bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel double-antibody sandwich ELISA based on monoclonal antibodies against the viral spike protein detects porcine deltacoronavirus infection
Authors: Bai Yingjie , Yu Ruiming , Zhou Guangqing , Zhang Liping , Wang TianTian , Liu Ya , Wang Dongsheng , Zhang Zhongwang , Wang Yonglu , Guo Huichen , Pan Li , Liu Xinsheng 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a significant emerging pathogen that causes severe enteric disease in swine, and therefore significant economic losses in the pig farming industry. Here, we developed a novel double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) based on two monoclonal antibodies directed against the PDCoV spike protein. These two monoclonal antibodies were obtained through hybridoma fusion and screening, and they can specifically react with the PDCoV spike protein. The detection limits of the DAS-ELISA for the recombinant spike protein and viral titer were approximately 0.12 ng/mL and 1.96 × 10³ copies/μL, respectively. The DAS-ELISA did not cross-react with other swine enteric coronaviruses, including porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, transmissible gastroenteritis virus, or porcine rotavirus. A total of 145 rectal swab samples were collected and tested for the presence of PDCoV with the DAS-ELISA and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The coincidence rate between the DAS-ELISA and RT-qPCR was 91.03%, with a kappa value of 0.814, indicating that the DAS-ELISA is a reliable method for viral antigen detection in clinical samples. DAS-ELISA had a sensitivity of 92.85% and a specificity of 89.89%. The positive predictive value and negative predictive value of this method are 85.25% and 95.24%, respectively. Furthermore, the DAS-ELISA can also be used to detect the spike protein in PDCoV vaccines, making it a valuable tool for assessing the efficacy of PDCoV vaccines.

IMPORTANCE
Since 2014, porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) has spread widely across multiple countries and regions, causing significant economic losses to the global livestock industry. Currently, no commercially available vaccine exists for the prevention of PDCoV infection; therefore, accurate and effective diagnostic methods are crucial for its control and prevention. In this study, the PDCoV S protein expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells was used to immunize mice, and a novel double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) was established based on two monoclonal antibodies. The DAS-ELISA had high sensitivity, good repeatability, strong specificity, and high consistency for detecting clinical samples and spike protein in PDCoV vaccines. Therefore, the DAS-ELISA established in this study may be a reliable and effective tool for detecting PDCoV infection and the efficacy of PDCoV vaccines.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and risk of suicidality among patients with type 2 diabetes: active comparator, new user cohort study
Authors: Shapiro Samantha B , Yin Hui , Yu Oriana Hoi Yun , Rej Soham , Suissa Samy , Azoulay Laurent 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
To determine whether the use of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists is associated with an increased risk of suicidal ideation, self-harm, and suicide among patients with type 2 diabetes compared with the use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors or sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors.

Design
Active comparator, new user cohort study.

Setting
Primary care practices contributing data to the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink linked to the Hospital Episodes Statistics Admitted Patient Care and Office for National Statistics Death Registration databases.

Participants
Patients with type 2 diabetes.

Exposures
Two cohorts were assembled, with the first composed of patients who started and continued on GLP-1 receptor agonists or DPP-4 inhibitors between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2020 and the second composed of patients who started and continued on GLP-1 receptor agonists or SGLT-2 inhibitors between 1 January 1 2013 and 31 December 2020. Both cohorts were followed until 29 March 2021.

Main outcome measures
The primary outcome was suicidality, defined as a composite of suicidal ideation, self-harm, and suicide. Secondary outcomes were each of these events considered separately. Propensity score fine stratification weighted Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to estimate the average treatment effect among the treated patients.

Results

The first cohort included 36 082 GLP-1 receptor agonist users (median follow-up 1.3 years) and 234 028 DPP-4 inhibitor users (median follow-up 1.7 years). In crude analyses, GLP-1 receptor agonist use was associated with an increased incidence of suicidality compared with DPP-4 inhibitors (crude incidence rates 3.9
v
1.8 per 1000 person years, respectively; hazard ratio 2.08, 95% CI 1.83 to 2.36). This estimate decreased to a null value after confounding factors were accounted for (hazard ratio 1.02, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.23). The second cohort included 32 336 GLP-1 receptor agonist users (median follow-up 1.2 years) and 96 212 SGLT-2 inhibitor users (median follow-up 1.2 years). Similarly, GLP-1 receptor agonist use was associated with an increased risk of suicidality compared with SGLT-2 inhibitors in crude analyses (crude incidence rates 4.3
v
2.7 per 1000 person years; hazard ratio 1.60, 95% CI 1.37 to 1.87) but not after confounding factors were accounted for (0.91, 0.73 to 1.12). Similar findings were observed when suicidal ideation, self-harm, and suicide were analysed separately in both cohorts.

Conclusions
In this large cohort study, the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists was not associated with an increased risk of suicidality compared with the use of DPP-4 inhibitors or SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Patient safety incident reporting systems and reporting practices in African healthcare organisations: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fekadu Gelana , Muir Rachel , Tobiano Georgia , Ireland Michael J , Engidaw Melaku Tadege , Marshall Andrea P 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundPatient safety incident reporting and learning systems are crucial for improving the safety and quality of healthcare. However, comprehensive evidence of their availability and use in African healthcare organisations is lacking. Therefore, this review aims to synthesise the existing literature on these systems and reporting practices within African healthcare organisations.MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Five electronic databases, including PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) via EBSCOhost, Scopus, Web of Science and the Excerpta Medica Database (Embase), were searched to identify relevant records. Peer-reviewed articles and guidelines published in English were included in this review. Quality appraisal was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute and Quality Assessment with Diverse Studies tool. A random effects model was used to compute the pooled prevalence using Stata V.17.0.ResultsA systematic search retrieved 9279 records, of which 39 (36 articles and 3 guidelines) were included in this review. Eight patient safety incident reporting and learning systems were identified, with compliance rates ranging from low (16%) to high (87%) based on the WHO criteria. The pooled prevalence of patient safety incident reporting practices was 48% (95% CI 40% to 56%). However, the studies exhibited high heterogeneity (I²=98.75%, p<0.001).ConclusionIn African healthcare organisations, it is imperative to establish robust patient safety incident reporting and learning systems, as none of the existing systems fully meet WHO criteria. In addition, optimising the existing systems and encouraging healthcare professionals to improve reporting practices will enhance patient safety and outcomes.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023455168.
E-twenty-six-specific sequence variant 5 (ETV5) facilitates hepatocellular carcinoma progression and metastasis through enhancing polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cell (PMN-MDSC)-mediated immunosuppression
Authors: Zhang Zerui , Huang Wenjie , Hu Dian , Jiang Junqing , Zhang Jiaqian , Wu Zhangfan , Wen Junjie , Luo Xiangyuan , Wang Yijun , Sun Mengyu , Li Siwen , Wang Yufei , Liu Danfei , Chen Xiaoping , Zhang Bixiang , Liang Huifang , Li Yiwei , Liu Bifeng , Wang Shuai , Xu Xiao , Nie Yongzhan , Wu Kaichun , Fan Daiming , Xia Limin 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundDespite the success of immune checkpoint blockade, a lack of understanding of the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) immune microenvironment impedes its development.ObjectiveWe aim to elucidate the essential function of E-twenty-six-specific sequence variant 5 (ETV5) in regulating the immune microenvironment in HCC.DesignHumanised mouse models, murine orthotopic models and diethylnitrosamine/carbon tetrachloride (DEN/CCl4)-induced HCC models were used to examine the function of ETV5. The downstream targets of ETV5 were screened using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, CUT&Tag and RNA sequencing. Immune cells were examined using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S100A9) was targeted by neutralising antibodies.ResultsOverexpression of ETV5 in HCC cells facilitated HCC metastasis and immune escape by recruiting and enhancing the immunosuppressive capabilities of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs). Mechanistically, ETV5 transactivated programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and S100A9 expression. Inhibition of S100A9 or myeloid-specific knockout of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE), the receptors of S100A9, impeded ETV5-induced PMN-MDSC recruitment. Meanwhile, S100A9 within the tumour microenvironment elevated ETV5 expression via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/nuclear factor-kappa B pathway. Additionally, ETV5 transcriptionally upregulated PD-L1 in MDSCs as well, thereby augmenting their immunosuppressive functions. Myeloid-specificEtv5knockout attenuated HCC progression. We developed monoclonal neutralising-S100A9 antibodies that effectively inhibited ETV5-mediated PMN-MDSC infiltration. Synergistic application of anti-S100A9 or TLR4/RAGE inhibitors with anti-PD-L1 therapy significantly suppressed ETV5-mediated HCC progression.ConclusionETV5 facilitates HCC progression and metastasis by promoting the recruitment, infiltration and activation of PMN-MDSCs. Synergistic application of anti-S100A9 or TLR4/RAGE inhibitors with anti-PD-L1 therapy holds great promise as an effective combinational treatment strategy for ETV5-positive HCC.
If you provide them, they will come: an observational study of online pathology report access by patients at a large, academic, tertiary care hospital in Canada
Authors: Ranot Jacob , Noghani Pedram , Rothwell Deanna , Wasserman Jason K 
Published: February 2025

AimsPatients of The Ottawa Hospital (TOH) are given immediate access to their pathology reports via an online patient portal. The purpose of this study was to determine how often patients accessed their reports, the sociodemographic and pathologic variables associated with access and the latency between sign out and access.MethodsThis retrospective cross-sectional observational study was conducted on the first 250 consecutive pathology reports published in 2023 from 10 different subspecialties in anatomical pathology at TOH. Data regarding date/time of report publication and access, as well as demographic data, and variables related to the individual report contents were extracted from the hospital’s electronic health records.ResultsOf the 2500 patients included in this study, 1315 (52.6%) accessed their report online. Patients under 65 years of age, female patients and those residing within Ottawa were more likely to access their reports. Biopsies and reports with malignant diagnoses were accessed at higher rates than resections and benign cases, respectively. 463 (36.0%) patients accessed their reports within 24 hours; 822 (68.5%) accessed them within the first week. In 53% of cases, the patient accessed their report before the treating physician.ConclusionsThese findings highlight that while over half of patients accessed their pathology reports online, significant differences in access rates were observed based on age, gender, location and report type. The high proportion of patients reviewing their reports before their treating physician underscores the need for patient-centred strategies to enhance understanding and support timely communication of results.
Transradial cerebral angiography: predicting left ICA selective angiography success using pre-diagnostic aortic arch factors
Authors: Eun Jin , Song Seung Yoon , Im Sang Hyuk , Park Hae Kwan 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundTransradial cerebral angiography (TRA) is a convenient but challenging procedure, particularly for selecting the left internal carotid artery (ICA) and vertebral artery.ObjectiveTo predict the selection of the left ICA using CT and MR images acquired before TRA.MethodsOverall, 306 patients with TRA were enrolled and divided into either the group with success (264 patients) or the failure (42 patients) group. The following anatomical factors were measured: A1 (subclavian artery angle), A2 (right subclavian–innominate artery angle), A3 (innominate–left common carotid artery angle), D1 (aorta to right subclavian artery length), and D2 (innominate-to-left common carotid artery length).ResultsThe median values for A1, A2, A3, D1, and D2 were 81.57° (IQR 69.26–94.14), 147.03° (125.73–161.09), 24.73 (15.85–37.72°), 34.73 mm (29.68–38.48), and 13.15 mm (11.33–15.64), respectively, with significant differences observed between the successful and failure groups in A3 (26.88° vs 15.50°; P<0.001), D1 (34.24 mm vs 37.62 mm; P<0.001), and D2 (12.78 mm vs 14.91 mm; P<0.001). The aortic arch type did not affect success (P=0.134), while patients in the failure group were significantly older (P<0.001). A predictive logistic regression model was developed, revealing differing factor impacts when controlling variables. The model (area under the curve 0.87) highlights data complexity and enables user-friendly prediction of left ICA-selective TRA success (https://je0000000342227505.shinyapps.io/icatra/).ConclusionThis study demonstrated that the success of left ICA selective angiography can be predicted using aortic arch images, providing a basis for the extension of TRA.
Long-term maintenance of mycophenolate mofetil in anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis (LEARN): a multicentre, open-label, blinded-endpoint, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Gong Xue , Liu Yue , Ma Yaru , Yan Bo , An Dongmei , Guo Yonghua , Liu Xu , Li Xingjie , Cai Linjun , Deng Xiaolin , Zhou Dong , Li Jin-Mei , Hong Zhen 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundAnti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis (NMDARE) is a severe autoimmune disorder with high morbidity and mortality. Current treatments have limitations including relapse, highlighting the need for effective maintenance therapy. This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) as long-term adjunctive therapy to first-line treatment in newly diagnosed patients with NMDARE.MethodsWe conducted a prospective, randomised, open-label trial in four academic centres in China. Patients aged 14 and older with acute NMDARE, who received first-line treatments within 2 weeks of presentation to the hospital and had a modified Rankin scale (mRS) score of 2 or more, were recruited. Participants were randomly assigned to receive first-line treatment with or without MMF (0.5 g two times per day for 24 months). Primary outcomes included relapse rates and time to relapse, with secondary outcomes including cognitive deficits, treatment response (the proportion of patients with≥1 point improvement in mRS within 4 weeks) and adverse events (AEs).ResultsOf 100 patients (52% female; median age 27), those in the MMF group had fewer relapses (5.9% vs 26.5%; p=0.006) and better treatment response (84.3% vs 65.3%; p=0.03). No significant difference was found in long-term functional prognosis at 12 and 24 months. However, MMF patients had less fatigue, cognitive impairment, depression and seizures. AEs were mild-to-moderate, with no deaths or anaphylactic reactions.ConclusionsThis study provides Class II evidence that long-term adjunctive treatment of MMF to first-line treatment of NMDARE resulted in a lower risk of relapse and was well tolerated beyond the 24 months of treatment.Trial registration numberChiCTR2100044362.
Online retailer noncompliance to e-cigarette excise tax and tobacco licensing laws
Authors: Mejorado Tomas , Ellis Shannon , Harati Raquel M , Satybaldiyeva Nora , Benitez Gustavo , Austin Emily A C , Leas Eric C 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionTax non-compliance by online vaping retailers undermines excise taxes designed to reduce vaping rates and fund prevention efforts. Despite California’s 12.5% Electronic Cigarette Excise Tax and federal mandates under the Prevent All Cigarette Trafficking Act, online vaping retailers’ adherence to excise taxes remains unclear. This study assessed excise tax compliance among online vaping retailers shipping products to California consumers.Methods156 purchase attempts were made from n=78 online vaping retailers shipping to San Diego residential addresses. 16 buyers used their personal billing information and residential addresses. Receipts obtained from their purchases were analysed to determine if retailers charged the required 12.5% tax. Retailer licensing status was verified by comparing retailer information to the state’s licensed business list using geolocation and approximate string matching. Differences in compliance rates were compared using χ2and Fisher’s exact tests.ResultsOf the n=58 retailers with receipts, 84.5% did not charge the required excise tax. In-state retailers were more likely to be (p<0.001) licensed than out-of-state (4.0%) or international (0.0%), but tax compliance rates did not significantly differ by retailer location (p=0.57)—intrastate (19.2%), interstate (16.7%) or international (0.0%). Licensed retailers had higher tax compliance (27.3%) than unlicensed ones (9.1%); however, overall compliance was low.DiscussionMany online vape retailers fail to comply with California’s excise tax and licensing laws. Low compliance rates indicate existing enforcement mechanisms are not optimised for online sales. Enhancing oversight and enforcement of excise tax laws for online retailers is crucial to reduce tax non-compliance, prevent revenue loss and support public health.
SOC Estimation in Lithium Ion Batteries using a Hybrid Gated Residual Wavenet with LSTM-GRU Network Across Varying Temperatures
Authors: Sridharan Supriya , Venkataraman Swaminathan , Raja S. P. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Estimating the State of Charge in lithium-ion batteries is vital for enhancing efficiency, ensuring safety, and prolonging lifespan but remains complex due to temperature fluctuations, aging impacts, nonlinear behaviour, dynamic loads, and long-term precision requirements. To address these complexities, this study proposes a novel hybrid model combining Residual WaveNet, Gated Recurrent Units, and Long Short-Term Memory networks for SOC estimation. The model leverages lagged features to capture temporal dependencies, which are crucial for understanding how past states of the battery influence future behavior. By integrating both past and present data points, the model maximizes the use of time series information, allowing it to identify important patterns and trends that enhance predictive accuracy. Residual WaveNet captures complex temporal patterns and long-range dependencies, particularly those influenced by temperature variations, using dilated convolutions and residual connections. GRUs improve the efficiency of processing sequential data, while LSTMs handle long-term dependencies effectively, ensuring the model can accurately predict future SOC across varying conditions. The proposed model’s efficacy is evaluated using a LG18650HG2 Li-ion battery and the results indicate the proposed attains higher accuracy and minimum RMSE. The proposed model undergoes various performance analyses across different temperatures and its effectiveness surpasses that of other comparative methods.
Functional reprogramming of neutrophils within the brain tumor microenvironment by hypoxia-driven histone lactylation
Authors: Ugolini Alessio , De Leo Alessandra , Yu Xiaoqing , Scirocchi Fabio , Liu Xiaoxian , Peixoto Barbara , Scocozza Delia , Pace Angelica , Perego Michela , Gardini Alessandro , D'Angelo Luca , Liu James K C. , Etame Arnold B. , Rughetti Aurelia , Nuti Marianna , Santoro Antonio , Vogelbaum Michael A. , Conejo-Garcia Jose R. , Rodriguez Paulo C. , Veglia Filippo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Despite functional heterogeneity, high frequency of intratumoral neutrophils predicts poor clinical outcomes. The tumor microenvironment reprograms neutrophils into immunosuppressive subsets that hinder anti-cancer immunity, thereby contributing to tumor growth and resistance to immunotherapies. However, the mechanisms underlying neutrophil reprogramming remain elusive. Here, we report that the immunosuppressive ability of brain tumor-infiltrating neutrophils was restricted to a highly glycolytic and long-lived subset expressing CD71, which acquired immunosuppressive properties in response to hypoxia. Mechanistically, hypoxia boosted glucose metabolism in CD71+neutrophils, leading to high lactate production. Lactate caused histone lactylation, which subsequently regulated arginase-1 expression, required for T cell suppression. Targeting histone lactylation with the anti-epileptic drug isosafrole blocked CD71+neutrophil immunosuppressive ability, delayed tumor progression and sensitized brain tumors to immunotherapy. A distinctive gene signature characterizing immunosuppressive CD71+neutrophils correlated with adverse clinical outcomes across diverse human malignancies. This study identifies histone lactylation as a potential therapeutic target to counteract neutrophil-induced immunosuppression within tumors.
Transformation of Public Administration in Zambia
Authors: Shikabi Penzi , Madimutsa Clever , Chewe Moses , Namukombo Justina , Daka Evans 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Despite African countries such as Zambia having transformed public administration several times, they continue to experience the same socioeconomic challenges, such as poverty and inequality. This article discusses the changes in public administration in Zambia, highlighting the principles used and who benefited and lost from the transformation process. The article relied on secondary data sources. The findings show that three major approaches have been tried to transform Zambia’s public administration—traditional public administration, new public management and collaborative public management. Through these approaches, management principles such as centralisation, decentralisation, privatisation and service contracts have been implemented. In line with Marxist theory, the outcomes of the transformation process have benefited the ruling class at the expense of ordinary citizens, who include peasant farmers and workers. The article recommends that the delivery of public goods and services should be done by Civil Society Organisations, grant-aided cooperatives and single public-sector agencies.