bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Siswa Menggunakan Model Discovery Learning Berbantuan Simulasi PhET pada Topik Usaha, Energi dan Pesawat Sederhana
Authors: Widyastuti Indri , Nanang Winarno  , Emiliannur Emiliannur , Wahyuningsih Yuyun 
Published: July 2024

Di bidang pendidikan, “Revolusi Industri 4.0” mengacu pada pemanfaatan teknologi untuk menghadirkan situasi kompleks kepada siswa yang akan meningkatkan minat belajar mereka dalam mengembangkan pemikiran kritis dan keterampilan pemecahan masalah mereka. Pemanfaatan teknologi dalam kurikulum IPA hendaknya dirancang sesuai model pembelajaran yang telah ditetapkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penerapan model discovery learning berbantuan simulasi PhET pada materi usaha, energi dan pesawat sederhana dalam meningkatkan minat belajar siswa. Kelas eksperimen menggunakan model discovery learning berbantuan simulasi Phet sedangkan kelas kontrol menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional. Jenis penelitian ini adalah quasi experiment dengan desain penelitian nonequivalent pretest dan posttest only control group design. Penelitian ini melibatkan 30 siswa kelas 8 untuk kelas eksperimen dan 31 siswa kelas 8 untuk kelas kontrol dari salah satu sekolah di Bandung, Indonesia. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa angket minat belajar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol pada minat belajar siswa. Dalam hal peningkatan, N-Gain kelas eksperimen untuk minat belajar berada pada angka 0,342 yang menunjukkan peningkatan yang medium. Sedangkan N-gain kelas kontrol adalah 0,089 yang merupakan peningkatan yang rendah. Hal ini juga dibuktikan dengan diterimanya Ha yang berarti terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan pembelajaran usaha, energi dan pesawat sederhana menggunakan model discovery learning berbantuan simulasi PhET terhadap minat belajar siswa. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, model discovery learning berbantuan simulasi PhET dapat menjadi alternatif model pembelajaran dalam meningkatkan minat belajar siswa.
Pemahaman Siswa Terhadap Keyakinan Epistemik dan Implementasi Pada Materi Bencana Alam Berbasis Socio-Scientific Issue
Authors: Safitri Eka , Fadly Wirawan 
Published: July 2024

Indonesia termasuk salah satu negara berkembang dengan mutu Sumber Daya Manusia dan kualitas pendidikan yang tergolong rendah. Menurut PISA 2022, literasi sainsnya kurang yang mengakibatkan pelajar Indonesia berada di peringkat 64 dari 81 negara. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pemahaman siswa terhadap keyakinan epistemik dan Implementasi pada pembelajaran IPA berbasis socio-scientific issue. Penelitian ini menggunaakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Populasi penelitian ini menggunakan 10 sampel random sampling yaitu siswa kelas VIII SMP/MTs di kecamatan Pulung. Proses pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, tes dan survey angket secara langsung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa SMP/MTs di Pulung memiliki persentase keyakinan epistemik pada empat dimensi yaitu 65% kepastian, 75% kesederhanaan, 60% sumber pengetahuan dan 75% justifikasi. Berdasarkan tiga indikator seperti mengeksplorasi, menganalisis, dan mengaplikasikan konsep sains siswa memiliki nilai diantara 42%-92% dengan rata-rata sebesar 72%. Apabila dilihat dari hasil kedua analisis, perolehan data menunjukkan bahwa siswa memiliki keyakinan epistemik pada tingkat sedang. Pada analisis data yang ketiga, penelitian ini telah menganalisis kata kunci berbentuk treemap dan diperoleh hasil bahwa terdapat 11 item kata kunci dengan warna yang berbeda dan bentuk yang berbeda, semakin kecil bentuk maka kuantitas data akan semakin kecil. Analisis data yang terakhir yaitu menentukan faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat keyakinan epistemik siswa diabad 21 yaitu faktor internal (motivasi diri, kesiapan belajar) dan faktor eksternal (sarana prasarana, lingkungan belajar, kurikulum belajar, guru, metode belajar, media belajar dan literasi sains). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian keyakinan epistemik siswa masih dalam tingkat sedang sehingga untuk ditingkatkan kembali.
The Intrinsic Value of Honesty
Authors: Caruso Isabelle , Mlynski Christopher , Clay Georgia , Goschke Thomas , Korb Franziska , Job Veronika 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Societal narratives suggest that cheating for one’s benefit in a situation where it goes unnoticed is common. One reason is that resisting cheating and being honest implies extrinsic costs and is inherently aversive. Here we challenge this view, showing that honesty is frequent, immediately rewarding, and buffers the negative affective consequences resulting from missing extrinsic reward. In two studies we found that foregoing a reward in favor of being honest, compared to when cheating was impossible, was associated with higher activity in a network of reward-related brain regions (Study 1, n = 65) and a weaker negative impact on mood (Study 2, n = 2’005). These results show that beyond the moral imperative, there is an immediate intrinsic reward associated with honesty.
Potential for bias in (sero)prevalence estimates when not accounting for test sensitivity and specificity: a systematic review
Authors: Haile Sarah R , Kronthaler David 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to many studies of seroprevalence. A number of methods exist in the statistical literature to correctly estimate disease prevalence or seroprevalence in the presence of diagnostic test misclassification, but these methods seem to be less known and not routinely used in the public health literature. We aimed to examine how widespread the problem is in recent publications, and to quantify the magnitude of bias introduced when correct methods are not used.
Design:
A systematic review was performed to estimate how often public health researchers accounted for diagnostic test performance in estimates of seroprevalence. Using straightforward calculations, we estimated the amount of bias introduced when reporting the proportion of positive test results instead of using sensitivity and specificity to estimate disease prevalence.
Results
Of the seroprevalence studies sampled, 78% (95% CI 72–82%) failed to account for sensitivity and specificity. Expected bias is often more than is desired in practice, ranging from 1–12%.
Conclusions
Researchers conducting studies of prevalence should correctly account for test sensitivity and specificity in their statistical analysis.
Undergraduate Physical Therapy Student’s Attitudes Towards Using Social Media for Learning Purposes Among Different Universities in Karachi Pakistan
Authors: Goswami Rakhi , Goswami Geeta , Jaber Mohammed Hammad 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND: In recent years, students have been progressively active on social networking sites on a constant schedule. In 2012 it gradually used for education. By altering our social norms, beliefs, and culture, social media is progressively becoming a vital component of human society. The aim of this research was to find out physical therapy student attitude towards using social media for learning purposes, as well as evaluate the difference in attitudes between gender and benefits of using social media for learning purpose.
METHOD: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 250 undergraduate physical therapy students from different universities in Karachi Pakistan.
RESULTS: According to research, physical therapy students in general have a positive attitude about using social media platforms for educational purposes. YouTube, Wikipedia, Whatsapp, and web-based pages (Facebook) were used by 48.8%, 32.4%, 12%, and 9.2% of students, respectively, for learning purposes. Incorporating social media into classes, according to 116 students (46.4%), would help them learn more effectively. These platforms contribute the finding educational resources, develop writing, listening and other social skills share knowledge enhance self-independent learning, increases collaboration and develop creativity.
CONCLUSION: This research found that both male and female physical therapy students had a positive attitude about using social media platforms, with females having a more positive attitude and for academic purposes its use is convenient. Just 47.6% of students have positive attitudes toward the development of academic performance through the use of social media, indicating that it has the potential to improve the quality of the learning environment and academic success.
Emergence of branched wetting states on a smooth surface
Authors: Tenjimbayashi Mizuki , Arai Shunto 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

When the droplet is cast on the solid surfaces, part of the droplet/solid surface is replaced by their interface, and a wide variety of shapes and adhesion modes, from spreading1, sticky2, to super-repellent3, appears. In principle, droplets on a smooth surface exhibit a single wetting state. According to Young's law in 1805 4, the shape of a droplet, quantified with contact angle, is determined by the balance of substance-specific interfacial energies between three phases of a droplet, contacting solid surface and surrounding media4. Contact angles fluctuate due to external disturbance and the mobility of contact line 5, but the applicable range is generally fixed, which features the adhesion mode of the droplet. Here we show the emergence of branched wetting states with different contact angle ranges using the same droplet and surrounding media on a smooth, homogeneous surface. The applicable wetting states are high-contact angle droplet sticks to the surface or repellent, akin to the Wenzel 6 or Cassie 7 states observed on a nano/micro-textured surface, respectively. The phenomenon is commonly observed when site-specific molecular interactions trap the droplet metastable —the wettability branches when the interface formation order changes. This is because the molecular interactions at interfaces cause hysteresis in phase replacement under certain wettability conditions. Our experiment varied the combination and number of interaction molecules in phases, unravelling the design principles of the branched wettability. This work suggests that the site-specific molecular interaction can bifurcate macroscopic wetting modes, which advances the fundamental understanding of the molecular effect on macro-wettability.
A Pilot Study of Twice-Weekly Group-Based Written Exposure Therapy for Veterans in Residential Substance Use Treatment: Effects on PTSD and Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Doren Natalia , Chang Fang-Hsi , Nguyen Amanda , McKenna Kevin R. , Satre Derek D. , Wiltsey-Stirman Shannon 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is highly comorbid with substance use disorders (SUDs), resulting in high prevalence of PTSD among individuals in residential SUD care. However, there is limited research on integrating trauma treatment into residential SUD care settings. The aim of the present project was to conduct an initial evaluation of the effects of group-based Written Exposure Therapy (WET) on PTSD and depressive symptoms that was integrated into programming for individuals in residential SUD treatment.
Methods
Participants were 48 Veterans with comorbid PTSD-SUD from a 28-day residential SUD program at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Eligible participants were enrolled in 5 sessions of WET, delivered in twice-weekly in a group format. PTSD symptoms and depressive symptoms were assessed at each session with the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist, DSM-5 version (PCL-5) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9).
Results
Of the enrolled sample of 48 participants, 92% (n = 44) completed 3 sessions, while 56% (n = 28) completed 5 sessions. Dependent samples t-tests showed significant reductions from baseline in PTSD symptoms within-persons at both the 3-session (t(43) = 4.77, p < .001, d = .72) and 5-session mark (t(27) = 4.36, p < .001, d = .82). In addition, there were significant reductions in depressive symptoms after 3 sessions (t(38) = 3.01, p < .01, d = .48) and after 5 sessions (t(23) = 2.97, p < .01, d = .61).
Conclusion
Findings demonstrate that brief, group-delivered WET shows promise for addressing PTSD and depressive symptoms in residential SUD treatment. Results of the present evaluation could inform further efficacy testing and implementation of PTSD treatment into residential SUD settings.
Cortical Circuits for Cross-Modal Generalization
Authors: El-Boustani Sami , Guyoton Maëlle , Matteucci Giulio , Foucher Charlie , Getz Matthew , Gjorgjieva Julijana 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Adapting goal-directed behaviors to changing sensory conditions is a fundamental aspect of intelligence. The brain uses abstract representations of the environment to generalize learned associations across sensory modalities. The circuit organization that mediates such cross-modal generalizations remains, however, unknown. Here, we demonstrate that mice can bidirectionally generalize sensorimotor task rules between touch and vision by using abstract representations of peri-personal space within the cortex. Using large-scale mapping in the dorsal cortex at single-cell resolution, we discovered multimodal neurons with congruent spatial representations within multiple associative areas of the dorsal and ventral stream. Optogenetic sensory substitution and systematic silencing of these associative areas revealed that a single area in the dorsal stream is necessary and sufficient for cross-modal generalization. Our results identify and comprehensively describe a cortical circuit organization that underlies an essential cognitive function, providing a structural and functional basis for abstract reasoning in the mammalian brain.
An exploratory study evaluating the 20 medications most commonly associated with suicidal ideation and self-injurious behavior in the FAERS database
Authors: Xie Wen-long , Xiang Dao-chun , Li Yuan-yuan , Ge Meng-lan , Deng Ai-ping 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

A number of pharmaceuticals, including antidepressants and antiepileptics, have a strong correlation with suicide risk. However few studies based on real-world data have been published. This study aims to investigates the correlation between certain pharmaceuticals and the risk of suicidal ideation or self-injurious behavior. Utilizing the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database, we conducted an analysis to identify drugs linked to these adverse outcomes, employing the High-Level Term (HLT) classification from the MedDRA dictionary. By assessing the reporting intensity of the HLT "suicidal ideation or self-injurious behavior" and its Preferred Terms (PTs) across various drug categories with the Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR) and Proportional Reporting Ratio (PRR), we pinpointed the top 20 medications with the highest association. These included sedative-hypnotics, antidepressants, antipsychotics, antiepileptic drugs, antihypertensives, antipyretics/analgesics, and antihyperglycemics. Ranking by ROR, the drugs with the strongest association were alprazolam, zolpidem, bupropion, quetiapine, and fluoxetine. Different categories of drugs are on the table for various reasons. This study provides a nuanced and scientifically rigorous examination of the link between diverse drug categories and the reporting frequency of suicide and self-injury, presenting valuable information for improved medication management and patient safety.
Physical-Prior-Guided Single Image Dehazing Network via Unpaired Contrastive Learning
Authors: Wu Mawei , Jiang Aiwen , Chen Hourong , Ye Jihua 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Image dehazing aims to restore high fidelity clear images from hazy ones. It has wide applications on many intelligent image analysis systems in computer vision area. Many prior-based and learning-based methods have already made significant progress in this field. However, the domain gap between synthetic and real hazy images still negatively impacts model's generalization performance in real-world scenarios. In this paper, we have proposed an effective physical-prior-guided single image dehazing network via unpaired contrastive learning (PDUNet). The learning process of PDUNet consists of pre-training stage on synthetic data and fine-tuning stage on real data. Mixed-prior modules, controllable zero-convolution modules, and unpaired contrastive regularization with hybrid transmission maps have been proposed to fully utilize complementary advantages of both prior-based and learning-based strategies. Specifically, mixed-prior module provides precise haze distributions. Zero-convolution modules serving as controllable bypass supplement pre-trained model with additional real-world haze information, as well as mitigate the risk of catastrophic forgetting during fine-tuning. Hybrid prior-generated transmission maps are employed for unpaired contrastive regularization. Through leveraging physical prior statistics and vast of unlabel real-data, the proposed PDUNet exhibits excellent generalization and adaptability on handling real-world hazy scenarios. Extensive experiments on public dataset have demonstrated that the proposed method can achieve new state-of-the-art performance on both synthetic and real-world cases. Related codes and model parameters will be publicly available on Github https://github.com/Jotra9872/PDU-Net.
Feasibility of Coaxial Deep Borehole Heat Exchangers in Southern California
Authors: Chen Haohua , Tomac Ingrid 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

This paper investigates the feasibility of Coaxial Deep Borehole Heat Exchanger (CDBHE) applications to the campus at the University of California San Diego (UCSD). By collecting different geophysical source data for various formations and well logs around the UCSD campus, a multilayered thermophysical model for the ground on the site is established. Circulation of water within a closed coaxial loop system considers the geothermal energy extraction under uncertainity consideration of the unknown deeper layers heat flow gradient as coupled with the variation of pipe insulation properties, flow rates, outer pipe diameter, grout and depths between 1 km and 4 km. A finite-element framework is constituted to model the Navier-Stokes fluid flow and heat transfer in the CDBHE system, and validated with a field test on CDBHE from the literature. It was found that a 4 km CDBHE could produce a thermal power of 600 kW under the optimum geological conditions at the UCSD site. Thermal power shares from different layers indicate that deeper formation layers contribute more to the thermal power than the shallower layers. An inner pipe with an insulated depth of 2 km produces only 1–6% less power than a fully insulated inner pipe for the 4 km CDBHE, and thus a partially insulated VIT-plastic inner pipe is suggested. Furthermore, the CDBHE thermal power increases by 5% when the grout thermal conductivity increases from 1 to 3.65 W/(K∙m), close to the formation thermal conductivity, and then maintains almost the same, and the 4 km CDBHE with flow rates of 2.78–6.94 L/s at the UCSD site can directly supply a low-temperature heating radiator system for room heating. The effects of the investigated factors provide guidelines for future geothermal resource exploitation in southern California.
The Association between Serum Albumin and Periodontitis: A Cross-sectional Study from the NHANES
Authors: cai song , Zhou YaShi , Li SiYu , Peng JuXiang , Song JuKun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Several studies have been conducted to investigate the effect of nutrienrs on the risk of periodontitis. However, there are few studies on the relationship between serum albumin(SA) and periodontitis. This study aimed to verify the association between SA and periodontitis.
Methods
Data from the 1999–2000, 2003–2004 and 2009–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used in this study. As the dependent variable, periodontitis was defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) in 2012. SA was divided into quartiles as an independent variable to examine variable distribution. Generalized additive model (GAM), smooth curve fitting and threshold effect analysis were used to evaluate the potential nonlinear relationship and dose-response relationship between SA and periodontitis.
Results
The mean age of the 11,362 participants was 51.96 years, with 49.63% males and 50.37% females. 39.03% of subjects suffered from periodontitis. The mean and standard deviation of SA was 4.26 ± 0.34. After adjusting for confounding factors, SA was independently and negatively associated with periodontitis(OR = 0.65,95%CI 0.57, 0.75, P < 0.0001). Furthermore, after dividing SA into quartiles, we observed a significantly lower risk of periodontitis in the highest quartile(Q4)(OR = 0.67,95%CI 0.59, 0.76), P < 0.0001) compared with the lowest quartile (Q1). Subgroup analyses showed that this inverse association was more significant in men than in women. The smooth curve fitting and threshold effect analysis indicated a non-linear relationship between SA and periodontitis. Specifically, when the SA concentration reached 3.9g/dl, there was a decrease in the risk of periodontitis as the concentration continued to increase.
Conclusion
This study showed that SA was inversely associated with the prevalence of periodontitis, which was more significant in men. Moreover, this inverse association occurred with SA levels ≥ 3.9g/dl.
Plasma concentrations of venetoclax and Pharmacogenetics correlated with drug efficacy in treatment naive leukemia patients: a retrospective study
Authors: Peng Hongwei , Li Yue , Wan Qing , Hu Jinfang , Xiao Xiong , Yang Xintong , Kong Fancong , Wang Jieyu , Song Baoquan , Li Zhentao , Ren Simei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Venetoclax (VEN) was the only Bcl-2 inhibitor approved by FDA and showed desired efficacy. However, VEN showed large differences in clinical efficacy, which may due to pharmacokinetic variability. Objectives:The purpose of the study was to explore the relationships between the plasma concentration and efficacy of VEN, and identify potential influencing factors. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from March 2022 to March 2024. LC-MS/MS was used to monitor the concentration of VEN. Pharmacogenetics was determined by DNA sequence. Results: A total of 76 trough (C0h) and 91 6h post-dose plasma concentration (C6h) blood concentrations of VEN were collected in 54 patients. C6h/D concentration of VEN was significantly correlated with treatment efficacy (P = 0.006) in Leukemia patients with good or intermediate prognosis. A ROC curve was then established and the cut-off value was calculated as 0.2868 µg/ml.kg.mg-1(AUC = 0.7097, P = 0.1081). Furthermore, the research uncovered correlations among the co-administration of triazoles, CYP3A5 rs776746 and ABCB1 genotypes with VEN plasma concentrations. Through LASSO-logistic regression and nomagram analysis, ELN prognostic stratification and neutrophil percentages were determined as the critical elements that may predict drug response. Conclusions: Our results confirmed that ELN stratification was applicable in predicting drug response in treatment native unfit AML patients. C6h/D level may correlate with drug response especially in good and moderate stratification patients. Patients co-administered with triazoles or carried with AA/AG CYP3A5 rs776746 should be paid more attention in order to attain sustainable efficacy with limited toxicity.