bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smads as muscle biomarkers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Si Ying , Cui Xianqin , Kim Soojin , Wians Robert , Sorge Robert , Oh Shin J. , Kwan Thaddeus , AlSharabati Mohammad , Lu Liang , Claussen Gwen , Anderson Tina , Yu Shaohua , Morgan Dylan , Kazamel Mohamed , King Peter H. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo identify molecular signatures in muscle from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) that could provide insight into the disease process and serve as biomarkers.MethodsRNA sequencing was performed on ALS and control muscle samples to identify Smad family members as potential markers of disease. Validation studies were performed in a cohort of 27 ALS patients and 33 controls. The markers were assessed in the G93A superoxide dismutase (SOD)1 mouse at different stages of disease and in a model of sciatic nerve injury.ResultsSmad8, and to a lesser extent Smad1 and 5, mRNAs were significantly elevated in human ALS muscle samples. The markers displayed a remarkably similar pattern in the G93A SOD1 mouse model of ALS with increases detected at preclinical stages. Expression at the RNA and protein levels as well as protein activation (phosphorylation) significantly increased with disease progression in the mouse. The markers were also elevated to a lesser degree in gastrocnemius muscle following sciatic nerve injury, but then reverted to baseline during the muscle reinnervation phase.InterpretationThese data indicate that Smad1, 5, 8 mRNA and protein levels, as well as Smad phosphorylation, are elevated in ALS muscle and could potentially serve as markers of disease progression or regression.
Adaptive sliding mode observer design for a class of uncertain systems
Authors: Liu Wen‐Jeng 
Published: October 2014

SUMMARYState feedback method is quite popular in control engineering field. However, some popular properties of state feedback approach cannot be used while any of the system states cannot be obtained beforehand. Therefore, this paper proposes a new observer design for a class of uncertain systems through sliding mode control theory. Based on strictly positive real concept, the stability of the equivalent error system is verified. Further, by using the generalized matrix inverse approach, the proposed switching term can drive the error states to zero, and it ensures the global reaching condition of the sliding mode of the error system. Moreover, the presented sliding mode observer is proposed to possess the invariance property to the uncertainty and/or external disturbance. Furthermore, the developed sliding mode observer is extended to release the limitation of knowing the bounds of the lumped perturbations in advance. That is, not only a new sliding mode observer but also a new adaptive sliding mode observer is proposed in this paper. Finally, three examples are illustrated to demonstrate the validity of the proposed sliding mode observer and the proposed adaptive sliding mode observer. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Jojoba oil biorefinery using a green catalyst. Part I: Simulation of the process
Authors: Sánchez Marcos , Marchetti Jorge M. , Boulifi Noureddin El , Martínez Mercedes , Aracil José 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn this paper, the concept of a biorefinery is focused on the use of jojoba oil together with a catalyst produced from waste derived from the fish industry to obtain jojobyl alcohols as a main product and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) as co‐product. The overall process is divided into three steps: a transesterification step, crystallization step, and a purification step. For the study of this process, two different simulation softwares were used to run the mass and energy balances. In addition, the main properties of transesterified jojoba oil, jojobyl alcohols, and FAME were also determined. On one hand, the jojobyl alcohols (11‐eicosenol, 13‐docosenol, and 15‐tetracosenol), which are obtained through two‐step crystallizations, have many pharmaceutical applications and a high added value as a main product. From these results, it is concluded that the FAME obtained as a co‐product during the process is not suitable to be sold as biodiesel, but it might be used in the biorefinery to produce electricity, making the overall process energy more efficient. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
A novel system of galangin–potassium permanganate–polyphosphoric acid for the determination of tryptophan and its chemiluminescence mechanism
Authors: Li Li , Guo Ruibin , Zhang Dongxia , Du Xinzhen 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA novel galangin–potassium permanganate (KMnO4)–polyphosphoric acid (PPA) system was found to have an outstanding response to tryptophan (Trp). Trp determination using this KMnO4–PPA system was enhanced significantly in the presence of galangin. A highly sensitive flow‐injection chemiluminescence (CL) method to determine Trp was developed based on the CL reaction of galangin–KMnO4–Trp in PPA media. The presence of galangin, a member of the flavonol class of flavonoid complexes, greatly increased the luminous intensity of Trp in KMnO4–PPA systems. Under optimized conditions, Trp was determined in the 0.05–10 µg/mL range, with a detection limit (3σ) of 5.0 × 10−3 µg/mL. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was 1.0% for 11 replicate determinations of 1.0 µg/mL Trp. Two synthetic samples were determined selectively with recoveries of 98.4–100.1% in the presence of other amino acids. The possible mechanism is summarized as follows: excited states of Mn(II)* and Mn(III * types are the main means of generating chemical luminescent species, and Trp concentration and luminescence intensity have a linear relationship, which enables quantitative analysis. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The M1 Phase of MoVTeNbO as a Catalyst for Olefin Metathesis and Isomerization
Authors: Amakawa Kazuhiko , Kolen'ko Yury V. , Schlögl Robert , Trunschke Annette 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPolycrystalline MoVTeNb oxide composed of the M1 phase was studied in the transformation of propene at reaction temperatures between 323 and 573 K in the absence of oxygen and water. Surprisingly, the catalyst showed considerable activity in propene metathesis to ethene and 2‐butenes, which was attributed to partial reduction of the catalyst surface under the reaction conditions. The multifunctionality of the M1 phase, which is known as a selective catalyst for the direct oxidation of propane to acrylic acid, was furthermore reflected in the formation of 1‐butene and isobutene owing to C4 isomerization. This study demonstrates the diversity of the M1 phase as a catalyst, which is based on surface dynamics and structural stability, and further improves the understanding of the complex reaction network of short‐chain hydrocarbons over MoVTeNbO M1 catalysts.
Cation‐Coupled Bicarbonate Transporters
Authors: Aalkjaer Christian , Boedtkjer Ebbe , Choi Inyeong , Lee Soojung 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCation‐coupled HCO3−transport was initially identified in the mid‐1970s when pioneering studies showed that acid extrusion from cells is stimulated by CO2/HCO3−and associated with Na+and Cl−movement. The first Na+‐coupled bicarbonate transporter (NCBT) was expression‐cloned in the late 1990s. There are currently five mammalian NCBTs in the SLC4‐family: the electrogenic Na,HCO3‐cotransporters NBCe1 and NBCe2 (SLC4A4andSLC4A5gene products); the electroneutral Na,HCO3‐cotransporter NBCn1 (SLC4A7gene product); the Na+‐driven Cl,HCO3‐exchanger NDCBE (SLC4A8gene product); and NBCn2/NCBE (SLC4A10gene product), which has been characterized as an electroneutral Na,HCO3‐cotransporter or a Na+‐driven Cl,HCO3‐exchanger. Despite the similarity in amino acid sequence and predicted structure among the NCBTs of the SLC4‐family, they exhibit distinct differences in ion dependency, transport function, pharmacological properties, and interactions with other proteins. In epithelia, NCBTs are involved in transcellular movement of acid‐base equivalents and intracellular pH control. In nonepithelial tissues, NCBTs contribute to intracellular pH regulation; and hence, they are crucial for diverse tissue functions including neuronal discharge, sensory neuron development, performance of the heart, and vascular tone regulation. The function and expression levels of the NCBTs are generally sensitive to intracellular and systemic pH. Animal models have revealed pathophysiological roles of the transporters in disease states including metabolic acidosis, hypertension, visual defects, and epileptic seizures. Studies are being conducted to understand the physiological consequences of genetic polymorphisms in theSLC4‐members, which are associated with cancer, hypertension, and drug addiction. Here, we describe the current knowledge regarding the function, structure, and regulation of the mammalian cation‐coupled HCO3−transporters of the SLC4‐family. © 2014 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol4:1605‐1637, 2014.
Provably secure and pairing‐free identity‐based handover authentication protocol for wireless mobile networks
Authors: Islam SK Hafizul , Khan Muhammad Khurram 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThis study presented an efficient design of identity‐based handover authentication protocol for wireless mobile networks under the prime‐order elliptic curve cryptosystem. The present work does not include the time‐consuming and expensive bilinear pairing and map‐to‐point hash functions. The proposed protocol is analyzed in the random oracle model and also demonstrated to have other security properties, including protection against replay attack and denial‐of‐service attack, user anonymity and unlinkability, subscription validation, conditional privacy preservation, and mutual authentication. Our handover authentication protocol is examined to be more efficient from the size of the security parameter and computation costs than the previous protocols. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐Nuclear Attractor in a Molecular Compound under External Pressure
Authors: Wu Lai‐Chin , Jones Cameron , Stasch Andreas , Platts James A. , Overgaard Jacob 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe dimeric magnesium(I) compound [{(DipNacnac)Mg}2] [1, DipNacnac = (DipNCMe)2CH, Dip = 2,6‐diisopropylphenyl] has previously been shown to exhibit a non‐nuclear attractor (NNA) between the two Mg atoms in the molecular ground state by both experimental and theoretical electron‐density studies. To study the stability and characteristics of this topological entity, we have determined the molecular structure of1in the pressure range from 0.4 to 1.9 GPa by high‐pressure single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The central Mg–Mg bond contracts significantly in this range to 97 % of the value at ambient pressure and a temperature of 100 K. High‐level single‐point theoretical calculations with the resulting atomic coordinates show that the NNA is persistently present in the topology at all pressures and that the difference between the value of the electron density at the NNA and the Mg–NNA bond critical point (bcp) is close to a maximum at the Mg–Mg separation that is found experimentally.
Zirconocene Complexes as Catalysts for the Cycloaddition of CO2 to Propylene Oxide
Authors: Kim So Han , Ahn Duseong , Kang Yi Young , Kim Min , Lee Ki‐Soo , Lee Junseong , Park Myung Hwan , Kim Youngjo 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSix zirconocene derivatives were systematically designed; one of the cyclopentadienyl (Cp) ligands of zirconocene dichloride [Cp2ZrCl2] was silylated and this group was then incrementally increased in size; furthermore, one derivative with a 4,4′‐disilylbiphenyl bridge between the two zirconocene fragments was prepared. One zirconium complex was characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. All zirconium complexes were effective catalysts for the cycloaddition of CO2 to propylene oxide. Two complexes containing a biphenyl group attached to a SiMe2 group showed higher activity than the other complexes. In addition, the dinuclear complex containing the biphenylenebis(dimethylsilyl) bridge showed the highest activity among all the zirconium complexes reported. Furthermore, these complexes are the first examples of zirconocene catalytic systems for the cycloaddition reaction of CO2 to propylene oxide.
Tunnel spoil – New technologies on the way from waste to raw material / Tunnelausbruch – Neue Technologien für den Weg vom Abfall zum Rohstoff
Authors: Erben Hartmut , Galler Robert 
Published: October 2014

AbstractConsidering the increasing shortage of resources, the reuse of material excavated from tunnels is the order of the day, which is being followed by clients, consultants and contractors as well as lawmakers. In addition to the creation of a legal situation to enable efficient and unbureaucratic reuse, further technical developments are also required in relation to material analysis to enable an immediate characterisation of the material at the face according to the decisive parameters for reuse. The linking of these results with a raw material database, in which the results of the material analyses are stored, represents a step towards modern, web‐based handling of mineral raw materials.Die Wiederverwertung von Tunnelausbruchmaterial ist in Anbetracht zunehmender Rohstoffverknappung ein Gebot der Stunde, das es sowohl von Auftraggebern, Planern und Baufirmen als auch dem Gesetzgeber selbst zu verfolgen gilt. Neben der Schaffung einer rechtlichen Situation, die eine effiziente und unbürokratische Verwertung ermöglicht, sind auch technische Weiterentwicklungen in Bezug auf eine Materialanalyse gefordert, die eine Charakterisierung des Ausbruchmaterials sofort am Anfallort nach den für eine Verwertung entscheidenden Parametern ermöglicht. Die Verknüpfung dieser Resultate mit einer Rohmaterialdatenbank, die mit den Ergebnissen der Materialanalyse gespeist wird, stellt den Schritt zu einem modernen, webbasierten Handel mit mineralischen Rohstoffen dar.
Spatial and temporal functional connectivity changes between resting and attentive states
Authors: Bray Signe , Arnold Aiden E.G.F. , Levy Richard M. , Iaria Giuseppe 
Published: October 2014

AbstractRemote brain regions show correlated spontaneous activity at rest within well described intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs). Meta‐analytic coactivation studies have uncovered networks similar to resting ICNs, suggesting that in task states connectivity modulations may occur principally within ICNs. However, it has also been suggested that specific “hub” regions dynamically link networks under different task conditions. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging at rest and a continuous visual attention task in 16 participants to investigate whether a shift from rest to attention was reflected by within‐network connectivity modulation, or changes in network topography. Our analyses revealed evidence for both modulation of connectivity within the default‐mode (DMN) and dorsal attention networks (DAN) between conditions, and identified a set of regions including the temporoparietal junction (TPJ) and posterior middle frontal gyrus (MFG) that switched between the DMN and DAN depending on the task. We further investigated the temporal nonstationarity of flexible (TPJ and MFG) regions during both attention and rest. This showed that moment‐to‐moment differences in connectivity at rest mirrored the variation in connectivity between tasks. Task‐dependent changes in functional connectivity of flexible regions may, therefore, be understood as shifts in the proportion of time specific connections are engaged, rather than a switch between networks per se. This ability of specific regions to dynamically link ICNs under different task conditions may play an important role in behavioral flexibility. Hum Brain Mapp 36:549–565, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Individual peak gamma frequency predicts switch rate in perceptual rivalry
Authors: Fesi Jeremy D. , Mendola Janine D. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPerceptual rivalry—the experience of alternation between two mutually exclusive interpretations of an ambiguous image—provides powerful opportunities to study conscious awareness. It is known that individual subjects experience perceptual alternations for various types of bistable stimuli at distinct rates, and this a stable, heritable trait. Also stable and heritable is the peak frequency of induced gamma‐band (30–100 Hz) oscillation of a population‐level response in occipital cortex to simple visual patterns, which has been established as a neural correlate of conscious processing. Interestingly, models for rivalry alternation rate and for the frequency of population‐level oscillation have both cited inhibitory connections in cortex as crucial determinants of individual differences, and yet the relationship between these two variables has not yet been investigated. Here, we used magnetoencephalography to compare differences in alternation rate for binocular and monocular types of perceptual rivalry to differences in evoked and induced gamma‐band frequency of neuromagnetic brain responses to simple nonrivalrous grating stimuli. For both types of bistable images, alternation rate was inversely correlated with the peak frequency of late evoked gamma activity in primary visual cortex (200–400 ms latency). Our results advance models of inhibition that account for subtle variation in normal visual cortex, and shed light on how small differences in anatomy and physiology relate to individual cognition and performance. Hum Brain Mapp 36:566–576, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Emotions and White Racial Identity Status Attitudes
Authors: Siegel Matthew P. , Carter Robert T. 
Published: October 2014

Relationships between emotional states and White racial identity status attitudes (Helms, , 1990) were tested on a sample of 286 White students. The stimulus was a vignette in which one condition involved explicit racial information and one did not. Participants rated baseline and posttest emotions and completed the White Racial Identity Attitude Scale (Helms & Carter, ). In the race condition, levels of posttest fear decreased as levels of autonomy status attitudes increased.Se realizó un test sobre las relaciones entre los estados emocionales y las actitudes de estado de identidad racial blanca (Helms, , 1990) en una muestra de 286 estudiantes blancos. El estímulo fue una viñeta en la cual una de las condiciones incluía información racial explícita y otra no. Los participantes evaluaron las emociones de referencia y con posterioridad al test, y completaron la Escala de Actitudes de Identidad Racial Blanca (Helms & Carter, ). En la condición de raza explícita, los niveles de miedo con posterioridad al test disminuyeron, mientras que los niveles de actitudes de estado de autonomía aumentaron.
Oligosaccharides composition in eight food legumes species as detected by high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Fan Pei‐Hong , Zang Mei‐Tong , Xing Jie 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDAs probiotics, soy oligosaccharides have become popular as healthy foods to reduce disease risk. However, comprehensive information about oligosaccharides in different food legumes is limited.RESULTSIn this study, eight oligosaccharides were well detected and quantified in different varieties of eight legume species using high‐resolution mass spectrometry. It was determined that species could be distinguished by total content of oligosaccharides and their distribution modes. Among the studied species, Vigna unguiculata is a better resource of non‐digestible oligosaccharides, while Vicia faba and black soybean (Glycine max) are at a disadvantage. Normally, stachyose predominates in non‐digestible oligosaccharides, except in mung bean and broad bean, where verbascose predominates. For mung bean and green soybean, the seed coat should be taken into account for oligosaccharide consumption. The developed high‐resolution mass spectrometry method greatly simplified the sample preparation process and permitted the identification of oligosaccharides without reference compounds.CONCLUSIONThis work involved extensive sample collecting and provided useful information for consumers. The developed method may be useful for rapid quantification of oligosaccharides in related foods. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Central pharmacokinetics of levodopa: Lessons from imaging studies
Authors: Stoessl A. Jon 
Published: October 2014

AbstractFunctional imaging may be particularly helpful for the assessment of levodopa (l‐dopa) response and long‐term complications of therapy in Parkinson's disease. Radiotracer imaging allows the quantitative determination of regional changes in blood flow and glucose metabolism, as well as alterations in brain connectivity and network activation and changes in dopamine receptors, non‐dopaminergic neurotransmitter systems, and to a lesser extent, signaling pathways downstream to dopamine receptors. The focus of the present article, however, is the application of positron emission tomography (PET) to study the central pharmacokinetics of l‐dopa. Radioligands with limited affinity for the dopamine D2 receptor are sensitive to changes in the levels of synaptic dopamine and can accordingly provide helpful insights into the magnitude and time course of dopamine release after l‐dopa. Prolonged fluorodopa PET scans can be used to estimate the rate of dopamine turnover. Studies performed with these techniques have demonstrated increased dopamine turnover and increased but shorter duration release of dopamine after l‐dopa as Parkinson's disease (PD) progresses, increased release of dopamine in patients with l‐dopa–induced dyskinesia, and that aberrant patterns of dopamine release may actually predict the future development of motor fluctuations. Taken together, the studies provide in vivo validation for the hypothesis that pulsatile stimulation of dopamine receptors plays a critical role in the emergence of long‐term motor complications of therapy. Similar approaches can be used to study the non‐motor complications of PD and its treatment. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Magnetic resonance imaging of ionic currents in solution: The effect of magnetohydrodynamic flow
Authors: Balasubramanian Mukund , Mulkern Robert V. , Wells William M. , Sundaram Padmavathi , Orbach Darren B. 
Published: October 2014

PurposeReliably detecting MRI signals in the brain that are more tightly coupled to neural activity than blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent fMRI signals could not only prove valuable for basic scientific research but could also enhance clinical applications such as epilepsy presurgical mapping. This endeavor will likely benefit from an improved understanding of the behavior of ionic currents, the mediators of neural activity, in the presence of the strong magnetic fields that are typical of modern‐day MRI scanners.TheoryOf the various mechanisms that have been proposed to explain the behavior of ionic volume currents in a magnetic field, only one—magnetohydrodynamic flow—predicts a slow evolution of signals, on the order of a minute for normal saline in a typical MRI scanner.MethodsThis prediction was tested by scanning a volume‐current phantom containing normal saline with gradient‐echo‐planar imaging at 3 T.ResultsGreater signal changes were observed in the phase of the images than in the magnitude, with the changes evolving on the order of a minute.ConclusionThese results provide experimental support for the MHD flow hypothesis. Furthermore, MHD‐driven cerebrospinal fluid flow could provide a novel fMRI contrast mechanism. Magn Reson Med 74:1145–1155, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.