bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Brilliant Magnetic Refrigerant Operating Near Liquid Helium Temperature: Enhanced Magnetocaloric Effect in Ferromagnetic EuTi0.75Al0.125Zr0.125O3
Authors: Xie Huicai , Jiang Jiaxin , Tian Lu , Mo Zhaojun , Liu Guodong , Gao Xinqiang , Shen Jun , Liu Yao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRare earth‐based perovskites have become an attractive research interest in the field of cryogenic magnetic refrigerants due to their unique advantages in practical applications. The remarkable magnetocaloric effect (MCE) renders EuTiO3 a potential magnetic refrigerant in the liquid helium temperature range. More impressively, the tunability between antiferromagnetism (AFM) and ferromagnetism (FM) provides the feasibility of tailoring the magnetism and enhancing the magnetocaloric performance. In this study, the magnetism of EuTi0.75Al0.125Zr0.125O3 is investigated in depth through first‐principles calculations and experimental methods. Both theoretical calculations and experimental results reveal that it exhibits significant ferromagnetism due to the AFM‐FM magnetic transition promoted by the co‐substitution of Al and Zr. Lattice expansion and altered electronic interactions are responsible for the FM behavior, which leads to a significant enhancement of the MCE. With the field change of 0−1 T, the peak values of magnetic entropy change (−ΔSM), refrigerating capacity (RC), and adiabatic temperature change (ΔTad) reach 18.9 J kg−1 K−1, 77.7 J kg−1, and 7.4 K, respectively. More surprisingly, the values of maximum magnetic entropy change () and maximum adiabatic temperature change for EuTi0.75Al0.125Zr0.125O3 reach 11.4 J kg−1 K−1 and 3.7 K under the field change of 0−0.5 T, respectively. The remarkable magnetocaloric performance proves it to be a brilliant magnetic refrigerant operating near liquid helium temperature.
Intercepting the Chelation of Perovskites with Ambient Moisture through Active Addition Reaction for Full‐Air‐Processed Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ning Lei , Song Lixin , Yao Zhengzheng , Chen Wei‐Hsiang , Du Pingfan , Jiang Pei‐Cheng , Xiong Jie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe fabrication of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) under full‐air conditions accelerates their scalable production and industrialization. However, ambient moisture interacts with perovskites during the film formation that disturbs their crystallization and triggers structural imperfections. Here, a formamidine (FA) active addition reaction (FAAR) strategy is devised to intercept the deleterious chemical coordination. The simultaneous incorporation of 2, 6‐bis(aminomethyl)pyridine (BAMPy) molecule into tin oxide surface and perovskite bulk ameliorates the interface contact and film interior. It is found that the tail amino group from BAMPy selectively reacts with FA cation, occupying A site of perovskite crystals, increasing binding energy of perovskite with H2O molecule even in a defective surface, thereby strengthening moisture tolerance. This strategy effectively modifies perovskite crystallization in ambient air, favors structural uniformity, and forms the compressive‐strained films. The FAAR‐modified PSC devices fabricated under full‐air conditions deliver the highest efficiencies of 24.11% and 21.68% with aperture areas of 0.06 and 1 cm2, respectively. The favorable moisture impediment property contributes to perovskite crystallization enhancement and structural uniformity, maintaining 90.8% of their initial performance for the encapsulated devices after 2400 h storage under accelerating damp‐heat measurements (85 °C and 85% relative humidity).
Optimizing of Cathode Interface Layers in Organic Solar Cells Using Polyphenols: An Effective Approach
Authors: Ding Xiaoman , Lv Jie , Liang Zezhou , Sun Xiaokang , Zhao Jingjing , Lu Manjia , Wang Fei , Zhang Chenyang , Zhang Guangye , Xu Tongle , Hu Dingqin , kan zhipeng , Ruan Changshun , Shi Yumeng , Lin Haoran , Zhang Wanqing , Li Gang , Hu Hanlin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe cathode interface layers (CILs) play a crucial role in enhancing the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, challenges arise due to the high work function of CIL and inadequate contact with the active layer, leading to high interface trap recombination and poor charge extraction. In this study, a novel approach is proposed to improve charge injection and extraction in CILs by incorporating polyphenols, trihydroxybenzoic acid (TBA). Focusing on the CIL PDINN, its work function is successfully reduced from 4.14 eV to 3.80 eV and obtained charge collection efficiency of 91.23% through TBA regulation. These enhancements can be ascribed to improved contact between the active layer and the CILs, and enhanced the formation of a fine fiber phase width and inhibited interface recombination. As a result, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the binary OSCs comprising PM6: BTP‐ec9 exhibits an increase from 18.2% to 19.3%, placing it among the one of the highest PCE values. Moreover, this approach demonstrated notable applicability for another CILs, as well as various OSCs systems. Overall, this research underscores the importance of regulating and modifying CILs to fully exploit their potential in OSCs devices, while laying the groundwork for optimizing their efficiency and stability.
Microtubule polymerization induced by iridium‐fullerene photosensitizers for cancer immunotherapy via dual‐reactive oxygen species regulation strategy
Authors: Chen Xiao‐Xiao , Peng Kun , Chen Xi , Pan Zheng‐Yin , Shen Qing‐Hua , Ling Yu‐Yi , Zhao Jian‐Zhang , Tan Cai‐Ping 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMicrotubules (MTs) are key players in cell division, migration, and signaling, and they are regarded as important targets for cancer treatment. In this work, two fullerene (C60)‐functionalized Ir(III) complexes (Ir‐C601 and Ir‐C602) are rationally designed as dual reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulators and MT‐targeted Type I/II photosensitizers. In the dark, Ir‐C601 and Ir‐C602 serve as ROS scavengers to eliminate O2•− and •OH, consequently reducing the dark cytotoxicity and reversing dysfunctional T cells. Due to the efficiently populated C60‐localized intraligand triplet state, Ir‐C601 and Ir‐C602 can be excited by green light (525 nm) to produce O2•− and •OONO− (Type I) and 1O2 (Type II) to overcome tumor hypoxia. Moreover, Ir‐C601 is also able to photooxidize tubulin, consequently interfering with the cellular cytoskeleton structures, inducing immunogenic cell death and inhibiting cell proliferation and migration. Finally, Ir‐C601 exhibits promising photo‐immunotherapeutic effects both in vitro and in vivo. In all, we report here the first MT stabilizing photosensitizer performing through Type I/II photodynamic therapy pathways, which provides insights into the rational design of new photo‐immunotherapeutic agents targeting specific biomolecules.
Disparities in seeking care for olfactory and gustatory dysfunction: A population analysis
Authors: Gorelik Daniel , Dhanda Aatin K. , Khan Najm S. , Takashima Masayoshi , Nisar Tariq , Brissett Ella , Ramanathan Murugappan , Pinto Jayant M. , Rowan Nicholas R. , Ahmed Omar G. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionDespite effects on quality of life from olfactory and gustatory dysfunction (OD and GD), screening practices are limited, and patients’ self‐reporting of symptoms remains the only way to understand the burden of chemosensory dysfunction (CSD). Using a large population‐based database, we sought to understand factors leading to reduced likelihood of discussing CSD with a provider.MethodsThe 2013‒2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) chemosensory protocol was queried for factors influencing discussion of OD/GD with a healthcare provider. Sociodemographic, comorbidity, and objective OD/GD testing results were assessed with a multivariate analysis.ResultsOut of 146.1 million US adults, there were an estimated 41.4 million individuals with self‐reported OD/GD in the prior 12 months (28.3%). A total of 86.8% of participants did not discuss their problem with a healthcare provider. Men were about half as likely to speak with a healthcare provider (odds ratio [OR] 0.42; 0.26–0.66; p < 0.001) and those with a college education were about nine times more likely to discuss the problem compared to those with less than a ninth‐grade educational achievement (OR 8.83; 1.86–41.98; p = 0.02). Those with objective confirmation of CSD were still unlikely to speak with a provider (OR 0.77; 0.44–1.33; p = 0.36).ConclusionMen and those with less education are less likely to discuss OD/GD with a healthcare provider. These populations tend to be at increased risk for CSD, and there are severe downstream health and quality of life implications related to CSD. Dedicated screening and increased public awareness are critical to ensure more equitable care.
KLOTHO KL‐VS heterozygosity is associated with diminished age‐related neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and synaptic dysfunction in older cognitively unimpaired adults
Authors: Driscoll Ira Frahmand , Lose Sarah , Ma Yue , Bendlin Barbara B. , Gallagher Catherine , Johnson Sterling C. , Asthana Sanjay , Hermann Bruce , Sager Mark A. , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Carlsson Cynthia , Kollmorgen Gwendlyn , Quijano‐Rubio Clara , Dubal Dena , Okonkwo Ozioma C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONWe examined whether the aging suppressor KLOTHO gene's functionally advantageous KL‐VS variant (KL‐VS heterozygosity [KL‐VSHET]) confers resilience against deleterious effects of aging indexed by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of neuroinflammation (interleukin‐6 [IL‐6], S100 calcium‐binding protein B [S100B], triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells [sTREM2], chitinase‐3‐like protein 1 [YKL‐40], glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP]), neurodegeneration (total α‐synuclein [α‐Syn], neurofilament light chain protein), and synaptic dysfunction (neurogranin [Ng]).METHODSThis Alzheimer disease risk‐enriched cohort consisted of 454 cognitively unimpaired adults (Mage = 61.5 ± 7.75). Covariate‐adjusted multivariate regression examined relationships between age (mean‐split[age ≥ 62]) and CSF biomarkers (Roche/NeuroToolKit), and whether they differed between KL‐VSHET (N = 122) and non‐carriers (KL‐VSNC; N = 332).RESULTSOlder age was associated with a poorer biomarker profile across all analytes (Ps ≤ 0.03). In age‐stratified analyses, KL‐VSNC exhibited this same pattern (Ps ≤ 0.05) which was not significant for IL‐6, S100B, Ng, and α‐Syn (Ps ≥ 0.13) in KL‐VSHET. Although age‐related differences in GFAP, sTREM2, and YKL‐40 were evident for both groups (Ps ≤ 0.01), the effect magnitude was markedly stronger for KL‐VSNC.DISCUSSIONHigher levels of neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and synaptic dysfunction in older adults were attenuated in KL‐VSHET.Highlights
Older age was associated with poorer profiles across all cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and synaptic dysfunction.
KLOTHO KL‐VS non‐carriers exhibit this same pattern, which is does not significantly differ between younger and older KL‐VS heterozygotes for interleukin‐6, S100 calcium‐binding protein B, neurogranin, and total α‐synuclein.
Although age‐related differences in glial fibrillary acidic protein, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells, and chitinase‐3‐like protein 1 are evident for both KL‐VS groups, the magnitude of the effect is markedly stronger for KL‐VS non‐carriers.
Higher levels of neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and synaptic dysfunction in older adults are attenuated in KL‐VS heterozygotes.
In vivo detection of Alzheimer's and Lewy body disease concurrence: Clinical implications and future perspectives
Authors: Baiardi Simone , Hansson Oskar , Levin Johannes , Parchi Piero 
Published: June 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThe recent introduction of seed amplification assays (SAAs) detecting misfolded α‐synuclein, a pathology‐specific marker for Lewy body disease (LBD), has allowed the in vivo identification and phenotypic characterization of patients with co‐occurring Alzheimer's disease (AD) and LBD since the early clinical or even preclinical stage.METHODSWe reviewed studies with an in vivo biomarker‐based diagnosis of AD‐LBD copathology.RESULTSStudies in large cohorts of cognitively impaired individuals have shown that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers detect the coexistence of AD and LB pathology in approximately 20%–25% of them, independently of the primary clinical diagnosis. Compared to those with pure AD, AD‐LBD patients showed worse global cognition, especially in attentive/executive and visuospatial functions, and worse motor functions. In cognitively unimpaired individuals, concurrent AD‐LBD pathologies predicted longitudinal cognitive progression with faster worsening of global cognition, memory, and attentive/executive functions.DISCUSSIONFuture research studies aiming for a better precision medicine approach should develop SAAs further to reach a quantitative evaluation or staging of each underlying pathology using a single biofluid sample.Highlights
α‐Synuclein seed amplification assays (SAAs) provide a specific marker for Lewy body disease (LBD).
SAAs allow for the in vivo identification of co‐occurring LBD in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).
AD‐LBD coexist in 20‐25% of cognitively impaired elderly individuals, and ∼8% of those asymptomatic.
Compared to pure AD, AD‐LBD causes a faster worsening of cognitive functions.
AD‐LBD is associated with worse attentive/executive, memory, visuospatial and motor functions.
Zwitterionic Acridinium Amidate: A Nitrogen‐Centered Radical Catalyst for Photoinduced Direct Hydrogen Atom Transfer
Authors: Entgelmeier Lukas‐Maximilian , Mori Soichiro , Sendo Shion , Yamaguchi Rie , Suzuki Ryuhei , Yanai Takeshi , García Mancheño Olga , Ohmatsu Kohsuke , Ooi Takashi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe development of small organic molecules that can convert light energy into chemical energy to directly promote molecular transformation is of fundamental importance in chemical science. Herein, we report a zwitterionic acridinium amidate as a catalyst for the direct functionalization of aliphatic C−H bonds. This organic zwitterion absorbs visible light to generate the corresponding amidyl radical in the form of excited‐state triplet diradical with prominent reactivity for hydrogen atom transfer to facilitate C−H alkylation with a high turnover number. The experimental and theoretical investigations revealed that the noncovalent interactions between the anionic amidate nitrogen and a pertinent hydrogen‐bond donor, such as hexafluoroisopropanol, are crucial for ensuring the efficient generation of catalytically active species, thereby fully eliciting the distinct reactivity of the acridinium amidate as a photoinduced direct hydrogen atom transfer catalyst.
Confining Conversion Chemistry in Intercalation Host for Aqueous Batteries
Authors: Gui Qiuyue , Cui Wenjun , Ba Deliang , Sang Xiahan , Li Yuanyuan , Liu Jinping 
Published: June 2024

AbstractConversion‐type anode materials with high theoretical capacities play a pivotal role in developing future aqueous rechargeable batteries (ARBs). However, their sustainable applications have long been impeded by the poor cycling stability and sluggish redox kinetics. Here we show that confining conversion chemistry in intercalation host could overcome the above challenges. Using sodium titanates as a model intercalation host, an integrated layered anode material of iron oxide hydroxide‐pillared titanate (FeNTO) is demonstrated. The conversion reaction is spatially and kinetically confined within sub‐nano interlayer, enabling superlow redox polarization (ca. 4–6 times reduced), ultralong lifespan (up to 8700 cycles) and excellent rate performance. Notably, the charge compensation of interlayer via universal cation intercalation into host endows FeNTO with the capability of operating well in a broad range of aqueous electrolytes (Li+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, etc.). We further demonstrate the large‐scale synthesis of FeNTO thin film and powder, and rational design of quasi‐solid‐state high‐voltage ARB pouch cells powering wearable electronics against extreme mechanical abuse. This work demonstrates a powerful confinement means to access disruptive electrode materials for next‐generation energy devices.
Enhancement of octreotide antiproliferative activity by PEGylated PAMAM dendrimers delivery
Authors: Díaz Carola F. , Cifuentes Diego L. , Oyarzún Maximiliano , Guzmán José L. , Jiménez Verónica A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPEGylated PAMAM dendrimers (PEG‐PAMAM) are well‐characterized biomaterials with still unexplored applications as carriers of drugs acting via membrane receptors, such as octreotide. This work confirmed the safety and negligible internalization capacity of fourth‐generation 50%‐PEG‐PAMAM in HEK‐293 cells, to then assessed their supramolecular binding to octreotide through tryptophan quenching experiments and Gaussian‐accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD) simulations. Tryptophan quenching showed that PEG‐PAMAM binds octreotide with a Kbind of 6 × 106 M−1 and a complex stoichiometry of 1:1.4, unlike native PAMAM. GaMD simulations revealed that octreotide binds at the outer PEG shell of PEG‐PAMAM, potentially hindering the drug from proteolytic degradation and enabling its release at a membrane level. Viability experiments on HeLa, PC‐12, and HEK‐293 cells incubated with increasing concentrations of octreotide in free drug solutions and equimolar mixtures with PEG‐PAMAM confirmed that the PEGylated dendrimer acts as an efficient supramolecular carrier for octreotide and enhances the antiproliferative effects of the drug. Our findings highlight a novel facet for PEG‐PAMAM dendrimers as macromolecular vehicles for peptide or non‐peptide drugs acting via membrane receptor sites.
Seawater‐degradable poly(ethylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) copolyester: Synthesis, properties, and degradation behavior
Authors: Liu Tianyuan , Wang Weihao , Yin Tian , Jiang Zhikui , Zhen Zhichao , Yan Guochun , Ji Junhui 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe application and promotion of biodegradable plastics are hindered by the imbalance between their mechanical and degradation performance imbalance, as well as high costs. Herein, a series of poly(ethylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PEAT) copolyesters with excellent mechanical and degradation properties are synthesized by one‐step melt polycondensation. The influence of the proportion of aliphatic groups in the molecular chain on the structure and properties, especially the degradation performance, of the copolyesters was studied. The molecular chain flexibility and degradability of PEAT increases with increasing of adipic acid content and decreasing of ET fragment length (LET). The comprehensive mechanical properties of PEAT60 can be comparable to traditional packaging material poly(butylene adipateco‐terephthalate) (PBAT). The degradation performance of PEAT can be adjusted the molecular chain structure. PEAT with LET < 3 exhibit degradation performance, and PEAT with LET < 2.2 exhibit significant degradation acceleration. The excellent mechanical and degradable properties of PEAT copolyester make it expected to be used in degradable packaging and other fields to help solve plastic pollution, while its lower cost will aid in the promotion of degradable materials.
Cranial musculature of batoids: A standardized nomenclature
Authors: Ramírez‐Díaz C. , Kolmann M. A. , Peredo C. M. , Cruz‐Escalona V. H. , Peña R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBatoids (rays and skates) are cartilaginous fishes whose jaws are not articulated directly to the neurocranium. The only point of contact between them are the hyomandibular cartilages, resulting in a unique mandibular suspension called euhyostyly. Due to this decoupling of the jaws from the skull, muscles play an essential role in modulating mandibular movements during the feeding process, especially during mandibular protrusion. The main objectives of our study were: (1) to examine the mandibular musculature of eight batoid species from different orders in the Batoidea and (2) establish a standardized musclulature terminology for future comparative myological studies in batoids. For each muscle bundle, the general characteristics of each cranial muscle were described and their origin and insertions were identified. The number of muscle bundles differed intraspecifically. On the dorsal surface, we reported the first evidence of the presence of the precranial muscle (PCM) in U. halleri, as well as the ethmoideo‐parethmoidalis muscle (ETM) in R. velezi, P. glaugostigma and Z. exasperata; in addition, the insertion of the spiracularis muscle (SP) extended to the ventral surface of the oropharyngeal tract in myliobatiforms. On the ventral surface of the head, both N. entemedor and M. californica exhibited additional muscles in the mandibular area. These muscles were renamed as part of the standardization of mandibular terminology: the depressor mandibularis minor (DMM) in N. entemedor and the adductor mandibulae profundus (AMP) in M. californica. The standardization of terminology is essential for futures studies of the mandibular apparatus in batoids, to facilitate the morphological description of muscles in species without anatomical accounts and for continuity in broader comparative analyses.
Eine gleichmäßige und konstante Energiequelle mit der neu entwickelten Energiesäule
Authors: Friedrich Thomas , Groh Sebastian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUm unsere Gebäude zukünftig zu klimatisieren, müssen wir erneuerbare Energien nutzen. Ein wichtiger Baustein auf dem Weg dorthin wird die Wärmepumpe sein. Diese nutzt als Energiequelle die verschiedenen Alternativen der erneuerbaren Energie. Die Leistungsfähigkeit der Wärmepumpe wird von der Temperaturdifferenz zwischen Quelle und Raumtemperatur bestimmt. Je geringer dieser Wert ausfällt, umso geringer ist der Stromverbrauch. Das vorgestellte Verfahren stellt eine Form von Zwischenspeicher zum Sammeln von Strahlungsenergie dar. Dabei wird die Temperatur in dem Speicher auf ein höheres Niveau als die Ausgangsquellen angehoben. Wird Wärmeenergie gebraucht, kann die Wärmepumpe immer auf eine Quelle mit hohem Temperaturniveau zurückgreifen. Die vorgestellte Energiesäule ist in der Lage, Energie aus Strahlung auf einem hohen Temperaturniveau einzusammeln. Die beiden zugehörigen Wärmespeicher bevorraten die erzeugte Wärmeenergie als Input für die Wärmepumpe im Heizfall. Sofern überschüssiger Strom vorhanden ist, wird das Temperaturniveau in den beiden Speichern angehoben.
Acoustic travel time tomography for simultaneous indoor air temperature and airflow measurements
Authors: Dokhanchi Najmeh Sadat , Vogel Albert , Völker Conrad 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDeveloping the technique of Acoustic travel time TOMography (ATOM) for monitoring the indoor air temperature and airflow measurements represents a significant breakthrough for modern buildings especially those prioritizing thermal comfort. While conventional measurement methods are limited to individual measuring points, ATOM technique can measure the climatic parameters’ distribution across the entire room with high spatial resolution utilizing sound velocity measurements along various propagation sound paths. This research outlines the ongoing development of the ATOM technique for simultaneous measuring the indoor air temperature and airflow velocity at the Department of Building Physics at the Bauhaus‐University Weimar. It presents both the challenges confronted and the solutions developed in establishing a straightforward measuring system that can optimally fulfil the requirements of the indoor climate projects.