bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coronary Arteriovenous Fistula in a Patient with Aortic Valve Regurgitation
Authors: Ganji Jhansi L. , Click Roger L. , Najib Mohammad Q. , Schaff Hartzell V. , Chaliki Hari P. 
Published: December 2012

Mini‐AbstractWe present a case of a 25‐year‐old man with aortic regurgitation secondary to infective endocarditis. A preoperative transesophageal echocardiography demonstrated an abnormal aortic valve with possible vegetation or torn leaflet with severe aortic regurgitation, markedly dilated left coronary arteries, and a fistulous communication between the circumflex artery and the coronary sinus. The aortic valve was repaired and the coronary sinus arteriovenous fistula was ligated. At 1‐year follow‐up, there was no evidence of recurrent arteriovenous fistula or aortic regurgitation.
Relationship between Myocardial Performance Index and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease Assessed with SYNTAX Score in Stable Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Şahin Durmuş Yıldıray , Gür Mustafa , Elbasan Zafer , Uysal Onur Kadir , Özaltun Betül , Şeker Taner , Özkan Buğra , Kalkan Gülhan Yüksel , Kıvrak Ali , Çaylı Murat 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundThe aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) assessed with SYNTAX score (SS) and myocardial performance index (MPI) in stable CAD.MethodsThe study participants consisted of 106 consecutive patients (mean age: 57.6 ± 9.5 years) with angiographically proven obstructive stable CAD and 30 patients with nonobstructive CAD (control group) (mean age: 58.0 ± 7.6 years). The MPI was calculated by using pulsed‐wave Doppler before coronary angiography. Coronary angiography was performed in all patients. The SS was prospectively calculated in 106 obstructive CAD patients. Patients were partitioned into 3 groups based on SS. Frequencies of risk factors, biochemical and hematological data were recorded in all patients.ResultsThe SS tertiles were defined as SSlow ≤ 8 (n = 35), SSmid ≤ 17 (n = 36), and SShigh > 17 (n = 35). The patients with SShigh group (mean MPI; 0,48 ± 0.06) based on SS had significantly higher MPI values compared with the SSmid (mean MPI; 0,44 ± 0.05), SSlow (mean MPI; 0.43 ± 0.06), and control (mean MPI; 0.41 ± 0.05) groups (P < 0.05 for all). The MPI levels of control group were also lower than compared with SSmid group (P = 0.006). The MPI value was significantly correlated with SS (r = 0.564, P < 0.001), diabetes (r = 0.355, P < 0.001), hypertension (r = 0.326, P < 0.001), and ejection fraction (EF) (r = −0.224, P = 0.018) in bivariate analysis. Multivariate regression analysis showed that MPI was independently associated with SS (β = 0.486, P < 0.001) and diabetes (β = 0.205, P = 0.028).ConclusionAlthough the normal EF, MPI value was impaired in proportion to the severity of CAD in patients with stable CAD.
The effect of one additional driver mutation on tumor progression
Authors: Reiter Johannes G. , Bozic Ivana , Allen Benjamin , Chatterjee Krishnendu , Nowak Martin A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractTumor growth is caused by the acquisition of driver mutations, which enhance the net reproductive rate of cells. Driver mutations may increase cell division, reduce cell death, or allow cells to overcome density‐limiting effects. We study the dynamics of tumor growth as one additional driver mutation is acquired. Our models are based on two‐type branching processes that terminate in either tumor disappearance or tumor detection. In our first model, both cell types grow exponentially, with a faster rate for cells carrying the additional driver. We find that the additional driver mutation does not affect the survival probability of the lesion, but can substantially reduce the time to reach the detectable size if the lesion is slow growing. In our second model, cells lacking the additional driver cannot exceed a fixed carrying capacity, due to density limitations. In this case, the time to detection depends strongly on this carrying capacity. Our model provides a quantitative framework for studying tumor dynamics during different stages of progression. We observe that early, small lesions need additional drivers, while late stage metastases are only marginally affected by them. These results help to explain why additional driver mutations are typically not detected in fast‐growing metastases.
Analysing Electroacoustic Music: an Interactive Aural Approach
Authors: Clarke Michael 
Published: December 2012

AbstractElectroacoustic music presents particular challenges to the analyst. Often the music is not notated, and where notation is used it may well take a different form and serve a different purpose to that of acoustic music. Furthermore, the sounds employed may not be traditionally musical, and pitch and rhythm may not be the most significant parameters in the musical argument. The concept of the note as the basic building block of a work may not be appropriate, since significant structural activity may take place at a lower level or because seamless extended transformations may be used. Transcribing such music can also prove problematic, whether using traditional Western musical notations or other approaches. So where might the analytical process begin, and how can its outcomes be communicated? This article examines these issues and presents a new interactive aural approach, in which software is used to engage directly with the sounds and to allow the reader to interact with the musical materials and the methods used to create them. The development of this approach is discussed in relation to three analyses of contrasting works by Jonathan Harvey, Denis Smalley and Pierre Boulez.
Introduction: crise, réactions politiques et creusement des inégalités dans l'Union européenne
Authors: LESCHKE Janine , JEPSEN Maria 
Published: December 2012

Résumé.Dans l'introduction à ce numéro spécial de la Revue internationale du Travail, les auteurs retracent les grandes phases de la crise économique dans l'Union européenne depuis 2008 et soulignent le rôle crucial des politiques sociales pour en atténuer les effets sur la population. Toutefois, et les auteurs l'illustrent avec les inégalités entre hommes et femmes, la crise et les réactions des gouvernements ont aussi aggravé les inégalités sur le marché du travail, au sein des pays et entre eux. En outre, les variations d'un pays à l'autre, quant au contenu et à la structure des mesures de relance et d'austérité, ont aussi accentué les divergences entre les pays de l'Union.
Rémunérations et inégalités de revenu dans l'Union européenne pendant la crise
Authors: de BEER Paul 
Published: December 2012

Résumé.Les auteurs examinent les effets de la crise économique sur l'emploi, les rémunérations, les inégalités et la pauvreté dans l'Union européenne entre 2008 et 2010, notamment dans cinq pays: Allemagne, Danemark, Espagne, Royaume‐Uni et Slovaquie. Après une présentation des études antérieures, ils constatent, à ce premier stade de la crise, un comportement contracyclique des salaires réels, à la différence de ce que l'on observait lors des précédentes récessions. S'agissant des inégalités et de la pauvreté, l'intensité et la direction de leur évolution varient considérablement. Toutefois, les inégalités pourraient s'aggraver en raison des effets régressifs des politiques d'austérité annoncées ou engagées.
Tracing the fate of EU “social policy”: Changes in political discourse from the “Lisbon Strategy” to “Europe 2020”
Authors: BARBIER Jean‐Claude 
Published: December 2012

Abstract.Analysing selected European Commission and Council documents, this article identifies the changes and enduring features of the EU social policy discourse and investigates their potential determinants. It divides this discourse into three periods: the first is associated with the “Lisbon Strategy”, the second with the reforms that followed (2005–09) and the third with “Europe 2020”. The most recent period has witnessed a radical marginalization and tokenization of social policy as compared with macroeconomic and financial concerns. At the same time, EU institutions have increasingly encroached upon national jurisdiction over social policy. These changes seem to be explained by reshuffling among important actors.
Introducción: crisis, políticas para afrontarla y desigualdad en la UE
Authors: LESCHKE Janine , JEPSEN Maria 
Published: December 2012

Resumen.Esta introducción presenta los demás artículos del número monográfico y analiza las etapas de la crisis económica en la Unión Europea desde 2008, destacando la importancia de la política social para mitigar sus efectos iniciales en los europeos. Tanto la crisis como las medidas gubernamentales para afrontarla han exacerbado la desigualdad laboral dentro de cada país, como ponen de manifiesto el aumento desproporcionado del desempleo juvenil y los datos sobre género aportados por las autoras. Las divergencias en cuanto a estructura y contenido de los planes de estímulo y de austeridad nacionales también parecen explicar el aumento de las diferencias entre países dentro de la UE.
To evaluate the comparative status of oral health practices, oral hygiene and periodontal status amongst visually impaired and sighted students
Authors: Jain Ashish , Gupta Jyoti , Aggarwal Vyom , Goyal Chinu 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to evaluate the comparative status of oral health practices, oral hygiene, and periodontal status amongst visually impaired and sighted students. In this study, 142 visually impaired children from a blind school in the age group of 6–18 years were enrolled with a similar number of age and sex matched sighted students studying in different schools of Chandigarh. The outcome variables were oral hygiene practices, oral hygiene status, and periodontal status. The visually impaired had been found to have better oral hygiene practices, a nonsignificant difference of oral hygiene scores but a significantly high value for bleeding scores as compared to sighted students. Age wise comparisons showed that bleeding scores were highly significant in 9–11 years and 12–14 years age group as compared to 6–8 years and 15–18 years age group. It could be related that the increased prevalence of bleeding sites despite of better oral hygiene practices in visually impaired group might be the result of their handicap to visualize plaque.
Effect of pregnancy on gingival inflammation in systemically healthy women: a systematic review
Authors: Figuero Elena , Carrillo‐de‐Albornoz Ana , Martín Conchita , Tobías Aurelio , Herrera David 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAimTo obtain an overall quantitative estimate of the association between pregnancy and gingival inflammation.Material and MethodsMedline and EMBASE databases were searched through August 2011. Prospective cohort or cross‐sectional studies assessing the effect of pregnancy on gingival inflammation evaluated by the gingival index (GI) and/or bleeding on probing were included. Meta‐analyses were performed if possible.ResultsForty‐four articles representing 33 studies (14 cohort and 19 cross‐sectional) were included. Meta‐analyses, performed whenever possible, revealed (1) a significantly lower GI in pregnant women in the first term compared with those in their second or third term of pregnancy; (2) a lower mean GI score in post‐partum women compared with women in their second [WMD = 0.143; 95% CI (0.031; 0.255); p = 0.012] or third term [WMD = 0.256; 95% CI (0.151; 0.360); p < 0.001] of pregnancy, when considering cohort studies; (3) Non‐pregnant women had lower mean GI values than women in their second or third term of pregnancy. Small changes in plaque levels were reported.ConclusionDespite the limited number of studies included in the meta‐analyses, the present systematic review confirms the existence of a significant increase in GI throughout pregnancy and between pregnant versus post‐partum or non‐pregnant women, without a concomitant increase in plaque levels.
Relationship between gagging severity and its management in dentistry
Authors: Saita N. , Fukuda K. , Koukita Y. , Ichinohe T. , Yamashita S. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to investigate how grading according to our new gagging reflex index correlated with patient background and subsequent management. After obtaining institutional approval and informed consent, 110 patients with a gagging problem were enrolled. The patients completed the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS), and a health questionnaire at initial consultation. On the second visit, an intra‐oral examination was carried out and the severity of gag reflex determined according to our new, 5‐level Classification of Gagging Problem (CGP) index: normal gagging but not desensitised (G1 = score 1); mild gagging (G2 = score 2); moderate gagging (G3 = score 3); severe gagging (G4 = score 4); and very severe gagging (G5 = score 5). No difference was found in grade based on age or STAI or DAS scores. The CGP score in male patients was significantly higher than that in female. The management classification method and degree of desensitisation were investigated retrospectively in each patient at 3 months and 1 year after initial consultation. The higher the CGP grade, the more often intravenous sedation or general anaesthesia was required due to difficultly in desensitisation. The present results suggest that determining whether it is possible to examine the molar area without inducing the gag reflex offers the key to deciding the treatment strategy.
Associations between single‐nucleotide polymorphisms of the VEGF gene and long‐term prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kämmerer P. W. , Koch F. P. , Schiegnitz E. , Kumar V. V. , Berres M. , Toyoshima T. , Al‐Nawas B. , Brieger J. 
Published: December 2012

IntroductionFunctional polymorphisms (SNPs) of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are associated with the incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). An impact of VEGF‐SNPs on prognosis of OSCC patients seems possible. Therefore, correlations between prognostic parameters of OSCC patients and five VEGF‐SNPs were determined.Materials and MethodsIn a retrospective long‐term study, in 113 OSCC patients that underwent curative resections, five VEGF‐SNPs (−1154 G/A, +405 G/C, +936 C/T, −2578 C/A, and −460 C/T) were analyzed. Associations between SNPs and prognosis (incidence of local recurrent disease, second cancer, metastases, death, total disease‐free survival) were examined.ResultsAfter a mean follow‐up time of 57.6 months, 32 patients had local recurrences; 15 patients had second cancer, 15 patients metastases, and 23 patients died. The mean disease‐free survival was 43.1 months. A significant increased incidence of OSCC in smokers with the VEGF −2578 A/C and −460 C/T SNP was seen (each P < 0.0001). In univariate analysis, patients with advanced OSCCs (T > 2 or N > 0) together with the −1154 A/A allele had a significant worse survival and a worse disease‐free survival (both P < 0.04). The same was seen for the +405 G/G SNP (both P = 0.002). In multivariate analysis, only the negative influence of the +405 G/G SNP on survival in advanced OSCCs (T > 2) could be confirmed (P = 0.002).DiscussionPossible reciprocal interactions between smoking and VEGF‐SNP function were observed. Multivariate analysis confirmed the VEGF +405 G/G genotype to be associated with poor survival in advanced OSCCs; a further use of this haplotype as biomarker has to be discussed.
The Effect of Pregnancy Intention on Maternal Prenatal Behaviours and Parent and Child Health: Results of an Irish Cohort Study
Authors: McCrory Cathal , McNally Sinead 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundUnintended pregnancy is associated with increased risk for adverse neonatal and early childhood outcomes spanning an array of indicators, but it remains unclear whether these risks hold independent of other biological, social and environmental risk factors.MethodsThis study uses data from the first wave of the ‘Growing Up in Ireland Study’, a large nationally representative cohort study of more than 11 000 infants, to examine the risk factors associated with unintended pregnancy. Adopting a staged approach to the analysis, the study investigates whether pregnancy intention influences maternal health behaviours during pregnancy independent of background characteristics, and whether pregnancy intention carries any additional risk for adverse infant and maternal health outcomes when we adjust for background characteristics and prenatal behaviours.ResultsThe study confirmed that sociodemographic factors are strongly associated with unintended pregnancy and that unintended pregnancy is associated with a range of health compromising behaviours that are known to be harmful to the developing fetus. While there was little evidence to suggest that pregnancy intention was associated with adverse neonatal outcomes or developmental delay independent of other covariates, there was strong evidence that intention status had a bearing on the mother's psychosocial health. Unintended pregnancy was associated with increased risk of depression (risk ratio 1.36 [95% confidence interval 1.19, 1.54]), and higher parenting stress (risk ratio 1.27 [95% confidence interval 1.16, 1.38]).ConclusionsAscertaining the mother's pregnancy intention during the first antenatal visit may represent a means for monitoring those at greatest risk for adverse mother and child outcomes.
Estimating elasticities of demand and willingness to pay for clean drinking water: empirical evidence from a household level survey in northern Pakistan
Authors: Khan Himayatullah 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis study estimates income and price elasticities of demand for improved drinking water quality in Peshawar, Pakistan. The estimates indicate that improved water can be described as a necessity but normal and an ordinary and price elastic service. Confidence intervals show however that the classification as a necessity is statistically significant. Income elasticities of willingness to pay for drinking water are estimated. The study finds that income and willingness to pay vary directly and significantly. The elasticity estimates, in general, are greater than zero, but less than unity. The study concludes that improvements in drinking water are more beneficial to low‐income groups than for high‐income groups.
Impact of changed cropping practices on weed occurrence in spring cereals in Finland – a comparison of surveys in 1997–1999 and 2007–2009
Authors: SALONEN J , HYVÖNEN T , KASEVA J , JALLI H 
Published: December 2012

Salonen J, Hyvönen T, Kaseva J & Jalli H (2012). Impact of changed cropping practices on weed occurrence in spring cereals in Finland – a comparison of surveys in 1997–1999 and 2007–2009. Weed Research.SummaryDuring recent decades, arable cropping has been intensified to increase production, but has also been constrained by agri‐environment schemes. Weed populations respond to such changes, thus indicating trends in cropping practices. In Finland, repeated monitoring of the weed flora aims to record and understand the response of weed populations to changing cultural conditions. Two recent surveys of the weed flora in Finnish spring cereal fields, conducted in 1997–1999 and 2007–2009, were evaluated to assess the effect of known changes in tillage practices and herbicide use on weed occurrence. The same 382 fields were assessed during both decades. In conventional cropping, the total abundance of weeds has remained at about the same level as recorded in the late 1990s. Overwintering weed species like Galium spurium, Lamium spp., Lapsana communis and Poa annua have become more frequent, indicating a trend towards reduced primary tillage. Increased use of glyphosate has in turn led to a decline in Elymus repens, particularly in non‐ploughed fields. Substantially increased total biomass of weeds was associated with organic cropping, due to lack of direct weed control methods and inadequate crop competition. The opposite trend was apparent in the fields, which had returned from organic farming back to conventional cropping. The results suggest that more decisive IPM strategies are required, both in organic cropping to stop the increasing weed biomass and in conventional cropping to reduce current reliance on herbicides.
The stomatological use of stones cited in the
Kitab al-tasrif
treatise (Abulcasis, 1000 CE)
Authors: Carrasco Joaquín , Liñán María 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

The search for remedies to treat dental disease is as old as mankind; such is the importance of the stomatognathic system (mouth, jaws, teeth and related structures) in the evolution of man and society. This paper concentrates on the
Kitab al-tasrif
, a medical treatise completed in 1000 CE by the famous Arab physician, surgeon and pharmacologist Abulcasis (
Abu al-Qasim al Zahrawi
; 936–1013), from Córdoba (Andalusia, southern Spain). Volume (
Maqal
) XXI of this 30-volume-long work, is dedicated to mineral panaceas for diseases of the mouth and teeth. The remedies detailed by Abulcasis are compared with those in Dioscorides' much earlier
Materia Medica
(first century CE), the later
Hortus sanitatis
(1496) by Johannes de Cuba and recent pharmacopoeias to trace and evaluate the evolutionary path of mineral-containing drugs and dental compounds, and to account for the survival of many of them in therapeutic compounds. Although effective, some of the old mineral remedies have a narrow therapeutic range and have no place in current pharmacology; however, many of them are still useful as astringents, haemostatics, antiseptics, teeth whiteners, remineralizers or caustics.
Vandetanib for the Treatment of Medullary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Chau Nicole G. , Haddad Robert I. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Vandetanib (ZD6474, Caprelsa, AstraZeneca), an oral small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that targets the rearranged during transfection receptor (RET), VEGF receptor (VEGFR2-3), and EGF receptor (EGFR), is the first systemic therapy approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of symptomatic or progressive advanced medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). In a randomized phase III trial of patients with unresectable, locally advanced, or metastatic MTC, vandetanib improved progression-free survival compared with placebo [HR, 0.46; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.31–0.69; P &lt; 0.001]. However, the benefits in delaying disease progression need to be balanced against the associated and potentially serious toxicities, including diarrhea, hypertension, and QTc prolongation. Here, we review the clinical development of vandetanib leading to its integration into the current treatment paradigm and highlight the ongoing and future challenges in TKI use in MTC. Clin Cancer Res; 19(3); 524–9. ©2012 AACR.