bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of aliphatic, monocarboxylic, dicarboxylic, heterocyclic and sulphur-containing amino acids on Leishmania spp. chemotaxis
Authors: DIAZ E. , ZACARIAS A. K. , PÉREZ S. , VANEGAS O. , KÖHIDAI L. , PADRÓN-NIEVES M. , PONTE-SUCRE A. 
Published: September 2015

SUMMARYIn the sand-fly mid gut, Leishmania promastigotes are exposed to acute changes in nutrients, e.g. amino acids (AAs). These metabolites are the main energy sources for the parasite, crucial for its differentiation and motility. We analysed the migratory behaviour and morphological changes produced by aliphatic, monocarboxylic, dicarboxylic, heterocyclic and sulphur-containing AAs in Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania braziliensis and demonstrated that L-methionine (10−12m), L-tryptophan (10−11m), L-glutamine and L-glutamic acid (10−6m), induced positive chemotactic responses, while L-alanine (10−7m), L-methionine (10−11 and 10−7m), L-tryptophan (10−11m), L-glutamine (10−12m) and L-glutamic acid (10−9m) induced negative chemotactic responses. L-proline and L-cysteine did not change the migratory potential of Leishmania. The flagellum length of L. braziliensis, but not of L. amazonensis, decreased when incubated in hyperosmotic conditions. However, chemo-repellent concentrations of L-alanine (Hypo-/hyper-osmotic conditions) and L-glutamic acid (hypo-osmotic conditions) decreased L. braziliensis flagellum length and L-methionine (10−11m, hypo-/hyper-osmotic conditions) decreased L. amazonensis flagellum length. This chemotactic responsiveness suggests that Leishmania discriminate between slight concentration differences of small and structurally closely related molecules and indicates that besides their metabolic effects, AAs play key roles linked to sensory mechanisms that might determine the parasite's behaviour.
THE CARDINALS’ MUSIC: MUSICAL INTERESTS AT THE PAPAL CURIA C. 1200–1304
Authors: Gardner Julian 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe papacy and cardinalate in the period between Innocent III (1198–1216) and Benedict XI (1033–1304) can be shown to have had a wide range of musical interests. Papal inventories, testamentary legacies, chronicles and understudied visual evidence allow the piecing together of a lively and wide-ranging concern with music, liturgy and performance. The development of polyphonic music, the growing popularity of bells, and a lively interest among artists in portraying liturgical ceremonies and musical performance at the behest of their ecclesiastical clientele allow us to form a far more nuanced picture of the musical life of thirteenth-century Rome.
Civil defence in the city: federal policy meets local resistance in Baltimore, 1957–1964
Authors: SINGER ERIC S. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT:Between 1950 and 1964, as a result of slight federal policy shifts, Cold War civil defence went from a pro-urban policy dedicated to the preservation of communities to an anti-urban policy focused on social control in the wake of an attack. Civil defence volunteers in Baltimore along with some of the city's civil defence paid staff, who had bought the federal message that they could protect themselves and their communities for nuclear war, allied with anti-nuclear activists against an increasingly militarized programme – one that by 1961 prioritized post-attack policing and de-emphasized the imperative to preserve urban neighbourhoods.
Surgical ligation of patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants: trends and practice variation
Authors: Weinberg Jacqueline G. , Evans Frank J. , Burns Kristin M. , Pearson Gail D. , Kaltman Jonathan R. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjectiveWe sought to analyse the variation in the incidence of patent ductus arteriosus over three recent time points and characterise ductal ligation practices in preterm infants in the United States, adjusting for demographic and morbidity factors.MethodsUsing the Kids’ Inpatient Database from 2003, 2006, and 2009, we identified infants born at ⩽32 weeks of gestation with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision diagnosis of patent ductus arteriosus and ligation code. We examined patient and hospital characteristics and identified patient and hospital variables associated with ligation.ResultsOf 182,610 preterm births, 30,714 discharges included a patent ductus arteriosus diagnosis. The rate of patent ductus arteriosus diagnosis increased from 14% in 2003 to 21% in 2009 (p<0.001). A total of 4181 ligations were performed, with an overall ligation rate of 14%. Ligation rate in infants born at ⩽28 weeks of gestation was 20% overall, increasing from 18% in 2003 to 21% in 2009 (p<0.001). The ligation rate varied by state (4–28%), and ligation was associated with earlier gestational age, associated diagnoses, hospital type, teaching hospital status, and region (p<0.001).ConclusionThe rates of patent ductus arteriosus diagnosis and ligation have increased in the recent years. Variation exists in the practice of patent ductus arteriosus ligation and is influenced by patient and non-patient factors.
Symmetry-protected transport in a pseudospin-polarized waveguide
Authors: Chen Wen-Jie , Zhang Zhao-Qing , Dong Jian-Wen , Chan C. T. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIf a system possesses a spin or pseudospin, which is locked to the linear momentum, spin-polarized states can exhibit backscattering-immune transport if the scatterer does not flip the spin. Good examples of such systems include electronic and photonic topological insulators. For electromagnetic waves, such pseudospin states can be achieved in metamaterials with very special artificial symmetries; however, these bulk photonic topological insulators are usually difficult to fabricate. Here we propose a paradigm in which the pseudospin is enforced simply by imposing special boundary conditions inside a channel. The symmetry-protected pseudospin states are guided in air and no bulk material is required. We also show that the special boundary conditions can be implemented simply using an array of metallic conductors, resulting in spin-filtered waveguide with a simple structure and a broad working bandwidth. We generate several conceptual designs, and symmetry-protected pseudospin transport in the microwave regime is experimentally indicated.
Longitudinal spin Seebeck effect contribution in transverse spin Seebeck effect experiments in Pt/YIG and Pt/NFO
Authors: Meier Daniel , Reinhardt Daniel , van Straaten Michael , Klewe Christoph , Althammer Matthias , Schreier Michael , Goennenwein Sebastian T. B. , Gupta Arunava , Schmid Maximilian , Back Christian H. , Schmalhorst Jan-Michael , Kuschel Timo , Reiss Günter 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe spin Seebeck effect, the generation of a spin current by a temperature gradient, has attracted great attention, but the interplay over a millimetre range along a thin ferromagnetic film as well as unintended side effects which hinder an unambiguous detection have evoked controversial discussions. Here, we investigate the inverse spin Hall voltage of a 10 nm thin Pt strip deposited on the magnetic insulators Y3Fe5O12 and NiFe2O4 with a temperature gradient in the film plane. We show characteristics typical of the spin Seebeck effect, although we do not observe the most striking features of the transverse spin Seebeck effect. Instead, we attribute the observed voltages to the longitudinal spin Seebeck effect generated by a contact tip induced parasitic out-of-plane temperature gradient, which depends on material, diameter and temperature of the tip.
Proposal for a room-temperature diamond maser
Authors: Jin Liang , Pfender Matthias , Aslam Nabeel , Neumann Philipp , Yang Sen , Wrachtrup Jörg , Liu Ren-Bao 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe application of masers is limited by its demanding working conditions (high vacuum or low temperature). A room-temperature solid-state maser is highly desirable, but the lifetimes of emitters (electron spins) in solids at room temperature are usually too short (∼ns) for population inversion. Masing from pentacene spins in p-terphenyl crystals, which have a long spin lifetime (∼0.1 ms), has been demonstrated. This maser, however, operates only in the pulsed mode. Here we propose a room-temperature maser based on nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond, which features the longest known solid-state spin lifetime (∼5 ms) at room temperature, high optical pumping efficiency (∼106 s−1) and material stability. Our numerical simulation demonstrates that a maser with a coherence time of approximately minutes is feasible under readily accessible conditions (cavity Q-factor ∼5 × 104, diamond size ∼3 × 3 × 0.5 mm3 and pump power <10 W). A room-temperature diamond maser may facilitate a broad range of microwave technologies.
Cosmochemical fractionation by collisional erosion during the Earth’s accretion
Authors: Boujibar Asmaa , Andrault Denis , Bolfan-Casanova Nathalie , Bouhifd Mohamed Ali , Monteux Julien 
Published: September 2015

AbstractEarly in the Solar System’s history, energetic collisions of differentiated bodies affected the final composition of the terrestrial planets through partial destruction. Enstatite chondrites (EC) are the best candidates to represent the primordial terrestrial precursors as they present the most similar isotopic compositions to Earth. Here we report that collisional erosion of >15% of the early Earth’s mass can reconcile the remaining compositional differences between EC and the Earth. We base our demonstration on experimental melting of an EC composition at pressures between 1 bar and 25 GPa. At low pressures, the first silicate melts are highly enriched in incompatible elements Si, Al and Na, and depleted in Mg. Loss of proto-crusts through impacts raises the Earth’s Mg/Si ratio to its present value. To match all major element compositions, our model implies preferential loss of volatile lithophile elements and re-condensation of refractory lithophile elements after the impacts.
Arabidopsis VQ motif-containing proteins VQ12 and VQ29 negatively modulate basal defense against Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Wang Houping , Hu Yanru , Pan Jinjing , Yu Diqiu 
Published: September 2015

AbstractArabidopsisVQ motif-containing proteins have recently been demonstrated to interact with several WRKY transcription factors; however, their specific biological functions and the molecular mechanisms underlying their involvement in defense responses remain largely unclear. Here, we showed that twoVQgenes,VQ12andVQ29, were highly responsive to the necrotrophic fungal pathogenBotrytis cinerea. To characterize their roles in plant defense, we generatedamiR-vq12transgenic plants by using an artificial miRNA approach to suppress the expression ofVQ12and isolated a loss-of-function mutant ofVQ29.Phenotypic analysis showed that decreasing the expression ofVQ12andVQ29simultaneously rendered theamiR-vq12 vq29double mutant plants resistant againstB. cinerea. Consistently, theB. cinerea-induced expression of defense-relatedPLANT DEFENSIN1.2 (PDF1.2)was increased inamiR-vq12 vq29. In contrast, constitutively-expressingVQ12orVQ29confered transgenic plants susceptible toB. cinerea.Further investigation revealed that VQ12 and VQ29 physically interacted with themselves and each other to form homodimers and heterodimer. Moreover, expression analysis ofVQ12andVQ29in defense-signaling mutants suggested that they were partially involved in jasmonate (JA)-signaling pathway. Taken together, our study indicates that VQ12 and VQ29 negatively regulate plant basal resistance againstB. cinerea.
Conotoxin αD-GeXXA utilizes a novel strategy to antagonize nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
Authors: Xu Shaoqiong , Zhang Tianlong , Kompella Shiva N. , Yan Mengdi , Lu Aiping , Wang Yanfang , Shao Xiaoxia , Chi Chengwu , Adams David J. , Ding Jianping , Wang Chunguang 
Published: September 2015

AbstractNicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) play essential roles in transmitting acetylcholine-mediated neural signals across synapses and neuromuscular junctions and are also closely linked to various diseases and clinical conditions. Therefore, novel nAChR-specific compounds have great potential for both neuroscience research and clinical applications. Conotoxins, the peptide neurotoxins produced by cone snails, are a rich reservoir of novel ligands that target receptors, ion channels and transporters in the nervous system. From the venom of Conus generalis, we identified a novel dimeric nAChR-inhibiting αD-conotoxin GeXXA. By solving the crystal structure and performing structure-guided dissection of this toxin, we demonstrated that the monomeric C-terminal domain of αD-GeXXA, GeXXA-CTD, retains inhibitory activity against the α9α10 nAChR subtype. Furthermore, we identified that His7 of the rat α10 nAChR subunit determines the species preference of αD-GeXXA and is probably part of the binding site of this toxin. These results together suggest that αD-GeXXA cooperatively binds to two inter-subunit interfaces on the top surface of nAChR, thus allosterically disturbing the opening of the receptor. The novel antagonistic mechanism of αD-GeXXA via a new binding site on nAChRs provides a valuable basis for the rational design of new nAChR-targeting compounds.
Enterovirus 71 2C Protein Inhibits NF-κB Activation by Binding to RelA(p65)
Authors: Du Haiwei , Yin Peiqi , Yang Xiaojie , Zhang Leiliang , Jin Qi , Zhu Guofeng 
Published: September 2015

AbstractViruses evolve multiple ways to interfere with NF-κB signaling, a key regulator of innate and adaptive immunity. Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of primary pathogens that cause hand-foot-mouth disease. Here, we identify RelA(p65) as a novel binding partner for EV71 2C protein from yeast two-hybrid screen. By interaction with IPT domain of p65, 2C reduces the formation of heterodimer p65/p50, the predominant form of NF-κB. We also show that picornavirus 2C family proteins inhibit NF-κB activation and associate with p65 and IKKβ. Our findings provide a novel mechanism how EV71 antagonizes innate immunity.
Approach to multifunctional device platform with epitaxial graphene on transition metal oxide
Authors: Park Jeongho , Back Tyson , Mitchel William C. , Kim Steve S. , Elhamri Said , Boeckl John , Fairchild Steven B. , Naik Rajesh , Voevodin Andrey A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractHeterostructures consisting of two-dimensional materials have shown new physical phenomena, novel electronic and optical properties and new device concepts not observed in bulk material systems or purely three dimensional heterostructures. These new effects originated mostly from the van der Waals interaction between the different layers. Here we report that a new optical and electronic device platform can be provided by heterostructures of 2D graphene with a metal oxide (TiO2). Our novel direct synthesis of graphene/TiO2 heterostructure is achieved by C60 deposition on transition Ti metal surface using a molecular beam epitaxy approach and O2 intercalation method, which is compatible with wafer scale growth of heterostructures. As-grown heterostructures exhibit inherent photosensitivity in the visible light spectrum with high photo responsivity. The photo sensitivity is 25 times higher than that of reported graphene photo detectors. The improved responsivity is attributed to optical transitions between O 2p orbitals in the valence band of TiO2 and C 2p orbitals in the conduction band of graphene enabled by Coulomb interactions at the interface. In addition, this heterostructure provides a platform for realization of bottom gated graphene field effect devices with graphene and TiO2 playing the roles of channel and gate dielectric layers, respectively.
Dissecting the genetic structure and admixture of four geographical Malay populations
Authors: Deng Lian , Hoh Boon-Peng , Lu Dongsheng , Saw Woei-Yuh , Twee-Hee Ong Rick , Kasturiratne Anuradhani , Janaka de Silva H. , Zilfalil Bin Alwi , Kato Norihiro , Wickremasinghe Ananda R. , Teo Yik-Ying , Xu Shuhua 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe Malay people are an important ethnic composition in Southeast Asia, but their genetic make-up and population structure remain poorly studied. Here we conducted a genome-wide study of four geographical Malay populations: Peninsular Malaysian Malay (PMM), Singaporean Malay (SGM), Indonesian Malay (IDM) and Sri Lankan Malay (SLM). All the four Malay populations showed substantial admixture with multiple ancestries. We identified four major ancestral components in Malay populations: Austronesian (17%–62%), Proto-Malay (15%–31%), East Asian (4%–16%) and South Asian (3%–34%). Approximately 34% of the genetic makeup of SLM is of South Asian ancestry, resulting in its distinct genetic pattern compared with the other three Malay populations. Besides, substantial differentiation was observed between the Malay populations from the north and the south and between those from the west and the east. In summary, this study revealed that the genetic identity of the Malays comprises a mixed entity of multiple ancestries represented by Austronesian, Proto-Malay, East Asian and South Asian, with most of the admixture events estimated to have occurred 175 to 1,500 years ago, which in turn suggests that geographical isolation and independent admixture have significantly shaped the genetic architectures and the diversity of the Malay populations.
Selective targeting of JAK/STAT signaling is potentiated by Bcl-xL blockade in IL-2–dependent adult T-cell leukemia
Authors: Zhang Meili , Mathews Griner Lesley A. , Ju Wei , Duveau Damien Y. , Guha Rajarshi , Petrus Michael N. , Wen Bernard , Maeda Michiyuki , Shinn Paul , Ferrer Marc , Conlon Kevin D. , Bamford Richard N. , O’Shea John J. , Thomas Craig J. , Waldmann Thomas A. 
Published: September 2015

Significance
Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is caused by the human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1). Presently there is no curative therapy for ATL. In the leukemic cells, the HTLV-1–encoded protein Tax (transactivator from the X-gene region) activates disordered interleukin expression, which triggers JAK/STAT signaling. The HTLV-1–encoded protein Tax also induces the expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-xL (B-cell lymphoma-extra large). In the present study, the combination of the JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib and the Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitor navitoclax provided additive/synergistic antitumor efficacy in IL-2–dependent ATL cell lines and in a mouse model of human ATL as well as with ex vivo peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from ATL patients compared with either drug alone, supporting a therapeutic trial of this combination in patients with ATL.
Complete boundedness of heat semigroups on the von Neumann algebra of hyperbolic groups
Authors: Mei Tao , de la Salle Mikael 
Published: September 2015

We prove that

λ
g

↦

e

−
t

|

g

|

r

λ
g

\lambda _g\mapsto e^{-t|g|^r}\lambda _g

defines a multiplier on the von Neuman algebra of hyperbolic groups with a complete bound

≃
r

\simeq r

, for any

0
>
t
>
∞
,
1
>
r
>
∞

0>t>\infty , 1>r>\infty

. In the proof we observe that a construction of Ozawa allows us to characterize the radial multipliers that are bounded on every hyperbolic graph, partially generalizing results of Haagerup–Steenstrup–Szwarc and Wysoczański. Our argument is also based on the work of Peller.
Patient-Reported Outcomes in Cardiac Rehabilitation
Authors: Taherzadeh Golnoush , Filippo Deandra E. , Kelly Shannon , van Engen-Verheul Mariette , Peek Niels , Oh Paul , Grace Sherry L. 
Published: September 2015

PURPOSE:
Patient satisfaction has become an important indicator of quality and may be related to greater adherence to cardiac rehabilitation (CR). The objectives of this narrative review were to investigate (1) patient satisfaction with CR and its relationship to adherence or health outcomes, and (2) assessment tools applicable to CR.

METHODS:
A literature search was conducted on key resource databases, including MEDLINE, Health and Psychosocial Instruments, and Patient-Reported Outcomes and Quality of Life Instruments. A focused Internet and gray literature search was also conducted.

RESULTS OF DATA SYNTHESIS:
Eight studies were included. Patient satisfaction was high overall, especially related to education received. In 4 studies, patient satisfaction with treatment was compared in patients who attended CR with those who did not. In 2 of these studies where items were investigator generated, significant differences favoring CR were found. In the 2 studies where the treatment satisfaction subscale of the Seattle Angina Questionnaire was administered, no differences were observed. Only 1 study was identified, which examined the relationship of patient satisfaction with any outcome, and revealed that greater satisfaction was related to greater program adherence. There was a dearth of valid assessment tools.

CONCLUSIONS:
Despite recommendations in CR association guidelines to consider patient satisfaction, there is an absence of research assessing it. The studies that have assessed it administered tools of questionable psychometric rigor. It remains to be determined whether patient satisfaction is related to any meaningful outcomes.
Wavelike Interface Opacities After Descemet-Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty: 7-Year Follow-up
Authors: Kontadakis George A. , Palioura Sotiria , Yoo Sonia H. 
Published: September 2015

Purpose:
To report a case of wavelike interface opacities in a patient who underwent Descemet-stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) and was managed conservatively over the course of 7 years.

Methods:
A 65-year-old woman underwent DSAEK for pseudophakic bullous keratopathy. Textural wavelike opacities were noted in the graft–host interface 6 days postoperatively without evidence of anterior segment inflammation. The patient's vision was also initially limited by the presence of cystoid macular edema (CME). Six months postoperatively, CME had resolved but the patient's vision failed to improve better than 20/80 because of the persistent dense interface opacities. The patient refused to undergo graft exchange despite a suboptimal visual result and she therefore was observed over time.

Results:
The interface opacities started to regress and her visual acuity improved to 20/30 by 9 months postoperatively. The opacities became gradually less prominent over the next few years, and at 7 years postoperatively, her best-corrected vision was 20/25.

Conclusion:
In this case, observation of this post-DSAEK complication rather than surgical intervention resulted in a favorable long-term visual outcome.
ChEC-seq kinetics discriminates transcription factor binding sites by DNA sequence and shapein vivo
Authors: Zentner Gabriel E. , Kasinathan Sivakanthan , Xin Beibei , Rohs Remo , Henikoff Steven 
Published: September 2015

AbstractChromatin endogenous cleavage (ChEC) uses fusion of a protein of interest to micrococcal nuclease (MNase) to target calcium-dependent cleavage to specific genomic lociin vivo.Here we report the combination of ChEC with high-throughput sequencing (ChEC-seq) to map budding yeast transcription factor (TF) binding. Temporal analysis of ChEC-seq data reveals two classes of sites for TFs, one displaying rapid cleavage at sites with robust consensus motifs and the second showing slow cleavage at largely unique sites with low-scoring motifs. Sites with high-scoring motifs also display asymmetric cleavage, indicating that ChEC-seq provides information on the directionality of TF-DNA interactions. Strikingly, similar DNA shape patterns are observed regardless of motif strength, indicating that the kinetics of ChEC-seq discriminates DNA recognition through sequence and/or shape. We propose that time-resolved ChEC-seq detects both high-affinity interactions of TFs with consensus motifs and sites preferentially sampled by TFs during diffusion and sliding.