bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and biological evaluation of benzimidazole-linked 1,2,3-triazole congeners as agents
Authors: Harkala Karna Ji , Eppakayala Laxminarayana , Maringanti Thirumala Chary 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundBenzimidazoles and triazoles are useful structures for research and development of new pharmaceutical molecules and have received much attention in the last decade because of their highly potent medicinal activities.FindingsA simple and efficient synthesis of triazole was carried out by treatment of 2-(4-azidophenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (6) with different types of terminal alkynes in t-BuOH/H2O, sodium ascorbate, and Zn(OTf)2, screened for cytotoxicity assay and achieved good results. A series of new benzimidazole-linked 1,2,3-triazole (8a-i) congeners were synthesized through cyclization of terminal alkynes and azide. These synthesized congeners8a-iwere evaluated for their cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines. These benzimidazole-linked 1,2,3-triazole derivatives have shown promising activity with IC50values ranging from 0.1 to 43 μM. Among them, the compounds (8a,8b,8c, and8e) showed comparable cytotoxicity with adriamycin control drug.ConclusionsIn conclusion, we have developed a simple, convenient, and an efficient convergent approach for the synthesis of benzimidazole-linked 1,2,3-triazole congeners as agents.
Standardized food challenges are subject to variability in interpretation of clinical symptoms
Authors: van Erp Francine C , Knulst André C , Meijer Yolanda , Gabriele Carmelo , van der Ent Cornelis K 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundFood challenge tests are the gold standard in diagnosing food allergy. Guidelines provide scoring systems to classify symptoms during challenge and typically recommend that challenges are considered positive when objective symptoms occur. However, currently no standard criteria for the definition of a positive challenge outcome exists and interpretation of food challenges mainly depends on clinical judgment. This study aims to assess inter‐ and intra‐observer variability in outcomes of routinely performed peanut challenges in children.MethodsAll complete food challenge score sheets of double blind placebo controlled peanut challenges performed in 2008‐2010 in an academic hospital were included. Score sheets were reassessed independently by three clinical experts including double reassessment in a subset of score sheets. Inter‐ and intra‐observer variability was evaluated using kappa statistics.ResultsWe included 191 food challenge score sheets. Inter‐observer agreement on overall challenge outcome was moderate (κ = 0.59‐0.65) and was fair (κ = 0.31‐0.46) on challenges with symptoms. Intra‐observer agreement on overall challenge outcome was good (κ = 0.63‐0.77) but was moderate (κ = 0.50‐0.60) on challenges with symptoms. Subjective symptoms (oral symptoms, abdominal complaints, food aversion) were significantly associated with disagreement between observers.ConclusionsWe demonstrate that, despite strict adherence to guidelines, there is a considerable amount of variability in reassessment of symptoms recorded on food challenges sheets between and within well trained clinicians, especially when subjective symptoms occur.
Supporting new arrival students’ engagement with picture books: analysis of teacher talk using the appraisal theory
Authors: Chu Celine PY 
Published: December 2014

AbstractFor a considerable number of migrant and refugee children, their first experience of reading in a second language, and for some even their first encounter with printed materials, is in a new arrivals classroom. This paper looks at teacher talk with new arrival students as they were introduced to reading practices in a classroom. I attempt to use the Appraisal theory to investigate one teacher’s talk, particularly on how she engages the students in reading and talking about children’s picture books. Data for this study were obtained from a new arrivals classroom consisting of Year 6 and 7 students. Using a functional analysis provided by the Engagement system of the Appraisal theory, this paper aims to uncover some of the ways in which the teacher makes use of the verbal and visual resources in children’s picture books to promote engagement with the texts. It is found that teacher talk plays a crucial role in supporting new arrival students’ participation in practices associated with reading and talking about picture book texts. The analysis provides insights into how a teacher supports students with varying backgrounds of literacy experiences to engage with children’s picture books.
Investigation of the influence of effect-yarn draw and effect-yarn overfeed on texturing performance: comparison between air-jet and steam-jet textured yarn
Authors: Wickramasinghe Ganemulle Lekamalage Dharmasri , Foster Peter William 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe objective of this research work was to investigate the use of steam as a substitute fluid for air in spun-like textured yarn manufacturing. The new substitute product holds the potential for competitive advantage, lower manufacturing costs and streamlined manufacturing capabilities. Generally high-pressure steam is known to be cheaper to produce than compressed air. An existing air-jet texturing machine was modified to supply either air or steam to the texturing nozzle. Using an identical nozzle, both air-jet and steam-jet textured yarns were manufactured. The influence of effect-yarn parameters on the steam-jet texturing performance has been studied. Furthermore, steam-jet texturing was compared with air-jet texturing in terms of the processing parameters and the textured yarn properties. The results show that spun-like textured yarn manufactured using steam has lower loop instability, lower loop density and higher tensile properties than air at comparable fluid pressures. SEM image analysis shows that the entangled structure of the steam-jet textured yarns is comparable to the air-jet textured yarns. To verify the commercial feasibility of the new product, sewing threads were manufactured using both steam-jet and air-jet textured yarns and tested for sewability under commercial specifications. Sewability results indicated that the steam-jet textured sewing threads can withstand sewing at high-speeds like air-jet textured threads and are therefore suitable for manufacture of sewing threads. Therefore, it can be concluded that steam can be used as an alternative fluid for air in making spun-like textured yarns.
Eco-friendly indigo reduction using bokbunja (Rubus coreanus Miq.) sludge
Authors: Shin Younsook , Choi Min , Yoo Dong Il 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe utilization of Bokbunja (Rubus coreanus) sludge as a source of reductant was investigated to develop an eco-friendly indigo dyeing process. Total sugar contents were 18.94 and 50.87% for ethanol and water extracts, respectively. The extract was effective to reduce indigo dye. Reduction of indigo was occured rapidly in the solution containing the extract and indigo dye in alkaline condition and it reached to the maximum color yield in one or two day. The reduction potential of the extract was stabilized between -550 mV and -600 mV depending on concentration of the extract. At higher concentration of the extract, reduction power was maintained stably for longer time and stronger color yield. It was confirmed that the Bokbunja sludge extract can be an eco-friendly and safe alternative to sodium dithionite as a reducing agent in indigo dyeing processes.
Water-based acrylic copolymer as an environment-friendly corrosion inhibitor onto carbon steel in 1 M H2SO4 in static and dynamic conditions
Authors: Dinmohammadi Hamid Reza , Davoodi Ali , Farzi Gholam Ali , Korojy Bahman 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe green corrosion inhibitors serve recently as a source of environmental friendly materials in the corrosive media. In present study, corrosion inhibitive performance of a new environment-friendly acrylic copolymer (methyl methacrylate/butyl acrylate/acrylic acid) on the mild steel in 1 M H2SO4solution in the quiescence and hydrodynamic conditions was investigated.MethodsCorrosion studies was performed by potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), quantum chemical calculations, optical microscopy and rotating disk electrode (RDE) techniques.ResultsPolarization experiment showed that the inhibition efficiency increased with increasing the inhibitor concentration and the inhibitor acted as mixed–type controls predominantly cathodic reaction in whole conditions. The thermodynamic calculations showed that the inhibitor obeys Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The increase in the inhibitor concentration and immersion time had a positive effect on inhibition efficiency while temperature had a negative effect. In the hydrodynamic conditions in 600 ppm (optimum inhibitor concentration), the most efficiency was at 1500 rpm rotation speed which was attributed to the enhance mass transfer of inhibitor to the metal surface and then decreased through the high shear stress. Theoretical Density function theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the unshared pairs of electrons on oxygen atoms in functional groups such as OH, C=O and also π electrons in double bonds in structures of three monomers are suitable centers to adsorb. Finally, optical images showed that the presence of inhibitor decreased the corrosion attack sites on the surface.ConclusionsAcrylic copolymer (methyl methacrylate/butyl acrylate/acrylic acid was synthesized and it is suitable inhibitor for mild steel in 1M H2SO4solution in static conditions and increasing its concentration increases its inhibition efficiency.
Hope, happiness and home treatment: a study into patient satisfaction with being treated at home
Authors: Hubbeling Dieneke , Bertram Robert 
Published: December 2014

Aims and methodThis study investigates patient satisfaction and levels of hope after receiving treatment from a home treatment team. It studies whether distributing questionnaires during the last visit increases the response rate, and explores whether patient satisfaction and levels of hope are associated with particular elements of the care received.ResultsPatients who answered the questionnaire tended to be satisfied. When forms were distributed during the last visit, the response rate increased to at least 64%. People with negative views were more likely to return the form by post. Patient satisfaction and levels of hope were associated with most elements of received care, and the resolution of problems was predictive of both satisfaction and increased hope in logistic regression.Clinical implicationsThe distribution of service evaluation questionnaires during the last visit increased the response rate considerably. This study suggests that in order to improve services, it is important to focus on whether patients think their problems have been resolved.
Does a cluster always equal a cluster? Geographical variation of cluster populations
Authors: Morgan Josephine 
Published: December 2014

Aims and methodTo provide information regarding the extent to which the process of clustering using the mental health clustering tool captures the complexity of patient need across different geographical areas. Investigation was undertaken via a ‘deep dive’ into patient notes, with data collected on patients allocated to cluster 5, 8 or 13 in three different London boroughs.ResultsThere is evidence for within-cluster differences between patients in different London boroughs in terms of various complexity factors. Further findings in relation to accuracy of clustering suggest some area-specific patterns in terms of clustering practice, raising the possibility that clinicians have different scoring thresholds in different areas.Clinical implicationsComplexity factors can affect resource use and therefore cost of service provision. In the case of a national tariff, providers of care to more complex patients may be placed at greater financial risk. It is therefore likely that some form of tariff adjustments will need to be introduced so as not to disadvantage patients and clinicians practising in areas of greater complexity.
Staging Transgender Solidarities at Bangalore's Queer Pride
Authors: Khubchandani Kareem 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This essay analyzes narrative scenes and aesthetic choices in Because We Have a Voice Too, an activist play staged at Bangalore Pride 2012. By linking the experiences of hijras and transmen, the play enables solidarities across gender through an overarching critique of patriarchy. The connections made between FTM and MTF experiences evidences the challenges facing transmen, who are often left out of LGBT Indian discourses, and articulates hijra narratives within a specifically trans optic.
Re-admissions, re-operations and length of stay in hospital after aseptic revision knee replacement in Denmark
Authors: Lindberg-Larsen M. , Jørgensen C. C. , Bæk Hansen T. , Solgaard S. , Odgaard A. , Kehlet H. 
Published: December 2014

We present detailed information about early morbidity after aseptic revision knee replacement from a nationwide study. All aseptic revision knee replacements undertaken between 1st October 2009 and 30th September 2011 were analysed using the Danish National Patient Registry with additional information from the Danish Knee Arthroplasty Registry. The 1218 revisions involving 1165 patients were subdivided into total revisions, large partial revisions, partial revisions and revisions of unicondylar replacements (UKR revisions). The mean age was 65.0 years (27 to 94) and the median length of hospital stay was four days (interquartile range: 3 to 5), with a 90 days re-admission rate of 9.9%, re-operation rate of 3.5% and mortality rate of 0.2%. The age ranges of 51 to 55 years (p = 0.018), 76 to 80 years (p < 0.001) and ≥ 81 years (p < 0.001) were related to an increased risk of re-admission. The age ranges of 76 to 80 years (p = 0.018) and the large partial revision subgroup (p = 0.073) were related to an increased risk of re-operation. The ages from 76 to 80 years (p < 0.001), age ≥ 81 years (p < 0.001) and surgical time > 120 min (p < 0.001) were related to increased length of hospital stay, whereas the use of a tourniquet (p = 0.008) and surgery in a low volume centre (p = 0.013) were related to shorter length of stay.In conclusion, we found a similar incidence of early post-operative morbidity after aseptic knee revisions as has been reported after primary procedures. This suggests that a length of hospital stay ≤ four days and discharge home at that time is safe following aseptic knee revision surgery in Denmark.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:1649–56.
Significant muscle damage after multiple revision total hip replacements through the direct lateral approach
Authors: von Roth P. , Abdel M. P. , Wauer F. , Winkler T. , Wassilew G. , Diederichs G. , Perka C. 
Published: December 2014

Intact abductors of the hip play a crucial role in preventing limping and are known to be damaged through the direct lateral approach. The extent of trauma to the abductors after revision total hip replacement (THR) is unknown. The aim of this prospective study was to compare the pre- and post-operative status of the gluteus medius muscle after revision THR. We prospectively compared changes in the muscle and limping in 30 patients who were awaiting aseptic revision THR and 15 patients undergoing primary THR. The direct lateral approach as described by Hardinge was used for all patients. MRI scans of the gluteus medius and functional analyses were recorded pre-operatively and six months post-operatively. The overall mean fatty degeneration of the gluteus medius increased from 35.8% (1.1 to 98.8) pre-operatively to 41% (1.5 to 99.8) after multiple revision THRs (p = 0.03). There was a similar pattern after primary THR, but with considerably less muscle damage (p = 0.001), indicating progressive muscle damage. Despite an increased incidence of a positive Trendelenburg sign following revision surgery (p = 0.03) there was no relationship between the cumulative fatty degeneration in the gluteus medius and a positive Trendelenburg sign (p = 0.26). The changes associated with other surgical approaches to the hip warrant investigation. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:1618–22.
The impact of diabetes on the short- to mid-term outcome of total ankle replacement
Authors: Choi W. J. , Lee J. S. , Lee M. , Park J. H. , Lee J. W. 
Published: December 2014

We compared the clinical and radiographic results of total ankle replacement (TAR) performed in non-diabetic and diabetic patients. We identified 173 patients who underwent unilateral TAR between 2004 and 2011 with a minimum of two years’ follow-up. There were 88 male (50.9%) and 85 female (49.1%) patients with a mean age of 66 years (sd 7.9, 43 to 84). There were 43 diabetic patients, including 25 with controlled diabetes and 18 with uncontrolled diabetes, and 130 non-diabetic patients. The clinical data which were analysed included the Ankle Osteoarthritis Scale (AOS) and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores, as well the incidence of peri-operative complications.The mean AOS and AOFAS scores were significantly better in the non-diabetic group (p = 0.018 and p = 0.038, respectively). In all, nine TARs (21%) in the diabetic group had clinical failure at a mean follow-up of five years (24 to 109), which was significantly higher than the rate of failure of 15 (11.6%) in the non-diabetic group (p = 0.004). The uncontrolled diabetic subgroup had a significantly poorer outcome than the non-diabetic group (p = 0.02), and a higher rate of delayed wound healing.The incidence of early-onset osteolysis was higher in the diabetic group than in the non-diabetic group (p = 0.02). These results suggest that diabetes mellitus, especially with poor glycaemic control, negatively affects the short- to mid-term outcome after TAR.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:1674–80.
Evaluation of the Instability Severity Index Score and the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index as predictors of failure following arthroscopic Bankart repair
Authors: Bouliane M. , Saliken D. , Beaupre L. A. , Silveira A. , Saraswat M. K. , Sheps D. M. 
Published: December 2014

In this study we evaluated whether the Instability Severity Index Score (ISIS) and the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI) could detect those patients at risk of failure following arthroscopic Bankart repair. Between April 2008 and June 2010, the ISIS and WOSI were recorded pre-operatively in 110 patients (87 male, 79%) with a mean age of 25.1 years (16 to 61) who underwent this procedure for recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability. A telephone interview was performed two-years post-operatively to determine whether patients had experienced a recurrent dislocation and whether they had returned to pre-injury activity levels. In all, six (5%) patients had an ISIS > 6 points (0 to 9). Of 100 (91%) patients available two years post-operatively, six (6%) had a recurrent dislocation, and 28 (28%) did not return to pre-injury activity. No patient who dislocated had an ISIS > 6 (p = 1.0). There was no difference in the mean pre-operative WOSI in those who had a re-dislocation and those who did not (p = 0.99). The pre-operative WOSI was significantly lower (p = 0.02) in those who did not return to pre-injury activity, whereas the ISIS was not associated with return to pre-injury activity (p = 0.13). In conclusion, neither the pre-operative ISIS nor WOSI predicted recurrent dislocation within two years of arthroscopic Bankart repair. Patients with a lower pre-operative WOSI were less likely to return to pre-injury activity. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014; 96-B:1688–92.
The Dynamic Shear Modulus and Damping Ratio of Clay Nanocomposites
Authors: Kurt Z. Nese , Akbulut Suat 
Published: December 2014

AbstractClay soils are very useful as liners in geotechnical structures such as landfill sites, dams, water channels, etc. Swelling is a common problem in clay liners, however. To better understand swelling properties, in the present study clay nanocomposites were produced by means of the sol gel method, using a hydrophobic clay, polymers (locust bean gum, latex, glycerine, vinyl acrylic copolymer), and rubber powder. The study focused on the swelling and dynamic properties (secant shear modulus and damping ratio) of the clay nanocomposites researched experimentally in laboratory conditions. The dynamic tests were conducted on samples compacted using two different compaction energy levels. The test results were compared with those of natural clay and hydrophobic organo-clay. The test results revealed that the damping ratios and secant shear modulus of clay nanocomposites without rubber (CNC) and with rubber (CNCr) that were compacted with both the E1 and E2 energy levels were increased and decreased, respectively. In addition, with increasing percentage of vinyl acrylic in nanoclay composites, the secant shear modulus values were decreased and damping ratio values were increased. Consequently, the test results found that the swelling and dynamic properties of clay nanocomposites can be optimized in order to attenuate the negative effects of dynamic loads on clay liners.
Peer Interactions and Friendship Opportunities Between Elementary Students With and Without Autism or Developmental Disability
Authors: Rossetti Zachary 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This article describes a qualitative examination of the interactions between 2 students, 1 with autism and 1 with a developmental disability, and their peers without disabilities in 2 inclusive, public school elementary classrooms in the northeastern United States. Data were collected by naturalistic observation, semi-structured observation, and semi-structured interviews. Examining the quality and quantity of interactions, as well as the facilitating effects of educators, the goal was to identify conditions that support the development of friendship opportunities. The findings indicated that inclusive education and having classmates who accepted them were not enough to result in consistent friendship opportunities for the 2 focal students. Findings included (a) the identification of missed opportunities for educator intervention to support friendship opportunities, and (b) the success of several educator strategies to facilitate friendship opportunities. Implications and considerations to improve conditions to support friendship opportunities in inclusive elementary classrooms are shared.
Age of Persons Supported and Factors Predicting Intended Staff Turnover: A Comparative Study
Authors: Laws Carol Britton , Kolomer Stacey R. , Gallagher Megan J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractCommunity-based direct support professionals (DSPs) face a myriad of challenges on the job that are intensified by the complexities of supporting people with disabilities who are aging. The purpose of this study was to compare the variables of job stress/demand, empowerment/control, perceived organizational support, organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and intent to turnover (identified as attitudinal antecedents to attrition), between DSPs who primarily support aging adults with an intellectual disability and those who support younger people. Ninety-seven DSPs completed an online survey. Results indicate that DSPs who support aging adults showed statistically lower empowerment/control than their peers. Data suggest that they are also at comparatively higher risk of attrition. Implications and recommendations for strengthening this workforce are shared.