bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Staged ridge-split evaluated using cone beam computed tomography and peri-implant plastic surgery in the mandibular arch
Authors: Jain Nikhil Vasant , Shinde Purva H. , Poplai Gaurav R. , Gharatkar Affaf A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractLack of sufficient bone to place an implant at a functionally and an esthetically appropriate position is a common problem, especially in the mandibular posterior region. Narrow edentulous alveolar ridges <5 mm wide require bone augmentation before implant placement to establish a bony wall of at least 1 mm around the endosseous implant. Various surgical widening techniques are available, including lateral augmentation with or without guided bone regeneration, ridge-split technique and horizontal distraction osteogenesis. The ridge-split technique aims at creating a new implant bed by longitudinal osteotomy of the alveolar bone. The buccal cortex is repositioned laterally by greenstick fracture, and the space between the buccal and lingual cortices is filled with a graft material. Peri-implant plastic surgery focuses on harmonizing peri-implant structures by means of hard- and soft-tissue engineering and includes bone structure enhancement, soft-tissue enhancement, precision in implant placement and improves quality of the prosthetic restoration. The rationale for the peri-implant plastic surgery approach goes well beyond pure esthetics as it creates peri-implant keratinized mucosa and interimplant soft-tissue height in order to avoid food impaction, interimplant airflow, and speech problems. This case report demonstrates a staged ridge-split technique evaluated with cone beam computed tomography using a piezosurgical unit and a surgical technique to restore a papilla-like tissue at the time of the second-stage implant surgery.
Efficiency and Environmental Metrics of Algal Fuel
Authors: Auld Douglas 
Published: August 2015

<p class="emsd"><span lang="EN-GB">Energy efficiency, greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction effectiveness and cost are the major characteristics that determine the commercial production, consumption and potential subsidization of non-fossil, renewable fuels. This paper sets out a basic model by which the characteristics of algal fuel can be examined and in doing so, conclusions are reached regarding the likelihood of algal fuel becoming a major biofuel in the immediate and near-term future and the potential subsidy entitlement of the fuel.</span></p>
Perspective de pairs aidants sur leur expérience d’animation d’un programme d’autotraitement du trouble panique
Authors: Perreault Michel , Bouchard Stéphane , Lapalme Micheline , Laverdure Anick , Audet Denis , Cusson Jean-Claude , Zacchia Camillo , Milton Diana , Sam Tion Michaël , Chartier-Otis Mariko , Marchand André , Bélanger Claude 
Published: August 2015

Objectif : Les groupes de soutien permettent de rejoindre des personnes atteintes de troubles anxieux qui ne sont pas desservies ou ne le sont que partiellement par les services de la santé. La présente étude porte sur le recours à des pairs aidants pour l’animation d’un programme d’autotraitement (Zéro-ATAQ). Leur point de vue sur ce programme a été documenté de manière à déterminer les aspects qui pourraient en être améliorés.
Méthode : Onze pairs aidants ont animé les 12 sessions du programme qui a été dispensé dans quatre régions du Québec auprès de 32 personnes atteintes du trouble panique avec agoraphobie. La perspective de dix pairs animateurs a été documentée à partir d’une entrevue semi-structurée au terme du programme, puis, après plus de six mois, par un focus group réunissant les pairs animateurs de l’ensemble des groupes. Les commentaires recueillis ont été transcrits et ont fait l’objet d’une analyse de contenu thématique.
Résultats : L’ensemble des animateurs rapportent avoir apprécié leur participation. Avoir pu ainsi venir en aide à des personnes éprouvant un trouble anxieux et avoir pu améliorer leurs connaissances caractérisent les propos rapportés. La quasi-totalité des pairs animateurs ont fait valoir l’importance de pouvoir compter sur la supervision d’un professionnel au besoin.
Conclusion : L’étude a mis en lumière (1) la faisabilité d’implanter un programme de ce type en partenariat avec des pairs, (2) les qualifications requises pour l’animation de ce programme, (3) les besoins sur le plan de la formation et du matériel requis, et (4) l’importance de la supervision.
La contribution de la Francophonie mondiale au démantèlement du Canada français ou l’évolution du mouvement Richelieu (1944-1982)
Authors: Dupuis Serge 
Published: August 2015

Cet article souligne la contribution de la Francophonie mondiale au démantèlement du projet national canadien-français entre les années 1950 et 1980. L’auteur reconnaît que le projet canadien-français continental s’est progressivement effrité non seulement à cause du ralentissement des migrations hors Québec, de l’intervention croissante de l’État, du néonationalisme québécois et du fédéralisme renouvelé, mais aussi parce que le projet mondial émergent de la Francophonie a, pendant ces mêmes années, marqué l’esprit des Canadiens français. L’évolution du mouvement Richelieu en constitue un parfait exemple. La mutation d’un organisme canadien-français en organisme francophone mondial à partir de la fin de la décennie 1960 rappelle dans quelle mesure ce nouvel échelon de solidarité a rassemblé des gens de différents continents, qui se sont progressivement ralliés à un projet et à une identité « francophones » au détriment d’un projet national plus restreint comme celui du Canada français.
L’engagement et l’écriture (de fiction) à l’épreuve de l’autobiographique chez André Major
Authors: Auger Manon , Dion Robert 
Published: August 2015

André Major a été, jusqu’à récemment, connu et reconnu essentiellement pour son oeuvre de romancier et de nouvelliste. Cependant, la parution tardive de trois volumes de ses carnets (Le sourire d’Anton ou l’adieu au roman, L’esprit vagabond et Prendre le large) appelle à une révision de son parcours d’écrivain, permettant en quelque sorte de jeter une lumière rétrospective sur sa production passée. En apparence, ces trois livres ont reconfiguré en profondeur l’oeuvre de Major de deux façons : d’une part, en faisant ressortir une veine autobiographique restée jusque-là plutôt discrète et, d’autre part, en inscrivant une rupture relativement franche avec la pratique de la fiction (que l’on serait tenté de faire remonter à la parution du Sourire d’Anton). Or, il semble que chez Major les réticences à l’égard des contraintes de la pratique fictionnelle apparaissent beaucoup plus tôt qu’on ne l’avait envisagé jusqu’à présent, comme du reste le souci d’une écriture de soi attentive aux exigences de la posture et de la vocation, toujours précaires, de l’écrivain, exigences qui vont de pair avec un désir d’engagement sans cesse menacé par la tentation de la désertion. Cet article montre que c’est la permanence d’une même attitude vis-à-vis divers aspects de sa pratique qui marque avant tout le parcours de Major.
“Partial Biochemical Characterization of Egg Masses of the Wedge Seahare Dolabella Auricularia (Lightfoot, 1786)”
Authors: Delan Gloria G. , Pepito Ador R. , Asakawa Manabu , Yasui Kaori , Cunado Venerando D. , Maningo Aurelia G. , Gonzales Amalia A. , Rica Rachel Luz V. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Egg masses of the wedge sea hare Dolabella auricularia are gathered as human food in the Visayas region and other areas in the Philippines, but there have been no studies examining their appropriateness for human consumption. This study was conducted to characterize the biochemical components of the egg masses. Biochemical characterization was assessed through proximate composition analysis and an amino acid profile. The egg masses comprised 91.10 percent moisture, 3.43 percent ash, 2.85 percent crude protein, 1.77 percent carbohydrates, and 0.85 percent fats. The 23 amino acid included six (6) essential components, nine (9) non-essential components, and eight (8) others. The essential amino acids included leucine, valine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, threonine and histidine, while the non-essential amino acids included taurine, tyrosine, serine, glycine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, alanine, glutamine and proline. The other components included phospho-serine, urea, aromatic amino acid, citrulline, beta-alanine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, ammonia and ornithine. The results show that egg masses contain amino acids that are important for human health, thus making it another food commodity from the ocean.
II. Dating the Exceptiones Petri
Authors: Blumenthal Uta-Renate 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The Exceptiones Petri legum Romanorum, a treatise on Roman law, were composed in the early twelfth century in Provence; codex MS Lleida Arxiù Capitular RC_0021 is a particularly significant manuscript of the treatise. As this article shows it is its oldest extant copy and illuminates authorship, origin and date of the work, all points that have been hotly debated until now. After a short introduction the paper discusses in its second part the historiography of the Exceptiones Petri in connection with the Lleida manuscript. The third section addresses the date of this treatise, while the fourth turns to the glosses in the Lleida manuscript before presenting conclusions in a final section. Appendix I to this paper transcribes the glosses in the Lleida manuscript in comparison to other manuscripts of the Exceptiones. For the sake of convenience Appendix II lists all the references to Gratian’s Decretum that are missing in the Lleida manuscript, but are found in all younger manuscripts of the Exceptiones and were accordingly published by Fitting and Mor.
III. Rethinking Causae 23–26 as the Causae hereticorum
Authors: Eichbauer Melodie H. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This essay questions the designation of Causa 23-Causa 26 of Gratian’s Decretum as the Causae hereticorum, a “tract” on heresy. It first explores the historiographical discrepancy between the designation and the varied analysis of scholars. Then it moves to a reassessment of the three textual features, which - if taken out of context - could lead to the conclusion that heresy was the principal element of the cases: the hypotheticals, the introductory summary to the causae known as “In secunda parte”, and finally the placing of the cross-reference to “in prima causa” on equal footing with the reference to a tractatus. Rather than the Causae hereticorum, the essay argues that it might prove more fruitful to consider Causae 23-26, along with the preceding case (Causa 22) on the oath and perjury, as a thematic unit addressing obedience and the execution of one’s office. Using the topics of heresy and magic as a means to an end, a springboard to address larger issues, the early textual tradition of the first recension illustrates that Gratian applied the juridical aspects of oath-taking, laid out in Causa 22, to assess how bonds structured the different interpersonal relationships analyzed in Causae 23-26. Thinking about Causae 22-26 as cases concerned with relationships and the associated duties offers an opportunity to think more about how the law conceived of and transmitted ideas about right order: an order that would extend from the pope down to the laity.
The Importance and Influence of Gratian’s Tract De penitentia
Authors: Wei John C. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This contribution reviews the book, Atria A. Larson, Master of Penance: Gratian and the Development of Penitential Thought and Law in the Twelfth Century, Washington, D.C. 2014. The monograph is the first book-length study of the tract De penitentia of Gratian’s Decretum and what it can tell us about Gratian’s thought, person, and influence. Long regarded as a later addition to the Decretum, De penitentia was in fact already present in the first recension of Gratian’s work and likely stems from the master himself. A detailed appendix critiques Larson’s proposed method for discerning intermediate stages in the development of the second recension of Gratian’s Decretum.
Diritto feudale – diritto canonico – diritto pubblico
Authors: Zendri Christian 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Feudal Law - Canon Law - Public Law. Recent Research and Outlook. Feudal law is a classical topic of the legal history. A recent book by Maura Mordini about the ecclesiastic fee both in civil and in canon law gives cause for studying the relationship between the papal revolution (as Harold J. Berman has written), secular and spiritual laws and the origins of the public law.
Die Besitztümer der Kirche in der antihussitischen Schrift Curandum summopere
Authors: Petrášek Jiří 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Church property in the anti-Hussite pamphlet Curandum summopere. In one of the Four Articles of Prague - which are undoubtedly the fundamental policy statement of the Hussites - the Calixtines prohibit the clergy from owning any kind of property. In this study, the counterargumentation of two anonymous Viennese masters, who spoke out against the rejection of the possession of church property by the Taborite Manifesto of 1430 in their Curandum Summopere, is analysed in terms of content. Furthermore, the question of whether the arguments of the catholic theologians can be traced back to Thomas Aquinas is dealt with, as his teaching concerning the perfection of the Christian life with regard to the temporalities became a weapon of the papacy. The successors of St. Peter used Aquinas’s argumentation in their controversies with the Franciscans and their notion of poverty, which they advocated less than a hundred years ahead of the execution of John Hus. The study, in a word by word analysis, compares the arguments of Curandum with the texts of Thomas Aquinas.
IV. Die persönliche Haftung des filius familias
Authors: Klinck Fabian 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The Personal Liability of the filius familas. According to the predominant view, classical Roman law allowed a filius familias to enter into an obligation and to be sued by his creditors, but it allowed no execution against a filius familias while he remained in the potestas of the pater familias. This paper critically examines the arguments on which this view is based; its author pleads for taking into account the possibility of an execution on the person of the filius familias.
VI. Der römische Eigentumsvorbehalt als Vorbehalt des Besitzes
Authors: Stagl Jakob Fortunat 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Roman retention of title clauses as retention of possession. It is the dominant view that Roman law did not know retention of title clauses (pactum reservati dominii) which is, accordingly, considered to be an invention of the medieval ius commune. This opinion is true to the extent that retention of title was inefficient from the Roman point of view because the buyer as possessor was always in the position of acquiring ownership by acquisitive prescription (usucapio), the requirement of good faith being met in these instances. The Roman lawyers, therefore, devised different means to make sure that the buyer would get the use of the sold good (detentio) without becoming possessor thus preventing the dreaded usucapio. This ‘retention of possession’ (Besitzvorbehalt) is the Roman functional equivalent to modern retention of title.
Ursprung und Begründung der Verjährung in historischer Sicht
Authors: Pichonnaz Pascal 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Origine and rationale of the limitation period in historical perspective. Based on existing understanding of Roman law, this study shows how important the evolution of the rationale of the limitation period has been. At the beginning, silence had been considered as a presumption of extinction of a real right; it developed quickly into a kind of sanction of a negligent inaction. The limitation period was also considered as easing a more efficient administration of justice. The further evolution shows however that the limitation period was justified by the idea that the creditor was presumed to have renounced to its right, first to its substantive right, then to its right of action only. This opened also the way for Savigny to stress that a limitation period is primarily a matter of the parties. The various rationale for the limitation period should lead us to consider again with more attention its purpose, among other issues for the limitation period of „late damages“.
On the Southern Ocean CO2 uptake and the role of the biological carbon pump in the 21st century
Authors: Hauck J. , Völker C. , Wolf‐Gladrow D. A. , Laufkötter C. , Vogt M. , Aumont O. , Bopp L. , Buitenhuis E. T. , Doney S. C. , Dunne J. , Gruber N. , Hashioka T. , John J. , Quéré C. Le , Lima I. D. , Nakano H. , Séférian R. , Totterdell I. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe use a suite of eight ocean biogeochemical/ecological general circulation models from the Marine Ecosystem Model Intercomparison Project and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 archives to explore the relative roles of changes in winds (positive trend of Southern Annular Mode, SAM) and in warming‐ and freshening‐driven trends of upper ocean stratification in altering export production and CO2 uptake in the Southern Ocean at the end of the 21st century. The investigated models simulate a broad range of responses to climate change, with no agreement on a dominance of either the SAM or the warming signal south of 44°S. In the southernmost zone, i.e., south of 58°S, they concur on an increase of biological export production, while between 44 and 58°S the models lack consensus on the sign of change in export. Yet in both regions, the models show an enhanced CO2 uptake during spring and summer. This is due to a larger CO2(aq) drawdown by the same amount of summer export production at a higher Revelle factor at the end of the 21st century. This strongly increases the importance of the biological carbon pump in the entire Southern Ocean. In the temperate zone, between 30 and 44°S, all models show a predominance of the warming signal and a nutrient‐driven reduction of export production. As a consequence, the share of the regions south of 44°S to the total uptake of the Southern Ocean south of 30°S is projected to increase at the end of the 21st century from 47 to 66% with a commensurable decrease to the north. Despite this major reorganization of the meridional distribution of the major regions of uptake, the total uptake increases largely in line with the rising atmospheric CO2. Simulations with the MITgcm‐REcoM2 model show that this is mostly driven by the strong increase of atmospheric CO2, with the climate‐driven changes of natural CO2 exchange offsetting that trend only to a limited degree (∼10%) and with negligible impact of climate effects on anthropogenic CO2 uptake when integrated over a full annual cycle south of 30°S.
Deeply dredged submarine HIMU glasses from the Tuvalu Islands, Polynesia: Implications for volatile budgets of recycled oceanic crust
Authors: Jackson M. G. , Koga K. T. , Price A. , Konter J. G. , Koppers A. A. P. , Finlayson V. A. , Konrad K. , Hauri E. H. , Kylander‐Clark A. , Kelley K. A. , Kendrick M. A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractOcean island basalts (OIB) with extremely radiogenic Pb‐isotopic signatures are melts of a mantle component called HIMU (high µ, high 238U/204Pb). Until now, deeply dredged submarine HIMU glasses have not been available, which has inhibited complete geochemical (in particular, volatile element) characterization of the HIMU mantle. We report major, trace and volatile element abundances in a suite of deeply dredged glasses from the Tuvalu Islands. Three Tuvalu glasses with the most extreme HIMU signatures have F/Nd ratios (35.6 ± 3.6) that are higher than the ratio (∼21) for global OIB and MORB, consistent with elevated F/Nd ratios in end‐member HIMU Mangaia melt inclusions. The Tuvalu glasses with the most extreme HIMU composition have Cl/K (0.11–0.12), Br/Cl (0.0024), and I/Cl (5–6 × 10−5) ratios that preclude significant assimilation of seawater‐derived Cl. The new HIMU glasses that are least degassed for H2O have low H2O/Ce ratios (75–84), similar to ratios identified in end‐member OIB glasses with EM1 and EM2 signatures, but significantly lower than H2O/Ce ratios (119–245) previously measured in melt inclusions from Mangaia. CO2‐H2O equilibrium solubility models suggest that these HIMU glasses (recovered in two different dredges at 2500–3600 m water depth) have eruption pressures of 295–400 bars. We argue that degassing is unlikely to significantly reduce the primary melt H2O. Thus, the lower H2O/Ce in the HIMU Tuvalu glasses is a mantle signature. We explore oceanic crust recycling as the origin of the low H2O/Ce (∼50–80) in the EM1, EM2, and HIMU mantle domains.
Background seismicity rate at subduction zones linked to slab‐bending‐related hydration
Authors: Nishikawa Tomoaki , Ide Satoshi 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTectonic properties strongly control variations in seismicity among subduction zones. In particular, fluid distribution in subduction zones influences earthquake occurrence, and it varies among subduction zones due to variations in fluid sources such as hydrated oceanic plates. However, the relationship between variations in fluid distribution and variations in seismicity among subduction zones is unclear. Here we divide Earth's subduction zones into 111 regions and estimate background seismicity rates using the epidemic type aftershock sequence model. We demonstrate that background seismicity rate correlates to the amount of bending of the incoming oceanic plate, which in turn is related to the hydration of oceanic plates via slab‐bending‐related faults. Regions with large bending may have high‐seismicity rates because a strongly hydrated oceanic plate causes high pore fluid pressure and reduces the strength of the plate interface. We suggest that variations in fluid distribution can also cause variations in seismicity in subduction zones.
Possible seasonality in large deep‐focus earthquakes
Authors: Zhan Zhongwen , Shearer Peter M. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractLarge deep‐focus earthquakes (magnitude > 7.0, depth > 500 km) have exhibited strong seasonality in their occurrence times since the beginning of global earthquake catalogs. Of 60 such events from 1900 to the present, 42 have occurred in the middle half of each year. The seasonality appears strongest in the northwest Pacific subduction zones and weakest in the Tonga region. Taken at face value, the surplus of northern hemisphere summer events is statistically significant, but due to the ex post facto hypothesis testing, the absence of seasonality in smaller deep earthquakes, and the lack of a known physical triggering mechanism, we cannot rule out that the observed seasonality is just random chance. However, we can make a testable prediction of seasonality in future large deep‐focus earthquakes, which, given likely earthquake occurrence rates, should be verified or falsified within a few decades. If confirmed, deep earthquake seasonality would challenge our current understanding of deep earthquakes.
Observation of charged nanograins at comet 67P/Churyumov‐Gerasimenko
Authors: Burch J. L. , Gombosi T. I. , Clark G. , Mokashi P. , Goldstein R. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSoon after the Rosetta Orbiter rendezvoused with comet 67P/Churyumov‐Gerasimenko at a solar distance of ~3.5 AU and began to fly in triangular‐shaped trajectories around it, the Ion and Electron Sensor detected negative particles at energies from about 100 eV/q to over 18 keV/q. The lower energy particles came from roughly the direction of the comet; the higher‐energy particles came from approximately the solar direction. These particles are interpreted as clusters of molecules, most likely water, which we refer to as nanograins because their inferred diameters are less than 100 nm. Acceleration of the grains away from the comet is through gas drag by the expanding cometary atmosphere, while acceleration back to the vicinity of the comet is caused partly by solar radiation pressure but mainly by the solar wind electric field. These observations represent the first measurements of energetic charged submicron‐sized dust or ice grains (nanograins) in a cometary environment.