bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Different Phosphorus Chemical States on an Onion‐like Carbon Surface for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Sun Xiaoyan , Xu Junyuan , Ding Yuxiao , Zhang Bingsen , Feng Zhenbao , Su Dang Sheng 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTwo kinds of phosphorus‐modified onion‐like carbons dominated by COP bonds and CP bonds were fabricated and further used as catalysts in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The results show that the bonding state of phosphorus has a significant effect on the ORR catalytic activity. The formation of COP bonds improves ORR activity, whereas CP bonds play an adverse role in stabilizing the key intermediates during the ORR owing to the distorted graphitic structure, as confirmed by the work function value.
Cholesteryl esters from squid oil contain only saturated fatty acids, whereas the oil is rich in EPA and DHA and contains almost no saturated fatty acids
Authors: Galliani Guido , Brucka Marta Anna 
Published: May 2015

Crude squid oil is a valuable source for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). It represents a sustainable alternative to tuna oil, which has been so far the major source for DHA. During the development of an industrial process from squid oil to omega‐3 enriched ethyl esters, a solid powdery material was isolated from the residue obtained after short path distillation of ethyl esters, as a 0.3–0.5% weight/weight versus the starting crude oil. The isolated material and the products obtained by its methanolysis were characterized and structurally verified by TLC, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, as well as GC analysis. The material was found to be a mixture of cholesteryl esters, whose fatty acid profile mainly features C14:0, C16:0, and C18:0 along with minor amounts of C15:0 and C17:0 entities. No unsaturated acids are visible in the GC profile, whereas squid oil is rich in mono‐ and polyunsaturated acids. Isolation of total cholesteryl esters from the distillation residue by column chromatography rules out selective precipitation as a cause for the presence of only saturated fatty acids in the isolated solid. It is concluded that the cholesteryl esters containing only saturated acids are biosynthesized in the squids.Practical applications: The results presented in this publication may contribute to the general understanding of squid lipid metabolism. Moreover, quantitative analysis of cholesteryl esters in squid oil is relevant to the development of industrial methods for removal of all cholesterol in final products. The total cholesterol in crude squid oil is ca. 4%. Cholesteryl esters which are identified only in the distillation residue represent approximately 0.25% of total cholesterol in the crude squid oil. The scarce amount of esterified cholesterol indicates that it can be neglected when a process is optimized in order to lower total cholesterol in final products, whereas removal of free cholesterol must be focused. Finally, data show that: a) cholesteryl esters are less reactive than triglycerides during ethanolysis of squid oil, in agreement with published data; b) free cholesterol does not react with ethyl esters to give cholesteryl esters under ethanolysis conditions.Gas chromatograms of fatty acid methyl esters (fame) from squid cholesteryl esters (top) and squid crude oil (down).
Extraction, benefits and valorization of olive polyphenols
Authors: Ciriminna Rosaria , Meneguzzo Francesco , Fidalgo Alexandra , Ilharco Laura M. , Pagliaro Mario 
Published: May 2015

Already used as antioxidants and antimicrobials in functional foods and beverages, as well as in several cosmetic products, olive polyphenols will also play an important role in the treatment and prevention of inflammation, and thus of numerous free‐radical mediated chronic diseases. By integrating chemical, health, extraction technology, and market aspects into a unified picture, this study provides arguments supporting the viewpoint that current investments into extraction plants based on green chemistry technologies will shortly translate into widespread utilization of these powerful antioxidants, well beyond the Mediterranean basin countries where the olive tree has been cultivated for >5000 years.Olive polyphenols will play a central role in the treatment and prevention of inflammation, and thus of numerous free‐radical mediated chronic diseases. By integrating chemical, health, extraction technology and market aspects into a unified picture, this study provides arguments supporting the viewpoint that current investments into extraction plants based on green chemistry technologies will shortly translate into widespread utilization of these powerful antioxidants.
Conducting Polymer Paper‐Based Cathodes for High‐Areal‐Capacity Lithium–Organic Batteries
Authors: Wang Zhaohui , Xu Chao , Tammela Petter , Zhang Peng , Edström Kristina , Gustafsson Torbjörn , Strømme Maria , Nyholm Leif 
Published: May 2015

AbstractConducting polymers have been considered for use as cathode materials in rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) since 1981 but problems with poor cycling stability, rapid self‐discharge, and low energy and power densities have so far limited their applicability. Herein it is shown that nanostructured freestanding conducting polymer composites [e.g., polypyrrole (PPy) and polyaniline (PANI)] can be used to circumvent these shortcomings. Freestanding and binder‐free PPy and cellulose‐based composites can straightforwardly be used as versatile organic cathode materials for LIBs. The composite, reinforced with chopped carbon filaments (CCFs), exhibited a large active mass loading of approximately 10 mg cm−2, an areal capacity of 1.0 mAh cm−2(corresponding to 102 mAh g−1), and stable cycling. With an active mass loading of 4.4 mg cm−2, a capacity of 0.22 mAh cm−2(corresponding to 58 mAh g−1) was found for current densities of 5 A g−1yielding discharge times of approximately 40 seconds, and a capacity retention of 91 % over 100 cycles was obtained at 0.2 A g−1. The present method constitutes a straightforward approach for the manufacturing of high‐performance freestanding electroactive conducting‐polymer‐based paper‐like electrodes for use in inexpensive and sustainable, high‐performance organic LIBs.
Trail Making Task Performance in Inpatients with Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa
Authors: Vall Eva , Wade Tracey D. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSet‐shifting inefficiencies have been consistently identified in adults with anorexia nervosa (AN). It is less clear to what degree similar inefficiencies are present in those with bulimia nervosa (BN). It is also unknown whether perfectionism is related to set‐shifting performance. We employed a commonly used set‐shifting measure, the Trail Making Test (TMT), to compare the performance of inpatients with AN and BN with a healthy control sample. We also investigated whether perfectionism predicted TMT scores. Only the BN sample showed significantly suboptimal performance, while the AN sample was indistinguishable from controls on all measures. There were no differences between the AN subtypes (restrictive or binge/purge), but group sizes were small. Higher personal standards perfectionism was associated with better TMT scores across groups. Higher concern over mistakes perfectionism predicted better accuracy in the BN sample. Further research into the set‐shifting profile of individuals with BN or binge/purge behaviours is needed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
A conservative semi‐implicit method for coupled surface–subsurface flows in regional scale
Authors: Casulli Vincenzo 
Published: May 2015

SummaryA semi‐implicit method for coupled surface–subsurface flows in regional scale is proposed and analyzed. The flow domain is assumed to have a small vertical scale as compared with the horizontal extents. Thus, after hydrostatic approximation, the simplified governing equations are derived from the Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes equations for the surface flow and from the Darcy's law for the subsurface flow. A conservative free‐surface equation is derived from a vertical integral of the incompressibility condition and extends to the whole water column including both, the surface and the subsurface, wet domains. Numerically, the horizontal domain is covered by an unstructured orthogonal grid that may include subgrid specifications. Along the vertical direction a simple z‐layer discretization is adopted. Semi‐implicit finite difference equations for velocities and a finite volume approximation for the free‐surface equation are derived in such a fashion that, after simple manipulation, the resulting discrete free‐surface equation yields a single, well‐posed, mildly nonlinear system. This system is efficiently solved by a nested Newton‐type iterative method that yields simultaneously the pressure and a non‐negative fluid volume throughout the computational grid. The time‐step size is not restricted by stability conditions dictated by friction or surface wave speed. The resulting algorithm is simple, extremely efficient, and very accurate. Exact mass conservation is assured also in presence of wetting and drying dynamics, in pressurized flow conditions, and during free‐surface transition through the interface. A few examples illustrate the model applicability and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new characteristic approach for incompressible thermo‐flow in Cartesian and non‐Cartesian grids
Authors: Adibi T. , Razavi S. E. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryA virtual‐characteristic approach is developed for thermo‐flow with finite‐volume methodology in which a multidimensional characteristic (MC) scheme is applied along with artificial compressibility. To obtain compatibility equations and pseudo‐characteristics, energy equation is taken into account in the MC scheme. With this inherent upwinding of convective fluxes, no artificial viscosity is required even at high Reynolds numbers. Another remarkable advantage of the MC scheme lies in its faster convergence rate with respect to the averaging scheme that is found to exhibit substantial delays in convergence. As benchmarks, forced and mixed convections in a cavity and in flow over cylinder and between parallel plates are examined for a wide range of Reynolds, Grashof, and Prandtl numbers. The MC and averaging schemes are applied for simulation purposes. Results show the better performance of the MC scheme in forced and mixed convections. Results confirm the robustness of the MC scheme in terms of accuracy and convergence. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 as regulator of tumor‐initiating cell properties in head and neck cancers
Authors: Lee Yueh‐Chun , Yu Cheng‐Chia , Lan Chih , Lee Che‐Hsin , Lee Hsueh‐Te , Kuo Yu‐Liang , Wang Po‐Hui , Chang Wen‐Wei 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe existence of tumor‐initiating cells (TICs) has been described in head and neck cancers. Plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) has been demonstrated to act as a prognostic factor in head and neck cancers.MethodsTiplaxtinin (PAI‐039), a specific inhibitor of PAI‐1, and PAI‐1‐specific siRNA were used to examine the role of PAI‐1 in the self‐renewal property of head and neck cancer‐TICs by tumorsphere formation. Western blot, real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and luciferase‐based reporter assay were used to study the effect of PAI‐039 in the sex‐determining region Y‐box 2 (Sox2) expression.ResultsPAI‐039 suppressed the self‐renewal capability of head and neck cancer‐TICs derived from head and neck cancer cell lines through the inhibition of Sox2 expression. PAI‐039 decreased the activity of the core promoter and the enhancer of the Sox2 gene in head and neck cancer‐TICs. Knockdown of PAI‐1 expression also inhibited self‐renewal and radioresistance properties of head and neck cancer‐TICs.ConclusionThe inhibition of PAI‐1 by PAI‐039 or siRNA could suppress head and neck cancer‐TICs within head and neck cancer cell lines through the downregulation of Sox2. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E895–E904, 2016
Toxicity of concomitant cetuximab and radiotherapy with or without initial taxane‐based induction chemotherapy in locally advanced head and neck cancer
Authors: Levy Antonin , De Felice Francesca , Bellefqih Sara , Guigay Joël , Deutsch Eric , Nguyen France , Blanchard Pierre , Tao Yungan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the tolerability of concurrent radiotherapy and cetuximab (bioradiotherapy [BRT]) after taxane‐based induction chemotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).MethodsOne hundred four patients with HNSCC received BRT with (29%) or without (71%) prior taxane‐based induction chemotherapy.ResultsRadiodermatitis (97%) and skin rash (65%) occurred frequently, but there was no difference of occurrence or the grade of the rash observed in the 2 populations. However, patients receiving taxane‐based induction chemotherapy had a less severe rash as compared with patients without induction chemotherapy. Mucositis and dysphagia were frequent and comparable in the 2 groups. The occurrence of a skin rash (at any grade) did not predict an increased overall survival (OS) in the overall population, but it was associated with an improved 3‐year OS in patients receiving taxane‐based induction chemotherapy. OS was not influenced by the skin rash grade in the overall population of the 2 treatment subgroups.ConclusionTaxane‐based induction chemotherapy did not increase the rate of cetuximab‐related toxicities. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E905–E910, 2016
Dye‐Sensitized Tandem Solar Cells with Extremely High Open‐Circuit Voltage Using Co(II)/Co(III) Electrolyte
Authors: Choi Won Seok , Choi In Taek , You Ban Seok , Yang Ji‐Woon , Ju Myung Jong , Kim Hwan Kyu 
Published: May 2015

AbstractFor achieving a high open‐circuit voltage (Voc) in dye‐sensitized tandem solar cells, series‐connected tandem solar cells were fabricated. In order to optimize series‐connected tandem solar cell systems, the current density of the top and bottom cells should be well matched to be identical, and the Voc of each of the cells should also be as high as possible. Furthermore, the top cell should be transparent and the bottom cell should have the longer‐wavelength absorption, for utilizing only the light passing through the top cell. This leads to a high Voc. In this study, we report dye‐sensitized tandem solar cells having an extremely high Voc using the Co(bpy)32+/3+ (bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine) redox couple. Dye‐sensitized tandem solar cells employing JK303/HC‐A1 with the Co(bpy)32+/3+ redox couple as the top cell and N749/HC‐A4 with the I−/I3− redox couple as the bottom cell were shown to have an extremely high Voc of >1.66 V, the highest value for dye‐sensitized tandem solar cells reported to date.
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopic Analysis of Sensitization‐Based Solar Cells
Authors: Mahbubur Rahman Md. , Chandra Deb Nath Narayan , Lee Jae‐Joon 
Published: May 2015

AbstractElectrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a very powerful tool for elucidation of charge transfer and transport processes in sensitization‐based solar cells (e.g., dye‐sensitized solar cells [DSSCs], quantum dot‐sensitized solar cells [QDSSCs], and perovskite solar cells [PSCs]). EIS measures the electrochemical response to small amplitude AC signals over a wide range of frequencies. Analysis of the EIS response provides information about the corresponding parameters of the cells. Here, we review the fundamentals of EIS, charge transport kinetic processes, and equivalent circuit models of sensitization‐based solar cells and use these concepts to explain the EIS spectra of DSSCs, QDSSCs, and PSCs. This review will be very useful for understanding the fundamental charge transfer and transport processes in different sensitization‐based solar cells and the use of an equivalent circuit model to interpret the observed charge transfer and reactions.
Soft Computing Techniques for Querying XBRL Data
Authors: Reformat Marek Z. , Yager Ronald R. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryAvailability of business data is an important aspect of effective financial activities. An easy access to financial information has immense influence on actions and decisions regarding investing, trade and operations of companies and firms. The proposed standard – eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) – provides a means to create a uniform framework for representing corporate and financial information. XBRL defines an easily interpretable, machine‐readable and XML‐based data format. Its flexibility allows for representing business data using different languages, as well as following different regulation standards.One of important benefits of XBRL is application of XML‐based tools and systems that enable easy preparation, processing and validation of corporate data. It is also possible to use XML‐based storage and query systems.In this paper we propose and describe a concept of soft queries. They provide the users with a human‐friendly interface for interacting with XBRL data. These queries are equipped with linguistic terms (such as large, medium, small) and linguistic qualifiers (all, mostly). Such queries are able to provide the users with results similar to the results obtained when they analyse data themselves. Linguistic terms and qualifiers are represented as fuzzy sets. Fuzzy‐based operations and aggregation operators allow for mimicking a human‐like processing of data. The proposed approach is illustrated with queries executed on an XBRL document. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bioeffects of micron‐size magnesium particles on inflammatory cells and bone turnover in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Guo Chengzhi , Li Jian , She Chang , Shao Xiangzhi , Teng Bin , Feng Jing , Zhang Jian V. , Ren Pei‐Gen 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMagnesium (Mg) is a promising biodegradable metal offering many potential advantages over current scaffold technologies. Many studies have reported on the corrosion characteristics the Mg and its bioeffects in vitro and in vivo, but there are few studies on the biological effects of the corrosive products of Mg ‐ the micron‐size Mg particles (MgMPs). In this study, the effects of size‐selected commercial MgMPs on bone turnover and macrophages were investigated in vivo and in vitro. We found that MgMPs were susceptible to engulfment by macrophages, leading to cell lysis, likely resulting from H2 gas production. We also found that the inflammatory cytokines IL‐1, IL‐6, and TNF‐α were induced more strongly by titanium particles (TiMPs) group than by either MgMPs or control. Examination of the expression of bone remodeling markers revealed that MgMPs are beneficial for bone regeneration. Micro‐CT scanning indicated that, 30 days postimplantation, unlike TiMPs, MgMPs had no adverse effect on either bone quality or quantity. We have investigated the bioeffects of micron‐size MgMPs in vivo and in vitro, and our results indicate that MgMPs may promote bone regeneration without inducing inflammation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 923–931, 2016.
Novel protein‐repellent and biofilm‐repellent orthodontic cement containing 2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine
Authors: Zhang Ning , Zhang Ke , Melo Mary Anne S. , Chen Chen , Fouad Ashraf F. , Bai Yuxing , Xu Hockin H. K. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to develop the first protein‐repellent resin‐modified glass ionomer cement (RMGI) by incorporating 2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) for orthodontic applications, and to investigate the MPC effects on protein adsorption, biofilm growth, and enamel bond strength. MPC was incorporated into RMGI at 0% (control), 1.5%, 3%, and 5% by mass. Specimens were stored in water at 37°C for 1 and 30 days. Enamel shear bond strength (SBS) was measured, and the adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were assessed. Protein adsorption onto the specimens was determined by a micro bicinchoninic acid method. A dental plaque microcosm biofilm model with human saliva as inoculum was used. The results showed that adding 3% of MPC into RMGI did not significantly reduce the SBS (p > 0.1). There was no significant loss in SBS for RMGI containing 3% MPC after water‐aging for 30 days, as compared to 1 day (p > 0.1). RMGI with 3% MPC had protein adsorption that was 1/10 that of control. RMGI with 3% MPC greatly reduced the bacterial adhesion, and lactic acid production and colony‐forming units of biofilms, while substantially increasing the medium solution pH containing biofilms. The protein‐repellent and biofilm‐repellent effects were not decreased after water‐aging for 30 days. In conclusion, the MPC‐containing RMGI is promising to reduce biofilms and white spot lesions without compromising orthodontic bracket‐enamel bond strength. The novel protein‐repellent method may have applicability to other orthodontic cements, dental composites, adhesives, sealants, and cements to repel proteins and biofilms. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 949–959, 2016.
Detection of Two Drug‐Resistance Mutants of the Cytomegalovirus by High‐Resolution Melting Analysis
Authors: Chen Xiao‐Fan , Li Tian‐Run , Yang Hong , Shao Yong , Zhang Jie , Zhang Wei , Yu Bo , Wei Zhun , Wu Bo , Yu Lin 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundHuman cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an opportunistic pathogen that can be treated with ganciclovir. Mutations in the UL97 gene of CMV render the virus ganciclovir resistance. These include H520Q and C603W mutations, against which we developed a novel genotyping assay for their identification.MethodsPCR reactions were performed to amplify fragments of the UL97 gene containing H520Q or C603W mutations. High resolution melting analysis (HRMA) coupled with unlabeled DNA probes was employed to identify the shift in melting temperature of the probe–template complex, which reflexes the presence of point mutations.ResultsMelting point analysis performed on the dimeric DNA of PCR products of UL97 gene could not identify mutations in the gene. When coupled to unlabeled probes, point mutations in UL97 can be identified by analyzing the melting curve of probe–template complex. When WT and mutant UL97 DNAs were mixed together to mimic heterogeneous viral population in clinical samples, the genotyping assay is sensitive enough to detect H520Q and C603W mutants that constitute 10% of total DNA input.ConclusionProbe‐based HRMA is effective in detecting H520Q and C603W mutations in the UL97 gene of CMV.
K4‐free and ‐free Planar Matching Covered Graphs
Authors: Kothari Nishad , Murty U. S. R. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA bi‐subdivision of a graph J is a graph H obtained from J by subdividing each of its edges by inserting an even number of vertices. A matching covered subgraph H of a matching covered graph G is conformal if has a perfect matching. Using the theory of ear decompositions, Lovász (Combinatorica, 3 (1983), 105–117) showed that every nonbipartite matching covered graph has a conformal subgraph which is either a bi‐subdivision of K4 or of . (The graph is the triangular prism.) A matching covered graph is K4‐based if it contains a bi‐subdivision of K4 as a conformal subgraph; otherwise it is K4‐free. ‐based and ‐free
graphs are analogously defined. The result of Lovász quoted above implies that any nonbipartite matching covered graph is either K4‐based or ‐based (or both). The problem of deciding which matching covered graphs are K4‐based and which are ‐based is, in general, unsolved. In this paper, we present a solution to this classification problem in the special case of planar graphs. In Section 2, we show that a matching covered graph is K4‐free (‐free) if and only if each of its bricks is K4‐free (‐free). In Section 5, we show that a planar brick is K4‐free if and only if it has precisely two odd faces. In Section 6, we determine the list of all ‐free planar bricks; apart from one exception, it consists of two infinite families of bricks. The principal tool we use for proving our results is the brick generation procedure established by Norine and Thomas (J Combin Theory Ser B, 97 (2007), 769–817).