bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel multipulses technology for pulse laser radar
Authors: Chen Xiangcheng , Wang Keyi , Mei Tao , Wang Shaoping 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTA novel unequal spacing multipulses technology for pulse Laser Radar was proposed in this article. Data accumulation technology is an efficient method to improve signal‐to‐noise ratio due to different statistical characteristics between the echo signal and the noise. Traditional multipulses technology using equal spaces multipulses always leads to outputs once the time window has pulses no matter the number of pulses. We proposed a method using unequal spaces multipulses technology to improve the poor performance of the equal space multipulses technology, that is, if and only if the time window had special number pulses, the novel system would have output signal. We discussed the method to generate unequal spacing multipulses serials first, and then the algorithm to deal with the echo signals was also illustrated. Both simulation and experimental results showed the validity of our algorithm. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1614–1620, 2015
A −187.7‐FoM V‐band low‐power CMOS VCO using modified fT‐doubler with current‐reused technique
Authors: Chen Jian‐Ying , Chou Hung‐Ting , Chiou Hwann‐Kaeo 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTA modified fT‐doubler with current‐reused technique is proposed to realize a low power and low phase noise V‐band voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) in a standard 1P9M 90‐nm CMOS. The proposed technique not only increases the operation frequency but also reduces the DC power consumption at millimeter‐wave frequencies. The short circuit unity gain frequency fT of the modified fT‐doubler yields a 31% improvement compared to that of conventional one. Measurement result shows that the designed VCO achieves a phase noise of −115.4 dBc/Hz at 10‐MHz offset under a low power consumption of 2 mW. The figure‐of‐merit is up to −187.7 dBc/Hz. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1752–1755, 2015
A matched RF charger for wireless RF power harvesting system
Authors: Lee Ji‐Hoon , Jung Won‐Jae , Jung Jin‐Woo , Jang Jong‐Eun , Park Jun‐Seok 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTIn this article, special type of RF Charger is proposed for Wireless RF power harvesting system. RF charger is consisted of impedance matching circuit, full bridge CMOS rectifier, active diode, hysteresis switch, and DC–DC booster. The proposed RF charger is to obtain maximum available RF power through adjusting impedance matching circuitries. The proposed RF charger is matched to Korean WCDMA frequency band from 1960 to 1980 MHz. The minimum input RF power for charging 5 V battery is −10 dBm. The RF to DC conversion efficiency of the RF charger is 81% at 30 mA load current with 5 V battery, and the maximum output voltage is 5.5 V. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1622–1625, 2015
Design of super wideband hexagonal‐shaped fractal antenna with triangular slot
Authors: Shahu Babu Lal , Pal Srikanta , Chattoraj Neela 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTA hexagonal‐shaped fractal antenna with triangular slot for super wideband (SWB) application is presented. The proposed antenna has total size of 20 × 33.4 × 1.57 mm3.The proposed antenna is designed of iterations of triangular slot on a hexagonal metallic patch with tapered microstrip line feed. A combination of semicircular and rectangular shaped partial ground plane is used to achieve a super wide bandwidth from 3 to 35 GHz with bandwidth ratio of 11.6:1. The antenna design, simulation and optimization are performed using IE3D Full Wave Electromagnetic Simulator. The proposed antenna is compact and has stable radiation pattern. The simulation and measured results are compared to demonstrate the performance of proposed antenna. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1659–1662, 2015
The microstructural correlates of T1 in white matter
Authors: Harkins Kevin D. , Xu Junzhong , Dula Adrienne N. , Li Ke , Valentine William M. , Gochberg Daniel F. , Gore John C. , Does Mark D. 
Published: April 2015

PurposeSeveral studies have shown strong correlations between myelin content and T1 within the brain, and have even suggested that T1 can be used to estimate myelin content. However, other micro‐anatomical features such as compartment size are known to affect longitudinal relaxation rates, similar to compartment size effects in porous media.MethodsT1 measurements were compared with measured or otherwise published axon size measurements in white matter tracts of the rat spinal cord, rat brain, and human brain.ResultsIn both ex vivo and in vivo studies, correlations were present between the relaxation rate 1/T1 and axon size across regions of rat spinal cord with nearly equal myelin content.ConclusionWhile myelination is likely the dominant determinant of T1 in white matter, variations in white matter microstructure, independent of myelin volume fraction, may also be reflected in T1 differences between regions or subjects. Magn Reson Med 75:1341–1345, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hyperactive mTORC1 signaling is unaffected by metformin treatment in aged skeletal muscle
Authors: Dungan Cory M. , Li Zhuyun , Wright David C. , Williamson David L. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Appropriate activation of growth signaling pathways, specifically mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), is central to muscle mass and metabolism. The goal of these studies was to examine the effects of metformin on mTORC1 signaling in aged skeletal muscle in an attempt to normalize growth signaling. Methods: Aged (23m) and young (3m) male mice were fed a low fat diet without or with 0.5% metformin for up to 8 weeks, then mTORC1‐related signaling was examined in the plantar flexor complex. Results: Metformin had no significant effect on lowering body weight or muscle mass in aged animals, nor altered p70 S6 Kinase 1 (S6K1) and 4E‐binding protein 1 (4E‐BP1) phosphorylation. However, it significantly (P < 0.05) reduced body weight and lowered S6K1 and rpS6 phosphorylation in the young. Conclusions: Collectively, these data suggest metformin is ineffective at normalizing growth signaling in aged skeletal muscle. Muscle Nerve 53: 107–117, 2016
Standardized pelvic floor exercises improve stress urinary incontinence in women with intrinsic sphincter deficiency
Authors: Lehmann Corinne , Zipponi Ingrid , Baumann Marc U. , Radlinger Lorenz , Mueller Michael D. , Kuhn Annette 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjectivesPelvic floor rehabilitation is the conservative therapy of choice for women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI). The success rate of surgical procedures in SUI patients with intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD) is low. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of a standardized physiotherapy on patients with SUI and normotonic urethra and ISD.MethodsIn this study, 64 patients with ISD and 69 patients with normotonic urethra were enrolled. Maximum urethral pressure (MUCP) >20 cm H2O was considered as normotonic urethral pressure. Before and after physiotherapy MUCP was measured and cough testing was performed. Additionally, patient reported outcome was assessed using the King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ). For statistical analyses Excel 2010 (Microsoft Inc; Redmond, Washington) and SPSS 20 (SPSS Inc; Chicago, Illinois) for Windows were used. Power calculation was based on the primary endpoint incontinence impact and general health. For power calculation, GraphPad Statmate version 2.00 for Windows was used.ResultsSixty‐four patients with ISD and 69 patients with normotonic urethra were included in the study. In SUI patients with normotonic and hypotonic urethra KHQ‐scores regarding the primary endpoins “general health” and “incontinence impact” significantly improved following standardized physiotherapy. In both groups MUCP increased after physiotherapy. In SUI patients with ISD standardized physiotherapy resulted in a decreased incidence of a positive cough test.ConclusionsStandardized physiotherapy should be offered to patients with SUI and ISD. Long‐term results are subject to future studies. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:711–716, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Inter‐laboratory comparison of UV‐light sources for testing of PV‐modules
Authors: Koehl Michael , Philipp Daniel 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDurability assessment of materials exposed to natural weathering requires accelerated testing for verification of the ultraviolet (UV) stability, especially for polymeric material. The type approval testing of photovoltaic (PV) modules according to the standards International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61215 and IEC 61646 includes a so‐called UV‐preconditioning test with a total UV dose of 15 kWh/m2 corresponding to natural weathering of about 3 months only. A serious UV test representing the service life needs to apply a much stronger UV‐intensity in a comparable way. Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems performed an inter‐laboratory comparison of UV‐light sources in 13 accredited test labs and test centres of major PV module manufacturers. The most important topic was the spectral radiometric measurement of the used UV sources. Another main issue was the comparison with the integral measurements by the sensors used for control of the tests. Errors up to 120% were found. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of carbon‐13 and deuterium on relative quantification of proteins using stable isotope diethyl labeling
Authors: Koehler Christian J. , Arntzen Magnus Ø. , Thiede Bernd 
Published: April 2015

RationaleStable isotopic labeling techniques are useful for quantitative proteomics. A cost‐effective and convenient method for diethylation by reductive amination was established. The impact using either carbon‐13 or deuterium on quantification accuracy and precision was investigated using diethylation.MethodsWe established an effective approach for stable isotope labeling by diethylation of amino groups of peptides. The approach was validated using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) and nanospray liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization (nanoLC/ESI)‐ion trap/orbitrap for mass spectrometric analysis as well as MaxQuant for quantitative data analysis.ResultsReaction conditions with low reagent costs, high yields and minor side reactions were established for diethylation. Furthermore, we showed that diethylation can be applied to up to sixplex labeling. For duplex experiments, we compared diethylation in the analysis of the proteome of HeLa cells using acetaldehyde‐13C2/12C2 and acetaldehyde‐2H4/1H4. Equal numbers of proteins could be identified and quantified; however, 13C4/12C4‐diethylation revealed a lower variance of quantitative peptide ratios within proteins resulting in a higher precision of quantified proteins and less falsely regulated proteins. The results were compared with dimethylation showing minor effects because of the lower number of deuteriums.ConclusionsThe described approach for diethylation of primary amines is a cost‐effective and accurate method for up to sixplex relative quantification of proteomes. 13C4/12C4‐diethylation enables duplex quantification based on chemical labeling without using deuterium which reduces identification of false‐negatives and increases the quality of the quantification results. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Occupying Ukraine: Great Expectations, Failed Opportunities, and the Spoils of War, 1941–1943
Authors: Priemel Kim Christian 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe attack against the Soviet Union was ideologically motivated, but the timing owed a great deal to military and economic considerations. German hopes largely focused on Ukraine, which was expected to be both a giant breadbasket and a reservoir of essential minerals. But plans for the economic exploitation of Ukraine were flawed from the beginning and remained inconsistent throughout the war. Substantial reconstruction efforts only began belatedly and were accompanied by brute force that combined economic logic with ideological zeal. The Nazi policies of racist repression and mass murder were, then, both a means ofandan obstacle to exploitation of the East. Yet, they were also successful: without the raw materials obtained from Ukraine, the Nazi war machine would have likely ground to a halt well before 1945. The cost of sustaining the German war effort was consequently borne, to a large extent, by the local population, which labored under appalling conditions both in the Reich and in Ukraine itself.
The first 25 years of the hydrology of the Onyx River, Wright Valley, Dry Valleys, Antarctica
Authors: Chinn Trevor , Mason Peter 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper summarises the first 25 years of data on hydrological work carried out each summer on the Onyx River, Wright Valley, by summer teams of field hydrologists of the New Zealand Antarctic Research Programme. The assignment expanded from the single water-level recording weir site near Lake Vanda to a second site near the Wright Lower Glacier together with a number of tributary stream measurements that were installed as the programme progressed. This work was carried out together with Dry Valleys lake level and glacial measurements and is as of much historical as of scientific interest as it contains much inaugural Antarctic hydrology work.
Safety of brilliant cresyl blue staining protocols on human granulosa and cumulus cells
Authors: Alcoba Diego Duarte , Conzatti Maiara , Ferreira Gustavo Dias , Pimentel Anita Mylius , Kussler Ana Paula , Capp Edison , von Eye Corleta Helena , Brum Ilma Simoni 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThe selection of human immature oocytes destined for in vitro maturation (IVM) is performed according to their cumulus–oocyte complex (COC) morphology. In animal models, oocyte pre-selection with brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) staining improves fertilization and blastocyst rates and even increases the number of calves born. As the granulosa cells and cumulus cells (GCs and CCs) have a close relationship with the oocyte and are available in in vitro fertilization (IVF) programs, applying BCB staining to these cells may help to elucidate whether BCB shows toxicity to human oocytes and to determine the safest protocol for this dye. GCs and CCs were isolated from 24 patients who underwent controlled ovarian stimulation. After 48 h, cells were exposed to: Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) with or without phenol red, DPBS and mDPBS for 60 min; 13, 20 and 26 μM BCB for 60 min; and 60, 90 or 120 min to 13 μM BCB. Cellular viability was tested using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and trypan blue assays. The 20 and 26 μM BCB exposures resulted in lower cell viability, similar to when cells were exposed to BCB for 90 or 120 min. GCs and CCs viabilities were equal among control group and 13 μM BCB group after 60 min. BCB staining was not toxic to GCs and CCs when the regime of 13 μM BCB for 60 min was used. Due to the close molecular/biochemical relationship between these cells and the gamete, we propose that it is unlikely that the use of BCB could interfere with the viability/health of human oocytes.
The NOXA–MCL1–BIM axis defines lifespan on extended mitotic arrest
Authors: Haschka Manuel D. , Soratroi Claudia , Kirschnek Susanne , Häcker Georg , Hilbe Richard , Geley Stephan , Villunger Andreas , Fava Luca L. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractCell death on extended mitotic arrest is considered arguably most critical for the efficacy of microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) in anticancer therapy. While the molecular machinery controlling mitotic arrest on MTA treatment, the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), appears well defined, the molecular components executing cell death, as well as factors connecting both networks remain poorly understood. Here we conduct a mini screen exploring systematically the contribution of individual BCL2 family proteins at single cell resolution to death on extended mitotic arrest, and demonstrate that the mitotic phosphorylation of BCL2 and BCLX represent a priming event for apoptosis that is ultimately triggered by NOXA-dependent MCL1 degradation, enabling BIM-dependent cell death. Our findings provide a comprehensive model for the initiation of apoptosis in cells stalled in mitosis and provide a molecular basis for the increased efficacy of combinatorial treatment of cancer cells using MTAs and BH3 mimetics.
Posterior-Only Circumferential Decompression and Reconstruction in the Surgical Management of Lumbar Vertebral Osteomyelitis
Authors: Skovrlj Branko , Guzman Javier Z. , Caridi John , Cho Samuel K. 
Published: April 2015

Study Design Case report. Objective The purpose of this report is to discuss the surgical management of lumbar vertebral osteomyelitis with a spinal epidural abscess (SEA) and present a single-stage, posterior-only circumferential decompression and reconstruction with instrumentation using an expandable titanium cage and without segmental nerve root sacrifice as an option in the treatment of this disease process. Methods We report a 42-year-old man who presented with 3 days of low back pain and chills who rapidly decompensated with severe sepsis following admission. Magnetic resonance imaging of his lumbosacral spine revealed intramuscular abscesses of the left paraspinal musculature and iliopsoas with SEA and L4 vertebral body involvement. The patient failed maximal medical treatment, which necessitated surgical treatment as a last resort for infectious source control. He underwent a previously undescribed procedure in the setting of SEA: a single-stage, posterior-only approach for circumferential decompression and reconstruction of the L4 vertebral body with posterior segmental instrumented fixation. Results After the surgery, the patient's condition gradually improved; however, he suffered a wound dehiscence necessitating a surgical exploration and deep wound debridement. Six months after the surgery, the patient underwent a revision surgery for adjacent-level pseudarthrosis. At 1-year follow-up, the patient was pain-free and off narcotic pain medication and had returned to full activity. Conclusion This patient is the first reported case of lumbar osteomyelitis with SEA treated surgically with a single-stage, posterior-only circumferential decompression and reconstruction with posterior instrumentation. Although this approach is more technically challenging, it presents another viable option for the treatment of lumbar vertebral osteomyelitis that may reduce the morbidity associated with an anterior approach.
Salidroside protects retinal endothelial cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced injury via modulating oxidative status and apoptosis
Authors: Shi Kai , Wang Xulei , Zhu Jie , Cao Guiqun , Zhang Kang , Su Zhiguang 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Oxidative stress can cause injury in retinal endothelial cells. Salidroside is a strong antioxidative and cytoprotective supplement in Chinese traditional medicine. In this study, we investigated the effects of salidroside on H2O2-induced primary retinal endothelial cells injury. Salidroside decreased H2O2-induced cell death, and efficiently suppressed cellular ROS production, malondialdehyde generation, and cell apoptosis induced by H2O2 treatment. Salidroside induced the intracellular mRNA expression, protein expression, and enzymatic activities of catalase and Mn-SOD and increased the ratio of Bcl2/Bax. Our results demonstrated that salidroside protected retinal endothelial cells against oxidative injury through increasing the Bcl2/Bax signaling pathway and activation of endogenous antioxidant enzymes. This finding presents salidroside as an attractive agent with potential to attenuate retinopathic diseases.
Low-level HIV-1 viraemia in patients on HAART: risk factors and management in clinical practice
Authors: Wirden Marc , Todesco Eve , Valantin Marc-Antoine , Lambert-Niclot Sidonie , Simon Anne , Calin Ruxandra , Tubiana Roland , Peytavin Gilles , Katlama Christine , Calvez Vincent , Marcelin Anne-Genevieve 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjectivesCharacterization of the conditions favouring HIV-1 low-level viraemia (LLV) during treatment is required to guide strategies for prevention and cure.MethodsThe characteristics and treatments of 171 patients experiencing a confirmed LLV of 50–1000 copies/mL (PLLVs) were compared with those of 146 patients with persistently controlled viraemia. We analysed the risk factors for LLV, the parameters affecting the level of viraemia and the presence of resistance-associated mutations (RAMs). We compared outcomes for PLLVs on fully effective HAART as a function of treatment modifications.ResultsLLV was &lt;500 copies/mL in at least 90% of cases. A higher zenith viral load (VL) (5.27 versus 4.91 log10 copies/mL, OR 2.23; P = 0.0003), a shorter time on continuous HAART (4.3 versus 6.8 years, OR 0.88; P = 0.0003) and previously detected RAMs (43% versus 23%, OR 2.42; P = 0.0033) were independent predictors of LLV. NNRTIs were less frequently used in PLLVs and were associated with more stable treatment. The presence of any RAM during LLV was associated with a lower zenith VL and a higher LLV. In the absence of resistance, virological success was achieved in similar proportions of patients with and without treatment modification.ConclusionsViraemia &gt;500 copies/mL should no longer be considered to be LLV. In patients with a high zenith VL, several years on continuous HAART may be required to decrease the HIV reservoir and prevent LLV. Resistance testing is useful to detect RAMs, leading if necessary to treatment modifications. In the absence of resistance, treatment changes seemed dispensable.
Enhanced efficacy of putative efflux pump inhibitor/antibiotic combination treatments versus MDR strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Galleria mellonella in vivo infection model
Authors: Adamson Dougal H. , Krikstopaityte Vasare , Coote Peter J. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Objectives
The objectives of this study were to compare the antibiotic susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains with increased efflux pump expression in vitro and in vivo and to use these same strains to evaluate the efficacy of combinations of antibiotics with putative efflux pump inhibitors in vivo.

Methods
A collection of P. aeruginosa strains that overexpress three efflux pumps (MexAB-OprM, MexCD-OprJ and MexEF-OprN), in addition to a strain with all three Mex pumps deleted, were used. The virulence of these strains and their antibiotic susceptibility was measured in vivo using a Galleria mellonella larval infection model. The inhibitory effect of combinations of putative efflux pump inhibitors (trimethoprim and sertraline) with antibiotics on the strain overexpressing MexAB-OprM was also measured in vitro and compared with their efficacy in vivo in terms of larval survival and bacterial burden.

Results
Increased expression of the individual efflux pumps, or deletion of all three, had no significant effect on the virulence of P. aeruginosa in vivo. Expression levels of the efflux pumps clearly influenced antibiotic efficacy in vivo. The efficacy of levofloxacin, piperacillin and meropenem against larvae infected with the efflux pump mutants reflected susceptibility to the same drugs in vitro. Treatment of G. mellonella larvae infected with a strain that overexpressed MexAB-OprM with a combination of putative efflux pump inhibitors and levofloxacin resulted in enhanced therapeutic benefit compared with the constituent monotherapies.

Conclusions
This study has demonstrated the utility of using G. mellonella to screen for novel therapeutic options for MDR P. aeruginosa and has shown that antibiotic/efflux pump inhibitor combinations should be further investigated for clinical application.