bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healthcare transition challenges faced by young adults with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Hall T , Kriz D , Duvall S , Nguyen‐Driver M , Duffield T 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that impacts communicative interactions, with patterns of repetitive and restricted behaviors, interests, and cognitive rigidity. Recent incidence rate estimates for ASD are 1 in 68, and primarily male (4:1). A major epidemiological issue in ASD is transitioning to independence in adulthood, particularly navigating the healthcare system. This commentary will focus on approaches healthcare providers can use to not overlook and support individuals with ASD.
Transient optogenetic inactivation of the medial entorhinal cortex biases the active population of hippocampal neurons
Authors: Rueckemann Jon W. , DiMauro Audrey J. , Rangel Lara M. , Han Xue , Boyden Edward S. , Eichenbaum Howard 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThe mechanisms that enable the hippocampal network to express the appropriate spatial representation for a particular circumstance are not well understood. Previous studies suggest that the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) may have a role in reproducibly selecting the hippocampal representation of an environment. To examine how ongoing MEC activity is continually integrated by the hippocampus, we performed transient unilateral optogenetic inactivations of the MEC while simultaneously recording place cell activity in CA1. Inactivation of the MEC caused a partial remapping in the CA1 population without diminishing the degree of spatial tuning across the active cell assembly. These changes remained stable irrespective of intermittent disruption of MEC input, indicating that while MEC input is integrated over long time scales to bias the active population, there are mechanisms for stabilizing the population of active neurons independent of the MEC. We find that MEC inputs to the hippocampus shape its ongoing activity by biasing the participation of the neurons in the active network, thereby influencing how the hippocampus selectively represents information. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sonographic evaluation for intra‐abdominal hemorrhage after cesarean delivery
Authors: Hoppenot Claire , Tankou Joan , Stair Sabrina , Gossett Dana R. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTPurposeTo evaluate whether intra‐abdominal hemorrhage is visible on a modified focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) examination in stable obstetrics patients after a nonemergent cesarean delivery.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study of patients who underwent nonemergent cesarean delivery at a single institution. Patients provided written informed consent to participate in the study preoperatively and underwent a modified FAST examination in the recovery room within 2 hours of completion of surgery. A sonographic examination was considered positive for hemorrhage if an anechoic pocket consistent with free fluid was present.ResultsOne hundred patients underwent suprapubic and bilateral upper‐quadrant sonographic evaluations. The mean (±SD) time of the evaluation was 74.2 ± 36 minutes after the end of surgery. Among the 100 sonographic examinations of each upper quadrant, 194 (97.0%) were negative, 5 (2.5%) were indeterminate, and 1 (0.5%) was positive for fluid. All suprapubic sonographic examinations were considered inadequate.ConclusionsSonographic evaluation immediately after cesarean delivery is feasible in most patients and was overwhelmingly negative for intra‐abdominal hemorrhage in a group of patients who did not require reoperation or unexpected blood transfusion. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 44:240–244, 2016
Interval Minors of Complete Bipartite Graphs
Authors: Mohar Bojan , Rafiey Arash , Tayfeh‐Rezaie Behruz , Wu Hehui 
Published: August 2015

AbstractInterval minors of bipartite graphs were recently introduced by Jacob Fox in the study of Stanley–Wilf limits. We investigate the maximum number of edges in ‐interval minor‐free bipartite graphs. We determine exact values when and describe the extremal graphs. For , lower and upper bounds are given and the structure of ‐interval minor‐free graphs is studied.
Experimental Study of the Reactions of OH Radicals with Propane,n‐Pentane, andn‐Heptane over a Wide Temperature Range
Authors: Morin Julien , Romanias Manolis N. , Bedjanian Yuri 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThe kinetics of the reactions of propane,n‐pentane, andn‐heptane with OH radicals has been studied using a low‐pressure flow tube reactor (P = 1 Torr) coupled with a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The rate constants of the title reactions were determined under pseudo–first‐order conditions, monitoring the kinetics of OH radical consumption in excess of the alkanes. A newly developed high‐temperature flow reactor was validated by the study of the OH + propane reaction, where the reaction rate constant,k1 = 5.1 × 10−17T1.85exp(–160/T) cm3molecule−1s−1(uncertainty of 20%), measured in a wide temperature range, 230–898 K, was found to be in excellent agreement with previous studies and current recommendations. The experimental data for the rate constants of the reactions of OH withn‐pentane andn‐heptane can be represented as three parameter expressions (in cm3molecule−1s−1, uncertainty of 20%):k2 = 5.8 × 10−18T2.2exp(260/T) atT= 248–900 K andk3 = 2.7 × 10−16T1.7exp(138/T) atT= 248–896 K, respectively. A combination of the present data with those from previous studies leads to the following expressions:k1 = 2.64 × 10−17T1.93exp(–114/T),k2 = 9.0 × 10−17T1.8exp(120/T), andk3 = 3.75 × 10−16T1.65exp(101/T) cm3molecule−1s−1, which can be recommended fork1,k2, andk3(with uncertainty of 20%) in the temperature ranges 190–1300, 240–1300, and 220–1300 K, respectively.
Kinetic and Mechanisms of the Homogeneous, Unimolecular Elimination of Phenyl Chloroformate andp‐Tolyl Chloroformate in the Gas Phase
Authors: Lezama Jesus , Chuchani Gabriel 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThe gas‐phase elimination of phenyl chloroformate gives chlorobenzene, 2‐chlorophenol, CO2, and CO, whereasp‐tolyl chloroformate producesp‐chlorotoluene and 2‐chloro‐4‐methylphenol CO2and CO. The kinetic determination of phenyl chloroformate (440–480oC, 60–110 Torr) andp‐tolyl chloroformate (430–480°C, 60–137 Torr) carried out in a deactivated static vessel, with the free radical inhibitor toluene always present, is homogeneous, unimolecular and follows a first‐order rate law. The rate coefficient is expressed by the following Arrhenius equations:Phenyl chloroformate:Formation of chlorobenzene, logkI= (14.85 ± 0.38)–(260.4 ± 5.4) kJ mol−1(2.303RT)−1;r= 0.9993Formation of 2‐chlorophenol, logkII= (12.76 ± 0.40) – (237.4 ± 5.6) kJ mol−1(2.303RT)−1;r= 0.9993p‐Tolyl chloroformate:Formation ofp‐chlorotoluene: logkI= (14.35 ± 0.28) – (252.0 ± 1.5) kJ mol–1(2.303RT)−1;r= 0.9993Formation of 2‐chloro‐4‐methylphenol, logkII= (12.81 ± 0.16) – (222.2 ± 0.9) kJ mol−1(2.303RT)–1;r= 0.9995The estimation of thekIvalues, which is the decarboxylation process in both substrates, suggests a mechanism involving an intramolecular nucleophilic displacement of the chlorine atom through a semipolar, concerted four‐membered cyclic transition state structure; whereas thekIIvalues, the decarbonylation in both substrates, imply an unusual migration of the chlorine atom to the aromatic ring through a semipolar, concerted five‐membered cyclic transition state type of mechanism. The bond polarization of the C–Cl, in the sense Cδ+…Clδ−, appears to be the rate‐determining step of these elimination reactions.
Land Use Effects on Mangrove Nutrient Status in Phang Nga Bay, Thailand
Authors: Wolters Jan‐Willem , Gillis Lucy G. , Bouma Tjeerd J. , van Katwijk Marieke M. , Ziegler Alan D. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTropical mangrove forests can play an important role in the functioning of adjacent marine ecosystems, by protecting them from an excess in land‐derived sediment and nutrients. The strength of this interaction may however depend on the nutrient status of the mangrove forest. This study related the nutrient status of eight mangrove forests in Phang Nga Bay (Thailand) to the land‐cover distributions in the upstream catchment areas. Nutrient status was assessed using indicators integrating over short (porewater and sediment nutrient composition) and long timespans (mangrove leaves and sesarmid crab tissue characteristics). Using multivariate statistics (PCA analysis), these nutrient status data were then related to the land cover data, which were obtained through the analysis of satellite imagery. Nutrient availability was lowest for mangroves in catchments with large natural vegetation cover and was elevated in catchments with increasing levels of anthropogenic influence. Furthermore, nutrient availability was significantly correlated with several forms of land use, including natural forest, rice paddies, cleared ground and urban areas. While all indicators supported these results, relationships were strongest for long‐term indicators. Information on the relationship between land use in the catchment area and mangrove nutrient status may be important for the effective management of this habitat, as well as adjacent marine systems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Therapeutic advances in dystonia
Authors: Albanese Alberto , Romito Luigi M. , Calandrella Daniela 
Published: August 2015

AbstractKnowledge on dystonia has greatly improved recently, because of a renewed effort in understanding its cause, pathophysiology, and clinical characterization. Different drug classes traditionally have been used for the symptomatic treatment of dystonia, more recently surpassed by the introduction of botulinum neurotoxins and deep brain stimulation. No curative or disease‐modifying treatments are available. Recent knowledge regarding the pathophysiology of inherited dystonias is highlighting new potential treatment strategies. We review therapeutic advances in dystonia that have been published over the last 3 years, particularly regarding oral medications, local injections of botulinum neurotoxins, deep brain stimulation, and transcranial or epidural brain stimulations. We discuss evidence of efficacy, highlight recent advances, and focus on key areas under development. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Functional electron paramagnetic resonance imaging of ischemic rat heart: Monitoring of tissue oxygenation and pH
Authors: Gorodetsky Artem A. , Kirilyuk Igor A. , Khramtsov Valery V. , Komarov Denis A. 
Published: August 2015

PurposeElectron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) imaging in the spectral‐spatial domain with application of soluble paramagnetic probes provides an opportunity for spatially resolved functional measurements of living objects. The purpose of this study was to develop EPR methods for visualization of oxygenation and acidosis of ischemic myocardium.MethodsEPR oxygen measurements were performed using isotopically substituted 2H,15N‐dicarboxyproxyl. The radical has an EPR line width of 320 mG and oxygen‐induced line broadening of 0.53 mG/mm Hg, providing oxygen sensitivity down to 5 μM. pH measurements were performed using previously developed pH‐sensitive imidazoline nitroxide. The radical has an EPR spectrum with pH‐dependable hyperfine splitting, pK = 6.6, providing pH sensitivity of approximately 0.05 U in the physiological range.ResultsEPR imaging of isolated and perfused rat hearts was performed in the two‐dimensional + spectral domain. The spatial resolution of the measurements was about 1.4 mm. Marked tissue hypoxia was observed in the ischemic area of the heart after occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Tissue oxygenation was partly restored upon reperfusion. EPR mapping of myocardial pH indicated acidosis of the ischemic area down to pH 6.7–6.8.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the capability of low‐field EPR and the nitroxide spin probes for mapping of myocardial oxygenation and pH. The developed approaches might be used for noninvasive investigation of microenvironment on living objects. Magn Reson Med 76:350–358, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simultaneous quantitative mapping of conductivity and susceptibility using a double‐echo ultrashort echo time sequence: Example using a hematoma evolution study
Authors: Gho Sung‐Min , Shin Jaewook , Kim Min‐Oh , Kim Dong‐Hyun 
Published: August 2015

PurposeThe primary purpose of this study is to propose a method for the simultaneous quantitative three‐dimensional (3D) mapping of conductivity and susceptibility using double‐echo ultrashort echo time (UTE) imaging. The secondary purpose is to investigate the changes of these properties over time during in vitro hematoma evolution in blood samples.MethodsThe first and second set of echo data for a UTE sequence were used to perform quantitative conductivity mapping (QCM) and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), respectively. A simulation study was conducted to determine the echo time (TE) range that was acceptable for QCM. Subsequently, a NaCl phantom experiment and in vivo 3D QCM and QSM demonstrations were performed. The changes in electromagnetic (EM) properties over time were studied using in vitro blood coagulation experiments with venous blood from healthy volunteers.ResultsQuantitative and qualitative analyses showed small differences in the QCM for TE values up to 300 μs. The estimated conductivity and susceptibility values monotonically increased during the first few hours of the hematoma evolution experiments. However, although the susceptibility values continued to increase, the conductivity values were steady after 24 h.ConclusionThe proposed method can be useful for determining EM property changes (including those during hemorrhage) and providing additional information about the state of the blood. Magn Reson Med 76:214–221, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Acquisition of 3D temperature distributions in fluid flow using proton resonance frequency thermometry
Authors: Buchenberg Waltraud B. , Wassermann Florian , Grundmann Sven , Jung Bernd , Simpson Robin 
Published: August 2015

PurposeProton resonance frequency thermometry is well established for monitoring small temperature changes in tissue. Application of the technique to the measurement of complex temperature distributions within fluid flow is of great interest to the engineering community and could also have medical applications. This work presents an experimental approach to reliably measure three‐dimensional (3D) temperature fields in fluid flow using proton resonance frequency thermometry.MethodsA velocity‐compensated three‐dimensional gradient echo sequence was used. A flexible pumping system was attached to an MR compatible double pipe heat exchanger. The temperature of two separate flow circuits could be adjusted to produce various three‐dimensional spatial temperature distributions within the fluid flow. Validation was performed using MR compatible temperature probes in a uniformly heated flow. A comparative study was conducted with thermocouples in the presence of a spatially varying temperature distribution.ResultsIn uniformly heated flow, temperature changes were accurately measured to within 0.5 K using proton resonance frequency thermometry, while spatially varying temperature changes measured with MR showed good qualitative agreement with pointwise measurements using thermocouples.ConclusionProton resonance frequency thermometry can be used in a variety of complex flow situations to address medical as well as engineering questions. This work makes it possible to gain new insights into fundamental heat transfer phenomena. Magn Reson Med 76:145–155, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High‐resolution mapping of neuronal activation with balanced SSFP at 9.4 tesla
Authors: Scheffler Klaus , Ehses Philipp 
Published: August 2015

PurposeThis work investigates the feasibility of high‐resolution functional imaging of the human brain using passband balanced steady state free precession (SSFP) at 9.4 Tesla (T). To this end, the temporal signal stability, blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent (BOLD)‐related signal changes and sensitivity to frequency offsets were evaluated.MethodsThree‐dimensional slab selective and nonselective balanced SSFP have been implemented with minimized repetition time and high temporal resolution using parallel imaging, partial Fourier acquisition and elliptical scanning. Using a volume repetition time of approximately 3 s, a visual checker board stimulation was applied for 6 min. Temporal signal stability of balanced SSFP and BOLD response‐related signal changes and sensitivity to frequency changes were evaluated.ResultsActivation could be detected in all volunteers with BOLD‐related signal changes from 3% to 6%. At 1 mm isotropic resolution, the thermal noise SNR0 was 67 and the total temporal noise variation tSNR was 45 supporting a very high signal stability of balanced SSFP. No significant changes of activation at different offresonance frequencies were detected.ConclusionHigh spatial and temporal resolution balanced SSFP at 9.4T to detect functional activation is feasible. Activation patterns and signal changes are stable and reproducible across subjects within the visual cortex, and comparable to reported values of SE‐EPI at 7T and 9.4T. Magn Reson Med 76:163–171, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Seasonal surface urban energy balance and wintertime stability simulated using three land‐surface models in the high‐latitude city Helsinki
Authors: Karsisto P. , Fortelius C. , Demuzere M. , Grimmond C. S. B. , Oleson K. W. , Kouznetsov R. , Masson V. , Järvi L. 
Published: August 2015

The performance of three urban land‐surface models, run in off‐line mode, with their default external parameters, is evaluated for two distinctly different sites in Helsinki: Torni and Kumpula. The former is a dense city‐centre site with 22% vegetation, while the latter is a suburban site with over 50% vegetation. At both locations the models are compared against sensible and latent heat fluxes measured using the eddy covariance technique, along with snow depth observations. The cold climate experienced by the city causes strong seasonal variations that include snow cover and stable atmospheric conditions.Most of the time the three models are able to account for the differences between the study areas as well as the seasonal and diurnal variability of the energy balance components. However, the performances are not systematic across the modelled components, seasons and surface types. The net all‐wave radiation is well simulated, with the greatest uncertainties related to snow‐melt timing, when the fraction of snow cover has a key role, particularly in determining the surface albedo. For the turbulent fluxes, more variation between the models is seen which can partly be explained by the different methods in their calculation and partly by surface parameter values. For the sensible heat flux, simulation of wintertime values was the main problem, which also leads to issues in predicting near‐surface stabilities particularly at the dense city‐centre site. All models have the most difficulties in simulating latent heat flux. This study particularly emphasizes that improvements are needed in the parametrization of anthropogenic heat flux and thermal parameters in winter, snow cover in spring, and evapotranspiration, in order to improve the surface energy balance modelling in cold‐climate cities.
A novel bit scalable leakage model based on genetic algorithm
Authors: Zhang Zhenbin , Wu Liji , Wang An , Mu Zhaoli , Zhang Xiangmin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWith the growing popularity of smart integrated circuit (IC) cards, the chip security is attracting more and more attention. Researches on the attack and protection of smart IC cards have become increasingly hot. Side‐channel attack is the practical and effective method, which has brought enormous threat. The efficiency of attack depends on the extent of the leakage model, which characterizes the practical applications. In the power analysis attack, the classical leakage model usually exploits the power consumption of single S‐box, which is called divide and conquer. Taking data encryption standard (DES) algorithm, for example, the attack on each S‐box needs to search the key space of 26 in a brute‐force way. In this paper, we propose a novel leakage model, which is more flexible than the classical leakage model. The novel leakage model is based on the power consumption of multiple S‐boxes, and the implementation of this method is combined with genetic algorithm. We can establish leakage model based on the Hamming distance of round output generated by eight S‐boxes in DES algorithm. The experiment verifies the fact that the leakage model of eight S‐boxes can decrease the traces number up to 52% than the classical one based on single S‐box for DES algorithm. It also decreases the traces number up to 32% for SM4 algorithm. All the measurements of power data are acquired from a practical smart IC card. We also conclude that increasing noise, using variable clock, and limiting the lifetime of root key can be the choices of defensive strategy. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of pelvic floor muscle contraction with palpation, perineometry and transperineal ultrasound: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Volløyhaug I. , Mørkved S. , Salvesen Ø. , Salvesen K. Å. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo study the correlation between palpation, perineometry and transperineal ultrasound for assessment of pelvic floor muscle contraction and to define a contraction scale for ultrasound measurements.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study of 608 women examined with palpation of pelvic floor muscle contraction, using the Modified Oxford Scale, and measurement of the vaginal squeeze pressure with a vaginal balloon connected to a fiber‐optic microtip transducer (perineometry). Transperineal ultrasound was used for measurements of levator hiatal area and anteroposterior (AP) diameter in the plane of minimal hiatal dimensions, at rest and on contraction. The pelvic floor muscle contraction was expressed as the percentage difference between values at rest and on contraction. Spearman's rank was used to test for correlation between the different methods of assessment.ResultsSignificant correlations were found between all assessment methods (P < 0.001). Palpation correlated with perineometry (rs = 0.74) and with proportional change in hiatal area (rs = 0.67) and AP diameter (rs = 0.69) on ultrasound. Perineometry correlated with proportional change in hiatal area (rs = 0.60) and AP diameter (rs = 0.66) on ultrasound. We defined a contraction scale based on the proportional change in AP diameter. In this population, a change in AP diameter of < 7% corresponded to absence of contractions, 7–18% corresponded to weak contractions, 18–35% corresponded to normal contractions and > 35% corresponded to strong contractions.ConclusionsWe found moderate to strong correlation between ultrasound measurements, palpation and perineometry for assessing pelvic floor muscle contraction. The proportional change in levator hiatal AP diameter was the ultrasound measurement with strongest correlation to palpation and perineometry and formed the basis for the contraction scale for ultrasound measurements. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.