bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenolic content, antioxidant and physico‐chemical properties of Sardinian monofloral honeys
Authors: Petretto Giacomo L. , Cossu Massimo , Alamanni Maria C. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryIn this study, fifty‐one monofloral Sardinian honeys from ten various floral origins were screened for their phenolic content, antioxidant activity, colour and electrical conductivity. The total phenolic amounts have been evaluated by Folin–Ciocalteu method, whereas quantification of several phenolic compounds (phenolic acids and flavonoids) has been carried out by HPLC‐DAD technique. The richest sample in phenolic compounds resulted strawberry tree honey with about 40 mg GAE/100 g, as well FRAP test and DPPH˙ test confirm that antioxidant activity of strawberry tree honey extract exceed both honey extracts and synthetic antioxidants like BHA and BHT. Among the studied phenolic compounds a total of five phenolic acids (ferulic, syringic, trans‐cinnamic, chlorogenic and p‐hydroxycinnamic) and nine flavonoids (catechin, kaempferol, rutin, quercetin, luteolin, apigenin, galangin, pinocembrin and pinobanksin) were identified. Our results show good correlations between total polyphenol amount and antioxidant activity and between colour and electrical conductivity.
Infrared characterisation, monosaccharide profile and antioxidant activity of chemical fractionated polysaccharides from the edible seaweed sugar Kombu (Saccharina latissima)
Authors: Jiménez‐Escrig Antonio , Gómez‐Ordóñez Eva , Rupérez Pilar 
Published: September 2014

SummaryThe central goal of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activities related to the nondigestible polysaccharides present in the brown alga Saccharina latissima. For this purpose, a chemical fractionation procedure based on the different solubilities of polysaccharides was achieved. FTIR spectra of freeze‐dried polysaccharide fractions were recorded to confirm the presence of sulphate. A significant correlation was found between sulphate content in the different fractions tested and antioxidant activities, either by reduction power (RP) or radical scavenging assay (RSA) (RP, P < 0.0001; and RSA‐ABTS P < 0.0001). The acidic fraction, with the highest sulphate content among soluble fractions and presumably containing sulphated fucans, showed the highest antioxidant activity either for reducing power or scavenging assays. Consistently, it is reported that the acid‐soluble fraction containing fucans shows higher antioxidant activity than those containing alginate and laminaran in Turbinaria conoides seaweed.
Changes on free amino acids during the alcoholic fermentation of strawberry and persimmon
Authors: Callejón Raquel M. , Ubeda Cristina , Hidalgo Claudio , Mas Albert , Troncoso Ana M. , Morales M. Lourdes 
Published: September 2014

SummaryChanges in amino acids and ammonium were monitored during the alcoholic fermentation of strawberry and persimmon purees. Fermentations were carried out either by autochthonous or by commercial yeasts. The amino acid content in strawberry and persimmon was lower than that of grapes but enough to successfully perform the alcoholic fermentation, showing a different consumption pattern. Arginine, although is not present in the most strawberry substrates, appears in strawberry wines (2.75–3.36 mg L−1). Additionally, as opposed to grape wine, an exceptional high consumption of proline was observed during the alcoholic fermentation of strawberry purees. The consumption of amino acids was highly influenced by the substrate and the S. cerevisiae strain used for the fermentation process. These results were confirmed by principal component analysis, which was able to group the samples based on substrate, harvest or yeast strain, considering the amino acids as variables.
The effect of recombinant and plasma‐derived prothrombin on prothrombin time in human plasma
Authors: Hansson K. M. , Björkqvist J. , Deinum J. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryIntroductionWhen investigating coagulation assays to measure the effect of infused prothrombin (FII) in in vivo coagulopathy models, we found that addition of FII, plasma‐derived human FII (pd‐hFII) or recombinant human FII (r‐hFII), to normal plasma resulted in a concentration‐dependent increase in prothrombin time (PT) initiated with Innovin®.MethodsThe effect on PT by addition to plasma of either pd‐hFII or r‐hFII, using different commercial PT reagents, was studied both by turbidimetry and viscometry.ResultAddition of FII to plasma resulted in increased PT when initiated with Innovin®: PT increased with 20% by doubling the concentration. The prolongation of PT became more pronounced with 2–6000 times diluted Innovin®. However, by adjustment of the final free Ca2+ concentration in the assay with diluted Innovin® from 8.3 to 1.3 mmol/L, no FII‐dependent increase in PT was found. In contrast, no prolongation of PT was found with other commercial PT reagents. A KM= 3 nmol/L was obtained with pd‐hFII, respectively, r‐hFII with FII‐depleted plasma using Thromborel® to initiate PT.ConclusionAt normal plasma concentration of FII, addition of FII should not have an effect on PT. The prolonged PT with Innovin®, but not with other PT reagents, at supranormal FII concentration is an artefact.
A randomized controlled trial of the effectiveness of an educational intervention on outcomes of parents and their children undergoing inpatient elective surgery: study protocol
Authors: He Hong‐Gu , Zhu Lixia , Chan Wai‐Chi Sally , Xiao Chunxiang , Klainin‐Yobas Piyanee , Wang Wenru , Cheng Kin Fong Karis , Luo Nan 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAimTo report a study protocol that tests the effectiveness of an educational intervention on outcomes of parents and their children who undergo inpatient elective surgery.BackgroundInadequate children's postoperative pain management remains a global problem. Parents are required to be involved in their child's pain assessment and management, yet they often lack relevant knowledge and skills. Education is an effective strategy for enhancing a person's knowledge, attitudes and behaviour. However, few studies have examined its effectiveness in parents and their children undergoing inpatient elective surgery.DesignRandomized controlled trial and embedded qualitative process evaluation.MethodsOne hundred and sixty‐two pairs of participants (each comprised of one parent and his/her child undergoing inpatient elective surgery) will be recruited (protocol approved in January 2013). Participants will be randomized to either a Control group (routine care), an Intervention group 1 (routine care and an educational intervention with face‐to‐face teaching), or an Intervention group 2 (routine care and an educational intervention without face‐to‐face teaching). Outcome measures will include parents' knowledge, attitude and behaviour related to postoperative pain management; their child's postoperative pain; and parents' satisfaction with their child's pain management at baseline and around 6, 12 and 24 hours after the operation.DiscussionA standardized educational intervention protocol and detailed study procedure have been developed in this study to improve parents' knowledge, attitude and behaviour related to postoperative pain management and reduce their child's postoperative pain.
Can Management Turnover Restore the Financial Statement Credibility of Restating Firms? Further Evidence
Authors: Dao Mai , Huang Hua‐Wei , Chen Ken Y. , Huang Ting‐Chiao 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis paper investigates the association between management turnover following financial restatements and the probability of subsequent restatements. We find that restating firms that replace management (CEO and/or CFO) are more likely to restate their financial statements again. We also find that subsequent restatements are mainly attributable to the new management. Overall, our results suggest that management turnover following restatements may not be an effective mechanism to remediate financial restatements, but the change to a new management results in a greater possibility of lower earnings quality (i.e., higher probability of subsequent financial restatements and accruals‐based earnings management). Our study supports prior literature's findings that the change in the top management leads to organizational instability and higher accounting information risk. Our findings have implications for internal decisionmaking with regard to top executive replacement.
KITLG is a novel target of miR‐34c that is associated with the inhibition of growth and invasion in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Yang Shu , Li Wen‐shuai , Dong Fang , Sun Hai‐mei , Wu Bo , Tan Jun , Zou Wan‐jing , Zhou De‐shan 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMiR‐34c is considered a potent tumour suppressor because of its negative regulation of multiple target mRNAs that are critically associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis. In the present study, we demonstrated a novel target of miR‐34c, KITLG, which has been implicated in colorectal cancer (CRC). First, we found a significant negative relationship between miR‐34c and KITLG mRNA expression levels in CRC cell lines, including HT‐29, HCT‐116, SW480 and SW620 CRC cell lines. In silico analysis predicted putative binding sites for miR‐34c in the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of KITLG mRNA. A dual‐luciferase reporter assay further confirmed that KITLG is a direct target of miR‐34c. Then, the cell lines were infected with lentiviruses expressing miR‐34c or a miR‐34c specific inhibitor. Restoration of miR‐34c dramatically reduced the expression of KITLG mRNA and protein, while silencing of endogenous miR‐34c increased the expression of KITLG protein. The miR‐34c‐mediated down‐regulation of KITLG was associated with the suppression on proliferation, cellular transformation, migration and invasion of CRC cells, as well as the promotion on apoptosis. Knockdown of KITLG by its specific siRNA confirmed a critical role of KITLG down‐regulation for the tumour‐suppressive effects of miR‐34c in CRC cells. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that miR‐34c might interfere with KITLG‐related CRC and could be a novel molecular target for CRC patients.
Cardiovascular autonomic function analysis using approximate entropy from 24‐h heart rate variability and its frequency components in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Li Xia , Yu Shuo , Chen Hui , Lu Cheng , Zhang Kuan , Li Fangjie 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe principal aim of the present study was to investigate the cardiovascular autonomic system status of diabetes patients using approximate entropy (ApEn) extracted from 24‐h heart rate variability (HRV) and its frequency components.Materials and MethodsA total of 29 healthy controls and 63 type 2 diabetes patients were included. Participants’ 24‐h HRV signals were recorded, and decomposed and reconstructed into four frequency components: high, low, very low and ultra low. The total 24‐h HRV and its four components were divided into 24 1‐h segments. ApEn values were extracted and statistically analyzed. Four traditional HRV indices, namely standard deviation of the RR intervals, root mean square of successive differences, coefficient of variance of RR intervals and ratio of low to high power of HRV, were also calculated.ResultsThe low‐frequency component contained the most abundant non‐linear information, so was potentially most suitable for studying the cardiovascular system status with non‐linear methods. ApEn values extracted from low‐ and high‐frequency components of healthy controls were higher than those of diabetes patients. Except for root mean square of successive differences, standard deviation of the RR intervals, low to high power of HRV and coefficient of variance of RR intervals of healthy controls were all higher than those of diabetes patients.ConclusionsThe results showed that ApEn contained information on disorders of autonomic system function of diabetes patients as traditional HRV indices in time and frequency domains. ApEn and three traditional indices showed accordance to some degree. Non‐linear information in subcomponents of HRV was shown, which is potentially more effective for distinguishing healthy individuals and diabetes patients than that extracted from the total HRV. Compared with diabetes patients, the cardiovascular system of healthy controls showed information of higher complexity, and better regulation function in response to changes of environment.
Antimicrobial Efficiency of Chitosan Solutions and Coatings Incorporated with Clove Oil and/or Ethylenediaminetetraacetate
Authors: He Shoukui , Yang Qiaomu , Ren Xiaoyun , Zi Jiahui , Lu Saisai , Wang Shuqi , Zhang Yunbin , Wang Yifei 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBioactive edible coatings based on chitosan (Ch) were developed by incorporating clove oil (CO) and/or ethylenediaminetetraacetate (E), with the aim of promoting the microbial quality of meat. The antimicrobial mode of Ch‐based coatings was also explored in terms of membrane permeability. Results showed that the addition of CO and/or E provoked a significant (P < 0.05) increase in diameter of inhibition zones. In the growth inhibition assay, Ch + CO + E solution exhibited the highest inhibition rates of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus (99.17 and 96.42%, respectively). A pork slice coating test showed that CO and/or E incorporated coatings could moderate the growth of total microbes and maintain acceptable sensory characteristics of pork in 7 days of storage at 4C. The coatings of Ch, Ch + CO and Ch + CO + E improved both lightness and red color stability of pork. Furthermore, four kinds of coating solutions induced the release of intracellular components, indicating the damage of cell membranes. This study suggests the potential utilization of Ch + CO and Ch + CO + E coatings for antimicrobial purposes in refrigerated pork.Practical ApplicationsIncreasing demands for food quality and safety have boosted the development of bioactive edible coatings and films to maintain quality attributes of food products in recent years. Edible coatings based on polysaccharides have shown great promise. Microbial growth on the food surface is a principal cause of food spoilage. Hence, the antimicrobial efficiency of edible coatings is of prime importance. In this study, clove oil (CO) and ethylenediaminetetraacetate (E) were incorporated into chitosan (Ch) coating to improve its antimicrobial activity. Results from in vitro and in vivo tests demonstrated that Ch + CO and Ch + CO + E coatings could be utilized as active packaging materials for refrigerated pork.
Angiogenesis‐related prognosis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma—role of the VEGF +936 C/T polymorphism
Authors: Kämmerer Peer W. , Al‐Nawas Bilal , Kalkan Sasa , Liese Jan , Fruth Kai , Frerich Bernhard , Brieger Jürgen 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundThe aim of the study was the immunohistological assessment of VEGF‐single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)‐related angiogenic activity in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in correlation with prognosis.MethodsFifty OSCC samples were immunostained with CD31‐antibodies. Mean microvessel density (MVD) and staining intensity were determined and associated with clinicopathological/prognostic features as well as with the VEGF +936C/T SNP.ResultsA significant higher MVD could be seen for T3 and T4 compared with T1 and T2, N > 0 vs. N0 as well as G3–G4 vs. G1–G2 OSCCs (all: P < 0.05). A higher MVD was also associated with increased and earlier rates of local relapses, more metastases, and a significant decreased overall as well as disease‐free survival (all: P < 0.05). When comparing T1 and T2 samples with +936‐T‐allele with T 1&2 samples without this allele, staining intensity was significantly increased (P = 0.002).ConclusionsAngiogenesis influences local as well as distant growth of OSCCs with a significant correlation between prognostic parameters. The correlation between VEGF +936‐T‐allele and increased CD31 immunostain needs further confirmation.
Involvement of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP‐3 and MMP‐9) in the pathogenesis of irinotecan‐induced oral mucositis
Authors: Al‐Azri Abdul R. , Gibson Rachel J. , Bowen Joanne M. , Stringer Andrea M. , Keefe Dorothy M. , Logan Richard M. 
Published: September 2014

ObjectivesMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in both maintenance of healthy mucosa and mediation of several pathologies. Recently, MMPs and their inhibitors have attracted attention as potential mediators of mucositis. We investigated tissue expression of MMP‐3 and MMP‐9 over time in a pre‐clinical model of irinotecan‐induced oral mucositis (OM).Materials and methodsEighty‐one female Dark Agouti rats received either a single dose of irinotecan (200 mg/kg) or vehicle control. Rats were killed at different time points over a 72‐h period and tongue mucosa examined histologically. Tissue expression of MMP‐3 and MMP‐9 was characterized by standard qualitative immunohistochemistry.Results and discussionEpithelial thickness was reduced without any ulceration in the oral mucosa early after chemotherapy. Epithelial atrophy was associated with significant (P < 0.05) upregulation of MMP‐3 and MMP‐9 in all layers of the oral epithelium. The increase of MMP‐3 was also significant (P < 0.05) in lamina propria and submucosa. Most of changes in expression occurred early (1–6 h), coinciding with previously described upregulation of transcription factors and pro‐inflammatory cytokines in OM. Tissue expression of MMP‐3 and MMP‐9 followed different patterns of change over time, suggesting involvement in various aspects of OM pathophysiology.ConclusionsThese findings suggest vital roles played by MMP‐3 and MMP‐9 during OM pathophysiology. Further research is required to investigate the role of other MMPs and the naturally existing tissue inhibitors of MMPs. Research should also be directed to investigate beneficial effects of MMPs intervention therapies to prevent or reduce the severity of OM.
Chemical composition, antioxidant and antinociceptive properties of Litchi chinensis leaves
Authors: Castellain Rosana C L , Gesser Marluci , Tonini Fernanda , Schulte Rafael V , Demessiano Kely Z , Wolff Fellippe R , Delle-Monache Franco , Netz Daisy J A , Cechinel-Filho Valdir , de Freitas Rilton Alves , de Souza Márcia M , Meyre-Silva Christiane 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Objectives
Litchi chinensis has been traditionally used in folk medicine to treat several ailments. In this study, we investigated the chemical composition, antioxidant and antinociceptive activity of L. chinensis leaves.

Methods
The antioxidant capacity of the extract, fraction and compounds was evaluated using the 1,1-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays, and the liposome model with peroxyl radicals generated by 2,2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride radical. The pharmacological models of acute nociception used in mice were: writhing test with acetic acid (AA), hotplate (HP), glutamate (GLU), capsaicin (CP) and formalin (FM) tests.

Key findings
The main compounds isolated were procyanidin A2 (PA2), procyanidin B2 (PB2) and (–)-epicatechin. The biochemical features of the crude extracts and their ethyl acetate fraction (EtOAcFR) presented high antioxidant activity, and the antioxidant activity of PA2 and PB2 was remarkably high, with DPPH and ABTS. The crude methanol extract (MeOHEXTR), EtOAcFR and PB2 were effective in reducing nociception in FM and HP models. MeOHEXTR and EtOAcFR treatments also reduced pain induced by GLU and AA. In the CP model, only EtOAcFR and PB2 were effective.

Conclusions
The results demonstrate the antinociceptive and antioxidant of MeOHEXTR, EtOAcFR and PB2.
Anxiety and compulsion patterns in the maintenance of bingeing/purging behaviours by individuals with bulimia nervosa
Authors: Thomas M. , Lovell A. 
Published: September 2014

Accessible summary
Bulimia nervosa, if not treated or if treated unsuccessfully, can develop into a severe and enduring eating disorder.
Analysis of self‐management of Seed‐BN indicates that individuals frequently experience significant negative mental health issues and a complex relationship with medication management.
Two discrete patterns of coping strategies to prevent deterioration in distressing symptoms were in evidence, controlled vomiting, which was related to the management of anxiety, and uncontrolled vomiting due to more dominant self‐management of compulsive acts.
The implications for nursing revolve around accurate assessment of vomiting and subsequent engagement by the individual with their coping strategies in relation to perceived deterioration in distressing symptoms.
AbstractThis paper reports on the results of a study into the self‐reported coping strategies employed by a small sample (n = 12) of individuals diagnosed with bulimia nervosa purging sub‐type, severe and enduring eating disorder (Seed‐BN), referred to an outpatient clinic for psychotherapy. Data collection focused on the vomiting activities of participants through analysis of their self‐management from diary extracts, which recorded vomiting patterns. Participants all experienced significant mental health issues, had complex histories of BN over a prolonged period, difficulties maintaining relationships, and many had an additional history of substance misuse including dependence on prescription drugs. The study findings indicated two different self‐management strategies, anxiety containment and compulsion maintenance. There was a clear association between anxiety and controlled weekly vomiting patterns compared with compulsion and daily vomiting patterns. The implications for nursing practice relate to the potential for assessment of differences in vomiting patterns to indicate self‐management status and subsequent interventions focusing on either anxiety or compulsive patterns.
Policy Development and Implementation for Disability Services in Rural New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Dew Angela , Gallego Gisselle , Bulkeley Kim , Veitch Craig , Brentnall Jennie , Lincoln Michelle , Bundy Anita , Griffiths Scott 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThroughout their lives, all people, including those who have a disability, use a broad range of community services. Community services are important in assisting people with a range of impairments to participate in their communities. Vast geographic distances and a lack of therapists in rural and remote regions of Australia pose significant barriers for implementing policy aimed at supporting people with a disability. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which metropolitan‐formulated policy encompassed the unique geographic, demographic, and sociocultural challenges experienced by rural therapists and people with a disability in New South Wales (NSW). Twenty‐seven policy documents were reviewed and categorized into tier 1 (higher level strategic policies) and tier 2 (specific operational policies). Tier 1 policy documents provided consistent messages about the need to develop strategies and service delivery options to address geographic, cultural, and age‐related barriers facing all people in NSW including those who have a disability. Tier 2 documents revealed a lack of attention to the practical differences between implementing the policy principles in metropolitan compared with rural areas. Study findings identify that the implementation of metropolitan‐formulated policy does not always encompass the unique challenges experienced by therapists providing services to rural people with a disability and their carers. This study highlights the importance of “rural proofing” policy to consider people who live and work in rural areas.