bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A rare case of Cryptococcus gattii pneumonia in a renal transplant patient
Authors: Cicora F. , Petroni J. , Formosa P. , Roberti J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractCryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are environmental fungi that can cause fever, cough, pneumonia, meningoencephalitis, dissemination, and death. C. gattii causes cryptococcomas more frequently than does C. neoformans and may require prolonged antifungal treatment. We present a rare case of C. gattii pneumonia in a renal transplant patient. A 44‐year‐old man, living in a rural area endemic for C. gattii and who had received a kidney transplant, was admitted to the hospital with fever, vomiting, weight loss, and diarrhea. A chest computed tomography revealed 2 alveolar, nodular, subpleural infiltrates in the periphery of the lungs. Differential diagnoses included infectious infiltrates, granulomatosis, embolization, and hemorrhage. C. gattii, molecular type VGI, was confirmed on day 28. Treatment consisted of amphotericin B at 1 mg/kg/day or fluconazole at 800 mg/day for first 6 weeks, followed by fluconazole at 400 mg/day for the subsequent 12 months. Response to the therapy has been slow. Because of the occurrence of outbreaks and its high morbidity and mortality rates, physicians must be aware of this complication in transplant recipients to avoid delays in diagnosis and to provide prompt management.
Weed seedbank size and composition in a long‐term tillage and crop sequence experiment
Authors: Ruisi P , Frangipane B , Amato G , Badagliacca G , Di Miceli G , Plaia A , Giambalvo D 
Published: February 2015

SummaryKnowledge of the effects of agricultural practices on weed seedbank dynamics is essential for predicting future problems in weed management. This article reports data relative to weed seedbank structure after 18 years of continuous application of conventional tillage (CT, based on mouldboard ploughing) or no tillage (NT) within three crop sequences (continuous wheat, WW; wheat–faba bean, WF; and wheat–berseem clover, WB). Tillage system did not affect the size of the total weed seedbank, but altered both its composition and the distribution of seeds within the soil profile. In particular, the adoption of CT favoured some species (mainly Polygonum aviculare), whereas the continuous use of NT favoured other species (Papaver rhoeas, Phalaris spp. and Lactuca serriola). The effects of tillage system on weed seedbank size and composition were less pronounced in the WB cropping system than in either the WW or WF. Compared with WF and WB, WW resulted in an increase in total weed seedbank density (about 16 000 seedlings m−2 in WW, compared with 10 000 and 6000 seedlings m−2 in WF and WB, respectively) and a reduction in weed diversity, with a strong increase in some species (e.g. Polygonum aviculare). Our results for the effect of NT application on weed seedbank size and composition suggest that farmers should only apply such a conservative technique within an appropriate crop sequence.
Impact of Irrigation Methods on Land Surface Model Spinup and Initialization of WRF Forecasts
Authors: Lawston Patricia M. , Santanello Joseph A. , Zaitchik Benjamin F. , Rodell Matthew 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn the United States, irrigation represents the largest consumptive use of freshwater and accounts for approximately one-third of total water usage. Irrigation impacts soil moisture and can ultimately influence clouds and precipitation through land–planetary boundary layer (PBL) coupling processes. This study utilizes NASA’s Land Information System (LIS) and the NASA Unified Weather Research and Forecasting Model (NU-WRF) framework to investigate the effects of drip, flood, and sprinkler irrigation methods on land–atmosphere interactions, including land–PBL coupling and feedbacks at the local scale. To initialize 2-day, 1-km WRF forecasts over the central Great Plains in a drier-than-normal (2006) and a wetter-than-normal year (2008), 5-yr irrigated LIS spinups were used. The offline and coupled simulation results show that regional irrigation impacts are sensitive to time, space, and method and that irrigation cools and moistens the surface over and downwind of irrigated areas, ultimately resulting in both positive and negative feedbacks on the PBL depending on the time of day and background climate conditions. Furthermore, the results portray the importance of both irrigation method physics and correct representation of several key components of land surface models, including accurate and timely land-cover and crop-type classification, phenology (greenness), and soil moisture anomalies (through a land surface model spinup) in coupled prediction models.
An experimental study of heat pipe heat exchanger for cooling and dehumidification in an indirect evaporative way
Authors: Chan Ming-yin , Ng Roger Tsz-ho 
Published: February 2015

A study of energy retrofit by combined heat pipe heat exchanger with cold condensate was carried out and results are presented in this paper. The parameters of study including inlet water temperature, water flow rate, primary air velocity, and exhaust air velocity on systems performance are experimentally investigated. Experiment results indicate that for a small condensate flow rate, both the latent heat of exhaust air and sensible heat of condensate can simultaneously be utilized for cooling and dehumidifying primary air, which is expected to be efficient for energy retrofit in central air conditioning systems. Practical application: Cold condensate from Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) plants are usually discharged or drained off. Reuse of cold condensate not only reduces wastage of water, it also fully utilizes energy and improves overall efficiency of HVAC plants. The installation and capital cost for heat pipe heat exchanger are reasonable. The physical space required is also affordable. Its practical value is useful.
Quantifying the domestic building fabric ‘performance gap’
Authors: Johnston David , Miles-Shenton Dominic , Farmer David 
Published: February 2015

In the UK, there is mounting evidence that the measured in situ performance of the building fabric in new build dwellings can be greater than that predicted, resulting in a significant building fabric ‘performance gap’. This paper presents the coheating test results from 25 new build dwellings built to Part L1A 2006 or better. Whilst the total number of dwellings reported here is small, the results suggest that a substantial ‘performance gap’ can exist between the predicted and measured performance of the building fabric, with the measured whole building U value being just over 1.6 times greater than that predicted. This is likely to have significant implications in terms of the energy use and CO2 emissions attributable to these dwellings in use. Practical application: This paper describes an aggregate approach (coheating test) that has been applied to a small sample of dwellings to quantify the size of the ‘performance gap’. The results suggest that this ‘gap’ can be large (>100%) and can vary depending upon form and construction type. The results also illustrate the importance of developing a larger, more representative whole dwelling heat loss data set. This could be used by industry to apply a suitable performance factor (note 1) to the nominal performance of new build that accounts for the ‘performance gap’. This factor could be specific to form and main construction type.
Mycophenolic acid upregulates miR-142-3P/5P and miR-146a in lupus CD4+T cells
Authors: Tang Q , Yang Y , Zhao M , Liang G , Wu H , Liu Q , Xie Y , Li D , Dai Y , Yung S , Chan T M , Lu Q 
Published: February 2015

Background Mycophenolic acid (MPA), the active metabolite of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), is a noncompetitive inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, and is now widely used for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Dysregulated expression of microRNA has been reported to be associated with the pathogenesis of SLE. However, it is unexplored whether altering microRNA expression in SLE patients is one of the therapeutic effects of MPA. Objectives This study thus aims to investigate the effect of MPA on microRNAs expression in lupus CD4+T cells and its underlying mechanisms. Results According to our microarray data, 101 upregulated microRNAs and 77 downregulated microRNAs were identified in MPA-treated lupus CD4+T cells. Among these microRNAs, miR-142-3p/5p and miR-146a expression was found to be significantly increased in MPA-treated lupus CD4+T cells compared to untreated controls. Furthermore, we observed that MPA-treated CD4+T cells from patients with SLE showed enriched levels of H4 acetylation in the putative miRNA-142 regulatory region and enhanced levels of H3 acetylation in the putative miRNA-146a regulatory region compared to untreated cells. Conclusion Data from this study suggest that MPA activates miR-142 and miR-146a expression through histone modification at the promoter region, which may partially explain the pharmacological mechanisms of MPA for SLE.
Biomarkers of fatigue related to adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer: evaluation of plasma and lymphocyte expression
Authors: Cruz Felipe M , Munhoz Bruna A , Alves Beatriz CA , Gehrke Flavia S , Fonseca Fernando LA , Kuniyoshi Renata K , Cubero Daniel , Peppone Luke J , del Giglio Auro 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundFatigue is common in cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. To further understand the mechanism of fatigue and search for potential biomarkers, we conducted this prospective study. MethodsWe enrolled breast cancer (BC) patients before their first adjuvant Adriamycin‐based chemotherapy cycle. Patients responded to the brief fatigue inventory (BFI) and Chalder fatigue questionnaires and had their blood drawn for both plasma evaluation and evaluation of the peripheral mononuclear cell fraction (PMNCF) mRNA expression of various biomarkers. We evaluated FSH, LH, estradiol, DHEA, DHEAS, IL6, IL2, ILIRA, IL1β, CRP, Cortisol in the plasma and IL2, IL10, IL6, TGF‐β, KLRC1, TNF, BTP, SNCA, SOD1, BLNK, PTGS2 and INF γ expression in the PMNCF.Results11 patients did not exhibit an increase in their BFI scores and served as controls, whereas 32 patients exhibited an increase in their BFI scores compared with the baseline scores. From the biomarkers we evaluated in the PMNCF, the only one significantly associated with fatigue was TGF‐β (p = 0.0343), while there was a trend towards significance with KLRC1 (p = 0.0627). We observed no evidence of significant associations of any plasma biomarkers with the development of fatigue. However when we analyzed patients with more severe fatigue, plasma IL1‐RA levels correlated directly with higher fatigue scores (p = 0.0136).ConclusionsWe conclude that fatigue induced by chemotherapy in BC patients is associated with changes in IL1‐ra plasma levels and in TGF‐β lymphocyte expression. Its mechanism may be different than that observed in long‐term BC survivors or that induced by radiation therapy.Trial registrationNCT02041364 [ClinicalTrials.gov]
Enhanced production of flavonoids by methyl jasmonate elicitation in cell suspension culture of Hypericum perforatum
Authors: Wang Jing , Qian Jie , Yao Lingyun , Lu Yanhua 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Background
Flavonoids of Hypericum perforatum are important secondary metabolites which have been widely utilized in medicine for a range of purposes. The use of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) elicitation for the enhancement of flavonoid production in cell suspension culture of H. perforatum would be an efficient alternative method for the flavonoid production.

Results
MeJA influenced the cells growth and flavonoid production. The optimal elicitation strategy was treatment of the cell cultures with 100 μmol/L MeJA on day 15, which resulted in the highest flavonoid production (280 mg/L) and 2.7 times of control cultures. The activities of catalase (CAT) were inhibited after MeJA treatment in the cell cultures, while the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) increased, which led to the enhancement of flavonoid production.

Conclusion
MeJA elicitation is a useful method for the enhancement of flavonoid production in cell suspension culture of H. perforatum.
Social dominance and reproductive differentiation mediated by dopaminergic signaling in a queenless ant
Authors: Okada Yasukazu , Sasaki Ken , Miyazaki Satoshi , Shimoji Hiroyuki , Tsuji Kazuki , Miura Toru 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTIn social Hymenoptera with no morphological caste, a dominant female becomes an egg layer, whereas subordinates become sterile helpers. The physiological mechanism that links dominance rank and fecundity is an essential part of the emergence of sterile females, which reflects the primitive phase of eusociality. Recent studies suggest that brain biogenic amines are correlated with the ranks in dominance hierarchy. However, the actual causality between aminergic systems and phenotype (i.e. fecundity and aggressiveness) is largely unknown due to the pleiotropic functions of amines (e.g. age-dependent polyethism) and the scarcity of manipulation experiments. To clarify the causality among dominance ranks, amine levels and phenotypes, we examined the dynamics of the aminergic system during the ontogeny of dominance hierarchy in the queenless ant Diacamma sp., which undergoes rapid physiological differentiation based on dominance interactions. Brain dopamine levels differed between dominants and subordinates at day 7 after eclosion, although they did not differ at day 1, reflecting fecundity but not aggressiveness. Topical applications of dopamine to the subordinate workers induced oocyte growth but did not induce aggressiveness, suggesting the gonadotropic effect of dopamine. Additionally, dopamine receptor transcripts (dopr1 and dopr2) were elevated in the gaster fat body of dominant females, suggesting that the fat body is a potential target of neurohormonal dopamine. Based on this evidence, we suggest that brain dopamine levels are elevated in dominants as a result of hierarchy formation, and differences in dopamine levels cause the reproductive differentiation, probably via stimulation of the fat body.
Review essay: A surfeit of violence?
Authors: Exertzoglou Haris 
Published: February 2015

Review article of Ayşe Ozil, <em>Orthodox Christians in the Late Ottoman Empire: A Study of Communal Relations in Anatolia</em>, London: Routledge, 2013; Nicholas Doumanis, <em>Before the Nation: Muslim–Christian Coexistence and its Destruction in the Late Ottoman Anatolia</em>, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013; Ryan Gingeras, <em>Sorrowful Shores: Violence, Ethnicity and the End of the Ottoman Empire, 1912–1923</em>, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.
Impacts of FTA Utilization on Firm Performance
Authors: Hayakawa Kazunobu 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The international export and investment activities of firms have been widely studied by scholars. In particular, prior studies have focused on two main hypotheses about firms engaged in international activities such as exporting and investing abroad; namely, self-selection of more productive firms into international activities and learning-by-doing international activities. This paper is the first study that explores these hypotheses in regard to firms’ use of free trade agreements (FTAs). We first estimate the propensity score for firms’ use of FTA schemes, and find that larger firms are more likely to participate. Then, by conducting matching analysis using the propensity scores, we find that, at least in the short run, the use of FTAs does not change bilateral exports, bilateral imports and employment but does raise the share of local inputs.
The Electronic Spectrum and Structure of Tetrasulfur Dinitride
Authors: Palmer Michael H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Ab initio configuration interaction calculations of the ground and singlet A′ and A″ excited states have been performed, with all possible single and double excitations from the 10 highest occupied orbitals to the lowest 17 virtual orbitals being included, the previous Cs symmetry molecular structure being used. Some of the states can be identified with excitation from individual occupied (SCF) orbitals to members of the virtual set, but some are not well represented by single configuration concepts. The results suggest that the three broad UV-spectral maxima observed in solution are not single excitations, but groups of excited states, with a total of 8 states. The closeness of some of these states makes positive assignment difficult. The most probable assignment is 455 nm (1 A″), 377 nm (2A″ + 1A′+ 2A′), ~ 277 nm (3A″ + 3A′), 232 nm (4A′ + 4A″).
Coulomb Complexing and the Solubilization of Oxides in Halide Melts
Authors: Blander M. , Nagy Z. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Coulomb attractions between polyvalent cations and anions in alkali halide melts lead to the formation of complex ions and to the solubilization of oxides of some cations by their halides. We have observed such solubilizations of Al2O3 in LiCl-KCl eutectic melts. In addition, we predict and observe the dissolution of a number of other oxides by AlCl3 in LiCl-KCl melts. We also predict that solubilization will be better in other halide solvents. Our results suggest possible new media for pyrometallurgy and chemical and electrochemical processes.
Fused Salt Concentration Cells with Transference Transport Numbers of Molten Alkali Chloride and Silver Chloride Mixtures
Authors: Conradt R. , Richter J. , Wettich H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
By emf measurements on concentration cells with silver electrodes the transport numbers of molten NaCl + AgCl, KCl + AgCl, RbCl + AgCl, and CsCl + AgCl have been determined over the whole concentration range at temperatures between 800 and 1075 K. All systems show an "inversion point" (equal cation mobilities), which shifts to higher silver chloride concentrations with higher temperatures. At high dilutions the diluted cation is always the less mobile one.
A New Class of Organic Luminophores With a Stilbene Chromophore: 3-Phenylmethylene-1(3H)-Isobenzofuranones
Authors: Nikolov Peter , Fratev Filip , Minchev Stoyan 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A new class of luminophores with a stilbene chromophore, 3-phenylmethylene-1(3H)-iso-benzofuranones (BPH's), has been investigated. The fluorescence occurs in the region 26000-16000 cm-1, the maximal quantum yield being about 0.6. As a result of substitution or higher polarity of the solvent the ππ* state of the BPH's separates from the fluorescently inactive nπ* state.
The S0-S2 absorption transition of the BPH's results from an excitation which is practically localized in the stilbene fragment. The good linear correlation of the fluorescence and absorption maxima and O-O transitions in ethanol with the σp-Hammett constants has been used for an interpretation of the changes in the potential hyperfaces of S0 and S1 states.
Influence of SF6 on the Broadening and Shift of the 535.0 nm Thallium Line
Authors: Lisicki E. , Bobkowski R. , Szudy J. , Wolnikowski J. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The pressure broadening and shift of the 535.0 nm Tl line resulting from the photodissociation of thallium iodide mixed with sulfur hexafluoride were studied at low densities using a Fabry-Perot interferometer. A linear variation of both the width and shift of the line with the SF6 density was found and the cross sections for the broadening and shift were determined.
Molar Volumes and Molar Excess Volumes of Molten Alkali Chloride + Silver Chloride Mixtures
Authors: Krekelberg A. , Merkens W. , Richter J. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Measurements of the densities (and with these of the molar volumes and the excess volumes) of the molten salt systems LiCl + AgCl, NaCl + AgCl, KCl + AgCl, RbCl + AgCl, and CsCl + AgCl as functions of composition and temperature from the liquidus curve up to 1200 K are reported. It is shown that a linear relation with the volume fraction fits the measured densities of the alkali chloride + silver chloride mixtures better than one with the mole fraction.
On the Decomposition of Spinor Fields which satisfy a Nonlinear Higher Order Equation
Authors: Großer D. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A field theory which is based entirely on fermion fields is non-renormalizable if the kinetic energy contains only derivatives of first order and therefore higher derivatives have to be included. Such field theories may be useful for describing preons and their interaction. In this note we show that a spinor field which satisfies a higher order field equation with an arbitrary nonlinear selfinteraction can be written as a sum of fields which satisfy first order equations.
X-Ray Spectroscopic Studies on Fe40Ni38Mo4B18 Glassy Alloy During the Crystallization Process
Authors: Cocco G. , Enzo S. , Incoccia L. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
X-ray absorption spectroscopic measurements carried out on Fe40Ni38Mo4B18 glassy alloy undergoing crystallization are examined and discussed. Some trends in agreement with local-order rearrangements revealed by more conventional approaches (RDF and SAXS) have been found.
Peculiar features effected in the EXAFS and XANES spectra by increasing temperature treatments, have been interpreted on the ground of different strength of boron interaction with Ni and Fe atoms.
Nonlinear Evolution of External Ideal MHD Modes Near the Boundary of Marginal Stability
Authors: Rebhan E. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The nonlinear evolution of external ideal MHD-modes is determined from the equations of ideal MHD by employing a reductive perturbation method which uses a driving parameter for expansion. The reduction of the plasma equations is the same as for internal modes and was treated previously [1]. A main problem arising in addition for external modes is the reduction of the nonlinear boundary conditions. The set of reduced boundary conditions is obtained on the undisplaced boundary in the marginally stable equilibrium position. Another additional problem arises from the fact that the linear MHD operator is only selfadjoint for linear eigenmodes but not for the higher order mode corrections. This complicates the determination of nonlinear amplitude equations for the marginal mode which are obtained from solubility conditions. The amplitude equations are qualitatively the same as for internal modes. Quantitatively, the calculation of the coefficients in these is different. Explicit expressions for the coefficients are derived in full generality. The effect of higher order corrections to the nonlinear amplitude equations is discussed quantitatively for one of two possible cases and qualitatively for the other.
Quantenchemische Rechnungen am Borin (Borabenzol)
Authors: Raabe Gerhard , Heyne Eberhard , Schleker Wolfgang , Fleischhauer Jörg 
Published: February 2015

Although many Borinato-transition metal-complexes have been isolated after the first synthesis and characterisation of such a molecule in 1970, nobody succeeded so far in isolating the unsubstituted neutral ligand Borine (Borabenzene) C5H5B.
It is the aim of this theoretical investigation to find at least a partial answer to the question why the free borine should be a highly reactive molecule.
The results of semiempirical and ab-initio-calculations presented here show that the LUMO of the free and unsubstituted borine in contrast to benzene and pyridine should be a σ*-molecular orbital which causes pronounced σ-acceptor properties.