bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stabilization of state‐constrained switched nonlinear systems in p‐normal form
Authors: Su Qingyu , Long Lijun , Zhao Jun 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYThis paper is concerned with the stabilization problem for a class of state‐constrained switched nonlinear system in p‐normal form in a domain. A key point in the backstepping design procedure is to find a common stabilizing function at each step. A barrier Lyapunov function, which grows to infinity when its arguments approach some limits, is introduced to ensure that the state constraint is not violated at any time. Bounded state feedback controllers of individual subsystems and a common Lyapunov function are explicitly constructed to asymptotically stabilize the closed‐loop system under arbitrary switchings. An example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stabilization of fuzzy systems with quantization and packet dropout
Authors: Yan Jingjing , Xia Yuanqing , Li Li 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYThe discrete‐time and continuous‐time fuzzy systems with quantization and packet dropout are considered in this paper. The quantizer used here is a uniform one with arbitrary quantization regions, and the packet dropout process is modeled as a time‐homogenous Markov process. Because of the properties of packet dropout process, the fuzzy systems considered here are seen as Markov jump fuzzy systems, and the theories of Markov jump system are used to discuss the mean square stability of the closed‐loop systems. On the basis of the zoom strategy and Lyapunov theory, for the given failure rate and recovery rate, sufficient conditions are given for the closed‐loop fuzzy systems to be mean square stable, and the feedback controllers are designed to ensure the stability of fuzzy systems. A single link direct joint driven manipulator model is presented to show the effectiveness of the main results. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung stählerner Tragkonstruktionen Erneuerbarer Energien
Authors: Stranghöner Natalie , Berg Jörn , Gorbachov Anna , Schaumann Peter , Bechtel Anne , Eichstädt Rasmus , Wagner Hermann‐Josef , Baack Christoph , Lohmann Jessica 
Published: January 2013

AbstractDer Ausbau Erneuerbarer Energien in Deutschland ist politisch verankert. Insbesondere unter dem Aspekt der Nachhaltigkeit spielen die zugehörigen baulichen Anlagen eine wichtige Rolle. Bewertungssysteme zur Nachhaltigkeitsquantifizierung von baulichen Anlagen existieren zwar auf dem Gebäudesektor, jedoch nicht ausreichend für die Anwendung bei Ingenieurbauwerken. Im Zuge einer nachhaltigen Energieversorgung liegt es nahe, Nachhaltigkeitsaspekte bereits während der Planung und Ausführung von Anlagen zur Gewinnung Erneuerbarer Energien zu berücksichtigen. Der Beitrag behandelt die Entwicklung einer Methodik zur Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung von tragenden Stahlkonstruktionen Erneuerbarer Energien. Die Anwendung der Methodik erfolgt exemplarisch im Rahmen einer ökologischen Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung am Beispiel eines Baustahlfermenters einer Biogasanlage. Die entwickelte Methodik erlaubt einen Vergleich unterschiedlicher Bauweisen und Ausführungsvarianten in Bezug auf nachhaltigkeitsbezogene Gesichtspunkte und dient als Entscheidungshilfe unter Berücksichtigung von Anforderungen an eine nachhaltige Bauweise.Sustainability assessment for load carrying steel constructions of renewables – Development of methods and application examples. The upcoming installation of renewables in Germany is already politically established. Especially under consideration of sustainability aspects, the structural systems of renewables are very important. Rating systems for sustainability exist only for buldings but not sufficient for application in structural engineering. For a sustainable energy supply sustainability aspects should be considered during design and execution of structures of renewables. This article addresses the development of methods for sustainability assessment of load carrying steel structures of renewables. The described method is applied exemplary for the environmental sustainabilty assessment of a steel digester of a biogas power plant. With the help of the sustainability rating system, different construction methods can be compared under consideration of sustainability aspects. Furthermore, the method can be utilized as a help for a decision in order to fulfill sustainability requirements.
Tragverhalten von Groutverbindungen bei Monopilegründungen von Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen
Authors: Voßbeck Marc , Kelm Martin , Löhning Thomas 
Published: January 2013

AbstractGroutverbindungen stellen ein zentrales Element von Offshore‐Monopilegründungen dar. Die sichere Vermeidung von Schäden in der Betriebsphase ist über die Gefahrenabwehr hinaus auch von großem wirtschaftlichem Interesse. In diesem Beitrag wird auf wesentliche Aspekte des Lastabtrags eingegangen, deren numerische Analyse Entscheidungshilfen bei Entwurf und Auslegung entsprechender Konstruktionen liefern kann. Dabei wird auf Erfahrungen aus der Ausführungsplanung mehrerer in der Realisierungsphase befindlicher Projekte zurückgegriffen. Bei Konstruktionsformen ohne Schubrippen erfolgt die Momentenübertragung zwischen Transition Piece und Monopile über eine großräumige Schalentragwirkung, die mit vergleichsweise großen Relativverdrehungen der beteiligten Rohre einhergeht. Dabei treten jedoch kleinräumige Spannungskonzentrationen auf, die sich erst durch eine detaillierte Modellierung genauer erfassen lassen. Die unter gleichzeitiger Vertikal‐ und Biegebeanspruchung auch im Modell anzutreffenden Setzungen können durch die Ausbildung einer konischen Geometrie begrenzt werden. Bei der Einbeziehung von Schubrippen treten als Folge der Interaktion globaler und lokaler Effekte erhöhte Belastungen an den äußeren Schubrippen auf.Structural behaviour of grouted connections for monopile foundations of offshore wind turbines. Grouted connections are a central element of offshore monopile foundations. Reliable avoidance of damages during the operation stage is not only important for the prevention of hazards but also of strong economic interest. This article discusses the primary load bearing mechanisms. The numerical analysis of these mechanisms can provide decision guidance for the design and dimensioning of respective structures. This article draws on the experience with the detailed designs of several projects in the realisation phase. Connections without shear keys apply large‐scale shell actions for the transfer of the bending moment between the transition piece and monopile. This goes along with comparatively large relative rotation between the two involved tubes. Only a very detailed model detects distinctive stress concentrations. The settlement observed under coexisting vertical force and bending moment can be limited by a conical geometry of the connection. By introducing shear keys, increased loads are observed for the outward positions due to the interaction of global and local effects.
An optimal path planning strategy for multiple target search by a mobile robot
Authors: Botao Zhang , Shirong Liu , Qiang Lu , Deguo Dong 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAlthough there is an obvious relationship between the Chinese Postman Problem (CPP) and the path‐planning problem for multiple target‐search tasks by a robot, no attempts have been made so far to connect the two. A novel map transformation framework (MTF) is proposed in this paper. With MTF, a feature map or a topological map can be converted into a standard topological map on which many graph‐search algorithms suitable for CPP can be employed to carry out path planning for multiple target search. Theoretical analysis proves that the route generated by this approach is optimal. Both simulation results and experiments indicate that the MTF‐based algorithm is better than several other target‐search algorithms. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Meet the Parents? Family Size and the Geographic Proximity Between Adult Children and Older Mothers in Sweden
Authors: Holmlund Helena , Rainer Helmut , Siedler Thomas 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The aim of this study is to estimate the causal effect of family size on the proximity between older mothers and adult children by using a large administrative data set from Sweden. Our main results show that adult children in Sweden are not constrained by sibship size in choosing where to live: for families with more than one child, sibship size does not affect child-mother proximity. For aging parents, however, having fewer children reduces the probability of having at least one child living nearby, which is likely to have consequences for the intensity of intergenerational contact and eldercare.
Factors associated with premenstrual syndrome — A survey of new female university students
Authors: Cheng Shu‐Hui , Shih Chi‐Chen , Yang Yen‐Kuang , Chen Kow‐Tong , Chang Yun‐Hsuan , Yang Yi‐Ching 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPremenstrual syndrome (PMS) can impact an individual's interpersonal relationships, social interactions, productivity, lifestyle, school performance and emotional well‐being. This study was designed to explore the factors associated with PMS in new female university students in Taiwan. The test battery included a self‐administered structured questionnaire, the five‐item brief symptoms rating scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Chinese Premenstrual Symptom Questionnaire. Additionally, details of the participants' lifestyles and family and personal histories of physical illness were recorded. Serum lipids were also measured. Of all the participants (N = 1699), 39.85% were defined as having PMS. Using logistical regression analysis, we found a positive relationship between PMS and consuming more foods containing egg yolk, greater alcohol intake, poorer sleep quality, higher likelihood of psychiatric morbidity, family history of dyslipidemia, and a higher serum cholesterol level. The results show that PMS is prevalent among new female university students and that lifestyle and nutritional/metabolic factors may play a role in this disorder.
Plasma B‐type natriuretic peptide in predicting outcomes of elective coronary artery bypass surgery
Authors: Chen Thay‐Hsiung , Lin Ching‐Ling , Shih Joseph Jaey‐Ming , Shih James Yao‐Ming , Chen Chung‐Huo , Chang Mei‐Ling , Chin Chih‐Hui 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe risks of surgery and its clinical outcome are of great importance for both patients and physicians when choosing coronary artery bypass (CABG) surgery for coronary artery disease. The purpose of the current study was to clarify the relationship between serum B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and patient clinical outcome. Seventy‐six eligible patients who underwent CABG were enrolled into the prospective study. Venous blood samples were drawn for serum BNP and N‐terminal (NT)‐proBNP levels measurement on preoperative Day 1, postoperative Day 1, and postoperative Day 7. Clinical end points were: (1) intensive care unit (ICU) stay longer than 4 days postoperatively and/or hospital stay longer than 13 days postoperatively; (2) major complications and poor outcomes. Patients who had prolonged ICU stay and hospitalization had significantly higher postoperative Day 1 BNP and postoperative Day 1 NT‐proBNP level (p = 0.02 and 0.005, respectively). Age was significantly older in patients with prolonged ICU stay and hospitalization than those without prolonged ICU stay and hospitalization (p = 0.03). Serum creatinine level was also significantly increased in patients with prolonged ICU stay and hospitalization (p = 0.009). However, age was the only remaining factor that correlated with prolonged ICU stay and hospitalization in the multivariate logistic regression model. These results suggest that research using BNP and NT‐proBNP for predicting ICU stay and hospitalization in patients who have undergone CABG must adjust risk factors to present a more appropriate estimation of its clinical outcome.
Absolute linear instability in laminar and turbulent gas–liquid two-layer channel flow
Authors: Ó Náraigh Lennon , Spelt Peter D. M. , Shaw Stephen J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe study two-phase stratified flow where the bottom layer is a thin laminar liquid and the upper layer is a fully developed gas flow. The gas flow can be laminar or turbulent. To determine the boundary between convective and absolute instability, we use Orr–Sommerfeld stability theory, and a combination of linear modal analysis and ray analysis. For turbulent gas flow, and for the density ratio$r= 1000$, we find large regions of parameter space that produce absolute instability. These parameter regimes involve viscosity ratios of direct relevance to oil and gas flows. If, instead, the gas layer is laminar, absolute instability persists for the density ratio$r= 1000$, although the convective/absolute stability boundary occurs at a viscosity ratio that is an order of magnitude smaller than in the turbulent case. Two further unstable temporal modes exist in both the laminar and the turbulent cases, one of which can exclude absolute instability. We compare our results with an experimentally determined flow-regime map, and discuss the potential application of the present method to nonlinear analyses.
REVEALING DROUGHT-RESISTANCE AND PRODUCTIVE PATTERNS IN SUGARCANE GENOTYPES BY EVALUATING BOTH PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES AND STALK YIELD
Authors: RIBEIRO R. V. , MACHADO R. S. , MACHADO E. C. , MACHADO D. F. S. P. , MAGALHÃES FILHO J. R. , LANDELL M. G. A. 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYThis study was conducted to investigate the physiological response of sugarcane genotypes to drought and its consequence for stalk yield. Sugarcane genotypes IACSP94-2094, IACSP96-2042 and SP87-365 were subjected to water deficit during the initial growth phase by withholding water. Resistance and sensitivity patterns were defined by the impact of drought on the stalk yield and content of soluble solids in the stalk juice. IACSP94-2094 and SP87-365 were considered drought-resistant genotypes, as the stalk dry matter production and yield of soluble solids were not reduced by the water deficit. Although drought caused reductions in leaf gas exchange in all the genotypes, IACSP96-2042 was most affected when considering the cumulative reduction in photosynthesis throughout the experimental period. This photosynthetic impairment of IACSP96-2042 was related to both non-stomatal and stomatal limitations, whereas photosynthesis in SP87-365 and IACSP94-2094 were only stomatally limited under drought. In general, a reduced photosynthetic sensitivity to water deficit was an important physiological trait for dry matter production in sugarcane plants, and the concentrations of soluble carbohydrates, sucrose, starch and proline in the leaves did not reveal consistent differences between the patterns of resistance and sensitivity. Even though IACSP96-2042 was severely affected by water shortage, this genotype presented a similar stalk yield under drought and the highest stalk yield under well-watered conditions when compared to the other genotypes. This response to variable water conditions is interesting for regions with seasonal drought, whereas the pattern of drought resistance is more appropriate for regions in which drought occurs for long periods during the crop season. Our findings are also discussed from the point of view that increases in sugarcane yield and sustainable agriculture may be reached by choosing the best genotype for each specific environmental condition.
Volcanism from fissure zones and the Caldeira central volcano of Faial Island, Azores archipelago: geochemical processes in multiple feeding systems
Authors: ZANON VITTORIO , KUEPPERS ULRICH , PACHECO JOSÉ MANUEL , CRUZ INÊS 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMagmas in Faial Island, Azores (Portugal), were mostly erupted from two fissure zones and the Caldeira central volcano during overlapping periods. The fissure zones follow extensional trends oriented WNW and ESE and erupted nepheline- to hypersthene-normative basalts and hawaiites. The Caldeira central volcano builds the central part of the island, which is cut by the fissure zones. Ne-normative basalts show similar high-field-strength element (HFSE) concentrations but higher large ion lithophile element (LILE) concentrations than hy-normative equivalents. Primitive melts were generated by small (3–5%) degrees of partial melting of garnet-bearing peridotite, variably enriched in incompatible elements. Overall, basalts from Faial show relatively higher LILE abundances and LILE/HFSE ratios than those of the other islands of the Azores and of many other volcanoes in the Atlantic area. This feature indicates the existence of chemical heterogeneities in the mantle sources characterized by variable degrees of metasomatism, both at local and regional scales. Hawaiites evolved from basalts through 30–40% fractional crystallization of mafic phases plus some plagioclase, in deep reservoirs, at about 430–425 MPa (~ 15 km). The Caldeira central volcano rocks range from basalts to trachytes. Basalts, produced under similar conditions as fissure basalts, evolved to trachytes through large degrees of polybaric fractional crystallization (100–760 MPa; i.e. ~ 3.6–26 km), involving olivine, clinopyroxene, feldspar and minor quantities of amphibole, biotite, apatite and oxides. In contrast, mafic magmas from the fissure zones were erupted directly onto the surface from magma reservoirs mainly located at the crust–mantle boundary.
The association between multiple intestinal helminth infections and blood group, anaemia and nutritional status in human populations from Dore Bafeno, southern Ethiopia
Authors: Degarege A. , Animut A. , Medhin G. , Legesse M. , Erko B. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn this cross-sectional study, the associations between helminth infections and ABO blood group, anaemia and undernutrition were investigated in 480 febrile outpatients who visited Dore Bafeno Health Centre, southern Ethiopia, in December 2010. Stool specimens were processed using the Kato–Katz method and examined for intestinal helminth infections. Haemoglobin level was measured using a HemoCue machine and blood group was determined using an antisera haemagglutination test. Nutritional status of the study participants was assessed using height and weight measurements. Among the study participants, 50.2% were infected with intestinal helminths.Ascaris lumbricoides(32.7%),Trichuris trichiura(12.7%),Schistosoma mansoni(11.9%) and hookworm (11.0%) were the most frequently diagnosed helminths. The odds of infection and mean eggs per gram of different intestinal helminth species were comparable between the various blood groups. Among individuals who were infected with intestinal helminth(s), the mean haemoglobin level was significantly lower in individuals harbouring three or more helminth species and blood type AB compared to cases with double or single helminth infection and blood type O, respectively. The odds of being underweight was significantly higher inA. lumbricoidesandT. trichiurainfected individuals of age ≤ 5 and ≥ 20 years, respectively, when compared to individuals of the matching age group without intestinal helminths. In conclusion, infection with multiple intestinal helminths was associated with lower haemoglobin level, which was more severe in individuals with blood type AB. Future studies should focus on mechanisms by which blood group AB exacerbates the helminth-related reduction in mean haemoglobin level.
International politics after secularism
Authors: HURD ELIZABETH SHAKMAN 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAt the height of the influence of the secularisation thesis religion was understood to be absent from affairs of state and the law, including international politics and international law. As the critique of secularisation gained momentum this master narrative fell apart, and a new consensus began to take shape. The notion that religion had been ignored and should be ‘brought back in’ to International Relations took centre stage among many academics and practitioners. The assumption is that restoring religion in the right way will help address the problems associated with having ignored religion in IR, paving the way for the marginalisation of violent religion and globalisation of religious freedom. This article undertakes a critical analysis of this restorative narrative and the religious and political world it is creating. It then proposes a different approach to the intersection of religion and world politics after secularism. This approach draws attention to the authority of transnational actors such as the United States, United Nations, and European Union to shape the public administration of religious affairs globally. Channels through which this is accomplished include the promotion of religious freedom, humanitarian intervention, foreign aid, nation building and democratisation, counterterrorism and peace-building efforts, and the pronouncements of supra-national courts.
The secularism of post-secularity: religion, realism, and the revival of grand theory in IR
Authors: PABST ADRIAN 
Published: January 2013

AbstractHow to theorise religion in International Relations (IR)? Does the concept of post-secularity advance the debate on religion beyond the ‘return of religion’ and the crisis of secular reason? This article argues that the post-secular remains trapped in the logic of secularism. First, a new account is provided of the ‘secularist bias’ that characterises mainstream IR theory: (a) defining religion in either essentialist or epiphenomenal terms; (b) positing a series of ‘antagonistic binary opposites’ such as the secularversusthe religious; and (c) de-sacralising and re-sacralising the public square. The article then analyses post-secularity, showing that it subordinates faith under secular reason and sacralises the ‘other’ by elevating difference into the sole transcendental term. Theorists of the post-secular such as Jürgen Habermas or William Connolly also equate secular modernity with metaphysical universalism, which they seek to replace with post-metaphysical pluralism. In contrast, the alternative that this article outlines is an international theory that develops the Christian realism of the English School in the direction of a metaphysical-political realism. Such a realism binds together reason with faith and envisions a ‘corporate’ association of peoples and nations beyond the secularist settlement of Westphalia that is centred on national states and transnational markets. By linking immanent values to transcendent principles, this approach can rethink religion in international affairs and help revive grand theory in IR.