bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality Evaluation of Wheat Germ Cake Prepared with Different Emulsifiers
Authors: Levent H. , Bilgiçli N. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWheat germ (coarse and fine) was replaced with wheat flour at levels of 0, 10, 20 and 30% for cake making. Sodium stearoyl‐2 lactylate (SSL) and diacetyl tartaric acid esters of mono (and di) glyceride (DATEM) were used as emulsifier at 0.5% level. The effects of wheat germ particle size, emulsifier type and wheat germ level on batter and cake quality were investigated. Coarse wheat germ (CWG) usage in cake formulation gave better cake physical properties than fine wheat germ (FWG). SSL provided higher cake volume, texture and pore structure score, and lower hardness to cake samples compared with DATEM. Wheat germ addition (CWG/FWG) increased the ash, protein, fat and mineral contents (Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, P, K and Zn) of the samples. Crust and crumb color of the cake samples were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by wheat germ addition. As a result, CWG can be incorporated into cake formulation up to 20% level with the aid of SSL.Practical ApplicationsWheat germ is rich in ash, protein, fat and mineral contents compared with wheat flour. Because of its rich composition, wheat germ is used for nutritional enrichment of various cereal products. Sodium stearoyl‐2 lactylate (SSL) and diacetyl tartaric acid esters of mono (and di) glyceride are anionic emulsifiers composed of hydrophilic and hydrophobic fractions. Their usage in bakery products provides some advantages, such as crumb softness and air incorporation. This study aimed to improve the nutritional quality of cakes without compromising the physical and sensory quality. The 20% enrichment level of coarse wheat germ with 0.5% SSL gained reasonable score in sensory analyses. By using wheat germ, it could be possible to produce palatable cake with increased nutritional quality.
Physicochemical Parameters and Antioxidant Compounds in Edible Squash (Cucurbita Pepo) Flower Stored under Controlled Atmospheres
Authors: Aquino‐Bolaños E.N. , Urrutia‐Hernández T.A. , López Del Castillo‐Lozano M. , Chavéz‐Servia J.L. , Verdalet‐Guzmán I. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractEdible squash (Cucurbita pepo) flower is highly in demand in Mexico and internationally, but its high perishability limits marketing. An evaluation of the effect of storage under controlled atmosphere (CA) on physicochemical parameters and antioxidant compounds contents in squash flower was carried out. Male flowers were stored at 5C under a continuous flow of gas with one of four compositions: 5% O2 + N2 (CA1); 5% O2 + 10% CO2 + N2 (CA2); 10% CO2 + air (CA3); and air as a control. Compared with the control, the CA treatments had greater retention of total sugars, total soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity and lower physiological weight loss. At 16 days, CA2 retained the highest amount of ascorbic acid (49.5%), polyphenols (65.2%) and carotenoids (72.8%). Application of CA2 or CA3 could prolong postharvest life in squash flowers up to 16 days.Practical ApplicationsSquash plants are monoecious, bearing male and female flowers on the same plant. Female flowers produce the fruit, while male flowers are edible and used widely in a number of dishes, but their short shelf life limits marketability. The results demonstrate that storage of squash flowers in atmospheres with high (10%) CO2 concentration prolongs shelf life up to 16 days.
Rheological Characteristics of Nut Creams Realized with Different Types and Amounts of Fats
Authors: Glicerina Virginia , Balestra Federica , Pinnavaia Gian Gaetano , Dalla Rosa Marco , Romani Santina 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe effects of different types (fractionated palm oil and hydrogenated fats – HFs) and amounts of fats on the rheological and textural properties of laboratory made nut creams were evaluated. Samples were produced in a roller ball mill pilot plant, and the color, rheological and textural characteristics were evaluated. Experimental creams were compared with two commercial ones. The highest amount of HFs led to an increase of consistency, viscosity and elasticity of creams involving a reduction in colorimetric parameters compared to ones with or without a low level of HFs. Finally, the potential interchangeability between fundamental and empirical measurements was demonstrated.Practical ApplicationsQuality and stability of nut creams are affected by a number of factors, such as types and different amounts of fats. The study of the influence of the impact of different types and amounts of fats is important for manufacturing improvements in order to optimize the different nut cream formulations and the final rheological quality of products. This study may provide a useful guide for producers in order to let them to discriminate and choose a right fat composition of nut creams on the basis of their overall rheological characteristics, assessed by empirical and/or fundamental measurements.
Statins and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults with Normal Cognition or Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Steenland Kyle , Zhao Liping , Goldstein Felicia C. , Levey Allan I. 
Published: September 2013

ObjectivesTo determine the effect of statins on cognitive decline in healthy elderly adults.DesignLongitudinal.SettingNational Institute of Aging network of Alzheimer's Disease Centers.ParticipantsResearch volunteers with normal cognition at baseline evaluated an average 4.1 times over 3.4 years (1,244 statin users, 2,363 nonusers) and with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) at baseline evaluated an average 3.9 times over 2.8 years (763 users, 917 nonusers).MeasurementsCognitive performance was assessed according to 10 neuropsychological indices and the Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes (CDR‐SOB). Repeated‐measures analyses adjusted for age, sex, education, comorbidities, and family history of dementia were conducted.ResultsOf participants with normal cognition at baseline, statin users performed significantly better across all visits in attention (Trails A) and had significantly slower annual worsening in CDR‐SOB scores (P = .006) and slower worsening in Mini‐Mental State Examination scores than nonusers (which was not significant after adjusting for multiple comparisons, P = .05). For participants with MCI, statin users performed significantly better across all visits on attention measures (Trail‐Making Test Part A), verbal skills (Category Fluency), and executive functioning (Trail‐Making Test Part B, Digit Symbol, and Digits Backward), but there were no differences in cognitive decline between users and nonusers.ConclusionElderly adults with normal cognition at baseline who used statins had a slower rate of annual worsening in CDR‐SOB than nonusers.
The Hispanic Paradox and Predictors of Mortality in an Aging Biethnic Cohort of Mexican Americans and European Americans: The San Antonio Longitudinal Study of Aging
Authors: Espinoza Sara E. , Jung Inkyung , Hazuda Helen 
Published: September 2013

ObjectivesTo examine predictors of mortality in aging Mexican Americans (MAs) and European Americans (EAs).DesignLongitudinal, observational cohort study.SettingSocioeconomically diverse neighborhoods in San Antonio, Texas.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling adults aged 65 and older (394 MA; 355 EA) who completed the baseline examination (1992–96) of the San Antonio Longitudinal Study of Aging (SALSA) and for whom vital status was ascertained over an average 8.2 years of follow‐up.MeasurementsEthnic group was classified using a validated algorithm. Hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models with age, sex, ethnic group, education, income, frailty, diabetes mellitus with and without complications, comorbidity, cognition, depressive symptoms, and body mass index included as predictors in sequential models.ResultsAt baseline, MAs had a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus and frailty and lower socioeconomic status (SES) than EAs. The age‐ and sex‐adjusted ethnic HR (MA vs EA) for mortality was 1.54 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.17–2.03). After adjusting for SES, the ethnic HR was no longer significant (HR = 1.16, 95% CI = 0.83–1.61). In the final model, comorbidity, diabetes mellitus with complications, depressive symptoms, and cognitive impairment were significant independent risk factors for mortality.ConclusionContrary to the Hispanic paradox, MAs were at greater risk of mortality than EAs. SES differences largely explained this ethnic disparity. Significant independent predictors of mortality, regardless of ethnic group, were diabetes mellitus with complications, comorbidity, depressive symptoms, and cognitive impairment. Mortality reduction in older MAs requires attention to socioeconomic disparities and disease factors.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of an Automated Exercise Coach for Older Adults
Authors: Bickmore Timothy W. , Silliman Rebecca A. , Nelson Kerrie , Cheng Debbie M. , Winter Michael , Henault Lori , Paasche‐Orlow Michael K. 
Published: September 2013

ObjectivesTo compare the efficacy of a computer‐based physical activity program (Embodied Conversational Agent—ECA) with that of a pedometer control condition in sedentary older adults.DesignSingle‐blind block‐randomized controlled trial stratified according to clinic site and health literacy status.SettingThree urban ambulatory care practices at Boston Medical Center between April 2009 and September 2011.ParticipantsOlder adults (N = 263; mean age 71.3; 61% female; 63% African American; 51% high school diploma or less).InterventionECA participants were provided with portable tablet computers with touch screens to use for 2 months and were directed to connect their pedometers to the computer using a data cable and interact with a computer‐animated virtual exercise coach daily to discuss walking and to set walking goals. Intervention participants were then given the opportunity to interact with the ECA in a kiosk in their clinic waiting room for the following 10 months. Control participants were given a control pedometer intervention that only tracked step counts for an equivalent period of time. Intervention participants were also provided with pedometers.MeasurementsThe primary outcome was average daily step count for the 30 days before the 12‐month interview. Secondary outcomes were average daily step count for the 30 days before the 2‐month interview. Outcomes were also stratified according to health literacy level.ResultsECA participants walked significantly more steps than control participants at 2 months (adjusted mean 4,041 vs 3,499 steps/day, P = .01), but this effect waned by 12 months (3,861 vs 3,383, P = .09). For participants with adequate health literacy, those in the ECA group walked significantly more than controls at both 2 months (P = .03) and 12 months (P = .02), while those with inadequate health literacy failed to show significant differences between treatment groups at either time point. Intervention participants were highly satisfied with the program.ConclusionAn automated exercise promotion system deployed from outpatient clinics increased walking among older adults over the short‐term. Effective methods for long‐term maintenance of behavior change are needed.
Multitarget Stepping Program in Combination with a Standardized Multicomponent Exercise Program Can Prevent Falls in Community‐Dwelling Older Adults: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Yamada Minoru , Higuchi Takahiro , Nishiguchi Shu , Yoshimura Kazuya , Kajiwara Yuu , Aoyama Tomoki 
Published: September 2013

ObjectivesTo investigate the effects of a twice‐weekly multitarget stepping (MTS) task combined with a multicomponent exercise program on stepping accuracy, gaze behavior, fall risk factors, and fall rates.DesignRandomized controlled trial.SettingCommunity.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling adults aged 65 and older in Japan (N = 264) were randomized into an MTS group (n = 132) and a control group (n = 132).InterventionTwenty‐four weeks of a twice‐weekly community‐based MTS program in combination with a standardized multicomponent exercise program.MeasurementsNumber of falls and fall‐related fractures during a 12‐month follow‐up period after completion of the intervention, stepping accuracy, gaze behavior while performing the MTS test, and results of four clinical tests relevant to assessment of risk of falls (Timed Up and Go (TUG), functional reach (FR), 10‐m walking, and Five Chair Stand (5CS)) were measured.ResultsThirteen participants (11.6%) in the MTS group and 39 (33.0%) in the control group fell during the 12‐month follow‐up period (incidence rate ratio = 0.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.19–0.66). Three participants in the MTS group and 13 in the control group experienced fall‐related fractures during the 12‐month follow‐up period (relative risk = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.06–0.80). After the intervention, a subset of participants in the MTS group had significantly greater improvement in stepping accuracy and gaze behavior during the MTS test, and all participants in the MTS group had significantly greater improvement in performing the TUG and 10‐m walking (P < .001).ConclusionParticipants who performed MTS tests combined with a multicomponent exercise program showed greater improvements in stepping accuracy, gaze behavior, and physical performance in a virtually complex environment. Considering the less‐frequent fall rate in the follow‐up assessment, these improvements could contribute to preventing falls in community‐dwelling older adults.
Subcellular distribution of melatonin receptors in human parotid glands
Authors: Isola M. , Ekström J. , Diana M. , Solinas P. , Cossu M. , Lilliu M. A. , Loy F. , Isola R. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe hormone melatonin influences oral health through a variety of actions, such as anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidant, immunomodulatory and antitumour. Many of these melatonin functions are mediated by a family of membrane receptors expressed in the oral epithelium and salivary glands. Using immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry, recent studies have shown that the melatonin membrane receptors, MT1 and MT2, are present in rat and human salivary glands. To date, no investigation has dealt with the ultrastructural distribution of the melatonin receptors. This was the aim of the present study, using the immunogold method applied to the human parotid gland. Reactivity to MT1 and, with less intensity, to MT2 appeared in the secretory granules of acinar cells and in the cytoplasmic vesicles of both acinar and ductal cells. Plasma membranes were also stained, albeit slightly. The peculiar intracytoplasmic distribution of these receptors may indicate that there is an uptake/transport system for melatonin from the circulation into the saliva.
Jugular Valve Incompetence in Transient Global Amnesia. A Problem Revisited
Authors: Lochner Piergiorgio , Nedelmann Max , Kaps Manfred , Stolz Erwin 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEPrevious studies have suggested that transient global amnesia (TGA) may be provoked by cerebral venous congestion due to a reflux during Valsalva maneuver (VM) caused by internal jugular venous valve incompetence (IJVVI). We investigated the hemodynamic consequences of postural changes on IJVVI and on intracranial veins in patients with TGA and control subjects.MATERIALS AND METHODSIJVVI was assessed by means of extracranial color‐coded duplex sonography during VM in 28 patients with TGA and 25 controls. The basal vein Rosenthal was examined by transcranial color‐coded sonography registering flow velocities (FV) at rest and during VM. These measurements were performed in the supine and in a sitting position.RESULTSIJVVI was identified in supine position in 19/28 (68%) of TGA patients and in 7/25 (28%) of controls (P < .05). Body position had no effect on the detection of IJVVI. Intracranial venous FV at rest and during VM did neither differ between patients and controls, nor between persons with and without IJVVI.CONCLUSIONSConsistent with results of other groups, we found a significantly higher rate of IJVVI in TGA patients compared to controls. However, we found no differences of intracranial venous circulation between groups nor an effect of body position. This sheds doubt on the assumption of a causative effect of IJVVI in TGA.
Olive Knot Pathogen with Pronounced Epiphytic Lifestyle is not Present in Association to Leaf Surface of European Olive Across the Himalayas in Nepal
Authors: Lamichhane Jay Ram , Varvaro Leonardo 
Published: September 2013

AbstractPseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi, the causal agent of olive knot disease, often switches from a saprophytic to a parasitic lifestyle only following natural or man‐made activities, that cause lesions on plant tissues. We investigated the possible presence of this pathogen on the phylloplane of 28 Italian olive cultivars, recently introduced to Nepal. Although a consistent number of bacterial species were found in association with leaf, there was no presence of olive knot pathogen across the study area. The results suggest that the introduction of a new plant species in a given area does not necessarily introduce the pathogen when the propagation materials are rigorously supervised for pathogen exclusion.
Rapid Detection and Identification of Six Tomato yellow leaf curl virus Isolates from Different Regions Using Polymerase Chain Reaction and Restriction Enzyme Analysis
Authors: Park Jungan , Kil Eui‐Joon , Kim Jaedeok , Shin Yong‐Gil , Heo Noh‐Youl , Lee Sukchan 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe combinational analysis of polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme analysis (PCR‐RE) to distinguish six Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) isolates from five countries was developed. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus has spread from the Middle East to Western Europe, Central America and Eastern Asia, and occurs on infected crops such as tomatoes, peppers, cucurbits and beans. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus isolates from Jordan (TYLCV‐Mld[Jo:Cuc] and TYLCV‐IL[Jo:Cuc]), Israel (TYLCV‐IL[IL:Reo:86]), Spain (TYLCV‐Mld[ES72/97]), USA (TYLCV‐IL[US:F10:04]) and Korea (TYLCV‐KR) were collected, and the sequences of the six isolates were analysed to distinguish them by PCR‐RE combination analysis. Oligonucleotide primers for the six TYLCV isolates were designed to amplify approximately 740 base pairs including the intergenic region (IR) and parts of V1 and V2 ORF. Unique restriction enzyme sites were analysed to identify isolate‐specific restriction enzyme sites on the PCR products of each isolate. Three enzymes (DdeI, FauI and BssSI) were selected by in silico analysis, and then, the PCR products following the serial digestion of each restriction enzyme were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis to distinguish the TYLCV isolates. Taken together, the PCR‐RE combination analysis by serial digestion with three restriction enzymes could be a useful method for distinguishing the six isolates.
Effect of a prebiotic on performance of partridge
Authors: Khaksar V. , Veldkamp T. , Hashemipour H. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryAn experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of a prebiotic on performance of partridge. The experiment was carried out with a total of eighty‐day‐old male Chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar chukar) chicks in a completely randomized design. The dietary treatments consisted of a control and an experimental treatment, and each treatment was replicated four times with 10 chicks per replicate. The experimental period lasted 16 weeks with a starter period (0–8 weeks) and a grower period (9–16 weeks). The control group was fed the basal diet, while the experimental group was fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.18% prebiotic Aspergillus meal in each period. Performance parameters included body weight gain, cumulative feed consumption and cumulative FCR and were recorded at biweekly intervals. Carcass characteristics and blood parameters were measured at the end of the experiment (week 16). Although the results showed that prebiotic had no significant effect on body weight gain and cumulative feed conversion ratio; however, the supplementation of Aspergillus meal significantly (p < 0.05) decreased cumulative feed consumption. Also prebiotic significantly increased percentages of breast and gastrointestinal tract, decreased percentage of back‐neck, decreased blood triglyceride and total cholesterol content and increased blood calcium content. From this study, it was concluded that dietary supplementation of 0.18% Aspergillus meal might offer beneficial effects on partridge feed consumption, carcass quality and blood cholesterol.
Significant early higher ribavirin plasma concentrations in patients receiving a triple therapy with pegylated interferon, ribavirin and telaprevir
Authors: Boglione L. , De Nicolò A. , Cusato J. , Cariti G. , Di Perri G. , D'Avolio A. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryThe new standard of care for treatment for infection with genotype 1a/b of HCV now is the combination of telaprevir (TLV) with ribavirin (RBV) and pegylated interferon (Peg‐IFN). Although this new therapy gives a higher response rate than the Peg‐IFNα plus RBV treatment, a greatly higher rate of anaemia onset has been reported in all clinical trials. Because haemolysis is a typical concentration‐dependent side effect of RBV, modulated by ITPA gene polymorphisms, we aimed to compare the early RBV plasma exposure of nine patients after 2 weeks of treatment with triple therapy with RBV concentrations of 187 patients treated with RBV and Peg‐IFNα over the same time scale; this comparison was performed also stratifying patients according to ITPA polymorphism genotype and anaemia onset after 1 month of treatment. All TLV‐treated patients had unfavourable ITPA genetic profile and developed anaemia. Moreover, both the rate of anaemia onset and the haemoglobin loss at 1 month were significantly higher in patients treated with TLV. This observation has been confirmed also in patients with the same ITPA genetic profile in double therapy. Strikingly, also early RBV plasma concentrations were significantly higher in patients treated with TLV. These unbiased results confirm the observations recently reported and suggest that the high rate of anaemia onset could be mainly due to the increased RBV exposure, probably caused by a ‘boosting effect’ by TLV. These data highlight the great importance of early therapeutic drug monitoring of RBV in the management of anaemia in the triple therapy.
The “Transition to Modernism”: Recent Research on the Victorian/Modern Divide
Authors: Mahoney Kristin 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis article surveys new scholarship that straddles the Victorian/Modern divide, reading this work within the context of questions about the usefulness of the terms “Victorian” and “modernist.” Recent work that traces lines of continuity between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries reveals the sustained conversations taking place across the century's turn. Consideration of the transnational and global circulation of aesthetic ideals, which broadens the timeline and the definition of aesthetic movements, has contributed to the contestation of conventional categories of periodization. Additionally, as scholars move away from the tendency to equate Victorianism with tradition and conservatism and modernism with radicalism, a newly rich picture of the political complexity of the turn of the century has emerged.
Poe's Sea Tales and Economic Man: Decision Making in “MS Found in a Bottle” and “A Descent into the Maelström”
Authors: Ki Magdalen Wing‐chi 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis essay highlights the economic, rather than the more traditional analyses of Poe's sea tales. The first section focuses on Poe's interest in sea journeys against the background of maritime exploration in antebellum America. I then discuss Poe's ambivalence toward the “horrid laws of political economy.” Poe's heroes react to the changing sea through the prism of economic benefit. From capital maximization to optimal satisficing, regret aversion, and risk tolerance, Poe goes beyond the nineteenth century notion of economic men and prompts his readers to see that rational agents can often be rational fools.