bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 mediates α1-antitrypsin internalization in CD4+ T lymphocytes
Authors: Zhou Xueyuan , Liu Zhu , Shapiro Leland , Yang Jun , Burton Gregory F 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In α1-antitrypsin–deficient HIV patients, an accelerated decline of CD4+ T cell numbers is observed, suggesting that α1-antitrypsin is a potential endogenous HIV inhibitor. In infected T lymphocytes, α1-antitrypsin potently blocks NF-κB activation and HIV-1 replication by directly interacting with IκBα in the cytosol, thereby altering its ubiquitination pattern. However, the mechanism of α1-antitrypsin entry into the cytosol, where IκBα locates, remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of α1-antitrypsin internalization in CD4+ T cells. Thus, primary CD4+ T cells were infected with HIV-1 and then incubated with α1-antitrypsin to detect its internalization. We found that CD4+ T cells internalized α1-antitrypsin through a clathrin-dependent endocytosis process. Next, intracellular α1-antitrypsin exerted the inhibitory effect on NF-κB activation and HIV-1 replication. On primary CD4+ T cells, α1-antitrypsin interacted with low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 to initiate the internalization. Inside CD4+ T lymphocytes, α1-antitrypsin was transported from the endosome to the lysosome and then released into the cytosol, where it is possible for α1-antitrypsin to directly interact with IκBα. These results together suggest that α1-antitrypsin internalization is a clathrin-dependent and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1–mediated endocytosis process. Internalized α1-antitrypsin is transported through the endosome–lysosome–cytosol routine to interact with cytosolic IκBα and block NF-κB activation and HIV-1 replication.
Adolescent eating disorder behaviours and cognitions:
Gender-specific effects of child, maternal and family risk
factors
Authors: Micali N. , De Stavola B. , Ploubidis G. , Simonoff E. , Treasure J. , Field A. E. 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundEating disorder behaviours begin in adolescence. Few longitudinal studies
have investigated childhood risk and protective factors.AimsTo investigate the prevalence of eating disorder behaviours and
cognitions and associated childhood psychological, physical and parental
risk factors among a cohort of 14-year-old children.MethodData were collected from 6140 boys and girls aged 14 years.
Gender-stratified models were used to estimate prospective associations
between childhood body dissatisfaction, body mass index (BMI),
self-esteem, maternal eating disorder and family economic disadvantage on
adolescent eating disorder behaviours and cognitions.ResultsChildhood body dissatisfaction strongly predicted eating disorder
cognitions in girls, but only in interaction with BMI in boys. Higher
self-esteem had a protective effect, particularly in boys. Maternal
eating disorder predicted body dissatisfaction and weight/shape concern
in adolescent girls and dieting in boys.ConclusionsRisk factors for eating disorder behaviours and cognitions vary according
to gender. Prevention strategies should be gender-specific and target
modifiable predictors in childhood and early adolescence.
Frontal slow-wave activity as a predictor of negative symptoms,
cognition and functional capacity in schizophrenia
Authors: Chen Yu-Han , Stone-Howell Breannan , Edgar J. Christopher , Huang Mingxiong , Wootton Cassandra , Hunter Michael A. , Lu Brett Y. , Sadek Joseph R. , Miller Gregory A. , Cañive José M. 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundIncreased temporal and frontal slow-wave delta (1–4 Hz) and theta (4–7
Hz) activities are the most consistent resting-state neural abnormalities
reported in schizophrenia. The frontal lobe is associated with negative
symptoms and cognitive abilities such as attention, with negative
symptoms and impaired attention associated with poor functional
capacity.AimsTo establish whether frontal dysfunction, as indexed by slowing, would be
associated with functional impairments.MethodEyes-closed magnetoencephalography data were collected in 41 participants
with schizophrenia and 37 healthy controls, and frequency-domain source
imaging localised delta and theta activity.ResultsElevated delta and theta activity in right frontal and right
temporoparietal regions was observed in the schizophrenia
v. control group. In schizophrenia, right-frontal
delta activity was uniquely associated with negative but not positive
symptoms. In the full sample, increased right-frontal delta activity
predicted poorer attention and functional capacity.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that treatment-associated decreases in slow-wave
activity could be accompanied by improved functional outcome and thus
better prognosis.
MAFA and T3 Drive Maturation of Both Fetal Human Islets and Insulin-Producing Cells Differentiated From hESC
Authors: Aguayo-Mazzucato Cristina , DiIenno Amanda , Hollister-Lock Jennifer , Cahill Christopher , Sharma Arun , Weir Gordon , Colton Clark , Bonner-Weir Susan 
Published: July 2015

Context:
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) differentiated toward β-cells and fetal human pancreatic islet cells resemble each other transcriptionally and are characterized by immaturity with a lack of glucose responsiveness, low levels of insulin content, and impaired proinsulin-to-insulin processing. However, their response to stimuli that promote functionality have not been compared.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of our previous strategies for functional maturation developed in rodents in these two human models of β-cell immaturity and compare their responses.

Design, Settings, Participants, and Interventions:
In proof-of-principle experiments using either adenoviral-mediated overexpression of V-Maf avian musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog A (MAFA) or the physiologically driven path via thyroid hormone (T3) and human fetal islet-like cluster (ICC) functional maturity was evaluated. Then the effects of T3 were evaluated upon the functional maturation of hESCs differentiated toward β-cells.

Main Outcome Measures:
Functional maturation was evaluated by the following parameters: glucose responsiveness, insulin content, expression of the mature β-cell transcription factor MAFA, and proinsulin-to-insulin processing.

Results:
ICCs responded positively to MAFA overexpression and T3 treatment as assessed by two different maturation parameters: increased insulin secretion at 16.8 mM glucose and increased proinsulin-to-insulin processing. In hESCs differentiated toward β-cells, T3 enhanced MAFA expression, increased insulin content (probably mediated by the increased MAFA), and increased insulin secretion at 16.8 mM glucose.

Conclusion:
T3 is a useful in vitro stimulus to promote human β-cell maturation as shown in both human fetal ICCs and differentiated hESCs. The degree of maturation induced varied in the two models, possibly due to the different developmental status at the beginning of the study.
Gestão em Saúde: um estudo sobre Comunicação e Participação Popular no contexto de uma Organização Pública
Authors: Bretas Paula Fernandes Furbino , Ferreira Úrsula Fuscaldi , Furtado Raquel Alves 
Published: July 2015

RESUMOEste artigo discute a comunicação dialógica para a criação de vínculos na relação entre organização pública e usuários. Pretende-se compreender como ocorrem os processos de comunicação, enfatizando a participação popular, diferentemente da simples adaptação mercadológica na gestão pública. A pesquisa foi feita em um Centro de Saúde de Belo Horizonte. Observou-se que a comunicação é desenvolvida a partir do modelo emissor-receptor e que há necessidade de se realizar uma comunicação dialógica, com base na troca e negociação.Palavras-chave: Comunicação. Dialógica. Participação. Gestão pública. Saúde. AbstractThis article discusses the dialogic communication that creates bonds between a public organization and its users. The aim is to understand how communication processes occur, emphasizing popular participation, which is different from the simple adaptation of business practices to public management. The research was developed at a health-care center in the city of Belo Horizonte. It was observed that the communication process there is based on the emitter-receiver model. However, dialogic communication based on exchange and negotiation should be developed. Keywords: Communication. Dialogic. Participation. Public Management. Health.
Public Administration and Corporate Social Responsibility: How the State Can Promote Better Social Bonds
Authors: Theuer Daniela 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAs already formulated in the Agenda 21 in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, the development of an inclusive municipality demands joined actions between citizens, social organizations, politicians, public administration and enterprises. This paper describes the experience of the municipal administration of Rottenburg am Neckar, Germany, to promote Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). After a short presentation of the debate on CSR it shows how it is possible to create a win-win situation with business-social partnerships. The article illustrates how public administration can and should play an active role in creating, managing and coordinating CSR projects and makes suggestions on how to implement such projects at the local level in Brazil or elsewhere. The success of such a venture relies, among others, on a professional project management with both financial and political support, and a strong and participating civil society.Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Public Administration, Civil Society, Social Projects, Management Resumo Como já estabelecido na Agenda 21 da conferência Eco-92, no Rio de Janeiro, a criação de municípios inclusivos requer ações conjuntas e coordenadas entre cidadãos, organizações sociais, políticos, Administração Pública e empresas. Este artigo apresenta a experiência da Administração Pública da cidade de Rottenburg am Neckar, na Alemanha, em promover a Responsabilidade Social Empresarial (RSE). Após uma breve introdução sobre o debate em torno da RSE, demonstra-se como é possível criar uma situação favorável para ambas as partes com parcerias empresariais-sociais. O artigo mostra como a Administração Pública pode e deve ter um papel ativo em criar, administrar e coordenar projetos de RSE. Ao longo do texto, apresentam-se sugestões de como implementar projetos dessa natureza na prática em municípios, seja no Brasil ou em outras localidades. O sucesso depende, entre outros fatores, de uma gestão profissionalizada com apoio político e financeiro, assim como de uma sociedade civil fortalecida e participativa. Palavras-chave: Responsabilidade Social Empresarial, Administração Pública, Sociedade Civil, Projetos Sociais, Gestão Pública.
Participação, deliberação e políticas públicas: a dinâmica das Conferências Nacionais de Saúde Mental.
Authors: Moreira Tábata 
Published: July 2015

O artigo analisa a dinâmica das Conferências Nacionais de Saúde Mental com o intuito de compreender o papel da participação da sociedade civil no processo de formação de agenda do Poder Legislativo. A luz do arcabouço teórico sobre participação social e governança buscou-se analisar as conferências enquanto instituições participativas. O artigo também explorou a importância das conferências nacionais na redefinição das relações entre sociedade civil e Estado e, na formulação de diretrizes para as políticas públicas em âmbito federal.
Geochemical legacies and the future health of cities: A tale of two neurotoxins in urban soils
Authors: Filippelli Gabriel M. , Risch Martin , Laidlaw Mark A.S. , Nichols Deborah E. , Crewe Julie 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The past and future of cities are inextricably linked, a linkage that can be seen clearly in the long-term impacts of urban geochemical legacies. As loci of population as well as the means of employment and industry to support these populations, cities have a long history of co-locating contaminating practices and people, sometimes with negative implications for human health. Working at the intersection between environmental processes, communities, and human health is critical to grapple with environmental legacies and to support healthy, sustainable, and growing urban populations. An emerging area of environmental health research is to understand the impacts of chronic exposures and exposure mixtures—these impacts are poorly studied, yet may pose a significant threat to population health.
Acute exposure to lead (Pb), a powerful neurotoxin to which children are particularly susceptible, has largely been eliminated in the U.S. and other countries through policy-based restrictions on leaded gasoline and lead-based paints. But the legacy of these sources remains in the form of surface soil Pb contamination, a common problem in cities and one that has only recently emerged as a widespread chronic exposure mechanism in cities. Some urban soils are also contaminated with another neurotoxin, mercury (Hg). The greatest human exposure to Hg is through fish consumption, so eating fish caught in urban areas presents risks for toxic Hg exposure. The potential double impact of chronic exposure to these two neurotoxins is pronounced in cities. Overall, there is a paradigmatic shift from reaction to and remediation of acute exposures towards a more nuanced understanding of the dynamic cycling of persistent environmental contaminants with resultant widespread and chronic exposure of inner-city dwellers, leading to chronic toxic illness and disability at substantial human and social cost.
The role of dance movement psychotherapy for expression and integration of the self in palliative care
Authors: Woolf Sarah , Fisher Pam 
Published: July 2015

Aim: To explore clients' experiences of dance movement psychotherapy (DMP) in a day hospice setting. Background: DMP is a creative arts therapy, enabling people to use movement to express themselves and promote physical, emotional, social and spiritual wellbeing. This is the first known research about DMP in palliative care in the UK. Methods: A case study approach explored four clients' experiences of DMP in depth. Results: Participants' ill bodies had become obstacles to them expressing their sense of self. The safe therapeutic conditions, gentle movement, music, words and props in DMP enabled them to express interconnected physical and emotional pain and loss of sense of self. DMP enabled them to reintegrate with their estranged bodies, releasing tension by expressing themselves as a whole person. Conclusion: Wider practice of DMP could relieve holistic pain by enabling people with terminal illnesses to express a complete sense of who they are as a human being.
Factors associated with acute care use among nursing home residents dying of cancer: a population-based study
Authors: Bainbridge Daryl , Seow Hsien , Sussman Jonathan , Pond Gregory 
Published: July 2015

Background: Little is known about residents of long-term care (LTC) facilities who die of cancer. The authors examined factors among this cohort prognostic of greater acute care use to identify areas for improving support in LTC. Methods: The authors used administrative data representing all cancer decedents in Ontario, Canada, who had been living in LTC. Binary logistic regression was used to examine the contribution of covariates to having an emergency department (ED) visit in the last 6 months of life or to death in hospital. Results: Among the 1196 LTC residents in the study cohort, 61% had visited an ED in the last 6 months of life and 20% had died in hospital. Cancer type, income, gender, time in LTC and rural location were not strong predictors of the acute care outcomes. However, certain comorbidities, being younger and region of residence significantly increased the odds of an ED visit and/or hospital death (all P<0.05). Conclusions: Determining the characteristics of LTC patients more likely to access acute care services can help to inform interventions that avoid costly and potentially adverse transfers to hospital. The study of cancer patients in LTC represents a starting point for clarifying the potential of specialised palliative care nursing and other support that is often lacking in these facilities.
Length of professional education of paramedics and nurses at community colleges in the Northeast United States
Authors: Phelps Scott 
Published: July 2015

Aim To determine if the professional bodies of knowledge of paramedics and nurses are roughly equivalent for each discipline at the point of primary licensure. Methods A list was compiled of all paramedic education programmes in the Northeast US states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Each programme was then surveyed to identify those institutions that offered college credit for their paramedic education programme and also had an associate's degree nursing programme. Northeast paramedic education programmes that were not accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs were then identified that offered college credit for their paramedic education programme and also had an associate's degree nursing programme. Results In total, 23 colleges in the Northeast United States had both paramedic and registered nursing education programmes offered for college credit. Paramedic education required a mean of 41 credits compared to a mean of 37 credits for nursing education. Conclusions While paramedics are less likely to have a college degree than registered nurses, their specific professional education programmes are equivalent. Further research is required to establish if the paramedic body of knowledge is both deep and complex enough that it is unsafe for non-paramedic registered nurses to be functioning in the pre-hospital environment.
On the Impossibility of Fair Risk Allocation
Authors: Csóka Péter , Pintér Miklós 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAllocating risk properly to subunits is crucial for performance evaluation and internal capital allocation of portfolios held by banks, insurance companies, investment funds and other entities subject to financial risk. We show that by using coherent measures of risk it is impossible to allocate risk satisfying simultaneously the natural game theoretical requirements of Core Compatibility and Strong Monotonicity. To obtain the result we characterize the Shapley value on the class of totally balanced games and also on the class of exact games as being the only risk allocation method satisfying Strong Monotonicity, Equal Treatment Property and Efficiency. Moreover, we clarify and interpret the related game theoretical requirements that have appeared in the literature so far and have been applied to risk allocation.
Role of gadolinium(III) complex in improving thermal stability of polythiophene composite
Authors: Rafiqi Ferooze Ahmad , Majid Kowsar 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis paper involves the preparation of polythiophene (PTP) and its composite by the oxidative polymerisation method by using ferric chloride as an oxidant and thiophene monomer. The gadolinium( III) complex obtained by the refluxing technique was used as dopant in the PTP matrix. On the basis of the spectroscopic characterisation, seven-coordinate geometry is proposed for the complex. Conductance measurement confirms the non-selectrolyte nature of complex. The PTP and its composite were subjected to FTIR, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope techniques. The powder X-ray diffraction pattern showed the high crystalline nature of the complex which in turn developed a good degree of crystallinity in the PTP composite. The average particle size was calculated as 4.655 ˚A and 3.737 ˚A for the dopant and PTP composite, respectively, by using Debye Scherrer’s equation. Thermal analysis was performed by thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, differential thermal analysis (DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. The TG, DTA and DSC results were well-correlated. The thermal analysis revealed the high thermal stability of the dopant which in turn improved the thermal stability of the PTP composite, revealing the potential of the composite for high temperature applications.
Coaxial conducting polymer nanotubes: polypyrrole nanotubes coated with polyaniline or poly(p-phenylenediamine) and products of their carbonisation
Authors: Stejskal Jaroslav , Sapurina Irina , Trchová Miroslava , Šeděnková Ivana , Kovářová Jana , Kopecká Jitka , Prokeš Jan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPolypyrrole nanotubes were prepared by the oxidation of pyrrole with iron(III) chloride in a reaction mixture containing methyl orange. They were subsequently coated with polyaniline or poly(p-phenylenediamine) in situ during the oxidation of respective monomers in their presence. A part of the coaxial nanotubes was deprotonated using ammonia solution. The conductivity of polypyrrole nanotubes of 60 S cm
Mechanical strain affects some microRNA profiles in pre-oeteoblasts.
Authors: Wang Yang , Zou Xianqiong , Guo Yong , Wang Lu , Liu Yongming , Zeng Qiangcheng , Zhang Xizheng 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of cell proliferation, differentiation and function. Mechanical strain is an essential factor for osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. A previous study revealed that a physiological mechanical tensile strain of 2500 microstrain (με) at 0.5 Hz applied once a day for 1 h over 3 consecutive days promoted osteoblast differentiation. However, the mechanoresponsive miRNAs of these osteoblasts were not identified. In this study, we applied the same mechanical tensile strain to in vitro cultivated mouse MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts and identified the mechanoresponsive miRNAs. Using miRNA microarray and qRT-PCR assays, the expression patterns of miRNAs were evaluated and 5 of them were found to be significantly different between the mechanical loading group and the control group: miR-3077-5p, 3090-5p and 3103-5p were significantly upregulated and miR-466i-3p and 466h-3p were downregulated. Bioinformatics analysis revealed possible target genes for these differentially expressed miRNAs. Some target genes correlated with osteoblast differentiation. These findings indicated that the mechanical strain changed the expression levels of these miRNAs. This might be a potential regulator of osteoblast differentiation and responses to mechanical strain.
Antioxidant activity of various lignins and lignin-related phenylpropanoid units with high and low molecular weight
Authors: Ponomarenko Jevgenija , Lauberts Maris , Dizhbite Tatiana , Lauberte Liga , Jurkjane Vilhelmina , Telysheva Galina 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The antioxidant activities (AoAs) of 50 different technical lignins have been determined. The lignins of various botanical origins (annual plants, coniferous trees, and deciduous trees) were isolated and fractionated by different techniques (delignification by alkali, kraft process, fast pyrolysis, and hydrolysis). The structure and the functionality of lignins were characterized by functional group analyses (phenolic OH, carboxyl, and methoxyl groups), analytical pyrolysis pyrolysis/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry/flame ionization detector (Py-GC/MS/FID), electron paramagnetic resonance, size exclusion chromatography, and titrimetric methods, and the AoAs were evaluated as the capacity to scavenge the DPPH· and ABTS·+ free radicals. The relationship between the lignin structure and the AoA was characterized by pair correlation, partial correlation, and multivariate regression analyses, including correlated components regression. The results were compared with those of lignin model compounds and low molecular weight phenylpropanoids. It has been shown that molecular weight does not influence essentially the AoA of lignins. There is a relationship between the activities of low and high molecular weight polyphenols; their mechanisms of action are also similar. The structure-related AoA of lignins has been quantified for the first time.