bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PHASE 2 RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL OF FUTURE CARE PLANNING IN PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED HEART DISEASE
Authors: Denvir M A , Highet G , Boyd K , Robertson S , Cudmore S , Donald L , Haga K , Weir C , Murray S 
Published: February 2015

IntroductionPatients with advanced heart disease typically have a poor prognosis despite optimal cardiac therapy. These patients and families rarely receive coordinated holistic assessment and future care planning (FCP).Aim(s) and method(s)This Marie Curie funded phase 2 trial seeks to explore whether a FCP intervention is acceptable, feasible and deliverable to patients (and families) with advanced heart disease following a recent unscheduled hospital admission. Patients with an unscheduled admission for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or heart failure (HF) were screened using a prognostic scoring tool. Patients with a 12 month estimated mortality risk of 20% or greater were randomly allocated to either early (upon discharge) or delayed (after 12 weeks) FCP for 12 weeks. The FCP intervention combines holistic needs-assessment by a cardiologist with creation of a written/shared FCP and nurse-led care in the community. Primary outcome is quality of life of patients and carers assessed using questionnaires.ResultsWe recruited 50 patients (32 carers) – 22% with ACS, 68% HF and 10% valvular heart disease. There were 5 deaths and 5 withdrawals. For the whole cohort mean age is 81.1 years (SD=8.6), 60% male, mean Charlson comorbidity index was 4.2 (SD=1.7), median Canadian frailty scale=5 (Mildly frail). Intervention and follow up is currently on-going.Conclusion(s)Findings demonstrate that the intervention and outcome measures were feasible and deliverable. Further analysis will provide invaluable information on the nature and feasibility of a larger clinical trial sufficiently powered to address hard clinical end-points.
Risk factors for renal function decline in adults with normal kidney function: a 7-year cohort study
Authors: Qin Xianhui , Wang Yuejuan , Li Youbao , Xie Di , Tang Genfu , Wang Binyan , Wang Xiaobin , Xu Xin , Xu Xiping , Hou Fanfan 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundWe aimed to examine the risk factors for renal function decline (RFD) in a community-based cohort of a rural Chinese population with normal kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate, eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2), both for the population as a whole and stratified by sex.Methods2518 participants were included in the current analysis. RFD was defined as follows: a drop in the eGFR category accompanied by a 25% or greater drop in eGFR from baseline; or a sustained decline in eGFR of more than 5 mL/min/1.73 m2/year.ResultsThe incidence rate of RFD was 8.7% (women 7.4% and men 9.8%). In the multivariable logistic regression model, the ORs (95% CI) of developing RFD was 1.60 (1.01 to 2.54) for men versus women, and 1.51 (1.09 to 2.08) for participants with obesity or abdominal obesity versus none (1.35 (0.85 to 2.14) for men, and 1.65 (1.04 to 2.64) for women). However, prehypertension (OR=1.64; 95% CI 1.02 to 2.63) or hypertension (2.05; 1.21 to 3.47), higher mean blood pressure (≥90 vs <80 mm Hg, 2.63; 1.11 to 6.20), higher pulse pressure (≥50 vs <40 mm Hg, 2.00; 1.26 to 3.18), lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (<0.9 vs ≥0.9 mmol/L, 2.65; 1.08 to 6.50) and low physical activity levels (vs high, 3.11; 1.59 to 6.10) were major risk factors for RFD in men. Current smoking (3.22; 1.22 to 2.64) and worse self-reported health (vs better, 2.57; 1.20 to 5.50) were major risk factors for RFD in women.ConclusionsOur findings suggested that sex-specific risk factors should be considered in prevention of RFD in the Chinese rural population with normal kidney function.
Spatiotemporal Expression Dynamics of Selectins Govern the Sequential Extravasation of Neutrophils and Monocytes in the Acute Inflammatory Response
Authors: Zuchtriegel Gabriele , Uhl Bernd , Hessenauer Maximilian E.T. , Kurz Angela R.M. , Rehberg Markus , Lauber Kirsten , Krombach Fritz , Reichel Christoph A. 
Published: February 2015

Objective—
Leukocyte recruitment to the site of inflammation is a key event in a variety of cardiovascular pathologies. Infiltrating neutrophils constitute the first line of defense that precedes a second wave of emigrating monocytes reinforcing the inflammatory reaction. The mechanisms initiating this sequential process remained largely obscure.

Approach and Results—
Using advanced in vivo microscopy and in vitro/ex vivo techniques, we identified individual spatiotemporal expression patterns of selectins and their principal interaction partners on neutrophils, resident/inflammatory monocytes, and endothelial cells. Coordinating the intraluminal trafficking of neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes to common sites of extravasation, selectins assign different sites to these immune cells for their initial interactions with the microvascular endothelium. Whereas constitutively expressed leukocyte L-selectin/CD62L and endothelial P-selectin/CD62P together with CD44 and P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1/CD162 initiate the emigration of neutrophils, de novo synthesis of endothelial E-selectin/CD62E launches the delayed secondary recruitment of inflammatory monocytes. In this context, P-selectin/CD62P and L-selectin/CD62L together with P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1/CD162 and CD44 were found to regulate the flux of rolling neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes, whereas E-selectin/CD62E selectively adjusts the rolling velocity of inflammatory monocytes. Moreover, selectins and their interaction partners P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1/CD162 and CD44 differentially control the intraluminal crawling behavior of neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes collectively enabling the sequential extravasation of these immune cells to inflamed tissue.

Conclusions—
Our findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms initiating the sequential infiltration of the perivascular tissue by neutrophils and monocytes in the acute inflammatory response and might thereby contribute to the development of targeted therapeutic strategies for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Are Responsible for a Prothrombotic Phenotype of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat Arteries
Authors: Ait Aissa Karima , Lagrange Jérémy , Mohamadi Amel , Louis Huguette , Houppert Bénédicte , Challande Pascal , Wahl Denis , Lacolley Patrick , Regnault Véronique 
Published: February 2015

Objective—
The hypothesis that hypertension induces a hypercoagulable state arises from the complications associated with hypertension: stroke and myocardial infarction. Here, we determine whether hypertension causes changes in the thrombin-generating capacity of the vascular wall.

Approach and Results—

We used spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) compared with Wistar rats. The addition of thoracic aortic rings of SHR to a Wistar or SHR plasma pool resulted in a greater increase in thrombin generation compared with equivalent rings from Wistar. This increase occurred in 12- but not 5-week-old rats and was prevented by an angiotensin II–converting enzyme inhibitor, indicating that established hypertension is required to induce increased thrombin generation within the vessel wall. Whereas no difference was observed for endothelial cells, thrombin formation was higher on aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) from SHR than on those from Wistar. Exposure of negatively charged phospholipids was higher on SHR than on Wistar rings, as well as on cultured SMCs. Tissue factor activity was higher in SHR SMCs. Twelve-week-old SHR exhibited accelerated FeCl
3
-induced thrombus formation in carotid arteries, and the resulting occlusive thrombi were disaggregated by blockade of glycoprotein Ibα–von Willebrand factor interactions. SHR SMCs were more sensitive to thrombin-induced proliferation than Wistar SMCs. This effect was totally abolished by a protease-activated receptor 1 inhibitor.

Conclusions—
The prothrombotic phenotype of the SHR vessel wall was due to the ability of SMCs to support greater thrombin generation and resulted in accelerated occlusive thrombus formation after arterial injury, which was sensitive to glycoprotein Ibα–von Willebrand factor inhibitors.
Is there a role for conventional MRI and MR diffusion-weighted imaging for distinction of skull base chordoma and chondrosarcoma?
Authors: Müller Uta , Kubik-Huch Rahel A , Ares Carmen , Hug Eugen B , Löw Roland , Valavanis Antonios , Ahlhelm Frank J 
Published: February 2015

Background Chordoma and chondrosarcoma are locally invasive skull base tumors with similar clinical symptoms and anatomic imaging features as reported in the literature. Purpose To determine differentiation of chordoma and chondrosarcoma of the skull base with conventional magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) and diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI) in comparison to histopathological diagnosis. Material and Methods This retrospective study comprised 96 (chordoma, n = 64; chondrosarcoma, n = 32) patients with skull base tumors referred to the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) for proton therapy. cMRI signal intensities of all tumors were investigated. In addition, median apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were measured in a subgroup of 19 patients (chordoma, n = 11; chondrosarcoma, n = 8). Results The majority 81.2% (26/32) of chondrosarcomas displayed an off-midline growth pattern, 18.8% (6/32) showed clival invasion, 18.8% (6/32) were located more centrally. Only 4.7% (3/64) of chordomas revealed a lateral clival origin. Using cMRI no significant differences in MR signal intensities were observed in contrast to significantly different ADC values (subgroup of 19/96 patients examined by DWI), with the highest mean value of 2017.2 × 10−6 mm2/s (SD, 139.9 mm2/s) for chondrosarcoma and significantly lower value of 1263.5 × 10−6 mm2/s (SD, 100.2 × 10−6 mm2/s) for chordoma ( P = 0.001/median test). Conclusion An off-midline growth pattern can differentiate chondrosarcoma from chordoma on cMRI in a majority of patients. Additional DWI is a promising tool for the differentiation of these skull base tumors.
Improving Instructional Simulation With Structural Debriefing
Authors: Pavlov Oleg V. , Saeed Khalid , Robinson Lawrence W. 
Published: February 2015

Background. Research shows that learning and task performance improve when participants in management exercises understand the structure of the system they control. However, the majority of business simulators are black-boxes. Aim. This article introduces structural debriefing, which is a debriefing activity aimed at helping students learn about causal relationships, feedbacks, accumulations, and delays within a black-box simulation. Method. A structural debriefing can be prepared and facilitated by following the Structural Debriefing Protocol. Results. A pilot study was conducted in which undergraduate students participated in a structural debriefing of The LITTLEFIELD TECHNOLOGIES, a popular simulation for teaching principles of operations management. The students were able to complete all eight steps of a structural debriefing, but required considerable time (three academic terms) to do so. Not every instructional simulation will require all the steps or such a large time commitment. Conclusion. The successful completion of the pilot study demonstrates that structural debriefing is a useful debriefing technique. However, to be effective, the scope and format of a structural debriefing activity must suit practical and pedagogical considerations.
Crystallographic orientation-dependent pattern replication in direct imprint of aluminum nanostructures
Authors: Yuan Ying , Zhang Junjie , Sun Tao , Liu Cong , Geng Yanquan , Yan Yongda , Jin Peng 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
In the present work, we perform molecular dynamics simulations corroborated by experimental validations to elucidate the underlying deformation mechanisms of single-crystalline aluminum under direct imprint using a rigid silicon master. We investigate the influence of crystallographic orientation on the microscopic deformation behavior of the substrate materials and its correlation with the macroscopic pattern replications. Furthermore, the surface mechanical properties of the patterned structures are qualitatively characterized by nanoindentation tests. Our results reveal that dislocation slip and deformation twinning are two primary plastic deformation modes of single-crystalline aluminum under the direct imprint. However, both the competition between the individual deformation mechanisms and the geometry between activated dislocation slip systems and imprinted surface vary with surface orientation, which in turn leads to a strong crystallographic orientation dependence of the pattern replications. It is found that the (010) orientation leads to a better quality of pattern replication of single-crystalline aluminum than the (111) orientation.
The modified Ishikawa iterative algorithm with errors for a countable family of Bregman totally quasi-D-asymptotically nonexpansive mappings in reflexive Banach spaces
Authors: Ni Ren-Xing , Yao Jen-Chih 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn this paper, a new modified Ishikawa iterative algorithm with errors by a shrinking projection method for generalized mixed equilibrium problems and a countable family of uniformly Bregman totally quasi-D-asymptotically nonexpansive mappings is introduced and investigated in the framework of a real Banach space. Strong convergence of the sequence generated by the proposed algorithm is derived under some suitable assumptions. These results are new and develop some recent results in this field.
College major peer effects and attrition from the sciences
Authors: Luppino Marc , Sander Richard 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis paper examines how peer quality within distinct college majors affects graduation rates and major persistence. To mitigate the selection problem, we control for school-specific fixed effects, as well as very flexible application-admissions pattern fixed effects. Non-science peer quality appears to have a positive effect on both the likelihood that a student chooses a science major and on his or her cumulative GPA. Conversely, students who attend campuses with stronger peers in the sciences are less likely to graduate with a science degree. Weaker, non-minority students typically react to stronger peers in the sciences by shifting majors. Under-represented minorities tend to persist in the sciences regardless of peer quality, but in more competitive programs they suffer – often substantially – in terms of college grades and the likelihood of graduating.
Defective circulating CD4+LAP+ regulatory T cells in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Zhu Zheng-Feng , Tang Ting-Ting , Dong Wen-Yong , Li Yuan-Yuan , Xia Ni , Zhang Wen-Cai , Zhou Su-Feng , Yuan Jing , Liao Meng-Yang , Li Jing-Jing , Jiao Jiao , Nie Shao-Fang , Wang Qing , Tu Xin , Xu Cheng-Qi , Liao Yu-Hua , Shi Guo-Ping , Cheng Xiang 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
There has been increasing evidence that chronic immune activation plays critical roles in the pathogenesis of DCM. CD4+ LAP+ Tregs are a newly identified T cell subset with suppressive function on the immune response. This study was designed to investigate whether the circulating frequency and function of CD4+LAP+ Tregs would be impaired in patients with DCM. The results demonstrated that DCM patients had a significantly lower frequency of circulating CD4+LAP+ Tregs compared with control donors. CD4+LAP+ Tregs from DCM patients showed compromised function to suppress proliferation of CD4+ LAP−CD25int/low T cells and proliferation and IgG production of B cells. Moreover, B cell proliferation and IgG subset production could be directly suppressed by CD4+ LAP+ Tregs. TGF-β and contact-dependent mechanisms were involved in CD4+LAP+ Treg-mediated suppression. Correlation analysis suggested that CD4+LAP+ Treg frequency was positively correlated with LVEF and negatively correlated with serum IgG3 and NT-proBNP concentration in patients with DCM. Our results are the first to demonstrate that the frequencies of CD4+LAP+ Tregs in patients with DCM are reduced and that their suppressive function is compromised. Defective CD4+ LAP+ Tregs may be an underlying mechanism of immune activation in DCM patients.
Syntheses, Structures, and Properties of Biphosphinines Tethered Aromatic π-System
Authors: Nagahora Noriyoshi , Ogawa Tamaki , Honda Maki , Fujii Motomi , Tokumaru Hiroshi , Sasamori Takahiro , Shioji Kosei , Okuma Kentaro 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The syntheses of a series of biphosphinine derivatives inserted an aromatic π-spacer have been achieved. Their absorption, emission properties, and electrochemical behavior are also disclosed.
Virtual Teams: How to Operate a Project at Distance?
Authors: ����������  , Kudryavtseva Ekaterina 
Published: February 2015

Virtual project teams� features that affect a project success are considered
in this paper. Most of authors agree that the virtual team success depends
largely on human relationships, solidarity and trust, which construction is
virtual teams� main problem, than on team members technical skills. However,
there are studies which claim that a communications choice determines
the project success. This work purpose is to investigate what factors,
skills and qualities should prevail among virtual team members, in particular
at the team head, which lead to projects successful implementation. Virtual
team formation steps had been formulated based on literature review, interviews
and experiments; features of work, trust importance, and project
manager role had been defined.
Project Activity as a Method of Developing Self-Identification and Communicative Competencies of Pupils in the Information Environment of the Federal State Educational Standards
Authors: ����������  , Gorodilina Tatiana 
Published: February 2015

This article presents results of project activity in the conditions of transition to the new structure of the educational standard based on the system-activity
approach. New educational standard makes project activity a compulsory subject � �Individual project�. In this situation different issues and potentials
of educational system, concerning creating space for development of students as actors, were examined. This space is a system for training and development
of personality in educational environment that is important given contemporary level of technical communication systems� penetration into
culture space. This influence the transformation of interpersonal interaction systems, which is commonly connected with cultural codes changings. The
article presents a stepped model of development of project thinking. This model promotes opening of student�s self-actualization and mastering the skill
of self-regulation, that are necessary in project activity.
Always and already excessive: Theorizing diva performativity in a TAMU studio soprano
Authors: Adamy Hannah P. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
There is no word that brings to mind simultaneous bodily, vocal and affect excess quite like ‘diva’. Contrary to popular belief, the opera diva’s behaviours both in and outside performance are results of her training and the Euro-classical repertoire. On the levels of the body, voice and affect, the student soprano studies and performs a particular kind of ‘divaness’. She inures herself into a particular tradition that teaches discipline through repertoire. Through an analysis of Euro-classical pedagogical discipline on a soprano’s body, voice and affective display, this article presents a theory of diva performativity using Judith Hamera’s definition of virtuosity, Roland Barthes’ ‘The grain of the voice’, Wayne Koestenbaum’s discussion of ‘divaness’, and Naomi Cumming’s illuminations of Richard Schechner’s ‘not me, not not me’. At these levels, a soprano’s vocal study teaches her to be always and already excessive.
New accountability in California through local control funding reforms: The promise and the gaps
Authors: Affeldt John T. 
Published: February 2015

California is in the midst of the nation’s most significant current overhaul of a state school funding and accountability system. This paper examines the state’s recent reforms enacted through the Local Control Funding Formula (LCFF) against the new accountability framework articulated by Linda Darling-Hammond, Gene Wilhoit, and Linda Pittenger in their August 2014 paper in this publication. There the authors addressed the need for states to align their accountability systems with new college and career-ready learning standards through “a focus on [1] meaningful learning, enabled by [2] professionally skilled and committed educators, and supported by [3] adequate and appropriate resources” (Darling-Hammond, Wilhoit, & Pittenger, 2014). Many key aspects of LCFF align California with the vision of a new accountability that promises to prepare the state’s students with 21st century college and career ready skills; other key building blocks must yet be put in place if California and its students are to realize the promise of the new paradigm.
River-Crabbed Shitizens and Missing Knives: A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Trends in Chinese Language Use Online as a Result of Censorship
Authors: Wozniak Audrey M. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
In today’s digital age, the online public domain, particularly social networking websites, is the new frontier for the battle between censors and dissidents. This paper examines linguistic trends in the ways in which Chinese web users exploit Chinese phonology, morphology, and orthography to avoid notice by online censors through the lenses of pragmatics and critical discourse analysis. The linguistic transformations can be divided into 1) phonologically derived transformations, e.g. the well known “river crab” (héxiè, 河蟹) in place of the word “harmony” (héxié, 和谐); 2a) character suggestion (phono-orthographical) e.g. referring to former Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (Wēn Jiābǎo, 温家宝) as “Teletubby” (tiānxiàn bǎobǎo, 天线宝宝) because of the two names’ shared character 宝 (bǎo); and 2b) character suggestion (morpho-orthographical) e.g. the made-up word 目田 (mù tián, “eye field”) being substituted for 自由 (zìyóu, “freedom”). Consequently, introducing multiple linguistic transformations, in particular introducing elements of foreign languages and ideograms, drastically increases the level of encoding. This paper presents examples of combination methods, including Chinese-English compound words that connote disparate yet interdependent meanings in multiple languages meanings, as well as the youth culture phenomenon of Martian language, or 吙☆魰 (火星文, huǒxīng wén). In characterizing the ways in which web users manipulate Chinese language, this paper aims to demonstrate that these transformation techniques are inherent to the Chinese language as well as a byproduct of the relationship between web users and censors, reflected in the encoded subversive messages heavy reliance on political and cultural references. Thus, interpreting the output strings of subversive messages requires both linguistic knowledge and social context.
Minimal resolutions, Chow forms and Ulrich bundles on K3 surfaces
Authors: Aprodu Marian , Farkas Gavril , Ortega Angela 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The Minimal Resolution Conjecture (MRC) for points on a projective variety X predicts that the Betti numbers of general sets of points in X are as small as the geometry (Hilbert function) of X allows. To a large extent, we settle this conjecture for a curve C with general moduli. We then proceed to find a full solution to the Ideal Generation Conjecture for curves with general moduli. In a different direction, we prove that

K
⁢
3

K3

surfaces admit Ulrich bundles of every rank. We apply this to describe a pfaffian equation for the Chow form of a

K
⁢
3

K3

surface.