bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gastric remnant cancer: A distinct entity or simply another proximal gastric cancer?
Authors: Tran Thuy B. , Hatzaras Ioannis , Worhunsky David J. , Vitiello Gerardo A. , Squires Malcolm Hart , Jin Linda X. , Spolverato Gaya , Votanopoulos Konstantinos I. , Schmidt Carl , Weber Sharon , Bloomston Mark , Cho Clifford S. , Levine Edward A. , Fields Ryan C. , Pawlik Timothy M. , Maithel Shishir K , Norton Jeffrey A. , Poultsides George A. 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to compare outcomes following resection of gastric remnant (GRC) and conventional gastric cancer.MethodsPatients who underwent resection for gastric cancer in 8 academic institutions from 2000–2012 were evaluated to compare morbidity, mortality, and survival based on history of prior gastrectomy.ResultsOf the 979 patients who underwent gastrectomy with curative‐intent during the 12‐year study period, 55 patients (5.8%) presented with GRC and 924 patients (94.4%) presented with conventional gastric cancer. Patients with GRC were slightly older (median 69 vs. 66 years). GRC was associated with higher rates of complication (56% vs. 41%, P = 0.028), longer operative times (301 vs. 237 min, P < 0.001), higher intraoperative blood loss (300 vs. 200 ml, P = 0.012), and greater need for blood transfusion (43% vs. 23%, P = 0.001). There were no significant differences in 30‐day (3.6% vs. 4%) or 90‐day mortality (9% vs. 8%) between the two groups. Overall survival rates were similar between GRC and conventional gastric cancer (5‐year 20.3% vs. 38.6%, P = 0.446). Multivariate analysis revealed that history of gastrectomy was not predictive of survival while established predictors (older age, advanced T‐stage, nodal involvement, blood transfusion, multivisceral resection, and any complication) were associated with poor survival.ConclusionsDespite higher morbidity, prognosis after resection of gastric remnant cancer is similar to conventional gastric cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015;112:877–882. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Survival of female mallards along the Vermont–Quebec border region
Authors: Longcore Jerry R. , Mcauley Daniel G. , Heisey Dennis M. , Bunck Christine M. , Clugston David A. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTUnderstanding effects of location and timing of harvest seasons on mortality of ducks and geese from hunting is important in forming regulations that sustain viable waterfowl populations throughout their range. During 1990 and 1991 we alternately marked 80 hatching year (HY), female mallards along the Vermont–Quebec border; half with radio‐transmitters and bands and half with only aluminum leg bands. We monitored radio‐marked ducks daily and recorded survival status weekly for 15 weeks from August until December each year. Mallard mortalities began 25 September when the hunting season opened in the Province of Quebec, Canada. Overall survival of mallards at week 10 did not differ between years (0.51 in 1990 vs. 0.43 in 1991) or differ from that of HY American black ducks (0.44 females, 0.42 males) based on proportional hazard analysis in a Bayesian framework. The mortality rates for mallards from hunting (0.47) and causes unrelated to hunting (0.06) were similar between years and to those rates for HY black ducks at that same site. Hunter harvest accounted for most of the mortality recorded during this study and illegal feeding (i.e., baiting) at sites just before and during the hunting season was observed. Females with lower body condition index had greater mortality rates; a 1‐standard‐deviation increase in condition index would reduce mortality hazard by about 29%. Management options that may increase mallard survival in the area include lowering daily bag limit in Quebec and suspending split hunting seasons in Vermont that increase harvest, delaying opening date of hunting in Quebec to allow for increased body condition before hunting season opens, and improving enforcement of baiting restrictions. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Diverse routes to liver regeneration
Authors: Alison Malcolm R , Lin Wey‐Ran 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe liver's ability to regenerate is indisputable; for example, after a two‐thirds partial hepatectomy in rats all residual hepatocytes can divide, questioning the need for a specific stem cell population. On the other hand, there is a potential stem cell compartment in the canals of Hering, giving rise to ductular reactions composed of hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) when the liver's ability to regenerate is hindered by replicative senescence, but the functional relevance of this response has been questioned. Several papers have now clarified regenerative mechanisms operative in the mouse liver, suggesting that the liver is possibly unrivalled in its versatility to replace lost tissue. Under homeostatic conditions a perivenous population of clonogenic hepatocytes operates, whereas during chronic damage a minor population of periportal clonogenic hepatocytes come to the fore, while the ability of HPCs to completely replace the liver parenchyma has now been shown. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of macrolides during pregnancy and the risk of birth defects: a population‐based study
Authors: Bérard Anick , Sheehy Odile , Zhao Jin‐Ping , Nordeng Hedvig 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPurposeMacrolides have been linked to the occurrence of congenital heart defects, but findings are inconsistent. We therefore aimed to estimate the risk of major congenital malformations (MCMs) after fetal exposure to macrolides, focusing on cardiac malformations.MethodsFrom the Quebec Pregnancy Cohort (1998–2008), women exposed to a macrolide or penicillin in the first trimester and unexposed women were studied. There were 135 859 pregnancies included; 914 were exposed to azithromycin, 734 to erythromycin, 686 to clarithromycin, and 9106 to penicillin during the first trimester. Cases of MCMs were identified within the first year of life.ResultsAfter adjusting for potential confounders, azithromycin (RR = 1.19, 95%CI: 0.98, 1.44; 120 exposed cases), erythromycin (RR = 0.96, 95%CI: 0.74, 1.24; 66 exposed cases) and clarithromycin use (RR = 1.12, 95%CI: 0.99, 1.42; 79 exposed cases) during the first trimester of pregnancy were not statistically significantly associated with the risk of MCMs; no associations were observed for cardiac malformations.ConclusionsFirst trimester exposure to any of the macrolides was not associated with an increased risk of overall MCMs or cardiac malformations specifically. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In‐plane and out‐of‐plane defectivity in thin films of lamellar block copolymers
Authors: Mahadevapuram Nikhila , Mitra Indranil , Bozhchenko Alona , Strzalka Joseph , Stein Gila E. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTWe investigate the ordering of poly(styrene‐b‐methyl methacrylate) (PS‐PMMA) lamellar copolymers (periodicityL0 = 46 nm) confined between a free surface and brushed poly(styrene‐r‐methyl methacrylate) silicon substrate. The processing temperature was selected to eliminate wetting layers at the top and bottom interfaces, producing approximately neutral boundaries that stabilize perpendicular domain orientations. The PS‐PMMA film thickness (t = 0.5L0 − 2.5L0) and brush grafting density (Σ = 0.2–0.6 nm−2) were systematically varied to examine their impacts on in‐plane and out‐of‐plane ordering. Samples were characterized with a combination of high‐resolution microscopy, X‐ray reflectivity, and grazing‐incidence small‐angle X‐ray scattering. In‐plane order at the top of the film (quantified through calculation of orientational correlation lengths) improved withtn, where the exponentnincreased from 0.75 to 1 as Σ decreased from 0.6 to 0.2 nm−2. Out‐of‐plane defects such as tilted domains were detected in all films, and the distribution of domain tilt angles was nearly independent oftand Σ. These studies demonstrate that defectivity in perpendicular lamellar phases is three‐dimensional, comprised of in‐plane topological defects and out‐of‐plane domain tilt, with little or no correlation between these two types of disorder. Strong interactions between the block copolymer and underlying substrate may trap both kinds of thermally generated defects. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 339–352
Outdoor efficiency analyses and comparison of on‐grid CdTe and µc‐Si/a‐Si thin‐film PV systems for three years in Ankara – Turkey
Authors: Ozden Talat , Yardım Ugur , Akinoglu Bulent G. , Turan Rasit 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe present paper is mainly a comparison of the performances of two PV systems under outdoor conditions in Ankara. The systems are grid connected and consist of two PV arrays. The types of these PV arrays are CdTe thin film and amorphous silicon/micro‐crystalline‐based (µc‐Si/a‐Si) arrays. They are operated for 3 years; 2012‐2014. Yearly averages of monthly efficiencies of these two systems working under the same ambient conditions are 6.88%, 6.65%, 6.80% and 6.64%, 5.86%, 5.25% for µc‐Si/a‐Si and CdTe, respectively. Using these values, simple calculation results for the degradation rates per year are about 0.39%/year and 6.98%/year, respectively for these two types of systems. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Disease, danger and death: illness and injuries among staff of Monaghan District Asylum (1869–1950)
Authors: Mac Lellan Anne 
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveThe purpose of this paper has been to investigate the vulnerability of staff in an Irish district lunatic asylum (1869–1950) to infection and injury as exemplified by the records of Monaghan District Asylum (renamed Monaghan Mental Hospital in 1924 and St Davnet’s Hospital in 1954). Some comparisons with other Irish district asylums are included.MethodsThe Minutebooks of Monaghan District Asylum, located in St Davnet’s Complex, Monaghan, were sampled in December of each year from 1869 to 1950 with the sampling extended outwards as required. In addition, the reports on the District, Criminal and Lunatic Asylums in Ireland (1869–1921) and the annual reports of the Inspector of Mental Hospitals (1923–2013) were surveyed for comparisons.ConclusionsStaff in Monaghan District Asylum were vulnerable to infection from contagious diseases including typhoid, tuberculosis and Spanish influenza. As with other Irish district asylums, overcrowding was the norm and isolation facilities were either absent or inadequate. The close proximity of staff to patients in an overcrowded and frequently insanitary institution placed them at increased risk of contracting disease. Moreover, staff at all levels, from resident medical superintendent to attendant, were, on occasion, at risk of injury from patients. The Monaghan experience would seem to indicate that any consideration of staff patient relationships within asylums should be nuanced by a consideration of the risks posed to staff due to their occupation.
The jaw apparatus of the Late Cretaceous heteromorph ammonoidPravitoceras
Authors: Tanabe Kazushige , Tsujino Yasuyuki , Okuhira Kosuke , Misaki Akihiro 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWell-preserved upper and lower jaws of the aptychus-type found inside the body chambers of two specimens of the heteromorph ammonoidPravitoceras sigmoidaleYabe, 1902 (Nostoceratidae, Ancyloceratina) are described from the Upper Cretaceous Izumi Group in Southwest Japan. They are similar in overall morphology to those of other nostoceratid and diplomoceratid ammonoids currently known, suggesting the morphological stability of the jaw features among these taxa. The equal size of the upper and lower jaws with beak-like rostral projection suggests that the jaw apparatus of this species might function to bite and cut up prey.
Increased serum levels of serine enantiomers in patients with depression
Authors: Hashimoto Kenji , Yoshida Taisuke , Ishikawa Masatomo , Fujita Yuko , Niitsu Tomihisa , Nakazato Michiko , Watanabe Hiroyuki , Sasaki Tsuyoshi , Shiina Akihiro , Hashimoto Tasuku , Kanahara Nobuhisa , Hasegawa Tadashi , Enohara Masayo , Kimura Atsushi , Iyo Masaomi 
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveGlutamatergic neurotransmission via the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor is integral to the pathophysiology of depression. This study was performed to examine whether amino acids related to NMDA receptor neurotransmission are altered in the serum of patients with depression.MethodWe measured the serum levels of d-serine, l-serine, glycine, glutamate and glutamine in patients with depression (n=70), and age-matched healthy subjects (n=78).ResultsSerum levels of d-serine and l-serine in patients with depression were significantly higher than those of healthy controls (p<0.001). In contrast, serum levels of glycine, glutamate and glutamine did not differ between the two groups. Interestingly, the ratio of l-serine to glycine in patients was significantly higher than that of healthy controls (p<0.001).ConclusionThis study suggests that serine enantiomers may be peripheral biomarkers for depression, and that abnormality in the d-serine-l-serine-glycine cycle plays a role in the pathophysiology of depression.
Oatmeal porridge: impact on microflora-associated characteristics in healthy subjects
Authors: Valeur Jørgen , Puaschitz Nathalie G. , Midtvedt Tore , Berstad Arnold 
Published: October 2015

AbstractOatmeal porridge has been consumed for centuries and has several health benefits. We aimed to investigate the effect of oatmeal porridge on gut microflora functions. A total of ten healthy subjects ingested 60 g oatmeal porridge daily for 1 week. The following microflora-associated characteristics were assessed before and after the intervention: intestinal gas production following lactulose ingestion, faecal excretion of SCFA and faecal levels of urease andβ-galactosidase. In addition, rectal levels of PGE2were measured. Microbial fermentation as evaluated by intestinal gas production and excretion of SCFA did not change significantly following the dietary intervention. However, faecal levels ofβ-galactosidase and urease decreased after eating oatmeal porridge (P=0·049 and 0·031, respectively). Host inflammatory state, as measured by rectal levels of PGE2, also decreased, but the change was not significant (P=0·168). The results suggest that oatmeal porridge has an effect on gut microbial functions and may possess potential prebiotic properties that deserve to be investigated further.
Harvest date does not influence variety ranking in Belgian forage maize variety trials
Authors: SWANCKAERT J. , PANNECOUCQUE J. , VAN WAES J. , DE CAUWER B. , LATRE J. , HAESAERT G. , REHEUL D. 
Published: October 2015

SUMMARYSilage maize variety testing systems usually evaluate new varieties within properly defined maturity groups; within a maturity group, all varieties are harvested on a single harvest date. In a small country like Belgium where growing conditions are similar across the maize growing areas, all tested silage maize varieties, comprising different maturity groups, are harvested on a single date. Under this testing system, only few varieties are harvested at the physiological stage where they theoretically show their optimal performance. In the current research, eight silage maize varieties were monitored from 25 to 40% whole-crop dry matter (DM) content at three locations in Belgium during the period 2007–2009. The optimal harvest date was calculated as the date where whole-crop DM yield, ear DM yield and organic matter digestibility were maximal. The variety rank at the optimal harvest date was compared with the variety rank at any studied single harvest date. Harvest dates where the variety rank was not statistically different to the rank at the optimal harvest date were pooled in a ‘harvest window’. Based on the current data, the harvest window comprised a flexible harvest period of about 14 days. It was therefore concluded that applying a single harvest date is scientifically justified for the ranking of silage maize varieties in Belgium, when the whole-crop DM content is between 28·1 and 40·6% with a maximum difference of 7·2% between all compared varieties.
The epidemiology of traumatic event exposure worldwide: results from the World Mental Health Survey Consortium
Authors: Benjet C. , Bromet E. , Karam E. G. , Kessler R. C. , McLaughlin K. A. , Ruscio A. M. , Shahly V. , Stein D. J. , Petukhova M. , Hill E. , Alonso J. , Atwoli L. , Bunting B. , Bruffaerts R. , Caldas-de-Almeida J. M. , de Girolamo G. , Florescu S. , Gureje O. , Huang Y. , Lepine J. P. , Kawakami N. , Kovess-Masfety Viviane , Medina-Mora M. E. , Navarro-Mateu F. , Piazza M. , Posada-Villa J. , Scott K. M. , Shalev A. , Slade T. , ten Have M. , Torres Y. , Viana M. C. , Zarkov Z. , Koenen K. C. 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundConsiderable research has documented that exposure to traumatic events has negative effects on physical and mental health. Much less research has examined the predictors of traumatic event exposure. Increased understanding of risk factors for exposure to traumatic events could be of considerable value in targeting preventive interventions and anticipating service needs.MethodGeneral population surveys in 24 countries with a combined sample of 68 894 adult respondents across six continents assessed exposure to 29 traumatic event types. Differences in prevalence were examined with cross-tabulations. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to determine whether traumatic event types clustered into interpretable factors. Survival analysis was carried out to examine associations of sociodemographic characteristics and prior traumatic events with subsequent exposure.ResultsOver 70% of respondents reported a traumatic event; 30.5% were exposed to four or more. Five types – witnessing death or serious injury, the unexpected death of a loved one, being mugged, being in a life-threatening automobile accident, and experiencing a life-threatening illness or injury – accounted for over half of all exposures. Exposure varied by country, sociodemographics and history of prior traumatic events. Being married was the most consistent protective factor. Exposure to interpersonal violence had the strongest associations with subsequent traumatic events.ConclusionsGiven the near ubiquity of exposure, limited resources may best be dedicated to those that are more likely to be further exposed such as victims of interpersonal violence. Identifying mechanisms that account for the associations of prior interpersonal violence with subsequent trauma is critical to develop interventions to prevent revictimization.
The incarnation, soul-free: physicalism, kind membership, and the incarnation
Authors: SHARPE KEVIN W. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAnimalists, those who hold that human persons are identical to human animals, seem committed to holding that, in becoming incarnate, the Son of God became a human animal. Unsurprisingly, a number of philosophers have argued that this is impossible. In this article, I consider several objections to an animalist account of the incarnation based on kind membership, viz. objections drawing on kind essentialism, constitution essentialism, and the persistence conditions of animals. After developing each objection in detail, I respond by drawing on my preferred formulation of animalism. My goal in addressing these objections is to take the first steps toward demonstrating the compatibility of animalism and the incarnation.
The potential therapeutic value for bereaved relatives participating in research: An exploratory study
Authors: Germain Alison , Mayland Catriona R. , Jack Barbara A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjective:Conducting research with the bereaved presents an immediate ethical challenge, as they are undoubtedly a vulnerable group, associated with high levels of distress and susceptible to both physical and mental health issues. A comprehensive understanding of the potential therapeutic benefits for bereaved relatives participating in palliative care research is limited, and therefore the ethics of engaging this group remain questionable.Method:This paper describes a secondary analysis of qualitative data collected in the Care of the Dying Evaluation (CODE) project, examining the experiences of patients who died at home. It explores the motivations and potential benefits for bereaved relatives participating in research with reference to the recently developed concepts in bereavement theory. Cognitive interviews were conducted with 15 bereaved relatives and secondary analysis using a content analysis framework was employed to classify the data.Results:The results center around six recurring concepts identified as adaptive in current bereavement theory: an opportunity to share the narrative accounts of the final hours of their relative's life; a search for sense and meaning in loss; an ongoing bond/attachment with the deceased; altruistic motivations; oscillation between loss and restorative orientations; and a sense of resilience. Overall, the participants found that taking part in the research was valuable and that it could be described as offering therapeutic benefits.Significance of results:The need for bereaved relatives to take part in research studies should be encouraged, as they provide an accurate proxy for the patient's experience of end-of-life care while also providing a valuable account of their own perspective as family member and carer. In addition, we highlight the need for ethics committees to be aware of the potential benefits for bereaved relatives participating in research of this kind.
Predicting the effect of rotation design on N, P, K balances on organic farms using the NDICEA model
Authors: Smith Laurence G. , Tarsitano Davide , Topp Cairistiona F. E. , Jones Stephanie K. , Gerrard Catherine L. , Pearce Bruce D. , Williams Adrian G. , Watson Christine A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe dynamic model Nitrogen Dynamics in Crop rotations in Ecological Agriculture (NDICEA) was used to assess the nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) balance of long-term organic cropping trials and typical organic crop rotations on a range of soil types and rainfall zones in the UK. The measurements of soil N taken at each of the organic trial sites were also used to assess the performance of NDICEA. The modeled outputs compared well to recorded soil N levels, with relatively small error margins. NDICEA therefore seems to be a useful tool for UK organic farmers. The modeling of typical organic rotations has shown that positive N balances can be achieved, although negative N balances can occur under high rainfall conditions and on lighter soil types as a result of leaching. The analysis and modeling also showed that some organic cropping systems rely on imported sources of P and K to maintain an adequate balance and large deficits of both nutrients are apparent in stockless systems. Although the K deficits could be addressed through the buffering capacity of minerals, the amount available for crop uptake will depend on the type and amount of minerals present, current cropping and fertilization practices and the climatic environment. A P deficit represents a more fundamental problem for the maintenance of crop yields and the organic sector currently relies on mined sources of P which represents a fundamental conflict with the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements organic principles.