bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical Learning Is Not Affected by a Prior Bout of Physical Exercise
Authors: Stevens David J. , Arciuli Joanne , Anderson David I. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis study examined the effect of a prior bout of exercise on implicit cognition. Specifically, we examined whether a prior bout of moderate intensity exercise affected performance on a statistical learning task in healthy adults. A total of 42 participants were allocated to one of three conditions—a control group, a group that exercised for 15 min prior to the statistical learning task, and a group that exercised for 30 min prior to the statistical learning task. The participants in the exercise groups cycled at 60% of their respective O2max. Each group demonstrated significant statistical learning, with similar levels of learning among the three groups. Contrary to previous research that has shown that a prior bout of exercise can affect performance on explicit cognitive tasks, the results of the current study suggest that the physiological stress induced by moderate‐intensity exercise does not affect implicit cognition as measured by statistical learning.
High‐Precision Laser Scanning System for Three‐Dimensional Modeling of Saffron Flower
Authors: Zeraatkar Mojtaba , Khalili Khalil , Foorginejad Abolfazl 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBecause plants have nonrigid parts in various and complicated shapes and high level of variability in their shapes, they have remained one of the most difficult objects to model. Saffron is the most expensive agricultural crop and spice in the world. There is very few information about the geometric properties of saffron flower and its parts in academic resources. Because of the very low thickness of the parts of saffron flower such as petals, the extracted point clouds interfere. In this article, using reverse engineering, three‐dimensional (3D) data of saffron flower are extracted by employing laser scanning technology. After data pre‐processing and processing, the 3D model of saffron flower was developed for the first time. A novel algorithm was proposed to address the problem of interference in point cloud and to separate point cloud of the top surface and the bottom surface of the petal.Practical ApplicationsThere is very few information about the geometric properties of saffron flower and its parts in academic resources. Owing to the lack of a virtual model of saffron flower, it is difficult to analyze and design a postharvesting mechanism. By generation of a three‐dimensional geometrical model of the flower, not only the geometric parameters of flower are obtained but also a more accurate mechanical study of the object such as aerodynamic study becomes possible. The mechanical behavior of saffron flower is important in the design and analysis of postharvesting mechanisms. In this research, a novel algorithm was developed capable of avoiding interference of point clouds belonging to different surfaces with very close distance to each other, i.e., thin objects. This algorithm was named “projected homogeneous neighbors.” Laser scanning technology with the current precision may well be useful, appropriate and practical technology for precise modeling as well as the description of details and existing issues in biology and agriculture products such as saffron flower.
Towards a Better Understanding of Dynamic Interaction Metrics for Wildlife: a Null Model Approach
Authors: Miller Jennifer A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe ability to measure dynamic interactions, such as attraction or avoidance, is crucial to understanding socio‐spatial behaviors related to territoriality and mating as well as for exploring resource use and the potential spread of infectious epizootic diseases. In spite of the importance of measuring dynamic interactions, it has not been a main research focus in movement pattern analysis. With very few exceptions (see Benhamou et al. 2014), no new metrics have been developed in the past 20 years to accommodate the fundamental shift in the type of animal movement data now being collected and there have been few comparison or otherwise critical studies of existing dynamic interaction metrics (but see Long et al. 2014; Miller 2012). This research borrows from the null model approach commonly used in community ecology to compare six currently used dynamic interaction metrics using data on five brown hyena dyads in Northern Botswana. There was disconcerting variation among the dynamic interaction results depending on which metric and which null model was used, and these results highlight the need for more extensive research on measuring and interpreting dynamic interactions in order to avoid making potentially misleading inferences about socio‐spatial behaviors.
Large Tailed Spindle Viruses of Archaea: a New Way of Doing Viral Business
Authors: Hochstein Rebecca , Bollschweiler Daniel , Engelhardt Harald , Lawrence C. Martin , Young Mark 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Viruses of
Archaea
continue to surprise us. Archaeal viruses have revealed new morphologies, protein folds, and gene content. This is especially true for large spindle viruses, which infect only
Archaea
. We present a comparison of particle morphologies, major coat protein structures, and gene content among the five characterized large spindle viruses to elucidate defining characteristics. Structural similarities and a core set of genes support the grouping of the large spindle viruses into a new superfamily.
Cell- and Protein-Directed Glycosylation of Native Cleaved HIV-1 Envelope
Authors: Pritchard Laura K. , Harvey David J. , Bonomelli Camille , Crispin Max , Doores Katie J. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

The gp120/gp41 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) is highly glycosylated, with up to 50% of its mass consisting of
N
-linked glycans. This dense carbohydrate coat has emerged as a promising vaccine target, with its glycans acting as epitopes for a number of potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). Characterizing the glycan structures present on native HIV-1 Env is thus a critical goal for the design of Env immunogens. In this study, we used a complementary, multistep approach involving ion mobility mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography to comprehensively characterize the glycan structures present on HIV-1 gp120 produced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The capacity of different expression systems, including pseudoviral particles and recombinant cell surface trimers, to reproduce native-like glycosylation was then assessed. A population of oligomannose glycans on gp120 was reproduced across all expression systems, supporting this as an intrinsic property of Env that can be targeted for vaccine design. In contrast, Env produced in HEK 293T cells failed to accurately reproduce the highly processed complex-type glycan structures observed on PBMC-derived gp120, and in particular the precise linkage of sialic acid residues that cap these glycans. Finally, we show that unlike for gp120, the glycans decorating gp41 are mostly complex-type sugars, consistent with the glycan specificity of bnAbs that target this region. These findings provide insights into the glycosylation of native and recombinant HIV-1 Env and can be used to inform strategies for immunogen design and preparation.

IMPORTANCE
Development of an HIV vaccine is desperately needed to control new infections, and elicitation of HIV bnAbs will likely be an important component of an effective vaccine. Increasingly, HIV bnAbs are being identified that bind to the
N
-linked glycans coating the HIV envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41, highlighting them as important targets for vaccine design. It is therefore important to characterize the glycan structures present on native, virion-associated gp120 and gp41 for development of vaccines that accurately mimic native-Env glycosylation. In this study, we used a number of analytical techniques to precisely study the structures of both the oligomannose and complex-type glycans present on native Env to provide a reference for determining the ability of potential HIV immunogens to accurately replicate the glycosylation pattern on these native structures.
Identification of the Receptor-Binding Domain of the Spike Glycoprotein of Human Betacoronavirus HKU1
Authors: Qian Zhaohui , Ou Xiuyuan , Góes Luiz Gustavo Bentim , Osborne Christina , Castano Anna , Holmes Kathryn V. , Dominguez Samuel R. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT
Coronavirus spike (S) glycoproteins mediate receptor binding, membrane fusion, and virus entry and determine host range. Murine betacoronavirus (β-CoV) in group A uses the N-terminal domain (NTD) of S protein to bind to its receptor, whereas the β-CoVs severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV in group B and Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV in group C and several α-CoVs use the downstream C domain in their S proteins to recognize their receptor proteins. To identify the receptor-binding domain in the spike of human β-CoV HKU1 in group A, we generated and mapped a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to the ectodomain of HKU1 spike protein. They did not cross-react with S proteins of any other CoV tested. Most of the HKU1 spike MAbs recognized epitopes in the C domain between amino acids 535 and 673, indicating that this region is immunodominant. Two of the MAbs blocked HKU1 virus infection of primary human tracheal-bronchial epithelial (HTBE) cells. Preincubation of HTBE cells with a truncated HKU1 S protein that includes the C domain blocked infection with HKU1 virus, but preincubation of cells with truncated S protein containing only the NTD did not block infection. These data suggest that the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of HKU1 spike protein is located in the C domain, where the spike proteins of α-CoVs and β-CoVs in groups B and C bind to their specific receptor proteins. Thus, two β-CoVs in group A, HKU1 and murine CoV, have evolved to use different regions of their spike glycoproteins to recognize their respective receptor proteins.

IMPORTANCE
Mouse hepatitis virus, a β-CoV in group A, uses the galectin-like NTD in its spike protein to bind its receptor protein, while HCoV-OC43, another β-CoV in group A, uses the NTD to bind to its sialic-acid containing receptor. In marked contrast, the NTD of the spike glycoprotein of human respiratory β-CoV HKU1, which is also in group A, does not bind sugar. In this study, we showed that for the spike protein of HKU1, the purified C domain, downstream of the NTD, could block HKU1 virus infection of human respiratory epithelial cells, and that several monoclonal antibodies that mapped to the C domain neutralized virus infectivity. Thus, the receptor-binding domain of HKU1 spike glycoprotein is located in the C domain. Surprisingly, two β-CoVs in group A, mouse hepatitis virus and HKU1, have evolved to use different regions of their spike glycoproteins to recognize their respective receptors.
Tophus resolution with pegloticase: a prospective dual-energy CT study
Authors: Araujo Elizabeth G , Bayat Sara , Petsch Christina , Englbrecht Matthias , Faustini Francesca , Kleyer Arnd , Hueber Axel J , Cavallaro Alexander , Lell Michael , Dalbeth Nicola , Manger Bernhard , Schett Georg , Rech Juergen 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of intensive lowering of serum uric acid (SUA) levels by pegloticase on the resolution of tophi in patients with refractory gout.MethodsDescriptive study in patients with refractory gout receiving pegloticase treatment. SUA levels were measured before and after each infusion. Dual-energy CT (DECT) scans were taken from all patients before the first infusion and after the last infusion. Computerised tophus volumes were calculated for the baseline and follow-up assessments and compared with each other.Results10 patients with refractory gout and baseline mean SUA level of 8.1 mg/dL were enrolled. Patients were treated for a mean of 13.3 weeks. Pegloticase effectively reduced tophi in all patients showing a decrease in volume by 71.4%. Responders, showing reduction of SUA level below 6 mg/dL during at least 80% of the treatment time, were virtually cleared from tophi (−94.8%). Dependent on their anatomical localisation, resolution of tophi showed different dynamics, with articular tophi showing fast, and tendon tophi slow, resolution.ConclusionsTophi are highly sensitive to pegloticase treatment, particularly when located at articular sites. Debulking of disease and a tophus-free state can be reached within a few months of pegloticase treatment. DECT allows for comprehensively assessing tophus burden and monitoring treatment responses.
Bigram Language Models and Reevaluation Strategy for Improved Recognition of Online Handwritten Tamil Words
Authors: Sundaram Suresh , Ramakrishnan A. G. 
Published: June 2015

This article describes a postprocessing strategy for online, handwritten, isolated Tamil words. Contributions have been made with regard to two issues hardly addressed in the online Indic word recognition literature, namely, use of (1) language models exploiting the idiosyncrasies of Indic scripts and (2) expert classifiers for the disambiguation of confused symbols.
The input word is first segmented into its individual symbols, which are recognized using a primary support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Thereafter, we enhance the recognition accuracy by utilizing (i) a bigram language model at the symbol or character level and (ii) expert classifiers for reevaluating and disambiguating the different sets of confused symbols. The symbol-level bigram model is used in a traditional Viterbi framework. The concept of a character comprising multiple symbols is unique to Dravidian languages such as Tamil. This multi-symbol feature of Tamil characters has been exploited in proposing a novel, prefix-tree-based character-level bigram model that does not use Viterbi search; rather it reduces the search space for each input symbol based on its left context.
For disambiguating confused symbols, a dynamic time-warping approach is proposed to automatically identify the parts of the online trace that discriminates between the confused classes. Fine classification of these regions by dedicated expert SVMs reduces the extent of confusions between such symbols. The integration of segmentation, prefix-tree-based language model and disambiguation of confused symbols is presented on a set of 15,000 handwritten isolated online Tamil words. Our results show recognition accuracies of 93.0% and 81.6% at the symbol and word level, respectively, as compared to the baseline classifier performance of 88.4% and 65.1%, respectively.
Kolmogorov type inequalities for the Marchaud fractional derivatives on the real line and the half-line
Authors: Babenko Vladislav F , Churilova Mariya S , Parfinovych Nataliia V , Skorokhodov Dmytro S 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
In this paper we establish some new Kolmogorov type inequalities for the Marchaud and Hadamard fractional derivatives of the functions defined on a real axis or semi-axis. Simultaneously we solve two related problems: the Stechkin problem on the best approximation of unbounded operators by bounded ones on a given class of elements and the problem of optimal recovery of an operator on elements from some class given with prescribed error.
Strong convergence theorems based on the viscosity approximation method for a countable family of nonexpansive mappings
Authors: Bagherboum Mozhgan , Razani Abdolrahman , Park Choonkil 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
In a real Hilbert space, an iterative scheme is considered to obtain a common fixed point for a countable family of nonexpansive mappings. In addition, strong convergence to the common fixed point of this sequence is investigated. As an application, an equilibrium problem is solved. We also state more applications of this procedure to obtain a common fixed point of W-mappings.

MSC:47H09, 47H10, 47J20.
Best possible inequalities for the harmonic mean of error function
Authors: Chu Yu-Ming , Li Yong-Min , Xia Wei-Feng , Zhang Xiao-Hui 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
In this paper, we find the least value r and the greatest value p such that the double inequality

erf
(

M
p

(
x
,
y
;
λ
)
)
≤
H
(
erf
(
x
)
,
erf
(
y
)
;
λ
)
≤
erf
(

M
r

(
x
,
y
;
λ
)
)

holds for all

x
,
y
≥
1

(or

0
<
x
,
y
<
1

) with

0
<
λ
<
1

, where

erf
(
x
)
=

2

π

∫
0
x

e

−

t
2

d
t

, and

M
p

(
x
,
y
;
λ
)
=

(
λ

x
p

+
(
1
−
λ
)

y
p

)

1
/
p

(

p
≠
0

) and

M
0

(
x
,
y
;
λ
)
=

x
λ

y

1
−
λ

are, respectively, the error function, and weighted power mean.

MSC:33B20, 26D15.
Morphology and magnetic properties of Fe3O4 nanodot arrays using template-assisted epitaxial growth
Authors: Guan Xiao-Fen , Chen Dan , Quan Zhi-Yong , Jiang Feng-Xian , Deng Chen-Hua , Gehring Gillian Anne , Xu Xiao-Hong 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Arrays of epitaxial Fe3O4 nanodots were prepared using laser molecular beam epitaxy (LMBE), with the aid of ultrathin porous anodized aluminum templates. An Fe3O4 film was also prepared using LMBE. Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy images showed that the Fe3O4 nanodots existed over large areas of well-ordered hexagonal arrays with dot diameters (D) of 40, 70, and 140 nm; height of approximately 20 nm; and inter-dot distances (D
int) of 67, 110, and 160 nm. The calculated nanodot density was as high as 0.18 Tb in.−2 when D = 40 nm. X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that the as-grown Fe3O4 nanodots and the film had good textures of (004) orientation. Both the film and the nanodot arrays exhibited magnetic anisotropy; the anisotropy of the nanoarray weakened with decreasing dot size. The Verwey transition temperature of the film and nanodot arrays with D ≥ 70 nm was observed at around 120 K, similar to that of the Fe3O4 bulk; however, no clear transition was observed from the small nanodot array with D = 40 nm. Results showed that magnetic properties could be tailored through the morphology of nanodots. Therefore, Fe3O4 nanodot arrays may be applied in high-density magnetic storage and spintronic devices.
Iterative methods for triple hierarchical variational inequalities and common fixed point problems
Authors: Sahu DR , Kang Shin Min , Sagar Vidya , Kumar Satyendra 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to introduce a new iterative scheme for approximating the solution of a triple hierarchical variational inequality problem. Under some requirements on parameters, we study the convergence analysis of the proposed iterative scheme for the considered triple hierarchical variational inequality problem which is defined over the set of solutions of a variational inequality problem defined over the intersection of the set of common fixed points of a sequence of nearly nonexpansive mappings and the set of solutions of the classical variational inequality. Our strong convergence theorems extend and improve some known corresponding results in the contemporary literature for a wider class of nonexpansive type mappings in Hilbert spaces.MSC:47J20, 47J25.
Fixed points for mappings satisfying some multi-valued contractions with w-distance
Authors: Liu Zeqing , Wang Xiaochen , Kang Shin Min , Cho Sun Young 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The existence of fixed points and iterative approximations for some nonlinear multi-valued contraction mappings in complete metric spaces with w-distance are proved. Two examples are included. The results presented in this paper extend, improve and unify many known results in recent literature.

MSC:54H25, 47H10.
White matter injury restoration after stem cell administration in subcortical ischemic stroke
Authors: Otero-Ortega Laura , Gutiérrez-Fernández María , Ramos-Cejudo Jaime , Rodríguez-Frutos Berta , Fuentes Blanca , Sobrino Tomás , Hernanz Teresa Navarro , Campos Francisco , López Juan Antonio , Cerdán Sebastián , Vázquez Jesús , Díez-Tejedor Exuperio 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Despite its high incidence, nerve fiber (axon and myelin) damage after cerebral infarct has not yet been extensively investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate white matter repair after adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADMSC) administration in an experimental model of subcortical stroke. Furthermore, we aimed to analyze the ADMSC secretome and whether this could be implicated in this repair function.

Methods
An animal model of subcortical ischemic stroke with white matter affectation was induced in rats by injection of endothelin-1. At 24 hours, 2 × 106 ADMSC were administered intravenously to the treatment group. Functional evaluation, lesion size, fiber tract integrity, cell death, proliferation, white matter repair markers (Olig-2, NF, and MBP) and NogoA were all studied after sacrifice (7 days and 28 days). ADMSC migration and implantation in the brain as well as proteomics analysis and functions of the secretome were also analyzed.

Results
Neither ADMSC migration nor implantation to the brain was observed after ADMSC administration. In contrast, ADMSC implantation was detected in peripheral organs. The treatment group showed a smaller functional deficit, smaller lesion area, less cell death, more oligodendrocyte proliferation, more white matter connectivity and higher amounts of myelin formation. The treated animals also showed higher levels of white matter-associated markers in the injured area than the control group. Proteomics analysis of the ADMSC secretome identified 2,416 proteins, not all of them previously described to be involved in brain plasticity.

Conclusions
White matter integrity in subcortical stroke is in part restored by ADMSC treatment; this is mediated by repair molecular factors implicated in axonal sprouting, remyelination and oligodendrogenesis. These findings are associated with improved functional recovery after stroke.
Single-site laparoscopic colectomy for rectosigmoid cancer with middle aortic syndrome: report of a case
Authors: Tamai Koki , Takemasa Ichiro , Uemura Mamoru , Nishimura Junichi , Hata Taishi , Higashihara Hiroki , Osuga Keigo , Mizushima Tsunekazu , Yamamoto Hirofumi , Doki Yuichiro , Mori Masaki 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Introduction
Single-site laparoscopic colectomy (SLC) is a promising minimally invasive and safe treatment for colorectal cancer. Improvements of the working instruments and procedures for SLC have helped to overcome challenges regarding the difficulty of operation, supporting the gradual acceptance of this technique. In contrast, narrow working space of the abdominal cavity sometimes prevents securing an adequate surgical view. To obtain precise anatomical information and enable complete mesocolic excision (CME), we routinely perform three-dimensional computed tomography prior to SLC.

Case presentation
A 69-year-old Japanese woman was clinically diagnosed with rectosigmoid cancer. Unexpectedly, preoperative examination revealed asymptomatic stenosis of the great artery, which was diagnosed as middle aortic syndrome. Because radical colectomy requires dissection of vessels that supply blood flow to the legs, a vascular stent was inserted prior to operation. We chose SLC due to the reduced risk of damaging epigastric arteries, which may eventually become collaterals in the event of stent re-stenosis. We accomplished SLC with CME, and the patient was discharged on the tenth day after operation without complications.

Conclusion
The present case is the first to proceed by SLC for colorectal cancer complicated by vascular obstructive disease. Preoperative imaging enabled us to identify an unexpected rare disease and to still accomplish SLC with CME, thus reinforcing the importance of preoperative imaging to optimize the use of SLC. In addition, SLC may become one of the most adequate procedures for patients complicated by vascular obstructive disease.