bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A scenario based approach to optimizing cost-effectiveness of physician-staffed Helicopter Emergency Medical Services compared to ground-based Emergency Medical Services in Finland
Authors: Ackermann Axel , Pappinen Jukka , Nurmi Jouni , Nordquist Hilla , Saviluoto Anssi , Mannila Santtu , Mäkelä Simo , Torkki Paulus 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Since Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS) is an expensive resource in terms of unit price compared to ground-based Emergency Medical Service (EMS), it is important to further investigate which methods would allow for the optimization of these services. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of physician-staffed HEMS compared to ground-based EMS in developed scenarios with improvements in triage, aviation performance, and the inclusion of ischemic stroke patients.

Methods
Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was assessed by comparing health outcomes and costs of HEMS versus ground-based EMS across six different scenarios. Estimated 30-day mortality and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were used to measure health benefits. Quality-of-Life (QoL) was assessed with EuroQoL instrument, and a one-way sensitivity analysis was carried out across different patient groups. Survival estimates were evaluated from the national FinnHEMS database, with cost analysis based on the most recent financial reports.

Results
The best outcome was achieved in Scenario 3.1 which included a reduction in over-alerts, aviation performance enhancement, and assessment of ischemic stroke patients. This scenario yielded 1077.07–1436.09 additional QALYs with an ICER of 33,703-44,937 €/QALY. This represented a 27.72% increase in the additional QALYs and a 21.05% reduction in the ICER compared to the current practice.

Conclusions
The cost-effectiveness of HEMS can be highly improved by adding stroke patients into the dispatch criteria, as the overall costs are fixed, and the cost-effectiveness is determined based on the utilization rate of capacity.
Clinical epidemiology of Epstein-Barr virus-associated Lymphoproliferative Disorders (EBV-LPDs) in hospitalized children: A six-year multi-institutional study in China
Authors: Dilmurat Dilara , Wang Xinyu , Gao Liwei , Tian Jiao , Ai Junhong , Zhang Linlin , Liu Mengjia , Feng Guoshuang , Zeng Yueping , Wang Ran , Xie Zhengde 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disorders (EBV-LPDs) are a group of disorders involving lymphoid tissues or lymphocytes. The epidemiology and economic burden of hospitalized children with EBV-LPDs in China have not been well studied. This study aimed to reveal the epidemic characteristics and disease burden of EBV-LPDs among the Chinese hospitalized children, providing strategies for the prevention and management.

Methods
This study was based on the FUTang Updating medical REcords (FUTURE) database of China and collected the medical records from 27 tertiary children’s hospitals between January 2016 and December 2021 in China, counting five types of EBV-LPDs, namely EBV-positive T-cell lymphoproliferative disease, NK/T cell lymphoma, extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (nasal type), systemic EBV-positive T-cell lymphoproliferative disease of childhood and posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders. We conducted a retrospective syhthesis and analysis of the epidemiological characteristics, expenses, length of stay (LOS), as well as complications among hospitalized children diagnosed with five types of EBV-LPDs and compared parameters using appropriate statistical tests.

Results
The study described 153 children aged 0–18 years hospitalized with EBV-LPDs from 2016 to 2021 in the FUTURE database. The male-to-female ratio was 1.10:1, and more than half of the age distribution was in the 6–12 y group. Among EBV-LPDs cases, EBV+ T-LPD accounted for the largest proportion (65.36%). Complications were presented in 93 children with EBV-LPDs, mainly hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). The median LOS of NKTL was 26.5 days [interquartile range (IQR) = 3–42], which was the longest among EBV-LPDs. The median hospitalization cost of PTLD was 10 785.74 United States dollars (IQR = 7 329.38–16 531.18), which was the heaviest among EBV-LPDs.

Conclusions
Compared with the total number of hospitalized children in China during the same period and in the same age group, the proportion of EBV-LPD is very low. EBV-LPD can develop in all age groups, but it is more common in school-age children. Among 5 EBV-LPDs, the disease with the highest proportion is EBV+ T-LPD. The overall disease burden of EBV-LPD was heavy, especially the economic burden. HLH was one of the most common complications, which could directly affect the burden of patients because of prolonged hospitalization. These data are taken from a very large database, illustrating the epidemiological and economic burden of EBV-LPDs hospitalized children in China, which enriched the existing epidemiological and disease burden content of EBV-LPDs.
Vitamin K: a potential missing link in critical illness–a scoping review
Authors: Paulus Michelle Carmen , Drent Marjolein , Kouw Imre Willemijn Kehinde , Balvers Michiel Gerard Juliaan , Bast Aalt , van Zanten Arthur Raymond Hubert 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Vitamin K is essential for numerous physiological processes, including coagulation, bone metabolism, tissue calcification, and antioxidant activity. Deficiency, prevalent in critically ill ICU patients, impacts coagulation and increases the risk of bleeding and other complications. This review aims to elucidate the metabolism of vitamin K in the context of critical illness and identify a potential therapeutic approach.

Methods
In December 2023, a scoping review was conducted using the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews. Literature was searched in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases without restrictions. Inclusion criteria were studies on adult ICU patients discussing vitamin K deficiency and/or supplementation.

Results
A total of 1712 articles were screened, and 13 met the inclusion criteria. Vitamin K deficiency in ICU patients is linked to malnutrition, impaired absorption, antibiotic use, increased turnover, and genetic factors. Observational studies show higher PIVKA-II levels in ICU patients, indicating reduced vitamin K status. Risk factors include inadequate intake, disrupted absorption, and increased physiological demands. Supplementation studies suggest vitamin K can improve status but not normalize it completely. Vitamin K deficiency may correlate with prolonged ICU stays, mechanical ventilation, and increased mortality. Factors such as genetic polymorphisms and disrupted microbiomes also contribute to deficiency, underscoring the need for individualized nutritional strategies and further research on optimal supplementation dosages and administration routes.

Conclusions
Addressing vitamin K deficiency in ICU patients is crucial for mitigating risks associated with critical illness, yet optimal management strategies require further investigation.

Impact research
To the best of our knowledge, this review is the first to address the prevalence and progression of vitamin K deficiency in critically ill patients. It guides clinicians in diagnosing and managing vitamin K deficiency in intensive care and suggests practical strategies for supplementing vitamin K in critically ill patients. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the existing literature, and serves as a valuable resource for clinicians, researchers, and policymakers in critical care medicine.
Improving medication adherence among persons with cardiovascular disease through m-health and community health worker-led interventions in Kerala; protocol for a type II effectiveness-implementation research-(SHRADDHA-ENDIRA)
Authors: Menon Jaideep C. , John Denny , Sreedevi Aswathy , Janakiram Chandrasekhar , R Akshaya , S Sumithra , M S Aravind , Numpeli Mathews , Gopal Bipin , B A Renjini , P K Sajeev , Lakshmanasamy Ravivarman , Kunwar Abhishek 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, and at present, India has the highest burden of acute coronary syndrome and ST-elevation myocardial infarction (MI). A key reason for poor outcomes is non-adherence to medication.

Methods
The intervention is a 2 × 2 factorial design trial applying two interventions individually and in combination with 1:1 allocation ratio: (i) ASHA-led medication adherence initiative comprising of home visits and (ii) m-health intervention using reminders and self-reporting of medication use. This design will lead to four potential experimental conditions: (i) ASHA-led intervention, (ii) m-health intervention, (iii) ASHA and m-health intervention combination, (iv) standard of care. The cluster randomized trial has been chosen as it randomizes communities instead of individuals, avoiding contamination between participants. Subcenters are a natural subset of the health system, and they will be considered as the cluster/unit. The factorial cluster randomized controlled trial (cRCT) will also incorporate a nested health economic evaluation to assess the cost-effectiveness and return on investment (ROI) of the interventions on medication adherence among patients with CVDs. The sample size has been calculated to be 393 individuals per arm with 4–5 subcenters in each arm. A process evaluation to understand the effect of the intervention in terms of acceptability, adoption (uptake), appropriateness, costs, feasibility, fidelity, penetration (integration of a practice within a specific setting), and sustainability will be done.

Discussion
The effect of different types of intervention alone and in combination will be assessed using a cluster randomized design involving 18 subcenter areas. The trial will explore local knowledge and perceptions and empower people by shifting the onus onto themselves for their medication adherence. The proposal is aligned to the WHO-NCD aims of improving the availability of the affordable basic technologies and essential medicines, training the health workforce and strengthening the capacity of at the primary care level, to address the control of NCDs. The proposal also helps expand the use of digital technologies to increase health service access and efficacy for NCD treatment and may help reduce cost of treatment.

Trial registration
The trial has been registered with the Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI), reference number CTRI/2023/10/059095.
Effects of ultrasound-guided serratus plane block combined with general anesthesia on postoperative early quality of recovery and analgesia in patients undergoing transapical transcatheter aortic valve implantation surgery: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Xiao Cheng , Chen Fang , Cao Lei , Yang Ming , Tan Yuting , Lin Guoyun , Yang Guiying , Jing Sheng , Li Hong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Compared to traditional thoracotomy, transapical transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) surgery offers reduced trauma and faster recovery, fostering the adoption of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols in cardiac surgery. Despite these advancements, postoperative pain management has received insufficient attention. The potential effects of multi-mode analgesia, including ultrasound-guided serratus anterior plane block (SAPB), on postoperative pain and early quality of recovery have not been widely studied, lacking comprehensive prospective evidence. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impact of SAPB combined with general anesthesia on early recovery quality and analgesic efficacy in transapical TAVI patients.

Methods
This prospective, randomized controlled study will enroll 70 patients undergoing transapical TAVI, randomly allocated to either the SAPB group or the control group. The primary outcome, assessed using Quality of Recovery-40 (QOR-40) scale, focuses on the quality of recovery at 24 h and 48 h postoperatively. Secondary outcomes include the visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores at rest and during coughing at 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h after surgery, frequency of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) utilization at 24 h and 48 h, opioid consumption at 24 h and 48 h, time and frequency of rescue analgesia and severe pain at 24 h and 48 h, incidence of nausea and vomiting at 48 h after surgery, and dosage of antiemetic drugs.

Discussion
The purpose of our study is to evaluate the effects of ultrasound-guided SAPB combined with general anesthesia on postoperative early quality of recovery and analgesia in transapical TAVI patients. The results obtained may provide valuable insight for the implementation of multi-mode analgesia and enhanced ERAS in this specific patient population.

Trial registration
China Clinical Trial Register ChiCTR2300068584. Registered on 24 February 2023.
Slow recovery rates and spatial aggregation of Triatoma infestans populations in an area with high pyrethroid resistance in the Argentine Chaco
Authors: Cecere María Carla , Gaspe María Sol , Macchiaverna Natalia Paula , Enriquez Gustavo Fabián , Alvedro Alejandra , Laiño Mariano Alberto , Alvarado-Otegui Julián Antonio , Cardinal Marta Victoria , Gürtler Ricardo Esteban 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The emergence of pyrethroid resistance has threatened the elimination of Triatoma infestans from the Gran Chaco ecoregion. We investigated the status and spatial distribution of house infestation with T. infestans and its main determinants in Castelli, a municipality of the Argentine Chaco with record levels of triatomine pyrethroid resistance, persistent infestation over 2005–2014, and limited or no control actions over 2015–2020.

Methods
We conducted a 2-year longitudinal survey to assess triatomine infestation by timed manual searches in a well-defined rural section of Castelli including 14 villages and 234 inhabited houses in 2018 (baseline) and 2020, collected housing and sociodemographic data by on-site inspection and a tailored questionnaire, and synthetized these data into three indices generated by multiple correspondence analysis.

Results
The overall prevalence of house infestation in 2018 (33.8%) and 2020 (31.6%) virtually matched the historical estimates for the period 2005–2014 (33.7%) under recurrent pyrethroid sprays. While mean peridomestic infestation remained the same (26.4–26.7%) between 2018 and 2020, domestic infestation slightly decreased from 12.2 to 8.3%. Key triatomine habitats were storerooms, domiciles, kitchens, and structures occupied by chickens. Local spatial analysis showed significant aggregation of infestation and bug abundance in five villages, four of which had very high pyrethroid resistance approximately over 2010–2013, suggesting persistent infestations over space-time. House bug abundance within the hotspots consistently exceeded the estimates recorded in other villages. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the presence and relative abundance of T. infestans in domiciles were strongly and negatively associated with indices for household preventive practices (pesticide use) and housing quality. Questionnaire-derived information showed extensive use of pyrethroids associated with livestock raising and concomitant spillover treatment of dogs and (peri) domestic premises.

Conclusions
Triatoma infestans populations in an area with high pyrethroid resistance showed slow recovery and propagation rates despite limited or marginal control actions over a 5-year period. Consistent with these patterns, independent experiments confirmed the lower fitness of pyrethroid-resistant triatomines in Castelli compared with susceptible conspecifics. Targeting hotspots and pyrethroid-resistant foci with appropriate house modification measures and judicious application of alternative insecticides with adequate toxicity profiles are needed to suppress resistant triatomine populations and prevent their eventual regional spread.

Graphical Abstract
An expedited screening platform for the discovery of anti-ageing compounds in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Lujan Celia , Tyler Eleanor Jane , Ecker Simone , Webster Amy Philomena , Stead Eleanor Rachel , Martinez-Miguel Victoria Eugenia , Milligan Deborah , Garbe James Charles , Stampfer Martha Ruskin , Beck Stephan , Lowe Robert , Bishop Cleo Lucinda , Bjedov Ivana 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Restraining or slowing ageing hallmarks at the cellular level have been proposed as a route to increased organismal lifespan and healthspan. Consequently, there is great interest in anti-ageing drug discovery. However, this currently requires laborious and lengthy longevity analysis. Here, we present a novel screening readout for the expedited discovery of compounds that restrain ageing of cell populations in vitro and enable extension of in vivo lifespan.

Methods
Using Illumina methylation arrays, we monitored DNA methylation changes accompanying long-term passaging of adult primary human cells in culture. This enabled us to develop, test, and validate the CellPopAge Clock, an epigenetic clock with underlying algorithm, unique among existing epigenetic clocks for its design to detect anti-ageing compounds in vitro. Additionally, we measured markers of senescence and performed longevity experiments in vivo in Drosophila, to further validate our approach to discover novel anti-ageing compounds. Finally, we bench mark our epigenetic clock with other available epigenetic clocks to consolidate its usefulness and specialisation for primary cells in culture.

Results
We developed a novel epigenetic clock, the CellPopAge Clock, to accurately monitor the age of a population of adult human primary cells. We find that the CellPopAge Clock can detect decelerated passage-based ageing of human primary cells treated with rapamycin or trametinib, well-established longevity drugs. We then utilise the CellPopAge Clock as a screening tool for the identification of compounds which decelerate ageing of cell populations, uncovering novel anti-ageing drugs, torin2 and dactolisib (BEZ-235). We demonstrate that delayed epigenetic ageing in human primary cells treated with anti-ageing compounds is accompanied by a reduction in senescence and ageing biomarkers. Finally, we extend our screening platform in vivo by taking advantage of a specially formulated holidic medium for increased drug bioavailability in Drosophila. We show that the novel anti-ageing drugs, torin2 and dactolisib (BEZ-235), increase longevity in vivo.

Conclusions
Our method expands the scope of CpG methylation profiling to accurately and rapidly detecting anti-ageing potential of drugs using human cells in vitro, and in vivo, providing a novel accelerated discovery platform to test sought after anti-ageing compounds and geroprotectors.
SPARC overexpression in allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in dog dry eye model induced by benzalkonium chloride
Authors: Li Chenchen , Li Balun , Han Miao , Tian Hongkai , Gao Jiaqi , Han Dongyao , Ling Zixi , Jing Yuanxiang , Li Na , Hua Jinlian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Nowadays, companion and working dogs hold significant social and economic importance. Dry eye, also known as dry keratoconjunctivitis (KCS), a common disease in ophthalmology, can readily impact a dog’s working capacity and lead to economic losses. Although there are several medications available for this disease, all of them only improve the symptoms on the surface of the eye, and they are irritating and not easy to use for long periods of time. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSC) are promising candidates for tissue regeneration and disease treatment. However, long-term in vitro passaging leads to stemness loss of ADMSC. Here, we aimed to use ADMSC overexpressing Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine (SPARC) to treat 0.25% benzalkonium chloride-treated dogs with dry eye to verify its efficacy. For in vitro validation, we induced corneal epithelial cell (HCECs) damage using 1 µg/mL benzalkonium chloride.

Methods
Fifteen male crossbred dogs were randomly divided into five groups: normal, dry eye self-healing control, cyclosporine-treated, ADMSC-CMV-treated and ADMSC-OESPARC-treated. HCECs were divided into four groups: normal control group, untreated model group, ADMSC-CMV supernatant culture group and ADMSC-OESRARC supernatant culture group.

Results
SPARC-modified ADMSC had the most significant effect on canine ocular surface inflammation, corneal injury, and tear recovery, and the addition of ADMSC-OESPARC cell supernatant also had a salvage effect on HCECs cellular damage, such as cell viability and cell proliferation ability. Moreover, analysis of the co-transcriptome sequencing data showed that SPARC could promote corneal epithelial cell repair by enhancing the in vitro viability, migration and proliferation and immunosuppression of ADMSC.

Conclusion
The in vitro cell test and in vivo model totally suggest that the combination of SPARC and ADMSC has a promising future in novel dry eye therapy.

Graphical abstract
Application of machine reading comprehension techniques for named entity recognition in materials science
Authors: Huang Zihui , He Liqiang , Yang Yuhang , Li Andi , Zhang Zhiwen , Wu Siwei , Wang Yang , He Yan , Liu Xujie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMaterials science is an interdisciplinary field that studies the properties, structures, and behaviors of different materials. A large amount of scientific literature contains rich knowledge in the field of materials science, but manually analyzing these papers to find material-related data is a daunting task. In information processing, named entity recognition (NER) plays a crucial role as it can automatically extract entities in the field of materials science, which have significant value in tasks such as building knowledge graphs. The typically used sequence labeling methods for traditional named entity recognition in material science (MatNER) tasks often fail to fully utilize the semantic information in the dataset and cannot effectively extract nested entities. Herein, we proposed to convert the sequence labeling task into a machine reading comprehension (MRC) task. MRC method effectively can solve the challenge of extracting multiple overlapping entities by transforming it into the form of answering multiple independent questions. Moreover, the MRC framework allows for a more comprehensive understanding of the contextual information and semantic relationships within materials science literature, by integrating prior knowledge from queries. State-of-the-art (SOTA) performance was achieved on the Matscholar, BC4CHEMD, NLMChem, SOFC, and SOFC-Slot datasets, with F1-scores of 89.64%, 94.30%, 85.89%, 85.95%, and 71.73%, respectively in MRC approach. By effectively utilizing semantic information and extracting nested entities, this approach holds great significance for knowledge extraction and data analysis in the field of materials science, and thus accelerating the development of material science.Scientific contributionWe have developed an innovative NER method that enhances the efficiency and accuracy of automatic entity extraction in the field of materials science by transforming the sequence labeling task into a MRC task, this approach provides robust support for constructing knowledge graphs and other data analysis tasks.