bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cadmium, mercury, zinc and selenium in ringed seals (<i>Phoca hispida</i>) from Greenland and Svalbard
Authors: Dietz Run , Paludan-Müller Paul , Agger Carsten Thye , Nielsen Christian Overgaard 
Published: July 2014

Muscle, liver, and kidney tissue from 456 ringed seals (Phoca hispida) from eight areas in Greenland were analysed for cadmium, mercury, zinc and selenium. In general, cadmium concentrations were high in liver and kidney tissue, with geometric means of 7.79 and 33.5 μg/g (all data on wet weight basis), respectively. Muscle levels were considerably lower, at 0.067 μg/g. The concentration of mercury was relatively high in liver tissue with a geometric mean of 2.59 μg/g. Muscle and kidney mercury levels were somewhat lower, with geometric means of 0.210 and 0.956 μg/g, respectively.Cadmium and mercury levels were strongly dependent upon age and sampling area, as well as the interaction combinations, indicating that the accumulation of cadmium and mercury varies with age and area. Mercury accumulated in all three tissues throughout life, whereas cadmium in liver and kidneys peaked in the age group 5-10 years old where after it dropped significantly.Cadmium levels showed a tendency towards higher concentrations in the northern municipalities, which may be due to the higher cadmium levels in certain prey items in the northern areas. Mercury levels were higher in seals from East Greenland compared to West Greenland. Variations in feeding habits probably explain some of the differences in levels of cadmium and mercury in ringed seals from different geographical areas.Cadmium concentrations were correlated (both pairwise and partial) in the three organs. This was true for mercury as well, whereas only half of the combinations were significant for zinc and selenium. Cadmium was strongly correlated to mercury in all three tissues and zinc only in liver and kidneys. Mercury was only correlated to selenium in liver and not to zinc.High concentrations of cadmium were found in the bile from 58 ringed seals, and were about 10-fold higher than in muscle. The concentration of mercury in bile was relatively low, being only one third of the muscle level. The bile levels reflect that substantial amounts of especially cadmium are circulated through the bile. However, it is uncertain whether these amounts are actually excreted or reabsorbed in the intestine (enterohepatic circulation).
The bird's ear view of space physics: Audification as a tool for the spectral analysis of time series data
Authors: Alexander Robert L. , O'Modhrain Sile , Roberts D. Aaron , Gilbert Jason A. , Zurbuchen Thomas H. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe effective navigation, mining, and analysis of large time series data sets presents a recurring challenge throughout heliophysics. Audification, a specific form of auditory analysis commonly used in other fields of research (such as geoseismology), provides a promising technique for the evaluation of spectral features in long heliospheric time series data sets. Following a standard research methodology for the development of new analysis techniques, this paper presents a detailed case study in which audification was introduced into the working process of an experienced heliophysics research scientist and used for the identification and classification of features in high‐resolution magnetometer data during a structured analysis task. Auditory evaluation successfully led to the detection of artificial, instrument‐induced noise that was not previously observed by the scientist and also the identification of wave activity embedded within turbulent solar wind data. A follow‐up interview indicated that the scientist continued using these auditory analysis methods in the assessment of every large data set during the 2 months after the study was completed. These findings indicate that audification can be valuable and enabling for researchers in forming a deeper understanding of both microstructures and macrostructures within large time series. Additionally, as both a standalone methodology and a supplement to visual analysis methods, audification can expedite certain stages of the data survey, analysis, and mining process and provide new qualitative insight into the spectral content of time‐varying signals.
The geocoronal H α cascade component determined from geocoronal H β intensity measurements
Authors: Roesler F. L. , Mierkiewicz E. J. , Nossal S. M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractGeocoronal H α and H β intensity measurements using the Wisconsin H α Mapper Fabry‐Perot are used to determine the intensity of the H α cascade component. From basic atomic physics and the work of Meier (), we show that the total cascade in geocoronal H α emission is 0.52 ± 0.03 times the geocoronal H β intensity, I(H β), for solar Lyman series excitation of geocoronal hydrogen. The results are consistent with the H α cascade measurements of Mierkiewicz et al. (), which were determined directly from the analysis of H α line profile measurements, and significantly narrow the range of uncertainty in the cascade measurement. Accounting for cascade is essential in determining exospheric effective temperatures and dynamics from the shape of the geocoronal H α line.
Null‐space‐based optimal control reallocation for spacecraft stabilization under input saturation
Authors: Li Bo , Hu Qinglei , Qi Juntong 
Published: July 2014

SummaryA novel saturated proportional‐derivative control incorporated with null‐space‐based optimal control reallocation is proposed for spacecraft attitude stabilization in the presence of disturbance and input saturation. More specifically, a saturated proportional‐derivative based baseline nonlinear controller is firstly developed to guarantee the globally asymptotic stability under input constraints and external disturbance. This is achieved with inexpensive online computations by dynamically adjusting a single parameter to ensure the desired performance. Then, a novel null‐space‐based optimal control reallocation method is employed to map the specified virtual control command to the redundant actuators. The optimal control solution is obtained by penalizing the control allocation errors at a lower power/energy cost using quadratic programming algorithm. The benefits of the proposed control method are analytically authenticated and also validated via simulation study. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contribution of body composition components and soft‐tissue biochemical factors to genetic variation of body mass index (BMI) in an ethnically homogeneous population
Authors: Dosaev Tasbulat , Prakash Jai , Livshits Gregory 
Published: July 2014

ObjectivesElevated BMI results from an excess of not only fat mass (FM) but also fat‐free soft tissue mass (FFM). Both components of body soft tissue, FM, and FFM, are now considered as active endocrine organs. The major aim of this study was to explore the genetic architecture of BMI, considering genetic variations of its major soft tissue components, and the main biochemical factors associated with their corresponding metabolism: leptin, adiponectin, E‐selectin, and insulin‐like growth factor binding protein, IGFBP‐1.MethodsA total of 1,502 apparently healthy individuals (783 men, 719 women) from 359 ethnically homogeneous families were assessed anthropometrically for body composition. Model‐based quantitative genetic analyses were implemented to reveal genetic and shared environmental factors affecting the variation and covariation of the studied phenotypes.ResultsWe found that inter‐individual variation in BMI is strongly correlated with both body composition components (r > 0.92, P < 0.001). These correlations are caused by shared genetic and environmental factors that were interpreted to be a direct result of the intimate genetic and environmental correlations between FM and FFM. The latter were also significantly correlated with leptin, E‐selectin, and IGFBP‐1. However, whereas leptin displayed both genetic and environmental correlations with both FM and FFM, their correlations with E‐selectin were caused only by common genes, and with IGFBP‐1—only by a shared environment.ConclusionsThis study clearly suggests that FM and FFM contributed almost equally to BMI variation, and provides evidence that this contribution is caused by common genetic as well as shared environmental and metabolic factors. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 26:760–767, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Egg drift and hatching success in European river lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis: is egg deposition in gravel vital to spawning success?
Authors: Silva Sergio , Gooderham Angela , Forty Michael , Morland Brian , Lucas Martyn C. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

The European river lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758) is a threatened species, formerly widespread throughout western Europe, for which loss and degradation of habitat is one of the main causes of decline. As with other lamprey species, areas of gravel substrate with moderate flows are considered necessary for spawning and egg development of river lamprey.
This study investigated the dispersal of river lamprey eggs downstream of a spawning area and the hatching success of eggs in the laboratory under a range of potential abiotic conditions (substrate type, water flow and dissolved oxygen level) which eggs could experience in nature.
Lamprey eggs were found to drift for a minimum of 50 m downstream of spawning excavations, facilitating dispersal in riffle habitat and to bankside depositional zones. Under conditions mimicking natural microhabitats, but without predation, median egg hatching success was 85.0% in 'spawning habitat' conditions, but surprisingly, was 50.2% in 'larval habitat' conditions with natural silt.
The study suggests that egg dispersal out of spawning excavations may be common in this species and demonstrates that habitat located downstream of spawning areas, even larval habitat characterized by fine sediment and moderate to low flow rates, could play an important role in larval recruitment. This suggests that even small areas of gravel or degraded spawning habitat may enable a higher degree of spawning success than has previously been assumed to be necessary for conservation or recolonization of this species.
Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Highly sensitive fluorescence and SERS detection of azide through a simple click reaction of 8‐chloroquinoline and phenylacetylene
Authors: Zeng Qing , Ye Lingling , Ma Lu , Yin Wenqing , Li Tingsheng , Liang Aihui , Jiang Zhiliang 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn 0.19 mol/L acetic acid (HAc), a click reaction of 8‐chloroquinoline/azide/phenylacetylene take places in aqueous solution without Cu(I) as a catalyst. 8‐Chloroquinoline (CQN) exhibited a strong fluorescence peak at 430 nm that was quenched linearly as the concentration of azide increased from 20 to 1000 ng/mL. This quenching was due to consumption of CQN in the click reaction and a decrease in the number of efficiently excited photons due to the presence of triazole–quinoline ramification molecules with strong hydrophobicity. Using blue nanosilver sol as the substrate, CQN absorbed onto the surface of nanosilver particles, showing a strong surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) peak at 1585 cm‐1 that decreased linearly as the azide concentration increased from 8 to 500 ng/mL; the detection limit was 4 ng/mL. Thus, two new, simple and sensitive fluorescence and SERS methods have been developed for the determination of azide via the click reaction. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evolution and Reactivity of Active Oxygen Species on sp2@sp3 Core–Shell Carbon for the Oxidative Dehydrogenation Reaction
Authors: Sun Xiaoyan , Wang Rui , Zhang Bingsen , Huang Rui , Huang Xing , Su Dang Sheng , Chen Tong , Miao Changxi , Yang Weimin 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDifferent sp2@sp3 core–shell structures are obtained on nanodiamond by using annealing treatment at increasingly higher temperatures. The resulting nanocarbons can serve as model catalysts to investigate the structural effect on the evolution and chemical nature of oxygen functional groups for oxidative dehydrogenation reactions. We studied in situ reactions and characterization data and found that the initial existence of oxygen‐containing groups on a catalyst surface had a low contribution to the catalytic performance. The active oxygen species can be generated promptly in situ by the chemisorption of O2 under the reaction conditions and involved in catalytic dehydrogenation process following a redox mechanism. For different hybridized nanostructures, the same types of generated active oxygen groups show different catalytic capabilities, which can be regulated by the sp2‐hybridized carbon fraction of nanodiamond. The ketonic carbonyl groups formed on graphitic onion‐like carbon surface are more active and can improve the selectivity to alkenes significantly compared with the initial nanodiamond and traditional carbon nanotubes.
Analogies and Differences in Palladium‐Catalyzed CO/Styrene and Ethylene/Methyl Acrylate Copolymerization Reactions
Authors: Rosar Vera , Meduri Angelo , Montini Tiziano , Fini Francesco , Carfagna Carla , Fornasiero Paolo , Balducci Gabriele , Zangrando Ennio , Milani Barbara 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe catalytic CO/styrene and ethylene/methyl acrylate copolymerizations are compared for the first time by applying the same precatalysts. With this aim, PdII neutral, [Pd(CH3)Cl(N–N)], and monocationic, [Pd(CH3)(L)(N–N)][PF6] (L=CH3CN, DMSO), complexes with 1‐naphthyl‐ and 2‐naphthyl‐substitued α‐diimines with both an acenaphthene and a diazabutadiene skeleton as chelating nitrogen‐donor ligands (N–N) have been studied. In the case of the complexes with the 1‐naphthyl‐substituted ligands, syn and anti isomers are found both in solid state and in solution. All the monocationic complexes generate active catalysts for the CO/styrene copolymerization leading to atactic or isotactic/atactic stereoblock copolymers depending on the ligand bonded to palladium. Instead, in the case of the ethylene/methyl acrylate copolymerization only the complexes with the 1‐naphthyl‐substituted ligands generate catalysts for this reaction.
Iridium‐Catalyzed H/D Exchange: Ligand Complexes with Improved Efficiency and Scope
Authors: Parmentier Michael , Hartung Thomas , Pfaltz Andreas , Muri Dieter 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHydrogen isotope exchange (HIE) is one of the most attractive tools for the introduction of deuterium or tritium to an organic compound. Herein, iridium complexes with N,P‐ligands, highly active catalysts for asymmetric double bond reductions, have been tested for their HIE capabilities. Electron‐rich ligands, containing dicyclohexylphosphines or phosphinites, have been identified as excellent ligands for efficient deuterium incorporation. Substrates with strong directing groups, that is, pyridines, ketones, and amides, as well as weak ligating units, such as, nitro, sulfones, and sulfonamides, could be labeled efficiently. With the addition of tris(pentafluorophenyl) borane to the reaction mixture, also highly deactivating nitrile substituents were well tolerated in the reaction. Based on the excellent results obtained with the chiral ThrePhox ligand, a structurally simpler, achiral ligand was developed. The iridium complex containing this ligand, proved to be a powerful catalyst for HIE reactions.
Highly Functionalized and Potent Antiviral Cyclopentane Derivatives Formed by a Tandem Process Consisting of Organometallic, Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed, and Radical Reaction Steps
Authors: Jagtap Pratap R. , Ford Leigh , Deister Elmar , Pohl Radek , Císařová Ivana , Hodek Jan , Weber Jan , Mackman Richard , Bahador Gina , Jahn Ullrich 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA simple modular tandem approach to multiply substituted cyclopentane derivatives is reported, which succeeds by joining organometallic addition, conjugate addition, radical cyclization, and oxygenation steps. The key steps enabling this tandem process are the thus far rarely used isomerization of allylic alkoxides to enolates and single‐electron transfer to merge the organometallic step with the radical and oxygenation chemistry. This controlled lineup of multiple electronically contrasting reactive intermediates provides versatile access to highly functionalized cyclopentane derivatives from very simple and readily available commodity precursors. The antiviral activity of the synthesized compounds was screened and a number of compounds showed potent activity against hepatitis C and dengue viruses.
Synthesis of meso‐Pyrrole‐Substituted 22‐Oxacorroles by a “3+2” Approach
Authors: Kalita Hemanta , Kalita Dhrubajyoti , Lee Way‐Zen , Bellare Jayesh , Ravikanth Mangalampalli 
Published: July 2014

AbstractUnsymmetrical 22‐oxacorrole containing two aryl groups and one pyrrole group at the meso position was synthesized by condensing one equivalent of 16‐oxatripyrrane with one equivalent of meso aryl dipyromethane under mild acid‐catalyzed conditions followed by oxidation with 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone (DDQ). This [3+2] condensation approach was expected to yield meso‐free 25‐oxasmaragdyrin but unexpectedly afforded unsymmetrical meso‐pyrrole‐substituted 22‐oxacorrole. We demonstrated the versatility of the reaction by synthesizing four new meso‐pyrrole‐substituted 22‐oxacorroles. The reactivity of α‐position of meso‐pyrrole was tested by carrying out various functionalization reactions such as bromination, formylation, and nitration and obtained the functionalized meso‐pyrrole‐substituted 22‐oxacorroles in decent yields. The X‐ray structure obtained for one of the functionalized meso‐pyrrole substituted 22‐oxacorrole revealed that the macrocycle was nearly planar and the meso‐pyrrole was in the perpendicular orientation with respect to the macrocyclic plane. The meso‐pyrrole‐substituted 22‐oxacorroles absorb strongly in 400–700 nm region with one strong Soret band and four weak Q bands. The 22‐oxacorroles are strongly fluorescent and showed emission maxima at ≈650 nm with decent quantum yields and singlet‐state lifetimes. The 22‐oxacorroles are redox‐active and exhibited three irreversible oxidations and one or two reversible reduction(s). A preliminary biological study indicated that meso‐pyrrole corroles are biocompatible.
ChemInform Abstract: The Long Persistent Luminescence Properties of Phosphors: Li2ZnGeO4 and Li2ZnGeO4:Mn2+.
Authors: Jin Yahong , Hu Yihua , Duan He , Chen Li , Wang Xiaojuan 
Published: July 2014

AbstractLi2Zn1‐xGeO4:xMn2+ (x = 0, 0.0025, 0.005, 0.01, 0.015, 0.02) phosphors are prepared by solid state reactions of stoichiometric mixtures of Li2CO3, ZnO, MnCO3, and GeO2 (alumina crucibles, 1200 °C, 4 h).
ChemInform Abstract: New Layered Copper Hydroxide with S = 1/2 Two‐Dimensional Triangular Lattice Magnetic Network, [Cu7(OH)12 (CH3CH2CO2)2] · (CH3CH2CO2H)2· (H2O)6.
Authors: Fujita Wataru , Kikuchi Koichi 
Published: July 2014

AbstractLight blue plate‐like single crystals of the title compound are prepared by hydrolysis of an aqueous solution of (Et‐COO)2Cu·H2O (35—45 °C, 14 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Zr4+ Doping in Li4Ti5O12 Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Open Li+ Diffusion Paths Through Structural Imperfection.
Authors: Jeong Goojin , et al. et al. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractZr‐doped Li4Ti5O12 nanofibers, obtained by electrospinning from EtOH/AcOH solutions containing LiOAc, Ti(O‐iPr)4, Zr(O‐Bu)4, and polyvinylpyrrolidone, are characterized by FESEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, plane‐wave self‐consistent field quantum chemical calculations, and electrochemical measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible‐Light‐Induced Photoredox Catalysis with a Tetracerium‐Containing Silicotungstate.
Authors: Suzuki Kosuke , Tang Fei , Kikukawa Yuji , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Mizuno Noritaka 
Published: July 2014

Abstract(Bu4N)6 [{Ce(H2O)}2{Ce(MeCN)}2 (μ4‐O)(γ‐SiW10O36)2] ·4H2O is synthesized by reaction of (Bu4N)4H4 [γ‐SiW10O36] with Ce(acac)3 in acetone in the presence of p‐toluenesulfonic acid (25 °C, 5 h, 92% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Nickel Selenate Templated by Piperazine: Chemical Preparation, Crystal Structure, Thermal Decomposition, and Magnetic Properties.
Authors: Nkhili Nouha Loulou , Rekik Walid , Naili Houcine 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSingle crystals of (H2pip) [Ni(H2O)6](SeO4)2 (pip: piperazine) are prepared by slow evaporation of an aqueous solution of NiCO3, piperazine, and H2SeO4 in a 1:1:2 molar ratio.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Syntheses of Korupensamines A, B and Michellamine B by Asymmetric Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Xu Guangqing , Fu Wenzhen , Liu Guodu , Senanayake Chris H. , Tang Wenjun 
Published: July 2014

AbstractApplication of this method is demonstrated by the total synthesis of both isomers of Korupensamine (XIII) with inverse axial chirality and the heterodimerization product Michellamine (XIV).
ChemInform Abstract: Lanthanum Triflate—Catalyzed Rapid Oxidation of Secondary Alcohols Using Hydrogen Peroxide Urea Adduct (UHP) in Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Saluja Pooja , Magoo Devanshi , Khurana Jitender M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA mild, efficient and green procedure for the oxidation of a variety of 1,2‐diols, α‐hydroxyketones, and aromatic as well as aliphatic secondary alcohols to corresponding ketones is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel C1‐Symmetric Dibenzophosphole Ligands: Application in Hydroformylation Reactions.
Authors: Oukhrib Abdelhouad , Bonnafoux Laurence , Panossian Armen , Waifang Sandrine , Nguyen Duc Hanh , Urrutigoity Martine , Colobert Francoise , Gouygou Maryse , Leroux Frederic R. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA series of dibenzophosphole ligands are screened for Rh‐catalyzed hydroformylation reactions of styrenes and 1‐octene.
ChemInform Abstract: Advancing the Reactivity of Dimethylcyclopropane‐1,1‐dicarboxylates via Cross Metathesis.
Authors: Vriesen Matt R. , Grover Huck K. , Kerr Michael A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCross metathesis of title substrates (I) with a variety of olefins gives the corresponding E‐vinylcyclopropane derivatives as main or sole products.
ChemInform Abstract: (EtO)3SiH‐Promoted Palladium‐Catalyzed Isomerization of Olefins: Convenient Synthesis of Internal Alkenes from Terminal Alkenes.
Authors: Bai Xing‐Feng , Song Tao , Deng Wen‐Hui , Wei Yun‐Long , Li Li , Xia Chun‐Gu , Xu Li‐Wen 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTriethoxysilane plays a key role in the palladium‐catalyzed isomerization of terminal alkenes (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Platinum N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Nanoparticles as New and Effective Catalysts for the Selective Hydrogenation of Nitroaromatics.
Authors: Lara Patricia , Suarez Andres , Colliere Vincent , Philippot Karine , Chaudret Bruno 
Published: July 2014

AbstractFunctional groups such as hydroxy, benzyloxy, carbonyl, cyano, and halogens are tolerated under the present reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Robust Heterogeneous Nickel Catalysts with Tailored Porosity for the Selective Hydrogenolysis of Aryl Ethers.
Authors: Zaheer Muhammad , Hermannsdoerfer Justus , Kretschmer Winfried P. , Motz Guenter , Kempe Rhett 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSiC materials with tailored porosity and integrated Ni‐nanoparticles are synthesized and their catalytic activity for the hydrogenolytic cleavage of different phenyl ethers is examined.
ChemInform Abstract: Chloro‐Ruthenium Complexes with Carbonyl and N‐(Aryl)pyridine‐2‐aldimines as Ancillary Ligands. Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Application in C—C Cross‐Coupling of Arylaldehydes with Arylboronic Acids.
Authors: Dey Bikash Kali , Dutta Jayita , Drew Michael G. B. , Bhattacharya Samaresh 
Published: July 2014

AbstractFive new ruthenium complexes are synthesized and their structural characterization is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Pd/Au‐Catalyzed Route to α‐Sulfenylated Carbonyl Compounds from Terminal Propargylic Alcohols and Thiols.
Authors: Biswas Srijit , Watile Rahul A. , Samec Joseph S. M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe reaction is proposed to proceed through a Pd‐catalyzed regioselective hydrothiolation at the terminal triple bond followed by an Au‐catalyzed 1,2‐hydride migration.