bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between obsessive‐compulsive symptoms and PARKIN genotype: The CORE‐PD study
Authors: Sharp Madeleine E. , Caccappolo Elise , Mejia‐Santana Helen , Tang Ming‐X. , Rosado Llency , Orbe Reilly Martha , Ruiz Diana , Louis Elan D. , Comella Cynthia , Nance Martha , Bressman Susan , Scott William K. , Tanner Caroline , Waters Cheryl , Fahn Stanley , Cote Lucien , Ford Blair , Rezak Michael , Novak Kevin , Friedman Joseph H. , Pfeiffer Ronald , Payami Haydeh , Molho Eric , Factor Stuart A. , Nutt John , Serrano Carmen , Arroyo Maritza , Pauciulo Michael W. , Nichols William C. , Clark Lorraine N. , Alcalay Roy N. , Marder Karen S. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundFew studies have systematically investigated the association between PARKIN genotype and psychiatric co‐morbidities of Parkison's disease (PD). PARKIN‐associated PD is characterized by severe nigral dopaminergic neuronal loss, a finding that may have implications for behaviors rooted in dopaminergic circuits such as obsessive‐compulsive symptoms (OCS).MethodsThe Schedule of Compulsions and Obsessions Patient Inventory (SCOPI) was administered to 104 patients with early‐onset PD and 257 asymptomatic first‐degree relatives. Carriers of one and two PARKIN mutations were compared with noncarriers.ResultsAmong patients, carriers scored lower than noncarriers in adjusted models (one‐mutation: 13.9 point difference, P = 0.03; two‐mutation: 24.1, P = 0.001), where lower scores indicate less OCS. Among asymptomatic relatives, a trend toward the opposite was seen: mutation carriers scored higher than noncarriers (one mutation, P = 0.05; two mutations, P = 0.13).ConclusionsFirst, a significant association was found between PARKIN mutation status and obsessive‐compulsive symptom level in both PD and asymptomatic patients, suggesting that OCS might represent an early non‐motor dopamine‐dependent feature. Second, irrespective of disease status, heterozygotes were significantly different from noncarriers, suggesting that PARKIN heterozygosity may contribute to phenotype. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Halogen and Hydrogen Bonding Benzothiophene Diol Derivatives: A Study Using ab initio Calculations and X‐Ray Crystal Structure Measurements
Authors: Cadoni Enzo , Ferino Giulio , Pitzanti Patrizia , Secci Francesco , Fattuoni Claudia , Nicolò Francesco , Bruno Giuseppe 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study is to describe and compare the supramolecular interactions, in the solid state, of chloro‐, bromo‐, and iodobenzothiophene diols. The compounds were obtained through organo‐catalyzed reactions starting from 3‐substituted halobenzothiophene carbaldehydes. Energies of the noncovalent interactions were obtained by density functional theory calculations. Bond distances and angles were found to be in accordance with those determined by X‐ray structure analysis. anti‐Bromobenzothiophene derivatives showed strong halogen⋅⋅⋅π interactions between bromine and the heterocyclic phenyl ring, corresponding to an energy of 7.5 kcal mol−1. syn‐Bromo and syn‐iodo derivatives appeared to be isostructural, showing X⋅⋅⋅O (carbonyl) interactions, π stacking, and formation of extended hydrogen bonding networks. In contrast, the chloro derivatives displayed no halogen bonding interactions.
Comparative effectiveness of [18F]‐fluorocholine PET‐CT and pelvic MRI with diffusion‐weighted imaging for staging in patients with high‐risk prostate cancer
Authors: Pinaquy Jean‐Baptiste , De Clermont‐Galleran Henri , Pasticier Gilles , Rigou Gerald , Alberti Nicolas , Hindie Elif , Mokrane Yacoub , Fernandez Philippe 
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUNDAccurate staging is important before surgical decision in patients with high‐risk prostate cancer (PCa). The purpose of this study was to prospectively compare the diagnostic performance of 18F‐FCholine and MRI with diffusion weighted imaging (DWIMRI) for local and regional lymph node (LN) staging before radical prostatectomy (RP) with extended pelvic lymphadenectomy (PLND).METHODSWe identified 47 patients who underwent 18F‐FCholine and DWIMRI followed by surgical treatment (either prostatectomy or LN dissection or an association of prostatectomy and LN dissection) between May 2010 and December 2012 at Bordeaux University Hospital. These patients were part of a prospective study (EudraCT number 2009‐014839‐21) evaluating the interest of 18F‐FCholine in staging of high‐risk PCa. Diagnostic performances were retrospectively determined for each of 18F‐FCholine and DWIMRI considering LN invasion, each of prostate sextants, capsular invasion and extension to seminal vesicles. 18F‐FCholine and MR findings were correlated with histological findings.RESULTSIn a region‐based LN analysis, the sensitivity and positive predictive value specificity were respectively, 56% and 98% for 18F‐Choline, and 17% and 97% for DWIMRI. In a patient‐based analysis the sensitivity and positive predictive value were respectively 78% and 94% for 18F‐Choline and 33% and 84% for DWIMRI (P = 0.015). For tumor staging, DWIMRI showed better performances with a better specificity (69%) for sextants analysis and sensitivity to detect seminal vesicle invasion (73% vs. 36%).CONCLUSIONS18F‐FCholine imaging appears to provide helpful additional information in the staging of high‐risk PCa. It appears essential for predicting LN status due to its higher sensitivity and specificity for LN involvement. However, despite excellent performance, it cannot replace MRI that remains better for tumoral localization and local evaluation, especially for seminal vesicle invasion.PATIENT SUMMARYThis study highlights the interest of 18F‐Choline in the staging of high risk prostate cancer in addition with DWI MRI, especially so in the evaluation of lymph node involvement due to its high sensitivity and excellent specificity. Prostate 75:323–331, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Human α‐amino‐β‐carboxymuconate‐ε‐semialdehyde decarboxylase (ACMSD): A structural and mechanistic unveiling
Authors: Huo Lu , Liu Fange , Iwaki Hiroaki , Li Tingfeng , Hasegawa Yoshie , Liu Aimin 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTHuman α‐amino‐β‐carboxymuconate‐ε‐semialdehyde decarboxylase determines the fate of tryptophan metabolites in the kynurenine pathway by controlling the quinolinate levels for de novo nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis. The unstable nature of its substrate has made gaining insight into its reaction mechanism difficult. Our electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopic study on the Cu‐substituted human enzyme suggests that the native substrate does not directly ligate to the metal ion. Substrate binding did not result in a change of either the hyperfine structure or the super‐hyperfine structure of the EPR spectrum. We also determined the crystal structure of the human enzyme in its native catalytically active state (at 1.99 Å resolution), a substrate analogue‐bound form (2.50 Å resolution), and a selected active site mutant form with one of the putative substrate binding residues altered (2.32 Å resolution). These structures illustrate that each asymmetric unit contains three pairs of dimers. Consistent with the EPR findings, the ligand‐bound complex structure shows that the substrate analogue does not directly coordinate to the metal ion but is bound to the active site by two arginine residues through noncovalent interactions. Proteins 2015; 83:178–187. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Natural Flow Regimes of the Ozark–Ouachita Interior Highlands Region
Authors: Leasure D. R. , Magoulick D. D. , Longing S. D. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractNatural flow regimes represent the hydrologic conditions to which native aquatic organisms are best adapted. We completed a regional river classification and quantitative descriptions of each natural flow regime for the Ozark–Ouachita Interior Highlands region of Arkansas, Missouri and Oklahoma. On the basis of daily flow records from 64 reference streams, seven natural flow regimes were identified with mixture model cluster analysis: Groundwater Stable, Groundwater, Groundwater Flashy, Perennial Runoff, Runoff Flashy, Intermittent Runoff and Intermittent Flashy. Sets of flow metrics were selected that best quantified nine ecologically important components of these natural flow regimes. An uncertainty analysis was performed to avoid selecting metrics strongly affected by measurement uncertainty that can result from short periods of record. Measurement uncertainties (bias, precision and accuracy) were assessed for 170 commonly used flow metrics. The ranges of variability expected for select flow metrics under natural conditions were quantified for each flow regime to provide a reference for future assessments of hydrologic alteration. A random forest model was used to predict the natural flow regimes of all stream segments in the study area based on climate and catchment characteristics, and a map was produced. The geographic distribution of flow regimes suggested distinct ecohydrological regions that may be useful for conservation planning. This project provides a hydrologic foundation for future examination of flow–ecology relationships in the region. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
International trends in public perceptions of climate change over the past quarter century
Authors: Capstick Stuart , Whitmarsh Lorraine , Poortinga Wouter , Pidgeon Nick , Upham Paul 
Published: November 2014

Public perceptions of climate change are known to differ between nations and to have fluctuated over time. Numerous plausible characterizations of these variations, and explanations for them, are to be found in the literature. However, a clear picture has not yet emerged as to the principal trends and patterns that have occurred over the past quarter‐century or the factors behind these changes. This systematic review considers previous empirical research that has addressed the temporal aspects to public perceptions. We address findings that have been obtained since the 1980s and using a range of methodologies. In this review, we consider early, seminal work examining public perceptions; survey studies carried out over long timescales and at an international scale; detailed statistical analyses of the drivers of changing perceptions; and qualitative research featuring a longitudinal component. Studies point to growing skepticism in the latter 2000s in some developed countries, underpinned by economic and sociopolitical factors. Even so, in many parts of the world, there has been growing concern about climate change in recent years. We conclude that the imbalance in the literature toward polling data, and toward studies of public perceptions in Western nations (particularly the United States), leaves much unknown about the progression of public understanding of climate change worldwide. More research is required that uses inferential statistical procedures to understand the reasons behind trends in public perceptions. The application of qualitative longitudinal methodologies also offers the potential for better appreciation of the cultural contexts in which climate change perceptions are evolving. WIREs Clim Change 2015, 6:35–61. doi: 10.1002/wcc.321This article is categorized under:

Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Communication
Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Knowledge and Practice
The sociology of global climate change
Authors: Zehr Stephen 
Published: November 2014

Sociological research on global climate change (GCC) can be found in several subfields, but it has primarily emerged within the theoretical and substantive domain of sociology of the environment. This review provides an overview of sociological literature on climate change and identifies key areas for further research and development. The review focuses on four broad areas: social causes, construction of the problem, relationship between GCC and social inequality, and social dimensions of mitigation and adaptation. WIREs Clim Change 2015, 6:129–150. doi: 10.1002/wcc.328This article is categorized under:

Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Sociology/Anthropology of Climate Knowledge
Endoscopic Transphenoidal Surgery for Acromegaly Improves Quality of Life
Authors: Fathalla Hussein , Cusimano Michael D. , Alsharif Omar M. , Jing Rowan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundAcromegaly has important effects on quality of life (QOL). This is the first study to measure QOL in acromegalic patients after endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (ETSS).MethodsWe prospectively collected the RAND-36, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D), and Pituitary QOL validated questionnaires and patients’ demographics, clinical presentation, endocrine laboratory results, radiological studies, development of complications and remission rates from 20 consecutive acromegalic patients who had undergone endoscopic transphenoidal surgery.ResultsThe eleven females and nine males had an average age of 42 years; 90 percent had macroadenomas and 70% had cavernous sinus invasion on their preoperative imaging. Ninety percent had improved symptoms post-operatively and 80% stated that treatment improved their QOL. Biochemically, 35% were cured, 35% had discordant results and 30% were not cured, while pan-hypopituitarism occurred in 4 patients. Physical health subscales and pituitary-related symptoms were similar to norms. “Social,” “emotional health,” and “energy levels” were significantly lower than norms. Seventy percent stated that their relationship with their physician “very much so” affected their quality of life. Pan hypopituitarism and adjuvant therapy were the most significant predictors of lower QOL subscale scores.ConclusionTranssphenoidal surgery improves QOL in acromegaly. Attempts to achieve a cure, avoidance of surgically induced pan-hypotpituitarism and adjuvant therapy, will improve quality of life. Our study demonstrates the important role of the patient-physician relationship to QOL and the need to measure QOL in addition to the traditional measures of outcome.
Stabilizing action of pressure in homogeneous compressible shear flows: effect of Mach number and perturbation obliqueness
Authors: Kumar G. , Bertsch Rebecca L. , Girimaji Sharath S. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractCompressibility exerts a stabilizing influence on a variety of high-speed shear flows such as turbulent mixing layers, transitioning boundary layers and homogeneously sheared turbulence. An important stabilizing feature that is common amongst all shear flows is the velocity–pressure interaction dynamics. In this study, velocity–pressure interactions of individual perturbation or fluctuation modes are investigated using direct numerical simulations and linear analysis in high-Mach-number homogeneous shear flow. For a given perturbation wave mode, the action of pressure is shown to depend on two important factors: the orientation of the perturbation wavevector with respect to the shear plane and the Mach number. It is shown that the streamwise perturbation wave mode rapidly develops a high level of kinetic energy but is self-limiting owing to the action of pressure. On the other hand, the energy of spanwise perturbation wave modes grows unaffected by pressure or Mach number. Oblique modes combine spanwise and streamwise characteristics and are shown to be chiefly responsible for stabilizing effects seen in shear flows. Three regimes of obliqueness of different linear stability characteristics are identified. The critical role of perturbation obliqueness on stabilization is established.
CONSERVATIVE POLITICAL ECONOMY AND THE PROBLEM OF COLONIAL SLAVERY, 1823–1833
Authors: TAYLOR MICHAEL 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTAnna Gambles'sProtection and politics(1999) established the existence of a sophisticated and pervasive conservative economic discourse in Britain in the decades before Repeal. This article argues that the imperial aspect of that discourse – comprising ideals of imperial economic integration, imperial preference, and British navigational prowess – has been mistakenly understood as a response to ‘the imperialism of free trade'. In fact, these ideals were evolved primarily as the intellectual response of the West Indian lobby to the Anti-Slavery Society's campaign for the emancipation of British colonial slaves. Emancipation was regarded as a prospective economic disaster for the British plantation system and so the years after 1823 witnessed the vigorous and sophisticated defence of West Indian slavery by rhetorical and discursive means traditionally ascribed the label of ‘conservative economics'. This article argues that the imperial economic discourse hitherto considered ‘conservative’ should more properly be recognized as ‘pro-slavery’, something underscored by the pro-slavery sympathies of the writers credited with the articulation of this discourse, and by the almost exclusive relevance of its arguments to West Indian, as opposed to other colonial possessions.
THE MAKING OF THE EARLY MODERN BRITISH FAIRY TRADITION
Authors: HUTTON RONALD 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThis review is intended to examine the development of representations of elves and fairies in British culture between the twelfth and the seventeenth centuries. It will argue that a very clear two-stage evolution in those representations can be found in literary sources, from an inchoate range found in different kinds of text, with no apparent collective identity, to a coherent sense of a kingdom, to which the common word ‘fairy’ could be applied, to an intense interest in, and discussion of, the nature of fairies. The first development occurred in the late middle ages, and the second after the Reformation, and both were pan-British phenomena. These literary changes were, moreover, paralleled at each stage, and perhaps responsible for, changes in perception in culture at large. The alterations in representations of these non-human beings, with no clear status in Christian theology, may have wider implications for an understanding of late medieval and early modern cultural history.
TEN RILLINGTON PLACE AND THE CHANGING POLITICS OF ABORTION IN MODERN BRITAIN
Authors: JONES EMMA L. , PEMBERTON NEIL 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThis article addresses the social, cultural, and political history of backstreet abortion in post-war Britain, focusing on the murders of Beryl Evans and her daughter Geraldine, at Ten Rillington Place in 1949. It shows how the commonplace connection of John Christie to abortion and Beryl Evan's death was not a given in the wider public, legal, political, and forensic imagination of the time, reflecting the multi-layered and shifting meanings of abortion from the date of the original trials in the late 1940s and 1950s, through the subsequent judicial and literary reinvestigations of the case in the 1960s, to its cinematic interpretation in the 1970s. Exploring the language of abortion used in these different contexts, the article reveals changes in the gendering of abortionists, the increasing power and presence of abortion activists and other social reformers, the changing representation of working-class women and men, and the increasing critique of the practice of backstreet abortion. The case is also made for a kind of societal blind spot on abortion at the time of both the Evans and Christie trials; in particular, a reluctance to come to terms with the concept of the male abortionist, which distorted the criminal investigations and the trials themselves. Only when public acceptance for legalizing abortion grew in the more liberal climate of the 1960s and beyond did a revisionist understanding of the murder of Beryl Evans, in which abortion came to be positioned as a central element, gain a sustained hearing.
Role of virtual bronchoscopy in children with a vegetable foreign body in the tracheobronchial tree
Authors: Behera G , Tripathy N , Maru Y K , Mundra R K , Gupta Y , Lodha M 
Published: November 2014

AbstractObjectives:Multidetector computed tomography virtual bronchoscopy is a non-invasive diagnostic tool which provides a three-dimensional view of the tracheobronchial airway. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of virtual bronchoscopy in cases of vegetable foreign body aspiration in children.Methods:The medical records of patients with a history of foreign body aspiration from August 2006 to August 2010 were reviewed. Data were collected regarding their clinical presentation and chest X-ray, virtual bronchoscopy and rigid bronchoscopy findings. Cases of metallic and other non-vegetable foreign bodies were excluded from the analysis. Patients with multidetector computed tomography virtual bronchoscopy showing features of vegetable foreign body were included in the analysis. For each patient, virtual bronchoscopy findings were reviewed and compared with those of rigid bronchoscopy.Results:A total of 60 patients; all children ranging from 1 month to 8 years of age, were included. The mean age at presentation was 2.01 years. Rigid bronchoscopy confirmed the results of multidetector computed tomography virtual bronchoscopy (i.e. presence of foreign body, site of lodgement, and size and shape) in 59 patients. In the remaining case, a vegetable foreign body identified by virtual bronchoscopy was revealed by rigid bronchoscopy to be a thick mucus plug. Thus, the positive predictive value of virtual bronchoscopy was 98.3 per cent.Conclusion:Multidetector computed tomography virtual bronchoscopy is a sensitive and specific diagnostic tool for identifying radiolucent vegetable foreign bodies in the tracheobronchial tree. It can also provide a useful pre-operative road map for rigid bronchoscopy. Patients suspected of having an airway foreign body or chronic unexplained respiratory symptoms should undergo multidetector computed tomography virtual bronchoscopy to rule out a vegetable foreign body in the tracheobronchial tree and avoid general anaesthesia and invasive rigid bronchoscopy.
Evaluation of the effect of nasal dorsal skin cooling on nasal mucosa by acoustic rhinometry
Authors: Ozturk M , Mutlu F , Kara A , Derin S , Topdag M 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackground:The use of cold nasal packs on the nose and nape of the neck is currently recommended for patients with epistaxis as this is thought to induce reflex nasal vasoconstriction, which decreases the bleeding. There have been a few investigations on the effect of cold compress application to the nose, but none of these focused specifically on nasal cooling of the skin of the nose.Methods:Acoustic rhinometry was performed to obtain baseline measurements. Nasal dorsal skin was then cooled with two ice packs that were held on the left and right side of the nose for a total of 10 minutes by the subjects. The rhinometry measurements were taken at the time of initial application (baseline), and after 5 and 10 minutes of ice pack application.Results:Comparisons of the first and second minimal cross-sectional area values, and total nasal cavity volume measurements revealed no statistical differences.Conclusion:The results of this study indicate that one should be sceptical about the efficiency of cold compress application, which is frequently used in clinical practice in cases with epistaxis.