bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relative accuracy of three common methods of parentage analysis in natural populations
Authors: Harrison Hugo B. , Saenz‐Agudelo Pablo , Planes Serge , Jones Geoffrey P. , Berumen Michael L. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractParentage studies and family reconstructions have become increasingly popular for investigating a range of evolutionary, ecological and behavioural processes in natural populations. However, a number of different assignment methods have emerged in common use and the accuracy of each may differ in relation to the number of loci examined, allelic diversity, incomplete sampling of all candidate parents and the presence of genotyping errors. Here, we examine how these factors affect the accuracy of three popular parentage inference methods (colony, famoz and an exclusion‐Bayes’ theorem approach by Christie (Molecular Ecology Resources, 2010a, 10, 115) to resolve true parent–offspring pairs using simulated data. Our findings demonstrate that accuracy increases with the number and diversity of loci. These were clearly the most important factors in obtaining accurate assignments explaining 75–90% of variance in overall accuracy across 60 simulated scenarios. Furthermore, the proportion of candidate parents sampled had a small but significant impact on the susceptibility of each method to either false‐positive or false‐negative assignments. Within the range of values simulated, colony outperformed FaMoz, which outperformed the exclusion‐Bayes’ theorem method. However, with 20 or more highly polymorphic loci, all methods could be applied with confidence. Our results show that for parentage inference in natural populations, careful consideration of the number and quality of markers will increase the accuracy of assignments and mitigate the effects of incomplete sampling of parental populations.
Cytonuclear discordance among Southeast Asian black rats (Rattus rattus complex)
Authors: Pagès Marie , Bazin Eric , Galan Maxime , Chaval Yannick , Claude Julien , herbreteau Vincent , Michaux Johan , Piry Sylvain , Morand Serge , Cosson Jean‐François 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBlack rats are major invasive vertebrate pests with severe ecological, economic and health impacts. Remarkably, their evolutionary history has received little attention, and there is no firm agreement on how many species should be recognized within the black rat complex. This species complex is native to India and Southeast Asia. According to current taxonomic classification, there are three taxa living in sympatry in several parts of Thailand, Cambodia and Lao People's Democratic Republic, where this study was conducted: two accepted species (Rattus tanezumi, Rattus sakeratensis) and an additional mitochondrial lineage of unclear taxonomic status referred to here as ‘Rattus R3’. We used extensive sampling, morphological data and diverse genetic markers differing in rates of evolution and parental inheritance (two mitochondrial DNA genes, one nuclear gene and eight microsatellite loci) to assess the reproductive isolation of these three taxa. Two close Asian relatives, Rattus argentiventer and Rattus exulans, were also included in the genetic analyses. Genetic analyses revealed discordance between the mitochondrial and nuclear data. Mitochondrial phylogeny studies identified three reciprocally monophyletic clades in the black rat complex. However, studies of the phylogeny of the nuclear exon interphotoreceptor retinoid‐binding protein gene and clustering and assignation analyses with eight microsatellites failed to separate R. tanezumi and R3. Morphometric analyses were consistent with nuclear data. The incongruence between mitochondrial and nuclear (and morphological) data rendered R. tanezumi/R3 paraphyletic for mitochondrial lineages with respect to R. sakeratensis. Various evolutionary processes, such as shared ancestral polymorphism and incomplete lineage sorting or hybridization with massive mitochondrial introgression between species, may account for this unusual genetic pattern in mammals.
Stream hierarchy defines riverscape genetics of a North American desert fish
Authors: Hopken Matthew W. , Douglas Marlis R. , Douglas Michael E. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractGlobal climate change is apparent within the Arctic and the south‐western deserts of North America, with record drought in the latter reflected within 640 000 km2 of the Colorado River Basin. To discern the manner by which natural and anthropogenic drivers have compressed Basin‐wide fish biodiversity, and to establish a baseline for future climate effects, the Stream Hierarchy Model (SHM) was employed to juxtapose fluvial topography against molecular diversities of 1092 Bluehead Sucker (Catostomus discobolus). MtDNA revealed three geomorphically defined evolutionarily significant units (ESUs): Bonneville Basin, upper Little Colorado River and the remaining Colorado River Basin. Microsatellite analyses (16 loci) reinforced distinctiveness of the Bonneville Basin and upper Little Colorado River, but subdivided the Colorado River Basin into seven management units (MUs). One represents a cline of three admixed gene pools comprising the mainstem and its lower‐gradient tributaries. Six others are not only distinct genetically but also demographically (i.e. migrants/generation <9.7%). Two of these (i.e. Grand Canyon and Canyon de Chelly) are defined by geomorphology, two others (i.e. Fremont‐Muddy and San Raphael rivers) are isolated by sharp declivities as they drop precipitously from the west slope into the mainstem Colorado/Green rivers, another represents an isolated impoundment (i.e. Ringdahl Reservoir), while the last corresponds to a recognized subspecies (i.e. Zuni River, NM). Historical legacies of endemic fishes (ESUs) and their evolutionary potential (MUs) are clearly represented in our data, yet their arbiter will be the unrelenting natural and anthropogenic water depletions that will precipitate yet another conservation conflict within this unique but arid region.
The Staphylococcus aureusOpp1 ABC transporter imports nickel and cobalt in zinc‐depleted conditions and contributes to virulence
Authors: Remy Laetitia , Carrière Marie , Derré‐Bobillot Aurélie , Martini Cécilia , Sanguinetti Maurizio , Borezée‐Durant Elise 
Published: December 2012

SummaryMetals are common enzymatic cofactors, and their acquisition must be assured under the various conditions encountered in the host. Although some strategies for acquisition of common metals such as iron and manganese have been elucidated, little is known about the conditions and mechanisms used to capture trace metals. Nickel is a transition metal required as a cofactor for several bacterial enzymes, including urease. Staphylococcus aureus does express a nickel ABC transporter, Nik, which functions in metal‐replete medium and is necessary for nickel urease activity and urinary tract colonization. In this work, we identified a novel cobalt and nickel transporter, which we named Cnt (previously annotated Opp1), in the major opportunistic pathogen S. aureus. Metal transport activity was revealed by growing cells in a chemically defined medium devoid of metals. Zinc specifically inhibits Cnt‐mediated nickel and cobalt uptake, on both functional and transcriptional levels. Mortality due to S. aureus cnt mutant in systemic infection and colonization of the bladder and kidneys in ascending urinary tract infection model were reduced compared to the parent strain. This study identifies a novel S. aureus trace metal transporter and its restricted conditions of activity, and establishes its role in infection.
ChineseGuanxi: An Integrative Review and New Directions for Future Research
Authors: Chen Chao C. , Chen Xiao-Ping , Huang Shengsheng 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn this article we review research on Chineseguanxiand social networking in the past twenty years and identify the major perspectives, theories, and methodologies used inguanxiresearch at micro and macro levels. We summarize the main findings of over 200 journal articles onguanxiresearch in terms of its conceptual definitions and measurements, its antecedents and consequences, and its dynamics and processes. Furthermore, we identify the gaps between different levels ofguanxiresearch and discuss future directions to advance our understanding of the complex and intricateguanxiphenomenon.
Hexanoic acid is a resistance inducer that protects tomato plants against Pseudomonas syringae by priming the jasmonic acid and salicylic acid pathways
Authors: Scalschi Loredana , Vicedo Begonya , Camañes Gemma , Fernandez‐Crespo Emma , Lapeña Leonor , González‐Bosch Carmen , García‐Agustín Pilar 
Published: December 2012

SummaryHexanoic acid‐induced resistance (Hx‐IR) is effective against several pathogens in tomato plants. Our study of the mechanisms implicated in Hx‐IR against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 suggests that hexanoic acid (Hx) treatment counteracts the negative effect of coronatine (COR) and jasmonyl‐isoleucine (JA‐Ile) on the salicylic acid (SA) pathway. In Hx‐treated plants, an increase in the expression of jasmonic acid carboxyl methyltransferase (JMT) and the SA marker genes PR1 and PR5 indicates a boost in this signalling pathway at the expense of a decrease in JA‐Ile. Moreover, Hx treatment potentiates 12‐oxo‐phytodienoic acid accumulation, which suggests that this molecule might play a role per se in Hx‐IR. These results support a positive relationship between the SA and JA pathways in Hx‐primed plants. Furthermore, one of the mechanisms of virulence mediated by COR is stomatal re‐opening on infection with P. syringae. In this work, we observed that Hx seems to inhibit stomatal opening in planta in the presence of COR, which suggests that, on infection in tomato, this treatment suppresses effector action to prevent bacterial entry into the mesophyll.
Modification in swallowing and ventilation co‐ordination during hypercapnia, hypoxia, and tachypnea in unrestrained animals
Authors: Ghannouchi I. , Duclos C. , Marie J. P. , Verin E. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackground  It has been demonstrated that aspirations could occur during respiratory failure, explained by a lack of co‐ordination between swallowing and ventilation. To test this hypothesis, we examined the co‐ordination of ventilation and swallowing in a completely unrestrained rat model during different level of hypercapnia, during hypoxia, and during tachypnea.Methods  A total of 50 male Wistar rats (250–350 g) were studied in a barometric plethysmograph to analyze swallowing and ventilation during swallowing, at different gas concentration [room air (G1), 10% of O2 and 0% of CO2 (G2), 21% of O2 and 5% of CO2 (G3), 21% of O2 and 10% of CO2 (G4), tachypnea (G5)].Key Results  During hypoxia, there was no difference between G2 and G1 regarding the swallowing parameters and ventilatory parameters. During hypercapnia, there was an increase in swallowing during inspiration in G4 (16 ± 20%P < 0.01) compared with G1. The analysis of ventilatory parameters during swallowing showed an increase in tidal volume (VT) and mean inspiratory time (VT/TI) (P < 0.001) with no change in respiratory cycle duration (TTOT), inspiratory time (TI), and expiratory time (TE) when compared with G1. During tachypnea (G5), the VT decreased (P < 0.05) without any change in VT/TI.Conclusions & Inferences  Our results on animal demonstrated that hypercapnia increased swallowing during inspiration, which was not the case for tachypnea or hypoxia, and could explain some aspirations during respiratory failure.
γ‐aminobutyric acid‐mediated neurotransmission in cerebellar–hypothalamic circuit attenuates gastric mucosal injury induced by ischemia‐reperfusion
Authors: Du D. S. , Zhu T. , Ren S. T. , Xie G. L. , Li S. B. , Chu D. C. , Liu X. T. , Liu M. , Ma X. B. , Zhou M. H. , Zhu D. N. , Deng Z. X. , Wang J. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackground  Excessive greater splanchnic nerve (GSN) activation contributes to the progression of gastric ischemia‐reperfusion (GI‐R) injury. This study was designed to investigate the protective mechanism of cerebellar fastigial nucleus (FN) stimulation against GI‐R injury.Methods  The GI‐R injury model was induced in rats by clamping the celiac artery for 30 min, and then reperfusion for 30 min, 1, 3, 6, or 24 h, respectively.Key Results  Microinjection of l‐Glu (3, 6, 12 μg) into the FN dose‐dependently attenuated GI‐R injury and GSN activity. In addition, there was an enhancement of gastric mucosal blood flow in GI‐R rats. Pretreatment with the glutamic acid decarboxylase antagonist into the FN, the GABAA receptor antagonist into the lateral hypothalamic area or lesion of superior cerebellar peduncle all reversed the protective effects of the FN stimulation. Furthermore, the FN stimulation reduced the TUNEL‐positive gastric mucosal cell and Bax‐positive gastric mucosal cell in GI‐R rats.Conclusions & Inferences  These results indicate that the protective effects of the FN stimulation against GI‐R injury may be mediated by attenuation of the excessive GSN activation, gastric mucosal cell apoptosis, and Bax expression in GI‐R rats.
The effect of 5Hz high‐frequency rTMS over contralesional pharyngeal motor cortex in post‐stroke oropharyngeal dysphagia: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Park J.‐W. , Oh J.‐C. , Lee J.‐W. , Yeo J.‐S. , Ryu K. H. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackground  We sought to find the therapeutic effect of 5Hz high‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the unaffected pharyngeal motor cortex in post‐stroke dysphagic patients.Methods  Eighteen patients with unilateral hemispheric stroke oropharyngeal dysphagia that lasted more than 1 month were randomly divided into two groups. They all performed videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) before rTMS intervention. The experimental group (EG) received 5Hz rTMS over contra‐lesional pharyngeal motor cortex for 10 min per day for 2 weeks. The control group (CG) received sham stimulation under the same condition. Videofluoroscopic swallowing study were performed again just after treatment cessation and 2 weeks afterward. The evaluation was performed using videofluoroscopic dysphagia scale (VDS) and penetration‐aspiration scale (PAS).Key Results  Mean baseline VDS and PAS of EG was 33.6 ± 12.1 and 3.41 ± 2.32 respectively and the scores were reduced to 25.3 ± 9.8 and 1.93 ± 1.52 just after 2 weeks intervention (P < 0.05). This effect lasted for up to 2 weeks after treatment. However, there was no change in the CG. Baseline prevalence of aspiration, pharyngeal residue, delayed triggering of pharyngeal swallowing and abnormal pharyngeal transit time (PTT) in EG was 66.7%, 66.7%, 33.3%, and 44.4%, respectively. After rTMS, the prevalence of aspiration and pharyngeal residue was reduced to 33.3% and 33.3%, respectively. However, the prevalence of delayed triggering and abnormal PTT was not changed.Conclusions & Inferences  A 5Hz high‐frequency rTMS on contra‐lesional pharyngeal motor cortex might be beneficial for post‐stroke dysphagic patients. This intervention can be used as a new treatment method in post‐stroke patients with dysphagia.
A phase 2a, randomized, double‐blind 28‐day study of TZP‐102 a ghrelin receptor agonist for diabetic gastroparesis
Authors: Ejskjaer N. , Wo J. M. , Esfandyari T. , Mazen Jamal M. , Dimcevski G. , Tarnow L. , Malik R. A. , Hellström P. M. , Mondou E. , Quinn J. , Rousseau F. , McCallum R. W. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackground  Gastroparesis causes significant morbidity and treatment options are limited. TZP‐102 a novel, macrocyclic, selective, oral ghrelin receptor agonist, was evaluated in a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial in patients with diabetic gastroparesis.Methods  A total of 92 outpatients were randomized to once‐daily administrations of 10‐mg (n = 22), 20‐mg (n = 21), 40‐mg (n = 23) TZP‐102 or placebo (n = 26). The primary endpoint was the change from baseline in gastric half‐emptying time (T½) utilizing 13C‐breath test methodology and secondary endpoints included symptom improvement using patient‐reported gastroparesis symptom scores (PAGI‐SYM questionnaire) and patient and physician overall treatment evaluations (OTE).Key Results  Gastric T½ changes were not statistically significant between TZP‐102 and placebo after 28 days of treatment at any dose. Clinical improvements (−1.0 to −1.4 point mean decrease in symptom severity) occurred in the Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index (GCSI) component of the PAGI‐SYM, which was significant vs placebo for all TZP‐102 doses combined. Improvements became evident after 1 week of treatment. Significantly, more patients given TZP‐102 (any dose) had a 50% reduction in baseline GCSI score (28.8%vs 7.7% placebo). Safety profiles were similar across groups. All TZP‐102 doses were well‐tolerated with no adverse cardiac, weight, or glucose control outcomes.Conclusions & Inferences  TZP‐102 for 28 days, at doses of 10–40 mg once daily, was well‐tolerated and resulted in a reduction in symptoms of gastroparesis. The lack of correlation between symptom improvement and gastric emptying change is consistent with previous studies in diabetic gastroparesis, and emphasizes the value of patient‐defined outcomes in determining therapeutic benefit.
The Impact of Early PostOperative Pain on Health‐Related Quality of Life
Authors: Taylor Rod S. , Ullrich Kristin , Regan Sophie , Broussard Christina , Schwenkglenks Matthias , Taylor Rebecca J. , Gordon Debra B. , Zaslansky Ruth , Meissner Winfried , Rothaug Judith , Langford Richard ,   The PAIN‐OUT investigators
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjectivesTo examine how the severity of postoperative pain affects patient's health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) at 1 week following surgery and to compare two generic validated HRQoL instruments.MethodsPatients undergoing general or orthopaedic surgery at the Royal London Hospital were randomly sampled. The following patient outcome data were collected EQ‐5D (EuroQoL) pre‐operatively and the Revised American Pain Society Patient Outcome Questionnaire (APS‐POQ‐R) at 24 hours postoperation; and EQ‐5D, Short‐Form‐12 (SF‐12) and APS‐POQ‐R at 7 days postoperation. The degree of association between pain and HRQoL was assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multivariate generalized linear regression models.ResultsOf the 228 patients included, 166 patients provided data at 7 days. Sixteen percent reported severe pain ≥ 50% of the day at 7 days. The severity of pain on both the APS‐POQ‐R pain severity and interference and affective impairment domains at 7 days was highly correlated with a decrease in HRQoL as assessed by the SF‐12 Physical Component Score (PCS), SF‐12 Mental Component Score (MCS), and EQ‐5D scores (r = −0.34 to −0.61, P < 0.0001). Multivariate regression analyses showed that irrespective of confounding factors (eg, age, gender, and pre‐operative HRQoL) patients with severe postoperative pain experience important reductions in both physical and mental well‐being domains of their HRQoL.ConclusionsA proportion of patients continue to experience severe pain at 7 days postoperatively, even after minor surgery. HRQoL is strongly associated with the level of pain and provides additional data on the impact of postsurgery pain on patient's function and well‐being. Additional studies are needed to elucidate the interaction between pain severity and HRQoL during the peri‐operative period.
In vitro Survival of Follicles Collected from Domestic Cats' Ovaries at Different Stages of Oestrous Cycle and Cultured with IGF‐1
Authors: Alves EA , Padilha L , Savi PA , Apparicio MF , Mostachio GQ , Motheo TF , Pires‐Buttler EA , Vicente WRR , Luvoni GC 
Published: December 2012

ContentsOptimal conditions for in vitro culture of feline ovarian follicles have not yet been defined. Follicular development is regulated by intraovarian growth factors, as insulin‐like growth factor (IGF‐1), and during the different stages of the oestrous cycle, follicles are exposed to specific hormonal environments. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of IGF‐1 on in vitro growth and granulosa cell (GC) viability of preantral follicles collected from domestic cats at follicular and luteal phases of the oestrous cycle. Oestrus and ovulation were induced in 12 cats. A total of 39 and 32 follicles collected at the follicular and luteal phases, respectively, were individually cultured in vitro for 6 days in minimum essential medium media supplemented with or without IGF‐1 (100 ng/ml). Follicles collected during the follicular phase and cultured without IGF‐1 displayed a significant increase in size and higher GC viability (46.5 ± 22.1 μm, 66.7%, respectively) than that of follicles collected at the luteal phase and cultured without IGF‐1 (26.7 ± 14.4 μm, 50%, respectively; p < 0.05). In contrast, when IGF‐1 was added to the culture medium, no differences were observed in size or GC viability between follicles collected at the two phases of the cycle. Nonetheless, follicles collected at the luteal phase and cultured with IGF‐1 had a significant increase in their diameter and GC viability (31.9 ± 15.9 μm, 63.6%, respectively) than that cultured without IGF‐1 (26.7 ± 14.4 μm, 50%, respectively; p < 0.05). These data suggest that in vitro growth and GC survival of feline preantral follicles are affected by the oestrous cycle phase, and the IGF‐1 exerts a positive effect on follicles collected at the luteal phase.
Canine Fibroblasts Expressing Human Transcription Factors: What is in the Route for the Production of Canine Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Gonçalves NJN , Bressan FF , Souza A , Martins DS , Miglino MA , Meirelles FV , Perecin F , Ambrósio CE 
Published: December 2012

ContentsThe aim of this study was to further clarify the mechanisms involved in inducing pluripotency using canine foetal fibroblast cells. The two pluripotency‐related transcription factors, OCT4 and SOX2, coupled to a fluorescent reporter gene were transduced, individually or in combination, using a lentiviral system. Stable transgenic cell lineages were obtained and canine cells showed to be highly responsive to the integration and expression of human SOX2 and OCT4, also depending on the amount of virus used for incubation. Such positive results are essential for the establishment of pluripotency induction through the incorporation of known transcription factors into the genome of somatic cells.