bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating risks and benefits: pretransplant assessment and patient selection for heart transplantation in adult congenital heart disease
Authors: Lewis Matthew J. , Schlendorf Kelly H. , Reardon Leigh C. 
Published: July 2024

Purpose of review
The number of adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) patients presenting for consideration of heart transplantation continues to grow. Comprehensive pretransplant assessment and thoughtful patient selection are of critical importance to mitigate perioperative and posttransplant morbidity and mortality in this population.

Recent findings
There is increasing evidence that patient outcomes after the onset of heart failure in the ACHD population are poor while overall transplant outcomes for ACHD patients have improved over time. Delineation of factors associated with better versus worse posttransplant outcomes is an area of ongoing research. Several studies have found that delayed patient referral, anatomic complexity and the presence of noncardiac organ dysfunction may increase peri-transplant and posttransplant risk.

Summary
Pretransplant assessment and patient selection in ACHD patients should focus on mitigating perioperative and early posttransplant risk. Anatomic complexity, noncardiac organ dysfunction, and referral timing after the onset of heart failure can contribute to poor posttransplant outcomes and should inform patient selection.
Ultrasound-Guided Perineural Hydrodissection for the Treatment of Lacertus Fibrosus Syndrome in a Baseball Player: A Case Report
Authors: Nakagawa Hirotaka F. , Zheng Kevin , Sung Kyungje , Sussman Walter I. 
Published: July 2024

Abstracts
Lacertus fibrosus Syndrome (LFS) is a rare cause of persistent medial elbow pain in baseball players, often not considered in the initial diagnostic considerations. This case report details a 19-year-old collegiate baseball player who presented with insidious left anterior medial elbow pain, initially diagnosed as biceps tendonitis. The patient did not experience pain relief after six months of conservative management. Sonopalpation during diagnostic ultrasound localized the source of pain to the median nerve at the level of the lacertus fibrosus, and the decision was made to perform ultrasound-guided hydrodissection of the median nerve at this level. The procedure resulted in rapid and sustained symptom relief without the scarring that has been associated with traditional surgical techniques. To date, there has been no study investigating the use of ultrasound-guided hydrodissection targeting lacertus fibrosus. This report highlights the importance of considering LFS in throwing athletes with persistent elbow pain, and advocates for considering ultrasound-guided hydrodissection as a management option for patients with clinical suspicion of LFS.
The evolving spectrum of complex inherited neuropathies
Authors: Rossor Alexander M. , Haddad Saif , Reilly Mary M. 
Published: July 2024

Purpose of review
Inherited peripheral neuropathies can be divided into those diseases in which peripheral neuropathy is the sole or main feature of the disease (Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease) and those in which peripheral neuropathy is just one feature of a more complex syndrome. In recent years there has been a substantial expansion in the number of genes associated with complex neuropathy syndromes.

Recent findings
This review will focus on emerging themes in this group of diseases, namely the increasing number of diseases due to repeat expansions; the emergence of both recessive and dominant negative alleles in the same gene producing a common phenotype and diseases in which there is selective loss of the allele from haematopoietic stem cells making genetic diagnosis on blood derived DNA problematic.

Summary
In this review we provide a practical approach to investigating and diagnosing patients with peripheral neuropathy as part of a complex syndrome and provide an updated table of the genes associated with this group of diseases.
Wrinkling of fluid deformable surfaces
Authors: Krause Veit , Voigt Axel 
Published: July 2024

Wrinkling instabilities of thin elastic sheets can be used to generate periodic structures over a wide range of length scales. Viscosity of the thin elastic sheet or its surrounding medium has been shown to be responsible for dynamic processes. We here consider wrinkling of fluid deformable surfaces. In contrast with thin elastic sheets, with in-plane and out-of-plane elasticity, these surfaces are characterized by in-plane viscous flow and out-of-plane elasticity and have been established as model systems for biomembranes and cellular sheets. We use this hydrodynamic theory and numerically explore the formation of wrinkles and their coarsening, either by a continuous reduction of the enclosed volume or by the continuous increase of the surface area. Both lead to almost identical results for wrinkle formation and the coarsening process, for which a scaling law for the wavenumber is obtained for a broad range of surface viscosity and rate of change of volume or area. However, for large Reynolds numbers and small changes in volume or area, wrinkling can be suppressed and surface hydrodynamics allows for global shape changes following the minimal energy configurations of the Helfrich energy for corresponding reduced volumes.
A Habenula Neural Biomarker Simultaneously Tracks Weekly and Daily Symptom Variations during Deep Brain Stimulation Therapy for Depression
Authors: Liu Shi , Qi Yu , Hu Shaohua , Wei Ning , Zhang Jianmin , Zhu Junming , Wu Hemmings , Hu Hailan , Yang Yuxiao , Wang Yueming 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDeep brain stimulation (DBS) targeting the lateral habenula (LHb) is a promising therapy for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) but its clinical effect has been variable, which can be improved by adaptive DBS (aDBS) guided by a neural biomarker of depression symptoms. A clinically-viable neural biomarker is desired to classify depression symptom states, track both slow and fast symptom variations during the treatment, respond to DBS parameter alterations, and be neurobiologically interpretable, which is currently lacking. Here, we conducted a study on one TRD patient who achieved remission following a 41-week LHb DBS treatment, during which we assessed slow symptom variations using weekly clinical ratings and fast variations using daily self-reports. We recorded daily LHb local field potentials (LFP) concurrently with the reports during the entire treatment process. We then used machine learning methods to identify a personalized depression neural biomarker from spectral and temporal LFP features. The identified neural biomarker classified high and low depression symptom severity states with a cross-validated accuracy of 0.97, with the most contributing spectral and temporal feature being LFP beta band power and Hurst exponent, respectively. It further simultaneously tracked both weekly (slow) and daily (fast) depression symptom variation dynamics, achieving test data explained variance of 0.74 and 0.63, respectively. It also responded to DBS frequency alterations. Finally, it can be neurobiologically interpreted as indicating changes in LHb excitatory and inhibitory balance during DBS treatment. Together, our results hold promise to identify clinically-viable neural biomarkers to facilitate future aDBS for treating TRD.
Clinician Perceptions of Generative Artificial Intelligence Tools and Clinical Workflows: Potential Uses, Motivations for Adoption, and Sentiments on Impact
Authors: Ruan Elise L , Alkattan Aziz , Elhadad Noemie , Rossetti Sarah C 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSuccessful integration of Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) into healthcare requires understanding of health professionals’ perspectives, ideally through data-driven approaches. In this study, we use a semi-structured survey and mixed methods analyses to explore clinicians’ perceptions on the utility of generative AI for all types of clinical tasks, familiarity and competency with generative AI tools, and sentiments regarding the potential impact of generative AI on healthcare. Analysis of 116 clinician responses found differing perceptions regarding the usefulness of generative AI across clinical workflows, with information gathering from external sources rated highest and communication rated lowest. Clinician-generated prompt suggestions focused most often on clinician decision making and were of mixed quality, with participants more familiar with generative AI suggesting more high-quality prompts. Sentiments regarding the impact of generative AI varied, particularly regarding trustworthiness and impact on bias. Thematic analysis of open-ended comments highlighted concerns about patient care and the role of clinicians.
Evaluating Life Simple Seven’s influence on brain health outcomes: The intersection of lifestyle and dementia
Authors: Denier-Fields Diandra N , Gangnon Ronald E , Rivera-Rivera Leonardo A , Betthauser Tobey J , Bendlin Barbara B , Johnson Sterling C , Engelman Corinne D 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundLifestyle factors have been studied for dementia risk, but few have comprehensively assessed both Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and cerebrovascular disease (CBVD) pathologies.ObjectiveOur research aims to determine the relationships between lifestyle and various dementia pathologies, challenging conventional research paradigms.MethodsAnalyzing 1231 Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer’s Prevention (WRAP) study participants, we focused on Life Simple Seven (LS7) score calculations from questionnaire data and clinical vitals. We assessed brain health indicators including CBVD, AD, and cognition.ResultsHigher (healthier) LS7 scores were associated with better CBVD outcomes, including lower percent white matter hyperintensities and higher cerebral blood flow, and higher Preclinical Alzheimer’s Composite 3 and Delayed Recall scores. No significant associations were observed between LS7 scores and AD markers of amyloid and tau accumulation.ConclusionThis study provides evidence that the beneficial effects of LS7 on cognition are primarily through cerebrovascular pathways rather than direct influences on AD pathology.
Lifestyle Empowerment for Alzheimer’s Prevention Prescribed by Physicians: Methods and Adaptations to COVID-19
Authors: Szabo-Reed Amanda N. , Watts Amber , Vidoni Eric D. , Mahnken Jonathan , Van Sciver Angela , Finley Katrina , Clutton Jonathan , Holden Rachel , Key Mickeal N. , Burns Jeffery M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe health care system is insufficiently capitalizing on the benefits of physical exercise in America’s aging population. Few tools exist to help clinicians incorporate physical activity into their clinical care, while barriers limit older adults from initiating and maintaining exercise programs. The Lifestyle Empowerment for Alzheimer’s Prevention (LEAP! Rx) Program has been designed to support providers and participants in lifestyle change. LEAP! Rx uses two forms of participant enrollment: physician referrals through electronic health records and self-referrals to test the efficacy of delivering a community-based exercise and healthy lifestyle program to older adults. After referral into the program, participants are randomized to receive the LEAP! Rx Program or are placed in a standard-of-care group to receive the program later. The LEAP! Rx program consists of a personalized and structured exercise program, lifestyle education, and mobile health monitoring. This includes a 12-week Empowerment phase with coaching and supervised exercise training, followed by a 40-week Lifestyle phase with intermittent supervised exercise and coaching. Lifestyle education includes monthly, evidence-based classes on optimal aging. The evaluation of LEAP! Rx focuses on 1) the assessment of implementation and scalability of the LEAP!Rx Program for clinicians and patients 2) the effect of the LEAP! Rx Program on cardiorespiratory fitness, 3) the impact of the LEAP! Rx Program on secondary intervention outcome measures of chronic disease risk factors, including insulin resistance, body composition, and lipids. If successful, this study’s findings could advance future healthcare practices, providing a new and practical approach to aging and chronic disease prevention.
Clinical Response to fMRI-guided Compared to Non-Image Guided rTMS in Depression and PTSD: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Oathes Desmond J. , Gonzalez Almaris Figueroa , Grier Julie , Blaine Camille , Garcia Sarai D. , Linn Kristin A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundImage-guided brain stimulation is hypothesized to enhance clinical outcomes but head-to-head comparisons favoring image-guidance are so far lacking.MethodsPTSD/MDD patients were randomized (N=51) to a two-condition sequence in a two period cross-over design. For the first condition, patients were randomized to 10-session rTMS treatment to either a subgenual cingulate (sgACC) functional connectivity cortical target (fMRI-guided) or standard scalp-based target. Additionally, patients were randomized to either watch a nature video or perform a demanding cognitive task with rTMS administration. Patients crossed over to the two conditions not received in period one. rTMS was delivered in an intermittent theta burst (iTBS) pattern with 2400 pulses per session. Among N=49 patients analyzed, 60% identified as female and average age was 34.ResultsCompared with the scalp-based target, fMRI-guided rTMS was superior in improving depression symptoms (F(1,43.92)=5.933,p=0.019) as well as PTSD hyperarousal (F(1,40.78)=5.076,p=0.030). The median level of symptom change for fMRI-guided targets exceeded 60% improvement across both scales. Symptom improvements at 6-mo follow-up were durable and both favored fMRI-guidance. For patients reporting symptoms at this timepoint, depression improved by 70% (N13); the PCL improved by 69% with Hyperarousal (N14) and Avoidance (N12) subscales improving by 78% and 79%, respectively, for the fMRI-guided target.ConclusionsWe demonstrated preliminary evidence for the clinical superiority of a new fMRI-guided target which should be followed up with larger comparative effectiveness studies that include imaging and clinical outcomes.
A resource for comparing AF-Cluster and other AlphaFold2 sampling methods
Authors: Wayment-Steele Hannah K. , Ovchinnikov Sergey , Colwell Lucy , Kern Dorothee 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe are excited that Porter et al. have explored [1-3] the AF-Cluster [4] algorithm – this is critical for the field to advance. Increasingly many methods have been reported for perturbing and sampling AlphaFold2 (AF2) [5]. If multiple methods achieve similar results, that does not in itself invalidate any method, nor does it answerwhythese methods work. To help the field continue to try to answer these questions, we wish to highlight a few discrepancies between the AF-Cluster method as presented originally in our work [4] and the subsequent discussion in refs. [1-3]. We hope that this short work clarifies potential misunderstandings.
A comparison of prevalence estimates of smoking, alternative nicotine and alcohol use in Great Britain collected via telephone versus face-to-face: Smoking and Alcohol Toolkit surveys
Authors: Buss Vera Helen , Kock Loren , Tattan-Birch Harry , Jackson Sarah E. , Shahab Lion , Brown Jamie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsDue to the COVID-19 pandemic, the survey mode of the Smoking and Alcohol Toolkit Study, a long-running repeat cross-sectional survey, had to change from face-to-face to telephone interviews. This study aimed to assess similarities and differences in sociodemographic, smoking, alternative nicotine and alcohol use estimates between the two survey modes, to understand the potential impacts of this change in methodology on prevalence estimates and trends over time.DesignAfter COVID-19 restrictions were lifted, we conducted parallel telephone and face-to-face household surveys in March 2022 and in January to March 2024, using a hybrid of random and quota sampling. Data from both years were aggregated.Setting and ParticipantsPeople aged 16+ years living in private households in Great Britain.MeasurementsSociodemographic characteristics, nicotine and alcohol use related estimates and their 95% CIs — unweighted and weighted — collected via telephone versus face-to-face in a household.FindingsIn the unweighted analyses, the telephone sample included slightly younger and less socioeconomically advantaged groups than the face-to-face sample. After the samples were weighted, estimates of sociodemographic characteristics and nicotine and alcohol use were generally consistent across methodologies, including daily cigarette smoking (face-to-face: 11.1% [10.1-12.1] vs. telephone: 10.6% [9.5-11.7]), non-daily cigarette smoking (face-to-face: 2.7% [2.2-3.3] vs. telephone: 3.4% [2.8-4.1]), and e-cigarette use among people who smoke (face-to-face: 27.0% [23.5-30.5] vs. telephone: 29.3% [25.4-33.3]). However — compared with telephone participants — a lower proportion of face-to-face participants reported currently using e-cigarettes (face-to-face: 6.4% [5.6-7.1] vs. telephone: 10.4% [9.3-11.5]), and a higher proportion reported never drinking alcohol (face-to-face: 31.1% [29.7-32.5] vs. telephone: 25.0% [23.5-26.5]) and never having 6 or more standard drinks on one occasion (face-to-face: 46.6% [44.7-48.5] vs. telephone: 40.2% [38.4-42.1]). More participants provided “don’t know” or “refused” responses in the telephone compared with the face-to-face interview, including in response to questions about tobacco use, e-cigarette device type, and the number of standard drinks on a typical day.ConclusionsFace-to-face and telephone surveys generally yield similar estimates of nicotine and alcohol use. However, there may be some underreporting of vaping and drinking in a face-to-face survey conducted in the home compared with telephone.
Intracellular accumulation of free cholesterol in macrophages triggers a PARP1 response to DNA damage and PARP1 impairs lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response
Authors: Ting Kenneth K.Y. , Ibrahim Hisham , Cybulsky Myron I. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe formation of macrophage (Mφ) foam cells is a hallmark of atherosclerosis, yet how the process of lipid loading can modulate Mφ inflammatory responses by rewiring their intracellular metabolic circuits is not well understood. Our previous studies have shown that the accumulation of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) or free cholesterol in Mφs impaired their inflammatory response by suppressing HIF-1α-mediated glycolysis and upregulating NRF2 antioxidative response. However, it remains unclear if other metabolic processes are also contributory. In this study, we found that the accumulation of free cholesterol, but not oxLDL, in primary murine thioglycolate-elicited peritoneal Mφs (PMφs) enhanced a PARP1-dependent response associated with repair of DNA damage, which was characterized by poly ADP-ribosylation of proteins, phosphorylation of histone 2A.X and consumption of NAD+. Both oxLDL and cholesterol enhanced the PARP1 response after LPS stimulation. Treatment of PMφs with mitoTEMPO, a specific mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) scavenger, alleviated mtROS during cholesterol loading, blocked the PARP1 response and partially restored LPS-induced inflammatory gene expression. In contrast to inhibition of PARP1 enzymatic activity, knockdown of PARP1 expression in RAW264.7 Mφs with siRNA elevated LPS-induced inflammatory gene expression. Overall, our study suggests that cholesterol accumulation triggers a PARP1 response to DNA damage in Mφs and that PARP1 inhibits LPS-mediated inflammation through a non-enzymatic function.
Zebrafish Foxl2l functions in proliferating germ cells for female meiotic entry
Authors: Yang Ching-Hsin , Wang Yan-wei , Hsu Chen-wei , Pan You-Jiun , Chung Bon-chu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractZebrafish sex differentiation is a complicated process and the detailed mechanism has not been fully understood. Here we characterized a transcription factor, Foxl2l, that participates in female oogenesis. We show that it is expressed specifically in proliferating germ cells in juvenile gonads and mature ovaries. We have used CRISPR-Cas9 to generate zebrafish deficient infoxl2lexpression. Zebrafish withfoxl2l-/-are all males, and this female-to-male sex reversal cannot be reversed bytp53mutation, indicating this sex reversal is unrelated to cell death. We have generated transgenic fish expressing GFP under the control offoxl2lpromoter to track the development offoxl2l+-germ cells, which failed to enter meiosis and were accumulated as cystic cells. Our RNA-seq analysis also showed the reduced expression of genes in meiosis and oogenesis among other affected pathways. All together, we show that zebrafish Foxl2l is a nuclear factor controlling the expression of meiotic and oogenic genes, and its deficiency leads to defective meiotic entry and the accumulation of premeiotic germ cells.HighlightsZebrafishfoxl2lis expressed only in proliferating germ cells in juvenile gonads and mature ovaries.Foxl2l is a nuclear factor that promotes expression of genes involved in meiosis and oogenesis.Zebrafish depleted offoxl2llack meiotic oocytes in juveniles and become all males in adults.Mutation offoxl2lleads to the accumulation of premeiotic germ cells.
Jukes-Cantor Correction for Phylogenetic Tree Reconstruction
Authors: Gabriel Emunefe Friday , Jeff Ugbene Ifeanyichukwu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPhylogenetic tree reconstruction relies on accurate estimation of evolutionary distances between sequences. However, the observed Hamming distance between sequences can be misleading due to saturation, where multiple substitutions at the same site obscure the true evolutionary history. The Jukes-Cantor correction method addresses this by accounting for multiple substitutions, providing a more accurate representation of evolutionary distance. This study investigates the application of the Jukes-Cantor correction to the Hamming distance of genetic sequences in a case study, highlighting its impact on phylogenetic tree reconstruction. Our results demonstrate that the Jukes-Cantor correction significantly improves the accuracy of phylogenetic inference, particularly for sequences with substantial evolutionary divergence. However, the model’s reliance on simplifying assumptions, such as equal substitution rates and lack of base composition bias, limits its applicability to sequences with moderate levels of divergence. This study stands as a bedrock for further research into more complex models that can account for model violations and provide more accurate estimations of evolutionary distances for highly divergent sequences.