bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La presse périodique pour la jeunesse au xviii e siècle : essor et fragilité
Authors: Plagnol-Diéval Marie-Emmanuelle 
Published: January 2014

Les publications de littérature à l’usage de la jeunesse se développent dès le xviii e siècle. Visant à transmettre un enseignement civique et moral à un public spécifique, ces titres évoluent vers des périodicités régulières. L’article étudie en particulier le travail d’Arnaud Berquin et celui de Louis-François Jauffret, initiateurs de plusieurs publications, mais aussi passeurs. Ils permettent en effet la traduction et l’adaptation d’une littérature qui fleurit alors dans l’ensemble de l’Europe. Ces publications qui mêlent discours didactique et représentations du lectorat destinataire influencent durablement la production pour la jeunesse.
Les repr&#233;sentations de la sexualit&#233; dans Jeune &amp; Jolie
Authors: Legouge Patricia 
Published: January 2014

L’analyse des discours sur la sexualité dans Jeune & Jolie sur une période de vingt ans souligne leur potentiel politique. Rarement de simples modes d’emploi du plaisir sexuel, ces représentations constituent des enjeux des rapports sociaux (de sexe, de classe, de génération, de race). Si ces discours ont évolué (la médiatisation du VIH est un moment historique), les injonctions de genre sont répétées : la sexualité pour les femmes est nécessairement envisagée dans un cadre amoureux et conjugal, la disponibilité sexuelle ne signifie pas une appétence autonome revendiquée, et la première expérience sexuelle est dramatisée.
DISTRIBUTION OF DIFFERENT PML/RARΑ BCR ISOFORMS IN INDIAN ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKAEMIA (APL) PATIENTS AND CLINICOHEMATOLOGICAL CORRELATION
Authors: Chatterjee Tathagata , Gupta Srishti , Sharma Ajay , Sharma Sanjeevan , Ganguli Prosenjit 
Published: January 2014

Context: Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), an AML subtype, is characterized morphologically by abnormal promyelocytes. Molecular studies show three possible bcr isoforms of PML- RARα fusion gene . This study undertakes analysis of PML-RARα bcr isoforms and their correlation with hematological parameters and response to treatment in Indian patients. Aims: To study different bcr isoforms in Indian patients and to find any correlation with various hematological parameters and response to treatment Settings and Design: Patients diagnosed as APL on morphology or flowcytometry and confirmed by RQ PCR were included in the study. Treated APL patients or patients with relapse and on follow up were excluded from the study. Methods and Material: Twenty patients over thirty one months period were included. The clinical, hematological & morphological features were analysed, the latter using routine & special cytochemical stains on blood and bone marrow . Flow cytometric evaluation using 4-color Beckman Coulter FC 500 and molecular studies using RT PCR FusionQuant® kits for bcr-1, bcr-2 and bcr-3 on the instrument Rotor Gene™ 3000 were performed . Statistical analysis used: Student t test was applied to correlate different bcr isoforms with various haematological parameters and response to treatment. Results: In our study , M:F ratio was 1.5:1 with median age 42 years, Hb - 8.0 g/dl, TLC-7900/μl, and platelet – 35000/ μl and varied clinical presentation. Four patients were microgranular variants and rest hypergranular . MPO and CAE positivity was 100% and 33.33% for NSE. Molecular analysis revealed bcr1 in 42.85% , bcr2 in 14.28% and bcr 3 in 38.09 % patients. No correlation was found between bcr isoforms , different hematological parameters and response to treatment. Conclusions: Higher incidence of bcr-1 was found in Indian APL patients with no significant correlation between different hematological parameters and response to treatment.
Influence of acute haemodynamic changes on the oxygen saturation during electro-convulsive therapy
Authors: Bansal Sonia , Surve Rohini , Sriganesh Kamath , Tirthalli Jagadisha , Subbakrishna Doddaballapur , Umamaheswara Rao Ganne 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Background: Electro-convulsive therapy (ECT) is a safe and effective treatment for various psychiatric disorders. Among the various complications associated with ECT, acute haemodynamic responses and decrease in the oxygen saturation are the most common. The current study is designed to evaluate the relationship between the haemodynamic response and oxygen de-saturation occurring during ECT. Materials and Methods: Patients undergoing modified ECT for their psychiatric illness over a one-year period were prospectively included in this observational study. The following parameters were collected from each patient: Age, body mass index (BMI), doses of thiopentone and suxamethonium, stimulus current, ECT session number, pre-and post-ECT heart rate, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure, seizure duration and pre- and post-ECT oxygen saturation. Results: The incidence of oxygen de-saturation was 27% (139/507 sessions). The change in the heart rate and systolic blood pressure caused by ECT and the BMI of the patient were independently predictive of the change in the oxygen saturation. Conclusions: The current study identified ECT-induced acute haemodynamic changes as independent predictors of severity of oxygen de-saturation.
Simplicity of Some Twin Tree Automorphism Groups with Trivial Commutation Relations
Authors: Morita Jun , Rémy Bertrand 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe prove simplicity for incomplete rank 2 Kac-Moody groups over algebraic closures of finite fields with trivial commutation relations between root groups corresponding to prenilpotent pairs. We don't use the (yet unknown) simplicity of the corresponding finitely generated groups (i.e., when the ground field is finite). Nevertheless we use the fact that the latter groups are just infinite (modulo center).
A “Reverse July Effect”: Association Between Timing of Admission, Medical Team Workload, and 30-Day Readmission Rate
Authors: Averbukh Yelena , Southern William 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background
High teaching team workload has been associated with poor supervision and worse patient outcomes, yet it is unclear whether this association is more pronounced during the early months of the academic year when the residents are less experienced.

Objective
We examined the associations between teaching team workload, timing of admission, and the 30-day readmission rate.

Methods
In this retrospective observational study, all admissions to an urban internal medicine teaching service over a 16-month period were divided into 2 groups based on admission date: early in the academic year (July–September) or late (October–June) and further defined as being admitted to “busy” versus “less busy” teams based on number of monthly admissions. The primary outcome was 30-day readmission rate. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the independent association between teaching team workload and readmission rates, stratified by time of year of admission after adjustment for demographic and clinical characteristics.

Results
Of 12 118 admissions examined, 2352 (19.4%) were admitted early in the year, and 9766 (80.6%) were admitted later. After multivariate adjustment, we found that patients admitted to busy versus less busy teams in the first quarter had similar 30-day readmission rate (odds ratio [OR]adj  =  1.03 [0.82–1.30]). Later year admission to a busy team was associated with increased risk of readmission after adjustment (ORadj  =  1.16 [1.03–1.30]).

Conclusions
Admission to busy teams early in the year was not associated with increased odds of 30-day readmission, whereas admission later in the year to busy teams was associated with 16% increased odds of readmission.
Ability of the Physician Well-Being Index to Identify Residents in Distress
Authors: Dyrbye Liselotte N. , Satele Daniel , Sloan Jeff , Shanafelt Tait D. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundResident well-being impacts competence, professionalism, career satisfaction, and the quality of care delivered to patients.ObjectiveWe established normative scores and reported evidence of relationship between the Physician Well-Being Index (PWBI) score to other variables and consequence validity for the PWBI in a national sample of residents, and evaluated the performance of the index after substituting the original fatigue item with an item not associated with driving a car.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey study of a national sample of 20 475 residents. The survey included the PWBI, instruments assessing mental quality of life (QOL) and fatigue, and items on recent suicidal ideation and medical error. Fisher exact test or Wilcoxon/2-sample t test procedures were used with a 5% type I error rate and a 2-sided alternative.ResultsOf 7560 residents who opened the e-mail to participate in the study, 1701 (22.5%) completed the survey. Residents with low mental QOL, high fatigue, or recent suicidal ideation were more likely to endorse each of the PWBI items and a greater number of total items (all P &lt; .001). At a threshold score of ≥ 5, the PWBI's specificity for identifying residents with low mental QOL, high fatigue, or recent suicidal ideation was 83.6%. PWBI score also stratified residents' self-reported medical errors. The PWBI performed similarly using either fatigue item.ConclusionsThe 7-item PWBI appears to be a useful screening index to identify residents whose degree of distress may negatively impact the quality of care they deliver.
Effect of a Rapid Response Team on Patient Outcomes in a Community-Based Teaching Hospital
Authors: Segon Ankur , Ahmad Shahryar , Segon Yogita , Kumar Vivek , Friedman Harvey , Ali Muhammad 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background
Rapid response teams have been adopted across hospitals to reduce the rate of inpatient cardiopulmonary arrest. Yet, data are not uniform on their effectiveness across university and community settings.

Objective
The objective of our study was to determine the impact of rapid response teams on patient outcomes in a community teaching hospital with 24/7 resident coverage.

Methods
Our retrospective chart review of preintervention-postintervention data included all patients admitted between January 2004 and April 2006. Rapid response teams were initiated in March 2005. The outcomes of interest were inpatient mortality, unexpected transfer to the intensive care unit, code blue (cardiac or pulmonary arrest) per 1000 discharges, and length of stay in the intensive care unit.

Results
Rapid response teams were activated 213 times during the intervention period. There was no statistically significant difference in inpatient mortality (3.13% preintervention versus 2.91% postintervention), code blue calls (3.09 versus 2.89 per 1000 discharges), or unexpected transfers of patients to the intensive care unit (15.8% versus 15.5%).

Conclusions
The implementation of a rapid response team did not appear to affect overall mortality and code blue calls in a community-based hospital with 24/7 resident coverage.
Simulation-Based Assessment to Evaluate Cognitive Performance in an Anesthesiology Residency Program
Authors: Sidi Avner , Baslanti Tezcan Ozrazgat , Gravenstein Nikolaus , Lampotang Samsun 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundProblem solving in a clinical context requires knowledge and experience, and most traditional examinations for learners do not capture skills that are required in some situations where there is uncertainty about the proper course of action.ObjectiveWe sought to evaluate anesthesiology residents for deficiencies in cognitive performance within and across 3 clinical domains (operating room, trauma, and cardiac resuscitation) using simulation-based assessment.MethodsIndividual basic knowledge and cognitive performance in each simulation-based scenario were assessed in 47 residents using a 15- to 29-item scenario-specific checklist. For every scenario and item we calculated group error scenario rate (frequency) and individual (resident) item success. For all analyses, alpha was designated as 0.05.ResultsPostgraduate year (PGY)-3 and PGY-4 residents' cognitive items error rates were higher and success rates lower compared to basic and technical performance in each domain tested (P &lt; .05). In the trauma and resuscitation scenarios, the cognitive error rate by PGY-4 residents was fairly high (0.29–0.5) and their cognitive success rate was low (0.5–0.68). The most common cognitive errors were anchoring, availability bias, premature closure, and confirmation bias.ConclusionsSimulation-based assessment can differentiate between higher-order (cognitive) and lower-order (basic and technical) skills expected of relatively experienced (PGY-3 and PGY-4) anesthesiology residents. Simulation-based assessments can also highlight areas of relative strength and weakness in a resident group, and this information can be used to guide curricular modifications to address deficiencies in tasks requiring higher-order processing and cognition.
KINETIC MODEL FOR THERMAL DEHYDROCHLORINATION OF CHLORINATED NATURAL RUBBER WITH DIFFERENT CHLORINE CONTENT
Authors: Chen Jing , He Lanzhen , Chen Yasheng , Zhong Jieping , He Canzhong , Kong Linxue 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
A novel model for calculating dehydrochlorination kinetics at a lower temperature of chlorinated natural rubber (CNR) is presented. It has been observed that dehydrochlorination is complex and involves three different stages. A model that accounts for dehydrochlorination at lower temperature is proposed. The kinetic parameters are obtained from dehydrochlorination experiments at 60–90 °C. The results of the kinetic calculation show that the apparent activation energy decreases with an increment of chlorine content. Higher chlorine content CNR makes it easier to remove hydrochloric acid when heated, but its dehydrochlorination rate affected by temperature is significantly less than that of the sample with a lower chlorine content. The thermogravimetric/derivative thermogravimetry results show that the beginning temperature of thermo-oxidative degradation rises with the increment of chlorine content. During the heating process, the higher chlorine content CNR is more stable than the lower one. The results suggest the storage conditions and basis for selection of appropriate temperature for the preparation of CNR from latex.
Ressenya a Josep-Antoni Ysern i Lagarda & Júlia Butinyà Jiménez (coord.) Adentrándonos en la literatura catalana. Edad Media, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, 2013
Authors: Martínez Mayor Carlos 
Published: January 2014

Ressenya a Josep-Antoni Ysern i Lagarda, & Júlia Butinyà Jiménez (coord.) Adentrándonos en la literatura catalana. Edad Media, Madrid, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia. 2013, 392 pp. ISBN 978-84-362-6576-7
Full‐wave effects on shear wave splitting
Authors: Lin Yu‐Pin , Zhao Li , Hung Shu‐Huei 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSeismic anisotropy in the mantle plays an important role in our understanding of the Earth's internal dynamics, and shear wave splitting has always been a key observable in the investigation of seismic anisotropy. To date the interpretation of shear wave splitting in terms of anisotropy has been largely based on ray‐theoretical modeling of a single vertically incident plane SKS or SKKS wave. In this study, we use sensitivity kernels of shear wave splitting to anisotropic parameters calculated by the normal‐mode theory to demonstrate that the interference of SKS with other phases of similar arrival times, near‐field effect, and multiple reflections in the crust lead to significant variations of SKS splitting with epicentral distance. The full‐wave kernels not only widen the possibilities in the source‐receiver geometry in making shear wave splitting measurements but also provide the capability for tomographic inversion to resolve vertical and lateral variations in the anisotropic structures.
Asymmetric responses of land hydroclimatology to two types of El Niño in the Mississippi River Basin
Authors: Liang Yu‐Chiao , Lo Min‐Hui , Yu Jin‐Yi 
Published: January 2014

AbstractEl Niño events play important roles in influencing the hydroclimatology over the Mississippi River Basin (MRB). This study shows that the two types of El Niño events, the central Pacific (CP) El Niño and eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño, have opposite effects on spring soil water hydrology in the MRB. Above‐normal spring (March) precipitation during EP El Niño years leads to higher soil water levels during the subsequent 2 to 3 months in the central and western MRB. On the other hand, CP El Niño events induce below‐normal spring precipitation that causes lower soil water levels over the Ohio‐Mississippi Valley during the following 1 or 2 months. As a result, a springtime asymmetric response occurs in the MRB streamflow and soil water storage to the two types of El Niño. Subsurface hydrological storage processes are found to be essential to extend El Niño's influence in the MRB to late spring.
Simulations of the effects of vertical transport on the thermosphere and ionosphere using two coupled models
Authors: Siskind D. E. , Drob D. P. , Dymond K. F. , McCormack J. P. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe have explored the sensitivity of the thermosphere and ionosphere to dynamical forcing from altitudes near the mesopause (~95 km). We performed five simulations, all for the year 2009, with the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)/Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM). Two simulations were driven with the NCAR Global Scale Wind Model, and three used output from the Advanced Level Physics High Altitude (ALPHA) version of the Navy's Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS). Use of NOGAPS‐ALPHA allows for realistic meteorological variability from the lower atmosphere to propagate up into the TIEGCM, including a rich spectrum of nonmigrating tides. We find that the additional vertical transport from these tides causes a significant reduction in the calculated peak electron density of the ionospheric F2 layer (NmF2). The mechanism for this effect is the enhanced downward transport of atomic oxygen to the base of the thermosphere. In turn, this yields a greater relative abundance of N2 and hence enhanced recombination of ions and electrons. To get improved agreement with observed electron densities, we must reduce (Kzz) by a factor of 5. However, even with lower Kzz, our calculation still underestimates the NmF2 compared with radio occultation observations by the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate satellite system. This underestimate of NmF2 may be linked to an overestimate of the nonmigrating tides in the coupled TIEGCM‐NOGAPS calculations or to uncertainties in the bottom boundary for atomic oxygen in the TIEGCM.
A methodology for the validation of temperature profiles from hyperspectral infrared sounders using GPS radio occultation: Experience with AIRS and COSMIC
Authors: Feltz Michelle L. , Knuteson Robert O. , Revercomb Henry E. , Tobin David C. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis paper presents a methodology for the validation of vertical temperature profile retrievals from infrared and microwave sounders by intercomparison with Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation (RO) profiles matched in time and space. GPS RO provides an estimate of atmospheric temperature with a traceable path to absolute standards and well‐characterized structural uncertainty. While the radiosonde network is a longstanding validation reference for sounder temperature profile retrievals, GPS RO has the advantage of homogeneous global coverage that is unbiased toward land or ocean and has the potential of high absolute accuracy in the upper troposphere to middle stratosphere where little water vapor is present. The polar orbiting sounders utilize cross‐track scanning in highly repeatable Sun‐synchronous orbits, while GPS RO is characterized by pseudorandom sampling in time and space. A comparison approach is described which minimizes sampling uncertainties. The impact of including the horizontal averaging inherent in the RO measurements on the statistical validation is shown. In order to demonstrate the method, bias and RMS vertical profiles have been created for global latitude zones for a range of time intervals using NASA Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) Level 2 products compared to dry temperature measurements made by the U.S./Taiwan Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC) network. The bias and RMS error profiles are shown to depend strongly on the vertical averaging applied to the difference profiles but are relatively insensitive to horizontal and temporal mismatch.
On the second order statistics for GPS ionospheric scintillation modeling
Authors: de Oliveira Moraes Alison , de Paula Eurico Rodrigues , de Assis Honorato Muella Marcio Tadeu , Perrella Waldecir João 
Published: January 2014

AbstractEquatorial ionospheric scintillation is a phenomenon that occurs frequently, typically during nighttime, affecting radio signals that propagate through the ionosphere. Depending on the temporal and spatial distribution, ionospheric scintillation can represent a problem in the availability and precision for the Global Navigation Satellite System's users. This work is concerned with the statistical evaluation of the amplitude ionospheric scintillation fading events, namely, level crossing rate (LCR) and average fading duration (AFD). Using α‐μ model, the LCR and AFD are validated against experimental data obtained in São José dos Campos (23.1°S; 45.8°W; dip latitude 17.3°S), Brazil, a station located near the southern crest of the ionospheric equatorial ionization anomaly. The amplitude scintillation data were collected between December 2001 and January 2002, a period of high solar flux conditions. The obtained results with the proposed model fitted quite well with the experimental data and performed better when compared to the widely used Nakagami‐m model. Additionally, this work discusses the estimation of α and μ parameters, and the best fading coefficients found in this analysis are related to scintillation severity. Finally, for theoretical situations in which no set of experimental data are available, this work also presents parameterized equations to describe these fading statistics properly.
Transient management of a supervisory fault‐tolerant control scheme based on dwell‐time conditions
Authors: Cieslak Jérôme , Efimov Denis , Henry David 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYThe paper deals with the design of an active fault‐tolerant control strategy based on the supervisory control approach technique for linear time invariant MIMO systems affected by disturbances, measurement noise, and faults. From a bank of Luenberger observers that plays the role of a fault detection and isolation scheme, the supervisory algorithm aims at selecting the suitable fault‐tolerant controller by means of a hysteresis‐based switching mechanism. Based on dwell‐time conditions, Lyapunov global exponential stability is addressed, and it is shown how transient behaviors due to the inherent interactions between fault detection and isolation, fault‐tolerant control, and the reconfiguration mechanism can be improved. The main advantage with respect to existing solutions of open literature is relative to a simple parameterization of all controllers (possibly having different state dimensions, integral action, and/or unstable poles) in order to cope with bumps and undesirable transients when (possible multiple) switches occur. Moreover, it is shown that it is possible to improve (reduce) the dwell‐time value in some cases. The efficiency of the approach is demonstrated on the academic highly maneuverable technology benchmark. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.