard uncertainty of 0.0055.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Turbulent Image Restoration in Atmosphere with Cyclopean Processing via Binocular Fusion
Authors: Yao 姚 Han 涵 , Lin 林 Jin-Yan 锦演 , Chen 陈 Li-Bang 立邦 , Liu 刘 Yi-Kun 忆琨 , Zhou 周 Jian-Ying 建英 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The outstanding issue to overcoming atmospheric turbulence on distant imaging is a fundamental interest and technological challenge. We propose a novel scenario and technique to restore the optical image in turbulent environmental by referring to Cyclopean image with binocular vision. With human visual intelligence, image distortion resulting from the turbulence is shown to be substantially suppressed. Numerical simulation results taking into account of the atmospheric turbulence, optical image system, image sensors, display and binocular vision perception are presented to demonstrate the robustness of the image restoration, which is compared with a single channel planar optical imaging and sensing. Experiment involving binocular telescope, image recording and the stereo-image display is conducted and good agreement is obtained between the simulation with perceptive experience. A natural extension of the scenario is to enhance the capability of anti-vibration or anti-shaking for general optical imaging with Cyclopean image.
Rydberg-Induced Topological Solitons in Three-Dimensional Rotation Spin–Orbit-Coupled Bose–Einstein Condensates
Authors: Wang 汪 Yang 洋 , Cui 崔 Jinlong 晋龙 , Zhang 张 Hongkai 宏凯 , Zhao 赵 Yuan 元 , Xu 徐 Siliu 四六 , Zhou 周 Qin 勤 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We present a novel approach for generating stable three-dimensional (3D) spatiotemporal solitons (SSs) within a rotating Bose–Einstein condensate, incorporating spin–orbit coupling (SOC), a weakly anharmonic potential and cold Rydberg atoms. This intricate system facilitates the emergence of quasi-stable 3D SSs with topological charges |m| ≤ 3 in two spinor components, potentially exhibiting diverse spatial configurations. Our findings reveal that the Rydberg long-range interaction, spin–orbit coupling, and rotational angular frequency exert significant influence on the domains of existence and stability of these solitons. Notably, the Rydberg interaction contributes to a reduction in the norm of topological solitons, while the SOC plays a key role in stabilizing the SSs with finite topological charges. This research of SSs exhibits potential applications in precision measurement, quantum information processing, and other advanced technologies.
Pc(4457) Interpreted as a JP = 1/2+ State by

D
¯

0

Λ
c
+

(
2595
)

– π0Pc(4312)
Authors: Wu 吴 Jin-Zi 金姿 , Pang 庞 Jin-Yi 锦毅 , Wu 吴 Jia-Jun 佳俊 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Pc
(4457) has been discovered over five years, but the parity of this particle remains undetermined. We propose a new interpretation for Pc
(4457), which is the state generated from the coupled-channel

D
¯

0

Λ
c
+

(
2595
)

and π
0
Pc
(4312) since they can exchange an almost on-shell

Σ
c
+

. In this scenario, the parity of Pc
(4457) will be positive, which is different from the candidate of the bound state of

D
¯

*

Σ
c

. The main decay channel of Pc
(4457) in this model is Pc
(4312)π. We propose three processes

Λ
b
0

→
J
/
ψ

K
s

p

π
−

,

Λ
b
0

→
J
/
ψ

K
−

p

π
0

, and

Λ
b
0

→
J
/
ψ
p

π
−

π
+

K
−

to verify Pc
(4457) → Pc
(4312)π.
Technical noise, data quality, and calibration requirements for next-generation gravitational-wave science
Authors: Capote E , Dartez L , Davis D 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The next generation of ground-based gravitational-wave interferometers is expected to generate a bounty of new astrophysical discoveries, with sensitivities and bandwidths greatly improved compared to current-generation detectors. These detectors will allow us to make exceptional advancements in our understanding of fundamental physics, the dynamics of dense matter, and the cosmic history of compact objects. The fundamental design aspects of these planned interferometers will enable these new discoveries; however, challenges in technical noise, data quality, and calibration have the potential to limit the scientific reach of these instruments. In this work, we evaluate the requirements of these elements for next-generation gravitational-wave science, focusing on how these areas may impact the proposed Cosmic Explorer observatory. We highlight multiple aspects of these fields where additional research and development is required to ensure Cosmic Explorer reaches its full potential.
Chiral media and optical rotatory dispersion by means of a simple polarimetric experiment for undergraduate students
Authors: Cortés Pablo , Piquero Gemma , G de Sande J Carlos 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A simple experiment taking into account media with natural optical activity and their characterization by means of Mueller polarimetry is proposed for undergraduate Optics and Photonics laboratories. The objectives are, first, to review how to characterize dielectric and homogeneous media with natural optical activity by means of a Mueller matrix, taking into account the variation of these characteristics with wavelength, and combining concepts such as polarimetry, natural optical activity, and rotatory dispersion. Secondly, a complete and simple experiment is proposed to characterize a chiral medium by means of its Mueller matrix for different wavelengths. This experiment can be performed by undergraduate students in a standard optics laboratory. As a particular example of a chiral medium, a quartz crystal is used. The experimental results are compared with those published for crystalline quartz to validate the experiment.
Solving Bayesian inverse problems with expensive likelihoods using constrained Gaussian processes and active learning
Authors: Dinkel Maximilian , Geitner Carolin M , Robalo Rei Gil , Nitzler Jonas , Wall Wolfgang A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Solving inverse problems using Bayesian methods can become prohibitively expensive when likelihood evaluations involve complex and large scale numerical models. A common approach to circumvent this issue is to approximate the forward model or the likelihood function with a surrogate model. But also there, due to limited computational resources, only a few training points are available in many practically relevant cases. Thus, it can be advantageous to model the additional uncertainties of the surrogate in order to incorporate the epistemic uncertainty due to limited data. In this paper, we develop a novel approach to approximate the log likelihood by a constrained Gaussian process based on prior knowledge about its boundedness. This improves the accuracy of the surrogate approximation without increasing the number of training samples. Additionally, we introduce a formulation to integrate the epistemic uncertainty due to limited training points into the posterior density approximation. This is combined with a state of the art active learning strategy for selecting training points, which allows to approximate posterior densities in higher dimensions very efficiently. We demonstrate the fast convergence of our approach for a benchmark problem and infer a random field that is discretized by 30 parameters using only about 1000 model evaluations. In a practically relevant example, the parameters of a reduced lung model are calibrated based on flow observations over time and voltage measurements from a coupled electrical impedance tomography simulation.
Lithographically patternable SU-8/Graphene nanocomposite based strain sensors for soft-MEMS applications
Authors: Beigh Faizan Tariq , Beigh Nadeem Tariq , Mallick Dhiman 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper presents an optimized, lithographically patternable SU-8/Graphene nanocomposite based piezoresistive strain sensor for localized, high-precision assessment, which marks a significant advancement in the field of soft-MEMS based technologies. The fabrication process involves the photolithography of a SU-8/Graphene nanocomposite with a minimum resolution of 50 μm, resulting in a material with excellent electrical conductivity and mechanical properties. Specifically, a 3% SU-8/Graphene composition was chosen to exceed the percolation threshold, enabling substantial changes in the resistance

%Δ
R

/

R

and facilitating photopatternability. The sensor exhibited exceptional performance characteristics, including a rapid response time of 0.1 s and a wide bending range from 0° to 60°. Notably, it demonstrated a remarkable %ΔR/R of 19.21, indicating its superior sensing capability. Such high sensitivity is crucial for applications that require precise, localized measurements, such as biomedical engineering, sports science, and smart healthcare.
A method for estimating the rotation errors of BDS broadcast ephemeris using global satellite laser ranging data
Authors: Gao Weiguang , Zhou Wei , Zhou Shanshi , Chen Guangyao , Huang Yong , Qu Weijing , Hu Xiaogong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The BeiDou-3 Navigation Satellite System (BDS-3) generates navigation messages from a regional ground tracking network and inter-satellite links, relying on predicted station coordinates and Earth rotation parameters (ERPs). These procedures, however, may lead to orientation errors in the broadcast ephemeris, termed constellation rotation errors. Traditionally, these errors are monitored through Helmert transformation analysis comparing broadcast and post-processed orbits, a method that highlights discrepancies between the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) terrestrial reference frame (TRF) and the International TRF (ITRF) but suffers from a two-week evaluation delay. This study proposes a near real-time approach for estimating constellation rotation errors using high-precision satellite laser ranging (SLR) data, representing the difference between GNSS TRF and ITRF through the International laser ranging service TRF. The impact of SLR data quantity and distribution on rotation estimation accuracy is investigated, and the effectiveness of this method on BDS-3 orbits with ERP-induced orientation deficiencies is validated. Results show that the root mean square of broadcast orbit errors and the orbit user ranging error reduce from 0.8/0.7/0.2 m to 0.1/0.1/0.1 m, respectively. This demonstrates the method’s capability for real-time monitoring and correcting orientation errors within BDS-3 navigation messages.
Underground coal gangue recognition based on composite fusion of feature and decision
Authors: Li Xiaoyu , Xia Rui , Kang Rui , Li Bo , Wang Xuewen , Liu Tao , Gao Jihong , Li Rui , Xu Wenjun , Cui Weixiu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The underground coal gangue separation and in-situ filling can reduce environmental pollution, promote the recycling of resources, and ensure the safe operation of mining. However, the harsh environment and abnormal working conditions are a significant challenge to the separation technology. Therefore, it is essential to develop a coal gangue classification method that is highly accurate, robust, and can handle abnormal working conditions. To address the above problems, this paper innovatively combines spectral modalities with image modalities to establish a multimodal fusion idea of composite fusion. Firstly, the feasibility of spectral-image fusion and effective fusion criterion are explored under the concat fusion strategy through various feature combinations and classification algorithms under ideal conditions to improve the performance of the model; Secondly, feature fusion is introduced into the single-layer perceptron and its potential in deep learning is explored to improve the performance of the model; Then the quantitative criteria of the judgment matrix are improved based on the analytical hierarchy method (AHP) to improve the scientificity and objectivity of decision making; Finally, the effectiveness of our method is verified by testing the bimodal dataset of simulated working conditions. The results show that the accuracy of the composite fusion of spectral and image features reaches 91.43%, and our AHP can be applied to all basic model scenarios, which makes the method highly applicable and feasible. The fusion of deep neural networks shows the strong potential of modal fusion in deep learning. This method can provide a new idea for intelligent separation of underground coal gangue.
Quantifying the surface damage of involute gear flanks independent of the gear datum axis
Authors: Reavie Tom , Frazer Robert 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Surface damage on involute gear tooth flanks can develop during the operation of a gearbox and affects their life, durability and efficiency. Understanding the extent and severity of this damage is critical, especially in long life applications such as wind turbines where gearboxes are a critical component that incur high down time and costs for replacement. Accessing gears in service is difficult and relating gear form measurements to the gear datum is often impossible without its removal. Additionally, damage measurements are typically not areal, which can miss the most severe areas, or require lengthy measurement times. This paper describes a method for characterising and quantifying localised damage relative to the undamaged tooth surface independent of the gear datum axis, and provides a method to estimate the damage location using involute co-ordinates. By taking soft replicas of the gear flank and measuring them with optical methods, the damage is characterised. This method allows for the areal evaluation of damage that relates to involute coordinates, which can be combined with nominal data or measurements after manufacture to create data sets for simulation in tooth contact analysis models, used to train condition monitoring models or for improved maintenance programming to improve reliability and reduce costly downtime.
Crack configuration influence on fracture behavior and stress shielding: insights from molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Şen O C , Janisch R 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The fracture behavior of the Ti–Al alloy is significantly affected by its nano-lamellar structure. However, further investigation is still required to fully comprehend how the initial crack configuration influences the lamellar Ti–Al’s deformation behavior. Although molecular dynamics simulations are a great way to study crack-tip interactions in interface-dominated microstructures, the design of the simulation can have an impact on the behavior that is predicted. To shed light on this matter and at the same time to understand the impact of the specific interface structure, a systematic study of crack-tip interface interactions in nano-lamellar two-phase Ti–Al was carried out. The type of interface and crack configuration were varied in these simulations to distinguish between the effects of the microstructure and the crack geometry. Results show that the semi-coherent pseudo twin (

γ

/

PT) interface is the strongest barrier for crack propagation while the coherent true twin interface (

γ

/

TT) is the weakest. After a thorough review of the contributing factors, it is evident that the orientation of the crack has a greater impact on its propagation than the aspect ratio of the crack. The stress shielding effectiveness of lamellar interfaces is strongly dependent on the crack configuration. However, regardless of the initial crack set-up, the coherent

γ

/

TT interface appears to be the most effective interface in terms of shielding.
Investigation of AlGaN UV emitting tunnel junction LED devices by off-axis electron holography
Authors: Cooper David , Arcara Victor Fan , Damilano Benjamin , Duboz Jean-Yves 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Here we use off-axis electron holography combined with advanced transmission electron microscopy techniques to understand the opto-electronic properties of AlGaN tunnel junction (TJ)-light-emitting diode (LED) devices for ultraviolet emission. Four identical AlGaN LED devices emitting at 290 nm have been grown by metal–organic chemical vapour deposition. Then Ge doped n-type regions with and without InGaN or GaN interlayers (IL) have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy onto the top Mg doped p-type layer to form a TJ and hence a high quality ohmic metal contact. Off-axis electron holography has then been used to demonstrate a reduction in the width of the TJ from 9.5 to 4.1 nm when an InGaN IL is used. As such we demonstrate that off-axis electron holography can be used to reproducibly measure nm-scale changes in electrostatic potential in highly defected and challenging materials such as AlGaN and that systematic studies of devices can be performed. The LED devices are then characterized using standard opto-electric techniques and the improvements in the performance of the LEDs are correlated with the electron holography results.
A simple, rapid and entertaining method to measure specific heat of metals using liquid nitrogen and Leidenfrost effect
Authors: Dourado F , Barreto J , Bonfait G 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Taking advantage of the fascination of ‘playing’ with liquid nitrogen, this article proposes a didactical experiment involving the use of this liquid to measure the heat capacity of cylindrical metallic blocks (copper, aluminum, brass, and stainless steel; volume ≈ 20 cm3). It also permits to demonstrate qualitatively and quantitatively the Leidenfrost effect. The experimental setup consists of a low-cost recipient adequate for liquid N2 storage, a multimeter and a weighing scale. The experience starts by a rapid immersion of metallic block in liquid N2 and by measuring simultaneously the block’s temperature and the mass of the evaporated liquid along the cooling process. Knowing the latent heat of the liquid

L

, the evaporated mass

Δ
m

during a temperature variation

Δ
T

, the heat capacity is obtained by

C
p
=
L

Δ
m

/

Δ
T

. This method allowed to measure the specific heat in the 100–270 K temperature range in less than 3 min and the results are in quite good agreement with the literature data. On the other hand, the cooling rate, measured by temperature and liquid N2 change, clearly shows two regimes as expected by the Leidenfrost effect and the critical heat flux calculated is in good agreement with previous experiments. Such an experiment can be adapted to various student levels and present a didactical approach to important thermodynamical concepts in parallel with appealing phenomena.
Pencil-drawn tunable electrical resistance and Joule heating demonstration using a smartphone-based thermal imaging camera
Authors: Thakur Aditya Singh , Dubey Shivam , Thakur Abhay Singh , Srivastava Vinit , Vaish Rahul 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper delves into the educational potential of pencil circuits for teaching key electrical concepts. Using both practical experiments and theoretical examinations, this study explores the application of pencil circuits in demonstrating concepts related to series and parallel resistance, Ohm’s law, and Joule’s heating law. By leveraging the simplicity and accessibility of pencil-based setups, students can gain a practical understanding of these fundamental principles. Additionally, the integration of thermal imaging technology enhances the visualization of Joule’s heating law, further enriching the learning experience.
A GPU-accelerated Monte Carlo code, RT2 for coupled transport of photon, electron/positron, and neutron
Authors: Lee Chang-Min , Ye Sung-Joon 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective. This work aims to develop a graphics processing unit (GPU)-accelerated Monte Carlo code for the coupled transport of photon, electron/positron and neutron over a broad range of energies for medical applications. Approach. By separating the MC evolution of radiation into source, transport, and interaction kernels, the branch divergence was alleviated. The memory coalescence was achieved by vectorizing the access pattern in which the secondary particles were archived. To accelerate further particle tracking, ray-tracing hardware acceleration in the Nvidia OptiXTM framework was applied. For photon and electron/positron, the EGSnrc interaction modules were ported as a GPU-optimized configuration. For neutron, a group-wised transport based on NJOY21 preprocessed data was implemented. The developed code was validated against CPU-based FLUKA. Neutron, x-ray and electron beams incident on water and ICRP phantoms were simulated. The neutron energy group and the transport parameters of photon and electron were set to be the same in both codes. A single Nvidia RTX 4090 card was used in this code while all 20 threads of a single Intel Core i9-10900K node were used in FLUKA. Main results. The number of histories was set to ensure that statistical uncertainties lower than 2% for all voxels whose doses were larger than 20% of the maximum. In all cases, the dose differences in the voxels between the codes were within 2.5%. For photons and electrons, the developed code was 150–300 times faster than FLUKA in both geometries. For neutrons, the code was respectively 80 and 135 times faster in the water and ICRP phantoms than FLUKA. Significance. This study offers an appropriate solution for uncoalesced memory access and branch divergence commonly encountered in coupled MC transport on the GPU architecture. The formidable acceleration in computing times and accuracy shown in this study can promise a routine clinical use of MC simulations.