bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Host specificity in the host-seeking larva of the dipteran parasitoidMallophora ruficaudaand the influence of age on parasitism decisions
Authors: Barrantes M.E. , Castelo M.K. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractLarvae of the robber flyMallophora ruficaudaare ectoparasitoids of white grubs and adults are an important apiculture pest in Argentina. Females oviposit on tall grasses and the second instar larva actively searches and locates hosts. There are nine potential hosts in the distribution area of this parasitoid andCyclocephala signaticollis(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) is the most parasitized in the field. However,M. ruficaudahas a certain degree of behavioural flexibility towards different host species, and not being a strict specialist. The conditions under which the parasitoid orientates and accepts different hosts’ species are unknown. We studied the host specificity ofM. ruficaudatowards three species ofCyclocephalagenus and we determined whether this specificity depends on larval age. We also evaluated whether larva orientation towardsCyclocephalaspecies changes with chemical cue concentration. We assessed host specificity measuring the orientation and acceptance behaviours towards kairomones extracts and live individuals ofCyclocephalaspecies usingM. ruficaudalarvae of low and high life expectancy (i.e., young and aged second instar larvae). We observed that young larvae orientated only towardsC. signaticollischemical stimulus, whereas aged larvae orientated also towardsC. modesta, and the same was observed with increasing stimuli's concentration. Both young and agedM. ruficaudalarvae orientate towards liveC. signaticollisandC. putridaspecies and rejectedC. modesta. Also, we found that larvae accepted allCyclocephalahosts. In conclusion, our results indicate that specificity in the laboratory, observed through host orientation and host acceptance behaviours, depends not only on the availability of host species, but also on the nature of the host's stimuli combined with parasitoid age.
The experiments behind the Tullio phenomenon
Authors: Addams-Williams J , Wu K , Ray J 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackground:Professor Pietro Tullio was a director at the Laboratory of Experimental Physiology in Bologna during the early twentieth century. His experimental studies resulted in the description of the Tullio phenomenon, which is characterised by sound-induced vertigo and/or eye movements.Objective:The experimental studies behind his contribution to vestibular physiology are described within this paper, as are some of the further developments that have been made.
Amores perritos: Puppies, Laughter and Popular Catholicism in Bourbon Mexico City
Authors: PROCTOR FRANK ‘TREY’ 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn late eighteenth-century Mexico City, Spanish colonials, particularly members of the urban middle and popular classes, performed a number of weddings and baptisms on puppies (which were wearing clothes or bejewelled collars) in the context offandangosor dance parties. These ceremonies were not radical challenges to orthodoxy or conservative reactions in the face of significant economic, political, religious and cultural Bourbon reforms emanating from Spain. Employing Inquisitorial investigations of these ceremonies, this article explores the rise of pet keeping, the meanings of early modern laughter and the implications of the cultural and religious components of the Enlightenment-inspired Bourbon reforms in late colonial Mexico.
An Amphibian Party? Organisational Change and Adaptation in the Brazilian Workers' Party, 1980–2012
Authors: RIBEIRO PEDRO FLORIANO 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe arrival of Luiz Inácio ‘Lula’ da Silva and the Partido dos Trabalhadores (Workers' Party, PT) at the helm of the Brazilian federal government in 2003 represented the culmination of a slow and deep-rooted process of party transformation. Attributable partly to the inevitable consequences of the party gradually inserting itself into governmental institutions, and partly to strategic decisions made by the dominant coalition that had controlled the PT since 1995, these transformations significantly changed the organisational features of the party, paving its way to the federal government. This article analyses these processes, and the subsequent changes throughout the Lula government, from an organisational perspective, linking exogenous challenges and the party's genetic model with the strategies consciously adopted by thepetistaleadership.
On automorphism groups of generalized Hua domains
Authors: RONG FENG 
Published: February 2014

AbstractHua domains, generalized Hua domains and Hua constructions, named after the great Chinese mathematician Luogeng Hua (Loo-Keng Hua), are generalizations of Cartan–Hartogs domains introduced by Weiping Yin around the end of the 20th century. In this paper, we give a complete description of automorphism groups of generalized Hua domains. We also discuss the corresponding problem for Hua constructions.
The Staging of Salieri’s Les Danaïdes as Seen by a Cellist in the Orchestra
Authors: Rice John A. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractDuring the 1780s a cellist in the orchestra of the Opéra, known only as Monsieur Hivart, served the Russian Count Nicholas Sheremetev as an operatic agent, sending scores, librettos, costume designs, stage designs and other materials related to opera in Paris, and advising the count on the production of French operas in Russia. Hivart was in contact with such composers as Grétry, Sacchini and Piccinni, and the stage machinist and ballet master of the Opéra, and from his place in the orchestra he could watch their work take shape on stage. This gives his letters to Sheremetev (published in Russian translation in 1944 but largely unknown in the West) significant value for historians of opera in eighteenth-century Paris. Especially extensive are Hivart’s reports on the first production of Salieri’s Les Danaïdes, which contain much information about the first production available nowhere else.
Pimmalione: Rousseau and the Melodramatisation of Italian Opera
Authors: Lockhart Ellen 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis article traces the Italian reception of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Horace Coignet’sPygmalion(1770), ultimately arguing that the influence of early melodrama (and not the better-remembered Viennese reform) was behind the emergence of a style of speech-like singing and gestural mirroring in Italian opera in the decades immediately around 1800. Rousseauian melodrama was one of a few related projects subsuming the spoken word within the domain of music during the 1770s and 1780s; another was Joshua Steele’sProsodia rationalis, which proposed a system of modified music notation in order to preserve and transmit the spoken word. This article suggests (contra most recent historians of melodrama) that such projects were inflected by a kind of twilight classicism, in which the revived object was made to show signs of decay. The revivalist strain in the first melodrama was particularly important for its Italian reception. Rousseau’s ideal of an ancient, onomatopoeic language collapsing meaning and medium was naturalised into the rhetoric of Italian opera reform during the 1770s and 1780s by the Jesuit theorists Antonio Eximeno and Stefano Arteaga. By way of a coda, this article traces the emergence of a ‘melodramatic’ style of Italian opera, first in all-sung adaptations ofPygmalion, thence into Venetian opera of the 1790s more broadly, and finally into Donizetti’s techniques of gestural mirroring and what was called the ‘canto filosofico’ of Bellini’s early operas.
Comparison of the effect of inhaled anaesthetic with intravenous anaesthetic on pulmonary vascular resistance measurement during cardiac catheterisation
Authors: Giesen Leonie A. , White Michelle , Tulloh Robert M.R. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackground: Children with pulmonary hypertension routinely undergo pulmonary vascular resistance studies to assess the disease severity and vasodilator responsiveness. It is vital that results are accurate and reliable and are not influenced by the choice of anaesthetic agent. However, there are anecdotal data to suggest that propofol and inhalational agents have different effects on pulmonary vascular resistance.Methods: A total of 10 children with pulmonary hypertension were selected sequentially to be included in the study. To avoid confounding because of baseline anatomic or demographic details, a crossover protocol was implemented, using propofol or isoflurane, with time for washout in between each agent and blinding of the interventionalist.Results: Pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance were not significantly different when using propofol or isoflurane. However, the calculated resistance fraction – ratio of pulmonary resistance to systemic resistance – was significantly lower when using propofol than when using isoflurane.Conclusions: Although no difference in pulmonary vascular resistance was demonstrated, this pilot study suggests that the choice of anaesthetic agent may affect the calculation of relative pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance, and provides some preliminary evidence to favour propofol over isoflurane. These findings require replication in a larger study, and thus they should be considered in future calculations to make informed decisions about the management of children with pulmonary hypertension.
The DUSP26 phosphatase activator adenylate kinase 2 regulates FADD phosphorylation and cell growth
Authors: Kim Hyunjoo , Lee Ho-June , Oh Yumin , Choi Seon-Guk , Hong Se-Hoon , Kim Hyo-Jin , Lee Song-Yi , Choi Ji-Woo , Su Hwang Deog , Kim Key-Sun , Kim Hyo-Joon , Zhang Jianke , Youn Hyun-Jo , Noh Dong-Young , Jung Yong-Keun 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAdenylate kinase 2 (AK2), which balances adenine nucleotide pool, is a multi-functional protein. Here we show that AK2 negatively regulates tumour cell growth. AK2 forms a complex with dual-specificity phosphatase 26 (DUSP26) phosphatase and stimulates DUSP26 activity independently of its AK activity. AK2/DUSP26 phosphatase protein complex dephosphorylates fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD) and regulates cell growth. AK2 deficiency enhances cell proliferation and induces tumour formation in a xenograft assay. This anti-growth function of AK2 is associated with its DUSP26-stimulating activity. Downregulation of AK2 is frequently found in tumour cells and human cancer tissues showing high levels of phospho-FADDSer194. Moreover, reconstitution of AK2 in AK2-deficient tumour cells retards both cell proliferation and tumourigenesis. Consistent with this, AK2+/− mouse embryo fibroblasts exhibit enhanced cell proliferation with a significant alteration in phospho-FADDSer191. These results suggest that AK2 is an associated activator of DUSP26 and suppresses cell proliferation by FADD dephosphorylation, postulating AK2 as a negative regulator of tumour growth.
Wideband bandpass filter based on ring resonator with high selectivity and multiple transmission zeros
Authors: Zhou J.G. , Chiang Y.C. , Che W.Q. 
Published: February 2014

A high‐selectivity wideband bandpass filter consisting of a ring resonator and stepped impedance resonators is proposed. A wideband bandpass filter with multiple transmission poles and transmission zeros is obtained. For demonstration, a prototype operating at the frequency band of 4.14–9.56 GHz (with a fractional bandwidth of 79.1%) is designed and fabricated. Good agreements between the simulated and the measured results have been observed, indicating a very sharp out‐of‐band rejection.
Comparative efficiency and driving range of light- and heavy-duty vehicles powered with biomass energy stored in liquid fuels or batteries
Authors: Laser Mark , Lynd Lee R. 
Published: February 2014

SignificanceThis paper addresses the question, “When using cellulosic biomass for vehicular transportation, which field-to-wheels pathway is more efficient: that using biofuels or that using bioelectricity?” Distinguishing features of this study relative to prior work are the consideration of technological maturity, both in fuel/electricity production and vehicular advancement, as well as the intended transportation application. Whereas prior studies have deemed bioelectricity as being the more efficient option, we find here that, for ranges characteristic of driving patterns in the United States, there is little basis to expect mature bioelectricity-powered vehicles to have greater field-to-wheels efficiency as compared with mature biofuel-powered vehicles.
Suppressing thyroid hormone signaling preserves cone photoreceptors in mouse models of retinal degeneration
Authors: Ma Hongwei , Thapa Arjun , Morris Lynsie , Redmond T. Michael , Baehr Wolfgang , Ding Xi-Qin 
Published: February 2014

Significance
Photoreceptors degenerate in a wide array of hereditary retinal diseases and age-related macular degeneration. There is currently no treatment available for retinal degenerations. While outnumbered roughly 20:1 by rods in the human retina, it is the cones that mediate color vision and visual acuity, and their survival is critical for vision. In this communication, we investigate whether thyroid hormone (TH) signaling affects cone viability in retinal degeneration mouse models. TH signaling is known to be important for cone pigment expression and patterning, but excess TH signaling causes death of cones. We demonstrate that suppressing TH signaling in mouse models of cone–rod dystrophy preserves cones. This finding may lead to a novel and substantially different approach for retinal degeneration management.
Hybrid-fuel bacterial flagellar motors inEscherichia coli
Authors: Sowa Yoshiyuki , Homma Michio , Ishijima Akihiko , Berry Richard M. 
Published: February 2014

SignificanceThe bacterial flagellar motor is a rotary nano-machine that is driven by an electrochemical ion gradient across the cytoplasmic membrane, either H+or Na+ions. NaturalEscherichia colicells have only H+-driven motors. We demonstrate a genetically engineered hybrid-fuel flagellar motor inE. colithat runs on both types of ion gradient, H+and Na+. The hybrid motors switch between the two types of ion automatically and dynamically in response to external conditions, by swapping the stator components that determine their ion selectivity. These hybrid motors combine biological components with specific functions from different organisms that do not naturally coexist but demonstrate that natural hybrid motors could exist in other species.
Elevated morning cortisol is a stratified population-level biomarker for major depression in boys only with high depressive symptoms
Authors: Owens Matthew , Herbert Joe , Jones Peter B. , Sahakian Barbara J. , Wilkinson Paul O. , Dunn Valerie J. , Croudace Timothy J. , Goodyer Ian M. 
Published: February 2014

Significance
Clinical depression is a severe and common illness, characterized primarily by persistent low mood and lack of pleasure in usually enjoyable activities, that results in significant impairment in everyday living. It also involves alterations in cognitive and hormonal functions. There is substantial variation between depressed individuals in terms of the causes and therapeutic response, making it difficult to identify those most likely to benefit from intervention and treatment. We derived subtypes of adolescents in the population based on different levels of the hormone cortisol and subclinical depressive symptoms. A group (17%) with both high levels of cortisol and depressive symptoms of both sexes had more depressed thinking. Boys in this group were at high risk for clinical depression.
Contact between rough surfaces and a criterion for macroscopic adhesion
Authors: Pastewka Lars , Robbins Mark O. 
Published: February 2014

Significance
Macroscopic objects rarely stick together, yet the van der Waals interactions between surface atoms produce attractive pressures that are orders of magnitude larger than atmospheric pressure. This “adhesion paradox” has been linked to surface roughness, which reduces the area of intimate atomic contact to summits on the rough landscape. This paper presents a parameter-free theory that captures the interplay between elasticity, interatomic attraction, and surface roughness. It predicts how adhesion changes contact area and when surfaces are sticky. The results offer a simple explanation for why tape sticks to our desktops but a sheet of paper does not, and may aid in the design of adhesives and in engineering surface roughness to enhance or eliminate adhesion.
Flavan-3-ols in Norway Spruce: Biosynthesis, Accumulation, and Function in Response to Attack by the Bark Beetle-Associated Fungus Ceratocystis polonica
Authors: Hammerbacher Almuth , Paetz Christian , Wright Louwrance P. , Fischer Thilo C. , Bohlmann Joerg , Davis Andrew J. , Fenning Trevor M. , Gershenzon Jonathan , Schmidt Axel 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are common polyphenolic polymers of plants found in foliage, fruit, bark, roots, rhizomes, and seed coats that consist of flavan-3-ol units such as 2,3-trans-(+)-catechin and 2,3-cis-(–)-epicatechin. Although the biosynthesis of flavan-3-ols has been studied in angiosperms, little is known about their biosynthesis and ecological roles in gymnosperms. In this study, the genes encoding leucoanthocyanidin reductase, a branch point enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of 2,3-trans-(+)-flavan-3-ols, were identified and functionally characterized in Norway spruce (Picea abies), the most widespread and economically important conifer in Europe. In addition, the accumulation of flavan-3-ols and PAs was investigated in Norway spruce saplings after wounding or inoculation with the fungal pathogen Ceratocystis polonica, which is vectored by bark beetles (Ips typographus) and is usually present during fatal beetle attacks. Monomeric and dimeric flavan-3-ols were analyzed by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography, while the size and subunit composition of larger PAs were characterized using a novel acid hydrolysis method and normal phase chromatography. Only flavan-3-ol monomers with 2,3-trans stereochemistry were detected in spruce bark; dimeric and larger PAs contained flavan-3-ols with both 2,3-trans and 2,3-cis stereochemistry. Levels of monomers as well as PAs with a higher degree of polymerization increased dramatically in spruce bark after infection by C. polonica. In accordance with their role in the biosynthesis of 2,3-trans-(+)-flavan-3-ols, transcript abundance of Norway spruce LEUCOANTHOCYANIDIN REDUCTASE genes also increased significantly during fungal infection. Bioassays with C. polonica revealed that the levels of 2,3-trans-(+)-catechin and PAs that are produced in the tree in response to fungal infection inhibit C. polonica growth and can therefore be considered chemical defense compounds.
The bHLH Transcription Factor HBI1 Mediates the Trade-Off between Growth and Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern–Triggered Immunity inArabidopsis
Authors: Fan Min , Bai Ming-Yi , Kim Jung-Gun , Wang Tina , Oh Eunkyoo , Chen Lawrence , Park Chan Ho , Son Seung-Hyun , Kim Seong-Ki , Mudgett Mary Beth , Wang Zhi-Yong 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe trade-off between growth and immunity is crucial for survival in plants. However, the mechanism underlying growth-immunity balance has remained elusive. The PRE-IBH1-HBI1 tripartite helix-loop-helix/basic helix-loop-helix module is part of a central transcription network that mediates growth regulation by several hormonal and environmental signals. Here, genome-wide analyses of HBI1 target genes show that HBI1 regulates both overlapping and unique targets compared with other DNA binding components of the network in Arabidopsis thaliana, supporting a role in specifying network outputs and fine-tuning feedback regulation. Furthermore, HBI1 negatively regulates a subset of genes involved in immunity, and pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) signals repress HBI1 transcription. Constitutive overexpression and loss-of-function experiments show that HBI1 inhibits PAMP-induced growth arrest, defense gene expression, reactive oxygen species production, and resistance to pathogen. These results show that HBI1, as a component of the central growth regulation circuit, functions as a major node of crosstalk that mediates a trade-off between growth and immunity in plants.
Shifts in microbial community structure and function in light‐ and dark‐grown biofilms driven by warming
Authors: Romaní Anna M. , Borrego Carles M. , Díaz‐Villanueva Verónica , Freixa Anna , Gich Frederic , Ylla Irene 
Published: February 2014

SummaryBiofilms are dynamic players in biogeochemical cycling in running waters and are subjected to environmental stressors like those provoked by climate change. We investigated whether a 2°C increase in flowing water would affect prokaryotic community composition and heterotrophic metabolic activities of biofilms grown under light or dark conditions. Neither light nor temperature treatments were relevant for selecting a specific bacterial community at initial phases (7‐day‐old biofilms), but both variables affected the composition and function of mature biofilms (28‐day‐old). In dark‐grown biofilms, changes in the prokaryotic community composition due to warming were mainly related to rotifer grazing, but no significant changes were observed in functional fingerprints. In light‐grown biofilms, warming also affected protozoan densities, but its effect on prokaryotic density and composition was less evident. In contrast, heterotrophic metabolic activities in light‐grown biofilms under warming showed a decrease in the functional diversity towards a specialized use of several carbohydrates. Results suggest that prokaryotes are functionally redundant in dark biofilms but functionally plastic in light biofilms. The more complex and self‐serving light‐grown biofilm determines a more buffered response to temperature than dark‐grown biofilms. Despite the moderate increase in temperature of only 2°C, warming conditions drive significant changes in freshwater biofilms, which responded by finely tuning a complex network of interactions among microbial populations within the biofilm matrix.
The functional and taxonomic richness of wastewater treatment plant microbial communities are associated with each other and with ambient nitrogen and carbon availability
Authors: Johnson David R. , Lee Tae Kwon , Park Joonhong , Fenner Kathrin , Helbling Damian E. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryThe number of functional traits of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) microbial community (i.e. functional richness) is thought to be an important determinant of its overall functional performance, but the ecological factors that determine functional richness remain unclear. The number of taxa within a community (i.e. taxonomic richness) is one ecological factor that might be important. Communities that contain more taxa are more likely to have more functional traits, and a positive association is therefore expected between functional and taxonomic richness. Empirical tests for this positive association among WWTP communities, however, are lacking. We address this knowledge gap by measuring the functional and taxonomic richness of 10 independent WWTP communities. We demonstrate that functional and taxonomic richness are positively associated with each other. We further demonstrate that functional and taxonomic richness are negatively associated with the effluent NH4‐N and BOD5 concentrations. This led us to hypothesize that correlated variation in functional and taxonomic richness is likely related to variation in ambient nitrogen and carbon availability. We finally demonstrate that this hypothesis is consistent with the functional and taxonomic attributes of the WWTP communities. Together, our results improve our basic understanding of the ecology and functioning of WWTP communities.