bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of soft tissue augmentation around dental implants and in partially edentulous areas: a systematic review
Authors: Thoma Daniel S. , Buranawat Borvornwut , Hämmerle Christoph H.F. , Held Ulrike , Jung Ronald E. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAimTo review the dental literature in terms of efficacy of soft tissue augmentation procedures around dental implants and in partially edentulous sites.MethodsA Medline search was performed for human studies augmenting keratinized mucosa (KM) and soft tissue volume around implants and in partially edentulous areas. Due to heterogeneity in between the studies, no meta‐analyses could be performed.ResultsNine (KM) and eleven (volume) studies met the inclusion criteria. An apically positioned flap/vestibuloplasty (APF/V) plus a graft material [free gingival graft (FGG)/subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG)/collagen matrix (CM)] resulted in an increase of keratinized tissue (1.4–3.3 mm). Statistically significantly better outcomes were obtained for APF/V plus FGG/SCTG compared with controls (APF/V alone; no treatment) (p < 0.05). For surgery time and patient morbidity, statistically significantly more favourable outcomes were reported for CM compared to SCTGs (p < 0.05) in two randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs), even though rendering less keratinized tissue. SCTGs were the best‐documented method for gain of soft tissue volume at implant sites and partially edentulous sites. Aesthetically at immediate implant sites, better papilla fill and higher marginal mucosal levels were obtained using SCTGs compared to non‐grafted sites.ConclusionsAn APF/V plus FGG/SCTG was the best‐documented and most successful method to increase the width of KM. APF/V plus CM demonstrated less gain in KM, but also less patient morbidity and surgery time compared to APF/V plus SCTG based on two RCTs. Autogenous grafts (SCTG) rendered an increase in soft tissue thickness and better aesthetics compared to non‐grafted sites.
Melanoma thickness: the role of patients’ characteristics, risk indicators and patterns of diagnosis
Authors: Haenssle H.A. , Hoffmann S. , Holzkamp R. , Samhaber K. , Lockmann A. , Fliesser M. , Emmert S. , Schön M.P. , Rosenberger A. , Buhl T. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundFactors associated with early vs. late diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma remain poorly understood.ObjectiveTo identify factors with a significant impact on melanoma thickness.MethodsPatients with previous melanoma (n = 347, median age at diagnosis: 56.5 years, 44.7% female, 55.3% male) were recruited for this monocentre, non‐randomized, observational study between April 2012 and March 2013. All patients were assessed by means of a structured interview and systematic clinical and dermoscopic full‐body examination. Melanoma thickness in association with patients’ characteristics, risk indicators and patterns of diagnosis was submitted to statistical analyses.ResultsUnivariate analyses revealed associations between a statistically significant lower Breslow thickness and participation in specialized dermoscopic screening programs, personal history of more than one previous melanoma, diagnostic examination with a dermatoscope, diagnostic examination by board certified dermatologist, high number of common and/or atypical nevi, younger age at time of diagnosis, higher level of education, or superficial spreading or lentigo maligna melanoma subtype (all P ≤ 0.01). In a multivariate regression analysis only three of these criteria: (i) participation in specialized screening programs (P < 0.0001); (ii) melanoma subtype (P < 0.0001); and (iii) diagnostic examination with a dermatoscope (P = 0.040) and one interaction term (‘younger age’ x ‘female sex’, P < 0.0001) showed an independent influence on a significantly lower melanoma thickness.ConclusionsThe screening of patients in specialized surveillance programs resulted in melanoma detection at significantly earlier stages. The use of dermoscopy, SSM or LMM histotype and younger age in connection with female sex were also characteristics that were independently associated with significantly thinner melanomas in multivariate analyses.
Antimicrobial Mechanism Analysis of an Oil in Water Microemulsion by DNA Microarray‐Mediated Transcriptional Profiling of Escherichia Coli
Authors: Cai Haiying , Yu Liyi , Li Yang , Zhang Hui , Feng Fengqin 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe DNA microarray was employed in this study to investigate the gene expression profiles of Escherichia coli treated by oil in water (o/w) microemulsion in order to better understand the antimicrobial mechanism of the microemulsion as a promising food‐grade antimicrobial system. Among 5,440 open reading frames of E. coli, a total of 634 and 501 were highly induced and repressed, respectively. According to the annotation and analysis in the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases, it was found that the differently expressed genes were mainly involved in the biosynthesis of cell wall components and membranes, phosphate‐related metabolism and some other biosynthetic pathways, suggesting that the main antibacterial mechanisms of the o/w microemulsion were the attacks to the cell surface structure, especially the cell wall, and its influences on the metabolism of phosphate of the E. coli cells through phosphate absorption inhibition.Practical ApplicationsIn the panorama of the increasing need to search for novel strategies in order to prevent foodborne outbreaks, microemulsion systems have been of great interest to researchers for their broad antimicrobial properties. In our group, a series of food‐grade or pharmaceutical microemulsion systems based on glycerol monolaurate have been established for antimicrobial applications. It was found that the prepared microemulsions possessed excellent broad‐spectrum antimicrobial activities due to the disruption and dysfunction of biological membranes and cell walls, as suggested by the transmission electron microscopy observations and membrane permeability experiments. The antimicrobial mechanisms analysis of the microemulsion mediated by DNA microarray in this work will be of great importance in exploring the structure–activity relationship of the o/w microemulsion at molecular biological levels in future work, in order to provide a guideline in designing food‐grade antimicrobial microemulsions.
Cortical‐layer‐specific effects of PACAP and tPA on interneuron migration during post‐natal development of the cerebellum
Authors: Raoult Emilie , Bénard Magalie , Komuro Hitoshi , Lebon Alexis , Vivien Denis , Fournier Alain , Vaudry Hubert , Vaudry David , Galas Ludovic 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDuring early post‐natal development of the cerebellum, granule neurons (GN) execute a centripetal migration toward the internal granular layer, whereas basket and stellate cells (B/SC) migrate centrifugally to reach their final position in the molecular layer (ML). We have previously shown that pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide (PACAP) stimulates in vitro the expression and release of the serine protease tissue‐type plasminogen activator (tPA) from GN, but the coordinated role of PACAP and tPA during interneuron migration has not yet been investigated. Here, we show that endogenous PACAP is responsible for the transient arrest phase of GN at the level of the Purkinje cell layer (PCL) but has no effect on B/SC. tPA is devoid of direct effect on GN motility in vitro, although it is widely distributed along interneuron migratory routes in the ML, PCL, and internal granular layer. Interestingly, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 reduces the migration speed of GN in the ML and PCL, and that of B/SC in the ML. Taken together, these results reveal for the first time that tPA facilitates the migration of both GN and fast B/SC at the level of their intersection in the ML through degradation of the extracellular matrix.
image
Crucial role of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in interneuron migration. Interneuron migration is a critical step for normal establishment of neuronal network. This study indicates that, in the post‐natal cerebellum, tPA facilitates the opposite migration of immature excitatory granule neurons (GN) and immature inhibitory basket/stellate cells (B/SC) along the same migratory route. These data show that tPA exerts a pivotal role in neurodevelopment.
THE EVOLVING GEOGRAPHY OF CHINA'S INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION: IMPLICATIONS FOR POLLUTION DYNAMICS AND URBAN QUALITY OF LIFE
Authors: Zheng Siqi , Sun Cong , Qi Ye , Kahn Matthew E. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractChina's rapid economic growth has been fueled by industrialization and urbanization. Given its export focus, this industrialization was spatially concentrated in the coastal eastern cities. Over the last decade, a spatial transformation has taken place leading to a deindustrialization of the rich coastal cities and sharp industrial growth in the inland cities. This survey examines recent work that studies the economic geography of industrial production, pollution, and quality of life in China's cities. We focus on the interaction between firms, local governments, and the central government that together determine the new economic geography of industry and pollution within China.
Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor predicts mortality in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome
Authors: Raggam R. B. , Wagner J. , Prüller F. , Grisold A. , Leitner E. , Zollner‐Schwetz I. , Valentin T. , Krause R. , Hoenigl M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) reflects inflammation. However, the prognostic value of suPAR measurements, particularly at the very early onset of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), is less well defined.MethodsThe prognostic potential of suPAR levels in patients with SIRS was evaluated. From November 2010 until April 2013, 902 adult patients presenting with SIRS were investigated. Blood samples for laboratory testing of inflammation markers were collected simultaneously with initial blood cultures. suPAR testing was performed using suPARnostic© assay.ResultsAnalyses of receiver operating characteristics curves revealed areas under the curve (AUCs) of 0.818 for predicting overall mortality within 48 h (36/902 patients died), 0.739 for 30‐day mortality (117/902 died) and 0.706 for predicting 90‐day mortality (151/902 died). AUCs for procalcitonin (0.777, 0.671 and 0.638), interleukin‐6 (0.709, 0.593 and 0.569) and C‐reactive protein (0.66, 0.594 and 0.586) as well as renal function and age were markedly lower. Using multivariable regression analyses, suPAR levels (P < 0.001) remained significant predictors of 48‐h mortality, whereas suPAR levels (P < 0.001) and bacteraemia (P = 0.002 and P = 0.001, respectively) remained significant predictors of 30‐ and 90‐day mortality. Using Kaplan–Meier survival plots, patients with suPAR <9.15 ng mL−1 at SIRS onset had a clear benefit.ConclusionsuPAR plasma level determined at early SIRS is predictive for mortality.
Subthalamic Nuclear Tissue Contrast in Inversion Recovery MRI Decreases with Age in Medically Refractory Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Sarkar Subhendra N. , Sarkar Pooja R. , Papavassiliou Efstathios 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEMRI appearance of subthalamic nucleus (STN) boundaries in Parkinson's patients is often unreliable and not well understood. An objective comparison between FSE T2 and inversion recovery (FSTIR) sequences for stereotactic placement of deep brain stimulators is presented to advance current understanding of STN tissue contrast for refractory Parkinson's disease (PD).METHODSWe imaged 12 PD (age 53‐82) and 12 control patients (age 48‐77) using T2 and FSTIR sequences at 1.5T. To avoid MR contrast variation from hardware and patient dependent sources we used an internal thalamic tissue standard to normalize STN signal intensity and correlated it with patient age for these two groups.RESULTSNormalized FSTIR‐weighted STN contrast decreased with increasing age for PD patients (Spearman Rank correlation = −.5) while remained virtually unchanged for controls with age (Spearman Rank coefficient ≈0). T2‐weighted STN contrast did not show appreciable changes with age for both the groups (Spearman correlation ≈ −.1).CONCLUSIONSSTN, a common stimulation target, shows an age dependent trend for normalized FSTIR MRI contrast. Although larger patient pools are needed, our work points to tissue relaxation‐based changes in STN that may provide insight in early stages of brain pathology involving DBS targets in medically refractory Parkinson's disease.
Glycyrrhizin conjugated chitosan nanoparticles for hepatocyte-targeted delivery of lamivudine
Authors: Mishra Deepak , Jain Nivrati , Rajoriya Vaibhav , Jain Ashish K 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Objective
The present study was focused to prepare controlled release glycyrrhizin (GL) conjugated low molecular weight chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) for liver targeting. The hydrophilic antiretroviral drug lamivudine was chosen as a model drug and encapsulated within glycyrrhizin conjugated low molecular weight chitosan nanoparticles (GL-CS-NPs) for liver specificity.

Methods
First, the low molecular weight chitosan (CS) was synthesized through depolymerization method. The low molecular weight chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by inotropic gelation method. Then glycyrrhizin was conjugated with previously prepared low molecular weight chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) and conjugation was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy.

Key findings
The prepared GL-CS-NPs were characterized using dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy and FT-IR. The encapsulation efficiency and in-vitro drug release behaviour of drug-loaded GL-CS-NPs were studied using ultra violet spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatographic methods. Release of lamivudine from the nanoparticles exhibited a biphasic pattern, initial burst release and consequently sustained release. In-vivo biodistribution study suggested the target ability of GL-CS-NPs is better and haematological study shows decline of the tissue damage in comparison with plain drug solution.

Conclusion
The experimental results show that the glycyrrhizin conjugated LMWC nanoparticles may be used as a potential drug delivery system with hepatocyte-targeting characteristics.
Origin ofOstryopsis intermedia(Betulaceae) in the southeast Qinghai–Tibet Plateau through hybrid speciation
Authors: LU Zhi‐Qiang , TIAN Bin , LIU Bing‐Bing , YANG Chen , LIU Jian‐Quan 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIt remains unknown howOstryopsis intermediaB. Tian & J. Q. Liu (Betulaceae) originated in the SE Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP). We examined sequence variations of two maternally inherited chloroplast (cp) DNA fragments and amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) of 32 populations for this species and two congeners,O. davidianaDecne. andO. nobilisBalf. f. W. W. Sm., distributed in northern China and the SE QTP. Each of the two distinct cpDNA haplotype groups was fixed byO. davidianaorO. intermedia, respectively, whereas both were found inO. nobilis. All analyses of AFLP suggested thatO. intermediais more closely related toO. davidianathan toO. nobilisand Bayesian clustering analysis (K = 2) further suggested that the genomic composition ofO. intermediashowed a slightly mosaic origin from the other two species, although mostly fromO. davidiana. Analyses of AFLP indicated the highest nuclear genetic diversity forO. davidianaand lowest forO. intermedia. The origin ofO. intermediathrough hybrid speciation due to southward migration ofO. davidianaand the following hybridization withO. nobilismay provide the most reasonable explanation for the inconsistency between phylogenetic relationships of three species and degrees of genetic diversity from cpDNA sequences or AFLP datasets.Ostryopsis intermediamay represent one more diploid hybrid species found in the QTP, although further strong tests are needed based on additional data.
Nurses well‐being in intensive care units: study of factors promoting team commitment
Authors: Galletta Maura , Portoghese Igor , Coppola Rosa C , Finco Gabriele , Campagna Marcello 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundIntensive care units (ICUs) are challenging work environments because of the critical condition of patients, and ICU nurses frequently lament low job satisfaction and high staff turnover. Nevertheless, organizational and work characteristics, and the quality of relationships with staff can help to maintain nurses' enthusiasm and increase job satisfaction.AimThe aim of this study was to analyse how nursing work environment factors affect identification and commitment among ICU nurses.DesignA cross‐sectional study was carried out in 12 ICUs from four Italian urban hospitals.MethodA total of 222 nurses participated and completed a self‐reported questionnaire.Results and conclusionResults show that nursing work characteristics are directly related to team commitment, and that the nursing work characteristics and team commitment relationship was mediated by both perceived supervisor support and job satisfaction.Relevance to clinical practiceOur findings may concretely contribute to literature and offer additional suggestions to improve nurses' work conditions and patient health in ICUs.
Toward modulation of the endocannabinoid system for treatment of gastrointestinal disease: FAAHster but not “higher”
Authors: Nasser Y. , Bashashati M. , Andrews C. N. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractCannabis has been used to treat various afflictions throughout the centuries, including nausea, vomiting, and pain. It has also been used recreationally for its psychotropic properties, which can include a pleasurable ‘high’ feeling and a decrease in anxiety and tension; however, other may experience dysphoria. Changes in cognition and psychomotor performance are also well‐known with cannabis use. In recent years, our understanding of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) has progressed dramatically; the objective of identifying agents which may allow modulation of the ECS without significant psychotropic side effects may be possible. Inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), an important enzyme for the degradation of anandamide and other endogenous cannabinoids, is a promising target to achieve this goal. In this issue of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, Fichna and colleagues report on a novel selective FAAH inhibitor, PF‐3845, with potent antinociceptive and antidiarrheal effects in a mouse model. In this context, we briefly review the components of the ECS, discuss pharmacologic targets for indirect cannabinoid receptor stimulation, and describe recent research with cannabinoids for gut disorders.
Does Universalism Entail Extensionalism?
Authors: Cotnoir A. J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDoes a commitment to mereological universalism automatically bring along a commitment to the controversial doctrine of mereological extensionalism—the view that objects with the same proper parts are identical? A recent argument suggests the answer is ‘yes’. This paper attempts a systematic response to the argument, considering nearly every available line of reply. It argues that only one approach—the mutual parts view—can yield a viable mereology where universalism does not entail extensionalism.
Species richness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: associations with grassland plant richness and biomass
Authors: Hiiesalu Inga , Pärtel Meelis , Davison John , Gerhold Pille , Metsis Madis , Moora Mari , Öpik Maarja , Vasar Martti , Zobel Martin , Wilson Scott D. 
Published: March 2014

Summary

Although experiments show a positive association between vascular plant and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) species richness, evidence from natural ecosystems is scarce. Furthermore, there is little knowledge about how AMF richness varies with belowground plant richness and biomass.
We examined relationships among AMF richness, above‐ and belowground plant richness, and plant root and shoot biomass in a native North American grassland. Root‐colonizing AMF richness and belowground plant richness were detected from the same bulk root samples by 454‐sequencing of the AMF SSU rRNA and plant trnL genes.
In total we detected 63 AMF taxa. Plant richness was 1.5 times greater belowground than aboveground. AMF richness was significantly positively correlated with plant species richness, and more strongly with below‐ than aboveground plant richness. Belowground plant richness was positively correlated with belowground plant biomass and total plant biomass, whereas aboveground plant richness was positively correlated only with belowground plant biomass. By contrast, AMF richness was negatively correlated with belowground and total plant biomass.
Our results indicate that AMF richness and plant belowground richness are more strongly related with each other and with plant community biomass than with the plant aboveground richness measures that have been almost exclusively considered to date.
Characterisation of a Swedish cohort with orofacial granulomatosis with or without Crohn's disease
Authors: Gale G , Östman S , Rekabdar E , Torinsson Naluai Å , Högkil K , Hasséus B , Saalman R , Jontell M 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveTo compare oral manifestations in a Swedish cohort of patients with orofacial granulomatosis with or without Crohn′s disease and to assess NOD2 polymorphisms in the two groups.MethodsTwenty‐nine patients with orofacial granulomatosis were included. Demographics, disease history, clinical features and concurrent Crohn′s disease were recorded. DNA was extracted from buccal swabs and examined for NOD2 variants Arg702Trp, Gly908Arg and Leu1007fsinsC, all previously linked to gastrointestinal Crohn′s disease.ResultsTwelve of 29 patients were diagnosed with coexisting gastrointestinal Crohn′s disease, and of whom 21 were males. Symptom duration was significantly longer for the orofacial granulomatosis group com‐pared to the group with coexisting Crohn′s disease (P < 0.0001). The orofacial granulomatosis patients also perceived their overall discomfort, aesthetic problems and social discomfort as more severe. No significant differences in the clinical presentation of oral lesions between the two groups were found. None of the patients with orofacial granulomatosis carried any of the NOD2 variations, whereas four of the 12 patients with coexisting Crohn′s disease had a NOD2 variant (Arg702Trp).ConclusionThe two patient groups had similar phenotypic characteristics but seemed to have genotypic differences regarding NOD2. The Swedish cohort differed in their clinical characteristics from patients reported in other geographical regions.