bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moduli Spaces of (Co)Closed G2-Structures on Nilmanifolds
Authors: Bazzoni Giovanni , Gil-García Alejandro 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
We compute the dimensions of some moduli spaces of left-invariant closed and coclosed $\mathrm{G}_2$-structures on 7-dimensional nilmanifolds, showing that they are not related to the third Betti number. We also prove that, in contrast to the case of closed $\mathrm{G}_2$-structures, the group of automorphisms of a coclosed $\mathrm{G}_2$-structure is not necessarily abelian.
Speech-Gesture Matching and Schizotypal Traits: A Network Approach
Authors: Polner Bertalan , Jamalabadi Hamidreza , van Kemenade Bianca M , Billino Jutta , Kircher Tilo , Straube Benjamin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Impaired speech-gesture matching has repeatedly been shown in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Here, we tested the hypothesis that schizotypal traits in the general population are related to reduced speech-gesture matching performance and reduced self-reports about gesture perception. We further explored the relationships between facets of schizotypy and gesture processing in a network model.

Study Design
Participants (1094 mainly healthy adults) were presented with concrete or abstract sentences accompanied with videos showing related or unrelated gestures. For each video, participants evaluated the alignment between speech and gesture. They also completed self-rating scales about the perception and production of gestures (Brief Assessment of Gesture scale) and schizotypal traits (Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire—Brief 22-item version). We analyzed bivariate associations and estimated a non-regularized partial Spearman correlation network. We characterized the network by analyzing bridge centrality and controllability metrics of nodes.

Study Results
We found a negative relationship between both concrete and abstract gesture-speech matching performance and overall schizotypy. In the network, disorganization had the highest average controllability and it was negatively related to abstract speech-gesture matching. Bridge centralities indicated that self-reported production of gestures to enhance communication in social interactions connects self-reported gesture perception, schizotypal traits, and gesture processing task performance.

Conclusion
The association between impaired abstract speech-gesture matching and disorganization supports a continuum between schizophrenia and schizotypy. Using gestures to facilitate communication connects subjective and objective aspects of gesture processing and schizotypal traits. Future interventional studies in patients should test the potential causal pathways implied by this network model.
Unveiling impaired vascular function and cellular heterogeneity in diabetic donor-derived vascular organoids
Authors: Naderi-Meshkin Hojjat , Wahyu Setyaningsih Wiwit A , Yacoub Andrew , Carney Garrett , Cornelius Victoria A , Nelson Clare-Ann , Kelaini Sophia , Donaghy Clare , Dunne Philip D , Amirkhah Raheleh , Zampetaki Anna , Zeng Lingfang , Stitt Alan W , Lois Noemi , Grieve David J , Margariti Andriana 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Vascular organoids (VOs), derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), hold promise as in vitro disease models and drug screening platforms. However, their ability to faithfully recapitulate human vascular disease and cellular composition remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that VOs derived from iPSCs of donors with diabetes (DB-VOs) exhibit impaired vascular function compared to non-diabetic VOs (ND-VOs). DB-VOs display elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), heightened mitochondrial content and activity, increased proinflammatory cytokines, and reduced blood perfusion recovery in vivo. Through comprehensive single-cell RNA sequencing, we uncover molecular and functional differences, as well as signaling networks, between vascular cell types and clusters within DB-VOs. Our analysis identifies major vascular cell types (endothelial cells [ECs], pericytes, and vascular smooth muscle cells) within VOs, highlighting the dichotomy between ECs and mural cells. We also demonstrate the potential need for additional inductions using organ-specific differentiation factors to promote organ-specific identity in VOs. Furthermore, we observe basal heterogeneity within VOs and significant differences between DB-VOs and ND-VOs. Notably, we identify a subpopulation of ECs specific to DB-VOs, showing overrepresentation in the ROS pathway and underrepresentation in the angiogenesis hallmark, indicating signs of aberrant angiogenesis in diabetes. Our findings underscore the potential of VOs for modeling diabetic vasculopathy, emphasize the importance of investigating cellular heterogeneity within VOs for disease modeling and drug discovery, and provide evidence of GAP43 (neuromodulin) expression in ECs, particularly in DB-VOs, with implications for vascular development and disease.
Which knowledge is required in exams on analysis 1 courses at German universities?
Authors: Kolbe Tim , Liebendörfer Michael 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to describe the knowledge that is required in exams on Analysis 1 courses at German universities. To do so, we use the distinction between procedural and conceptual knowledge that is frequently used in the literature on mathematics education. For a more detailed analysis, we developed further categories for our coding scheme that better reflect the interaction of procedural and conceptual knowledge required to complete tasks. Using this coding scheme, we coded 49 exams from 12 out of 16 federal states in Germany, consisting of a total of 741 tasks. The analysis revealed that 69% of the tasks could be solved by recalling information or using procedural knowledge with only minor conceptual knowledge required, whilst 31% required substantial conceptual knowledge. Based on this analysis, we assume that most exams can be passed by focusing the knowledge of facts and procedures. These results indicate a discrepancy between the teaching focus on conceptual knowledge and the knowledge assessed, which is discussed.
Inter-generational consistency of the ectomycorrhizal fungal community in a mixed pine–cedar post-fire stand
Authors: Livne-Luzon Stav , Avidar Mor , Herol Lior , Rog Ido , Klein Tamir , Shemesh Hagai 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The mutualistic interaction between trees and ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) can have a major effect on forest dynamics and specifically on seedling establishment. Here, we compared the EMF community composition associated with the roots of young saplings and mature trees of two co-habiting Pinaceae: Pinus halepensis and Cedrus deodara growing together in a post-fire forest plot, using fungal ITS metabarcoding. We found that the differences in the EMF community between the two sapling groups were mostly attributed to changes in the relative abundance of specific fungal species, with little species turnover. Specifically, Tomentella showed high abundance on pine roots, while Tuber, Russula and Sebacina were more common on the roots of cedars. The physical proximity to a specific host species was correlated with the EMF community composition of young saplings. Specifically, regardless of the sapling’s own identity, the roots of saplings growing next to mature cedars had higher abundance of Tuber species, while Tomentella coerulea (Höhn. & Litsch), Russula densifolia (Secr. ex Gillet) and Tuber nitidum (Vittadini) dominated saplings next to mature pines. Cedar saplings’ shoot structure was correlated with a specific EMF species. Overall, these results suggest that when germinating next to mature trees, the EMF community of saplings could be determined by extrinsic factors such as the small-scale distribution of mature trees in the forest.
Palliative Care in Rural Communities
Authors: Fasolino Tracy , Mayfield Megan E. , Valentine Kathleen , Rosa William E. , Koci Anne 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT:
Rural communities in the United States are frequently marginalized and misrepresented. These communities face unique challenges, such as limited access to health care, nutritious food, and clean water, that contribute to persistent health disparities. This article presents the CARE (Complex, Access, Resourceful, Extraordinary) framework, which illustrates the dichotomy of rurality—its negative and positive aspects—in order to inform the development of palliative care delivery in rural settings. Various palliative care models are described that address access gaps, bolster provider capacity, and increase the provision of specialty palliative care. However, workforce shortages and reimbursement structures restrict the expansion of these services. Nurses, the largest segment of the health care workforce and the most trusted professionals, must partner with interdisciplinary colleagues and rural communities to advocate for equitable and inclusive care.
Self-Determination of Eligibility for Medication Abortion Without Ultrasonography Using a History-Based Tool
Authors: Kerestes Courtney , Tschann Mary , Pearlman Shapiro Marit , Berry Erin , Gawron Lori , Soon Reni , Kaneshiro Bliss 
Published: July 2024

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate a self-screening eligibility tool for medication abortion without an ultrasonogram.

METHODS:
We designed a patient-administered, five-question screening tool (LMP-SURE) that assesses gestational age plus factors associated with misdating or ectopic pregnancy. We recruited participants without prior ultrasonograms from family planning clinics in Alaska, Hawai‘i, Idaho, and Utah to complete a brief survey including LMP-SURE and then obtained ultrasound dating by chart review. We compared eligibility for medication abortion by ultrasonogram with eligibility by the LMP-SURE screening tool.

RESULTS:
We consented 1,026 participants; 781 met eligibility requirements and completed the tool. Using the LMP-SURE tool, we identified 493 participants (65.1%) eligible for medication abortion without an ultrasonogram. The LMP-SURE tool sensitivity (ability to correctly identify a patient ineligible for medication abortion) was 83.8% (95% CI, 73.1–90.8), specificity (ability to correctly identify a patient eligible for medication abortion) was 70.0% (95% CI, 66.4–73.3), likelihood ratio (−) (probability of someone eligible by LMP-SURE to be ineligible by ultrasonogram vs eligible by ultrasonogram) was 0.23 (95% CI, 0.13–0.40), and percentage of false-negatives was 1.5%. Only 11 patients (1.5%) who met eligibility for medication abortion without an ultrasonogram by the LMP-SURE tool were found ineligible for medication abortion by their ultrasonogram. Of those with conflicts, six (0.8%) had a gestational age beyond 77 days. The two participants (0.3%) diagnosed with ectopic pregnancies both required ultrasonograms by LMP-SURE.

CONCLUSION:
This patient-facing, brief, history-based screening tool can safely minimize the need for ultrasonogram before medication abortion.
Setting the stage for pain relief: how treatment setting impacts interdisciplinary multimodal pain treatment for patients with chronic back pain
Authors: Maser Dustin , Müßgens Diana , Kleine-Borgmann Julian , Kincses Balint , Schmidt Katharina , Elsenbruch Sigrid , Müller Daniel , Bingel Ulrike 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
While interdisciplinary multimodal pain treatment (IMPT) is an effective treatment option for chronic low back pain, it is usually accomplished as an inpatient treatment incurring substantial healthcare costs. Day hospital IMPT could be a resource-saving alternative approach, but whether treatment setting is associated with differences in treatment outcomes has not yet been studied. In a retrospective matched cohort study including data from N = 595 patients diagnosed with chronic back pain and undergoing IMPT at the back pain center in Essen, Germany, we investigated the association between treatment setting (ie, inpatient or day patient of an otherwise identical IMPT) and pain intensity, disability, and self-efficacy after treatment. Outcomes were assessed by questionnaires used in clinical routine, collected at pre-IMPT, post-IMPT, and at 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up. The results indicate that day patients showed greater improvements in pain-related disability at 3-month post-IMPT (d = 0.74) and in pain intensity at 6-month post-IMPT (d = 0.79), compared to a matched sample of inpatients. Moreover, day patients achieved higher scores in pain-related self-efficacy at discharge, 3- and 6-month post-IMPT (d = 0.62, 0.99, and 1.21, respectively) and reported fewer incapacity-for-work days than inpatients at 6-month post-IMPT (d = 0.45). These data suggest that day hospital IMPT can be as effective as inpatient treatment and might even be more effective for the less afflicted patients. Further research regarding treatment setting and indication could guide optimized and cost-efficient treatments that are more closely tailored to the individual patient's needs.
Unraveling the nexus: social entrepreneur intention and socioeconomic development with mediating role of entrepreneurial knowledge
Authors: Gul Samina , Limongi Ricardo , Syed Hassan Waleed Ul 
Published: July 2024

PurposeSocial entrepreneurship is a topical issue in the context of entrepreneurial intention. Our quantitative study seeks to explore the complex and dynamic nexus of the ever-evolving landscape of entrepreneurial intentions, which results in socioeconomic development through the mediating influence of entrepreneurial knowledge.Design/methodology/approachThe South Asian region was considered a research population, considering its characteristics and inclination toward social entrepreneurial activities. The required data were collected using an online survey questionnaire. 330 questionnaires were mailed online to the targeted participants, and 239 responses were received and analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software.FindingsThe study found a significant positive relationship between entrepreneurial intention and socioeconomic development. A 1% improvement in entrepreneurial intention corresponds to a 40% increase in socioeconomic development and 17% enhancement in entrepreneurial knowledge. Our study also demonstrates that a 1% improvement in entrepreneurial intention brings about a substantial improvement of 26% in socioeconomic development when mediated by entrepreneurial knowledge.Research limitations/implicationsIt is recommended that intentional learning spaces focus on intensifying social entrepreneurial intention and develop mechanisms for knowledge transfer platforms to facilitate knowledge sharing among social entrepreneurs. Organizations may support and take initiatives to bridge the gap between experienced and novice social entrepreneurs. Institutions may introduce incentive structures that promote sustainable entrepreneurship, highlight social entrepreneurs’ success stories, and emphasize the linkage between intention, knowledge, and positive societal outcomes.Originality/valueOwing to the lack of literature and inadequate empirical research, our study was articulated to enhance existing knowledge and postulate the basis for high-order empirical studies in the context of social entrepreneurial intention backed by entrepreneurial knowledge. Moreover, this study provoked entrepreneurial intention based on the theory of planned behavior with the mediating influence of entrepreneurial knowledge, which adds a distinctive dimension to social entrepreneurial intention, enhances research originality, and provides practical implications for individuals seeking to thrive in dynamic environments.
Indoor CO2 phytoremediation using ornamental plants: A case study in Gresik, Indonesia
Authors: Tangahu Bieby Voijant , Przybysz Arkadiusz , Mashudi Mashudi , Popek Robert , Faz M. Rosichunal Ilmi , Titah Harmin Su‐listiyaning , Purwanti Ipung Fitri , Pismanik Mariia , Mangkoedihardjo Sarwoko 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNowadays, people tend to spend more time indoor, especially in the home and office environment. Indoor air pollution such as CO2 is prevalent in domestic rooms because it is emitted mostly from human metabolism and daily activities such as cooking. This study aims to examine the change of CO2 concentration in the office of company providing logistic services located in Gresik (Indonesia) as a response to phytoremediation and evaluate the effectiveness of selected ornamental plants in controlling CO2 level. The study employed two plants species namely Maranta leuconeura E. Morren and Epipremnum aureum (Linden & André) G. S. Bunting to be placed in the first floor whereas the similar rooms in second floor were used as a control (without plants). The CO2 level in all rooms have previously been measured and compared to quality standard. The required quantity of each plant was calculated based on CO2 pollution load, office dimension, and CO2 removal rate of plants. The presence of plants did not reduce CO2 levels in the studied offices. In none of the offices with plants CO2 concentrations dropped to the recommended levels. However, the plants maintained relatively stable CO2 concentrations, unlike offices without plants, where the concentrations fluctuated and single peaks of increased concentrations were recorded. Room characteristics, exposure to sunlight, placement location of plants, and other external factors may affect efficiency of indoor phytoremediation.
Patterns of morphological evolution in the raptorial appendages of praying mantises
Authors: Izquierdo‐López Alejandro , Kiesmüller Christine , Gröhn Carsten , Haug Joachim T. , Haug Carolin , Hörnig Marie K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMantodea (praying mantises) is a group of exclusively predatory insects, which, together with nonraptorial blattodeans (cockroaches and termites) and groups exclusively found in the fossil record, form the group Dictyoptera. A central characteristic of Mantodea is the specialization of their first pair of legs as raptorial grasping appendages, but the evolution from walking to raptorial legs is not yet fully understood. Here, we trace the evolution of the raptorial appendages in Dictyoptera through time using a morphometric (morphospaces) approach. We also describe two new mantodean nymphs preserved in amber from the Cretaceous and Eocene, which expand the scarce mantodean fossil record. Blattodean and mantodean appendages appear distinct in morphospace, but several appendages of fossil non‐mantodeans can be considered raptorial, providing a potential transitional link between walking and raptorial morphotypes. Therefore, we discuss potential mantodean affinities for other predatory fossil dictyopterans. We examine changes across extant mantodeans, characterized by a straightening of the tibia especially associated with the rise of the diversification of the Mantidea and discuss whether a thickening of the femur could reflect an early adaptation to cursorial hunting.
An international perspective on the use of community engagement by conservation practitioners to support the management of inhabited islands
Authors: Nance Alexandra H. , Clarke Rohan H. , Cook Carly N. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSuccessful island conservation is critical to achieving global biodiversity targets, but significant gaps remain in our understanding of how to effectively engage island communities in conservation efforts. Social and political factors often play a major role in decision‐making processes on inhabited islands, making effective community engagement critical. To better understand the issue, we conducted an international survey of practitioners across 43 islands to understand how they engage with local communities and which methods they consider to be most effective to support their conservation goals. Most respondents used at least one form of community engagement, many using five or more different methods. Communicative and consultative modes of engagement were most commonly used, which require fewer resources and less intensive participation by the community, while only half used the more demanding collaborative approaches to engagement. Indigenous co‐management was reported by practitioners to be the most effective method for positive engagement and to support conservation outcomes, and was implemented on two‐thirds of islands with an indigenous population. Our study supports the view that practitioners consider community engagement an important part of island conservation management, but that there is a tendency for practitioners to rely on one‐way communication, rather than more resource intensive, collaborative approaches to working with communities. Future research should investigate how the communities themselves perceive different engagement methods to gain the full picture of engagement effectiveness.
Retrograde coronary venous ethanol ablation for ventricular tachycardia in a patient with inaccessible substrate due to previous surgery
Authors: Weinand Nicholas , Thind Munveer , Pomerantz Brian , Hu Tiffany , Stevenson William G. , Richardson Travis 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionCatheter‐based radiofrequency (RF) ablation is generally regarded as the standard approach for patients with ventricular tachycardia (VT) refractory to antiarrhythmic drug therapy and may be considered as a first‐line approach when there is a preference to avoid these agents. Patients with a history of cardiac surgery may have VT substrate inaccessible to catheter ablation due to intervening prosthetic materials or scar.Methods and ResultsThis article describes a 55‐year‐old patient with a history of surgically repaired subvalvular aortic stenosis and subsequent valve‐sparing root replacement who presented with sustained VT. After RF ablation failed due to VT substrate “guarded” by graft material, retrograde coronary venous ethanol ablation (RCVEA) was employed to successfully treat the clinical VT.ConclusionRCVEA ablation can be useful for treating VT when conventional ablation is limited by inaccessible substrate due to prior cardiac surgery.
The Impact of Brexit on Women, Peace and Security in Northern Ireland: Spotlight on Violence Against Women
Authors: Wright Katharine A. M. , McAreavey Ruth , Donaldson Rebecca 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe impact of Brexit on Northern Ireland (NI) is now well established; however, less attention has been given to the impact on women, despite the applicability of the Women, Peace and Security agenda. In this policy commentary, we detail the impact Brexit has had on the issue of violence against women in NI. This is timely, given that the NI Executive Office has developed an Ending Violence against Women and Girls (VAWG) Strategic Framework, of which the adoption was identified as a priority on the resumption of the NI Assembly in February 2024. In addition to the repercussions of ‘Brexit politics’ resulting in the suspension of Stormont, which stymied the adoption of the strategy, we examine what has been lost in terms of funding, data collection, benchmarking and legal protections, all of which contribute to addressing VAWG in NI. We conclude with policy points to address the issues arising.