bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementing the CDC's Colorectal Cancer Screening Demonstration Program: Wisdom from the field
Authors: Rohan Elizabeth A. , Boehm Jennifer E. , DeGroff Amy , Glover‐Kudon Rebecca , Preissle Judith 
Published: July 2013

BACKGROUNDColorectal cancer, as the second leading cause of cancer‐related deaths among men and women in the United States, represents an important area for public health intervention. Although colorectal cancer screening can prevent cancer and detect disease early when treatment is most effective, few organized public health screening programs have been implemented and evaluated. From 2005 to 2009, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention funded 5 sites to participate in the Colorectal Cancer Screening Demonstration Program (CRCSDP), which was designed to reach medically underserved populations.METHODSThe authors conducted a longitudinal, multiple case study to analyze program implementation processes. Qualitative methods included interviews with 100 stakeholders, 125 observations, and review of 19 documents. Data were analyzed within and across cases.RESULTSSeveral themes related to CRCSDP implementation emerged from the cross‐case analysis: the complexity of colorectal cancer screening, the need for teamwork and collaboration, integration of the program into existing systems, the ability of programs to use wisdom at the local level, and the influence of social norms. Although these themes were explored independently from 1 another, interaction across themes was evident.CONCLUSIONSColorectal cancer screening is clinically complex, and its screening methods are not well accepted by the general public; both of these circumstances have implications for program implementation. Using patient navigation, engaging in transdisciplinary teamwork, assimilating new programs into existing clinical settings, and deferring to local‐level wisdom together helped to address complexity and enhance program implementation. In addition, public health efforts must confront negative social norms around colorectal cancer screening. Cancer 2013;119(15 suppl):2870–83. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Developmental milestones across the programmatic life cycle
Authors: Glover‐Kudon Rebecca , DeGroff Amy , Rohan Elizabeth A. , Preissle Judith , Boehm Jennifer E. 
Published: July 2013

BACKGROUNDIn 2005 through 2009, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) funded 5 sites to implement a colorectal cancer screening program for uninsured, low‐income populations. These 5 sites composed a demonstration project intended to explore the feasibility of establishing a national colorectal cancer screening program through various service delivery models.METHODSA longitudinal, multiple case study was conducted to understand and document program implementation processes. Using metaphor as a qualitative analytic technique, evaluators identified stages of maturation across the programmatic life cycle.RESULTSAnalysis rendered a working theory of program development during screening implementation. In early stages, program staff built relationships with CDC and local partners around screening readiness, faced real‐world challenges putting program policies into practice, revised initial program designs, and developed new professional skills. Midterm implementation was defined by establishing program cohesiveness and expanding programmatic reach. In later stages of implementation, staff focused on sustainability and formal program closeout, which prompted reflection about personal and programmatic accomplishments.CONCLUSIONSDemonstration sites evolved through common developmental stages during screening implementation. Findings elucidate ways to target technical assistance to more efficiently move programs along their maturation trajectory. In practical terms, the time and cost associated with guiding a program to maturity may be potentially shortened to maximize return on investment for both organizations and clients receiving service benefits. Cancer 2013;119(15 suppl):2926–39. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Glue Versus Suture Fixation of Mesh During Open Repair of Inguinal Hernias: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Colvin Hugh Shunsuke , Rao Ahsan , Cavali Marta , Campanelli Giampiero , Amin Amin Ibrahim 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundGlue fixation of mesh has been explored for some time as a strategy for reducing postoperative chronic groin pain. Previous studies have come to different conclusions about the superiority of one method over another. We conducted a meta‐analysis of randomized control trials comparing the performance of glue versus suture fixation of mesh in open inguinal hernioplasty.MethodsStudies published up to November 2012 were searched using PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and the international standard randomised controlled trials number (ISRCTN) register. Mean differences (MDs) were derived from secondary continuous outcomes and pooled risk ratios (RRs) for categoric outcomes. Meta‐analysis was conducted utilizing the random‐effects and fixed‐effects models as appropriate.ResultsTen randomized controlled studies were selected, with a total of 1,623 patients. Glue fixation for open inguinal hernioplasty reduced chronic groin pain (RR 0.46, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.22–0.97), hematoma (RR 0.56, 95 % CI 0.34–0.90), acute postoperative pain (MD −7.92, 95 % CI, −13.17 to −2.66), and time taken to return to normal activities (MD −1.39, 95 % CI, −2.58 to −0.21). There was no evidence of an increase in adverse outcomes including recurrence with glue fixation (RR 0.83, 95 % CI 0.30–2.35).ConclusionsGlue fixation of mesh for open inguinal hernioplasty is superior in many outcomes including the reduction of chronic groin pain. Glue fixation was not associated with an increased risk of hernia recurrence.
Global brain hypoperfusion and oxygenation in amnestic mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Liu Jie , Zhu Yong‐Sheng , Khan Muhammad Ayaz , Brunk Estee , Martin‐Cook Kristin , Weiner Myron F. , Cullum C. Munro , Lu Hanzhang , Levine Benjamin D. , Diaz‐Arrastia Ramon , Zhang Rong 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundTo determine if global brain hypoperfusion and oxygen hypometabolism occur in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).MethodsThirty‐two aMCI and 21 normal subjects participated. Total cerebral blood flow (TCBF), cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2), and brain tissue volume were measured using color‐coded duplex ultrasonography (CDUS), near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), and MRI. TCBF was normalized by total brain tissue volume (TBV) for group comparisons (nTCBF). Cerebrovascular resistance (CVR) was calculated as mean arterial pressure divided by TCBF.ResultsReductions in nTCBF by 9%, CMRO2 by 11%, and an increase in CVR by 13% were observed in aMCI relative to normal subjects. No group differences in TBV were observed. nTCBF was correlated with CMRO2 in normal controls, but not in aMCI.ConclusionsGlobal brain hypoperfusion, oxygen hypometabolism, and neurovascular decoupling observed in aMCI suggest that changes in cerebral hemodynamics occur early at a prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease, which can be assessed using low‐cost and bedside‐available CDUS and NIRS technology.
CONCISENESS OF COPRIME COMMUTATORS IN FINITE GROUPS
Authors: ACCIARRI CRISTINA , SHUMYATSKY PAVEL , THILLAISUNDARAM ANITHA 
Published: July 2013

AbstractLet$G$be a finite group. We show that the order of the subgroup generated by coprime${\gamma }_{k} $-commutators (respectively,${\delta }_{k} $-commutators) is bounded in terms of the size of the set of coprime${\gamma }_{k} $-commutators (respectively,${\delta }_{k} $-commutators). This is in parallel with the classical theorem due to Turner-Smith that the words${\gamma }_{k} $and${\delta }_{k} $are concise.
PRIMITIVE PERMUTATION GROUPS CONTAINING A CYCLE
Authors: JONES GARETH A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe primitive finite permutation groups containing a cycle are classified. Of these, only the alternating and symmetric groups contain a cycle fixing at least three points. This removes a primality condition from a classical theorem of Jordan. Some applications to monodromy groups are given, and the contributions of Jordan and Marggraff to this topic are briefly discussed.
The Precarious Future of the Ethiopian Constitution
Authors: Hessebon Gedion T 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe current Ethiopian Constitution suffers from a severe lack of legitimacy. It lacks legitimacy as a result of a constitution-making process that was not inclusive, as well as the subsequent serious lack of integrity and vitality in the constitutional system. Therefore, if the ruling party, which is also the “author” of the constitution, were to lose its hegemonic position, which is predicated on its control of the security and military apparatus, there is a strong likelihood that there would be calls from significant political forces for a new constitution to be adopted. Such calls should not be heeded. Instead of adopting a new constitution, the current constitution's lack of legitimacy should be remedied by comprehensive constitutional reforms that would still maintain the basic architecture and cornerstones of the current constitution.
Spring calving versus split calving: effects on farm, processor and industry profitability for the Irish dairy industry
Authors: GEARY U. , LOPEZ-VILLALOBOS N. , GARRICK D. J. , SHALLOO L. 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYA combined farm systems and processing sector model was used to determine the effect on industry profitability of changing from the current seasonal milk supply profile to a less seasonal milk supply profile. Differences in investment costs, product portfolio, product storage and financing costs at processor level were included in the analysis. It was found, based on the underlying model assumptions, that a less seasonal supply profile allowed better capacity utilization, enabled higher volumes of high-value products to be produced and generated higher net returns (€1540·7 million) for the processing sector than the seasonal milk supply profile (€1474·9 million); it therefore warranted paying a higher milk price to farmers. In contrast, at farm level the seasonal milk supply profile resulted in lower costs and higher net farm profit, with net margin per litre being 1·6 cents per litre higher relative to the less seasonal milk supply profile. Higher concentrate, labour, silage, machinery hire and heifer replacement costs in the less seasonal supply profile relative to the seasonal milk supply profile were the main factors that contributed to the lower farm profitability. From a national perspective, including processor and farm sector interests, the seasonal milk supply profile was more profitable by an estimated €83 million; the difference in costs at farm level outweighed the increased milk price at processor level found in the less seasonal milk supply profile.
Spontaneous tumour shrinkage in 1261 observed patients with sporadic vestibular schwannoma
Authors: Huang X , Caye-Thomasen P , Stangerup S-E 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjective:To determine the rate of spontaneous tumour shrinkage in a group of patients with sporadic vestibular schwannoma managed with a ‘wait and scan’ approach.Patients:All patients with a unilateral cerebello-pontine angle tumour resembling a vestibular schwannoma were registered prospectively in a national database in Denmark. Patients registered with tumour shrinkage were identified and all computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans retrieved, re-evaluated and related to the clinical data.Results:Of 1261 observed patients, 48 displayed spontaneous shrinkage (3.81 per cent). Mean absolute shrinkage was 6.25 mm, equivalent to 52.1 per cent. Absolute shrinkage correlated with tumour size and follow-up period, whereas relative shrinkage was significantly greater for tumours which were purely intrameatal at diagnosis. There was no correlation between age and the degree of shrinkage.Conclusion:Four per cent of sporadic vestibular schwannomas shrink spontaneously. These findings substantiate the ‘wait and scan’ strategy for tumours with a largest extrameatal diameter of up to 20 mm.
Voice rest after vocal fold surgery: current practice and evidence
Authors: Coombs A C , Carswell A J , Tierney P A 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjective:Voice rest is commonly recommended after vocal fold surgery, but there is a lack of evidence base and no standard protocol. The aim of this study was to establish common practice regarding voice rest following vocal fold surgery.Method:An online survey was circulated via e-mail invitation to members of the ENT UK Expert Panel between October and November 2011.Results:The survey revealed that 86.5 per cent of respondents agreed that ‘complete voice rest’ means no sound production at all, but there was variability in how ‘relative voice rest’ was defined. There was no dominant type of voice rest routinely recommended after surgery for laryngeal papillomatosis or intermediate pathologies. There was considerable variability in the duration of voice rest recommended, with no statistically significant, most popular response (except for malignant lesions). Surgeons with less than 10 years of experience were more likely to recommend fewer days of voice rest.Conclusion:There is a lack of consistency in advice given to patients after vocal fold surgery, in terms of both type and length of voice rest. This may arise from an absence of robust evidence on which to base practice.
Host traits explain the genetic structure of parasites: a meta-analysis
Authors: BLASCO-COSTA ISABEL , POULIN ROBERT 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYGene flow maintains the genetic integrity of species over large spatial scales, and dispersal maintains gene flow among separate populations. However, body size is a strong correlate of dispersal ability, with small-bodied organisms being poor dispersers. For parasites, small size may be compensated by using their hosts for indirect dispersal. In trematodes, some species use only aquatic hosts to complete their life cycle, whereas others use birds or mammals as final hosts, allowing dispersal among separate aquatic habitats. We performed the first test of the universality of the type of life cycle as a driver of parasite dispersal, using a meta-analysis of 16 studies of population genetic structure in 16 trematode species. After accounting for the geographic scale of a study, the number of populations sampled, and the genetic marker used, we found the type of life cycle to be the best predictor of genetic structure (Fst): trematode species bound to complete their life cycle within water showed significantly more pronounced genetic structuring than those leaving water through a bird or mammal host. This finding highlights the dependence of parasites on host traits for their dispersal, suggesting that genetic differentiation of parasites reflects the mobility of their hosts.
Anti-Wolbachia drug discovery and development: safe macrofilaricides for onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis
Authors: TAYLOR MARK J. , HOERAUF ACHIM , TOWNSON SIMON , SLATKO BARTON E. , WARD STEPHEN A. 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYAnti-Wolbachia therapy delivers safe macrofilaricidal activity with superior therapeutic outcomes compared to all standard anti-filarial treatments, with the added benefit of substantial improvements in clinical pathology. These outcomes can be achieved, in principle, with existing registered drugs, e.g. doxycycline, that are affordable, available to endemic communities and have well known, albeit population-limiting, safety profiles. The key barriers to using doxycycline as an mass drug administration (MDA) strategy for widespread community-based control are the logistics of a relatively lengthy course of treatment (4–6 weeks) and contraindications in children under eight years and pregnancy. Therefore, the primary goal of the anti-Wolbachia (A·WOL) consortium is to find drugs and regimens that reduce the period of treatment from weeks to days (7 days or less), and to find drugs which would be safe in excluded target populations (pregnancy and children). A secondary goal is to refine regimens of existing antibiotics suitable for a more restricted use, prior to the availability of a regimen that is compatible with MDA usage. For example, for use in the event of the emergence of drug-resistance, in individuals with high loiasis co-infection and at risk of severe adverse events (SAE) to ivermectin, or in post-MDA ‘endgame scenarios’, where test and treat strategies become more cost effective and deliverable.
Bilateral hippocampal increase following first-episode psychosis is associated with good clinical, functional and cognitive outcomes
Authors: Lappin J. M. , Morgan C. , Chalavi S. , Morgan K. D. , Reinders A. A. T. S. , Fearon P. , Heslin M. , Zanelli J. , Jones P. B. , Murray R. M. , Dazzan P. 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundHippocampal pathology has been proposed to underlie clinical, functional and cognitive impairments in schizophrenia. The hippocampus is a highly plastic brain region; examining change in volume, or change bilaterally, over time, can advance understanding of the substrate of recovery in psychosis.MethodMagnetic resonance imaging and outcome data were collected at baseline and 6-year follow-up in 42 first-episode psychosis subjects and 32 matched controls, to investigate whether poorer outcomes are associated with loss of global matter and hippocampal volumes. Bilateral hippocampal increase (BHI) over time, as a marker of hippocampal plasticity was hypothesized to be associated with better outcomes. Regression analyses were performed on: (i) clinical and functional outcomes with grey matter volume change and BHI as predictor variables; and (ii) cognitive outcome with BHI as predictor.ResultsBHI was present in 29% of psychosis participants. There was no significant grey matter loss over time in either patient or control groups. Less severe illness course and lesser symptom severity were associated with BHI, but not with grey matter change. Employment and global function were associated with BHI and with less grey matter loss. Superior delayed verbal recall was also associated with BHI.ConclusionsBHI occurs in a minority of patients following their first psychotic episode and is associated with good outcome across clinical, functional and cognitive domains.
Online cognitive-based intervention for depression: exploring possible circularity in mechanisms of change
Authors: van der Zanden R. , Galindo-Garre F. , Curie K. , Kramer J. , Cuijpers P. 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundThis study investigates possible circularity in mechanisms of change in participants of Master Your Mood (MYM), a cognitive-based, online intervention for young adults with depressive symptoms. A previous study showed that MYM effectively reduced depression and anxiety and strengthened mastery.MethodWe randomized 244 participants with depressive symptoms into MYM or a wait-list control condition. We explored the circularity hypothesis by several analyses. Correlations were computed to determine the association between (change in) depression and anxiety. Path analysis mediation models were used to explore whether change in anxiety and mastery mediated the intervention effect on depression, whether depression and mastery mediated the effect on anxiety and whether depression and anxiety mediated the effect on mastery. We used linear regression to explore whether early changes in anxiety predicted later changes in depression, and whether early changes in depression predicted later changes in anxiety.ResultsCo-morbidity between depression and anxiety was high (69.2%) and the association between depression and anxiety change was strong (r = 0.677,p < 0.01). Changes in anxiety and mastery mediated change in depression (mediation proportion 44%); changes in depression mediated change in anxiety (79%) and mastery (75%). We did not find an early change in anxiety predictive for a late change in depression, and vice versa.ConclusionsThis study appears to confirm the hypothesized circularity in the recovery process. We found high co-morbidity and strong correlation between depression and anxiety levels and bi-directional relationships between potential mediators and outcomes. Early anxiety change scores were not predictive of late depression change scores, and vice versa.
Use of virulence determinants and seropathotypes to distinguish high- and low-riskEscherichia coliO157 and non-O157 isolates from Europe
Authors: ANJUM M. F. , JONES E. , MORRISON V. , TOZZOLI R. , MORABITO S. , TOTH I. , NAGY B. , SMITH G. , ASPAN A. , NIELSEN E. M. , FACH P. , HERRERA-LEÓN S. , WOODWARD M. J. , LA RAGIONE R. M. 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYThe presence of 10 virulence genes was examined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 365 European O157 and non-O157Escherichia coliisolates associated with verotoxin production. Strain-specific PCR data were analysed using hierarchical clustering. The resulting dendrogram clearly separated O157 from non-O157 strains. The former clustered typical high-risk seropathotype (SPT) A strains from all regions, including Sweden and Spain, which were homogenous by Cramer'sVstatistic, and strains with less typical O157 features mostly from Hungary. The non-O157 strains divided into a high-risk SPTB harbouring O26, O111 and O103 strains, a group pathogenic to pigs, and a group with few virulence genes other than for verotoxin. The data demonstrate SPT designation and selected PCR separated verotoxigenicE. coliof high and low risk to humans; although more virulence genes or pulsed-field gel electrophoresis will need to be included to separate high-risk strains further for epidemiological tracing.
Associations between capsular serotype, multilocus sequence type, and macrolide resistance inStreptococcus agalactiaeisolates from Japanese infants with invasive infections
Authors: MOROZUMI M. , WAJIMA T. , KUWATA Y. , CHIBA N. , SUNAOSHI K. , SUGITA K. , SAKATA H. , IWATA S. , UBUKATA K. 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYStreptococcus agalactiae(group B streptococcus; GBS) isolates (n = 150) from infants with invasive infections between 2006 and 2011 were analysed for capsular serotype, multilocus sequence type, and antibiotic susceptibility. In cases with late-onset disease (n = 115), primary meningitis was predominant (62·6%), but represented only 39·1% in cases with early-onset disease (n = 23). The most common serotype was III (58·7%), followed by Ia (21·3%) and Ib (12·7%). Sequence types (STs) of serotype III strains included ST17 (50·0%), ST19 (26·1%), ST335 (18·2%), ST27 (4·5%), and ST1 (1·1%). Predominant STs of serotypes Ia and Ib were ST23 (81·3%) and ST10 (84·2%), respectively. No penicillin-resistant strains were detected, but 22·0% of strains hadmef(A/E),erm(A), orerm(B) genes, which mediate macrolide resistance. A new ST335, possessing anmef(A/E) gene belonging to clonal complex 19 gradually increased in frequency. Improved prevention of invasive GBS infections in infants requires timely identification, and ultimately vaccine development.
Observations of atmospheric boundary layer temperature profiles with a small unmanned aerial vehicle
Authors: Cassano John J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSmall Unmanned Meteorological Observer (SUMO) unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) were used to observe atmospheric boundary layer temperature profiles in the vicinity of McMurdo Station, Antarctica during January and September 2012. The observations from four flight days are shown and exhibit a variety of boundary layer temperature profiles ranging from deep, well-mixed conditions to strong, shallow inversions. Repeat UAV profiles over short periods of time (tens of minutes to several hours) revealed rapid changes in boundary layer structure. The success of the SUMO flights described here demonstrates the potential for using small UAVs for Antarctic research.