bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obsidian use in the mosaic of the St. Juvenal church, Narni (Italy): chemical characterization and origin
Authors: Avino Pasquale , Moioli Pietro , Rosada Alberto , Seccaroni Claudio 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Tesserae from the mosaic on the front of the San Giovenale chapel inside the Narni Cathedral were analyzed through non-destructive XRF analysis for the characterization of both colouring matters and opacifiers of the glass matrix. Subsequently, the concentration of the elements present at trace levels (μg g-1) was determined by means of Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) for comparisons with obsidians of known provenance and well-studied micro-elemental composition, in order to identify the geographical origin of the obsidian used in this Middle Ages mosaic. The main result is that the black tesserae were made with obsidian fragments coming from the Sardinia deposits (probably, Arci Mountain site C).
DNA methylation dynamics during intestinal stem cell differentiation reveals enhancers driving gene expression in the villus
Authors: Kaaij Lucas TJ , van de Wetering Marc , Fang Fang , Decato Benjamin , Molaro Antoine , van de Werken Harmen JG , van Es Johan H , Schuijers Jurian , de Wit Elzo , de Laat Wouter , Hannon Gregory J , Clevers Hans C , Smith Andrew D , Ketting René F 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Background
DNA methylation is of pivotal importance during development. Previous genome-wide studies identified numerous differentially methylated regions upon differentiation of stem cells, many of them associated with transcriptional start sites.

Results
We present the first genome-wide, single-base-resolution view into DNA methylation dynamics during differentiation of a mammalian epithelial stem cell: the mouse small intestinal Lgr5+ stem cell. Very little change was observed at transcriptional start sites and our data suggest that differentiation-related genes are already primed for expression in the stem cell. Genome-wide, only 50 differentially methylated regions were identified. Almost all of these loci represent enhancers driving gene expression in the differentiated part of the small intestine. Finally, we show that binding of the transcription factor Tcf4 correlates with hypo-methylation and demonstrate that Tcf4 is one of the factors contributing to formation of differentially methylated regions.

Conclusions
Our results reveal limited DNA methylation dynamics during small intestine stem cell differentiation and an impact of transcription factor binding on shaping the DNA methylation landscape during differentiation of stem cells in vivo.
Amelioration of motor/sensory dysfunction and spasticity in a rat model of acute lumbar spinal cord injury by human neural stem cell transplantation
Authors: van Gorp Sebastiaan , Leerink Marjolein , Kakinohana Osamu , Platoshyn Oleksandr , Santucci Camila , Galik Jan , Joosten Elbert A , Hruska-Plochan Marian , Goldberg Danielle , Marsala Silvia , Johe Karl , Ciacci Joseph D , Marsala Martin 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Intraspinal grafting of human neural stem cells represents a promising approach to promote recovery of function after spinal trauma. Such a treatment may serve to: I) provide trophic support to improve survival of host neurons; II) improve the structural integrity of the spinal parenchyma by reducing syringomyelia and scarring in trauma-injured regions; and III) provide neuronal populations to potentially form relays with host axons, segmental interneurons, and/or α-motoneurons. Here we characterized the effect of intraspinal grafting of clinical grade human fetal spinal cord-derived neural stem cells (HSSC) on the recovery of neurological function in a rat model of acute lumbar (L3) compression injury.

Methods
Three-month-old female Sprague–Dawley rats received L3 spinal compression injury. Three days post-injury, animals were randomized and received intraspinal injections of either HSSC, media-only, or no injections. All animals were immunosuppressed with tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and methylprednisolone acetate from the day of cell grafting and survived for eight weeks. Motor and sensory dysfunction were periodically assessed using open field locomotion scoring, thermal/tactile pain/escape thresholds and myogenic motor evoked potentials. The presence of spasticity was measured by gastrocnemius muscle resistance and electromyography response during computer-controlled ankle rotation. At the end-point, gait (CatWalk), ladder climbing, and single frame analyses were also assessed. Syrinx size, spinal cord dimensions, and extent of scarring were measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Differentiation and integration of grafted cells in the host tissue were validated with immunofluorescence staining using human-specific antibodies.

Results
Intraspinal grafting of HSSC led to a progressive and significant improvement in lower extremity paw placement, amelioration of spasticity, and normalization in thermal and tactile pain/escape thresholds at eight weeks post-grafting. No significant differences were detected in other CatWalk parameters, motor evoked potentials, open field locomotor (Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan locomotion score (BBB)) score or ladder climbing test. Magnetic resonance imaging volume reconstruction and immunofluorescence analysis of grafted cell survival showed near complete injury-cavity-filling by grafted cells and development of putative GABA-ergic synapses between grafted and host neurons.

Conclusions
Peri-acute intraspinal grafting of HSSC can represent an effective therapy which ameliorates motor and sensory deficits after traumatic spinal cord injury.
Adsorption Behavior of Lanthanide Ions on Nonbiological Phospholipid Membranes: A Model Study Using Liposome
Authors: Yamasaki Shinya , Shirai Osamu , Kano Kenji , Kozai Naofumi , Sakamoto Fuminori , Ohnuki Toshihiko 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The adsorption behavior of lanthanide ions (except for Pm) on liposomes composed of phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol was examined to understand the interaction between lanthanide ions and the phosphoryl moiety of phospholipids. The adsorption of lanthanide ions increased with an increase in pH under the weakly acidic conditions. Selective adsorption with the local maximum at the Eu3+ ion and local minimum at the Er3+ ion was observed, similar to the selective adsorption of the bacterial cell surface but different from that of orthophosphates. These results indicate that the adsorption of lanthanide on the phospholipid does not result from simple adsorption on orthophosphate functional groups but by the composition and molecular structure of the phospholipid. Our results strongly suggest that liposomes can be used as a simple biomembrane model without any biological activity for the study of adsorption of lanthanide ions.
Development of Novel Inhibitors Specific for Human Heparanase-1
Authors: Ohmae Masashi , Fujita Yuki , Takada Junko , Kimura Shunsaku 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The octylglycosides 1–3 having heparan sulfate fragments were designed as inhibitors specific for human heparanase-1. Inhibition experiments for the heparanase revealed the inhibitory effects of 1 and 3 (IC50 = 6 and 1.4 mM, respectively). It was difficult for compound 2 to inhibit the heparanase activity. Furthermore, the inhibitory action of 3 was specific for the heparanase, whereas 1 and 2 also inhibited the hydrolysis activity of exoenzyme β-glucuronidase from bovine liver.
Thermostable α-Glucan Phosphorylase-catalyzed Successive α-Mannosylations
Authors: Shimohigoshi Riko , Takemoto Yasutaka , Yamamoto Kazuya , Kadokawa Jun-ichi 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
In this study, we found that thermostable α-glucan phosphorylase from Aquifex aeolicus VF5 catalyzed enzymatic successive α-mannosylations of maltotriose using α-d-mannose 1-phosphate as a glycosyl donor to produce nonnatural heterooligosaccharides composed of α-(1 → 4)-linked oligo-mannose residues at a nonreducing end of maltotriose.
Heterotriangulene as an Electron-transfer Mediator in Reduction of vic-Dibromide Compounds
Authors: Inagi Shinsuke , Kaihatsu Noriyuki , Kuribayashi Shunsuke , Fuchigami Toshio 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
A novel heterotriangulene derivative and its nonfused analogue were successfully prepared, and their electrochemical and optical properties were studied by cyclic voltammetry measurements and UV–vis and photoluminescence analyses. The mediatory use of the heterotriangulene derivative for the electrocatalytic reduction of dibromo compounds was also investigated.
Columnar and Smectic Mesophases Observed for Mixed Liquid Crystal Systems Using 4-Substituted Benzoic Acids
Authors: Iwata Takashi , Miyata Ryohei , Matsumoto Akikazu 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
We report liquid crystalline systems constructed by the hierarchical supramolecular self-organization of various substituted benzoic acid derivatives as the building blocks. Discotic lamellar and rectangular columnar phases and smectic phase were observed for the mixed liquid crystal systems consisting of 4-(1,3-alkadiynyl)benzoic acids (mPhDA), 4-(1-alkynyl)benzoic acids (mPhA), and 4-alkoxybenzoic acids (mOBA) as the components.
Zur Ermittlung des finanziellen Wertes von Medien einer Universitätsbibliothek
Authors: Klauß Henning 
Published: May 2013

Zusammenfassung:
In Bibliotheken ist die Angabe des Wertes der dort gesammelten Medien oftmals wichtig. Es wird hier ein dafür einsetzbares Verfahren erörtert, das einfach ist und arbeitssparend eingesetzt werden kann. Die Wertermittlung von Medien einer UB nimmt eine Summierung der durch degressive Abschreibung bestimmten Restwerte von Monographien und Zeitschriften vor. Aussonderungen werden an dieser Stelle der Abschreibung subsumiert. – Dieses Verfahren ist zwar an lokalen Gegebenheiten entwickelt, aber tauglich für Verallgemeinerungen; es ist mit Modifizierungen also in anderen Bibliotheken einsetzbar.
Impregnation of poplar wood (Populus euramericana) with methylolurea and sodium silicate sol and induction of in-situ gel polymerization by heating
Authors: Chen Heyu , Lang Qian , Bi Zeng , Miao Xinwei , Li Yu , Pu Junwen 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Poplar wood (Populus euramericana cv. “I-214”) has been impregnated by pulse dipping at 0.7–0.8 MPa for 30 min with a mixture of methylolurea and sodium silicate, and the sol modifier has been cured within the wood micropores by in situ gel polymerization by kiln drying, so that a Si-O-Si framework was formed. The treated wood acquired higher mechanical strength and its hygroscopicity was lowered. It was demonstrated by X-ray diffraction that sodium silicate crystallized within the interfibrillar region of the cell wall. Fourier transform infrared spectra showed that reactions occurred between the wood-OH, Si-OH, and N-CH2-OH from methylolurea to form C-O-Si and C-O-C bonds. As visible by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the Si-O-Si framework was embedded in the pretreated wood. Moreover, SEM-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis revealed that the modifier formed layers from various thicknesses ranging from a thin layer on the cell walls up to big amounts filling the lumen.
Microstructural characteristics of SiC-B4C reinforced laser alloying composite coatings
Authors: Wei Li 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
A hard SiC-B4C reinforced composite coating was fabricated by laser alloying of SiC-B4C+Al-Sn-Mo-Y2O3 mixed powders on a Ti-3Al-2V alloy. Al-Sn-Mo mixed powders were first used in the laser alloying technique to improve the wear resistance of titanium alloys. Proper selection of the laser alloying process parameters allows us to obtain a composite coating with a metallurgical combination with substrate. Under the action of Mo, fine particles with high microhardness were produced in the coating matrix and also hindered the formation of adhesion patches and deep plowing grooves during the sliding wear process, leading to the improvement of wear resistance of a titanium alloy substrate surface.
Strain Measures for Transfer Function Approaches to Resonant Column Testing
Authors: Ashlock Jeramy C. , Drnevich Vincent P. , Pak Ronald Y. S. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
This paper presents strain measures to accompany a recently developed transfer function approach for resonant column testing of soils using a free-free apparatus. Although a number of past studies have proposed the use of random excitation or transfer functions in various forms, the new approach is unique in that the transfer function does not involve the current or voltage from the electromagnetic drive system. Consequently, the approach eliminates the need for many device-dependent calibrations and properties, including the torque-current calibration factor, stiffness of the torsional spring connecting the active and passive beams, and mass moments of inertia for the active platen and active beam. A brief review is given of the frequency domain transfer function approach for determining the shear modulus and damping of soil and rock, and a new theoretical formulation is presented for the associated strains in the soil specimen in terms of the measured boundary motion. It is demonstrated that higher modes can possess zero arithmetic average strains; therefore, a root-mean-square strain is proposed and derived as an alternative strain metric that will be non-zero for any frequency at which a specimen is undergoing deformation. Excellent agreement is found between experimental data and the newly derived strain measures. The concepts presented herein are valid for use with harmonic or stepped-sine testing as well as broadband random excitation, whereby strains are obtained for a range of frequencies spanning multiple modes of vibration. The approach provides a rigorous theoretical model that accurately describes the physics of the experiment over a broad frequency range spanning multiple modes. Additionally, the modulus and damping can be arbitrary functions of the frequency parameter without a loss of generality in the theoretical formulation, enabling studies of frequency-dependent modulus and damping.
Comparison of In Situ and Laboratory Shear Wave Velocity Measurements in Compacted Backfill
Authors: Damm J. C. , Lewis M. R. , Stokoe K. H. , Moore D. P. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The construction of a new nuclear power plant requires an excavation over 27.4 m (90 ft) deep. The excavation is backfilled with compacted sandy soils. The power plant is embedded about 12.2 m (40 ft) below grade; thus bearing on about 15.2 m (50 ft) of compacted backfill. During licensing and design of the plant, the shear wave velocity profile of the proposed backfill was estimated using results from laboratory testing [combined resonant column and torsional shear (RCTS)] and in situ shear wave velocity measurements. RCTS tests were conducted on representative samples of potential borrow sources. In situ velocity measurements, which included spectral-analysis-of-surface waves (SASW) and cross-hole seismic testing methods, were conducted on a 6.1-m- (20-ft-) thick embedded test pad of the potential borrow. During construction of the production backfill, in situ shear wave velocity measurements, using SASW methods, were taken at four levels during backfill placement, spaced nominally 6.1 to 7.6 m (20 to 25 ft) apart. The fourth and final level of testing was conducted nominally at plant grade. Cross-hole seismic testing through the backfill was also conducted at this level. This paper compares the results of estimated values made during the licensing and design phases of the project, based primarily on laboratory test results, with in situ shear wave velocity measurements made during the actual construction. In particular, SASW results from the first two levels of backfill tested [about 7.6 and 15.2 m (25 and 50 ft) of backfill] are evaluated. Results from the final two test levels of backfill, along with results of cross-hole testing, were not available at this writing. The comparison of laboratory results and in situ testing provides good agreement. The assumptions made to develop the estimated values during the licensing phase are compared to the as-built measurements of shear wave velocity accounting for actual backfill materials and construction practices reflected in the in situ values.
»Eine ungeheuerliche Katastrophe, für die allein Hitler die Verantwortung trägt«. Vertrauliche Berichte des ungarischen Militär- und Luftfahrtattachés in Berlin, Vitéz Sándor Homlok, an den ungarischen königlichen Generalstabschef Ferenc Szombathelyi, 1942/43
Authors: Neitzel Sönke , Mago Laslo , Számvéber Norbert 
Published: May 2013

Zusammenfassung
Die bislang unbekannten Briefe des ungarischen Militär- und Luftfahrtattachés in Berlin Sándor Homlok an den ungarischen königlichen Generalstabschef Ferenc Szombathelyi zeigen in neuer Schärfe, wie sehr die Beziehung des Deutschen Reiches mit seinem Verbündeten Ungarn bereits vor der sowjetischen Winteroffensive 1942/43 von Konflikten und tiefem Misstrauen geprägt war. Der Bericht Homloks über sein Treffen mit Joachim Ribbentrop am 21. September 1942 verdeutlicht die Unfähigkeit des deutschen Außenministers, den ungarischen Attaché für sich einzunehmen und auf die Sorgen Budapests zumindest in symbolischer Weise einzugehen.
Homloks Briefe belegen zudem, dass er seiner Regierung ein einigermaßen zutreffendes Bild der operativen Lage auch über jene Fronten zeichnen konnte, an denen keine ungarischen Truppen eingesetzt waren. So war er etwa über den U-Boot-Krieg im Atlantik oder den Luftkrieg über Deutschland gut informiert. Er hatte auch Kenntnis von der massiven Kritik der Generalität an Hitlers Kriegführung und wusste von Plänen, den Diktator nach dem Stalingraddebakel durch eine Änderung der Spitzengliederung der Wehrmacht aus der operativen Kriegführung zu verdrängen. Bemerkenswerterweise erblickte er – reichlich realitätsfern – in dieser Führungskrise ein Vorspiel zu einer Militärdiktatur in Deutschland. Homlok bewertete die Gerüchte aus dem Führerhauptquartier somit vor einem spezifischen ungarischen Referenzrahmen und stieß in seinem Verständnis der inneren Verhältnisse des »Dritten Reiches« an kulturell determinierte Grenzen, die er nicht zu überschreiten vermochte.
Nachrichten aus der Forschung
Authors: Brunner Benedikt , Rees Joachim , Kriemann Hans-Peter , Drescher Veronika , Lenglachner Moritz , Höhn Friederike , du Roi Frédéric , Szelat Sebastian , Wehr Katharina 
Published: May 2013

Zusammenfassung
Benedikt Brunner
»Außenpolitik und Öffentlichkeit seit dem 19. Jahrhundert«. Tagung des Zentrums für Medien und Interaktivität Gießen und des Zentrums für Zeithistorische Forschung Potsdam, 2. bis 4. Februar 2012 in Gießen
Joachim Rees
»Treading the Border. Topographical Drawing, Military Sketching and Visual Espionage in Europe from the 16th to the 20th Century«. Internationales Arbeitsgespräch an der Freien Universität Berlin, Fachbereich Geschichts- und Kulturwissenschaften, Kunsthistorisches Institut, 3. Februar 2012 in Berlin
Hans-Peter Kriemann
»Lernorte in der militärgeschichtlichen Lehre«. 34. Dozentenkolloquium des Militärgeschichtlichen Forschungsamtes, 7. bis 11. Mai 2012 in Dresden
Veronika Drescher und Moritz Lenglachner
»Ich erklär dir den Krieg!« – Anlässe und Ausreden für bewaffnete Konflikte von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart, Tagung der Karl-Franzens-Universität, 9. bis 11. Mai 2012 in Graz
Friederike Höhn
Neue Forschungen zum Zweiten Weltkrieg. Workshop des Militärgeschichtlichen Forschungsamtes, 10. bis 11. Mai 2012 in Potsdam
Frédéric du Roi
»Militär und Geschichtspolitik«. Jahrestagung des Arbeitskreises »Politik und Geschichte« in der Deutschen Vereinigung für Politikwissenschaft (DVPW) in Kooperation mit dem Fachbereich Human- und Sozialwissenschaften an der Führungsakademie der Bundeswehr, 31. Mai bis 1. Juni 2012 in Hamburg
Sebastian Szelat und Katharina Wehr
»Militärgeschichtliche Editionen heute: Neue Anforderungen, alte Probleme?« Workshop des Militärgeschichtlichen Forschungsamtes, 1. bis 2. Juni 2012 in Potsdam
Etiology of Ethnic Differences in Childhood Spirometry
Authors: Strippoli Marie-Pierre Françoise , Kuehni Claudia Elisabeth , Dogaru Cristian Mihai , Spycher Ben Daniel , McNally Teresa , Silverman Michael , Beardsmore Caroline Sarah 
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVES:Age- and height-adjusted spirometric lung function of South Asian children is lower than those of white children. It is unclear whether this is purely genetic, or partly explained by the environment. In this study, we assessed whether cultural factors, socioeconomic status, intrauterine growth, environmental exposures, or a family and personal history of wheeze contribute to explaining the ethnic differences in spirometric lung function.METHODS:We studied children aged 9 to 14 years from a population-based cohort, including 1088 white children and 275 UK-born South Asians. Log-transformed spirometric data were analyzed using multiple linear regressions, adjusting for anthropometric factors. Five different additional models adjusted for (1) cultural factors, (2) indicators of socioeconomic status, (3) perinatal data reflecting intrauterine growth, (4) environmental exposures, and (5) personal and family history of wheeze.RESULTS:Height- and gender-adjusted forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expired volume in 1 second (FEV1) were lower in South Asian than white children (relative difference –11% and –9% respectively, P &lt; .001), but PEF and FEF50 were similar (P ≥ .5). FEV1/FVC was higher in South Asians (1.8%, P &lt; .001). These differences remained largely unchanged in all 5 alternative models.CONCLUSIONS:Our study confirmed important differences in lung volumes between South Asian and white children. These were not attenuated after adjustment for cultural and socioeconomic factors and intrauterine growth, neither were they explained by differences in environmental exposures nor a personal or family history of wheeze. This suggests that differences in lung function may be mainly genetic in origin. The implication is that ethnicity-specific predicted values remain important specifically for South Asian children.
Providing Care for Children and Adolescents Facing Homelessness and Housing Insecurity
Authors:   COUNCIL ON COMMUNITY PEDIATRICS, Briggs Melissa A. , Granado-Villar Deise C. , Gitterman Benjamin A. , Brown Jeffrey M. , Chilton Lance A. , Cotton William H. , Gambon Thresia B. , Gorski Peter A. , Kraft Colleen A. , Kuo Alice A. , Paz-Soldan Gonzalo J. , Zind Barbara 
Published: May 2013

This Policy Statement was reaffirmed October 2016 and February 2022.
Child health and housing security are closely intertwined, and children without homes are more likely to suffer from chronic disease, hunger, and malnutrition than are children with homes. Homeless children and youth often have significant psychosocial development issues, and their education is frequently interrupted. Given the overall effects that homelessness can have on a child’s health and potential, it is important for pediatricians to recognize the factors that lead to homelessness, understand the ways that homelessness and its causes can lead to poor health outcomes, and when possible, help children and families mitigate some of the effects of homelessness. Through practice change, partnership with community resources, awareness, and advocacy, pediatricians can help optimize the health and well-being of children affected by homelessness.
Low Voltage Tunable One Dimensional Photonic Crystal with Large Air Defects
Authors: Yi Yasha , Bermel Peter , Wada Kazumi , Duan Xiaoman , Joannopoulos John D. , Kimerling Lionel C. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA one-dimensional Si/SiO2 photonic crystal with a large, tunable air defect cavity is fabricated. Multiple resonant modes are observed within the photonic band gap. The free spectral range (FSR) is large compared to other resonant structures, with more than 100nm bandwidth. Simultaneous low voltage tuning around two telecom wavelengths, 1.55μm and 1.3μm, is realized using electrostatic force. The whole process is at low temperature and can be CMOS compatible. Potential applications include switching, modulation, and wavelength conversion devices, particularly WDM devices.