bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating Seismic and Well Data into Highly Detailed Reservoir Model through AVA Geostatistical Inversion
Authors: Sulistiono Denny , Vaughan Richard , Ali Mohamed , Rasoulzadeh Shervin 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Building a reservoir model by integrating seismic angle stacks and well data has been challenging for oil and gas companies. Seismic data contain very detailed information of reservoir properties lateraly but lack vertical resolution while well data provide very detailed information vertically but lack horizontal information. One established method of integrating these two kinds of data is deterministic seismic inversion. Deterministic seismic inversion has proven to be a good method in delineating the reservoirs at seismic resolution but it has limitation in analyzing thin reservoirs and it only pruduced one result. Geostatistical seismic inversion method has the ability to integrate many types of data and produce multiple relaizations of the results. The realizations are at much higher details than seismic data and are able to capture thin reservoirs.
An AVA geostatistical seismic inversion workflow was successfully implemented to produce highly detailed reservoir models of Abu Madi reservoir sands in Nile delta, Egypt. Abu Madi Formation is composed of lacustrine turbidite deposits in semi-isolated basin and can be subdivided into Upper and Lower reservoirs. Intraformational shale baffles occur quite commonly within Abu Madi Formation which acted as barriers of pressure depletion between the Upper and Lower reservoirs. Well data analysis has demonstrated the complex pattern of the stacked reservoir sand zones of heterogeneous reservoir parameters and pressure trends. The main objective of the study was to produce reservoir models that could be used to understand the observed pressure depletion trends within the Upper and Lower Abu Madi reservoirs which have great significance for effective field management.
Seismic angle stacks and well data were integrated through AVA geostatistical inversion to produce highly detailed lithotype and elastic property results at 0.5 ms vertical sampling. Thesse models have successfully captured the shale baffles. Lithotype and elastic property realizations were used to co-simulate for reservoir (engineering) properties of Effective Porosity and Volume of Clay. The Effective Porosity and Volume of Clay realizations were then ranked to provide the P10, P50 and P90 models to be used as input for dynamic flow simulation. Five permeability rock types were derived based on extensive SCAL database and used to define the permeability and saturation models. These detailed engineering models were used for dynamic flow simulation and successfully predicted the pressure depletion trends in the Abu Madi reservoirs.
True Formation Resistivity Determination: Fast and Simple Process to Eliminate Polarization Horn Effect on Resistivity Measurements Using Azimuthal LWD Propagation Tool
Authors: Wu Hsu-Hsiang , Tang Yumei 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
True formation resistivity is one of the key parameters that help petrophysicists characterize and develop a reservoir. A continuous resistivity log allows petrophysicists to recognize formation geology; thereby, a wellbore placement can be properly designed for maximum oil production in the reservoir. Propagation wave electromagnetic (EM) logging tools have provided distinct and unique resistivity measurement for different types of formations in real-time applications. However, such resistivity measurement is often problematic in layered formations especially when the tool is used in highly deviated or horizontal wells. So-called polarization horn effect is measured by the resistivity tools and results in misleading petrophysical analysis. In general, model-based inversion schemes are used to resolve the horn effect; however, the process is complicated and results could be unstable and inaccurate.
The paper describes a fast and simple method to significantly improve resistivity measurement quality near a formation boundary between layers, each having very different resistivity values. An example three-layer formation model is presented to address the horn effect on resistivity measurements. Proposed method is applied to synthetic data of the same model with the results showing elimination of polarization horn effects. In addition, field measurements are used to validate the proposed concept, and both modeling and field examples reveal true formation resistivity can be directly decoupled without any inversion process. Furthermore, the described methods can provide better knowledge of an initial model to the formation inversion process; thereafter, helping to improve the inversion results and optimize related real-time applications, such as the distance to bed boundary (DTBB) inversion.
Discussion on the Effects of Temperature on Thermal Properties in the Steam-Assisted-Gravity-Drainage (SAGD) Process. Part 1: Thermal Conductivity
Authors: Irani Mazda , Cokar Marya 
Published: November 2015

Summary
Steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) is the preferred thermal-recovery method used to produce bitumen from Athabasca deposits in Alberta, Canada. In SAGD, steam injected into a horizontal injection well is forced into the reservoir, losing its latent heat when it comes into contact with cold bitumen at the edge of a depletion chamber. Heat energy is transferred from steam to reservoir, resulting in reduced bitumen viscosity that enables the bitumen to flow toward the horizontal production well under gravity forces. Conduction is the main heat-transfer mechanism at the edge of the steam chamber in SAGD, and reservoir thermal conductivity is a key parameter in conductive-heat transfer. Conductive-heat transfer occurs at higher rates across reservoirs with higher thermal conductivity, which in turn affects the temperature profile ahead of the steam interface. Consequently, a reservoir with higher thermal conductivity will result in higher reservoir-heating rates, which lead to higher oil rates. However, when oil-sand reservoirs are heated from reservoir temperature to steam-chamber temperature, the thermal conductivity can decrease up to 25%, which affects the temperature profile and conductive heating at the edge of the steam-saturated zone known as the steam chamber. This study provides an analytical model that includes a temperature-dependent thermal-conductivity value. This novel approach is the first of its kind to incorporate a temperature-dependent thermal-conductivity value within an analytical SAGD model to predict temperature front, oil production, and steam/oil ratio (SOR).
Furthermore, if Butler's (1985) model is used, the results reveal that the arithmetic average thermal-conductivity values at reservoir and steam temperatures could be used for temperature-profile prediction, which would result in an error of less than 1% for the range of SAGD applications. The results of this study suggest that the minimum error for oil rates depends on the viscosity/temperature correlation. The optimum thermal conductivity should be calculated at the temperature that gives dimensionless temperatures [i.e., (T−Tr)/(Tst−Tr)] varying between 0.75 to 0.85 for m-values [Butler-suggested power constants (Butler 1985, 1991; Butler and Stephens 1981)] between 3 and 5.6. This study also investigates the effect of including temperature-dependent thermal conductivity on SOR variation and suggests that for both laterally expanding and angularly expanding reservoirs the SOR is independent of the thermal conductivity.
High Diagnostic Accuracy of Nitrite Test Paired with Urine Sediment can Reduce Unnecessary Antibiotic Therapy
Authors: Ferry Sven A. , E. Holm Stig , Ferry B. Magnus , Monsen Tor J. 
Published: November 2015

Background:Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common bacterial infections dominated by lower UTI in women (LUTIW). Symptoms only are insufficient for diagnosis and accordingly, near patient diagnostic tests confidently confirming significant bacteriuria are desirable. The nitrite test (NIT) has low sensitivity, while bacterial and leukocyte counts disjunctively paired in urine sediment microscopy (SED) have high sensitivity. Similar symptomatic cure rates are found post antibiotic vs. placebo therapy in patients with negative cultures. Consequently, prescription on symptoms only implies unnecessary antibiotic therapy.Aims:to evaluate the diagnostic outcomes of NIT, SED and NIT disjunctively paired with SED (NIT+SED) vs. urine culture, with special focus on bladder incubation time (BIT), and to assess if NIT+SED can reduce unnecessary antibiotic therapy.Methods:A diagnostic, primary care, multicentre study including 1070 women with symptoms suggestive of lower UTI.Results:Significant bacteriuria was found in 77%. The BIT highly influenced the diagnostic outcomes and the optimal duration was 􀀂4h with sensitivity of 66, 90 and 95% for NIT, SED and NIT+SED, respectively. SED performed only in NIT negative specimens could reduce unnecessary antibiotics by 10% vs. prescription on symptoms only. The number needed to test with SED to reduce one unnecessary antibiotic course was five patients at BIT ≥4h and six patients at ≤3h or overall.Conclusion:The BIT highly influences the diagnostic outcomes with the highest accuracy of NIT+SED. Diagnosis of LUTIW with NIT+SED can reduce unnecessary antibiotic therapy and subsequently decrease antimicrobial resistance.Trial registration:The Swedish Medical Product Agency 1995 03 01:151:01783/94.
Cranial base characteristics in anteroposterior malocclusions: A meta-analysis
Authors: Gong Aixiu , Li Jing , Wang Zhendong , Li Yuan , Hu Fang , Li Qingyi , Miao Dengshun , Wang Lin 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To investigate cranial base characteristics in malocclusions with sagittal discrepancies.

Materials and Methods:
An electronic search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. A fixed- or random-effect model was applied to calculate weighted mean difference with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) according to statistical heterogeneity. Outcome measures were anterior, posterior, and total cranial base length and cranial base angle. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias were conducted.

Results:
Twenty studies that together included 1121 Class I, 1051 Class II, and 730 Class III cases qualified for the final analysis. Class III malocclusion demonstrated significantly reduced anterior (95% CI: −1.74, −0.53; P &lt; .001 vs Class I; 95% CI: −3.30, −2.09; P &lt; .001 vs Class II) and total cranial base length (95% CI: −3.33, −1.36; P &lt; .001 vs Class I; 95% CI: −7.38, −4.05; P &lt; .001 vs Class II). Further, Class II patients showed significantly greater anterior and total cranial base length than did Class I patients (95% CI: 0.51, 1.87; P &lt; .001 for SN; 95% CI: 2.20, 3.30; P &lt; .001 for NBa). Cranial base angle was significantly smaller in Class III than in Class I (95% CI: −3.14, −0.93; P &lt; .001 for NSBa; 95% CI: −2.73, −0.68; P  =  .001 for NSAr) and Class II malocclusions (95% CI: −5.73, −1.06; P  =  .004 for NSBa; 95% CI: −6.11, −1.92; P &lt; .001 for NSAr) and greater in Class II than in Class I malocclusions (95% CI: 1.38, 2.38; P &lt; .001 for NSBa).

Conclusions:
This meta-analysis showed that anterior and total cranial base length and cranial base angle were significantly smaller in Class III malocclusion than in Class I and Class II malocclusions, and that they were greater in Class II subjects compared to controls.
Spectrum of skin adnexal tumors with eccrineand apocrine differentiation – A single institution study of 40 cases with clinicopathological correlation
Authors: Vijayan P , Nayak R 
Published: November 2015

Background: Adnexal skin tumors are relatively rare and present diagnostic difficulties in view of the endless morphological spectrum, complex nomenclature and incomplete knowledge of their histogenesis. Since pathologists encounter these lesions rarely, accurate sub classification of these can be challenging. This study intends to study skin adnexal tumors with eccrine and apocrine differentiation with emphasis on their histomorphology.Materials and Methods:The present study is a five year retrospective study with comprehensive analysis of 40 cases of adnexal tumors of skin in a tertiary center in Karnataka, South India. These tumors were reclassified and subtyped according to WHO classification of skin tumors, 2006.Results and analysis:Out the 62 cases of adnexal tumors studied, 40 were tumors with eccrine and apocrine differentiation (77% benign and 23% malignant). Hidradenoma was the most common tumor comprising 37% of all tumors and 45% of the benign tumors followed byspiradenoma, cylindroma and chondroidsyringoma respectively. Head and neck region was the most common site of occurrence, and seventh decade was the most frequent age group of presentation. A definite female preponderance was noted. Pagets disease of the breast was the most common malignant tumor in this group comprising (10%). Conclusion: Histopathology is considered the gold standard in the diagnosis of these tumors and so a clear knowledge of the clinical presentation and histomorphology of these tumors is essential to make a correct diagnosis. A diagnostic logarithm based on histomorphology provides a logical approach in the subclassification of adnexal tumors.DOI:
15 MeV proton irradiation effects on Bi-based high temperature superconductors
Authors: Alinejad N. , Sohrabi D. , Bolori F. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractNowadays, superconducting magnetic coils are used in some tokamaks such as EAST, KSTAR, JT-60, and T-15 to generate strong magnetic fields and also in ITER magnetic fields of about 13 tesla will be produced with the help of superconductors. The tokamak superconductors are exposed to the variety of radiations (neutron, ions beam, and gamma) from plasma nuclear reactions which will affect some of the superconductor properties. Therefore, study of the irradiation effects on the superconductor structure and properties are very crucial from technological and scientific point of view. One of the superconductor irradiation effects to be investigated under different conditions of energy and dosage is the potential resistance of the material used in tokamak reactor magnetic coils against activation by radiation. In this work, pellets of high TcBi-based superconductors have been prepared and after measurement of parameters, a sample of pellet has been irradiated with 15 MeV protons using Karaj cyclotron facility. The sample's parameters have been measured again after irradiation treatment. X-ray diffraction patterns and SEM images of the sample before and after irradiation treatment have been studied.
Estimation of radiation damage of iron by a reactor gamma spectrum
Authors: Tundwal A. , Kumar V. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractRadiation damage of Iron by a gamma spectrum of a high flux isotope reactor is estimated using our JAIPU Monte Carlo code developed for the estimation of radiation damage by neutron and gamma radiation up to 10 MeV energy. The rate of displacement per atom is estimated to be ∼1.389E-10/sec at 30 cm radial distance in the HB-2 tube of the reactor. Production of displaced atoms is found to be an order of magnitude higher than the number of defects. Ratio of the rates of displacement per atoms by gammas to neutrons of the reactor deduced from calculations is found to be consistent with the earlier reported result.
Stability of Tigecycline in Different Types of Peritoneal Dialysis Solutions
Authors: Robiyanto Robiyanto , Zaidi Syed Tabish R. , Shastri Madhur D. , Castelino Ronald L. , Wanandy S. Troy , Jose Matthew D. , Patel Rahul P. 
Published: November 2015

Introduction Intraperitoneal tigecycline is a potential option for the treatment of peritoneal dialysis (PD)-associated peritonitis caused by microorganisms resistant to commonly used antibiotics. However, the stability of tigecycline must be assessed in the PD solution before evaluating its safety and therapeutic efficacy in PD-associated peritonitis. The objective of this study was to investigate the stability of tigecycline in 3 types of PD solutions at different temperatures for various time points. Methods A total of 27 PD bags (9 PD bags for each type of PD solution; 1.5% glucose, 7.5% icodextrin, and 1.5% glucose pH neutral) containing 2 μg/mL of tigecycline were prepared and stored at either 4, 25, or 37°C. An aliquot was withdrawn immediately before (0 hour) and after pre-defined time points. Each sample was analyzed in duplicate for the concentration of tigecycline using a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. Samples were also assessed for pH, color changes, and evidence of precipitation immediately after preparation and on each day of analysis. Results Tigecycline in all 3 types of PD solutions retained more than 90% of its initial concentration for at least 216, 72, and 8 hours at 4, 25, and 37°C, respectively. There was no evidence of precipitation at any time under the tested storage conditions. The pH and color of tigecycline admixed PD solutions stored at 4, 25, and 37°C remained essentially unchanged for 336, 96, and 48 hours respectively. Conclusion The results obtained from the study provide a platform for future clinical studies aiming to determine the safety and therapeutic efficacy of intraperitoneally administered tigecycline for the treatment of PD-associated peritonitis.
Communicating in 140 characters. How journalists in Spain use Twitter
Authors: Arrabal-Sánchez Gabriel , de-Aguilera-Moyano Miguel 
Published: November 2015

The emergence of Twitter appears to be changing information practices. Hence, a great deal of recent research is based on its popularity among communicators, reaching the conclusion that it serves to increase interactivity with readers. But to what degree is it true that it contributes to a type of journalism which is more open to the public? This research aims especially to clarify two main questions: what specific uses do journalists make of Twitter and to what extent does twoway interaction with the public take place through this medium? It is based on the quantitative analysis of a sample comprising almost 5 million tweets posted by 1,504 Spanish media communicators, perhaps the largest sample studied so far. The analysis shows the existence of a twospeed Twitter (with a minority of influential communicators and a majority who have little impact), which has negligible interaction with followers. With few exceptions, the communicators establish endogamous relationships on Twitter. They respond to mention and retweet colleagues, failing to take advantage of the multidirectional potential offered by the platform. This research expands the empirical basis which can be used to consider and discuss the scope and limits of user participation in information events. Many authors have theorized on this subject, perhaps too enthusiastically and arguably from a somewhat utopian perspective.La irrupción de Twitter parece estar cambiando las prácticas informativas. De ahí que bastantes investigaciones recientes partan de su popularidad entre los comunicadores para concluir que sirve para aumentar la interactividad con los lectores. Pero ¿hasta qué punto es cierta su contribución a un periodismo más abierto a la ciudadanía? Este trabajo busca sobre todo contribuir a clarificar dos cuestiones principales: qué usos concretos dan a Twitter los periodistas y hasta qué punto se mantiene esa interacción ?de ida y vuelta? con la ciudadanía gracias a este medio. Se basa en el análisis cuantitativo de una muestra de casi cinco millones de tuits correspondientes a 1.504 comunicadores de medios españoles; probablemente, la mayor muestra estudiada hasta ahora. El análisis constata la existencia de un Twitter a dos velocidades (con una minoría de comunicadores muy influyente y una mayoría con escaso impacto), pero una interacción con los seguidores prácticamente nula. Salvo excepciones, los comunicadores establecen en Twitter relaciones muy endogámicas, respondiendo, retuiteando y mencionando a colegas, desaprovechando así las potencialidades multidireccionales que ofrece esta plataforma. Esta investigación amplía la base empírica con la que pensar y discutir el alcance y los límites de la participación de los usuarios en los fenómenos informativos, que tantos autores han teorizado, quizá, con demasiado entusiasmo y, sin duda, con una perspectiva en cierta medida utópica.
European newspapers’ digital transition: New products and new audiences
Authors: Peña-Fernández Simón , Lazkano-Arrillaga Iñaki , García-González Daniel 
Published: November 2015

The adaptation of traditional newspapers to new digital media and its interface, far from being a mere technical transformation, has contributed to a gradual change in the media themselves and their audiences. With a sample including the top general information pay newspaper in each of the 28 countries of the European Union, this research has carried out an analysis using 17 indicators divided in 4 categories. The aim is to identify the transformations that the implementation of digital media have brought to the top European newspapers. In general terms, the results show that most dailies have managed to keep their leadership also in online environment. Moreover, an emerging group of global media is growing up, based in preexisting national media. Digital and mobile media have contributed to the appearance of new consumption habits as well, where users read more superficially and sporadically. The audience uses several formats at a time, and digital devices already bring the biggest amount of users to many media. The Internet-created new information windows –search engines, social networks, etc. –are also contributing to the change in professional work routines.La adaptación de los medios de comunicación tradicionales a los nuevos soportes digitales y su interfaz, lejos de constituir un mero ajuste técnico, ha contribuido a una paulatina transformación de los propios medios y sus audiencias. En una muestra integrada por los diarios de información general y de pago líderes en los 28 países de la UE, y mediante el análisis de 17 indicadores distribuidos en cuatro categorías, este artículo busca identificar las transformaciones que la implantación de los soportes digitales han provocado en las principales cabeceras de la prensa europea. En términos generales, los resultados de la investigación señalan que la mayoría de los diarios no sólo han logrado mantener su liderazgo en la Red, sino que en algunos casos también se está alumbrando un incipiente conjunto de medios globales a partir de medios nacionales preexistentes. Los soportes digitales y móviles también han favorecido la aparición de nuevos hábitos de consumo, caracterizados por una lectura más esporádica y superficial por parte de los usuarios, y han configurado una audiencia que ya en muchos casos es multisoporte, y donde los dispositivos digitales aportan ya la mayoría de lectores a muchos medios. Asimismo, las nuevas ventanas de acceso a la información –buscadores, redes sociales, etc.– generadas por Internet, también están contribuyendo decisivamente al cambio de las rutinas y las formas de trabajo de los propios medios.
Le personnage, figure de l’autre en soi
Authors: Guénoun Tamara 
Published: November 2015

Cet article analyse la scène psychique au travers du paradigme de la scène théâtrale sous l’angle original du processus créateur de l’acteur. En quoi est-ce que le jeu d’incarnation du personnage mobilise le comédien dans un nouveau rapport à soi et à l’autre ? L’analyse du processus psychique d’incarnation du personnage amène à considérer des problématiques subjectives complexes. Nous confronterons ensuite cette hypothèse à la clinique des adolescents en souffrance psychique en médiation théâtrale, au travers d’un cas. Cela nous permettra d’interroger plus loin cette dynamique paradoxale où jouer à être un autre amène à se sentir sujet.