bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Full Scale Experimental Database of Dent and Gouge Defects to Improve Burst and Fatigue Strength Models of Pipelines
Authors: Zarea Mures , Batisse Remi , Leis Brian , Cardin Philippe , Vignal Geoff 
Published: July 2013

External interference on gas and oil transmission pipelines is consistently reported as leading cause of leaks in Europe and USA as identified in the EGIG and PHMSA incident databases. External interference due to ground working machinery strikes, rock strikes during backfilling, etc. on buried pipelines result mainly in dent and gouge defects. The long-term integrity of a pipeline segment damaged by a dent and gouge defect is a complex function of a variety of parameters, including pipe material properties, pipe geometry, defect geometry linked to indenter shape, aggression conditions.
The complexity and extreme variability of these dent and gouge defect shapes and pipe materials lead simple assessment models to scattered predictions, hinting towards an insufficient description of real structural and material behavior. To improve knowledge beyond the numerous studies led in the past, and to provide a sound foundation for developing and validating mechanistic models for predicting burst and fatigue strength of such defects, a large experimental program was funded by PRCI and US DoT and further coordinated with a complementary EPRG program.
The experimental program part dealing with combined “Dent and Gouge” defects is covered for modern pipes (24″ OD, X52 and X70) by PRCI project MD-4-1: realistically created (with a Pipe Aggression Rig) defects submitted to full scale burst and fatigue tests, in addition to extensive characterization. This work interfaces with modeling to predict the immediate burst strength and fatigue resistance of such damage in two PRCI projects denoted MD-4-3 and MD-4-4 respectively.
This paper gives an overview of some of these activities: PRCI project MD-4-1 results: material characterization, full scale burst and fatigue tests on Dents with Gouges, as well as detailed explanations concerning the initial approach to model burst and fatigue life of these defects, as developed byr PRCI project MD-4-4.
The final outcome of the expected knowledge improvements about the mechanical strength of dent and gouge combinations will be applicable by pipeline operators, in order to enhance integrity management systems designed to manage the threat associated with mechanical damage.
Multi-Tier Tensile Strain Models for Strain-Based Design: Part 3 — Model Evaluation Against Experimental Data
Authors: Liu Ming , Wang Yong-Yi , Horsley David , Nanney Steve 
Published: July 2013

This is the third paper in a three-paper series related to the development of tensile strain models. The fundamental basis [1] and formulation [2] of the models are presented in two companion papers. This paper covers the evaluation of the models against large-scale experimental data which include a total of 24 full-scale pipe tests with and without internal pressure [3,4] and 30 curved wide plate (CWP) tests [5,6].
The 24 full-scale pipe specimens are nominally X65 grade (12.75″ OD and 12.7-mm wall thickness) and made by two manufacturers. The actual yield strength of the two pipes differs by approximately 14 ksi. The girth welds are made with three welding procedures, creating three weld strength levels. The full-scale test program are designed to evaluate the effects of internal pressure, weld strength mismatch, pipe strength, pipe Y/T ratio, flaw location, flaw size, and toughness.
The 30 CWP specimens are from 36″ OD and 19.1 mm wall thickness X100 pipes. The girth welds are made with two welding procedures, creating two slightly different weld strength mismatch levels. The CWP test specimens expand the range of material grade and wall thickness for the model evaluation.
The model evaluation demonstrates that the overall correlations between the experimental test data and model predations are similar when the model predictions are made with Level 2 and 3 procedures and various toughness options. The Level 2 procedure with Charpy energy option and Level 3b provide the best overall one-to-one correlation between the test data and model prediction. The Level 3b shows greater scatter than Level 2 with the Charpy energy option. The most significant contributor to the TSC variations and the difference between the measured and predicted TSCs is the strength variation in the pipes. A small variation in the strength can lead to a large variation of the measured remote strain even when the flaw behavior is essentially the same. For the 24 full-scale pipe tests, a strength variation of 1 ksi in the pipes would explain the large variations of the measured TSC in comparison to the model predictions. The TSC models produce consistent results that capture the overall trend of the test data.
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis following Seasonal Influenza Vaccination in an Elderly Patient
Authors: Machicado Jorge D. , Bhagya-Rao Bhavana , Davogustto Giovanni , McKelvy Brandy J. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT
Although such occurrences are rare, it should be recognized that certain vaccines might trigger serious neurological immune phenomena such as Guillain-Barre syndrome, seizures, cranial neuropathy, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). Here we report on an elderly woman with ADEM following seasonal influenza vaccination who recovered after plasma exchange.
Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Panama Is Driven by Clonal Expansion of a Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strain Related to the KZN Extensively Drug-Resistant M. tuberculosis Strain from South Africa
Authors: Lanzas Fedora , Karakousis Petros C. , Sacchettini James C. , Ioerger Thomas R. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a significant health problem in Panama. The extent to which such cases are the result of primary or acquired resistance and the strain families involved are unknown. We performed whole-genome sequencing of a collection of 66 clinical MDR isolates, along with 31 drug-susceptible isolates, that were isolated in Panama between 2001 and 2010; 78% of the MDR isolates belong to the Latin American-Mediterranean (LAM) family. Drug resistance mutations correlated well with drug susceptibility profiles. To determine the relationships among these strains and to better understand the acquisition of resistance mutations, a phylogenetic tree was constructed based on a genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis. The phylogenetic tree shows that the isolates are highly clustered, with a single strain (LAM9-c1) accounting for nearly one-half of the MDR isolates (29/66 isolates). The LAM9-c1 strain was most prevalent among male patients of working age and was associated with high mortality rates. Members of this cluster all share identical mutations conferring resistance to isoniazid (KatG S315T mutation), rifampin (RpoB S531L mutation), and streptomycin (
rrs
C517T mutation). This evidence of primary resistance supports a model in which MDR-TB in Panama is driven by clonal expansion and ongoing transmission of several strains in the LAM family, including the highly successful MDR strain LAM9-c1. The phylogenetic analysis also shows that the LAM9-c1 strain is closely related to the KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) extensively drug-resistant TB strain identified in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The LAM9-c1 and KZN strains likely arose from a recent common ancestor that was transmitted between Panama and South Africa and had the capacity to tolerate an accumulation of multiple resistance mutations.
Impact of Sequence Variation in the UL128 Locus on Production of Human Cytomegalovirus in Fibroblast and Epithelial Cells
Authors: Murrell Isa , Tomasec Peter , Wilkie Gavin S. , Dargan Derrick J. , Davison Andrew J. , Stanton Richard J. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) virion envelope contains a complex consisting of glycoproteins gH and gL plus proteins encoded by the UL128 locus (UL128L): pUL128, pUL130, and pUL131A. UL128L is necessary for efficient infection of myeloid, epithelial, and endothelial cells but limits replication in fibroblasts. Consequently, disrupting mutations in UL128L are rapidly selected when clinical isolates are cultured in fibroblasts. In contrast, bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-cloned strains TB40-BAC4, FIX, and TR do not contain overt disruptions in UL128L, yet no virus reconstituted from them has been reported to acquire mutations in UL128L
in vitro
. We performed BAC mutagenesis and reconstitution experiments to test the hypothesis that these strains contain subtle mutations in UL128L that were acquired during passage prior to BAC cloning. Compared to strain Merlin containing wild-type UL128L, all three strains produced higher yields of cell-free virus. Moreover, TB40-BAC4 and FIX spread cell to cell more rapidly than wild-type Merlin in fibroblasts but more slowly in epithelial cells. The differential growth properties of TB40-BAC4 and FIX (but not TR) were mapped to single-nucleotide substitutions in UL128L. The substitution in TB40-BAC4 reduced the splicing efficiency of UL128, and that in FIX resulted in an amino acid substitution in UL130. Introduction of these substitutions into Merlin dramatically increased yields of cell-free virus and increased cell-to-cell spread in fibroblasts but reduced the abundance of pUL128 in the virion and the efficiency of epithelial cell infection. These substitutions appear to represent mutations in UL128L that permit virus to be propagated in fibroblasts while retaining epithelial cell tropism.
Human Cytosolic Extracts Stabilize the HIV-1 Core
Authors: Fricke Thomas , Brandariz-Nuñez Alberto , Wang Xiaozhao , Smith Amos B. , Diaz-Griffero Felipe 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

The stability of the HIV-1 core in the cytoplasm is crucial for productive HIV-1 infection. Mutations that stabilize or destabilize the core showed defects on HIV-1 reverse transcription and infection. We developed a novel and simple assay to measure the stability of
in vitro
-assembled HIV-1 CA-NC complexes. The assay allowed us to demonstrate that cytosolic extracts strongly stabilize the HIV-1 core. Interestingly, stabilization of
in vitro
-assembled HIV-1 CA-NC complexes is not due solely to macromolecular crowding, suggesting the presence of specific cellular factors that stabilize the HIV-1 core. By using our novel assay, we measured the abilities of different drugs, such as PF74, CAP-1, IXN-053, cyclosporine, Bi2 (also known as BI-2), and the peptide CAI, to modulate the stability of
in vitro
-assembled HIV-1 CA-NC complexes. Interestingly, we found that PF74 and Bi2 strongly stabilized HIV-1 CA-NC complexes. On the other hand, the peptide CAI destabilized HIV-1 CA-NC complexes. We also found that purified cyclophilin A destabilizes
in vitro
-assembled HIV-1 CA-NC complexes in the presence of cellular extracts in a cyclosporine-sensitive manner. In agreement with previous observations using the fate-of-the-capsid assay, we also demonstrated the ability of recombinant CPSF6 to stabilize HIV-1 CA-NC complexes. Overall, our findings suggested that cellular extracts specifically stabilize the HIV-1 core. We believe that our assay can be a powerful tool to assess HIV-1 core stability
in vitro
.
ORIGIN OF GRANITES
Authors: GOODSPEED G. E. 
Published: July 2013

Field features and petrographic criteria for granitic rocks of magmatic origin are listed, and a brief discussion is presented concerning the mode of emplacement and the differentiation of intrusive masses.
Transitional facies of granitic rocks of metamorphic origin are described in detail. These facies include replacement dikes, replacement breccias, and metamorphic migmatites. Interpretations of mechanisms of the advance of granitization including geochemical migrations are discussed, not only from the detailed evidence shown by miniature features, but also with regard to the relationship of metamorphic granitic rocks to regional metamorphism. Some aplites, pegmatites, and quartz veins are explained as retrogressive features following granitization. Granitic rocks which exhibit both crystalloblastic textures and marked flow structure are interpreted as examples of rheomorphism, and the term neomagma instead of magma is used for the material that flowed.
The use of large lantern-slide (3¼ × 4¼ inches) thin sections has proved to be most helpful in the study of critical features of either magmatic or metamorphic granitic rocks. In these large sections, microtextures and microstructures can be observed much better than in an ordinary thin section, or a number of thin sections, and an integrated overall picture can be obtained.
Late Cretaceous dinosaurs from the James Ross Basin, West Antarctica
Authors: Reguero Marcelo A. , Tambussi Claudia P. , Coria Rodolfo A. , Marenssi Sergio A. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

The fossil record of terrestrial vertebrates from the Late Cretaceous of Antarctica is currently composed of non-avian and avian dinosaurs from the marine sediments of the James Ross Basin, Antarctic Peninsula (West Antarctica). Although two dinosaurian formational assemblages (Late Campanian/Early Maastrichtian and Late Maastrichtian) are known, the record is still scattered, and evolutionary scenarios are tentative. Ten non-avian dinosaurs have been reported from Coniacian to Maastrichtian deposits, along with possible sauropod footprints of Early Maastrichtian age from Snow Hill Island. Five avian dinosaurs have been recorded or described exclusively from the Maastrichtian. The presence of an advanced titanosaur with characteristic procoelous mid-caudal vertebrae in Snow Hill Island Formation at Santa Marta Cove implies that the group achieved a global distribution by the Late Campanian. The Late Campanian/Early Maastrichtian non-avian dinosaur (ankylosaurs, ornithopods and dromaeosaurid theropods) clades probably attained a near-cosmopolitan distribution before the Late Cretaceous, and some aspects of this hallmark ‘Gondwanan’ fauna may therefore reflect climate-driven provinciality, not vicariant evolution driven by continental fragmentation. Antarctic Late Cretaceous avian dinosaurs are rare. They are restricted to the Maastrichtian and consist of a cariamid?, gaviids, a charadriiform and the basal Anseriformes
Vegavis
, and provide the first strong evidence for a basal radiation of birds known to exist in the Cretaceous.
Spectral sparsification of graphs
Authors: Batson Joshua , Spielman Daniel A. , Srivastava Nikhil , Teng Shang-Hua 
Published: July 2013

Graph sparsification is the approximation of an arbitrary graph by a sparse graph.
We explain what it means for one graph to be a spectral approximation of another and review the development of algorithms for spectral sparsification. In addition to being an interesting concept, spectral sparsification has been an important tool in the design of nearly linear-time algorithms for solving systems of linear equations in symmetric, diagonally dominant matrices. The fast solution of these linear systems has already led to breakthrough results in combinatorial optimization, including a faster algorithm for finding approximate maximum flows and minimum cuts in an undirected network.
Our troubles with Linux Kernel upgrades and why you should care
Authors: Harji Ashif S. , Buhr Peter A. , Brecht Tim 
Published: July 2013

Linux and other open-source Unix variants (and their distributors) provide researchers with full-fledged operating systems that are widely used. However, due to their complexity and rapid development, care should be exercised when using these operating systems for performance experiments, especially in systems research. In particular, the size and continual evolution of the Linux code-base makes it difficult to understand, and as a result, decipher and explain the reasons for performance improvements. In addition, the rapid kernel development cycle means that experimental results can be viewed as out of date, or meaningless, very quickly. We demonstrate that this viewpoint is incorrect because kernel changes can and have introduced both bugs and performance degradations.
This paper describes some of our experiences using Linux and FreeBSD as platforms for conducting performance evaluations and some performance regressions we have found. Our results show, these performance regressions can be serious (e.g., repeating identical experiments results in large variability in results) and long lived despite having a large negative effect on performance (one problem was present for more than 3 years). Based on these experiences, we argue: it is sometimes reasonable to use an older kernel version, experimental results need careful analysis to explain why a performance effect occurs, and publishing papers validating prior research is essential.
Outcome of Rhabdomyosarcoma in First Year of Life: Children’s Cancer Hospital 57357 Egypt
Authors: El Nadi Enas , Moussa Emad A. H. , Zekri Wael , Taha Hala , Yones Alaa , Zaghloul Mohamed Saad , El Wakeel Madeeha , Labib Rania M. 
Published: July 2013

Background. Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft-tissue sarcoma in children. Fifty percent of RMS cases occur in the first 10 years of life and less commonly in infants younger than one-year old. These infants require adapted multimodality treatment approaches.Patients and Methods. We analyzed patients’ characteristics, treatment modalities, and the outcome for RMS infants treated at Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt (CCHE) between July 2007 and December 2010 and compared them to patients above one year treated on the same protocol.Results. Out of the 126 RMS treated during this period, 18 were below the age of one year. The male: female ratio was 1.25 : 1. The median age at diagnosis was 0.7 ± 0.2 years. Most of the cases (27.8%) were presented in head and neck regions. The estimated 4-years failure-free survival and overall survival for infants were 49 ± 12% and 70 ± 12%, respectively. These failure-free survival rate and overall survival rate did not differ from those for older patients (P=0.2).Conclusion. Infants with RMS are a unique group of RMS who needs special concerns in tailoring treatment in addition to concerns regarding toxicity and morbidity in infants.Corrigendum to “Outcome of Rhabdomyosarcoma in First Year of Life: Children’s Cancer Hospital 57357 Egypt”
Plasma Omega-3 and Omega-6 Concentrations and Risk of Cutaneous Basal and Squamous Cell Carcinomas in Australian Adults
Authors: Wallingford Sarah C. , Hughes Maria Celia , Green Adèle C. , van der Pols Jolieke C. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Laboratory-based evidence suggests that omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids may affect skin photocarcinogenesis, but epidemiologic evidence is inconsistent. In 1,191 White Australian adults, we prospectively investigated associations between baseline plasma concentrations of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and cutaneous basal cell carcinomas (BCC) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated on the basis of number of histologically confirmed tumors diagnosed during follow-up (1997–2007). Plasma eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) concentrations and omega-3/-6 ratio showed significant inverse associations with SCC tumors, comparing higher tertiles with the lowest, in age- and sex-adjusted models (Ptrend = 0.02 and 0.03, respectively) which weakened after adjustment for past sun exposure. Associations between EPA and SCC were stronger among participants with a history of skin cancer at baseline (n = 378; highest vs. lowest tertile: RR = 0.50; 95% CI, 0.28–0.92; Ptrend = 0.01). Total omega-6 was inversely associated with BCC tumors in multivariate models (P = 0.04; highest vs. lowest tertile: RR = 0.71; 95% CI, 0.51–0.99), and more strongly in the subgroup with past skin cancer. Linoleic and linolenic acids were also inversely associated with BCC occurrence in this subgroup. When fatty acids were analyzed as continuous variables, however, there was no evidence of any linear or nonlinear associations. This study provides some support for reduced skin cancer risk with high plasma concentrations of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, but results depended on how fatty acid data were modeled. Further investigation of these associations in larger datasets is needed. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(10); 1900–5. ©2013 AACR.
Synthetic Lethal Targeting of PTEN-Deficient Cancer Cells Using Selective Disruption of Polynucleotide Kinase/Phosphatase
Authors: Mereniuk Todd R. , El Gendy Mohamed A.M. , Mendes-Pereira Ana M. , Lord Christopher J. , Ghosh Sunita , Foley Edan , Ashworth Alan , Weinfeld Michael 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
A recent screen of 6,961 siRNAs to discover possible synthetic lethal partners of the DNA repair protein polynucleotide kinase/phosphatase (PNKP) led to the identification of the potent tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN). Here, we have confirmed the PNKP/PTEN synthetic lethal partnership in a variety of different cell lines including the PC3 prostate cancer cell line, which is naturally deficient in PTEN. We provide evidence that codepletion of PTEN and PNKP induces apoptosis. In HCT116 colon cancer cells, the loss of PTEN is accompanied by an increased background level of DNA double-strand breaks, which accumulate in the presence of an inhibitor of PNKP DNA 3′-phosphatase activity. Complementation of PC3 cells with several well-characterized mutated PTEN cDNAs indicated that the critical function of PTEN required to prevent toxicity induced by an inhibitor of PNKP is most likely associated with its cytoplasmic lipid phosphatase activity. Finally, we show that modest inhibition of PNKP in a PTEN knockout background enhances cellular radiosensitivity, suggesting that such a “synthetic sickness” approach involving the combination of PNKP inhibition with radiotherapy may be applicable to PTEN-deficient tumors. Mol Cancer Ther; 12(10); 2135–44. ©2013 AACR.
Characterization of Anatomic Ventricular Tachycardia Isthmus Pathology After Surgical Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Moore Jeremy P. , Seki Atsuko , Shannon Kevin M. , Mandapati Ravi , Tung Roderick , Fishbein Michael C. 
Published: July 2013

Background—
Although catheter ablation has been used to target the critical isthmuses for re-entrant monomorphic ventricular tachycardia in tetralogy of Fallot, the anatomy and histology of these regions have not been fully characterized. Autopsy hearts with tetralogy of Fallot were evaluated to clarify the pathological substrate.

Methods and Results—
Twenty-seven hearts with the diagnosis of tetralogy of Fallot were examined. Anatomically defined isthmuses included (1A) ventriculotomy-to-tricuspid annulus, (1B) ventriculotomy-to-ventricular septal defect patch, (2) ventriculotomy-to-pulmonary annulus, (3) pulmonary annulus-to-ventricular septal defect patch, and (4) ventricular septal defect patch-to-tricuspid annulus. Length and wall thickness were measured for all specimens, and light microscopy was performed for those surviving surgery. For subjects ≥5 years at death, isthmuses 1A and 1B were present in 88%, isthmus 2 in 25%, isthmus 3 in 94%, and isthmus 4 in 13%. Isthmus 1A had the greatest dimensions (mean length, 3.9±1.08; thickness, 1.5±0.3 cm), isthmus 1B intermediate dimensions (mean length, 2.4±0.8; thickness, 1.1±0.4 cm), and isthmuses 2, 3, and 4 the smallest dimensions (mean length, 1.5±0.5, 1.4±0.8, and 0.6±0.4 cm; thickness, 0.5±0.2, 0.6±0.2, and 0.3±0.04 cm, respectively). Histological examination (n=7) revealed increased fibrosis in anatomic isthmuses relative to nonisthmus controls.

Conclusions—
Consistencies in isthmus dimensions and histology are found among patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot. Isthmus 1A is associated with the largest morphological dimensions, whereas the nearby newly described isthmus 1B is significantly smaller. Of isthmuses with the smallest dimensions, isthmus 3 is the most common.