bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biofilm removal by 6% sodium hypochlorite activated by different irrigation techniques
Authors: Ordinola‐Zapata R. , Bramante C. M. , Aprecio R. M. , Handysides R. , Jaramillo D. E. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimTo compare the removal of biofilm utilizing four irrigation techniques on a bovine root canal model.MethodologyFifty dentine specimens (2 × 2 mm) were infected with biofilm. The samples were then adapted to previously created cavities in the bovine model. The root canals were irrigated twice with 2 mL of 6% sodium hypochlorite for 2 min (4 min total). Following initial irrigation, the different treatment modalities were introduced for 60 s (3 × 20 s intervals). The evaluated techniques were needle irrigation, Endoactivator (Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Tulsa, OK, USA), passive ultrasonic irrigation and laser‐activated irrigation (photon‐induced photoacoustic streaming). The controls were irrigated with distilled water and conventional needle irrigation. Subsequently, the dentine samples were separated from the model and analysed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Fifteen operative fields were scanned per block, and SEM pictures were captured. Two calibrated evaluators examined the images and collected data using a four‐degree scale. Nonparametric tests were used to evaluate for statistical significance amongst the groups.ResultsThe group undergoing laser‐activated irrigation using photon‐induced photoacoustic streaming exhibited the most favourable results in the removal of biofilm. Passive ultrasonic irrigation scores were significantly lower than both the Endoactivator and needle irrigation scores. Sonic and needle irrigation were not significantly different. The least favourable results were found in the control group.ConclusionsLaser activation of 6% sodium hypochlorite significantly improved the cleaning of biofilm‐infected dentine followed by passive ultrasonic irrigation.
New Reduced Graphene Oxide/Alumina (RGO/Al2O3) Nanocomposite: Innovative Method of Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Maria Jastrzębska Agnieszka , Roman Olszyna Andrzej , Jureczko Joanna , Kunicki Antoni 
Published: October 2013

A novel method was developed to synthesize reduced graphene oxide/alumina nanocomposite (RGO/Al2O3) by in situ depositing Al2O3 nanoparticles on graphene oxide flakes by a dry sol–gel process. The scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy investigations results showed that Al2O3 nanoparticles (19 ± 5 nm) were homogeneously distributed onto the surface of curly‐shaped RGO flakes acting as a spacer between individual flakes. The high BET‐specific surface area of the analyzed composite (242.4 m2/g) together with very low open porosity indicates that RGO/Al2O3 nanocomposites have a very friable structure and show low tendency to agglomeration.
The impact of textual enhancement on EFL learners' grammatical awareness of future plans and intentions
Authors: Jahan Akhter , Kormos Judit 
Published: October 2013

This experimental study explores the impact of textual enhancement on English language learners' noticing of and grammatical awareness of expressing future plans and intentions. The study was conducted over five weeks with a pre‐test, immediate post‐test and delayed post‐test research design with the participation of 97 tertiary level students in Bangladesh. The results reveal that exposure to textually enhanced input facilitates the development of metalinguistic knowledge of the ‘be going to’ construction, as well as the learners' controlled use of the construction ‘will’ for expressing future plans and intentions. Input enhancement alone, however, was not effective in helping the participants to gain a full understanding of the complexities of form to function mappings with regard to targeted future meanings.Der Einfluss von Textaufbereitungen auf das grammatikalische Bewusstsein von EFL‐Lernern In dieser experimentellen Studie wird untersucht, wie sich Textaufbereitungen für Lerner des Englischen auf das “noticing” und das grammatikalische Bewusstsein beim Ausdruck von zukünftigen Plänen und Handlungen auswirken. Die Studie erstreckte sich über fünf Wochen mit einem Prätest, unmittelbaren Posttest und zeitverzögerten Posttest Design mit 97 Teilnehmern aus dem terziären Bildungsbereich in Bangladesch. Die Studie ergab, dass verbesserter Textinput die Entwicklung von metalinguistischem Wissen über die “be going to”‐Konstruktion erleichtert, ebenso wie die kontrollierte Verwendung der “will”‐Konstruktion durch die Lerner, um Pläne und Intentionen in der Zukunft zu beschreiben. Verbesserter Input erwies sich jedoch nicht als effekiv für das Ziel, den Teilnehmern zu helfen, ein vollständiges Verständnis der Komplexitäten der Form‐Fuktion‐Zuordnung im Bereich der untersuchten Futurbedeutungen zu vermitteln.
The place of debt in establishing identity and self‐worth in transitional life phases: young home leavers and credit
Authors: McNeill Lisa S. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractConsumption behaviour has long been linked to identity and notions of the self, with these concepts becoming ever more relevant in a global culture of consumption where materialistic behaviours and attitudes are seen as determinants of self‐image. Against this landscape of consumption, Generation Y is oft criticized as the ‘want it now’ generation, focused on hedonic acquisition of possessions and brands. This group was born into a society that reinforces the self through having and have been encouraged to consume since childhood. Debt is increasing in the youth market, with most teenagers now having access to credit cards and university graduates entering the workplace with high levels of consumer as well as educational debt. This study examines the consumption behaviour of two sets of young adult consumers: recent home leavers and those who have lived away from home for a longer period of time, examining their experience with debt in a framework of self‐identity. Core themes to emerge from this research are centred on the place of debt in establishing identity and self‐worth in transitional life phases.
Multiple linear leiomyomas of the forehead as the presenting sign of Reed syndrome
Authors: Kakar Rohit , Davis Jeremy C. , Crowe David R. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA 62‐year‐old female presented with a linear arrangement of multiple asymptomatic, discrete, dome‐shaped, smooth, skin‐colored papules and nodules involving the left forehead. Histopathology showed a poorly circumscribed nodule of haphazardly arranged fascicles of smooth muscle cells involving the papillary and superficial reticular dermis. Genetic testing revealed the patient to be heterozygous for the R233H mutation in the fumarate hydratase gene. Clinical, microscopic, and genetic findings were consistent with a diagnosis of Reed syndrome. Reed syndrome is a rare disorder defined by cutaneous and uterine leiomyomas and, uncommonly, renal cell carcinoma.
Optimisation of a quality improver for instant rice and its quality properties
Authors: Huang Meihua , He Guoqing , Chen Shupan , Cui Meilin , Ma Lisha , Liu Yankun 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThree additives were optimised for the sensory characteristics, textural and physicochemical properties of instant rice by using response surface methodology (RSM) and principal component analysis (PCA). Comprehensive evaluation indicated that 0.025% glycerol monolaurate (GML), 0.58% β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) and 0.41% alcohol formed a new quality improver of instant rice. Moreover, several specific quality properties of instant rice were further studied. Compared with freshly cooked rice, instant rice with or without optimised additives owned much lower quality. The microstructure observation and pasting properties by Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA) analysis implied that quality improver could distinctly ameliorate the texture and viscoelastic properties. Simultaneously, the quality improver had no significant effects on the starch digestion. But, it could retard short‐term starch retrogradation of instant rice, namely △Hr value decreasing from 1.511 J g−1 to 1.386 J g−1.
Optimisation of green ultrasonic cell grinder extraction of iridoid glycosides from Corni fructus by response surface methodology
Authors: Xie Xiao‐Yu , Chen Fang‐Fang , Yu Jing , Shi Yan‐Ping 
Published: October 2013

SummaryUltrasonic cell grinder extraction (UCGE), employing water as solvent, was proposed as a sustainable and efficient method for the extraction of two iridoid glycosides (morroniside and loganin) from Corni fructus. Extraction yields were determined by four variables: ratio of solution to solid, extraction power, extraction buffer time and extraction time. Data analysis by response surface methodology showed that best yields, 2.176% ± 0.006% (predicted value of 2.195%) for morroniside and 0.839% ± 0.004% (predicted value of 0.852%) for loganin, were obtained when the values of these four variables were set at 45:1 mL g−1, 1600 w, 2.3 s and 40 min, respectively. The yields of morroniside and loganin using UCGE method were 0.198–0.279% and 0.167–0.181% higher than that of traditional heat reflux extraction method, respectively. Thus, the UCGE method is more productive, economic and environmentally friendly and has great potential to be used widely in natural product chemistry.
Volatile secondary metabolites of Greco (Vitis vinifera L.) must
Authors: Lamorte Simona Antonella , Gambuti Angelita , Genovese Alessandro , Moio Luigi 
Published: October 2013

SummaryGreco grape (Vitis vinifera L.), a typical white variety of Campania region in the South of Italy, was investigated for the first time determining volatile‐free and glycosidically bound secondary metabolites that could be at the base of the aroma profile of DOCG ‘Greco di Tufo’ wines. C18 reversed‐phase isolates of ‘Greco’ musts have been investigated by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. ‘Greco’ must resulted characterised by a content of glycoconjugated terpenoids ranging from 180 to 370 μg L−1. Linalool and geraniol detected in the ‘Greco’ must above their odour thresholds could explain a floral character attributed to the wine. Guaiacol in free fraction, 4‐vinylguaiacol and eugenol in the bound fraction could be at the origin of nutty and spicy notes of the wine. Some observations of this study also show that precursors of floral, spicy and nutty odorants seem to be enhanced by clay soil and good sun exposure.
Headspace solid‐phase micro extraction coupled to comprehensive two‐dimensional with time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry applied to the evaluation of Nebbiolo‐based wine volatile aroma during ageing
Authors: Bordiga Matteo , Piana Gianluca , Coïsson Jean Daniel , Travaglia Fabiano , Arlorio Marco 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThis study presents the application of a headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) method on the analysis of Nebbiolo‐based wine volatiles by comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) and time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (TOF‐MS). The aroma patterns were established for different samples of Nebbiolo‐based wines, aged in oak wood barrels for 18 months at constant temperature. The methodology allowed for the simultaneous analysis of over 130 different volatile compounds detected in the headspace. The odour activity values (OAVs) were assessed to identify potentially important odorants of Nebbiolo‐based wine during ageing. The highest OAVs were obtained for several compounds such as ethyl octanoate, ethyl hexanoate, isoamyl acetate, β‐damascenone, ethyl cinnamate, ethyl 3‐methylbutanate and acetaldehyde. Ethyl butanoate, octanoic acid, ethyl dihydrocinnamate and γ‐nonalactone were also at concentrations higher than their corresponding threshold. Also vanillin, (E)‐whisky lactone, (Z)‐whisky lactone, guaiacol and 4‐ethyl guaiacol seem to be important odorants after oak wood ageing period.
Assessment of normal erythropoiesis by flow cytometry: important considerations for specimen preparation
Authors: Wangen J. R. , Eidenschink Brodersen L. , Stolk T. T. , Wells D. A. , Loken M. R. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryIntroductionThe extension of quantitative flow cytometric studies to the erythroid lineage in patients with suspected myelodysplastic syndrome has prompted a reassessment of cell surface antigen expression during normal erythropoiesis. Erythropoiesis in normal and pathologic bone marrows was studied to determine the expected antigenic relationships of maturing erythroid cells.MethodsA total of 200 bone marrow specimens were evaluated by multidimensional flow cytometry (MDF). Samples were prepared using either NH4Cl lysis or Ficoll density gradient separation.ResultsNormal erythroid development is described as a two‐step process observable with the intensity relationships between CD235a, CD71, CD45, CD105, CD34, CD117, and CD36. The variability of these intensities (CV) was determined. A comparison of processing techniques determined lysis is the optimal analytic technique for the analysis of early‐stage erythroid cells. Nucleic acid staining with DRAQ5 revealed that Ficoll allows for the analysis of reticulocytes and mature erythrocytes otherwise eliminated by lysis.ConclusionThese data demonstrate while lysis alters the light scatter characteristics of erythroid precursors, it did not alter quantitative antigen expression or nucleic acid content. The expected variability in antigen intensities is defined. These studies provide a basis for a comparison of erythroid development between normal individuals and those with erythroid dysplasia associated with myelodysplastic syndromes.
The social dimensions of happiness and life satisfaction ofAustralians: Evidence from theWorldValuesSurvey
Authors: Vinson Tony , Ericson Matthew 
Published: October 2013

Relatively short‐term verbal therapies and other forms of intervention may help people to overcome difficult passages in life, but studies in recent decades have pointed to the salience of social and economic conditions in shaping life satisfaction and happiness. The present study contributes to our knowledge of this field by extending the range of social factors considered, but also, crucially, by the employment of statistical analyses that serve to disentangle the often overlapping variables associated with life satisfaction and happiness. Our results support previous ‘demographic’ findings as well as new results including education, marriage, children, human rights and, particularly in the context ofAustralian society, perceived choice in life. Establishing what the major contributing factors are can assist the formulation of social policy. Moreover, it can alert practitioners to the value of consolidating their work by encouraging service users to utilise community sources that enhance life satisfaction and/or happiness.Key Practitioner Message: ●The informed linking of service users to sources of life satisfaction and happiness can ‘value add’ direct service interventions;●The salience of exercising individual choice to achieving life satisfaction reinforces the importance of the practice principle of self‐determination;●A person's sense of physical wellbeing is a relevant part of social assessment and subsequent planned actions.
Robot‐assisted laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for left clinical stage I non‐seminomatous germ cell testicular cancer: Focus on port placement and surgical technique
Authors: Mir Maria Carmen , Autorino Riccardo , Samarasekera Dinesh , Klink Joseph , Stephenson Andrew J , Kaouk Jihad H 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe aim of our report was to describe the feasibility of robotic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in the contemporary era. We suggest the linear port location and 90° robotic docking as the main key to minimizing instrument clashing and improving the range of surgical accessibility.
Denonvilliers' space expansion by transperineal injection of hydrogel: Implications for focal therapy of prostate cancer
Authors: de Castro Abreu Andre Luis , Ma Yanling , Shoji Sunao , Marien Arnaud , Leslie Scott , Gill Inderbir , Ukimura Osamu 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe developed and assessed a technique of: (i) expanding Denonvilliers' space by hydrogel (polyethylene glycol) during focal cryoabation; and (ii) temperature mapping to ensure protection of the rectal wall. In a fresh cadaver, 20 cc of hydrogel was injected transperineally into Denonvilliers' space under transrectal ultrasound guidance. Successful expansion of Denonvilliers' space was achieved with a range of 9–11 mm thickness covering the entire posterior prostate surface. Two freeze‐thaw cycles were used to expand the iceball reaching the rectal wall as an end‐point. Intraoperative transrectal ultrasound monitoring and temperature mapping in Denonvilliers' space by multiple thermocouples documented real‐time iceball expansion up to 10 mm beyond the prostate, and safety in protecting the rectal wall from thermal injury. The lowest temperatures of the thermocouples with a distance of 0 mm, 5 mm and 10 mm from the prostate were: −35°C, −18°C and 0°C (P < 0.001), respectively. In gross and microscopic examination, the hydrogel mass measured 11 × 40 × 34 mm, which was identical to the intraoperative transrectal ultrasound measurements, there was no infiltration of the hydrogel into the rectal wall or prostate and no injury to the pelvic organs. In conclusion, the expansion of Denonvilliers' space by transperineal injection of hydrogel is feasible and a promising technique to facilitate energy‐based focal therapy of prostate cancer.
Dose adjustment guidelines for medications in patients with renal impairment: how consistent are drug information sources?
Authors: Khanal A. , Castelino R. L. , Peterson G. M. , Jose M. D. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundIt is known that patients with renal disease are often administered inappropriate dosages of drugs. A lack of quantitative data in the available drug information sources and inconsistency in dosing information may augment the problem of dosing error.AimsTo determine the concordance among five drug information sources regarding the dosing recommendations provided for drugs considered problematic in patients with renal impairment and to determine the consistency among the sources regarding the definition of renal impairment and categorisation of chronic kidney disease.MethodsFive standard drug information sources were reviewed for 61 drugs recommended to be used with caution in renal impairment. Information on recommendations for dosage adjustment in renal impairment was extracted and analysed. Further, the definition and classification of renal impairment were recorded. The recommendation for each drug was coded into six different categories and the intersource reliability was calculated.ResultsOnly slight agreement was observed among the sources (Fleiss Kappa: 0.3). Qualitative data were not well defined, and there was a lack of consistency in quantitative values. Some drugs marked as contraindicated in one source were not mentioned as such in others. Also, drugs considered as not requiring dosage adjustment in one source had explicit recommendations in other sources. The definition and classification of renal impairment differed among the five information sources.ConclusionsThere should be an evidence‐based approach to drug dosage adjustment in order to bring uniformity to the recommendations. Regular updating of the content of the drug information sources is also important.
Infants' Perception of Intonation: Is It a Statement or a Question?
Authors: Frota Sonia , Butler Joseph , Vigário Marina 
Published: October 2013

The ability to distinguish phonetic variations in speech that are relevant to meaning is essential for infants' language development. Previous studies into the acquisition of prosodic categories have focused on lexical stress, lexical pitch accent, or lexical tone. However, very little is known about the developmental course of infants' perception of linguistic intonation. In this study, we investigate infants' perception of the correlates of the statement/yes–no question contrast in a language that marks this sentence type distinction only by prosodic means,EuropeanPortuguese (EP). Using a modified version of the visual habituation paradigm,EP‐learning infants at 5–6 and 8–9 months were able to successfully discriminate segmentally varied, single‐prosodic word intonational phrases presented with statement or yes–no question intonation, demonstrating that they are sensitive to the prosodic cues marking this distinction as early as 5 months and maintain this sensitivity throughout the first year. These results suggest the presence of precocious discrimination abilities for intonation across segmental variation, similarly to previous reports for lexical pitch accent, but unlike previous findings for word stress.
Exercise for mental illness: A systematic review of inpatient studies
Authors: Stanton Robert , Happell Brenda 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA substantial body of evidence supports the role of exercise interventions for people with a mental illness. However, much of this literature is conducted using outpatient and community‐based populations. We undertook a systematic review examining the effect of exercise interventions on the health of people hospitalized with depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or anxiety disorders. Eight studies met our inclusion criteria. Several studies show positive health outcomes from short‐term and long‐term interventions for people hospitalized due to depression. Although positive, the evidence for inpatients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or anxiety disorders is substantially less. There is an urgent need to address the paucity of literature in this area, in particular the optimal dose and delivery of exercise for people hospitalized as a result of mental illness. Standardization of reporting exercise programme variables, the assessment of mental illness, and the reporting of adverse events must accompany future studies.
Workplace violence against nurses in emergency departments in Jordan
Authors: ALBashtawy M. 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundHospital violence against healthcare providers, especially nurses, is a significant concern in every healthcare setting in the world.AimTo assess the incidence, characteristics and contributing factors of workplace violence committed against nurses in hospital emergency departments in Jordan.MethodA cross‐sectional study design was carried out from 1 May to 31 July 2011. The study included the 12 provinces of Jordan by randomly choosing one hospital from each province. A convenient sample of 227 nurses met the inclusion criteria. Chi‐square testing and odds ratio were used to analyse the data.FindingsThe total number of participants was 227. More than three‐quarters of the participants (75.8%) were exposed to at least one type of violence. The number of incidents of verbal violence was approximately fivefold that of the number of incidents of physical violence. Among the perpetrators of verbal violence, patients were the primary perpetrators.ConclusionLarge‐scale studies investigating the consequences of violence on nursing satisfaction and the quality and quantity of care administered to the community in the healthcare sector are recommended.