bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards an absolute chronology for the Copper Age in central Italy: A note based on the conelle site and culture
Authors: Skeates Robin 
Published: August 2013

VERSO UNA CRONOLOGIA ASSOLUTA PER L'ETÀ DEL RAME IN ITALIA CENTRALECon la recente pubblicazione di dodici nuove determinazioni radiocarboniche per Conelle d'Arcevia nella regione Marche, è ora possibile, da una parte, collocare la sequenza cronologica di questo importante sito dell'età del rame su una base più solida, e, dall'altra, cominciare a costruire una struttura cronologica assoluta per l'età del rame in Italia centrale. Per l'età del rame, tre ampie fasi possono ora essere proposte: una età del rame iniziale, datata al 3550–3050 a.C.; una media età del rame, datata al 3050–2750 a.C.; e una tarda età del rame, datata al 2750–2200 a.C. Tale struttura ora richiede conferma e potenziamento attraverso la produzione di nuove datazioni radiocarboniche.
New excavations of the Crypt Church at San Vincenzo al Volturno in 1994
Authors: M. Coutts Catherine , Hodges Richard 
Published: August 2013

NUOVI SCAVI NELLA CHIESA A CRIPTA DI SAN VINCENZO AL VOLTURNO (1994)Questa breve nota vuole essere una aggiunta agli scavi della chiesa a cripta di San Vincenzo al Volturno pubblicati in R. Hodges (1993) (ed.), San Vincenzo al Volturno 1. The 1980–86 Excavations, Part I (London, British School at Rome). Scavi della Soprintendenza nell'area dell'atrio di questa chiesa alto medievale hanno rivelato la presenza di un portico recinto costruito nel IX secolo (fase 5), all'interno del quale si trovava il piccolo cimitero descritto nella prima relazione. Gli scavi hanno anche aiutato a stabilire le precise misure dell'edificio tardo romano che precedeva la chiesa a cripta alto medievale.
Dark age architecture in Rome
Authors: Coates-Stephens Robert 
Published: August 2013

ARCHITETTURA DELLA DARK AGE A ROMANonostante un notevole numero di recenti scavi e ricerche, la visione generalmente accettata dell'architettura della Roma alto medievale resta quella di Richard Krautheimer. Il suo quadro ciclico consiste di una serie di fasi distinte che vanno dalla ‘basilica costantiniana a forma di T’, attraverso il ‘rinascimento sistino’ della metà del quinto secolo, al periodo bizantino del sesto e dell'inizio del settimo secolo, seguito dalla ‘Dark Age’ della durata di un secolo, ed infine, dal tardo ottavo secolo, il ‘rinascimento carolingio’. L'architettura del decimo secolo resta sconosciuta. Un chiaro contrasto viene delineato tra le tendenze occidentali e classicizzanti e quelle bizantine, tipicamente orientali, ed anche tra la minima attività dei periodi 640-772 e 860-1000 — le due dark ages — e la prolifica attività costruttiva del periodo carolingio. Quest'articolo fornisce dati sulle costruzioni del periodo, finora trascurato, delle due dark ages. Un corpus di chiese è presentato; questo si basa in parte su una nuova lettura delle notizie costruttive del Liber Pontificalis (640–772), ed anche sulle variegate ma scarse informazioni storiche sulle chiese del decimo secolo, così come sulle descrizioni degli oramai scomparsi palazzi del sedicesimo secolo e dei periodi successivi. Molte nuove informazioni derivanti da rilevamenti e recenti ricerche archeologiche viene presentata per specifici monumenti quali San Giorgio in Velabro, San Gregorio Nazianzeno, San Tommaso in Formis e San Cosimato. I risultati mostrano una sostanziale continuità di attività architettoniche in entrambi i periodi. L'accelerato programma costruttivo del cosiddetto ‘rinascimento carolingio’ sembra esser cominciato durante il pontificato di Gregorio III (731–41), e molte delle distinzioni, finora considerate chiare, tra l'architettura ‘carolingia’ e quella ‘orientale’ vengono messe in dubbio. Il decimo secolo si rivela essere un periodo di notevole attività, per lo più derivante da finanziamento privato.
Economy and Society of Mediolanum under the Principate
Authors: Garnsey P. D. A. 
Published: August 2013

Strabo called Mediolanum (Milan) an ἀξιόλογος πόλις and classed it above all other cities in the region of Cisalpine Gaul, with the exception of Patavium (Padua). Patavium in its prime, the Augustan period, could register five hundred equestrians in a census, a number equalled only by Gades (Cadiz) among cities in the West. The presence of so many equestrians indicates a substantial population-base. Cisalpine cities as a whole impressed Strabo as being larger and richer than those of the rest of Italy.Thus, if Strabo is any guide, Mediolanum was already in his time (the beginning of the Principate), an important city, perhaps not far behind Patavium in size. Moreover, the fortunes of Mediolanum, unlike those of Patavium, were not on the wane. No contemporary of Augustus could have forecast that Mediolanum would be chosen as a seat of emperors in the fourth century. But seen in the light of the city's development in the early empire as an administrative, cultural and economic centre, this was a logical choice.
Historical and Topographical Notes on Early Mediaeval South Etruria
Authors: Wickham C. J. 
Published: August 2013

NOTE STORICHE E TOPOGRAFICHE SULL'ETRURIA MERIDIONALE DEL PRIMO MEDIOEVO: PARTE IQuesto articolo forma la prima parte di una duplice indagine di documenti del periodo 700–1200, con lo scopo di sviluppare una documentazione medievale controparte alle indagini della BSR sull'Etruria Meridionale, per una regione comprendente la zona di indagine diAger Veientanusle cui estensioni si allungano verso ovest a Cesano e verso est al Tevere. La regione è più o meno inclusa in una lista di chiese del 11° secolo, lista che sopravvive in una copia nel registro di Papa Gregorio IX, ci dà una base per l'analisi documentaria di esempi di insediamenti medievali nel 11° secolo. In questo articolo le zone intorno all'Isola Farnese, Cesano, Fanello, Sacrofano e le pianure a est dell'Isola sono analizzate. Nel 11° secolo i castelli della pianura sembrano essere stati luoghi per sistemazioni in nuclei, ma lungo le strade consolari e negli altopiani gli insediamenti sparsi sopravvissero. Per la maggior parte, la proprietà in quel periodo era molto frammentaria e ciò sembra essere stato per 1′ 8° e 9° secolo, periodo ‘domusculta’, che l'autore non considera come un periodo di bonifica e consolidamento. Conclusioni generali appariranno nella II parte.
Thomas Dempster and ancient Etruria: a review of the autobiography and de Etruria regali
Authors: Leighton Robert , Castelino Celine 
Published: August 2013

THOMAS DEMPSTER E L'ANTICA ETRURIA: UN COMMENTO ALL'AUTOBIOGRAFIA E AL DE ETRURIA REGALILo studioso scozzese Thomas Dempster (1579–1625) è forse meglio noto come l'autore del de Etruria Regali, la prima esaustiva opera sugli antichi Etruschi. La pubblicazione, avvenuta circa un secolo dopo la sua morte, contribui alla rinascita dell'interesse accademico, e anche mondano, verso la cultura etrusca e allo sviluppo della “Etruscheria”. Non meno interessante della sua opera di studioso fu la storia della sua vita e della sua carriera. A dieci anni Dempster lasciò una burrascosa vita familiare per intraprendere gli studi a Cambridge e in alcune istituzioni cattoliche della Francia, del Belgio e a Roma: qui avvenne l'incontro con celebrati studiosi nella temperie della Controriforma. Laureato con lode, iniziò una brillante carriera che lo portò a essere un noto sebbene controverso, insegante, poeta, scrittore, storico e oratore. La sua reputazione gli assicurò protezione e cariche accademiche: per breve tempo fu Historiographer Royal durante i regni di Giacomo I e VI, ebbe cattedre prestigiose a Pisa e Bologna. Lungi dall'essere uno studioso schivo, Dempster partecipò attivamente alla vita politica dell'epoca e fu spesso al centro di accese discussioni. La sua reputazione è stata sminuita dalla mancanza di un certo giudizio critico, ben chiara nei suo scritti, e dalla tendenza a rivendicare fantasiosi diritti nel momento in cui si trattava della Scozia o del proprio passato. Lettere e documenti hanno comunque contribuito a creare un quadro più completo, in particolare della sua carriera in Italia, e hanno permesso una ridefinizione della sua vita e della sua opera.
Multiple alignment-free sequence comparison
Authors: Ren Jie , Song Kai , Sun Fengzhu , Deng Minghua , Reinert Gesine 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Motivation: Recently, a range of new statistics have become available for the alignment-free comparison of two sequences based on k-tuple word content. Here, we extend these statistics to the simultaneous comparison of more than two sequences. Our suite of statistics contains, first, and , extensions of statistics for pairwise comparison of the joint k-tuple content of all the sequences, and second, , and , averages of sums of pairwise comparison statistics. The two tasks we consider are, first, to identify sequences that are similar to a set of target sequences, and, second, to measure the similarity within a set of sequences.
Results: Our investigation uses both simulated data as well as cis-regulatory module data where the task is to identify cis-regulatory modules with similar transcription factor binding sites. We find that although for real data, all of our statistics show a similar performance, on simulated data the Shepp-type statistics are in some instances outperformed by star-type statistics. The multiple alignment-free statistics are more sensitive to contamination in the data than the pairwise average statistics.
Availability: Our implementation of the five statistics is available as R package named ‘multiAlignFree’ at be http://www-rcf.usc.edu/∼fsun/Programs/multiAlignFree/multiAlignFreemain.html.
Contact: reinert@stats.ox.ac.uk
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Cigarette smoke impairs phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils by alveolar macrophages via inhibition of the histone deacetylase/Rac/CD9 pathways
Authors: Noda Naotaka , Matsumoto Koichiro , Fukuyama Satoru , Asai Yukari , Kitajima Hiroko , Seki Nanae , Matsunaga Yuko , Kan-o Keiko , Moriwaki Atsushi , Morimoto Konosuke , Inoue Hiromasa , Nakanishi Yoichi 
Published: August 2013

AbstractEfferocytosis, which is the homeostatic phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, prevents the release of toxic intracellular contents and subsequent tissue damage. Impairment of efferocytosis was reported in alveolar macrophages (AMs) of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a common disease caused by smoking. In COPD, histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity is reduced in AMs. We investigated whether the reduction of HDAC activity is associated with the impairment of efferocytosis. Murine AMs were collected by bronchoalveolar lavage and their ability to efferocytose apoptotic human polymorphonuclear leukocytes was assessed. Pre-treatment of AMs with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) or trichostatin A (TSA), an HDAC inhibitor, suppressed efferocytosis and CSE reduced HDAC activity. TSA inhibited the activity of Rac, a key mediator of efferocytosis. These TSA-induced impairments were restored by treatment of AMs with aminophylline, a potent activator of HDAC. To further elucidate the underlying mechanism, we explored a role of CD9 in TSA-induced impairment of efferocytosis. CD9 is a transmembrane protein of the tetraspanin family that facilitates the uptake of several pathogens and other material. TSA profoundly down-regulated the expression of CD9 on AMs. The expression of CD9 was partly down-regulated by the Rac inhibitor. Pretreatment with an anti-CD9 mAb or CD9 small interfering RNA inhibited efferocytosis, which was attributable to the reduced binding of AMs to apoptotic cells. These results suggest that smoking impairs efferocytosis via inhibition of HDAC/Rac/CD9 pathways. Aminophylline/theophylline is effective in restoring the impairment of efferocytosis and might have benefit for the treatment of patients with COPD.
Pattern of similarities/differences in time orientation and advertising attitudes
Authors: Kaynak Erdener , Kara Ali , S.F. Chow Clement , Riza Apil Ali 
Published: August 2013

Purpose
– The empirical, cross-national study reported here examines how time orientations influence attitudes toward advertising in two emerging Asian economies with very different background and time orientation, namely Macau and Georgia. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– Questionnaire was used as an instrument to conduct a survey for the study. The questionnaire design was adapted from Rojas-Méndez et al. study. The two samples were collected through either a drop-off-and-pick-up method or street-intercept interview.

Findings
– Georgians are found to be more past oriented and had had more suspicious feelings about advertising whereas Macau data indicated more future-orientation was the most dominant dimensions and they had better dispositions towards advertising.

Practical implications
– With the findings, managers of different time orientation markets can consider one more factor to strike for the optimal balance in placing their promotional budget between pull and push strategy, and between above-the-line and below-the-line activities when executing the pull strategy.

Social implications
– Government of different time orientation can be more informed of the effectiveness of using advertising to communicate with its citizens in its culture.

Originality/value
– Studies on how time orientation relates to attitudes toward advertising are few and such relationship appears to be never compared within two Asian countries with very different background and time orientation.
Social exchange outcomes of transformational leadership
Authors: Reza Zeinabadi Hassan 
Published: August 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate gender differences in transformational leadership and social exchange outcomes in public primary schools in Tehran, Iran.Design/methodology/approachA total number of 400 teachers and 77 principals completed questionnaires. Multivariate analysis of variance was performed to determine gender differences in transformational leadership dimensions including idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration. Also, multiple regression was used to identify the impact of dimensions on three social exchange outcomes including procedural justice, trust in principal, and organizational citizenship behaviors of teachers.FindingsResults showed that female principals as compared to male principals obtained significantly higher scores on transformational leadership dimensions and the greater amount of transformational behaviors displayed by them has accompanied with the greater prediction of social exchange outcomes.Research limitations/implicationsThis study suggests that there are some benefits associated with having female principals and schools could particularly benefit from developing principal training programs that focus on developing female principals qualities. Some following limitations could be avoided in future research: only relying on teacher rating of principal, possible effect of the teacher's gender on the relationship of transformational leadership with social exchange outcomes, and principal‐teacher gender mach limitation in rating principals.Originality/valueGiven the limited studies conducted on gender differences in transformational leadership and social exchange outcomes in schools and in Iran, this study provides empirical insights and extends this line of inquiry in public schools. This study confirms the results of previous studies which they have found females as more transformational than male counterparts and also provides new finding surrounding social exchange outcomes. These results could be influential in encouraging Iranian policy makers to further acknowledge women administration in public schools.
Arbitration of intra‐corporate disputes
Authors: Kennett Wendy 
Published: August 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the possible use of arbitration in disputes involving claims against directors. It takes as its starting point a recent decision of the English Court of Appeal, Fulham Football Club [1987] Ltd v. Richards, in which the Court confirmed the enforceability of an arbitration agreement in proceedings where one of the defendants was the company chairman, and asks how far this case is representative of a general trend.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology adopted is comparative, with particular but not exclusive reference to laws in the USA, the UK, France and Germany. The paper examines case law and literature in three intersecting areas. First, it notes the existence of distinctive approaches to corporate governance which broadly correspond to those of common law and civil law (outsider and insider) jurisdictions. Second, it reviews the relative significance in different jurisdictions of public and private law mechanisms for enforcing compliance with the rules designed to ensure good governance. Finally, to the extent that private enforcement is relevant, it explores how far intra‐corporate disputes are considered arbitrable in the selected jurisdictions.FindingsIt is apparent that the function performed by claims against directors in some jurisdictions – notably the USA and to a lesser extent the UK – is performed by other mechanisms elsewhere. In Germany, for example, actions for the annulment of company resolutions are a common form of intra‐corporate dispute. A trend towards the use of arbitration to resolve intra‐corporate disputes can be observed, but this may be limited to cases where there is a desire to preserve the relationship between the parties – which is frequently not the case where claims against directors are involved. Where that relationship is already damaged beyond repair, litigation may offer greater advantages.Research limitations/implicationsThere is, nevertheless, a lack of empirical data as to the actual use of arbitration – as compared to litigation – in intra‐corporate disputes in the jurisdictions under consideration.Originality/valueThe main value of this paper is thus to clarify the parameters of a field for further investigation.
Towards pan shot face unlock
Authors: Dieter Findling Rainhard , Mayrhofer Rene 
Published: August 2013

PurposePersonal mobile devices currently have access to a significant portion of their user's private sensitive data and are increasingly used for processing mobile payments. Consequently, securing access to these mobile devices is a requirement for securing access to the sensitive data and potentially costly services. The authors propose and evaluate a first version of a pan shot face unlock method: a mobile device unlock mechanism using all information available from a 180° pan shot of the device around the user's head – utilizing biometric face information as well as sensor data of built‐in sensors of the device. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approachThis approach uses grayscale 2D images, on which the authors perform frontal and profile face detection. For face recognition, the authors evaluate different support vector machines and neural networks. To reproducibly evaluate this pan shot face unlock toolchain, the authors assembled the 2013 Hagenberg stereo vision pan shot face database, which the authors describe in detail in this article.FindingsCurrent results indicate that the approach to face recognition is sufficient for further usage in this research. However, face detection is still error prone for the mobile use case, which consequently decreases the face recognition performance as well.Originality/valueThe contributions of this paper include: introducing pan shot face unlock as an approach to increase security and usability during mobile device authentication; introducing the 2013 Hagenberg stereo vision pan shot face database; evaluating this current pan shot face unlock toolchain using the newly created face database.
Effectiveness of policies for mitigating supply disruptions
Authors: Son Joong Y. , Orchard Ryan K. 
Published: August 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine supply‐side disruptions in a supply chain, and to analyse the effectiveness of two inventory‐based policies for mitigating the impact of supply disruptions: maintaining strategic inventory reserves (the R‐policy), and using larger orders (the Q‐policy).Design/methodology/approachThe paper assess the effectiveness of two inventory‐based mitigating policies implemented at a reseller when end customer demand is stable but supply can be disrupted. An analytical model is provided, and numerical experiments are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the policies for mitigating the impact of disruption under different disruption scenarios.FindingsResults indicate that the R‐policy performs consistently better than the Q‐policy in terms of product availability measures, as tested under a wide range of frequency and duration of supply disruptions.Practical implicationsSupply chain trends of lean operations and global sourcing have exposed business organizations to a greater risk and have further raised the need to protect businesses against random supply disruptions.Originality/valueThe paper intends to contribute to the narrowing of the gap in the research of supply‐side disruptions. Further, the topic of inventory reserves has been discussed to date in only a very general sense; the paper proposes conditions for practical implementation and provides unique insights into the effectiveness of the use of strategic inventory reserves as a supply disruption mitigation policy.
The perceived impact of packaging logistics on the efficiency of freight transportation (EOT)
Authors: Kye Dongmin , Lee Jeongeun , Lee Kang‐Dae 
Published: August 2013

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the perceived impact of packaging logistics on the efficiency of freight transportation (EOT), and examine the interaction and relationship between packaging logistics and EOT.Design/methodology/approachThe paper set up the conceptual model with seven hypotheses from the findings of previous literatures, and this model was tested with data and SEM.FindingsThe paper provided empirical insights about the perceived impact of packaging logistics on EOT and clarified the relative impact levels in the relationship between packaging logistics and EOT.Research limitations/implicationsIn spite of the chosen research approach, the perceived impact of information system on EOT may lack generalisability. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test the proposed propositions in further studies.Practical implicationsFindings of this study can be used by practioners to improve EOT and by researchers to investigate further studies.Originality/valueThe paper fulfilled a need from previous literatures to clarify the interaction and relationship between packaging logistics and EOT.