bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Représailles et logique idéologico-répressive. Le tournant de l'été 1941 dans la politique répressive du Commandant militaire allemand en France
Authors: Eismann Gaël 
Published: April 2014

Avec l’invasion de l’URSS par l’Allemagne en juin 1941, la politique répressive conduite par le MBF connaît un tournant brutal et s’oriente dès lors principalement contre les ennemis idéologiques du régime national-socialiste, présumés responsables des attentats. Le MBF rompt dès lors avec la pratique traditionnelle de la prise d’otages. Il décide en effet de ne pas prélever les otages destinés à être fusillés puis déportés en cas d’attentats parmi les notables, mais parmi le « cercle des coupables présumés », c’est-à-dire, en pratique, parmi les détenus communistes et bientôt juifs. Le choix opéré par le MBF répond à des motivations complexes qu’on ne saurait réduire, ni à de simples considérations objectives ou pragmatiques, ni à de simples considérations idéologiques. Si le MBF pratiqua en France occupée une terreur idéologiquement ciblée, c’est surtout parce qu’il la jugeait moins préjudiciable à la collaboration dans un pays où la lutte contre l’ennemi intérieur était définie selon des présupposés idéologiques qui rejoignaient largement les siens, et qui allaient être confortés, a posteriori, par les résultats des premières investigations policières. Qu’ils aient été simplement instrumentalisés ou qu’ils aient résulté de réelles inquiétudes devant la menace que représentaient les communistes et les Juifs pour la puissance occupante, le discours et les pratiques « sécuritaires » de l’appareil militaire d’occupation n’en expriment pas moins un anticommunisme et un antisémitisme virulents. La vision de la résistance qui sous-tend l’attitude souvent modératrice adoptée par le MBF face aux exécutions massives d’otages procède ainsi d’une logique idéologique et raciste.
Les groupes de choc du FLN. Particularités de la guerre d'indépendance algérienne en métropole
Authors: André Marc 
Published: April 2014

La guerre d’Algérie eut lieu en métropole du fait notamment de l’action armée des groupes de choc du FLN. Or, toujours mentionnés dans les biographies ou récits historiques, mais n’ayant jamais fait l’objet d’une véritable enquête, ces groupes apparaissent aujourd’hui comme une catégorie sociale floue. Cet article propose de suivre huit groupes de choc (46 individus) reconstitués grâce à l’ouverture des Archives de la justice militaire, de celles des Renseignements généraux, et également grâce à l’examen exhaustif d’un quotidien régional ; ils sont alors mis en série avec les données extraites des actes de jugement rendus par le Tribunal permanent des forces armées de Lyon pour 118 autres groupes de choc. Le cadre spatial retenu est celui de la wilaya 3 métropolitaine, la plus vaste de France puisque regroupant les départements du centre et centre-est de la France. Deux axes sont suivis, comme deux temps dans la vie des groupes de choc : d’une part, on s’attache à suivre ces groupes dans leur lutte clandestine (arrivée en métropole, formation, encadrement par les chefs, action armée) ; d’autre part, on analyse les combats sur le terrain judiciaire et carcéral de ces mêmes groupes qui tentent d’obtenir la reconnaissance d’un statut de combattants. Cet article aboutit alors à une nouvelle définition plus conforme à la réalité que celles jusqu’alors en usage.
De la validité de l'exégèse croyante de la Bible. Deux réflexions ou deux analogies
Authors: Schenker Adrian 
Published: April 2014

Dans une réflexion à caractère personnel l’auteur part de la position confessante catholique, qui est la sienne, en faisant observer l’importance que la prière y occupe sur un plan pratique. Celle-ci suppose la conviction croyante d’une proportion entre parole humaine et écoute divine. Cette proportion est également impliquée dans la notion de parole prophétique. Car les prophètes expriment des paroles divines en langage humain concret et historique, et la Bible est le document écrit de ces paroles. Cette proportion est analogue à la proportion entre des paroles humaines traduites d’une langue à une autre. Interpréter une traduction signifie l’entendement de la parole traduite et, inséparablement, de la parole originaire prononcée dans la langue originale. que l’on ignore puisqu’on a recours à la traduction. On a donc besoin d’une double herméneutique : celle de la parole traduite que l’on entend directement, et celle de la parole originaire impliquée dans la parole traduite mais que l’on n’entend qu’indirectement.
La lumière, image de Dieu et nom de l'homme chez Grégoire de Nazianze
Authors: Bady Guillaume 
Published: April 2014

Dans la deuxième moitié du iv e siècle, Grégoire de Nazianze, plus tard surnommé « le Théologien », est l’un des Pères grecs chez qui le thème de la lumière est le plus présent. Terme privilégié dans l’expression de la divinité, la lumière permet de faire le lien entre une formulation positive de Dieu (« Dieu est lumière ») et une vision en « négatif » (Dieu éblouit) : les théologies dites apophatique et cataphatique sont une seule et même théologie. Du côté anthropologique, l’incarnation du Fils, « lumière née de la lumière », donne un sens nouveau à l’un des mots qui, en grec, désignent l’être humain : le mot phôs. Par une révélation pour ainsi dire « photographique », l’homme trouve dès lors sa propre identité en Dieu, ainsi que le chemin de sa divinisation.
Gerard Manley Hopkins : quelle théologie lit-on dans son œuvre ?
Authors: Jossua Jean-Pierre 
Published: April 2014

Le poète jésuite Gerard Hopkins a produit une œuvre remarquable révélée après sa mort. La théologie qui y est explicite est celle de son temps : la providence, l’expiation, l’apologie de la souffrance, etc. Mais une étude de sa poétique, très originale et réfléchie, permet de discerner d’autres orientations qui sont du plus grand intérêt.
Véhicule électrique et gestion de son autonomie : une approche prospective ancrée dans l'expérience vécue
Authors: Nguyen Claudine , Cahour Béatrice 
Published: April 2014

Le développement du Véhicule Electrique (VE) pose la question de l’impact possible de ce dernier sur l’activité de conduite en raison de son autonomie limitée. Cette recherche prospective explore les comportements et expériences vécues des utilisateurs de véhicule thermique et de VE relatifs aux modes de gestion de l’autonomie. Dans une première phase, quatre styles de gestion de l’autonomie ont été identifiés suite à des entretiens avec des conducteurs de véhicules thermiques et quantifiés à l’aide d’un questionnaire. Ces styles dépendent de la relation affective au risque de panne, qui motive généralement le comportement de recharge, plus ou moins anticipateur ou réactif. D’autres facteurs contextuels qui peuvent intervenir sont précisés. Dans une seconde phase, à partir de deux semaines de prêts de VE, nous avons pu observer le transfert de ces styles de gestion de l’autonomie du véhicule thermique au VE, ce qui indique qu’ils peuvent être utilisés afin de prédire les conduites des futurs utilisateurs. La difficulté de préciser l’évolution de l’autonomie du VE peut générer des inquiétudes et la conception de nouveaux instruments et services permettra de réduire l’incertitude ; la perception et l’interprétation différenciée des instruments ont ainsi été analysées. Une troisième phase, s’appuyant sur l’expérience vécue de nos conducteurs et la confrontation à deux prototypes, a permis de stimuler la créativité des participants et de leur faire exprimer des attentes en termes de services et outils à développer dans le futur. L’articulation de méthodologies variées, en s’appuyant sur l’expérience vécue, fournit des pistes prospectives afin de garantir le développement et la conception d’instruments et services innovants qui participeront à la sécurité et au confort émotionnel des conducteurs des futurs VE.
Assessing Effects of Variation in Global Climate Data Sets on Spatial Predictions from Climate Envelope Models
Authors: Watling James I. , Fletcher Robert J. , Speroterra Carolina , Bucklin David N. , Brandt Laura A. , Romañach Stephanie S. , Pearlstine Leonard G. , Escribano Yesenia , Mazzotti Frank J. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractClimate change poses new challenges for natural resource managers. Predictive modeling of species–environment relationships using climate envelope models can enhance our understanding of climate change effects on biodiversity, assist in assessment of invasion risk by exotic organisms, and inform life-history understanding of individual species. While increasing interest has focused on the role of uncertainty in future conditions on model predictions, models also may be sensitive to the initial conditions on which they are trained. Although climate envelope models are usually trained using data on contemporary climate, we lack systematic comparisons of model performance and predictions across alternative climate data sets available for model training. Here, we seek to fill that gap by comparing variability in predictions between two contemporary climate data sets to variability in spatial predictions among three alternative projections of future climate. Overall, correlations between monthly temperature and precipitation variables were very high for both contemporary and future data. Model performance varied across algorithms, but not between two alternative contemporary climate data sets. Spatial predictions varied more among alternative general-circulation models describing future climate conditions than between contemporary climate data sets. However, we did find that climate envelope models with low Cohen's kappa scores made more discrepant spatial predictions between climate data sets for the contemporary period than did models with high Cohen's kappa scores. We suggest conservation planners evaluate multiple performance metrics and be aware of the importance of differences in initial conditions for spatial predictions from climate envelope models.
CTLA-4 Is Expressed by Activated Mouse NK Cells and Inhibits NK Cell IFN-γ Production in Response to Mature Dendritic Cells
Authors: Stojanovic Ana , Fiegler Nathalie , Brunner-Weinzierl Monika , Cerwenka Adelheid 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
NK cells express an array of activating and inhibitory receptors that determine NK cell responses upon triggering by cognate ligands. Although activating NK cell receptors recognize mainly ligands expressed by stressed, virus-infected, or transformed cells, most inhibitory receptors engage MHC class I, preventing NK cell activation in response to healthy cells. In this study, we provide insight into the regulation and function of additional receptors involved in mouse NK cell responses: CTLA-4 and CD28. CTLA-4 and CD28 engage the same ligands, B7-1 and B7-2, which are primarily expressed by APCs, such as dendritic cells. Our data demonstrate that activation of mouse NK cells with IL-2 induces the expression of CTLA-4 and upregulates CD28. CTLA-4 expression in IL-2–expanded NK cells was further up- or downregulated by IL-12 or TGF-β, respectively. Using gene-deficient NK cells, we show that CD28 induces, and CTLA-4 inhibits, IFN-γ release by NK cells upon engagement by the recombinant ligand, B7-1, or upon coculture with mature dendritic cells. Notably, we show that mouse NK cells infiltrating solid tumors express CD28 and CTLA-4 and respond to stimulation with recombinant B7-1, suggesting that the NK cell responses mediated by the CD28/CTLA-4:B7-1/B7-2 system could be of importance during malignant disease. Accordingly, our study might have implications for immunotherapy of cancer based on blocking anti–CTLA-4 mAbs.
High Molecular Weight Kininogen Binds Phosphatidylserine and Opsonizes Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor–Mediated Efferocytosis
Authors: Yang Aizhen , Dai Jihong , Xie Zhanli , Colman Robert W. , Wu Qingyu , Birge Raymond B. , Wu Yi 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) is essential for regulation of immune responses and tissue homeostasis and is mediated by phagocytic receptors. In this study, we found that urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) plays an important role in internalization of apoptotic cells and also characterized the underlying mechanisms. In a flow cytometry–based phagocytic assay, uPAR-deficient macrophages displayed significant defect in internalization but not tethering of apoptotic cells. When uPAR-deficient mice were challenged with apoptotic cells, they exhibited pronounced splenomegaly resulting from accumulation of abundant apoptotic cells in spleen. Overexpression of uPAR in HEK-293 cells enhanced efferocytosis, which was inhibited by Annexin V and phosphatidylserine (PS) liposome, suggesting that uPAR-mediated efferocytosis is dependent on PS. In serum lacking high m.w. kininogen (HK), a uPAR ligand, uPAR-mediated efferocytosis was significantly attenuated, which was rescued by replenishment of HK. As detected by flow cytometry, HK selectively bound to apoptotic cells, but not viable cells. In purified systems, HK was specifically associated with PS liposome. HK binding to apoptotic cells induced its rapid cleavage to the two-chain form of HK (HKa) and bradykinin. Both the H chain and L chain of HKa were associated with PS liposome and apoptotic cells. HKa has higher binding affinity than HK to uPAR. Overexpression of Rac1/N17 cDNA inhibited uPAR-mediated efferocytosis. HK plus PS liposome stimulated a complex formation of CrkII with p130Cas and Dock-180 and Rac1 activation in uPAR-293 cells, but not in control HEK-293 cells. Thus, uPAR mediates efferocytosis through HK interaction with PS on apoptotic cells and activation of the Rac1 pathway.
Posterior Iris-Claw Aphakic Intraocular Lens Implantation in Subluxated Lenses due to Marfan Syndrome
Authors: Gonnermann Johannes , Torun Necip , Klamann Matthias K.J. , Maier Anna-Karina , von Sonnleithner Christoph , Bertelmann Eckart 
Published: April 2014

Purpose To evaluate the indications, visual outcomes, and complication rate after posterior implantation of an iris-claw aphakic intraocular lens (IOL) in subluxated lenses due to Marfan syndrome. Methods Eyes without adequate capsular support had posterior chamber iris-claw aphakic IOL implantation between 2006 and 2012. Results This retrospective cohort study comprised 13 eyes of 10 patients (7 female, 3 male; mean age ± standard deviation, 34.7 ± 19.6; range 9-61 years). The mean follow-up was 37 months (range 6-74 months). The mean final postoperative best-corrected visual acuity was significantly (0.24 ± 0.36 logMAR) better at the last follow-up than 1 day preoperatively (0.72 ± 0.46 logMAR) (p<0.05). There was no significant change in intraocular pressure before and after surgery. The mean endothelial cell density decreased from 2793 ± 478 cells/mm2 preoperatively to 2637 ± 612 cells/mm2 at last follow-up, representing a mean endothelial cell loss of 5.6%. Complications included early transient postoperative hypotony in 2 eyes (15.4%), slight persistent pupil ovalization in 1 eye (7.7%), and retinal detachment in 1 eye (7.7%). Conclusions The posterior implantation technique of aphakic iris-claw IOL provided good visual outcomes with a favorable complication rate and can be used as a reasonable alternative in subluxated lenses due to Marfan syndrome without adequate capsular support.
Early Results of Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty in Patients Resistant to Deep Sclerectomy
Authors: Baykara Mehmet , Hamidi Nagihan Amuk , Akova-Budak Berna , Sabur Huri , Poroy Ceren 
Published: April 2014

Purpose In this study, we aimed to determine the early results of selective laser trabeculoplasty to trabeculo-Descemet membrane in patients resistant to deep sclerectomy (DS) surgery. Methods Twelve eyes of 12 patients that had undergone DS for primary open-angle glaucoma were enrolled. Preoperative and postoperative intraocular pressures (IOP) were measured by Goldmann applanation tonometer. Time to failure after DS was noted. Failure is described as IOP higher than 20 mm Hg. All patients underwent selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) after failure. Eight to 10 applications of SLT were applied over the trabeculo-Descemet membrane. Laser was applied to the surgical site only. The IOPs before SLT, at postoperative first week, first month, and third month were measured. Results Mean follow-up time was 23.5 ± 9.5 months. Mean preoperative IOP was 34.2 ± 6.7 mm Hg; mean postoperative IOP at first week was 12.7 ± 3.2 mm Hg. Mean time to failure after DS procedure was 21.6 ± 7.6 months. Mean IOP was 20.6 ± 1.9 mm Hg just before SLT procedure. Mean IOP measurements after SLT at first week, first month, and third month were 10.5 ± 2.2 mm Hg, 10.5 ± 1.9 mm Hg, and 10.9 ± 2.1 mm Hg, respectively. Conclusions Selective laser trabeculoplasty after DS is an effective and noninvasive procedure that can be done on an outpatient basis. Our results suggest that SLT applied to the surgical site is an effective intervention in the short term but long-term results are required to assess the efficacy.
Visian Toric ICL Implantation after Intracorneal Ring Segments Implantation and Corneal Collagen Crosslinking in Keratoconus
Authors: Dirani Ali , Fadlallah Ali , Khoueir Ziad , Antoun Joelle , Cherfan George , Jarade Elias 
Published: April 2014

Purpose To evaluate the safety and clinical outcome of Visian toric implantable collamer lens (TICL) implantation for the treatment of residual refractive errors 6 months after sequential intracorneal ring segments (ICRS) and corneal collagen UVA crosslinking (CXL) in stable keratoconus. Methods This retrospective study examined the results of a 3-step ICRS-CXL-TICL in 11 eyes of 7 patients with moderate to severe keratoconus. The 2 procedures (ICRS-CXL) were performed sequentially at an interval of 4 weeks and TICL implantation was performed at least 6 months after CXL. Data were collected preoperatively, at the 6-month follow-up visit after sequential ICRS-CXL, and at the 6-month follow-up visit after TICL implantation. Results The ICRS-CXL induced a significant decrease in keratometry, increase in visual acuity, and decrease in refraction. At 6-month follow-up after ICRS-CXL, mean Kflat was 45.19 ± 3.98 D vs 48.51 ± 4.26 D preoperatively (p = 0.022) and mean Ksteep was 50.41 ± 4.32 D vs 54.24 ± 4.96 D preoperatively (p = 0.032). Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCVA) significantly improved from 1.47 ± 0.38 logMAR before ICRS-CXL to 0.27 ± 0.20 logMAR 6 months after (p = 0.002). Corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) significantly improved from 0.50 ± 0.22 logMAR to 0.29 ± 0.23 logMAR (p = 0.001). At 6 months post TICL implantation, UCVA improved significantly to 0.27 ± 0.20 logMAR and the CDVA was 0.19 ± 0.11 logMAR. No intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred. Conclusions Toric ICL implantation after sequential ICRS implantation and CXL is an effective and safe option for correcting high residual refractive error and improving visual acuity in patients with moderate to severe keratoconus.
Treatment Outcomes and Clinicomicrobiological Characteristics of a Protocol-Based Approach for Neonatal Endogenous Endophthalmitis
Authors: Jalali Subhadra , Pehere Niranjan , Rani Padmaja K. , Bobbili Ramesh B. , Nalamada Suma , Motukupally Swapna R. , Sharma Savitri 
Published: April 2014

Purpose To describe the outcomes and clinicomicrobiological profile of 11 years of a protocol-based management in neonatal endogenous endophthalmitis. Methods This was a retrospective interventional study of endogenous endophthalmitis in 31 eyes of 26 neonates. The protocol for active infection included systemic antimicrobials, vitreous and/or aqueous tap, and intravitreal antimicrobials under topical or general anesthesia along with core vitrectomy in selected cases. Blood, urine, umbilicus, aqueous, and vitreous samples underwent microbiological evaluation. Retinopathy of prematurity screening and treatment were done when indicated. Primary outcome was anatomic status assessed by comprehensive eye examination and by fundus photography whenever possible. Results Twenty-one of 26 babies (81%) were preterm. Two types of presentations included those with a fulminant appearance (24 eyes) and those with focal retinitis detected during routine screening (7 eyes). Vitreous culture was positive in 12/20 eyes (60%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( 8 ) was the most common isolate. Incorrect initial diagnosis was common. Treatment included intravitreal injections in 26 eyes, 10 of which also underwent vitrectomy. Twenty-four of the 26 patients (92%) received parenteral antimicrobials and 17 had evidence of systemic infection. All eyes with a fulminant presentation developed phthisis, while all focal fungal cases were salvaged. Conclusions Neonatal endogenous endophthalmitis has 2 distinct presentations. Focal retinal infections have good visual and anatomical outcomes while fulminant nosocomial cases do poorly. Management under topical anesthesia can be an alternative strategy for sick babies that cannot undergo surgery under general anesthesia due to systemic morbidity. Awareness about early diagnostic signs may help early referral.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lacrimal Caruncle: Case Reports
Authors: Van De Put Mathijs A.J. , Haeseker Barbara I. , De Wolff-Rouendaal Didi , De Keizer Robert J.W. 
Published: April 2014

Purpose To report 2 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the lacrimal caruncle. Methods Two patients, a 38-year-old man and a 72-year-old woman, presented with a painful mass in the medial angle of the eyelid aperture, with signs of inflammation. Biopsy was performed in both cases. Results Pathologic examination revealed a keratinized squamous cell carcinoma of the lacrimal caruncle in both cases. Conclusions We report 2 more cases of the rarely found squamous cell carcinoma of the lacrimal caruncle.
Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography in Evaluation of Severe Fungal Keratitis Infections Treated by Corneal Crosslinking
Authors: Abbouda Alessandro , Estrada Alfredo Vega , Rodriguez Alejandra E. , Alió Jorge L. 
Published: April 2014

Purpose Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a relevant diagnostic tool in the evaluation of corneal changes following corneal crosslinking (CXL) treatment in patients infected by a severe fungal corneal infection. Methods Two patients with severe fungal keratitis that was unresponsive to medical treatment were treated with CXL. Corneal melting was present in all cases. Anterior segment OCT showed the preoperative depth and extension of the infiltrate and the modification during the follow-up. Results Blockage of the melting was achieved in one patient and one patient developed a corneal perforation. Anterior segment OCT allowed control of the evolution of fungal infection and evaluation of the corneal tissue response to the CXL. It is also able to identify the extent and depth of the inflammation. This parameter seems more important than corneal pachymetry to ensure the safety of CXL procedures in infectious keratitis. Conclusions The different behavior of inflamed tissue with respect to UVA irradiance could be the main point to understand the different postoperative outcome.