bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of the residual toxicity and chemistry of a sodium hydroxide-based ballast water treatment system for freshwater ships
Authors: Elskus Adria A. , Ingersoll Christopher G. , Kemble Nile E. , Echols Kathy R. , Brumbaugh William G. , Henquinet Jeffrey W. , Watten Barnaby J. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Nonnative organisms in the ballast water of freshwater ships must be killed to prevent the spread of invasive species. The ideal ballast water treatment system (BWTS) would kill 100% of ballast water organisms with minimal residual toxicity to organisms in receiving waters. In the present study, the residual toxicity and chemistry of a BWTS was evaluated. Sodium hydroxide was added to elevate pH to &gt;11.5 to kill ballast water organisms, then reduced to pH &lt;9 by sparging with wet-scrubbed diesel exhaust (the source of CO2). Cladocerans (Ceriodaphnia dubia), amphipods (Hyalella azteca), and fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were exposed for 2 d to BWTS water under an air atmosphere (pH drifted to ≥9) or a 2.5% CO2 atmosphere (pH 7.5–8.2), then transferred to control water for 5 d to assess potential delayed toxicity. Chemical concentrations in the BWTS water met vessel discharge guidelines with the exception of concentrations of copper. There was little to no residual toxicity to cladocerans or fish, but the BWTS water was toxic to amphipods. Maintaining a neutral pH and diluting BWTS water by 50% eliminated toxicity to the amphipods. The toxicity of BWTS water would likely be minimal because of rapid dilution in the receiving water, with subsurface release likely preventing pH rise. This BWTS has the potential to become a viable method for treating ballast water released into freshwater systems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1405–1416. © 2015 SETAC
Aquatic environmental risk assessment for human use of the old antibiotic sulfamethoxazole in Europe
Authors: Straub Jürg Oliver 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is an old sulfonamide antibiotic that was launched first in combination with trimethoprim in 1969 by F.Hoffmann-La Roche. Although sales figures for SMX have been declining over the past 20 yr, the compound is still widely used; moreover, many measured environmental concentrations (MECs) are available from Europe, the United States, Asia, Australia, and Africa. To assess aquatic risks of SMX in Europe, the exposure of European surface waters was predicted based on actual sales figures from IMS Health, incorporating environmental fate data on one side, and based on collated MECs representing more than 5500 single measurements in Europe on the other. Environmental effects were assessed using chronic and subchronic ecotoxicity data for 16 groups of aquatic organisms, from periphyton communities to cyanobacteria, algae, higher plants, various invertebrates, and vertebrates. Predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) were derived using both deterministic and probabilistic methodology. The predicted environmental concentration (PEC)/PNEC and MEC/PNEC comparisons overall showed no appreciable risk, except in a low incidence (&lt;0.55%) of cases in which exceptionally high MECs led to MEC/PNEC risk characterization ratios greater than 1. The PNECs derived in the present study can be used to extend aquatic environmental risk assessment for SMX to other continents. No risk appears for indirect human exposure to SMX via the environment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:767–779. © 2015 SETAC
Synthesis, odour evaluation and antimicrobial activity of some geranyl acetone and nerolidol analogues
Authors: Bonikowski Radosław , Świtakowska Paulina , Kula Józef 
Published: February 2015

AbstractGeranyl acetone and nerolidol have a broad spectrum of bioactivity, they exhibit, inter alia, olfactory, germicidal and antimicrobial properties. Twelve E/Z‐mixtures of analogues of geranyl acetone and nerolidol were examined for their odour and antimicrobial activity. Mixtures of analogues of geranyl acetone generally have a scent that is similar to the parent terpenoid, with interesting notes (violet, rose, fruity), while the odour of similar mixtures of nerolidol analogues was rather weak, floral, fresh and fruity. The odour thresholds and relative volatility factors were determined. The antimicrobial activity of products described in this paper, in comparison with nerolidol and geranyl acetone, was similar. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanical Response of a Large Fuel Cell Stack to Impact: A Numerical Analysis
Authors: Wu C.‐W. , Liu B. , Wei M.‐Y. , Zhang W. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractLarge fuel cell stacks usually undergo dynamic load (vibration and impact) during packing, transportation, and serving time, in particular for those used in the automobiles. This may cause the decay in the performance, and even structure damage of the stack. We numerically analyze the mechanical response of a large fuel cell stack clamped by steel belts to a violent impact in the present paper. It is found that the location of the clamping belts has a great effect on the anti‐impact performance of the stack. The results also indicate that the cells near the endplates have a worse anti‐impact performance than those far from the endplates. When subjected to a large impact in the direction parallel with the cells, the stack may give rise to interface slippage between cells, showing a downward bowing phenomenon. The relative slippage between cells is affected by the clamping force, impact acceleration and the friction coefficient between cells. A large interface friction coefficient and a reasonable high clamping force are expected in order to increase the anti‐impact performance.
Hepatitis B‐related serological events in hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients and efficacy of lamivudine prophylaxis against reactivation
Authors: Gupta Alok , Punatar Sachin , Gawande Jayant , Bagal Bhausaheb , Mathew Libin , Bhat Vivek , Kannan Sadhana , Khattry Navin 
Published: February 2015

AbstractReactivation of remote hepatitis B infection (RHBI) is an important cause of morbidity in hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) patients. We analyzed the prevalence of RHBI in 205 patients who underwent HCT in our centre, serological events related to hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation and role of lamivudine prophylaxis in HCT patients with RHBI. The prevalence of RHBI was 14% (28/205 patients). Of these 28 patients, 15 received lamivudine prophylaxis (14 anti‐HBcIgG positive and 1 only anti‐HBs positive) while 13 did not receive lamivudine prophylaxis (12 anti‐HBs positive and 1 anti‐HBcIgG positive). None in prophylaxis group developed HBV reactivation while 12 of 13 in no‐prophylaxis group reactivated (P < 0.001). The rate of HBV reactivation was 10% (21/205 patients), which included 9 patients with no evidence of RHBI pre‐transplant. We conclude that lamivudine prophylaxis protects against HBV reactivation in HCT patients with evidence of RHBI. Lamivudine prophylaxis should be used not only in patients with anti‐HBcIgG positivity but also in those with isolated anti‐HBs positivity pre‐transplant given the high rate of HBV reactivation in these patients. HBV serology cannot identify all cases with RHBI and therefore does not preclude HBV reactivation post‐transplant. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Half‐Century Odyssey in the Realm of Reactive Intermediates
Authors: Moss Robert A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThrough a retrospective examination of the author’s half‐century immersion in physical organic chemistry, an attempt is made to identify some broader currents in the field. Among these are the cyclical nature of physical organic chemistry, the persistence of research themes, the driving force of new instrumentation, paradigm shifts in theory, greater computational power, enhanced time resolution of experiments, and the export of mechanism‐based analysis to other foci of contemporary science.
Structural Characterization of Frustrated Lewis Pairs and Their Reaction Products Using Modern Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy Techniques
Authors: Wiegand Thomas , Siedow Melanie , Eckert Hellmut , Kehr Gerald , Erker Gerhard 
Published: February 2015

AbstractFrustrated Lewis pair (FLP) chemistry has provided a new strategy for small‐molecule binding and/or catalytic activation. The most prominent FLPs are based on intramolecular phosphaneborane adducts, the catalytic properties of which can be tailored over wide ranges of reactivity and selectivity. Advanced solid‐state NMR spectroscopic techniques, together with DFT calculations, can provide new structural insights in these systems. This review illustrates the utility of 31P and 11B NMR chemical shifts, 11B electric field gradient tensors, and 31P11B indirect and direct dipoledipole interactions for characterizing intramolecular boranephosphane FLPs. We demonstrate the potential of this method to 1) quantify the extent of boronphosphorus bonding interactions (and hence, the “degree of frustration”); 2) reveal specific structural details (i.e., boronphosphorus distances and other local geometric aspects) related to their catalytic activities; and (3) characterize products of FLP reactions with regard to molecular structure, stereochemistry, and aggregation properties in terms of internuclear distances, bonding connectivities, and orientational parameters.
SALTMED Model as an Integrated Management Tool for Water, Crop, Soil and N‐Fertilizer Water Management Strategies and Productivity: Field and Simulation Study
Authors: Ragab R. , Battilani A. , Matovic G. , Stikic R. , Psarras G. , Chartzoulakis K. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis paper is a follow‐up from a paper which described the SALTMED model. In this paper the focus is on the model application, using data of tomato and potato from field experiments in Italy, Greece (Crete) and Serbia. Drip full irrigation, drip deficit irrigation, drip as partial root drying (PRD), sprinkler and furrow irrigation were used in the 3‐yr experiment between 2006 and 2008. In drip‐irrigated experiments, the drip line was 10–12 cm below the surface. Dry matter, final yield, soil moisture and soil nitrogen were successfully simulated. The study showed that there is a great potential for saving water when using subsurface drip, PRD or drip deficit irrigation compared with sprinkler and furrow irrigation. Depending on the crop and irrigation system, the amount of fresh water that can be saved could vary between 14 and 44%. PRD and deficit drip irrigation have proved to be the most efficient water application strategies with the highest water productivity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of a methyl‐deficient diet on the global DNA methylation and the DNA methylation regulatory pathways
Authors: Takumi Shota , Okamura Kazuyuki , Yanagisawa Hiroyuki , Sano Tomoharu , Kobayashi Yayoi , Nohara Keiko 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMethyl‐deficient diets are known to induce various liver disorders, in which DNA methylation changes are implicated. Recent studies have clarified the existence of the active DNA demethylation pathways that start with oxidization of 5‐methylcytosine (5meC) to 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine by ten‐eleven translocation (Tet) enzymes, followed by the action of base–excision–repair pathways. Here, we investigated the effects of a methionine–choline‐deficient (MCD) diet on the hepatic DNA methylation of mice by precisely quantifying 5meC using a liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry and by investigating the regulatory pathways, including DNA demethylation. Although feeding the MCD diet for 1 week induced hepatic steatosis and lower level of the methyl donor S‐adenosylmethionine, it did not cause a significant reduction in the 5meC content. On the other hand, the MCD diet significantly upregulated the gene expression of the Tet enzymes, Tet2 and Tet3, and the base–excision–repair enzymes, thymine DNA glycosylase and apurinic/apyrimidinic‐endonuclease 1. At the same time, the gene expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 and a, was also significantly increased by the MCD diet. These results suggest that the DNA methylation level is precisely regulated even when dietary methyl donors are restricted. Methyl‐deficient diets are well known to induce oxidative stress and the oxidative‐stress‐induced DNA damage, 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8OHdG), is reported to inhibit DNA methylation. In this study, we also clarified that the increase in 8OHdG number per DNA by the MCD diet is approximately 10 000 times smaller than the reduction in 5meC number, suggesting the contribution of 8OHdG formation to DNA methylation would not be significant. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heterozygous p53 knockout mouse model for dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloid‐induced carcinogenesis
Authors: Brown Ammon W. , Stegelmeier Bryan L. , Colegate Steven M. , Panter Kip E. , Knoppel Edward L. , Hall Jeffery O. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids (DHPA) are a large, structurally diverse group of plant‐derived protoxins that are potentially carcinogenic. With worldwide significance, these alkaloids can contaminate or be naturally present in the human food supply. To develop a small animal model that may be used to compare the carcinogenic potential of the various DHPAs, male heterozygous p53 knockout mice were administered a short‐term treatment of riddelliine 5, 15 or 45 mg kg–1 bodyweight day–1 by oral gavage for 14 days, or dosed a long‐term treatment of riddelliine 1 mg kg–1 bodyweight day–1 in pelleted feed for 12 months. Exposure to riddelliine increased the odds of tumor development in a dose‐responsive manner (odds ratio 2.05 and Wald 95% confidence limits between 1.2 and 3.4). The most common neoplastic process was hepatic hemangiosarcoma, which is consistent with published lifetime rodent riddelliine carcinogenesis studies. Angiectasis (peliosis hepatis) and other previously unreported lesions were also identified. The results of this research demonstrate the utility of the heterozygous p53 knockout mouse model for further investigation of comparative carcinogenesis of structurally and toxicologically different DHPAs and their N‐oxides. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Extended culture of macrophages from different sources and maturation results in a common M2 phenotype
Authors: Chamberlain Lisa M. , Holt‐Casper Dolly , Gonzalez‐Juarrero Mercedes , Grainger David W. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractInflammatory responses to biomaterials heavily influence the environment surrounding implanted devices, often producing foreign‐body reactions. The macrophage is a key immunomodulatory cell type consistently associated with implanted biomaterials and routinely used in short‐term in vitro cell studies of biomaterials aiming to reproduce host responses. Inconsistencies within these studies, including differently sourced cells, different durations of culture, and assessment of different activation markers, lead to many conflicting results in vitro that confound consistency and conclusions. We hypothesize that different experimentally popular monocyte–macrophage cell types have intrinsic in vitro culture‐specific differences that yield conflicting results. Recent studies demonstrate changes in cultured macrophage cytokine expression over time, leading to the hypothesis that changes in macrophage phenotype also occur in response to extended culture. Here, macrophage cells of different transformed and primary‐derived origins were cultured for 21 days on model polymer biomaterials. Cell type‐based differences in morphology and cytokine/chemokine expression as well as changes in cell surface biomarkers associated with differentiation stage, activation state, and adhesion were compared. Results reflect consistent macrophage development toward an M2 phenotype via up‐regulation of the macrophage mannose receptor for all cell types following 21‐day extended culture. Significantly, implanted biomaterials experiencing the foreign‐body response and encapsulation in vivo often elicit a shift toward an analogous M2 macrophage phenotype. In vitro “default” of macrophage cultures, regardless of lineage, to this M2 state in the presence of biomaterials at long culture periods is not recognized, but has important implications to in vitro modeling of in vivo host response. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 2864–2874, 2015.
Computational Simulation Techniques to Understand Rifampicin Resistance Mutation (S425L) of rpoB in M. leprae
Authors: Nisha J. , Shanthi V. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTMycobacterium leprae, the etiologic agent of leprosy, is non‐cultivable in vitro. Consequently, the assessment of antibiotic activity against M. leprae hinge mainly upon the time consuming mouse footpad system. As M. leprae develops resistance against most of the drugs, the evolution of new long acting antimycobacterial compounds stand in need for leprosy control. The rpoB of M. leprae is the target of antimycobacterial drug, rifampicin. Recently, cases were reported that rpoB mutation (S425L) became resistant to rifampicin and the mechanism of resistance is still not well understood. The present study is aimed at studying the molecular and structural mechanism of the rifampicin binding to both native and mutant rpoB through computational approaches. From molecular docking, we demonstrated the stable binding of rifampicin through two hydrogen bonding with His420 residue of native than with mutant rpoB where one hydrogen bonding was found with Ser406. The difference in binding energies observed in the docking study evidently signifies that rifampicin is less effective in the treatment of patients with S425L variant. Moreover, the molecular dynamics studies also highlight the stable binding of rifampicin with native than mutant (S425L) rpoB. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 1278–1285, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Vitamin D Control of Hematopoietic Cell Differentiation and Leukemia
Authors: Studzinski George P. , Harrison Jonathan S. , Wang Xuening , Sarkar Surojit , Kalia Vandana , Danilenko Michael 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIt is now well known that in the mammalian body vitamin D is converted by successive hydroxylations to 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D), a steroid‐like hormone with pleiotropic properties. These include important contributions to the control of cell proliferation, survival and differentiation, as well as the regulation of immune responses in disease. Here, we present recent advances in current understanding of the role of 1,25D in myelopoiesis and lymphopoiesis, and the potential of 1,25D and analogs (vitamin D derivatives; VDDs) for the control of hematopoietic malignancies. The reasons for the unimpressive results of most clinical studies of the therapeutic effects of VDDs in leukemia and related diseases may include the lack of a precise rationale for the conduct of these studies. Further, clinical trials to date have generally used extremely heterogeneous patient populations and, in many cases, small numbers of patients, generally without controls. Although low calcemic VDDs have been used and combined with agents that can increase the leukemia cell killing or differentiation effects in acute leukemias, the sequencing of agents used for combination therapy should to be more clearly delineated. Most importantly, it is recommended that in future clinical trials the rationale for the basis of the enhancing action of drug combinations should be clearly articulated and the effects on anticancer immunity should also be evaluated. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 1500–1512, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An Optimal Medium Supplementation Regimen for Initiation of Hepatocyte Differentiation in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Tomizawa Minoru , Shinozaki Fuminobu , Motoyoshi Yasufumi , Sugiyama Takao , Yamamoto Shigenori , Ishige Naoki 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTHuman induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells are an ideal source for hepatocytes. Glucose and arginine are necessary for cells to survive. Hepatocytes have galactokinase (GALK), which metabolizes galactose for gluconeogenesis, and ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC), which converts ornithine to arginine in the urea cycle. Hepatocyte selection medium (HSM) lacks both glucose and arginine, but contains galactose and ornithine. Although human primary hepatocytes survive in HSM, all the hiPS cells die in 3 days. The aim of this study was to modify HSM so as to initiate hepatocyte differentiation in hiPS cells within 2 days. Hepatocyte differentiation initiating medium (HDI) was prepared by adding oncostatin M (10 ng/ml), hepatocyte functional proliferation inducer (10 nM), 2,2'‐methylenebis (1,3‐cyclohexanedione) (M50054) (100 μg/ml), 1× non‐essential amino acid, 1× sodium pyruvate, nicotinamide (1.2 mg/ml), L‐proline (30 ng/ml), and L‐glutamine (0.3 mg/ml) to HSM. HiPS cells (201B7 cells) were cultured in HDI for 2 days. RNA was isolated, used as template for cDNA, and subjected to real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Alpha‐fetoprotein, γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase, and delta‐like 1 were upregulated. Expression of albumin was not observed. Expression of transcription factors specific to hepatocytes was upregulated. The expression of GALK2, OTC, and CYP3A4 were increased. In conclusion, differentiation of 201B7 cells to hepatoblast‐like cells was initiated in HDI. Limitations were small number of cells were obtained, and the cells with HDI were not mature hepatocytes. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 1479–1489, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A comparative examination of odontogenic gene expression in both toothed and toothless amniotes
Authors: Lainoff Alexis J. , Moustakas‐Verho Jacqueline E. , Hu Diane , Kallonen Aki , Marcucio Ralph S. , Hlusko Leslea J. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTA well‐known tenet of murine tooth development is that BMP4 and FGF8 antagonistically initiate odontogenesis, but whether this tenet is conserved across amniotes is largely unexplored. Moreover, changes in BMP4‐signaling have previously been implicated in evolutionary tooth loss in Aves. Here we demonstrate thatBmp4, Msx1, andMsx2expression is limited proximally in the red‐eared slider turtle (Trachemys scripta) mandible at stages equivalent to those at which odontogenesis is initiated in mice, a similar finding to previously reported results in chicks. To address whether the limited domains in the turtle and the chicken indicate an evolutionary molecular parallelism, or whether the domains simply constitute an ancestral phenotype, we assessed gene expression in a toothed reptile (the American alligator,Alligator mississippiensis) and a toothed non‐placental mammal (the gray short‐tailed opossum,Monodelphis domestica). We demonstrate that theBmp4domain is limited proximally inM. domesticaand that theFgf8domain is limited distally inA. mississippiensisjust preceding odontogenesis. Additionally, we show thatMsx1andMsx2expression patterns in these species differ from those found in mice. Our data suggest that a limitedBmp4domain does not necessarily correlate with edentulism, and reveal that the initiation of odontogenesis in non‐murine amniotes is more complex than previously imagined. Our data also suggest a partially conserved odontogenic program inT. scripta, as indicated by conservedPitx2, Pax9, andBarx1expression patterns and by the presence of aShh‐expressing palatal epithelium, which we hypothesize may represent potential dental rudiments based on the Testudinata fossil record.J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 324B: 255–269, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.