bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silent Information Regulator 2 Homolog 1 Counters Cerebral Hypoperfusion Injury by Deacetylating Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase
Authors: Hattori Yorito , Okamoto Yoko , Maki Takakuni , Yamamoto Yumi , Oishi Naoya , Yamahara Kenichi , Nagatsuka Kazuyuki , Takahashi Ryosuke , Kalaria Raj N. , Fukuyama Hidenao , Kinoshita Makoto , Ihara Masafumi 
Published: September 2014

Background and Purpose—
Silent information regulator 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) is a protein deacetylase that has been reported to suppress neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases in model organisms. We hypothesized that neurovascular protection is one of the diverse actions of SIRT1. This study was designed to determine whether SIRT1 protects against the consequences of cerebral hypoperfusion in vivo.

Methods—

Sirt1
-overexpressing (Sirt1-Tg) mice driven by a prion promoter and their wild-type littermates were subjected to bilateral common carotid artery stenosis using external microcoils. Using Sirt1-Tg mice, we assessed the effect of SIRT1 on cerebral blood flow, cerebral angioarchitecture, histological and ultrastructural changes, and spatial working memory at several time points. We also evaluated the effects of preadministration of SIRT1 inhibitors or endothelial nitric oxide synthase inhibitors on cerebral blood flow after bilateral common carotid artery stenosis in Sirt1-Tg mice. Levels of acetylated and nonacetylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase were measured semiquantitatively with immunoblotting.

Results—
Cerebral hypoperfusion induced by bilateral common carotid artery stenosis caused memory impairment and histological changes in wild-type littermates. However, these phenotypes were rescued in Sirt1-Tg mice, where cerebral blood flow was maintained even poststenosis. Electron microscopic analyses showed irregularities in the vascular endothelia, such as tight junction openings in wild-type mice, which were absent in Sirt1-Tg littermates. Brain endothelial nitric oxide synthase was acetylated after cerebral hypoperfusion in wild-type littermates but remained unacetylated in Sirt1-Tg mice. Moreover, treatment with SIRT1 inhibitors and endothelial nitric oxide synthase inhibitors abolished the vasculoprotective effects of SIRT1.

Conclusions—
Our results indicate that neurovascular endothelial SIRT1 potentiation upregulates the nitric oxide system and counters cerebral hypoperfusion injury. This novel cerebral blood flow–preserving mechanism offers potential molecular targets for future therapeutic intervention.
Secular Trends in Ischemic Stroke Subtypes and Stroke Risk Factors
Authors: Bogiatzi Chrysi , Hackam Daniel G. , McLeod A. Ian , Spence J. David 
Published: September 2014

Background and Purpose—
Early diagnosis and treatment of a stroke improves patient outcomes, and knowledge of the cause of the initial event is crucial to identification of the appropriate therapy to maximally reduce risk of recurrence. Assumptions based on historical frequency of ischemic subtypes may need revision if stroke subtypes are changing as a result of recent changes in therapy, such as increased use of statins.

Methods—
We analyzed secular trends in stroke risk factors and ischemic stroke subtypes among patients with transient ischemic attack or minor or moderate stroke referred to an urgent transient ischemic attack clinic from 2002 to 2012.

Results—

There was a significant decline in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and blood pressure, associated with a significant decline in large artery stroke and small vessel stroke. The proportion of cardioembolic stroke increased from 26% in 2002 to 56% in 2012 (
P
<0.05 for trend). Trends remained significant after adjusting for population change.

Conclusions—
With more intensive medical management in the community, a significant decrease in atherosclerotic risk factors was observed, with a significant decline in stroke/transient ischemic attack caused by large artery atherosclerosis and small vessel disease. As a result, cardioembolic stroke/transient ischemic attack has increased significantly. Our findings suggest that more intensive investigation for cardiac sources of embolism and greater use of anticoagulation may be warranted.
Stereomastis artuzi sp. nov., a new species of Polychelidae (Decapoda, Polychelida) described from the Sea of Marmara, Turkey
Authors: Artüz M. L. , Artüz M. L. , Kubanç C. , Artüz M. L. , Kubanç C. , Kubanç S. N. 
Published: September 2014

Four specimens ofStereomastiswere caught by beam-trawl on 07 August 2011 at a depth of 1000 m in the western deep basin, around the submarine thermal vent site, along the North Anatolian Earthquake Fault, in the Sea of Marmara. These specimens appeared to belong to an as yet undescribed species. As a result,Stereomastis artuzisp. nov. is described in this study as a new species in the family Polychelidae (Decapoda, Polychelida; also alternatively classified under Decapoda, Palinura, Eryonoidea).
Quantum Molecular Resonance–Assisted Phonomicrosurgery: Preliminary Experience
Authors: Demirhan Erhan , Çukurova İbrahim , Arslan İlker Burak , Ozkan Elcin Tadihan , Mengi Erdem , Yigitbasi Orhan Gazi 
Published: September 2014

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of quantum molecular resonance (QMR) energy in phonomicrosurgery. Quantum molecular resonance energy (QMRE) is an innovative technology that provides low temperature cutting and coagulation of tissues and causes minimal tissue damage during the procedure. Because of these features, this technology may offer new possibilities in phonomicrosurgery. Twelve patients with vocal fold polyps underwent QMR‐assisted phonomicrosurgery. The patients were evaluated before and after surgery at 1 and 3 months postoperatively by using the voice handicap index, laryngeal stroboscopy rating, acoustic voice analysis, and perceptual voice evaluation. The subjects were also evaluated by a patient self‐assessment questionnaire at 3 months postoperatively. All parameters significantly improved after QMR‐assisted phonomicrosurgery (P <. 05). All of the patients also subjectively improved by self‐rating. These results suggest that QMRE is a safe and potentially promising treatment in phonomicrosurgery. Yet, further studies should be conducted to confirm these results.
Variability of Acetabular Coverage Between Supine and Weightbearing Pelvic Radiographs
Authors: Pullen W. Michael , Henebry Andrew , Gaskill Trevor 
Published: September 2014

Background: Radiographic measures of acetabular coverage are essential screening tools used to characterize bony structure contributing to femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). Small changes in pelvic tilt result in altered radiographic measures of acetabular coverage. Positional changes in pelvic tilt are known to occur between the supine and weightbearing positions. It is unclear whether alteration of pelvic tilt between these positions is clinically sufficient to influence measures of acetabular coverage. Purpose/Hypothesis: To determine whether, and to what degree, imaging position (supine vs weightbearing) is capable of altering several measures of acetabular orientation: pubic symphysis to sacrococcygeal distance (PSSC), angle of Sharp (SA), Tönnis angle (TA), percentage of acetabular crossover (CO), and lateral center-edge angle of Wiberg (LCEA). The hypothesis was that imaging position would significantly alter all measures of acetabular orientation. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A total of 50 consecutive symptomatic hips referred to a single provider for FAI were evaluated with standardized supine and weightbearing anteroposterior pelvic radiographs. Two independent reviewers blinded to patient positioning reviewed each radiograph at 2 separate time points. Mean measurements in each position were compared by use of paired Student t tests, and a Bonferroni-adjusted significance level of P = .01 was used to represent significance. Results: Statistically significant differences between the supine and weightbearing radiographs were identified for PSSC and all measures of acetabular coverage ( P < .003). The mean PSSC decreased between the supine and weightbearing positions by an average of 13.4 mm ( P < .001), thereby resulting in decreased mean LCEA, TA, SA, and CO of 1.2°, 1.3°, 0.8°, and 6.3%, respectively ( P < .002). The change in positional pelvic tilt was not uniformly predictable and accounted for large measurement changes in some individuals. PSSC also demonstrated considerable inter- and intrasubject variability but averaged 55.8 mm supine and 44.9 mm weightbearing for females and 37.0 mm supine and 20.6 mm weightbearing for males. Conclusion: In this study of nonarthritic adult patients with hip pain, the data indicate that positional changes are capable of significantly altering pelvic tilt and radiographic measures of acetabular coverage. It appears that the weightbearing position typically, but not universally, correlates with additional posterior pelvic tilt and decreased measures of acetabular coverage. Individual positional variability can contribute to large-magnitude changes in radiographic acetabular measures.
Circadian rhythms affect the electroretinogram, compound eye color, striking behavior, and locomotion of the praying mantis,Hierodula patellifera(Serville)
Authors: Schirmer Aaron E. , Prete Frederick R. , Mantes Edgar S. , Urdiales Andrew F. , Bogue Wil 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMany behaviors and physiological processes oscillate with daily, or circadian rhythms that are synchronized to environmental cues (e.g., light onset), but persist with periods of approximately 24 hours in the absence of such cues. We used a multilevel experimental approach to assess whether circadian rhythms modulate several aspects of the visual physiology and behavior of the praying mantis, Hierodula patellifera. The approach included electroretinograms (ERG) to assess compound eye sensitivity, colorimetric photographic analyses to assess compound eye color changes (i.e., screening pigment migration), behavioral assays of responsiveness to computer generated, prey-like visual stimuli, and analyses of locomotor activity patterns on a modified treadmill apparatus. Our results indicate that circadian clocks control and/or modulate each of the target behaviors. Strong rhythms, persisting under constant conditions, with periods of approximately 24 hours were evident in photoreceptor sensitivity to light, appetitive responsiveness to prey-like stimuli, and gross locomotor activity. In the former two cases, responsiveness was highest during the subjective night and lowest during the subjective day. Locomotor activity was strongly clustered around the transition time from day to night. In addition, pigment migration and locomotor behavior responded strongly to light/dark cycles and anticipated the light/dark transition suggesting that the circadian clocks modulating both were entrained to environmental light cues. Together, these data indicate that circadian rhythms operate at the cellular, cellular systems, and organismal level in the mantis H. patellifera. Our results represent an intriguing first step in uncovering the complexities of circadian rhythms in the Mantodea.
The intensity threshold of colour vision in a passerine bird, the blue tit
Authors: Gomez Doris , Grégoire Arnaud , Del Rey Granado Maria , Bassoul Marine , Degueldre David , Perret Philippe , Doutrelant Claire 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Many vertebrates use colour vision for vital behaviours. Yet, their visual performance in dim light is largely unknown. The light intensity threshold of colour vision is only known in humans, horses and two parrot species. Here, we first explore this threshold in a passerine bird, the blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus). Using a classic conditioning of colour cues to food rewards in three individuals, we find a threshold ranging from 0.05 to 0.2 cd.m-2. Results are comparable to the two previously tested bird species. For tits, nest light conditions likely exceed that threshold, at least after sunrise. These first results shed new light on the lively debate questioning cavity-nesters visual performance, and the evolutionary significance of egg and chick coloration. Although this needs proper testing, it is possible that blue tits exploit both colour and brightness cues when viewing their eggs, chicks or conspecifics in their nests.
Finite-state discrete-time Markov chain models of gene regulatory networks
Authors: Skornyakov Vladimir , Skornyakova Maria , Shurygina Antonina , Skornyakov Pavel 
Published: September 2014

In this study, Markov chain models of gene regulatory networks (GRN) are developed. These models make it possible to apply the well-known theory and tools of Markov chains to GRN analysis. A new kind of finite interaction graph called a combinatorial net is introduced to represent formally a GRN and its transition graphs constructed from interaction graphs. The system dynamics are defined as a random walk on the transition graph, which is a Markov chain. A novel concurrent updating scheme (evolution rule) is developed to determine transitions in a transition graph. The proposed scheme is based on the firing of a random set of non-steady-state vertices in a combinatorial net. It is demonstrated that this novel scheme represents an advance in asynchronicity modeling. The theorem that combinatorial nets with this updating scheme can asynchronously compute a maximal independent set of graphs is also proved. As proof of concept, a number of simple combinatorial models are presented here: a discrete auto-regression model, a bistableswitch, an Elowitz repressilator, and a self-activation model, and it is shown that these models exhibit well-known properties.
An insight into advances in the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3
Authors: Wu Yan , Peng Ying , Wang Yidong 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSpinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is the most common type of spinocerebellar ataxia, which are inherited neurodegenerative diseases. CAG repeat expansions that translate into an abnormal length of glutamine residues are considered to be the disease-causing mutation. The pathological mechanisms of SCA3 are not fully elucidated but may include aggregate or inclusion formation, imbalance of cellular protein homeostasis, axonal transportation dysfunction, translation dysregulation, mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress, abnormal neural signaling pathways, etc. Currently, symptom relief is the only available therapeutic route; however, promising therapeutic targets have been discovered, such as decreasing the mutant protein through RNA interference (RNAi) and antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) and replacement therapy using stem cell transplantation. Other potential targets can inhibit the previously mentioned pathological mechanisms. However, additional efforts are necessary before these strategies can be used clinically.
Buckling and vibration analyses of composite laminates with weak interfaces by a coupled meshfree and finite element method
Authors: Chen Jie , Wang Hai , Wang Jie 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Buckling and free vibration analyses for composite laminates with weak interfaces were performed based on a three-dimensional hybrid semianalytical model. The model was established by coupling the radial point interpolation method and finite element method (FEM) in a Hamilton system. A direct coupling approach was developed based on the FEM background cell algorithm, and a modified Hamiltonian function for buckling analysis of rectangular laminated plates was given. The governing equations were deduced with the transfer matrix technique and a general linear spring layer model based on the modified Hellinger-Reissner variational principle. Several numerical examples are also presented to validate the efficiency and accuracy of the present method.
The creation of modulated monoclinic aperiodic composites in n-alkane/urea compounds
Authors: Mariette Céline , Guérin Laurent , Rabiller Philippe , Chen Yu-Sheng , Bosak Alexei , Popov Alexander , Hollingsworth Mark D. , Toudic Bertrand 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

n-Dodecane/urea is a member of the prototype series of n-alkane/urea inclusion compounds. At room temperature, it presents a quasi-one dimensional liquid-like state for the confined guest molecules within the rigid, hexagonal framework of the urea host. At lower temperatures, we report the existence of two other phases. Below Tc=248 K there appears a phase with rank four superspace group P61 22(00γ), the one typically observed at room temperature in n-alkane/urea compounds with longer guest molecules. A misfit parameter, defined by the ratio γ=
c
h/c
g (c
host/c
guest), is found to be 0.632±0.005. Below Tc1=123 K, a monoclinic modulated phase is created with a constant shift along
c
of the guest molecules in adjacent channels. The maximal monoclinic space group for this structure is P121 1(α0γ). Analogies and differences with n-heptane/urea, which also presents a monoclinic, modulated low-temperature phase, are discussed.
Genetic Analysis of the Ribosome Biogenesis Factor Ltv1 ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Merwin Jason R , Bogar Lucien B , Poggi Sarah B , Fitch Rebecca M , Johnson Arlen W , Lycan Deborah E 
Published: September 2014

AbstractRibosome biogenesis has been studied extensively in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast Ltv1 is a conserved 40S-associated biogenesis factor that has been proposed to function in small subunit nuclear export. Here we show that Ltv1 has a canonical leucine-rich nuclear export signal (NES) at its extreme C terminus that is both necessary for Crm1 interaction and Ltv1 export. The C terminus of Ltv1 can substitute for the NES in the 60S-export adapter Nmd3, demonstrating that it is a functional NES. Overexpression of an Ltv1 lacking its NES (Ltv1∆C13) was strongly dominant negative and resulted in the nuclear accumulation of RpS3-GFP; however, export of the pre-40S was not affected. In addition, expression of endogenous levels of Ltv1∆C protein complemented both the slow-growth phenotype and the 40S biogenesis defect of an ltv1 deletion mutant. Thus, if Ltv1 is a nuclear export adapter for the pre-40S subunit, its function must be fully redundant with additional export factors. The dominant negative phenotype of Ltv1∆NES overexpression was suppressed by co-overexpressing RpS3 and its chaperone, Yar1, or by deletion of the RpS3-binding site in Ltv1∆NES, suggesting that titration of RpS3 by Ltv1∆NES is deleterious in yeast. The dominant-negative phenotype did not correlate with a decrease in 40S levels but rather with a reduction in the polysome-to-monosome ratio, indicating reduced rates of translation. We suggest that titration of RpS3 by excess nuclear Ltv1 interferes with 40S function or with a nonribosomal function of RpS3.
Genome Resilience and Prevalence of Segmental Duplications Following Fast Neutron Irradiation of Soybean
Authors: Bolon Yung-Tsi , Stec Adrian O , Michno Jean-Michel , Roessler Jeffrey , Bhaskar Pudota B , Ries Landon , Dobbels Austin A , Campbell Benjamin W , Young Nathan P , Anderson Justin E , Grant David M , Orf James H , Naeve Seth L , Muehlbauer Gary J , Vance Carroll P , Stupar Robert M 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Fast neutron radiation has been used as a mutagen to develop extensive mutant collections. However, the genome-wide structural consequences of fast neutron radiation are not well understood. Here, we examine the genome-wide structural variants observed among 264 soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] plants sampled from a large fast neutron-mutagenized population. While deletion rates were similar to previous reports, surprisingly high rates of segmental duplication were also found throughout the genome. Duplication coverage extended across entire chromosomes and often prevailed at chromosome ends. High-throughput resequencing analysis of selected mutants resolved specific chromosomal events, including the rearrangement junctions for a large deletion, a tandem duplication, and a translocation. Genetic mapping associated a large deletion on chromosome 10 with a quantitative change in seed composition for one mutant. A tandem duplication event, located on chromosome 17 in a second mutant, was found to cosegregate with a short petiole mutant phenotype, and thus may serve as an example of a morphological change attributable to a DNA copy number gain. Overall, this study provides insight into the resilience of the soybean genome, the patterns of structural variation resulting from fast neutron mutagenesis, and the utility of fast neutron-irradiated mutants as a source of novel genetic losses and gains.
The Dislocating Hip Replacement – Revision with a Dual Mobility Cup in 56 Consecutive Patients
Authors: Jakobsen Thomas , Kappel Andreas , Hansen Flemming , Krarup Niels 
Published: September 2014

Introduction: Recurrent dislocations of hip replacements are a difficult challenge. One treatment option for recurrent dislocations is the use of a dual mobility cup. The aim of this study was to retrospective investigate the effect of dual mobility cups as a treatment for recurrent dislocations in a consecutive series.
Materials and

Methods:
56 consecutive patients were revised in the period November 2000 to December 2010. The mean age at revision was 72 years (SD 11, range 37-92)) and median number of dislocations before revision surgery were 4 (IQR, 2-11). In all cases, revision was made with a Saturne dual mobility cup (Amplitude, Neyron, France). The mean follow-up period was 44 months (SD 30, range 0.1-119).

Results:
One patient (1.8%) experienced a re-dislocation. Three patients (5.3%) had to be revised. One due to disintegration between the femoral head and inner shell, one due to loosening of the acetabular component, and one due to infection. Harris Hip Score improved from a mean of 76 before index surgery to 87 within one year after index surgery.

Conclusion:
This study advocates the use of a dual mobility cup for treatment of recurrent dislocations of THR. However, studies with a longer follow up are needed in order to evaluate implant survival.
Simultaneous quantification of four benzodiazepines from whole blood by highperformance liquid chromatography in forensic toxicological analysis
Authors: Miresan Horatiu , Rosca Cosmin , Matei Nicoleta , Roncea Florentina , Cazacincu Radu , Iancu Irina , Stefanescu Emil , Enache Daniel , Bratu Mihaela , Popescu Antoanela 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
A rapid high performance liquid chromatography method, using a monolithic column, was developed for quantitative determinations of benzodiazepines (diazepam, clonazepam, lorazepam, midazolam) in whole blood. A liquid-liquid extraction step with n-chlorobutane isolates the drugs from alkalinized blood. The separation was carried out in reversed phase conditions using a Chromolith Performance (RP-18 100x4.6 mm) column. For the mobile phase, a mixture of a phosphate buffer (pH= 2.5)/acetonitrile (65/35 v/v), in isocratic mode at 2 mL/min. An ultraviolet spectrophotometer was used as the detector at the wavelength of 220 nm. The total run time of the analytical method is less than 4-6 minutes. The calibration curves showed linearity and the correlation coefficient of each individual curve was greater than 0.995. The method was linear over a concentration range of 0.03-0.6 μg/mL for clonazepam, lorazepam and midazolam. For diazepam of linearity was over the range 0.04-5.0μg/mL. Quantification limits ranged from 0.03-0.04μg/mL and the accuracy were from 80% to 105% for the recovery test.
The results indicate that this analytical method is simple, specific, accuracy, sensitive, demonstrating from the validation data and a higher robustness. The proposed method is applied routinely in forensic toxicological analysis involving blood.