bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological and molecular characterization of Eimeria magna infecting local rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in Alkarg City, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Murshed Mutee , Mares Mohammed , Aljawdah Hossam M. A. , Mohammed Osama B. , Al‐Quraishy Saleh 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCoccidiosis is one of the most prevalent diseases found in local rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), which is caused by the Eimeria. The study aimed to more reliably identify Eimeria species (Eimeria magna) infecting Local Rabbits in Alkarg City, Saudi Arabia, based the method on the molecular properties and morphological and molecular biological techniques. Sub‐spheroidal oocysts measuring 21–27 × 12–16 (24 × 14.4) μm (20 n) and with a length/width (L/W) ratio of 0.9–1.1 (1.0) were identified by microscopic analysis of a fecal sample. Oocysts feature a bi‐layered wall that is 1.0–1.2 (1.1) μm thick. About two‐thirds of the wall's thickness is made up of a smooth outer layer. A polar granule is present, but neither a micropyle nor an oocyst residuum is present. The ovoidal sporozoites measure 15–18 × 8–11 (16.5 × 9.5) μm, have an L/W ratio of 1.6–1.8 (1.7), and take up around 21% of the oocyst's total surface. The mean size of the sub‐Stieda body is 1.4 × 2.3 μm, while the average size of the Stieda body is 0.9 × 1.8 μm. The para‐Stieda body is lacking. Sporocyst residuum appears membrane‐bound and has an uneven form made up of several granules. With two refractile bodies below the striations and pronounced striations at the more pointed end, sporozoites are vermiform, measuring an average of 11.6 × 4.0 μm. The results of the sequencing for the 18S rDNA gene confirmed the species of Eimeria parasites found in the host (rabbits). The current parasite species is closely related to the previously described and deposited E. magna and deeply embedded in the genus Eimeria (family Eimeriidae). According to the findings, single oocyst molecular identification of Eimeria may be accomplished through consistent use of the morphological and molecular results. It is possible to draw the conclusion that the current research supplies relevant facts that help assess the potential infection and future control measures against rabbit coccidiosis to reduce the financial losses that can be incurred by the rabbit industry in Saudi Arabia.
Sex differences in intestinal morphology and increase in diencephalic neuropeptide Y gene expression in female but not male Pekin ducks exposed to chronic heat stress
Authors: Oluwagbenga E. M. , Bergman M. , Ajuwon K. M. , Fraley G. S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe impact of heat stress (HS) on production is intricately linked with feed intake. We investigated the effects of HS on intestines and diencephalic genes in Pekin ducks. One hundred and sixty adult ducks were allocated to two treatment rooms. The control room was maintained at 22°C and the HS room at 35°C for the first 10 h of the day then reduced to 29.5°C. After 3 weeks, 10 hens and 5 drakes were euthanized from each room and jejunum and ileum collected for histology. Brains were collected for gene expression analysis using qRT‐PCR. Intestinal morphology data were analyzed with two‐way ANOVA and diencephalic gene data were analyzed with Kruskal–Wallis test. There was an increase in villi width in the ileum (p = .0136) and jejunum (p = .0019) of HS hens compared to controls. HS drakes showed a higher crypt depth (CD) in the jejunum (p = .0198) compared to controls. There was an increase in crypt goblet cells (GC) count in the ileum (p = .0169) of HS drakes compared to HS hens. There was higher villi GC count (p = .07) in the jejunum of HS drakes compared to controls. There was an increase in the crypt GC density (p = .0054) in the ileum, not jejunum, of HS drakes compared to HS hens. Further, there were no differences in the proopiomelanocortin gene expression in either sex but there was an increase in the expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY) gene in HS hens (p = .031) only and a decrease in the corticotropin releasing hormone gene in the HS drakes (p = .037) compared to controls. These data show that there are sex differences in the effect of HS on gut morphology while the upregulation in NPY gene may suggest a role in mediating response to chronic HS.
Geographic distance to Commission on Cancer‐accredited and nonaccredited hospitals in the United States
Authors: Schroeder Mary C. , Semprini Jason , Kahl Amanda R. , Lizarraga Ingrid M. , Birken Sarah A. , Wahlen Madison M. , Johnson Erin C. , Gorzelitz Jessica , Seaman Aaron T. , Charlton Mary E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeThe Commission on Cancer (CoC) establishes standards to support multidisciplinary, comprehensive cancer care. CoC‐accredited cancer programs diagnose and/or treat 73% of patients in the United States. However, rural patients may experience diminished access to CoC‐accredited cancer programs. Our study evaluated distance to hospitals by CoC accreditation status, rurality, and Census Division.MethodsAll US hospitals were identified from public‐use Homeland Infrastructure Foundation‐Level Data, then merged with CoC‐accreditation data. Rural‐Urban Continuum Codes (RUCC) were used to categorize counties as metro (RUCC 1‐3), large rural (RUCC 4‐6), or small rural (RUCC 7‐9). Distance from each county centroid to the nearest CoC and non‐CoC hospital was calculated using the Great Circle Distance method in ArcGIS.FindingsOf 1,382 CoC‐accredited hospitals, 89% were in metro counties. Small rural counties contained a total of 30 CoC and 794 non‐CoC hospitals. CoC hospitals were located 4.0, 10.1, and 11.5 times farther away than non‐CoC hospitals for residents of metro, large rural, and small rural counties, respectively, while the average distance to non‐CoC hospitals was similar across groups (9.4‐13.6 miles). Distance to CoC‐accredited facilities was greatest west of the Mississippi River, in particular the Mountain Division (99.2 miles).ConclusionsDespite similar proximity to non‐CoC hospitals across groups, CoC hospitals are located farther from large and small rural counties than metro counties, suggesting rural patients have diminished access to multidisciplinary, comprehensive cancer care afforded by CoC‐accredited hospitals. Addressing distance‐based access barriers to high‐quality, comprehensive cancer treatment in rural US communities will require a multisectoral approach.
A review of assessment methods for measuring individual differences in oral somatosensory perception
Authors: Riantiningtyas Reisya Rizki , Dougkas Anestis , Kwiecien Camille , Carrouel Florence , Giboreau Agnès , Bredie Wender L. P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWhile taste and smell perception have been thoroughly investigated, our understanding of oral somatosensory perception remains limited. Further, assessing and measuring individual differences in oral somatosensory perception pose notable challenges. This review aimed to evaluate the existing methods to assess oral somatosensory perception by examining and comparing the strengths and limitations of each method. The review highlighted the lack of standardized assessment methods and the various procedures within each method. Tactile sensitivity can be assessed using several methods, but each method measures different tactile dimensions. Further investigations are needed to confirm its correlation with texture sensitivity. In addition, measuring a single textural attribute may not provide an overall representation of texture sensitivity. Thermal sensitivity can be evaluated using thermal‐change detection or temperature discrimination tests. The chemesthetic sensitivity tests involve either localized or whole‐mouth stimulation tests. The choice of an appropriate method for assessing oral somatosensory sensitivity depends on several factors, including the specific research objectives and the target population. Each method has its unique intended purpose, strengths, and limitations, so no universally superior approach exists. To overcome some of the limitations associated with certain methods, the review offers alternative or complementary approaches that could be considered. Researchers can enhance the comprehensive assessment of oral somatosensory sensitivity by carefully selecting and potentially combining methods. In addition, a standardized protocol remains necessary for each method.
Effectiveness of decision aids on critically ill patients' outcomes and family members' knowledge, anxiety, depression and decisional conflict: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Xing Yana , Cai Weixin , Wang Anxin , Yuan Yuan , Zhang Ran 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundDecision aids (DAs) have been proposed to support patients and families with disease information processing and decision‐making, but their effectiveness for critically ill patients and their families is incompletely understood.AimTo systematically synthesize evidence on the effectiveness of the DAs on the prognosis of critically ill patients and knowledge, anxiety, depression and decisional conflict of their family members.Study DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis. We conducted a systematic search of literature using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature database, Scopus, PsycNet, CNKI and Wanfang Database from the inception of the databases until May 2023 to identify randomized clinical trials (RCTs) describing DAs interventions targeted at adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients or their families. We also searched grey literature in four databases: Chinese Clinical Trials Registry, Chinese Cochrane Center, Open Grey and GreyNet International.ResultsSeven RCTs were included in the review. Meta‐analysis identified longer hospital length of stay (LOS) among all patients compared with usual care (mean difference [MD] = 5.64 days, 95% confidence interval, CI [0.29, 10.98], p = .04), but not in surviving patients (MD = 2.09 days, 95% CI [−3.70, 7.89], p = .48). However, there was no evidence of an effect of DAs on hospital mortality (RR = 1.25, 95% CI [0.92, 1.70], p = .15), ICU LOS (MD = 3.77 days, 95% CI [−0.17, 7.70], p = .06) and length of mechanical ventilation (MD = 0.88 days, 95% CI [−2.22, 3.97], p = .58). DAs led to a statistically significant improvement in family members' knowledge (standard mean difference = 0.84, 95% CI [0.12, 1.56], p = .02). We found no significant effect of DAs on anxiety, depression, post‐traumatic stress disorder, decisional conflict and quality of communication of family members.ConclusionsThis review provides effective evidence that DAs can potentially improve the knowledge level of family members while prolonging the hospital LOS among critically ill patients.Relevance to Clinical PracticeWell‐designed large‐scale studies with DAs tailored to the individuals' preferences and existing cultural values are warranted.
Trapped fat: Obesity pathogenesis as an intrinsic disorder in metabolic fuel partitioning
Authors: Friedman Mark I. , Sørensen Thorkild I. A. , Taubes Gary , Lund Jens , Ludwig David S. 
Published: July 2024

SummaryOur understanding of the pathophysiology of obesity remains at best incomplete despite a century of research. During this time, two alternative perspectives have helped shape thinking about the etiology of the disorder. The currently prevailing view holds that excessive fat accumulation results because energy intake exceeds energy expenditure, with excessive food consumption being the primary cause of the imbalance. The other perspective attributes the initiating cause of obesity to intrinsic metabolic defects that shift fuel partitioning from pathways for mobilization and oxidation to those for synthesis and storage. The resulting reduction in fuel oxidation and trapping of energy in adipose tissue drives a compensatory increase in energy intake and, under some conditions, a decrease in expenditure. This theory of obesity pathogenesis has historically garnered relatively less attention despite its pedigree. Here, we present an updated comprehensive formulation of the fuel partitioning theory, focused on evidence gathered over the last 80 years from major animal models of obesity showing a redirection of fuel fluxes from oxidation to storage and accumulation of excess body fat with energy intake equal to or even less than that of lean animals. The aim is to inform current discussions about the etiology of obesity and by so doing, help lay new foundations for the design of more efficacious approaches to obesity research, treatment and prevention.
Surgical Strategy for Lumbar Disc Herniation based on the MSU Classification: Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy versus Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A 5‐year Retrospective Study
Authors: Li Hongtao , Xiao Changming , Pan Hongyu , Yang Haomiao , Lei Yang , Wang Haozhong , Li Sen 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveCurrently, there is no established guideline on whether to opt for percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) or traditional transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) surgery based on specific types of lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Based on the Michigan State University (MSU) classification system, this study conducted a medium‐ to long‐term follow‐up analysis of two surgical methods over 5 years for the first time, aiming to provide empirical evidence to assist in making more informed decisions before surgery for LDH treatment.MethodsThis was a retrospective study that included 273 patients with single‐level LDH who underwent PELD or TLIF treatment at our hospital between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2018. Detailed metrics included preoperative and postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) scores and Oswestry disability index (ODI) at 1‐day, 1‐week, 1‐year, and 5‐year follow‐ups. Complications, recurrences, and 5‐year postoperative modified MacNab criteria scores were also recorded. Statistical methods included independent sample t‐tests, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), and χ2 tests.ResultsClassified into seven groups according to the MSU classification, it was found that there was an improvement in the VAS and ODI scores at four postoperative follow‐ups (p < 0.001). PELD showed better results than TLIF in reducing pain and improving the ODI scores in the classifications of 3B, 2B, and 2C (p < 0.05). TLIF demonstrated consistent superiority over PELD in 2A, 2AB, 3A, and 3AB classifications (p < 0.05). The total recurrence rate in the PELD group (11.05%) within 5 years after surgery was higher (p < 0.05) than that in the TLIF group (3.96%). These were mainly concentrated in the 2A, 2AB, 3A, and 3AB types. Moreover, the rate of excellent and good outcomes in the PELD was higher than in the TLIF but no significant difference (χ2 = 1.0568, p = 0.5895).ConclusionThis study suggests that PELD and TLIF may relieve LDH, but have advantages under different MSU classifications. The MSU classification has specific guiding significance and could aid in the surgical selection of PELD or TLIF to achieve optimal treatment outcomes for patients with lumbar disc herniation.
Outcome of tailored therapy in rheumatic heart disease with persistent atrial fibrillation (RHD‐AF)
Authors: Saggu Daljeet Kaur , Subramaniam Muthiah , Korabathina Radhika , Raju B. Soma , Atreya Auras R. , Reddy Prasad , Kumar D. N. , Menon Rajeev , Yalagudri Sachin , Kapadiya Anuj , Chennapragada Sridevi , Narasimhan Calambur 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionRheumatic heart disease with persistent atrial fibrillation (RHD‐AF) is associated with increased morbidity. However, there is no standardized approach for the maintenance of sinus rhythm (SR) in them. We aimed to determine the utility of a stepwise approach to achieve SR in RHD‐AF.MethodsConsecutive patients with RHD‐AF from July 2021 to August 2023 formed the study cohort. The stepwise approach included pharmacological rhythm control and/or electrical cardioversion (Central illustration). In patients with recurrence, additional options included AF ablation or pace and ablate strategy with conduction system pacing or biventricular pacing. Clinical improvement, NT‐proBNP, 6‐Minute Walk Test (6MWT), heart failure (HF) hospitalizations, and thromboembolic complications were documented during follow‐up.ResultsEighty‐three patients with RHD‐AF (mean age 56.13 ± 9.51 years, women 72.28%) were included. Utilizing this approach, 43 (51.81%) achieved and maintained SR during the study period of 11.04 ± 7.14 months. These patients had improved functional class, lower NT‐proBNP, better distance covered for 6MWT, and reduced HF hospitalizations. The duration of AF was shorter in patients who achieved SR, compared to those who remained in AF (3.15 ± 1.29 vs 6.93 ± 5.23, p = 0.041). Thirty‐five percent (29) maintained SR after a single cardioversion over the study period. Only one underwent AF ablation. Of the 24 who underwent pace and ablate strategy, atrial lead was implanted in 22 (hybrid approach), and 50% of these achieved and maintained SR. Among these 24, none had HF hospitalizations, but patients who maintained SR had further improvement in clinical and functional parameters.ConclusionsRHD‐AF patients who could achieve SR with a stepwise approach, had better clinical outcomes and lower HF hospitalizations.
Temperature and ST‐segment morphology remote monitoring: new perspectives for implantable cardiac monitors in Brugada syndrome
Authors: Iacopino Saverio , Sorrenti Paolo , Fabiano Emmanuel , Colella Jacopo , Vilio Alessandro Di , Statuto Giovanni , Filannino Pasquale , Artale Paolo , Giacopelli Daniele , Peluso Gianluca , Fabiano Gennaro , Campagna Giuseppe , Cecchini Edoardo , Petretta Andrea 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionPatients with Brugada syndrome (BrS) face an increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Implantable cardiac monitors (ICMs) have emerged as effective tools for detecting arrhythmias in BrS. Technological advancements, including temperature sensors and improved subcutaneous electrocardiogram (subECG) signal quality, hold promise for further enhancing their utility in this population.Methods and resultsWe present a case of a 40‐year‐old man exhibiting a BrS type 2 pattern on 12‐lead ECG, who underwent ICM insertion (BIOMONITOR IIIm, BIOTRONIK) due to drug‐induced BrS type 1 pattern and a history of syncope, with a negative response to programmed ventricular stimulation. The device contains an integrated temperature sensor and can transmit daily vital data, such as mean heart rate and physical activity. Several months later, remote alerts indicated a temperature increase, along with transmitted subECGs suggesting a fever‐induced BrS type 1 pattern. The patient was promptly advised to commence antipyretic therapy. Over the following days, remotely monitored parameters showed decreases in mean temperature, physical activity, and mean heart rate, without further recurrence of abnormal subECGs.ConclusionICMs offer valuable insights beyond arrhythmia detection in BrS. Early detection of fever using embedded temperature sensors may improve patient management, while continuous subECG morphological analysis has the potential to enhance risk stratification in BrS patients.
Eggplant NAC domain transcription factor SmNST1 as an activator promotes secondary cell wall thickening
Authors: Wang Jiali , Zhang Xinxin , Yang Huiqin , Li Sirui , Hu Yao , Wei Dayong , Tang Qinglin , Yang Yang , Tian Shibing , Wang Zhimin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNAC‐domain transcription factors (TFs) are plant‐specific transcriptional regulators playing crucial roles in plant secondary cell wall (SCW) biosynthesis. SCW is important for plant growth and development, maintaining plant morphology, providing rigid support, ensuring material transportation and participating in plant stress responses as a protective barrier. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying SCW in eggplant have not been thoroughly explored. In this study, the NAC domain TFs SmNST1 and SmNST2 were cloned from the eggplant line ‘Sanyue qie′. SmNST1 and SmNST2 expression levels were the highest in the roots and stems. Subcellular localization analysis showed that they were localized in the cell membrane and nucleus. Their overexpression in transgenic tobacco showed that SmNST1 promotes SCW thickening. The expression of a set of SCW biosynthetic genes for cellulose, xylan and lignin, which regulate SCW formation, was increased in transgenic tobacco. Bimolecular fluorescence and luciferase complementation assays showed that SmNST1 interacted with SmNST2 in vivo. Yeast one‐hybrid, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and Dual‐luciferase reporter assays showed that SmMYB26 directly bound to the SmNST1 promoter and acted as an activator. SmNST1 and SmNST2 interact with the SmMYB108 promoter and repress SmMYB108 expression. Altogether, we showed that SmNST1 positively regulates SCW formation, improving our understanding of SCW biosynthesis transcriptional regulation.
Highly stable, fluorescent, artificial lipoprotein nanoparticles
Authors: Ding Jingwen , Kalluri Ankarao , Kumar Challa V. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHere, we report a novel kind of protein nanoparticles of 11 nm in size, which have a central protein core surrounded by two layers of lipid. One layer of the lipid was covalently attached to the protein, while the other layer has been physically assembled around the protein core. Particle synthesis is highly modular, while both the size and charge of the protein nanoparticles are controlled in a predictable manner. Circular dichroism studies of the conjugate showed that the protein secondary structure is retained, while biophysical characterizations indicated the particle purity, size, and charge. The conjugate had a high thermal stability to steam sterilization conditions at 121°C (17 psi). After labeling the protein core with few different fluorescent dyes, they were strongly fluorescent with the corresponding colors independent of their size, unlike quantum dots. They are readily digested by proteases, and these water‐soluble, non‐toxic, highly stable, biocompatible, and biodegradable conjugates are suitable for cell imaging and drug delivery applications.
Unveiling novel targets in melanoma under melanogenesis stimulation and photodynamic therapy by redox proteomics
Authors: Mazepa Ester , Cunha Elizabeth Sousa , Valerio Hellen Paula , Di Mascio Paolo , Batista Michel , Marchini Fabricio Klerynton , Meira Willian Vanderlei , Noleto Guilhermina Rodrigues , Winnischofer Sheila Maria Brochado , Martinez Glaucia Regina 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMelanogenesis‐stimulated B16‐F10 cells enter in a quiescent state, present inhibited mitochondrial respiration and increased reactive oxygen species levels. These alterations suggest that these cells may be under redox signaling, allowing tumor survival. The aim of this study was to evaluate redox‐modified proteins in B16‐F10 cells after melanogenesis stimulation and rose bengal‐photodynamic therapy (RB‐PDT). A redox proteomics label‐free approach based on the biotin switch assay technique with biotin‐HPDP and N‐ethylmaleimide was used to assess the thiol‐oxidized protein profile. Aconitase was oxidized at Cys‐448 and Cys‐451, citrate synthase was oxidized at Cys‐202 and aspartate aminotransferase (Got2) was oxidized at Cys‐272 and Cys‐274, exclusively after melanogenesis stimulation. After RB‐PDT, only guanine nucleotide‐binding protein subunit beta‐2‐like 1 (Gnb2l1) was oxidized (Cys‐168). In contrast, melanogenesis stimulation followed by RB‐PDT led to the oxidation of different cysteines in Gnb2l1 (Cys‐153 and Cys‐249). Besides that, glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (Gapdh) presented oxidation at Cys‐245, peptidyl‐prolyl cis‐trans isomerase A (Ppia) was oxidized at Cys‐161 and 5,6‐dihydroxyindole‐2‐carboxylic acid oxidase (Tyrp1) was oxidized at Cys‐65, Cys‐30, and Cys‐336 after melanogenesis stimulation followed by RB‐PDT. The redox alterations observed in murine melanoma cells and identification of possible target proteins are of great importance to further understand tumor resistance mechanisms.