bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
24-Hour Urine Phosphorus Excretion and Mortality and Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Palomino Heather L. , Rifkin Dena E. , Anderson Cheryl , Criqui Michael H. , Whooley Mary A. , Ix Joachim H. 
Published: March 2013

Summary

Background and objectives
Higher morning serum phosphorus has been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with or without CKD. In patients with CKD and a phosphorous level >4.6 mg/dl, the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes guidelines recommend dietary phosphorus restriction. However, whether phosphorus restriction influences serum phosphorus concentrations and whether dietary phosphorus is itself associated with CVD or death are uncertain.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Among 880 patients with stable CVD and normal kidney function to moderate CKD, 24-hour urine phosphorus excretion (UPE) and serum phosphorus were measured at baseline. Participants were followed for a median of 7.4 years for CVD events and all-cause mortality.

Results
Mean ± SD age was 67±11 years, estimated GFR (eGFR) was 71±22 ml/min per 1.73 m2, and serum phosphorus was 3.7±0.6 mg/dl. Median UPE was 632 (interquartile range, 439, 853) mg/d. In models adjusted for demographic characteristics and eGFR, UPE was weakly and nonsignificantly associated with serum phosphorus (0.03 mg/dl higher phosphorus per 300 mg higher UPE; P=0.07). When adjusted for demographics, eGFR, and CVD risk factors, each 300-mg higher UPE was associated with 17% lower risk of CVD events. The association of UPE with all-cause mortality was not statistically significant (hazard ratio, 0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.82 to 1.05). Results were similar irrespective of CKD status (P interactions > 0.87).

Conclusions
Among outpatients with stable CVD, the magnitude of the association of UPE with morning serum phosphorus is modest. Greater UPE is associated with lower risk for CVD events. The association was similar for all-cause mortality but was not statistically significant.
Displacement of mammillary bodies by craniopharyngiomas involving the third ventricle: surgical-MRI correlation and use in topographical diagnosis
Authors: Pascual José María , Prieto Ruth , Carrasco Rodrigo , Barrios Laura 
Published: March 2013

Object
Accurate diagnosis of the topographical relationships of craniopharyngiomas (CPs) involving the third ventricle and/or hypothalamus remains a challenging issue that critically influences the prediction of risks associated with their radical surgical removal. This study evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of MRI to define the precise topographical relationships between intraventricular CPs, the third ventricle, and the hypothalamus.

Methods
An extensive retrospective review of well-described CPs reported in the MRI era between 1990 and 2009 yielded 875 lesions largely or wholly involving the third ventricle. Craniopharyngiomas with midsagittal and coronal preoperative and postoperative MRI studies, in addition to detailed descriptions of clinical and surgical findings, were selected from this database (n = 130). The position of the CP and the morphological distortions caused by the tumor on the sella turcica, suprasellar cistern, optic chiasm, pituitary stalk, and third ventricle floor, including the infundibulum, tuber cinereum, and mammillary bodies (MBs), were analyzed on both preoperative and postoperative MRI studies. These changes were correlated with the definitive CP topography and type of third ventricle involvement by the lesion, as confirmed surgically.

Results
The mammillary body angle (MBA) is the angle formed by the intersection of a plane tangential to the base of the MBs and a plane parallel to the floor of the fourth ventricle in midsagittal MRI studies. Measurement of the MBA represented a reliable neuroradiological sign that could be used to discriminate the type of intraventricular involvement by the CP in 83% of cases in this series (n = 109). An acute MBA (< 60°) was indicative of a primary tuberal-intraventricular topography, whereas an obtuse MBA (> 90°) denoted a primary suprasellar CP position, causing either an invagination of the third ventricle (pseudointraventricular lesion) or its invasion (secondarily intraventricular lesion; p < 0.01). A multivariate model including a combination of 5 variables (the MBA, position of the hypothalamus, presence of hydrocephalus, psychiatric symptoms, and patient age) allowed an accurate definition of the CP topography preoperatively in 74%–90% of lesions, depending on the specific type of relationship between the tumor and third ventricle.

Conclusions
The type of mammillary body displacement caused by CPs represents a valuable clue for ascertaining the topographical relationships between these lesions and the third ventricle on preoperative MRI studies. The MBA provides a useful sign to preoperatively differentiate a primary intraventricular CP originating at the infundibulotuberal area from a primary suprasellar CP, which either invaginated or secondarily invaded the third ventricle.
“Imagine your neighbor mows the lawn”: a pilot study of psychological sequelae due to awake craniotomy
Authors: Milian Monika , Luerding Ralf , Ploppa Annette , Decker Karlheinz , Psaras Tsambika , Tatagiba Marcos , Gharabaghi Alireza , Feigl Guenther C. 
Published: March 2013

Object
Although it has been reported that awake neurosurgical procedures are well tolerated, the long-term occurrence of general psychological sequelae has not yet been investigated. This study assessed the frequency and effects of psychological symptoms after an awake craniotomy on health-related quality of life (HRQOL).

Methods
Sixteen patients undergoing an awake surgery were surveyed with a self-developed questionnaire, the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Inventory For Awake Surgery Patients, which adopts the core components of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition) posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) criteria. The mean time between surgery and data collection was 97.3 ± 93.2 weeks. Health-related quality of life was assessed with the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey.

Results
Forty-four percent of the patients stated that they had experienced either repetitive distressing recollections or dreams related to the awake surgery, 18.8% stated persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the awake surgery, and symptoms of increased arousal occurred in 62.5%. Two patients presented with postoperative psychological sequelae resembling PTSD symptoms. Younger age at surgery and female sex were risk factors for symptoms of increased arousal. The experience of intense anxiety during awake surgery appears to favor the development of postsurgical PTSD symptoms, while recurrent distressing recollections particularly affect HRQOL negatively.

Conclusions
In many cases awake craniotomy is necessary to preserve language and motor function. However, in some cases awake craniotomy can lead to postoperative psychological sequelae resembling PTSD symptoms. Therefore, possible long-term effects of an awake surgery should be considered and discussed with the patient when planning this type of surgery.
Colocalization of thin-walled dome regions with low hemodynamic wall shear stress in unruptured cerebral aneurysms
Authors: Kadasi Laith M. , Dent Walter C. , Malek Adel M. 
Published: March 2013

Object
Wall shear stress (WSS) plays a role in regulating endothelial function and has been suspected in cerebral aneurysm rupture. The aim of this study was to evaluate the spatial relationship between localized thinning of the aneurysm dome and estimated hemodynamic factors, hypothesizing that a low WSS would correlate with aneurysm wall degeneration.

Methods
Steady-state computational fluid dynamics analysis was performed on 16 aneurysms in 14 patients based on rotational angiographic volumes to derive maps of WSS, its spatial gradient (WSSG), and pressure. Local dome thickness was estimated categorically based on tissue translucency from high-resolution intraoperative microscopy findings. Each computational model was oriented to match the corresponding intraoperative view and numerically sampled in thin and normal adjacent dome regions, with controls at the neck and parent vessel. The pressure differential was computed as the difference between aneurysm dome points and the mean neck pressure. Pulsatile time-dependent confirmatory analysis was carried out in 7 patients.

Results
Matched-pair analysis revealed significantly lower levels of WSS (0.381 Pa vs 0.816 Pa; p < 0.0001) in thin-walled dome areas than in adjacent baseline thickness regions. Similarly, log WSSG and log WSS × WSSG were both lower in thin regions (both p < 0.0001); multivariate logistic regression analysis identified lower WSS and higher pressure differential as independent correlates of lower wall thickness with an area under the curve of 0.80. This relationship was observed in both steady-state and time-dependent pulsatile analyses.

Conclusions
Thin-walled regions of unruptured cerebral aneurysms colocalize with low WSS, suggesting a cellular mechanotransduction link between areas of flow stasis and aneurysm wall thinning.
A systematic review of treatment outcomes in pediatric patients with intracranial ependymomas
Authors: Cage Tene A. , Clark Aaron J. , Aranda Derick , Gupta Nalin , Sun Peter P. , Parsa Andrew T. , Auguste Kurtis I. 
Published: March 2013

Object
Ependymoma is the third most common primary brain tumor in children. Tumors are classified according to the WHO pathological grading system. Prior studies have shown high levels of variability in patient outcomes within and across pathological grades. The authors reviewed the results from the published literature on intracranial ependymomas in children to describe clinical outcomes as they relate to treatment modality, associated mortality, and associated progression-free survival (PFS).

Methods
A search of English language peer-reviewed articles describing patients 18 years of age or younger with intracranial ependymomas yielded data on 182 patients. These patients had undergone treatment for ependymoma with 1 of 5 modalities: 1) gross-total resection (GTR), 2) GTR as well as external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), 3) subtotal resection (STR), 4) STR as well as EBRT, or 5) radiosurgery. Mortality and outcome data were analyzed for time to tumor progression in patients treated with 1 of these 5 treatment modalities.

Results
Of these 182 patients, 69% had supratentorial ependymomas and 31% presented with infratentorial lesions. Regardless of tumor location or pathological grade, STR was associated with the highest rates of mortality. In contrast, GTR was associated with the lowest rates of mortality, the best overall survival, and the longest PFS. Children with WHO Grade II ependymomas had lower mortality rates when treated more aggressively with GTR. However, patients with WHO Grade III tumors had slightly better survival outcomes after a less aggressive surgical debulking (STR+EBRT) when compared with GTR.

Conclusions
Mortality, PFS, and overall survival vary in pediatric patients with intracranial ependymomas. Pathological classification, tumor location, and method of treatment play a role in outcomes. In this study, GTR was associated with the best overall and PFS rates. Patients with WHO Grade II tumors had better overall survival after GTR+EBRT and better PFS after GTR alone. Patients with WHO Grade III tumors had better overall survival after STR+EBRT. Patients with infratentorial tumors had improved overall survival compared with those with supratentorial tumors. Progression-free survival was best in those patients with infratentorial tumors following STR+EBRT. Consideration of all of these factors is important when counseling families on treatment options.
A less-invasive cervical laminoplasty for spondylotic myelopathy that preserves the semispinalis cervicis muscles and nuchal ligament
Authors: Umeda Masayuki , Sasai Kunihiko , Kushida Taketoshi , Wakabayashi Ei , Maruyama Tokun , Ikeura Atsushi , Iida Hirokazu 
Published: March 2013

Object
Modified cervical laminoplasty techniques have been developed to reduce postoperative axial neck pain and preserve function in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). However, the previous studies demonstrating satisfactory surgical outcomes had a retrospective design. Here, the authors aimed to prospectively evaluate the 2-year outcomes of a modified cervical laminoplasty technique for CSM that preserves the paravertebral muscles.

Methods
Outcomes were analyzed for 40 patients (22 men and 18 women; mean age, 66.6 years; age range 44–92 years) with CSM who underwent C4–6 laminoplasty with C-3 and C-7 partial laminectomies or C-3 total and C-7 partial laminectomies and received hydroxyapatite spacers. Neurological, pain severity, and spinal radiographic evaluations were performed preoperatively and at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months postoperatively. Plain radiography and MRI of the cervical spine were performed to evaluate the range of motion (ROM), sagittal alignment, and cross-sectional areas of the deep extensor muscles. The extent of bone–spacer bonding and bony union at the gutter was assessed by CT.

Results
The mean preoperative Japanese Orthopaedic Association CSM score was 10.2, but it increased to 14.4 by 24 months after surgery. Eleven patients had axial neck pain preoperatively, but only 3 reported mild pain at 24 months, and in all 3 cases the pain was mild. The mean angle of lordosis was 11.7° preoperatively and 12.0° 2 years postoperatively. Although the ROM at the C2–7 levels was significantly reduced 3 months postoperatively, an increasing trend was observed up to 12 months, and 86% of the preoperative ROM was achieved by 2 years postoperatively. The mean paravertebral muscle cross-sectional areas were 833 ± 215 mm2 preoperatively and 763 ± 197 mm2 24 months postoperatively, but the difference was not statistically significant. The rates of bone–spacer bonding and bony union at the gutter were low during the early stages but increased to 90% and 93%, respectively, by 2 years after surgery.

Conclusions
The modified laminoplasty technique used in this study ensured very good neurological status and ROM after 2 years and was associated with low incidences of axial neck pain and serious complications. This simple and easy operative method could benefit future laminoplasty protocols.
Isolated cervical spinal canal stenosis at C-1 in the pediatric population and in Williams syndrome
Authors: Desai Sohum K. , Vadivelu Sudhakar , Patel Akash J. , Brayton Alison , Jea Andrew 
Published: March 2013

Object
Isolated cervical canal stenosis at the level of the atlas (C-1) is a rare cause of cervical myelopathy in the pediatric population. It has been associated with several genetic disorders including spondyloepiphysial dysplasia congenita, Down syndrome, and Klippel-Feil syndrome. The purpose of this study is to highlight the authors' experience with 4 additional pediatric cases, review the literature, and report a new association of this disease with Williams syndrome.

Methods
The medical records and radiological imaging studies of 4 patients treated at Texas Children's Hospital for symptomatic hypoplasia of the atlas were retrospectively reviewed. Pertinent patient demographic data, clinical presentation, imaging findings, and outcomes after surgery were recorded. A thorough literature review was performed, allowing the authors to compare and contrast their 4 cases to surgical cases already published in the literature.

Results
There were 11 boys and 1 girl in the aggregate series. The average age of the patients was 7 years (range 13 months–14 years), and the duration of symptoms prior to presentation was 6 months (range 0–36 months). The mean sagittal diameter of the spinal canal at the level of the atlas measured from the posterior aspect of the dens to the anterior aspect of the arch of C-1 was 11.9 mm (range 8.3–16 mm) in the aggregate series. In 2 new pediatric patients with hypoplasia of the atlas the disease was associated with Williams syndrome, which has not been previously described. Patients in the aggregate series were followed for an average of 18 months (range 3–50 months). Laminectomy of C-1 provided neurological improvement in all patients who presented.

Conclusions
Isolated cervical spinal canal stenosis at the level of the atlas is a rare cause of cervical myelopathy. The authors hope that this report will prompt clinicians to consider it when searching for the origin of signs and symptoms of cervical myelopathy, especially in children.
Development of SSR markers for Encholirium horridum (Bromeliaceae) and transferability to other Pitcairnioideae
Authors: Hmeljevski Karina Vanessa , Ciampi Maísa B. , Baldauf Cristina , Sedrez dos Reis Maurício , Forzza Rafaela Campostrini 
Published: March 2013

• Premise of the study: We developed a set of primers for Encholirium horridum, a species closely associated with inselbergs of the Atlantic Forest, to assess genetic diversity, genetic structure, and gene flow between populations of this species.• Methods and Results: From an enriched genomic library, 10 primer pairs for polymorphic microsatellite regions were developed. The average number of alleles ranged from eight to 20, and the observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.000 to 1.000, and from 0.000 to 0.929, respectively, across the populations.• Conclusions: These markers will be useful in evaluating genetic diversity, spatial genetic structure, analysis of gene flow by paternity, and characterization of mating system of E. horridum.
Oscillatory behavior of solutions of certain third order mixed neutral differential equations
Authors: Thandapani Ethiraj , Rama Renu 
Published: March 2013

The objective of this paper is to study the oscillatory and asymptotic properties of third order mixed neutral differential equation of the form $$ (a(t) [x(t) + b(t) x(t - \tau_{1}) + c(t) x(t + \tau_{2})]'')' + q(t) x^{\alpha}(t - \sigma_{1}) + p(t) x^{\beta}(t + \sigma_{2}) = 0 $$where $a(t), b(t), c(t), q(t)$ and $p(t)$ are positive continuous functions, $\alpha$ and $\beta$ are ratios of odd positive integers, $\tau_{1}, \tau_{2}, \sigma_{1}$ and $\sigma_{2}$ are positive constants. We establish some sufficient conditions which ensure that all solutions are either oscillatory or converge to zero. Some examples are provided to illustrate the main results.
Cyclodextrin Polymers: Recent Applications
Authors: Kozlowski Cezary A. , Sliwa Wanda 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
In this article, the applications of CD polymers are presented. The text consists of two parts. In the first one, the applications of CD polymers in environmental protection, especially detoxification from heavy metals and organic contaminants, are described. The second part concerns application of CD polymers in pharmaceutics and cosmetics.
Intellectual Disability and Hemizygous GPD2 Mutation
Authors: Barge‐Schaapveld Daniela Q.C.M. , Ofman Rob , Knegt Alida C. , Alders Mariëlle , Höhne Wolfgang , Kemp Stephan , Hennekam Raoul C.M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe report on a 25‐year‐old female with intellectual disability, mildly unusual face, and a pervasive developmental disorder, in whom routine aCGH showed a 298 kb de novo deletion at chromosome 2q24.1(156869529–157167986 × 1). The region contained two genes (NR4A2; GPD2). Molecular studies in the proposita showed an additional variant in GPD2 (c.614C > T, p.Pro205Leu), which was predicted to be pathogenic. The variant was also present in the healthy mother and sister. Functional analysis showed absent GPD2 activity in the proposita and 50% activity in mother and sister. We conclude that we have been able to find circumstantial evidence for the causative effect of the hemizygous GPD2 mutation but full proof remained lacking. Total costs for the work‐up in these patients were high (€21,975 [$27,029]). Similar results will increasingly be found when Next Generation Techniques will be applied widely in patients with intellectual disability, and proving pathogenicity by functional studies or in animal models will be expensive. We advocate the use of freely accessible international databases combining phenotype and genotype data using standard nomenclatures to facilitate proving pathogenicity of research data and to decrease costs of health care. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preferential Associated Anomalies in 818 Cases of Microtia in South America
Authors: Luquetti Daniela V. , Cox Timothy C. , Lopez‐Camelo Jorge , Dutra Maria da Graça , Cunningham Michael L. , Castilla Eduardo E. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe etiology of microtia remains unknown in most cases. The identification of patterns of associated anomalies (i.e., other anomalies that occur with a given congenital anomaly in a higher than expected frequency), is a methodology that has been used for research into the etiology of birth defects. We conducted a study based on cases of microtia that were diagnosed from more than 5 million live (LB)‐ and stillbirths (SB) examined in hospitals participating in ECLAMC (Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations) between 1967 and 2009. We identified 818 LB and SB with microtia and at least one additional non‐related major congenital anomaly (cases) and 15,969 LB and SB with two or more unrelated major congenital anomalies except microtia (controls). A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the congenital anomalies preferentially associated with microtia. Preferential associations were observed for 10 congenital anomalies, most of them in the craniofacial region, including facial asymmetry, choanal atresia, and eyelid colobomata. The analysis by type of microtia showed that for anomalies such as cleft lip and palate, macrostomia, and limb reduction defects, the frequency increased with the severity of the microtia. In contrast, for other anomalies the frequency tended to be the same across all types of microtia. Based on these results we will integrate data on the developmental pathways related to preferentially associated congenital anomalies for future studies investigating the etiology of microtia. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Shape and volume of craniofacial cavities in intentional skull deformations
Authors: Khonsari R.H. , Friess M. , Nysjö J. , Odri G. , Malmberg F. , Nyström I. , Messo E. , Hirsch J.M. , Cabanis E.A.M. , Kunzelmann K.H. , Salagnac J.M. , Corre P. , Ohazama A. , Sharpe P.T. , Charlier P. , Olszewski R. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTIntentional cranial deformations (ICD) have been observed worldwide but are especially prevalent in preColombian cultures. The purpose of this study was to assess the consequences of ICD on three cranial cavities (intracranial cavity, orbits, and maxillary sinuses) and on cranial vault thickness, in order to screen for morphological changes due to the external constraints exerted by the deformation device. We acquired CT‐scans for 39 deformed and 19 control skulls. We studied the thickness of the skull vault using qualitative and quantitative methods. We computed the volumes of the orbits, of the maxillary sinuses, and of the intracranial cavity using haptic‐aided semi‐automatic segmentation. We finally defined 3D distances and angles within orbits and maxillary sinuses based on 27 anatomical landmarks and measured these features on the 58 skulls. Our results show specific bone thickness patterns in some types of ICD, with localized thinning in regions subjected to increased pressure and thickening in other regions. Our findings confirm that volumes of the cranial cavities are not affected by ICDs but that the shapes of the orbits and of the maxillary sinuses are modified in circumferential deformations. We conclude that ICDs can modify the shape of the cranial cavities and the thickness of their walls but conserve their volumes. These results provide new insights into the morphological effects associated with ICDs and call for similar investigations in subjects with deformational plagiocephalies and craniosynostoses. Am J Phys Anthropol 151:110–119, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.