bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of lurasidone across five symptom dimensions of schizophrenia: Pooled analysis of short-term, placebo-controlled studies
Authors: Loebel A. , Cucchiaro J. , Silva R. , Mao Y. , Xu J. , Pikalov A. , Marder S.R. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the efficacy of lurasidone for schizophrenia using an established five-factor model of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).Methods:Patient-level data were pooled from five randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 6-week studies of lurasidone (fixed doses, 40–160 mg/d) for patients with an acute exacerbation of schizophrenia. Changes in five established PANSS factors were assessed using mixed-model repeated measures analysis.Results:Compared with placebo (n = 496), lurasidone (n = 1029, dose groups pooled) significantly improved the PANSS total score at Week 6 (−22.6 vs. −12.8; P < 0.001; effect size, 0.45), as well as all factor scores (P < 0.001 for each): positive symptoms (−8.4 vs. −6.0; effect size, 0.43), negative symptoms (−5.2 vs. −3.3; effect size, 0.33), disorganized thought (−4.9 vs. −2.8; effect size, 0.42), hostility/excitement (−2.7 vs. −1.6; effect size, 0.31), and depression/anxiety (−3.2 vs. −2.3; effect size, 0.31). Separation from placebo occurred at Week 1 for the positive symptoms, disorganized thought, and hostility/excitement factors and at Week 2 for the other factors.Conclusions:In this pooled analysis of short-term studies in patients with acute schizophrenia, lurasidone demonstrated significant improvement for each of the five PANSS factor scores, indicating effectiveness across the spectrum of schizophrenia symptoms.
Childhood abuse in the etiological continuum underlying psychosis from first-episode psychosis to psychotic experiences
Authors: Alemany S. , Ayesa-Arriola R. , Arias B. , Fatjó-Vilas M. , Ibáñez M.I. , Ortet G. , Crespo-Facorro B. , Fañanás L. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractGoal:The present study aimed to examine the prevalence of child abuse across the continuum of psychosis.Patients and methods:The sample consisted of 198 individuals divided in three groups: (1) 48 FEP patients, (2) 77 individuals scoring high in Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE), classified as “High CAPE” group and (3) 73 individuals scoring low, classified as “Low CAPE” group. Childhood abuse was assessed using self-report instruments. Chi2 tests and logistic regression models controlling by sex, age and cannabis were used to perform three comparisons: (i) FEP vs. Low CAPE; (ii) FEP vs. High CAPE and (iii) High CAPE vs. Low CAPE.Results:The frequency of individuals exposed to childhood abuse for FEP, High CAPE and Low CAPE groups were 52.1%, 41.6% and 11%, respectively. FEP and High CAPE group presented significantly higher rates of childhood abuse compared to Low CAPE group, however, no significant differences were found between FEP and High CAPE groups regarding the frequency of childhood abuse.Conclusion:There is an increasing frequency of childhood abuse from low subclinical psychosis to FEP patients. However, childhood abuse is equally common in FEP and at risk individuals.
Association Study of the HTR2C, Leptin and Adiponectin Genes and Serum Marker Analyses in Clozapine Treated Long-Term Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Klemettilä J.-P. , Kampman O. , Seppälä N. , Viikki M. , Hämäläinen M. , Moilanen E. , Mononen N. , Lehtimäki T. , Leinonen E. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractClozapine treatment is associated with weight gain and cardio-metabolic consequences among patients with schizophrenia. Polymorphisms of leptin, serotonin receptor HTR2 C and adiponectin genes have been associated with antipsychotic-induced weight gain and metabolic comorbidity. However, the results of the studies so far are inconclusive. The aim of the present study was first to test for a possible role of serum leptin and adiponectin levels as a marker of weight gain in association with inflammatory cytokines/adipokines (IL-6, IL-1Ra, hs-CRP and adipsin), and second to study associations between SNPs LEP rs7799039 (-2548 A/G), ADIPOQ rs1501299 and HTR2 C rs1414334 and weight gain and levels of leptin and adiponectin, in 190 patients with schizophrenia on clozapine treatment, with retrospectively assessed weight change and cross-sectionally measured cytokine levels. A strong association was found between serum levels of leptin and weight gain and cytokines/adipokines related to metabolic comorbidity, especially among female patients (in women leptin vs. weight gain, IL-6 and IL-1Ra,P< 0.001; in men leptin vs. weight gain,P= 0.026, leptin vs. IL-1Ra,P< 0.001). In male patients low adiponectin level was a more specific marker of clozapine-induced weight gain (P= 0.037). The results of the present study do not support a major role of SNPs LEP rs7799039, ADIPOQ rs1501299 and HTR2 C rs1414334 in the regulation of weight gain or association of serum levels of leptin and adiponectin and corresponding studied SNPs in patients with schizophrenia on clozapine treatment.
Erfahrungen aus dem Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienst
Authors: Teichert Ute 
Published: October 2014

Einleitung
Dienst an der Öffentlichen Gesundheit wird tagtäglich von den Gesundheitsämtern vor Ort geleistet und trägt damit zur gesundheitlichen Versorgung der Bevölkerung bei. In der Regel steht der Öffentliche Gesundheitsdienst aber im Schatten der ambulanten Versorgung. Er rückt immer dann in den Fokus der Medien, wenn die Öffentlichkeit mit den Gefahren und Herausforderungen von Pandemien konfrontiert wird oder zur Vermeidung von Hygienemängeln in Arztpraxen, Kliniken und Heimen die Forderung nach verstärkten Kontrollen durch die Gesundheitsämter erhoben werden. Nachwuchsmangel und fehlende Nachbesetzung von offenen Stellen sind die aktuellen Herausforderungen, mit denen sich die Gesundheitsämter heute vor Ort konfrontiert sehen. Erst wenn diese Probleme beseitigt werden, kann eine flächendeckende gesundheitliche Versorgung der Bevölkerung mit einem leistungsfähigen öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienst auch für morgen gesichert werden.
Lenzgesund – quartiersbezogene Gesundheitsförderung durch den kommunalen ÖGD
Authors: Trojan Alf , Lorentz Christian 
Published: October 2014

Einleitung
Langfristige Kooperationen zwischen Gesundheitsämtern, Einrichtungen der Praxis und Forschungseinrichtungen sind immer noch recht selten. In mehr als 10jähriger gemeinsamer Arbeit hat das Gesundheitsamt des Hamburger Bezirks Eimsbüttel mit zahlreichen Kooperationspartnern und dem Institut für Medizin-Soziologie in der Lenzsiedlung, einem multi-kulturellen Quartier (3.000 Einw.) mit besonderem Unterstützungsbedarf, umfangreiche Maßnahmen quartiersbezogener Gesundheitsförderung durchgeführt und teilweise nachhaltig etabliert.
Characterization of Medical Care at the 161-km Western States Endurance Run
Authors: McGowan Vanessa , Hoffman Martin D. 
Published: October 2014

Objective To examine the medical care at a highly competitive 161-km mountain ultramarathon. Methods Encounter forms from the 2010 through 2013 Western States Endurance Run were analyzed for trends in consultation and use of intravenous fluids. Results A total of 63 consultations (8.2% of starters) were documented in 2012 and 2013, of which 10% involved noncompetitors. Most (77%) of the consultations with competitors occurred on the course rather than at the finish line, and were generally during the middle third of the race. Of the on-course consultations, the runner was able to continue the race 55% of the time, and 75% of those who continued after consultation ultimately finished the race. Relative number of consultations did not differ among competitors within 10-year age groups ( P = .7) or between men and women ( P = .2). Overall, consultations for medical issues were predominant, and nausea and vomiting accounted for the single highest reason for consultation (24%). Although there was an overall decrease in finish line consultations and intravenous fluid use from 2010 through 2013 ( P < .0001 for both) that was independent of maximum ambient temperature ( P = .3 and P = .4), the proportion of those being treated with intravenous fluids relative to those receiving consultation at the finish line was directly related to maximum ambient temperature ( r = .93, P = .037). Both 2012 and 2013 had a single medical emergency that required emergency evacuation. Conclusions This work demonstrates that the medical needs in a 161-km ultramarathon are mostly for minor issues. However, occasional serious issues arise that warrant a well-organized medical system.
Vulnerable Populations: Hurricane Katrina as a Case Study
Authors: Zoraster Richard M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMitigating disaster impact requires identifying risk factors. The increased vulnerability of the physically fragile is easily understood. Less obvious are the socio-economic risk factors, especially within relatively affluent societies. Hurricane Katrina demonstrated many of these risks within the United States.These factors include poverty, home ownership, poor English language proficiency, ethnic minorities, immigrant status, and high-density housing. These risk factors must be considered when planning for disaster preparation, mitigation, and response.
Parent-to-Parent Support for Parents With Children Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing: A Conceptual Framework
Authors: Henderson Rebecca J. , Johnson Andrew , Moodie Sheila 
Published: October 2014

Background
Parent-to-parent support for parents with children who are deaf or hard of hearing (D/HH) is identified as an important component of Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI) programs for children with hearing loss.

Purpose
The specific aim of this review was to identify the constructs and components of parent-to-parent support for parents of children who are D/HH.

Research Design
An extensive scoping literature review identified 39 peer-reviewed articles published from 2000 to 2014. Studies were selected and reviewed based on standardized procedures.

Results
Data were identified, extracted, and organized into libraries of thematic and descriptive content. A conceptual framework of parent-to-parent support for parents of children who are D/HH was developed and presented in a comprehensive, bidirectional informational graphic. The constructs and components of the conceptual framework are (a) well-being: parent, family, and child; (b) knowledge: advocacy, system navigation, and education; and (c) empowerment: confidence and competence.

Conclusion
The findings from this scoping review led to the development of a structured conceptual framework of parent-to-parent support for parents of children who are D/HH. The conceptual framework provides an important opportunity to explore and clearly define the vital contribution of parents in EHDI programs.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6170177
Individual Differences in Susceptibility to the McGurk Effect: Links With Lipreading and Detecting Audiovisual Incongruity
Authors: Strand Julia , Cooperman Allison , Rowe Jonathon , Simenstad Andrea 
Published: October 2014

PurposePrior studies (e.g., Nath & Beauchamp, 2012) report large individual variability in the extent to which participants are susceptible to the McGurk effect, a prominent audiovisual (AV) speech illusion. The current study evaluated whether susceptibility to the McGurk effect (MGS) is related to lipreading skill and whether multiple measures of MGS that have been used previously are correlated. In addition, it evaluated the test–retest reliability of individual differences in MGS.MethodSeventy-three college-age participants completed 2 tasks measuring MGS and 3 measures of lipreading skill. Fifty-eight participants returned for a 2nd session (approximately 2 months later) in which MGS was tested again.ResultsThe current study demonstrated that MGS shows high test–retest reliability and is correlated with some measures of lipreading skill. In addition, susceptibility measures derived from identification tasks were moderately related to the ability to detect instances of AV incongruity.ConclusionsAlthough MGS is often cited as a demonstration of AV integration, the results suggest that perceiving the illusion depends in part on individual differences in lipreading skill and detecting AV incongruity. Therefore, individual differences in susceptibility to the illusion are not solely attributable to individual differences in AV integration ability.
Evaluating a New Paradigm for Comparing Surface Disinfection in Clinical Practice
Authors: Carling Philip C. , Perkins Jennifer , Ferguson JoAnn , Thomasser Anita 
Published: October 2014

Background.Despite an increasing understanding of the importance of near-patient surfaces in the transmission of healthcare-associated pathogens, there remains a need to define the relative clinical effectiveness of disinfection interventionsDesign.A serial 2-phase evaluation of the clinical effectiveness of 2 surface disinfectants.Setting.A general acute care hospital.Methods.A unique system for quantifying bioburden reduction while monitoring the possible impact of differences in cleaning thoroughness was used to compare the clinical effectiveness of a traditional quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) and a novel peracetic acid/hydrogen peroxide disinfectant (ND) as part of terminal room cleaning.Results.As a result of QAC cleaning, 93 (40%) of 237 cleaned surfaces confirmed by fluorescent marker (DAZO) removal were found to have complete removal of aerobic bioburden. During the ND phase of the study, bioburden was removed from 211 (77%) of 274 cleaned surfaces. Because there was no difference in the thoroughness of cleaning with either disinfectant (65.3% and 66.4%), the significant (P > .0001) difference in bioburden reduction can be attributed to better cleaning efficacy with the ND.Conclusions.In the context of the study design, the ND was 1.93 times more effective in removing bacterial burden than the QAC (P > .0001). Furthermore, the study design represents a new research paradigm in which 2 interventions can be compared by concomitantly and objectively analyzing both the product and process variables in a manner that can be used to define the relative effectiveness of all disinfection cleaning interventions.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;35(11):1349–1355
On Technological Change in Crop Yields
Authors: Tolhurst Tor N. , Ker Alan P. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTechnological changes in agriculture tend to alter the mass associated with segments or components of the yield distribution as opposed to simply shifting the entire distribution upwards. We propose modeling crop yields using mixtures with embedded trend functions to account for potentially different rates of technological change in different components of the yield distribution. By doing so we can test some interesting and previously untested hypotheses about the data generating process of yields. For example: (1) is the rate of technological change equivalent across components, and (2) are the probabilities of components constant over time? Our results—technological change is not equivalent across components and probabilities tend not to have changed significantly over time—have implications for modeling yields. We find estimated conditional yield densities are quite different when unique trend functions are embedded inside the mixture components versus estimating the same mixture with detrended data. Also, we prove different rates of technological change in different components lead to nonconstant variance with respect to time (i.e., heteroscedasticity). We present two applications of the proposed yield model. The first application considers climate determinants of component membership, where our results are consistent with the literature for climate determinants of yields. The second application compares the proposed yield model to USDA's current rating methodology for area‐yield crop insurance contracts and finds the proposed model may lead to more accurate rates.
FungiFun2: a comprehensive online resource for systematic analysis of gene lists from fungal species
Authors: Priebe Steffen , Kreisel Christian , Horn Fabian , Guthke Reinhard , Linde Jörg 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSummary : Systematically extracting biological meaning from omics data is a major challenge in systems biology. Enrichment analysis is often used to identify characteristic patterns in candidate lists. FungiFun is a user-friendly Web tool for functional enrichment analysis of fungal genes and proteins. The novel tool FungiFun2 uses a completely revised data management system and thus allows enrichment analysis for 298 currently available fungal strains published in standard databases. FungiFun2 offers a modern Web interface and creates interactive tables, charts and figures, which users can directly manipulate to their needs.Availability and implementation: FungiFun2, examples and tutorials are publicly available at https://elbe.hki-jena.de/fungifun/ .Contact : steffen.priebe@hki-jena.de or joerg.linde@hki-jena.de
Population status and threats to Flesh-footed Shearwaters (Puffinus carneipes) in South and Western Australia
Authors: Lavers Jennifer L. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSeabirds are considered reliable indicators of the marine environment due to their reliance on ocean-based resources and position at the top of the marine foodweb. The status of the world's bird populations have deteriorated over the past 20 years with seabirds declining faster than any other bird group. For some seabird species, a lack of data or synthesis of available data limits our ability to detect changes in population trends and gain insight into the condition of the surrounding marine environment. The Flesh-footed Shearwater (FFSH; Puffinus carneipes) exemplifies this with demographic and count data either absent or outdated for most breeding islands. Results of a survey of 20 FFSH breeding islands in South and Western Australia during 2011–2014, and a synthesis of all available data indicate the current global population is substantially smaller than previously thought, comprising no more than 74 000 breeding pairs. While much of the reduction in numbers is due to outdated burrow counts which are shown to be a poor measure of population size in this species, there is evidence of a decline in numbers on at least six islands that account for ∼40% of the world's population. A review of novel and existing data on FFSH breeding habits (burrow occupancy and density), concurrent threats, and population size in South and Western Australia are presented here along with priorities for management of this declining marine predator.
A development of ecological risk screening with an application to fisheries off SW England
Authors: Cotter John , Lart William , de Rozarieux Nathan , Kingston Al , Caslake Richard , Le Quesne Will , Jennings Simon , Caveen Alex , Brown Mary 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
A development of the ecological risk screening (ERS) technique, scale intensity and consequence analysis (SICA), is described and application to the varied fisheries and ecosystem off the southwest of England on behalf of an industry steering group (SG) is summarized. The purpose was to prioritize ecological risks systematically and consistently in relation to policy goals agreed by the SG. Scientists listed and advised on ecosystem components, their units (individual species, stocks, habitats, or communities) and attributes, as well as agents of change in the SW, their activities, and generalized effects relevant to the policy goals. A working group (WG) of fishers, fishery observers, technical advisors, and marine scientists paired each unit with the activity thought most likely to impact the most sensitive policy goal, then scored risk according to defined rules spatially, temporally, and as intensity and duration of effects. The geometric mean of the four scores, slightly adjusted for unscored factors if necessary, was the relative impact score (RIS). With this standardized method, the main aspects of risk were considered separately and independently, thereby assisting objective prioritization. Nineteen unit–activity pairs were listed as priority risks (RIS &gt;3) in the SW region during a 2-d meeting that fully exploited the wide range of information and experience available at the WG. Socio-economics was not considered. The ERS for the SW was designed to be compatible with other similar ERSs that might be carried out for neighbouring marine regions. ERS can minimize extra monitoring needed for ecosystem management and, in principle, collaborating non-fishery agents of change could be included. By engaging all stakeholders in the setting of initial priorities for action and by assembling all available sources of information, ERS offers a useful starting point for holistic ecosystem management.
How is Food Political? Market, State, and Knowledge
Authors: Herring Ronald J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA political economy of food is, somewhat ironically, especially dependent on politics of ideas. Food as commodity certainly exhibits familiar forces of contention in political economy—the relative weights of interests contesting boundaries between state and market—but generates a distinctive politics for interrelated reasons. First, the urgency of food provisioning reflects biological necessity, not mere preference. Consequently, production and distribution animate a politics of security, rights, and social justice, and thereby special potential for collective action and contentious politics. Second, food engages deeply held cultural norms and ethical standards that transcend the politics of interest characteristic of less charged commodities. Finally, a looming sense of crisis and uncertainty in sustainability of global food production has made technical discourses dependent on expertise and science more indispensable but simultaneously more contentious—and transnational in scope. Expertise looms ever larger but has not depoliticized the production, consumption, and distribution of food.
The State of Framing Research
Authors: Scheufele Dietram A. , Iyengar Shanto 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
This chapter provides an assessment of the state of research on framing, and examines how the concept of framing has been used across different disciplines. Using this overview, the authors explore two of the most common conceptual misunderstandings related to framing and their implications for political communication research. This includes an overview of the different approaches to framing in political communication research, more specifically, and of the relationship between framing and related effects models, such as priming and agenda setting. The authors conclude with a recommendation that framing research be redirected away from confounded “emphasis frames” toward “equivalence frames” in the original tradition by expanding the sample of potential frames to include nonverbal visual cues.
Nowhere to Go
Authors: Katz Elihu 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
This chapter raises three sorts of questions about the much-vaunted concept and practice of “deliberative democracy.” It asks, normatively, whether this form of governance is more desirable than, say “representative democracy.” Theoretically, it asks whether the small-group discussions that it implies are adequately theorized as part of a larger system of decision-making involving political parties, public opinion, parliaments, etc. Questioning the viability of some of the basic assumptions implicit in citizen deliberation, a partial review of relevant empirical research provides both positive and negative answers.