bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observational study of the effects of dabigatran on gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation
Authors: Yamashita Takeshi , Watanabe Eiichi , Ikeda Takanori , Shiga Tsuyoshi , Kusano Kengo F. , Takahashi Naohiko , Takahashi Toshiyuki , Nozaki Akira , Kasao Masashi , Fukatsu Tohru , Kawamura Yuichiro , Komatsu Takashi , Matsumoto Naoki , Arakawa Tomoharu , Sugiura Atsushi , Iwao Tetsu , Ooie Tatsuhiko 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundDyspepsia (including upper abdominal pain, abdominal pain, abdominal discomfort, epigastric discomfort, and dyspepsia) is a symptom that is carefully monitored during dabigatran treatment. However, detailed information on dyspepsia, including onset, duration, severity, and use of drug treatment, has not yet been established in Japanese patients.MethodsWe conducted a multi‐center, prospective, open‐label, randomized, and parallel‐group‐comparison observational study of 309 patients with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation who had been newly prescribed dabigatran at 19 institutes in Japan. Gastrointestinal adverse events were evaluated using the Global Overall Severity (GOS) scale self‐reports to describe symptoms and to assess frequency and severity of symptoms (Part 1). Thereafter, patients with a GOS score ≥3 were randomized to receive a 4‐week course of a proton pump inhibitor, an H2‐receptor antagonist or a gastric mucosal protective drug (Part 2).ResultsThe incidence of dyspepsia symptoms due to dabigatran was 17.2% (53/309, 95% confidence interval 13.1–21.8%), with 77% of events occurring within 10 days of initiation. Five patients discontinued the study because of dyspepsia. At the end of the observation period, the mean GOS score of those reporting dyspepsia was 3.5±1.7, with 11.3% (35/309) reporting a score ≥3. Substantial differences in the incidence of dyspepsia were observed between the study institutes (0–41%). In the multivariate regression analysis, no significant factor was found to affect incidence or severity of dyspepsia. The majority (83–100%) reported that symptoms improved with treatment (GOS score ≤2), and there was no significant difference between the three different treatment groups.ConclusionsThe reported symptoms of dyspepsia were generally mild, but were moderate in approximately 10% of patients. Proton pump inhibitors, H2‐receptor antagonists, and rebamipide seemed to be equally effective in relieving dabigatran‐related dyspepsia (umin‐CTR UMIN000007579).
Anatomical consideration for safe pericardiocentesis assessed by three‐dimensional computed tomography: Should an anterior or posterior approach be used?
Authors: Teranishi Jin , Okajima Katsunori , Kiuchi Kunihiko , Shimane Akira , Fukuzawa Koji , Kanda Gaku , Yokoi Kiminobu , Yamada Shinichiro , Taniguchi Yasuyo , Yasaka Yoshinori , Kawai Hiroya 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe efficacy of epicardial catheter ablation for ventricular tachycardia has been reported. However, the safest anatomical method for pericardial puncture has not been determined.MethodsThirty patients who underwent 3‐dimensional computed tomography (3D‐CT) preceding catheter ablations for atrial fibrillation were enrolled in this study. We used the skin surface 1 cm below the xiphisternum as the puncture site. For the anterior approach, the attainment site was the pericardium of the mid portion of right ventricular anterior site, and for the posterior approach it was the pericardium of the inferior ventricular site. The distance and the angle between the 2 sites were measured using 3D‐CT.ResultsFor the anterior approach, the distance was 54±11 mm and the needle angle was 37±11° toward the left scapula and 34±12° towards the back of the body. For the posterior approach, the distance was 56±10 mm and the corresponding needle angles were 60±9° and 86±13°. The distance correlated with BMI for the anterior and posterior approaches (anterior approach: r2=0.43, P<0.001; posterior approach: r2=0.49, P<0.001). Liver existed along the pathway of the posterior approach in 11 (37%) of 30 patients, and through in 2 (18%) of 11 patients. The liver and lung were not located along the pathway of the anterior approach in any patients.ConclusionsPerforming subxiphoid pericardiocentesis is anatomically safer via the anterior approach than via the posterior approach.
Underestimation of the coexistence of iron deficiencies and thalassemia minors: a single institution experience in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Chung‐King , Chen Ling‐Ping , Chang Hsiu‐Lin , Sung Yung‐Chuan 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSome physicians neglect the possible coexistence of an iron deficiency with a thalassemia minor and do not treat the iron deficiency accordingly. This motivated us to conduct this study. We retrospectively reviewed the records of 3892 patients who visited our clinics and had hemoglobin (Hb) electrophoreses performed in our hematologic laboratory from August 1, 2007 to December 31, 2012. The thalassemia minors were identified by characteristic complete blood count (CBC) parameters obtained from an autoanalyzer and Hb electrophoresis, and some cases were confirmed with molecular tests. Then, we checked iron studies [ferritin and/or serum iron with total iron‐binding capacity (TIBC)] to determine the coexistence of an iron deficiency with a thalassemia minor and a response to iron, if such treatments were given. We found 792 cases with thalassemia minors, and excluded those without iron studies, with 661 cases as our sample. A total of 202/661 cases (31%) also had iron deficiencies. They had lower red blood cell (RBC) counts, Hb, and ferritin levels as compared to those thalassemia minor cases without coexistence of iron deficiencies. We concluded that the thalassemia minor patients did not have iron overload complications in our population. On the contrary, iron deficiencies commonly coexist in the clinical visits. We propose that if Hb < 11.5 g/dL in a case of thalassemia minor, one should screen for iron deficiency simultaneously. The sensitivity is 79.8% and the specificity is 82.6%. Therefore, physicians should be aware of this coexisting condition, and know how to recognize and treat it accordingly.
A geochronologic framework for the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site, Snowmass Village, Colorado
Authors: Mahan Shannon A. , Gray Harrison J. , Pigati Jeffrey S. , Wilson Jim , Lifton Nathaniel A. , Paces James B. , Blaauw Maarten 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe Ziegler Reservoir fossil site near Snowmass Village, Colorado (USA), provides a unique opportunity to reconstruct high-altitude paleoenvironmental conditions in the Rocky Mountains during the Last Interglacial Period. We used four different techniques to establish a chronological framework for the site. Radiocarbon dating of lake organics, bone collagen, and shell carbonate, andin situcosmogenic10Be and26Al ages on a boulder on the crest of a moraine that impounded the lake suggest that the ages of the sediments that hosted the fossils are between ~140 ka and >45 ka. Uranium-series ages of vertebrate remains generally fall within these bounds, but extremely low uranium concentrations and evidence of open-system behavior limit their utility. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages (n = 18) obtained from fine-grained quartz maintain stratigraphic order, were replicable, and provide reliable ages for the lake sediments. Analysis of the equivalent dose (DE) dispersion of the OSL samples showed that the sediments were fully bleached prior to deposition and low scatter suggests that eolian processes were likely the dominant transport mechanism for fine-grained sediments into the lake. The resulting ages show that the fossil-bearing sediments span the latest part of Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 6, all of MIS 5 and MIS 4, and the earliest part of MIS 3.
Effects of indoor swimming pools on the nasal cytology of pool workers
Authors: Erkul E , Yaz A , Cİngİ C , İnançlI H M , San T , Bal C 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjective:We aimed to evaluate the relationship between swimming pool pollutants and allergic rhinitis in swimming pool workers.Materials and methods:Twenty-seven indoor pool workers (group 1) and 49 control subjects (group 2) were enrolled in the study. A skin prick test was performed and a nasal smear was obtained from each subject to evaluate rhinitis.Results:When the groups were compared in terms of epithelial cells, group 1 had significantly more epithelial cells than group 2. When the groups were compared with regard to eosinophils, group 1 had significantly more eosinophils than group 2. The skin prick test results for both groups were not significantly different.Conclusion:Indoor pool workers showed severe symptoms of rhinitis and eosinophilic nasal cytology, likely due to chlorine. Nasal cytology is an easy-to-administer diagnostic test and can be used to follow up rhinitis in indoor pool workers, along with nasal endoscopy, a detailed clinical history and a skin prick test.
“The Chief Characteristical Mark of the True Church”: John Locke's Theology of Toleration and His Case for Civil Religion
Authors: Herold Aaron L. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis essay argues that Locke'sReasonableness of Christianityprovides a morally robust argument for religious pluralism—one which avoids the pitfalls of relativism and official neutrality by elucidating the need for a civil religion of toleration. The work thus contains Locke's friendly critique of his more radical Enlightenment contemporaries who had openly debunked the Bible. This critique is friendly, I argue, because Locke ultimately agrees with Spinoza and Hobbes about revelation, miracles, and religion's psychological causes. While Locke joined these thinkers in a common project to make Christianity less sacrificial and friendlier to enlightened selfishness, his analysis also reveals the need to retain some of its self-abnegating spirit in liberalism's service. But Locke has difficulty accounting for that spirit itself, and this problem in one of liberalism's original theorists may help explain the dissatisfactions and anxieties troubling tolerant societies today.
Bad Education: Pity, Moral Learning, and the Limits of Rousseauan Friendship
Authors: Warner John 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDespite a recent resurgence of interest in friendship and a seemingly inexhaustible fascination with Rousseau, scholars have neglected Rousseau's conception of friendship. The work that does exist emphasizes friendship's ability to inculcate virtue, and moors Rousseau to the classical notion that friendship catalyzes ethical improvement. However, Rousseau lowers the aim of friendship by decoupling it from the process of moral learning and putting limits on the degree of intimacy between friends. The argument is made in four steps. First, Rousseau's theory of friendship differs from its relevant predecessors in both origin and end. Second, the effort to ground friendship in pity bounds emotional intimacy, since pity introduces elements of character difference as well as sameness. Third, Rousseauan friendship fails to catalyze virtue and is successful instead in providing consolation. Finally, the essay considers the function of friendship in a Rousseauan polity.
The Psychological Dangers of Positive Liberty: Reconstructing a Neglected Undercurrent in Isaiah Berlin's “Two Concepts of Liberty”
Authors: Gustavsson Gina 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBerlin is often taken to have exaggerated his case against positive liberty, since contrary to what he seems to argue, several versions of it do not logically justify coercion. A more historical interpretation of his warnings may save him from this accusation, yet on the other hand suggests his message is of little relevance for contemporary liberalism. In contrast to both these approaches, this essay considers a third and largely neglected aspect of “Two Concepts of Liberty,” that speaks more directly to the challenges facing liberalism today: Berlin's warning that positive liberty invites the specific kind of coercion that parades as liberation, and that it does so according to a psychologically predictable pattern. After reconstructing this undercurrent in Berlin's critique of positive liberty, this essay also considers the relevance of Berlin's warnings to contemporary European debates on banning the Muslim veil in the name of liberation.
Budgeting and implementing fiscal policy in Italy
Authors: Cepparulo Alessandra , Gastaldi Francesca , Giuriato Luisa , Sacchi Agnese 
Published: April 2014

AbstractForecast errors in budgetary variables are frequent. When systematic, they are a source of concern, as they signal misconduct in fiscal policymaking, undermine the government’s credibility and compromise long-term fiscal sustainability. This paper analyses the characteristics of fiscal forecasting and implementation errors in Italy usingreal-timedata over the period 1998–2009. Several empirical methods are applied in order to identify the features of policymakers’ behaviour in preparing and implementing annual fiscal policy and to discover potential determinants in the formation of the implementation errors. Our results show that implemented budgetary plans systematically fall short one year ahead of ambitious planned adjustments for the main public finance aggregates. Fiscal illusion dominates revenue and GDP forecasting, and preliminary data releases are severely biased estimators of the final data, especially for expenditures. The role of the parliamentary session in driving a severe expenditure drift is confirmed.
New evidence for a Roman fort and vicus at Mizda (Tripolitania)
Authors: Schimmer Florian 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe existence of a Roman military fort at the town of Mizda, about 150 km south of Tripoli, has long been assumed, in spite of scarce archaeological indications. A field survey, conducted recently in the area around the old town of Mizda, yielded an assemblage of pottery dating to the mid and late Roman periods. The pottery provides the first unequivocal evidence for a Roman settlement around (and beneath) the old town, most probably in the form of a fort and vicus.
New fieldwork at the Severan fort ofMyd(…)/Gheriat el-Garbia on thelimes Tripolitanus
Authors: Mackensen Michael 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe most outstanding oasis fort of thelimes Tripolitanus, Myd(---)/Gheriat el-Garbia, saw the deployment of various military units between AD 198/201 and 275/80. Archaeological research in 2009/10 focussed on the fortifications, particularly the main and rear gates, the northern angle tower and interval towers 2 and 4 as well as the curtain wall at its south corner. The towers of theporta praetoriahave been reconstructed theoretically with three storeys, at an overall height ofc.12.5 m. Of the headquarters building two of the rear rooms, including the shrine, were excavated. A monumental inscription of a length ofc.9.0 m and corresponding architectural elements suggest the existence of agromabuilding. Completely unexpected by archaeologists as well as ancient historians and rather spectacular is a late Roman reoccupation of the military site: after a hiatus ofc.80+ years building activities were undertaken within the fort and repairs and the blocking of the main gate could be observed and probably attributed to the deployment of a unit oflimitaneibetween AD 360/80 (at the earliest) and 430/55. The reoccupied fort might be identified with the so far unknowncastra Madensia, where themilites munificeswere garrisoned (Notitia Dignitatum Occ.31, 30). Further evidence of occupation, possibly of a Libyan chieftain and his tribe, has been assigned to the second half of the fifth century, continuing thereafter until AD 540+.
Desert Migrations Project XVI: Radiocarbon Dates from the Murzuq Region, Southern Libya
Authors: Sterry Martin , Mattingly David , Higham Tom 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis article concerns a series of 20 samples submitted for AMS radiocarbon dating from historic sites in the Libyan Sahara. The sites had been identified initially from remote sensing analysis, then visited on the ground in 2011 and organic samples suitable for a dating programme obtained. With the help of an award from the NERC-AHRC National Radiocarbon Facility, this initial suite of dates has been provided. The results are important in several ways. They demonstrate very clearly that settlement in this hyper-arid desert landscape reached its densest pattern in the late Garamantian era, broadly the fourth-fifth centuries AD. In the Islamic era that followed, though the overall population appears less dense, our dates throw light on several possible phases of settlement renewal.
DMP XIII: Reconnaissance Survey of Archaeological Sites in the Murzuq Area
Authors: Sterry Martin , Mattingly David , Ahmed Muftah , Savage Toby , White Kevin , Wilson Andrew 
Published: April 2014

AbstractReconnaissance survey in the Murzuq area, some 150 km south-east of Jarma, was carried out as part of the 2011 field programme of the Desert Migrations Project, with separate funding from the Leverhulme Trust for this element of work entitled the ‘Peopling the Desert Project’. This survey was designed to provide field verification of details of settlement systems identified and mapped from high-resolution satellite images in an area ofc. 600 km2immediately east of the oasis town of Murzuq. Examination of high-resolution QuickBird and Ikonos satellite imagery has permitted identification of a large dossier of more than 200 sites (fortified buildings known asqsur, other settlements, cemeteries, wells, fields/gardens and linear irrigation works called foggaras). The majority of these sites have never been previously noted or mapped and the date of the sites was unknown at the outset, though they clearly pertained to the historic periods. While further study of the finds and scientific dating evidence is required, the initial results of the brief field visit have major implications for our understanding of Garamantian and early Islamic settlement in south-eastern Fazzan.
DMP XIV: Prehistoric sites in the Wadi Barjuj, Fazzan, Libyan Sahara
Authors: Lahr Marta Mirazón , Foley Robert , Crivellaro Federica , Fernandez José Maillo , Wilshaw Alex , Copsey Ben , Rivera Frances , Mattingly David 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis paper reports on the fifth season of fieldwork for the Palaeoanthropology part of the Desert Migrations Project. Previous seasons established an extensive archaeological map based on a wide survey of the rich record along the edges of the Ubari Sand Sea, a small area of the Messak Settafet, the Wadi al-Ajal, the Wadi ash-Shati and the Wadi Barjuj. These surveys, complemented with small excavations, demonstrated a deep prehistory to the Fazzan, with Mode 1 technologies, Acheulean, Mode 3 (classic Levallois, large blade technologies, and Aterian), and Late Stone Age and Neolithic assemblages, some with pottery and grinding stones. The focus of the 2011 season was the Wadi Barjuj. This is an extensive wadi system to the South of the Messak, running along the northern edge of the Murzuq Sand Sea, and draining towards the east. Geomorphologically, it comprises old channel cut and fill gravels, usually finely graded, with areas of ancient lacustrine duricrusts, some of which are elevated significantly above the landscape. Surveys, complementing those of 2008, revealed a particularly rich and extensive Holocene series of sites, with microliths, pottery and grinding stones. These sites indicate a dense early Holocene occupation which seems associated with both hunter-gatherers and pastoralists. In addition, there was a low frequency of MSA lithics (compared to other survey areas), although one extremely rich site (BJJ4) had a very large number of water-worn, highly diagnostic small bifaces, characteristics of some Africa MSA traditions. Acheulean was relatively rare. One restricted locality (BJJ6) provided further evidence for a Mode 1 presence in the region, similar to that reported earlier from the Messak and Wadi ash-Shati (Mirazón Lahr et al. 2009, 2010). The context for the finds suggests that at various points during the Pleistocene the Wadi Barjuj was a low lying, swampy and/or lacustrine region, possibly riverine at times, and attractive to hominin populations because of its relatively rich resource base. This paper describes the localities and finds underpinning these conclusions.
Cyrene Papers: The Final Report. Richard Norton's Exploration of the Northern Necropolis of Cyrene (24 October 1910 – 4 May 1911): From Archives to Archaeological Contexts
Authors: Santucci Anna , Uhlenbrock J.P. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe rock-cut tombs of Cyrene's Northern Necropolis have survived to the present day in a pitifully ruinous state because of the looting that has taken place since antiquity and because of their frequent re-use as dwellings or stables. An important archive of typewritten reports, photographs, sketches, and correspondence pertaining to this necropolis is preserved principally in the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston and documents the first officially-sanctioned archaeological excavation at Cyrene. This was conducted by an American archaeological mission lead by Richard Norton from October 1910 to the end of April 1911 and was jointly sponsored by the Archaeological Institute of America and the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston. The documents, particularly those that chronicle the excavation of four tombs and their associated finds, represent an important resource for our understanding of the history of the exploration of this necropolis. They not only offer information on individual monuments, but they also illustrate the typological range of artefacts selected for funerary ritual from the late Classical period into the second century AD, but principally during the Hellenistic period. Additionally, the documents reveal particular funerary practices, such as the successive re-use of tombs that took place at least from the late Hellenistic period onwards.
Emperor's Dream to King's Folly: The Provenance of the Antiquities from Lepcis Magna Incorporated into the ‘Ruins’ at Virginia Water (part 2)
Authors: Lane Andrew 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn the grounds of Windsor Great Park stands an elaborate folly in the form of an idealised classical ruin. Built at the beginning of the nineteenth century, the ruins are constructed almost entirely from reused material. This includes an important assemblage of antiquities from the Roman site of Lepcis Magna, in Libya. Whilst the origin of the collection has never been forgotten, there has been no attempt to establish the provenance of the individual elements. Through a process of comparison, this article establishes where most of the antiquities originated. Increasing our knowledge of both this important folly and the collection of incorporated antiquities, this article also explores the nature of Warrington's work at Lepcis Magna.