bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bronchofiberscopy (Fiber-Optic Bronchoscopy) In Treatment Of Bronchial Fistulas After The Pneumonectomy
Authors: Nazyrov F , Porkhanov V , Khudaybergenov Sh , Irisov О 
Published: October 2013

The problem of prophylaxis of incompetence of bronchialstump and bronchial fistula is many sided. Notwithstandingthe development of new technologies, perfection of surgicaltechnique, its frequency still remains on high level thatpersistently requests the search of new ways for resolving this problem, which preserved its topicality till nowadays. We have found that: The most efficiency of BFS is achieved during treatment of bronchial fistulas with diameter up to 3mm and with effectiveness at 83.2% patients after right­sidePE and at 92.3% patients after left­side PE.In case of BPF with diameter more than 3 mm the numberof satisfactory results of BFS reaches only 33.3%. but, it isnecessary to mention that among patients with BPF sized over 3 mm after left­side PE the effectiveness of BFS significantly exceeds as general index (50.0% against 33.3%) so after right­side PE (50.0% against 25.0%).
Sphincterpreserving Operations In Lower Ampullar Cancer Of The Rectum
Authors: Hakimov A , Bobokulov H 
Published: October 2013

The Purpose of the study: define the indications and contraindications to sphincterpreserving operation in lowerampullar cancer of rectum.The Materials and methods: In coloproctological branch of National Oncological Scientific centre (NOSC) in 2005-2009 years 142 patients were performed radical operations, 64 (45,1%) patients were performed sphincterpreserving operations – abdominoanal resection of rectum (AARR), medium age of patients - 59,8 years, beside 78 (54,9%) patients were performed abdomeno - perineal extirpation of rectum (APER), medium age - 54,2 years.The Results: Studied results of the morphological research of removed preparation by histological structure of tumors and by form of the growing, depending on locations of the tumors on toothed line. The remote postoperative results studied beside 51 (79,7%) patient with AARR and beside 63 (80,1%) patients with APER.The Findings: sphincterpreserving operations (SPO) of the rectum can be the operation of the choice in treatment of high differentiated adenocarcinoma (HDA) and medium differentiated adenocarcinoma (MDA) in stages T2-3 in localization of the lower pole of tumors, not below1 centimeter of toothed line (TL) and carries combined character, in location of the lower edge of tumors on toothed line in patients with HDA MDA in 4% and 2,2% cases are shown that completing intrasphincternal resections of rectum, in connection with particular aggressiveness LDA question about choice of the method of the treatment under their localizations directly on TL must be solved in favour of complete APER, in exophytic tumor located onto and above TL is indication for sphincterpreserving operation in type of AARR, indices recurrence-free and not metastatic period, one-year death-rate, three-year survivability after SPO at inferior ampular cancer of rectum has not an essential distinction from results after APER.
The Disease Girshprunga Beside Adult: Modern Approaches To Diagnostics, Treatment.
Authors: Mirzahmedov M , Ahmedov M , Sapaev D 
Published: October 2013

The Material of the study has formed 78 sick, found on stationary treatment in Republican Scientific Centre Coloproktologii since 1992 on 2010. As it is seen, from table, from 78 sick mans was 58(74,3%), womans 20(25,7%). 19(24,3), sick were at age from 15 before 20 years, 49(60,2%) at age from 21 before 40 years and 13 (16,6%) sick from 41 before 60 years. The Main complaint sick at arrival were a stubborn constipations, which noted beside 70 (89,7%) sick, including absence of the independent chair existed - beside 55(70,5%), but beside 54(69,2%) sick were noted periodic stomachache, growing on measure of the absence of the chair. The Ballooned belly existed beside all 78 (100%) sick moreover beside 20(25,6%) of them flatulence was constant. The Sickness and retching existed beside 24(30,7%), weakness, reduction to capacity to work beside 52(66,6%), increasing of the temperature of the body beside 10(12,8%), paradoxical diarrhoeas beside 6(7,6%) sick. Endoskopicheskiy method (rectoromonoscopy, colonoscopy) turned out to be else less informations - 51,8% coincidences of the diagnosis. So we biopsy on Svensonu executed beside all sick, entered with suspicion on disease Girshprunga. In our observations from 78 sick beside 42(53,8,1%) were aboveanalni, beside 20(25,6%) sick - rectalis, beside 13(16,6%)- rectosigmoideys , beside 2(2,5%) leftside and beside 1(1,2%) sick - subtotalis form hipoganglios. At biopsies on Svensonu on observations, from 78 sick, beside 44(56,4%) is revealled hipoganglios, but beside 35(44,8%) - аganglios rectum. As can be seen from presented tables, from 78 sick beside 68(87,2%) us is executed onemoments radical operation, 10(12,8%) sick is as far as possible made resection hipo- or aganglionarnaya of the zone, decompensate part of the large intestine and is formed colostomy. In all events at operations. The Remote results executed radical operation on cause disease Girshprunga прослежены from 1 before 10 years beside 57(73%) sick. The Results of the surgical treatment were valued on scale Vezika: good, satisfactory and unsatisfactory. In our observations beside 46(80,7%) sick results came in well, beside 10(17,5%) - satisfactory and beside 1(1,8%) sick was an unsatisfactory result.
Determination of Ketoconazole in tablets by using three different methods
Authors: Gjorgjeska Biljana 
Published: October 2013

Ketoconazole has been widely used as an antifungal drug that is formulated as tablets, cream and over­the­counter ketoconazole shampoo. The aim of this research was to study and to standardize an ultraviolet spectrophotometric (UVS) method, potentiometric and a high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the determination of ketoconazole in commercially available Oromycosal® tablets. These three methods were compared and discussed with respect to their sensitivity, selectivity and ready­applicability in routine analytical work. Absorption spectra and spectrophotometric determinations were carried out on the UVS spectrophotometer. Investigated concentrations were in range from 0.003 to 0.02mg?dm­3. The absorbance was measured at 224 nm. In potentiometric titrations glass and saturated (KCl) calomel electrode were used. HPLC analyses of ketoconazole were carried in the presence of econazole as internal standard. It can be concluded that the described methods are simple, fast and reliable for determination of ketoconazole in pharmaceutical preparations. The preparation of the samples is easy, the excipients do not interfere in the methods, so they can be used in routine quality control analysis.
Comparative Demographics And Studies Of The Labor Market In The Rural Area Of The Region Of Gjirokastra
Authors: Sinani Albina 
Published: October 2013

Limitation of engagements in different jobs of active population in 2001 provoked a high level of unemployment up to 21.0%, 16.4% in rural area and 27.2% in urban ones, higher in number for females in city. Gjirokastra has a high level of hidden agrarian unemployment (20.9%), meanwhile Përmeti has the lowest level in the region (10.7% in villages). Commune of Frashër has the lowest level in whole country (22.7%), and in the region and city level with 0.7%. High level of agrarian unemployment has increased the level of poverty up to 56.3% in villages and 30.3% city, has decreased the trade balance of regional economy, with deformations in socio economic strata of population. According to the education level, are dominant unemployed people that have fulfilled only 8 year of obligatory education 58.3% and those with high level of education 35.6%, meanwhile those with a university degree consist in 4.3% of the total number. Are dominant the unemployed people of group age 15-29 years old with 54.2% and 30-44 years old with 36.1%. During period of time 1999-2004, registered unemployed people who were looking for a job were decreased up to 54.1%, 37.7% for females, especially in Gjirokastra district with 61.7%. According to the registration of agricultural economic units, are noticed very big differences. The district of Gjirokastra has the biggest number of hidden agrarian unemployment (63.2%). Among 26 communes of Gjirokastra region the highest level of hidden agrarian unemployment it belong to communes of Pogon (74.6%), Dropull i Poshtëm (70.9%), Dropull i Sipërm (70.8%), Lunxhëri (69.6%), Odrie (66.5%) and Luftinjë (60.7 %). According to INSTAT, in the rural area during period of time 2001-2004 the index of population able to work is decreased with 6.7%,level of activity is increased with 23.0%, level of employment is increased with 19.9% and the level of unemployment is decreased with 0.8%, where positive figures belong to district of Tepelena. These differences depend on net migration of agrarian population, from the villages of mountainous areas toward the cities of the region and urban regions of our country and outside of it.
Political And Economic Approach Of Women Working In Executive Levels In The Service Sector: Ankara State Opera And Ballet (Asob) Case
Authors: Akansel Ilkben 
Published: October 2013

Political economy is related to how capitalist system works by means of distribution of economical and cultural sources which has also a connection between the circumstances of women’s working life. Because hegemony, which is reflected to hegemony’s ideology, constitutes its force by the mediation of the concepts: ‘discrimination’ and ‘segregation’. This force sometimes can effect women as both earning much less in some labor-force market, facing to harassment etc. and being obstructed to get top-level managerial positions in which institutes their work by means of political economy point of view.In this study, we will examine the art sector which is one of the sub-branches of service sector in the labor-force market. Our case is Ankara State Opera and Ballet (ASOB). In this case, we aim to display how the institution is founded, and accepted as a part of modernization with the beginning of Republic of Turkey and changed especially by means of political approaches in the last years.While doing this, we will elaborate the concepts of ‘discrimination’ and ‘segregation’ which issues women face in the labor-force market. Then, we will relate these three concepts with Antonio Gramsci’s ‘hegemony’ and Louis Althusser’s ‘ideology’, Michel Foucault’s ‘power’ and we will examine how women are assigned to the executive positions in the case of institution which we have chosen.We will study the circumstances which may be narrowed as; whether women are permitted to work in the top-level management or not, how many women have been worked in the top-level management in the history of the institution, if quantity has a meaning or not etc., by means of political economy.By the mediation of aforementioned subjects, we will analyse the reasons of women being prevented to work in the top-level management in the working life by economical, political and social aspects. Consequently, we will elaborate how political economy, in which implemented whole society's structure, creates hindrances for women in the working life.
The State of the Field in Applied Cognitive Technologies
Authors: Stock Steven E. , Davies Daniel K. , Gillespie Thomas 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Applied Cognitive Technologies provide supports that enable people with cognitive disabilities to achieve greater inclusion across virtually all life domains. This article provides a snapshot, as it were, of the state of the field pertaining to critical areas of the newly emerging field of applied cognitive technology, specifically: smartphones/mobile devices, GPS and wayfinding technologies, web access, smart homes/remote monitoring, apps and cloud computing, and social media/social networks. In addition to practical information intended to be of use to people with disabilities and their support systems, recommendations for further research areas are presented throughout the article to encourage other researchers, graduate students, and others interested in furthering the field. A conclusion section discusses the overall state of adoption and further research needs to continue pursuit of the potential of widespread benefit from a field of applied cognitive technology.
Evaluation of a GPS-Based System for Supporting Independent Use of Public Transportation by Adults With Intellectual Disability
Authors: Stock Steven E. , Davies Daniel K. , Hoelzel Leslie A. , Mullen Rene J. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
People with intellectual disability often have support needs related to navigating their communities using public transportation. Specialized transportation resources such as paratransit programs or adult service agency transportation are costly and generally non-inclusive. This paper describes a study examining the impact of a GPS-based system called WayFinder operating on mainstream smartphone device on the independent use of public transportation systems by people with intellectual disability. Specifically, the impact of the system on number of training trials for independent navigation of a novel bus route (vs. traditional training procedures) and generalization to another novel route were examined. Additionally, the bus ridership and financial impacts were examined in a city where a provider organization and the public bus system were adopting WayFinder to support people with intellectual disability to access fixed-route bus systems. Implications and recommendations for future research and practice are described.
The Rights of People With Cognitive Disabilities to Technology and Information Access
Authors: Braddock David , Hoehl Jeffery , Tanis Shea , Ablowitz Enid , Haffer Laura 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Information and communication technologies are ubiquitous and valuable tools for billions of people worldwide today. Yet people with cognitive disabilities, particularly individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities, have quite limited access to such technologies. This article presents the case for mounting significant efforts to advance the rights of millions of people with cognitive disabilities to technology and information access. A formal statement of these rights is presented, formulated by professionals and consumers representing a variety of disciplines and perspectives. The statement is currently endorsed by numerous national, state and local organizations in the developmental disabilities field in the United States. Your comments and participation are invited and appreciated.
Application of chemically-cross-linked chitosan for the removal of Reactive Black 5 and Reactive Yellow 84 dyes from aqueous solutions
Authors: Filipkowska Urszula , Jóźwiak Tomasz 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe study analyzed the sorption effectiveness of reactive dyes, Reactive Black 5 (RB5) and Reactive Yellow 84 (RY84), onto non-cross-linked chitosan beads (CHs) and onto CHs cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (ALD) i.e., ALD-CHs and epichlorohydrin (ECH) i.e., ECH-CHs. The study enabled determination of the optimal ratio of the cross-linking agent to chitosan and the optimal pH of the sorption process (from the range of 1:10–10:1, to 2–12, respectively). The time needed to reach the equilibrium concentration reached 504 h. Satisfactory effects of RB5 and RY84 sorption were achieved after 24 h sorption. Data were described with the heterogenous Langmuir’s model (double Langmuir’s equation). For RB5 dye, the most effective sorbent turned out to be CHs – the maximum sorption capacity reached 2025.11 (mg/g). For the other sorbents, ALD-CHs and ECH-CHs, the capacity accounted for 1797.0 mg/g and 1816.1 mg/g, respectively. In the case of RY84 dye, the most effective sorbent appeared to be ECH-CHs – 2234.3 mg/g. For CHs and ALD-CHs, the highest sorption capacities against RY84 reached 1774.2 and 2000.1 mg/g, respectively.
Auditors' Reactions to Inconsistencies between Financial and Nonfinancial Measures: The Interactive Effects of Fraud Risk Assessment and a Decision Prompt
Authors: Brazel Joseph F. , Jones Keith L. , Prawitt Douglas F. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT
Nonfinancial measures (NFMs), such as employee headcount and production space, are operational measures that are not included on the face of the financial statements but are often disclosed elsewhere in the annual report or 10-K (e.g., in Management's Discussion and Analysis). Professional standards, auditing texts, and prior research suggest that external auditors can use NFMs to verify their clients' reported financial information and, in turn, improve audit quality. In an initial experiment where auditors develop an expectation for a client's sales balance, they generally fail to identify a seeded inconsistency between the client's sales and related NFMs. In our second experiment, where we introduce an NFM prompt and manipulate fraud risk as high and low, auditors are more likely to react to the inconsistency (i.e., rely more on inconsistent NFMs/develop expectations that reflect the client's current year decline in NFMs) when they are specifically prompted to consider the implications of NFMs and fraud risk is high (versus low). Our results suggest the following: (1) a minority of auditors use NFMs as an information source for testing and do not increase their reliance on NFMs when the NFMs point to a fraud red flag; (2) the presence of high fraud risk alone is insufficient to increase auditor consideration of inconsistent NFMs; (3) auditors are able to react appropriately to an inconsistency if they are effectively prompted; and (4) the influence of a prompt on auditor reliance on NFMs and account balance expectations is stronger when fraud risk is assessed as high.
Data Availability: Data are available upon request.
Sequence stratigraphic analysis and integrated 3D geological modeling of M1 block, Wenmingzhai oilfield, Dongpu depression, China
Authors: Li Xue , Zhang Jinliang , Yuan Yong , Li Cunlei , Meng Ningning 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The M1 block is a typically complex fault-block oilfield, whose recovery has reached 30.5% through the twenty years waterflooding development. Remaining oil scatters very widely and the production between layers is in a high degree. However, many problems have been exposed at the same time which hinder improvement of the recovery rate and sustainable development of the reservoir. Hence, it is important to carry out basic geological research and form a comprehensive understanding of reservoir properties. However, few such studies have been conducted in China. In this study, work related to basic geological research was conducted based on high-resolution sequence stratigraphy, seismic interpretation technology and 3D visual geological modeling, and significant results were achieved. Three sequence orders and three types of interfacies in the stratigraphic architecture of M1 block were identified through seismic sections, logging curve characteristics and entropy spectrum analysis. Thirty-two short-term sequence cycles (fifth order), eight mid-term sequence cycles (fourth order) and two long-term sequence cycles (third order) were identified, followed by the establishment of a high-resolution isochronous stratigraphic correlation framework. Finally, a regional 3D geological model was established on the basis of these preliminary studies. The integrated 3D geological model is a valuable tool for reflecting geological bodies accurately, and it can accurately represent and describe reservoir heterogeneity.
Stratigraphy and depositional environments of the Mamfe Formation and its implication on the tectonosedimentary evolution of the Ikom-Mamfe Embayment, West Africa
Authors: Bassey Clement , Eminue Oboho , Ajonina Humphrey 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
A 42 m thick outcropping portion of the Mamfe Formation is subdivided into Manyu (31 m thick) and Kesham (11m thick) Members on the basis of textural, mineralogical and structural differences. The Manyu Member (Albian) consists of folded and indurated, medium to coarse grained arkosic sandstones and thickly laminated organic-rich shales deposited in a lacustrine environment. The Kesham Member (Cenomanian) consists of subarkoses intercalated with massive green shale and mudstone deposited in a fluvial environment. The change in depositional environment was tectonically controlled. The mid Cretaceous paleogeography of the embayment was governed by the NE-SW trending “Ikom ridge” which prevented marine incursion from adjacent the Benue Sea. Evaporites found within the basin were precipitated from ocean water that was periodically spilled by strong tides and storms across the ridge into the embayment. The filling-up of the embayment to base level in the Cenomanian resulted in a shift in the depositional center downstream to adjoining lower Benue Trough. Similarity in heavy mineral composition and maturity of the Cenomanian sandstones with recent clastics in the embayment indicates their derivation from the same source terrain and relatively stable tectonic and climatic conditions at the source area since the Cenomanian time.
Vertical resolution enhancement of petrophysical Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) log using ordinary kriging
Authors: Bagheripour Parisa , Asoodeh Mojtaba , Nazarpour Ayoob 
Published: October 2013

AbstractNuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) logging provides priceless information about hydrocarbon bearing intervals such as free fluid porosity and permeability. This study focuses on using geostatistics from NMR logging instruments at high depths of investigation to enhance vertical resolution for better understanding of reservoirs. In this study, a NMR log was used such that half of its midpoint data was used for geostatistical model construction using an ordinary kriging technique and the rest of the data points were used for assessing the performance of the constructed model. This strategy enhances the resolution of NMR logging by twofold. Results indicated that the correlation coefficient between measured and predicted permeability and free fluid porosity is equal to 0.976 and 0.970, respectively. This means that geostatistical modeling is capable of enhancing the vertical resolution of NMR logging. This study was successfully applied to carbonate reservoir rocks of the South Pars Gas Field.
Engineering-geological conditions of the formations in the Western Thessaly basin, Greece
Authors: Apostolidis Emmanuel , Koukis George 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAn engineering-geological map of the Western Thessaly basin has been compiled, providing a valuable guide to both urban planning and industrial development of the wider area. This map contributes significantly to the optimization of land use and improved planning of technical work. Additionally, the engineering-geological conditions of the formations encountered in the Western Thessaly basin are examined. The formations are grouped into thirteen (13) engineering-geological entities, with regard to their geotechnical behaviour. This entire study was based on both in situ investigations and geotechnical information extracted from 1,039 boreholes.Furthermore, a landslide inventory map of the Western Thessaly basin has been compiled. In addition, the surface subsidence ruptures, due to ground-water overexploitation, have been examined in the eastern part of the study area.