bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pleuropulmonary blastoma: A report on 350 central pathology–confirmed pleuropulmonary blastoma cases by the International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry
Authors: Messinger Yoav H. , Stewart Douglas R. , Priest John R. , Williams Gretchen M. , Harris Anne K. , Schultz Kris Ann P. , Yang Jiandong , Doros Leslie , Rosenberg Philip S. , Hill D. Ashley , Dehner Louis P. 
Published: September 2014

BACKGROUNDPleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) has 3 subtypes on a tumor progression pathway ranging from type I (cystic) to type II (cystic/solid) and type III (completely solid). A germline mutation in DICER1 is the genetic cause in the majority of PPB cases.METHODSPatients confirmed to have PPB by central pathology review were included, and their clinical characteristics and outcomes were reported. Germline DICER1 mutations were sought with Sanger sequencing.RESULTSThere were 435 cases, and a central review confirmed 350 cases to be PPB; 85 cases (20%) were another entity. Thirty‐three percent of the 350 PPB cases were type I or type I regressed (type Ir), 35% were type II, and 32% were type III or type II/III. The median ages at diagnosis for type I, type II, and type III patients were 8, 35, and 41 months, respectively. The 5‐year overall survival (OS) rate for type I/Ir patients was 91%; all deaths in this group were due to progression to type II or III. OS was significantly better for type II versus type III (P = .0061); the 5‐year OS rates were 71% and 53%, respectively. Disease‐free survival (DFS) was also significantly better for type II versus type III (P = .0002); the 5‐year DFS rates were 59% and 37%, respectively. The PPB type was the strongest predictor of outcome. Metastatic disease at the diagnosis of types II and III was also an independent unfavorable prognostic factor. Sixty‐six percent of the 97 patients tested had a heterozygous germline DICER1 mutation. In this subset, the DICER1 germline mutation status was not related to the outcome.CONCLUSIONSCystic type I/Ir PPB has a better prognosis than type II, and type II has a better outcome than type III. Surveillance of DICER1 carriers may allow the earlier detection of cystic PPB before its progression to type II or III PPB and thereby improve outcomes. Cancer 2015;121:276–85. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Synthesis of 1,4:3,6‐Dianhydrohexitols Diesters from the Palladium‐Catalyzed Hydroesterification Reaction
Authors: Pruvost Romain , Boulanger Jérôme , Léger Bastien , Ponchel Anne , Monflier Eric , Ibert Mathias , Mortreux André , Chenal Thomas , Sauthier Mathieu 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe hydroesterification of alpha olefins has been used to synthesize diesters from bio‐based secondary diols: isosorbide, isomannide, and isoidide. The reaction was promoted by 0.2 % palladium catalyst generated in situ from palladium acetate/triphenylphosphine/para‐toluene sulfonic acid. Optimized reaction conditions allowed the selective synthesis of the diesters with high yields and the reaction conditions could be scaled up to the synthesis of hundred grams of diesters from isosorbide and 1‐octene with solvent‐free conditions.
Upgrading Carbon Dioxide by Incorporation into Heterocycles
Authors: Yu Bing , He Liang‐Nian 
Published: September 2014

AbstractCarbon dioxide is commonly regarded as the primary greenhouse gas, but from a synthetic standpoint can be utilized as an alternative and sustainable C1 synthon in organic synthesis rather than a waste. This results in the production of organic carbonates, carboxylic acids, and derivatives. Recently, CO2 has emerged as an appealing tool for heterocycle synthesis under mild conditions without using stoichiometric amounts of organometallic reducing reagents. This Minireview summarizes recent advances on methodologies for CO2 incorporation into N‐, O‐, and C‐nucleophiles to provide various heterocycles, including cyclic carbamates, benzoxazine‐2‐one, 4‐hydroxyquinolin‐2‐one, quinazoline‐2,4(1 H,3 H)‐diones, benzimidazolones, α‐alkylidene cyclic carbonate.
Different neural crest populations exhibit diverse proliferative behaviors
Authors: Gonsalvez David G. , Li‐Yuen‐Fong Mathew , Cane Kylie N. , Stamp Lincon A. , Young Heather M. , Anderson Colin R. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThe rate of proliferation of cells depends on the proportion of cycling cells and the frequency of cell division. Here, we describe in detail methods for quantifying the proliferative behavior of specific cell types in situ, and use the method to examine cell cycle dynamics in two neural crest derivatives—dorsal root ganglia (DRG) using frozen sections, and the enteric nervous system (ENS) using wholemount preparations. In DRG, our data reveal a significant increase in cell cycle length and a decrease in the number of cycling Sox10+ progenitor cells at E12.5–E13.5, which coincides with the commencement of glial cell generation. In the ENS, the vast majority of Sox10+ cells remain proliferative during embryonic development, with only relatively minor changes in cell cycle parameters. Previous studies have identified proliferating cells expressing neuronal markers in the developing ENS; our data suggest that most cells undergoing neuronal differentiation in the developing gut commence expression of neuronal markers during G2 phase of their last division. Combined with previous studies, our findings show that different populations of neural crest‐derived cells show tissue‐specific patterns of proliferation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 75: 287–301, 2015
In situ tagging technique for fishes provides insight into growth and movement of invasive lionfish
Authors: Akins John L. , Morris James A. , Green Stephanie J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractInformation on fish movement and growth is primarily obtained through the marking and tracking of individuals with external tags, which are usually affixed to anesthetized individuals at the surface. However, the quantity and quality of data obtained by this method is often limited by small sample sizes owing to the time associated with the tagging process, high rates of tagging‐related mortality, and displacement of tagged individuals from the initial capture location. To address these issues, we describe a technique for applying external streamer and dart tags in situ, which uses SCUBA divers to capture and tag individual fish on the sea floor without the use of anesthetic. We demonstrate this method for Indo‐Pacific lionfish (Pterois volitans/P. miles), species which are particularly vulnerable to barotrauma when transported to and handled at the surface. To test our method, we tagged 161 individuals inhabiting 26 coral reef locations in the Bahamas over a period of 3 years. Our method resulted in no instances of barotrauma, reduced handling and recovery time, and minimal post‐tagging release displacement compared with conventional ex situ tag application. Opportunistic resighting and recapture of tagged individuals reveals that lionfish exhibit highly variable site fidelity, movement patterns, and growth rates on invaded coral reef habitats. In total, 24% of lionfish were resighted between 29 and 188 days after tagging. Of these, 90% were located at the site of capture, while the remaining individuals were resighted between 200 m and 1.1 km from initial site of capture over 29 days later. In situ growth rates ranged between 0.1 and 0.6 mm/day. While individuals tagged with streamer tags posted slower growth rates with increasing size, as expected, there was no relationship between growth rate and fish size for individuals marked with dart tags, potentially because of large effects of tag presence on the activities of small bodied lionfish (i.e., <150 mm), where the tag was up to 7.6% of the lionfish's mass. Our study offers a novel in situ tagging technique that can be used to provide critical information on fish site fidelity, movement patterns, and growth in cases where ex situ tagging is not feasible.
Frequency of Upward Lightning Hits to Wind Turbines in Winter
Authors: Saito Mikihisa , Ishii Masaru , Ohnishi Atsushi , Fujii Fumiyuki , Matsui Michihiro , Natsuno Daisuke 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARYIn recent years, frequent damage to wind turbines by winter lightning has been reported in the region along the Sea of Japan. It is a serious finding that lightning hits concentrate on wind turbines in this region. The authors investigated the increase rate of the frequency of lightning hits on wind turbines due to wind turbine construction by using LLS (lightning location system) data. As a result, an experimental formula to estimate the increase rate of the frequency of lightning hits on wind turbines as a function of parameters related to the construction conditions, namely the height of wind turbines, the height above sea level, and the latitude, is proposed.
Using Naturally Cold Air and Snow for Data Center Air‐Conditioning and Humidity Control
Authors: Tsuda Kunikazu , Tano Shunichi , Ichino Junko 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARYReducing power consumption has become a worldwide concern. It is also becoming a more significant issue for computer systems, as reflected by the growing use of software‐as‐a‐service and cloud computing, whose markets have increased since 2000. At the same time, the number of data centers that accumulate and manage computers has increased rapidly. Power consumption at data centers accounts for a big share of the entirety of IT power usage, and is still increasing rapidly. The present research focuses on air conditioning, which accounts for the largest portion of electric power consumption in data centers, and proposes the development of a technique to lower the power consumption by using natural cool air and snow for temperature and humidity control. We verify the effectiveness of this approach through experiments. We also examine the extent to which energy reduction is possible when a data center is located in Hokkaido.
Electrochemical Aptasensor Based on Polycarboxylic Macrocycle Modified with Neutral Red for Aflatoxin B1 Detection
Authors: Evtugyn Gennady , Porfireva Anna , Stepanova Veronika , Sitdikov Rusal , Stoikov Ivan , Nikolelis Dimitrios , Hianik Tibor 
Published: September 2014

AbstractNovel electrochemical aptasensors based on glassy carbon electrodes modified with electropolymerized Neutral red and polycarboxylated macrocyclic ligands onto which the DNA aptamers were covalently attached have been developed for detection of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The interaction with an analyte resulted in the decrease of the cathodic peak current of the probe measured by CV and in the increase of the electron transfer resistance determined by EIS. The limit of detection was found to be 0.1 nM for CV and 0.05 nM for EIS methods, respectively. The aptasensor makes it possible to detect AFB1 in peanuts, cashew nuts, white wine and soy sauce with a recovery of 85–100 %.
Dietary exposure of BDE-47 and BDE-99 and effects on behavior, bioenergetics, and thyroid function in juvenile red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) and common snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina)
Authors: Eisenreich Karen M. , Rowe Christopher L. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Juvenile red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) and snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) were fed food dosed with brominated diphenyl ether-47 (BDE-47) or BDE-99 for 6 mo beginning approximately 9 mo posthatch. During the exposure period, measurements of growth, bioenergetics, and behavior were made; thyroid function and accumulation were quantified postexposure. Whole-body concentrations of both congeners were lower in red-eared sliders compared with snapping turtles after 6 mo of exposure. Snapping turtles receiving BDE-47 had significantly elevated standard metabolic rates after 3 mo and 4 mo of exposure (p = 0.014 and p = 0.019, respectively). When exposed to BDE-99, red-eared sliders were slower to right themselves after having been inverted (p &lt; 0.0001). Total glandular thyroxine concentrations were significantly reduced in red-eared sliders exposed to BDE-47 (mean control, 8080 ng/g; mean BDE-47, 5126 ng/g; p = 0.034). These results demonstrate that dietary exposure to BDE-47 and BDE-99 can elicit a suite of responses in 2 species of turtles, but that the red-eared slider appears to be a more sensitive species to the measured end points. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:2810–2817. © 2014 SETAC
Well‐differentiated thyroid cancer with aerodigestive tract invasion: Long‐term control and functional outcomes
Authors: Su Shirley Y. , Milas Zvonimir L. , Bhatt Neel , Roberts Dianna , Clayman Gary L. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundWell‐differentiated thyroid cancer (WDTC) invading the aerodigestive tract is an uncommon entity associated with significant morbidity and reduced survival.MethodsWe reviewed the surgical treatment, oncologic control, and functional outcomes of 69 consecutive patients with WDTC invading the upper aerodigestive tract.ResultsComplete tumor excision with negative margins was achieved in 62% of patients. Tracheostomy dependence (27%) and permanent hypoparathyroidism (49%) were present or the result of surgery. Seventy‐one percent of patients ate a regular diet, 59% had normal speech, and the majority (62%) reported normal activities of daily living. The local, regional, and distant recurrence was 1%, 14%, and 23%, respectively. The 5‐year overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) was 71% and 45%, respectively.ConclusionSurgical resection and appropriate adjuvant treatment can achieve excellent locoregional control while preserving function and quality of life. Long‐term survival is limited by the high incidence of distant metastasis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 72–78, 2016
Dynamic range of GSK3α not GSK3β is essential for bidirectional synaptic plasticity at hippocampal CA3‐CA1 synapses
Authors: Shahab Lion , Plattner Florian , Irvine Elaine E. , Cummings Damian M. , Edwards Frances A. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTGlycogen synthase kinase‐3 (GSK3), particularly the isoform GSK3β, has been implicated in a wide range of physiological systems and neurological disorders including Alzheimer's Disease. However, the functional importance of GSK3α has been largely untested. The multifunctionality of GSK3 limits its potential as a drug target because of inevitable side effects. Due to its greater expression in the CNS, GSK3β rather than GSK3α has also been assumed to be of primary importance in synaptic plasticity. Here, we investigate bidirectional long‐term synaptic plasticity in knockin mice with a point mutation in GSK3α or GSK3β that prevents their inhibitory regulation. We report that only the mutation in GSK3α affects long‐term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD). This stresses the importance of investigating isoform specificity for GSK3 in all systems and suggests that GSK3α should be investigated as a drug target in cognitive disorders including Alzheimer's Disease. © 2014 The Authors. Hippocampus Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hybrid Nanoreactors: Coupling Enzymes and Small‐Molecule Catalysts within Virus‐Like Particles
Authors: Patterson Dustin , Edwards Ethan , Douglas Trevor 
Published: September 2014

AbstractVirus‐like particles (VLPs) provide unique scaffolds for the construction of coupled catalytic systems by attachment and encapsulation of catalysts within their hollow interiors. The interior of VLPs provides an environment where catalysts of biological or synthetic origins can be confined, protected, and colocalized in close proximity with catalysts of different types. Herein, we utilize the P22VLP as a scaffold to construct a synthetic hybrid catalyst by attachment of a small organometallic catalyst to the interior colocalized with an encapsulated enzyme. This produces a complex and active coupled biomimetic catalyst system. By combining both enzymatic and synthetic catalysts together, new biologicalsynthetic hybrid materials can be produced that incorporate the best of both catalytic systems.
Commodity Price Volatility and the Sources of Growth
Authors: De V. Cavalcanti Tiago V. , Mohaddes Kamiar , Raissi Mehdi 
Published: September 2014

SummaryThis paper studies the impact of the growth and volatility of commodity terms of trade (CToT) on economic growth, total factor productivity, physical capital accumulation and human capital acquisition. We use the standard system generalized methods of moments (GMM) approach as well as the dynamic common correlated effects pooled mean group (CCEPMG) methodology for estimation to account for cross‐country heterogeneity, cross‐sectional dependence and feedback effects. Using both annual data for 1970–2007 and 5‐year non‐overlapping observations, we find that while CToT growth enhances real output per capita, CToT volatility exerts a negative impact on economic growth operating mainly through lower accumulation of physical and human capital. Productivity, however, is not affected by either the growth or the volatility of CToT. Our results also indicate that the negative growth effects of CToT volatility offset the positive impact of commodity booms. Therefore, we argue that volatility, rather than abundance per se, drives the ‘resource curse’ paradox. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physiological osmolarities do not enhance long‐term tissue synthesis in chondrocyte‐laden degradable poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels
Authors: Skaalure Stacey C. , Radhakrishnan Saikripa M. , Bryant Stephanie J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractEncapsulating chondrocytes in synthetic and degradable hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering enables tuning of scaffold degradation, but provides no biological cues. Culture medium that recapitulates the physiological osmolarity of the interstitial fluid in cartilage can enhance matrix synthesis in the short term, but long‐term benefits remain to be determined. This study investigates the long‐term effect of culture medium osmolarity on tissue synthesis using chondrocytes isolated from three skeletally mature bovine donors encapsulated in degradable poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels. The cell‐laden hydrogels were cultured up to 4 weeks in standard chondrocyte‐specific medium (330 mOsm) or medium adjusted by sucrose or salts (NaCl and KCl) to reach a physiological osmolarity (400 mOsm). Neocartilaginous matrix synthesis and matrix catabolism were evaluated by quantitative and immunofluorescence methods. Hydrogel degradation kinetics of acellular constructs were not affected by medium osmolarity or osmolyte. Matrix composition was predominantly aggrecan and collagen type II for all conditions. One day after encapsulation, total collagen accumulated in the constructs was increased by 80–90% in 400 mOsm medium, regardless of osmolyte. However, this effect did not persist, and at 4 weeks, total collagen synthesized and released to the medium was more than three times higher in 330 mOsm medium. Medium osmolarity had minimal effects on sulfated glycosaminoglycan content and did not affect catabolic activity. These findings suggest that culture medium at physiological osmolarities may not be beneficial for long‐term chondrocyte culture in degradable hydrogels, but that initially culturing chondrocytes at a higher osmolarity may enhance early tissue deposition. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 2186–2192, 2015.
A Novel Splice Mutation in PLS3 Causes X-linked Early Onset Low-Turnover Osteoporosis
Authors: Laine Christine M , Wessman Maija , Toiviainen-Salo Sanna , Kaunisto Mari A , Mäyränpää Mervi K , Laine Tero , Pekkinen Minna , Kröger Heikki , Välimäki Ville-Valtteri , Välimäki Matti J , Lehesjoki Anna-Elina , Mäkitie Outi 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

Genetic factors play an important role in the development of osteoporosis. Several monogenic forms of osteoporosis have been recognized, most recently an X-chromosomal form resulting from mutations in the gene encoding plastin 3 (PLS3). PLS3 is a protein involved in actin bundle formation in the cytoskeleton. We present a large family with early onset osteoporosis and X-linked inheritance. Phenotyping was performed on 19 family members and whole-exome sequencing on 7 family members (5 with a diagnosis of early onset osteoporosis and 2 with normal bone parameters). Osteoporosis had its onset in childhood and was characterized by recurrent peripheral fractures, low bone mineral density (BMD), vertebral compression fractures, and significant height loss in adulthood. Males were in general more severely affected than females. Bone histomorphometry findings in 4 males and 1 female showed severe trabecular osteoporosis, low amount of osteoid, and decreased mineral apposition rate, indicating impaired bone formation; resorption parameters were increased in some. All affected subjects shared a single base substitution (c.73-24T &gt; A) in intron 2 of PLS3 on Xq23. The mutation, confirmed by Sanger sequencing, segregated according to the skeletal phenotype. The mutation introduces a new acceptor splice site with a predicted splice score of 0.99 and, thereby, as confirmed by cDNA sequencing, induces the insertion of 22 bases between exons 2 and 3, causing a frameshift and premature termination of mRNA translation (p.Asp25Alafs*17). The mutation affects the first N-terminal calcium-binding EF-hand domain and abolishes all calcium- and actin-binding domains of the protein. Our results confirm the role of PLS3 mutations in early onset osteoporosis. The mechanism whereby PLS3 affects bone health is unclear, but it may be linked to osteocyte dendrite function and skeletal mechanosensing. Future studies are needed to elucidate the role of PLS3 in osteoporosis and to define optimal treatment. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Development of a protein nanoparticle platform for targeting EGFR expressing cancer cells
Authors: Buecheler Jakob W. , Howard Christopher B. , de Bakker Christopher J. , Goodall Stephen , Jones Martina L. , Win Thinzar , Peng Tao , Tan Cher Heng , Chopra Akhil , Mahler Stephen M. , Lim Sierin 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDA range of protein‐based nanoparticles has been developed for cancer drug delivery and diagnostics. This includes the E2 protein derived from the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in Geobacillus stearothermophilus which assembles into a 60‐subunit protein cage structure that is capable of encapsulating cancer therapeutics. In this study antibody fragments targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were tethered to the surface of E2 protein nanoparticles to determine whether the protein nanoparticles could be specifically targeted to EGFR overexpressing cancer cells.RESULTSVariants of the anti‐EGFR antibody fragment and the E2 protein containing specific cysteine residues (E2ΔN17A186C) were conjugated using a maleimide‐specific crosslinker. Electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis indicated that the cysteine modified E2 protein correctly assembled into a 25–30 nm particle. The conjugation of the anti‐EGFR antibody fragment (26 kDa) with a subunit of the E2 protein (26 kDa) was confirmed by mass spectrometry with an estimated molecular weight of 52 kDa. The binding of the conjugated E2 particle to native EGFR on MDA MB 231 cells and recombinant EGFR was confirmed using flow cytometry and biolayer interferometry, respectively.CONCLUSIONSIn this study, proof‐of‐principle that an EGFR‐targeting scFv can be stably conjugated to the cysteine variant E2ΔN17A186C protein nanoparticle without loss of targeting capability has been demonstrated. Conceptually scFv antibody fragments reactive with other important cancer targets could be utilized and presents the opportunity for generation of multi‐targeted protein nanoparticles by conjugating various scFvs with different specificities on the same particle. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry