bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do seismic waves sense fracture connectivity?
Authors: Germán Rubino J. , Guarracino Luis , Müller Tobias M. , Holliger Klaus 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA defining characteristic of fractured rocks is their very high level of seismic attenuation, which so far has been assumed to be mainly due to wave‐induced fluid flow (WIFF) between the fractures and the pore space of the embedding matrix. Using oscillatory compressibility simulations based on the quasi‐static poroelastic equations, we show that another important, and as of yet undocumented, manifestation of WIFF is at play in the presence of fracture connectivity. This additional energy loss is predominantly due to fluid flow within the connected fractures and is sensitive to their lengths, permeabilities, and intersection angles. Correspondingly, it contains key information on the governing hydraulic properties of fractured rock masses and hence should be accounted for whenever realistic seismic models of such media are needed.
Extracting tidal variability of sea ice concentration from AMSR‐E passive microwave single‐swath data: a case study of the Ross Sea
Authors: Mack Stefanie , Padman Laurie , Klinck John 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe periodic divergence of stress applied by ocean tidal currents to sea ice affects the time‐averaged ice concentration (Cice) and heat and freshwater fluxes at the ocean surface. We demonstrate that, at sufficiently high latitudes, tidal variability in Cice can be extracted from single‐swath data from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer–EOS (AMSR‐E) satellite passive microwave sensor, although time intervals between swaths are irregular. For the northwest Ross Sea where tidal currents are large, tidal divergence is the dominant cause of Cice variability in winter, with a range of ±0.2 about a mean of ~0.8. Daily‐averaged Cice values vary from >0.9 at neap tides to ~0.7 at spring tides. Variability at the fundamental tidal periods is about half that expected from an inverse barotropic tide model for the Ross Sea, suggesting that the measured tidal signal in Cice may be used to diagnose sea ice mechanical properties and ice/ocean coupling.
Seasonal forecast skill of Arctic sea ice area in a dynamical forecast system
Authors: Sigmond M. , Fyfe J. C. , Flato G. M. , Kharin V. V. , Merryfield W. J. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe assess the seasonal forecast skill of pan‐Arctic sea ice area in a dynamical forecast system that includes interactive atmosphere, ocean, and sea ice components. Forecast skill is quantified by the correlation skill score computed from 12 month ensemble forecasts initialized in each month between January 1979 to December 2009. We find that forecast skill is substantial for all lead times and predicted seasons except spring but is mainly due to the strong downward trend in observations for lead times of about 4 months and longer. Skill is higher when evaluated against an observation‐based dataset with larger trends. The forecast skill when linear trends are removed from the forecasts and verifying observations is small and generally not statistically significant at lead times greater than 2 to 3 months, except for January/February when forecast skill is moderately high up to an 11 month lead time. For short lead times, high trend‐independent forecast skill is found for October, while low skill is found for November/December. This is consistent with the seasonal variation of observed lag correlations. For most predicted months and lead times, trend‐independent forecast skill exceeds that of an anomaly persistence forecast, highlighting the potential for dynamical forecast systems to provide valuable seasonal predictions of Arctic sea ice.
Exploring links between Arctic amplification and mid‐latitude weather
Authors: Screen James A. , Simmonds Ian 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis study examines observed changes (1979–2011) in atmospheric planetary‐wave amplitude over northern mid‐latitudes, which have been proposed as a possible mechanism linking Arctic amplification and mid‐latitude weather extremes. We use two distinct but equally‐valid definitions of planetary‐wave amplitude, termed meridional amplitude, a measure of north‐south meandering, and zonal amplitude, a measure of the intensity of atmospheric ridges and troughs at 45°N. Statistically significant changes in either metric are limited to few seasons, wavelengths, and longitudinal sectors. However in summer, we identify significant increases in meridional amplitude over Europe, but significant decreases in zonal amplitude hemispherically, and also individually over Europe and Asia. Therefore, we argue that possible connections between Arctic amplification and planetary waves, and implications of these, are sensitive to how waves are conceptualized. The contrasting meridional and zonal amplitude trends have different and complex possible implications for midlatitude weather, and we encourage further work to better understand these.
Minimal Kakeya Sets
Authors: Dover Jeremy M. , Mellinger Keith E. , Scott Kelly E. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBlokhuis and Mazzocca (A. Blokhuis and F. Mazzocca, The finite field Kakeya problem (English summary). Building bridges. Bolyai Soc Math Stud 19 (2008) 205–218) provide a strong answer to the finite field analog of the classical Kakeya problem, which asks for the minimum size of a point set in an affine plane π that contains a line in every direction. In this article, we consider the related problem of minimal Kakeya sets, namely Kakeya sets containing no smaller Kakeya sets, and provide an interesting infinite family of minimal Kakeya sets that are not of extremal size.
A snapshot of radiation therapy techniques and technology in Queensland: An aid to mapping undergraduate curriculum
Authors: Bridge Pete , Carmichael Mary‐Ann , Brady Carole , Dry Allison 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIntroductionUndergraduate students studying the Bachelor of Radiation Therapy at Queensland University of Technology (QUT) attend clinical placements in a number of department sites across Queensland. To ensure that the curriculum prepares students for the most common treatments and current techniques in use in these departments, a curriculum matching exercise was performed.MethodsA cross‐sectional census was performed on a pre‐determined “Snapshot” date in 2012. This was undertaken by the clinical education staff in each department who used a standardized proforma to count the number of patients as well as prescription, equipment, and technique data for a list of tumour site categories. This information was combined into aggregate anonymized data.ResultsAll 12 Queensland radiation therapy clinical sites participated in the Snapshot data collection exercise to produce a comprehensive overview of clinical practice on the chosen day. A total of 59 different tumour sites were treated on the chosen day and as expected the most common treatment sites were prostate and breast, comprising 46% of patients treated. Data analysis also indicated that intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) use is relatively high with 19.6% of patients receiving IMRT treatment on the chosen day. Both IMRT and image‐guided radiotherapy (IGRT) indications matched recommendations from the evidence.ConclusionThe Snapshot method proved to be a feasible and efficient method of gathering useful data to inform curriculum matching. Frequency of IMRT use in Queensland matches or possibly exceeds that indicated in the literature. It is recommended that future repetition of the study be undertaken in order to monitor trends in referral patterns and new technology implementation.
Foliations with trivial canonical bundle on Fano 3‐folds
Authors: Loray Frank , Pereira Jorge Vitório , Touzet Frédéric 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe classify the irreducible components of the space of foliations on Fano 3‐folds with rank one Picard group. As a corollary we obtain a classification of holomorphic Poisson structures on the same class of 3‐folds.
A sequence variant in the phospholipase C epsilon C2 domain is associated with esophageal carcinoma and esophagitis
Authors: Wang Li‐Dong , Bi Xiuli , Song Xin , Pohl Nicole M. , Cheng Yulan , Zhou Yixing , Shears Stephen , Ansong Emmanuel , Xing Mengtao , Wang Shaomeng , Xu Xiao‐Chun , Huang Peng , Xu Liyan , Wang Liang , Fan Zongmin , Zhao Xueke , Dong Huali , Meltzer Stephen J. , Ding Ivan , Yang Wancai 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA single‐nucleotide polymorphism (rs2274223: A5780G:His1927Arg) in the phospholipase C epsilon gene (PLCϵ) was recently identified as a susceptibility locus for esophageal cancer in Chinese subjects. To determine the underlying mechanisms of PLCϵ and this SNP in esophageal carcinogenesis, we analyzed PLCϵ genotypes, expression, and their correlation in esophageal cancer cell lines, non‐transformed esophageal cells, 58 esophageal squamous cell carcinomas and 10,614 non‐cancer subjects from China. We found that the G allele (AG or GG) was associated with increased PLCϵ mRNA and protein expression in esophageal cancer tissues and in esophageal cancer cell lines. G allele was also associated with higher enzyme activity, which might be associated with increased protein expression. Quantitative analysis of the C2 domain sequences revealed that A:G allelic imbalance was strongly linked to esophageal malignancy. Moreover, the analysis of 10,614 non‐cancer subjects demonstrated that the G allele was strongly associated with moderate to severe esophagitis in the subjects from the high‐incidence areas of China (OR 6.03, 95% CI 1.59–22.9 in high‐incidence area vs. OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.33–1.64 in low‐incidence area; P = 0.008). In conclusion, the PLCϵ gene, particularly the 5780G allele, might play a pivotal role in esophageal carcinogenesis via upregulating PLCϵ mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity, and augmenting inflammatory process in esophageal epithelium. Thus, 5780G allele may constitute a promising biomarker for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma risk stratification, early detection, and progression prediction. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mild depressive symptoms are associated with gait impairment in early Parkinson's disease
Authors: Lord Sue , Galna Brook , Coleman Shirley , Burn David , Rochester Lynn 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThe association between nonmotor characteristics and gait in Parkinson's disease (PD) is well established, particularly the role of cognition. Evidence is emerging that depression, an underrecognized symptom in PD is also associated with gait impairment. This cross‐sectional study examined the association between depressive symptomatology and gait in early PD. Depression was measured with the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), disease severity with the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale III, and cognition with the Mini Mental Status Examination. Gait speed and gait variability were measured using a 7‐m walkway (GAITRite). Linear regression was used to examine the association between depression and gait for PD and controls, controlling for age, cognition, and severity. PD participants who presented with clinically relevant depressive symptoms (GDS ≥ 5) were compared with those who scored < 5. One hundred and twenty‐two people with newly diagnosed PD and 184 controls were assessed. Depression scores were significantly higher for PD patients than for controls (P < .001), although neither group presented with clinically relevant symptomatology (mean [SD] for PD, 2.7 [2.3]; for controls, 1.1 [1.8]). For gait speed there was a main effect for depression (P < .001) and a group × depression interaction that approached significance (P = .054). For gait variability there was a main effect for depression (P < .01). PD participants with GDS scores ≥ 5 had a slower and more variable gait. Very mild depressive symptoms are associated with gait disturbance in early PD. Depression may be a marker for degeneration in nondopaminergic systems in early PD and influence mechanisms of gait disturbance. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society
Levodopa‐induced dyskinesias in tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency
Authors: Pons Roser , Syrengelas Dimitris , Youroukos Sotiris , Orfanou Irene , Dinopoulos Arqirios , Cormand Bru , Ormazabal Aida , Garzía‐Cazorla Angels , Serrano Mercedes , Artuch Rafael 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to characterize levodopa (l‐dopa)–induced dyskinesias in patients with tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency. Clinical observation was carried out on 6 patients who were diagnosed with tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency and were treated with escalating doses of l‐dopa. All 6 patients showed l‐dopa‐induced dyskinesias of variable intensity early in the course of treatment and regardless of the age of initiation. l‐Dopa–induced dyskinesias were precipitated by increases in the dose of l‐dopa and also by febrile illnesses and stress. They caused dysfunction and distress in 2 patients. The dyskinesias were improved by decreasing the l‐dopa dose or by slowing its titration upward. Increasing the dose frequency was helpful in 2 patients, and introducing amantadine was helpful in another 2 patients. l‐Dopa–induced dyskinesias are a common phenomenon in tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency. The current observations show that l‐dopa–induced dyskinesias are frequent in a dopamine‐deficient state in the absence of nigrostriatal degeneration. Although l‐dopa–induced dyskinesias in tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency are phenomenologically similar to those that occur in Parkinson's disease, they are different in a number of other respects, suggesting intrinsic differences in the pathophysiologic basis of l‐dopa–induced dyskinesias in the 2 conditions. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society
Cationized ferritin as a magnetic resonance imaging probe to detect microstructural changes in a rat model of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Beeman Scott C. , Mandarino Lawrence J. , Georges Joseph F. , Bennett Kevin M. 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThe goal of this work was to detect disease‐related microstructural changes to the liver using magnetic resonance imaging. Chronic liver disease can cause microstructural changes in the liver that reduce plasma access to the perisinusoidal space—the site of exchange between the blood plasma and the hepatic parenchyma. The reduced plasma access to the perisinusoidal space inhibits hepatic function and contributes to the ∼30,000 chronic liver disease‐related deaths per year.MethodsThe extracellular matrix‐specific cationized ferritin magnetic resonance imaging probe was injected intravenously into healthy rats and a rat model of the chronic liver disease non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis. Rats were subsequently imaged with
‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsThis work demonstrates that the binding of cationized ferritin to the perisinusoidal extracellular matrix is reduced by 55% in a rat model of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis compared to healthy controls. This reduced binding is detectable in vivo with magnetic resonance imaging. Immunofluorescence and electron microscopy indicated that the reduced binding is due to inhibited macromolecular access to the perisinusoidal space caused by non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis‐related microstructural changes.ConclusionsThe reduced accumulation of intravenously injected cationized ferritin may report on changes in macromolecular access to the liver parenchyma in chronic liver disease. Magn Reson Med 70:1728–1738, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The cooperative international neuromuscular research group duchenne natural history study—a longitudinal investigation in the era of glucocorticoid therapy: Design of protocol and the methods used
Authors: McDonald Craig M. , Henricson Erik K. , Abresch R. Ted , Han Jay J. , Escolar Diana M. , Florence Julaine M. , Duong Tina , Arrieta Adrienne , Clemens Paula R. , Hoffman Eric P. , Cnaan Avital ,   the Cinrg Investigators
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTContemporary natural history data in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is needed to assess care recommendations and aid in planning future trials.MethodsThe Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (CINRG) DMD Natural History Study (DMD‐NHS) enrolled 340 individuals, aged 2–28 years, with DMD in a longitudinal, observational study at 20 centers. Assessments obtained every 3 months for 1 year, at 18 months, and annually thereafter included: clinical history; anthropometrics; goniometry; manual muscle testing; quantitative muscle strength; timed function tests; pulmonary function; and patient‐reported outcomes/health‐related quality‐of‐life instruments.ResultsGlucocorticoid (GC) use at baseline was 62% present, 14% past, and 24% GC‐naive. In those ≥6 years of age, 16% lost ambulation over the first 12 months (mean age 10.8 years).ConclusionsDetailed information on the study methodology of the CINRG DMD‐NHS lays the groundwork for future analyses of prospective longitudinal natural history data. These data will assist investigators in designing clinical trials of novel therapeutics. Muscle Nerve, 2013
Down‐regulation of miR‐200b‐3p by low p73 contributes to the androgen‐independence of prostate cancer cells
Authors: He Minyi , Liu Yun , Deng Xinjun , Qi Songtao , Sun Xuegang , Liu Gang , Liu Yongguang , Liu Yawei , Zhao Ming 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDAn increasing body of evidence indicates that microRNAs play critical roles in androgen‐independent prostate cancer (AIPC) growth. However, the regulation of the expression of microRNAs in AIPC is not very clear. In this study, we investigated the role that the interaction between miR‐200b‐3p and p73 plays in the proliferation of AIPC.METHODSWe compared several relevant microRNAs and cancer related genes between the androgen‐dependent prostate cancer (ADPC) cell line and the AIPC cell line using quantitative real‐time PCR (Q‐PCR) and Western blot. Then we examined the effect of p73 and miR‐200b‐3p on the proliferation of AIPC and ADPC using CCK‐8. Furthermore we investigated the regulation of miR‐200b‐3p by p73.RESULTSp73 and miR‐200b‐3p were both downregulated in the PC3 cell line (AIPC). Down‐regulation of both p73 and miR‐200b‐3p increased the proliferation of ADPC cells cultured with androgen‐free medium, while up‐regulation of p73 and miR‐200b‐3p decreased the proliferation of AIPC cells. When p73 was over‐expressed in the AIPC cell subline, miR‐200b‐3p expression increased accordingly, while p73 was inhibited in ADPC cells cultured with androgen‐free medium and miR‐200b‐3p expression decreased significantly.CONCLUSIONmiR‐200b‐3p is down‐regulated by low expression of p73 in AIPC cells, and this interaction contributes to the proliferation of AIPC. Prostate 73: 1048–1056, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chemical Solution Deposition of Epitaxial Metal‐Oxide Nanocomposite Thin Films
Authors: Fei Ling , Naeemi Maitham , Zou Guifu , Luo Hongmei 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT:Epitaixial metal‐oxide nanocomposite films, which possess interesting multifunctionality, have found applications in a wide range of devices. However, such films are typically produced by using high‐vacuum equipment, like pulse‐laser deposition, molecular‐beam epitaxy, and chemical vapor deposition. As an alternative approach, chemical solution methods are not only cost‐effective but also offer several advantages, including large surface coating, good control over stoichiometry, and the possible use of dopants. Therefore, in this Personal Account, we review the chemistry behind several of the main solution‐based approaches, that is, sol‐gel techniques, metal‐organic decomposition, chelation, polymer‐assisted deposition, and hydrothermal methods, including the seminal works that have been reported so far, to demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of these different routes.
NREL VI rotor blade: numerical investigation and winglet design and optimization using CFD
Authors: Elfarra Monier A. , Sezer‐Uzol Nilay , Akmandor I. Sinan 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThe main objectives of this study were to aerodynamically design and optimize a winglet for a wind turbine blade by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and to investigate its effect on the power production. For validation and as a baseline rotor, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory Phase VI wind turbine rotor blade is used. The Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes equations are solved, and k–ε Launder–Sharma turbulence model was used. The numerical results have shown a considerable agreement with the experimental data. The genetic algorithm was used as the optimization technique with the help of artificial neural network to reduce the computational cost. In the winglet design, the variable parameters are the cant and twist angles of the winglet and the objective function the torque. Multipoint optimization is carried out for three different operating wind speeds, and a total of 24 CFD cases are run in the design. The final optimized winglet showed around 9% increase in the power production. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mapping evaporation and estimation of surface control of evaporation using remotely sensed land surface temperature from a constellation of satellites
Authors: Bateni S. M. , Entekhabi D. , Castelli F. 
Published: February 2013

Key Points
LST is assimilated to heat diffusion equation to estimate evaporation.
Evaporation estimations are used to study the surface control on evaporation.
Dependence of EF‐soil moisture relationship on vegetation cover is examined.
Transient groundwater dynamics in a coastal aquifer: The effects of tides, the lunar cycle, and the beach profile
Authors: Abarca Elena , Karam Hanan , Hemond Harold F. , Harvey Charles F. 
Published: February 2013

Key Points

The intertidal saline cell is not a permanent feature of a coastal aquifer
The intertidal saline cell cycle is linked to the lunar cycle of tides
The cell cycle modulates the fresh and salt groundwater fluxes to the ocean
Links between soil properties and steady‐state solute transport through cultivated topsoil at the field scale
Authors: Koestel J. K. , Norgaard T. , Luong N. M. , Vendelboe A. L. , Moldrup P. , Jarvis N. J. , Lamandé M. , Iversen B. V. , Wollesen de Jonge L. 
Published: February 2013

Key Points
64 of 65 undisturbed soil columns exhibited preferential transport
The strength of preferential transport was correlated with the bulk density
The dominant transport process was inferred to be transport through macropores
Data assimilation and parameter estimation via ensemble Kalman filter coupled with stochastic moment equations of transient groundwater flow
Authors: Panzeri M. , Riva M. , Guadagnini A. , Neuman S. P. 
Published: February 2013

Key Points
Embedding stochastic moment equations of flow in ensemble Kalman filter
Avoiding need for Monte Carlo simulations in ensemble Kalman filter
Avoiding need for batch inversion of Moment Equations