bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Flapless Surgery on Single‐Tooth Implants in the Esthetic Zone: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Bashutski Jill D. , Wang Hom‐Lay , Rudek Ivan , Moreno Ildefonso , Koticha Tapan , Oh Tae‐Ju 
Published: January 2013

Background: Implant therapy is a highly predictable treatment option; however, insufficient data exist to show whether flapless implant surgery provides better esthetic outcomes and less bone loss than implant surgery with a flap approach.Methods: In this randomized, controlled study comparing the flapless and traditional flap protocol for implant placement, 24 patients received a single implant in the anterior maxillary region. A cone beam computed tomography–aided surgical guide was used for implant placement surgery for both groups. Implants were restored using a one‐piece, screw‐retained ceramic crown at 3 months. Radiographic and clinical measurements were assessed at baseline (implant placement) and at 3 (crown placement), 6, 9, and 15 months. Clinical parameters evaluated were plaque index, gingival index, papillary index (PPI) (0 = no papilla, 1 = less than half, 2 = more than half but not complete, 3 = complete fill, and 4 = overfill), marginal tissue levels, biotype, width of keratinized tissue, and soft tissue thickness.Results: Implant success rate was 92% in both groups. Mean PPI values for the flap control group and flapless test group were 2.38 ± 0.51 versus 2.31 ± 0.48 at crown placement (P = 0.68) and 2.52 ± 0.52 versus 2.64 ± 0.54 at 15 months (P = 0.42), respectively. PPI increased over time in both groups, although the flapless group had a significantly larger change in PPI from crown placement to 6 and 9 months (P <0.01). Crestal bone levels in the flap group were more apical in relation to the implant platform than those in the flapless group for the duration of the study. No differences among groups were noted for all other measurements.Conclusions: Both flapless and flap implant placement protocols resulted in high success rates. A flapless protocol may provide a better short‐term esthetic result, although there appears to be no long‐term advantage.
Bernard Shaw’s Stalinist Allegory:The Simpleton of the Unexpected Isles
Authors: Yde Matthew 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT:For over fifty years, playwright George Bernard Shaw called for the state extermination of the incorrigibly criminal or anti-social. Yet these statements have usually been dismissed as expressions of Shaw’s well-known propensity for comic exaggeration and hyperbole, his pugnacious rhetoric, his love of paradox, and especially, his addiction to antagonizing the British political establishment. Nonetheless, as this article shows, Shaw was not joking, and in fact, gave full support to the liquidation policies that arose in the totalitarian countries in the thirties, especially those in the Soviet Union. His 1934 play The Simpleton of the Unexpected Isles, although rarely recognized as such, is actually an allegory of the Soviet Union that gives especial attention to the totalitarian state’s uncompromising policy of disposing of recalcitrant citizens. The article analyses the play in light of Shaw’s 1931 visit to the Soviet Union and his vociferous support of its political agenda under Stalin.
Les avatars de la crise moderniste
Authors: Routhier Gilles 
Published: January 2013

En 1996, dressant un panorama de l’évolution des formes du discours chrétien, Christoph Theobald observait qu’avec Vatican II, l’Église catholique passait à une nouvelle étape, l’encyclique Humani generis (1950) marquant « la fin d’une époque de dogmatisation fondamentale ». Cinquante ans après Vatican II, on peut se demander si cette lecture, qui est tributaire d’une compréhension de la réception de Vatican II, tient toujours. En effet, on peut aujourd’hui observer des résurgences de formes anciennes du discours chrétien montrant que les apprentissages proposés à l’Église catholique ne sont pas tous accomplis. Cet article, s’appuyant sur les analyses de Christoph Theobald, après avoir exposé les déplacements importants réalisés au moment de Vatican II et indiqué le « changement d’ordre » qu’il implique, montre que les évolutions proposées par le Concile n’ont pas toutes été reçues et que le modernisme connaît des avatars, au moins au jugement des dissidents intégristes, et que la crise moderniste continue en partie à définir la situation présente. Cela conduit l’auteur à conclure que la théologie doit reprendre ses travaux sur la tradition.
In vitro metabolism study of Strychnos alkaloids using high‐performance liquid chromatography combined with hybrid ion trap/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Tian Ji‐Xin , Peng Can , Xu Lei , Tian Yuan , Zhang Zun‐Jian 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTIn this report, the in vitro metabolism of Strychnos alkaloids was investigated using liquid chromatography/high‐resolution mass spectrometry for the first time. Strychnine and brucine were selected as model compounds to determine the universal biotransformations of the Strychnos alkaloids in rat liver microsomes. The incubation mixtures were separated by a bidentate‐C18 column, and then analyzed by on‐line ion trap/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. With the assistance of mass defect filtering technique, full‐scan accurate mass datasets were processed for the discovery of the related metabolites. The structural elucidations of these metabolites were achieved by comparing the changes in accurate molecular masses, calculating chemical component using Formula Predictor software and defining sites of biotransformation based upon accurate MSn spectral information. As a result, 31 metabolites were identified, of which 26 metabolites were reported for the first time. These biotransformations included hydroxylation, N‐oxidation, epoxidation, methylation, dehydrogenation, de‐methoxylation, O‐demethylation, as well as hydrolysis reactions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Progress in Electronic Structure Calculations on Spin‐Crossover Complexes
Authors: Paulsen Hauke , Schünemann Volker , Wolny Juliusz A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSpin‐crossover (SCO) complexes are an ongoing challenge to quantum chemistry due to the delicate balance of their electronic and entropic contributions to the adiabatic enthalpy difference between the high‐ and low‐spin states. This challenge has fuelled an improvement in the existing quantum chemical methods and the development of new ones and will continue to do so. The progress in electronic structure calculations performed on SCO complexes in recent years has made quantum chemical methods valuable tools that may aid the design of new SCO compounds with desirable features. Post‐Hartree–Fock ab initio methods can be used to calculate the adiabatic energy difference between high‐ and low‐spin states with satisfactory accuracy but are currently limited to model systems or smaller molecular SCO complexes. The results obtained by these methods serve as references for other electronic structure calculations that may also be applied to larger systems. The methods of choice for the calculation of geometries and molecular vibrations of isolated SCO complexes and of crystalline compounds are based on density functional theory (DFT). Recent hybrid functionals can be used to calculate the adiabatic energy difference to an accuracy that is in some cases close to that of ab initio calculations, although no unique functional has been identified up to now that is superior to other functionals in all cases. DFT methods can now also be applied to crystalline systems and allow intermolecular effects to be investigated that are important for understanding the cooperativity of spin transitions.
High‐order CFD methods: current status and perspective
Authors: Wang Z.J. , Fidkowski Krzysztof , Abgrall Rémi , Bassi Francesco , Caraeni Doru , Cary Andrew , Deconinck Herman , Hartmann Ralf , Hillewaert Koen , Huynh H.T. , Kroll Norbert , May Georg , Persson Per‐Olof , van Leer Bram , Visbal Miguel 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYAfter several years of planning, the 1st International Workshop on High‐Order CFD Methods was successfully held in Nashville, Tennessee, on January 7–8, 2012, just before the 50th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and the German Aerospace Center provided much needed support, financial and moral. Over 70 participants from all over the world across the research spectrum of academia, government labs, and private industry attended the workshop. Many exciting results were presented. In this review article, the main motivation and major findings from the workshop are described. Pacing items requiring further effort are presented. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychological Change Mechanisms in Anorexia Nervosa Treatments: How Much Do We Know?
Authors: Wollburg Eileen , Meyer Björn , Osen Bernhard , Löwe Bernd 
Published: January 2013

ObjectiveAnorexia nervosa (AN) is a debilitating and often chronic and treatment‐resistant disorder. Despite decades of theoretical progress and research, many questions remain with regard to the psychological mechanisms explaining why and how some AN patients respond to treatment whereas others do not. Based on the premise that the broader, noneating disorders psychotherapy research literature, and particularly the common factors literature, can inform AN treatment development efforts, we review a set of selected psychological change mechanisms and describe how they might be relevant in the context of AN treatment response. Specifically, we suggest that a systematic consideration of constructs such as basic psychological needs, expectancies, the therapeutic alliance, experiential avoidance, and patient motivation for change might help illuminate how patients do or do not benefit from AN treatment. We briefly describe an ongoing multicenter trial in which the constructs introduced here are being measured on a weekly basis and are examined as potential mediators of treatment response. The article aims to contribute to the AN literature by introducing a set of potentially important change constructs that we think ought to be studied in greater depth by AN researchers.
Identity Dimensions and Related Processes in Emerging Adulthood: Helpful or Harmful?
Authors: Ritchie Rachel A. , Meca Alan , Madrazo Vanessa L. , Schwartz Seth J. , Hardy Sam A. , Zamboanga Byron L. , Weisskirch Robert S. , Kim Su Yeong , Whitbourne Susan Krauss , Ham Lindsay S. , Lee Richard M. 
Published: January 2013

ObjectivesThe current study evaluated the mediational role of well‐being in the relationship between identity development and psychosocial functioning.MethodA sample of 7,649 undergraduate students (73% female; mean age = 19.95, standard deviation = 1.98; 62% Caucasian) completed measures of personal identity, well‐being, internalizing symptoms, externalizing problems, and health‐risk behaviors.ResultsResults revealed that (a) identity exploration and commitment were negatively associated with internalizing symptoms, health‐risk behaviors, and externalizing problems through well‐being, (b) ruminative exploration was negatively associated with well‐being and positively associated with externalizing problems, and (c) increased levels of ruminative exploration appear more detrimental for men than for women.ConclusionThe study shed light on the mechanisms through which identity processes are related to internalizing symptoms, externalizing problems, and health‐risk behaviors. The role of well‐being in these associations, and the potentially deleterious “side effects” of exploration and commitment appear to suggest new and important directions for identity research.
Educating a new cadre of experts specializing in digital collections and digital curation: Experiential learning in digital library curriculum
Authors: Matusiak Krystyna K. , Hu Xiao 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIntegration of experiential learning into the library and information science (LIS) courses has been a theme in LIS education, but the topic deserves renewed attention with an increasing demand for professionals in the digital library field and in light of the new initiative announced by the Library of Congress (LC) and the Institution of Museum and Library Services (IMLS) for national residency program in digital curation. The balance between theory and practice in digital library curricula, the challenges of incorporating practical projects into LIS coursework, and the current practice of teaching with hands on activities represent the primary areas of this panel discussion.The panel brings together a representative from the Library of Congress Office of Strategic Initiative to talk about the Residency in Digital Curation program and LIS educators who are actively involved in developing and teaching DL courses with experiential components in face‐to‐face, hybrid, and online environments.
The art of creating an informative data collection for automated deception detection: A corpus of truths and lies
Authors: Rubin Victoria L. , Conroy Niall J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractOne of the novel research directions in Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning involves creating and developing methods for automatic discernment of deceptive messages from truthful ones. Mistaking intentionally deceptive pieces of information for authentic ones (true to the writer's beliefs) can create negative consequences, since our everyday decision‐making, actions, and mood are often impacted by information we encounter. Such research is vital today as it aims to develop tools for the automated recognition of deceptive, disingenuous or fake information (the kind intended to create false beliefs or conclusions in the reader's mind). The ultimate goal is to support truthfulness ratings that signal the trustworthiness of the retrieved information, or alert information seekers to potential deception. To proceed with this agenda, we require elicitation techniques for obtaining samples of both deceptive and truthful messages from study participants in various subject areas. A data collection, or a corpus of truths and lies, should meet certain basic criteria to allow for meaningful analysis and comparison of socio‐linguistic behaviors. In this paper we propose solutions and weigh pros and cons of various experimental set‐ups in the art of corpus building. The outcomes of three experiments demonstrate certain limitations with using online crowdsourcing for data collection of this type. Incorporating motivation in the task descriptions, and the role of visual context in creating deceptive narratives are other factors that should be addressed in future efforts to build a quality dataset.
Children's perceptual cognitive factors in book selection and metadata schema: Pilot study
Authors: Beak Jihee 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to understand children's perceptual cognitive factors and processes during book selection. Moreover, this study aims to explore how the perceptual cognitive factors can be described in a metadata schema for children's libraries. The study contributes to the improvement of Knowledge Organization Systems (KOS) reflecting children's perceptual cognition. Current Knowledge Organization Systems (KOS) in most school and public libraries are minimally specialized for children. Most school and public libraries have been using the standard KOS, e.g., AACR2, DDC, LCSH, Sears Subject Headings. These KOS usually focus on describing characteristics of information and targeting adult user groups. However, children perceive, categorize, and name information in a different way than adults do. Due to the lack of consideration of children's cognition in KOS, children have trouble in searching for information. Therefore, it is necessary to examine how well current KOS consider children's cognition. In KOS, metadata elements correspond to conceptual aspects of information. Consequently, the study suggests how conceptual aspects of information based on children's perception can be represented in metadata elements.The findings of this study identify 14 emergent facets of information through various factors of information during the perceptual cognitive process in book selection. These factors and facets are re‐analyzed within a Knowledge Organization theoretical context. This study suggests multiple characteristics of perceptual cognitive processes: 1) two different types of processes: PAL (Paying Attention by Looking) and BAR (Being Aware by Recalling); 2) direct and indirect factors of resources; and 3) concrete or abstract factors. Lastly, this study discusses how these perceptual cognitive factors can be represented in metadata schema.
Third space as an information system and services intervention methodology for engaging the user's deepest levels of information need
Authors: Kuhlthau Carol , Cole Charles 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe paper discusses overview principles of information system and services intervention strategies for students researching a school assignment, then tests these principles in a field study. The principles are based on Kuhlthau's ISP Model, Cole's theory of information need and Maniotes' concept of Third Space. The six‐stage ISP Model describes information barriers that arise for students researching a school assignment while they are exploring information in Stage 3; they must transition to a focus formulation in Stage 4, but information overload and other barriers frequently block their thinking. The theory of information need seeks to explain successful Stage 3‐to‐Stage 4 transition as the student engaging his or her ways of knowing, which will enable focus formulation. Third Space is an intersection zone between the school curriculum and the student's knowledge and ways of knowing, creating a dynamic conception of the learning space that involves the student's outside‐the‐classroom knowledge. A content analysis study illustrates a methodology for operationalizing and testing these concepts and principles in a naturalistic setting.
Information outsiders of the 21st Century: Access and implications for information behavior research
Authors: Arns Jennifer W. , Copeland Clayton A. , Jaeger Paul T. , Subramaniam Mega , Mehra Bharat 
Published: January 2013

AbstractEquity of access is an imperative in the global information world of the 21st Century. For the information outsider however, or those who are disenfranchised by social constructions, or economic, educational, or political circumstances, information poverty is a disheartening reality (Chatman, 1992; 1996; 2000; Burnett, Bessant, & Chatman, 2001). The functions of this panel are to explore the information worlds of select marginalized populations and the resulting implications for information behavior. It is intended to begin providing a framework for understanding the interactions between information, information access, and information behavior. The presentations and ensuing discussion offer insight into physical and virtual or digital information access for information outsiders and implications for Library and Information Science (LIS) education and practice.
Predictive value of comments in the service engagement process
Authors: Carman Stephen , Strong Ray , Chandra Anca , Oh Sechan , Spangler Scott , Anderson Laura , Bernard J. Jansen 
Published: January 2013

AbstractFrom the point of view of service providers, a service engagement process begins at the time an opportunity is known and concludes when a proposal for service delivery is resolved (won, lost or canceled). As such, understanding the service engagement process is critical for many businesses. This paper reports an application of text analytics to predict the engagement outcomes of service engagement opportunities based on written text comments about the opportunities during the course of the engagement processes. The comments are attached to documents, which also contain formally prepared solution proposals for potential deals. We examine whether the comments provide value by predicting the outcome of the engagement. Our final data set was 1,000 engagements and approximately 20,000 comments. We designed and carried out two experiments: one building a general classifier that would predict outcomes from comments; and the other building a one‐sided classifier that could provide an advance warning for a significant subset of the deals with one particular outcome. The classifier achieved a 96% precision (4 percent false positives) for the cancel class and also a 96% recall on the full set of training documents. Our experiments show the predictive value of comments or service providers during service engagement and provide an interesting indication of trend in the practice of providing comments.
A comparative study of navigation using single vs. community driven tag clouds on websites
Authors: Nizam Naureen , Watters Carolyn , Gruzd Anatoliy 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to compare two variations of tag clouds, one where the tags are created by a single author and the other where the tags are created by a community of authors. Using mixed methodologies, data was captured and analyzed for efficiency and enjoyment. The results show that tag clouds, where the tags are created by a single author are more efficient and enjoyable for navigation than those created by a community of authors. The findings from this study also provide recommendations for future research in improving tag based navigation on websites.
Longitudinal comparative analysis of item‐level and collection‐level user searching in a digital library
Authors: Zavalina Oksana L. , Vassilieva Elena 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis poster reports the preliminary results of a comparative transaction log analysis study of user searching at collection and item levels in a large‐scale cultural heritage digital library that provides a unique option for collection‐level search. Substantial changes in user searching have been observed over time, including an important trend of the growing use of collection‐level search feature. Results also demonstrate differences in the search query lengths, frequencies, and distribution of search categories between the collection‐level and item‐level searching. The higher occurrence of place and concept categories in collection‐level user searches than in item‐level searches has been consistent over time. The analysis also revealed the prevalence of subject searching (including concept, object, event, place, class of persons, and ethnic group search categories) both at the collection level and at the item level.This study provides empirical data to support digital library developers' decision making regarding information organization in large‐scale aggregations of digital collections.
Analysis of multimedia needs and searching features: An exploratory study
Authors: Chung EunKyung , Yoon JungWon 
Published: January 2013

AbstractTo understand users' multimedia needs and searching behaviors on the Web, this study observed and interviewed twenty college students' multimedia searching behaviors in Korea. By analyzing the data set of this study, the preliminary findings are presented in terms of needs and uses, searching sources, relevance criteria, and search barriers for multimedia resources. Participants searched multimedia resources with diverse needs and uses. With a wide variety of needs, participants were likely to search multimedia resources using search engines mostly because of their familiarity. Particularly, when they search multimedia for their entertainment, file quality and copyright were significant criteria for relevance judgment. Insufficient visual description and limited preview features were reported as major search barriers.