bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carinal resection and reconstruction in thoracic malignancies
Authors: Shin Sumin , Park Joon Suk , Shim Young Mog , Kim Ho Joong , Kim Jhingook 
Published: May 2014

Background and ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to present clinical outcomes of malignant tumors involving the carina after surgery in order to establish the management guidelines.MethodsBetween 1996 and 2011, 30 patients underwent carinal resection and reconstruction for malignancy involving carina. We retrospectively analyzed their medical records. There were 22 cases of common type of NSCLC (squamous cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma/large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma) and eight cases of carcinomas of salivary gland type (adenoid cystic carcinoma/mucoepidermoid carcinoma).ResultsSeventeen right sleeve pneumonectomies, two left sleeve pneumonectomies, nine carinal sleeve right upper lobectomies, and two airway resections and reconstructions without lung resection were performed. There were no in‐hospital mortalities. Eleven postoperative morbidities occurred including three cases of acute respiratory distress syndrome following pneumonectomy. Late complications occurred in eight patients including three cases of anastomotic stenosis. During follow‐up, 12 mortalities occurred, including 6 cancer‐related mortalities. The 5‐year overall survival rate (OS) and disease‐free survival rate (DFS) were 66.3% and 52.9%, respectively.ConclusionsMalignant tumors involving the carina can be controlled with carinal surgery with acceptable mortality and morbidity. Patients with thoracic malignancy involving the carina should be considered as surgical candidate based on disease extent and functional status. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 110:239–244. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Greater sage‐grouse juvenile survival in Utah
Authors: Caudill Danny , Messmer Terry A. , Bibles Brent , Guttery Michael R. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTGreater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; sage‐grouse) adult hen and juvenile survival have been shown to have significant influence on population growth rates. However, assessing the sensitivity of population growth rates to variability in juvenile survival has proven difficult because of limited information concerning the potentially important demographic rate. Sage‐grouse survival rates are commonly assessed using necklace‐type radio transmitters. Recent technological advances have lead to increased interest in the deployment of dorsally mounted global positioning system (GPS) transmitters for studying sage‐grouse ecology. However, the use of dorsally mounted transmitters has not been thoroughly evaluated for sage‐grouse, leading to concern that birds fitted with these transmitters may experience differential mortality rates. We evaluated the effect of transmitter positioning (dorsal vs. necklace) on juvenile sage‐grouse survival using a controlled experimental design with necklace‐style and suture‐backpack very high frequency (VHF) transmitters. To evaluate the effects of temporal variation, sex, and transmitter type on juvenile sage‐grouse survival, we monitored 91 juveniles captured in south‐central Utah from 2008 to 2010. We instrumented 19 females with backpacks, 14 males with backpacks, 39 females with necklaces, and 19 males with necklaces. We used Program MARK to analyze juvenile survival data. Although effects were only marginally significant from a statistical perspective, sex (P = 0.103) and transmitter type (P = 0.09) were deemed to have biologically meaningful impacts on survival. Dorsally mounted transmitters appeared to negatively affected daily survival (βtransmitter type = −0.55, SE = 0.32). Temporal variation in juvenile sage‐grouse daily survival was best described by a quadratic trend in time, where daily survival was lowest in late September and was high overwinter. An interaction between the quadratic trend in time and year resulted in the low point of daily survival shifting within the season between years (27 vs. 17 Sep for 2008 and 2009, respectively). Overall (15 Aug–31 Mar) derived survival ranged 0.42–0.62 for females and 0.23–0.44 for males. For all years pooled, the probability death was due to predation was 0.73, reported harvest was 0.16, unreported harvest was 0.09, and other undetermined factors was 0.02. We observed 0% and 6.8% crippling loss (from hunting) in 2008 and 2009, respectively. We recommend the adoption of harvest management strategies that attempt to shift harvest away from juveniles and incorporate crippling rates. In addition, future survival studies on juvenile sage‐grouse should use caution if implementing dorsally mounted transmitters because of the potential for experimental bias. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Evidence of Strong Land Degradation by Wind Erosion as a Result of Rainfed Cropping in the Algerian Steppe: A Case Study at Laghouat
Authors: Houyou Zohra , Bielders Charles L. , Benhorma Hadj Aissa , Dellal Abdelkader , Boutemdjet Ahmed 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn Algeria, overgrazing has long threatened the sustainable use of the nearly 20 million hectares of steppe lands. More recently, governmental policies favouring extensive rainfed cereal cropping in the steppe region have increased anthropic pressure on this fragile environment. Low rainfall, weak crop development and sandy soils lead to a high risk of wind erosion, yet no studies have been carried out in this region to this date to quantify the effect of steppe conversion on wind erosion. A 1·3‐ha field in the central steppe of Algeria (Laghouat) was converted to cropland (Hordeum Vulgare L.) and equipped with a weather station and Big Spring Number Eight sand straps to monitor climate‐related parameters and sediment fluxes over a 25‐month period. Threshold wind velocities (3·6 m height) varied between 6 and 7 m s−1 with a weak seasonal variation. More than 70% of the saltation‐producing winds originated from the NW. For these winds, a soil loss of 155 Mg ha−1 was measured. Half of the sediment loss occurred during a single, 12‐day period. Deposition of 26·5 Mg ha−1 was observed for SW winds. The measured erosion rates by far exceeded all norms of tolerable soil loss, indicating that rainfed cereal cropping is a highly unsustainable form of land use in the steppe region around Laghouat. National agricultural policies should be revised to take this into account. © 2014 The Authors. Land Degradation and Development published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved bounds for batch scheduling with nonidentical job sizes
Authors: Dosa Gyorgy , Tan Zhiyi , Tuza Zsolt , Yan Yujie , Lányi Cecília Sik 
Published: May 2014

AbstractHere, we revisit the bounded batch scheduling problem with nonidentical job sizes on single and parallel identical machines, with the objective of minimizing the makespan. For the single machine case, we present an algorithm which calls an online algorithm (chosen arbitrarily) for the one‐dimensional bin‐packing problem as a sub‐procedure, and prove that its worst‐case ratio is the same as the absolute performance ratio of . Hence, there exists an algorithm with worst‐case ratio , which is better than any known upper bound on this problem. For the parallel machines case, we prove that there does not exist any polynomial‐time algorithm with worst‐case ratio smaller than 2 unless P = NP, even if all jobs have unit processing time. Then we present an algorithm with worst‐case ratio arbitrarily close to 2. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 351–358, 2014
A system for automated noise parameter measurements on MR preamplifiers and application to high B0 fields
Authors: Lagore Russell L. , Roberts Brodi Roduta , Possanzini Cecilia , Saylor Charles , Fallone B. Gino , De Zanche Nicola 
Published: May 2014

A noise figure and noise parameter measurement system was developed that consists of a combination spectrum and network analyzer, preamplifier, programmable power supply, noise source, tuning board, and desktop computer.The system uses the Y‐factor method for noise figure calculation and allows calibrations to correct for a decrease in excess noise ratio between the noise source and device under test, second stage (system) noise, ambient temperature variations, and available gain of the device under test. Noise parameters are extracted by performing noise figure measurements at several source impedance values obtained by adjusting an electronically controlled tuner. Results for several amplifiers at 128 MHz and 200 MHz agree with independent measurements and with the corresponding datasheets.With some modifications, the system was also used to characterize the noise figure of MRI preamplifiers in strong static magnetic fields up to 9.4 T. In most amplifiers tested the gain was found to be reduced by the magnetic field, while the noise figure increased. These changes are detrimental to signal quality (SNR) and are dependent on the electron mobility and design of the amplifier's semiconductor devices. Consequently, gallium arsenide (GaAs) field‐effect transistors are most sensitive to magnetic fields due to their high electron mobility and long, narrow channel, while silicon–germanium (SiGe) bipolar transistor amplifiers are largely immune due to their very thin base. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Below‐bandgap absorption in InAs/GaAs self‐assembled quantum dot solar cells
Authors: Li Tian , Dagenais Mario 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA new approach to derive the below‐bandgap absorption in InAs/GaAs self‐assembled quantum dot (QD) devices using room temperature external quantum efficiency measurement results is presented. The significance of incorporating an extended Urbach tail absorption in analyzing QD devices is demonstrated. This tail is used to evaluate the improvement in the photo‐generated current. The wetting layer and QD absorption contributions are separated from the tail absorption. Several absorption peaks due to QD excited states and potentially different size QDs are observed. An inhomogeneous broadening of 25 meV arising from the variance in the size of QDs is derived. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermal gelation or gel melting: (ethylene glycol)113‐(l‐alanine)12 and (ethylene glycol)113‐(l‐lactic acid)12
Authors: Jung Seon Jung , Park Min Hee , Moon Hyo Jung , Ko Du Young , Jeong Byeongmoon 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTWhen PEG (M.W.∼5000 Daltons) is conjugated to poly(l‐alanine), the polymer aqueous solutions (<10.0 wt.%) undergo sol‐to‐gel (thermal gelation), whereas it is conjugated to poly(l‐lactic acid), the polymer aqueous solutions (>30.0 wt.%) undergo gel‐to‐sol (gel melting) as the temperature increases. In the search for molecular origins of such a quite different phase behavior, poly(ethylene glycol)‐poly(l‐alanine) (PEG‐PA; EG113‐A12) and poly(ethylene glycol)‐poly(l‐lactic acid) (PEG‐PLA; EG113‐LA12) are synthesized and their aqueous solution behavior is investigated. PEG‐PAs with an α‐helical core assemble into micelles with a broad size distribution, and the dehydration of PEG drives the aggregation of the micelles, leading to thermal gelation, whereas increased molecular motion of the PLA core overwhelms the partial dehydration of PEG, thus gel melting of the PEG‐PLA aqueous solutions occurs. The core‐rigidity of micelles must be one of the key factors in determining whether a polymer aqueous solution undergoes sol‐to‐gel or gel‐to‐sol transition, as the temperature increases. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, , 52, 2434–2441
Molecular characterization of novel pyridoxal‐5′‐phosphate‐dependent enzymes from the human microbiome
Authors: Fleischman Nicholas M. , Das Debanu , Kumar Abhinav , Xu Qingping , Chiu Hsiu‐Ju , Jaroszewski Lukasz , Knuth Mark W. , Klock Heath E. , Miller Mitchell D. , Elsliger Marc‐André , Godzik Adam , Lesley Scott A. , Deacon Ashley M. , Wilson Ian A. , Toney Michael D. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPyridoxal‐5′‐phosphate or PLP, the active form of vitamin B6, is a highly versatile cofactor that participates in a large number of mechanistically diverse enzymatic reactions in basic metabolism. PLP‐dependent enzymes account for ∼1.5% of most prokaryotic genomes and are estimated to be involved in ∼4% of all catalytic reactions, making this an important class of enzymes. Here, we structurally and functionally characterize three novel PLP‐dependent enzymes from bacteria in the human microbiome: two are from Eubacterium rectale, a dominant, nonpathogenic, fecal, Gram‐positive bacteria, and the third is from Porphyromonas gingivalis, which plays a major role in human periodontal disease. All adopt the Type I PLP‐dependent enzyme fold and structure‐guided biochemical analysis enabled functional assignments as tryptophan, aromatic, and probable phosphoserine aminotransferases.
Assessment of soybean injury from glyphosate using airborne multispectral remote sensing
Authors: Huang Yanbo , Reddy Krishna N , Thomson Steven J , Yao Haibo 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDGlyphosate drift onto off‐target sensitive crops can reduce growth and yield and is of great concern to growers and pesticide applicators. Detection of herbicide injury using biological responses is tedious, so more convenient and rapid detection methods are needed. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of glyphosate on biological responses of non‐glyphosate‐resistant (non‐GR) soybean and to correlate vegetation indices (VIs) derived from aerial multispectral imagery.RESULTSPlant height, shoot dry weight and chlorophyll (CHL) content decreased gradually with increasing glyphosate rate, regardless of weeks after application (WAA). Accordingly, soybean yield decreased by 25% with increased rate from 0 to 0.866 kg AI ha−1. Similarly to biological responses, the VIs derived from aerial imagery – normalized difference vegetation index, soil adjusted vegetation index, ratio vegetation index and green NDVI – also decreased gradually with increasing glyphosate rate, regardless of WAA.CONCLUSIONThe VIs were highly correlated with plant height and yield but poorly correlated with CHL, regardless of WAA. This indicated that indices could be used to determine soybean injury from glyphosate, as indicated by the difference in plant height, and to predict the yield reduction due to crop injury from glyphosate. Published2014.Thisarticle is a U.S.Government work and is in the public domainin the USA.
When is a seamless study desirable? Case studies from different pharmaceutical sponsors
Authors: Cuffe Robert L. , Lawrence David , Stone Andrew , Vandemeulebroecke Marc 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackground: Inferentially seamless studies are one of the best‐known adaptive trial designs. Statistical inference for these studies is a well‐studied problem. Regulatory guidance suggests that statistical issues associated with study conduct are not as well understood. Some of these issues are caused by the need for early pre‐specification of the phase III design and the absence of sponsor access to unblinded data. Before statisticians decide to choose a seamless IIb/III design for their programme, they should consider whether these pitfalls will be an issue for their programme.Methods: We consider four case studies. Each design met with varying degrees of success. We explore the reasons for this variation to identify characteristics of drug development programmes that lend themselves well to inferentially seamless trials and other characteristics that warn of difficulties.Results: Seamless studies require increased upfront investment and planning to enable the phase III design to be specified at the outset of phase II. Pivotal, inferentially seamless studies are unlikely to allow meaningful sponsor access to unblinded data before study completion. This limits a sponsor's ability to reflect new information in the phase III portion.Conclusions: When few clinical data have been gathered about a drug, phase II data will answer many unresolved questions. Committing to phase III plans and study designs before phase II begins introduces extra risk to drug development. However, seamless pivotal studies may be an attractive option when the clinical setting and development programme allow, for example, when revisiting dose selection. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Viruses exploit the function of epidermal growth factor receptor
Authors: Zheng Kai , Kitazato Kaio , Wang Yifei 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARYEpidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that regulates cellular homeostatic processes. Following ligand binding, EGFR activates different downstream signalling cascades that promote cell survival, proliferation, motility, and angiogenesis and induces F‐actin‐dependent EGFR endocytosis, which relocalises the activated receptors for degradation or recycling. The responses that are induced by ligand binding to EGFR, including cell signalling activation, protein kinase phosphorylation and cytoskeletal network rearrangement, resemble those induced by virus infection. Increasing evidence demonstrates that many viruses usurp EGFR endocytosis or EGFR‐mediated signalling for entry, replication, inflammation, and viral antagonism to the host antiviral system. In addition, viruses have acquired sophisticated mechanisms to regulate EGFR functions by interrupting the EGFR‐recycling process and modulating EGFR expression. In this review, we provide an overview of the mechanisms by which viruses alter EGFR signalling in favour of their continued survival. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
OUT OF POOLS: MOVEMENT PATTERNS OF MEDITERRANEAN STREAM FISH IN RELATION TO DRY SEASON REFUGIA
Authors: Pires D. F. , Beja P. , Magalhães M. F. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTMovement may critically influence population persistence in the face of disturbance. However, data on individual movements into and out of refugia in response to disturbance remain limited, leading to an incomplete understanding of the ecological significance of mobility. Using individually marked chubs Squalius torgalensis in a seasonally drying Mediterranean stream, we quantified the rate, direction and magnitude of movements out of dry season pools, and of movements displayed across the stream over the period of hydrological connection. Recapture rate was lower in individuals marked in dry season pools (3.3%; n = 894) than in individuals marked during hydrological connection (13.0%; n = 522). Nearly half the recaptures (46.7%; n = 30) of chubs marked in dry season pools corresponded to movements that were generally longer than 100 m, overpassing the average distance among isolated pools. The frequency and distances travelled out of dry season pools were similar in upstream and downstream directions. Only 20.6% of recaptures of individuals marked during hydrological connection corresponded to movements, with more frequent and larger movements in the upstream direction. Body size was related to movement probability only for chubs marked during hydrological connection. Our results highlight considerable individual variability in movement and underscore the importance of understanding the consequences of this variation and how it may be maintained in fish populations facing increasing fragmentation and intermittency of riverscapes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cooperative monitoring BGP among autonomous systems
Authors: Hu Ning , Wang BaoSheng , Liu Xin 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAs the de facto Internet inter‐domain routing protocol, BGP protocol has a number of vulnerabilities and weakness. Monitoring BGP is an effective way to improve the security of inter‐domain routing. This paper presents a cooperative BGP monitoring method, which is called cooperative information sharing model (CoISM). CoISM is based on self‐organization and can be used to solve some problems during BGP monitoring, such as route validation and bogus route notification delivery. CoISM provides autonomous systems with a more comprehensive information view by introducing information diffuse reflection based on initiative inquiry and making use of the relativity of monitoring information. CoISM optimizes the information transmission by leveraging the data locality caused by BGP policy and implements ISP coordination with low communication and deployment cost. More specifically, CoISM provides a self‐organizing and incentive mechanism, which drives autonomous systems to coordinate independently and shares information on‐demand. CoISM supports incremental deployment and can also be applied to a wide range of inter‐domain cooperative management applications such as inter‐domain routing failure analysis and intrusion detection. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AutoMal: automatic clustering and signature generation for malwares based on the network flow
Authors: Hao Sun , Wang Wen , Lu Huabiao , Ren Peige 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe volume of malwares is growing at an exponential speed nowadays. This huge growth makes it extremely hard to analyse malware manually. Most existing signatures extracting methods are based on string signatures, and string matching is not accurate and time consuming. Therefore, this paper presents AutoMal, a system for automatically extracting signatures from large‐scale malwares. Firstly, the system proposes to represent the network flows by using feature hashing, which can dramatically reduce the high‐dimensional feature spaces that are general in malware analysis. Then, we design a clustering and median filtering method to classify the malware vectors into different types. Finally, it introduces the signature generation algorithm based on Bayesian method. The system can extract both the byte signature and the hash signature of malwares from its network flow with low false positive and zero false negative. Our evaluation shows that AutoMal can generate strongly noise‐resisted signatures that exactly depict the characteristics of malware. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Big data for smart cities with KNIME a real experience in the SmartSantander testbed
Authors: Jara Antonio J. , Genoud Dominique , Bocchi Yann 
Published: May 2014

SummaryBig data techniques are conceived as the powerful tool to exploit all the potential of the Internet of Things and the smart cities. A new dimension of understanding about the human behaviours is expected to be reached through all the gathered data in the emerging smart environment. The described potential, so‐called Human Dynamics, pursues to describe in real‐time the human behaviours and activities. This work presents our experiences for big data analytics in smart cities, in terms of sensors data management, data fusion and knowledge discovery from the data. The data used is from the European Project SmartSantander, where the traffic behaviour has been correlated with respect to the temperature in the Santander City. The evolution of both flows present a similar behaviour, in detail, a fine grain correlation is discovered. On the one hand, the traffic distribution, aggregated by temperature bins, follows up a Poisson distribution model. The Poisson modelling allows to interpolate and predict complex behaviours based on simple measures such as the temperature. At the same time, on the other hand, the isolated traffic density distribution, without taking into account the temperature‐based aggregation has been analysed. The traffic distribution has presented a burst behaviour, which presents a closer model to the human dynamics. Therefore, this work presents as the smart cities data can be modelled as Poisson or Human Dynamics (burst models). Finally, reference data analytics process, data sets and models are offered for the Open Source Data analytics platform Konstanz Information Miner (KNIME). Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.