bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Moderate‐Intensity and Vigorous‐Intensity Physical Activities Reduce Mortality Rates to the Same Extent?
Authors: Shiroma Eric J. , Sesso Howard D. , Moorthy M. V. , Buring Julie E. , Lee I‐Min 
Published: October 2014

Background
Limited data exist directly comparing the relative benefits of moderate‐ and vigorous‐intensity activities with all‐cause and cardiovascular (CV) disease mortality rates when controlling for physical activity volume.

Methods and Results

We followed 7979 men (Harvard Alumni Health Study, 1988–2008) and 38 671 women (Women's Health Study, 1992–2012), assessing their physical activity and health habits through repeated questionnaires. Over a mean follow‐up of 17.3 years in men and 16.4 years in women, there were 3551 deaths (1077 from
CV disease
) among men and 3170 deaths (620 from
CV disease
) among women. Those who met or exceeded an equivalent of the federal guidelines recommendation of at least 150 minutes of moderate‐intensity activity, 75 minutes of vigorous‐intensity activity, or a combination of the 2 that expended similar energy experienced significantly lower all‐cause and CV disease–related mortality rates (men, 28% to 36% and 31% to 34%, respectively; women: 38% to 55% and 22% to 44%, respectively). When comparing different combinations of moderate‐ and vigorous‐intensity activity and all‐cause mortality rates, we observed sex‐related differences. Holding constant the volume of moderate‐ to vigorous‐intensity physical activity, men experienced a modest additional benefit when expending a greater proportion of
moderate‐ to vigorous‐intensity physical activity
in vigorous‐intensity activities (
P
trend
=0.04), but women did not (
P
trend
<0.001).
Moderate‐ to vigorous‐intensity physical activity
composition was not associated with further cardiovascular mortality rate reductions in either men or women.

Conclusions

The present data support guidelines recommending 150 minutes of moderate‐intensity activity per week, 75 minutes of vigorous‐intensity activity per week, or an equivalent combination for mortality benefits. Among men, but not women, additional modest reductions in all‐cause mortality rates are associated with a greater proportion of
moderate‐ to vigorous‐intensity physical activity
performed at a vigorous intensity.
Occupation and the process of transition from homelessness
Authors: Marshall Carrie Anne , Rosenberg Mark W. 
Published: October 2014

Background. The incorporation of meaningful activity or occupation in supporting those transitioning from homelessness to being housed has been promoted by researchers; however, there is little evidence to support the promotion of initiatives encouraging its use in support models. Purpose. This manuscript aims to advocate for further research into the role of occupation in supporting persons transitioning from homelessness to permanent housing. Key Issues. The transition from homelessness to becoming housed can be facilitated through use of occupation as a way of promoting the security of meaningful roles and a “housed identity” among persons experiencing homelessness. Implications. By promoting an emphasis on occupation, persons experiencing homelessness may undergo a positive change in identity. This change may improve housing tenure and the likelihood of a more permanent transition away from homelessness. More research is required to identify the relationship between occupation and the transition from homelessness.
The participation of children and youth with disabilities in activities outside of school: A scoping review
Authors: Tonkin Brenna L. , Ogilvie Briana D. , Greenwood Sarah A. , Law Mary C. , Anaby Dana R. 
Published: October 2014

Background. Participation in occupations is vital for learning and development. Children with disabilities are at risk for decreased participation. Purpose. The purpose of this study is to examine peer-reviewed literature about the participation-based experiences of children and youth with disabilities in activities outside of formal preschool and school academics. Method. A scoping review was conducted to examine research studies published between 1990 and 2012. Studies included participants from 2 to 18 years who had at least one physical or intellectual/cognitive disability. Findings. Forty-nine articles discussing 32 studies and three systematic reviews met the inclusion criteria. Perceptions of and influences on participation were important emerging themes about direct impacts on patterns of participation. A child or youth’s level of functioning, activity level, level of enjoyment, and contextual factors were found to influence their level of successful participation. Implications. Occupational therapists can use the findings from this review to consider supports and barriers within interventions to enhance participation in meaningful life situations.
Peer support as a catalyst for recovery: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Wrobleski Tanya , Walker Gill , Jarus-Hakak Avital , Suto Melinda J. 
Published: October 2014

Background. Peer support involves people in recovery from mental illness supporting their peers. Purpose. This mixed-methods pilot randomized control trial with qualitative interviews aimed to (a) compare peer support worker (PSW) and mental health worker (MHW) client outcomes and (b) provide estimates to inform the design of a larger study. Method. Fifteen adults living with a mental illness and receiving services at a community health team were randomly assigned to a PSW or a MHW group. The Quality of Life Interview–Brief Version was administered at baseline and after 6 months of intervention. Participants completed a semi-structured exit interview. Findings. While both groups improved from baseline to 6 months, the PSW group did not improve more than the MHW group. Interviews highlighted therapeutic alliance and boundaries. Implications. This research adds to existing literature that PSWs produce outcomes similar to nonpeer staff and struggle with boundaries related to their unique role.
Coping strategies associated with participation and quality of life in older adults
Authors: Levasseur Mélanie , Couture Mélanie 
Published: October 2014

Background. It is important to understand the coping strategies that optimize or restrict participation or quality of life, especially for older adults. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between, on the one hand, problem- and emotion-focused coping strategies used to deal with aging limitations or health problems and, on the other hand, participation and quality of life. Method. A cross-sectional design was used with 82 community-dwelling participants aged 65 and older. Findings. Participants used both problem-focused (distancing, self-control) and emotion-focused (seeking social support, planful problem solving, positive appraisal) coping strategies to deal with aging limitations or health problems. Only a few moderately significant associations were found except for escape–avoidance coping strategies, which were significantly associated with lower participation and quality of life. Implications. Before developing interventions to improve or maintain older adults’ participation and quality of life, more studies are needed to better understand coping strategies used by older adults to deal with aging limitations or health problems and especially escape–avoidance strategies.
Identification of Environmental Chemicals Associated with the Development of Toxicant-associated Fatty Liver Disease in Rodents
Authors: Al-Eryani Laila , Wahlang Banrida , Falkner K. C. , Guardiola J. J. , Clair H. B. , Prough R. A. , Cave Matt 
Published: October 2014

Background: Toxicant-associated fatty liver disease (TAFLD) is a recently identified form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) associated with exposure to industrial chemicals and environmental pollutants. Numerous studies have been conducted to test the association between industrial chemicals/environmental pollutants and fatty liver disease both in vivo and in vitro. Objectives: The objective of the article is to report a list of chemicals associated with TAFLD. Methods: Two federal databases of rodent toxicology studies—Toxicological Reference Database (ToxRefDB; Environmental Protection Agency) and Chemical Effects in Biological Systems (CEBS, National Toxicology Program)—were searched for liver end points. Combined, these 2 databases archive nearly 2,000 rodent studies. Toxicant-associated steatohepatitis (TASH) descriptors including fatty change, fatty necrosis, Oil red O-positive staining, steatosis, and lipid deposition were queried. Results: Using these search terms, 123 chemicals associated with fatty liver were identified. Pesticides and solvents were the most frequently identified chemicals, while polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)/dioxins were the most potent. About 44% of identified compounds were pesticides or their intermediates, and >10% of pesticide registration studies in ToxRefDB were associated with fatty liver. Fungicides and herbicides were more frequently associated with fatty liver than insecticides. Conclusion: More research on pesticides, solvents, metals, and PCBs/dioxins in NAFLD/TAFLD is warranted due to their association with liver damage.
Postoperative Restoration of Upper Extremity Motion and Neuromuscular Control During the Overhand Pitch
Authors: Chalmers Peter N. , Trombley Robert , Cip Johannes , Monson Brett , Forsythe Brian , Nicholson Gregory P. , Bush-Joseph Charles A. , Cole Brian J. , Wimmer Markus A. , Romeo Anthony A. , Verma Nikhil N. 
Published: October 2014

Background: Superior labral anterior-posterior (SLAP) tears are a common cause of shoulder pain and dysfunction in overhand throwers. Treatment outcomes remain unpredictable, with a large percentage of athletes unable to return to sport. There is considerable debate about the optimal treatment between debridement, repair, and tenodesis. Hypothesis: Labral repair more closely restores neuromuscular control and motion during the overhand pitch than tenodesis of the long head of the biceps. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Eighteen pitchers, including 7 uninjured controls, 6 players pitching after SLAP repair, and 5 players pitching after subpectoral biceps tenodesis (BT), underwent simultaneous surface electromyographic measurement at 1500 Hz and motion analysis at 120 Hz with a 14-camera markerless motion analysis system and high-speed video (120 Hz) to confirm accurate motion tracking. Patients had undergone surgery at least 1 year previously and had returned to pitching with a painless shoulder. Results: No significant differences were observed in the long head of the biceps muscle, short head of the biceps muscle, deltoid, infraspinatus, or latissimus activity between controls, patients after SLAP repair, and patients after BT. The variability from pitch to pitch for each study participant was similar between groups. Based on visual inspection of the activity time plots, BT appeared to more closely restore the normal pattern of muscular activation within the long head of the biceps muscle than did SLAP repair. There were no significant differences between controls and postoperative patients in the majority of pitching kinematics; however, pitchers after SLAP repair showed significantly altered patterns of thoracic rotation ( P = .034) compared with controls and were significantly less likely to fall into previously published normal values for lead knee flexion at front foot contact ( P = .019). Conclusion: While both BT and SLAP repair can restore physiologic neuromuscular control, pitchers who undergo SLAP repair may exhibit altered patterns of thoracic rotation when compared with controls and pitchers who undergo BT. Clinical Relevance: While both tenodesis and SLAP repair can restore physiologic neuromuscular control, SLAP repair may alter pitching biomechanics.
A Biomechanical Comparison of Femoral Cortical Suspension Devices for Soft Tissue Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Under High Loads
Authors: Johnson Jared S. , Smith Sean D. , LaPrade Christopher M. , Turnbull Travis Lee , LaPrade Robert F. , Wijdicks Coen A. 
Published: October 2014

Background: Graft healing after soft tissue anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction requires rigid fixation to allow for soft tissue healing. Cortical suspension devices for femoral fixation should be biomechanically tested under high loads representative of early rehabilitation to evaluate whether they provide sufficient fixation. Purpose/Hypothesis: To biomechanically compare current fixed-loop and adjustable-loop cortical suspension devices for soft tissue femoral fixation under high loads. The hypotheses were that there would be significant differences in cyclic displacement between devices, independent of loop type, and that retensioning of the adjustable-loop devices would not significantly alter the biomechanical properties of these devices. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Five different femoral ACL graft cortical suspension devices (3 fixed and 2 adjustable) were compared under high cyclic forces (100-400 N for 1000 cycles) and then pulled to failure at 50 mm/min. In addition, the effect of retensioning after simulated preconditioning was evaluated for the 2 adjustable-loop devices. Results: On average, the least amount of cumulative peak cyclic displacement (mean ± SD) was observed for the ENDOBUTTON (1.05 ± 0.05 mm), followed by the RIGIDLOOP (1.09 ± 0.16 mm), XO Button (1.65 ± 0.43 mm), TightRope with retensioning (1.81 ± 0.51 mm), TightRope without retensioning (2.20 ± 0.62 mm), ToggleLoc with retensioning (3.22 ± 1.41 mm), and ToggleLoc without retensioning (3.69 ± 2.39 mm). The ENDOBUTTON displaced significantly less after cyclic loading than all adjustable-loop devices (TightRope and ToggleLoc, both with and without retensioning) and the XO Button. The RIGIDLOOP displaced significantly less than the TightRope without retensioning and ToggleLoc with and without retensioning. There was no significant difference in biomechanical properties after retensioning for both adjustable-loop devices. Conclusion: Significant differences were observed between current fixed-loop and adjustable-loop cortical suspension devices for soft tissue femoral fixation when subjected to high loads experienced during rehabilitation. Retensioning did not significantly alter the biomechanical properties of adjustable-loop devices. Clinical Relevance: Early rehabilitation protocols subject the graft construct to higher forces than what has been previously tested biomechanically. Biomechanical testing of cortical suspension devices under simulated high rehabilitation loads demonstrated significant differences between devices. Future studies should investigate the clinical implications of these time zero results.
Release kinetics of prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors from collagen barrier membranes
Authors: Hamid Omar , Pensch Manuela , Agis Hermann 
Published: October 2014

Collagen barrier membranes are used in guided tissue regeneration to support healing. This strategy, however, relies on the healing capacity of the tissue. Pharmacological inhibitors of prolyl hydroxylases can support regeneration by enhancing angiogenesis and are therefore a promising tool for periodontology. Here we evaluate the release kinetics of the prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors dimethyloxalylglycine and l-mimosine from collagen barrier membranes. Dimethyloxalylglycine and l-mimosine were lyophilized onto the collagen barrier membranes. The morphology of the collagen barrier membranes was analysed using scanning electron microscopy. The release of prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors was assessed by colorimetric and spectroscopic methods. Their ability to induce a cellular response was assessed in bioassays with gingival and periodontal ligament fibroblasts based on vascular endothelial growth factor production, proliferation, and metabolic activity of the cells. We found that loading of collagen barrier membranes with prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors did not change the overall membrane morphology. Assessment of the release kinetics by direct measurements and based on vascular endothelial growth factor production showed that supernatants obtained from the collagen barrier membranes in the first 6 hours had a sufficient level of prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors to induce vascular endothelial growth factor production. A similar kinetic was found when cell proliferation was assessed. Changes in metabolic activity did not reach the level of significance in the MTT assay. In conclusion, collagen barrier membranes can release prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors thereby increasing the pro-angiogenic capacity of periodontal cells in vitro. These findings provide the basis for preclinical studies to evaluate the regenerative capacity of prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors in periodontology and oral surgery.
Overestimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Among Critically Ill Adults With Hospital-Acquired Oligoanuric Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Frazee Erin N. , Personett Heather A. , Wood-Wentz Christina M. , Herasevich Vitaly , Lieske John C. , Kashani Kianoush B. 
Published: October 2014

Background: Medication use in the intensive care unit (ICU) depends on creatinine-based glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimates. Urine output deterioration may precede the creatinine rise resulting in delayed recognition of GFR reductions. Our objective was to quantify the disparity between estimated GFR (eGFR) and true GFR in ICU patients with hospital-acquired oligoanuric acute kidney injury (hAKI). Methods: This single-center cohort study examined adults who met the Acute Kidney Injury Network stage III urine output criterion ≥48 hours after ICU admission. True GFR was ≤15 mL/min/1.73 m2, and eGFR was described by 6 different creatinine-based equations. True GFR and eGFR were compared on the day of hAKI diagnosis and followed for 4 days using multivariable linear regression with generalized estimating equations, adjusting for day and method. Results: Of the 691 patients screened, we enrolled 61 patients. After adjustment for multiple comparisons and day, there were significant differences in eGFR between the estimation methods and true GFR ( P < .001). After day adjustment, eGFR overestimated true GFR by 17 to 50 mL/min/1.73 m2 and overestimation persisted through the fourth day of hAKI ( P ≤ .001). Conclusion: Creatinine-based equations overestimated GFR in ICU patients with hAKI. This study highlights a population at risk of medication misadventures in whom systems optimization should be considered.
Community-Partnered Collaboration to Build an Integrated Palliative Care Clinic
Authors: Bergman Jonathan , Ballon-Landa Eric , Lorenz Karl A. , Saucedo Josemanuel , Saigal Christopher S. , Bennett Carol J. , Litwin Mark S. 
Published: October 2014

Background: We partnered with patients, families, and palliative care clinicians to develop an integrated urology–palliative care clinic for patients with metastatic cancer. We assessed clinician satisfaction with a multidisciplinary palliative care clinic model. Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 18 clinicians who practice in our integrated clinic. We analyzed transcripts using a multistage, cutting-and-sorting technique in an inductive approach based on grounded theory analysis. Finally, we administered a validated physician job satisfaction survey. Results: Clinicians found that referring a patient to palliative care in the urology clinic was feasible and appropriate. Patients were receptive to supportive care, and clinicians perceived that quality of care improved following the intervention. Conclusion: An integrated, patient-centered model for individuals with advanced urologic malignancies is feasible and well received by practitioners.
A retrospective analysis on the use and wean of tracheostomy in the major trauma patient
Authors: Wilson G , Harrall K , Burkitt S , Emmett S , Narula A 
Published: October 2014

Background Major trauma affects a wide patient demographic, and tracheostomy is often required to facilitate the ventilatory wean. We wanted to identify which patients were more likely to require a tracheostomy, and how a tracheostomy affected their inpatient stay. Methods Major trauma admissions that required intubation between 1st December 2010 and 1st August 2012 were included. Data was collected on age, pre-intubation Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) and Injury Severity Score (ISS). The inpatient course was evaluated to see how long the tracheostomy weaning process took and if the presence of a tracheostomy delayed hospital discharge. Results In our sample of 208 patients, there was no significant difference in age, pre-intubation GCS, APACHE II, or ISS between major trauma patients who did and did not require a tracheostomy. Patients with a tracheostomy had a longer period of intubation (8.3 vs. 3.4 days) and stay in the intensive care unit (ICU; 21.4 vs. 4.5 days). Decannulation took an average of 2.7 days to achieve from the moment of first cuff deflation, which occurred 15.5 days post-tracheostomy insertion (range 1–52 days). The time from ICU discharge to hospital discharge was similar in the two groups (10.7 days with tracheostomy, 10.2 days without tracheostomy). Conclusion Age, pre-intubation GCS, APACHE II, or ISS are predictive factors for tracheostomy in major trauma patients. Although patients with a tracheostomy had a longer period in the ICU requiring ventilation, their discharge was not otherwise delayed.
Impact of Loading and Rest Intervals on Muscle Inflammation
Authors: Gao Tianqi ‘Tenchi’ , Gallagher Sean 
Published: October 2014

The efficacy of many existing musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) treatment and preventive approaches remains unclear in current literature. Instead of applying additional measures that generate additional costs, redesigning the job in a MSD preventive way in the first place could be a cost effective and health promoting alternative. Manipulating rest intervals and load-repetition combinations within the work time and workload capacity constraints could qualify one of the beneficial alternatives. The purpose of this study is to determine whether different load-repetition combinations and rest intervals with different frequencies and durations would have an impact on the inflammatory response of the muscle and the development of MSDs within certain constraints – predetermined total work time, total rest time and total work volume. In this study, a total of 24 healthy college men with homogenous anthropometry measures will be randomly assigned to a 19-minute bicep eccentric exercise task including a total of 4-minute rest time. The total workload for all eccentric exercise treatment combinations is 27 times the maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MIVC). Within the shift, the subjects will be randomly assigned to 90% MIVC or 30% MIVC workloads; each subject will also be assigned with 2 minutes or 0.5 minute rest intervals. This pilot study uses the recoverable short-term delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) analogous to the long-term MSDs to imitate muscle inflammation and healing processes in MSD cases. Three physical responses: serum CK level (a quantitative marker for skeletal muscle microtrauma), MIVC (a good measure of the degree of muscle recovery), and muscle soreness are measured before exercise and at days 1, 2, 4, 8 post-exercise of the human elbow flexor muscles. A two-factor (loading and rest interval) factorial regression model will be established for muscle inflammatory response. The findings of the study would assist in understanding the effect of loading and rest on muscle inflammatory response and healing process as well as designing jobs with suitable rest intervals and load-repetition balance to prevent MSDs at manufacturing settings. The statistical regression model could provide guidance to implement ergonomic assessment tools.