bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between dairy protein intake and body weight and risk markers of diabetes and CVD during weight maintenance
Authors: Bendtsen Line Q. , Lorenzen Janne K. , Larsen Thomas M. , van Baak Marleen , Papadaki Angeliki , Martinez J. Alfredo , Handjieva-Darlenska Teodora , Jebb Susan A. , Kunešová Marie , Pfeiffer Andreas F. H. , Saris Wim H. M. , Astrup Arne , Raben Anne 
Published: October 2013

Dairy products have previously been reported to be associated with beneficial effects on body weight and metabolic risk markers. Moreover, primary data from the Diet, Obesity and Genes (DiOGenes) study indicate a weight-maintaining effect of a high-protein–low-glycaemic index diet. The objective of the present study was to examine putative associations between consumption of dairy proteins and changes in body weight and metabolic risk markers after weight loss in obese and overweight adults. Results were based on secondary analyses of data obtained from overweight and obese adults who completed the DiOGenes study. The study consisted of an 8-week weight-loss phase and a 6-month weight-maintenance (WM) phase, where the subjects were given five different diets varying in protein content and glycaemic index. In the present study, data obtained from all the subjects were pooled. Dairy protein intake was estimated from 3 d dietary records at two time points (week 4 and week 26) during the WM phase. Body weight and metabolic risk markers were determined at baseline (week − 9 to − 11) and before and at the end of the WM phase (week 0 and week 26). Overall, no significant associations were found between consumption of dairy proteins and changes in body weight and metabolic risk markers. However, dairy protein intake tended to be negatively associated with body weight gain (P= 0·08; β = − 0·17), but this was not persistent when controlled for total protein intake, which indicates that dairy protein adds no additional effect to the effect of total protein. Therefore, the present study does not report that dairy proteins are more favourable than other proteins for body weight regulation.
THE PHILOSOPHY OF FRANCIS BACON IN EARLY JACOBEAN OXFORD, WITH AN EDITION OF AN UNKNOWN MANUSCRIPT OF THEVALERIUS TERMINUS
Authors: SERJEANTSON RICHARD 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTAt some point in or shortly after 1607, the opening passage of Francis Bacon's earliest surviving philosophical work,Valerius Terminus of the interpretation of nature – the first version of what ultimately became Bacon'sInstauratio magna – was copied into the natural philosophical notebook of Edmund Leigh (c. 1585–1658), a Bachelor of Arts at Brasenose College, Oxford. Whereas contemporary scribal copies of Bacon's political, religious, and legal writings are common, copies of his unpublished philosophical writings are rare, and tend only to be found in unique exemplars with a direct Baconian association. As such, theValerius Terminushas hitherto only been known from a single manuscript, with corrections in Bacon's hand, that was first printed in 1734. The discovery of a ‘user’ copy in a student notebook is therefore significant for what it suggests about the circulation of Bacon's earliest philosophical ideas. This significance is enhanced by the fact that the new copy appears to record an early draft of Bacon's work.
XVI.—Dual Series Relations. III. Dual Relations Involving Trigonometric Series
Authors: Srivastav R. P. 
Published: October 2013

SynopsisThe methods developed in I, II of this series of papers are applied to a solution of a variety of dual series relations involving trigonometric series. In general the problem is reduced to one of solving (usually by numerical methods) a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind for an auxiliary function g(t), but for certain values of the parameters it is possible to obtain analytical solutions of the integral equations and these cases are considered in detail.
The legitimacy of transnational NGOs: lessons from the experience of Transparency International in Germany and France
Authors: GUTTERMAN ELLEN 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis article develops theoretical insights concerning the legitimacy of non-profit Transnational Non-Governmental Organisations (TNGOs) in global governance. The research compares the advocacy initiatives of Transparency International (TI), the leading TNGO in the international regime of anti-corruption, in Germany and France during the 1990s. The main argument is that the legitimacy of TNGOs is a relational concept: it is granted or denied in a relationship between at least two parties, in which actor attributes play a role but are not decisive. Only such a relational conception can explain why a given TNGO is granted legitimacy in one context and denied it in another. In addition, legitimacy matters. Although insufficient on its own, legitimacy is a necessary condition for effective advocacy, which TNGOs can generate endogenously. To the extent that the legitimacy of TNGOs depends on their acceptance by dominant groups and powerful decision-makers, therefore, ‘legitimate’ TNGOs may function to sustain rather than challenge the structures of power which condition global outcomes in ways that are often contrary to the goals of equality, fairness, and justice. Thus to assess the impact of TNGOs in global governance, one must examinewhichTNGOs have been granted (or denied) legitimacy and influence, andwhy.
Mandarin-speaking three-year-olds' demonstration of productive knowledge of syntax: evidence from syntactic productivity and structural priming with the SVO-baalternation
Authors: HSU DONG-BO 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTTwo studies investigated syntactic productivity in three-year-old Mandarin speakers' use of verbs in the SVO and SbaOV constructions. In Study 1, children were taught novel verbs in one construction and assessed for their production in the other construction. Children produced verbs taught in thebaconstructions in SVO utterances, but showed order effects when producing verbs taught in SVO constructions inbautterances. In Study 2, children described animated scenes either with structural priming (i.e., after hearing verbs in SVO orbaconstructions). Children demonstrated structural priming, producing more SVO andbautterances, respectively, directly after hearing verbs in these constructions. These results indicate that Mandarin speaking three-year-olds demonstrate productive knowledge of both SVO and SbaOV constructions. Their ability to override the predominant input frequency of SVO runs counter to a purely usage-based account of early acquisition of grammar.
Armstrongite from the Strange Lake Alkalic Complex, on the Quebec – Labrador Boundary, Canada
Authors: Jambor John L. , Roberts Andrew C. , Grice Joel D. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTabular untwinned crystals of colorless transparent armstrongite from the Strange Lake Alkalic Complex, on the Quebec – Labrador boundary, Canada are monoclinic, space group choices I2/m, I2, Im (diffraction aspect I*/*), with refined unit-cell parameters a = 13.599 (9), b = 14.114(9), c = 7.833 (4) Å, β = 103.41 (5)°, V = 1462.4 (±3.0) Å3. a:b:c = 0.9635:1:0.5550, Z = 4 and D(x) = 2.696 g/cm3. A fully indexed X-ray powder pattern is presented. Averaged electron-microprobe analyses suggest a theoretical formula of CaZrSi6O15 · 3 H2O. The Strange Lake armstrongite is biaxial negative, α = 1.567 (1), β = 1.576 (1), γ = 1.577 (1), 2V (meas.) = 39 (1)°, 2V (calc.) = 37°, Z∥b, X Λc = +4°, with no absorption and weak dispersion r < v.
Thermal and Mechanical Instabilities in the Alignment of Bragg-Brentano Parafocussing Powder Diffractometers
Authors: Brown G. , Wood I. G. , Nicholls L. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractUsing a standard laboratory X-ray powder diffractometer under very stable environmental conditions, it has been found that measurements of the positions and heights of sharp diffraction maxima can be made with a precision of order 2 × 10 −4° in 2θ and 0.1% in height (for ∼ 2 × 105 counts per point at the peak). Under normal conditions, however, displacements of order 0.02° in 2θ and 3% in height are observed. These shifts have been attributed to changes in the diffraction geometry, in particular the sourcedivergence slit configuration, brought about by changes in ambient temperature and by changes in the temperature of the liquid used to cool the X-ray tube.
New Crystal Data for Mo.63Ru.37(Mo5Ru3) A Superconducting Sigma Phase
Authors: Rasmussen Svend Erik , Lundtoft Britta 
Published: October 2013

AbstractNew crystal data for the intermetallic sigma phase in the Mo-Ru-system are reported and the indexing of the pattern given in the Powder Diffraction File has been extended. The material is tetragonal, P42/mnm (No. 136) with a = 9.5652(4) Å; c = 4.9362(3) Å; Vol = 451.63(7) Å3, Dc= 10.79 Mg m−3for the composition Mo.63Ru.37, and a = 9.5569(21) Å; c = 4.9418(20) Å; Vol = 451.35(38) Å3, Dc= 10.75 Mg m−3for Mo.70Ru.30.Powder data were obtained by the Guinier method and the indexing was corroborated by single crystal data. Transition to the superconducting state took place in the interval 6.8 K – 8.8 K.
Canadian Operational and Emotional Prehospital Readiness for a Tactical Violence Event
Authors: Kollek Daniel , Welsford Michelle , Wanger Karen 
Published: October 2013

Abstract Providing prehospital care poses unique risks. Paramedics are essentially the only medical personnel who are routinely at the scene of violent episodes, and they are more likely to be assaulted than are other prehospital personnel. In addition to individual acts of violence, emergency medical services (EMS) providers now need to cope with tactical violence, defined as the deployment of extreme violence in a non-random fashion to achieve tactical or strategic goals. This study reviewed two topics; the readiness of EMS crews for violence in their environment and the impact of violence on the EMS crew member. This latter also evaluated the access and effectiveness of emotional support available to caregivers exposed to violent episodes.The results of the survey indicate a significant lack of preparedness for situations involving tactical violence. A total of 89% of respondents either had never had such training or had been trained more than one year ago. Thirty-six percent of respondents had never engaged in a field exercise with other responding agencies, and 4.5% of respondents were not aware of who would be in charge in such an event. In addition, this study indicates that EMS crews are exposed to events with significant emotional impacts without access to appropriate training and adequate support.
Use of Alternate Healthcare Facilities as Alternate Transport Destinations during a Mass-Casualty Incident
Authors: Glassman Erik S. , Parrillo Steven J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this discussion is to review the use of destinations other than the hospital emergency department, to transport patients injured as a result of a mass-casualty incident (MCI). A MCI has the ability to overwhelm traditional hospital resources normally thought of as appropriate destinations for the transport of injured patients. As a result, those with less severe injuries often are required to wait before they can receive definitive treatment. This waiting period, either at the scene of the incident or in the emergency department, can increase morbidity and drain resources that can be better directed toward the transport and care of those more severely injured. Potential alternate transport destinations include physician office buildings, ambulatory care centers, ambulatory surgery centers, and urgent care centers. By allowing for transport to alternate locations, these less severely injured patients can be removed rapidly from the scene, treated, and potentially released. This effort can decrease the strain on traditional resources within the system, better allowing these resources to treat more seriously injured patients.
Whither East Asian Regionalism? China's Pragmatism and Community Building Rhetoric
Authors: TSAI TUNG-CHIEH , LIU TONY TAI-TING 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDespite numerous published writings on China's regional role, the world still knows very little about Beijing's perception and strategy. This article seeks to make an intellectual contribution in understanding China's foreign policy and its efforts to participate in East Asian integration. This article argues that under the rhetoric of peaceful development and community building, China's foreign policy is pragmatic and changes with the tide of events in international relations. China's participation in regional integration serves as a good case for examining changes in Beijing's strategy. In the past two decades, China has moved from a reluctant participant of regional affairs to an active participant and potential future leader. China's adjusting role is a consequence of Beijing's pragmatism in policy and its growing economic confidence. Pragmatism has led China to ‘hide its light under a bushel’ and wait for the proper timing to step onto the world stage.
From Media Technologies That Reproduce Seconds to Media Technologies That Reproduce Thirds: A Peircean Perspective on Stylistic Fidelity and Style-Reproducing Computerized Algorithms
Authors: Wilf Eitan Y. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAgainst the backdrop of a long research tradition in linguistic and semiotic anthropology that has focused almost exclusively on media technologies that reproduce Seconds, that is, specific texts in modalities such as sound and the visual image, this article focuses on media technologies that reproduce Thirds, that is, generative dispositions responsible for the production of such Seconds. It explores contemporary attempts in the United States and France to develop computerized systems that, with the aid of specific algorithms, can abstract and enact the styles of different past jazz masters, as well as the styles of players who interactively improvise with such systems in real time. Drawing on Peircean semiotics, the article offers an analysis of these media technologies, their present application in the field of online consumption, and the cultural specificity of the Third that plays a key role in their development and reception, namely, style.
The Natural History of Branching: Approaches to the Phenomenology of Firstness, Secondness, and Thirdness
Authors: Sonesson Göran 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn the present essay the author sets out to reflect on the notions of Firstness, Secondness, and Thirdness, pursuing the research beyond what is directly given in Peirce’s writings. For the purpose, Peircean phenomenology is considered to be a special variety of the Husserlian kind, because it restricts possible phenomena to threesomes and also attributes special contents to the three categories. The first restriction means that Peirce’s theory is a kind of structuralism, although a triadic one, whereas the second restriction implies that it is not merely formal. In the present essay, specific, primitive meanings are assigned to each of the categories, and they are seen to be similar in form to the dyads and triads of social psychology. At the end, signs are considered to be special kinds of Thirds, and an attempt is made to elucidate what hypo-icons owe to Firstness, Secondness, and Thirdness.
Incidence and Pathogen Distribution of Healthcare-Associated Infections in Pilot Hospitals in Egypt
Authors: See Isaac , Lessa Fernanda C. , ElAta Omar Abo , Hafez Soad , Samy Karim , El-Kholy Amani , Anani Mervat Gaber El , Ismail Ghada , Kandeel Amr , Galal Ramy , Ellingson Katherine , Talaat Maha 
Published: October 2013

Objective.To report type and rates of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) as well as pathogen distribution and antimicrobial resistance patterns from a pilot HAI surveillance system in Egypt.Methods.Prospective surveillance was conducted from April 2011 through March 2012 in 46 intensive care units (ICUs) in Egypt. Definitions were adapted from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Healthcare Safety Network. Trained healthcare workers identified HAIs and recorded data on clinical symptoms and up to 4 pathogens. A convenience sample of clinical isolates was tested for antimicrobial resistance at a central reference laboratory. Multidrug resistance was defined by international consensus criteria.Results.ICUs from 11 hospitals collected 90,515 patient-days of surveillance data. Of 472 HAIs identified, 47% were pneumonia, 22% were bloodstream infections, and 15% were urinary tract infections; case fatality among HAI case patients was 43%. The highest rate of device-associated infections was reported for ventilator-associated pneumonia (pooled mean rate, 7.47 cases per 1,000 ventilator-days). The most common pathogens reported were Acinetobacter species (21.8%) and Klebsiella species (18.4%). All Acinetobacter isolates tested (31/31) were multidrug resistant, and 71% (17/24) of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were extended-spectrum β-lactamase producers.Conclusions.Infection control priorities in Egypt should include preventing pneumonia and preventing infections due to antimicrobial-resistant pathogens.
Discriminative motif analysis of high-throughput dataset
Authors: Yao Zizhen , MacQuarrie Kyle L. , Fong Abraham P. , Tapscott Stephen J. , Ruzzo Walter L. , Gentleman Robert C. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Motivation: High-throughput ChIP-seq studies typically identify thousands of peaks for a single transcription factor (TF). It is common for traditional motif discovery tools to predict motifs that are statistically significant against a naïve background distribution but are of questionable biological relevance.
Results: We describe a simple yet effective algorithm for discovering differential motifs between two sequence datasets that is effective in eliminating systematic biases and scalable to large datasets. Tested on 207 ENCODE ChIP-seq datasets, our method identifies correct motifs in 78% of the datasets with known motifs, demonstrating improvement in both accuracy and efficiency compared with DREME, another state-of-art discriminative motif discovery tool. More interestingly, on the remaining more challenging datasets, we identify common technical or biological factors that compromise the motif search results and use advanced features of our tool to control for these factors. We also present case studies demonstrating the ability of our method to detect single base pair differences in DNA specificity of two similar TFs. Lastly, we demonstrate discovery of key TF motifs involved in tissue specification by examination of high-throughput DNase accessibility data.
Availability: The motifRG package is publically available via the bioconductor repository.
Contact: yzizhen@fhcrc.org
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
TRAF6 is a critical regulator of LMP1 functionsin vivo
Authors: Arcipowski Kelly M. , Stunz Laura L. , Bishop Gail A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractEBV-encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is critical for EBV-driven B-cell transformation and most EBV-associated malignancies and is also implicated in exacerbation of autoimmunity. LMP1 functionally mimics the TNFR superfamily member CD40, but LMP1-induced signals and downstream B-cell functions are amplified and sustained compared with those mediated by CD40. CD40 and LMP1 both depend upon TNFR-associated factor (TRAF) adaptor molecules to mediate signaling but use them differently. LMP1 is dependent upon TRAFs 3 and 5 to deliver B-cell activation signals, while CD40 predominantly uses TRAFs 2 and 6 for this purpose. Both LMP1 and CD40 functions in B cells require TRAF6, which physically associates with both receptors but via different binding sites. In B-cell CD40 signaling, TRAF6 is required for a particular subset of CD40-dependent immune functions in vivo. Inasmuch as CD40 and LMP1 use other TRAFs differentially, we predicted that TRAF6 is critical for a specific subset of LMP1 functions in vivo and that this subset will be overlapping but distinct from the TRAF6-requiring functions of CD40. This study tests this prediction using a B-cell-specific TRAF6-deficient mouse model. We found that B-cell TRAF6 is important for LMP1-mediated antibody and autoantibody production in mice, as well as germinal center formation, but not the secondary lymphoid organ enlargement that results from LMP1 transgenic expression. Results highlight differential TRAF6 requirements for specific B-cell functions by LMP1 versus CD40. These differences may make important contributions to the contrasts between normally regulated CD40 versus pathogenic LMP1-mediated signals.
Impact of Eating Restriction on Gastrointestinal Motility in Adolescents With IBS
Authors: van Tilburg Miranda A.L. , Fortunato John E. , Squires Megan , Drossman Douglas A. , Dalton Christine , Lichtman Steve , Whitehead William E. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTObjective:Gastrointestinal disturbances as a result of changes in eating patterns have been described in eating disorders. Many patients who experience irritable bowel syndrome report changes in eating patterns as a way to cope with their symptoms. Little is known about the consequences of these practices. The aim of this study was to explore whether repeated eating restriction (defined as not eating ≥4 hours while hungry) is associated with motility disturbances.Methods:Of 17 patients with irritable bowel syndrome, subjects were divided into those who habitually restrict their eating (n = 8) and those without eating restriction (n = 9) (age range 15–21, mean 19.2; 64.7% girls). Whole‐gut transit time was measured by radiopaque markers, gastric sensitivity was measured by water load test (drinking max of 800 mL of water in 5 minutes or until full), and gastric dysrhythmias by an electrogastrogram.Results:Restrictors drank less water (mean 464.4 mL) than nonrestrictors (mean 613 mL; P = 0.02). No difference was found in gastric dysrhythmias (62.5% vs 77.8%; P = 0.5). Whole‐gut transit tended to be slower in the restrictors (mean 51.0 hours) than in nonrestrictors (mean 37.5 hours), but this was not significant.Conclusions:Eating restriction appears to be associated with increased gastric sensation. More data are needed from larger studies to determine whether eating behaviors are associated with other motility disturbances.
Source of finance and small enterprise's productivity growth in Ghana
Authors: Osei-Assibey Eric 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of nature and a range of institutional sources of start-up finance on micro and small enterprises' (MSEs) productivity growth in Ghana.

Design/methodology/approach
– Using a unique non-farm household enterprise survey data from Ghana, this paper estimated TFP or Solow residual as a proxy for MSEs' productivity growth as well as other for robustness checks.

Findings
– After controlling for firm-level characteristics such as size, age, ownership type, etc. the study finds that debt finance was positively associated with productivity growth, while financing from donation or charity did not. Second, this paper found significant positive associations between a more formal financing source such as formal and semi-formal financing sources and MSE's productivity growth. This finding was robustly confirmed by manager's growth perception. Further, compared to internal finance, external financing sources were found to be positively associated with productivity growth – indicating complementarities among all external financing sources.

Research limitations/implications
– Further research will be needed to validate these results, particularly using enterprise ongoing finance or working capital rather than start-up capital.

Originality/value
– The study contributes to the finance literature by studying the impact of nature and institutional financing sources on MSEs' productivity growth in the African context.