bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of positron emission tomography/computed tomography surveillance at 12 and 24 months for detecting head and neck cancer recurrence
Authors: Ho Allen S. , Tsao Gabriel J. , Chen Frank W. , Shen Tianjie , Kaplan Michael J. , Colevas A. Dimitrios , Fischbein Nancy J. , Quon Andrew , Le Quynh‐Thu , Pinto Harlan A. , Fee Willard E. , Sunwoo John B. , Sirjani Davud , Hara Wendy , Yao Mike 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:In head and neck cancer (HNC), 3‐month post‐treatment positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) reliably identifies persistent/recurrent disease. However, further PET/CT surveillance has unclear benefit. The impact of post‐treatment PET/CT surveillance on outcomes is assessed at 12 and 24 months.METHODS:A 10‐year retrospective analysis of HNC patients was carried out with long‐term serial imaging. Imaging at 3 months included either PET/CT or magnetic resonance imaging, with all subsequent imaging comprised of PET/CT. PET/CT scans at 12 and 24 months were evaluated only if preceding interval scans were negative. Of 1114 identified patients, 284 had 3‐month scans, 175 had 3‐ and 12‐month scans, and 77 had 3‐, 12‐, and 24‐month scans.RESULTS:PET/CT detection rates in clinically occult patients were 9% (15 of 175) at 12 months, and 4% (3 of 77) at 24 months. No difference in outcomes was identified between PET/CT‐detected and clinically detected recurrences, with similar 3‐year disease‐free survival (41% vs 46%, P = .91) and 3‐year overall survival (60% vs 54%, P = .70) rates. Compared with 3‐month PET/CT, 12‐month PET/CT demonstrated fewer equivocal reads (26% vs 10%, P < .001). Of scans deemed equivocal, 6% (5 of 89) were ultimately found to be positive.CONCLUSIONS:HNC patients with negative 3‐month imaging appear to derive limited benefit from subsequent PET/CT surveillance. No survival differences were observed between PET/CT‐detected and clinically detected recurrences, although larger prospective studies are needed for further investigation. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Navigating Latinas with breast screen abnormalities to diagnosis
Authors: Ramirez Amelie G. , Pérez‐Stable Eliseo J. , Penedo Frank J. , Talavera Gregory A. , Carrillo J. Emilio , Fernandez Maria E. , Holden Alan E. C. , Munoz Edgar , San Miguel Sandra , Gallion Kip 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND.Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths in Latinas, chiefly because of later diagnosis. The time from screening to diagnosis is critical to optimizing cancer care, yet the efficacy of navigation in reducing it is insufficiently documented. Here, the authors evaluate a culturally sensitive patient navigation program to reduce the time to diagnosis and increase the proportions of women diagnosed within 30 days and 60 days.METHODS.The authors analyzed 425 Latinas who had Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI‐RADS) radiologic abnormalities categorized as BI‐RADS‐3, BI‐RADS‐4, or BI‐RADS‐5 from July 2008 to January 2011. There were 217 women in the navigated group and 208 women in the control group. Women were navigated by locally trained navigators or were not navigated (data for this group were abstracted from charts). The Kaplan‐Meier method, Cox proportional hazards regression, and logistic regression were used to determine differences between groups.RESULTS.The time to diagnosis was shorter in the navigated group (mean, 32.5 days vs 44.6 days in the control group; hazard ratio, 1.32; P = .007). Stratified analysis revealed that navigation significantly shortened the time to diagnosis among women who had BI‐RADS‐3 radiologic abnormalities (mean, 21.3 days vs 63.0 days; hazard ratio, 2.42; P < .001) but not among those who had BI‐RADS‐4 or BI‐RADS‐5 radiologic abnormalities (mean, 37.6 days vs 36.9 days; hazard ratio, 0.98; P = .989). Timely diagnosis occurred more frequently among navigated Latinas (within 30 days: 67.3% vs 57.7%; P = .045; within 60 days: 86.2% vs 78.4%; P = .023). This was driven by the BI‐RADS‐3 strata (within 30 days: 83.6% vs 50%; P < .001; within 60 days: 94.5% vs 67.2%; P < .001). A lack of missed appointments was associated with timely diagnosis.CONCLUSIONS.Patient‐centered navigation to assist Latina women with abnormal screening mammograms appeared to reduced the time to diagnosis and increase rates of timely diagnosis overall. However, in stratified analyses, only navigated Latinas with an initial BI‐RADS‐3 screen benefited, probably because of a reduction in missed diagnostic appointments. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Molecular cloning and characterization of chicken neuronal intermediate filament protein α‐internexin
Authors: Liu Chi‐Hsiu , Chien Chung‐Liang 
Published: December 2012

Abstractα‐Internexin is one of the neuronal intermediate filament (IF) proteins, which also include low‐, middle‐, and high‐molecular‐weight neurofilament (NF) triplet proteins, designated NFL, NFM, and NFH, respectively. The expression of α‐internexin occurs in most neurons as they begin differentiation and precedes the expression of the NF triplet proteins in mammals. However, little is known about the gene sequence and physiological function of α‐internexin in avians. In this study we describe the molecular cloning of the mRNA sequence encoding the chicken α‐internexin (chkINA) protein from embryonic brains. The gene structure and predicted amino acid sequence of chkINA exhibited high similarity to those of its zebrafish, mouse, rat, bovine, and human homologs. Data from transient‐transfection experiments show that the filamentous pattern of chkINA was found in transfected cells and colocalized with other endogenous IFs, as demonstrated via immunocytochemistry using a chicken‐specific antibody. The expression of chkINA was detected at the early stage of development and increased during the developmental process of the chicken. chkINA was expressed widely in chicken brains and colocalized with NF triplet proteins in neuronal processes, as assessed using immunohistochemistry. We also found that chkINA was expressed abundantly in the developing cerebellum and was the major IF protein in the parallel processes of granule neurons. Thus, we suggest that chkINA is a neuron‐specific IF protein that may be a useful marker for studies of chicken brain development. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:2147–2164, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Environmentally Benign and Efficient Ag2S‐ZnO Nanowires as Photoanodes for Solar Cells: Comparison with CdS‐ZnO Nanowires
Authors: Hwang Insung , Yong Kijung 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn this work, we develop a low‐temperature, facile solution reaction route for the fabrication of quantum‐dot‐sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) containing Ag2S‐ZnO nanowires (NWs), simultaneously ensuring low manufacturing costs and environmental safety. For comparison, a CdS‐ZnO NW photoanode was also prepared using the layer‐by‐layer growth method. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy analysis revealed type‐II band alignments for the band structures of both photoanodes which facilitate electron transfer/collection. Compared to CdS‐ZnO QDSSCs, Ag2S‐ZnO QDSSCs exhibit a considerably higher short‐circuit current density (Jsc) and a strongly enhanced light‐harvesting efficiency, but lower open‐circuit voltages (Voc), resulting in almost the same power‐conversion efficiency of 1.2 %. Through this work, we demonstrate Ag2S as an efficient quantum‐dot‐sensitizing material that has the potential to replace Cd‐based sensitizers for eco‐friendly applications.
Supervisee Self‐disclosure: A Clinical Psychology Perspective
Authors: Spence Nicola , Fox John R. E. , Golding Laura , Daiches Anna 
Published: December 2012

Clinical supervision is a multi‐functional intervention within numerous psychotherapeutic professions, including clinical psychology. It often relies on supervisees' verbal disclosures of pertinent information. There is limited research on supervisee self‐disclosure in the UK, and none using clinical psychology populations. This study aimed to address the limitations in the evidence base. It used a constructivist grounded theory methodology to investigate qualified UK clinical psychologists' use of self‐disclosure in supervision in order to develop a theoretical understanding of their self‐disclosure processes. Ten clinical psychologists from various time points across the career span were recruited to the study. Four core conceptual categories were identified in the analysis as being integral to participants' decision‐making processes: ‘Setting the Scene’, ‘Supervisory Relationship’, ‘Using Self‐disclosure’ and ‘Reviewing Outcome of Self‐disclosure’. These four categories are comprised of a number of subcategories. The study's findings are compared with the current literature base, and it is argued that there are tensions with the scientist–practitioner model as it could be interpreted to encourage an expert stance, which may limit the self‐disclosure of qualified supervisees. The implications of this perspective are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message:

Supervision is a key process in supporting qualified clinical psychologists and the use of disclosure appears to be important in facilitating useful supervision.
It appears that clinical psychologists go through a number of complex processes in deciding whether to self disclose.
Diversely Substituted Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrazine‐8‐oxo‐3‐carbaldehydes: An Iodine‐Mediated Cyclization/Oxidation Approach
Authors: Mishra Nigam M. , Vachhani Dipak D. , Modha Sachin G. , Van der Eycken Erik V. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA mild and efficient iodine‐mediated intramolecular heteroannulation approach for the construction of the imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrazinone core has been developed. Under ambient conditions, this metal‐free protocol allows easy access to densely functionalized imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrazinone‐3‐carbaldehydes or (aminomethyl)imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrazinones from substrates containing terminal alkynes by cyclization and subsequent oxidation or amination. Further diversification may be introduced by using substrates containing an internal alkyne and/or Suzuki coupling after cyclization to generate polysubstituted (dihydro)imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrazinones.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Imidazolium and Triazolium Chiral Ionic Liquids
Authors: Borowiecki Paweł , Milner‐Krawczyk Małgorzata , Brzezińska Dominika , Wielechowska Monika , Plenkiewicz Jan 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA simple and efficient procedure for the synthesis of new optically active imidazolium and triazolium ionic liquids in a three step reaction sequence is described. In the first step, the ring opening of 1,2‐butylene oxide by imidazole or 1,2,4‐triazole resulted in the formation of N‐2‐hydroxybutylimidazole and N‐2‐hydroxybutyl‐1,2,4‐triazole, respectively. In the second step, racemic mixtures of the secondary alcohols were resolved with good enantioselectivity by a lipase‐catalyzed transesterification with enol esters (vinyl acetate and 1‐acetoxy‐2‐methylcyclohexene). In the final step, the optically active intermediates were alkylated with several haloalkanes to yield optically active ionic liquids. The inhibitory activity of the synthesized ionic liquids was tested towards gram‐negative and gram‐positive bacteria and fungi.
Comparative Response of Biosensing Platforms Based on Synthesized Graphene Oxide and Electrochemically Reduced Graphene
Authors: Casero E. , Alonso C. , Vázquez L. , Petit‐Domínguez M. D. , Parra‐Alfambra A. M. , de la Fuente M. , Merino P. , Álvarez‐García S. , de Andrés A. , Pariente F. , Lorenzo E. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn this work, we report the synthesis and characterization of different kinds of graphene nanomaterials and their applicability to the development of biosensing platforms. We have synthesized graphene oxide (GO) following a modified Hummer’s method, which has been subsequently reduced by electrochemical procedures. This reduction strategy precludes the employment of toxic solvents, leading to a product, electrochemically reduced graphene (ERG), free of contaminants. The characterization of the synthesized nanomaterials has been performed by different techniques such as X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The information gathered by this combination of techniques confirms that i) the synthesis methodology affords the production of GO nanosheets, which present a typical lateral dimension of several hundreds of nanometers and a thickness value of 1.3±0.1 nm, ii) the reduction step has been successfully achieved leading to graphene nanosheets free of oxygen functionalities with an average lateral dimension of at least 1 micrometer and a thickness value of 2.8±0.2 nm. Once we have confirmed that both materials have been successfully synthesized, we have studied the effect of the effect of their inclusion in biosensing platforms on the analytical response, selecting a lactate oxidase based biosensor as a model system. We have demonstrated that although the incorporation of GO or ERG to the device results in an enhancement of the analytical response of the resulting biosensing platform, the former system offers slightly better analytical properties and a more reproducible response than the ERG one.
Acute B lymphoblastic leukaemia‐propagating cells are present at high frequency in diverse lymphoblast populations
Authors: Rehe Klaus , Wilson Kerrie , Bomken Simon , Williamson Daniel , Irving Julie , den Boer Monique L. , Stanulla Martin , Schrappe Martin , Hall Andrew G. , Heidenreich Olaf , Vormoor Josef 
Published: December 2012

AbstractLeukaemia‐propagating cells are more frequent in high‐risk acute B lymphoblastic leukaemia than in many malignancies that follow a hierarchical cancer stem cell model. It is unclear whether this characteristic can be more universally applied to patients from non‐‘high‐risk’ sub‐groups and across a broad range of cellular immunophenotypes. Here, we demonstrate in a wide range of primary patient samples and patient samples previously passaged through mice that leukaemia‐propagating cells are found in all populations defined by high or low expression of the lymphoid differentiation markers CD10, CD20 or CD34. The frequency of leukaemia‐propagating cells and their engraftment kinetics do not differ between these populations. Transcriptomic analysis of CD34high and CD34low blasts establishes their difference and their similarity to comparable normal progenitors at different stages of B‐cell development. However, consistent with the functional similarity of these populations, expression signatures characteristic of leukaemia propagating cells in acute myeloid leukaemia fail to distinguish between the different populations. Together, these findings suggest that there is no stem cell hierarchy in acute B lymphoblastic leukaemia.→See accompanying article http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/emmm.201202207
Practice‐oriented probabilistic seismic performance assessment of infilled frames with consideration of shear failure of columns
Authors: Celarec Daniel , Dolšek Matjaž 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe objective of the study presented in this paper is to investigate the effects of masonry infills on the shear demand and failure of columns for the case when reinforced concrete frames with such infills are modeled by means of simplified nonlinear models that are not capable of the direct simulation of these effects. It is shown that an approximate simulation of the shear failure of columns can be achieved through an iterative procedure that involves pushover analysis, post‐processing of the analysis results using limit‐state checks of the components, and model adaptation if shear failure of columns is detected. The fragility parameters and the mean annual frequency of limit‐state exceedance are computed on the basis of nonlinear dynamic analysis by using an equivalent SDOF model. The proposed methodology is demonstrated by means of two examples. It was shown that the strength of the four‐story and seven‐story buildings and their deformation capacity are significantly overestimated if column shear failure due to the effects of masonry infills is neglected, whereas the mean annual frequency of limit‐state exceedance for the analyzed limit states is significantly larger than that estimated for the case if the shear failure of columns is neglected. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combined toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals to biochemical and antioxidant responses of free and immobilized Selenastrum capricornutum
Authors: Wang Ping , Luo Lijuan , Ke Lin , Luan Tiangang , Tam Nora Fung-Yee 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The aquatic environment often contains different groups of contaminants, but their combined toxicity on microalgae has seldom been reported. The present study compared the toxic effects of combined mixed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals on growth and antioxidant responses of free and immobilized microalga, Selenastrum capricornutum. Five PAHs—phenanthrene, fluorene, fluoranthene, pyrene, and benzo[a]pyrene—and four heavy metals at different concentrations—0.05 to 0.1 µg Cd2+ ml−1, 0.05 to 1 µg Cu2+ ml−1, 0.05 to 1 µg Zn2+ ml−1, and 0.5 to 2.5 µg Ni2+ ml−1—were examined. Results showed that the chlorophyll a content of free and immobilized S. capricornutum was not affected by PAHs but was significantly inhibited by heavy metals. Conversely, the antioxidant parameters, including the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) and the activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, were significantly induced by both PAHs and metals. For the combined toxic effects of PAHs and heavy metals, cell growth and antioxidant responses varied with exposure time and contaminants and differed between free and immobilized cells. The effects of cocontaminants on the GSH content in free cells were mainly synergistic but changed to antagonistic in immobilized cells. The toxic effects of cocontamination on free cells were also more obvious than those on immobilized cells. These findings suggest that immobilization offers some protection to microalgal cells against toxic contaminants causing differences in the interaction and responses to combined toxicants between free and immobilized cells. Immobilized cells might be more suitable for treating wastewater containing toxic contaminants than free cells. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:673–683. © 2012 SETAC
Regional inhibition of cholinesterase in free-ranging western pond turtles (Emys marmorata) occupying California mountain streams
Authors: Meyer Erik , Sparling Donald , Blumenshine Steve 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The present study investigated the potential effects of cholinesterase (ChE)-inhibiting pesticides on western pond turtles (Emys marmorata) occupying streams in two regions of California, USA. The southern region was suspected of having increased exposure to atmospheric deposition of contaminants originating from Central Valley agriculture. The northern region represented reference ChE activities because this area was located outside of the prominent wind patterns that deposit pesticides into the southern region. Total ChE activity was measured in plasma from a total of 81 turtles from both regions. Cholinesterase activity of turtles was significantly depressed by 31% (p = 0.005) in the southern region after accounting for additional sources of variation in ChE activity. Male turtles had significantly increased ChE activity compared with females (p = 0.054). Cloaca temperature, length, mass, handling time, body condition, and lymph presence were not significant predictors of turtle ChE activity. In the southern region, 6.3% of the turtles were below the diagnostic threshold of two standard deviations less than the reference site mean ChE activity. Another diagnostic threshold determined that 75% of the turtles from the southern region had ChE activities depressed by 20% of the reference mean. The decrease in ChE activity in the southern region suggests sublethal effects of pesticide exposure, potentially altering neurotransmission, which can result in various deleterious behaviors. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:692–698. © 2012 SETAC
Empowering the voice of youth: The role of youth advisory councils in grant making focused on youth
Authors: Richards‐Schuster Katie 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis article will focus on the potential role for youth evaluation advisory groups within youth grant‐making organizations and networks. The main elements to be discussed include the formation of the network, the training program elements, some specific examples of efforts by young people to create and strengthen evaluation within their YACs (youth advisory councils), and the lessons learned. ©Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Chemical composition of the giant red sea cucumber, Parastichopus californicus, commercially harvested in Alaska
Authors: Bechtel Peter J. , Oliveira Alexandra C. M. , Demir Necla , Smiley Scott 
Published: December 2012

AbstractGiant red sea cucumbers, Parastichopus californicus, are commercially harvested in the U.S. Pacific Northwest; however, the nutritional and chemical properties of its edible muscle bands and body wall have not been fully elucidated. In particular are the fatty acid profiles of P. californicus tissues, which have not been documented. Sea cucumbers were delivered live and muscle bands and body wall freeze dried, vacuum packed, and stored at −30°C until analyzed. Proximate composition of freeze‐dried tissues varied greatly with muscle bands being composed of 68% protein, 12% ash, 9% carbohydrate, and 5% lipids, while the body wall was composed of 47% protein, 26% ash, 15% carbohydrate, and 8% lipids. The hydroxyproline, proline, and glycine contents of the body wall were much higher than those in muscle bands, consistent with the larger amount of connective tissue. Calcium, magnesium, sodium, and iron contents were higher in the body wall than those in muscle bands, whereas the opposite was observed for zinc content. Total long‐chain n‐3 fatty acid contents were 19% and 32% of total fatty acids in body wall and muscle bands, respectively. Muscle bands had higher content of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n‐3) than body wall at 22.6% and 12.3%, respectively. High content of arachidonic acid (20:4n‐6) was recorded in both body wall (7.1%) and muscle bands (9.9%). Overall, the fatty acid profiles of body wall and muscle bands of P. californicus resemble those described for other species; however, the distribution and occurrence of certain fatty acids is unique to P. californicus, being representative of the fatty acid composition of temperate‐polar marine organisms. The chemical characterization of freeze‐dried edible tissues from P. californicus demonstrated that these products have valuable nutritional properties. The body wall, a food product of lower market value than muscle bands, could be better utilized for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications.