bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A retrospective study of the use of active suction wound drains in dogs and cats
Authors: Bristow P. C. , Halfacree Z. J. , Baines S. J. 
Published: March 2015

ObjectivesTo report indications for use and complications associated with commonly used closed active suction wound drains in a large number of clinical cases.MethodsRetrospective review of medical case records (from 2004 to 2010) for dogs and cats that had a closed active suction drain placed into a wound. Only the four most common drain types were included: Mini Redovac®, Redovac®, Jackson Pratt® and Wound Evac®.ResultsTwo hundred and fifty‐three drains were placed in 33 cats and 195 dogs. Mini Redovac drains were used most frequently in cats (76 · 5%) and Redovac drains in dogs (54 · 3%). The infection rate for clean surgeries in dogs was 15 · 6% (unattainable in cats). Major complications occurred in four dogs; minor complications occurred in 12 drains in cats (35 · 3%), and in 74 drains in dogs (33 · 8%). There was no statistically significant association between the type of drain and complication rate for either species.Clinical SignificanceAlthough closed active suction drains can be used with low risk of major complications, they lead to a high rate of infection in clean surgeries in dogs. It is recommended that such drains are kept in place for the shortest time possible and that strict asepsis is adhered to both during placement and management.
Severe chronic insomnia is not associated with higher body mass index
Authors: Crönlein Tatjana , Langguth Berthold , Busch Volker , Rupprecht Rainer , Wetter Thomas C. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryShort sleep duration is widely considered to be a risk factor for weight gain, suggesting that patients suffering from sleep disorders are a risk group. Despite some positive preliminary data on patients with organic sleep disorders, empirical evidence for an increased body mass index in patients with insomnia is scarce. Two‐hundred and thirty‐three patients with a confirmed diagnosis of severe and chronic insomnia without co‐morbidity showing objectively impaired sleep quality were compared with respect to their body mass index with control data derived from a representative population survey matched in gender and age. As a result, patients with insomnia showed a lower body mass index (23.8 kg m−2 versus 27.1 kg m−2; P < 0.0005). Our findings suggest that patients with chronic insomnia do not exhibit overweight. These data are a valuable educational tool to calm patients’ fears about the consequences of insomnia, and contribute to the understanding of chronically disturbed sleep and weight regulation.
A Prospective, Randomized, Blinded, Placebo‐Controlled Pilot Study on the Effect of Enterococcus faecium on Clinical Activity and Intestinal Gene Expression in Canine Food‐Responsive Chronic Enteropathy
Authors: Schmitz S. , Glanemann B. , Garden O.A. , Brooks H. , Chang Y.M. , Werling D. , Allenspach K. 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundCanine chronic enteropathies (CE) are believed to be caused by an aberrant immune response towards the intestinal microbiome. Administration of probiotics can alleviate colitis in people. In vitro effects of the probiotic Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 E1707 (EF) previously have been evaluated using canine cells (e.g., whole blood, intestinal biopsies), but data on in vivo efficacy are lacking.Hypothesis/ObjectivesAdministration of EF to dogs with food‐responsive CE will improve clinical outcome and decrease the intestinal inflammatory profile.AnimalsDogs diagnosed with CE were prospectively recruited to receive a hydrolyzed elimination diet plus either a synbiotic product containing EF or placebo for 6 weeks. Both veterinary staff and owners were blinded to the treatment.MethodsClinical severity index (CCECAI), clinicopathological data and gene expression using intestinal biopsies (TLR2/4/5/9, IL‐17A, IL‐22, IL‐23p19, RORC, IL‐2, IL‐12p35, TNFα, IL‐4, IFNy, IL‐10, TGFβ, IL‐1β, IL‐18, NLRP3, casp‐1, TFF1, TFF3 and PPARy) before and after 6 weeks of treatment were analyzed using linear mixed modeling.ResultsOf the 45 cases recruited, 12 finished the clinical trial. Seven received the synbiotic and 5 the placebo product. There was no difference between groups or treatments regarding clinical efficacy, histology scores or expression of any of the investigated genes.Conclusions and clinical importanceStandard dietary treatment induced rapid clinical response in all cases. Because the study was underpowered, it was not possible to determine whether or not EF had an additional effect within the time period of 6 weeks.
Centropages typicus(Crustacea, Copepoda) reacts to volatile compounds produced by planktonic algae
Authors: Maibam Chingoileima , Fink Patrick , Romano Giovanna , Buia Maria Cristina , Butera Emanuela , Zupo Valerio 
Published: March 2015

AbstractVolatile organic compounds (VOCs) may play the role of infochemicals and trigger chemotaxis and ecologically relevant responses in freshwater and marine invertebrates. Aquatic grazers use these signals as chemical cues to trace the presence of their food or to detect their predators. However, detailed data are still needed to fully understand the role of these relationships in marine plankton. We investigated the ability of the copepodCentropages typicusto perceive the odour of three planktonic diatoms (Skeletonema marinoi,Pseudonitzschia delicatissimaandChaetoceros affinis) and a dinoflagellate (Prorocentrum minimum). This information is ecologically relevant for orientation, habitat selection, predator avoidance and communication. In addition, as thepHof the medium influences the perception of chemical cues in aquatic environments, we tested the effect of seawater acidification resulting from increasing levels ofCO2, and its influences on the olfactory reactions of copepods. For this reason, our tests were repeated in normal (pH8.10) and acidified (pH7.76) seawater in order to simulate future ocean acidification scenarios. Using replicated chemokinetic assays we demonstrated thatVOCs produced byPs. delicatissimaandPr. minimumattract copepods at normalpH, but this effect is lowered in acidified water. By contrast, the odour ofS. marinoimainly induces a reaction of repulsion, but in acidified water and at higher concentrations this toxic diatom becomes attractive for copepods. Our experiments demonstrate, for the first time, that copepods are sensitive to the volatile compounds contained in various microalgae; VOCs prompt chemokinesis according to algal species and odour concentrations. However, seawater acidification induces changes in copepods' perception of odours. These findings highlight the sensitivity of chemically mediated interactions to global changes
A new calibration to determine the closure temperatures of Fe‐Mg ordering in augite from nakhlites
Authors: Alvaro M. , Domeneghetti M. C. , Fioretti A. M. , Cámara F. , Marinangeli L. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractRecently it has been shown that the relatively low closure temperature (Tc) of 500 (100)°C calculated for augite from Miller Range nakhlite (MIL 03346,13) using the available geothermometers would correspond to a slow cooling rate inconsistent with the petrologic evidence for an origin from a fast‐cooled lava flow. Moreover, previous annealing experiments combined with HR‐SC‐XRD on an augite crystal from MIL 03346 clearly showed that at 600 °C, the Fe2+‐Mg degree of order remained unchanged, thus suggesting that the actual Tc is close to this temperature. In order to clarify this discrepancy, we undertook an ex situ annealing experimental study at 700, 800, and 900 °C, until the equilibrium in the intracrystalline Fe2+‐Mg exchange is reached, using an augite crystal from Miller Range nakhlite (MIL 03346,13) with a composition of about En36Fs24Wo40. These data allowed us to calculate the following new geothermometer calibration for Martian nakhlites: urn:x-wiley:10869379:media:maps12436:maps12436-math-0001where The application of this new equation to other Martian nakhlites (NWA 988 and Nakhla) suggests that for augite with composition close to that of MIL 03346, the Tc is up to 170 °C higher with respect to the one calculated using the previous available geothermometer equation, thus suggesting a significantly faster cooling in agreement with petrologic evidence.
Inferring the demographic history of Drosophila subobscura from nucleotide variation at regions not affected by chromosomal inversions
Authors: Pratdesaba Roser , Segarra Carmen , Aguadé Montserrat 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDrosophila subobscura presents a rich and complex chromosomal inversion polymorphism. It can thus be considered a model system (i) to study the mechanisms originating inversions and how inversions affect the levels and patterns of variation in the inverted regions and (ii) to study adaptation at both the single‐gene and chromosomal inversion levels. It is therefore important to infer its demographic history as previous information indicated that its nucleotide variation is not at mutation–drift equilibrium. For that purpose, we sequenced 16 noncoding regions distributed across those parts of the J chromosome not affected by inversions in the studied population and possibly either by other selective events. The pattern of variation detected in these 16 regions is similar to that previously reported within different chromosomal arrangements, suggesting that the latter results would, thus, mainly reflect recent demographic events rather than the partial selective sweep imposed by the origin and frequency increase of inversions. Among the simple demographic models considered in our Approximate Bayesian Computation analysis of variation at the 16 regions, the model best supported by the data implies a population size expansion soon after the penultimate glacial period. This model constitutes a better null model, and it is therefore an important resource for subsequent studies aiming among others to uncover selective events across the species genome. Our results also highlight the importance of introducing the possibility of multiple hits in the coalescent simulations with an outgroup.
Polymorphism at the Clock gene predicts phenology of long‐distance migration in birds
Authors: Saino Nicola , Bazzi Gaia , Gatti Emanuele , Caprioli Manuela , Cecere Jacopo G. , Possenti Cristina D. , Galimberti Andrea , Orioli Valerio , Bani Luciano , Rubolini Diego , Gianfranceschi Luca , Spina Fernando 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDissecting phenotypic variance in life history traits into its genetic and environmental components is at the focus of evolutionary studies and of pivotal importance to identify the mechanisms and predict the consequences of human‐driven environmental change. The timing of recurrent life history events (phenology) is under strong selection, but the study of the genes that control potential environmental canalization in phenological traits is at its infancy. Candidate genes for circadian behaviour entrained by photoperiod have been screened as potential controllers of phenological variation of breeding and moult in birds, with inconsistent results. Despite photoperiodic control of migration is well established, no study has reported on migration phenology in relation to polymorphism at candidate genes in birds. We analysed variation in spring migration dates within four trans‐Saharan migratory species (Luscinia megarhynchos; Ficedula hypoleuca; Anthus trivialis; Saxicola rubetra) at a Mediterranean island in relation to Clock and Adcyap1 polymorphism. Individuals with larger number of glutamine residues in the poly‐Q region of Clock gene migrated significantly later in one or, respectively, two species depending on sex and whether the within‐individual mean length or the length of the longer Clock allele was considered. The results hinted at dominance of the longer Clock allele. No significant evidence for migration date to covary with Adcyap1 polymorphism emerged. This is the first evidence that migration phenology is associated with Clock in birds. This finding is important for evolutionary studies of migration and sheds light on the mechanisms that drive bird phenological changes and population trends in response to climate change.
A novel protein, Rsf1/Pxd1, is critical for the single‐strand annealing pathway of double‐strand break repair in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Wang Hanqian , Zhang Zhanlu , Zhang Lan , Zhang Qiuxue , Zhang Liang , Zhao Yangmin , Wang Weibu , Fan Yunliu , Wang Lei 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThe process of single‐strand annealing (SSA) repairs DNA double‐strand breaks that are flanked by direct repeat sequences through the coordinated actions of a series of proteins implicated in recombination, mismatch repair and nucleotide excision repair (NER). Many of the molecular and mechanistic insights gained in SSA repair have principally come from studies in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, there is little molecular understanding of the SSA pathway in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. To further our understanding of this important process, we established a new chromosome‐based SSA assay in fission yeast. Our genetic analyses showed that, although many homologous components participate in SSA repair in these species indicating that some evolutionary conservation, Saw1 and Slx4 are not principal agents in the SSA repair pathway in fission yeast. This is in marked contrast to the function of Saw1 and Slx4 in budding yeast. Additionally, a novel genus‐specific protein, Rsf1/Pxd1, physically interacts with Rad16, Swi10 and Saw1 in vitro and in vivo. We find that Rsf1/Pxd1 is not required for NER and demonstrate that, in fission yeast, Rsf1/Pxd1, but not Saw1, plays a critical role in SSA recombination.
A standard photomap of ovarian nurse cell chromosomes in the European malaria vector Anopheles atroparvus
Authors: ARTEMOV G. N. , SHARAKHOVA M. V. , NAUMENKO A. N. , KARAGODIN D. A. , BARICHEVA E. M. , STEGNIY V. N. , SHARAKHOV I. V. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAnopheles atroparvus (Diptera: Culicidae) is one of the main malaria vectors of the Maculipennis group in Europe. Cytogenetic analysis based on salivary gland chromosomes has been used in taxonomic and population genetic studies of mosquitoes from this group. However, a high‐resolution cytogenetic map that could be used in physical genome mapping in An. atroparvus is still lacking. In the present study, a high‐quality photomap of the polytene chromosomes from ovarian nurse cells of An. atroparvus was developed. Using fluorescent in situ hybridization, 10 genes from the five largest genomic supercontigs on the polytene chromosome were localized and 28% of the genome was anchored to the cytogenetic map. The study established chromosome arm homology between An. atroparvus and the major African malaria vector Anopheles gambiae, suggesting a whole‐arm translocation between autosomes of these two species. The standard photomap constructed for ovarian nurse cell chromosomes of An. atroparvus will be useful for routine physical mapping. This map will assist in the development of a fine‐scale chromosome‐based genome assembly for this species and will also facilitate comparative and evolutionary genomics studies in the genus Anopheles.
Deficient habituation to repeated rectal distensions in irritable bowel syndrome patients with visceral hypersensitivity
Authors: Lowén M. B. O. , Mayer E. , Tillisch K. , Labus J. , Naliboff B. , Lundberg P. , Thorell L.‐H. , Ström M. , Engström M. , Walter S. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients show evidence of altered central processing of visceral signals. One of the proposed alterations in sensory processing is an altered engagement of endogenous pain modulation mechanisms. The aim was to test the hypothesis that IBS patients with (IBS‐S) and without visceral hypersensitivity (IBS‐N) differ in their ability to engage endogenous pain modulation mechanism during habituation to repeated visceral stimuli.MethodsBrain blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) response was measured during repeated rectal distension and its anticipation in 33 IBS patients with and without visceral hypersensitivity and 18 healthy controls (HCs). BOLD response to early and late phase of the distension series was compared within and between groups.Key ResultsWhile BOLD response was similar during the early phase of the experiment, IBS‐S showed greater BOLD response than IBS‐N and HCs during the late phase of the distension series. IBS‐S showed increasing BOLD response both to the anticipation and delivery of low intensity rectal distensions in brain regions including insula, anterior and mid cingulate cortex. IBS‐N showed decreasing BOLD response to repeated rectal distensions in brain regions including insula, prefrontal cortex and amygdala.Conclusions & InferencesThese findings are consistent with compromised ability of IBS‐S to respond to repeated delivery of rectal stimuli, both in terms of sensitization of sensory pathways and habituation of emotional arousal. The fact that both IBS subgroups met Rome criteria, and did not differ in terms of reported symptom severity demonstrates that similar symptom patterns can result from different underlying neurobiological mechanisms.
Integrated plant phenotypic responses to contrasting above‐ and below‐ground resources: key roles of specific leaf area and root mass fraction
Authors: Freschet Grégoire T. , Swart Elferra M. , Cornelissen Johannes H. C. 
Published: March 2015

Summary

Plants adapt phenotypically to different conditions of light and nutrient supply, supposedly in order to achieve colimitation of these resources. Their key variable of adjustment is the ratio of leaf area to root length, which relies on plant biomass allocation and organ morphology.

We recorded phenotypic differences in leaf and root mass fractions (LMF, RMF), specific leaf area (SLA) and specific root length (SRL) of 12 herbaceous species grown in factorial combinations of high/low irradiance and fertilization treatments.

Leaf area and root length ratios, and their components, were influenced by nonadditive effects between light and nutrient supply, and differences in the strength of plant responses were partly explained by Ellenberg's species values representing ecological optima. Changes in allocation were critical in plant responses to nutrient availability, as the RMF contribution to changes in root length was 2.5× that of the SRL. Contrastingly, morphological adjustments (SLA rather than LMF) made up the bulk of plant response to light availability.

Our results suggest largely predictable differences in responses of species and groups of species to environmental change. Nevertheless, they stress the critical need to account for adjustments in below‐ground mass allocation to understand the assembly and responses of communities in changing environments.
Viral pathogen production in a wild grass host driven by host growth and soil nitrogen
Authors: Whitaker Briana K. , Rúa Megan A. , Mitchell Charles E. 
Published: March 2015

Summary

Nutrient limitation is a basic ecological constraint that has received little attention in studies on virus production and disease dynamics. Nutrient availability could directly limit the production of viral nucleic acids and proteins, or alternatively limit host growth and thus indirectly limit metabolic pathways necessary for viral replication.

In order to compare direct and indirect effects of nutrient limitation on virus production within hosts, we manipulated soil nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability in a glasshouse for the wild grass host Bromus hordeaceus and the viral pathogen Barley yellow dwarf virus‐PAV.

We found that soil N additions increased viral concentrations within host tissues, and the effect was mediated by host growth. Specifically, in statistical models evaluating the roles of host biomass production, leaf N and leaf P, viral production depended most strongly on host biomass, rather than the concentration of either nutrient. Furthermore, at low soil N, larger plants supported greater viral concentrations than smaller ones, whereas at high N, smaller plants supported greater viral concentrations.

Our results suggest that enhanced viral productivity under N enrichment is an indirect consequence of nutrient stimulation to host growth rate. Heightened pathogen production in plants has important implications for a world facing increasing rates of nutrient deposition.
Isoprenoids and phenylpropanoids are part of the antioxidant defense orchestrated daily by drought‐stressed Platanus × acerifolia plants during Mediterranean summers
Authors: Tattini Massimiliano , Loreto Francesco , Fini Alessio , Guidi Lucia , Brunetti Cecilia , Velikova Violeta , Gori Antonella , Ferrini Francesco 
Published: March 2015

Summary

The hypothesis was tested that isoprenoids and phenylpropanoids play a prominent role in countering photooxidative stress, following the depletion of antioxidant enzyme activity in plants exposed to severe drought stress under high solar irradiance and high temperatures.

Platanus × acerifolia, a high isoprene‐emitting species, was drought‐stressed during summer (WS) and compared with unstressed controls (WW). Water relations and photosynthetic parameters were measured under mild, moderate, and severe drought stress conditions. Volatile and nonvolatile isoprenoids, antioxidant enzymes, and phenylpropanoids were measured with the same time course, but in four different periods of the day.

Drought severely inhibited photosynthesis, whereas it did not markedly affect the photochemical machinery. Isoprene emission and zeaxanthin concentration were higher in WS than in WW leaves, particularly at mild and moderate stresses, and during the hottest hours of the day. The activities of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase steeply declined during the day, while the activity of guaiacol peroxidase and the concentration of quercetin increased during the day, peaking in the hottest hours in both WW and WS plants.

Our experiment reveals a sequence of antioxidants that were used daily by plants to orchestrate defense against oxidative stress induced by drought and associated high light and high temperature. Secondary metabolites seem valuable complements of antioxidant enzymes to counter oxidative stress during the hottest daily hours.
Predicting risk for childhood asthma by pre‐pregnancy, perinatal, and postnatal factors
Authors: Wen Hui‐Ju , Chiang Tung‐Liang , Lin Shio‐Jean , Guo Yue Leon 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundSymptoms of atopic disease start early in human life. Predicting risk for childhood asthma by early‐life exposure would contribute to disease prevention. A birth cohort study was conducted to investigate early‐life risk factors for childhood asthma and to develop a predictive model for the development of asthma.MethodsNational representative samples of newborn babies were obtained by multistage stratified systematic sampling from the 2005 Taiwan Birth Registry. Information on potential risk factors and children's health was collected by home interview when babies were 6 months old and 5 yr old, respectively. Backward stepwise regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors of childhood asthma for predictive models that were used to calculate the probability of childhood asthma.ResultsA total of 19,192 children completed the study satisfactorily. Physician‐diagnosed asthma was reported in 6.6% of 5‐yr‐old children. Pre‐pregnancy factors (parental atopy and socioeconomic status), perinatal factors (place of residence, exposure to indoor mold and painting/renovations during pregnancy), and postnatal factors (maternal postpartum depression and the presence of atopic dermatitis before 6 months of age) were chosen for the predictive models, and the highest predicted probability of asthma in 5‐yr‐old children was 68.1% in boys and 78.1% in girls; the lowest probability in boys and girls was 4.1% and 3.2%, respectively.ConclusionsThis investigation provides a technique for predicting risk of childhood asthma that can be used to developing a preventive strategy against asthma.