bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relation of insulin‐like growth factor‐IandIGFbinding protein 3 with markers of inflammation: results of a population‐based study
Authors: Lohr Johannes , Grotevendt Anne , Nauck Matthias , Völzke Henry , Wallaschofski Henri , Friedrich Nele 
Published: May 2013

SummaryObjectivePrevious studies in acromegaly and growth hormone deficiency observed inverse associations between insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) levels and inflammatory biomarkers including high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin‐6 or fibrinogen. We aimed to assess the relations betweenIGF‐I orIGFbinding protein 3 (IGFBP‐3) levels and hsCRP, interleukin‐6, fibrinogen and white blood cell count (WBC) in a population‐based sample.Design and PatientsData from 3480 subjects from the population‐based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) were used. IGF‐I,IGFBP‐3 and inflammatory biomarkers were measured. Analysis of variance (anova), quantile regression models and logistic regression models, adjusted for age, smoking, diabetes mellitus and waist circumference, were performed.Measurements and Resultsanovaand/or quantile regression showed inverse associations betweenIGF‐I and hsCRPas well as positive associations betweenIGF‐I and fibrinogen among both sexes. Furthermore, the odds of elevated fibrinogen levels increased with increasingIGF‐I levels (perSD IGF‐I increase: men: odds ratio (OR) 1·35 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1·04, 1·55]; women:OR1·44 [95%CI1·21, 1·71]) in both sexes, whereas the odds of increased hsCRP(women:OR0·46 [95%CI0·36, 0·58]) and interleukin‐6 (men: odds ratio (OR) 0·77 [95%CI0·61, 0·96]; women:OR0·69 [95%CI0·55, 0·86]) decreased.ConclusionSerumIGF‐I levels are associated with inflammatory biomarkers including hsCRP, interleukin‐6 and fibrinogen. Further experimental studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the relation between theGH/IGFaxis and the inflammatory system.
Ketamine in Pain Management
Authors: Persson Jan 
Published: May 2013

SummaryFor ketamine's fiftieth birthday, a narrative review of this unique drug in pain management is presented. Its history is traced from its conception, and its heritage, as a phencyclidine offspring, delineated. The earliest roots of the conceptions concerning the mechanisms of action are sought, and then followed in preclinical as well as clinical research. The major proposed mechanisms in the literature are commented on and evaluated. The growth of the clinical evidence for perioperative pain, acute pain, and chronic pain is followed from early attempts to systematic reviews. Finally, an attempt is made to foresee what the next 50 years might hold in store for our 50 years old.
Trends in overweight and obesity over 22 years in a large adult population: theHUNTStudy,Norway
Authors: Midthjell K. , Lee C. M. Y. , Langhammer A. , Krokstad S. , Holmen T. L. , Hveem K. , Colagiuri S. , Holmen J. 
Published: May 2013

SummarySome reports indicate that the obesity epidemic may be slowing down or halting. We followed body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in a large adult population inNorway (n = 90 000) from 1984–1986 (HUNT1) through 1995–1997 (HUNT2) to 2006–2008 (HUNT3) to study whether this is occurring inNorway. Height and weight were measured with standardized and identical methods in all three surveys;WCwas also measured inHUNT2andHUNT3. In the three surveys, meanBMIincreased from 25.3 to 26.5 and 27.5 kg m−2in men and from 25.1 to 26.2 and 26.9 kg m−2in women. Increase in prevalence of obesity (BMI≥ 30 kg m−2) was greater in men (from 7.7 to 14.4 and 22.1%) compared with women (from 13.3 to 18.3 and 23.1%). In contrast, women had a greater increase in abdominal obesity (WC≥ 102 cm for men andWC≥ 88 cm for women). There was a continuous shift in the distribution curve ofBMIandWCto the right, demonstrating that the increase in body weight was occurring in all weight groups, but the increase of obesity was greatest in the youngest age groups. Our data showed no signs of a halt in the increase of obesity in this representative Norwegian population.
Three‐Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography–Derived Left Atrial Strain Parameters Are Reduced in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation (Results from the MAGYAR‐Path Study)
Authors: Chadaide Számi , Domsik Péter , Kalapos Anita , Sághy László , Forster Tamás , Nemes Attila 
Published: May 2013

Objective: Three‐dimensional (3D) speckle tracking echocardiography (3DSTE) is a novel imaging modality for assessing cardiac function. We aimed to analyze left atrial (LA) function using 3DSTE in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods: 3DSTE was performed in 20 patients prior to their pulmonary vein isolation for AF. Every patient underwent a complete two‐dimensional echocardiographic study at the same time. 3DSTE‐derived circumferential (CS), longitudinal (LS), radial (RS), 3D (3DS), and area strain (AS) values were measured in the basal (b), mid (m), and superior (s) regions of the LA. 3DSTE‐defined maximal (LAmax) and minimal LA volumes (LAmin) and LA total emptying fraction were calculated automatically. Eleven randomly selected age‐ and gender‐matched healthy volunteers served as controls. Results: Patients with AF had significantly larger LAmax and LAmin and reduced LS, RS and CS.3DS and AS were significantly lower throughout the LA in cases with AF (3DS−b, −m, −s [AF patients vs. controls]: −18 ± 8% vs. −29 ± 8%, P = 0.001; −14 ± 6% vs. −22 ± 7%, P = 0.002; −10 ± 7% vs. −20 ± 9%, P = 0.002; AS−b, −m, −s [AF patients vs. controls]: 35 ± 15% vs. 52 ± 13%, P = 0.004; 50 ± 21% vs. 72 ± 19%, P = 0.009; 31 ± 21% vs. 65 ± 27%, P < 0.0001, respectively). Conclusions: 3DSTE‐derived “uni‐dimensional” LS, RS, CS, as well as novel strain parameters (3DS, AS) are significantly reduced in patients with AF compared to matched controls. 3DS and AS might be new strain parameters providing further insights into the alterations of LA function in patients developing AF.
Hippocampal hyperexcitability and specific epileptiform activity in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome
Authors: Liautard Camille , Scalmani Paolo , Carriero Giovanni , de Curtis Marco , Franceschetti Silvana , Mantegazza Massimo 
Published: May 2013

SummaryPurposeDravet syndrome (DS) is caused by dominant mutations of the SCN1A gene, encoding the NaV1.1 sodium channel α subunit. Gene targeted mouse models of DS mutations replicate patients' phenotype and show reduced γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic inhibition. However, little is known on the properties of network hyperexcitability and on properties of seizure generation in these models. In fact, seizures have been studied thus far with surface electroencephalography (EEG), which did not show if specific brain regions are particularly involved. We have investigated hyperexcitability and epileptiform activities generated in neuronal networks of a mouse model of DS.MethodsWe have studied heterozygous NaV1.1 knock‐out mice performing field potential recordings in combined hippocampal/cortical slices in vitro and video/depth electrode intracerebral recordings in vivo during hyperthermia‐induced seizures.Key FindingsIn slices, we have disclosed specific signs of hyperexcitability of hippocampal circuits in both the pre‐epileptic and epileptic periods, and a specific epileptiform activity was generated in the hippocampus upon application of the convulsant 4‐aminopyridine in the epileptic period. During in vivo hyperthermia‐induced seizures, we have observed selective hippocampal activity in early preictal phases and pronounced hippocampal activity in the ictal phase.SignificanceWe have identified specific epileptiform activities and signs of network hyperexcitability, and disclosed the important role of the hippocampus in seizure generation in this model. These activities may be potentially used as targets for screenings of antiepileptic approaches.
Structural integrity assessment of metallic components under multiaxial fatigue: the C–S criterion and its evolution
Authors: Carpinteri Andrea , Spagnoli Andrea , Vantadori Sabrina , Bagni Cristian 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe present paper discusses the evolution of a critical plane‐based multiaxial high‐cycle fatigue criterion, known as Carpinteri–Spagnoli criterion. By proposing appropriate changes to the original formulation, the extended versions of the aforementioned criterion are able to assess smooth and notched metallic structural components subjected to different fatigue loading conditions, such as multiaxial in‐phase and out‐of‐phase synchronous cyclic loading, asynchronous cyclic loading and random loading. The results obtained through this criterion are compared with some experimental results related to relevant data reported in the literature.
Diffuse lung disease in infancy and childhood: expanding the chILD classification
Authors: Rice Alexandra , Tran‐Dang My‐Anh , Bush Andrew , Nicholson Andrew G 
Published: May 2013

AimsDiffuse parenchymal lung diseases (DPLD) in children comprise a wide spectrum of rare disorders. In 2007 the Children's Interstitial Lung Disease (chILD) Research Cooperative proposed a classification system for DPLD in children <2 years of age. The aims of our study were to determine the utility and reproducibility of this system in children <2 years of age, and test its extension to 18 years of age.Methods and resultsOf 211 cases, 93 were <2 years of age at presentation and 58% were included in the chILD classification. In 118 cases aged between 2 and 18 years there was a wider distribution of disorders, overlapping with those seen in adults, necessitating expansion of the chILD classification types to encompass all reviewed cases, in particular patients with ‘adult’ diffuse lung diseases. Many cases showed mixed histological patterns, overlap often being between groups of disorders more prevalent in infancy. Concordance between reporting pathologists was 90%.ConclusionsThe chILD scheme allows classification of conditions more common in children <2 years of age. It can be applied to children of any age, although additional entities need to be included. We propose a more histologically based system for use when assessing biopsies in this context.
Member engagement within digitally enabled social network communities: new methodological considerations
Authors: Germonprez Matt , Hovorka Dirk S. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDigitally enabled social networks (DESN) are a complex assemblage of engagement, reflection, action, technology, organization and community. DESN create a unique challenge for researchers who aim to understand what social networks are, what they can become and what enablers and constraints underlie trajectories of member engagement. As DESN continually evolve, knowing them as stable and reified representations or as mere technology artefacts provides a limited understanding of their complexity and emergent properties. While DESN are, in part, the technology that supports the necessary actions for engagement, they are also the people and behaviours that constitute its community. Through the presentation of new methodological considerations towards Digg, a large DESN, we observe that social networks entail practices of engagement, change and evolution within a DESN community. We reveal how engagement is a communal endeavour and that the clash of socio‐technical trajectories can result in the emergence of new paths of member participation. Our findings demonstrate the potential of netnography and impressionist tales for contributing to the ongoing pluralistic investigations of DESN and also inform research on engagement and community design and change.
Endemic plant communities on special soils: early victims or hardy survivors of climate change?
Authors: Damschen Ellen I. , Harrison Susan , Ackerly David D. , Fernandez‐Going Barbara M. , Anacker Brian L. 
Published: May 2013

Summary1. Predicting and mitigating climate change effects on ecological communities is a tremendous challenge. Little attention has been given to how endemic‐rich communities on isolated patches of low‐nutrient soil (e.g. serpentine) will respond to climate change.2. To address spatial factors (the isolated nature of outcrops), we incorporate habitat patchiness into species distribution models under climate change. The degree of overlap between current and future suitable habitat does not change when patchy habitats are incorporated, probably because serpentine occurs in mountainous regions where climatically and edaphically suitable regions geographically coincide. The dispersal distances required to move to newly suitable habitat are large, however, making successful migration unlikely.3. To address how non‐spatial factors affect the climate change responses of serpentine plant communities (e.g. the impacts of nutrient limitation and stress‐tolerant functional traits), we conduct a literature review. Some studies suggest that serpentine communities may be at less risk than ‘normal’ soil communities due to their stress‐tolerant functional traits, but there is also evidence to the contrary.4. Synthesis. Assessing climate change risk for the world’s diverse edaphic floras requires determining impacts on both special and ‘normal’ soil communities. Studies are needed that use functional traits, evaluate the role of evolutionary and ecological plasticity, examine responses across spatial and temporal scales and assess the efficacy of managed relocation efforts.
Resource‐based habitat associations in a neotropical liana community
Authors: Dalling James W. , Schnitzer Stefan A. , Baldeck Claire , Harms Kyle E. , John Robert , Mangan Scott A. , Lobo Elena , Yavitt Joseph B. , Hubbell Stephen P. 
Published: May 2013

Summary1. Lianas are a conspicuous element of many tropical forests, accounting for up to 40% of woody stem density and 20% of species richness in seasonal forests. However, lianas have seldom been surveyed at sufficiently large spatial scales to allow an assessment of the importance of habitat variables in structuring liana communities.2. We compare the association patterns of 82 liana species and an equivalent sample of tree species on the 50 ha Forest Dynamics Project plot on Barro Colorado Island, Panama, with topographic habitat variables (high and low plateau, slope, swamp and streamside), and thirteen mapped soil chemical variables. In addition, we test for liana species associations with canopy disturbance using a canopy height map of the plot generated using light detection and ranging.3. For all liana species combined, densities differed among topographic habitat types in the plot, with significantly higher densities on the seasonally drier lower plateau habitat (1044 individuals ha−1) than the moister slope habitat (729 individuals ha−1). Lianas were also significantly more abundant than expected in areas with low canopy height.4. The proportion of liana species associated with one or more topographic habitat variables (44%) was significantly lower than that for trees (66%). Similarly, liana species were significantly less frequently associated with PC axes derived from soil chemical variables (21%) than trees (52%). The majority of liana species (63%) were significantly associated with areas of the plot with low canopy height reflecting an affinity for treefall gaps.5. Synthesis. The habitat associations detected here suggest that liana density is associated primarily with canopy disturbance, and to a lesser extent with topography and soil chemistry. Relative to trees, few liana species were associated with local variation in topography and soil chemistry, suggesting that nutrient availability exerts only weak effects on liana community composition compared to trees. Results from this study support the contention that increases in forest disturbance rates are a driver of recently observed increases in liana abundance and biomass in neotropical forests.
Continental‐scale variability in browser diversity is a major driver of diversity patterns in acacias across Africa
Authors: Greve Michelle , Lykke Anne M. , Fagg Christopher W. , Bogaert Jan , Friis Ib , Marchant Rob , Marshall Andrew R. , Ndayishimiye Joël , Sandel Brody S. , Sandom Christopher , Schmidt Marco , Timberlake Jonathan R. , Wieringa Jan J. , Zizka Georg , Svenning Jens‐Christian 
Published: May 2013

Summary1. It has been proposed that, across broad spatial scales, climatic factors are the main drivers of ecological patterns, while biotic factors are mainly important at local spatial scales. However, few tests of the effect of biotic interactions on broad‐scale patterns have been conducted; conclusions about the scale‐dependence of the importance of biotic interactions thus seem premature.2. We developed an extensive database of locality records of one of Africa’s most conspicuous groups, the acacias (the genera Senegalia and Vachellia), and used species distribution models (SDMs) to estimate the distribution of all African acacias.3. African acacias are particularly well adapted against mammalian herbivory; therefore, we hypothesized that browser diversity could be an important driver of acacia richness. Species richness maps for the two genera were created from SDM‐generated maps. Ordinary least square (OLS) regressions and, to consider spatial autocorrelation, simultaneous autoregressive (SAR) analyses were used to model richness of the two genera in relation to mammalian browser richness, current environment (including climate), and climate history since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). We used variation partitioning to determine what percentage of variation could be explained by these three groups of factors.4. Both genera showed centres of richness in East Africa and the Limpopo Basin of southern Africa. Browser richness was the best explanatory variable for richness of both genera. Environmental factors explained negligible variation in the richness of Senegalia, but some variation in Vachellia. For both genera, the residuals of the species richness model of one genus also explained much variation in the richness of the other genus, indicating that common factors not considered in the richness analyses here may additionally be driving the richness of both genera.5. Mechanisms that could generate a correlation between browser and acacia richness are proposed, and differences in the determinants of richness patterns of Senegalia and Vachellia discussed in the light of the two genera’s history of colonization of Africa.6. Synthesis. This is the first study that demonstrates that consumer diversity can influence richness patterns at continental scales and demonstrates that biotic factors can drive richness even at broad spatial scales.
Spatial contiguity and continuity of canopy gaps in mixed wood boreal forests: persistence, expansion, shrinkage and displacement
Authors: Vepakomma Udayalakshmi , Kneeshaw Daniel , Fortin Marie‐Josée 
Published: May 2013

Summary1. Variation in forest gap size and duration are a result of spatial contiguity and continuity of gap infilling and tree mortality over time, which influences both species recruitment and successional pathways.2. As many gaps in boreal forests are small, their size and duration will affect the conditions influencing species recruitment. We investigate the spatial dynamics of these gaps (i.e. those which are persistent, ephemeral, expanding, displaced or disappearing) and tested whether gap spatio‐temporal patterns are consistent over different temporal periods (1998–2003 and 2003–2007).3. Forest canopy gaps were reconstructed for three plots (10, 10 and 6 ha in size) in southern boreal mixedwood forests around Lake Duparquet, north‐western Quebec (Canada), using a time series of high‐resolution canopy surface profiles from three light and ranging detection (lidar) system surveys during a 9‐year window. High‐resolution images were used to individually identify early and late successional gap makers. Dynamic changes in canopy gaps over a 9‐year period were investigated by implementing concepts of random set theory within a temporal GIS framework. Mortality was higher on the gap edges than in the forest interior, and shade tolerant species were more likely to be gap makers than shade intolerant species. Edge trees that died causing the expansion of gaps were much smaller than trees creating new gaps. Although the overall gap size distribution was consistent over the 9 years studied, the proportion of the total area opening and closing varied between periods. Independent analyses of time windows show an abundance of small gaps (below 40 m2) appearing and disappearing; however, analysis of spatial contiguity shows that the majority (over 80%) of gaps of all sizes were displaced and/or expanded.4. Synthesis. Contrary to the previous perception that small gaps are ephemeral, which would favour the recruitment of late successional species, our findings indicate that gap displacement and expansion may be a mechanism explaining the maintenance of favourable conditions for the recruitment of shade intolerant individuals, which has been previously observed in high‐latitude old‐growth boreal forests.
Evolution of dispersal traits in a biogeographical context: a study using the heterocarpicRumex bucephalophorusas a model
Authors: Talavera María , Arista Montserrat , Ortiz Pedro L. 
Published: May 2013

Summary1.Seed dispersal is crucial in determining the spatial patterns of plant populations, and selection pressure for dispersal varies over different scales. However, few empirical studies have assessed differences in dispersal traits in a biogeographical context.2.We studied dispersal traits in 46 populations ofRumex bucephalophorusfrom mainland and island locations, and from different habitats to test predictions of how insularity and habitat characteristics affect both dispersability (dispersal capacity and number of dispersible diaspores) and dispersal‐distance strategy. We also conducted a greenhouse experiment to compare dispersability of plants in nature and a controlled environment.3.Dispersability drastically changed when plants were cultivated in the greenhouse, revealing a high phenotypic plasticity for dispersal and showing that the maternal environment directly influences dispersal. However, dispersal‐distance strategy, estimated by the production of either long diaspores (LD) or short diaspores (SD), seems to be genetically determined. Dispersability was markedly affected by the habitat in which the plants develop, but the patterns found are not consistent with theoretical predictions. We found two contrasting patterns of dispersal on islands: Atlantic island populations showed a trend to seed monomorphism and mid‐dispersal strategy, whilst Mediterranean island populations showed seed heteromorphism and long‐dispersal strategy. These contrasting patterns support theoretical predictions that long‐distance dispersal evolves in heteromorphic plants, whilst in monomorphic plants only local dispersal evolves. Lastly, we have found a clear mid‐dispersal‐distance strategy in coastal sands and Atlantic islands; we suggest that the low environmental variation shared by these two zones selects for shorter distances of dispersal.4.Synthesis. Most models describing the evolution of dispersal strategies assume that forces selecting for decreased dispersability also select for decreased dispersal distances. However, inR. bucephalophorusdispersal distance and dispersability showed contrasting patterns of variation. The fact that these two traits are differently determined could suggest that they can respond in a different manner to selective pressures.