bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Active Components in Salvia Miltiorrhiza Injection Based on Vascular Endothelial Cell Protection
Authors: Shen Jie , Yang Kai , Sun Caihua , Zheng Minxia 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Correlation analysis based on chromatograms and pharmacological activities is essential for understanding the effective components in complex herbal medicines. In this report, HPLC and measurement of antioxidant properties were used to describe the active ingredients of Salvia miltiorrhiza injection (SMI). HPLC results showed that tanshinol, protocatechuic aldehyde, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid B, protocatechuic acid and their metabolites in rat serum may contribute to the efficacy of SMI. Assessment of antioxidant properties indicated that differences in the composition of serum powder of SMI caused differences in vascular endothelial cell protection. When bivariate correlation was carried out it was found that salvianolic acid B, tanshinol and protocatechuic aldehyde were active components of SMI because they were correlated to antioxidant properties.
Novel Ethyl 1,5-Disubstituted-1H-Pyrazole-3-Carboxylates as a New Class of Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Radwan Awwad A. , Ghorab Mostafa M. , Alsaid Mansour S. , Alanazi Fares K. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
A series of pyrazole derivatives 9-22 were designed and synthesized. All the newly synthesized compounds were assayed for their antimicrobial activity against the Grampositive bacteria Staphyllococcus aureus and Bacillius subtilis and the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in addition to the fungi organisms, Candida albicans, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis. Ethyl 5-(2,5-dimethylthiophen- 3-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (21) (MICE.coli = 0.038 μmol mL-1, MICP. aerug. = 0.067 μmol mL-1) is nearly as active as ampicillin (MIC = 0.033 and 0.067 μmol mL-1), respectively. Ethyl 5-(4-bromo-2-chlorophenyl)- 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (16) (MIC = 0.015 μmol mL-1) is more active than fluconazole (0.020 μmol mL-1) as a reference drug against C. parapsilosis.
Rosuvastatin, Sildenafil and Their Combination in Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension in Rat
Authors: Jasińska-Stroschein Magdalena , Owczarek Jacek , Wesołowska Anna , Orszulak-Michalak Daria 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
There is considerable interest in the pleiotropic effects of statins and their potential role in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Previous experimental findings indicate that a combination of lipophilic statins with phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitor, sildenafil, can offer preventive effects on rat monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension. The present study is aimed to assess whether therapeutic regimen provides any benefits. Seven days after pulmonary hypertension induction, hydrophilic rosuvastatin and sildenafil were given for 14 days to male Wistar outbred rats. Right ventricular pressure, right ventricle mass and three biomarkers were evaluated after 21 days: brain natriuretic peptide, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and vascular endothelial growth factor. The present study demonstrates that administration of hydrophilic statin with sildenafil results in reduction of pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricular pressure. The results of biochemical measurements may suggest that statins play a positive role in right ventricle function or the process of angiogenesis in pulmonary hypertension development.
Design, Synthesis and Potential Anti-Proliferative Activity of Some Novel 4-Aminoquinoline Derivatives
Authors: Ghorab Mostafa M. , Al-Said Mansour S. , Arafa Reem K. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Novel nineteen compounds based on a 4-aminoquinoline scaffold were designed and synthesized as potential antiproliferative agents. The new compounds were N-substituted at the 4-position by aryl or heteroaryl (1-9), quinolin- 3-yl (10), 2-methylquinolin-3-yl (11), thiazol-2-yl (12), and dapsone moieties (13, 14 and 18). Bis-compounds 15, 16 and 19 were also synthesized to assess their biological activity. All the newly synthesized comounds were tested for in vitro antiproliferative activity against the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Seventeen of the novel compounds showed higher activity than the reference drug doxorubicin. The corresponding 7-(trifluoromethyl)-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)quinolin-4- amine 1, N-(7-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl)quinolin- 3- amine (10), 2-methyl-N-(7-trifluorome-thyl)quinolin-4-yl) quinolin-3-amine (11) and N-(4-(4-aminophenylsulfonyl) phenyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amine (13) were almost twice to thrice as potent as doxorubicin. Biological screening of the tested compounds could offer an encouraging framework in this field that may lead to the discovery of potent anticancer agents.
The Creation Of The National Registry Of Rare Diseases In The Slovak Republic
Authors: Cisárik F. , Baráková A. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The creation of a registry of patients with rare diseases is a priority of the National Strategy for Rare Diseases as well as of the National Plan for Rare Diseases. Knowledge of the real number of patients with rare diseases would thus, in addition to basic clinical information, represent an important point in planning health and social care. The presented work introduces points of departure which constitute the basis of a new specific National Registry of Patients with Rare Diseases in the Slovak Republic.
Its creation builds on the existing registries as well as on the structure of health care in the Slovak Republic. With the protection of personal data in mind, the collection of data will be carried out by the National Centre of Health Information (NCHI), which will also use the existing tool in the process of creation. Thanks to the cooperation between NCHI and the Slovak Society of Medical Genetics, NCHI developed separate reporting forms on rare diseases according to OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man) and ORPHANET rare disease coding (ORPHA codes of rare diseases), and the International classification of diseases code (ICD 10). The activities also include cooperation with the existing registries (part of which are rare diseases). For example National Registry of Congenital Developmental Heart Defects, national register of neuromuscular disorders, oncologic register or register of diabetes mellitus. Gathering the information from these registries we will extend the data about rare diseases in the Slovak republic. At the international level the participation in the European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies (EUROCAT) is important.
Graph of a Reflexive Game and Bélles-léttres
Authors: Novikov Dmitry A. , Chkhartishvili Alexander G. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The authors consider reflexive games that describe the interaction of subjects (agents) making decisions based on an awareness structure, i.e., a hierarchy of beliefs about essential parameters, beliefs about beliefs, and so on. It was shown that the language of graphs of reflexive games represents a convenient uniform description method for reflexion effects in bélles-léttres.
Contact Motion on Surface of Asteroid
Authors: Tardivel Simon , Scheeres Daniel J. , Michel Patrick , Van wal Stefaan , Sánchez Paul 
Published: October 2014

A comprehensive method for modeling the motion of a spherical pod at the surface of an asteroid is presented. Using triangular faceted surfaces, the largest features of the asteroid (global shape, monoliths, and large boulders) are modeled. The presence of smaller rocks is accounted for using a stochastic model of rock generation and collision. The contact dynamics on regolith or harder surfaces, including multiple contact points situations, are described. The force, torque, and coefficient of rolling resistance are introduced, explained, and estimated. Finally, this model is applied to a hypothetical deployment case on asteroid Itokawa. The numerical simulations show landing time around 5 h, with the main landing basin located in Muses Sea. It also proves the importance of each and every level of detail of the asteroid model for an accurate understanding of asteroid surface motion and the effective design of practical deployment strategies.
Piété populaire hier et aujourd'hui à Notre-Dame de Laghet
Authors: Delsanti Yves 
Published: October 2014

L'auteur effectue la revue la plus large possible de l'ensemble des sources documentaires pouvant aider l'étude de la dévotion populaire à Notre-Dame de Laghet. C'est ainsi que l'on apprend (fac-similé à l'appui) qu'une intense activité de piété règne depuis plus de trois cents ans dans ce sanctuaire proche de la ville de Nice. La question est posée de la continuité de ces pratiques et mentalités. Une réflexion s'amorce sur l'analyse de contenu des billets de demande de grâce déposés hier et aujourd'hui aux pieds de la statue de la "Belle Vierge".
Bibliographie de 40 titres et références d'articles.
Iconographie : fac-similés de billets de remerciement du XVIIème siècle, d'un poème manuscrit du XVIIème siècle, de certificats médicaux du XVIIème siècle et de la couverture de l'Echo de N-D. de Laghet (décembre 1898). (7 figures'».
Fès et Marrakech : Evolution comparée de deux capitales régionales marocaines
Authors: Troin Jean-François 
Published: October 2014

Capitales impériales historiquement puissantes, villes-relais du commerce national et de l'ancien commerce international, Fès et Marrakech ont vu leur rôle décliner au profit des cités de l'Atlantique (Casablanca et Rabat-Salé) au début du XXème siècle.
La bourgeoisie urbaine de Fès a pourtant permis à cette dernière de conserver un rôle économique national (commerce de gros, industries), tandis que Marrakech ne conservait qu'une fonction régionale (pôle d'attraction des ruraux et des produits de la campagne) et développait une activité touristique, certes internationale mais très dépendante de l'extérieur et peu productrice de ressources locales.
Si l'arrière-pays de Fès fournit à la ville du Nord d'importants revenus via des centres-relais constituant une armature urbaine provinciale assez étoffée, les campagnes autour de Marrakech, dominées sans partage par la ville du Sud, ne peuvent assurer des flux commerciaux massifs et faire émerger des pôles urbains-relais.
De ce fait, le drainage vers l'Atlantique et une concurrence soutenue d'Agadir font de Marrakech une capitale régionale écartelée. L'autonomie de Fès par rapport à "sa" région apparaîtrait alors plus solide et assurée, mais cependant le rôle national de la troisième agglomération urbaine du Maroc semblerait aujourd'hui appartenir au passé.
Atypical Chemokine Receptor ACKR2 Mediates Chemokine Scavenging by Primary Human Trophoblasts and Can Regulate Fetal Growth, Placental Structure, and Neonatal Mortality in Mice
Authors: Teoh Pek Joo , Menzies Fiona M. , Hansell Chris A. H. , Clarke Mairi , Waddell Carolann , Burton Graham J. , Nelson Scott M. , Nibbs Robert J. B. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Inflammatory chemokines produced in the placenta can direct the migration of placental leukocytes using chemokine receptors that decorate the surface of these cells. Fetal trophoblasts can also express receptors for inflammatory chemokines, and they are one of the few cell types that express atypical chemokine receptor 2 (ACKR2), previously known as D6. ACKR2 binds many inflammatory CC chemokines but cannot stimulate cell migration or activate signaling pathways used by conventional chemokine receptors. Existing evidence suggests that ACKR2 is a specialized chemokine scavenger, but its function in primary human trophoblasts has not been explored. In mice, ACKR2 is thought to be dispensable for the reproductive success of unchallenged females that have conceived naturally, but it can suppress inflammation-induced abortion and aid the survival of implanted allogeneic embryos. In this article, we demonstrate that cultured primary human trophoblasts express ACKR2 far more strongly than genes encoding conventional receptors for inflammatory CC chemokines. Moreover, these cells are capable of the rapid internalization and efficient scavenging of extracellular chemokine, and this is mediated by ACKR2. We also report that in unchallenged DBA/1j mice, Ackr2 deficiency increases the incidence of stillbirth and neonatal death, leads to structural defects in the placenta, and can decrease fetal weight. Loss of Ackr2 specifically from fetal cells makes a key contribution to the placental defects. Thus, primary human trophoblasts use ACKR2 to scavenge chemokines, and ACKR2 deficiency can cause abnormal placental structure and reduced neonatal survival.
Epigenetic Control of Ccr7 Expression in Distinct Lineages of Lung Dendritic Cells
Authors: Moran Timothy P. , Nakano Hideki , Kondilis-Mangum Hrisavgi D. , Wade Paul A. , Cook Donald N. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Adaptive immune responses to inhaled allergens are induced following CCR7-dependent migration of precursor of dendritic cell (pre-DC)–derived conventional DCs (cDCs) from the lung to regional lymph nodes. However, monocyte-derived (moDCs) in the lung express very low levels of Ccr7 and consequently do not migrate efficiently to LN. To investigate the molecular mechanisms that underlie this dichotomy, we studied epigenetic modifications at the Ccr7 locus of murine cDCs and moDCs. When expanded from bone marrow precursors, moDCs were enriched at the Ccr7 locus for trimethylation of histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3), a modification associated with transcriptional repression. Similarly, moDCs prepared from the lung also displayed increased levels of H3K27me3 at the Ccr7 promoter compared with migratory cDCs from that organ. Analysis of DC progenitors revealed that epigenetic modification of Ccr7 does not occur early during DC lineage commitment because monocytes and pre-DCs both had low levels of Ccr7-associated H3K27me3. Rather, Ccr7 is gradually silenced during the differentiation of monocytes to moDCs. Thus, epigenetic modifications of the Ccr7 locus control the migration and therefore the function of DCs in vivo. These findings suggest that manipulating epigenetic mechanisms might be a novel approach to control DC migration and thereby improve DC-based vaccines and treat inflammatory diseases of the lung.
The C5a Anaphylatoxin Receptor (C5aR1) Protects against Listeria monocytogenes Infection by Inhibiting Type 1 IFN Expression
Authors: Calame Daniel G. , Mueller-Ortiz Stacey L. , Morales John E. , Wetsel Rick A. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a major cause of mortality resulting from food poisoning in the United States. In mice, C5 has been genetically linked to host resistance to listeriosis. Despite this genetic association, it remains poorly understood how C5 and its activation products, C5a and C5b, confer host protection to this Gram-positive intracellular bacterium. In this article, we show in a systemic infection model that the major receptor for C5a, C5aR1, is required for a normal robust host immune response against L. monocytogenes. In comparison with wild-type mice, C5aR1−/− mice had reduced survival and increased bacterial burden in their livers and spleens. Infected C5aR1−/− mice exhibited a dramatic reduction in all major subsets of splenocytes, which was associated with elevated caspase-3 activity and increased TUNEL staining. Because type 1 IFN has been reported to impede the host response to L. monocytogenes through the promotion of splenocyte death, we examined the effect of C5aR1 on type 1 IFN expression in vivo. Indeed, serum levels of IFN-α and IFN-β were significantly elevated in L. monocytogenes–infected C5aR1−/− mice. Similarly, the expression of TRAIL, a type 1 IFN target gene and a proapoptotic factor, was elevated in NK cells isolated from infected C5aR1−/− mice. Treatment of C5aR1−/− mice with a type 1 IFNR blocking Ab resulted in near-complete rescue of L. monocytogenes–induced mortality. Thus, these findings reveal a critical role for C5aR1 in host defense against L. monocytogenes through the suppression of type 1 IFN expression.
A Systematic Review of the Biomarker S100B: Implications for Sport-Related Concussion Management
Authors: Schulte Stefanie , Podlog Leslie W. , Hamson-Utley J. Jordan , Strathmann Frederick G. , Strüder Heiko K. 
Published: October 2014

Objective:
Elevated levels of the astroglial protein S100B have been shown to predict sport-related concussion. However, S100B levels within an athlete can vary depending on the type of physical activity (PA) engaged in and the methodologic approach used to measure them. Thus, appropriate reference values in the diagnosis of concussed athletes remain undefined. The purpose of our systematic literature review was to provide an overview of the current literature examining S100B measurement in the context of PA. The overall goal is to improve the use of the biomarker S100B in the context of sport-related concussion management.

Data Sources:
PubMed, SciVerse Scopus, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, and Cochrane.

Study Selection:
We selected articles that contained (1) research studies focusing exclusively on humans in which (2) either PA was used as an intervention or the test participants or athletes were involved in PA and (3) S100B was measured as a dependent variable.

Data Extraction:
We identified 24 articles. Study variations included the mode of PA used as an intervention, sample types, sample-processing procedures, and analytic techniques.

Data Synthesis:
Given the nonuniformity of the analytical methods used and the data samples collected, as well as differences in the types of PA investigated, we were not able to determine a single consistent reference value of S100B in the context of PA. Thus, a clear distinction between a concussed athlete and a healthy athlete based solely on the existing S100B cutoff value of 0.1 μg/L remains unclear. However, because of its high sensitivity and excellent negative predictive value, S100B measurement seems to have the potential to be a diagnostic adjunct for concussion in sports settings. We recommend that the interpretation of S100B values be based on congruent study designs to ensure measurement reliability and validity.
Health-Related Quality of Life in Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: Houston Megan N. , Van Lunen Bonnie L. , Hoch Matthew C. 
Published: October 2014

Context:
Individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) have reported decreased global and regional function. Despite the identification of functional deficits in those with CAI, more research is required to determine the extent to which CAI influences the multidimensional profile of health-related quality of life.

Objective:
To determine whether global, regional, and psychological health-related outcomes differ between individuals with and without CAI.

Design:
Case-control study.

Setting:
Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:
Twenty-five participants with CAI (age = 21.9 ± 2.5 years, height = 170.8 ± 8.6 cm, mass = 69.8.0 ± 11.7 kg) were sex- and limb-matched to 25 healthy participants (age = 22.0 ± 2.1 years, height = 167.4 ± 9.1 cm, mass = 64.8 ± 11.2 kg).

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Both groups completed the Disablement in the Physically Active Scale, the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), the FAAM-Sport, the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia-11, and the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire. Dependent variables were scores on these instruments, and the independent variable was group.

Results:
Compared with healthy individuals, those with CAI reported decreased function on the Disablement in the Physically Active Scale, FAAM, and FAAM-Sport (P &lt; .001) and increased fear of reinjury on the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia-11 and Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (P &lt; .001). In the CAI group, the FAAM and FAAM-Sport demonstrated a significant relationship (r = 0.774, P &lt; .01).

Conclusions:
Individuals with CAI reported decreased function and increased fear of reinjury compared with healthy control participants. Also, within the CAI group, there was a strong relationship between FAAM and FAAM-Sport scores but not between any other instruments. These findings suggest that health-related quality of life should be examined during the rehabilitation process of individuals with CAI.
‘Keeping head above water’: A case study in religious leadership in a polluted context
Authors: Nell Ian A. 
Published: October 2014

‘We must stop wasting our precious water – and also stop polluting it.’ These are the words of Dr Jo Barnes, Epidemiologist and Senior Lecturer in Community Health at the University of Stellenbosch’s Faculty for Health Sciences. Her research involves the quality of water in rivers and its health impact on communities. It is general knowledge that health services are struggling under the burden of diseases resulting from environmental pollution, particularly water pollution. This potentially avoidable crisis is slowly turning into a disaster. The article draws on a case study done in the informal settlement of Sweet Home Farm in Philippi, Cape Town, with the intent of compiling a descriptive empirical report on the way the community deals with human waste. In a next step, interpretive lenses are used to look with ‘deeper understanding’ at the problem of human waste and pollution. After that, the focus shifts to the problem of a theology of human waste, and the article concludes with suggestions on the role of religious leadership and ways in which leaders can play a constructive role in handling the crisis of a polluted context.Toilets in the modern water closets rise up from the floor like water lilies. The architect does all he can to make the body forget how paltry it is and to make man ignore what happens to his intestinal wastes after the water from the tank flushes them down the drain … Spontaneously, without any theological training, I, as a child, grasped the incompatibility of God and shit and thus came to question the basic thesis of Christian anthropology, namely that man was created in God’s image. Either/or: either man was created in God’s image – and has intestines! – or God lacks intestines and man is not like him. (Milan Kundera, The unbearable lightness of being 1984:132)Water is life, sanitation is dignity. (City of Cape Town, n.d., ‘Water and sanitation services standard’, Preliminary draft 2, March 2008)
Autonomie, ambtelijke organisaties en criminaliteitsbestrijding
Authors: van Gestel Barbra , Verhoeven Maite 
Published: October 2014

Autonomy, bureaucracy and law enforcement. About collaboration between law enforcement agencies to combat human trafficking
How do organisations collaborate in the daily practice of law enforcement? And what role plays autonomy of government agencies within this cooperation? In this article the authors answer these questions on the base of two case studies: two large scale projects in which a partnership approach was used to combat human trafficking in the Netherlands. Collaboration between city administration, investigation services and tax authorities seems to be very hard to put into practice. This is understandable from the theory that government agencies, while performing their tasks, are focused on achieving autonomy.