bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Communication Problems After the Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011
Authors: Yamamura Hitoshi , Kaneda Kazuhisa , Mizobata Yasumitsu 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjectivesAfter the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, the resource utilization of and the problems encountered with communication devices were examined.MethodsA questionnaire survey was submitted to disaster medical assistance teams (DMATs) that were at the primary sites of destruction after the earthquake.ResultsWe collected data from 196 teams. During the first 4 days after the earthquake, the use of mobile phones, laptop computers, and landline phones was rated as poor to moderate, and satisfaction was very low, while satisfaction with satellite phones was rated as good to moderate (50%). The degree of satisfaction continued to increase gradually over time. Satellite phones, however, had several problems: poor reception, line instability, voice call use only, and inability to send large amounts of data.ConclusionsTo ensure effective communication during the acute phase in the aftermath of large disasters, a new satellite communication device is needed that not only is portable, battery powered, and able to send large volumes of data, but also offers stable communication. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014:0:1–4)
FINITELY ANNIHILATED GROUPS
Authors: CHIODO MAURICE 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn 1976, Wiegold asked if every finitely generated perfect group has weight 1. We introduce a new property of groups, finitely annihilated, and show that this might be a possible approach to resolving Wiegold’s problem. For finitely generated groups, we show that in several classes (finite, solvable, free), being finitely annihilated is equivalent to having noncyclic abelianisation. However, we also construct an infinite family of (finitely presented) finitely annihilated groups with cyclic abelianisation. We apply our work to show that the weight of a nonperfect finite group, or a nonperfect finitely generated solvable group, is the same as the weight of its abelianisation. This recovers the known partial results on the Wiegold problem: a finite (or finitely generated solvable) perfect group has weight 1.
BARRELLED SPACES WITH(OUT) SEPARABLE QUOTIENTS
Authors: KĄKOL JERZY , SAXON STEPHEN A. , TODD AARON R. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWhile the separable quotient problem is famously open for Banach spaces, in the broader context of barrelled spaces we give negative solutions. Obversely, the study of pseudocompact$\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}X$and Warner bounded$X$allows us to expand Rosenthal’s positive solution for Banach spaces of the form$ C_{c}(X) $to barrelled spaces of the same form, and see that strong duals of arbitrary$C_{c}(X) $spaces admit separable quotients.
THE TUMURA–CLUNIE THEOREM IN SEVERAL COMPLEX VARIABLES
Authors: HU PEI-CHU , YANG CHUNG-CHUN 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIt is a well-known result that if a nonconstant meromorphic function $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}f$ on $\mathbb{C}$ and its $l$th derivative $f^{(l)}$ have no zeros for some $l\geq 2$, then $f$ is of the form $f(z)=\exp (Az+B)$ or $f(z)=(Az+B)^{-n}$ for some constants $A$, $B$. We extend this result to meromorphic functions of several variables, by first extending the classic Tumura–Clunie theorem for meromorphic functions of one complex variable to that of meromorphic functions of several complex variables using Nevanlinna theory.
Classical biological control of an invasive forest pest: a world perspective of the management ofSirex noctiliousing the parasitoidIbalia leucospoides(Hymenoptera: Ibaliidae)
Authors: Fischbein D. , Corley J.C. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractClassical biological control is a key method for managing populations of pests in long-lived crops such as plantation forestry. The execution of biological control programmes in general, as the evaluation of potential natural enemies remains, to a large extent, an empirical endeavour. Thus, characterizing specific cases to determine patterns that may lead to more accurate predictions of success is an important goal of the much applied ecological research. We review the history of introduction, ecology and behaviour of the parasitoidIbalia leucospoides. The species is a natural enemy ofSirex noctilio, one of the most important pests of pine afforestation worldwide. We use an invasion ecology perspective given the analogy between the main stages involved in classical biological control and the biological invasion processes. We conclude that success in the establishment, a common reason of failure in biocontrol, is not a limiting factor of success byI. leucospoides. A mismatch between the spread capacity of the parasitoid and that of its host could nevertheless affect control at a regional scale. In addition, we suggest that given its known life history traits, this natural enemy may be a better regulator than suppressor of the host population. Moreover, spatial and temporal refuges of the host population that may favour the local persistence of the interaction probably reduce the degree to whichS. noctiliopopulation is suppressed by the parasitoid. We emphasize the fact that some of the biological attributes that promote establishment may negatively affect suppression levels achieved. Studies on established non-native pest–parasitoid interactions may contribute to defining selection criteria for classical biological control which may prove especially useful in integrated pest management IPM programmes of invasive forest insects.
False Commitments: Local Misrepresentation and the International Norms Against Female Genital Mutilation and Early Marriage
Authors: Cloward Karisa 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA substantial international relations literature addresses the various ways in which international actors, and the norms they promote, influence state behavior. But less attention has been paid to the influence these actors directly exert at the local level, despite the fact that many transnational campaigns promote norms for which individuals—not states—are the primary transgressors. If individuals behave as some states do, publicly embracing international norms only because they expect a financial or reputational benefit from doing so, then the campaigns have not fully succeeded. But when do individuals engage in real behavior change, and when do they simply change the public image they present to the international community? To begin to address this question, I employ a randomized field experiment to evaluate individuals' willingness to make claims that differ from their true normative commitments. I conducted the experiment in the context of an original 2008 opinion survey about female genital mutilation and early marriage, run in rural Kenya. I find that respondents misrepresent their behavior and intentions, and I supplement these findings with an exploration of causal mechanisms through qualitative interviews.
Reassignment of the land tortoise haemogregarine Haemogregarina fitzsimonsi Dias 1953 (Adeleorina: Haemogregarinidae) to the genus Hepatozoon Miller 1908 (Adeleorina: Hepatozoidae) based on parasite morphology, life cycle and phylogenetic analysis of 18S rDNA sequence fragments
Authors: COOK COURTNEY A. , LAWTON SCOTT P. , DAVIES ANGELA J. , SMIT NICO J. 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYResearch was undertaken to clarify the true taxonomic position of the terrestrial tortoise apicomplexan, Haemogregarina fitzsimonsi (Dias, 1953). Thin blood films were screened from 275 wild and captive South African tortoises of 6 genera and 10 species between 2009–2011. Apicomplexan parasites within films were identified, with a focus on H. fitzsimonsi. Ticks from wild tortoises, especially Amblyomma sylvaticum and Amblyomma marmoreum were also screened, and sporogonic stages were identified on dissection of adult ticks of both species taken from H. fitzsimonsi infected and apparently non-infected tortoises. Parasite DNA was extracted from fixed, Giemsa-stained tortoise blood films and from both fresh and fixed ticks, and PCR was undertaken with two primer sets, HEMO1/HEMO2, and HepF300/HepR900, to amplify parasite 18S rDNA. Results indicated that apicomplexan DNA extracted from tortoise blood films and both species of tick had been amplified by one or both primer sets. Haemogregarina fitzsimonsi 18S rDNA sequences from tortoise blood aligned with those of species of Hepatozoon, rather than those of species of Haemogregarina or Hemolivia. It is recommended therefore that this haemogregarine be re-assigned to the genus Hepatozoon, making Hepatozoon fitzsimonsi (Dias, 1953) the only Hepatozoon known currently from any terrestrial chelonian. Ticks are its likely vectors.
Working on Welfare: Findings from a Qualitative Longitudinal Study Into the Lived Experiences of Welfare Reform in the UK
Authors: PATRICK RUTH 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis paper presents findings from a qualitative longitudinal study into the lived experiences of welfare reform in the UK. The study set out to explore how individuals directly affected by changes to the benefits system experienced and responded to these reforms. A small group of out-of-work benefits claimants were interviewed three times between 2011 and 2013. The research found that ‘getting by’ on benefits often entailed substantial hard ‘work’, which was frequently time intensive, with many participants also engaged in other forms of socially valuable contribution such as caring and volunteering. A strong orientation towards paid employment was evident across most of the sample and fluid movements in and out of work, characteristic of the ‘low-pay, no-pay’ cycle, was quite common. Alongside a discussion of these findings, this paper considers the (mis)match between the government rhetoric of benefits as a ‘lifestyle choice’ and individual lived experiences.
Scars that will not Disappear: Long-term Associations between Early and Later life Unemployment under Different Welfare Regimes
Authors: BRANDT MARTINA , HANK KARSTEN 
Published: June 2014

AbstractExploiting retrospective data from the SHARELIFE project, we investigate long-term associations between early and later life unemployment spells of at least six months in a sample of more than 13,000 men and women from eleven European countries. Our findings provide, first, evidence for significant differences in the life-course pattern of unemployment occurrence between welfare state regimes. Second, childhood conditions are shown to bear significant associations with the odds of experiencing periods of unemployment throughout one's employment career. Third, and finally, our analysis confirms previous research in that we provide clear evidence for long-term scarring effects, showing that they are indeed permanent ones, as we observe them even among older workers close to retirement. The paper concludes with a discussion of perspectives for future research.
A persistent method for parameter identification of a seven-axes manipulator
Authors: Neubauer Matthias , Gattringer Hubert , Bremer Hartmut 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYThis paper presents a persistent method for the identification problem of open-chained robotic systems. Based on the Projection Equation, a new, direct method to collect the dynamic and friction parameters in linear form is worked out. However, in this form, linear dependencies in the parameters occur and they are canceled out with the help of the QR algorithm. The obtained linear independent parameters are the base parameters of the system. To ensure a good excitation, the identification is improved by using optimized trajectories defined by Fourier-series, taking also physical constraints into account. The evaluation of the dynamic robot parameters is realized with a least squares error optimization. Furthermore, the result strongly depends on a special choice of weighting matrices for the error. Experimental results for a seven-axes robotic system (standard six-axes industrial manipulator mounted on a linear axis) are presented in detail. Additionally, the influence of temperature effects to base parameter changes is discussed.
Extended transmission of two H5/H7 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses in chickens
Authors: CLAES G. , LAMBRECHT B. , DEWULF J. , van den BERG T. , MARCHÉ S. 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYTransmission experiments are useful for investigating the mechanisms of low pathogenic notifiable avian influenza virus (LPNAI) transmission. In this study, the hypothesis that inoculation-infected chickens are more infectious than contact-infected chickens was tested. To this end, extended transmission experiments with one H5N2 and one H7N1 LPAIV which had previously been characterized in a series of standard transmission experiments were conducted in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. For the H5N2 LPAIV, the infectivity of contact-infected chickens was similar to the infectivity of inoculated chickens. Despite results from a previous study suggesting the H7N1 LPAIV strain to be similarly infectious to SPF chickens as the H5N2 LPAIV strain, the acquisition of contact-infected chickens proved more difficult for H7N1 LPAIV. It was assumed that this might have been a consequence of the length and timing of the exposure period. In conclusion, for LPNAIVs that first seemed equally infectious, short-term transmissibility may vary considerably.
Classical swine fever in pigs: recent developments and future perspectives
Authors: Chander Vishal , Nandi S. , Ravishankar C. , Upmanyu V. , Verma Rishendra 
Published: June 2014

AbstractClassical swine fever (CSF) is one of the most devastating epizootic diseases of pigs, causing high morbidity and mortality worldwide. The diversity of clinical signs and similarity in disease manifestations to other diseases make CSF difficult to diagnose with certainty. The disease is further complicated by the presence of a number of different strains belonging to three phylogenetic groups. Advanced diagnostic techniques allow detection of antigens or antibodies in clinical samples, leading to implementation of proper and effective control programs. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods, including portable real-time PCR, provide diagnosis in a few hours with precision and accuracy, even at the point of care. The disease is controlled by following a stamping out policy in countries where vaccination is not practiced, whereas immunization with live attenuated vaccines containing the ‘C’ strain is effectively used to control the disease in endemic countries. To overcome the problem of differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals, different types of marker vaccines, with variable degrees of efficacy, along with companion diagnostic assays have been developed and may be useful in controlling and even eradicating the disease in the foreseeable future. The present review aims to provide an overview and status of CSF as a whole with special reference to swine husbandry in India.
An introduction to systematic reviews in animal health, animal welfare, and food safety
Authors: O'Connor A. M. , Sargeant J. M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we provide an introduction to systematic reviews and discuss the process for conducting systematic reviews in animal health, animal welfare, and food safety. The research synthesis need that can be addressed by a systematic review is discussed. The use of systematic reviews to address questions about intervention effects, etiology, diagnostic tests evaluation and disease burden are discussed. The steps included in a systematic review are described.
Pain management in the neonatal piglet during routine management procedures. Part 2:Grading the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations
Authors: O'Connor A. , Anthony R. , Bergamasco L. , Coetzee J. , Gould S. , Johnson A. K. , Karriker L. A. , Marchant-Forde J. N. , Martineau G. S. , McKean J. , Millman S. T. , Niekamp S. , Pajor E. A. , Rutherford K. , Sprague M. , Sutherland M. , von Borell E. , Dzikamunhenga R. S. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPiglets reared in swine production in the USA undergo painful procedures that include castration, tail docking, teeth clipping, and identification with ear notching or tagging. These procedures are usually performed without pain mitigation. The objective of this project was to develop recommendations for pain mitigation in 1- to 28-day-old piglets undergoing these procedures. The National Pork Board funded project to develop recommendations for pain mitigation in piglets. Recommendation development followed a defined multi-step process that included an evidence summary and estimates of the efficacies of interventions. The results of a systematic review of the interventions were reported in a companion paper. This manuscript describes the recommendation development process and the final recommendations. Recommendations were developed for three interventions (CO2/O2general anesthesia, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and lidocaine) for use during castration. The ability to make strong recommendations was limited by low-quality evidence and strong certainty about variation in stakeholder values and preferences. The panel strongly recommended against the use of a CO2/O2general anesthesia mixture, weakly recommended for the use of NSAIDs and weakly recommended against the use of lidocaine for pain mitigation during castration of 1- to 28-day-old piglets.
Biodiversity acts as insurance of productivity of bacterial communities under abiotic perturbations
Authors: Awasthi Ashutosh , Singh Mangal , Soni Sumit K , Singh Rakshapal , Kalra Alok 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Anthropogenic disturbances are detrimental to the functioning and stability of natural ecosystems. Critical ecosystem processes driven by microbial communities are subjected to these disturbances. Here, we examine the stabilizing role of bacterial diversity on community biomass in the presence of abiotic perturbations such as addition of heavy metals, NaCl and warming. Bacterial communities with a diversity gradient of 1–12 species were subjected to the different treatments, and community biomass (OD600) was measured after 24 h. We found that initial species richness and phylogenetic structure impact the biomass of communities. Under abiotic perturbations, the presence of tolerant species in community largely contributed in community biomass production. Bacterial diversity stabilized the biomass across the treatments, and differential response of bacterial species to different perturbations was the key reason behind these effects. The results suggest that biodiversity is crucial for maintaining the stability of ecosystem functioning and acts as ecological insurance under abiotic perturbations. Biodiversity in natural ecosystems may also uphold the ecosystem functioning under anthropogenic disturbance.
Effects of sample treatments on genome recovery via single-cell genomics
Authors: Clingenpeel Scott , Schwientek Patrick , Hugenholtz Philip , Woyke Tanja 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Single-cell genomics is a powerful tool for accessing genetic information from uncultivated microorganisms. Methods of handling samples before single-cell genomic amplification may affect the quality of the genomes obtained. Using three bacterial strains we show that, compared to cryopreservation, lower-quality single-cell genomes are recovered when the sample is preserved in ethanol or if the sample undergoes fluorescence in situ hybridization, while sample preservation in paraformaldehyde renders it completely unsuitable for sequencing.
Reversing the pump dependence of a laser at an exceptional point
Authors: Brandstetter M. , Liertzer M. , Deutsch C. , Klang P. , Schöberl J. , Türeci H. E. , Strasser G. , Unterrainer K. , Rotter S. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWhen two resonant modes in a system with gain or loss coalesce in both their resonance position and their width, a so-called exceptional point occurs, which acts as a source of non-trivial physics in a diverse range of systems. Lasers provide a natural setting to study such non-Hermitian degeneracies, as they feature resonant modes and a gain material as their basic constituents. Here we show that exceptional points can be conveniently induced in a photonic molecule laser by a suitable variation of the applied pump. Using a pair of coupled microdisk quantum cascade lasers, we demonstrate that in the vicinity of these exceptional points the coupled laser shows a characteristic reversal of its pump dependence, including a strongly decreasing intensity of the emitted laser light for increasing pump power.
Biosynthesis of natural products containing β-amino acids
Authors: Kudo Fumitaka , Miyanaga Akimasa , Eguchi Tadashi 
Published: June 2014

β-Amino acids are unique components involved in a wide variety of natural products such as anticancer agents taxol, bleomycin, cytotoxic microcystin, enediyne compound C-1027 chromophore, nucleoside antibiotic blasticidin S, and macrolactam antibiotic vicenistatin. The biosynthesis and incorporation mechanisms are reviewed.
Ontogenetic Constraints on Grice’s Theory of Communication
Authors: Moore Richard 
Published: June 2014

For a number of reasons Paul Grice’s account of the nature of intentional communication has often been supposed to be cognitively too complex to work as an account of the communicative interactions of pre-verbal children. Here I review a number of different formulations of this problem, and responses to this problem that others have developed. These include Relevance Theory (by Sperber and Wilson, Section 4.1.1), Pedagogy Theory (by Gergely and Csibra, Section 4.1.2), and recent work on Expressive Communication (by Green and Bar-On). I also discuss my own response to the challenge of Gricean communication (Section 4.2).
Perception of quality of life in an elderly Angolan sample / Percepción de calidad de vida en una muestra de ancianos angoleños
Authors: Gutiérrez Melchor , Tomás José M. , Sancho Patricia , Galiana Laura , Francisco Elizabeth-Hama 
Published: June 2014

Increased life expectancy and the ageing of the population have made it particularly important to distinguish between the old (usually 60–79 years, or the ‘young old’) and the oldest old (80 years or more, or the ‘fourth age’). This study explores the effects of age, gender and institutionalization on perceived health and life satisfaction in 1003 elderly people from Luanda, Angola. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was estimated to test for these effects. Results provide evidence of lower scores on life satisfaction and perceived health for the oldest old and the institutionalized. However, the higher life satisfaction among the non-institutionalized disappeared when they reach the fourth age. No differences were found by gender, although there was a slight drop in the life satisfaction of women over the age of 80.