bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural remedies proposed for the management of diabetic retinopathy (DR): diabetic complications
Authors: Khidr Emad Gamil , Morad Nourhan Ibrahim , Hatem Shymaa , El-Dessouki Ahmed M. , Mohamed Ahmed F. , El-Shiekh Riham A. , Hafeez Mohamed S. Abd El , Ghaiad Heba R. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) represents a significant and serious complication associated with diabetes mellitus (DM), often resulting in considerable visual impairment or even blindness. The intricate pathological processes underlying DR complicate the effectiveness of current treatment modalities. Studies have highlighted the potential of natural products in the treatment of DR via several beneficial effects including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-neovascular, and anti-apoptotic properties. Flavonoids, saponins, saccharides, and alkaloids exhibited various beneficial effects in DR in in vivo and in vitro studies. However, the clinical utilization of these natural compounds is hindered by issues such as inadequate specificity, low bioavailability, and potential toxicity. Therefore, there is a pressing need for rigorous clinical studies to confirm the efficacy of natural products in preventing or mitigating the progression of DR.
Non-Autonomous Degenerate Parabolic Equations with Robin Boundary Conditions: Carleman Estimates and Null-Controllability
Authors: Akil Mohammad , Fragnelli Genni , Ismail Sarah 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Earth’s climate system naturally adjusts to maintain a balance between the energy received from the Sun and the energy reflected back into space, a concept known as the “Earth’s radiation budget”. However, this balance has been disrupted by human activities, leading to global warming. Starting from the energy balance model proposed by Budyko and Sellers, and considering a time-dependent diffusion coefficient, we prove the null-controllability of non-autonomous degenerate parabolic problems, in the sense that the Earth achieves a desired temperature, by finding new Carleman estimates for the non-homogeneous adjoint problems. At the degeneracy point, we impose Robin boundary condition which is appropriate for modeling heat transfer at the Earth’s surface. Moreover, we provide the equivalence between null-controllability and observability inequality for the non-autonomous case. At the end, we present some extensions and open problems.
Thymine as potential biomarker to predict 5-FU systemic exposure in patients with gastro-intestinal cancer: a prospective pharmacokinetic study (FUUT-trial)
Authors: Hanrath Maarten A. , Banken Evi , van den Wildenberg Sebastian A. H. , van de Kerkhof Daan , Moes Dirk Jan A. R. , Boisdron-Celle Michele , van den Bosch Bianca J. C. , Bax Ramon , Bet Pierre M. , Maring Jan Gerard , Creemers Geert-Jan M. , van Hellemond Irene. E. G. , Deenen Maarten J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
In 20–30% of the patients, fluoropyrimidines (5-FU) based chemotherapy leads to severe toxicity, which is associated with dihydropyridine dehydrogenase (DPD) deficiency. Therefore, DPYD genotyping became standard practice before treatment with fluoropyrimidines. Nevertheless, only 17% of the patients with severe toxicity have a DPYD variant. Therefore, an urgent need persists to investigate other strategies contributing to prediction and prevention of toxicity. Endogenous DPD substrates are considered as potential biomarkers to predict toxicity, yet contradictional data exist on demonstrating uracil as a reliable biomarker. Thymine as biomarker for toxicity has been investigated less. The aim of this study was to determine the association between the concentrations of uracil, thymine dihydrouracil (DHU) and dihydrothymine (DHT), with the systemic drug exposure of 5-FU and DPD enzyme activity in patients treated with 5-FU.

Methods
We included 36 patients with gastrointestinal malignancy who received 5-FU infusion. DPYD genotyping was conducted before start of treatment. Blood samples for determining 5-FU, uracil and thymine concentrations during infusion and DPD enzyme activity were taken.

Results
We found a significant correlation between the 5-FU systematic exposure and baseline thymine concentrations (R
2 = 0.1468; p = 0.0402). DPD enzyme activity was significantly correlated with baseline thymine concentrations but no correlation was found between DPD enzyme activity and 5-FU systemic drug exposure.

Conclusion
5-FU dose individualization based on thymine concentrations could be a promising addition to DPYD genotyping to predict 5-FU-induced toxicity. Larger prospective trials are needed to examine thymine as predictor for toxicity in daily practice.

Trial registration
Trial NL7539 at ‘Overview of Medical Research in the Netherlands’ (ID NL-OMON21471). Date of registration 19-02-2019.
PIV measurements within roughness grooves with enhanced wall reflection suppression
Authors: Abu Rowin Wagih , Manovski Peter , Chung Daniel , Hutchins Nicholas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Wall reflection of laser light in particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements is one of the limiting factors in obtaining velocity information in the vicinity of rough walls. In this wind tunnel study, wall reflections for stereoscopic PIV (SPIV) measurements over a rough wall are suppressed by coating the rough surface with fluorescent paint to shift the diffuse-reflected light to a higher wavelength. A narrow band-pass filter employed on the imaging lenses extinguishes the majority of this wavelength-shifted surface-reflected laser light, allowing particle images to be recorded in the near-wall vicinity. Three different fluorescent paints were evaluated. Rhodamine 6G was found to have the best performance for suppressing wall and background reflections. Reliable velocity measurements with this technique were obtained as close as 500 µm (

$$\sim 5.0$$

∼
5.0

wall units) from the base of the roughness valleys. The technique was successfully used with SPIV to detect the secondary motions within riblet valleys.
Voluntary physical activity suppresses adipocyte hypertrophy through the activation of cGMP mediated pathway in a fructose-induced metabolic syndrome model in rat
Authors: Tayfur Pınar , Palabiyik Orkide , Meric Burcu , Tastekin Ebru , Vardar Selma Arzu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
A high-fructose diet is supposed to induce the so-called metabolic syndrome, associated with increased fat deposition in adipose tissue. Physical exercise may counteract the induction of the metabolic syndrome. The present study aims to investigate the effect of voluntary physical activity (VPA) on cGMP-mediated lipolysis in retroperitoneal adipose tissue in a metabolic syndrome model induced in rats by a high-fructose diet.

Methods
Male Sprague-Dawley rats in control and fructose (F) groups had free access to either plain drinking water or a solution of 20% D-fructose, combined with a standard diet for 8 wk. Rats in the fructose + activity (F + A) group performed voluntary physical activity with a running wheel. Blood pressure, serum glucose, lipids and natriuretic peptide levels were measured on the last day of the feeding period. In retroperitoneal adipose tissue, cGMP, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), perilipin-1, aquaglyceroporin levels, and adipocyte diameter were analyzed.

Results
Systolic blood pressure, glucose, and triacylglycerol were higher in the F groups compared to the control. The C-type natriuretic peptide was higher in the F group compared to the control. The cGMP level in retroperitoneal adipose tissue was higher in the F + A group than F group. Higher HSL and perilipin-1 levels were observed in the F + A group compared to the F and control groups. Adipocyte diameter was lower in the F + A group compared to the F group.

Conclusion
Regular physical exercise triggers lipolytic effects in adipose tissue through cGMP, HSL, and perilipin-1-mediated pathway in fructose-induced metabolic syndrome model in rats, preventing the increase in adipocyte diameter.
Minimal important change of the Western Ontario Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder (WOOS) index in patients with glenohumeral osteoarthritis and rotator cuff tear arthropathy
Authors: Larsen Josefine Beck , Thillemann Theis Muncholm , Launonen Antti P. , Østergaard Helle Kvistgaard , Falstie-Jensen Thomas , Sumrein Bakir , Zivanovic Srdjan , Jensen Steen Lund , Mechlenburg Inger , Ponkilainen Ville 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction
The Minimal Important Change (MIC) for patient-reported outcome measures is the value that describes the smallest improvement considered worthwhile by patients. To the best of our knowledge, no MIC of the Western Ontario Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder Index (WOOS) score or the Disabilities of the Arm Shoulder and Hand (DASH) has been reported using the anchor-based predictive modeling approach based on patients with glenohumeral osteoarthritis or rotator cuff tear arthropathy. The aim of this study was to determine the MIC for WOOS and DASH in a cohort of patients with glenohumeral osteoarthritis or rotator cuff tear arthropathy treated with a total shoulder arthroplasty.

Materials and methods
Data on 231 patients were collected at four hospitals in Denmark and Finland. Data were collected at baseline and 12 weeks after surgery. At 12 weeks, the patients were asked about their perceived overall improvement after surgery measured by the Patient Global Impression of Change (PGI-C). The MIC was estimated for the WOOS and DASH using the adjusted predictive modeling approach with the PGI-C as an anchor.

Results
Of the 231 included patients, 104 were included in the MIC analysis. Patients had a mean age of 71 years and 56% were women. The estimated adjusted MIC for the WOOS score was 13.3 (-6.2; 23.3) and 7.2 (12.8; 1.7) for DASH.

Conclusion
For patients with glenohumeral osteoarthritis or rotator cuff tear arthropathy treated with a total shoulder arthroplasty, the estimated MIC for was 13.3 for WOOS and 7.2 for DASH. The estimates show wide confidence intervals, which could be due to the low sample size but could also indicate a large heterogeneity within the patient group.
Variability of the Penn upper motor neuron score in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: need for a revised score
Authors: Jacobsen Anna B. , Fanella Gaia , de Carvalho Mamede , Koltzenburg Martin , Oliveira Santos Miguel , Cengiz Bülent , Blicher Jakob , Obál Izabella , Heintzelmann Mia B. , Nix Wilfred , Camdessanché Jean-Philippe , Fuglsang-Frederiksen Anders , Tankisi Hatice 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
There is a need for a consensus on a clinical scale for evaluating upper motor neuron (UMN) burden in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) to improve consistency in clinical diagnosis, research and monitoring of disease progression. The Penn upper motor neuron score (PUMNS) is the most commonly published scale, however, the reliability of the scale has only been evaluated in a single study involving two raters. The objective of this study was to evaluate the inter-rater reliability of the PUMNS in ALS patients among multiple raters, and to discuss an updated UMN score including the signs with the highest inter-rater reliability. This study included seven ALS patients (mean age: 71 ± 11.5, six males, one female). Each patient was evaluated with the PUMNS by eight raters from different centers blinded to previous observations. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to assess the inter-rater reliability of the total PUMNS. The inter-rater reliability of the binary subscores was assessed with Gwet’s AC1 coefficient. The inter-rater agreement for the total PUMNS yielded an ICC of 0.81 (95% CI 0.56;0.96). Items with the highest inter-rater reliability included Hoffman's sign, Babinski's sign, clonus and deep tendon reflexes, while the facial reflex (Gwet’s AC1 −0.038 (95% CI −0.25,0.18)) and crossed adduction (0.18 (95% CI (−0.32,0.67)) had the lowest inter-rater reliability. In conclusion, PUMNS demonstrated good inter-rater reliability overall, while some of the subscores had poor inter-rater reliability. Based on this, we call for an updated UMN score to enhance diagnostic accuracy and research consistency in ALS.
Clinical characteristics, molecular reclassification trajectories and DNA methylation patterns of long- and short-term survivors of WHO grade II and III glioma
Authors: Mair Maximilian J. , Leibetseder Annette , Heller Gerwin , Tomasich Erwin , Müller Lisa , Busse Ilka , Wöhrer Adelheid , Kiesel Barbara , Widhalm Georg , Eckert Franziska , Weis Serge , Pichler Josef , Preusser Matthias , Berghoff Anna S. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
The prognosis of diffuse gliomas previously classified as “lower-grade” is heterogeneous and complicates clinical decisions. We aimed to investigate the molecular profile of clinical outliers to gain insight into biological drivers of long and short-term survivors.

Methods
Here, patients aged ≥ 18 years and diagnosed with diffuse glioma, WHO grade II/2 or III/3 were included. Short-term survivors (STS) were defined as overall survival (OS) < 1 years, and long-term survivors (LTS) as OS > 10 years. DNA methylation profiling was performed using the Illumina EPIC 850k platform.

Results
In total, 385 patients (294 LTS, 91 STS) were included. Median overall survival was 234 months (95%CI: 207–248) in LTS and 7.3 months (95%CI: 6.4–8.1) in STS. Compared to STS, LTS were younger, had higher Karnofsky Performance Status, more extensive resections, and lower symptomatic burden (p < 0.001, respectively). Molecular reclassification showed IDH-mutant gliomas in 240/246 (95.5%) LTS and 10/79 (12.7%) STS. Initial diagnosis (tumor type and/or grading) changed in 69/325 (21.2%) patients based on reclassification according to WHO 2016 and in 45/258 (17.4%) as per WHO 2021. DNA methylation analysis indicated two clusters, one with mainly STS (39/41, 95.1%) and heterogeneous IDH-wildtype tumors (cluster A) and one with mainly LTS (82/106, 77.4%) and IDH-mutant tumors (cluster B). Functional enrichment analysis of rare subtypes indicated altered Hippo/Notch and synaptic/neurotransmitter signaling pathway members.

Conclusion
LTS and STS show distinct clinical and molecular features, underscoring the importance of extended molecular workup for diagnosis. Further characterization of rare subtypes is needed to optimize treatment strategies and clinical trial planning.
Antifragile control systems in neuronal processing: a sensorimotor perspective
Authors: Axenie Cristian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The stability–robustness–resilience–adaptiveness continuum in neuronal processing follows a hierarchical structure that explains interactions and information processing among the different time scales. Interestingly, using “canonical” neuronal computational circuits, such as Homeostatic Activity Regulation, Winner-Take-All, and Hebbian Temporal Correlation Learning, one can extend the behavior spectrum towards antifragility. Cast already in both probability theory and dynamical systems, antifragility can explain and define the interesting interplay among neural circuits, found, for instance, in sensorimotor control in the face of uncertainty and volatility. This perspective proposes a new framework to analyze and describe closed-loop neuronal processing using principles of antifragility, targeting sensorimotor control. Our objective is two-fold. First, we introduce antifragile control as a conceptual framework to quantify closed-loop neuronal network behaviors that gain from uncertainty and volatility. Second, we introduce neuronal network design principles, opening the path to neuromorphic implementations and transfer to technical systems.
Beyond administrative reports: a deep learning framework for classifying and monitoring crime and accidents leveraging large-scale online news
Authors: Tuarob Suppawong , Tatiyamaneekul Phonarnun , Pongpaichet Siripen , Tawichsri Tanisa , Noraset Thanapon 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The escalating prevalence of violent crimes and accidents underscores the urgent need for efficient and timely monitoring systems. Traditional methods reliant on administrative reports often suffer from significant delays. This paper proposes CRIMSON, a novel framework that leverages large-scale online news to provide real-time insights into crime and accident trends. CRIMSON utilizes a multi-label classification technique that leverages a fine-tuned, pre-trained, cross-lingual language model to accurately categorize news articles. Our experimental results, conducted on a substantial dataset of Thai news articles, demonstrate superior performance, achieving an average F1 score of 86%. Beyond classification, CRIMSON aggregates categorized news into real-time statistics, revealing strong correlations between news-reported incidents and official crime data. This study pioneers online news as a reliable and timely crime and accident monitoring source, offering valuable insights for law enforcement, policymakers, and researchers.
Cyclicity, hypercyclicity and randomness in self-similar groups
Authors: Fariña-Asategui Jorge 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We introduce the concept of cyclicity and hypercyclicity in self-similar groups as an analogue of cyclic and hypercyclic vectors for an operator on a Banach space. We derive a sufficient condition for cyclicity of non-finitary automorphisms in contracting discrete automata groups. In the profinite setting we prove that fractal profinite groups may be regarded as measure-preserving dynamical systems and derive a sufficient condition for the ergodicity and the mixing properties of these dynamical systems. Furthermore, we show that a Haar-random element in a super strongly fractal profinite group is hypercyclic almost surely as an application of Birkhoff’s ergodic theorem for free semigroup actions.
Transcriptional dysregulation in the cerebellum triggered by oligodendroglial α-synucleinopathy: insights from a transgenic mouse into the early disease mechanisms of MSA
Authors: Heras-Garvin Antonio , Fellner Lisa , Granata Roberta , Wenning Gregor K. , Stefanova Nadia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein, progressive neuronal loss, motor impairment and widespread pathological changes, which include significant involvement of the cerebellum. To understand the early molecular mechanisms that might underlie α-synuclein-triggered MSA cerebellar pathology, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) of cerebellar samples from a well-established model of MSA. RNA-Seq and differential gene expression analysis was conducted in the PLP-αSyn model of MSA. Cerebellum from two and 12-month-old MSA and wildtype mice were used. Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG enrichment analyses of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were performed to explore processes involved in MSA-like disease progression. The overlap between transcriptional changes in MSA and those associated with aging was also evaluated. RNA-Seq analysis demonstrated significant transcriptional dysregulation in cerebellum from MSA mice, even at early stages. GO and KEGG analyses of DEGs point to a potential role of synaptic dysfunction, cellular signaling dysregulation and inflammation in the cerebellar pathology of MSA mice. In addition, those changes exacerbate with disease progression. Additionally, our analysis of aging in both control and PLP-αSyn mice showed that age-related transcriptional changes in mid-aged controls seem to be present in young MSA mice. Thus, MSA-like pathology might lead to an acceleration of aging-related mechanisms. Our findings demonstrate significant cerebellar transcriptional dysregulation triggered by oligodendroglial α-synucleinopathy in PLP-αSyn mice, revealing pathways that might be critical for the early cerebellar pathology of MSA, and that may serve as potential molecular targets for therapeutic interventions in this devastating disorder.
Severity of anhedonia is associated with hyper-synchronization of the salience-default mode network in non-clinical individuals: a resting state EEG connectivity study
Authors: Imperatori Claudio , Allegrini Giorgia , Lo Presti Aurelia , Carbone Giuseppe A. , Adenzato Mauro , Farina Benedetto , Ardito Rita B. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Anhedonia is a core transnosographic symptom in several neuropsychiatric disorders. Recently, the Triple Network (TN) model has been proposed as a useful neurophysiological paradigm for conceptualizing anhedonia, providing new insights to clinicians and researchers. Despite this, the relationship between the functional dynamics of TN and the severity of anhedonia has been relatively understudied in non-clinical samples, especially in the resting state (RS) condition. Therefore, in the current study, we investigated this relationship using electroencephalography (EEG) functional connectivity. Eighty-two participants (36 males; mean age: 24.28 ± 7.35 years) underwent RS EEG recording with eyes-closed and completed the Beck Depression Inventory-derived 4-item anhedonia scale (BDI-Anh4) and the Brief Symptoms Inventory (BSI). EEG data on functional connectivity were analyzed using the exact low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (eLORETA). A significant positive correlation was observed between the BDI-Anh4 total score and salience-default mode network connectivity in the beta frequency band (r = 0.409; p = 0.010). The results of the hierarchical linear regression analysis also showed that this connectivity pattern was positively and independently associated (β = 0.358; p < 0.001) with the BDI-Anh4 total score and explained an additional 11% of the anhedonia variability. The association between anhedonia severity and increased salience-default mode network synchronization detected in the current study may reflect difficulty disengaging from internal/self-related mental contents, which consequently impairs the processing of other stimuli, including rewarding stimuli.
Lipid- and Multivariate-Based Analyses to Determine Cell Response to pH Variations and Buffer Composition
Authors: Pereira Ricardo F. S. , de Carvalho Carla C. C. R. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
During marine bioprocess development, pH control is of paramount importance. In shake flasks, aerobic fermentations usually have no pH control except from the buffering effect provided by buffers in the medium. However, the use of traditional buffers, such as phosphate buffer, can lead to the precipitation of medium components. Good’s buffers may be a sound alternative. Using Serratia rubidaea cells and their production of prodigiosin as model system, several Good’s buffers were tested and compared to phosphate buffer. Lipidomics analysis in conjugation with statistical multivariate analysis was performed to determine the cellular response to pH variations and buffer composition. Biomass productivity was similar when using the different buffers, but prodigiosin production was highly influenced and was highest with MES buffer at pH 5.5, reaching 249.8 mg/L, which corresponds to 43.7 mg/gbiomass. At pH 7.0, the best results were achieved with EPPS, HEPES and TRIS buffer, being these good substitutes for phosphate buffer in marine medium. The results also show that cells adapted the fatty acid composition of their membranes as response to the buffering species present in the growth medium. This is a clear indication that the buffer composition should not be disregarded when developing a bioprocess.