bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transgenerational phenotypic responses to herbicide stress are more rapid than to shade and simulated herbivory in Arabidopsis
Authors: Sharma Gourav , Haak David , Westwood James H. , Askew Shawn , Barney Jacob N. 
Published: July 2024

SUMMARYWeeds in agricultural settings continually adapt to stresses from ecological and anthropogenic sources, in some cases leading to resistant populations. However, consequences of repeated sub‐lethal exposure of these stressors on fitness and stress “memory” over generations remain poorly understood. We measured plant performance over a transgenerational experiment with Arabidopsis thaliana where plants were exposed to sub‐lethal stress induced by the herbicides glyphosate or trifloxysulfuron, stresses from clipping or shading in either one (G1) or four successive generations (G1–G4), and control plants that never received stress. We found that fourth‐generation (G4) plants that had been subjected to three generations of glyphosate or trifloxysulfuron stress produced higher post‐stress biomass, seed weight, and rosette area as compared to that produced by plants that experienced stress only in the first generation (G1). By the same measure, clipping and shade were more influential on floral development time (shade) and seed weight (clipping) but did not show responsive phenotypes for vegetative metrics after multiple generations. Overall, we found that plants exhibited more rapid transgenerational vegetative “stress memory” to herbicides while reproductive plasticity was stressor dependent and similar between clipping/shade and anthropogenic stressors. Our study suggests that maternal plant stress memory aids next‐generation plants to respond and survive better under the same stressors.
A review of renal tubular acidosis
Authors: Kunchur Manju Gauri , Mauch Teri Jo , Parkanzky Max , Rahilly Louisa J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo review the current scientific literature on renal tubular acidosis (RTA) in people and small animals, focusing on diseases in veterinary medicine that result in secondary RTA.Data SourcesScientific reviews and original research publications on people and small animals focusing on RTA.SummaryRTA is characterized by defective renal acid–base regulation that results in normal anion gap hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. Renal acid–base regulation includes the reabsorption and regeneration of bicarbonate in the renal proximal tubule and collecting ducts and the process of ammoniagenesis. RTA occurs as a primary genetic disorder or secondary to disease conditions. Based on pathophysiology, RTA is classified as distal or type 1 RTA, proximal or type 2 RTA, type 3 RTA or carbonic anhydrase II mutation, and type 4 or hyperkalemic RTA. Fanconi syndrome comprises proximal RTA with additional defects in proximal tubular function. Extensive research elucidating the genetic basis of RTA in people exists. RTA is a genetic disorder in the Basenji breed of dogs, where the mutation is known. Secondary RTA in human and veterinary medicine is the sequela of diseases that include immune‐mediated, toxic, and infectious causes. Diagnosis and characterization of RTA include the measurement of urine pH and the evaluation of renal handling of substances that should affect acid or bicarbonate excretion.ConclusionsCommonality exists between human and veterinary medicine among the types of RTA. Many genetic defects causing primary RTA are identified in people, but those in companion animals other than in the Basenji are unknown. Critically ill veterinary patients are often admitted to the ICU for diseases associated with secondary RTA, or they may develop RTA while hospitalized. Recognition and treatment of RTA may reverse tubular dysfunction and promote recovery by correcting metabolic acidosis.
Retrospective evaluation of shock index and mortality in dogs with head trauma (2015–2020): 86 cases
Authors: McConnell Briana M. , Cortes Yonaira , Bailey Dennis 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the relationship between shock index (SI) and mortality in dogs with head trauma (HT). A secondary objective was to compare SI with the animal trauma triage (ATT) score and Modified Glasgow Coma Scale (MCGS) score in HT cases. A tertiary aim was to assess if SI is predictive of survival to discharge or improvement in presenting neurologic signs.DesignRetrospective study from January 2015 to December 2020.SettingTertiary referral level II veterinary trauma center.AnimalsEighty‐six dogs with evidence of HT presenting through emergency for various traumas compared to 60 healthy control dogs.Measurements and Main ResultsSI was calculated using the quotient of heart rate over systolic blood pressure measured on presentation. SI was significantly higher in HT patients than healthy controls (P = 0.0019). SI was not significantly different between traumatic brain injury dogs that died or were euthanized and HT dogs that lived until the time of discharge (P = 0.98). SI was not significantly different between HT dogs that were neurologically normal at the time of discharge and HT dogs that were static or improved but not normal neurologically at the time of discharge (P = 0.84). In HT dogs, SI did not correlate with ATT score (P = 0.16) or MGCS score (P = 0.75). There was no significant difference in SI and length of hospitalization until death or discharge (P = 0.78).ConclusionsSI was significantly higher in HT patients compared to control patients. Interestingly, SI was not correlated with ATT score or MGCS score. The use of SI in HT patients warrants further investigation to assess the efficacy in predicting mortality.
Exploration of the mandative subjunctive in Pakistani English
Authors: Schmidt Karola , Funke Nina 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe study at hand explores the alternation between the mandative subjunctive and its equivalent construction with the modal verb should in Pakistani English. The study enhances understanding of the alternation both by focusing on Pakistani English as a relatively under‐researched postcolonial variety of English and by complementing the traditional syntactic variables that influence the choice of subjunctive with a sociolinguistic dimension in the form of the language user's gender. Using data from the SAVE and SAVE2020 corpora, we investigate the following research questions: What factors influence the mandative subjunctive/should alternation, is gender a significant influence on the choice and has the subjunctive choice changed over time? A multifactorial model was fitted on the 504 extracted data points with the following predictors: gender, lexical diversity, linking word, negation, newspaper, primer, range, readability, subject number, subject person, time, trigger lemma, voice and word count. The results show an effect of gender and time in interaction with several other variables. The interactions show significant diachronic adjustments to the constructional preferences of the individual subjunctive triggers and reveals that across these triggers, women are generally more likely to pick the subjunctive over its modal alternant than men.
Placenta‐derived mesenchymal stem cells promote diabetic wound healing via exosomal protein interaction networks
Authors: Peng Cheng , Xu Hongbo , Zhuang Quan , Liu Jinya , Ding Yinhe , Tang Qiyu , Wang Zheng , Yao Kai 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThere is a lack of effective treatment options for diabetic refractory wounds, which presents a critical clinical issue that needs to be addressed urgently. Our research has demonstrated that human placenta‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (plaMSCs) facilitate the migration and proliferation of HaCat cells, thereby enhancing diabetic wound healing primarily via the exosomes derived from plaMSCs (plaMSCs‐Ex). Using label‐free proteomics, plaMSCs and their exosomes were analysed for proteome taxonomic content in order to explore the underlying effective components mechanism of plaMSCs‐Ex in diabetic wound healing. Differentially expressed proteins enriched in plaMSCs‐Ex were identified and underwent bioinformatics analysis including GO annotation, KEGG pathway enrichment, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and protein–protein interaction analysis (PPI). Results showed that the proteins enriched in plaMSCs‐Ex are significantly involved in extracellular matrix organisation, epithelium morphogenesis, cell growth, adhesion, proliferation and angiogenesis. PPI analysis filtered 2 wound healing‐related clusters characterised by hub proteins such as POSTN, FN1, SPARC, TIMP1, SERPINE1, LRP1 and multiple collagens. In brief, the exosomal proteins derived from plaMSCs reveal diverse functions of regeneration and tissue remodelling based on proteomics analysis and potentially play a role in diabetic wound healing.
Wound Healing Society 2023 update on guidelines for arterial ulcers
Authors: Federman Daniel G. , Dardik Alan , Shapshak Dag , Ueno Cristiane M. , Masterson Loren , Hopf Harriet W. , Abdullah Newaj , Junkins Scott , Mostow Eliot N. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Wound Healing Society guidelines for the treatment of arterial insufficiency ulcers were originally published in 2006, with the last update in 2014. These guidelines provided recommendations, along with their respective levels of evidence, on seven categories: diagnosis, surgery, infection control, wound bed preparation, dressings, adjuvant therapy and long‐term maintenance. Over the last 9 years, additional literature regarding these aspects of arterial ulcer management has been published. An advisory panel comprised of academicians, clinicians and researchers was chosen to update the 2014 guidelines. Members included vascular surgeons, internists, plastic surgeons, anaesthesiologists, emergency medicine physicians and dermatologists, all with expertise in wound healing. The goal of this article is to evaluate relevant new findings upon which an updated version of the guidelines will be based.
Applying projective functors to arbitrary holonomic simple modules
Authors: Mackaay Marco , Mazorchuk Volodymyr , Miemietz Vanessa 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe prove that applying a projective functor to a holonomic simple module over a semisimple finite‐dimensional complex Lie algebra produces a module that has an essential semisimple submodule of finite length. This implies that holonomic simple supermodules over certain Lie superalgebras are quotients of modules that are induced from simple modules over the even part. We also provide some further insight into the structure of Lie algebra modules that are obtained by applying projective functors to simple modules.
Electrochemical Additive Manufacturing-Based Design of a Heat Sink for Single-Phase Natural Convection Immersion Cooling Application
Authors: Lamotte-Dawaghreh Jacob , Herring Joseph , Pundla Sai Abhideep , Suthar Rohit , Nair Vivek , Bansode Pratik , Gupta Gautam , Agonafer Dereje , Madril Joseph , Ouradnik Tim , Matthews Michael , Winfield Ian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
To fulfill the increasing data processing demands within modern data centers, a corresponding increase in server performance is necessary. This leads to subsequent increases in power consumption and heat generation in the servers due to high-performance processing units. Currently, air cooling is the most widely used thermal management technique in data centers, but it has started to reach its limitations in cooling of high-power density packaging. Therefore, industries utilizing data centers are looking to single-phase immersion cooling to reduce the operational and cooling costs by enhancing the thermal management of servers. In this study, heat sinks with triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) lattice structures were designed for application in single-phase immersion cooling of data center servers. These designs are made possible by electrochemical additive manufacturing (AM) technology due to their complex topologies. The electrochemical additive manufacturing process allows for generation of complex heat sink geometries not possible using traditional manufacturing processes. Geometric complexities including amorphous and porous structures with high surface area to volume ratio enable electrochemical additive manufacturing heat sinks to have superior heat transfer properties. Our objective is to compare various heat sink geometries by minimizing max case temperature in a single-phase immersion cooling setup for a natural convection setup. Computational fluid dynamics in ansysfluent is utilized to compare the electrochemical additive manufacturing heat sink designs. The additively manufactured heat sink designs are evaluated by comparing their thermal performance under natural convection conditions. This study presents a novel approach to heat sink design and bolsters the capability of electrochemical additive manufacturing-produced heat sinks.
Virtual Testbed for Economical and Reliability Analysis of Battery Thermal Management Control Strategies
Authors: Olyaei Mostafa , Singh Sagar , Jiang Kaiying , Gurumukhi Yashraj , Goodson Kenneth , Asheghi Mehdi , Miljkovic Nenad 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A virtual testbed simulation framework is created for the economic, reliability, and lifetime analysis of battery thermal management control strategies in electric vehicles (EVs). The system-level model is created in the MATLAB environment using the Simscape library and custom components are developed as required. A lumped parameter coupled electrothermal model with temperature and state of charge (SOC)-dependent cell parameters is adopted from the literature to characterize battery performance. Suitable cell capacity degradation models are implemented to capture the cycle aging and calendar aging of the battery. The economic benefit of extending the lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery lifetime by optimal thermal conditioning is weighed against the corresponding energy cost of the operation allowing for the assessment and adoption of economy-conscious strategies under different conditions. Active cooling of the battery using a vapor compression system along with a preconditioning strategy is benchmarked against passive cooling by a radiator for operating cost, battery lifetime, and net cost savings. Active cooling with precooling before fast charging can maintain optimal battery temperature but requires an additional electricity cost of 170–530 $/year, compared to passive cooling. However, the added cost is more than compensated for by the increase in battery lifetime by 1.4–1.9 years leading to a net saving of 140–550 $/year.
Uncovering Pattern-Transformable Soft Granular Crystals Induced by Microscopic Instability
Authors: Jain Nidhish , Shim Jongmin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Upon compression, some soft granular crystals undergo pattern transformation. Recent studies have unveiled that the underlying mechanism of this transformation is closely tied to microscopic instability, resulting in symmetry breaking. This intriguing phenomenon gives rise to unconventional mechanical properties in the granular crystals, paving the way for potential metamaterial application. However, no consistent approach has been reported for studying other unexplored transformable granular crystals. In this study, we present a systematic approach to identify a new set of pattern-transformable diatomic granular crystals induced by microscopic instability. After identifying the kinematic constraints for diatomic soft granular crystals, we have generated a list of feasible particle arrangements for instability-induced pattern transformation under compression. Instead of computationally intensive finite element models (FEMs) with continuum elements, we adopt a simplified mass-spring model derived from granular contact networks to efficiently evaluate these feasible particle arrangements for pattern transformation. Our numerical analysis encompasses quasi-static analysis and microscopic/macroscopic instability analyses within the framework of linear perturbation. Subsequently, the pattern transformation of the identified particle arrangements is confirmed through quasi-static analyses employing detailed finite element (FE) simulations with continuum elements. Additional numerical simulations with continuum elements reveal that the pattern transformations of particle arrangements are significantly influenced by the initial void volume and some transformed granular crystals may exhibit strong low-frequency directional phononic band-gaps, which were not observed in the initial granular crystals.
Frictional Slippage of Annular Elastomeric Disks Compressed Between Rigid Platens
Authors: Plaut Raymond H. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Compression of compressible, linearly elastic, annular disks by flat rigid platens is analyzed. Coulomb (Amonton) friction is assumed to act at the interfaces between the disk and the platens. Slip may occur in an outer annular region while the inner annular (bonded, stick) region of the disk does not slip. The critical radius (slip boundary) is of major interest. The governing equilibrium equations in terms of the deflections are satisfied exactly. Approximations are made in some of the boundary conditions and the transition (matching) conditions at the critical radius. Numerical results are presented for nearly incompressible disks. The effects of the radius ratio, aspect ratio, and Poisson's ratio of the disk, and of the coefficient of friction at the platens, on the critical radius, effective compression modulus, stresses, and radial deflection are investigated. Applications include structural (especially bridge) bearings, seismic-isolation devices, mounting blocks and bushings, gaskets, and sealing components.
Incidence of drug-resistant pathogens in community-acquired pneumonia at a safety net hospital
Authors: Ding Helen , Mang Norman S. , Loomis Jordan , Ortwine Jessica K. , Wei Wenjing , O’Connell Ellen J. , Shah Nainesh J. , Prokesch Bonnie C. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

The 2019 Infectious Diseases Society of America guideline for the management of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) emphasizes the need for clinician to understand local epidemiological data to guide selection of appropriate treatment. Currently, the local distribution of causative pathogens and their associated resistance patterns in CAP is unknown. A retrospective observational study was performed of patients admitted to an 870-bed safety net hospital between March 2016 and March 2021 who received a diagnosis of CAP or healthcare-associated pneumonia within the first 48 hours of admission. The primary outcome was the incidence of CAP caused by methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) or
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(PsA) as determined by comparing the number of satisfactory sputum cultures or blood cultures with these drug-resistant organisms to the total number of reviewed patients. Secondary outcomes studied included risk factors associated with CAP caused by drug-resistant organisms, utilization of broad-spectrum antibiotics, appropriate antibiotic de-escalation within 72 hours, and treatment duration. In this 220-patient cohort, MRSA or PsA was isolated from three sputum cultures and no blood cultures. The local incidence of drug-resistant pathogens among the analyzed sample of CAP patients was 1.4% (
n
= 3/220). The overall incidence of CAP caused by MRSA or PsA among admitted patients is low at our safety-net county hospital. Future research is needed to identify local risk factors associated with the development of CAP caused by drug-resistant pathogens.

IMPORTANCE

This study investigates the incidence of drug-resistant pathogens including methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
among community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients at a safety net hospital. Understanding local bacteria resistance patterns when treating CAP is essential and supported by evidence-based guidelines. Our findings empower other clinicians to investigate resistance patterns at their own institutions and identify methods to improve antibiotic use. This has the potential to reduce the unnecessary use of broad-spectrum antibiotic agents and combat the development of antibiotic resistance.
Pangenome evaluation of gene essentiality in
Streptococcus pyogenes
Authors: Jespersen Magnus G. , Hayes Andrew J. , Tong Steven Y. C. , Davies Mark R. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Bacterial species often consist of strains with variable gene content, collectively referred to as the pangenome. Variations in the genetic makeup of strains can alter bacterial physiology and fitness. To define biologically relevant genes of a genome, genome-wide transposon mutant libraries have been used to identify genes essential for survival or virulence in a given strain. Such phenotypic studies have been conducted in four different genotypes of the human pathogen
Streptococcus pyogenes
, yet challenges exist in comparing results across studies conducted in different genetic backgrounds and conditions. To advance genotype to phenotype inferences across different
S. pyogenes
strains, we built a pangenome database of 249
S
.
pyogenes
reference genomes. We systematically re-analyzed publicly available transposon sequencing datasets from
S. pyogenes
using a transposon sequencing-specific analysis pipeline, Transit. Across four genetic backgrounds and nine phenotypic conditions, 355 genes were essential for survival, corresponding to ~24% of the core genome. Clusters of Orthologous Genes (COG) categories related to coenzyme and lipid transport and growth functions were overrepresented as essential. Finally, essential operons across
S. pyogenes
genotypes were defined, with an increased number of essential operons detected under
in vivo
conditions. This study provides an extendible database to which new studies can be added, and a searchable html-based resource to direct future investigations into
S. pyogenes
biology.

IMPORTANCE

Streptococcus pyogenes
is a human-adapted pathogen occupying restricted ecological niches. Understanding the essentiality of genes across different strains and experimental conditions is important to direct research questions and efforts to prevent the large burden of disease caused by
S. pyogenes
. To this end we systematically reanalyzed transposon sequencing studies in
S. pyogenes
using transposon sequencing-specific methods, integrating them into an extendible meta-analysis framework. This provides a repository of gene essentiality in
S. pyogenes
which was used to highlight specific genes of interest and for the community to guide future phenotypic studies.
3-D model reveals thermal decomposition as a potential driver of seismicity in the Apennines, Italy
Authors: Gunatilake Thanushika , Miller Stephen A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Earthquakes in the Central Apennines of Italy generate extensive aftershock sequences, with high-pressure CO2 often implicated as an important contributor to seismogenesis. Fluid pressure diffusion (through porous media) of mantle-derived high-pressure CO2 trapped in reservoirs is assumed to drive these sequences, yet seismic evidence of diffusion fronts remains elusive. We show here that co-seismic thermal decomposition also imposes numerous additional and isolated high fluid pressure sources that diffuse to drive the aftershock sequences. Numerical simulations mimic the generation of thermally decomposed fluids and reproduce the 2009 L’Aquila Mw 6.3 and the 2016 Amatrice-Visso-Norcia Mw 6.5 earthquake sequences. We identify hydraulic barriers and a minimum magnitude (Mw &gt; 4) for thermal decomposition, which generate significant aftershock sequences in carbonates. The implications of thermal decomposition in seismogenesis are far-reaching and can be applied to any system, such as within subduction zones.