bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Democracy at a Disadvantage? British Rearmament, the Shadow Factory Scheme and the Coming of War, 1936-40
Authors: Forbes Neil 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
This essay focuses on a problem confronting most advanced, industrial states as they prepared for and then engaged in fighting a material-intensive, modern war: how to produce armaments and synthetic products in peacetime but also establish capacity to satisfy a future and uncertain level of demand during wartime. In establishing "shadow factories" which were state-owned but built and operated by risk-averse, private-sector firms, Britain and Germany appeared to produce very similar national solutions for internationally-shared, economic problems. Rearmament policies were driven much less by ideological objectives and far more by economic exigencies. However, this essay examines how a combination of economic, political and strategic factors structured the operation of the shadow factory scheme in Britain. In contrast to interpretations that emphasise Britain's readiness for conflict, the evidence offered here suggests that the constraints imposed by democracy on the mobilisation of resources placed Britain at a disadvantage at the outset of the Second World War.
Leveraging Personal Networks to Support Knowledge Management in a Public Sector Organisation in Kuwait
Authors: Chaudhry Abdus Sattar 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAnalysis of knowledge management practices in a selected ministry in Kuwait showed that knowledge workers in the public sector identify personal contacts using traditional methods, but make heavy use of social networking tools and services to support personal networks. They communicate regularly with contacts that have expertise in their area of responsibility and prefer to follow up with those contacts whose work they admire. Knowledge workers perform a variety of activities on personal networks to strengthen knowledge management. However, a review of these activities indicates that there is a need to place more emphasis on collaborative learning through social bookmarks, reflecting and commenting on blogs, and editing wikis to provide effective support for knowledge management.
Acquisition of Audiovisual Materials on the Tiv Tyumbun Magic Rite by the Public Libraries in Benue State of Nigeria
Authors: Agber Tim Cuttings , Ugbagir Nancy Ngunan , Mngutyô James Ngushin , Amaakaven Fabian G. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe Tiv Tyumbun Magic Rite over time has been found useful for the treatment or removal of tambe (bewitchment), tyumbur (foolishness), geng or genggegen (disorders) and ukoghkogh (certain ailments) from people and for instilling normalcy and stability for the wellbeing of individuals. However, because of a lack of acquisition of audiovisual materials on the Tyumbun by public libraries, coupled with Christian religious interference, this important magic rite has been threatened with extinction. Therefore, this paper looks at acquisition of audiovisual materials on the Tiv Tyumbun Magic Rite and the role that the public library plays in trying to acquire and preserve this cultural heritage for posterity. The study sampled 105 library staff, library users, traditional priests and native doctors. Mean and standard deviation statistics were used to answer research questions, while chi-square was used for testing the hypotheses formulated at the 0.05 level of significance. It was discovered that public libraries do not acquire the Tiv magic rites of Ibyamegh, Iwya, Atseve, Waio, Igbye, Tyumbun, Akombu á Gbande, Kyurche, Vegh Akombu, and Atsuku. The study recommends that public libraries in Benue State should start acquiring audiovisual materials on the Tiv Tyumbun Magic Rite.
Charge Transport in Cu2S Nanocrystals Arrays: Effects
of Crystallite Size and Ligand Length
Authors: Bekenstein Yehonadav , Elimelech Orian , Vinokurov Kathy , Millo Oded , Banin Uri 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Quantum confinement effects are observed in transport measurements of
Cu2S nanocrystal based devices. Two nanocrystals sizes are
studied, 3 nm being in the quantum-confinement regime, and
14 nm, lacking confinement. The effect of ligand length on
the charge transport mechanism is studied via conductance temperature
dependence measurements. While in the 14 nm nanocrystal
based devices unique non-monotonic temperature dependence is observed,
the 3 nm based devices show only thermally activated
transport for all ligands. The difference is attributed to
a cross-over from inter-particle hopping to intra-particle dominated
transport as the ligand length increases. In the 3 nm
devices the effect of ligand length on the charge-hopping activation
energy is also discussed.
Orphan enzyme cuts down on sugar
Authors: Urban Siniša 
Published: November 2014

The reclusive enzymes that catalyze proteolysis inside the cell membrane are among the most widespread in nature, yet most remain ‘orphans’ whose cellular functions are poorly understood. Now, Voss et al identify Golgi‐resident glycosyltransferases and glycosidases as substrates for the presenilin‐like protease SPPL3. Shedding of these glycan‐modifying enzymes from the membrane down‐regulates global protein N‐glycosylation.
Female Breast Cancer and Electrical Manufacturing: Results of a Nested Case‐control Study
Authors: Oddone Enrico , Edefonti Valeria , Scaburri Alessandra , Vai Tiziana , Bai Edoardo , Modonesi Carlo , Crosignani Paolo , Imbriani Marcello 
Published: November 2014

Female Breast Cancer and Electrical Manufacturing: Results of a Nested Case‐control Study: Enrico ODDONE, et al. Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Occupational Medicine Unit, University of Pavia, Italy—BackgroundA previous explorative record‐linkage study suggested a putative role of employment in electrical manufacturing in increasing female breast cancer risk in the Province of Milan (Italy). We deepened the understanding of this possible association in a single large electrical manufacturing plant located in Lombardy in the Province of Milan.MethodsWe carried out a nested case‐control study within a cohort of women employed in a large electrical manufacturing plant. All incident cases during 2002 to 2009 of female breast cancer in individuals who worked at least a 1 year in the factory and resided in Lombardy, Italy, were selected. Controls were randomly sampled from all women who worked in the same plant and resided in Lombardy as of December 31, 2005. Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using multiple logistic regression models, taking into consideration only female workers as ever/never exposed to physical/chemical agents and their longest occupational period. ORs were adjusted for several potential confounders, namely, other known risk factors.ResultsThe ORs for female breast cancer were significantly increased for exposure to chlorinated solvents (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.04−2.62), and there was a twofold increase (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.21−3.66) among women exposed for at least 10 years. We found no other significantly increased OR by exposure or job title.ConclusionsOur results suggest an increased risk of breast cancer after exposure to chlorinated solvents among women employed in the electrical manufacturing industry.
O fardo e o fio: na contramão da procissão historiográfica
Authors: Pires Francisco Murari 
Published: November 2014

Este ensaio traz uma reflexão sobre os pressupostos do diálogo “Antigos e Modernos” no horizonte da tradição do pensamento historiográfico. A intriga por que é equacionado esse diálogo que presentifica os aportes dos Antigos na atualidade dos Modernos é evocada pela contraposição entre o “fardo” e o “fio”, ambos situados em contraposição à ideia de historia magistra vitae. O “fio”, (re)considerado como metáfora de apreensão historiográfica do “fardo”, é posto em questão de modo a interpelar que relação os Modernos estabelecem com os Antigos. Sugere-se uma reconfiguração pela ideia de desfiar o fardo para que a trajetória reflexiva siga na contramão da procissão historiográfica. Ao longo do ensaio a argumentação toma inspiração no modo de construção narrativa hesiódica: conta-se uma série de intrigas “míticas” (ou histórias) que se sucedem para apresentar, a cada vez, um outro enfoque sobre a temática, de modo que o “mito” seguinte repercuta seu sentido sobre o antecedente, retomando-o e enriquecendo-o, modificando-o por esse renovado sentido e fazendo com que os nexos dos encadeamentos assim tramados façam avançar a compreensão da questão na medida em que se interpela o tema.
Relationship Between Serologic Markers of Periodontal Bacteria and Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components
Authors: Shrestha Deepika , Choi Youn‐Hee , Zhang Jiajia , Hazlett Linda J. , Merchant Anwar T. 
Published: November 2014

Background: Periodontitis is a result of a complex biologic alteration of the periodontal microenvironment and a distributional shift of key periodontal pathogens. Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a complex cluster of cardiovascular risk factors, has been linked to periodontal diseases; however, the contribution of periodontal bacteria to systemic conditions remains unclear.Methods: The study population comprised 7,848 United States adults who participated in an interview, underwent a clinical oral‐health examination, and had serum immunoglobulin G titers measured against 19 periodontal bacteria as part of the third National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey. The z‐score antibody titers were clustered into four mutually exclusive groups and named after Socransky's classification of periodontal bacteria (Orange‐Red, Red‐Green, Yellow‐Orange, and Orange‐Blue). Survey logistic regression was used to investigate the independent associations between the cluster scores, and MetS and each component, including hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, low high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, central obesity, and elevated fasting glucose.Results: The Orange‐Red cluster score (that included Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella spp.) was positively associated (odds ratio [OR] = 1.067, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02 to 1.12) and the Orange‐Blue cluster score (which included Actinomyces naeslundii and Eubacterium nodatum) was inversely associated (OR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.88 to 0.97) with elevated fasting glucose (≥110 mg/dL) after adjustment for clusters and potential confounders. Neither MetS nor its other remaining MetS components were associated with a particular cluster score.Conclusions: The associations between specific antibody clusters (Orange‐Red and Orange‐Blue) against periodontal bacteria and elevated plasma glucose were in qualitatively opposite directions after multivariable adjustment in a large, adult population. The periodontal bacterial profile was not found to be associated with metabolic control other than a very moderate association with elevated plasma glucose.
Six-Week Versus Twelve-Week Antibiotic Therapy for Nonsurgically Treated Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis: A Multicenter Open-Label Controlled Randomized Study
Authors: Tone Alina , Nguyen Sophie , Devemy Fabrice , Topolinski Hélène , Valette Michel , Cazaubiel Marie , Fayard Armelle , Beltrand Éric , Lemaire Christine , Senneville Éric 
Published: November 2014

OBJECTIVE
Little is known about the optimal duration of antibiotic therapy for diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO). This study sought to compare the effectiveness of 6 versus 12 weeks of antibiotic therapy in patients with DFO treated nonsurgically (i.e., antibiotics alone).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This was a prospective randomized trial comparing 6- versus 12-week duration of antibiotic treatment. Remission of osteomyelitis during the monitoring period was defined as complete and persistent (&gt;4 weeks) healing of the wound (if present initially), absence of recurrent infection at the initial site or that of adjacent rays, and no need for surgical bone resection or amputation at the end of a follow-up period of at least 12 months after completion of antibiotic treatment.

RESULTS
Forty patients followed at five French general hospitals were randomized between January 2007 and January 2009, with 20 treated for 6 weeks and 20 treated for 12 weeks with antibiotics. The two groups were comparable for all variables recorded at inclusion in the study. Remission was obtained in 26 (65%) patients, with no significant differences between patients treated for 6 versus 12 weeks (12/20 vs. 14/20, respectively; P = 0.50). We did not identify any significant parameters associated with patient outcome. Fewer patients treated for 6 weeks experienced gastrointestinal adverse events related to antimicrobial therapy compared with patients treated for 12 weeks (respectively, 15 vs. 45%; P = 0.04).

CONCLUSIONS
The present multicenter prospective randomized study provides data suggesting that 6-week duration of antibiotic therapy may be sufficient in patients with DFO for whom nonsurgical treatment is considered.
Effect of Taping on Spinal Pain and Disability: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials
Authors: Vanti Carla , Bertozzi Lucia , Gardenghi Ivan , Turoni Francesca , Guccione Andrew A. , Pillastrini Paolo 
Published: November 2014

Background
Taping is a widely used therapeutic tool for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders, nevertheless its effectiveness is still uncertain.

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to conduct a current review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) concerning the effects of elastic and nonelastic taping on spinal pain and disability.

Data Sources
MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PEDro, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Scopus, ISI Web of Knowledge, and SPORTDiscus databases were searched.

Study Selection
All published RCTs on symptomatic adults with a diagnosis of specific or nonspecific spinal pain, myofascial pain syndrome, or whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) were considered.

Data Extraction
Two reviewers independently selected the studies and extracted the results. The quality of individual studies was assessed using the PEDro scale, and the evidence was assessed using GRADE criteria.

Data Synthesis
Eight RCTs were included. Meta-analysis of 4 RCTs on low back pain demonstrated that elastic taping does not significantly reduce pain or disability immediately posttreatment, with a standardized mean difference of −0.31 (95% confidence interval=−0.64, 0.02) and −0.23 (95% confidence interval=−0.49, 0.03), respectively. Results from single trials indicated that both elastic and nonelastic taping are not better than placebo or no treatment on spinal disability. Positive results were found only for elastic taping and only for short-term pain reduction in WAD or specific neck pain. Generally, the effect sizes were very small or not clinically relevant, and all results were supported by low-quality evidence.

Limitations
The paucity of studies does not permit us to draw any final conclusions.

Conclusion
Although different types of taping were investigated, the results of this systematic review did not show any firm support for their effectiveness.
Cygne blanc, cygne noir. Le sublime et la destruction dans la danse
Authors: Callegari Sabine 
Published: November 2014

Le Lac des cygnes offre à une danseuse étoile un rôle mythique, en lequel la dialectique du sublime et de la destruction se noue à la question de la double nature du féminin. Posant la danse comme la forme fondamentale de l’orgie, Freud l’a prise d’emblée à partir du sexuel, donc de la dualité d’éros et de thanatos. Au regard de cette dualité, la singularité de la danse est du côté de la grâce ; dès lors, une formulation lacanienne pourrait écrirequ’une femme transcen-danse. La destruction, dans la danse, serait la douleur de la danseuse, interrogeant ce que Freud a défini comme « masochisme féminin », et que l’article réarticule en terme de mascarade masochiste. Le pas de deux, figure sublime de la danse, vient parer au rapport sexuel qui n’existe pas. La thèse principale du texte est que la danse est homothétique de l’amour.
ARTICLE RETIRÉ : « Une histoire sans commencement »
Authors: Escriva Amparo 
Published: November 2014

« une histoire sans commencement ». analyse d’une petite fille de 7 ans présentant des problèmes de temporalité	Dans ce texte, j’exposerai un matériel clinique concernant l’évolution de la première phase de l’analyse d’une petite fille qui présente des problèmes de temporalité entraînant un mauvais fonctionnement du moi et du processus d’identification. Des vécus traumatiques et des défenses fragiles font que cette petite fille se sent paralysée dans le temps, ce qui rend difficile les processus de symbolisation et de constitution d’un moi capable d’organiser sa temporalité historique. Soutenus par les références spatio-temporelles du cadre, le travail analytique et la relation transférentielle ont permis à Cristina de transformer son expérience du vécu traumatique, fragmenté et sans connexions, en une construction historique. Elle a pu ainsi continuer ses processus d’identification. Certaines somatisations – avant et pendant le traitement – ont contribué à l’échec de l’organisation défensive de Cristina, en agissant à certains moments de façon régressive et à d’autres de façon progressive, vers l’élaboration psychique.
Faire circuler des vélos et des personnes
Authors: Tironi Martin 
Published: November 2014

Appréciés pour leur caractère respectueux de l’environnement, les systèmes de vélos en libre-service (VLS) se sont développés dans le monde entier, devenant un must pour les villes désireuses de s’inscrire dans ce que l’on nomme désormais la « culture verte ». Cet article entend analyser le système de vélos en libre-service parisien (Vélib’) en considérant une dimension souvent ignorée par la littérature scientifique sur le sujet, mais pourtant essentielle : le travail que réalisent quotidiennement plus de 400 agents afin d’assurer le fonctionnement de ce programme de transport. S’appuyant sur des entretiens et des observations ethnographiques menés avec les agents de maintenance de JCDecaux, cet article se propose d’analyser la pluralité d’opérations qui permet au programme Vélib’ d’être mis à jour 24h/24. À travers la description des savoirs et savoir-faire mobilisés par ces agents de maintenance, nous montrons comment ces acteurs, de par leur contact quotidien avec la ville et les usagers, deviennent des sortes de « sociologues » de la mobilité et des usagers. L’écologie urbaine apparaît pour les agents comme un véritable champ d’exploration et d’expérimentation, un espace habité par l’incertitude qu’ils doivent réparer et maintenir au moyen d’instruments et pratiques divers. Plutôt que de partir d’objets apparemment stabilisés et prêts à l’utilisation, il s’est agi de suivre la trajectoire de la technologie Vélib’ dans l’action de maintenance. C’est par les opérations d’entretien que nous allons essayer de nous interroger quant à l’un des « modes d’existence » du Vélib’, montrant que ces pratiques, tout à la fois distribuées et locales, sont celles qui participent à la composition du contingent de vélos du service Vélib’.
11. Qui a recours au travail dissimulé et pourquoi ?
Authors: Heim Jérôme , Ischer Patrick 
Published: November 2014

Cet article présente le profil des personnes ayant recours au travail dissimulé et leurs motivations. Il questionne également les particularités du travail non déclaré par rapport aux activités déclarées et la meilleure employabilité future des personnes qui y recourent. Au-delà de leur diversité, les parcours biographiques présentent le plus souvent des difficultés et une rupture dans la scolarité et la vie professionnelle. Le travail dissimulé fournit alors des revenus et permet de conserver une image positive de soi-même mise à mal par l’incertitude professionnelle. Mise à part l’absence de déclaration, le travail dissimulé revêt des caractéristiques semblables aux activités déclarées en termes d’organisation du travail. Il existe quatre justifications récurrentes du travail dissimulé. La première le présente comme une stratégie de détournement d’une règle jugée trop contraignante. La deuxième le montre comme un service informel au sein d’un réseau de particuliers. Dans la troisième, les individus expliquent que le travail dissimulé leur permet de développer un nouveau domaine de compétences, différentes de celles exercées au quotidien. La quatrième justification est une démonstration de responsabilité individuelle : le travail dissimulé permet aux individus d’éviter de recourir à l’aide sociale.
Foam Rolling for Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness and Recovery of Dynamic Performance Measures
Authors: Pearcey Gregory E. P. , Bradbury-Squires David J. , Kawamoto Jon-Erik , Drinkwater Eric J. , Behm David G. , Button Duane C. 
Published: November 2014

Context:
After an intense bout of exercise, foam rolling is thought to alleviate muscle fatigue and soreness (ie, delayed-onset muscle soreness [DOMS]) and improve muscular performance. Potentially, foam rolling may be an effective therapeutic modality to reduce DOMS while enhancing the recovery of muscular performance.

Objective:
To examine the effects of foam rolling as a recovery tool after an intense exercise protocol through assessment of pressure-pain threshold, sprint time, change-of-direction speed, power, and dynamic strength-endurance.

Design:
Controlled laboratory study.

Setting:
University laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:
A total of 8 healthy, physically active males (age = 22.1 ± 2.5 years, height = 177.0 ± 7.5 cm, mass = 88.4 ± 11.4 kg) participated.

Intervention(s):
Participants performed 2 conditions, separated by 4 weeks, involving 10 sets of 10 repetitions of back squats at 60% of their 1-repetition maximum, followed by either no foam rolling or 20 minutes of foam rolling immediately, 24, and 48 hours postexercise.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Pressure-pain threshold, sprint speed (30-m sprint time), power (broad-jump distance), change-of-direction speed (T-test), and dynamic strength-endurance.

Results:
Foam rolling substantially improved quadriceps muscle tenderness by a moderate to large amount in the days after fatigue (Cohen d range, 0.59 to 0.84). Substantial effects ranged from small to large in sprint time (Cohen d range, 0.68 to 0.77), power (Cohen d range, 0.48 to 0.87), and dynamic strength-endurance (Cohen d = 0.54).

Conclusions:
Foam rolling effectively reduced DOMS and associated decrements in most dynamic performance measures.