bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prescription Drug Abuse as a Public Health Problem in Ohio: A Case Report
Authors: Winstanley Erin L. , Gay Joe , Roberts Lisa , Moseley Judi , Hall Orman , Christine Beeghly B. , Winhusen Theresa , Somoza Eugene 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPrescription drug overdose is the leading cause of injury death in Ohio, as well as in 16 other states. Responding to the prescription drug epidemic is particularly challenging given the fragmentation of the health care system and that the consequences of addiction span across systems that have not historically collaborated. This case study reports on how Ohio is responding to the prescription drug epidemic by developing cross‐system collaboration from local public health nurses to the Governor's office. In summary, legal and regulatory policies can be implemented relatively quickly whereas changing the substance abuse treatment infrastructure requires significant financial investments.
Health Promotores' Perceptions of their Communities' Health Needs, Knowledge, and Resource Needs in Rural Nicaragua
Authors: McDermott‐Levy Ruth , Weatherbie Katherine 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectivesThis study was conducted to determine rural Nicaraguan health promotores' perceptions of their community's health problems, their self‐identified learning needs, and resource needs. Despite the valuable contributions of promotores, there is limited research regarding unpaid volunteer promotores' perceptions of their needs in providing care to remote communities.Design and SampleA qualitative descriptive study of 13 unpaid, volunteer promotores in Waslala, Nicaragua, was conducted.MeasuresData were collected during individual interviews with seven promotores and two focus groups with 13 promotores. Data were analyzed by reading verbatim transcripts repeatedly and establishing general themes. Promotores confirmed the findings.ResultsWaslalan promotores described a synergy of traditional folk health beliefs and natural practices along with use of modern medications while working to meet the health needs of their communities. Without much formal training, the promotores used public health strategies to influence health behaviors and address health disparities in the communities they serve. Serving their communities and God were their motivation in their work.ConclusionsRecommendations include supporting efforts to meet promotores' needs regarding community health education with messages from community leaders and nurses, finding methods to financially compensate promotores, and including promotores in health program planning and evaluation.
Does the Political Environment Matter? Arab‐American Representation and September 11th
Authors: Fine Jeffrey A. , Aziz Nadia N. 
Published: August 2012

ObjectivesStudies of minority representation customarily focus on groups whose social position remains steady over the time period in question. We consider whether and how Arab‐American representation shifted following September 11th as the group's social status changed rapidly.MethodsWe analyze the determinants of Senate voting alongside the Arab‐American Institute from 2000 to 2008. We employ ordinary least square (OLS) regression models that account for the time series cross‐sectional (TSCS) nature of our panel data.ResultsOur findings suggest that Arab‐American representation significantly declined in the wake of September 11th, both among Democratic and Republican senators. As the political environment improved over time, representation slowly rose in subsequent years.ConclusionsWe show that the quality of Arab‐American representation declined after September 11th despite no significant change in either their size or in electoral outcomes. We also show that broad theories of minority representation apply to even small ethnic groups, as the determinants of Arab‐American representation parallel those of African Americans and Latinos.
The Impact of a Pledge Request and the Promise of Publicity: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Charitable Donations
Authors: Cotterill Sarah , John Peter , Richardson Liz 
Published: August 2012

ObjectiveThis study investigates whether asking people to make a pledge causes them to donate to a charitable cause and whether the promise of public recognition increases the effectiveness of the request.MethodA randomized controlled trial in Manchester, United Kingdom, where households were sent letters asking them to donate a book for school libraries in South Africa.ResultsPeople who are asked to make a pledge and offered local public recognition are more likely to make a book donation than the control group. The combination of requesting a pledge and offering publicity raises book donations from 7.3 percent to 8.9 percent of households, an effect size of 22 percent. Asking people to pledge alone, without the promise of publicity has no statistically significant impact on giving.ConclusionCombining a pledge request and the promise of local publicity increases individual charitable donations.
Time‐coordinated prevalence of extracellular HGF, FGF2 and TGF‐β3 in crush‐injured skeletal muscle
Authors: DO Mai‐Khoi Q. , SUZUKI Takahiro , GERELT Borjigin , SATO Yusuke , MIZUNOYA Wataru , NAKAMURA Mako , IKEUCHI Yoshihide , ANDERSON Judy E. , TATSUMI Ryuichi 
Published: August 2012

AbstractSuccessful regeneration and remodeling of neuromuscular junctions are critical for restoring functional capacities and properties of skeletal muscle after damage, and axon‐guidance molecules may be involved in the signaling that regulates such restoration. Recently, we found that early‐differentiated satellite cells up‐regulate a secreted neural chemorepellent Sema3A upon in vivo muscle‐crush injury. The study also revealed that Sema3A expression is up‐regulated in primary satellite‐cell cultures in response to hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) and is prevented by transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β2, 3. In order to verify the physiological significance of this regulation in vitro, the present study was designed to estimate the time‐course of extracellular HGF, FGF2 and TGF‐β3 concentrations after crush‐injury of Gastrocnemius muscle in the rat lower hind‐limb, using a combination of a non‐homogenization/non‐spin extraction of extracellular wound fluids and enhanced chemiluminescence–Western blotting analyses. Results clearly demonstrated that active HGF and FGF2 are prevalent in 2–8 days post‐crush, whereas active TGF‐β3 increases after 12 days, providing a better understanding of the time‐coordinated levels of HGF, FGF2 and TGF‐β3 that drive regulation of Sema3A expression during regenerative intramuscular moto‐neuritogenesis.
Plasma melatonin secretion rhythms in cattle under varying seasonal conditions
Authors: Ogino Mizuna , Matsuura Akihiro , Yamazaki Atusi , Irimajiri Mami , Kushibiki Shiro , Shingu Hiroyuki , Kasuya Etsuko , Hasegawa Yoshihisa , Hodate Koichi 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the secretion cycles of melatonin (MEL) in cattle over the course of four seasons. Four female Japanese Shorthorn cattle under free‐stall and ad libitum feeding conditions were used, and plasma MEL concentrations were measured over a 48 h period at 1 h intervals. The time‐series data were analyzed by spectral analysis, and the cycle hour was determined. Data indicated that the secretion cycle for MEL was approximately 23.5 h for all four seasons. The area under the curve of MEL from start to end of experiment for 48 h did not differ significantly among the four seasons. However, the duration of high MEL secretion which defined the duration time of the values were more than 10 pg/mL and differed significantly among the four seasons. In conclusion, this study, which was the first to use spectral analysis to evaluate the cyclic rhythm of MEL in cattle, revealed that MEL secretion cycles did not differ among the seasons. These findings are inconsistent with previous study results in that previous reports suggested that the MEL secretion cycle differed under different lighting conditions.
Internet-Ordered Viagra (Sildenafil Citrate) is Rarely Genuine
Authors: Campbell Neil , Clark John P. , Stecher Vera J. , Goldstein Irwin 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Counterfeit medication is a growing problem. This study assessed the requirement for prescription, cost, origin, and content of medications sold via the Internet and purporting to be the phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor Viagra (sildenafil citrate).

Methods
Pfizer monitored top search results for the query “buy Viagra” on the two leading Internet search engines in March 2011. Orders were placed from 22 unique Web sites claiming to sell Viagra manufactured by Pfizer. Tablets received were assessed for chemical composition.

Results
No Web site examined required a prescription for purchase or a health screening survey; 90% offered illegal “generic Viagra.” Cost per tablet ranged from $3.28–$33.00. Shipment origins of purchases were Hong Kong (N = 11), the United States (N = 6), and the United Kingdom (N = 2) as well as Canada, China, and India (N = 1 each). Notably, the four Internet pharmacies claiming to be Canadian did not ship medication from a Canadian address. Of 22 sample tablets examined, 17 (77%) were counterfeit, 4 (18%) were authentic, and 1 (5%) was an illegal generic. Counterfeit tablets were analyzed for sildenafil citrate, the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) of Viagra, and contents varied between 30% and 50% of the label claim. Counterfeits lacked product information leaflets, including appropriate safety warnings, and genuine Viagra formulations.

Conclusion
Internet sites claiming to sell authentic Viagra shipped counterfeit medication 77% of the time; counterfeits usually came from non-U.S. addresses and had 30% to 50% of the labeled API claim. Caution is warranted when purchasing Viagra via the Internet.
Multilevel Local Anesthetic Nerve Blockade for the Treatment of Generalized Vulvodynia: A Pilot Study
Authors: McDonald John S. , Rapkin Andrea J. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Vulvodynia is a common pain disorder among women with a major impact on sexual functioning and quality of life. There are few published studies addressing the treatment of the pain of generalized vulvodynia or of generalized vulvodynia accompanying localized pain in the region of the vulvar vestibule.

Aim
A prospective, noncontrolled pilot study was conducted to assess the efficacy of a novel treatment using caudal epidural, pudendal nerve block, and vulvar infiltration of local anesthetic agents.

Main Outcome Measures
The main outcome measure was vulvar pain as assessed by the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ). The secondary outcome measures were depressed mood evaluated with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and sexual functioning assessed by the Female Sexual Functioning Inventory (FSFI).

Methods
Thirty-two women with vulvodynia met inclusion criteria and 26 women completed the study. The protocol included five treatment sessions with multilevel local anesthetic nerve blockade and a follow-up contact or visit 2–3 months later.

Results
There were significant improvements in vulvar pain as determined by both the sensory and affective components of the MPQ and in depression as assessed by the BDI. However, there were no changes in sexual functioning on the FSFI.

Conclusion
Serial multilevel nerve block administered for the treatment of vulvodynia is a neurophysiologically based modality that may be effective and merits a placebo-controlled study.
Novel Fluorapatite‐Forsterite Nanocomposite Powder for Oral Bone Defects
Authors: Forghani Anoosha , Mapar Mahta , Kharaziha Mahshid , Fathi Mohammad H. , Fesharaki Mehrafarin 
Published: August 2012

Failing implants lead to osseous defects. Guided tissue regeneration made of bioactive ceramics has been used to promote bone formation in osseous deformation. The aim of this study was to prepare and to characterize the fluorapatite/forsterite nanocomposite powder for treatment of oral bone defects. In this study, these composite powders with different contents of forsterite nanopowder were prepared via sol‐gel process. Characterization of prepared nanocomposite powders and their cytotoxicity evaluation were done and compared with pure forsterite and fluorapatite powders. Results showed that nanocomposite powders with crystallite size of about 21–24 nm were fabricated successfully by gel calcination at 600°C. Besides the non‐toxicity effects of powders, nanocomposite containing 20 wt% forsterite significantly increased cell viability compared with control groups. According to these results, these nanocomposite powders might be suitable as bioactive material for oral bone defect.
Enhanced Properties of Dense AlN Ceramics via in situ Reaction
Authors: Zhao Yongjie , Huang Rongxia , Zhou Heping , Ryu Sung‐Soo 
Published: August 2012

A novel approach to prepare dense AlN ceramics with high thermal conductivity was proposed. The aluminum isopropoxide (AIP) was introduced to prepare dense AlN ceramics possessing enhanced thermal conductivity via in situ reaction. The effect of AIP and sintering temperatures on the microstructure and properties of AlN ceramics were investigated. Results indicate that AIP is beneficial for the densification of AlN ceramics, and particularly, when the addition of AIP reaches 1 wt%, the density and thermal conductivity could reach up to 3.29 g/cm3, 182 W/mK, respectively. Finally, the mechanism of the in situ reaction was proposed.
Salmonella Detection in Poultry Meat – Validation of VIDAS Xpress Automatic Enzyme‐Linked Fluorescent Immunoassay‐Based Method
Authors: Chajęcka‐Wierzchowska Wioleta , Zadernowska Anna , Kłębukowska Lucyna , Łaniewska‐Trokenheim Łucja 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe studies included the determination of usefulness of the VIDAS Salmonella Xpress (SLMX) tests for Salmonella detection in poultry and its comparison with a standard cultural method International Standards Organization‐6579. The material for investigation was chicken, turkey, duck and goose meat bought in retail. The study was performed on 180 meat samples. The meat was inoculated with a mixture of Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium on three levels of contamination. It was also checked whether the tests do not produce cross‐reactions with Proteus vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii strains. Based on the results, relative specificity, relative accuracy, relative sensitivity of the method and level of detection was determined. The studies showed a high specificity of VIDAS Salmonella Xpress tests. The results, both in the cultural method and with use of the VIDAS system, depended on the type of investigated meat and on the microbiological contamination of the raw material.Practical ApplicationsSince December 2010, the requirements prohibit the presence (in 25 g) of Salmonella in fresh poultry meat in the retail market. This requires a rapid method to detect Salmonella in poultry meat. This rapid method should provide reliable results in time to allow management of poultry slaughterhouses in the direction market of fresh poultry or in the direction of industrial of treatment. Such procedures have to evaluate in reliable way the microbiological quality of food product before it will hit the market. This is concurrently realization of assumptions of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) and verification of accuracy of its action.
Understanding the Landscape: Promoting Health for Rural Individuals After Tertiary Level Cardiac Revascularization
Authors: Pesut Barbara , Laberge Carol , Sawatzky Richard , Mallinson Julia , Rush Kathy 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose: The purpose of this pilot study was to describe the needs and experiences of rural individuals commuting to an urban center for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods: Data were analyzed from a “Patient Adherence and Satisfaction Survey” conducted by telephone as part of a quality improvement focus, and supplemented with in‐depth semi‐structured interviews with rural patients following PCI.Findings: Both urban and rural patients after PCI experienced few complications, had made some attempts to reduce tobacco usage, and were highly satisfied with explanations of their treatment and their overall treatment experience. Patients in rural settings were more likely to experience chest pain at least rarely following their surgery than people in urban settings (P < .05). Data on participation in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) showed no significant differences between urban and rural dwellers. Four themes emerged from the interviews: standards of care during treatment; transportation; local resources and community support; and lifestyle changes. Although patients were highly satisfied with standards of care during acute treatment, there were unmet needs in relation to transportation and lifestyle changes.Conclusion: Transitions between rural communities and urban centers and rural adaptations of secondary prevention programs require more attention in health service delivery. Further research is required to better understand potential variations in chest pain patterns between urban and rural residents.
Natural Antioxidants in Purple Sprouting Broccoli under Mediterranean Climate
Authors: Rodríguez‐Hernández María del Carmen , Moreno Diego A. , Carvajal Micaela , García‐Viguera Cristina , Martínez‐Ballesta María del Carmen 
Published: August 2012

Abstract:  Broccoli, (Brassica oleracea var. Italica), is generally recognized as a nutritive food rich in natural antioxidants, including vitamins and phenolics compounds. Phytochemical composition of 3 different purple sprouting broccoli varieties according with their production cycle: EEP (Extra Early), EP (Early), and LP (Late) were determined. The 3 cultivars tested were grown under the same conditions in an experimental field (SE Spain) where they were not previously cultivated since these cultivars are typical of cold, Northern‐European areas. EP variety showed greater growth according to the photosynthetic rate and C assimilation. However, it was not possible to obtain inflorescences for variety LP. The health‐promoting compounds (vitamin C, phenolic compounds, and glucosinolates) were higher in purple broccolis than in traditionally grown green broccolis and showed differences according to the variety. With respect to the use of broccoli byproducts as source of antioxidants, any variety would be suitable although the leaves of EP variety seems the richest in total phenolic acids, whereas the amount of anthocyanins was higher in LP variety, followed by EP and EEP varieties. Under our experimental conditions, the levels of glucosinolates were higher in purple broccoli than in green cultivars and also higher than other purple broccolis grown under different climate conditions. Therefore, the results reported data for production of the EEP and EP varieties in the Mediterranean climate with potential to obtain vegetables with improved nutritional quality.Practical Application:  The results of this study reported data of the health‐promoting nutrients and natural antioxidants of EEP, EP, and LP purple sprouting broccoli varieties grown under the Mediterranean climate. The vitamin C, phenolic compounds, and glucosinolates in these purple varieties were higher than in traditionally grown green broccolis and other purple broccolis grown under different climate conditions.
Effects of Pressurization on Some Contamination Flora in Beef Pate
Authors: Gogus Ugur 
Published: August 2012

Abstract:  Pate meat is one of the food products at the top of the high‐risk category since it is an undercooked product, which does not undergo any treatment to ensure its safety before consumption. In this study, pressurization, a nonthermal technology, was administered to the product to enhance its microbial safety for the 1st time. After being cooked, ground, and mixed with broth and spices, the pate meat was divided into 3 batches. Their additional fat contents were adjusted to 9.11%, 25.00%, and 35.00%, respectively. After the division of each batch again into 3 portions with different acidities (pH 5.65, 5.95, 6.40), they were contaminated with Escherichia coli American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 11229 or Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644. Each batch was treated with 220 or 308 MPa at 21 or 43 °C for 5 or 15 min. Whereas the increase in pressure from 220 to 308 MPa enhanced the antimicrobial effect (P < 0.01), the increase in pH level and fat ratio decreased it. In the study, only the interaction between the fat ratio and acidity was found significantly important. The effect of temperature and time was not significant. The highest microbial inhibition with 1.65 log reduction was observed on E. coli when the pate meat with pH 5.65 and 9.11% fat was treated at 308 MPa at 43 °C for 5 min. The findings indicate the necessity of using higher pressure levels as ≥308 MPa with higher acidity levels (pH ≤ 5.65) and lower fat contents (≤9.11%) to achieve a higher microbial quality in pate meat.Practical Application:  Different combinations of pressure (308 and 220 MPa), additional fat (9.11, 25.00, or 35.00%), pH (5.65, 5.95, or 6.40), temperature (21 or 43 °C), time (5 or 15 min) on Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644 and Escherichia coli ATCC 11229 contamination flora were comparatively studied for the 1st time in pate meat. The findings are especially important for pate meat safety and industry since they indicate the necessity of using pressure levels as ≥308 MPa with higher acidity levels (pH ≤ 5.65) and lower fat contents (≤9.11%) to achieve a higher microbial quality in pate meat, which is highly prone to microbial spoilage.
Isolation and Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Fermented Red Dragon Fruit Juices
Authors: Yien Ong Yien , Siang Tan Wen , Rosfarizan Mohamad , Chan Eng Seng , Ti Tey Beng 
Published: August 2012

Abstract:  Red dragon fruit or red pitaya is rich in potassium, fiber, and antioxidants. Its nutritional properties and unique flesh color have made it an attractive raw material of various types of food products and beverages including fermented beverages or enzyme drinks. In this study, phenotypic and genotypic methods were used to confirm the identity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) appeared in fermented red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) beverages. A total of 21 isolates of LAB were isolated and characterized. They belonged to the genus of Enterococcus based on their biochemical characteristics. The isolates can be clustered into two groups by using the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA method. Nucleotide sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism of the 16S rRNA region suggested that they were either Enterococcus faecalis or Enterococcus durans.Practical Application:  Current research revealed the use of biochemical analyses and molecular approaches to identify the microbial population particularly lactic acid bacteria from fermented red dragon fruit juices.