bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current Applications of the Three-Dimensional Printing Technology in Neurosurgery: A Review
Authors: Łajczak Paweł Marek , Jóźwik Kamil , Jaldin Torrico Cristian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background In the recent years, three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has emerged as a transformative tool, particularly in health care, offering unprecedented possibilities in neurosurgery. This review explores the diverse applications of 3D printing in neurosurgery, assessing its impact on precision, customization, surgical planning, and education.
Methods A literature review was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus, identifying 84 relevant articles. These were categorized into spine applications, neurovascular applications, neuro-oncology applications, neuroendoscopy applications, cranioplasty applications, and modulation/stimulation applications.
Results 3D printing applications in spine surgery showcased advancements in guide devices, prosthetics, and neurosurgical planning, with patient-specific models enhancing precision and minimizing complications. Neurovascular applications demonstrated the utility of 3D-printed guide devices in intracranial hemorrhage and enhanced surgical planning for cerebrovascular diseases. Neuro-oncology applications highlighted the role of 3D printing in guide devices for tumor surgery and improved surgical planning through realistic models. Neuroendoscopy applications emphasized the benefits of 3D-printed guide devices, anatomical models, and educational tools. Cranioplasty applications showed promising outcomes in patient-specific implants, addressing biomechanical considerations.
Discussion The integration of 3D printing into neurosurgery has significantly advanced precision, customization, and surgical planning. Challenges include standardization, material considerations, and ethical issues. Future directions involve integrating artificial intelligence, multimodal imaging fusion, biofabrication, and global collaboration.
Conclusion 3D printing has revolutionized neurosurgery, offering tailored solutions, enhanced surgical planning, and invaluable educational tools. Addressing challenges and exploring future innovations will further solidify the transformative impact of 3D printing in neurosurgical care. This review serves as a comprehensive guide for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers navigating the dynamic landscape of 3D printing in neurosurgery.
Comparison of Thrombophilia Assay Results for the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Scientific and Standardization Committee Plasma Standard from Different External Quality Assessment Providers—for the External Quality Assurance in Thrombosis and Haemostasis Group
Authors: Jennings Ian , Meijer Piet , Arunachalam Sandya , Marlar Richard A. , Olson John D. , Zantek Nicole D. , Bon Chantal , Dean Elysse , Hollestelle Martine J. , Meley Roland , Plumhoff Elizabeth A. , Reilly-Stitt Christopher , Salazar Eric , Smock Kristi J. , Spannagl Michael , Walker Isobel D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractExternal quality assessment (EQA) is used to evaluate laboratory performance in tests of hemostasis; however, some esoteric tests are performed by too few centers in any one EQA program to allow valid statistical assessment. To explore the feasibility of pooling data from several EQA providers, an exercise was carried out by the External Quality Assurance in Thrombosis and Haemostasis group, using the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Scientific and Standardization Committee (SSC) plasma standard for thrombophilia screening assays. Six EQA providers took part in this exercise, distributing the SSC plasma standard as a “blinded” sample to participants for thrombophilia tests between November 2020 and December 2021. Data were collected by each provider, anonymized, and pooled for analysis. Results were analyzed as overall results from each EQA provider, and by kit/method-specific comparisons of data from all providers pooled together. For each parameter, median results and range were determined. Over 1,250 sets of data were returned in the six EQA programs. The overall medians (all data pooled) were <4% of the assigned values for each parameter with the exception of protein C activity by clot-based assay. Method-related differences in median results were observed for free protein S antigen and protein S activity—a pattern seen across data from the different EQA providers. Antithrombin antigen results reported in mg/dL provided an example where small numbers of results for a single EQA provider may be supplemented by pooling data from multiple providers with good agreement seen among results reported by the different EQA providers. This study demonstrated that a multicenter EQA provider collaboration can be carried out and demonstrated benefit for assays with smaller number of participants. In addition, results showed good agreement with the assigned values of the SSC plasma standard. Further exercises for tests performed by only small numbers of laboratories can be planned.
Normative Data of Grip Strength and Pinch Strength in the Indian Population
Authors: Rajendiran Subashini , Pai G. Mithun , Verma Vishal , Rajappa Srinivasan , Bhat Anil , Gaba Sunil , Thatte Mukund 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background There is no normative study of transregional grip strength data available from India. Hence, a multicenter study is designed to obtain reference value.
Materials and Methods This is a prospective observational study conducted as a part of the Indian normative data project of the Indian Society for Surgery of the Hand. The study included three participating centers: one from the northern part and two from the southern part. Certified calibrated Jamar dynamometer and Jamar pinch gauge were used to measure the grip strength, key pinch strength, tip pinch strength, and tripod pinch strength as per the guidelines of the American Society of Hand Therapists.
Results A total of 1,019 volunteers in the age group of 18 to 60 years were studied. The mean grip strength in males and females was 38.18 and 24.06 kg, respectively. The mean key pinch strength was 8.52 kg in males and 5.97 kg in females. The mean tip pinch strength was 4.86 kg in males and 3.59 kg in females. The mean tripod pinch strength was 5.41 kg in males and 4.16 kg in females.
Conclusions All four strengths were lower in value when compared with American and other populations. The men had more strength than women. There was no relation to hand dominance. There was a correlation for age and height but no correlation with body mass index (BMI).
Use of Biodegradable Temporizing Matrix for Pediatric Tendoachilles Exposure: A Novel Technique in Complex Traumatic Wound Management—A Case Report
Authors: Mohan Padmalakshmi Bharathi , Chittoria RaviKumar , Ramalingam Shanmugapriya , Reddy Bharath Prakash , Gupta Kanav , Chakiath Jacob Antony 
Published: August 2024

AbstractManagement of complex wounds in the pediatric population is a herculean task due to the decreased surface area available for flaps and the added scars from flap reconstruction. Biodegradable temporizing matrix (BTM) has proven useful, particularly in adult burns and complex wounds. Only a few have documented the use of BTM in complex wounds in children. A 2-year-old child presented with tendoachilles exposure of the right ankle due to a crush injury in the spokes of a motorcycle. The wound was debrided and covered with BTM. After 5 weeks, the same was delaminated, healthy granulation tissue was found covering the tendoachilles, and the raw area was grafted. BTM proved to be a versatile option for converting a complex wound to a superficial wound, and it abetted the drawbacks of a flap cover: extended hospital stay, discomfort, prolonged immobilization, and additional scars.
Fermion condensates induced by axial interactions and cosmological implications
Authors: Capolupo A , Quaranta A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We reveal the presence of a new source of axial current due to the condensed vacuum generated by the spin–spin interaction. To show this, we consider a quartic Dirac Lagrangian containing a spin–spin interaction term, possibly originating from torsion in Einstein–Cartan-like theories. We use a mean field approach to analyze the quantized theory. We show that the diagonalization of the field Hamiltonian defines a new vacuum state, energetically favored with respect to the free vacuum. Such a vacuum, which is a condensate of particle-antiparticle pairs, is characterized by a nontrivial expectation value of the axial current operator. The new source of axial current, here obtained, can have effects both at the atomic level and at the astrophysical–cosmological level depending on the origin of the spin–spin interaction term. The condensate spontaneously breaks Lorentz symmetry, therefore it implies the possibility of CPT violation in the early universe. Furthermore the condensate induces a new source term in the gravitational field equations and may affect the dark sector of the Universe at cosmological level.
MSTKernel Net: a rolling bearing intelligent diagnosis framework based on short-time time–frequency convolution
Authors: Pan Huilin , Jiao Weidong , Dong Zhilin , Rehman Attiq Ur , Lin Daxuan , Wang Wenjie , Sun Jianfeng , Jiang Yonghua 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Monitoring rotating machinery is a key task in modern production processes. The emergence of deep learning technology has significantly improved the performance of intelligent diagnosis systems for such machinery. However, despite the commendable performance of many existing frameworks, they lack transparency, which hinders their interpretability in fault diagnosis based on directional signals. This study addresses this challenge by delving into the fault features present in vibration signals and designing a convolutional module specifically tailored to these characteristics, modularized short time–frequency kernel (MSTKernel). This innovative framework, MSTKernel Network, employs convolutional neural networks for feature extraction, simulating the time–frequency sliding process through convolutional properties while preserving temporal features and enriching fault diagnosis information. Through experimental data testing and visualization of convolutional kernel characteristics, we evaluate the potential of this framework to significantly enhance the fault diagnosis capability of rolling bearings, demonstrating its practicality and effectiveness in real-world applications.
LED-based standard source for spectral radiance with high uniform luminance plane
Authors: Godo Kenji , Nakazawa Yuri 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A standard source for spectral radiance is necessary for instruments, such as spectral radiance meters, which measure luminance and color of displays. Nevertheless, unavailability of practical transfer standard sources for spectral radiance has long presented difficulties for manufacturers. To overcome the difficulty of spectral radiance traceability chain, the National Metrology Institute of Japan has developed an LED-based standard source for spectral radiance by combining a broadband LED module and a luminance homogenizer. The developed standard LED achieved average luminance of approximately 10 000 cd m−2 at 160 mA operating current. The spectrum is spread over the entire visible range using the broadband LED module as a source. With the new luminance homogenizer, the luminance variation on the aperture plane was achieved as 0.1% within 10 mm diameter (1σ). The plane uniformity and the uniform area size are striking, improving the plane uniformity of traditional ribbon filament lamps and beyond that of a portable integrating sphere source. Using the standard LED, manufacturers are expected to obtain new convenient traceability schemes while profiting from their high practicality.
Few-layer Bi2O2Se: a promising candidate for high-performance near-room-temperature thermoelectric applications
Authors: Yip Weng Hou , Fu Qundong , Wu Jing , Hippalgaonkar Kedar , Liu Zheng , Wang Xingli , Boutchich Mohamed , Tay Beng Kang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Advancements in high-temperature thermoelectric (TE) materials have been substantial, yet identifying promising near-room-temperature candidates for efficient power generation from low-grade waste heat or TE cooling applications has become critical but proven exceedingly challenging. Bismuth oxyselenide (Bi2O2Se) emerges as an ideal candidate for near-room-temperature energy harvesting due to its low thermal conductivity, high carrier mobility and remarkable air-stability. In this study, the TE properties of few-layer Bi2O2Se over a wide temperature range (20–380 K) are investigated, where a charge transport mechanism transitioning from polar optical phonon to piezoelectric scattering at 140 K is observed. Moreover, the Seebeck coefficient (S) increases with temperature up to 280 K then stabilizes at

∼

−

200 μV K−1 through 380 K. Bi2O2Se demonstrates high mobility (450 cm2V−1s−1) within the optimum power factor (PF) window, despite its

T

−
1.25

dependence. The high mobility compensates the minor reduction in carrier density n
2D hence contributes to maintain a robust electrical conductivity

∼

3 × 104 S m−1. This results in a remarkable PF of 860 μW m−1K−2 at 280 K without the necessity for gating (V
g = 0 V), reflecting the innate performance of the as-grown material. These results underscore the considerable promise of Bi2O2Se for room temperature TE applications.
A wideband model to evaluate the dielectric properties of biological tissues from magnetic resonance acquisitions
Authors: Liporace Flavia , Cavagnaro Marta 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective. Aim of this work is to illustrate and experimentally validate a model to evaluate the dielectric properties of biological tissues on a wide frequency band using the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique. Approach. The dielectric behaviour of biological tissues depends on frequency, according to the so-called relaxation mechanisms. The adopted model derives the dielectric properties of biological tissues in the frequency range 10 MHz–20 GHz considering the presence of two relaxation mechanisms whose parameters are determined from quantities derived from MRI acquisitions. In particular, the MRI derived quantities are the water content and the dielectric properties of the tissue under study at the frequency of the MR scanner. Main results. The model was first theoretically validated on muscle and fat using literature data in the frequency range 10 MHz–20 GHz. Results showed capabilities of reconstructing dielectric properties with errors within 16%. Then the model was applied to ex vivo muscle and liver tissues, comparing the MRI-derived properties with data measured by the open probe technique in the frequency range 10 MHz–3 GHz, showing promising results. Significance. The use of medical techniques based on the application of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) is significantly increasing. To provide safe and effective treatments, it is necessary to know how human tissues react to the applied EMF. Since this information is embedded in the dielectric properties of biological tissues, an accurate and precise dielectric characterization is needed. Biological tissues are heterogenous, and their characteristics depend on several factors. Consequently, it is necessary to characterize dielectric properties in vivo for each specific patient. While this aim cannot be reached with traditional measurement techniques, through the adopted model these properties can be reconstructed in vivo on a wide frequency band from non-invasive MRI acquisitions.
Performance evaluation of a novel semi-active absorption and isolation co-control strategy with magnetorheological seat suspension for commercial vehicle
Authors: Li Pingyang , Dong Xiaomin , Ran Jinchao , Fei Zhenyang , Wu Lifan , Xu Di 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Vibration isolation performance of seat suspension plays a critical role in protection of drive’s physical health as the last barrier. In this paper, the integrated magnetorheological (MR) dynamic tuned mass damper (TMD) is firstly designed and utilized into seat suspension. A semi-active co-control algorithm with MR damper and MR TMD is designed, analyzed and validated by comparative experiments. The dynamic models of two MR devices have been tested and fitted. Comparing with simulation and experimental results under various excitations and control conditions, this co-control algorithm with MR TMD is validated to be highly effective. The transmissibility at resonance frequency reaches to 0.81 which is less than 1. This phenomenon has hardly been investigated in seat suspension. It illustrates that resonance has been suppressed and improved significantly. The peak acceleration decreases to 1.19 m s−2 with a reduction of 57.2%, in contrast to passive condition with MR damper. The comfort index is increased by 45.6% under random excitation than passive condition. According to these comparisons, the vibration isolation property and comfort of seat suspension can be further improved by the proposed co-control algorithm with two MR devices.
TNSA based proton acceleration by two oblique laser pulses in the presence of an axial magnetic field
Authors: Khan Imran , Saxena Vikrant 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We employ two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations to examine, in detail, the effect of a kilo-Tesla magnetic field applied along the normal of a flat TNSA target on the cutoff energy of protons/ions. The two cases of (i) normally incident single laser pulse, and (ii) two obliquely incident laser pulses are thoroughly examined. It is shown that the two-oblique-pulse configuration combined with an external magnetic field results in a stronger enhancement (56 MeV–75 MeV) in the protons’ cutoff energies than the normally incident single laser pulse with an external magnetic field (19 MeV–24 MeV). This combination of two-oblique laser pulses along with a kilo-Tesla level external magnetic field is therefore found to be highly effective in accelerating protons/ions in the TNSA regime.
Unsupervised end-to-end multiscale neural network for multi-focus MicroLED image fusion
Authors: Yu Wenlin , Chen Jinbiao , Li Cheng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
MicroLED has a broad application prospect in visible light communication, medical detection, and other fields, owing to its small size, high integration, and long service life. However, capturing a full-focus image during microscopic visual inspection of MicroLED is challenging due to the significant thickness of the chip. To address this problem, an end-to-end neural network named MMLFuse is proposed for MicroLED image fusion, which uses unsupervised learning to directly generate fused images from two original images. Firstly, we introduce the Spatial Pyramid Pooling Mixing (SPPM) module for rapid extraction of partially focused image features. The extracted features are then used to obtain a weight map, which is further refined using a moving window smoothing technique. This refined weight map is employed for feature fusion, and the fused image is reconstructed based on the fused features. Specifically, the network uses a two-stage training strategy with different loss functions for each stage to improve the convergence speed of the model and the quality of the fused image. In particular, mask loss is designed in the second stage to ensure that the network pays more attention to the focus area during training to accurately match the corresponding input image. Experimental results demonstrate that MMLFuse achieves superior performance on the MicroLED dataset compared to other classical methods, highlighting its effectiveness and potential in the field.
Universal thermodynamic constraints revealed in few-particle systems on 2D material surfaces
Authors: Ziani Faten , Boudiar Abid 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Our study reveals a profound connection between hidden thermodynamics and the properties of small systems, shedding light on fundamental properties of isolated particles, such as pressure and enthalpy. This research has allowed the identification of three universal regions within these systems, improving our understanding of small-scale phenomena.
Asymmetricity in fluorescence peaks of a three level Λ-type quantum emitter placed near a spherical metal nanoparticle
Authors: Mishra Abhay 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A generalized master equation is derived here for a hybrid three level Λ-type quantum emitter-metal nanoparticle (MNP) system in the presence of strong external fields. With this new master equation, we show the spectral reshaping of the fluorescence peaks leading to asymmetric peak heights. This asymmetricity is attributed to dressed state-reservoir coupling and strong coherent fields. The coupling of reservoir with dressed states results in different sampling of local density of states (LDOS) of the vacuum field by dressed state transitions, giving different transition probabilities to each peak. We have further explored the directional features of the resonance fluorescence spectrum in the hybrid system. These observations of spectral reshaping in a three-level-MNP system opens new directions for studying tunable electromagnetically induced transparency utilizing ‘tailored vacuum’ in quantum plasmonics.
Optimization of structure, optical, magnetic, and radiation shielding properties of ZnO@xSrFe12O19 nanocomposites
Authors: Reda A M , Ahmed Emad M , Azab A A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this work, the pristine ZnO, SrFe12O19 (SFO), and their nanocomposites (ZnO/x SFO: x = 1, 3 and 5%) were synthesized by co-precipitation and sonomechanical method. The x-ray diffraction data validate the preparation of ZnO, SFO, and nanocomposite samples with high phase purity. The optical band gap was calculated from UV–vis-NIR diffuse reflectance measurements, and it was modified by increasing SFO content. Adding 1, 3, and 5 wt% of SFO to the ZnO matrix showed ferromagnetic characteristics for the nanocomposites with a squareness ratio of around 0.49, which considered these nanocomposites as a magnetic semiconductor suitable for digital memory and spintronic applications. Additionally, the radiation shielding features of the prepared samples were evaluated. The shielding parameters for the studied samples were obtained using the Phy-X/PSD program. The fast neutron removal cross-section of SFO was 0.094 cm−1, the highest among the investigated samples, while the composites had similar values, about 0.083 cm−1. The results indicated that the γ--ray attenuation ability and the values of exposure buildup factor for the prepared samples were close. Therefore, ZnO, SFO, and their nanocomposites compared to stationary shielding materials (SMs), can be candidates for applications where radiation protection is needed.
Enhancing light absorption in ultra-thin perovskite solar cells using plasmonic gold nanoparticle clusters
Authors: Bahador Hamid , Abdoli Zahra 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Perovskite solar cells with ultra-thin absorber layers offer potential cost savings in manufacturing, but their reduced thickness can limit light absorption and efficiency. This work explores using plasmonic gold nanoparticles as a light-trapping strategy to compensate for lower absorption in ultra-thin perovskite devices. Numerical simulations investigate embedding 25 nm radius gold nanoparticles within the 200 nm thick perovskite active layer to boost optical absorption through near-field enhancement and light scattering effects. The solar cell structure incorporating these plasmonic nanoparticles achieves a substantially higher short-circuit current density of 23.10 mA cm−2 compared to 18.70 mA cm−2 for a reference cell without nanoparticles. This study provides design approaches for realizing high-efficiency yet cost-effective ultra-thin perovskite photovoltaics by harnessing plasmonic light-trapping techniques. The results display methodologies to improve photon absorption and power conversion in thin-film perovskite devices through strategic nanoparticle integration.