bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bark thickness does not explain the different susceptibility of Australian and New Zealand temperate rain forests to anthropogenic fire
Authors: Lawes Michael J. , Richardson Sarah J. , Clarke Peter J. , Midgley Jeremy J. , McGlone Matt S. , Bellingham Peter J. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAimAnthropogenic fires caused New Zealand's temperate rain forests to decline rapidly from 80% to 50% cover after Polynesian arrival. In contrast, Australian temperate rain forests have remained stable in spite of a longer history of fire and human occupation. We evaluate whether New Zealand's conifer‐dominated forests declined because they lack fire resistance traits. We predicted that New Zealand species should have thinner bark than their Australian counterparts, and slower growing conifers should have relatively thicker bark than angiosperms.LocationTemperate rain forests of south‐eastern Australia, Tasmania and New Zealand.MethodsWe examined the ratio of bark thickness to stem diameter (relative bark thickness) as a standardized index (by tree size) of fire resistance. Nonlinear power models were fitted to examine trends in relative bark thickness between trees from New Zealand and Australia. Bark thickness was also compared between species pairs and congeners and by phylogenetically corrected ANOVA.ResultsAlthough angiosperms and gymnosperms in New Zealand had thin bark in a global context, they had significantly thicker bark than their Australian counterparts. Bark thickened more rapidly for small trees in New Zealand but declined with increasing stem diameter. Allocation to bark thickness was greater for larger stems in Australia. New Zealand gymnosperms had the thickest bark of all species examined.Main conclusionsFire resistance is a complex syndrome comprising functional traits that ensure protection (resistance – bark) from and recovery (resilience – resprouting) after fire. Thin bark in temperate rain forests suggests weak selection by fire on bark traits. However, the stability of Australian temperate forests in a flammable landscape emphasizes the importance of resprouting, especially basal resprouting, to forest persistence after fire. New Zealand forests do not resprout after fire and lack the fire resistance traits required for recovery from repeated anthropogenic fires.
Longitudinal patterns of repetitive behavior in toddlers with autism
Authors: Wolff Jason J. , Botteron Kelly N. , Dager Stephen R. , Elison Jed T. , Estes Annette M. , Gu Hongbin , Hazlett Heather C. , Pandey Juhi , Paterson Sarah J. , Schultz Robert T. , Zwaigenbaum Lonnie , Piven Joseph 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundRecent evidence suggests that restricted and repetitive behaviors may differentiate children who develop autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by late infancy. How these core symptoms manifest early in life, particularly among infants at high risk for the disorder, is not well characterized.MethodsProspective, longitudinal parent‐report data (Repetitive Behavior Scales‐Revised) were collected for 190 high‐risk toddlers and 60 low‐risk controls from 12 to 24 months of age. Forty‐one high‐risk children were classified with ASD at age 2. Profiles of repetitive behavior were compared between groups using generalized estimating equations.ResultsLongitudinal profiles for children diagnosed with ASD differed significantly from high‐ and low‐risk children without the disorder on all measures of repetitive behavior. High‐risk toddlers without ASD were intermediate to low risk and ASD positive counterparts. Toddlers with ASD showed significantly higher rates of repetitive behavior across subtypes at the 12‐month time point. Repetitive behaviors were significantly correlated with adaptive behavior and socialization scores among children with ASD at 24 months of age, but were largely unrelated to measures of general cognitive ability.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that as early as 12 months of age, a broad range of repetitive behaviors are highly elevated in children who go on to develop ASD. While some degree of repetitive behavior is elemental to typical early development, the extent of these behaviors among children who develop ASD appears highly atypical.
Risk‐taking and sensation‐seeking propensity in postinstitutionalized early adolescents
Authors: Loman Michelle M. , Johnson Anna E. , Quevedo Karina , Lafavor Theresa L. , Gunnar Megan R. 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundYouth with histories of institutional/orphanage care are at increased risk for externalizing and internalizing problems during childhood and adolescence. Although these problems have been well described, the related adolescent behaviors of risk‐taking and sensation‐seeking have not yet been explored in this population. This study examined risk‐taking and sensation‐seeking propensity, and associations with conduct problems and depressive symptoms, in early adolescents who were adopted as young children from institutional care.MethodsRisk‐taking and sensation‐seeking propensities of 12‐ and 13‐year‐old postinstitutionalized (PI; n = 54) adolescents were compared with two groups: youth who were internationally adopted early from foster care (PFC; n = 44) and nonadopted youth (NA; n = 58). Participants were recruited to equally represent pre/early‐ and mid/late‐pubertal stages within each group. Participants completed the youth version of the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (Lejuez et al., ) and the Sensation‐Seeking Scale for Children (Russo et al., ). Parents completed clinical ratings of participants' conduct problems and depressive symptoms.ResultsPI adolescents demonstrated lower risk‐taking than PFC and NA peers. Pre/early‐pubertal PI youth showed lower sensation‐seeking, while mid/late‐pubertal PI youth did not differ from other groups. PI adolescents had higher levels of conduct problems but did not differ from the other youth in depressive symptoms. In PI youth only, conduct problems were negatively correlated with risk‐taking and positively correlated with sensation‐seeking, while depressive symptoms were negatively correlated with both risk‐taking and sensation‐seeking.ConclusionsEarly institutional care is associated with less risk‐taking and sensation‐seeking during adolescence. The deprived environment of an institution likely contributes to PI youth having a preference for safe choices, which may only be partially reversed with puberty. Whether this reflects hyporesponsiveness to rewards and how it relates to psychopathology are discussed.
Social perception in children born at very low birthweight and its relationship with social/behavioral outcomes
Authors: Williamson Kathryn E. , Jakobson Lorna S. 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundResearch has shown that children born very prematurely are at substantially elevated risk for social and behavioral difficulties similar to those seen in full‐term children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs).MethodsTo gain insight into core deficits that may underlie these difficulties, in this study, we assessed the social perceptual skills of 8‐ to 11‐year‐old children born at very low birthweight (VLBW) (<1,500 g) and age‐matched, full‐term controls, using the Child and Adolescent Social Perception Measure. We also assessed social and behavioral outcomes with two parent‐report measures used in ASD screening.ResultsChildren in the preterm group had normal range estimated verbal IQ. However, we found that they were impaired in their ability to use nonverbal cues from moving faces and bodies, and situational cues, to correctly identify the emotions of characters depicted in videotaped social interactions. Their performance on this task was related to the number of ‘autistic‐like’ traits they displayed.ConclusionsThis research highlights links between social perceptual deficits and poor social and behavioral outcomes in children born very prematurely. The results also suggest that even those who have escaped major intellectual/language problems are at risk for social and behavioral problems that can be of clinical concern.
Editorial: Illuminating the dark matter of developmental neuropsychiatric genetics – strategic focus for future research in child psychology and psychiatry
Authors: Lesch Klaus‐Peter 
Published: February 2014

AbstractResearch on genetic factors influencing cognitive and behavioural traits or which are central to the aetiology of neuropsychiatric diseases has been complicated by a furtive discrepancy between high heritability estimates and a scarcity of replicable gene‐disorder associations. This ‘missing heritability’ has been either euphemised as the ‘dark matter’ of gene‐trait association or aggravated as the ‘looming crisis in behavioural genetics’. Nevertheless, in recognising the importance of this topic for our understanding of child psychiatric conditions and highlighting its commitment to the field, the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (JCPP) has for the first time appointed an editor with special responsibility for molecular (epi)genetics.
Field response of non‐target beetles to Ips sexdentatus aggregation pheromone and pine volatiles
Authors: Panzavolta T. , Bracalini M. , Bonuomo L. , Croci F. , Tiberi R. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAlthough mass trapping cannot be a definitive control measure, it is one of the few ones available to contain the destruction of millions of cubic metres of conifer forests perpetrated every year worldwide by bark beetles. However, using bark beetle aggregation pheromones during both monitoring and control programs may negatively affect other saproxylic insects. The aim of this study was to describe the response of both Ips sexdentatus and its saproxylic beetle associates, especially predators, to traps baited with a commercial blend of I. sexdentatus aggregation pheromone. Furthermore, the usefulness of adding pine volatiles, such as (−)‐α‐pinene and ethanol, to the pheromone was discussed. The commercial blend proved to be attractive to I. sexdentatus adults, both when used alone and together with pine volatiles. Pheromone attractiveness, however, was lessened by the addition of the volatiles. The pheromone blend proved to be attractive to Thanasimus formicarius, as well as to other predator species. Overall, although during our study, traps baited only with (−)‐α‐pinene and ethanol attracted some predator specimens, I. sexdentatus pheromone traps were more attractive. Our study confirms that calendar differences in flight activity between the bark beetle and its predators are substantial; therefore, they should be taken into account when planning control measures. According to our data, the commercial blend of I. sexdentatus pheromone seems to be the most effective, among the baits used, in catching I. sexdentatus adults, while reducing the impact on T. formicarius.
Deltamethrin resistance in the sea louse Caligus rogercresseyi (Boxhall and Bravo) in Chile: bioassay results and usage data for antiparasitic agents with references to Norwegian conditions
Authors: Helgesen K O , Bravo S , Sevatdal S , Mendoza J , Horsberg T E 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe sea louse Caligus rogercresseyi is a major threat to Chilean salmonid farming. Pyrethroids have been used for anticaligus treatments since 2007, but have shown reduced effect, most likely due to resistance development. Pyrethroid resistance is also a known problem in Lepeophtheirus salmonis in the Northern Hemisphere. This study describes the development of deltamethrin resistance in C. rogercresseyi based on bioassays and usage data for pyrethroids in Chilean aquaculture. These results were compared to bioassays from L. salmonis from Norway and to Norwegian usage data. Available deltamethrin bioassay results from 2007 and 2008, as well as bioassays from Norway, were collected and remodelled. Bioassays were performed on field‐collected sea lice in region X in Chile in 2012 and 2013. Bioassays from 2007 were performed prior to the introduction of pyrethroids to the Chilean market. Both the results from 2008 and 2012 showed an increased resistance. Increased pyrethroid resistance was also indicated by the increased use of pyrethroids in Chilean aquaculture compared with the production of salmonids. A similar trend was seen in the Norwegian usage data. The bioassay results from Chile from 2012 and 2013 also indicated a difference in the susceptibility to deltamethrin between male and female caligus.
Phenotypical and genotypical characterization of Shewanella putrefaciens strains isolated from diseased freshwater fish
Authors: Pękala A , Kozińska A , Paździor E , Głowacka H 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBetween 2007 and 2012, a variety of disease outbreaks most often characterized by skin disorders were observed among different species of freshwater fish in Poland. In most cases, the clinical signs included focally necrotized gills, necrotic skin lesions or ulcers. Internally, haemorrhages, oedematous kidney and abnormal spleen enlargement were generally noted. The disorders were accompanied by increased mortality. Most of the problems concerned cultured common carp Cyprinus carpio L. and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Fish have been examined from a number of these farms, and additionally, the wild and ornamental fish with similar clinical signs of diseases were also tested. Bacteria were isolated consistently from lesions and internal organs. They had characteristic orange‐pigmented colonies which grew in pure culture or constituted 55–95% of total bacterial flora. One hundred and eighteen isolates were collected and biochemically identified as Shewanella putrefaciens group, and this was confirmed by sequencing. Challenge tests confirmed the pathogenicity of these bacteria. This is the first report characterizing and describing S. putrefaciens as a pathogen of different species of freshwater fish in Europe.
Correlation and Regression Analysis of Temperature of Chicken Carcasses in an Industrial Cooling Process
Authors: Belledeli Bernardo D. , Silveira Christian L. , Soares Monica B.A. , Treichel Helen , Mazutti Marcio A. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn this work, correlation analysis was employed in order to determine how the process variables are associated with the temperature of chicken carcasses after the cooling process by immersion. Based on the correlation analysis, a second‐order polynomial model was proposed to predict the temperature of chicken carcasses given the values for the independent variables. The correlation analysis showed to be an important tool to be applied industrially because it enabled the choice of the variables that truly affect the cooling process of chicken carcasses. In addition, the correlation analysis demonstrated that first‐order interaction and quadratic terms of independent variables also affect the process and should be considered in the model. From these findings, a quadratic model capable of explaining about 45% of the variation of cooling process was proposed. This model can be used as a tool for making quick decisions in the industry or for quickly predicting the behavior of the cooling process given some specific conditions.Practical ApplicationsThis work describes a simple and practical procedure for statistical analysis of industrial process data, guiding the development of a quadratic model that can be further used for control and optimization purposes, improving the process quality of chicken carcasses as well as process profitability.
Animal models of sports‐related head injury: bridging the gap between pre‐clinical research and clinical reality
Authors: Angoa‐Pérez Mariana , Kane Michael J. , Briggs Denise I. , Herrera‐Mundo Nieves , Viano David C. , Kuhn Donald M. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractSports‐related head impact and injury has become a very highly contentious public health and medico‐legal issue. Near‐daily news accounts describe the travails of concussed athletes as they struggle with depression, sleep disorders, mood swings, and cognitive problems. Some of these individuals have developed chronic traumatic encephalopathy, a progressive and debilitating neurodegenerative disorder. Animal models have always been an integral part of the study of traumatic brain injury in humans but, historically, they have concentrated on acute, severe brain injuries. This review will describe a small number of new and emerging animal models of sports‐related head injury that have the potential to increase our understanding of how multiple mild head impacts, starting in adolescence, can have serious psychiatric, cognitive and histopathological outcomes much later in life.
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Sports‐related head injury (SRHI) has emerged as a significant public health issue as athletes can develop psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders later in life. Animal models have always been an integral part of the study of human TBI but few existing methods are valid for studying SRHI. In this review, we propose criteria for effective animal models of SRHI. Movement of the head upon impact is judged to be of primary importance in leading to concussion and persistent CNS dysfunction.
Impact of Iron Supplementation on Sexual Dysfunction of Women with Iron Deficiency Anemia in Short Term: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Gulmez Hakan , Akin Yigit , Savas Murat , Gulum Mehmet , Ciftci Halil , Yalcinkaya Soner , Yeni Ercan 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common micronutrient deficiency worldwide. It is an important health problem especially in women of reproductive age. IDA may cause anxiety, which is the major factor for female sexual dysfunction (FSD).

Aim
The aim of the present study was to determine the impact of IDA on FSD in women of reproductive age.

Methods
In total, 207 women were enrolled. Women with IDA who were admitted in an outpatient clinic of family medicine were asked to complete Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), and Quality of Life (QoL) questionnaires. Questionnaires were completed before and after IDA treatments. Blood samples were obtained for measurements of hemoglobin, hematocrit, levels of serum iron, and iron-binding capacity.

Main Outcome Measures
Outcomes of blood samples were used for diagnosing of IDA. BAI, FSFI, and QoL scores were evaluated. Paired samples t-tests and Pearson correlation analyses were used to assess relationship between findings of IDA treatments and other parameters.

Results
The mean age was 33.6 ± 8.4 years. There were statistical significant differences between pre- and posttreatment in terms of hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum iron, and serum iron-binding capacity. BAI scores were decreased and FSFI scores, which were statistically significant, increased after IDA treatments (P &lt; 0.001). However, QoL scores were developed without statistical significance.

Conclusion
There is a risk for anxiety as well as FSD in IDA women of reproductive age. Treatment of IDA can significantly improve sexual functions and QoL in these women population in short term.
Sleep problems: predictor or outcome of media use among emerging adults at university?
Authors: Tavernier Royette , Willoughby Teena 
Published: February 2014

SummaryThe pervasiveness of media use in our society has raised concerns about its potential impact on important lifestyle behaviours, including sleep. Although a number of studies have modelled poor sleep as a negative outcome of media use, a critical assessment of the literature indicates two important gaps: (i) studies have almost exclusively relied on concurrent data, and thus have not been able to assess the direction of effects; and (ii) studies have largely been conducted with children and adolescents. The purpose of the present 3‐year longitudinal study, therefore, was to examine whether both sleep duration and sleep problems would be predictors or outcomes of two forms of media use (i.e. television and online social networking) among a sample of emerging adults. Participants were 942 (71.5% female) university students (M = 19.01 years, SD = 0.90) at Time 1. Survey measures, which were assessed for three consecutive years starting in the first year of university, included demographics, sleep duration, sleep problems, television and online social networking use. Results of a cross‐lagged model indicated that the association between sleep problems and media use was statistically significant: sleep problems predicted longer time spent watching television and on social networking websites, but not vice versa. Contrary to our hypotheses, sleep duration was not associated with media use. Our findings indicate no negative effects of media use on sleep among emerging adults, but instead suggest that emerging adults appear to seek out media as a means of coping with their sleep problems.
ESTIMATION OF AUTOCOVARIANCE MATRICES FOR INFINITE DIMENSIONAL VECTOR LINEAR PROCESS
Authors: Bhattacharjee Monika , Bose Arup 
Published: February 2014

AbstractConsider an infinite dimensional vector linear process. Under suitable assumptions on the parameter space, we provide consistent estimators of the autocovariance matrices. In particular, under causality, this includes the infinite‐dimensional vector autoregressive (IVAR) process. In that case, we obtain consistent estimators for the parameter matrices. An explicit expression for the estimators is obtained for IVAR(1), under a fairly realistic parameter space. We also show that under some mild restrictions, the consistent estimator of the marginal large dimensional variance–covariance matrix has the same convergence rate as that in case of i.i.d. samples.
Engineering a sensitive visual‐tracking reporter system for real‐time monitoring phosphorus deficiency in tobacco
Authors: Li Yiting , Gu Mian , Zhang Xiao , Zhang Jun , Fan Hongmei , Li Panpan , Li Zhaofu , Xu Guohua 
Published: February 2014

SummaryPlant phosphorus (P) diagnosis is widely used for monitoring P status and guiding P fertilizer application in field conditions. The common methods for predicting plant response to P are time‐ and labour‐consuming chemical measurements of the extractable soil P and plant P concentrations. In this study, we successfully generated a visual reporter system in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) to monitor plant P status by expressing of a Purple gene (Pr) isolated from cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var botrytis) driven by the promoter (Pro) of OsPT6, a P‐starvation‐induced rice gene. The leaves of OsPT6pro::Pr (PT6pro::Pr) transgenic tobacco continuously turned into dark purple with the increase of duration and severity of P deficiency, and recovered rapidly to basal green colour upon resupply of P. The expression of several anthocyanin biosynthesis involving genes was strongly activated in the transgenic tobacco in comparison to wild type under P‐deficient condition. Such additive purple colour was not detected by deficiencies of other major‐ and micronutrients or stresses of salt, drought and cold. There was an extremely high correlation between P concentration and anthocyanin accumulation in the transgenic tobacco leaves. Using a hyperspectral sensing technology, P concentration in the leaves of transgenic plants could be predicted by the reflectance spectra at 554 nm wavelength with approximately 0.16 as the threshold value of the P deficiency. Taken together, the colour‐based visual reporter system could be specifically and readily used for monitoring the plant P status by naked eyes and accurately assessed by spectral reflectance.