bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crisis management policy. How discourses shape academic-political actors
Authors: Maesse Jens 
Published: August 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to contribute to a discourse analytical understanding of the political economy. The term “crisis” is an important label in recent discussion in political economy. Yet the genuine discursive dimension of “the crisis” and the multiple linguistic layers of the crisis discourse remains an open issue.Design/methodology/approach– Realist perspectives usually believe in an external reality of crises independent of the language construction; in contrast, constructivist perspectives argue that a crisis is always the result of a socio-linguistic construction process. This contribution follows a critical-constructivist perspective, thereby taking into account powerful discursive actors which are able to “declare” a state in the world as a “crisis”.Findings– From a discourse analytical point of view, this paper examines the rules and logics of crisis management policy, arguing that a new politico-academic elite has appeared which is beyond the classical distinction between “Keynesians” and “neo-liberals”. By taking a position in the discourse of the recent debate on financial regulation, these new elite might be able to manage the crisis for a particular time, as they are constructed as “moderating actors” through academic and political discourses.Research limitations/implications– From a practical point of view, this analysis cannot offer economic solutions; from an analytical viewpoint, it will not give insights into discursive contexts.Practical implications– This analysis helps to understand current debates on economic policy and to improve the communicative efficiency of the participants.Originality/value– This paper combines a discourse analysis with a governmentality perspective and applies this analytical tool onto a political and economic topic currently prevailing in the global political economy.
Two sides of the same coin: matter and embodiment in metaphors of money
Authors: Sifaki Evi , Mooney Annabelle 
Published: August 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to document the conceptual metaphors (Lakoff and Johnson, 2003) found in the talk of Greek and Australian adults to describe how people think about money. As money becomes increasingly abstract, understanding money, dealing with debt and encouraging financial literacy become more problematic.

Design/methodology/approach
– Semi-structured interviews of a small sample (n = 7) are analysed using Lakoff and Johnson’s model of metaphor to map the underlying conceptual structures of money.

Findings
– This paper argues that the abstraction of money has led people to search for a conceptual object. The forms and features of this object are recovered by tracing the metaphors, their presuppositions and entailments. This shows that people think about money as a physical object that needs to be carefully managed to avoid bodily harm and personal physical discomfort. Specifically, money is an object with weight that physically constrains the body, a substance that can be addictive albeit with the agentive capacity of sentient beings.

Social implications
– While the physical and corporeal nature of money implicitly underpins existing money management techniques (e.g. “jam jar” accounts), a detailed understanding of money as a (conceptual) object provides detailed discursive, lexical and persuasive resources for promoting sound financial behaviour and perhaps informing both economic and social policies.

Originality/value
– While metaphor has been studied in economics texts, very little attention has been paid to the language that ordinary people use to talk about money. This research gives a clear picture of money as a metaphorically physical object.
Law enforcement officers
'
risk perceptions toward on-duty motor-vehicle events
Authors: Tiesman Hope M. , Heick Rebecca J. , Konda Srinivas , Hendricks Scott 
Published: August 2015

Purpose
– Motor-vehicle-related events (MVEs) are the leading cause of on-duty death for law enforcement officers, yet little is known about how officers view this significant job hazard. The purpose of this paper is to explore officers’ motor-vehicle risk perception and examine how prior on-duty MVEs and the death or injury of a fellow officer influences this perception.

Design/methodology/approach
– A state-wide random sample of 136 law enforcement agencies was drawn using publically accessible databases, stratified on type and size of agency. In total, 60 agencies agreed to participate and a cross-sectional questionnaire was distributed to 1,466 officers. Using six-point Likert scales, composite scores for motor-vehicle and intentional violence risk perception were derived. A linear regression multivariable model was used to examine factors affecting motor-vehicle risk perception.

Findings
– Motor-vehicle risk perception scores were significantly higher than intentional violence scores. A prior on-duty motor-vehicle crash, prior roadside incident, or knowledge of fellow officer’s injury or death from a MVE significantly increased motor-vehicle risk perception scores. After controlling for potential confounders though, only prior on-duty crashes and roadside incidents impacted motor-vehicle risk perception.

Research limitations/implications
– The study comprised primarily small, rural agencies and generalizability may be limited. Also, although the data were collected anonymously, reporting and response biases may affect these findings.

Originality/value
– This study involved a large and diverse cohort of officers and explored motor-vehicle risk perception. A better understanding of officers’ risk perceptions will assist in the development and implementation of occupational injury prevention programs, training, and policy.
Characteristics of officer-involved vehicle collisions in California
Authors: Wolfe Scott E. , Rojek Jeff , Alpert Geoff , Tiesman Hope M. , James Stephen M. 
Published: August 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the situational and individual officer characteristics of officer-involved vehicle collisions that result in fatality, injury, and non-injury outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach
– Data on 35,840 vehicle collisions involving law enforcement officers in California occurring between January 2000 and December 2009 are examined. A descriptive analysis of collision characteristics is presented.

Findings
– There were 39 officers killed by collisions over this study period and 7,684 officers who received some type injury. Incidents involving officers on motorcycles represented 39 percent of officer fatalities and 39 percent of severe injuries. In the case of fatalities, 33 percent of officers were reported as wearing seatbelts, 38 percent were not wearing a seatbelt, and seatbelt use was not stated in 29 percent of car fatalities.

Research limitations/implications
– The findings only represent one state and the analysis is based on an estimated 86 percent of collisions that occurred during the study period due to missing data. Nonetheless, the results are based on a robust sample and address key limitations in the existing literature.

Practical implications
– During the study period in California the estimated financial impact of collisions reached into the hundreds of millions of dollars when considering related fatality, injury, and vehicle damage costs combined. These impacts highlight the need for the law enforcement community to give greater attention to this issue.

Originality/value
– At the time of this writing there was no published independent research that compares the situational and officer characteristics across fatality, injury, and non-injury outcomes in these events. The findings reported here will help inform emerging interest in this issue within the law enforcement, academic, and policy-making communities.
Processing Strategies to Inactivate Hepatitis A Virus in Food Products: A Critical Review
Authors: Sánchez Gloria 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHepatitis A infection, caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV), is the leading cause of human viral hepatitis throughout the world and is mainly propagated via the fecal–oral route. Transnational outbreaks of food‐borne infections are reported with increasing frequency as a consequence of international food trade. Food‐borne outbreaks caused by HAV are mainly associated with bivalve molluscs, produce (soft fruits and leafy greens), and ready‐to‐eat meals. The purpose of this paper was to conduct a structured and systematic review of the published literature on the current state of knowledge regarding the stability of HAV in foods as well as the efficacy of food processing strategies and to identify and prioritize research gaps regarding practical and effective mechanisms to reduce HAV contamination of foods. In particular, processing and disinfection strategies for the 3 food categories have been compiled in this review, including common and emerging food technologies. Overall, most of these processes can improve food safety; however, from a commercial point of view, none of the methods can guarantee total HAV inactivation without affecting the organoleptic qualities of the food product.
A Comparison of Dental Chartings Performed at the Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command Central Identification Laboratory and the Kokura Central Identification Unit on Remains Identified from the Korean War
Authors: Shiroma Calvin Y. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDuring the Korean War, the Office of the Quartermaster General's Graves Registration Service (GRS) was responsible for the recovery, processing, identification, and repatriation of US remains. In January 1951, the GRS established a Central Identification Unit (CIU) at Kokura, Japan. At the Kokura CIU, postmortem dental examinations were performed by the dental technicians. Thirty‐nine postmortem dental examinations performed at the CIU were compared to the findings documented in the Forensic Odontology Reports written at the JPAC Central Identification Laboratory (CIL). Differences were noted in 20 comparisons (51%). The majority of the discrepancies was considered negligible and would not alter the JPAC decision to disinter a set of unknown remains. Charting discrepancies that were considered significant included the occasional failure of the Kokura technicians to identify teeth with inter‐proximal or esthetic restorations and the misidentification of a mechanically prepared tooth (i.e., tooth prepared for a restoration) as a carious surface.
Increased Butyrate Production During Long‐Term Fermentation of In Vitro‐Digested High Amylose Cornstarch Residues with Human Feces
Authors: Li Li , Jiang Hongxin , Kim Hyun‐Jung , Yum Man‐Yu , Campbell Mark R. , Jane Jay‐Lin , White Pamela J. , Hendrich Suzanne 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAn in vitro semi‐continuous long‐term (3 wk) anaerobic incubation system simulating lower gut fermentation was used to determine variability in gut microbial metabolism between 4 predigested high amylose‐resistant starch residues (SR): SRV, SRVI, SRVII, and SRGEMS in human fecal samples. Subjects participated twice, 5 mo apart: 30 in Phase I (15 lean, 9 overweight and 6 obese), 29 in Phase II (15 lean, 9 overweight, 5 obese); 13 of 15 lean subjects participated in both phases. Of the 4 SRs, SRV displayed the highest gelatinization temperature, peak temperature, enthalpy changes, and the least digestibility compared with the other SRs. In both phases, compared with blank controls, all SRs increased butyrate ∼2‐fold which stabilized at week 2 and only SRV caused greater propionate concentration (∼30%) after 3 wk which might have been partly mediated by its lesser digestibility. Fecal samples from lean and overweight/obese subjects incubated with SRs showed similar short‐chain fatty acid production across both time points, which suggests that resistant starch may benefit individuals across BMIs.
Metabolic syndrome and drug discontinuation in schizophrenia: a randomized trial comparing aripiprazole olanzapine and haloperidol
Authors: Parabiaghi A. , Tettamanti M. , D'Avanzo B. , Barbato A. ,   the GiSAS study group
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveTo determine whether the prescription of aripiprazole, compared with olanzapine and haloperidol, was associated with a lower frequency of metabolic syndrome (MS) and treatment discontinuation at 1 year.MethodPatients were randomly assigned to be treated open‐label and according to usual clinical practice with either aripiprazole, olanzapine, or haloperidol and followed up for 1 year.ResultsThree hundred out‐patients with persistent schizophrenia were recruited in 35 mental health services. The intention‐to‐treat (ITT) analysis found no significant differences in the rate of MS between aripiprazole (37%), olanzapine (47%), and haloperidol (42%). Treatment discontinuation for any cause was higher for aripiprazole (52%) than for olanzapine (33%; OR, 0.41; P = 0.004), or haloperidol (37%; OR, 0.51; P = 0.030). No significant difference was found between olanzapine and haloperidol. Time to discontinuation for any cause was longer for olanzapine than for aripiprazole (HR, 0.55; P < 0.001). No significant differences were found between haloperidol and aripiprazole, or between olanzapine and haloperidol.ConclusionThe prescription of aripiprazole did not significantly reduce the rates of MS, but its treatment retention was worse. Aripiprazole cannot be considered the safest and most effective drug for maintenance treatment of schizophrenia in routine care, although it may have a place in antipsychotic therapy.
Effect of fine wood on juvenile brown trout behaviour in experimental stream channels
Authors: Enefalk Åsa , Bergman Eva 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn‐stream wood can increase shelter availability and prey abundance for stream‐living fish such as brown trout, Salmo trutta, but the input of wood to streams has decreased in recent years due to harvesting of riparian vegetation. During the last decades, fine wood (FW) has been increasingly used for biofuel, and the input of FW to streams may therefore decrease. Although effects of in‐stream FW have not been studied as extensively as those of large wood (LW), it is probably important as shelter for small‐sized trout. In a laboratory stream experiment, we tested the behavioural response of young‐of‐the‐year wild brown trout to three densities of FW, with trout tested alone and in groups of four. Video recordings were used to measure the proportion of time allocated to sheltering, cruising and foraging, as well as the number of aggressive interactions and prey attacks. Cruising activity increased with decreasing FW density and was higher in the four‐fish groups than when fish were alone. Foraging decreased and time spent sheltering in FW increased with increasing FW density. Our study shows that juvenile trout activity is higher in higher fish densities and that trout response to FW is related to FW density and differs from the response to LW as reported by others.
News/Interview/Editorial
Authors: Tarran Brian , Bohannon John 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Statisticians take the lead on forensic science research. Making fun of demography with a videogame. Data-driven architecture arrives in Sweden. Bad science, or better review systems? A science journalist encourages others to ask the right questions. Do newspaper endorsements sway voters? A crime reporter turns a spotlight on the Los Angeles homicide “epidemic”
A Very Different Result
Authors: Marriott Nigel 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The 2015 UK general election caused upset for smaller political parties, who were disappointed to have received millions of votes but few seats under the first-past-the-post system. Is it time for a change? Nigel Marriott uses the D'Hondt system to produce an alternative outcome
Small political parties received millions of votes but few seats at the UK general election. Nigel Marriott uses the D'Hondt system to produce an alternative outcome
Direct Synthesis of Alumina Nanowires on Ceramic Substrates Using Sn Catalysts
Authors: Jeong Namjo , Hong Sung‐kuk , Kim Chansoo , Kim Kahee 
Published: August 2015

Direct integration of nanostructures into macroscopic substrates is very important for their practical applications. In this work, we report a simple method that can be introduced for the Sn‐catalyzed growth of alumina nanowires on ceramic substrates such as porous disk, monolith, and foam. Our study focuses on the role of the Sn catalysts in the formation mechanisms governing nanowire growth. Using the proposed approach, hair‐ or grass‐like tufts of 20 nm diameter nanowires grow on the surface of the ~3 μm diameter Sn particles, in a tip growth mechanism. The nanowires of α‐phased polycrystalline structure grow and are packed via a complex process involving batch‐by‐batch, branching, and amalgamation growth. The detailed observations reveal that the Sn catalyst is key to tailoring the growth patterns of the nanowires. In addition, cathodoluminescence studies highlight the potential optical applications of the alumina nanowires.
Francisco José de Caldas and the early development of plant geography
Authors: González‐Orozco Carlos E. , Ebach Malte C. , Varona Regina 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBetween 1801 and 1810, the Colombian cartographer, astronomer and botanist Francisco José de Caldas (1768–1816) produced a series of maps showing phytogeographical regions of taxon distributions drawn in three‐dimensions across landscapes in the Andean region of present‐day Ecuador. However, until the late 1990s, his phytogeographical maps remained unpublished and his methods largely unknown. To create his maps, Caldas generated three‐dimensional topographic profiles showing the elevation, maximum and minimum limits of distribution for single species and taxon regions delimited according to latitude, illustrating the geographical extent of each phytogeographical region. Here, we provide evidence to argue that Caldas' scientific work is important for understanding the development of plant geography in late 18th century Latin America.
Periodontitis aggravated pancreatic β‐cell dysfunction in diabetic mice through interleukin‐12 regulation on Klotho
Authors: Liu Yihua , Zhang Qiuli 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAims/IntroductionRecent studies have shown that periodontitis can contribute to adipose tissue inflammation and subsequent systemic insulin resistance in the obese rat model. However, the related inflammatory mechanism is not yet clear. The present study aims to investigate the effects of periodontitis on the function of pancreatic β‐cells with pro‐inflammatory cytokines‐related immune mechanism in a mouse model.Materials and MethodsC57BL/6‐db/db and inbred C57BL/6 mice were chosen here to establish a mouse model with periodontitis, which was induced by ligatures for 8 weeks. Glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion was introduced to evaluate the function of pancreatic islets and β‐cells. Serum levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and Klotho were also measured, and the correlation between immunostimulation and Klotho level was deeply investigated in vitro.ResultsPancreatic β‐cell failure, with insulin resistance, was observed in db/db mice, while periodontitis could aggravate β‐cell dysfunction‐related features. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)‐12 and Klotho showed a negatively synergistic change, whereas the expression of Klotho was also inhibited under IL‐12 treatment in MIN6 β‐cells or isolated islets. Furthermore, IL‐12‐induced immune stimulation and also decreased insulin secretion were proven to be reversed by Klotho overexpression.ConclusionsPeriodontitis aggravated pancreatic β‐cell failure in diabetic mice. Further in vitro studies showed IL‐12 regulation on Klotho, while Klotho also acted as an inhibitor on IL‐12, indicating the potential of Klotho for preserving pancreatic β‐cell function in diabetes.
Patient beliefs about medicines and quality of life after a clinical medication review and follow-up by a pharmaceutical care plan: a study in elderly polypharmacy patients with a cardiovascular disorder
Authors: Geurts Marlies ME , Stewart Roy E , Brouwers Jacobus RBJ , de Graeff Pieter A , de Gier Johan J 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Objective
To determine the effect of a clinical medication review, followed up by a pharmaceutical care plan, on the beliefs about medicines and quality of life (QoL) of older patients with polypharmacy and a cardiovascular disorder.

Methods
Patients were randomly assigned to an intervention or control group. Intervention patients received a clinical medication review with a follow-up that developed a pharmaceutical care plan. Control group patients received care as usual. All patients received two standardised questionnaires: the general part of the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ) and the EuroQoL EQ-5D questionnaire, at the start of the study (t = 0) and after 1-year follow-up (t = 1). Answers on both questionnaires were linked to patient data.

Key findings
512 patients were included from eight primary care settings. Analysis of the BMQ-General questionnaire showed that after 1-year intervention patients were more positive about medicines use, while control patients were more neutral or even more negative compared with baseline. For the first part, general harm, this result is statistically significant for the intervention group (P = 0.014). The EQ-5D questionnaire showed no significant results in QoL. Increasing the number of episodes documented had a significant effect and resulted in more negative patient beliefs about medicines. Advanced age, female gender, increasing number of episodes documented and medicines dispensed resulted in a lower QoL.

Conclusion
A medication review followed by a pharmaceutical care plan resulted in a significant positive effect on patient beliefs about medicines, but had no significant effect on QoL in elderly patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases. Female patients using multiple medicines, who visit their general practitioner regularly, might benefit most.
Comparison of gene flow among species that occur within the same geographic locations versus gene flow among populations within species reveals introgression among several Elymus species
Authors: Wu Pan‐Pan , Zuo Hong‐Wei , Sun Genlou , Wu De‐Xiang , Salomon Bjorn , Hu Qun‐Wen , Dong Zhao‐Rong 
Published: August 2015

AbstractOne of the challenges in evolutionary biology is to understand the evolution of speciation with incomplete reproductive isolation as many taxa have continued gene flow both during and after speciation. Comparison of population structure between sympatric and allopatric populations can reveal specific introgression and determine if introgression occurs in a unidirectional or bidirectional manner. Simple sequence repeat markers were used to characterize sympatric and allopatric population structure of plant species, Elymus alaskanus (Scribn. and Merr.) Löve, E. caninus L., E. fibrosus (Schrenk) Tzvel., and E. mutabilis (Drobov) Tzvelev. Our results showed that genetic diversity (HE) at species level is E. caninus (0.5355) > E. alaskanus (0.4511) > E. fibrosus (0.3924) > E. mutabilis (0.3764), suggesting that E. caninus and E. alaskanus are more variable than E. fibrosus and E. mutabilis. Gene flow between species that occurs within the same geographic locations versus gene flow between populations within species was compared to provide evidence of introgression. Our results indicated that gene flow between species that occur within the same geographic location is higher than that between populations within species, suggesting that gene flow resulting from introgressive hybridization might have occurred among the sympatric populations of these species, and may play an important role in partitioning of genetic diversity among and within populations. The migration rate from E. fibrosus to E. mutabilis is highest (0.2631) among the four species studied. Asymmetrical rates of gene flow among four species were also observed. The findings highlight the complex evolution of these four Elymus species.