bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Information Technology in Education – Hopes and Fears
Authors: Łaszczyk Jan 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Modern technologies whose development defines the beginning of the twenty-first century information civilization create entirely new possibilities for organizing and delivering educational processes. Thanks to them an opportunity for education opens up, which is a move away from the narrowly conceived encyclopaedism in education to independent work, revealing activities, and sometimes creativity. The paper will consider the benefits that can be associated with the use of IT in teaching on the one hand understood as a set of devices, on the other as education software packages. At the same time features which entails risks for the organization of teaching and learning processes as well as for themselves educated will be indicated.
Derivation of Closed-Form Design Equations for Idealized Operation of Inverse Class-E Power Amplifiers at Any Duty Ratio
Authors: Wang Yelin , Foo Suan-Kien , He Qibing 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Complementary to the conventional class-E topology, inverse class-E operation has several advantages over the class-E counterpart, such as lower peak switch voltage and smaller circuit inductance, which are attractive to high power RF design and MMIC implementation. This paper derives the closed-form design equations that can be used to synthesize the idealized operation of inverse class-E power amplifiers at any switch duty ratio. Calculation of the key design parameters, such as the maximum switch voltage and circuit components values, is elaborated and compared with the case of conventional class-E operation. Further, the theoretical analysis is confirmed and verified by numerical simulations performed on a 500 mW, 2.4 GHz idealized inverse class-E power amplifier.
Salivary α-Amylase And Chromogranin A In Anxiety-Related Research
Authors: Tananska Valeria T. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Salivary α-amylase (sAA) and chromogranin A (sCgA) are at the forefront of current biochemical research on anxiety. Their use is being driven by the sudden surge of interest in “salivaomics,” a new field in medicine studying saliva’s genetic code, proteome and methabolom. Interestingly, it is not the primary functions of the enzyme and the protein, but the ingenious capture of their secondary ones (maintenance of the acid-alkaline balance and bactericidal / antifungal action) that allows for a swift, precise and pain-free measurement under physical and mental duress. Upon stimulation, sAA and sCgA are almost simultaneously released. Studying them allows a closer look at the autonomic nervous system (ANS) as opposed to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA), which involves a long cascade of complex, hard to measure and interpret bio-chemical reactions.
Clinical And Morphological Improvement Of Lupus Nephritis Treated With Rituximab
Authors: Tsanyan Maria E. , Soloviev Sergey K. , Radenska-Lopovok Stefka G. , Torgashina Anna V. , Nikolaeva Ekaterina V. , Khrennikov Yaroslav B. , Nasonov Evgeniy L. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Aim: TO assess the effects of rituximab (RTM) therapy on clinical and morphologic activity of lupus nephritis (LN).
Material and methods: The study included 45 patients with confirmed diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), unaffected by previously received standard therapy with glucocorticoids (GCs) and cytostatics. The disease activity was assessed using Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI 2K); to assess the LN activity we used the SLICC RA/RE index. Forty-five patients with LN were given puncture renal biopsy prior to prescribing RTM; 16 patients had repeated renal biopsy 1 year and more after beginning the anti-B-cell therapy. LN was graded histologically in accordance with the WHO classification (2003) with indices of activity (AI) and chronicity (CI).
Results: The predominant number of patients had class III - IV of LN. The repeated renal biopsies demonstrated that LN had undergone a transition into a more favourable morphologic class, which was associated, in most of these cases, with a positive therapeutic effect. The follow-up dynamics showed a statistically significant reduction of AI (p=0.006), and no statistically significant changes in the CI (p = 0.14).
Conclusion: The long-term follow-up in the study has showed that repeated courses of anti-B-cell therapy with RTM have a positive effect both on SLE activity and generally on the renal process. The reduction of the morphologic class of LN as assessed in the repeated renal biopsies is a convincing proof for this. Eleven out of 16 patients experienced transition of the morphologic class into a more favourable type, which in most cases was combined with lower AI (p = 0.006). We found no evidence of increase in the CI (p = 0.14).
Protection of Active Distribution Systems with DGs
Authors: Akila Abdelrahman Ahmed , Helal Ahmed , Eldesouki Hussein 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Distribution systems are traditionally designed as radial passive systems fed from a single source.
Protection coordination of such systems has been easily established assuming the system radiality. Insertion of distributed generators (DGs) into distribution systems makes the distribution system to be more active which causes redistribution of fault currents magnitudes and directions. This causes negative impacts on the original protection system coordination, since the distribution system losses its radiality and passiveness. Recently protection coordination in the presence of distributed generation has been paid a great attention. Researchers proposed various solutions to solve the protection coordination problem caused by adding DG into the distribution network. In this paper, the proposed solutions for the protection coordination problem considering the DG insertion will be illustrated, classified, and criticized.
Blood Sampling Seasonality as an Important Preanalytical Factor for Assessment of Vitamin D Status
Authors: Bonelli Patrizia , Buonocore Ruggero , Aloe Rosalia , Lippi Giuseppe 
Published: October 2015

SummaryBackground:The measurement of vitamin D is now commonplace for preventing osteoporosis and restoring an appropriate concentration that would be effective to counteract the occurrence of other human disorders. The aim of this study was to establish whether blood sampling seasonality may influence total vitamin D concentration in a general population of Italian unselected outpatients.Methods:We performed a retrospective search in the laboratory information system of the University Hospital of Parma (Italy, temperate climate), to identify the values of total serum vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D) measured in outpatients aged 18 years and older, who were referred for routine health check-up during the entire year 2014.Results:The study population consisted in 11,150 outpatients (median age 62 years; 8592 women and 2558 men). The concentration of vitamin D was consistently lower in samples collected in Winter than in the other three seasons. The frequency of subjects with vitamin D deficiency was approximately double in samples drawn in Winter and Spring than in Summer and Autumn. In the multivariate analysis, the concentration of total vitamin D was found to be independently associated with sex and season of blood testing, but not with the age of the patients.Conclusions:According to these findings, blood sampling seasonality should be regarded as an important preanalytical factor in vitamin D assessment. It is also reasonable to suggest that the amount of total vitamin D synthesized during the summer should be high enough to maintain the levels > 50 nmol/L throughout the remaining part of the year.
Digital Citizenship in the Afterschool Space: Implications for Education for Sustainable Development
Authors: Howard Patrick 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Education for sustainable development (ESD) challenges traditional curricula and formal schooling in important ways. ESD requires systemic thinking, interdisciplinarity and is strengthened through the contributions of all disciplines. As with any transformative societal and technological shift, new questions arise when educators are required to venture into unchartered waters. Research has led to some interesting findings concerning digital literacies in the K-12 classroom. One finding is that a great deal of digital media learning is happening outside the traditional classroom space and is taking place in the afterschool space (Prensky, 2010). Understanding the nature of learning in the afterschool space and bridging the current divide between formal schooling and the learning happening online is critical to the establishment of core ESD values and skills, namely ethical online communities and the development of respectful, tolerant global digital citizens.
Investigating the Stress Levels of Early Childhood, Primary and Secondary Pre-service Teachers during Teaching Practicum
Authors: Geng Gretchen , Midford Richard , Buckworth Jenny 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
This study investigated stress levels of pre-service teachers (PSTs) across three categories of teaching context: early childhood, primary and secondary. This paper focused on exploring the stressors in the completion of tasks in teaching practicum in the three categories of teaching context and an awareness of and access to support systems. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and an online questionnaire were used to measure the nature and level of stress. Significant results were found in relation to the school climate and the stress levels of PSTs across the three different teaching contexts. These findings have implications in terms of understanding different PSTs’ stress levels across the three teaching contexts and ways they could be supported to reduce their stress level and achieve better study outcomes.
State-of-the-art photodetectors for optoelectronic integration at telecommunication wavelength
Authors: Eng Png Ching , Song Sun , Ping Bai 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPhotodetectors hold a critical position in optoelectronic integrated circuits,
and they convert light into electricity. Over the past decades, high-performance
photodetectors (PDs) have been aggressively pursued to enable high-speed,
large-bandwidth, and low-noise communication applications. Various material
systems have been explored and different structures designed to improve
photodetection capability as well as compatibility with CMOS circuits. In this
paper, we review state-of-theart photodetection technologies in the
telecommunications spectrum based on different material systems, including
traditional semiconductors such as InGaAs, Si, Ge and HgCdTe, as well as
recently developed systems such as low-dimensional materials (e.g. graphene,
carbon nanotube, etc.) and noble metal plasmons. The corresponding material
properties, fundamental mechanisms, fabrication, theoretical modelling and
performance of the typical PDs are presented, including the emerging directions
and perspectives of the PDs for optoelectronic integration applications are
discussed.
Crystal structure of bis(ethyltriphenylphos-phonium) tetrabromidozincate(II), C40H40Br4P2Zn
Authors: Hosten Eric C. , Schalekamp Henk , Betz Richard 
Published: October 2015

AbstractC40H40Br4P2Zn, monoclinic, Cc (no. 9), a = 12.2430(6) Å, b = 21.120(1) Å, c = 16.405(1) Å, β = 111.015(2)°, V = 3959.7 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0443, wRref(F2) = 0.1070, T = 200 K.
Crystal structure of 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-phenyl acetic acid hemihydrate, C9H11O3.50
Authors: Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard 
Published: October 2015

AbstractC9H11O3.50, orthorhombic, Pbcn (no. 60), a = 25.838(2) Å, b = 9.2992(7) Å, c = 7.2476(6) Å, V = 1741.4 Å3, Z = 8, R(F) = 0.0531, wRref(F2) = 0.1362, T = 200 K.
Crystal structure of 1,2-dimethylimidazolium iodide, C5H9IN2
Authors: Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard 
Published: October 2015

AbstractC5H9IN2, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 6.8704(2) Å, b = 8.6118(3) Å, c = 13.5373(5) Å, V = 801.0 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0121, wRref(F2) = 0.0304, T = 200 K.
Grain Composition and Functional Ingredients of Barley Varieties Created in Latvia
Authors: Šterna Vita , Zute Sanita , Jākobsone Ida 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Cereals, including barley, have been recognised as functional foods that provide beneficial effect on the health of the consumer and decrease the risk of various diseases. The aim of investigation was to determine the grain composition of barley varieties and perspective breeding lines bred in Latvia and to evaluate its functional ingredients. The results of analysis showed that protein content among varieties ranged from 106.6-146.8 g·kg-1, total dietary fibre 187.4-208.2 g·kg-1, β-glucans 42.8 g-49.4 g·kg-1, and amount of α-tocopherol 6.03-8.93 mg·kg-1. The sum of essential amino acids in barley grain samples was from 32.90 g·kg-1 to 38.71 g·kg-1. All varieties of hulled and hulless barley grain were found to be sources of protein with high biological value. Comparison of barley varieties bred in Latvia suggests that variety ‘Kornelija’ outperforms others in protein, dietary fibre and micronutrient content.
Application of Hplc-Pda Method Using Two Different Extraction Procedures for the Determination of Alkylresorcinols in Cereals
Authors: Gailāne Natālija , Jākobsone Ida , Bartkevičs Vadims , Tamm Ylle 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Cereals, especially barley, are an important source of vitamins, minerals, dietary fibre and various phytochemicals, such as alkylresorcinols (ARs). Cereal ARs are a group of phenolic lipids located in the outer parts of grain, particularly in rye and wheat, but not found in refined flour or in refined products from cereals. This study focuses on the comparison of different extraction procedures applied for the determination of the content of ARs (C15:0 - C23:0) in grain of Latvian barley genotypes. The content of ARs in 1 rye and 16 barley samples grown with different amounts of fertilier was determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography method with Photodiode Array detection (HPLC-PDA) developed by us. Two different extraction methods were compared: accelerated Soxhlet extraction and 24-hour extraction. Aside from validation of the extraction procedures, validation parameters for the HPLC-PDA based quantitation method were provided. The coefficients of variation for repeatability and intermediate precision were < 9% and < 3%, respectively. The content of ARs determined with the HPLC-PDA method in conjunction with accelerated Soxhlet extraction was up to 1.5 times higher than using 24-hour extraction. AR content varied from 2.11 ± 0.04 to 3.80 ± 0.10 mg·100 g-1 for 24-hour extraction and from 2.66 ± 0.06 to 5.70 ± 0.20 mg·100 g-1 for accelerated Soxhlet extraction, indicating the increased efficiency of this procedure in analysis of ARs.
I. V. Michurin’S Work on Expansion of the Plant Horticulture Assortment and Improvement of Food Quality
Authors: Sokolov Viktor V. , Savel’ev Nikolay I. , Goncharov Nikolay P. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
October 2015 marks the 160th anniversary of the birth of Ivan V. Michurin. As a scientist and plant breeder, he made a significant improvement of many fruit and berry plants, and flowers. He developed methods of plant breeding, especially regarding long-distance hybridisation of fruit plants, and promoted gardening to the north and east of Russia. He introduced some new berry species, such as Actinidia and black chokeberry, and was the first in Russia to use dwarf and semi dwarf stocks of apples. Michurin initiated the mass movement of gardeners and horticulture experimenters in USSR who changed and significantly extended the assortment and areas of fruit and berries cultivation in the country. He not only brought together a representative collection of species and varieties of fruit, berry and flower plants from around the world, but also used them in breeding by hybridization, including interspecific. He created some new artificial interspecific hybrids such as Cerapadus (cherry and bird cherry tree hybrid), and others. Michurin created 132 cultivars. Eleven of them are not only cultivated, but are also included in “The State Register of Protected Plant Breeding of the Russian Federation”.
Sustainable Land Development In An Urban Context
Authors: Kauko Tom , Siniak Nikolai , Źróbek Sabina 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
It can be argued that sustainable urban land development depends on the long-term viability and management success of local economic development. It can be further argued that here, economic sustainability is the key. This would furthermore signify a paradigm change to long-term administrative behavior (via an institutional approach), long-term market behavior (heterodox economics approach), and human behavior in actors’ consumption and location choices (behavioral approach). This article examines two criteria within this discourse: innovativeness and social cohesion. In doing so, it proposes a framework for empirical analysis where it is suggested that western, post-socialist and low developed cases choose different strategies due to their different starting points.
Ways of Human Resource Branding in Czech Agricultural Companies
Authors: Hlavsa Tomáš , Urbancová H. , Richter P. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Current demographic and economic conditions in individual countries lead to a significant increase in competition in the labour market. Every employer from all economic sectors wants to have competent and talented human resources and the fight for such employees becomes still harder. To attract and retain the best employees, it is necessary for the companies to build up a good employer brand that may appeal to talented employees. The article provides a picture of the current situation in employer branding in the agricultural, forestry, and fishing sectors in the Czech Republic and deals with the ways of its improvement. The investigation was conducted by means of a questionnaire survey covering 108 participating companies, and the methods of analysis, synthesis, deduction, and induction. The results have shown that the majority of agricultural companies (75.9%) perceive knowledge continuity management as a trend that contributes to good employer branding. The major benefits arising from the encouragement of employer branding in agricultural companies include acquisition of new talented human resources (57.4%) and retention of key employees (56.4%).
Crop Prices in the Austrian Monarchy (1770–1816): The Role of Crop Failures and Money Inflation
Authors: Blahovec Jiří 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The paper is based on data about local cereal prices in Bohemia recorded in the course of 46 years (1770-1816) by F.J. Vavák, Czech farmer living close to Prague. This information appeared in a series of his memoirs published within 1907-1938 and in 2009. The data analysis shows that annual means of prices of wheat, rye, and barley are relatively well correlated and can be used for illustration of the state monetary situation. A higher variation of the annual mean values was observed only in times of crop failure and was also related to the new harvest. The data obtained for pea differ from the data mentioned above. It was shown that the market prices were influenced mainly by crop failures caused by weather and climate and by the state monetary policies. The money purchasing power was influenced either by objective causes, like crop failures of reversible character, or by subjective changes caused mainly by inflationary monetary policies which in the case of Austria had conduced to a state bankruptcy.
Cytotoxic 24-nor-ursane-type triterpenoids from the twigs of Mostuea hirsuta
Authors: Longue Ekon Jean Pierre , Bissoue Achille Nouga , Fomani Marie , Alfred Toze Flavien Aristide , Waffo Kamdem Alain François , Sewald Norbert , Wansi Jean Duplex 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Two new 24-nor-ursane-type triterpenoids, 2α,3β,19α-trihydroxy-24-norurs-4(23),12-dien-28-oic acid (1) and 3β-acetoxy-2α,19α-dihydroxy-24-norurs-4(23),12-dien-28-oic acid (2), along with 15 known compounds were isolated from the methanol extract of the twigs of Mostuea hirsuta. While 2-hydroxymethylbenzamide (13) was isolated for the first time from the natural source, compounds 3–12 are reported here for the first time from the genus Mostuea. Their structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic analyses including 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometric data as well as comparison with data from the literature. Compounds 1, 2, 4–9 and 13 were tested against bacteria, fungi and plant pathogen oomycetes by the paper disk agar diffusion assay resulting in missing to low activities corresponding with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) > 1 mg mL–1. However, the respective compounds 1, 2, 8, 9 and 13 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activity against the human Caucasian prostate adenocarcinoma cell line PC-3, with IC50 10.6–16.5 μm compared to the standard doxorubicin with IC50 0.9 μm.
Preserved Haptic Shape Processing after Bilateral LOC Lesions
Authors: Snow Jacqueline C. , Goodale Melvyn A. , Culham Jody C. 
Published: October 2015

The visual and haptic perceptual systems are understood to share a common neural representation of object shape. A region thought to be critical for recognizing visual and haptic shape information is the lateral occipital complex (LOC). We investigated whether LOC is essential for haptic shape recognition in humans by studying behavioral responses and brain activation for haptically explored objects in a patient (M.C.) with bilateral lesions of the occipitotemporal cortex, including LOC. Despite severe deficits in recognizing objects using vision, M.C. was able to accurately recognize objects via touch. M.C.'s psychophysical response profile to haptically explored shapes was also indistinguishable from controls. Using fMRI, M.C. showed no object-selective visual or haptic responses in LOC, but her pattern of haptic activation in other brain regions was remarkably similar to healthy controls. Although LOC is routinely active during visual and haptic shape recognition tasks, it is not essential for haptic recognition of object shape.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe lateral occipital complex (LOC) is a brain region regarded to be critical for recognizing object shape, both in vision and in touch. However, causal evidence linking LOC with haptic shape processing is lacking. We studied recognition performance, psychophysical sensitivity, and brain response to touched objects, in a patient (M.C.) with extensive lesions involving LOC bilaterally. Despite being severely impaired in visual shape recognition, M.C. was able to identify objects via touch and she showed normal sensitivity to a haptic shape illusion. M.C.'s brain response to touched objects in areas of undamaged cortex was also very similar to that observed in neurologically healthy controls. These results demonstrate that LOC is not necessary for recognizing objects via touch.