bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Survey to Policy: Community Relations in Northern Ireland
Authors: Devine Paula , Robinson Gillian 
Published: February 2014

Public policy is expected to be both responsive to societal views and accountable to all citizens. As such, policy is informed, but not governed, by public opinion. Therefore, understanding the attitudes of the public is important, both to help shape and to evaluate policy priorities. In this way, surveys play a potentially important role in the policy making process. The aim of this paper is to explore the role of survey research in policy making in Northern Ireland, with particular reference to community relations (better known internationally as good relations). In a region which is emerging from 40 years of conflict, community relations is a key policy area. For more than 20 years, public attitudes to community relations have been recorded and monitored using two key surveys: the Northern Ireland Social Attitudes Survey (1989 to 1996) and the Northern Ireland Life and Times Survey (1998 to present). This paper will illustrate how these important time series datasets have been used to both inform and evaluate government policy in relation to community relations. By using four examples, we will highlight how these survey data have provided key government indicators of community relations, as well as how they have been used by other groups (such as NGOs) within policy consultation debates. Thus, the paper will provide a worked example of the integral, and bi-directional relationship between attitude measurement and policy making.
The Politics of Silence: Music, Violence and Protest in Guinea
Authors: Dave Nomi 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
In this article, I consider the factors that lead musicians in Guinea to largely refrain from political critique and rarely express dissent. Representations in the popular and academic literature often emphasize music as a site for resistance, while young Guinean musicians speak of themselves as "warriors for peace." Their reactions to political violence in 2009, however, were muted and cautious. I argue that this stance stems from long-standing norms of silence and guardedness in Guinea, while musicians in the Guinean diaspora protest from a physical and cultural distance.
Who Owns an Interpretation? Legal and Symbolic Ownership of Norwegian Folk Music
Authors: Johansson Mats , Berge Ola K. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This article examines discourses of legal and symbolic ownership in Norwegian folk music. The point of departure is a growing tension between different conceptions of musical property rights: one centered on cultivating a shared heritage of musical style (the tradition); the other based on notions of artistic autonomy, individual rights, and legal ownership (copyright). By means of a case study documenting the use of a traditional song in popular music production, the analysis highlights the incompatibility between market and symbolic economies and explores questions of agency and authorship that pertain to the ongoing debate over "unauthorized" usage of traditional materials.
Musical Boundary-Work: Ethnomusicology, Symbolic Boundary Studies, and Music in the Afro-Gaucho Religious Community of Southern Brazil
Authors: Gidal Marc Meistrich 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis article combines ethnomusicology and symbolic boundary theory to explain musical boundary-work: the creation, interpretation, and use of music to reinforce, bridge, or reshape symbolic boundaries for social, political, spiritual, or other purposes. The multi-faith and multi-ethnic Afrogaucho religious community of metropolitan Porto Alegre, in southern Brazil, serves as the case study, because practitioners use musical liturgy to combine and segregate the Batuque, Umbanda, and Quimbanda religions and their denominations. This essay introduces the community, highlighting ethnoracial identity politics, and describes processes of musical boundary-work within the community, focusing on local concepts of crossing and purity.
Education in IT Security: A Case Study in Banking Industry
Authors: TSE W.K. DANIEL , HUI M.H. , LAM S.T. , MOK Y.C. , OEI W.C. , TANG K.L. , YAU X.L. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe banking industry has been changing incessantly and facing new combination of risks. Data protection and corporate security is now one of the major issues in banking industry. As the rapid changing on technologies from time to time, the industry should be aware on new technologies in order to protect information assets and prevent fraud activities. This paper begins with literature study of information security issues and followed by focused-group interviews with five participants within the industry and survey analysis of “The global state of Information Security survey 2013” which published by PriceWaterhouseCoopers (PWC). Trends and questions were discussed as well as possible solution. The study suggests that IT security education should be made to different level of staffs such as executives, professional and general staffs. Besides, the banking industry should increase company-wide security awareness and the importance of corporate security which keep the information and physical assets secure and in a proper way.
Protecting the Commons: the use of Subtidal Ecosystem Engineers in Marine Management
Authors: Braeckman Ulrike , Rabaut Marijn , Vanaverbeke Jan , Degraer Steven , Vincx Magda 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Biodiversity conservation often focuses on threatened or rare species. While this structural asset of biodiversity is indeed important, the functional diversity aspect has to be considered as an even more important criterion for marine management and conservation. This paper explores the use of functionally important ecosystem engineers in North Sea management approaches.
An overview of several North Sea ecosystem engineering species shows that ecosystem engineers such as bulldozing echinoderms and burrowing shrimps as well as bio‐irrigating polychaetes are bound to receive more attention in the management of marine areas than they do now, given their important structuring aspect in associated fauna and implications for seafloor ecosystem functioning.
The use of ecosystem engineers could contribute considerably to the concept of Ecosystem‐Based Management in the marine realm. This is clearly illustrated in the present case study of the bio‐irrigating polychaete Lanice conchilega. Since this species manifests both autogenic and allogenic ecosystem engineering properties, the management of human activities that affect common species such as L. conchilega reefs can enhance protection of the entire local ecosystem. In the North Sea, some commonly occurring ecosystem engineers and their engineered habitat can be protected under the European Habitats Directive and the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ASIS&T annual meeting pre‐conference activities: Full room for the third SIG/MET workshop
Authors: Larivière Vincent 
Published: February 2014

AbstractEDITOR'S SUMMARYSIG/MET presented its third Workshop on Informetric and Scientometric Research at the ASIS&T November 2013 Annual Meeting. Established in 2010, the group brings together those interested in all aspects of informetrics, including bibliometrics, scientometrics and webometrics, as well as metrics related to citation network analysis, visualization and scholarly communication. The meeting featured posters on measuring research in the context of academic monitoring and on the transition of meeting abstracts to peer‐reviewed journal articles. Thirteen papers were presented in sessions addressing the application of metrics and new indicators. A session on topics beyond the journal article included discussions on Twitter hashtag use, motivations for blog posts and advisees' career success relative to advisers' scholarly activity. SIG/MET recognized students for outstanding contributions on statistical analysis of citation rates, cognitive aspects of peer review and indicators for research evaluation. The symposium concluded with discussion of the availability of a Scopus dataset for arts and humanities journals for research use.
ASIS&T annual meeting plenary speaker: Jorge Garcìa highlights 2013 ASIS&T annual meeting
Authors: Hardin Steve , Garcìa Jorge 
Published: February 2014

AbstractEDITOR'S SUMMARYAt the 2013 ASIS&T Annual Meeting, Jorge Garcìa discussed the transformation of new information technologies from imagined abstractions to reality. Through old and current advertisements and interviews with futurist Arthur C. Clarke and communication theorist Marshall McLuhan, Garcìa illustrated the progressive revolutions embodied by the telephone, a shift from commuting to communicating, early visions of the Internet, new media and big data. Handling the change requires a continuous process of abstracting reality, augmenting, assimilating and creating models to represent its key features. Garcìa recognized data as an asset to be distilled and classified, stored in expanding volumes and transmitted at astounding speeds. Layered with contextual information and supportive technology, data can be used to enhance human intelligence and capability. Garcìa closed with an admonition to limit potential negative effects of technology by implementing clear and ethical practices in data and information use.
A fibre beam‐based approach for the evaluation of the seismic capacity of masonry arches
Authors: De Santis Stefano , de Felice Gianmarco 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYThe paper proposes the use of a fibre beam‐based methodology to study the dynamic behaviour of masonry arches and arch bridges. The approach, previously used for load‐carrying capacity assessment, allows for a detailed description of both the nonlinear material properties and the seismic action, with reasonable computational effort. As a first step, in order to validate the proposed method, the failure condition under acceleration pulse is analysed, and the results are compared with the solution provided by the mechanism method for different geometric configurations. The influence of material behaviour is also investigated. The seismic capacity of masonry arches is then assessed through pushover analyses under different load distributions and IDAs under natural accelerograms to identify a suitable representation of inertial forces arising under earthquake ground motion. Finally, the in‐plane seismic capacity of an existing seven‐span masonry arch bridge is evaluated. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimates of surface normal and curvature, reconstruction of continuum surface force model, and elimination of spurious currents
Authors: Wang Chunbai , Mitra Ambar K. 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYA reconstructed continuum surface force (CSF) model is presented for the volume‐of‐fluid (VOF) method in numerical simulations of surface tension‐driven flow. The gradient of VOF function yielded by the one‐direction difference (ODD) algorithm has second‐order accuracy in one direction and exhibits unit pulse function in the other direction. Use of our ODD algorithm for surface normal and curvature improves the accuracy of surface tension force estimate and meets the necessary condition of a circular droplet free of spurious currents. The immersed length, a physical depth of grid cell center introduced in this paper, is computed from VOF function and surface orientation. It is chosen instead of VOF function as weight parameters in the evaluations of density and volumetric surface tension force between interfacial grid cells. Grid cells and control cells are classified into interfacial, sublayer, and interior cells according to their distances to interface. Surface tension is thus constructed within interfacial or sublayer cells. The numerical approach is modified so that flow pressure solutions are sought only at those immersed grid cell centers. The transitional region from one fluid to the other is compressed. Spurious currents by no means grow on free surface in the numerical simulations using our algorithms and reconstructed CSF model. The simulation results agree with the Laplace pressure jump across a static circular free surface or experimental observations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐reported moderate‐to‐vigorous leisure time physical activity predicts less pain and disability over 12 months in chronic and persistent low back pain
Authors: Pinto R.Z. , Ferreira P.H. , Kongsted A. , Ferreira M.L. , Maher C.G. , Kent P. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundPhysical deconditioning in combination with societal and emotional factors has been hypothesized to compromise complete recovery from low back pain (LBP). However, there is a lack of longitudinal studies designed to specifically investigate physical activity as an independent prognostic factor. We conducted a prognostic study to investigate whether levels of leisure time physical activity are independently associated with clinical outcomes in people seeking care for chronic and persistent LBP.MethodsA total of 815 consecutive patients presenting with LBP to an outpatient spine centre in secondary care were recruited. Separate multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to investigate whether levels of leisure time physical activity (i.e., sedentary, light and moderate‐to‐vigorous leisure time physical activity levels) predict pain and disability at 12‐month follow‐up, after adjusting for age, pain, episode duration, disability, neurological symptoms, depression and fear of movement.ResultsFinal models showed evidence of an association between baseline physical activity and 12‐month outcomes (p < 0.001). In both models, the moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity group reported less pain and disability compared with the sedentary group.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that physical activity levels may have a role in the prognosis of LBP. Specific domains of physical activity warrant further investigation to better understand this association.
Does a history of depression actually mediate smoking‐related pain? Findings from a cross‐sectional general population‐based study
Authors: van Hecke O. , Torrance N. , Cochrane L. , Cavanagh J. , Donnan P.T. , Padmanabhan S. , Porteous D.J. , Hocking L. , Smith B.H. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundSmokers report more pain and worse functioning. The evidence from pain clinics suggests that depression affects this relationship: The association between smoking and chronic pain is weakened when controlling for depression. This study explored the relationship between smoking, pain and depression in a large general population‐based cohort (Generation Scotland: Scottish Family Health Study).MethodsChronic pain measures (intensity, disability), self‐reported smoking status and a history of major depressive disorder (MDD) were analysed. A multivariate analysis of covariance determined whether smoking status was associated with both pain measures and a history of depressive illness. Using a statistical mediation model any mediating effect of depression on the relationship between smoking and chronic pain was sought.ResultsOf all 24,024 participants, 30% (n = 7162) reported any chronic pain. Within this chronic pain group, 16% (n = 1158) had a history of MDD; 7108 had valid smoking data: 20% (n = 1408) were current smokers, 33% (n = 2351) former and 47% (n = 3349) never smokers. Current smokers demonstrated higher pain intensity and pain‐related disability scores compared with former and non‐smokers (p < 0.001 for all analyses). From the mediation model, the effect on pain intensity decreased (p < 0.001), indicating that the relationship between smoking and a history of depression contributes significantly to the effect of smoking on pain intensity. When applied to smoking‐related pain disability, there was no mediation effect.ConclusionsIn contrast to smokers treated in pain clinics, a history of MDD mediated the relationship between smoking and pain intensity, but not pain‐related disability in smokers in the community.
Optimal control of the temperature in a solar furnace
Authors: Costa Bertinho A. , Lemos João M. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryThis article describes the application of optimal control to a solar furnace that is used to perform temperature stress cycling tests in material samples. This process is characterized by having nonlinearities that depend on the sample properties and relate the temperature of the sample with the solar energy fluctuations and the position of the furnace shutter. An optimal control problem with fix terminal time and free terminal state and control constraints is addressed in continuous time domain. The solution is approximated using discretized state and costate equations and applied to the furnace according to a receding horizon strategy. The performance of the overall system is evaluated from computer simulations which show that the controller is able to tolerate, up to some degree, the presence of parameter uncertainty. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reactive power consumption in photovoltaic inverters: a novel configuration for voltage regulation in low‐voltage radial feeders with no need for central control
Authors: Papaioannou Ioulia T. , Purvins Arturs , Demoulias Charis S. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractHigh photovoltaic (PV) system generation in low‐voltage feeders can cause voltage rise especially in low demand conditions. The conventional way of coping with voltage violation is disconnection of the PV systems or curtailment of the generated power. To address this issue, a novel configuration for voltage management in a radial feeder via regulated reactive power capability in PV inverters is presented. The novelty of the proposed configuration is based on the fact that all the PV inverters with the ability to consume reactive power are involved in voltage regulation without being centrally controlled. In order to apply the configuration, a reference voltage is initially estimated for each PV system, and the PV inverters are calibrated accordingly. These settings depend on the feeder topology and can be calculated by the distribution network operator with a simple power flow modelling tool. Finally, this paper presents a sensitivity analysis in order to examine how reactive power consumption in a single inverter influences PV penetration and inverter sizing at various PV topologies along the feeder. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distributed sensor fault detection and isolation for multimachine power systems
Authors: Zhang Qi , Zhang Xiaodong , Polycarpou Marios M. , Parisini Thomas 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYThis paper presents a distributed sensor fault detection and isolation (FDI) scheme for multimachine power systems. Each generator is interconnected with other generators through a transmission network, where the interactions between directly interconnected generators are nonlinear. In the distributed FDI scheme, a local FDI component is designed for each generator excitation system in the power system based on local measurements and certain communicated information from other FDI components associated with generators that are directly interconnected to the local generator. In each FDI component, adaptive thresholds for distributed FDI are derived, ensuring robustness with respect to nonlinear interconnection and unstructured modeling uncertainty under certain conditions. Furthermore, the fault detectability and isolability properties are investigated, characterizing the class of sensor faults that are detectable and isolable by the distributed FDI method. In addition, the stability and learning capability of the local adaptive fault isolation estimators designed for each generator is derived. A simulation example of a two‐machine power system is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating modes of a complex dynamical network from impulse response data: Structural and graph‐theoretic characterizations
Authors: Wan Yan , Roy Sandip , Xue Mengran , Katragadda Veenadhar 
Published: February 2014

SummaryWe examine the role played by a linear dynamical network's topology in inference of its eigenvalues from noisy impulse‐response data. Specifically, for a canonical linear‐time‐invariant network dynamics, we relate the Cramer–Rao bounds on eigenvalue estimator performance (from impulse‐response data) to structural properties of the transfer function and in turn, to the network's topological structure. We begin by reviewing and enhancing algebraic characterizations of such eigenvalue estimates, which are based on pole‐residue and pole‐zero representations of the network's dynamics. We use these results to characterize mode estimation in networks with slow‐coherency structures, finding that stimulus and observation in each strongly connected network subgraph is needed for high‐fidelity estimation. We also obtain spectral and graphical characterizations of estimator performance for other graph classes (e.g., trees) and for the general case. These characterizations are used to determine the role of measurement and actuation locations in estimation performance. Finally, application of our results in dynamical‐network security is illustrated through a simple example, and a concrete procedure for network mode estimation that draws on our structural results is introduced to conclude the article. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic Counseling Graduate Student Debt: Impact on Program, Career and Life Choices
Authors: Kuhl Ashley , Reiser Catherine , Eickhoff Jens , Petty Elizabeth M. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe cost of education is rising, increasing student financial aid and debt for students pursuing higher education. A few studies have assessed the impact of student debt in medicine, physical therapy and social work, but little is known about the impact of student debt on genetic counseling students and graduates. To address this gap in knowledge, a web‐based study of 408 recent alumni of genetic counseling programs in North America was conducted to assess the impact of student debt on program, career and life choices. Over half (63 %; n = 256/408) of the participants reported that loans were extremely important in their ability to attend their training program, with most using subsidized loans no longer available to current graduate students. While participants were generally satisfied with their genetic counseling education, 83 % (n = 282/342) of participants with student debt reported feeling burdened by their debt, which had a median of $40,000–$50,000. This debt is relatively close to the median starting salary reported by survey participants ($45,000–$50,000), breaching the “20‐10 rule” that states student debt should not exceed 20 % of annual net income. In response to this critical issue, we propose recommendations for the genetic counseling field that may help alleviate student debt impact and burden.