bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stable isotope‐labelled feed nutrients to assess nutrient‐specific feed passage kinetics in ruminants
Authors: Warner Daniel , Dijkstra Jan , Hendriks Wouter H , Pellikaan Wilbert F 
Published: October 2013

AbstractKnowledge of digesta passage kinetics in ruminants is essential to predict nutrient supply to the animal in relation to optimal animal performance, environmental pollution and animal health. Fractional passage rates (FPR) of feed are widely used in modern feed evaluation systems and mechanistic rumen models, but data on nutrient‐specific FPR are scarce. Such models generally rely on conventional external marker techniques, which do not always describe digesta passage kinetics in a satisfactory manner. Here the use of stable isotope‐labelled dietary nutrients as a promising novel tool to assess nutrient‐specific passage kinetics is discussed. Some major limitations of this technique include a potential marker migration, a poor isotope distribution in the labelled feed and a differential disappearance rate of isotopes upon microbial fermentation in non‐steady state conditions. Such limitations can often be circumvented by using intrinsically stable isotope‐labelled plant material. Data are limited but indicate that external particulate markers overestimate rumen FPR of plant fibre compared with the internal stable isotope markers. Stable isotopes undergo the same digestive mechanism as the labelled feed components and are thus of particular interest to specifically measure passage kinetics of digestible dietary nutrients. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Impact of humidity on the electrical performance of amorphous oxide semiconductor thin‐film transistors
Authors: Hoshino Ken , Yeh Bao , Wager John F. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAn indium–gallium–zinc oxide or a zinc–tin oxide thin‐film transistor (TFT) fabricated when the relative humidity in the laboratory is less than 50% is found to exhibit good electrical performance, with an abrupt, distortion‐free transfer curve and a turn‐on voltage close to 0 V. In contrast, when such an amorphous oxide semiconductor (AOS) TFT is fabricated at a relative humidity greater than 50%, its “as‐fabricated” electrical performance is very poor, typically characterized by a large amount of hysteresis, a strongly negative turn‐on voltage, and a kink‐like distortion in the subthreshold region of its transfer curve. However, the electrical performance of such a poor‐quality TFT is observed to improve over time, if it is simply stored in the dark at room temperature without being subjected to electrical stress. This recovery usually requires weeks (months) for an unpassivated (passivated) AOS TFT. Recovery is tentatively ascribed to the gradual removal of moisture from the AOS TFT channel layer.
Oncologic safety of breast‐conserving surgery compared to mastectomy in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced breast cancer
Authors: Cho Jung Hoon , Park Ji Min , Park Hyung Seok , Park Seho , Kim Seung Il , Park Byeong‐Woo 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundBreast‐conserving surgery (BCS) in patients with large tumors shrunk by neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) remains controversial. We investigated oncologic outcomes of BCS in patients receiving NCT to treat locally advanced breast cancer (LABC).MethodsWe reviewed 1,994 patients who underwent surgery with/without NCT. Patients were categorized into three groups according to treatment methods: initial BCS, BCS after NCT (NCT‐BCS), and mastectomy after NCT (NCT‐MX). Their characteristics and outcomes were analyzed.ResultsThe NCT‐BCS group had earlier stage cancer, more hormone receptor‐negative and triple‐negative breast cancers (TNBC) than the NCT‐MX group. However, outcomes did not differ statistically between the two groups. BCS patients receiving NCT were younger, and had more advanced, hormone receptor‐negative, HER2‐positive, and TNBC breast cancers than BCS patients without NCT. Patients with pathological complete remission (pCR) in the NCT‐BCS group had better survival outcomes than non‐pCR patients and the initial BCS group. By multivariate analysis in patients receiving NCT, final stage and TNBC were associated with poor overall survival (stage III: P = 0.008; TNBC: P = 0.01), however surgery type was not (P = 0.20).ConclusionsBCS after NCT is a safe option for LABC that responded well to NCT. Shrinking tumors with NCT allows more opportunities to apply BCS without compromising outcomes. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013; 108:531–536. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio as a predictor of outcomes for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: A Western perspective
Authors: Sullivan Kevin M. , Groeschl Ryan T. , Turaga Kiran K. , Tsai Susan , Christians Kathleen K. , White Sarah B. , Rilling William S. , Pilgrim Charles H.C. , Gamblin T. Clark 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesNeutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is simple, inexpensive, and has been proposed to be predictive in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Europe and Asia. We aimed to evaluate whether NLR at presentation in a Western center provides any prognostic value compared to other common prognostic scores.MethodsNLR was calculated for 75 consecutive patients at presentation with HCC and regression models were used to analyze its value for predicting treatment strategy and short‐term survival with Child‐Pugh and Model for End Stage Liver Disease (MELD).ResultsNLR was not predictive of future treatment regimens with hepatectomy, liver transplant, or transarterial chemoembolization (TACE; odds ratio [OR]: 0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71–1.02, P = 0.079) as compared the predictive value of MELD (OR: 0.81, CI: 0.72–0.93, P = 0.002) or Child‐Pugh (OR: 0.48, CI: 0.34–0.69, P < 0.001). Adding additional adjustment for treatment, NLR did not correlate with short‐term overall survival (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.09, CI: 0.95–1.24, P = 0.227). MELD also did not correlate with overall survival (HR: 1.04, CI: 0.96–1.13, P = 0.357) whereas Child‐Pugh (HR: 1.56, CI: 1.10–2.19, P = 0.011) was predictive.ConclusionsThis study does not support the prognostic value of NLR to guide therapy for HCC in a Western center, whereas MELD and Child‐Pugh score were more predictive. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 109:95–97. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pancreatic metastasectomy: The Memorial Sloan‐Kettering experience and a review of the literature
Authors: Untch Brian R. , Allen Peter J 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIsolated pancreatic metastases may occur in patients with many types of cancer. Several retrospective case series have been published demonstrating the feasibility of resection in selected patients. Here we report our experience with pancreatic metastasectomy in 70 patients and review the published literature. Our findings suggest that long‐term survival is associated with resection in selected patients but these outcomes must be weighed against the significant morbidity that is associated with pancreatic resection. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 109:28–30. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Yield of Formyl Radical from the Vinyl + O2 Reaction
Authors: Matsugi Akira , Miyoshi Akira 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe yield of formyl (HCO) radical from the reaction of vinyl (C2H3) radical with O2 has been investigated by using a pulsed laser photolysis/cavity ring‐down spectroscopy technique at room temperature. The rate constants for the C2H3 + O2 and HCO + O2 reactions were measured to be (8.60 ± 0.87) × 10−12 and (5.55 ± 1.00) × 10−12 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, respectively, which were consistent with preceding studies. The yield of HCO radical was determined to be ϕ(HCO) = 0.222 ± 0.066, and it was independent of pressure in the pressure range 10–100 Torr with He or N2 buffer. The Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus calculation combined with a prior energy distribution model could reproduce the experimental HCO‐radical yield and indicated that a significant portion of HCO radicals formed in the C2H3 + O2 reaction promptly dissociated to H + CO. The first CO‐stretch excited state of HCO radical, HCO(0,0,1), was observed at the total pressure of 1 Torr; the time profiles of which were satisfactory reproduced by a kinetic simulation including the relaxation of hot HCO radicals. These experimental, theoretical, and modeling results provide solid evidence for the prompt dissociation of hot HCO radicals formed in the C2H3 + O2 reaction. The product‐specific rate constants that extrapolated to higher temperature and wider pressure ranges are presented. Implications of the suggested mechanism for combustion modeling are also discussed.
Mechanistic Investigation of the Oxidative Cleavage of the Carbon–Carbon Double Bond in α,β‐Unsaturated Compounds by Hexachloroiridate(IV) in Acetate Buffer
Authors: Pal Biswajit 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe hexachloroiridate(IV) oxidation of α,β‐unsaturated compounds such as acrylic acid, acrylamide, and acrylonitrile (CH2=CHX; X = –COOH, –CONH2, and –CN) was carried out in NaOAc‐AcOH buffer medium. The reaction follows complex kinetics, being first order in [IrIV] and complex order in [CH2=CHX]. H+ ion has no effect on the reaction rate in the pH range 3.42–4.63. The pseudo–first‐order rate constant decreases with a decrease in the dielectric constant and with a decrease of ionic strength of the medium. The oxidation rate follows the sequence: acrylonitrile > acrylamide > acrylic acid. A mechanism is proposed involving the formation of an unstable intermediate complex between the substrate and the oxidant which is transformed to the radical cation in a slow rate‐determining step with the concomitant reduction of Ir(IV) to Ir(III). The radical cation subsequently decomposes to the aldehyde that appears as the ultimate product of the carbon–carbon double bond cleavage. The major product of oxidation was identified as HCHO by 1H NMR. Activation parameters for the slow rate‐determining step and thermodynamic parameters associated with the equilibrium step of the proposed mechanism have been evaluated. The enthalpy of activation is linearly related to the entropy of activation, and this linear relationship confirms that the oxidation of all the α,β‐unsaturated compounds follows a common mechanism.
Oromandibular dystonia: Long‐term management with botulinum toxin
Authors: Sinclair Catherine F. , Gurey Lowell E. , Blitzer Andrew 
Published: October 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo review the long‐term management of patients with oromandibular dystonia (OMD) treated using botulinum toxin.Study DesignRetrospective chart review at a clinical research center.MethodsBetween 1995 and 2011, 59 patients with a diagnosis of OMD were treated with botulinum toxin. Data were collected on patient demographics, disease characteristics, and long‐term treatment outcomes. Differences in management between an earlier published series of the first 20 OMD patients treated with botulinum toxin at this center and subsequent patients were analyzed.ResultsPatients were more commonly female (72% vs. 28%) with an average age at first botulinum treatment of 56.6 years. The median number of treatments was five (range, 1–35 treatments). Average time between treatments was 3.8 months (±5.2). Overall, 47.5%, had the jaw‐closing form of OMD, which was associated with a preferential deviation to one side in 53.6%. These patients received initial injections to the masseter ± temporalis muscle; the external pterygoid was injected for associated lateral jaw deviation. Internal pterygoid injections were rarely used (3.4%). For the jaw‐opening form, injections were initially administered to the external pterygoid, with the addition of anterior digastric for ongoing symptoms. When compared with patients in the older series, more patients since 1988 had treatments to the external pterygoid (P = .001) and anterior digastric (P = .006) in accordance with an increase in the diagnosis of jaw‐opening OMD (P = .05).ConclusionsLong‐term management of OMD with botulinum toxin has minimal morbidity and is useful for all clinical forms. Injections can be titrated by dose and location to address the predominant muscle groups involved.Level of Evidence: 4 Laryngoscope, 123:3078–3083, 2013
Complications of primary and revision functional endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Krings James G. , Kallogjeri Dorina , Wineland Andre , Nepple Kenneth G. , Piccirillo Jay F. , Getz Anne E. 
Published: October 2013

Objectives/HypothesisThe goal of this study was to determine the incidence of major complications following primary and revision functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). In addition, this study aimed to determine factors associated with the occurrence of complications including patient and provider characteristics and the use of image guidance system (IGS) technology.Study DesignRetrospective cohort analysis of California and Florida all‐payer databases from 2005 to 2008.MethodsThe rates of major surgical complications (skull base, orbital, and hemorrhagic) after primary and revision FESS were calculated, and bivariate analyses were performed to investigate relationships of complications with demographic and clinical characteristics. A multivariate model was used to determine risk factors for the occurrence of major complications.ResultsAmong 78,944 primary FESS cases, 288 major complications were identified representing a complication rate of 0.36% (95% CI 0.32%–0.40%). The major complication rate following revision cases (n = 19; 0.46%) and primary cases (n = 288; 0.36%) was similar (OR = 1.26; 95% CI 0.79–2.00). Multivariate analysis showed that patients who were >40 years old, had a primary payer of Medicaid, had surgery involving the frontal sinus, or had image guidance during surgery were at higher risk for major complications.ConclusionThe rate of major complications (0.36%) associated with primary FESS is lower than earlier reports. The rate of major complications following revision FESS (0.46%) was found to be similar to primary cases. IGS, insurance status, age, and extent of surgery were found to be associated with an increased risk of major complications following FESS.Level of Evidence2C. Laryngoscope, 124:838–845, 2014
Vocal fold motion impairment in multiple system atrophy
Authors: Lalich Ian J. , Ekbom Dale C. , Starkman Sidney J. , Orbelo Diana M. , Morgenthaler Timothy I. 
Published: October 2013

Objectives/HypothesisMultiple system atrophy (MSA) is a degenerative neurologic disorder that can affect vocal fold mobility. Our aim was to further elucidate the impact of vocal fold motion impairment (VFMI) in MSA.Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsWe undertook a retrospective review of all MSA patients reporting voice or respiratory symptoms from 1975 to 2010 at Mayo Clinic Rochester who also received otolaryngologic examination.ResultsThirty‐eight MSA patients demonstrated VFMI. Median duration of vocal or respiratory symptoms prior to diagnosis of MSA was 12.0 months (range, 1–60 months). Stridor was present in 25 (68%) of patients. There was bilateral VFMI in 32 (82.4%) of the patients and isolated VFMI of the left true vocal fold (TVF) in six (17.6%) of the patients. No patients had isolated right VFMI. There was isolated unilateral or bilateral paresis in 21 (55.3%) of the patients and unilateral or bilateral complete paralysis in 15 (39.5%) of the patients. One patient presented with left TVF paralysis and right TVF paresis, whereas one other patient had findings of right TVF paralysis and left TVF paresis comprising the remaining 5.2% of patients with VFMI. The median survival after diagnosis of VFMI was 51.6 months. Unilateral or bilateral TVF paralysis was statistically associated with a decreased overall survival (P = .0384). The presence of stridor was not associated with adverse prognosis.ConclusionsThe increasing severity of VFMI negatively impacts overall survival in patients with MSA. Therefore, otolaryngologic examination is warranted at the time of MSA diagnosis.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 124:730–735, 2014
Endoscopic repair of an injured internal carotid artery utilizing femoral endovascular closure devices
Authors: Van Rompaey Jason , Bowers Greg , Radhakrishnan Jay , Panizza Benedict , Solares C. Arturo 
Published: October 2013

Objectives/HypothesisInjury to the internal carotid artery is a feared complication of endoscopic endonasal surgery of the skull base. Such an event, although rare, is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Even if bleeding is controlled, permanent neurological defects frequently persist. Many techniques have been developed to manage internal carotid artery rupture with varying degrees of success. The purpose of this study was to explore endoscopic management of arterial damage with endovascular closure devices used for a femoral arteriotomy. The ability to remotely suture a damaged artery permits the possible adaptation of this technology in managing endoscopic arterial complications.Study DesignTechnical note.MethodsAfter the creation of an endoscopic endonasal corridor in a cadaveric specimen, an arteriotomy was created at the cavernous portion of the internal carotid artery. The Angio‐Seal, StarClose, and MynxGrip vascular closure devices were utilized under endoscopic guidance to repair the arteriotomy. Angiography was then done on a cadaver sutured with the StarClose.ResultsBoth the Angio‐Seal and StarClose were deployed quickly and appeared to provide sufficient closure of the arteriotomy. The Angio‐Seal required the use of a guidewire and was longer to deploy when compared with the StarClose. The StarClose deployment was quick and facile. The MynxGrip also deployed without difficulty.ConclusionsThe Angio‐Seal and StarClose systems were both successfully deployed utilizing an endoscopic endonasal approach. The MynxGrip was the easiest to deploy and has the greatest potential to be of benefit in this application. Further studies with hemodynamic models are required to properly assess the appropriateness in this setting.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 124:1318–1324, 2014
Adipose‐derived stem cell‐containing hyaluronic acid/alginate hydrogel improves vocal fold wound healing
Authors: Kim Young‐Mo , Oh Se H. , Choi Jeong‐Seok , Lee Songyi , Ra Jeong C. , Lee Jin H. , Lim Jae‐Yol 
Published: October 2013

Objectives/HypothesisThe purpose of this study was to investigate the regenerative efficacy of an injectable hyaluronic acid/mildly cross‐linked alginate hydrogel (HA/ALG hydrogel) containing human adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAdMSCs) for vocal fold (VF) wound healing.Study DesignAnimal research.MethodsHA/ALG hydrogel containing hAdMSCs was injected into the VFs of rabbits immediately after direct injury. Endoscopic evaluations were performed at 1 and 3 months after injury, and functional evaluations of mucosal vibration and viscoelastic properties were carried out posteuthanization at 3 months after injury. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical evaluations of extracellular matrix (ECM) components and of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) activity were conducted in injured VFs. The engraftment of implanted hAdMSCs was investigated by detecting fluorescent‐labeled cells.ResultsThe administration of hAdMSCs and hAdMSCs in HA/ALG hydrogel produced better macroscopic morphologies than the injection of phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS). Histologic evaluations revealed that treatment with hAdMSCs in HA/ALG produced more favorable ECM changes than hAdMSC. In particular, the treatment of hAdMSCs in HA/ALG hydrogel ameliorated excessive deposition of collagen type I and increased HGF activity in regenerating VFs. hAdMSCs in HA/ALG‐treated VFs also exhibited functional improvements in viscoelastic properties. hAdMSCs in HA/ALG remained viable in recipient VFs at 1 month after transplantation, and some were observed to be fostered to differentiate into fibroblasts.ConclusionsThe findings of the present study suggest that HA/ALG hydrogel is a promising biomaterial for prolonging the retention time of stem cells in VFs and for promotion of VF wound healing.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 124:E64–E72, 2014
Radiofrequency ablation for treatment of benign thyroid nodules: Systematic review
Authors: Fuller Colin W. , Nguyen Shaun A. , Lohia Shivangi , Gillespie M. Boyd 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveTo summarize the literature published to date on the use of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in the treatment of benign thyroid nodules, to evaluate the effectiveness of this treatment, and to attempt an evaluation of factors that may influence treatment outcome.Study DesignSystematic review with meta‐analysis.MethodsSystematic literature search was performed by two separate authors in four commonly used literature databases. Trials included in meta‐analysis included only those presenting prospective data. Meta‐analysis compared pretreatment values to post‐treatment outcomes.ResultsOf 46 full‐text articles identified, nine articles satisfied inclusion criteria. Two of these articles were randomized controlled trials comparing RFA to placebo or to some other treatment. One article was a randomized controlled trial comparing one RFA treatment to two treatments. The remaining six articles were noncontrolled, prospective observational studies. All analyzed outcomes showed statistically significant improvements from baseline to final follow‐up, including reduction in nodule size, improvement of symptom and cosmetic scores, and withdrawal from methimazole. Improvement in nodule size remained significant in both “hot” and “cold” nodule subgroups. Twelve adverse events were identified across all studies out of 306 total treatments. Two of these events qualified as significant adverse events. None of these events resulted in hospitalization or death.ConclusionsRadiofrequency ablation is a safe and effective treatment for symptomatic thyroid nodules that are confirmed benign. However, the paucity of level 1 evidence comparing RFA to surgical or to other nonsurgical treatment modalities is concerning.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 124:346–353, 2014
CD34‐positive fibroblasts in Reinke's edema
Authors: Díaz‐Flores Lucio , Gutiérrez Ricardo , del Pino García María , Álvarez‐Argüelles Hugo , Díaz‐Flores Lucio , López‐Campos Daniel 
Published: October 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo elucidate whether and to what extent CD34+ fibroblasts (so‐called CD34+ fibrocytes, CD34+ dendritic cells, and CD34+ stromal cells) occur in normal human vocal folds and in Reinke's edema.Study DesignHistological study.MethodsConventional, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural procedures were performed in histological blocks of 18 selected cases of Reinke's edema (with typical findings including acellular edematous spaces in the subepithelial connective tissue of vocal folds, and disarrangement of elastic, collagen, and reticular fibers). For control purposes, four normal vocal folds were analyzed.ResultsIn normal vocal folds, most stromal cells were spindle‐shaped CD34+ fibroblasts. In Reinke's edema, increased density and changes in the morphology and size of this subpopulation of fibroblasts were demonstrated in the connective tissue surrounding the edematous spaces, particularly in their borders, where together with some macrophages they formed boundaries, mimicking the walls of distended lymphatic vessels when conventional stains were used. These activated CD34+ fibroblasts acquired a dendritic morphology (with long, moniliform, often bifurcated, overlapping multipolar processes), and their cytoplasmic organelles were increased in number. In addition to CD34, they expressed vimentin, CD10 and CD99, but no α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), CD31, CD117, CD68, h‐caldesmon, desmin, or S‐100 protein.ConclusionsCD34+ fibroblasts are a major cell component in the stroma of vocal folds in Reinke's edema, and their activation, with increased density and morphologic changes around the edematous spaces, occurs without immunophenotypic transformation toward myofibroblasts (no expression of α‐SMA). The mechanisms by which these cells act in Reinke's edema require further study.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 124:E73–E80, 2014