bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new application‐level link aggregation and its implementation on Android terminals
Authors: Takiguchi Takafumi , Hidaka Akira , Masui Hiromu , Sugizaki Yoshio , Mizuno Osamu , Asatani Koichi 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTLink aggregation bundles multiple physical links on a single virtual link, enabling very high‐speed and large‐capacity data communications. It also enables redundant communications. Several link aggregation methods have been proposed. These methods utilize transport/or lower layer link aggregation. In this paper, a new application‐level link aggregation is proposed and implemented on Android operating system (OS), which is one of the popular OSs for mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet PCs. The proposed application‐level link aggregation method is verified with use of an implemented terminal. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SNR and throughput analysis of distributed collaborative beamforming in locally‐scattered environments
Authors: Zaidi Slim , Affes Sofiène 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTThree main collaborative beamforming (CB) solutions based on different channel models exist: the optimal CSI‐based CB (OCB), the conventional or monochromatic (i.e., single‐ray) distributed CB (M‐DCB), and the recently developed bichromatic (i.e., two‐ray) distributed CB (B‐DCB). In this paper, we perform an analytical comparison, under practical constraints, between these CB solutions in terms of achieved signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) as well as achieved throughput. Assuming the presence of local scattering in the source vicinity and accounting for implementation errors incurred by each CB solution, we derive for the first time closed‐form expressions of their true achieved SNRs. For low angular spread (AS), where both solutions nominally achieve the same SNR in ideal conditions, we show that the B‐DCB always outperforms OCB, more so and at larger regions of AS values when errors increase. Excluding exceptional circumstances of unrealistic low quantization levels (i.e., very large quantization errors) that are hard to justify in practice, we also show that the new B‐DCB always outperforms the M‐DCB as recently found nominally in ideal conditions. This work is also the first to push the performance analysis of CB to the throughput level by taking into account the feedback overhead cost incurred by each solution. We prove both by concordant analysis and simulations that the B‐DCB is able to outperform, even for high AS values, the OCB which is penalized by its prohibitive implementation overhead, especially for a large number of collaborating terminals and/or high Doppler frequencies. Indeed, it is shown that the operational regions in terms of AS values over which the new B‐DCB is favored against OCB in terms of achieved throughput can reach up to 40°. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Compressed sensing construction of spectrum map for routing in cognitive radio networks
Authors: Shih Sung‐Yin , Chen Kwang‐Cheng 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTCooperative relay enables multihop cognitive radio networks of cognitive radios (CRs) and nodes of primary system. However, successful CR networking functions such as routing prefer on the knowledge of radio resource availability associated with location, which is a challenge of traditional spectrum sensing. We introduce the concept of spectrum map encompassing spectrum and location information to facilitate multihop routing in highly dynamic environment, in addition to utilizing statistics of opportunistic links. Because traditional spectrum sensing only knows local information of CR transmitter, it is difficult and resource consuming to construct the entire spectrum map. We therefore extend the compressed sensing technique requiring very limited local sensing to establish spectrum map. We analyze the communication overhead and practically construct the spectrum map via expander graph. Finally, we demonstrate using spectrum map to reliably route packets of CRs in an end‐to‐end way, under the guaranteed outage for nodes in primary system and maximizing the throughput among cooperative CRs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selection of multinomial logit models via association rules analysis
Authors: Changpetch Pannapa , Lin Dennis K.J. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn this research, we propose a novel approach for a multinomial logit model selection procedure: specifically, we apply association rules analysis to identifying potential interactions for multinomial logit modeling. Interaction effects are very common in reality, but conventional multinomial logit model selection methods typically ignore them. This is especially true for higher‐order interactions. Here, we develop a model selection framework to address this problem. Specifically, we focus on building an optimal multinomial logit model by (1) exploring the combinations of input variables that have a significant impact on response (via association rules analysis); (2) selecting potential (low‐order and high‐order) interactions; (3) converting these potential interactions into new dummy variables; and (4) performing variable selections among all the input variables and the newly created dummy variables (interactions). Our model selection procedure is the first approach to provide a global search for potential interactions and establish the optimal combination of main effects and interaction effects in the multinomial logit model. In our investigation, we consider both simulated and real‐life datasets, thereby confirming the effectiveness and efficiency of this method. WIREs Comput Stat 2013, 5:68–77. doi: 10.1002/wics.1242This article is categorized under:

Data: Types and Structure > Categorical Data
Statistical Models > Generalized Linear Models
Statistical Models > Model Selection
A low molecular mass cutinase of Thielavia terrestris efficiently hydrolyzes poly(esters)
Authors: Yang Shaoqing , Xu Haibo , Yan Qiaojuan , Liu Yu , Zhou Peng , Jiang Zhengqiang 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
A low molecular mass cutinase (designated TtcutA) from Thielavia terrestris was purified and biochemically characterized. The thermophilic fungus T. terrestris CAU709 secreted a highly active cutinase (90.4 U ml−1) in fermentation broth containing wheat bran as the carbon source. The cutinase was purified 19-fold with a recovery yield of 4.8 %. The molecular mass of the purified TtcutA was determined as 25.3 and 22.8 kDa using SDS-PAGE and gel filtration, respectively. TtcutA displayed optimal activity at pH 4.0 and 50 °C. It was highly stable up to 65 °C and in the broad pH range 2.5–10.5. Extreme stability in high concentrations (80 %, v/v) of solvents such as methanol, ethanol, acetone, acetonitrile, isopropanol, and dimethyl sulfoxide was observed for the enzyme. The K m values for this enzyme towards p-nitrophenyl (pNP) acetate, pNP butyrate, and pNP caproate were 7.7, 1.0, and 0.52 mM, respectively. TtcutA was able to efficiently degrade various ester polymers, including cutin, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycaprolactone (PCL), and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) at hydrolytic rates of 3 μmol h−1 mg−1 protein, 1.1 mg h−1 mg−1 protein, 203.6 mg h−1 mg−1 protein, and 56.4 mg h−1 mg−1 protein, respectively. Because of these unique biochemical properties, TtcutA of T. terrestris may be useful in various industrial applications in the future.
Inanspruchnahme von Hilfen bei Pathologischem Glücksspielen
Authors: Bischof Anja , Meyer Christian , Bischof Gallus , Kastirke Nadin , John Ulrich , Rumpf Hans-Jürgen 
Published: December 2012

Ziel: Die vorliegende Studie berichtet über die Inanspruchnahme von suchtspezifischen Hilfen bei Pathologischen Glücksspielern. Methode: Die Bevölkerungsstichprobe basiert auf 15 023 Probanden, deren Telefonnummern zufällig gezogen wurden. Zusätzlich wurden in 39 Glücksspielstätten 303 Spieler befragt. Mit einem computergestützten telefonischen Interview wurden Spielverhalten und Spielprobleme bezogen auf die Lebenszeit erfragt. In beiden Stichproben zusammen wurden 232 Probanden erfasst, die im Verlauf ihres Lebens pathologisch gespielt hatten. Von ihnen erhielten 105 Personen ein vertiefendes klinisches Interview. Ergebnisse: Von den Befragten berichteten 20 % Kontakt zum Hilfesystem im Verlauf ihres Lebens. Weitergehenden Kontakt berichteten 10,5 %, am häufigsten wurden Suchtberatungsstellen (5,7 %), Selbsthilfegruppen (4,8 %) und ambulante Psychotherapie (3,8 %) genannt. Inanspruchnahme formeller Hilfen war mit der Problemschwere assoziiert (p = .022). Außerdem zeigte sich ein Zusammenhang zwischen bestimmten DSM-IV Kriterien und dem Kontakt zum Hilfesystem. Schlussfolgerungen: Es ist von einer gravierenden Unterversorgung Pathologischer Glücksspieler auszugehen. Glücksspielspezifische Hilfeangebote scheinen die Betroffenen bislang nicht in ausreichendem Maße zu erreichen.
Movement and Habitat Differentiation among Adult Shoal Bass, Largemouth Bass, and Spotted Bass in the Upper Flint River, Georgia
Authors: Goclowski Matthew R. , Kaeser Adam J. , Sammons Steven M. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The Shoal Bass Micropterus cataractae is a fluvial specialist endemic to the Apalachicola River drainage in Alabama, Florida, and Georgia that has experienced declines throughout much of its range. The Flint River, Georgia, represents the largest remaining intact ecosystem for Shoal Bass in their native range. Spotted Bass M. punctulatus have recently been introduced into this system, causing concern about the potential negative impacts the species may have on the native populations of Shoal Bass and Largemouth Bass M. salmoides. To assess the symmetry and strength of competition and gain the greatest perspective on the interrelationships among these sympatric, congeneric species, we compared the movement patterns and habitat use of all three species of black bass present in this system. Fifteen Shoal Bass, 10 Largemouth Bass, and 6 Spotted Bass were implanted with radio transmitters in the Flint River and tracked for a period of 1 year (2008). Daily and hourly movements did not vary among species or season, though individuals of each species were observed moving &gt;5 km to shoal complexes during spring. Habitat overlap varied between species during the study; overlap was highest between Spotted Bass and Largemouth Bass, intermediate between Spotted Bass and Shoal Bass, and lowest between Shoal Bass and Largemouth Bass. Shoal Bass tended to select coarse rocky habitat, while Largemouth Bass tended to select depositional habitat. Spotted Bass exhibited the widest niche breadth and generally used habitat in proportion to its availability. Use of similar habitats by these three species during the spring spawning period highlights the potential risk of genetic introgression of the two native species by introduced Spotted Bass. Physical barriers that restrict access to habitat during long-distance seasonal movements, as observed for several Shoal Bass in this study, may negatively impact populations of this species.
Received March 31, 2012; accepted October 12, 2012
An assessment of the antioxidant potential of coriander extracts in ghee when stored at high temperature and during deep fat frying
Authors: Patel Shriyesh , Shende Sneha , Arora Sumit , Singh Ashish K 
Published: December 2012

A coriander extract was evaluated for its potential to increase oxidative stability of ghee. Antioxidant activity using β‐carotene–linoleic acid model system and radical scavenging activity by 2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl hydrate free (DPPH) was higher in steam distilled extract compared to its oleoresin counterpart. Steam distilled extract and oleoresin were significantly effective in retarding the deterioration of ghee relative to control, as observed in peroxide value, conjugated dienes, thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value and oxidative stability index at the end of 21 days of storage. However, these were less effective than butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). During deep fat frying, steam distilled extracts showed higher antioxidant activity compared to oleoresin and BHA.
Reliable and Robust Molecular Sexing of the Hen Harrier (Circus cyaneus) Using PCR‐RFLP Analysis of the CHD 1 Gene
Authors: Henderson Anique , Lee Christine Michelle , Mistry Vanisha , Thomas Martin Derek , Iyengar Arati 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe hen harrier (Circus cyaneus) is a bird of prey that is persecuted in the United Kingdom, and there is a need for a DNA‐based individual identification and sexing system for the use in forensic investigations. This study reports a new set of PCR primers for the chromo‐helicase‐DNA‐binding protein 1 gene, which allows sexing using PCR‐RFLP. Instead of exonic primers that amplify across a large intron, this set consists of a primer within the intron, enabling reduction in amplicon sizes from 356 to 212 bp and 565 to 219 bp in W and Z chromosomes. DNA degradation and dilution experiments demonstrate that this set is significantly more robust than one that amplifies across the intron, and sequencing of the intronic primer‐binding region across several individuals shows that it is highly conserved. While our objective is to incorporate this primer set into an STR‐based individualization kit, it may in the meantime prove useful in forensic or conservation studies.
Forces Required for a Knife to Penetrate a Variety of Clothing Types
Authors: Nolan Gary , Hainsworth Sarah V. , Rutty Guy N. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn stabbing incidents, it is usual for the victim to be clothed and therefore a knife penetrates both clothes and skin. Clothes (other than leather) have been thought to make little difference to the penetration force. However, there is little quantitative data in the literature. In this study, a range of clothes have been tested, either singly or in layers of, for example, T‐shirt and shirt, to quantify the additional force required when clothes are present. A materials testing system has been used to test the penetration force required to stab through clothes into a foam–silicone rubber skin simulant. The results show that the force required can be significantly different, particularly when layers of clothing are penetrated. A cotton t‐shirt adds c. 8 N to the penetration force, while a T‐shirt and jacket can add an additional 21 N. The results allow a more quantitative assessment of forces required in stabbing.
Comparison of Protocols for Measuring and Calculating Postmortem Submersion Intervals for Human Analogs in Fresh Water
Authors: Humphreys Michael K. , Panacek Edward , Green William , Albers Elizabeth 
Published: December 2012

AbstractProtocols for determining postmortem submersion interval (PMSI) have long been problematic for forensic investigators due to the wide variety of factors affecting the rate of decomposition of submerged carrion. Likewise, it has been equally problematic for researchers to develop standardized experimental protocols to monitor underwater decomposition without artificially affecting the decomposition rate. This study compares two experimental protocols: (i) underwater in situ evaluation with photographic documentation utilizing the Heaton et al. total aquatic decomposition (TAD) score and (ii) weighing the carrion before and after submersion. Complete forensic necropsies were performed as a control. Perinatal piglets were used as human analogs. The results of this study indicate that in order to objectively measure decomposition over time, the human analog should be examined at depth using the TAD scoring system rather than utilizing a carrion weight evaluation. The acquired TAD score can be used to calculate an approximate PMSI.
Utility of a Grief Services Program for Medical Examiners' Offices
Authors: Berry Ryan S. , Aurelius Michelle B. , Barickman Nancy , Lathrop Sarah L. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMedical examiner/coroner's (ME/C) offices investigate sudden, violent, and unexpected deaths, leaving those close to the deceased suffering traumatic loss with little in terms of support and counseling. We investigated a grief services program (GSP) at the New Mexico Office of the Medical Investigator (OMI) to better understand the needs of bereaved individuals, identify the services provided, and propose our findings as a model for others. A total of 1085 contacts occurred over 1 year, with the majority occurring at OMI (60.5%), followed by telephone (23.1%). Support was primarily provided to those suffering a loss due to homicide (28.8%) and suicide (26.1%). The roles grief counselors play in the setting of a GSP and ME/C office are multiple. Given the frequent utilization of OMI's GSP and diverse reasons for visits, it is apparent there is a need for GSPs at ME/C offices, particularly given the traumatic nature of deaths investigated by ME/Cs.
Fatal Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Antipsychotic Medication
Authors: Ely Susan F. , Neitzel Amber R. , Gill James R. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractHyperglycemia and new onset diabetes have been described with certain antipsychotic medications and some of the initial presentations are fatal diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). We report 17 deaths due toDKAin psychiatric patients treated with second generation antipsychotic medications. Death certificates and toxicology data were searched forDKAand hyperglycemia. We reviewed the medical examiner records which included the autopsy, toxicology, police, and medical examiner investigators' reports. The decedents ranged in age from 32 to 57 years (average 48 years). There were 15 men and two women. The immediate cause of death wasDKAin all. The psychiatric disorders included: 10 schizophrenia, three bipolar/schizophrenia, two bipolar, and two major depression. The most frequent atypical antipsychotic medications found were quetiapine and olanzapine followed by risperidone. In 16 deaths, we considered the medication as primary or contributory to the cause of death.
The Spatial Distribution of Postblast RDX Residue: Forensic Implications
Authors: Abdul‐Karim Nadia , Morgan Ruth , Binions Russell , Temple Tracey , Harrison Karl 
Published: December 2012

AbstractLocating exactly where trace explosive residue samples should be sought during sample collection at bomb scenes is not specified in the published literature or guidelines; in this area, it is generally acknowledged that forensic practices are based on tradition rather than evidence. This study investigated patterns in the spatial distribution of postblast 1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazocyclohexane residue from a series of unconfined detonations, over a range of sampling sites, and at two different detonation heights. The amount of residue recovered from the sites decreased as a function of distance from the center of the explosion. [Correction added after online publication 27 December 2012: In the preceding sentence, “increased” was corrected to “decreased” to agree with the conclusion of the article.] As the height of the detonations increased, more residues were found from all sampling sites. The findings of this empirical study have a number of important practical implications including determining where residue samples are best sought at crime scenes.
Contributory and Incidental Blood Concentrations in Deaths Involving Citalopram
Authors: Darke Shane , Torok Michelle , Duflou Johan 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAll cases presenting to the New South Wales Department of Forensic Medicine between January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2010 in which citalopram was detected were retrieved. A total of 348 cases were identified. Citalopram contributed to death in 21.0%, and was incidental in 79.0%. Cases in which citalopram was contributory to death had significantly higher blood citalopram concentrations than incidental cases (0.50 mg/L vs. 0.30 mg/L). Citalopram concentrations varied significantly by contributory status: sole citalopram toxicity (median = 1.30 mg/L), citalopram/other drug toxicity (0.50 mg/L), and incidental cases (0.30 mg/L). Citalopram concentrations also varied by suicide status, with the highest concentration found in suicides where citalopram contributed to death (0.70 mg/L) compared with 0.50 mg/L for nonsuicide cases where citalopram contributed to death. In almost all contributory cases (69/73), other psychoactive substances were also detected, most commonly benzodiazepines (47.9%), alcohol (45.2%), and opioids (40.1%).
Using Paint to Investigate Fires: An ATR‐IR Study of the Degradation of Paint Samples Upon Heating
Authors: Roberts Kelly , Almond Matthew J. , Bond John W. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractFire investigation is a challenging area for the forensic investigator. The aim of this work was to use spectral changes to paint samples to estimate the temperatures to which a paint has been heated. Five paint samples (one clay paint, two car paints, one metallic paint, and one matt emulsion) have been fully characterized by a combination of attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐IR), Raman, X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy and powder X‐ray diffraction. The thermal decomposition of these paints has been investigated by means of ATR‐IR and thermal gravimetric analysis. Clear temperature markers are observed in the ATR‐IR spectra namely: loss of ν(C = O) band, >300°C; appearance of water bands on cooling, >500°C; alterations to ν(Si–O) bands due to dehydration of silicate clays, >700°C; diminution of ν(CO3) and δ(CO3) modes of CaCO3, >950°C. We suggest the possible use of portable ATR‐IR for nondestructive, in situ analysis of paints.
SEM and Stereomicroscopic Analysis of Cut Marks in Fresh and Burned Bone
Authors: Kooi Rebecca J. , Fairgrieve Scott I. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis study documents the prevalence of cut mark characteristics in fresh and burned domestic pig ribs. Stab wounds from single edge serrated and smooth‐edged knives were inflicted in the vertebral and sternal regions of each fresh rib. Each rack of ribs was then divided into vertebral and sternal units. Vertebral units were defleshed and their associated cut marks were examined using a stereomicroscope. Sternal units were burned in an outdoor fire pit and examined with the addition of a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Linear cuts, V‐shaped cross‐sections, mounding, hinge fractures, and wastage were all observed on burned ribs. There was an overall decrease in the prevalence of all features (up to a 40% decrease), regardless of knife type, in burned ribs. Striations within cut marks were not observed in either fresh or burned ribs. Oblique faulting and bone lifts could only be observed using the SEM. Mounding and wastage were obliterated during the burning process. Therefore, cut marks in burned bone should ideally be examined for their characteristics utilizing an SEM.
The potential of effector‐target genes in breeding for plant innate immunity
Authors: Gawehns Fleur , Cornelissen Ben J. C. , Takken Frank L. W. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryIncreasing numbers of infectious crop diseases that are caused by fungi and oomycetes urge the need to develop alternative strategies for resistance breeding. As an alternative for the use of resistance (R) genes, the application of mutant susceptibility (S) genes has been proposed as a potentially more durable type of resistance. Identification of S genes is hampered by their recessive nature. Here we explore the use of pathogen‐derived effectors as molecular probes to identify S genes. Effectors manipulate specific host processes thereby contributing to disease. Effector targets might therefore represent S genes. Indeed, the Pseudomonas syringae effector HopZ2 was found to target MLO2, an Arabidopsis thaliana homologue of the barley S gene Mlo. Unfortunately, most effector targets identified so far are not applicable as S genes due to detrimental effects they have on other traits. However, some effector targets such as Mlo are successfully used, and with the increase in numbers of effector targets being identified, the numbers of S genes that can be used in resistance breeding will rise as well.