bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computer‐assisted revision total knee arthroplasty does not improve postoperative knee prosthesis alignment compared to the conventional technique
Authors: Alling Triine E. , Conteh‐Meijer Marrigje F. , Boerboom Alexander L. , Stevens Martin , Reininga Inge H. F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeComputer‐assisted surgery (CAS) during primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) prosthesis alignment. However, literature on its use during revision TKA (rTKA) is scarce. Moreover, the effect of CAS during rTKA on rotational alignment of the prosthesis has not been described yet. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of CAS during rTKA, focusing on the number of outliers and coronal, sagittal and rotational prosthetic alignment compared to conventional rTKA.MethodsA prospective cohort study comparing CAS‐rTKA with a historical control group (CON‐rTKA). The CAS‐rTKA group (54 patients/62 knees) underwent rTKA using imageless CAS between 2012 and 2017. The CON‐rTKA group (13 patients/23 knees) was operated using the conventional technique between 2002 and 2012. Postoperative alignment was measured using the EOS‐2D/3D system (coronal and sagittal planes) and computed tomography scan (rotation).ResultsNo significant differences between the CAS‐rTKA and CON‐rTKA groups were found for coronal and sagittal alignment regarding the mechanical angle of the leg (p = 0.08), mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (p = 0.87), mechanical medial proximal tibial angle (p = 0.40), anatomical proximal posterior tibial angle (p = 0.43) nor femoral (p = 0.80) and tibial rotation (p = 0.15). For the proportions of coronal, sagittal and rotational outliers, no significant differences were found either.ConclusionThis study showed no evidence that use of CAS during rTKA leads to improved coronal, sagittal or rotational alignment of knee prostheses or a difference of outliers between the groups.Level of EvidenceLevel III, therapeutic.
HIV‐1 Nef is carried on the surface of extracellular vesicles
Authors: Vanpouille Christophe , Brichacek Beda , Pushkarsky Tatiana , Dubrovsky Larisa , Fitzgerald Wendy , Mukhamedova Nigora , Garcia‐Hernandez Sofia , Matthies Doreen , Popratiloff Anastas , Sviridov Dmitri , Margolis Leonid , Bukrinsky Michael 
Published: July 2024

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) serve as pivotal mediators of intercellular communication in both health and disease, delivering biologically active molecules from vesicle‐producing cells to recipient cells. In the context of HIV infection, EVs have been shown to carry the viral protein Nef, a key pathogenic factor associated with HIV‐related co‐morbidities. Despite this recognition, the specific localisation of Nef within the vesicles has remained elusive. This study addresses this critical knowledge gap by investigating Nef‐containing EVs. Less than 1% of the total released Nef was associated with EVs; most Nef existed as free protein released by damaged cells. Nevertheless, activity of EV‐associated Nef in downregulating the major cholesterol transporter ABCA1, a critical aspect linked to the pathogenic effects of Nef, was comparable to that of free Nef present in the supernatant. Through a series of biochemical and microscopic assays, we demonstrate that the majority of EV‐associated Nef molecules are localised on the external surface of the vesicles. This distinctive distribution prompts the consideration of Nef‐containing EVs as potential targets for immunotherapeutic interventions aimed at preventing or treating HIV‐associated co‐morbidities. In conclusion, our results shed light on the localisation and functional activity of Nef within EVs, providing valuable insights for the development of targeted immunotherapies to mitigate the impact of HIV‐associated co‐morbidities.
Probing the interaction between the metallo‐β‐lactamase SMB‐1 and ampicillin by multispectral approaches combined with molecular dynamics
Authors: Li Jiachen , Dong Xiaoting , Zhang Yeli 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMetallo‐β‐lactamases (MβLs) hydrolyze and inactivate β‐lactam antibiotics, are a pivotal mechanism conferring resistance against bacterial infections. SMB‐1, a novel B3 subclass of MβLs from Serratia marcescens could deactivate almost all β‐lactam antibiotics including ampicillin (AMP), which has posed a serious threat to public health. To illuminate the mechanism of recognition and interaction between SMB‐1 and AMP, various fluorescence spectroscopy techniques and molecular dynamics simulation were employed. The results of quenching spectroscopy unraveled that AMP could make SMB‐1 fluorescence quenching that mechanism was the static quenching; the synchronous and three‐dimensional fluorescence spectra validated that the microenvironment and conformation of SMB‐1 were altered after interaction with AMP. The molecular dynamics results demonstrated that the whole AMP enters the binding pocket of SMB‐1, even though with a relatively bulky R1 side chain. Loop1 and loop2 in SMB‐1 undergo significant fluctuations, and α2 (71–73) and local α5 (186–188) were turned into random coils, promoting zinc ion exposure consistent with circular dichroism spectroscopy results. The binding between them was driven by a combination of enthalpy and entropy changes, which was dominated by electrostatic force in agreement with the fluorescence observations. The present study brings structural insights and solid foundations for the design of new substrates for β‐lactamases and the development of effective antibiotics that are resistant to superbugs.
Effects of antiseptic irrigation solutions on osseointegration in a cementless tibial implantation mouse model
Authors: Hammad Mohammed , Oktarina Anastasia , Suhardi Vincentius J. , Thomson Andrew , Li Qingdian , Döring Kevin , Augustin Edouard J. , Ivashkiv Lionel B. , Carli Alberto V. , Bostrom Mathias P. G. , Yang Xu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDespite the success of standard antiseptic irrigation solutions in reducing periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) rates, there is still a need for more effective solutions. Synergistic use of povidone‐iodine (PI) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has shown promising results; however, the optimal solution concentration balancing bactericidal activity and osseointegration remains unknown. This study aims to evaluate the impact of these antiseptic irrigation solutions on osseointegration and the bone–implant interface strength in vivo. Forty C57BL/6 mice underwent bilateral tibial implantation surgery and were randomly allocated into three groups receiving 0.3% PI, 10% PI mixed with 3% H2O2, or saline as irrigation solutions intraoperatively. Assessments were performed on postoperative Days 1 and 28, including plain radiographs, microcomputed tomography (microCT) evaluation, histological analysis, immunohistochemistry, and biomechanical pull‐out testing. No wound complications were observed. MicroCT scans revealed no differences in peri‐implant trabecular bone parameters. Biomechanical pull‐out testing showed no differences in the bone–implant interface strength across groups. Histological analysis indicated no differences in bone and bone marrow percentage areas among treatment groups. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated no differences among groups in peri‐implant osteocalcin, osterix, or endomucin‐positive cells. In conclusion, using either antiseptic irrigation solution showed no differences in osseointegration parameters compared to the control group, demonstrating safety and the absence of toxicity.Clinical RelevanceDilute 0.3% povidone‐iodine and a 1:1 combination of 10% povidone‐iodine mixed with 3% hydrogen peroxide can be safely used during primary and revision total joint arthroplasty without compromising osseointegration or causing wound complications.
Assessment of disease severity with magnetic resonance cholangiography in pediatric‐onset primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Vanhanen Enni , Ovissi Ali , Kolho Kaija‐Leena , Tenca Andrea 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesMagnetic resonance cholangiopancreaticography (MRCP) has supplanted endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP) as the preferred imaging modality for primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). However, data about the accuracy of MRCP in assessing disease severity are limited, particularly in children. We assessed the accuracy of MRCP in disease severity evaluation and investigated the correlation between imaging findings and biochemical parameters (including the multivariate risk index SCOPE) in patients with pediatric‐onset PSC.MethodsWe included 36 patients with PSC (median age: 16) who had MRCP and ERCP performed within 4‐month intervals. Two experts, blinded to ERCP findings, evaluated the bile duct changes in consensus using the Modified Amsterdam PSC Score. The agreement between MRCP and ERCP evaluations was tested with weighted kappa statistics and the correlation between disease severity and biochemical parameters with Spearman's rank correlation.ResultsThe agreement between MRCP and ERCP was good for extrahepatic (weighted kappa 0.69; 95% confidence of interval [CI] 0.53–0.84) but fair for intrahepatic (weighted kappa 0.35; 95% CI 0.14–0.56) bile ducts. Intrahepatic and extrahepatic MRCP scores correlated with APRI (ρ = 0.42, p = 0.020 and ρ = 0.39, p = 0.033, respectively), while extrahepatic MRCP score also correlated with biliary neutrophils (ρ = 0.36, p = 0.035). We found a good correlation between the SCOPE index and intrahepatic MRCP score (ρ = 0.53, p = 0.004), and extrahepatic MRCP score (ρ = 0.57, p = 0.001).ConclusionsMRCP is accurate at evaluating the severity of extrahepatic bile duct changes in pediatric‐onset PSC but tends to underestimate intrahepatic changes. The SCOPE index's robust correlation with imaging scores supports its role as a comprehensive diagnostic tool, outperforming individual laboratory metrics.
Impact of microscopic deposits of yolk sac tumor on recurrence of mature sacrococcygeal teratoma
Authors: Johnston William R. , Hwang Rosa , Mattei Peter 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionSacrococcygeal teratomas (SCT) with malignant histology frequently recur and are treated aggressively, but risk factors and surveillance protocols are less established for mature tumors. In particular, prior studies have not investigated whether microscopic deposits of yolk sac tumor (YST) in otherwise mature teratomas lead to higher recurrence rates.MethodsWe reviewed patients with mature SCTs resected at our institution from 2011 to 2021 and analyzed tumor characteristics, treatment, and outcomes.ResultsWe identified 56 patients with mature SCT, of which 9 (16%) demonstrated microscopic YST. Following surgery, 7/56 (13%) patients developed local recurrence at a mean of 1.2 ± 0.7 years, while no patients developed metastases. Recurrence was more likely in patients with microscopic YST [5/9 (56%) vs. 2/47 (4%), p = 0.021] and positive margins [6/24 (35%) vs. 1/32 (3.1%), p = 0.030]. A solid tumor component tended to increase recurrence risk as well [6/29 (21%) vs. 1/27 (4%), p = 0.053]. Five patients demonstrated malignant recurrence and were all detected by a rising alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP), while two patients demonstrated recurrence of mature teratoma and were detected on surveillance magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).ConclusionsMicroscopic foci of YST may increase recurrence risk for patients with mature SCT. Such patients might benefit from closer postoperative surveillance with serial AFP measurements and MRI.
Tipping the scales for global mental health: A summary of the Presidential Panel at the 39th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies
Authors: Sijbrandij Marit , Bass Judith K. , Carswell Kenneth , Hamdani Syed Usman , Karyotaki Eirini 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the past decade, there has been an increasing focus within scientific research on how to assist people affected by the negative consequences of trauma and crises around the globe. As many countries struggle with a lack of resources to deliver mental health interventions, scalable strategies have been developed to help more people in need. These scalable strategies were the theme of the 39th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ISTSS). The presidential panel, chaired by Marit Sijbrandij during her ISTSS presidency, brought together a group of experts in the field of scalable interventions: Kenneth Carswell, Syed Usman Hamdani, Judy Bass, and Eirini Karyotaki. The panel highlighted the current state of the evidence on scalable interventions for adults and children and outlined important next steps for research and implementation. These recommendations include further improving the availability of, and evidence for, scalable interventions through increased training and sustained funding; conducting more studies in underrepresented samples, such as children and adolescents; and promoting open access availability of research findings worldwide. In this paper, we provide an overview of the topics discussed in the panel as well as the key takeaways.
Non‐surgical management of acute proximal hamstring avulsions can produce clinically acceptable results
Authors: Maffulli Nicola , Hassan Rifat , Poku Daryl , Chan Otto , Oliva Francesco 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the mid‐term clinical outcomes for the non‐surgical and surgical management of acute proximal hamstring avulsions.MethodsSixty physically active individuals were offered surgical or non‐surgical management for their proximal hamstring avulsion injuries. Distal retraction was defined as greater than 2 cm. Primary outcome measures were the Victorian Institute of sport assessment‐proximal hamstring tendons (VISA‐H) and functional assessment scale for acute hamstring injuries (FASH). Secondary outcome measures included palpable gap (cm), return to sport (RTS) and the ability to perform Nordic hamstring curls. Outcome variables were adjusted in regression models for gender, age, and treatment.ResultsThirty‐one patients elected to undertake non‐surgical management, and 29 chose surgery with a mean follow‐up of 34.8 ± 8.7 and 34.9 ± 7.0 months, respectively. The mean VISA‐H for the non‐surgical and surgical groups were 87.3 ± 3.4 and 87.9 ± 4.1 (n.s.), respectively. The mean FASH for the non‐surgical group was 89.3 ± 2.4 and 88 ± 3.6 for the surgical group (n.s.). This was consistent after adjusting for confounders.The mean gap for the non‐surgical group was 4.5 ± 1.09 and 4.9 ± 1.19 cm for the surgical group (n.s.). No significant differences were found in the abilities to perform Nordic hamstring curls (n.s.). Both groups achieved comparable RTS rates (n.s.). On average, the non‐surgical group achieved RTS at 5.5 ± 1.2 months post‐injury, whereas the surgical group was at 5.7 ± 0.7 months (n.s.).ConclusionPhysically active individuals with acute proximal hamstring avulsions and distal retraction of the tendon stump can be managed non‐surgically, achieving similar functional levels and RTS compared to patients treated surgically.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
Toward an ecologically realistic experimental system to investigate the multigenerational effects of ocean warming and acidification on benthic invertebrates
Authors: Gazeau Frédéric , Urrutti Pierre , Dousset Alexandre , Brodu Nicolas , Richard Marion , Villeneuve Rémi , Pruvost Éric , Comeau Steeve , Koechlin Hugo , Pernet Fabrice 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHuman activities over the past 150 yr have led to significant carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, causing global warming and ocean acidification. Surface ocean temperature has risen by 0.93°C since 1850, with projections of an additional +1.42°C to 3.47°C by 2080–2099. Ocean acidification, driven by CO2 absorption, has already lowered seawater pH by 0.1 units, affecting calcifying organisms, including shelled mollusks. Long‐term multigenerational studies on mollusk responses to both ocean acidification and warming, under realistic environmental conditions, are scarce. To address this knowledge gap, two mobile experimental units that can be deployed at the vicinity of shellfish farming areas were developed within the framework of the CocoriCO2 project. The experimental systems were designed to manipulate temperature and pH as offsets from ambient conditions. The experimental units have shown their effectiveness in terms of controlling and maintaining pH and temperature to assess the multigenerational effects of ocean warming and acidification on benthic invertebrates. Finally, the developed experimental systems can be modified easily to provide an educated assessment of the impact of other relevant environmental changes such as deoxygenation and changes in salinity.
Hybrid Self‐Repairing Polymer Composites Based on a Mixture of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Self‐Healing
Authors: Liu Zhenyu , Zhong Yuting , Li Shuai , Yu Simin , Zhong Jiang , Yang Yuping , Shen Liang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe development of high‐strength and multiple self‐healing polymer materials remains a major challenge. In this study, a hybrid self‐healable polymer using the combination of intrinsic and extrinsic self‐healing is demonstrated. The epoxy resin microcapsules with dynamic disulfide bonded shells are successfully prepared through an interfacial polymerization method, which are then added into the intrinsically self‐healable epoxy resin substrate also containing disulfide bonds. The unique combination structure enables the polymer composites to exhibit high mechanical strength and excellent multiple self‐healing efficiency. On the one hand, the Young's modulus and tensile strength of the material are enhanced due to the reinforcement effect of the fillers. On the other hand, the extrinsic self‐healing strategy of the microcapsules, which released repair agents, can support the intrinsic repairing substrate to improve the self‐healing ability of the material. More interestingly, the design of the disulfide bond structure of the microcapsule shell contributes to the high self‐healing capability of the material during multiple self‐healing processes.
Histone lactylation facilitates hepatocellular carcinoma progression by upregulating endothelial cell‐specific molecule 1 expression
Authors: Zhao Peng , Qiao Chunzhong , Wang Jiawei , Zhou Ye , Zhang Changhe 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor. Histone lactylation, a novel epigenetic modification, plays a crucial role in various cancers. However, the functional role and underlying mechanism of histone lactylation in HCC progression have not yet been investigated. Histone lactylation levels in HCC tissues and cells were assessed using a densitometric kit and western blot analysis. The role of histone lactylation in cell malignant phenotypes was determined through functional assays in vitro, and a xenograft tumor model was established to verify the function of histone lactylation in vivo. ChIP assay was performed to explore the interaction between histone lactylation and endothelial cell‐specific molecule 1 (ESM1). Additionally, gain‐and‐loss‐of‐function assays were conducted to investigate the regulatory role of ESM1 in HCC pathogenesis. Histone lactylation levels were increased in HCC tissues and cells, and H3K9 lactylation (H3K9la) and H3K56 lactylation (H3K56la) were identified as the histone modification sites. We observed that H3K9la and H3K56la caused abnormal histone lactylation and were associated with poor prognosis. Functionally, histone lactylation was found to promote HCC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in vitro. However, histone lactylation inhibition with 2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose (2‐DG) reduced the malignant phenotypes of HCC cells. In vivo, 2‐DG treatment reduced tumor growth and metastasis in the HCC mouse model. Mechanistically, it was revealed that histone lactylation activated ESM1 transcription in HCC cells. ESM1 was expressed at a high level in HCC and exerted a carcinogenic role. Histone lactylation facilitates cell malignant phenotypes, tumor growth, and metastasis by upregulating ESM1 expression in HCC, which reveals the downstream molecular mechanism of histone lactylation and might provide a novel therapeutic target for HCC therapy.
Different depths of food restriction and high‐fat diet refeeding in mice impact host obesity and metabolic phenotypes with correlative changes in the gut microbiota
Authors: Xu Jiaqi , Xu Huangru , Yang Feiyan , Xie Yawen , Cai Fangfang , Mao Siyu , Lu Min , Zhuang Hongqin , Hua Zi‐Chun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOverweight and obesity affect almost 2 billion adults worldwide, and food restriction (FR) is commonly used to reduce body fat. Whether refeeding (Re) after FR at different ages and to different degrees leads to overweight and its possible mechanisms are uncertain. In this study, adult and young mice were both restricted to 15% and 40% of their casual food intake, and then were fed 60% high‐fat chow (FR15%–Re, FR40%–Re), whereas the control groups(CON) consumed high‐fat or normal food throughout, respectively. The results of the study suggest that mild FR‐heavy feeding may lead to more significant abnormal fat accumulation, liver damage, and increased recruitment of intestinal inflammatory factors and immune cells in mice of different ages and involves multiple types of alterations in the gut microbiota. Further fecal transplantation experiments as well as serum and liver enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay experiments preliminarily suggest that the link between lipid metabolism and inflammatory responses and the gut microbiota may be related to the regulation of the gut and live by Lipopolysaccharides(LPS) and Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptor‐Alpha(PPAR‐α). In addition, our study may also serve as a reference for studying obesity prevention and treatment programs at different ages.
Artificial intelligence enabled smart design and manufacturing of advanced materials: The endless Frontier in AI+ era
Authors: Wang William Yi , Zhang Suyang , Li Gaonan , Lu Jiaqi , Ren Yong , Wang Xinchao , Gao Xingyu , Su Yanjing , Song Haifeng , Li Jinshan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFuture‐oriented Science & Technology (S&T) Strategies trigger the innovative developments of advanced materials, providing an envision to the significant progress of leading‐/cutting‐edge science, engineering, and technologies for the next few decades. Motivated by Made in China 2025 and New Material Power Strategy by 2035, several key viewpoints about automated research workflows for accelerated discovery and smart manufacturing of advanced materials in terms of AI for Science and main respective of big data, database, standards, and ecosystems are discussed. Referring to classical toolkits at various spatial and temporal scales, AI‐based toolkits and AI‐enabled computations for material design are compared, highlighting the dominant role of the AI agent paradigm. Our recent developed ProME platform together with its functions is introduced briefly. A case study of AI agent assistant welding is presented, which is consisted of the large language model, auto‐coding via AI agent, image processing, image mosaic, and machine learning for welding defect detection. Finally, more duties are called to educate the next generation workforce with creative minds and skills. It is believed that the transformation of knowledge‐enabled data‐driven integrated computational material engineering era to AI+ era promotes the transformation of smart design and manufacturing paradigm from “designing the materials” to “designing with materials.”