bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prognostic value of positron emission tomography performed after two courses (INTERIM‐PET) of standard therapy on treatment outcome in early stage Hodgkin lymphoma: A multicentric study by the fondazione italiana linfomi (FIL)
Authors: Rigacci Luigi , Puccini Benedetta , Zinzani Pier Luigi , Biggi Alberto , Castagnoli Antonio , Merli Francesco , Balzarotti Monica , Stelitano Caterina , Spina Michele , Vitolo Umberto , Stefoni Vittorio , Levis Alessandro , Gotti Manuel , Rosaria Sancetta , Maria Stefani Piero , Bosi Alberto , Gallamini Andrea 
Published: February 2015

This retrospective study included 246 patients with a new diagnosis of Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) with a localized‐stage (IA‐IIA), consecutively admitted from January 2002 to December 2008, by twelve Italian hematological centers on behalf of Fondazione Italiana Linfomi (FIL).Patients were staged at baseline and after two cycles of chemotherapy with PET. All patients were treated with four cycles of ABVD followed by involved‐field radiotherapy. No treatment change, based on PET‐2 results was allowed. Endpoint of the study was the predictive role of PET‐2 on 2‐y failure‐free survival (FFS).PET‐2 was positive in 36 patients (15%) and negative in 210. After a mean follow‐up of 46 (3–105) months 19/36 PET‐2 positive patients progressed or relapsed and 17 achieved and maintained a CCR. The positive and negative predictive value of a PET2 was 53% and 95%, respectively. The sensibility, specificity and accuracy of PET2 were 65.5%, 92% and 89%, respectively. PET‐2 positive scans were centrally reviewed according to the recently defined Deauville Criteria. Upon review the PPV and NPV was 73% and 96% overall. Factors with prognostic significance for progression in univariate analysis were a positive PET‐2 (P = 0.000) and the presence of bulky disease (P < 0.01). In a multivariate analysis the only factor that affected negatively FFS was a positive PET‐2 (P = 0.000).This study confirms that interim‐PET could be considered a prognostic test also in early stage HL, but is unlikely to be a factor that will justify the change of therapeutical approach. Am. J. Hematol. 90:499–503, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Traces of forgotten historical events in mountain communities in Central Italy: A genetic insight
Authors: Messina Francesco , Finocchio Andrea , Rolfo Mario Federico , De Angelis Flavio , Rapone Cesare , Coletta Martina , Martínez‐Labarga Cristina , Biondi Gianfranco , Berti Andrea , Rickards Olga 
Published: February 2015

ObjectivesAnalysis of human genetic variation in mountain communities can shed light on the peopling of mountainous regions, perhaps revealing whether the remote geographic location spared them from outside invasion and preserved their gene pool from admixture. In this study, we created a model to assess genetic traces of historical events by reconstructing the paternal and maternal genetic history of seven small mountain villages in inland valleys of Central Italy.MethodsThe communities were selected for their geographic isolation, attested biodemographic stability, and documented history prior to the Roman conquest. We studied the genetic structure by analyzing two hypervariable segments (HVS‐I and HVS‐II) of the mtDNA D‐loop and several informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the mtDNA coding region in 346 individuals, in addition to 17 short tandem repeats (STRs) and Y‐chromosome SNPs in 237 male individuals.ResultsFor both uniparental markers, most of the haplogroups originated in Western Europe while some Near Eastern haplogroups were identified at low frequencies. However, there was an evident genetic similarity between the Central Italian samples and Near Eastern populations mainly in the male genetic pool.ConclusionsThe samples highlight an overall European genetic pattern both for mtDNA and Y chromosome. Notwithstanding this scenario, Y chromosome haplogroup Q, a common paternal lineage in Central/Western Asia but almost Europe‐wide absent, was found, suggesting that Central Italy could have hosted a settlement from Anatolia that might be supported by cultural, topographic and genetic evidence. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 27:508–519, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rare variants in γ‐aminobutyric acid type A receptor genes in rolandic epilepsy and related syndromes
Authors: Reinthaler Eva M. , Dejanovic Borislav , Lal Dennis , Semtner Marcus , Merkler Yvonne , Reinhold Annika , Pittrich Dorothea A. , Hotzy Christoph , Feucht Martha , Steinböck Hannelore , Gruber‐Sedlmayr Ursula , Ronen Gabriel M. , Neophytou Birgit , Geldner Julia , Haberlandt Edda , Muhle Hiltrud , Ikram M. Arfan , van Duijn Cornelia M. , Uitterlinden Andre G. , Hofman Albert , Altmüller Janine , Kawalia Amit , Toliat Mohammad R. ,   EuroEPINOMICS Consortium, Nürnberg Peter , Lerche Holger , Nothnagel Michael , Thiele Holger , Sander Thomas , Meier Jochen C. , Schwarz Günter , Neubauer Bernd A. , Zimprich Fritz 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveTo test whether mutations in γ‐aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAA‐R) subunit genes contribute to the etiology of rolandic epilepsy (RE) or its atypical variants (ARE).MethodsWe performed exome sequencing to compare the frequency of variants in 18 GABAA‐R genes in 204 European patients with RE/ARE versus 728 platform‐matched controls. Identified GABRG2 variants were functionally assessed for protein stability, trafficking, postsynaptic clustering, and receptor function.ResultsOf 18 screened GABAA‐R genes, we detected an enrichment of rare variants in the GABRG2 gene in RE/ARE patients (5 of 204, 2.45%) in comparison to controls (1 of 723, 0.14%; odds ratio = 18.07, 95% confidence interval = 2.01–855.07, p = 0.0024, pcorr = 0.043). We identified a GABRG2 splice variant (c.549‐3T>G) in 2 unrelated patients as well as 3 nonsynonymous variations in this gene (p.G257R, p.R323Q, p.I389V). Functional assessment showed reduced surface expression of p.G257R and decreased GABA‐evoked currents for p.R323Q. The p.G257R mutation displayed diminished levels of palmitoylation, a post‐translational modification crucial for trafficking of proteins to the cell membrane. Enzymatically raised palmitoylation levels restored the surface expression of the p.G257R variant γ2 subunit.InterpretationThe statistical association and the functional evidence suggest that mutations of the GABRG2 gene may increase the risk of RE/ARE. Restoring the impaired membrane trafficking of some GABRG2 mutations by enhancing palmitoylation might be an interesting therapeutic approach to reverse the pathogenic effect of such mutants. Ann Neurol 2015;77:972–986
Rhodium‐Catalyzed [(3+2)+2] Carbocyclization of Alkynylidenecyclopropanes with Substituted Allenes: Stereoselective Construction of Tri‐ and Tetrasubstituted Exocyclic Olefins
Authors: Evans P. Andrew , Negru Daniela E. , Shang Deju 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe development of the stereoselective rhodium‐catalyzed [(3+2)+2] carbocyclization of alkynylidenecyclopropanes (ACPs) with substituted allenes is described. This work demonstrates that activated and unactivated allenes preferentially undergo carbometalation at the distal terminus to generate tri‐ and tetrasubstituted exocyclic olefins with a neutral rhodium catalyst. In addition, this method provides a strategy for the total synthesis of the guaiane family of sesquiterpenes, which are not directly accessible using alkynes as exogenous π‐components. Finally, the preparation of the bicyclo[5.4.0]undecane ring system using a homologated ACP tether serves to further illustrate the versatility of this approach.
Microimaging of Transient Concentration Profiles of Reactant and Product Molecules during Catalytic Conversion in Nanoporous Materials
Authors: Titze Tobias , Chmelik Christian , Kullmann Jens , Prager Lutz , Miersemann Erich , Gläser Roger , Enke Dirk , Weitkamp Jens , Kärger Jörg 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMicroimaging by IR microscopy is applied to the recording of the evolution of the concentration profiles of reactant and product molecules during catalytic reaction, notably during the hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexane by nickel dispersed within a nanoporous glass. Being defined as the ratio between the reaction rate in the presence of and without diffusion limitation, the effectiveness factors of catalytic reactions were previously determined by deliberately varying the extent of transport limitation by changing a suitably chosen system parameter, such as the particle size and by comparison of the respective reaction rates. With the novel options of microimaging, effectiveness factors become accessible in a single measurement by simply monitoring the distribution of the reactant molecules over the catalyst particles.
Fast and Simple Preparation of Iron‐Based Thin Films as Highly Efficient Water‐Oxidation Catalysts in Neutral Aqueous Solution
Authors: Wu Yizhen , Chen Mingxing , Han Yongzhen , Luo Hongxia , Su Xiaojun , Zhang Ming‐Tian , Lin Xiaohuan , Sun Junliang , Wang Lei , Deng Liang , Zhang Wei , Cao Rui 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWater oxidation is the key step in natural and artificial photosynthesis for solar‐energy conversion. As this process is thermodynamically unfavorable and is challenging from a kinetic point of view, the development of highly efficient catalysts with low energy cost is a subject of fundamental significance. Herein, we report on iron‐based films as highly efficient water‐oxidation catalysts. The films can be quickly deposited onto electrodes from FeII ions in acetate buffer at pH 7.0 by simple cyclic voltammetry. The extremely low iron loading on the electrodes is critical for improved atom efficiency for catalysis. Our results showed that this film could catalyze water oxidation in neutral phosphate solution with a turnover frequency (TOF) of 756 h−1 at an applied overpotential of 530 mV. The significance of this approach includes the use of earth‐abundant iron, the fast and simple method for catalyst preparation, the low catalyst loading, and the large TOF for O2 evolution in neutral aqueous media.
Aromatic Amide‐Derived Non‐Biaryl Atropisomers as Highly Efficient Ligands in Silver‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Cycloaddition Reactions
Authors: Bai Xing‐Feng , Song Tao , Xu Zheng , Xia Chun‐Gu , Huang Wei‐Sheng , Xu Li‐Wen 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe synthesis of a series of aromatic amide‐derived non‐biaryl atropisomers with a phosphine group and multiple stereogenic centers is reported. The novel phosphine ligands exhibit high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities (up to >99:1 d.r., 95–99 % ee) as well as yields in the silver‐catalyzed asymmetric [3+2] cycloaddition of aldiminoesters with nitroalkenes, which provides a highly enantioselective strategy for the synthesis of optically pure nitro‐substituted pyrrolidines. In addition, the experimental results with regard to the carbon stereogenic center as well as the amide stereochemistry confirmed the potential of hemilabile atropisomers as chiral ligand in catalytic asymmetric [3+2] cycloaddition reaction.
Thermal and shape memory properties of cyanate/polybutadiene epoxy/polysebacic polyanhydride copolymer
Authors: Wang Kun , Zhu Guangming , Wang Yongkun , Ren Fang 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTA novel thermal‐induced shape memory polymer was synthesized by copolymerization of a new kind of epoxy resin‐polybutadiene epoxy (PBEP), bisphenol A‐type cyanate ester (BACE), and polysebacic polyanhydride (PSPA) with different mass ratios. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), bending test, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and shape memory property were investigated systematically. It was found that the PSPA significantly enhanced the bending strength and flexural modulus. The DMA results showed that the glass transition temperature reduced with increasing content of PSPA. Furthermore, the shape memory tests proved that the copolymer possessed excellent shape memory properties. The shape recovery time decreased with increasing content of PSPA and temperature. The shape memory rate increased as the PSPA content increased. The shape recovery ratio decreased with increasing cycle times. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42045.
Changes and trends in maximum, minimum and mean temperature series in Iran
Authors: Ghasemi Ahmad Reza 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe variations of Iran temperature is studied during 1961–2010. Mann–Kendall tests show a general dominating positive temperature trend over most parts of Iran with the rate of change varying from 0.09 to 0.38 °C decade−1. Also, the minimum temperature increase (0.34 °C decade−1) is greater than maximum temperature (0.15 °C decade−1). A more definite trend of warming occurs in summer and spring than winter and autumn. Moreover, the results show that the warm climate regions in Iran are warming at a higher rate than cold climate regions. Pettitt's test also suggesting the abrupt upward change in mean annual temperature, occurs in the late 1990s.
Development of an in vivo glucosylation platform by coupling production to growth: Production of phenolic glucosides by a glycosyltransferase of Vitis vinifera
Authors: De Bruyn Frederik , De Paepe Brecht , Maertens Jo , Beauprez Joeri , De Cocker Pieter , Mincke Stein , Stevens Christian , De Mey Marjan 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTGlycosylation of small molecules can significantly alter their properties such as solubility, stability, and/or bioactivity, making glycosides attractive and highly demanded compounds. Consequently, many biotechnological glycosylation approaches have been developed, with enzymatic synthesis and whole‐cell biocatalysis as the most prominent techniques. However, most processes still suffer from low yields, production rates and inefficient UDP‐sugar formation. To this end, a novel metabolic engineering strategy is presented for the in vivo glucosylation of small molecules in Escherichia coli W. This strategy focuses on the introduction of an alternative sucrose metabolism using sucrose phosphorylase for the direct and efficient generation of glucose 1‐phosphate as precursor for UDP‐glucose formation and fructose, which serves as a carbon source for growth. By targeted gene deletions, a split metabolism is created whereby glucose 1‐phosphate is rerouted from the glycolysis to product formation (i.e., glucosylation). Further, the production pathway was enhanced by increasing and preserving the intracellular UDP‐glucose pool. Expression of a versatile glucosyltransferase from Vitis vinifera (VvGT2) enabled the strain to efficiently produce 14 glucose esters of various hydroxycinnamates and hydroxybenzoates with conversion yields up to 100%. To our knowledge, this fast growing (and simultaneously producing) E. coli mutant is the first versatile host described for the glucosylation of phenolic acids in a fermentative way using only sucrose as a cheap and sustainable carbon source. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 1594–1603. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Using HeLa cell stress response to introduce first year students to the scientific method, laboratory techniques, primary literature, and scientific writing
Authors: Resendes Karen K. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIncorporating scientific literacy into inquiry driven research is one of the most effective mechanisms for developing an undergraduate student's strength in writing. Additionally, discovery‐based laboratories help develop students who approach science as critical thinkers. Thus, a three‐week laboratory module for an introductory cell and molecular biology course that couples inquiry‐based experimental design with extensive scientific writing was designed at Westminster College to expose first year students to these concepts early in their undergraduate career. In the module students used scientific literature to design and then implement an experiment on the effect of cellular stress on protein expression in HeLa cells. In parallel the students developed a research paper in the style of the undergraduate journal BIOS to report their results. HeLa cells were used to integrate the research experience with the Westminster College “Next Chapter” first year program, in which the students explored the historical relevance of HeLa cells from a sociological perspective through reading The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks by Rebecca Skloot. In this report I detail the design, delivery, student learning outcomes, and assessment of this module, and while this exercise was designed for an introductory course at a small primarily undergraduate institution, suggestions for modifications at larger universities or for upper division courses are included. Finally, based on student outcomes suggestions are provided for improving the module to enhance the link between teaching students skills in experimental design and execution with developing student skills in information literacy and writing. © 2015 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 43(2):110–120, 2015.
Electrosynthesis of Metal–Organic Frameworks: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Al‐Kutubi Hanan , Gascon Jorge , Sudhölter Ernst J. R. , Rassaei Liza 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous crystalline materials consisting of metal ions bound through coordination bonds to organic linkers. Much research over the last few decades have been devoted to the synthesis of these materials in view of their promising applications in, for example, catalysis, separation, gas storage, drug delivery and sensing. Among the variety of methods developed for the synthesis of MOFs are electrochemical techniques. These methods have several advantages such as mild synthesis conditions, shorter synthesis times and the possibility to control the reaction conditions directly during the synthesis process. However, the progress of electrosynthesis methods has lagged behind that of other methods such as solvothermal and microwave‐assisted synthesis. In this Review, we summarise and critically assess research on the electrosynthesis of MOFs and provide a full picture of the developments within this field. The various ways in which electrochemistry has contributed to the synthesis of MOFs are explained, their strengths and shortcomings are discussed, and an outlook for future research is provided.
Asymmetric Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling for the Synthesis of Chiral Biaryl Compounds as Potential Monophosphine Ligands
Authors: Ma Yan‐Na , Yang Shang‐Dong 
Published: February 2015

AbstractEfficient asymmetric Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions have been employed for the first time to synthesize chiral biaryl compounds with phosphinate groups as chiral auxiliaries. A series of functionalized chiral biaryls are thereby synthesized in excellent yields and good diastereoselectivities (up to >95:5 d.r.) and axially chiral monophosphorus ligands are obtained through further functionalizations.
Supramolecular Capsules from Bilayer Membrane Scission Driven by Corannulene
Authors: Kim Yongju , Lee Myongsoo 
Published: February 2015

AbstractSelf‐assembly of polyaromatic systems has proved to be a powerful technique to construct nanoscale optoelectronic materials. However, attempts to develop self‐assembled nanomaterials guided by pristine polyaromatic molecules have been limited. Here the construction of photoactive nanocapsules through the scission of an aromatic bilayer membrane driven by curved corannulene intercalation is reported. The framework of the capsule consists of the lateral array of corannulene, a buckyball fragment. The supramolecular capsules exhibit photocatalytic activity to degrade encapsulated fluorescein dye molecules under sunlight irradiation.
Electronic Structure and Partial Charge Distribution of Doxorubicin in Different Molecular Environments
Authors: Poudel Lokendra , Wen Amy M. , French Roger H. , Parsegian V. Adrian , Podgornik Rudolf , Steinmetz Nicole F. , Ching Wai‐Yim 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe electronic structure and partial charge of doxorubicin (DOX) in three different molecular environments—isolated, solvated, and intercalated in a DNA complex—are studied by first‐principles density functional methods. It is shown that the addition of solvating water molecules to DOX, together with the proximity to and interaction with DNA, has a significant impact on the electronic structure as well as on the partial charge distribution. Significant improvement in estimating the DOX–DNA interaction energy is achieved. The results are further elucidated by resolving the total density of states and surface charge density into different functional groups. It is concluded that the presence of the solvent and the details of the interaction geometry matter greatly in determining the stability of DOX complexation. Ab initio calculations on realistic models are an important step toward a more accurate description of the long‐range interactions in biomolecular systems.
Biosynthetic Studies of the Male Marking Pheromone in Bumblebees by Using Labelled Fatty Acids and Two‐Dimensional Gas Chromatography with Mass Detection
Authors: Žáček Petr , Kindl Jiří , Frišonsová Kateřina , Průchová Markéta , Votavová Alena , Hovorka Oldřich , Kovalczuk Tomáš , Valterová Irena 
Published: February 2015

AbstractTwo‐dimensional comprehensive gas chromatography (GC×GC) coupled with mass detection was used as a tool for biosynthetic studies of bumblebee pheromones. Prior to biosynthetic experiments, the chromatographic behaviour of isotopically modified esters in the GC×GC system as well as their behaviour in mass detection was studied. The male marking pheromones of Bombus lucorum, Bombus lapidarius and Bombus terrestris were investigated. Main pheromonal components are ethyl tetradec‐9‐enoate (53 %) and ethyl dodecanoate (6 %) in B. lucorum, hexadec‐9‐en‐1‐ol (52 %) and hexadecan‐1‐ol (31 %) in B. lapidarius, and 2,3‐dihydrofarnesol (58 %) and ethyl dodecanoate (15 %) in B. terrestris. The research strategy was based on 1) in vivo incubation of isotopically (2H, 13C) modified fatty acids (FAs) and analysis of their metabolites and 2) feeding experiments with 2H‐ and 13C‐labelled FAs mixed with food. It was observed that labelled FAs were modified into the most abundant aliphatic compounds present in labial gland secretions. In feeding experiments, the labelled FAs were transformed into pheromone components. Transport of the FA precursors from the fat body through haemolymph was confirmed. The results show that FAs, stored in the form of triacylglycerols in the fat body, are likely to participate in the biosynthesis of some aliphatic pheromone components.
Click Reaction as a Tool to Combine Pharmacophores: The Case of Vismodegib
Authors: Christodoulou Michael S. , Mori Mattia , Pantano Rebecca , Alfonsi Romina , Infante Paola , Botta Maurizio , Damia Giovanna , Ricci Francesca , Sotiropoulou Panagiota A. , Liekens Sandra , Botta Bruno , Passarella Daniele 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe design and the preparation of a small library of 1,4‐diphenyl‐1,2,3‐triazole derivatives is reported, with the aim to obtain a new class of Hedgehog pathway inhibitors. The smoothened protein is part of the hedgehog signaling pathway that is inhibited by the lead compound Vismodegib. Based on molecular modeling simulations, seven triazole derivatives of Vismodegib are synthesized and their biological effect on different endothelial, cancer, and cancer stem cell lines is reported.
Ultrathin Surface Chemistry to Delay Anion Fouling
Authors: Machado Ruben , Blaszykowski Christophe , Sheikh Sonia , Suganuma Yoshinori , Thompson Michael 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe unwanted fouling of surfaces by ionic adsorption has received little research attention. In this context, ultrathin organic adlayer surface chemistry—featuring monoethylene glycol based molecular residues—is described that is capable of noticeably decreasing the rate of anion depletion from solution. The strategy is exemplified with glass as the substrate material and fluoride as the anion foulant.