bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing landslide susceptibility mapping using a positive-unlabeled machine learning approach: a case study in Chamoli, India
Authors: Zhang Danrong , Jindal Dipali , Roy Nimisha , Vangla Prashanth , Frost J. David 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The Indian Himalayas' susceptibility to landslides, particularly as a location where climate change effects may be event catalysts, necessitates the development of dependable landslide susceptibility maps (LSM).

Method
This study diverges from traditional binary classification models, framing LSM as a positive-unlabeled learning problem. This approach acknowledges that regions without recorded landslides are not necessarily at low risk but could simply have not experienced landslides yet. The study utilizes novel positive-unlabeled learning-enhanced algorithms—Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbor, and Decision Tree—to create LSM for Chamoli district, India. Eleven causative factors for landslides are identified, including elevation, aspect, slope, geology, geomorphology, distance to lineament, lithology, NDVI, distance to river, distance to road and residential land use. To address spatial correlation biases, instead of randomly splitting the dataset, the study adopts spatial splitting to get the training and testing datasets.

Conclusion
The study reveals that positive-unlabeled learning substantially improves the Area Under Curve and recall, leading to a more conservative LSM compared to binary classification methods. Analysis shows that the southern region of Chamoli exhibits high recall but lower accuracy, suggesting a latent high landslide susceptibility despite a lack of historical landslides in this region. The study also quantifies the impact of human activity on landslide risk, indicating an elevated threat to life and the local economy, especially in Chamoli's southwestern areas.
Unveiling the influence of salinity on bacterial microbiome assembly of halophytes and crops
Authors: Abdelfadil Mohamed R. , Patz Sascha , Kolb Steffen , Ruppel Silke 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Climate change and anthropogenic activities intensify salinity stress impacting significantly on plant productivity and biodiversity in agroecosystems. There are naturally salt-tolerant plants (halophytes) that can grow and withstand such harsh conditions. Halophytes have evolved along with their associated microbiota to adapt to hypersaline environments. Identifying shared microbial taxa between halophyte species has rarely been investigated. We performed a comprehensive meta-analysis using the published bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequence datasets to untangle the rhizosphere microbiota structure of two halophyte groups and non-halophytes. We aimed for the identification of marker taxa of plants being adapted to a high salinity using three independent approaches.

Results
Fifteen studies met the selection criteria for downstream analysis, consisting of 40 plants representing diverse halophyte and non-halophyte species. Microbiome structural analysis revealed distinct compositions for halophytes that face high salt concentrations in their rhizosphere compared to halophytes grown at low salt concentrations or from non-halophytes. For halophytes grown at high salt concentrations, we discovered three bacterial genera that were independently detected through the analysis of the core microbiome, key hub taxa by network analysis and random forest analysis. These genera were Thalassospira, Erythrobacter, and Marinobacter.

Conclusions
Our meta-analysis revealed that salinity level is a critical factor in affecting the rhizosphere microbiome assembly of plants. Detecting marker taxa across high-halophytes may help to select Bacteria that might improve the salt tolerance of non-halophytic plants.
The Relational Approach to Treating Self-Harm (RELATE): study protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled trial study of cognitive analytic therapy for adults who self-harm versus treatment at usual
Authors: Taylor Peter James , Adeyemi Isabel , Marlow Katie , Cottam Sarah , Airnes Zerena , Hartley Samantha , Howells Victoria , Dunn Barnaby D. , Elliott Rachel A. , Hann Mark , Latham Cameron , Robinson Catherine , Turpin Clive , Kellett Stephen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Self-harm is a prevalent behaviour that has a major detrimental impact on a person’s life. Psychological therapies have the potential to help, but evidence of effective interventions remains limited. Access and acceptability of interventions can also be a significant challenge, with individuals either being unable to access help or having to endure long waiting lists. Cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) is a time-limited and relationally-focused psychotherapy that may provide a valuable treatment option for people who self-harm. This protocol outlines the methodology for the first feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT) of CAT for adults that self-harm. The trial will aim to determine the feasibility, acceptability and safety of undertaking larger-scale evaluations of CAT for self-harm within an RCT context.

Method
An RCT design with 1:1 allocation to CAT plus treatment as usual (TAU) or TAU alone. Participants will be adult outpatients with three or more instances of self-harm in the past year (target sample of n = 60). CAT will be 8 one-to-one weekly 60-min sessions plus a follow-up session up to 8 weeks after the last session. Assessments will occur at baseline, 12 weeks and 18 weeks after randomisation. Qualitative interviews with participants will gain insights into the feasibility and acceptability of CAT. Feasibility outcomes will be judged against progression criteria.

Discussion
CAT may be an effective and accessible treatment option for people who self-harm, providing a more relationally orientated alternative to more behavioural therapies. The proposed feasibility RCT is an important first step in evaluating CAT as a treatment for self-harm.

Trial registration
The trial was pre-registered (21/10/22) on ISR CTN (ISRCTN code: ISRCTN75661422).
Prognosis and characteristics of Corynebacterium exit site infection: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Sugita Kazuya , Washida Naoki , Takahashi Jyunji , Tsunematsu Masashi , Hosoya Kozi , Ito Jun , Suzuki Yutaka , Uchiyama Kiyotaka 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Corynebacterium is a rare but important cause of peritoneal dialysis (PD)-associated infection. A previous study reported that continued antibiotic use at the exit site is associated with increased Corynebacterium exit site infection (ESI), although the latest International Society of Peritoneal Dialysis guideline recommends its use. This study aims to verify the prognosis of Corynebacterium-associated PD-related infections, focusing on ESI.

Methods
We conducted a single-center, retrospective study about ESI, tunnel infection (TI), and PD-associated peritonitis due to Corynebacterium between April 2018 and January 2023. We primarily examined the prognosis and characteristics of Corynebacterium ESI.

Results
In this study, we included 125 patients with PD (mean age at PD onset: 69.4 ± 13.7 years, 71.2% male, 48% diabetic, mean estimated glomerular filtration rate at the introduction of PD 7.4 ± 2.6 ml/min/1.73 m2, total follow-up 179.6 patient dialysis year). Between April 2018 and January 2023, 191 cases of ESI, 62 cases of Corynebacterium ESI in 24 patients, 10 cases of TI, and 32 cases of PD-associated peritonitis were detected. In total, 16 of 24 patients with Corynebacterium-associated ESI tested positive for Corynebacterium multiple times in cultures against the exit site, with a maximum of eight times. The estimated glomerular filtration rate during PD introduction was relatively lower in patients with Corynebacterium-associated ESI than in patients without ESI (6.4 versus 7.9 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively; P = 0.052). Although three of the Corynebacterium ESI cases progressed to TI, there were no cases that progressed directly to PD-associated peritonitis.

Conclusions
Corynebacterium-associated ESI progresses to TI with a certain probability; however, it is thought that it rarely progresses to PD-associated peritonitis directly.
Exploring the linguistic complexity of third-grade numerical literacy
Authors: Shalit Ella , Dotan Dror 
Published: July 2024

AbstractReading numbers aloud, a central aspect of numerical literacy, is a challenging skill to acquire, but the origins of this difficulty remain poorly understood. To investigate this matter, we examined the performance of 127 third- and fourth-grade children who read aloud, in Hebrew, numbers with 2–5 digits. We found several key observations. First, we observed a substantial variation among the 3rd graders—7% and 59% errors in the top and bottom deciles, respectively. Second, the task difficulty stemmed from syntactic processing: Most errors were distortions of the number’s syntax, as opposed to digit substitutions or transpositions, and the main factor affecting a specific number’s difficulty was not its magnitude, as is commonly assumed, but rather its syntactic structure. Third, number reading performance was not predicted by a school-like task that assessed syntactic-conceptual knowledge of the decimal system structure, but rather by knowledge of specific syntactic-verbal rules, suggesting that the syntactic-verbal knowledge is separate from the syntactic-conceptual knowledge. Last, there was a double dissociation between 4-digit numbers and 5-digit numbers, which in Hebrew have completely different syntactic structures: Half of the children showed a significant advantage in one number length compared to the other, with equal numbers of children preferring either length. This indicates that the different syntactic-verbal rules are learned relatively independently of each other, with little or no generalization from one rule to another. In light of these findings, we propose that schools should specifically teach number reading, with focus on specific syntactic-verbal rules.
Evaluation of junctional zone differential and ratio as possible markers of clinical efficacy in uterine artery embolisation of adenomyosis
Authors: Turtóczki Kolos , Cho Hyunsoo , Dastaran Sorour , Kaposi Pál N. , Tömösváry Zoltán , Várbíró Szabolcs , Ács Nándor , Kalina Ildikó , Bérczi Viktor 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Uterine artery embolisation is a recommended method of adenomyosis treatment with good clinical results. Changes in uterine volume and maximal junctional zone thickness (JZmax) after embolisation are thoroughly analyzed in the literature. In contrast changes in other suggested morphological diagnostic markers of adenomyosis (junctional zone differential / JZdiff—and junctional zone ratio / JZratio) are rarely evaluated. This single-centre retrospective study aimed to analyse the changes in morphological parameters used for the MR imaging diagnosis of adenomyosis (including JZdiff and JZratio) after UAE. Clinical effectiveness and safety were also analysed.

Materials and methods
Patients who underwent UAE for pure adenomyosis from Jan 2008 to Dec 2021 were evaluated. Adenomyosis was diagnosed based on JZmax, JZdiff, and JZratio measured on MR imaging. To assess clinical efficacy, the numerical-analog-quality-of-life (QoL) score was routinely obtained from patients at our centre. MRI morphological data were analysed. Statistical analysis was conducted using Wilcoxon signed-rank test, uni- and multivariate regression models, Pearson product-moment correlation, and Kruskal–Wallis tests.

Results
From our database of 801 patients who underwent UAE between Jan 2008 to Dec 2021, preprocedural MR images were available in 577 cases and, 15 patients had pure adenomyosis (15/577, 2.6%). Uterine volume, JZmax, and JZdiff decreased significantly after UAE; QoL score increased significantly. A significant correlation was found between QoL change vs. JZmax and JZdiff change. Permanent amenorrhoea and elective hysterectomy 5 years after UAE were both 7.1%.

Conclusion
Change of JZdiff after UAE in adenomyosis is a potential marker of clinical success. UAE is a clinically safe and effective treatment for adenomyosis.

Graphical Abstract
Endovascular treatment of primary M3 occlusion stroke in clinical practice: analysis of the German Stroke Registry
Authors: Beckonert Niklas M. , Weller Johannes M. , Alegiani Anna C. , Boeckh-Behrens Tobias , Deb-Chatterji Milani , Hamann Gerhard F. , Krause Lars U. , Lehnen Nils C. , Nitsch Louisa , Poli Sven , Riedel Christian , Tiedt Steffen , Zweynert Sarah , Petzold Gabor C. , Dorn Franziska , Bode Felix J. ,   on behalf of the GSR-ET investigators, Berrouschot J , Bohner G , Borggrefe J , Bormann A , Braun M , Eckert B , Ernemann U , Ernst MS , Fiehler J , Gerloff C , Gröschel K , Hattingen J , Henn KH , Keil F , Kellert L , Kraemer C , Liman J , Ludolph A , Muehl-Benninghaus R , Nikoubashman O , Nolte C , Petersen M , Reich A , Röther J , Schäfer JH , Schell M , Schellinger P , Siebert E , Stögbauer F , Thomalla G , Trumm C , Uphaus T , Wunderlich S 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Endovascular treatment (ET) options for acute stroke due to distal middle cerebral artery occlusions are rapidly evolving, but data on outcome and safety are sparse. We therefore performed an analysis of patients undergoing ET for primary M3 occlusions in routine clinical practice in a nationwide registry.

Methods
Patients enrolled between 01/20 and 12/21 in the prospective, multicenter German Stroke Registry-Endovascular Treatment (GSR-ET) were screened for mechanical thrombectomy performed for primary M3 occlusion. We analyzed neurological deficit as measured by the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), thrombectomy technique, successful reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction [mTICI] score of 2b-3) and functional outcome as measured by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at discharge and 90 days.

Results
Out of 5574 patients, 11 patients (0.2%, median age 80 years, 54.5% female) underwent ET for primary M3 occlusion. All patients had pre-admission mRS ≤ 1, median NIHSS on admission was 8, and successful reperfusion was achieved in 6/11 patients (54.5%). While no vasospasm, dissection or perforation was reported, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 2 patients (18.2%). Favorable outcome (mRS ≤ 2) was achieved in 6/11 patients (54.5%) at 90-day follow-up.

Conclusions
ET for primary M3 occlusions is rarely performed. While technically feasible, the procedure’s potential benefits must be carefully weighed against its associated risks, including clinically relevant complications. Caution and further research is needed to optimize patient selection for this intervention.

Trial Registration
GSR-ET; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03356392; Trial Registration Date: 11/29/2017.
Effect of a nursing educational program on competency and parenting practices among parents having children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Elaleem Alaa El Din Moustafa Hamed Abd , Osman Zeinab Abd El Halim , El-Fatah Wafaa Osman Abd 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a common condition most prevalent among children worldwide. When it comes to parenting, parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder exhibit lower competency and more negative parenting behaviors than parents of children without the disease. This randomized controlled trial aimed to assess the effect of a nursing educational program on competency and practices among parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Methods
A total of 50 parents, most of whom were mothers with children aged between 5 and 10 years and previously diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, were chosen at random and split into equal study and control groups. The study group received eight sessions of the nursing educational program, with each session lasting 60 to 90 min, while the control group only received routine interventions.

Results
The results of the current study show statistically significant differences between the study group and control group in terms of positive parenting practices, negative parenting practices, over-reactive practices, functional family practices, interactive practices, satisfactory parenting sense of competency, and effectiveness of parenting sense of competency.

Conclusion
The nursing educational program presents benefits in improving parenting practices and enhancing parenting sense of competency among parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Covert hepatic encephalopathy: a neglected topic—a narrative review
Authors: Elbadry Mohamed , Baki Amin Abdel , bakr Asmaa , Elhamrawy Eman A. , Abdel-Tawab Hayam , Aish Abdelghany , Nooh Israa , Adel Abdulmoneim , Soliman Moataz Y. , Mohammed Nessren , Zaky Samy 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCovert hepatic encephalopathy (CHE) is a form of cerebral dysfunction that affects 30–40% of patients with liver cirrhosis as a grave sequel of disease progression. Although being a silent condition, yet; CHE has been reported as seriously predictive for the development of overt hepatic encephalopathy. Covert hepatic encephalopathy is said to conclude grades (0 and 1) hepatic encephalopathy in West Heaven grading of hepatic encephalopathy, hence; inferring to discrete deficits in attention, cognition, and motor control, strongly associated with poorer quality of private and social aspects of the patients’ life. Clinical recognition of cases of CHE is such a tedious task that unluckily devoid of discernment. Worthwhile; the battery of neuropsychometric tests widely known as the only tool to identify CHE can give abnormal results without specifying the cause of brain dysfunction Therefore, dedicated history-taking and clinical evaluation of liver cirrhosis patients are still the cornerstones that should unify other diagnostic tools to identify those patients at risk of developing overt hepatic encephalopathy. Diagnosis of CHE is challenging and often neglected in clinical practice, so the aim of this review is to improve our approach to CHE and begin a unified effort for the advancement of CHE through studying easy, fast, and reliable psychometric diagnostic tests to meet our clinical needs.
Computational investigation of the anticancer potential of
Sorghum bicolor
and
Setaria italica
phytochemicals against dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) enzyme
Authors: Verma Akriti , Gupta Anshika , Katiyar Kalpana 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Breast and prostate cancer holds the position of foremost contributors to mortality. Dietary therapies for accompanied by medication are widely recognized as a potential method to successfully tackle cancer. Millet grains are the most ancient food, a perfect combination of proteins, carbohydrates, fiber, macronutrients, micronutrients, and vitamins. This study aims to examine the anticancer potential of
Sorghum bicolor
(Sorghum) and
Setaria italica
(Foxtail) phytochemicals. The 50 phytochemicals of sorghum and foxtail millets were retrieved through a literature survey and docked to the Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), an enzyme essential for cell growth and proliferation. The top-scoring phytochemicals were filtered and further investigated with active-site residue interaction, drug-likeness, and pharmacokinetics analysis. The ligand stability with the DHFR was evaluated through density functional theory (DFT) based HOMO and LUMO calculations. The results show that caffeic acid, ferulic acid, hesperetic acid, stigmasterol, Cis-p-Coumaric acid, and luteolinidin attained greater stability within the active site of DHFR. These phytochemicals showed a docking score of − 6.4 kcal/mol, − 6.4 kcal/mol, − 6.1 kcal/mol, − 6.4 kcal/mol, − 5.4 kcal/mol, and − 6.7 kcal/mol with DHFR (PDB ID:1BOZ) and flutamide and capecitabine have docking score of − 7.5 and − 8.1 for 1BOZ and − 7.4 and − 7.1 with DHFR (PDB ID:1OHK) respectively. The dynamic interaction at the molecular level validated the stability of these phytochemicals against both DHFR target proteins along with excellent drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic properties. However, the current findings were proven and validated through in-silico experiments to validate above identified phytochemicals as DHFR inhibitors, so millets are used as therapeutics for breast and prostate cancer.
Effects of Intranasal Naloxone on Hypoglycemia-associated Autonomic Failure in Susceptible Individuals
Authors: Aleksic Sandra , Lontchi-Yimagou Eric , Mitchell William , Boyle Caroline , Matias Priyanka , Manavalan Anjali , Goyal Akankasha , Carey Michelle , Gabriely Ilan , Hawkins Meredith 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Context
Hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure (HAAF), defined as blunting of counterregulatory hormone and symptom responses to recurrent hypoglycemia, remains a therapeutic challenge in diabetes treatment. The opioid system may play a role in HAAF pathogenesis since activation of opioid receptors induces HAAF. Blockade of opioid receptors with intravenous naloxone ameliorates HAAF experimentally yet is not feasible therapeutically.

Objective
To investigate the effects of opioid receptor blockade with intranasal naloxone on experimentally induced HAAF.

Design
Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover study.

Setting
Academic research center.

Participants
Healthy nondiabetic volunteers.

Interventions
Paired 2-day studies, 5 to 10 weeks apart, each consisting of 3 consecutive hypoglycemic episodes (hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic clamps, glucose nadir: 54 mg/dL): 2 on day 1 with administration of intranasal naloxone vs placebo, followed by the third episode on day 2.

Main Outcome Measures
Differences in counterregulatory hormones responses and hypoglycemia symptoms between first and third hypoglycemic episodes in naloxone vs placebo studies.

Results
Out of 17 participants, 9 developed HAAF, confirming variable interindividual susceptibility. Among participants susceptible to HAAF, naloxone maintained some hormonal and symptomatic responses to hypoglycemia and prevented the associated requirement for increased glucose infusion. Unexpectedly, naloxone reduced plasma epinephrine and GH responses to the first hypoglycemic episode but prevented further reduction with subsequent hypoglycemia.

Conclusion
This is the first study to report that intranasal naloxone, a widely used opioid receptor antagonist, may ameliorate some features of HAAF. Further investigation is warranted into mechanisms of variable interindividual susceptibility to HAAF and the effects of intranasal naloxone in people with diabetes at risk for HAAF.
Type 1 Diabetes in a Pediatric Patient With Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome
Authors: Ehsan Lubaina , Anz Reem , Asebes Hannah , Nickson Nikoli , Ergun-Longmire Berrin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a genetic overgrowth syndrome with multiple clinical manifestations, including hypoglycemia. Various genetic alterations leading to BWS have been described. Literature has also described the association between BWS and congenital diabetes, but little is known about the association with type 1 diabetes (T1D). We report a 4-year-old female patient with co-occurring BWS and T1D. The patient presented with 2.4-kilogram weight loss in 3 months accompanied by headache, polyuria, and polydipsia. Initial workup showed blood glucose of 681 mg/dL (37.8 mmol/L). Additional workup revealed marked elevation of the glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 and insulin antibodies, confirming the diagnosis of T1D. The patient's initial genetic test results revealed BWS caused by hypomethylation of the imprinting center 2 (IC2) found on maternal chromosome 11. Concurrence of BWS and T1D is rare and there are cases previously described where BWS has co-occurred with congenital diabetes but not T1D. Although the etiology of acquired autoimmunity is unclear, the answer may lie in genetic analysis or autoimmunity secondary to preceding viral illness. Regardless of the etiology, this case emphasizes further exploration of the association between BWS and T1D.