bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coprecipitation of amorphous silica and gold nanoparticles contributes to gold hyperenrichment
Authors: McNab Rory R. , Brugger Joël , Voisey Christopher R. , Tomkins Andrew G. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Hyperenrichment of Au in orogenic ores occurs overwhelmingly within quartz veins, but the formation pathway of quartz veins in orogenic systems remains enigmatic. We conducted hydrothermal experiments simulating coprecipitation of Au and amorphous silica and subsequent recrystallization to test whether this is a viable mechanism to generate Au nuggets within quartz veins. Within minutes, coprecipitation of amorphous silica and Au nanoparticles occurred, representing an effective Au deposition mechanism. Within one week, amorphous silica had recrystallized to quartz, causing the coarsening of Au particles and their relocation to quartz grain boundaries and fractures. The experimental textures are similar to those observed in high-grade zones of orogenic gold deposits. In addition to trapping Au, amorphous silica may increase competency contrasts that facilitate short-term fracture reactivation during earthquake aftershock periods or swarms, allowing further Au input from fresh fluids. These findings demonstrate that amorphous silica precipitation may be an important transient stage in orogenic gold deposit formation, with significant implications for metal accumulation in quartz veins.
Frequency and preventability of adverse drug events in the outpatient setting
Authors: Wasserman Rachel L , Edrees Heba H , Amato Mary G , Seger Diane L , Frits Michelle L , Hwang Andrew Y , Iannaccone Christine , Bates David W 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundLimited data exist regarding adverse drug events (ADEs) in the outpatient setting. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence, severity, and preventability of ADEs in the outpatient setting and identify potential prevention strategies.MethodsWe conducted an analysis of ADEs identified in a retrospective electronic health records review of outpatient encounters in 2018 at 13 outpatient sites in Massachusetts that included 13 416 outpatient encounters in 3323 patients. Triggers were identified in the medical record including medications, consultations, laboratory results, and others. If a trigger was detected, a further in-depth review was conducted by nurses and adjudicated by physicians to examine the relevant information in the medical record. Patients were included in the study if they were at least 18 years of age with at least one outpatient encounter with a physician, nurse practitioner or physician’s assistant in that calendar year. Patients were excluded from the study if the outpatient encounter occurred in outpatient surgery, psychiatry, rehabilitation, and paediatrics.ResultsIn all, 5% of patients experienced an ADE over the 1-year period. We identified 198 ADEs among 170 patients, who had a mean age of 60. Most patients experienced one ADE (87%), 10% experienced two ADEs and 3% experienced three or more ADEs. The most frequent drug classes resulting in ADEs were cardiovascular (25%), central nervous system (14%), and anti-infective agents (14%). Severity was ranked as significant in 85%, 14% were serious, 1% were life-threatening, and there were no fatal ADEs. Of the ADEs, 22% were classified as preventable and 78% were not preventable. We identified 246 potential prevention strategies, and 23% of ADEs had more than one prevention strategy possibility.ConclusionsDespite efforts to prioritise patient safety, medication-related harms are still frequent. These results underscore the need for further patient safety improvement in the outpatient setting.
Glutamine metabolic competition drives immunosuppressive reprogramming of intratumour GPR109A
+
myeloid cells to promote liver cancer progression
Authors: Yang Yang , Pei Tianduo , Liu Chaobao , Cao Mingtao , Hu Xiaolin , Yuan Jie , Chen Fengqian , Guo Bao , Hong Yuemei , Liu Jibin , Li Bin , Li Xiaoguang , Wang Hui 
Published: July 2024

Objective
The metabolic characteristics of liver cancer drive considerable hurdles to immune cells function and cancer immunotherapy. However, how metabolic reprograming in the tumour microenvironment impairs the antitumour immune response remains unclear.

Design

Human samples and multiple murine models were employed to evaluate the correlation between GPR109A and liver cancer progression. GPR109A knockout mice, immune cells depletion and primary cell coculture models were used to determine the regulation of GPR109A on tumour microenvironment and identify the underlying mechanism responsible for the formation of intratumour GPR109A
+
myeloid cells.

Results

We demonstrate that glutamine shortage in liver cancer tumour microenvironment drives an immunosuppressive GPR109A
+
myeloid cells infiltration, leading to the evasion of immune surveillance. Blockade of GPR109A decreases G-MDSCs and M2-like TAMs abundance to trigger the antitumour responses of CD8
+
T cells and further improves the immunotherapy efficacy against liver cancer. Mechanistically, tumour cells and tumour-infiltrated myeloid cells compete for glutamine uptake via the transporter SLC1A5 to control antitumour immunity, which disrupts the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homoeostasis and induces unfolded protein response of myeloid cells to promote GPR109A expression through IRE1α/XBP1 pathway. The restriction of glutamine uptake in liver cancer cells, as well as the blockade of IRE1α/XBP1 signalling or glutamine supplementation, can eliminate the immunosuppressive effects of GPR109A
+
myeloid cells and slow down tumour progression.

Conclusion
Our findings identify the immunometabolic crosstalk between liver cancer cells and myeloid cells facilitates tumour progression via a glutamine metabolism/ER stress/GPR109A axis, suggesting that GPR109A can be exploited as an immunometabolic checkpoint and putative target for cancer treatment.
Ovarian cancer deaths attributable to asbestos exposure in Lombardy (Italy) in 2000–2018
Authors: Stoppa Giorgia , Mensi Carolina , Fazzo Lucia , Minelli Giada , Manno Valerio , Marinaccio Alessandro , Consonni Dario , Biggeri Annibale , Catelan Dolores 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesWe aimed to estimate the fraction of deaths from ovarian cancer attributable to asbestos exposure in Lombardy Region, Italy, using a novel approach that exploits the fact that ovarian cancer asbestos exposure is associated with pleural cancer and other risk factors for breast cancer.MethodsThis ecological study is based on the Italian National Institute of Statistics mortality data. We formulate a trivariate Bayesian joint disease model to estimate the attributable fraction (AF) and the number of ovarian cancer deaths attributable to asbestos exposure from the geographic distribution of ovarian, pleural and breast cancer mortality at the municipality level from 2000 to 2018. Expected deaths and standardised mortality ratios were calculated using regional rates.ResultsWe found shared dependencies between ovarian and pleural cancer, which capture risk factors common to the two diseases (asbestos exposure), and a spatially structured clustering component shared between ovarian and breast cancer, capturing other risk factors. Based on 10 462 ovarian cancer deaths, we estimated that 574 (95% credibility interval 388–819) were attributable to asbestos (AF 5.5%; 95% credibility interval 3.7–7.8). AF reaches 34%–47% in some municipalities with known heavy asbestos pollution.ConclusionsThe impact of asbestos on ovarian cancer occurrence can be relevant, particularly in areas with high asbestos exposure. Estimating attributable cases was possible only by using advanced Bayesian modelling to consider other risk factors for ovarian cancer. These findings are instrumental in tailoring public health surveillance programmes and implementing compensation and prevention policies.
Mild traumatic brain injury caused by workplace violence in a US workers’ compensation system
Authors: Wizner Kerri , Journeay W Shane , Jolivet Daniel , Ahle Justine 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesApproximately 81% of traumatic brain injury cases are considered to be mild (mTBI), but few studies have reviewed mTBI caused by workplace violence (WPV). This study aimed to (1) determine the incidence of mTBI secondary to WPV in a statewide workers’ compensation system using International Classification of Disease codes and (2) analyse and compare factors associated with return-to-work outcomes between WPV mTBI cases versus other mechanisms.MethodsUsing a retrospective cohort of claims data from the California Workers’ Compensation Information System during 2015–2019, cases with a return-to-work date were classified as WPV if the injury description contained keywords such as assault, gunpoint, harassed, intimidated, punch, threat, robbery, violent or verbal abuse.ResultsOf the 14 089 mTBI claims analysed in this study, 11.2% were caused by WPV. When comparing WPV to non-WPV claims, the variables with statistically significant (p≤0.001) differences were age, income, industry and job class. There were no significant differences between groups for leave duration. In a linear mixed model, the variable of interest (WPV) was not associated with recovery duration after adjusting for other factors.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first study to examine WPV mTBI claims in the USA. The findings suggest that the public administration, education and healthcare and social services industries are at higher risk for WPV mTBI. WPV and job class were the only modifiable factors in the model and therefore should be the focus of additional research.
Arsenic speciation in picromerite K2Mg(SO4)2•6H2O: electron paramagnetic resonance and synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopic characterizations and implications for organic fertilizers
Authors: Lin Jinru , Chen Ning , Pan Yuanming 
Published: July 2024

Picromerite K2Mg(SO4)2•6H2O (also known as schoenite, schönite, or sulfate of potash) formed from alkaline lakes by evaporation is an increasingly important chlorine-free fertilizer and has been used to produce other organic fertilizers such as arcanite K2SO4 and boussingaultite (NH4)2Mg(SO4)2•6H2O. Picromerite and boussingaultite, two Tutton’s salts, are also common secondary solid phases in diverse types of mine tailings and play important roles in controlling the mobility and bioavailability of various heavy metal(loid)s, including arsenic. In this study, picromerite crystals containing 64 ppm As have been synthesized at ambient conditions from aqueous solutions by slow evaporation. Arsenic K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge-structure and extended X-ray absorption fine structure data show that the dominant oxidation state is +5 and that As5+ occupies the S site in picromerite. Single-crystal and powder electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of gamma-ray-irradiated picromerite reveal three arsenic-associated oxyradicals: AsO4 2−, AsO3 2−, and AsO2 2−. The orientations of the principal 75As hyperfine directions of the AsO3 2− and AsO2 2− radicals match the bonding directions of the SO4 2− groups in the picromerite structure, further supporting substitutions of their respective diamagnetic precursors AsO4 3− and AsO3 3− for the sulfate group. These AsO4 2−, AsO3 2−, and AsO2 2− radicals in picromerite are similar but not identical to their counterparts in boussingaultite and gypsum, suggesting that sulfate minerals are capable of sequestrating both arsenate and arsenite, with important implications for understanding the fate and bioavailability of arsenic associated with agricultural applications of organic fertilizers.
Multi-decadal trophic shifts in Lake Erie yellow perch Perca flavescens
Authors: Schmitt Joseph D. , Gorman Ann Marie , Knight Carey T. , DuFour Mark R. , Roberts James J. , Hartman Travis 
Published: July 2024

In Lake Erie, yellow perch Perca flavescens support vast commercial and recreational fisheries, yet populations have recently declined. Using N = 5889 yellow perch stomachs collected from 1997 to 2021, we explored trends in the feeding ecology and trophic level of yellow perch with generalized additive models. Models revealed a significant decrease in yellow perch trophic level (−0.15 trophic levels in the last decade), and significant dietary shifts. Yellow perch have shifted away from feeding on piscine prey and round goby Neogobius melanostomus over the 25-year period, and now feed on invertebrates more frequently—including invasive waterfleas ( Bythotrephes longimanus and Cercopagis pengoi) and chironomids. Dietary patterns appear to reflect broad ecological changes—invasive waterfleas have proliferated while populations of forage fish and round goby have declined. Furthermore, hypoxia events have increased in duration and severity, which may explain observed increases in chironomid consumption, which are hypoxia tolerant. This study demonstrates trophic adaptability in yellow perch, which have changed feeding behavior and trophic position in response to novel invaders and changing environmental conditions.
A meta-trained generator for quantum architecture search
Authors: He Zhimin , Chen Chuangtao , Li Zhengjiang , Situ Haozhen , Zhang Fei , Zheng Shenggen , Li Lvzhou 
Published: July 2024

AbstractVariational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) have made great success in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era due to their relative resilience to noise and high flexibility relative to quantum resources. Quantum Architecture Search (QAS) aims to enhance the performance of VQAs by refining the structure of the adopted Parameterized Quantum Circuit (PQC). QAS is garnering increased attention owing to its automation, reduced reliance on expert experience, and its ability to achieve better performance while requiring fewer quantum gates than manually designed circuits. However, existing QAS algorithms optimize the structure from scratch for each VQA without using any prior experience, rendering the process inefficient and time-consuming. Moreover, determining the number of quantum gates, a crucial hyper-parameter in these algorithms is a challenging and time-consuming task. To mitigate these challenges, we accelerate the QAS algorithm via a meta-trained generator. The proposed algorithm directly generates high-performance circuits for a new VQA by utilizing a meta-trained Variational AutoEncoder (VAE). The number of quantum gates required in the designed circuit is automatically determined based on meta-knowledge learned from a variety of training tasks. Furthermore, we have developed a meta-predictor to filter out circuits with suboptimal performance, thereby accelerating the algorithm. Simulation results on variational quantum compiling and Quantum Approximation Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) demonstrate the superior performance of our method over a state-of-the-art algorithm, namely Differentiable Quantum Architecture Search (DQAS).
An Overview of FPGA-inspired Obfuscation Techniques
Authors: Abideen Zain Ul , Gokulanathan Sumathi , J. Aljafar Muayad , Pagliarini Samuel 
Published: July 2024

Building and maintaining a silicon foundry is a costly endeavor that requires substantial financial investment. From this scenario, the semiconductor business has largely shifted to a fabless model where the Integrated Circuit (IC) supply chain is globalized but potentially untrusted. In recent years, several hardware obfuscation techniques have emerged to thwart hardware security threats related to untrusted IC fabrication. Reconfigurable-based obfuscation schemes have shown great promise of security against state-of-the-art attacks—these are techniques that rely on the transformation of static logic configurable elements such as Look Up Tables (LUTs). This survey provides a comprehensive analysis of reconfigurable-based obfuscation techniques, evaluating their overheads and enumerating their effectiveness against all known attacks. The techniques are also classified based on different factors, including the technology used, element type, and IP type. Additionally, we present a discussion on the advantages of reconfigurable-based obfuscation techniques when compared to Logic Locking techniques and the challenges associated with evaluating these techniques on hardware, primarily due to the lack of tapeouts. The survey’s findings are essential for researchers interested in hardware obfuscation and future trends in this area.
Relações semânticas em tesauros: contribuições da abordagem pragmática
Authors: Weiss Leila Cristina , Bräscher Marisa 
Published: July 2024

Analisa como a abordagem semântica pragmática pode ser adotada para o estabelecimento de relações semânticas em tesauros. No contexto da Organização do Conhecimento, descreve contribuições da abordagem pragmática às recomendações das normas ANSI/NISO Z39.19(2005) e ISO2594-1(2011). Para as relações de equivalência, essa contribuição diz respeito à percepção de que a distinção do que foi considerado igual ou equivalente para fins de revocação na Recuperação da Informação é uma medida que minimiza as implicações éticas de se escolher uma forma de expressão como termo preferido e proporciona maior flexibilidade ao tesauro. Para as relações hierárquicas, verifica-se a importância de se considerar as diferenças conceituais, pois se as hierarquias são estabelecidas apenas a partir de premissas universalistas podem se tornar demasiadamente rígidas. Para as relações associativas verifica-se a importância da bibliografia para a identificação das relações que podem guiar o usuário a localizar informações úteis ao alcance de seus objetivos.
Pulmonary Artery Pressures and Mortality During Venoarterial ECMO: An ELSO Registry Analysis
Authors: Owyang Clark G. , Rippon Brady , Teran Felipe , Brodie Daniel , Araos Joaquin , Burkhoff Daniel , Kim Jiwon , Tonna Joseph E. 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:
Systemic hemodynamics and specific ventilator settings have been shown to predict survival during venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). How the right heart (the right ventricle and pulmonary artery) affect survival during venoarterial ECMO is unknown. We aimed to identify the relationship between right heart function with mortality and the duration of ECMO support.

METHODS:
Cardiac ECMO runs in adults from the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry between 2010 and 2022 were queried. Right heart function was quantified via pulmonary artery pulse pressure (PAPP) for pre-ECMO and on-ECMO periods. A multivariable model was adjusted for modified Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions stage, age, sex, and concurrent clinical data (ie, pulmonary vasodilators and systemic pulse pressure). The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality.

RESULTS:

A total of 4442 ECMO runs met inclusion criteria and had documentation of hemodynamic and illness severity variables. The mortality rate was 55%; nonsurvivors were more likely to be older, have a worse Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions stage, and have longer pre-ECMO endotracheal intubation times (
P
<0.05 for all) than survivors. Increasing PAPP from pre-ECMO to on-ECMO time (ΔPAPP) was associated with reduced mortality per 2 mm Hg increase (odds ratio, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.97–0.99];
P
=0.002). Higher on-ECMO PAPP was associated with mortality reduction across quartiles with the greatest reduction in the third PAPP quartile (odds ratio, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.63–0.90];
P
=0.002) and longer time on ECMO per 10 mm Hg (beta, 15 [95% CI, 7.7–21];
P
<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Early on-ECMO right heart function and interval improvement from pre-ECMO values were associated with mortality reduction during cardiac ECMO. Incorporation of right heart metrics into risk prediction models should be considered.
Spironolactone Reduces the Risk of Death in Veterans With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Kurgansky Katherine E. , Parker Rachel , Djousse Luc , Gagnon David R. , Joseph Jacob 
Published: July 2024

Background
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a complex syndrome increasing in prevalence and affecting millions worldwide but with limited evidence‐based therapies. Results from explanatory clinical trials suggest that spironolactone may help to improve outcomes in patients with HFpEF. We sought to investigate the effectiveness of spironolactone in reducing death and hospitalization outcomes for patients with HFpEF in a real‐world setting.

Methods and Results

We used electronic health records from the US Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system between 2002 and 2012 to identify patients with HFpEF who were followed longitudinally through 2014 using a validated algorithm. Among our HFpEF cohort that is 96% men, 85% White individuals, and aged 74±11 years, 3690 spironolactone users and 49 191 nonusers were identified and followed for a median of 2.9 (interquartile range [IQR], 1.5–2.4) and 3.3 (IQR, 1.6–5.9) years, respectively. We evaluated the effect of spironolactone use on all‐cause death and number of days hospitalized per year for heart failure or for any cause by fitting generalized estimating equation–based Poisson and negative binomial models. Crude rates of 10.3 versus 13.5 deaths and 394.0 versus 485.9 days hospitalized were observed per 100 person‐years for spironolactone users versus nonusers, respectively. After multivariable adjustment, there was a 21% reduction (95% CI, 13–29;
P
<0.0001) in rate of all‐cause death among spironolactone users compared with nonusers and no statistically significant difference in days hospitalized for all causes or heart failure.

Conclusions
In a real‐world national cohort of patients with HFpEF, spironolactone use reduced all‐cause death and demonstrated a favorable trend in reducing the burden of hospitalizations.
Optimizing Prediction of In‐Hospital Mortality in Elderly Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Nomogram Approach Using the Age‐Adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index Score
Authors: Lin He , Xi Ying‐Bin , Yang Zhi‐Cheng , Tong Zhou‐Jie , Jiang Guihua , Gao Jihong , Kang Baoxu , Ma Ying , Zhang Wei , Wang Zhi‐Hao 
Published: July 2024

Background
To study the age‐adjusted Charlson comorbidity index (ACCI) scale, which is a comprehensive quantification of multimorbidity coexistence, for the assessment of the risk of acute myocardial infarction death in elderly people.

Methods and Results
A total of 502 older patients with acute myocardial infarction were studied at Qilu Hospital from September 2017 to March 2022. They were categorized on the basis of ACCI into low (≤5), intermediate (6, 7), and high (≥8) risk groups. Hospitalization duration was observed, with death as the end point. least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was used to screen variables, 10‐fold cross‐validation was performed to validate the screened variables, a Cox regression nomogram predicting the risk of patient death was prepared, hazard ratio with 95% CI was calculated, a nomogram calibration curve was constructed, and a receiver operating characteristic curve, decision curve analysis, and a clinical impact curve were established. From 62 potential factors in a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, 12 were selected via 10‐fold cross‐validation. Retain variables with significant statistical differences in the Cox regression. A nomogram of the risk of death from acute infarction was constructed, and risk factors included ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation, atrial fibrillation, nicorandil, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors, β blockers, and ACCI score, carbon dioxide combining power, and blood calcium concentration.

Conclusions
The ACCI score effectively assesses multimorbidity in the older patients. As ACCI rises, the death risk from acute myocardial infarction grows. The study's nomogram is valid and clinically applicable.