bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Segment-specific and state-dependent targeting accuracy of the stick insect
Authors: Wosnitza Anne , Engelen Jennifer , Gruhn Matthias 
Published: August 2013

SummaryIn its natural habitat, Carausius morosus climbs on the branches of bushes and trees. Previous work suggested that stick insects perform targeting movements with their hind legs to find support more easily. It has been assumed that the animals use position information from the anterior legs to control the touchdown position of the ipsilateral posterior legs. Here we address the questions if not only the hind but also the middle leg performs targeting, and if targeting is still present in a walking animal when influences of mechanical coupling through the ground are removed. If this were the case, it would emphasize the role of underlying neuronal mechanisms. We studied whether targeting occurred in both legs, when the rostral neighboring leg, i.e. either middle- or front leg, was placed at defined positions relative to the body, and analyzed targeting precision for dependency on the targeted position. Under these conditions, the touchdown positions of the hind legs show correlation to the position of the middle leg parallel and perpendicular to the body axis while only weak correlation exists between the middle and front legs, and only in parallel to the body axis. In continuously walking tethered animals targeting accuracy of hind and middle legs parallel to the body axis was barely different. However, targeting became significantly more accurate perpendicular to the body axis. Our results suggest that a neural mechanism exists for controlling the touchdown position of the posterior leg but that the strength of this mechanism is segment-specific and dependent on the behavioral context in which it is used.
A Categorial Approach to Latin Syntax
Authors: Casadio Claudia 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis work investigates the effects of the application of a categorial grammar to Latin syntax. Due to the wide variety of constructions admitted in Latin, the analysis will focus on those properties of lexical items which more directly and intuitively offer the opportunity of evaluating the salient aspects and the effectiveness of the categorial strategy. Subcategorization properties of lexical items and certain word order patterns are considered in this perspective, and a picture of the case system is suggested, representing the traditional cases in terms of the categorial notation implemented by an appropriate system of syntactic features.
Le changement des modes verbaux du latin au roman et l'emploi du réfléchi
Authors: Calboli Gualtiero 
Published: August 2013

RésuméCet article est partagé en deux moitiés. Dans la première on prend en considération l’échange indicatif/subjonctif dans le développement du latin aux langues romanes et, plus précisément, la réduction du subjonctif et l’extension de l'indicatif. A cet égard, en examinant les phrases consécutives du type (Balbus) erat ita non superstitiosus, ut (...) sacrificia contemneret (Cic.fin.2,63), l’on observe que le subjonctif est un moyen de déterminer le nom qui corres- pond à l’identification par déterminants pronominaux, selon le critère de la conservation em- ployé dans des études récentes sur les déterminants comme celle de Keenan et Stavi (1986) et de F. Hamm (1989). Mais si le subjonctif dans ces phrases a la même fonction d’identification du nom que le déterminant, on peut conclure que l’emploi de déterminants obligatoires com- me les articles romans (un, le, il) est en rapport direct avec l’extension de l’indicatif et repré- sente, de ce point de vue, une compensation partielle à la réduction du subjonctif. Les deux phénomènes, c’est-à-dire, la réduction du subjonctif et l’extension de déterminants obliga- toires, sont parallèles. Dans la seconde section on emploie le critère de Chomsky selon lequel il y a une règle syntaxique précise pour expliquer l’alternance de Panaphore suus) et du pronom démonstratif (is, ille) et, en reprenant les résultats d’autres travaux précédents, l’au- teur arrive à la conclusion que Panaphore est employée lorsqu’il y a des positions transparen- tes - selon la terminologie des logiciens - non seulement dans la construction de l’AcI, mais aussi dans les propositions avec le subjonctif. Alors Pemploi du réfléchi se, suus (anaphore) dépend du fait que le pronom est pensé par le locuteur, non par le sujet de la phrase princi- pale auquel il se réfère. Dans des positions transparentes où il n’y a pas de liens d’opacité le locuteur est réduit à employer un moyen lexical (se, suus, éautoG, soi-même, him(her)self) qui a dans soi-même l’indication du lien de référence. Ainsi on bouleverse, selon d’ailleurs une opinion qui se trouve aussi chez d’autres chercheurs et en particulier chez M
Zur Forschungsgeschichte der lateinischen Nominalkomposition Per una storia degli studi sulla composizione nominale latina
Authors: Lindner Thomas , Oniga Renato 
Published: August 2013

SummaryIn this paper, the history of the studies on Latin nominal compounding is outlined. In the first part, Th. L. gives an overview of the development from the ancient grammarians to the beginning of scientific research in 19
Stratégies de prises en charge énonciatives dans le discours indirect
Authors: Sznajder Lyliane 
Published: August 2013

SummaryTo whom the propositional content and its expression must be attributed in an indirect speech? My aim in this study is to examine different utterance strategies carried out by the narrator within a syntactically indirect speech: the narrator may partly re-delegate the deixis point of view to the characterutterer, or the propositional content might be interpreted as being valid for both speakers; on the contrary, the narrator might intentionally reiterate utterance features attributing the speech to a characterspeaker, even through syntactical discrepancies. All these positions will be examined in the framework of a wider description of the indirect speech.
Connecteurs et mouvements rythmiques (Catulle, c. 64)
Authors: Plantade Emmanuel 
Published: August 2013

SummaryThis paper is dealing with particles such as at, autem, nain, sed. uero. operating in poetical context. These words have been previously described by Kroon 1995 in terms of ‘functional grammar’, so we use her work as a framework for our own insight in Catullus’poem, focusing on the rhythmical moves that particles contribute to provide. Often accounted as clitics, our particles may in fact be stressed by a discourse emphasis. Kroon’s description proves to be sound, even in poetical context, but, according to us, remains, somehow, too abstract, inasmuch as it does not explain the oral dimension of discourse organization.
L'échec des clôtures du dialogue dans les comédies de Plaute
Authors: Roesch Sophie 
Published: August 2013

SummaryThe closing of an exchange requires cooperation from both speakers. When someone wants to end the dialog, whereas the other speaker doesn’t, conflict necessarily arises. The speaker reluctant to end the dialog is going to use every possible means to delay the closing, before the physical separation takes place. To prevent the closing, a speaker will usually use questions or orders, which compel the other to respond and prolong the exchange. He may also resort to summons (audin, sed quid ais) and addi- tions (thanks to the connective particles et, at and sed), or keep on speaking, without paying heed to the other speaker’s desire to leave. Whatever means the speaker may use to hinder the closing, the frequency of such passages in Plautus’ comedies is probably due to their comic effect.
Opera latina: le nouveau site Internet du LASLA
Authors: Denooz Joseph 
Published: August 2013

AbstractSince 1961 the Laboratory for statistical analysis of ancient languages (LASLA) at the University of Liège has recorded a high number of ancient Latin texts in a computer format. For each of the approximately 1,800,000 words of the corpus lexicological, morphological and syntactical information has been entered. The complete data bank is now accessible through the Internet: an inquiry software package makes it possible for any researcher to look up all occurrences of a specific language feature either in the whole corpus or in the works of a given writer. Research can be done either on a lexis item, or on a type of subordination, or again on the basis of morphological features. The system, which still has to be further developed, is available for anyone who files a request.
Prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea after Orticochea Pharyngoplasty for Velopharyngeal Insufficiency Management
Authors: Madrid Jose Rolando Prada , Ortega Viviana Gómez , Echeverri Pilar , Velasquez Nathaly Londoño 
Published: August 2013

Background and Purpose The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and its level of severity associated with Orticochea pharyngoplasty in patients with velopharyngeal insufficiency after at least 1 year of the surgical procedure. Design Case series prospective descriptive study Main Outcome Measures At FISULAB, a rehabilitation center for patients with cleft palate, we studied 37 patients who were treated elsewhere with Orticochea pharyngoplasty for velopharyngeal insufficiency; these patients may or may not have had clinical symptoms related to OSA. All participants underwent a polysomnography sleep study, which was also done in different institutions. We applied the Epworth Sleepiness Scales during the clinical investigation because it is an effective instrument used to measure average daytime sleepiness. Another questionnaire to identify cases of OSA was used. Among other variables studied, the apnea/hypopnea index was the main outcome, while age and type of cleft were secondary variables. Results From 37 patients who were studied (100%), we obtained the following results: normal apnea/hypopnea index: seven patients (18.9%); mild apnea/hypopnea index: 14 patients (37.8%); moderate apnea/hypopnea index: eight patients (21.6%); and severe apnea/hypopnea index: eight patients (21.6%) Conclusions In this study, we found that more than three quarters (81%) of the patients who were treated for velopharyngeal insufficiency with Orticochea pharyngoplasty presented obstructive sleep apnea when analyzing the apnea/hypopnea index in the polysomnography sleep study.
Developing a Reporting Guideline for Social and Psychological Intervention Trials
Authors: Montgomery Paul , Mayo-Wilson Evan , Hopewell Sally , Macdonald Geraldine , Moher David , Grant Sean 
Published: August 2013

Understanding randomized controlled trials of complex social and psychological interventions requires a detailed description of the interventions tested and the methods used to evaluate them. However, randomized controlled trial reports often omit, or inadequately report, this information.Incomplete and inaccurate reporting hinders the optimal use of research, wastes resources, and fails to meet ethical obligations to research participants and consumers. We explain how reporting guidelines have improved the quality of reports in medicine, and describe the ongoing development of a new reporting guideline for randomized controlled trials: an extension of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials for social and psychological interventions.We invite readers to participate in the project by visiting our Web site, to help us reach the best-informed consensus on these guidelines ( http://tinyurl.com/consort-study ).
Evaluation of the New York City Breakfast in the Classroom Program
Authors: Van Wye Gretchen , Seoh Hannah , Adjoian Tamar , Dowell Deborah 
Published: August 2013

Objectives. We determined the impact of Breakfast in the Classroom (BIC) on the percentage of children going without morning food, number of locations where food was consumed, and estimated calories consumed per child. Methods. We used a cross-sectional survey of morning food consumed among elementary school students offered BIC and not offered BIC in geographically matched high-poverty-neighborhood elementary schools. Results. Students offered BIC (n = 1044) were less likely to report not eating in the morning (8.7%) than were students not offered BIC (n = 1245; 15.0%) and were more likely to report eating in 2 or more locations during the morning (51.1% vs 30%). Overall, students offered BIC reported consuming an estimated 95 more calories per morning than did students not offered BIC. Conclusions. For every student for whom BIC resolved the problem of starting school with nothing to eat, more than 3 students ate in more than 1 location. Offering BIC reduced the percentage of students not eating in the morning but may contribute to excess calorie intake. More evaluation of BIC’s impact on overweight and obesity is needed before more widespread implementation.
Risk of Fatal Injury in Young Children Following Abuse Allegations: Evidence From a Prospective, Population-Based Study
Authors: Putnam-Hornstein Emily , Cleves Mario A. , Licht Robyn , Needell Barbara 
Published: August 2013

Objectives. We examined variations in children’s risk of an unintentional or intentional fatal injury following an allegation of physical abuse, neglect, or other maltreatment. Methods. We linked records of 514 232 children born in California from 1999 to 2006 and referred to child protective services for maltreatment to vital birth and death data. We used multivariable Cox regression models to estimate variations in risk of fatal injury before age 5 years and modeled maltreatment allegations as time-varying covariates. Results. Children with a previous allegation of physical abuse sustained fatal injuries at 1.7 times the rate of children referred for neglect. Stratification by manner of injury showed that children with an allegation of physical abuse died from intentional injuries at a rate 5 times as high as that for children with an allegation of neglect, yet faced a significantly lower risk of unintentional fatal injury. Conclusions. These data suggest conceptual differences between physical abuse and neglect. Findings indicate that interventions consistent with the form of alleged maltreatment may be appropriate, and heightened monitoring of young children referred for physical abuse may advance child protection.
The use of cooled saline during bone drilling to reduce the incidence of upper-limb palsy after cervical laminoplasty
Authors: Takenaka Shota , Hosono Noboru , Mukai Yoshihiro , Miwa Toshitada , Fuji Takeshi 
Published: August 2013

Object
No previous hypothesis has attempted to fully account for the occurrence of upper-limb palsy (ULP) after cervical laminoplasty. The authors propose that friction-generated heat from a high-speed drill may cause thermal injury to the nerve roots close to the drilled bone, which may then lead to ULP. The authors investigated the effect of cooling the saline used for irrigation during the drilling on the incidence of upper-limb (C-5) palsy following cervical laminoplasty.

Methods
The irrigation saline for drilling was used at room temperature (RT, average temperature of 25.6°C) in operations of 79 patients (the RT group) and cooled to an average of 12.1°C in operations of 80 patients (the low-temperature [LT] group). The authors used a hand-held dynamometer to precisely assess muscle strength presurgery and 2 weeks postsurgery.

Results
There was a 7.6% and 1.9% decrease in the strength of the deltoid muscle, a 10.1% and 4.4% decrease in the strength of the biceps brachii, a 1.3% and 0.6% decrease in the strength of the triceps brachii, and a 7.6% and 3.1% decrease in grip strength in the RT and LT groups, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that a significant predictor for decreased deltoid muscle strength was the use of irrigation saline at RT.

Conclusions
Using cooled irrigation saline during bone drilling significantly decreased the incidence of ULP and can thus be recommended as a simple method for the prevention of ULP.
Stressful Life Events Antedating Chronic Childhood Arthritis
Authors: Neufeld Kate M. , Karunanayake Chandima P. , Maenz Lynn Y. , Rosenberg Alan M. 
Published: August 2013

Objective.To investigate associations between antecedent stressful life events and occurrence of juvenile arthritis (JA).Methods.The study population comprised patients with JA referred to a pediatric rheumatology clinic between 1981 and 2010. A questionnaire, which was developed as a screening tool by the clinic, was completed at the first clinic visit by patients’ parents and, for comparison, by parents of unrelated age, sex, geographically, and temporally matched healthy controls. The entire questionnaire captured a broad array of clinical, demographic, psychosocial, and environmental data, including questions about stressful life events from 686 patients with JA and from 1042 controls.Results.Patients were more likely to have experienced a serious upset (OR 4.81; p < 0.0001), a currently ill family member (OR 2.29; p < 0.0001), separated parents (OR 1.96; p < 0.0001), or difficulties with interpersonal relationships (OR 2.54; p < 0.0001) prior to first clinic presentation compared to controls. Children with oligoarticular JA were more likely than controls to have experienced a serious upset (OR 3.46; p = 0.008), an ill family member (OR 3.79; CI 2.02, 7.11; p < 0.0001), or problems with interpersonal interactions (OR 3.32; p < 0.0001). Children with polyarticular JA were more likely to have experienced a serious upset (OR 5.68; p < 0.0001), separated parents (OR 2.66; p = 0.001), a deceased parent (OR 6.75, p = 0.017), or problems with interpersonal relationships (OR 2.39; p = 0.009). No significant differences were observed when comparing systemic JA patients to controls.Conclusion.Strong associations between stressful life events antedating the first clinic visit of patients with JA indicate that life event stresses should be identified and addressed when first encountering and managing children with JA.
High Doses of Infliximab in the Management of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Tambralli Ajay , Beukelman Timothy , Weiser Peter , Atkinson Thomas Prescott , Cron Randy Quentin , Stoll Matthew Laurence 
Published: August 2013

Objective.To review our experiences with high-dose infliximab (IFX) to treat juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). We routinely use high doses of IFX (10–20 mg/kg) in children with recalcitrant or highly active JIA. Although biologics have revolutionized treatment of JIA, many patients have active disease despite therapy. Studies have shown benefits of high-dose IFX in several conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, and idiopathic uveitis. The safety and effectiveness of high-dose IFX have not been evaluated in JIA.Methods.We performed a retrospective review of children with JIA who received IFX ≥ 10 mg/kg. We recorded all serious adverse events (SAE), medically important infections, and infusion reactions. We also recorded the physician global assessment of disease activity (MD global) and active joint count (AJC) at initiation of high-dose IFX and 3, 6, and 12 months thereafter.Results.Fifty-eight subjects received a total of 1064 infusions over 95 person-years. There were a total of 9 SAE (9.5/100 person-yrs), 7 of which were potentially related to therapy, and 6 infusion reactions (0.5%), none constituting anaphylaxis. Statistically significant improvements were observed in the AJC (median 0, range 0–31, vs 2, 0–39) and MD global (12, 2–31, vs 22, 5–80) over the first year.Conclusion.High-dose IFX appears safe in the management of JIA. Future prospective controlled studies are necessary to evaluate its safety and efficacy.
Genre et « conscience éthique » en classe de langue : un « droit au savoir » pour l’anglais à visée professionnelle
Authors: Perry Véronique 
Published: August 2013

Le genre (traduction de gender) entendu comme système de catégorisation des êtres et de reproduction du dualisme sexué (Sapir 1921 ; Lapaire & Rotgé 1991) n’est pas une problématique suffisamment prise en compte dans la formation enseignante en France (Perry 2009 & 2011). Pourtant, le Cadre Européen Commun de Référence pour les Langues (CECRL) recommande le développement d’un « savoir agir » intégrant des « stratégies discursives » adaptées à la langue-culture cible : comprendre le genre est un « droit au savoir » (Sudo 2007). On peut considérer comme un premier frein au développement plus large d’une « conscience éthique » l’absence d’information sur les stratégies de contournement (gender-neutral English) ou d’inclusion (gender-inclusive English) du genre en anglais. La (mé-)connaissance de ces aspects formels se répercute alors dans les jeux de rôle et les simulations proposées en classe pour l’utilisation de l’anglais en milieu professionnel, comme le montre l’analyse de productions orales filmées entre 2008 et 2012.
« Être-noir » (Blackness) : une pratique collective à Salvador de Bahia. Faire de la sociologie urbaine après le « cultural turn »
Authors: Löw Martina 
Published: August 2013

Chacune des villes du Brésil portent en elles des contributions singulières à la production d’une identité nationale, bien qu’elles n’échappent pas aux influences homogénéisantes de la globalisation. Cette co-construction d’une identité partagée n’empêche toutefois pas que se structurent distinctement les actes et les sensations des habitants des métropoles concernées, générant des pratiques collectives – mais spécifiques – d’interprétation de la réalité. À Salvador de Bahia, l’« être-noir » et l’« être-aussi-noir » constituent deux opérateurs d’une identité partagée. Ce notamment en raison du rôle spécifiquement échu à la ville de Salvador dans le cadre du projet national, à savoir celui d’un lieu-témoin de la mixité des origines. Ainsi la ville est-elle le théâtre d’une triple mise en scène : celle des pratiques typiques de formations identitaires des individus ; celle de la revendication d’une culture alimentaire ; celle de la promotion d’un urbanisme particulier. Toutes trois ouvrent, à Salvador, un champ du possible autre que celui ayant cours dans les autres métropoles brésiliennes.