bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theory Development in Operations Management: Extending the Frontiers of a Mature Discipline via Qualitative Research
Authors: Narasimhan Ram 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThis invited paper discusses theory development in operations management. Many stellar researchers have made excellent contributions to theory development in our field. Operations management is a maturing discipline. Recently, theory driven empirical research has become common in top‐tier journals in our field. Impelled by this trend and due to the path dependency of research, in general, researchers have examined operations phenomena using theories from management and organizational science. How do we extend the frontiers of knowledge in our maturing discipline? How do we develop theories within the field of operations management? In examining some of the seminal ideas that have shaped our field, a common characteristic is that they relied on observational studies and conceptual reasoning. Is it time for us to stress the usefulness of qualitative research methods in our field? Could this lead to an intellectual renewal in our field and extend the frontier of a maturing discipline? This paper explores these questions and advances the notion that qualitative analysis needs to be emphasized more than it has been in recent past. This paper is meant to provoke discussion among empirical researchers in operations management.
Proposal of a new ‘resect and discard’ strategy using magnifying narrow band imaging: Pilot study of diagnostic accuracy
Authors: Takeuchi Yoji , Hanafusa Masao , Kanzaki Hiromitsu , Ohta Takashi , Hanaoka Noboru 
Published: April 2014

Background and AimA ‘resect and discard’ strategy using non‐magnifying narrow band imaging (N‐NBI) has been proposed for reducing screening colonoscopy costs, but it does not take into consideration advanced histology and magnifying NBI (M‐NBI) that can potentially further improve the ‘resect and discard’ strategy. We conducted a pilot study to investigate the feasibility of M‐NBI for the new ‘resect and discard’ strategy with consideration for advanced histology.MethodsThe present study involved 63 patients. For each polyp, optical diagnosis was independently made using N‐NBI and M‐NBI, a decision (discard or send for pathology) was made based on the M‐NBI findings, and histological and optical diagnosis results were compared.ResultsSensitivity, specificity and accuracy (95% confidence interval) of M‐NBI for lesions with advanced histology were 1.00 (0.36–1.00), 0.92 (0.91–0.92) and 0.92 (0.90–0.92), respectively. Whereas the management of 86% of small polyps could be decided without formal histopathology, lesions with advanced histology were not discarded using M‐NBI. The diagnostic accuracy of M‐NBI in distinguishing neoplastic from non‐neoplastic lesions was higher than that of N‐NBI.ConclusionsWe propose a new resect and discard strategy with advanced histology using M‐NBI that is a promising strategy to reduce the costs of histopathology and to minimize the risk of discarding important lesions.
Single‐ and double‐balloon enteroscopy‐assisted endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in patients with Roux‐en‐Y plus hepaticojejunostomy anastomosis and Whipple resection
Authors: Itokawa Fumihide , Itoi Takao , Ishii Kentaro , Sofuni Atsushi , Moriyasu Fuminori 
Published: April 2014

Background and AimIn patients with Roux‐en‐Y hepaticojejunostomy (HJ with R‐Y) and Whipple resection, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) can be challenging. We report our experience with ERCP using balloon‐assisted enteroscopy (BAE) (BAE‐ERCP) in patients with HJ with R‐Y, and Whipple resection.MethodsBAE‐ERCP procedures were carried out in 62 patients (HJ with R‐Y : Whipple resection = 34:28).ResultsOverall, the rates of reaching the anastomosis were 85.3% (29/34) in HJ with R‐Y and 96.4% (27/28) in Whipple resection. In terms of HJ with R‐Y, insertion success rate by standard single‐balloon enteroscopy (SBE) was 89.3% (25/28). Insertion success rate by short BAE, including SBE and double‐balloon enteroscopy (DBE), was 50% (3/6). There was a statistically significant difference of insertion success rate between standard long BE and short BE (P = 0.021). However, in the Whipple patients, insertion success rate by standard and short SBE was 93.8% (15/16) and 91.7% (11/12), respectively. Initial insertion success rate by short BAE in Whipple patients was significantly higher than in HJ with R‐Y (91.7% vs 50%, P = 0.045). Therapeutic interventions included dilation of anastomosis stricture, stone extraction, endoscopic mechanical lithotripsy, biliary stent placement, stent extraction, endoscopic nasobiliary drainage, direct cholangioscopy, and electrohydraulic lithotripsy. Our HJ with R‐Y series and Whipple series treatment success rate was 90% (18/20) and 95.0% (19/20), respectively.ConclusionsBAE‐ERCP enabled ERCP to be carried out in patients with HJ. It is considered safe and feasible. Further experience and device improvement are needed.
Therapeutic outcomes of endoscopic resection for superficial non‐ampullary duodenal tumor
Authors: Yamamoto Yorimasa , Yoshizawa Natsuko , Tomida Hideomi , Fujisaki Junko , Igarashi Masahiro 
Published: April 2014

Background and AimEndoscopic resection (ER) is widely used as a minimally invasive therapy to remove superficial non‐ampullary duodenal tumor (SNADT). However, the indication criteria have not yet been clearly determined. At our institute, ER is done only for SNADT measuring ≤20 mm. We report our findings on the therapeutic outcomes of ER of SNADT.MethodsWe carried out ER in 47 patients with SNADT. Indication criteria for ER included a lesion suspected as high‐grade dysplasia or mucosal cancer and measuring ≤20 mm. The ER methods used to carry out en bloc resection were endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR: 17 lesions) or endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD: 30 lesions). We then analyzed the therapeutic outcomes between them.ResultsThere were no significant differences between the EMR and ESD groups with regard to age, sex, location of the lesion, and histology. The most frequent gross types resected by EMR and ESD were 0‐IIa and 0‐IIc, respectively (P = 0.004). Median procedure time was significantly longer in ESD than in EMR, 79.5 and 9 min, respectively (P < 0.001). R0 resection was achieved in 10 cases by EMR (59%) and in 27 cases by ESD (90%) (P = 0.017). No complications occurred in cases that underwent EMR, but immediate and delayed perforations occurred in three patients who underwent ESD, although this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.467).ConclusionUsing our indication criteria, which limited lesion size to ≤20 mm, satisfactory therapeutic outcomes of ER of SNADT were obtained.
Access to Medicines and Distributive Justice: Breaching Doha's Ethical Threshold
Authors: Kiddell‐Monroe Rachel 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe global health crisis in non‐communicable diseases (NCDs) reveals a deep global health inequity that lies at the heart of global justice concerns. Mirroring the HIV/AIDS epidemic, NCDs bring into stark relief once more the human consequences of trade policies that reinforce global inequities in treatment access. Recognising distributive justice issues in access to medicines for their populations, World Trade Organisation (WTO) members confirmed the primacy of access to medicines for all in trade and public health in the landmark Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health of 2001.
Patent Funded Access to Medicines
Authors: Andreassen Tom 
Published: April 2014

AbstractInstead of impeding access to essential medicines in developing countries, the essay explores why and how patents can serve as a source of funding for the much needed access to medicine. Instead of a weakening of patents, prolonged protection periods are suggested in circumstances where there is widespread lack of access. The revenues from extended patents are seen as a source of funding for drug donations to the least developed countries.
Between Relativism and Imperialism: Navigating Moral Diversity in Cross‐Cultural Bioethics
Authors: Beck Daniel 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe need for explicit theoretical reflection on cross‐cultural bioethics continues to grow as the spread of communication technologies and increased human migration has made interactions between medical professionals and patients from different cultural backgrounds much more common. I claim that this need presents us with the following dilemma. On the one hand, we do not want to operate according to an imperialist ethical framework that denies and silences the legitimacy of cultural values other than our own. On the other hand, we do not want to backslide into a form of cultural relativism that is unable to critically appraise cultural practices that are harmful, unjust, or oppressive. I examine two prominent attempts – the principlism of Tom Beauchamp and James Childress and the Contractarianism of Robert Baker – to frame cross‐cultural bioethics between these two extremes and argue that both approaches have significant flaws. The principlist approach fails to provide a non‐question begging way to identify cross‐cultural norms that does not already assume the universal legitimacy of moral principles dominant in North American society. Baker's contractarianism cannot grapple with the realities of political power imbalances that often characterize cross‐cultural moral disputes. I suggest that a naturalized feminist framework, though not free of its own theoretical difficulties, provides the best alternative for approaching moral diversity respectfully and critically.
Variation in the trophic position of common stream fishes and its relationship to the presence of a rare fish, northern leatherside chub (Lepidomeda copei)
Authors: Wesner Jeff S. , Belk Mark C. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractVariation in trophic position can be caused by structural changes in food webs that may affect the presence of, or be affected by the presence of, individual species. We examined variation in the trophic position of fishes across 14 stream sites in the Bear River drainage, WY, USA. This drainage is the focus of ongoing conservation of northern leatherside chub (Lepidomeda copei). Our goals were (i) to describe variation in trophic position of individual species and (ii) to determine whether these measures differed between sites with and without northern leatherside chub. Mean trophic position of individual fish species varied between 0 and 3 trophic positions across sites. For two of these species, trophic position declined at sites without northern leatherside chub. Importantly, habitat surveys from a previous study at 10 of these sites revealed no differences in habitat suitability for northern leatherside chub. This suggests that trophic position revealed systematic differences among sites that were not apparent based on traditional species‐habitat modelling. We outline possible mechanisms behind these patterns and argue that monitoring variation in trophic position can complement traditional, habitat‐based methods for understanding species distributions.
Mantle cell lymphoma and diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma of the testis: a unique case of composite non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Andhavarapu Swati , Crozier Jennifer A. , Jiang Liuyan , Sher Taimur 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPrimary testicular non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a rare entity with the most common histologic subtype consisting of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Patients with primary testicular lymphoma (PTL) have a poor prognosis and a higher propensity for relapse. Also rare are composite lymphomas (CL) defined as two or more morphologically and phenotypically distinct lymphomas coexisting in a single organ or tissue. Here we present the first reported case of primary testicular composite lymphoma consisting of DLBCL and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Rasburicase‐induced methemoglobinemia in two African–American female patients: an under‐recognized and continued problem
Authors: Roberts Daniel A. , Freed Jason A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractRasburicase‐induced methemoglobinemia is a known adverse effect of patients administered rasburicase for tumor lysis syndrome who have concomitant glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. This phenomenon has been described in multiple case reports but has been limited to male patients. We present the first case series illustrating this adverse effect in two female patients where morbidity and mortality associated with rasburicase‐induced methemoglobinemia were evident. Screening protocols at the reporting institutions were lacking. The prevalence of G6PD may be underestimated based on the epidemiology of sample subjects in previous studies of rasburicase. We argue that both male and female patients should be suspected of G6PD in this setting; however, more data on prevalence and cost‐effectiveness are needed on screening protocols for G6PD.
A topographic anatomical study of the equine epiploic foramen and comparison with laparoscopic visualisation
Authors: van Bergen T. , Doom M. , van den Broeck W. , Wiemer P. , Clegg P. D. , Cornillie P. , Martens A. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryReasons for performing studyThere are no previous studies correlating the anatomy of the equine epiploic foramen and its defining structures with laparoscopic images.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to describe the precise anatomy of the epiploic foramen and omental vestibule, to quantify the dimensions of the epiploic foramen and to relate these findings to laparoscopic images.Study designDescriptive study of cadaver material and laparoscopic images.MethodsThirty‐two horses subjected to euthanasia for reasons unrelated to colic were studied. Two cadavers were used to make vascular casts of the coeliac artery and portal vein. In 30 cadavers the epiploic foramen and omental vestibule were cast with a polyurethane prepolymer immediately after euthanasia. The cast served as a landmark during dissection and the circumference of the epiploic foramen was measured from these casts. Histology was performed on structures defining the epiploic foramen in 2 horses. Laparoscopic images from 6 standing right flank procedures were reviewed.ResultsThe defining structures of the epiploic foramen and omental vestibule are the hepatoduodenal ligament, hepatogastric ligament and the gastropancreatic and hepatopancreatic folds. The hepatoduodenal ligament has a secondary fold which forms the ventral border of the epiploic foramen, consisting of a central connective tissue core of mainly elastin fibres. The hepatic artery for part of its course is incorporated in the hepatoduodenal ligament. All these structures are clearly visible laparoscopically. The mean circumference of the epiploic foramen is 11.6 ± 2.6 cm and its circumference is positively correlated with body weight but is unrelated to age or gender.ConclusionsSeveral clinically relevant structures delineate the epiploic foramen. Its defining structure consists, in part, of elastin fibres. Anatomical and laparoscopic knowledge may assist surgeons in developing interventions to treat diseases involving the epiploic foramen.
Modulating hair follicle size with Wnt10b/DKK1 during hair regeneration
Authors: Lei Mingxing , Guo Haiying , Qiu Weiming , Lai Xiangdong , Yang Tian , Widelitz Randall B. , Chuong Cheng‐Ming , Lian Xiaohua , Yang Li 
Published: April 2014

AbstractHair follicles have characteristic sizes corresponding to their cycle‐specific stage. However, how the anagen hair follicle specifies its size remains elusive. Here, we showed that in response to prolonged ectopic Wnt10b‐mediated β‐catenin activation, regenerating anagen hair follicles grew larger in size. In particular, the hair bulb, dermal papilla and hair shaft became enlarged, while the formation of different hair types (Guard, Awl, Auchene and Zigzag) was unaffected. Interestingly, we found that the effect of exogenous WNT10b was mainly on Zigzag and less on the other kinds of hairs. We observed dramatically enhanced proliferation within the matrix, DP and hair shaft of the enlarged AdWnt10b‐treated hair follicles compared with those of normal hair follicles at P98. Furthermore, expression of CD34, a specific hair stem cell marker, was increased in its number to the bulge region after AdWnt10b treatment. Ectopic expression of CD34 throughout the ORS region was also observed. Many CD34‐positive hair stem cells were actively proliferating in AdWnt10b‐induced hair follicles. Importantly, subsequent co‐treatment with the Wnt inhibitor, DKK1, reduced hair follicle enlargement and decreased proliferation and ectopic localization of hair stem cells. Moreover, injection of DKK1 during early anagen significantly reduced the width of prospective hairs. Together, these findings strongly suggest that Wnt10b/DKK1 can modulate hair follicle size during hair regeneration.
Distinct melanoma types based on reflectance confocal microscopy
Authors: Pellacani Giovanni , De Pace Barbara , Reggiani Camilla , Cesinaro Anna Maria , Argenziano Giuseppe , Zalaudek Iris , Soyer H. Peter , Longo Caterina 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDistinct melanoma types exist in relation to patient characteristics, tumor morphology, histopathologic aspects and genetic background. A new diagnostic imaging tool, reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), allows in vivo analysis of a given lesion with nearly histologic resolution while offering a dynamic view of the tissue in its ‘natural’ environment. The aim of this study was to analyse cell morphology of consecutive melanomas as they appear on RCM and to correlate morphology with tumor and patient characteristics. One hundred melanomas were visualized by RCM before excision. Clinical data, confocal features and histologic criteria were analysed. Four types of melanomas were identified as follows: (i) Melanomas with a predominantly dendritic cell population (‘dendritic‐cell melanomas’) typically were thin by Breslow index; (ii) Melanomas typified by roundish melanocytes were smaller in size than dendritic cell MMs, but thicker by Breslow index, and predominantly occurred in patients with a high nevus count; (iii) Melanomas characterized by dermal nesting proliferation usually were thick by Breslow index at the time of diagnosis, although frequently smaller in size compared with the other types; and (iv) combined type melanomas may represent an evolution of dendritic cell and/or round cell types. Integration of confocal microscopy with clinical and histologic aspects may help in identifying and managing distinct tumors.
Human hypertrophic and keloid scar models: principles, limitations and future challenges from a tissue engineering perspective
Authors: van den Broek Lenie J. , Limandjaja Grace C. , Niessen Frank B. , Gibbs Susan 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMost cutaneous wounds heal with scar formation. Ideally, an inconspicuous normotrophic scar is formed, but an abnormal scar (hypertrophic scar or keloid) can also develop. A major challenge to scientists and physicians is to prevent adverse scar formation after severe trauma (e.g. burn injury) and understand why some individuals will form adverse scars even after relatively minor injury. Currently, many different models exist to study scar formation, ranging from simple monolayer cell culture to 3D tissue‐engineered models even to humanized mouse models. Currently, these high‐/medium‐throughput test models avoid the main questions referring to why an adverse scar forms instead of a normotrophic scar and what causes a hypertrophic scar to form rather than a keloid scar and also, how is the genetic predisposition of the individual and the immune system involved. This information is essential if we are to identify new drug targets and develop optimal strategies in the future to prevent adverse scar formation. This viewpoint review summarizes the progress on in vitro and animal scar models, stresses the limitations in the current models and identifies the future challenges if scar‐free healing is to be achieved in the future.
The Costs and Pitfalls of Individualizing Decisions and Incentivizing Conflict: A Comment on Afcc's Think Tank Report on Shared Parenting
Authors: Braver Sanford L. 
Published: April 2014

The AFCC Think Tank on Research, Policy, Practice, and Shared Parenting is quite groundbreaking, had an all‐star cast, and the issues could hardly be more important to our organization. Yet, many will regard the final report from the think tank as disappointing because, simply, it fails to say very much. I argue that the reason is that the think tank gave too little consideration to two interlocking costs to the families. First are the costs associated with individualizing decisions on a case‐by‐case basis. Much as it may be desirable, we may really not know how to properly individualize, tailor, or custom‐fit parenting plans to achieve the best possible outcomes in each case. So, the effort and expense and time and trouble taken in the futile pursuit of case‐specific decisions come with little corresponding benefits. Better to have a starting place that covers the majority of cases and families, with, of course, the ability to deviate when the fit is obviously bad. The general public strongly believes that shared parenting is that starting place and that any other position is biased. The second cost is that vagueness and ambivalence will ultimately be iatrogenic for families by leading to greater conflict. Various proposals under consideration differently incentivize parents to engage in that conflict. Presumptions, of any flavor, generally minimize such incentives. A shared parenting presumption would minimize that incentive most of all.
Key Points for the Family Court Community
We do not know enough to validly individualize custody arrangements.
Vagueness and ambivalence incentivize conflict between the parents, which we do know is deleterious.
A shared parenting presumption is strongly viewed by the public as the correct starting place and that any other position is biased.
The buzz among divorce professionals about what is “the best”—and/or the most judge preferred—arrangement exerts heavy influence on the arrangements most parents eventually settle upon.
The think tank provides an extremely useful agenda for future research.
A Presumption Against Shared Parenting for Family Court Litigants
Authors: Jaffe Peter 
Published: April 2014

Shared parenting is the most beneficial model for planning the future of many separating parents and their children. Shared parenting needs to be crafted, for appropriate cases, by willing parents on their own or through coaching by responsible lawyers, counselors, or mediators. Shared parenting is not an outcome that should be forced on high‐conflict parents against their will as a compromise in the hopes that they will grow into the plan. Separating parents with a history of domestic violence need to receive appropriate screening and assessment on the nature of the violence, the impact of the violence on the adult victim and children, and the interventions required by the perpetrator before a safe parenting plan can be designed. The Think Tank Report on shared parenting is to be commended for its work. The Report acknowledges some of the limitations of shared parenting in situations that pose risks to children and/or inadvertently promote ongoing conflicts between parents. My concern is that domestic violence victims will be forced into shared parenting or fear being labeled as “hostile” and “unfriendly parents” or accused of alienation. There continues to be a need for much more professional education on the ongoing risks of domestic violence and the implications for differentiated parenting plans.
Key Points for the Family Court Community:
Shared parenting is not for everyone.
Litigating parents are unlikely to make shared parenting work.
Case of domestic violence require screening and a differentiated parenting plan that recognizes safety, accountability and healing.