bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ITK tunes IL-4-induced development of innate memory CD8+ T cells in a γδ T and invariant NKT cell-independent manner
Authors: Huang Weishan , Huang Fei , Kannan Arun Kumar , Hu Jianfang , August Avery 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTTrue memory CD8+ T cells develop post antigenic exposure and can provide life-long immune protection. More recently, other types of memory CD8+ T cells have been described, such as the memory-like CD8+ T cells (IMP; CD44hiCD122+) that arise spontaneously in Itk−/− mice, which are suggested to develop as a result of IL-4 secreted by NKT-like γδ T or PLZF+ NKT cells found in Itk−/− mice. However, we report here that whereas IMP CD8+ T cell development in Itk−/− mice is dependent on IL-4/STAT6 signaling, it is not dependent on any γδ T or iNKT cells. Our experiments suggest that the IMP develops as a result of tuning of the CD8+ T cell response to exogenous IL-4 and TCR triggering by ITK and challenge the current model of IMP CD8+ T cell development as a result of NKT-like γδ T or iNKT cells. These findings suggest that some naive CD8+ T cells may be preprogrammed by weak homeostatic TCR signals in the presence of IL-4 to become memory phenotype cells with the ability to elaborate effector function rapidly. The role of ITK in this process suggests a mechanism by which IMP CD8+ T cells can be generated rapidly in response to infection.
Carbon-coated Li2S Synthesized by Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) and Acetylene Black for Lithium Ion Battery Cathodes
Authors: Liu Jun , Nara Hiroki , Yokoshima Tokihiko , Momma Toshiyuki , Osaka Tetsuya 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
A carbon-coated Li2S was prepared through an adsorption and successive annealing process by using poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and acetylene black (AB) as carbon source with Li2S powder. The coating layer was composed of amorphous carbon and embedded AB particles. The carbon coating was found to effectively alleviate the dissolution of polysulfide and the discharge capacity at the first 15 cycles was 800 mA h g−1 with gradual fading afterward.
Catalytic Properties of Mn-Modified Hexagonal YbFeO3: Noble-metal-free Combustion Catalysts
Authors: Hosokawa Saburo , Masuda Yuichi , Nishimura Tatsuya , Wada Kenji , Abe Ryu , Inoue Masashi 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Mn-Modified YbFeO3 with a metastable hexagonal phase prepared via a solvothermal method exhibited much higher catalytic activity for propane combustion at low temperatures than conventional noble-metal catalyst Pd/Al2O3.
Constructive synthesis of Web-based application user interfaces
Authors: Кочуров Евгений , Kochurov Evgeniy 
Published: March 2014

The article discusses the application of the method of constructive
program synthesis to create user interfaces for Web-based applications. Specialized
constructive logic is introduced, which allows to synthesize models of guaranteed
right user interfaces. We consider the software implementation and results of the
practical application of the model.
Modern Analytical Facilities 2. A Review of Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC) Procedures for Lithogeochemical Data
Authors: Piercey Stephen J. 
Published: March 2014

Quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) are critical components of modern analytical geochemistry. A properly constructed QA/QC program identifies both the source of analytical error and provides a means of establishing confidence in and assessing limitations of analytical data. A QA/QC program involves monitoring precision, accuracy, and potential contamination from sampling to analysis. Precision can be monitored via the systematic insertion of sample, pulp, and analytical duplicates, and reference materials; the resulting data are subsequently evaluated using scatterplots, statistical tests (e.g. % relative standard deviation), Thompson-Howarth plots, and the average coefficient of variation (CVavg (%)). Accuracy is determined through the submission of reference materials and monitored using statistical tests (e.g. % relative difference, t-test) and Shewart control charts. Blanks test contamination and results are monitored using Shewart control charts.SOMMAIREL'assurance de la qualité et le contrôle de la qualité (AQ-CQ) sont deux composantes essentielles à la géochimie analytique moderne. Un programme AQ-CQ bien conçu défini à la fois la source de l'erreur d'analyse et un moyen d'établir la confiance et d’évaluer les limites des données analytiques. Un programme AQ-CQ comprend le contrôle de la précision, de l'exactitude et de la contamination potentielle, de l'étape d’échantillonnage à l'analyse. La précision peut être contrôlée via l'insertion systématique d'échantillon, de pulpes, et de doublons d'analyse, et de matériaux de référence; les données obtenues sont ensuite évaluées en utilisant des diagrammes de dispersion, des tests statistiques (pourcentage d’écart type relatif, par ex.), des courbes de Thompson-Howarth, et des coefficients de variation moyens (CVm %). La précision est déterminée par la soumission de documents de référence et de contrôle par des tests statistiques (différence relative en %, t-test, par ex.) et des graphiques de contrôle de Shewhart. La contamination d’essais à blanc et les résultats sont contrôlés par des graphiques de contrôle Shewhart.
The Timing of Strike-Slip Deformation Along the Storstrømmen Shear Zone, Greenland Caledonides: U–Pb Zircon and Titanite Geochronology
Authors: Hallett Benjamin W. , McClelland William C. , Gilotti Jane A. 
Published: March 2014

The Storstrømmen shear zone (SSZ) in the Greenland Caledonides is widely interpreted to have formed in a transpressional regime during sinistral, oblique collision between Baltica and Laurentia in the Silurian to Devonian. New mapping of the SSZ at Sanddal documents a 100 m thick, greenschistfacies mylonite zone cutting the eclogite to amphibolite-facies gneiss complex. We present U–Pb ion probe geochronology on zircon and titanite from a variety of lithologies that shows the SSZ was active from late Devonian to the Carboniferous (at least until 350 Ma). The age of thrusting in the foreland is not well known, but must be younger than the age of eclogite-facies metamorphism at ~400 Ma. It is, therefore, possible that contraction is the same age as strike-slip motion, and that transpression is a viable model. The timing of the SSZ is synchronous with dextral strike-slip displacement on the Germania Land deformation zone. Simultaneous displacement on sinistral and dextral, conjugate shear zones suggests that the SSZ is part of a strikeslip fault system that led to lateral escape of material northward (present day coordinates) during the waning stages of plate convergence between Laurentia and Baltica.SOMMAIRELa zone de cisaillement de Storstrømmen (SSZ) dans les Calédonides du Groenland est généralement comprise comme ayant été formée durant un régime de transpression sénestre lors de la collision oblique entre Baltica et Laurentie, du Silurien au Dévonien. Une nouvelle cartographie de la SSZ à Sanddal décrit une zone de 100 m d’épaisseur de mylonite au faciès des schistes verts qui recoupe un complexe de gneiss au faciès éclogite à amphibolite. Notre analyse géochronologique par sonde ionique U-Pb sur zircon et titanite sur diverses lithologies, montre que la SSZ a été active de la fin du Dévonien jusqu’au Carbonifère (au moins jusqu’à 350 Ma). L’âge du chevauchement dans l’avant-pays n’est pas bien connue, mais il doit être plus jeune que le métamorphisme au faciès d’éclogite à ~400 Ma. Il est donc possible que la contraction soit du même âge que le mouvement de coulissage, et que la transpression soit un modèle viable. La chronologie de la SSZ est synchrone au mouvement de coulissage dextre de la zone de déformation de Germania Land. Les déplacements simultanés, sénestre et dextre, sur des zones de cisaillement conjuguées permettent de penser que la SSZ fait partie d’un système de décrochement qui a engendré une éjection latérale de matériau vers le nord (selon les coordonnées actuelles) durant les stades de convergence des plaques Laurentie et Baltica.
Money Talks: Rebate Mechanisms in Reputation System Design
Authors: Li Lingfang (Ivy) , Xiao Erte 
Published: March 2014

Reputation systems that rely on voluntary feedback from traders are important in creating and sustaining trust in markets. Feedback nevertheless is a public good, and providing it is often costly. We combine theory with a laboratory experiment to study the effect of a seller precommitment mechanism: Sellers have an option to commit by providing a rebate to reduce the buyer's feedback reporting cost before making purchasing decisions. Our theory predicts that this mechanism induces noncooperative sellers to cooperate in the listed-price market. Using a buyer–seller trust game with a unilateral feedback scheme, we find that the seller's rebate decision has a significant impact on the buyer's purchasing decision via signaling the seller's cooperative type. More importantly, market efficiency under the precommitment mechanism increases with the probability that sellers will provide a rebate. Compared with the no rebate mechanism market, more efficient trades can be achieved when the sellers offer a rebate to the buyers in the market with the rebate mechanism, even when the rebate does not cover the full cost of feedback reporting. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2013.1848 . This paper was accepted by Teck-Hua Ho, behavioral economics.
Functional A Posteriori Error Estimation for Stationary Reaction-Convection-Diffusion Problems
Authors: Eigel Martin , Samrowski Tatiana 
Published: March 2014

Abstract.

A functional type a posteriori error estimator for the finite element discretization of the stationary reaction-convection-diffusion equation is derived.
In case of dominant convection, the solution for this class of problems typically exhibits boundary layers and shock-front like areas with steep gradients.
This renders the accurate numerical solution very demanding and appropriate techniques for the adaptive resolution of regions with large approximation errors are crucial.
Functional error estimators as derived here contain no mesh-dependent constants and provide guaranteed error bounds for any conforming approximation.
To evaluate the error estimator, a minimization problem is solved which does not require any Galerkin orthogonality or any specific properties of the employed approximation space.
Based on a set of numerical examples, we assess the performance of the new estimator.
It is observed that it exhibits a good efficiency also with convection-dominated problem settings.
Effect of CuO on the Thermal Stability of Polyaniline Nanofibers
Authors: Khan Mohammad Mizanur Rahman , Wee Yee Keat , Mahmood Wan Ahmad Kamil 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDirect evidence of the control of thermal stability of polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers is reported by systematically varying the loadings of CuO in the synthesis process. The addition of Cu was maintained in the range from 0.005 g to 1.0 g. The freshly prepared PANI-CuO composite nanofibers were investigated by means of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). TGA data showed that the thermal stability of PANI nanofibers was greatly improved when the CuO were added, except for the highest addition of CuO (1.00 g). We also found that 0.01 g loading of CuO is favorable to obtain comparatively more thermally stable PANI than the other amount. The degradation of PANI chains started at 360°C for the PANI-CuO composites obtained at 0.01 g CuO addition, which is the highest temperature compared to PANI and the samples synthesized at other amount of CuO loadings.
Kinetics and Mechanism of Formaldehyde-Free Phenol-Glucose Novolac Resin Cured with an Epoxy
Authors: Zhang Yongsheng , Chen Mingguang , Yuan Zhongshun , Xu Charles (Chunbao) 
Published: March 2014

AbstractFormaldehyde used in manufacture and curing of phenol formaldehyde (PF) resins is a big challenge for the PF industry with respect to sustainability and human health. Glucose has grand potential to replace formaldehyde in synthesis of bio-based phenolic novolac resins curable with hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA, derived from formaldehyde), an obstacle to achieve formaldehyde-free curing. This study reports the curing of phenol-glucose novolac resin with a bis-phenol-A type epoxy without using HMTA. The curing process was investigated by using dynamic differential scanning calorimetry measurements at different heating rates. Apparent activation energy of the curing reaction is 109.6 kJ/mol. Sestak–Berggren equation model was determined to be the reaction model according to Málek methods. The model-predicted reaction rates showed a good agreement with the experimental results. The results showed that the curing process was complicated; the kinetics expression was shown to be first-order autocatalytic reaction.
Integrating geomatics and structural investigation in post-earthquake monitoring of ancient monumental Buildings
Authors: Dominici Donatella , Galeota Dante , Gregori Amedeo , Rosciano Elisa , Alicandro Maria , Elaiopoulos Michail 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe old city center of L’Aquila is rich in historical buildings of considerable merit. On April 6
Review on treatment of premenstrual syndrome: from conventional to alternative approach
Authors: Verma Rohit Kumar , Chellappan Dinesh Kumar , Pandey Awanish Kumar 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is the most common problem associated with women’s health. Most women take alternative therapies for the treatment of PMS along with conventional therapies. A literature search was conducted which investigated various conventional and alternative therapies for the treatment of PMS. Web- and manual-based literature surveys were conducted to assess the information available on conventional and alternative treatment of PMS. Pubmed, Scopus, and Google scholar databases were screened, using the terms ‘PMS and its management’, ‘pharmacotherapy of PMS’, ‘Alternative therapies for the treatment of PMS’. Publications with abstract/full articles and books were reviewed. Based on the available literature, there have been randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and high levels of evidence studies. The review addressed that drosperinone with ethinylestradiol has shown great improvement in symptoms of PMS in various RCTs. Among the alternative therapies use of micronutrients and herbs were found effective in treatment for symptoms of PMS.
A comparative study to evaluate the cardiovascular risk of selective and nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitors (COX-Is) in arthritic patients
Authors: Bhosale Uma A. , Quraishi Nilofar , Yegnanarayan Radha , Devasthale Dileep 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Background: During the past 2 years, a great deal of evaluation has been accomplished on the cardiovascular (CV) effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), nonselective and selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors (COX-2-Is). Clinical trial databases for nonselective and selective COX-2-Is have shown variable effects on CV risk. There is much controversy regarding the CV safety of these selective and nonselective COX inhibitors (COX-Is). This study was therefore conducted to assess and compare the CV risk of COX-Is in arthritic patients over a period of time.

Methods: In this prospective comparative study, adult arthritics of either sex who were freshly diagnosed or taking COX-Is for <3 months were included. Patients were grouped into nonselective and selective COX-2-I groups with reference to the treatment they received, whereas arthritics with no history of COX-I treatment were included as controls. CV risk factors like blood pressure (BP), blood sugar level (BSL), lipid profile, and body mass index (BMI) were assessed and compared; the demography of CV risk factors was also studied. Data obtained were analyzed with Student’s t-test using OpenEpi statistical software (Andrew G. Dean and Kevin M. Sullivan, Atlanta, GA, USA).

Results: The study clearly revealed that all NSAIDs exhibit potential CV risk; however, selective COX-2-Is were found to exhibit more CV risk. BMI, BP and lipid profile, the potential CV risk factors, showed significant impairment in a selective COX-2-I group: p<0.01, p<0.001 and p<0.05, respectively, vs. baseline and p<0.05 for BMI and triglycerides vs. nonselective COX-Is.

Conclusions: This study depicts the impending CV risk of selective COX-2-Is and confirms and reevaluates the results of earlier studies in this regard.
Tests for Price Endogeneity in Differentiated Product Models
Authors: Kim Kyoo il , Petrin Amil 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
We develop simple tests for endogenous prices arising from omitted demand factors in discrete choice models. Our approach only requires one to locate testing proxies that have some correlation with the omitted factors when prices are endogenous. We use the difference between prices and their predicted values given observed demand and supply factors. If prices are exogenous, these proxies should not explain demand given prices and other explanatory variables. We reject exogeneity if these proxies enter significantly in utility as additional explanatory variables. The tests are easy to implement as we show with several Monte Carlos and discuss for three recent demand applications.
On the Robustness of Coefficient Estimates to the Inclusion of Proxy Variables
Authors: Bollinger Christopher R. , Minier Jenny 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
This paper considers the use of multiple proxy measures for an unobserved variable and contrasts the approach taken in the measurement error literature to that of the model specification literature. We find that including all available proxy variables in the regression minimizes the bias on coefficients of correctly measured variables in the regression. We derive a set of bounds for all parameters in the model, and compare these results to extreme bounds analysis. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate the performance of our bounds relative to extreme bounds. We conclude with an empirical example from the cross-country growth literature in which human capital is measured through three proxy variables: literacy rates, and enrollment in primary and secondary school, and show that our approach yields results that contrast sharply with extreme bounds analysis.
TEM study of Green Rust Sodium Sulphate (GRNa,SO4) Interacted with Neptunyl Ions (NpO2
+)
Authors: Bach David , Christiansen Bo C. , Schild Dieter , Geckeis Horst 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Green rust (GR) as sodium sulphate form, NaFe(II)6Fe(III)3(OH)18(SO4)2 · 12H2O, is reacted with
an aqueous solution of neptunyl ions (NpO2
+) and the resulting Np(IV) solid phase is investigated at a nanometer scale
by different transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques, including high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), high-angle annular
dark-field scanning TEM (HAADF-STEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS), and electron energy-loss spectroscopy
(EELS). The aim of the analyses is to achieve insight into the potential immobilization mechanism for Np(V) in the context of
safety assessment of a nuclear-waste repository. The neptunium is found to be immobilized at the edge of the green rust
platelets, in a rim composed of nanocrystallites about 2–3.5 nm in size. The EELS results and more particularly
the HRTEM findings are consistent with NpO2 crystallizing in a fluorite-type structure. Furthermore, the Np-O4,5
edges recorded by EELS at the Np(IV) phase are presented, expanding the EELS-data set currently available in the literature for
Np.
Erbium-169 labeled hydroxyapatite particulates for use in radiation synovectomy of digital joints – a preliminary investigation
Authors: Chakraborty Sudipta , Das Tapas , Chirayil Viju , Lohar Sharad P. , Sarma Haladhar Dev 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Erbium-169 [T
1/2 = 9.4 d, E

β(
max
) = 342 keV (45%) and 351 keV
(55%), E

γ
= 110.5 KeV (0.0014%)] is the most preferred radionuclide for radiation synovectomy
(RSV) of digital joints. Radiolabeled particulates of appropriate size, wherein the radionuclide is irreversibly attached to the
preformed particles, offer distinct advantages as the radiopharmaceuticals for use in RSV over other radiotherapeutic agents in terms
of minimal leakage of radioactivity from the joint cavity. Hyroxyapatite (HA) particles, regarded as one of the most suitable carrier
moiety for radiosynoviortheses applications, have been envisaged for labeling with 169Er with an aim to developing an agent
for RSV of digital joints. Erbium-169 was produced with a specific activity of 415 ± 23 MBq/mg and radionuclidic purity of
99.22 ± 0.17% (both at the end of bombardment) by thermal neutron irradiation of enriched (98.2% in
168Er) erbium target at a flux of ∼ 8 · 1013 n/cm2 s for 21 d. HA particles
(1–10 micrometer size),
synthesized in-house, were labeled with 169Er in high yield and radiochemical purity
(> 99%) using 5 mg of HA particulates at pH 7.5. The radiolabeled particulates showed excellent in vitro
stability in normal saline and human serum. Biodistribution and imaging studies (using 171Er-HA) carried out in normal
Wistar rats following intra-articular injection of 169Er-HA particulates in the knee joint showed near-complete retention
of injected radioactivity within the synovial cavity with almost no activity leaching out to the other organs/tissue.
Hexachlorocyclohexane: persistence, toxicity and decontamination
Authors: Nayyar Namita , Sangwan Naseer , Kohli Puneet , Verma Helianthous , Kumar Roshan , Negi Vivek , Oldach Phoebe , Mahato Nitish Kumar , Gupta Vipin , Lal Rup 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), a persistent organochlorine insecticide, has been extensively used in the past for control of agricultural pests and vector borne diseases. The use of HCH has indeed accrued benefits, however the unusual production of the insecticidal isomer; γ-HCH (lindane) and unregulated disposal of HCH muck has created various dumpsites all over the world, leading to serious environmental concerns. HCH isomers have been ranked as possible human carcinogens and endocrine disruptors with proven teratogenic, mutagenic and genotoxic effects, hence making its decontamination mandatory. Efforts in this direction have led to the isolation of various HCH degrading bacteria from the dumpsites, reflecting their role in HCH bioremediation. This review summarizes the problem of environmental persistence of HCH isomers along with their toxicity and possible solutions for their decontamination.
The comparison of microstructure and oxidation behaviors of (SiC-C)/PyC/SiC and C/PyCHT/SiC composites in air
Authors: Liu Shanhua , Zhang Litong , Yin Xiaowei , Liu Yongsheng , Cheng Laifei , Li Hui , Zhao Chunnian , Guan Kang 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSilicon carbide matrix composite reinforced by both SiC and carbon fibers [(SiC-C)/PyC/SiC] to alleviate the thermal residual stresses (TRS) between carbon fiber and SiC matrix, then reduce the microcracks in the SiC coating as well as in the matrix, was fabricated by chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) process. Compared with C/PyC
Court Officials at Umma in Ur III Times
Authors: Molina Manuel 
Published: March 2014

Abstract:
The present paper aims at investigating the role of court officials in the judicial system of Umma during the Ur III period. For this purpose, a prosopographical study of judges, commissioners, military men, merchants, and other members of the royal, provincial and local administrations has been made. In conclusion, a judicial system with the governor as the highest authority, but with a strong presence of the royal administration, and particularly of the military, is sketched.
“Era of Unrest” and Uruk Prebendaries in the Light of a New Document
Authors: Zawadzki Stefan 
Published: March 2014

Abstract:
The published document, although it is undated and presents a corrupted copy of the original tablet (with one or two lines missing), is important because it can be safely dated to the ‘era of unrest’ (ca. 626–619 BC) and it gives insight into the prebendary system at the outset of the Neo-Babylonian empire.