bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Description of the Last Instar Larva of Phyllocycla gladiata (Hagen in Selys) (Anisoptera: Gomphidae)
Authors: Carriço Cesar , Costa Janira Martins , Santos Tatiana Chrysosotomo , Anjos-Santos Danielle 
Published: September 2014

The larva of the last instar of Phyllocycla gladiata (Hagen in Selys) is described and illustrated based in only one exuviae, collected at Camorim River, Jacarepaguá, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Exuviae is deposited in the Museu Nacional (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Descrição do Último Ínstar Larvar de Phyllocycla gladiata (Hagen in Selys) (Anisoptera: Gomphidae)
Resumo. A larva do último ínstar de Phyllocycla gladiata (Hagen in Selys) é descrita e ilustrada com base em uma exúvia coletada no Rio Camorim, Jacarepaguá, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. A exúvia foi depositada no Museu Nacional (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
Antimoulting Activity of Eremanthus erythropappus (DC.) MacLeisch
Authors: Barbosa Danielle Castilho , Silvério Marcelo Silva , Velozo Leosvaldo Salazar Marques , Kaplan Maria Auxiliadora Coelho , Cabral Marise Maleck Oliveira 
Published: September 2014

Extracts and secondary metabolites from plants can act as feeding deterrents, toxic agents or developmental disruptors in insects. In this study, the experimental milkweed bug Oncopeltus fasciatus (Dallas), (Hemiptera) was used to evaluate the activities of crude ethanol extract and fractions, obtained from flowers or stems of Eremanthus erythropappus (DC.) MacLeisch (Asteraceae), on its mortality and development. Butanol fraction from ethanol extract showed toxicity against nymphs of O. fasciatus as well as growth inhibition activity. The results imply that E. erythropappus butanol fraction has active substances on this insect growth development physiology.
Atividade Antimuda de Eremanthus erythropappus (DC.) MacLeisch
Resumo. Os extratos e metabólitos secundários de plantas podem agir como agentes tóxicos e inibidores do da alimentação e do desenvolvimento em insetos. Neste estudo foi utilizado Oncopeltus fasciatus (Dallas) (Hemiptera) como modelo experimental a fim de avaliar as atividades do extrato etanólico bruto e frações obtidos das flores ou caules de Eremanthus erythropappus (DC.) MacLeisch (Asteraceae), na mortalidade e sobre o desenvolvimento do inseto. A fração butanólica obtida do extrato etanólico mostrou toxidade sobre as ninfas de O. fasciatus, bem como atividade de inibição do crescimento. Os resultados sugerem que a fração butanólica de E. erythropappus possui substâncias ativas sobre a fisiologia, crescimento e desenvolvimento de insetos.
Predation on Leptinopterus Hope species (Coleoptera, Lucanidae) by three species of Reduviidae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera) in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil
Authors: Grossi Paschoal Coelho , Koike Ricardo Mitsuhiro , Gil-Santana Hélcio Reinaldo 
Published: September 2014

The natural occurrence of predation on Leptinopterus burmeisteri Arrow and Leptinopterus femoratus (Olivier) (Coleoptera, Lucanidae, Lucaninae) by Zelurus angularis (Stål) (Reduviinae), Apiomerus mutabilis Costa Lima, Seabra & Hathaway and Apiomerus nigricollis Stål (Apiomerinae) (Hemiptera, Reduviidae), in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, is recorded. Additional data on the predatory habits of A. nigricollis are also presented here.
Predação de Espécies de Leptinopterus Hope (Coleoptera, Lucanidae) por Três Espécies de Reduviidae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera) na Floresta Atlântica, Brasil
Resumo. Relata-se a ocorrência de predação natural de Leptinopterus burmeisteri Arrow e Leptinopterus femoratus (Olivier) (Coleoptera, Lucanidae, Lucaninae) por Zelurus angularis (Stål) (Reduviinae), Apiomerus mutabilis Costa Lima, Seabra & Hathaway e Apiomerus nigricollis Stål (Apiomerinae) (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Dados adicionais sobre hábitos predadores de A. nigricollis são apresentados também.
Borboletas e Mariposas (Insecta: Lepidoptera) do Município de Joaçaba, Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil
Authors: Favretto Mario Arthur 
Published: September 2014

Pela primeira vez é apresentada uma lista de Lepidoptera registrados no município de Joaçaba, estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Os indivíduos foram coletados entre os anos de 2006 e 2010 em diferentes ambientes resultando em 58 espécies pertencentes a dez famílias. As famílias mais abundantes foram Nymphalidae e Saturniidae, representando 34,48% e 24,13% da riqueza de espécies respectivamente. Além disso, os gêneros mais representativos de Nymphalidae foram Morpho (três espécies) e Hamadryas (duas espécies), enquanto que em Saturniidae foram Rothschildia (três espécies) e Automeris (duas espécies).
Butterflies and moths (Insecta: Lepidoptera) in the Municipality of Joaçaba, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil
Abstract. For the first time is presented a list of Lepidoptera recorded in the municipality of Joaçaba, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The individuals were collected between the years 2006 and 2010 in different environments resulting in 58 species belonging to ten families. The most abundant families were Nymphalidae and Saturniidae, representing 34,48% and 24,13% of the species richness respectively. In addition, the most representative genera of Nymphalidae were Morpho (three species), and Hamadryas (two species), while in Saturniidae were Rothschildia (three species) and Automeris (two species).
Riqueza de borboletas (Lepidoptera) em um fragmento urbano de Cerrado em Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Bogiani Paulo Alexandre , Aranda Rodrigo , Machado Camila de Oliveira Freitas 
Published: September 2014

Borboletas estão entre os artrópodes melhor estudados, pois participam de diversas interações ecológicas. Apesar de já existirem muitos inventários de borboletas publicados no Brasil, nenhuma informação ainda existe em Mato Grosso do Sul. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a riqueza de espécies de borboletas encontradas em um remanescente urbano de cerrado em Campo Grande, Centro-Oeste do Brasil, além de indicar a presença de espécies raras e indicadora de ambiente preservado. Foram registradas 62 espécies de borboletas, pertencentes a seis famílias e 15 subfamílias. Entre as espécies registradas, 28 pertencem à família Nymphalidae (45,1%), 16 a Hesperiidae (25,8%), oito a Lycaenidae (12,9%), seis a Pieridae (9,7%) e quatro para Riodinidae (6,5%). As estimativas de riqueza Jack-Knife (de 1ª ordem) e Chao2 mostram que entre 81 e 86% das espécies, respectivamente, foram registradas durante o período do estudo para a área. A lepidopterofauna encontrada não apresenta espécies cuja presença indica ambiente preservado. Embora a área de estudo seja pequena, estando imersa em uma matriz urbana e sendo constantemente impactada, a reserva representa um ambiente importante para a conservação de borboletas na cidade de Campo Grande.
Butterflies Species (Lepidoptera) in an Urban fragment of Savannah in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
Abstract. Butterflies are among the better studied arthropods, because they participate in several ecological interactions. In spite of already many inventories of butterflies have been published in Brazil, still any information exist in Mato Grosso do Sul. The present study aimed to evaluate the species richness of butterflies found in an urban remnant of savannah in Campo Grande, Midwest of Brazil, besides indicating the presence of rare species and indicative of preserved atmosphere. We registered 62 species of butterflies, ranging in six families and 15 subfamilies, for the area. Among the registered species, 28 belong to the family Nymphalidae (45.1%), 16 to Hesperiidae (25.8%), 8 to Lycaenidae (12.9%), 6 to Pieridae (9.7%) and 4 to Riodinidae (6.5 %). The wealth estimates Jack-Knife (1st order) and Chao2 show that among 81 and 86% of species, respectively, were registered during the period of the study for the area. The found lepidopterofauna didn’t present species whose presence indicates preserved atmosphere. Although the small study area, being immersed in an urban matrix and constantly being impacted, the reserve represents an important environment for the conservation of butterflies in the city of Campo Grande.
Ocorrência do Grilo Endecous em Quatro Cavernas no Município de Uruará - PA, Brasil
Authors: Cajaiba Reinaldo Lucas 
Published: September 2014

O gênero Endecous (Ensifera: Phalangopsidae) pode ser encontrado em toda região neotropical. Cinco espécie desse gênero está presente no Brasil: Endecous arachnopis Saussure, Endecous cavernicolus Costa Lima, Endecous itatibensis Rehn, Endecous abbreviatus Piza e Endecous betariensis de Mello & Pellegatti-Franco. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a abundância de Endecous em quatro cavernas do município de Uruará-PA. As coletas foram realizadas no período de agosto a novembro de 2011 com armadilhas pitfall sem isca. Foram coletados 832 espécimes. Como resultados foram obtidos valores significativos para a baixa temperatura (R² = 0,9).
Occurrence of the Cricket of the Genus Endecous in Four Caves of the City of Uruará, State of Pará, Brazil
Abstract. The genus Endecous (Ensifera: Phalangopsidae) can be found in the entire neotropical region. Five species of this genus occur in Brazil: Endecous arachnopis Saussure, Endecous cavernicolus Costa Lima, Endecous itatibensis Rehn, Endecous abbreviatus Piza and Endecous betariensis de Mello & Pellegatti-Franco. The present study was aimed to analyze the abundance of crickets of the genus Endecous in four caves in the city of Uruará-PA. The collections were performed from August to November 2011, using pitfall without bait. 832 specimens were collected. Significant values were obtained for the low temperature (R² = 0.9).
Diversidade de Phasmida (Insecta) na Serra do Espinhaço, Chapada Diamantina (MG)
Authors: Araujo Fernanda Figueiredo de , Garraffoni André Rinaldo Senna 
Published: September 2014

Os representantes da ordem Phasmatodea são conhecidos popularmente como bicho-pau e bicho-folha pela grande capacidade de camuflagem. Atualmente são conhecidas aproximadamente 3000 espécies válidas em todo o mundo, agrupadas em 523 gêneros e 13 famílias. A fauna de fasmídeos brasileiros apresenta mais de 200 espécies, porém um grande número de espécies apresenta problemas taxonômicos. O presente estudo relata os achados do levantamento das espécies de Phasmatodea em quatro pontos amostrais próximos ao município de Diamantina-MG, localizados no planalto Diamantina, Cadeia do Espinhaço. Foram realizadas coletas na mata ciliar do córrego Soberbo, Caminho dos Escravos, Parque Estadual do Biribiri e Parque Nacional das Sempre Vivas, no período de outubro de 2009 a março de 2011, abrangendo as estações chuvosa e seca. Foram coletados um total de 47 indivíduos, sendo 20 fêmeas, 17 machos e 10 ninfas pertencentes à família Heteronemiidae, com dois gêneros Heteronemia e Paraleptynia, e a família Pseudophasmatidae com o gênero Paraphasma, sendo todos os espécimes coletados durante o período chuvoso. Além disso, uma chave de identificação para todos os fasmídeos identificados para o Estado de Minas é também fornecido.
Phasmatodea (Insecta) from Espinhaço Range, Chapada Diamantina Plateau (MG)
Abstract. The specimens of the Order Phasmatodea are popular know as Stick insects or leaf insect characterized by a remarkable similarity to their host vegetation. Currently, more than 3000 species are considered valid in the world, grouped in 523 genera and 13 families. The Brazilian phasmid fauna has more than 200 species described, but most of than show taxonomical problems. The present communication is a taxonomic survey of the phasmids fauna found in the municipality of Diamantina-MG, Chapada Diamantina plateau, Espinhaço range. Samplings were done in the forest gallery of Soberbo Stream, Biribiri State Park and Sempre-Vivas National Park, during the dry and wet seasons, between October 2009 to march 2010. A total of 47 specimens have been examined, 20 female, 17 male and 10 nymphs belonging to the family Heteronemiidae, with 2 genera Heteronemia and Paraleptynia, and the family Pseudophasmatidae with the genus Paraphasma were collected only in the wet period. Furthermore, an identification key for all phasmids genera identified from Minas Gerais State is also provided.
Application of the Dynamic Cultivation System for Microorganisms — A New Way to Culture the Unculturables
Authors: Kaden René , Menger-Krug Eve , Emmerich Katja , Petrick Kerstin , Krolla-Sidenstein Peter 
Published: September 2014

AbstractTo date, ~1% of all bacteria that occur in environmental ecosystems such as soil, sedimentary rocks, and groundwater have been described. Comprehensive explanation of ecological interactions on a microscale level is thus almost impossible. The Dynamic Cultivation System (DCS) was developed in order to detect more microbial taxa than with common cultivation approaches, as well as previously undescribed bacterial species. The DCS is a quick and easy in situ method for the cultivation of numerous bacterial taxa in support of the description of microbial colonized ecosystems. To investigate the bacterial populations within a clay-maturation process after mining the raw material, the DCS was used to increase the microbial biomass for further molecular analysis. Two different methods were applied to extract the bacteria from the DCS and these were compared in terms of efficiency at detection of large numbers of different taxa and in terms of applicability to the detection of previously undescribed species in raw clays. A collection of different undescribed species was detected with sequencing. While direct picking of bacterial colonies leads to the detection of different genera, species mainly of the genus Arthobacter were proved in the phosphate-buffered saline-suspended biomass. Thus, a combination of the approaches mentioned above is recommended to increase the number of detectable species. The DCS will help to describe better the microbial content of ecosystems, especially soils that contain charged particles.
Souveraineté et territoire: enjeux et perspectives
Authors: Barreyre Nicolas , Verdo Geneviève 
Published: September 2014

Résumé
Par sa victoire dans la guerre de Sécession, l' Union scelle l' affirmation de la souveraineté nationale des États-Unis. L’après-guerre est tout entier absorbé à en tirer les conséquences. C’est pourtant dans ce contexte que la politique monétaire devient un contentieux qui aboutira à une redéfinition de la souveraineté. Cet article explore comment la structure institutionnelle et le système politique permettent à la monnaie de devenir un enjeu spatialisé, opposant entre elles les grandes régions du pays, et comment ce phénomène, appelé sectionalisme, aboutit à la confrontation de plusieurs conceptions de la souveraineté, mêlant légitimité politique et échelles spatiales, et une redéfinition du périmètre de celle-ci abandonnant la monnaie comme instrument du souverain à la fin du XIXe siècle.
Une souveraineté à l ’encre sympathique? Souveraineté autochtone et appropriations territoriales dans les traités franco-africains au XIXe siécle
Authors: Surun Isabelle 
Published: September 2014

Résumé
Cet article analyse les modalités de l' appropriation territoriale qui caractérisent la période de transition entre ancien et nouveau régime colonial, pendant laquelle les Européens ont construit leur territoire colonial en Afrique. Il aborde la construction juridique de la souveraineté coloniale en étudiant un corpus de traités conclus entre représentants de l' autorité coloniale française et chefs d’État africains au XIXe siècle – un instrument juridique d’appropriation peu étudié jusqu’à présent par les historiens du droit international. La terminologie en usage dans ces traités révèle l' indétermination des catégories et, à travers elle, les incertitudes des négociateurs européens quant au régime de domination qu’ils entendent imposer, jusqu’à ce que le protectorat émerge finalement comme le dispositif juridique le plus courant pour régler les partages et les transferts de souveraineté, reposant sur une distinction entre souveraineté extérieure et intérieure. Dès lors, le consentement ou non des chefs africains à ce type d’arrangement juridique dépend de leur conception de leur souveraineté comme divisible ou indivisible.
L’organisation des souverainetés provinciales dans l’Amérique indépendante: Le cas de la république de Córdoba, 1776-1827
Authors: Verdo Geneviève 
Published: September 2014

RésuméCet article concerne les formes politiques alternatives à celle de l' État-nation qui se mettent en place dans l' ancienne vice-royauté du Río de la Plata à l' issue de l' indépendance de ce territoire (qui deviendra l' Argentine). Il analyse la construction territoriale et institutionnelle d’une entité politique originale, la province souveraine, à travers le cas de la république de Córdoba dans les années 1820. L’auteur remonte à l' ancien régime pour exposer la façon dont les corps territoriaux qui constituent la Monarchie se renforcent et se politisent à travers les réformes de l' empire, à la fin du XVIIIesiècle, puis à travers la révolution d’indépendance. Elle montre également la tension, présente dès le début de la révolution, entre la souveraineté des corps territoriaux et la souveraineté « nationale », ainsi que les constructions territoriales que ces différentes acceptions de la souveraineté mettent en jeu. Si elle consolide sa souveraineté sur le plan interne, la république de Córdoba s’efforce en parallèle de s’inscrire dans une entité politique plus large, envisagée comme une confédération.
L’entre-voisins en période de transition étatique (1917-1924): La frontière épaisse des bolcheviks à l' Est de l'Europe
Authors: Dullin Sabine 
Published: September 2014

RésuméÀ travers l' analyse de ce qui se joue à la marge européenne de l' ancien empire russe réinvesti et réinventé par les Soviets et en s’appuyant sur des sources à la fois centrales et locales de l' ex-URSS, l' article révèle une modalité de construction de la souveraineté territoriale ayant la particularité de mettre en relation des pays à la fois neufs et idéologiquement hostiles. L’article montre comment, tout en s’adaptant aux règles de la négociation propre à la « coconstruction » d’une frontière, les autorités soviétiques en arrivent peu à peu à affirmer une souveraineté exclusive sur le territoire. La frontière épaisse qui s’invente entre voisins suspicieux les uns à l' égard des autres par le biais notamment de l' établissement de zones tampons est alors institutionnalisée et détournée par les Soviets dans une logique de contrôle des interactions et des passages. Cette analyse au quotidien du voisinage interétatique offre des perspectives pour une histoire transfrontalière de l' État.
Les espaces locaux de la construction étatique à l'aune du cas albanais (1920-1939)
Authors: Clayer Nathalie 
Published: September 2014

Résumé
En suivant les études qui prennent en compte la localité comme un lieu de production et pas seulement de reproduction des processus de construction stato-nationale et d’affirmation d’une souveraineté impulsés du centre, cet article propose de déplacer la focale au niveau local. À travers le cas des politiques scolaires dans l' Albanie de l' entre-deux-guerres, qui sont au coeur de l' affirmation de cette souveraineté, il s’agit d’étudier le contrôle de l' espace local comme traduction de ces processus. Le regard est porté plus précisément sur les rapports de force qui s’instaurent autour de la place de la religion dans l' espace scolaire, comme autour de l' appropriation par l' État des bâtiments scolaires structurant les espaces confessionnels, ainsi que sur l' effet de l' inscription des acteurs de ces négociations – qu’ils soient les agents de ces politiques ou non – dans des espaces sociaux.
Bayesian Inference of Shared Recombination Hotspots Between Humans and Chimpanzees
Authors: Wang Ying , Rannala Bruce 
Published: September 2014

AbstractRecombination generates variation and facilitates evolution. Recombination (or lack thereof) also contributes to human genetic disease. Methods for mapping genes influencing complex genetic diseases via association rely on linkage disequilibrium (LD) in human populations, which is influenced by rates of recombination across the genome. Comparative population genomic analyses of recombination using related primate species can identify factors influencing rates of recombination in humans. Such studies can indicate how variable hotspots for recombination may be both among individuals (or populations) and over evolutionary timescales. Previous studies have suggested that locations of recombination hotspots are not conserved between humans and chimpanzees. We made use of the data sets from recent resequencing projects and applied a Bayesian method for identifying hotspots and estimating recombination rates. We also reanalyzed SNP data sets for regions with known hotspots in humans using samples from the human and chimpanzee. The Bayes factors (BF) of shared recombination hotspots between human and chimpanzee across regions were obtained. Based on the analysis of the aligned regions of human chromosome 21, locations where the two species show evidence of shared recombination hotspots (with high BFs) were identified. Interestingly, previous comparative studies of human and chimpanzee that focused on the known human recombination hotspots within the β-globin and HLA regions did not find overlapping of hotspots. Our results show high BFs of shared hotspots at locations within both regions, and the estimated locations of shared hotspots overlap with the locations of human recombination hotspots obtained from sperm-typing studies.
Using CD4 Percentage and Age to Optimize Pediatric Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation
Authors: Yin Dwight E. , Warshaw Meredith G. , Miller William C. , Castro Hannah , Fiscus Susan A. , Harper Lynda M. , Harrison Linda J. , Klein Nigel J. , Lewis Joanna , Melvin Ann J. , Tudor-Williams Gareth , McKinney Ross E. 
Published: September 2014

BACKGROUND:Quantifying pediatric immunologic recovery by highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) initiation at different CD4 percentage (CD4%) and age thresholds may inform decisions about timing of treatment initiation.METHODS:HIV-1-infected, HAART-naive children in Europe and the Americas were followed from 2002 through 2009 in PENPACT-1. Data from 162 vertically infected children, with at least World Health Organization “mild” immunosuppression and CD4% &lt;10th percentile, were analyzed for improvement to a normal CD4% (≥10th percentile) within 4 years after HAART initiation. Data from 209 vertically infected children, regardless of immune status, were analyzed for CD4% outcomes at 4 years and viral failure within 4 years.RESULTS:Seventy-two percent of baseline immunosuppressed children recovered to normal within 4 years. Compared with “severe” immunosuppression, more children with “mild” immunosuppression (difference 36%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 22% to 49%) or “advanced” immunosuppression (difference 20.8%, 95% CI: 5.8% to 35.9%) recovered a normal CD4%. For each 5-year increase in baseline age, the proportion of children achieving a normal CD4% declined by 19% (95% CI: 11% to 27%). Combining baseline CD4% and age effects resulted in &gt;90% recovery when initiating HAART with “mild” immunosuppression at any age or “advanced” immunosuppression at age &lt;3 years. Baseline CD4% effects became greater with increasing age (P = .02). At 4 years, most immunologic benefits were still significant but diminished. Viral failure was highest in infancy (56%) and adolescence (63%).CONCLUSIONS:Initiating HAART at higher CD4% and younger ages maximizes potential for immunologic recovery. Guidelines should weigh immunologic benefits against long-term risks.