bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Premium Rate Design and Risk Regionalization for the Policy-Based Wheat Insurance of Henan Province in China
Authors: Diao Panpan , Zhang Zhonggen 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The policy-based insurance has an important significance to guarantee wheat production, maintain food security and stabilize farmers’ incomes. Pricing for wheat insurance and the risk regionalization are the basis for the smooth development of wheat insurance, especially for Henan province which is the largest wheat production area of China. Therefore, first, the premium rate is calculated using parametric method. Second, the comprehensive wheat production risk scores of all cities in Henan province are calculated through factor analysis, considering the risk exposure in wheat production, the local government’s financial supporting ability, farmers’ economic ability and expected yield loss rate. In addition, the cities are regionalized with method of cluster analysis as well. In addition, it brings out some suggestions to promote the development of policy-based wheat insurance of Henan province.
Transparency and Translatability of the Terminological Metaphor in the Domain of Computer Science (A Contrastive Analysis)
Authors: Butiurca Doina 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Our research, Transparency and translatability of the terminological metaphor in the domain of the internet, is a contrastive analysis in the topic of the metaphor, especially. The relationship between the common and the special lexicon in the domain of the Internet in the English language as source language, the relationship between the common denominator between the source language and the semantic basis, of equivalence in the target language represent the aims of the research. The languages in which the analysis is carried out are different from the genealogical and typological point of view (the English language on the one hand, the Romance language and Hungarian on the other). The perspective is a descriptive-semasiological one, and the methods applied - the paradigmatic and syntagmatic analysis, the contrastive analysis - are adapted to this perspective.
The transparency in the meaning, the degree of translatability, the motivated character of the terminological metaphor, the role of linguistics / of semantics in the terminology of the Internet are only some of the conclusions of the research.
Frauenfiguren in der deutsch-jüdischen Gegenwartsliteratur. Rafael Seligmanns Roman Die jiddische Mamme
Authors: Kommer Alois 
Published: May 2015

Abstrakt
In der vorliegenden Arbeit soll der Umgang mit dem Stereotyp der jiddischen Mamme im gleichnamigen Roman des deutsch-jüdischen Schriftstellers Rafael Seligmann behandelt werden: ob - und in welchem Maß - Seligmanns Darstellung dem stereotypen Mutterbild entspricht. Begnügt er sich mit der einfachen Präsentation der Stereotypen, will er diese verwerfen oder etwa verstärken? Es geht nicht nur um „Mammes“, sondern um jüdische und nicht-jüdische Frauenfiguren, die der Stereotypisierung zum Opfer gefallen sind. Zuerst muss geklärt werden, welche Probleme das Leben für Juden und Nicht-Juden „im Land der Täter“ aufwirft. Wenn Juden schon wegen der Niederlassung in Deutschland Gewissensbisse und Verachtung erfahren müssen, wie ist es dann möglich, über eine deutsch-jüdische Literatur zu sprechen? Und wie kommt es dazu, dass Autoren - in erster Linie Rafael Seligmann -, die überhaupt nicht in Deutschland leben dürften, sich entschlossen haben das Schweigen und die Tabus zu brechen und zu reizen?
Nach der kurzen sozialhistorischen und literaturgeschichtlichen Einordnung wird geschildert, wie das Stereotyp der „jiddischen Mamme“ ihren Weg in die Literatur bis hin zu Seligmanns Roman gefunden hat. Frauenund Mutterfiguren des Romans werden untersucht um zu sehen, inwiefern diese dem vorhandenen Bild der Mutter und der Frau entsprechen.
How the wage-education profile got more convex: evidence from Mexico
Authors: Binelli Chiara 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn the 1990s, in many countries, wages became a more convex function of education: returns to college increased and returns to intermediate education declined. This paper argues that an important cause of this convexification was an exogenous increase in the demand for skilled labour: the increased demand stimulated a supply response, and the supply of intermediate-educated workers further increased the demand for college-educated workers because these two types of labour are complementary. This argument is supported by an empirical equilibrium model of savings and educational choices for Mexico, where the degree of convexification was amplified by loosening credit constraints.
Foliose Halymenia species (Halymeniaceae, Rhodophyta) from Southeast Asia, including a new species, Halymenia malaysiana sp. nov.
Authors: Tan Pui-Ling , Lim Phaik-Eem , Lin Showe-Mei , Phang Siew-Moi , Draisma Stefano G.A. , Liao Lawrence M. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Despite the large number of species discovered in Halymenia, many remain poorly known due to the scarce information available. In order to facilitate species discrimination of foliose Halymenia species in Southeast Asia, molecular analysis and morphological studies were made on Halymenia collections from Malaysia, the Philippines, and Indonesia. The rbcL phylogenetic analyses showed that there are at least six taxa of foliose Halymenia occurring in Southeast Asia. Among the six taxa, a new species, Halymenia malaysiana P.-L. Tan, P.-E. Lim, S.-M. Lin et S.-M. Phang, is proposed based on both rbcL sequence analyses and morphological observations. Halymenia malaysiana is characterized by thalli possessing oblong or suborbiculate blades with a supple cartilaginous structure and gelatinous (slimy) texture, arising from a small discoid holdfast without a stipe, abruptly expanding into a broad blade and having a smooth surface with sinusoidally undulated margins. The phylogenetic analyses also revealed that Halymenia is a polyphyletic genus, which requires further taxonomic studies.
Metacognitive Knowledge of Tertiary-Level EFL Reading: Case Studies in an Acquisition-Poor Context
Authors: Li Jie , Chun Cecilia Ka Wai 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis paper describes how a group of Chinese tertiary-level EFL readers utilized metacognitive knowledge in their academic reading process by contrasting the possible metacognitive differences between two less successful and two successful Chinese EFL readers. Data were collected through think-alouds, interviews and observations. It was found that although vocabulary posed difficulties for both successful and less successful readers, the deployment of strategic knowledge of tackling the unknown words made a difference between successful and less successful readers. The participants’ person knowledge about motivation such as reader interest, goal of reading and reader role could exert influences on their reading. Implications of the findings for tertiary EFL reading pedagogy in China are discussed.
A Study into Students’ Views on Guided Peer Feedback in Group Work
Authors: Xie Jingjing , Mu Fengying 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPeer feedback is a key to the quality of group work in foreign language classrooms. In order to better understand the use of peer feedback in spoken English, a ten-week study was conducted by combining peer feedback with group work. Based on Scaffolding Instruction of Constructivism, this study chose three different tools – a checklist, a qualitative feedback sheet and a grading sheet, to guide peer feedback. A questionnaire survey and three interviews were adopted to investigate the students’ views and attitude toward guided peer feedback. We found: (1) Guided peer feedback plays a positive role in improving the quality of group work and its three forms were positively received by the participants; (2) Among the three tools – the checklist, the qualitative feedback sheet and the grading sheet, the grading sheet was most welcomed; (3) Only by designing the appropriate peer feedback forms and the tasks at the same time, could peer feedback achieve good results.
Effect of Morphology on Word Acquisition: An Investigation on the Acquisition of Psych Adjectives
Authors: Xu Chengping , Jing Yang 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMorphology is said to play a role in word acquisition. English psych adjectives are identified as a category of words with morphological complex gradience, which consists of free morphs, derivatives and inflections. Due to their morphological features, psych adjectives were considered the ideal candidates to test the effect of morphology on word acquisition. This study adopted a within-group research design, where a controlled productive test and a receptive knowledge test were developed and administered to English learners of an intermediate level. Results suggested that acquisition of the inflections was significantly different from that of free morphs and derivatives in the controlled productive test, but no difference was found in the receptive knowledge test. Comparisons of the two tests for the three word groups showed that the only significant difference occurred in the inflection word group. The overall results revealed that learners experienced much more difficulty in acquiring inflectional psych adjectives. In light of the dissociation of associative memory and rule memory, two possible explanations for the learning problems were offered: 1) learners failed to represent the inflections in associative memory, or 2) they have not proceduralized the morphology rules in rule memory.
Integrating Information and Communication Technology into Interpreter Training in China: State-of-the-Art and Prospect
Authors: Xu Mingwu , Deng Juntao 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe past decade has witnessed dramatic changes and impressive progress in interpreter training in China due to technological innovations, policy support from the Ministry of Education, increasing demand for qualified interpreters in the market, and ceaseless efforts from interpreting trainers and researchers. Meanwhile, research efforts have been made in the integration of information and communication technology (ICT) into interpreter training. Chinese researchers have explored a wide range of pedagogical factors in this regard, including training models, principles, materials and strategies as well as autonomous learning, assessment and trainer/trainee roles. This paper reviews the major studies in this field and may serve as a reference for international interpreting practice and research. It argues that more attention should be focused on micro-perspectives, more empirical research methods are to be adopted, and more professional training tools are to be developed and tried out.
Shape Optimization by Pursuing Diffeomorphisms
Authors: Hiptmair Ralf , Paganini Alberto 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
We consider PDE constrained shape optimization in
the framework of finite element discretization of
the underlying boundary value problem. We present an algorithm tailored to preserve and exploit
the approximation properties of the finite element method,
and that allows for arbitrarily high resolution of shapes. It
employs (i) B-spline based representations of the deformation diffeomorphism,
and (ii) superconvergent domain integral expressions for the shape gradient.
We provide numerical evidence of the performance of this method
both on prototypical well-posed and ill-posed shape optimization
problems.
Depolymerization of cellulose during cold acidic chlorite treatment
Authors: Mortha Gérard , Marcon Jennifer , Dallérac David , Marlin Nathalie , Vallée Christophe , Charon Nadège , Le Masle Agnès 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
A cold holocellulose treatment (cHolT) was studied on a bleached kraft pulp (BKP) of Eucalyptus to observe the degradation of polysaccharides in pulp by chlorite at room temperature under conditions of slightly acidic pH and high chlorine charge (313% of active chlorine on BKP). Based on literature data, cellulose depolymerization is expectable by chlorite treatments at 70°C and reinforced chlorite charge, while the addition of dissolved lignin could protect cellulose. In the present study, polysaccharide degradation was followed by TAPPI viscosity, size-exclusion chromatography coupled to multidetectors, pulp yield, kappa number, elemental sugar analysis of pulps, and total organic carbon detection in filtrates. cHolTs were repeated several times without significant polysaccharide degradation, but the insertion of a caustic extraction stage at 70°C induced little degradation. This study opens the way to the setup of inert delignification procedures to be applied on raw or processed lignocellulosic samples from biorefinery studies.
Negative gravitropism of Ginkgo biloba: growth stress and reaction wood formation
Authors: Shirai Tatsuya , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Matsuo Miyuki , Inatsugu Mikuri , Yoshida Masato , Sato Saori , Sujan KC , Suzuki Yoshihito , Toyoshima Isao , Yamashita Noboru 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) forms thick, lignified secondary xylem in the cylindrical stem as in Pinales (commonly called conifers), although it has more phylogenetic affinity to Cycadales than to conifers. Ginkgo forms compression wood-like (CW-like) reaction wood (RW) in its inclined stem as it is the case in conifers. However, the distribution of growth stress is not yet investigated in the RW of ginkgo, and thus this tissue resulting from negative gravitropism is still waiting for closer consideration. The present study intended to fill this gap. It has been demonstrated that, indeed, ginkgo forms RW tissue on the lower side of the inclined stem, where the compressive growth stress (CGS) was generated. In the RW, the micorofibril angle in the S2 layer, the air-dried density, and the lignin content increased, whereas the cellulose content decreased. These data are quite similar to those of conifer CWs. The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the CGS is significantly correlated by the changes in the aforementioned parameters. It can be safely concluded that the negative gravitropism of ginkgo is very similar to that of conifers.
Biosynthesis of membrane dependent proteins in insect cell lysates: identification of limiting parameters for folding and processing
Authors: Merk Helmut , Rues Ralf-Bernhardt , Gless Christine , Beyer Kerstin , Dong Fang , Dötsch Volker , Gerrits Michael , Bernhard Frank 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors, like many other membrane proteins, are notoriously difficult to synthesize in conventional cellular systems. Although expression in insect cells is considered the preferred technique for structural characterizations in particular, inefficient membrane translocation, instability, toxic effects and low yields still pose clear limitations for their production in living cells. Recent studies started to explore alternative strategies for the in vitro production of problematic membrane proteins in cell-free lysates in combination with supplied membranes. We provide a detailed study on the production efficiencies and quality of G protein-coupled receptors, Fab fragments and other proteins synthesized in insect cell lysates containing endogenous microsomes. Effects of different reaction kinetics, redox conditions and sample preparations on the specific activities of synthesized proteins have been analyzed. The extent of glycosylation, membrane translocation and percentages of ligand binding active fractions of synthesized protein samples have been determined. We provide strong evidence that membrane insertion of integral membrane proteins can represent a prime limiting factor for their preparative scale in vitro production. Improved expression protocols resulting into higher production rates yielded more active protein in case of Fab fragments, but not in case of the human endothelin B receptor.
Soft Tofu-Type Gels: Relationship between Volatile Compounds and Sensory Characteristics as Affected by Coagulants and Raw Materials
Authors: Murekatete Nicole , Zhang Caimeng , Karangwa Eric , Hua Yufei 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Coagulants and raw materials effects on the sensory characteristics of acid and salt-induced soft tofu-type gels were investigated and compared. Gels made from soybean were more whitish than the ones made from SPI with L* values between 79.743 and 80.847. Similarly, the raw materials affected more the volatile compounds composition than the coagulants. It was also established that CaSO4 produced softer gels with hardness values varying between 104 and 145 g compare to 173 and 302 g for acid-induced gels. Salt-induced soybean gels demonstrated the highest score for beany taste (7.67), bitter taste (7.39) and mouthfeel (7.25). Correlation results depicted that the volatile compounds did not have a positive nor negative significant impact on mouthfeel of soft tofu gels; however, they were significantly correlated to beany and bitter taste. Furthermore, all free amino acids were positively correlated to beany, bitter taste and mouthfeel except cysteine. Glutamic acid, alanine, tyrosine, methionine and isoleucine free amino acids showed a significant influence on beany taste; while, glutamic acid, tyrosine, methionine and isoleucine showed a significant impact on bitter taste.
“I broke a finger”: A salience-based cognitive model for selecting a or my with inalienable possessions
Authors: Lindley Jori 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe fact that a speaker can say “I broke a finger” in reference to her own finger was first noted by Grice. Building on implicature-based accounts of how and why this works, this large-scale corpus study focuses on the choice, in such utterances, between the indefinite article
Fixing a Failure to Identify Intelligence in the Domestic Setting: Aligning Collection and Analysis to Address an All-Hazards Mission
Authors: Tromblay Darren E. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe US’ domestically-oriented, homeland security enterprise lacks a structure that facilitates an all-hazards intelligence mission. An all-hazards mission must account for both positive and negative intelligence information. The primary hubs for interagency collaboration and collection, within the US, are the Department of Homeland Security-funded state and local fusion centers and the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s joint terrorism task forces (JTTFs). Both of these entities focus on negative intelligence. The FBI JTTFs focus on one element of negative intelligence, the DHS fusion centers have unfocused, but still negative, missions, due to bureaucratic realities. Meanwhile, other government agencies, notably the CIA’s National Resources Division and even other elements of the FBI are engaged in uncoordinated collection, an activity that threatens to bring even more disorganization to the homeland-security enterprise. Rather than creating yet another agency, the strengths of both the JTTFs and the fusion centers should be leveraged, in conjunction with other domestically operating collectors, to establish new platforms, using fusion centers as a backbone, staffed with a service of joint duty personnel.
Effects of GnRH analogue treatment on anterior pituitary hormones in children with central precocious puberty
Authors: Peltek Kendirci Havva Nur , Ağladıoğlu Sebahat Yılmaz , Önder Aşan , Baş Veysel Nijat , Çetinkaya Semra , Aycan Zehra 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the effect of Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRHa) treatment on anterior pituitary hormones in female children with central precocious puberty (CPP).There were 62 female children who had been diagnosed with CPP and received GnRHa (Leuprolide acetate, 3.75 mg intramuscular/subcutaneous/28 days) included in the study. All subjects were clinically evaluated prior to treatment and every 3 months during treatment with serum LH, FSH, ACTH, TSH, PRL as pituitary hormones, and the end hormones such as plasma E: Prolactin levels were higher during GnRHa treatment compared to pre-treatment values although the increase was statistically significant only at month 3. In addition, while 2 (3.2%) of the patients had hyperprolactinemia before treatment, 11 (17.7%) patients developed hyperprolactinemia at different time points during treatment.This study concluded that GnRHa treatment resulted in hyperprolactinemia and had no significant effect other pituitary hormones.
The alpha-cypermethrin coated net for protecting Norway spruce wood against bark beetles (Curculionidae, Scolytinae)
Authors: Skrzecz Iwona , Grodzki Wojciech , Kosibowicz Mieczysław , Tumialis Dorota 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The study estimated the efficacy of a net coated with alpha-cypermethrin used to protect Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) H. Karst] wood against bark beetle infestations. The inside of the net was coated with 100 mg/m2 of alpha-cypermethrin. The studies carried out in 2010 and 2011 took place in southern Poland in the Beskid Żywiecki and Beskid Sądecki mountains in P. abies stands threatened by Ips typographus (Linnaeus, 1758). The research material consisted of wood logs taken off of 70–80-year-old P. abies trees. The logs were wrapped in the net in the early spring before spring swarming of bark beetles. The unwrapped logs were considered as the study controls. An evaluation of the treatments was performed after 2 months. The evaluation was based on the counting of bark beetles galleries found after removing the bark from the wrapped and unwrapped logs. There were no insect galleries on the wrapped logs. The net was a barrier, on which bark beetles died. About 10 dead I. typographus beetles were found on 0.01 m2 of the net surface. On the bark from the unwrapped-control logs there were 3,156 galleries/entrance holes of bark beetles, in total, of which 73% belonged to I. typographus, 13% to Pityogenes chalcographus (Linnaeus, 1761), and almost 10% to Xyloterus lineatus (Oliv.). These results indicated the high efficacy of the net coated with alpha-cypermethrin used for the protection of Norway spruce wood against the bark beetles. At the same time, the net was found to have a negative effect on non-target entomofauna, mainly Hylobius spp., Thanasimus formicarius (L.), and Tetropium castaneum (F.). However, the use of a net did not affect other predatory (Carabidae) and parasitic (Ichneumonidae and Tachinidae) entomofauna.
Purification and characterization of the cuticle-degrading proteases produced by an isolate of Beauveria bassiana using the cuticle of the predatory bug, Andrallus spinidens Fabricius (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: Firouzbakht Hossein , Zibaee Arash , Hoda Hassan , Sohani Mohammad Mehdi 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The entomopathogenic fungi-like Beauveria bassiana must penetrate via the integument of an insect to reach the hemocoel. Since proteins are the molecules responsible for integument strength in insects, the proteins must synthesise the cuticle degrading proteases which will then enable the proteases to penetrate. It is important to determine the biochemical properties of these proteases so that fungal virulence can be better understood. In the current study, a recently collected isolate of B. bassiana, namely AM-118, was inoculated in liquid media containing 0.5% of Andrallus spinidens Fabricus cuticle to obtain specific proteases. The crude samples were purified via a three step process using ammonium sulfate, Sepharyl G-100, and DEAE-Cellulose Fast Flow. The results revealed two proteases known as subtilisin-like (Pr1), and trypsin-like (Pr2), with the molecular weights of 105 and 103 kDa. The optimal pH and temperature values were found to be 8 and 35°C for Pr1 and 8 and 40°C for Pr2, respectively. Inhibitors like AEBSF, EDTA, TPCK, and phenanthroline significantly affected proteolytic activities. Here, we reported two fungal proteases by high molecular weight from an Iranian isolate of B. bassiana. These findings will help us to better understand fungal virulence against insects.