bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary Large Cell Carcinoma Lacking Squamous Differentiation Is Clinicopathologically Indistinguishable From Solid-Subtype Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hwang David H. , Szeto David P. , Perry Anthony S. , Bruce Jacqueline L. , Sholl Lynette M. 
Published: June 2013

Context
Pulmonary large cell carcinoma (LCC) includes tumors not readily diagnosed as adenocarcinoma (ADC) or squamous cell carcinoma on morphologic grounds, without regard to immunophenotype, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). This ambiguous designation may cause confusion over selection of mutation testing and directed therapies. Several groups have proposed the use of immunohistochemistry (IHC) to recategorize LCC as ADC or squamous cell carcinoma; however, it remains unclear if strictly defined LCCs are a clinicopathologically distinct lung tumor subset.

Objective
—To compare the pathologic, molecular, and clinical features of 2 morphologically similar tumors: solid-subtype ADC and LCC.

Design
Tumors were included on the basis of solid growth pattern; tumors with squamous or neuroendocrine differentiation were excluded. Solid ADC (n = 42) and LCC (n = 57) were diagnosed by using WHO criteria (5 intracellular mucin droplets in ≥2 high-power fields for solid ADC) and tested for KRAS, EGFR, and ALK alterations.

Results
—Both solid ADC and LCC groups were dominated by tumors with “undifferentiated”-type morphology and both had a high frequency of thyroid transcription factor 1 expression. KRAS was mutated in 38% of solid ADCs versus 43% of LCCs (P = .62). One ALK-rearranged and 1 EGFR-mutated tumor were detected in the solid ADC and LCC groups, respectively. There were no significant differences in clinical features or outcomes; the prevalence of smoking in both groups was greater than 95%.

Conclusions
Other than a paucity of intracellular mucin, LCC lacking squamous or neuroendocrine differentiation is indistinguishable from solid-subtype ADC. We propose the reclassification of these tumors as mucin-poor solid adenocarcinomas.
Two‐Photon Excitation Microscopy for the Study of Living Cells and Tissues
Authors: Benninger Richard K.P. , Piston David W. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTwo‐photon excitation microscopy is an alternative to confocal microscopy that provides advantages for three‐dimensional and deep tissue imaging. This unit will describe the basic physical principles behind two‐photon excitation and discuss the advantages and limitations of its use in laser‐scanning microscopy. The principal advantages of two‐photon microscopy are reduced phototoxicity, increased imaging depth, and the ability to initiate highly localized photochemistry in thick samples. Practical considerations for the application of two‐photon microscopy will then be discussed, including recent technological advances. This unit will conclude with some recent applications of two‐photon microscopy that highlight the key advantages over confocal microscopy and the types of experiments which would benefit most from its application. Curr. Protoc. Cell Biol. 59:4.11.1‐4.11.24. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Image Correlation Spectroscopy for Measurements of Particle Densities and Colocalization
Authors: Rappaz Benjamin , Wiseman Paul W. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCells interact with their environment through receptor proteins expressed at their plasma membrane, and protein‐protein interactions govern the transduction of signals across the membrane into the cell. Therefore, the ability to measure receptor densities and protein colocalization within the membrane of intact cells is of paramount importance. This unit describes a technique to extract these parameters from fluorescence microscopy images obtained using a commercial confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and other similar types of microscopes. It is based on the analysis of spatial fluorescence intensity fluctuations in the images, which can then be related to particle density and aggregation state via calculation of a spatial autocorrelation function, or used to measure particle colocalization via calculation of a spatial cross‐correlation function from dual‐color images of proteins tagged with two different fluorophores and imaged in two detection channels. These parameters offer key insights on the interaction of the cell with its environment. Curr. Protoc. Cell Biol. 59:4.27.1‐4.27.15. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Stimuli‐Responsive Materials with Self‐Healing Antifouling Surface via 3D Polymer Grafting
Authors: Kuroki Hidenori , Tokarev Ihor , Nykypanchuk Dmytro , Zhulina Ekaterina , Minko Sergiy 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA novel stimuli‐responsive material is reported with the self‐healing antifouling surface via 3D polymer grafting. The self‐healing surface is generated from a polymer network and polymeric chains grafted both to the surface of the network and inside the host network material. In the conventional approach to an antifouling surface via grafting of polymer brushes, the degradation and detachment of grafted polymeric chains would expose the underlying layer, leading to a loss of the antifouling effect. If a substantial fraction of the grafted polymers is degraded and detached, the proposed material with 3D polymer grafting retains its antifouling property due to the spontaneous (driven by an emerging gradient in a chemical potential) replacement of detached or damaged polymeric chains with segments of the chains stored inside the film in proximity to the interface. The pH‐responsive poly(2‐vinylpyridine) films with the 3D grafting of poly(ethylene oxide) in physiological conditions (pH 7.4 and 37 °C) demonstrate a 4‐fold increase in longevity of antifouling behavior than the material with the surface grafted polymer. At the same time, the 3D grafted responsive films retain their pH‐responsive properties. The proposed 3D polymer‐grafting can be carried out on various surfaces (polymers, nanofiber mats, nanoporous inorganic materials, etc.) and, hence, can aid in the design of advanced biointerfaces for biomedical and biotechnological applications.
Bio‐inspirierte kinetische Fassade für den Themenpavillon “One Ocean” EXPO 2012 in Yeosu, Korea
Authors: Knippers Jan , Jungjohann Hauke , Scheible Florian , Oppe Matthias 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDer von SOMA Architecture aus Wien, Österreich entworfene Themenpavillon “One Ocean” ist eines der wichtigsten Gebäude der Expo 2012 in Yeosu, Korea. Die dem Expo‐Gelände und dem Haupteingang zugewandte Seite ist von einer kiemenartigen, mit LED bestückten beweglichen Medienfassade geprägt. Sie stellt einen gestalterischen Bezug zum Meer her und ermöglicht die Lichtsteuerung des Gebäudes.Grundlage der Entwicklung der kinetischen Fassade war die Analyse natürlicher Bewegungsprinzipien. Die Verwendung von glasfaserverstärkten Kunststoffen (GfK) erlaubt große reversible elastische Verformungen und ermöglicht somit eine komplett neue Interpretation wandelbarer Strukturen.Bio‐inspired kinetic façade for the thematic pavilion “One Ocean” EXPO 2012 in Yeosu, KoreaThe Thematic Pavilion “One Ocean”, designed by SOMA Architecture, Vienna, is a major and permanent building for the Expo 2012 in Yeosu, Korea. The façade facing the expo area and the main entrance is conducted as kinetic media façade symbolizing the gills of a fish. The façade therefore illustrates the theme of the Expo “The living ocean and coast” very well.Development of the kinetic media façade was inspired by flexible deformation principles found in plant movements. The project is a role model for a novel application of glass fiber reinforced polymers (GFRP) for deployable structures as well as for advanced biomimetic research and design.
Wässrige Milieus. Ökologische Perspektiven in Meeresbiologie und Aquarienkunde um 1900
Authors: Wessely Christina 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWatery Milieux. Ecological Perspectives in Marine Biology and Aquarium Studies around 1900. The paper focuses on the research spaces of marine biology around the turn of the 20th century and argues that the aquarium played a decisive role in shaping the notions of environment and ambience, ‘milieu’ and ‘Umwelt’. By “virtually pushing” biologists to pay attention to the relations between organisms and their surroundings, the aquarium can be understood as a material inspiration for ecological theory formation and as a structural point of reference for thinking about the properties and range of environments. By focusing both on the academic discourse and on popular ‘Aquarienkunde’ the paper thus describes how marine biological studies became an important arena for the formation of modern ecology.
Spiegelbilder vom Meeresgrund. Leopold Blaschkas marine Aquarien
Authors: Huber Florian 
Published: June 2013

AbstractReflections from the Ocean Floor. Leopold Blaschka's Marine Aquaria. The paper focuses on the glass models of marine invertebrates by Leopold Blaschka (1822–1895). In the beginning of his career, Blaschka did not produce stand‐alone scientific models. Instead, he chose to create “marine aquaria”, i.e. dry fish tanks filled with artificial sea creatures, to promote and present his glass objects to the public. This concept was clearly inspired by the work of the British naturalist Philip Henry Gosse (1810–1888). By describing the influence of Gosse's work, the paper argues that the aquarium served as a tool to display and organize Blaschka's early models.
Die Hygiene der Stadtfische und das wilde Leben in der Wasserleitung. Zum Verhältnis von Aquarium und Stadt im 19. Jahrhundert
Authors: Vennen Mareike 
Published: June 2013

AbstractHygienic Domestication of Urban Fish and the Wild Life in the Water Pipes. Home Aquaria and the City in the Nineteenth Century. The paper focuses on the interrelations between the domestic aquarium and its urban environment in the second half of the nineteenth century. It argues that the city plays a crucial role in the invention and history of the aquarium. Not only is the material culture of the aquarium a product of urban technologies and infrastructure; the aquarium's early definition as a confined and closed, self‐contained and purified space can be seen as a response to increasing environmental problems, particularly urban water and air pollution. The paper describes how the aquarium and the city together form a laboratory for the exploration of new sanitary and climatic techniques in terms of ventilation and water supply. Furthermore, the paper stresses the crucial role that early amateur aquarium‐keeping plays in the practical construction and regulation of artificial environments as well as in the historical and theoretical reformulation of fundamental notions such as dynamic balance and models of circulation. Getting more and more intertwined on a material and discursive level, the aquarium and its urban environment not only provide specific habitats where the living conditions of humans and animals can be studied. In fact, both become objects and simultaneously media of sanitarian programmes in the name of public health.
Identification of Receptor‐Interacting Regions of Vitellogenin within Evolutionarily Conserved β‐Sheet Structures by Using a Peptide Array
Authors: Roth Ziv , Weil Simy , Aflalo Eliahu D. , Manor Rivka , Sagi Amir , Khalaila Isam 
Published: June 2013

AbstractVitellogenesis, a key process in oviparous animals, is characterized by enhanced synthesis of the lipoprotein vitellogenin, which serves as the major yolk‐protein precursor. In most oviparous animals, and specifically in crustaceans, vitellogenin is mainly synthesized in the hepatopancreas, secreted to the hemolymph, and taken up into the ovary by receptor‐mediated endocytosis. In the present study, localization of the vitellogenin receptor and its interaction with vitellogenin were investigated in the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. The receptor was immuno‐histochemically localized to the cell periphery and around yolk vesicles. A receptor blot assay revealed that the vitellogenin receptor interacts with most known vitellogenin subunits, the most prominent being the 79 kDa subunit. The receptor was, moreover, able to interact with trypsin‐digested vitellogenin peptides. By combining a novel peptide‐array approach with tandem mass spectrometry, eleven vitellogenin‐derived peptides that interacted with the receptor were identified. A 3D model of vitellogenin indicated that four of the identified peptides are N‐terminally localized. One of the peptides is homologous to the receptor‐recognized site of vertebrate vitellogenin, and assumes a conserved β‐sheet structure. These findings suggest that this specific β‐sheet region in the vitellogenin N‐terminal lipoprotein domain is the receptor‐interacting site, with the rest of the protein serving to enhance affinity for the receptor. The conservation of the receptor recognition site in invertebrate and vertebrate vitellogenin might have vast implications for oviparous species reproduction, development, immunity, and pest management.
In Situ Aberration‐Corrected Environmental TEM: Reduction of Model Co3O4 in H2 at the Atomic Level
Authors: Ward Michael R. , Boyes Edward D. , Gai Pratibha L. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractUnderstanding the dynamic evolution of structural changes in catalysts at the atomic level under controlled reaction conditions is one of the most challenging areas in heterogeneous catalysis. Here we present aberration‐corrected environmental TEM at the atomic level and electron diffraction of the reduction of model Co3O4 catalysts in H2 to directly observe the dynamic phase evolution in the reduction process. New insights into the reduction of Co3O4 to the intermediate CoO include the formation of an advancing atomic scale interface between Co3O4 and CoO regions. The interface penetrates further into the Co3O4 crystal, with the CoO regions replacing the previous Co3O4 structure, with increasing reduction. The reduction to CoO proceeds at approximately 200 °C at rounded edges containing atomic steps on the surfaces. The interfaces are observed in crystals larger than approximately 15 nm in size but not in smaller crystals, which indicates the rapid reduction of smaller nanoparticles. The most dramatic changes are observed at 350 °C in larger crystals of size 50 nm.
Axis‐Oriented, Continuous Anatase Titania Films with Exposed Reactive {100} Facets
Authors: Van Thanh‐Khue , Nguyen Cuong Ky , Kang Young Soo 
Published: June 2013

AbstractHomogeneous TiO2 single crystals with high exposure of {100} reactive facets were constructed as a seed monolayer on transparent conductive substrates with the desired orientation of reactive facets. A secondary growth process was subsequently carried out on the monolayer seed film to form an axis‐oriented continuous reactive film. Performing secondary growth with different precursors led to optimized conditions for high‐performance photoelectrochemical activity of anatase TiO2 films. Experimental techniques such as UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, high‐resolution SEM, and photoelectrochemistry were used to characterize the structural, optical, and photoelectrochemical properties of the as‐synthesized films. As a photoanode in a photoelectrochemical cell, the axis‐oriented reactive film shows a maximum photocurrent density of 0.3 mA cm−2, as opposed to 0.075 mA cm−2 for non‐axis‐oriented (randomly oriented) TiO2 film.
Dimensional Control of Block Copolymer Nanofibers with a π‐Conjugated Core: Crystallization‐Driven Solution Self‐Assembly of Amphiphilic Poly(3‐hexylthiophene)‐b‐poly(2‐vinylpyridine)
Authors: Gwyther Jessica , Gilroy Joe B. , Rupar Paul A. , Lunn David J. , Kynaston Emily , Patra Sanjib K. , Whittell George R. , Winnik Mitchell A. , Manners Ian 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWith the aim of accessing colloidally stable, fiberlike, π‐conjugated nanostructures of controlled length, we have studied the solution self‐assembly of two asymmetric crystalline–coil, regioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene)‐b‐poly(2‐vinylpyridine) (P3HT‐b‐P2VP) diblock copolymers, P3HT23‐b‐P2VP115 (block ratio=1:5) and P3HT44‐b‐P2VP115 (block ratio=ca. 1:3). The self‐assembly studies were performed under a variety of solvent conditions that were selective for the P2VP block. The block copolymers were prepared by using Cu‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition reactions of azide‐terminated P2VP and alkyne end‐functionalized P3HT homopolymers. When the block copolymers were self‐assembled in a solution of a 50 % (v/v) mixture of THF (a good solvent for both blocks) and an alcohol (a selective solvent for the P2VP block) by means of the slow evaporation of the common solvent; fiberlike micelles with a P3HT core and a P2VP corona were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The average lengths of the micelles were found to increase as the length of the hydrocarbon chain increased in the P2VP‐selective alcoholic solvent (MeOH<iPrOH<nBuOH). Very long (>3 μm) fiberlike micelles were prepared by the dialysis of solutions of the block copolymers in THF against iPrOH. Furthermore the widths of the fibers were dependent on the degree of polymerization of the chain‐extended P3HT blocks. The crystallinity and π‐conjugated nature of the P3HT core in the fiberlike micelles was confirmed by a combination of UV/Vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) measurements, and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS). Intense sonication (iPrOH, 1 h, 0 °C) of the fiberlike micelles formed by P3HT23‐b‐P2VP115 resulted in small (ca. 25 nm long) stublike fragments that were subsequently used as initiators in seeded growth experiments. Addition of P3HT23‐b‐P2VP115 unimers to the seeds allowed the preparation of fiberlike micelles with narrow length distributions (Lw/Ln <1.11) and lengths from about 100‐300 nm, that were dependent on the unimer‐to‐seed micelle ratio.
A prospective, phase 1/2 study of everolimus and temozolomide in patients with advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor
Authors: Chan Jennifer A. , Blaszkowsky Lawrence , Stuart Keith , Zhu Andrew X. , Allen Jill , Wadlow Raymond , Ryan David P. , Meyerhardt Jeffrey , Gonzalez Marielle , Regan Eileen , Zheng Hui , Kulke Matthew H. 
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUNDBoth everolimus and temozolomide are associated with single‐agent activity in patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (NET). A phase 1/2 study was performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of temozolomide in combination with everolimus in patients who have advanced pancreatic NET.METHODSPatients were treated with temozolomide at a dose of 150 mg/m2 per day on days 1 through 7 and days 15 through 21 in combination with everolimus daily in each 28‐day cycle. In cohort 1, temozolomide was administered together with everolimus at 5 mg daily. Following demonstration of safety in this cohort, subsequent patients in cohort 2 were treated with temozolomide plus everolimus at 10 mg daily. The duration of temozolomide treatment was limited to 6 months. Patients were followed for toxicity, radiologic and biochemical response, and survival.RESULTSA total of 43 patients were enrolled, including 7 in cohort 1 and 36 in cohort 2. Treatment was associated with known toxicities of each drug; no synergistic toxicities were observed. Among 40 evaluable patients, 16 (40%) experienced a partial response. The median progression‐free survival duration was 15.4 months. Median overall survival was not reached.CONCLUSIONSTemozolomide and everolimus can be safely administered together in patients with advanced pancreatic NET, and the combination is associated with encouraging antitumor activity. Future studies evaluating the efficacy of combination therapy compared to treatment with either agent alone are warranted. Cancer 2013;119:3212–3218. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
The impact of radiographic retropharyngeal adenopathy in oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Gunn G. Brandon , Debnam J. Matthew , Fuller Clifton D. , Morrison William H. , Frank Steven J. , Beadle Beth M. , Sturgis Erich M. , Glisson Bonnie S. , Phan Jack , Rosenthal David I. , Garden Adam S. 
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUNDWe performed this study to define the incidence of radiographic retropharyngeal lymph node (RPLN) involvement in oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) and its impact on clinical outcomes, neither of which has been well established to date.METHODSOur departmental database was queried for patients irradiated for OPC between 2001 and 2007. Analyzable patients were those with imaging data available for review to determine radiographic RPLN status. Demographic, clinical, and outcome data were retrieved and analyzed.RESULTSThe cohort consisted of 981 patients. The median follow‐up was 69 months. The base of the tongue (47%) and the tonsil (46%) were the most common primary sites. The majority of patients had stage T1 to T2 primary tumors (64%), and 94% had stage 3 to 4B disease. Intensity‐modulated radiation therapy was used in 77% of patients, and systemic therapy was administered in 58% of patients. The incidence of radiographic RPLN involvement was 10% and was highest for the pharyngeal wall (23%) and lowest for the base of the tongue (6%). RPLN adenopathy correlated with several patient and tumor factors. RPLN involvement was associated with poorer 5‐year outcomes on univariate analysis (P<.001 for all) for local control (79% vs 92%), nodal control (80% vs 93%), recurrence‐free survival (51% vs 81%), distant metastases‐free survival (66% vs 89%), and overall survival (52% vs 82%) and maintained significance on multivariate analysis for local control (P = .023), recurrence‐free survival (P = .001), distant metastases‐free survival (P = .003), and overall survival (P = .001).CONCLUSIONSIn this cohort of nearly 1000 patients with radiographic RPLN adenopathy in OPC, RPLN involvement was observed in 10% of patients and indicates a negative influence on disease recurrence, distant relapse, and survival. In this cohort of nearly 1000 patients investigating radiographic RPLN adenopathy in OPC, RPLN involvement was observed in 10% of patients and portends a negative influence on disease recurrence, distant relapse, and survival. Cancer 2013;119:3162–3169. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Sperm‐Activating Odorous Substances in Human Follicular Fluid and Vaginal Secretion: Identification by Gas Chromatography–Olfactometry and Ca2+ Imaging
Authors: Hartmann Constanze , Triller Annika , Spehr Marc , Dittrich Ralf , Hatt Hanns , Buettner Andrea 
Published: June 2013

AbstractHuman sperm chemotaxis to follicular fluid has been well established, but the molecular mechanism(s) for this phenomenon are still largely unclear. Studies indicate that odorant receptors expressed on spermatozoa could play a role in this scenario. It has recently been shown that several synthetic floral scents activate the receptors OR1D2, OR4D1, and OR7A5 in vitro and evoke distinct sperm motility patterns in vivo. However, all agonists found so far are of synthetic origin and, thus, the presence of endogenous structural analogues in female bodily fluids is subject to speculation. Therefore, the aim of the study reported herein was to investigate the occurrence of odor compounds in vaginal secretions and follicular fluid by using gas chromatography–olfactometry. Chemically identified constituents of either bodily fluid were then analyzed for activation of recombinant chemoreceptors and candidate ligands were further tested for induction of sperm Ca2+ signals. Through using this approach, two novel odorant receptor–ligand pairs are reported and human sperm Ca2+ elevations in response to both odorous substances, namely 5α‐androst‐16‐en‐3‐one and 4‐hydroxy‐2,5‐dimethyl‐3(2H)‐furanone, are shown.