bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal Terminal Iterative Learning Control for the Automatic Train Stop System
Authors: Jin Shangtai , Hou Zhongsheng , Chi Ronghu 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe train stop control is a typical set‐point control task, where only the final state (i.e., the terminal train stop position) is of concern and specified. For such a control problem, an optimal terminal iterative learning control (TILC) approach is presented in this paper, where the stopping position and initial braking speed are chosen as the terminal system output and the control input, respectively. The controller design only depends on the measured input/output (I/O) data without requiring any modeling information of the train operation system, and the learning gain is updated by the system I/O data iteratively to accommodate the system uncertainties. The monotonic convergence of the terminal tracking error is guaranteed by rigorous mathematical analysis. Extensive simulation results are provided to show the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Kidney graft outcome using an anti-Xa therapeutic strategy in an experimental model of severe ischaemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Tillet S , Giraud S , Delpech P O , Thuillier R , Ameteau V , Goujon J M , Renelier B , Macchi L , Hauet T , Mauco G 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

Background
Deceased after cardiac death donors represent an important source of organs to reduce organ shortage in transplantation. However, these organs are subjected to more ischaemia–reperfusion injury (IRI). Reducing IRI by targeting coagulation is studied here in an experimental model.

Methods
The effect of an anti-Xa compound (fondaparinux) was evaluated using an autotransplanted kidney model in pigs. Kidneys were clamped for 60 min (warm ischaemia) and then preserved for 24 h at 4°C in University of Wisconsin solution (UW). The anti-Xa compound was injected intravenously before warm ischaemia and used during cold storage, and its effects were compared with those of intravenous injection of unfractionated heparin (UFH) before warm ischaemia and use during cold storage, or use of UW alone during cold storage.

Results
At 3 months after transplantation, anti-Xa treatment improved recovery of renal function and chronic serum creatinine levels compared with UW and UFH (mean(s.e.m.) 89(4), 250(4) and 217(8) µmol/l respectively). The anti-Xa treatment also reduced fibrosis, and decreased tissue expression of markers of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition compared with UW and UFH. Cleaved protease-activated receptor 2 was overexpressed in the UW group compared with the anti-Xa and UFH groups. Leucocyte infiltrates were decreased in the anti-Xa group compared with the UW and UFH groups. Macrophage invasion was also decreased by anticoagulation treatment.

Conclusion
Peritransplant anticoagulation therapy was beneficial to graft outcome, in both the acute and chronic phases. Moreover, specific inhibition of coagulation Xa protease further protected kidney grafts, with better recovery and decreased expression of chronic lesion markers. Surgical relevanceThe increasing use of marginal donors highlights the importance of organ quality in transplantation. Renal ischaemia–reperfusion injury (IRI), which includes a deleterious activation of coagulation, plays a central role in determining graft quality and outcome.Using an established porcine renal autotransplantation preclinical model with high clinical relevance, the benefits of anticoagulation therapy using an antifactor Xa molecule were evaluated. Peritransplantion anticoagulation treatment, specifically with an anti-Xa compound, protected marginal kidney grafts, improving functional recovery and reducing chronic lesions.This study demonstrates the benefits of anticoagulation therapy at the time of organ collection, particularly for marginal organs, encountered in cases of extended criteria and deceased after circulatory death donors. This anticoagulation strategy could be an important addition to current donor and organ management protocols in order to limit IRI and improve outcome.
Toxicological screening of human plasma by on‐line SPE‐HPLC‐DAD: identification and quantification of basic drugs and metabolites
Authors: Mut Ludmila , Grobosch Thomas , Binscheck‐Domaß Torsten , Frenzel Wolfgang 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAn automated multi‐analyte screening method for the identification and quantification of 92 drugs and metabolites based on on‐line solid‐phase extraction–high‐performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection technique was developed and successfully validated. In addition, a database with 870 entries including UV‐spectra, relative/retention times and response factors of toxicologically relevant compounds was created. Plasma samples (0.2 mL) were treated with methanol, diluted with buffer and on‐line extracted (Strata X, 20 ×2 mm, 25 µm) at pH 9. Analytical separation was carried out on a Gemini NX column (150 ×4.6 mm, 3 µm) using gradient elution with acetonitrile–water (90:10,v/v) and 0.05 m potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 2.3). Linear calibration curves with correlation coefficients ≥0.9950 were obtained for 78 analytes. As an additional benefit, the newly developed method allows the quantification of 42 analytes (e.g. antidepressants, neuroleptics and anticonvulsants) in a concentration range suitable for therapeutic drug monitoring. Limits of quantitation ranged from 0.02 mg/L (chlordiazepoxide) to 3.4 mg/L (mexiletine). Inter‐ and intra‐day precisions of quality control samples (low/high) were better than 15% (zolpidem) and accuracy (bias) ranged from −11% (opipramol, venlafaxine) to 11% (venlafaxine, trazodone). Tests for carry‐over and sample stability under different storage conditions were also performed and stability was adequate. Four cases of poisoning analysis are presented. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toxic epidermal necrolysis and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a case report and literature review
Authors: Sniderman Jonathan D. S. , Cuvelier Geoff D. E. , Veroukis Stasa , Hansen Gregory 
Published: November 2014

Key Clinical MessageDiagnostic criteria for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis should be reviewed early in critically ill patients with toxic epidermal necrolysis, multisystem dysfunction, and a deteriorating clinical trajectory.
Supramolecular Recognition Influences Magnetism in [X@HVIV8VV14O54]6− Self‐Assemblies with Symmetry‐Breaking Guest Anions
Authors: Yu. Monakhov Kirill , Linnenberg Oliver , Kozłowski Piotr , van Leusen Jan , Besson Claire , Secker Tim , Ellern Arkady , López Xavier , Poblet Josep M. , Kögerler Paul 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMixed‐valence polyoxovanadates(IV/V) have emerged as one of the most intricate class of supramolecular all‐inorganic host species, able to encapsulate a wide variety of smaller guest templates during their self‐assembly formation process. As showcased herein, the incorporation of guests, though governed solely by ultra‐weak electrostatic and van der Waals interactions, can cause drastic effects on the electronic and magnetic characteristics of the shell complex of the polyoxovanadate. We address the question of methodology for the magnetochemical analysis of virtually isostructural {VIV/V22O54}‐type polyoxoanions of D2d symmetry enclosing diamagnetic VO2F2− (C2v), SCN− (C∞v), or ClO4− (Td) template anions. These induce different polarization effects related to differences in their geometric structures, symmetry, ion radii, and valence shells, eventually resulting in a supramolecular modulation of magnetic exchange between the V(3d) electrons that are partly delocalized over the {V22O54} shells. We also include the synthesis and characterization of the novel [VVO2F2@HVIV8VV14O54]6− system that comprises the rarely encountered discrete difluorovanadate anion as a quasi‐isolated guest species.
ATRP/OMRP/CCT Interplay in Styrene Polymerization Mediated by Iron(II) Complexes: A DFT Study of the α‐Diimine System
Authors: Poli Rinaldo , Shaver Michael P. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA DFT study of various model systems has addressed the interference of catalytic chain transfer (CCT) as a function of the R2 substituent in the atom‐transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene catalyzed by [FeCl2(R1NC(R2)C(R2)NR1)] complexes. All model systems used R1=CH3 in place of the experimental Cy and tBu substituents and 1‐phenylethyl in place of the polystyrene (PS) chain. A mechanistic investigation of 1) ATRP activation, 2) radical trapping in organometallic‐mediated radical polymerization (OMRP), and 3) pathways to the hydride CCT intermediate was conducted with a simplified system with R2=H. This study suggests that CCT could occur by direct hydrogen‐atom transfer without any activation barrier. Further analysis of more realistic models with R2=p‐C6H4F or p‐C6H4NMe2 suggests that the electronic effect of the aryl para substituents significantly alters the ATRP activation barrier. Conversely, the hydrogen‐atom‐transfer barrier is essentially unaffected. Thus, the greater ATRP catalytic activity of the p‐NMe2 system makes the background CCT process less significant. The DFT study also compares the [FeCl2(R1NC(R2)C(R2)NR1)] systems with a diaminobis(phenolato) derivative for which the CCT process shows even greater accessibility but has less incidence because of faster ATRP chain growth and interplay with a more efficient OMRP trapping. The difference between the two systems is attributed to destabilization of the FeII catalyst by the geometric constraints of the tetradentate diaminobis(phenolato) ligand.
Taming Hazardous Chemistry in Flow: The Continuous Processing of Diazo and Diazonium Compounds
Authors: Deadman Benjamin J. , Collins Stuart G. , Maguire Anita R. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe synthetic utilities of the diazo and diazonium groups are matched only by their reputation for explosive decomposition. Continuous processing technology offers new opportunities to make and use these versatile intermediates at a range of scales with improved safety over traditional batch processes. In this minireview, the state of the art in the continuous flow processing of reactive diazo and diazonium species is discussed.
Functional Carbazole Liquid‐Crystal Block Codendrimers with Optical and Electronic Properties
Authors: Gracia Ismael , Feringán Beatriz , Serrano José Luis , Termine Roberto , Golemme Attilio , Omenat Ana , Barberá Joaquín 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe synthesis and characterisation of a family of block codendrimers consisting of highly versatile mesogenic and carbazole‐containing 2,2‐bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid (bis‐MPA) dendrons are reported. The liquid‐crystal behaviour was investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry, polarised‐light optical microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. Depending on the chemical structure of the constituent dendrons, the codendrimers show lamellar or columnar mesophases. On the basis of the experimental results, models both at the molecular level and in the mesophase are proposed. The physical properties of the block codendrimers derived from the presence of the carbazole moiety in their structure were investigated: photoluminescence in solution and in the mesophase, electrochemical behaviour and hole transport. Electrodeposition of carbazole dendrons afforded a globular supramolecular conformation in which the mesogenic molecular side plays a key role.
A Simple Method for Resolution ofEndo‐/Exo‐Monoesters ofTrans‐Norborn‐5‐Ene‐2,3‐Dicarboxylic Acids Into Their Enantiomers
Authors: Kovalenko Vitaly N. , Kozyrkov Yurii Yu. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSeparation of optical isomers obtainable fromtrans‐norborn‐5‐ene‐2,3‐dicarboxylic acid methyl andtert‐butyl monoesters was performed by crystallization of the respective salts prepared with (R)‐ and (S)‐1‐phenylethylamine. Starting from racemicendo‐monomethyl ester oftrans‐norborn‐5‐ene‐2,3‐dicarboxylic acid, prepared by partial hydrolysis of the cyclopentadiene‐dimethyl fumarate adduct, the corresponding (2R,3R)‐endo‐monoester was isolated in 97% enantiomeric excess (ee) yield after seven repeated crystallizations from tetrachloromethane. Starting fromexo‐mono‐tert‐butyl ester of the same acid, prepared by alcoholysis of the cyclopentadiene‐maleic anhydride adduct followed by isomerization, (2R,3R)‐exo‐monoester was isolated in >98% ee yield after four repeated crystallizations from ethanol. Crystallization of the acids from the mother liquor containing (S)‐1‐phenylethylamine yielded products with inverse stereochemical configuration.Chirality 27:151–155, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Catalytic Dehydration of Carbohydrates Suspended in Organic Solvents Promoted by AlCl3/SiO2 Coated with Choline Chloride
Authors: Yang Jie , De Oliveira Vigier Karine , Gu Yanlong , Jérôme François 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe show that the coating of choline chloride on silica‐supported AlCl3 allows the dehydration of carbohydrates to successfully proceed in low boiling point organic solvents. The concept is based on the in situ formation of a deep eutectic liquid phase on the catalyst surface, thus facilitating the interaction between the solid catalyst and insoluble carbohydrate.
Anthracene/Phenothiazine π‐Conjugated Sensitizers for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells using Redox Mediator in Organic and Water‐based Solvents
Authors: Lin Ryan Yeh‐Yung , Chuang Tzu‐Man , Wu Feng‐Ling , Chen Pei‐Yu , Chu Te‐Chun , Ni Jen‐Shyang , Fan Miao‐Syuan , Lo Yih‐Hsing , Ho Kuo‐Chuan , Lin Jiann T. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMetal‐free dyes (MD1 to MD5) containing an anthracene/phenothiazine unit in the spacer have been synthesized. The conversion efficiency (7.13 %) of the dye‐sensitized solar cell using MD3 as the sensitizer reached approximately 85 % of the N719‐based standard cell (8.47 %). The cell efficiency (8.42 %) of MD3‐based dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with addition of chenodeoxycholic acid is comparable with that of N719‐based standard cell. The MD3 water‐based DSSCs using a dual‐TEMPO (2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxyl)/iodide electrolyte exhibited very promising cell performance of 4.96 % with an excellent Voc of 0.77 V.
Graph‐based unsupervised segmentation algorithm for cultured neuronal networks' structure characterization and modeling
Authors: de Santos‐Sierra Daniel , Sendiña‐Nadal Irene , Leyva Inmaculada , Almendral Juan A. , Ayali Amir , Anava Sarit , Sánchez‐Ávila Carmen , Boccaletti Stefano 
Published: November 2014

AbstractLarge scale phase‐contrast images taken at high resolution through the life of a cultured neuronal network are analyzed by a graph‐based unsupervised segmentation algorithm with a very low computational cost, scaling linearly with the image size. The processing automatically retrieves the whole network structure, an object whose mathematical representation is a matrix in which nodes are identified neurons or neurons' clusters, and links are the reconstructed connections between them. The algorithm is also able to extract any other relevant morphological information characterizing neurons and neurites. More importantly, and at variance with other segmentation methods that require fluorescence imaging from immunocytochemistry techniques, our non invasive measures entitle us to perform a longitudinal analysis during the maturation of a single culture. Such an analysis furnishes the way of individuating the main physical processes underlying the self‐organization of the neurons' ensemble into a complex network, and drives the formulation of a phenomenological model yet able to describe qualitatively the overall scenario observed during the culture growth. © 2014 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Longitudinal associations between temperament and socioemotional outcomes in young children: The moderating role of RSA and gender
Authors: Morales Santiago , Beekman Charles , Blandon Alysia Y. , Stifter Cynthia A. , Buss Kristin A. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTTemperament is an important predictor of socioemotional adjustment, such as externalizing and internalizing symptoms. However, there is not a one‐to‐one correspondence between temperamental predispositions and these outcomes, implying that other factors also contribute to the development of internalizing and externalizing problems. Self‐regulation is believed to interact with temperament, and has been studied as a predictor for later socioemotional outcomes. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is a psychophysiological measure of self‐regulation that has been studied as a moderator of risk. The primary aim of the present study was to test if RSA baseline and RSA reactivity would moderate the link between temperament and socioemotional outcomes. Mothers reported the temperament of their infants (20 months; N = 154), RSA was collected at 24‐ and 42‐months, and mothers reported externalizing and internalizing behaviors at kindergarten entry. RSA baseline and RSA reactivity moderated the relation between exuberant temperament and externalizing behaviors. However, these results were only significant for girls, such that high RSA baseline and greater RSA suppression predicted more externalizing behaviors when exuberance was high. Fearful temperament predicted later internalizing behaviors, but no moderation was present. These results are discussed in light of recent evidence regarding gender differences in the role of RSA as a protective factor for risk. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 57: 105–119, 2015.
Lanthanide(III) Nitride Bismuthides M2NBi (M = La–Nd) and Their Potential as Topological Insulators
Authors: Wolff Klaus K. , Lissner Falk , Köhler Jürgen , Schleid Thomas 
Published: November 2014

AbstractFour lanthanide(III) nitride bismuthides of the new class M2NBi (M = La–Nd) have been synthesized by the reaction of the respective lanthanide metal (M) with caesium azide (CsN3), elemental bismuth (Bi), the corresponding lanthanide trichloride (MCl3), and caesium chloride (CsCl) as flux in evacuated silica tubes for 7 days at 900 °C. The M2NBi compounds crystallize tetragonally in the space group P4/nmm with Z = 2 with the lattice parameters a = 480.61(4) pm, c = 948.34(9) pm (M = La), a = 475.48(4) pm, c = 938.76(9) pm (M = Ce), a = 471.80(4) pm, c = 929.51(9) pm (M = Pr), and a = 468.13(4), c = 921.08(9) pm (M = Nd). As the main structural feature of the crystal structures, ∞2{[NM2]3+} layers of condensed nitride‐centered square pyramids of M3+ cations dominate. These pyramids, in which the base is built of (M1)3+ and the top of terminal (M2)3+ cations (t), are connected by all four basal edges (e) to form a two‐dimensional network according to ∞2{[N(M1)e4/4(M2)t1/1]3+} that is separated by square double layers of Bi3– anions. Both crystallographically independent M3+ cations bear two types of anions (N3– and Bi3–) as ligands. (M1)3+ is coordinated in the shape of a square antiprism by four N3– and four Bi3– anions, and (M2)3+ is surrounded by a distorted octahedron consisting of one N3– and five Bi3– anions. The Bi3– anions reside in capped square antiprisms of nine M3+ cations. The partial density of states (PDOS) and the band structure of La2NBi show that this compound has to be considered as a zero‐band‐gap semiconductor with a nontrivial topology and a high potential as a topological insulator.
Addition of Vinylmetallic Reagents to Chiral 2‐Formyltetrahydrofuran
Authors: Lamariano‐Merketegi Janire , Lorente Adriana , Gil Alejandro , Albericio Fernando , Álvarez Mercedes 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPolyketide macrolides, which belong to an interesting family of metabolites, are complex structures with valuable bioactivity. In this work, several procedures for the bond formation between a vinylorganometallic reagent and a chiral formyl‐THF compound were examined for the subsequent application to the total synthesis of phormidolides. Model molecules were synthesized to study and optimize the method that mimics the union of the polyhydroxy chain with the macrocycle of the target polyketide macrolides. A chelation‐controlled organometallic addition, a carboalumination, and the Nozaki–Hiyama–Kishi (NHK) reaction were the three chosen reactions to investigate this bond formation. Satisfactory diastereoselectivity and yields were obtained.
Dithienoquinazolines – A Convenient Synthesis by the Oxidative Photocyclization of 4,5‐Dithienyl‐Substituted Pyrimidines and Their Photophysical Properties
Authors: Verbitskiy Egor V. , Slepukhin Pavel A. , Valova Marina S. , Cheprakova Ekaterina M. , Schepochkin Akesandr V. , Rusinov Gennady L. , Charushin Valery N. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA convenient synthetic route to novel thienoacene systems bearing a fused pyrimidine ring has been advanced. The commercially available 5‐bromopyrimidine was used as the starting material to obtain various dithienoquinazoline systems through nucleophilic aromatic substitution of hydrogen (the SNH reaction), Suzuki cross‐coupling, and oxidative photocyclization. The redox and optical properties of some of the new compounds have been investigated. The data obtained show the potential of dithienoquinazoline systems in organic electronic applications.
Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Sensor for Determination of Vitamin D in Mixtures of Water‐Ethanol
Authors: Cincotto Fernando H. , Canevari Thiago C. , Machado Sérgio A. S. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper describes the electrochemical determination of vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) and D3 (cholecalciferol) in mixed organic/water solvent, using a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The mixing ratio of organic/water solvent has an important influence on the electrocatalytic response of D vitamins on the surface of the glassy carbon electrode. Well‐defined peaks for Vitamin D2 and D3 were observed in a 40 % ethanol/60 % water solution with lithium perchlorate as the support electrolyte. This study demonstrated that the glassy carbon electrode is highly sensitive for the determination of vitamin D2 and D3, with a limit of detection of 0.13 and 0.118 µmol L−1, respectively. No significant interference was seen for vitamins A, E and K in the detection of vitamin D.
Selection of Low‐Temperature Phase‐Change Materials for Thermal Energy Storage Based on the VIKOR Method
Authors: Wang Yi , Zhang Yu , Yang Weihua , Ji Hui 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPhase‐change materials (PCMs) play an important role in thermal energy management in response to the demand for energy conservation with increasing concerns about environmental pollution. The selection of an optimal PCM is a difficult and critical task because of the immense number of different materials available that have different characteristics. To weigh the influencing factors for a PCM and provide a feasible method to select the best PCM, the VIKOR method was introduced in the field of PCM selection. On the basis of the characteristics of PCMs, an evaluation system of three levels and six different attributes was constructed and a pairwise comparison matrix was established after analysis of the attribute relationships. The relative weights determined by the matrix and the VIKOR method were used to sort out the attributes of alternative PCMs comprehensively. The results show that the method is effective and practical to select PCMs, and stearic acid was determined to be the optimal PCM among the candidates for low‐temperature thermal energy storage.