bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights into magmatic processes and hydrothermal alteration of in situ superfast spreading ocean crust at ODP/IODP site 1256 from a cluster analysis of rock magnetic properties
Authors: Dekkers Mark J. , Heslop David , Herrero‐Bervera Emilio , Acton Gary , Krasa David 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe analyze magnetic properties from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP)/Integrated ODP (IODP) Hole 1256D (6°44.1' N, 91°56.1' W) on the Cocos Plate in ∼15.2 Ma oceanic crust generated by superfast seafloor spreading, the only drill hole that has sampled all three oceanic crust layers in a tectonically undisturbed setting. Fuzzy c‐means cluster analysis and nonlinear mapping are utilized to study down‐hole trends in the ratio of the saturation remanent magnetization and the saturation magnetization, the coercive force, the ratio of the remanent coercive force and coercive force, the low‐field magnetic susceptibility, and the Curie temperature, to evaluate the effects of magmatic and hydrothermal processes on magnetic properties. A statistically robust five cluster solution separates the data predominantly into three clusters that express increasing hydrothermal alteration of the lavas, which differ from two distinct clusters mainly representing the dikes and gabbros. Extensive alteration can obliterate magnetic property differences between lavas, dikes, and gabbros. The imprint of thermochemical alteration on the iron‐titanium oxides is only partially related to the porosity of the rocks. Thus, the analysis complements interpretation based on electrofacies analysis. All clusters display rock magnetic characteristics compatible with an ability to retain a stable natural remanent magnetization suggesting that the entire sampled sequence of ocean crust can contribute to marine magnetic anomalies. Paleointensity determination is difficult because of the propensity of oxyexsolution during laboratory heating and/or the presence of intergrowths. The upper part of the extrusive sequence, the granoblastic dikes, and moderately altered gabbros may contain a comparatively uncontaminated thermoremanent magnetization.
Fault constitutive relations inferred from the 2009‐2010 slow slip event in Guerrero, Mexico
Authors: Maury Julie , Aochi Hideo , Radiguet Mathilde 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe spatiotemporal evolution of stress state is analyzed during the 2009–2010 Slow Slip Event (SSE) of Guerrero, Mexico, based on the kinematic inversion results and using an integral expression for stress changes. A linear slip weakening behavior is generally observed during the SSE with an average slope of −0.5 ± 0.2MPa/m regardless the perturbation due to the 27 February 2010 Mw = 8.8 Maule, Chile earthquake. This slope remains unchanged before and after the Maule earthquake. However, for some area, the friction behavior changes from slip hardening to slip weakening following the Maule earthquake. The complex trajectory between shear stress and slip velocity is fitted with a rate‐ and state friction law through an inversion. The direct (rate) effect (parameter A) is found to be very small, lower by an order of magnitude than the evolutional (state) effect (parameter B). The characteristic length L is obtained as 5 cm on average.
Migration calculations for water in the exosphere of the Moon: Dusk‐dawn asymmetry, heterogeneous trapping, and D/H fractionation
Authors: Schorghofer Norbert 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWater ice is trapped in permanently shadowed craters near the lunar poles, where it is thought to have arrived from an exogenic or endogenic source via ballistic hops. We use a model of the migration of water molecules in the lunar exosphere to investigate three problems: (1) A strong continuous source would lead to an enhanced concentration of H2O at the morning terminator but not at the evening terminator. Hence, spectral features observed at both terminators do not suggest that there is diurnal migration of volatiles. (2) Cold trapping after a comet impact leads to an unequal partitioning between the two hemispheres depending on the latitude of the impact but to nearly equal partitioning with respect to longitude. (3) The D/H fractionation as the water molecules migrate toward the poles is small. Hence, the isotopic composition of ice deposits in the cold traps can be related to that of the source.
A statistical study of magnetic field fluctuations in the dayside magnetosheath and their dependence on upstream solar wind conditions
Authors: Dimmock A. P. , Nykyri K. , Pulkkinen T. I. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe magnetosheath functions as a natural interface connecting the interplanetary and magnetospheric plasma. Since the magnetosheath houses the shocked solar wind, it is populated with abundant magnetic field turbulence which are generated both locally and externally. Although the steady state magnetosheath is to date relatively well understood, the same cannot be said of transient magnetic perturbations due to their kinetic nature and often complex and numerous generation mechanisms. The current manuscript presents a statistical study of magnetic field fluctuations in the dayside magnetosheath as a function of upstream solar wind conditions. We concentrate on the ambient higher‐frequency fluctuations in the range of 0.1 Hz → 2 Hz. We show evidence that the dawn (quasi‐parallel) flank is visibly prone to higher‐amplitude magnetic perturbations compared to the dusk (quasi‐perpendicular) region. Our statistical data also suggest that the magnitude of turbulence can be visibly enhanced close to the magnetopause during periods of southward interplanetary magnetic field orientations. Faster (> 400 km s−1) solar wind velocities also appear to drive higher‐amplitude perturbations compared to slower speeds. The spatial distribution also suggests some dependence on the magnetic pileup region at the subsolar magnetopause.
Uncertainty of Aquarius sea surface salinity retrieved under rainy conditions and its implication on the water cycle study
Authors: Tang Wenqing , Yueh Simon H. , Fore Alexander G. , Hayashi Akiko , Lee Tong , Lagerloef Gary 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe uncertainty of Aquarius sea surface salinity (SSS) retrieved under rain is assessed. Rain not only has instantaneous impact on SSS but also interferes with the microwave remote sensing signals, making the task to retrieve SSS under rainy conditions difficult. A rain correction model is developed based on analysis of the L‐band radiometer/scatterometer residual signals after accounting for roughness due to wind and flat surface emissivity. The combined active passive algorithm is used to retrieve SSS in parallel with (CAP_RC) or without rain correction (CAP). The CAP bias against individual ARGO floats increases with rain rate with slope of −0.14 PSU per mm h−1, which reduced to near zero in CAP_RC. On the global monthly basis, CAP_RC is about 0.03 PSU higher than CAP. RMSD against ARGO is slightly smaller for CAP_RC than CAP. Regional biases are examined in areas with frequent rain events. As expected, results show that ΔSSS (CAP_RC‐CAP) is highly correlated with the seasonal precipitation pattern, reaching about 0.2–0.3 PSU under heavy rain. However, ΔSSS shows no correlation with the difference pattern between ARGO and CAP or CAP_RC. This, along with regional analyses, suggests that the difference between ARGO and Aquarius' SSS is likely caused by the different spatial and temporal sampling, in addition to near surface stratification depicted by radiometer and ARGO at different depths. The effect of ΔSSS on water cycle in terms of mixed‐layer salt storage tendency is about 10% in areas where evaporation‐minus‐precipitation is the dominant process driving the variability of near surface salinity.
Radiosonde observational evidence of the impact of an extremely cold SST spot on a mesoscale anticyclone
Authors: Nishikawa Hatsumi , Tachibana Yoshihiro , Udagawa Yusuke 
Published: July 2014

AbstractRadiosondes were launched in August 2006 from a research vessel above a spot around the Kuril Islands between the North Pacific and the Okhotsk Sea characterized by an extremely cold sea surface temperature (SST) and a large horizontal temperature gradient caused by strong tidal mixing. Because this cold SST was caused solely by this oceanic process, the observed data chiefly reflect the oceanic influence on the atmosphere. In this area, where the summertime SST is typically lower than in other seas in the same latitude belt, a minimum SST of 2°C and a horizontal gradient of 7°C/10 km were observed in August 2006. During the cruise, the area was covered by a layer of fog up to about 1000 m thick. The following observations reveal the presence of an atmospheric mesoscale anticyclone and a cold dome caused by ocean cooling of the atmosphere. The wind direction over the cold spot and the strong gradient region was northeasterly below the altitude of about 500 m, in contrast to the southwesterly geostrophic wind, and the area of northeasterly wind was characterized by a cold air mass and a high‐pressure anomaly. This ageostrophic wind distribution indicates mesoscale anticyclonic circulation below 500 m. The fog layer was also thinner in the northeasterly wind area than in other areas, suggesting vertical dry air advection (i.e., a subsidence) associated with the mesoscale anticyclone. In addition, our observational results suggest that the pressure adjustment mechanism can explain this mesoscale circulation.
Age and composition of meta‐ophiolite from the Rhodope Middle Allochthon (Satovcha, Bulgaria): A test for the maximum‐allochthony hypothesis of the Hellenides
Authors: Froitzheim Nikolaus , Jahn‐Awe Silke , Frei Dirk , Wainwright Ashlea N. , Maas Roland , Georgiev Neven , Nagel Thorsten J. , Pleuger Jan 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe metamorphosed thrust stack of the Rhodopes comprises a level with ophiolites (Middle Allochthon) underlain and overlain by continent‐derived allochthons. The Upper Allochthon represents the European margin, but the origin of the Lower Allochthon remains controversial, with suggestions that it may be derived from an inferred microcontinent (Drama) or from the margin of Adria. Trace element compositions and Sr and Nd isotope ratios of metagabbroic amphibolites and enclosed meta‐plagiogranites from the Satovcha Ophiolite, Middle Allochthon, show that they are cogenetic and represent suprasubduction zone ophiolites. U‐Pb dating using laser ablation sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry of zircons from two meta‐plagiogranites and a metagabbro yielded identical Jurassic ages (160 ± 1 Ma, 160.6 ± 1.8 Ma, and 160 ± 1 Ma, respectively), similar to ophiolites in the eastern Vardar Zone bordering the Rhodopes to the SW. The trace element patterns also closely resemble those of the Vardar ophiolites. The association with Late Jurassic arc‐type granitoids is another feature that applies both to eastern Vardar and Satovcha. This strongly suggests that the Middle Allochthon comprises the metamorphosed northeastward continuation of the Vardar Zone. The Jurassic age of the Satovcha Ophiolite contradicts the hypothesis of Early Jurassic suturing between Europe (Upper Allochthon) and the assumed Drama microcontinent (Lower Allochthon) but is in line with the “maximum allochthony hypothesis,” i.e., the assumption that the Lower Allochthon represents Adria and that the “root” of the Vardar‐derived thrust sheets is at the NE boundary of the Rhodopes.
Plant Viruses: Soil‐borne
Authors: Roberts Alison G 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

A number of plant viruses in different genera are harboured in and transmitted through the soil. They are found throughout the world and several of them cause significant economic losses to major crops. Vectors for spread of these viruses are fungal‐like organisms or plant‐parasitic nematodes, but some viruses can also be exuded from infected roots and transmitted abiotically, without the aid of a vector. The long‐term persistence of these viruses in soil, often for decades, and a lack of efficient control strategies mean that diseases caused by these viruses are very difficult to control. Eradication of inoculum from infected soil is almost impossible, particularly in those parts of the world where highly toxic soil fumigant chemicals have been banned in recent years. Soil‐borne viruses are difficult to study and their biology is relatively poorly understood at present.

Key Concepts:

A number of plant viruses are transmitted through the soil or by soil‐borne vectors to plant roots.

Soil‐borne viruses infect several economically important crops including wheat, barley, potato, sugar beet, groundnut and fruit crops.

Soil‐borne viruses belong to fifteen named and two currently unnamed genera that fall within the
Secoviridae
,
Potyviridae
,
Ophioviridae
,
Tombusviridae
or
Virgaviridae
families, or have not yet been assigned to a virus family.

The main vectors for soil‐borne viruses are trichodorid or longidorid nematodes, chytrid fungi in the genus
Olpidium
and plasmodiophorids in the genera
Polymyxa
or
Spongospora
.

Soil‐borne viruses are relatively poorly understood due to a combination of factors including the complexity of the plant–vector–virus interaction and the fact that soil impedes observations of their biology.

Soil‐borne viruses are very persistent; they can exist for decades in the soil in long‐lived resting spores of their vectors making eradication of disease very difficult once soil is contaminated.

There are few effective means available to control soil‐borne viruses; few resistant cultivars are available and chemical methods of control are generally expensive and highly toxic.
Poikiloderma with neutropenia: Genotype‐ethnic origin correlation, expanding phenotype and literature review
Authors: Koparir Asuman , Gezdirici Alper , Koparir Erkan , Ulucan Hakan , Yilmaz Mehmet , Erdemir Aslı , Yuksel Adnan , Ozen Mustafa 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPoikiloderma with neutropenia (PN), is a rare genodermatosis associated with patognomic features of poikiloderma and permanent neutropenia. Three common recurrent mutations of related gene, USB1, were considered to be associated with three different ethnic origins. The most common recurrent mutation, c.531delA, has been detected in seven Caucasian patients in the literature. In this paper, we present review of all patients from the literature and report two additional patients of Turkish ancestry with the diagnosis of PN. The diagnosis of these two PN patients were made clinically and confirmed by molecular analysis which detected the most common recurrent mutation, c.531delA. Genotype‐ethnic origin correlation hypothesis, therefore, has been strengthened with this result. Short stature in PN, is a common finding, which until now has never been treated with growth hormone (GH). One of our patients is the first patient with attempted treatment of short stature via GH administration. Finally, both of our patients had high‐pitched voice and vocal cord nodules which might be considered as additional clinical findings not associated with PN before. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Variation in the Position of the Jugal Medial Ridge Among Lizards (Reptilia: Squamata): Its Functional and Taxonomic Significance
Authors: Čerňanský Andrej , Smith Krister T. , Klembara Jozef 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThe course of the medial ridge in the lizard jugal shows considerable morphological variation. There are four basic configurations: (1) the medial ridge is located ventral to mid‐height on the suborbital process and anterior to mid‐length on the postorbital process; (2) the medial ridge is located ventrally on the suborbital process (as above), but posteriorly on the postorbital process; (3) the medial ridge is located dorsally on the suborbital process and anteriorly on the postorbital process; and (4) the medial ridge is centrally located along the entire length of the jugal. Ancestral character state reconstruction shows that type 1 is plesiomorphic for Squamata regardless of the broad‐scale phylogenetic topology. Type 3 is present in chamaeleonids and convergently inAnolis barbatus. Type 3 is a synapomorphy of the chamaeleonids. Type 2 is considered plesiomorphic for Anguidae,HelodermaandXenosaurus, although it is independently modified in some extant members. These taxa form a clade in molecular phylogenies of Squamata, and the course of the medial ridge of the jugal therefore provides some measure of morphological support for this arrangement. The course of the medial ridge may be best explained by the position of the eye and by the angle of the jugal; its relations with other bony orbital structures (supraocular osteoderms, palpebral, supraorbital flanges) and the posterior extent of the maxilla are also discussed. Anat Rec, 297:2262–2272, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Meta-analysis of pancreaticogastrostomy versus pancreaticojejunostomy after pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Xiong J J , Tan C L , Szatmary P , Huang W , Ke N W , Hu W M , Nunes Q M , Sutton R , Liu X B 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background
Surgical reconstruction following pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Because of great variability in definitions of specific complications, it remains unclear whether there is a difference in complication rates following the two commonest types of reconstruction, pancreaticogastrostomy (PG) and pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ). Published consensus definitions for postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) have led to a series of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) uniquely placed to address this question.

Methods
A literature search was carried out to identify all RCTs comparing postoperative complications of PG versus PJ reconstruction following PD published between January 1995 and December 2013. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95 percent confidence intervals (c.i.) were calculated using fixed-effect or random-effects models.

Results
In total, seven RCTs with 1121 patients were included. Four of these trials applied definitions as published by the International Study Group on Pancreatic Fistula (ISGPF). Using ISGPF definitions, the incidence of POPF was lower in patients undergoing PG than in those having PJ (OR 0·50, 95 per cent c.i. 0·34 to 0·73; P &lt; 0·001). Using definitions applied by each individual study, PG was associated with significantly lower rates of POPF (OR 0·51, 0·36 to 0·71; P &lt; 0·001), intra-abdominal fluid collection (OR 0·50, 0·34 to 0·74; P &lt; 0·001) and biliary fistula (OR 0·42, 0·18 to 0·93; P = 0·03) than PJ.

Conclusion
Meta-analysis of four RCTs based on ISGPF criteria, and seven RCTs using non-standard criteria, revealed that PG reduced the incidence of POPF after PD compared with PJ.
Aromatic N‐Arylations Catalyzed by Copper‐Anchored Porous Zinc‐Based Metal–Organic Framework under Heterogeneous Conditions
Authors: Maity Tanmoy , Saha Debraj , Koner Subratanath 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA highly porous Zn‐based metal–organic framework (MOF) IRMOF‐3 was covalently decorated with pyridine‐2‐aldehyde. The free amine group of IRMOF‐3 upon condensation with pyridine‐2‐aldehyde affords a bidentate Schiff‐base moiety in the porous matrix. The Schiff base moieties are availed to anchor copper(II) ions to display the catalyst’s utility towards catalytic reactions. The catalyst was characterized by UV/Vis and IR spectroscopy, powder XRD spectrometry, SEM energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometry, and nitrogen sorption measurements. The catalyst exhibits excellent activity in catalyzing the N‐arylation reaction of nitrogen‐containing heterocycles with aryl bromides in DMSO medium, under mild condition (90 °C) in the presence of Cs2CO3. The porous catalyst demonstrates size selectivity towards substrate as a result of the presence of active sites inside the pores of the MOF. The anchored complex seems to be not leached or decomposed during the catalytic reactions up to five successive catalytic cycles, demonstrating practical advantages over homogeneous catalysis.
Boundary control of distributed parameter systems using a discrete state space approach
Authors: Dillabough Megan , Shang Helen , McLellan P. James 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMany industrial processes exhibit spatially distributed behaviour and are distributed parameter systems (DPS). Much of the current literature has focused on the control of specific types of DPS, such as those modelled by hyperbolic or parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs). Discrete state space models for these systems (termed as 2‐D systems) have also been studied extensively; however, additional techniques are required to deal with boundary control problems. In this article, a discrete 2‐D state space model for boundary control problems is formulated. A controller is developed for boundary control problems using the discrete state space method. Simulation results indicate that the resulting boundary controller can achieve desirable performance for setpoint tracking.
Loss of LKB1 in high‐grade endometrial carcinoma: LKB1 is a novel transcriptional target of p53
Authors: Co Ngai Na , Iglesias David , Celestino Joseph , Kwan Suet Y. , Mok Samuel C. , Schmandt Rosemarie , Lu Karen H. 
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUNDLiver kinase B1 (LKB1) is a serine/threonine kinase that functions as a tumor suppressor and regulates cell polarity, proliferation, and metabolism. Mutations in LKB1 are associated with Peutz‐Jeghers syndrome as well as sporadic cervical and lung cancers. Although LKB1‐null mice develop invasive endometrial cancers, the role and regulation of LKB1 in the pathogenesis of human endometrial cancer are not well defined and are the focus of these studies.METHODSLKB1 protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels were evaluated in high‐grade and low‐grade endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC) and cell lines by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction analysis, Western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry. Mutational and promoter analyses of the LKB1 gene (serine/threonine kinase 11 [STK11]) were performed to identify the mechanisms that contribute to the loss of LKB1 in high‐grade EEC.RESULTSAnalysis of the LKB1 gene in low‐grade and high‐grade EECs revealed no genetic mutations, suggesting that alterations in LKB1 transcription may be responsible for LKB1 protein loss in high‐grade EEC. Analysis of the LKB1 promoter revealed 4 putative tumor protein 53 (p53) binding sites. Quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated that p53 bound directly to 1 of these sites and increased LKB1 promoter activity 140‐fold. LKB1 promoter activity, mRNA, and protein levels were suppressed after silencing of p53 with small interfering RNA and were elevated in cells that overexpressed p53. Levels of p53 mRNA and protein expression were decreased in high‐grade EEC and were positively correlated with LKB1 protein levels (Spearman correlation, r=0.601; P<.001).CONCLUSIONSLKB1 is a direct transcriptional target of p53. The loss of wild‐type p53 in high‐grade EEC may contribute to the LKB1 loss observed in these more aggressive tumors. Cancer 2014;120:3457–3468. © 2014 American Cancer Society.