bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applicability of Narrow Band Image to Diagnose Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease
Authors: Niwa Hideo , Horihata Satoshi , Makiyama Yasuhide 
Published: February 2015

Objective1) To develop the applicability of nasopharyngeal epithelial cell with Narrow Band Image (NBI) to diagnose laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD). 2) Estimate a correlation between a new questionnaire (Frequency Scale for the Symptom of the GERD; FSSG) and LPRD.MethodWe have 88 patients who underwent NBI using FSSG. Because of the pattern of nasopharyngeal epithelial cell NBI image, we distinguished grade 1: nothing, grade 2: moderate, and grade 3: severe. All patients answered the FSSG questionnaire and were administered a PPI (rabeprazole10 mg). Student t test was used to compare each category out of 12 questions of FSSG for LPRD patients.ResultsAverage age of patients was 59.3 years old. Sixty‐nine (78%) patients were detected with grade 2 (46 pts) and grade 3 (23 pts). Nasopharyngeal epithelial cell with NBI showed a specific feature, which nasopharyngeal epithelial round cells were modulated capillary cells raised among LPRD patients. We presumptively call the pattern mackerel cloud pattern. Patients who indicated grade 3 showed higher score in FSSG. “Do you have an unusual (eg, burning) sensation in your throat?” category of 12 questions of FSSG showed a significant difference.ConclusionWe could show that nasopharyngeal epithelial cell pattern with NBI would be a useful and specific feature to diagnose the LPRD. FSSG is not only used for GERD; it also may be used for LPRD clinically.We are currently confirming nasopharyngeal epithelial cell images using digital image analyzer (Wavelet analyzer).
Acquired Occipital Neuralgia following Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Burgette Ryan C. , Leonetti John P. , Marzo Sam J. , Driscoll Bridget 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveSkull base surgery may cause traction, thermal injury, or scar encasement of the occipital nerve. This may result in delayed or persistent pain in this region. We will outline our findings and long‐term results in patients who underwent decompression of the occipital nerve following various approaches to skull base tumors.MethodA retrospective review of 10 patients was performed. 6 of these patients underwent occipital nerve decompression while the remaining 4 were treated with local anesthetic injections. Primary outcomes were subjective relief of pain. The electronic health records, operative reports, and medications were reviewed from July 2000 to February 2012.ResultsTen patients were reviewed. Six of these patients underwent surgical occipital nerve decompression. Following surgery, 3 of these patients had complete pain relief, 1 with marked improvement, 1 with slight improvement and 1 with only 4 days of pain resolution. All 6 patients had some degree of scar encasement during exploration. Of the 4 patients undergoing local injections, one patient had multiple injections while the remaining 3 only had 1 injection. This relief lasted a maximum of 1 month. The patient requiring multiple injections also went on to undergo radiofrequency ablation of the nerve with 50% pain relief.ConclusionSkull base surgery carries a risk of occipital headaches due to potential nerve injury or adjacent scarring. There are options for the treatment of these pains but the majority are temporary. A surgical option of occipital nerve decompression should be presented to those looking for a more permanent option.
Aging and Linguistic Factors Influence on Speech Audiometry
Authors: Richard Celine , Tordella Laurent , Martin Christian H. , Roy Sandrine , Moulin Annie 
Published: February 2015

Objective1) Assess the influence of word familiarity, phonological neighborhood, and acoustic patterns on speech audiometry variability. 2) Evaluate the interaction between those factors and patients’ age and years of education.MethodPatients (n = 160) underwent otoscopy, tympanometry, pure‐tone, and speech audiometry. At an intensity level corresponding to a speech score between 40% and 60%, patients were presented 6 lists of 10 spondees, taken from a standard material used in France. Linguistic characteristics of the spondees and spectral acoustic patterns were characterized. PLS regression analysis was used to determine the factors influencing the percent score recognition for each word (PC).ResultsPC varied from 18% to 92%. PC rose significantly with word familiarity (r = 0.38, P =. 005) and 1 kHz frequency band amplitude of each word’s acoustic spectrum (r = 0.60, P =. 001). The percentage variability due to linguistic factors decreased significantly with age (from 30% below 50 years old to less than 10% above 60 years old), and with number of educational years (NEY; from 40% for NEY under 10 down to 18% for NEY above 10, for patients less than 50 years old). PC was significantly lower for spondees with large phonological neighborhood (F(1, 51) = 12, P =. 002), word familiarity being equal) for patients with NEY above 10.ConclusionWhen taken independently from hearing loss, variability in PC was explained mostly by linguistic factors, combined with age and years of education, hence the need of carefully considering those factors when conceiving speech audiometry material.
Demonstrating True DPOAE Modulation by the Efferent Pathway
Authors: Husain Inna 
Published: February 2015

Objective1) To isolate the distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) components using an ipsilateral and individualized suppressor tone. 2) To demonstrate the modulation of DPOAEs by the medial olivocochlear efferent pathway once component interference has been eliminated.MethodDPOAE (2f1‐f2 ) recordings using a frequency‐sweep paradigm with ipsilateral suppressor tones and CAS were made on 8 normal‐hearing subjects in a sound‐treated audiology booth from January to February 2012. Estimates of DPOAE level and phase were obtained using fast Fourier transform and least‐squares‐fit techniques.ResultsFine structure depth was significantly reduced with the use of an ideal ipsilateral suppressor tone, demonstrating the effectiveness of the suppressor tone at separating DPOAE components. In addition, once the DPOAE components were separated to remove phase interference, MOC activation resulted in consistent suppression of DPOAE level as compared to nonseparated DPOAE level which showed enhancement as well as suppression. These results help to support the theory of DPOAE component interference leading to enhancements often seen with efferent activation and to demonstrate a more consistent way to view DPOAE modulation by the efferent pathway.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that DPOAE fine structure enhancement seen with activation of the MOC pathway is likely due to DPOAE component interference as opposed to true DPOAE modulation. In addition, the results show that DPOAE component isolation can be achieved by an ipsilateral suppressor tone, however it must be individualized.
Diagnosis of Early Endolymphatic Hydrops
Authors: El Garem Hani F. , Mourad Mona 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveTo evaluate ear fullness as an early symptom of endolymphatic hydrops by relating it to enhanced SP/AP ratio on electrocochleography.MethodThe study that was conducted between January 2010 and January 2011 included 2 groups. Group I (20 patients) with normal hearing and complaint of ear fullness with no eustachian dysfunction and group II (10 persons) as healthy controls. Basic audiologic assessment and electrocochleography were done for both groups.ResultsIn group I, 100% of the patients had an enhanced SP/AP ratio in the ears with ear fullness in comparison to controls of group II. In group I, the SP/AP ratio ranged in 35 affected ears from 0.3 to 1.85 with a mean of 0.655 ± 0.325. In group II, the SP/AP ratio ranged in 20 ears from 0.25‐0.29 with a mean of 0.27 ± 0.11.ConclusionEar fullness can be an early sign of endolymphatic hydrops confirmed by electrocochleography leading to its early management.
Comparing Mannequin Upper Airway Anatomic Fidelity
Authors: Woo Jennifer A. , Malekzadeh Sonya , Malloy Kelly M. , Deutsch Ellen S. 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveEvaluate the anatomic fidelity of pediatric and adult mannequins commonly used in upper airway procedure training. Develop assessment criteria for future anatomic fidelity studies conducted among otolaryngologists and other airway specialists.MethodExperienced otolaryngologists assessed the anatomic fidelity of 8 mannequins (lettered A‐H) in a passive state (eg, no electronic augmentation), using rigid and flexible endoscopy and a 5‐point rating scale (5 = best). Ratings of the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus, and neck are displayed in a “spidergram.”ResultsEleven faculty otolaryngologists evaluated the realism of upper airway passive anatomic fidelity of 3 adult and 5 pediatric mannequins, during a 1‐day course. Mean scores and standard deviations were tabulated for each mannequin at each anatomic site, and displayed in “spidergrams.” Differences in scores allow comparison of mannequin anatomic fidelity by site (maximum range, 2.8 for nasopharynx) and by mannequin (maximum range, 2.1). Because of the small number of responses in this pilot study, mannequins are deidentified.ConclusionRatings by survey participants demonstrated variation in the anatomic fidelity of a range of commercially available mannequins. Spidergram display of the results may allow instructors to select mannequins with the best anatomic fidelity for their specific educational purposes and may contribute to recommendations for improving mannequin fidelity.
Disablement Index for Eustachian Tube Dysfunction
Authors: Yanez Carlos , Pirron Jose Antonio 
Published: February 2015

Objective1) To describe the development of the Disablement Index for Eustachian tube dysfunction (DIETD‐12), a preliminary and a final 12‐item survey (DIETD‐12) designed for the evaluation of the self‐perceived impact on disease‐specific Eustachian tube diseases. 2) To establish and validate the DIETD‐12 to evaluate patients with Eustachian tube diseases.MethodA 12‐item tool was developed and administered, and the results were analyzed in a prospective, controlled, review board–approved study. Forty‐eight ETD patients and 50 patients with no ET pathology participated. The survey measuring ET‐related health in physical, functional, and emotional domains was analyzed. Responses were compared to verify results and validation.ResultsFifty healthy patients (control group) and 48 patients with ETD completed the DIETD‐12 preoperatively and postoperatively. Patients improved an average of 41.2% postoperatively and analyses revealed a significant difference between preoperative and postoperative scores across all domains (P <. 001). Data showed a statistical change in DIETD‐12 scores postoperatively. Cronsbach alpha and Spearman correlation exhibited excellent test‐retest reliability and were obtained for the survey score (R = 0.87) with little random error on test‐retest on construct and validity of the measuring tool. The median survey score was 2.9 (96% confidence interval, 2.8‐3.1) of a maximum 8.0, with higher values indicating poorer quality of life.ConclusionThe DIETD‐12 has been rigorously validated. It is a valid measuring tool for patients with ETD, exhibiting good construct and content validity and proven to be strong when test‐retest stability was analyzed.The brevity and ease of administration make DIETD‐12 ideal for use in outcomes studies, clinical trials, and routine clinical care.
Does Combat Hearing Preservation Equipment Affect Balance?
Authors: Ambrosio Art A. , Hoffer Michael E. , Pfannenstiel Travis J. , Donaldson Chadwick J. 
Published: February 2015

Objective1) To investigate whether the occlusion effect produced by Department of Defense (DoD) Combat Arms Ear Plugs (CAEP) affects balance. 2) To investigate whether the noise‐canceling Nacre QuietPro system affects balance.MethodProspective study conducted from June to August 2010. Twenty subjects with normal hearing and balance function were tested with blackened goggles in 3 conditions—no hearing protection, CAEP, and with the Nacre QuietPro.ResultsAn AMTI Forceplate was used to measure the 20 individuals’ average angular acceleration during a period of 20 seconds. The order of the conditions given was randomized for each individual. The mean angular acceleration for no hearing protection, CAEP, and the Nacre QuietPro conditions were 0.65, 0.69, and 0.70, respectively (1‐way ANOVA, P =. 706), showing a nonsignificant trend between the unprotected and protected conditions.ConclusionThe components of an intact balance system include a variety of neural inputs, to include visual, auditory, and proprioceptive cues. Both the CAEP and Nacre QuietPro are combat hearing preservation devices currently deployed by the DoD in Afghanistan. Our pilot data show no decrement in balance with their utilization.
Effects of Japanese Herbal Medicine on MRSA Otitis
Authors: Kanoh Naoyuki 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveEstablish new treatment for patients with MRSA infected ears without using anti‐MRSA antibiotics, in order to not produce new resistant bacteria to the anti‐MRSA antibio‐tics. Japanese herbal medicines have never produced any new resistant bacteria, and some agents have anti‐MRSA function.MethodThree concurrent therapies using 2 local treatments, ear irrigation with normal saline and nasal povidone iodine gel treatment, and Japanese herbal medicine administration were applied 3 times a week to 14 patients with MRSA‐infected ears. In this study, we first selected Hocchuekikitou as Japanese herbal medicine.ResultsIn 11 patients, MRSA successfully disappeared after several weeks and the infection was also controlled. However, 3 patients were cured after changing Japanese herbal medicine from Hocchuekikitou to Jyuzentaihotou. The mucous membrane of the tympanic cavity which can be observed through tympanic perforation was normal. Therefore, tympanoplasty was easily performed under the normal noninfectious condition after the present combined treatments and postoperative course were fairly good.ConclusionThe present new combined therapy, concurrent 2 local treatments and Japanese herbal administration, is useful for the MRSA infected ears.
Etiology of 26 Cases with Progressive Bilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Kishimoto Ippei , Yamazaki Hiroshi , Naito Yasushi , Shinohara Shogo , Fujiwara Keizo , Kikuchi Masahiro , Kurihara Risa 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveTo reveal the causes of rapidly progressive bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), too fast to be age‐related degeneration, and too slow to be sudden sensorineural hearing loss.MethodWe retrospectively evaluated 26 patients with bilateral progressive HL who visited our hospital from 2007 to 2011. We excluded the patients with bilateral Ménière’ss disease and acute low‐tone SNHL from our study.ResultsWe diagnosed 5 cases with immune‐mediated inner ear disease (IMIED) such as vasculitis, 5 with functional HL, 4 with intracranial diseases including nonbacterial meningitis, lymphoma, and siderosis, and 1 with drug‐induced HL. We could not identify causes in the remaining 11 cases. HL was one of the first symptoms in 10 of 11 cases with IMIED and intracranial diseases. Treatments including steroid administration achieved significant hearing recovery in 4 cases, including 3 with IMIED and 1 with lymphoma.ConclusionWe revealed that the bilateral progressive HL was often the first symptom of systemic or intracranial diseases. Screening for systemic and intracranial diseases is, thus, important for adequate treatment at early stage of disease.
Current Indications and Outcomes of the Adult Tonsillectomy
Authors: Hsu Nicole M. , Kacker Ashutosh 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveWhile there have been numerous studies on tonsillectomies for the pediatric population, there are few studies focused on tonsillectomies performed on adult patients. We sought to determine the current indications for adult tonsillectomy and to examine factors associated with postoperative complications.MethodMedical records of 184 patients aged >18 years who underwent tonsillectomy in an academic general otolaryngology practice from 2006 to 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. There were 185 tonsillectomies performed (149 total tonsillectomies [TT] and 36 partial intracapsular tonsillectomies [PIT]); 1 patient underwent primary and revision tonsillectomy.ResultsIndications for TT were 58.4% infection (71.3% recurrent, 9.2% tonsilliths/halitosis, and 19.5% recurrent and tonsilliths/halitosis), 34.2% upper airway obstruction, 3.4% obstruction/infection, and 4.0% other medical. Indications for PIT were 77.8% infection (28.6% recurrent, 50.0% tonsilliths/halitosis, and 21.4% recurrent and tonsilliths/halitosis), 19.4% upper airway obstruction, and 2.8% obstruction/infection. Complication rates were 16.5% for infection, 6.9% for upper airway obstruction, 16.7% for obstruction and infection, and 0% for other medical reasons. Complications occurred in 14.8% of TT (72.7% hemorrhage, 27.3% dehydration) and in 5.6% PIT (hemorrhage). No significant difference in complication rate was noted for technique (P =. 17) or indication (P =. 21).ConclusionWhile recurrent infection remains the most common indication for adult tonsillectomy, there is a growing rate of tonsillectomies performed for upper airway obstruction. Complication rates varied according to indication for surgery and surgical technique (total versus partial intracapsular); however, neither was found to significantly increase risk of postoperative complications.
Multiple Otosclerotic Foci: Impact on Cochlear Function
Authors: Richard Celine , Doherty Joni K. , Treadway Jamie P. , Fayad Jose N. , Linthicum Frederick H. 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveQuantify and illustrate the location of otosclerosic foci using morphologic images and 3D reconstruction. Evaluate the impact of multiple otosclerotic foci on hearing loss.MethodWe investigated our histopathological collection to identify all the temporal bones with: 1) oval window otosclerosis (n = 200), 2) oval window and multiple otosclerotic foci (n = 35), 3) oval window plus cochlear otosclerosis (n = 133), and 4) oval window foci with cochlear and multiple other otosclerotic foci (n = 31). Foci were tabulated for each specimen. Cochlear function (hearing) and morphology (otosclerotic foci quantity and location) were compared.ResultsOf 574 temporal bones with evidence of otosclerosis, 67 had multiple foci. Ectopic foci were found in the internal auditory canal, the peri‐carotid area, semicircular canals and anterior to the cochlea. There was no influence of the number of foci (not involving the cochlea) on hearing loss and cochlear morphology.ConclusionThis is the first systematic evaluation of the number and location of ectopic multiple otosclerotic foci. As previously reported, there is a relationship between cochlear otosclerosis and sensorineural hearing loss, however the addition of other foci does not affect hearing.
New Route for Stem Cell Transplantation into the Cochlea
Authors: Bae Seong‐Cheon , Park Kyoung‐Ho , Park Shi‐Nae , Yeo Sang‐Won 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveCell transplantation provides a potential method to replace the irreversible loss of auditory hair cells and neurons. In this study, we will prove the intravenous route of stem cell transplantation to the inner ear and the efficacy of the umbilical cord blood‐derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in hearing restoration of deaf animal model.MethodAbout 100,000 umbilical cord blood‐derived mesenchymal stem cells which were tagged as PKH26 were infused to deaf guinea pigs intravenously. After 1 week and 3 weeks, auditory brainstem response test was checked and we obtained a guinea pig cochlea. A cryosection of each cochlea every 120 μm was obtained and we calculated stem cells for 3 sections of each animal.ResultsNo hearing gain was shown after stem cell transplantation, but PKH26 tagging mesenchymal stem cell was found in Modiolus, Rosenthal’s canals and organ of Corti. Cells were not found in scala tympani, scala media, and scala vestibuli. Average number of cells in the inner ear was about 88 cells (59‐123 cells/section). Most cells were found in spiral ganglion and migrated into the organ of Corti.ConclusionIn this study, we demonstrated that cord blood‐derived mesenchymal stem cells could be delivered into the inner ear with intravenous infusion. Based on these results, intravenous injection of stem cells may be used in the treatment of sensorineural hearing loss, regeneration of the auditory hair cells, and neurons.
New Surgical Approach for Lateralized Tympanic Membranes
Authors: Narui Yuya 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveLateralization of the tympanic membrane (TM) is a condition in which the visible surface of the TM is located lateral to the bony annular ring and loses contact with the ossicular chain of the middle ear. This condition typically occurs as a complication of otological surgery. Surgical correction of the lateralized TM and restoration of hearing may pose some problems because the grafts tend to relateralize after the revision. Though we have performed that surgical correction in our hospital, we have not had good success. Therefore we have changed our way of technique.MethodWe now use a custom‐made ceramic columella which is 2 times longer than the one we had previously used. It now directly reaches the lateralized TM from the stapes, instead of changing the position of the lateralized TM.ResultsThe merit of this approach is that relateralizing never occurs because we do not change the position of the TM. Some patients have improved hearing over 30 dB. The demerit of this approach is that the columellae sometimes fall or break through the eardrum because it is difficult to adjust the length because of long distance. So we have tried to work out the solution by accurately measuring the distance in units of 0.1 mm between the lateralized TM and stapes by using a 3D cone‐beam CT. We also measure the distance throughout the operation.ConclusionThough there is a short observation period, we have had good success with this approach. We will report our new surgical approach details with some case reports.
Otoacustic Emission Test Abnormalities among Teenagers
Authors: Sampaio Andre L.L. , Silva Valéria G. , Oliveira Carlos A.C.P. , Tauil Pedro L. , Jansen Glaucia M. B. 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of injury of outer hair cells by means of transient evoked otoacoustic emission and distortion product evoked otoacoustic emission tests among teenagers of a private high school in Brazil.MethodSurvey study. We performed transient evoced otoacoustic emission and distortion product evoced otoacoustic emission tests in 134 young individuals from January to December 2011. We analyzed the results according to the “pass/fail” criterion for the parameters amplitude of the signal and signal/noise ratio.ResultsA total of 80.6% of 134 participants had abnormal transient otoacoustic emissions and most were men (92.9%; P <. 05). In all, 97.8% showed abnormal distortion product otoacoustic emissions and no difference regarding the gender (P =. 2). A total of 79.9% showed abnormalities in both transient and distortion product in at least 1 ear, most were men (P <. 05). In sum, 94.0% reported the use of headphones, and 82.8% reported attending some type of place with amplified music.ConclusionThe high prevalence of abnormal tests could early indicate a cochlear dysfunction, and the high number of participants who reported being exposed to loud music leads to suspicion that this habit might be causing these cochlear changes.