bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurocognitive Outcome in Very Long‐Term Survivors of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia After Treatment with Chemotherapy Only
Authors: Kanellopoulos Adriani , Andersson Stein , Zeller Bernward , Tamnes Christian K. , Fjell Anders M. , Walhovd Kristine B. , Westlye Lars T. , Fosså Sophie D. , Ruud Ellen 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundThere is a concern regarding long‐term cognitive late effects after treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The present study assessed neuropsychological function in very long‐term childhood ALL survivors treated with chemotherapy only. We also investigated associations between neurocognitive performance and individual treatment load.ProcedureOne‐hundred and twelve adult ALL survivors, diagnosed 1970–2002 before age 16 and treated with chemotherapy only, and 100 comparison peers underwent neuropsychological tests covering processing speed, executive functions, working memory, and verbal learning and memory. Individual cumulative doses of cytostatic agents were extracted from the medical records for each patient.ResultsMean age at diagnosis for survivors was 6.3 years and mean follow‐up time was 22.6 years. There was no difference in general intellectual ability between survivors and comparison peers. However, survivors performed significantly more poorly in the neurocognitive domains’ processing speed (P = 0.003, Cohen's d 0.48), executive functions, and working memory (both P < 0.001, Cohen's d 0.81–0.95). Among survivors, the rates of poor neurocognitive performance (>1.5 SD below control mean) for processing speed was 22%, executive functions 31%, working memory 34%, and verbal learning and memory 16%. Comparing survivors with poor versus normal neurocognitive performance, we found no difference with respect to cumulative doses of any of the cytostatic agents, age at diagnosis, or gender.ConclusionsVery long‐term survivors of childhood ALL treated exclusively with chemotherapy showed no impairment in general intellectual ability, but significantly poorer performance in several neurocognitive domains than comparison peers. However, no associations emerged between neurocognitive impairment and treatment burden. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of poly(n‐butyl acrylate) homopolymer and poly(styrene‐b‐n‐butyl acrylate‐b‐styrene) triblock copolymer via AGET emulsion ATRP using a cationic surfactant
Authors: Xue Zhigang , Wang Zhen , He Dan , Zhou Xingping , Xie Xiaolin 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTCationic emulsions of triblock copolymer particles comprising a poly(n‐butyl acrylate) (PnBA) central block and polystyrene (PS) outer blocks were synthesized by activator generated by electron transfer (AGET) atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Difunctional ATRP initiator, ethylene bis(2‐bromoisobutyrate) (EBBiB), was used as initiator to synthesize the ABA type poly(styrene‐b‐n‐butyl acrylate‐b‐styrene) (PS‐PnBA‐PS) triblock copolymer. The effects of ligand and cationic surfactant on polymerizations were also discussed. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) was used to characterize the molecular weight (Mn) and molecular weight distribution (MWD) of the resultant triblock copolymers. Particle size and particle size distribution of resulted latexes were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The resultant latexes showed good colloidal stability with average particle size around 100–300 nm in diameter. Glass transition temperature (Tg) of copolymers was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 611–620
Coatings with thermally switchable surface energy produced from poly(ethylene oxide)‐poly(dimethylsiloxane) block copolymer films
Authors: Davis Raleigh L. , Register Richard A. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThis work explores coatings with thermally switchable wetting behavior, based on block copolymers that possess both hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments. The amphiphilic block copolymers were synthesized by coupling allyl‐ended poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and hydride‐ended poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) oligomers via a Pt catalyst. One near‐symmetric diblock possessed an order‐disorder transition temperature (TODT) of 64 °C. When cooled throughTODTin ambient air, the PDMS domains wet the film's surface, producing a hydrophobic coating with a water contact angle (CA) = 90°. However, when cooled in humidified air, hydrophilic PEO domains form at the surface, yielding CA = 30–40°. The coatings can be reversibly switched between the two states by reheating aboveTODT, in the appropriate environment, and then cooling, rapidly generating the desired room‐temperature surface wettability. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 135–140
Comparison of Two Methods for Estimating Adjustable One‐Point Cane Length in Community‐Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Camara Camila Thais Pinto , de Freitas Sandra Maria Sbeghen Ferreira , de Lima Waléria Paixão , Lima Camila Astolphi , Amorim César Ferreira , Perracini Monica Rodrigues 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackground and PurposeOur aim is to estimate inter‐observer reliability, test–retest reliability, anthropometric and biomechanical adequacy and minimal detectable change when measuring the length of single‐point adjustable canes in community‐dwelling older adults.MethodsThere are 112 participants in the study. They are men and women, aged 60 years and over, who were attending an outpatient community health centre. An exploratory study design was used. Participants underwent two assessments within the same day by two independent observers and by the same observer at an interval of 15–45 days. Two measures were used to establish the length of a single‐point adjustable cane: the distance from the distal wrist crease to the floor (WF) and the distance from the top of the greater trochanter of the femur to the floor (TF). Each individual was fitted according to these two measures, and elbow flexion angle was measured.Results and DiscussionInter‐observer reliability and the test–retest reliability were high in both TF (ICC3.1 = 0.918 and ICC2.1 = 0.935) and WF measures (ICC3.1 = 0.967 and ICC2.1 = 0.960). Only 1% of the individuals kept an elbow flexion angle within the standard recommendation of 30° ± 10° when the cane length was determined by the TF measure, and 30% of the participants when the cane was determined by the WF measure. The minimal detectable cane length change was 2.2 cm.ConclusionOur results suggest that, even though both measures are reliable, cane length determined by WF distance is more appropriate to keep the elbow flexion angle within the standard recommendation. The minimal detectable change corresponds to approximately a hole in the cane adjustment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐temperature high‐performance liquid chromatography on a porous graphitized carbon column coupled to an Orbitrap mass spectrometer with atmospheric pressure photoionization for screening exogenous anabolic steroids in human urine
Authors: Virus Edward D. , Luzyanin Boris P. , Ivanov Alexander V. , Kubatiev Aslan A. 
Published: August 2015

RationaleThe presence in a urinary matrix of a large number of endogenous steroids and corticosteroids with similar structures can hamper the detection of specific exogenous steroids using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) with reversed‐phase columns. Therefore, the development of LC/MS methods using alternative columns is of great interest. Porous graphitized carbon is a unique stationary phase for high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), with properties differing from traditional silica‐based and polymeric stationary phases.MethodsThe new method involves enzymatic hydrolysis, liquid–liquid extraction, and determination by high‐temperature HPLC/Orbitrap mass spectrometry (HTLC/Orbitrap MS) with atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI). To achieve APPI of doping substances, the mobile phase consisted of 0.1% CF3COOH (A) and a mixture of acetonitrile/2‐propanol (25:75 v/v), containing 0.1% CF3COOH (B), which was used as an effective proton source.ResultsA screening method for the detection of 57 exogenous steroids has been developed. The method was validated by spiking 10 different blank urine samples at different concentration levels. Validation parameters included limit of detection (LOD), selectivity, ion suppression, extraction recovery, and repeatability. All studied compounds had an LOD lower than the minimum required performance level. Of the 57 steroids studied, 55 showed recovery better than 70%. For all of the analytes, the relative retention times proved to be stable between days, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) smaller than 0.3%. In addition, the interday RSDs of the peak area ratios ranged between 0.7% and 14.5%.ConclusionsThe proposed method matches the basic requirements of all methods used to analyze drugs or metabolites in an antidoping laboratory, i.e., sensitivity, selectivity, and specificity. The acquisition of full‐scan mass spectra with accurate masses can be a valuable tool in the retrospective evaluation of analyzed samples for anabolic steroids recently added to the prohibited list. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analytical methods and application of stable isotopes in dissolved organic carbon and inorganic carbon in groundwater
Authors: Zhou Yinzhu , Guo Huaming , Lu Hai , Mao Ruoyu , Zheng Hao , Wang Jun 
Published: August 2015

RationaleThe stable isotopes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and inorganic carbon (DIC) provide insights into the carbon cycle, biogeochemical processes, and the fate of redox‐sensitive elements in groundwater systems. The simultaneous determination of the stable isotope ratios (δ13CDIC and δ13CDOC values) in DIC and DOC in water samples would provide better understanding of those processes.MethodsThe conditions for pretreating water samples prior to determining their DIC and DOC stable isotope ratios were optimized with a series of experiments on pre‐purging (GasBench needle versus blowing concentrator) and reaction conditions. The carbon stable isotope ratios were determined by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Sequential determination of the δ13CDIC and δ13CDOC values was also carried out using the optimized conditions. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) δ13C standards were utilized to verify the precision of the proposed method.ResultsThe optimized pretreatment conditions for DIC isotope analysis involved pre‐purging the empty sample bottle for 60 min using a pressurized helium gas‐blowing concentrator and then reacting the sample with 85% H3PO4 for 60 min in a water bath at 60°C. The optimized pretreatment conditions for DOC isotope determination involved pre‐purging the sample for 60 min with the pressurized helium gas‐blowing concentrator after adding 0.1 mol L–1 AgNO3 and 85% H3PO4 and then reacting with Na2S2O8 as an oxidant and AgNO3 as a catalyst, in a 100°C water bath for 60 min.ConclusionsWith the optimized methods, the analytical precision of the δ13CDIC and δ13CDOC values of the reference samples was 0.02‰. The precision of δ13CDIC and δ13CDOC values in groundwater samples was 0.03‰ and 0.17‰, respectively. For the sequential determination of the DIC and DOC carbon isotope ratios, the precision of the δ13CDIC and δ13CDOC values in reference samples was better than 0.2‰. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of six new Alternaria sulfoconjugated metabolites by high‐resolution neutral loss filtering
Authors: Kelman Megan J. , Renaud Justin B. , Seifert Keith A. , Mack Jonathan , Sivagnanam Kumaran , Yeung Ken K.‐C. , Sumarah Mark W. 
Published: August 2015

RationaleMany species of Alternaria damage important agricultural crops, including small grains and tomatoes. These fungi can produce a variety of secondary metabolites, some of which are toxic to humans and animals. Interest in screening for conjugated or 'modified' mycotoxins has increased because of their tendency to evade traditional analytical screening methods. Two sulfoconjugated Alternaria toxins have been reported and the potential exists for many more.MethodsOne hundred and forty‐eight Canadian strains of Alternaria spp., about half of them isolated from grain, were grown on Potato Dextrose Agar in Petri dishes for 7 days. Plugs of each strain were removed, extracted and screened by a rapid liquid chromatography (LC)/data‐dependent tandem mass spectrometry (MS2) method in negative electrospray ionization mode. Data generated on an Orbitrap Q‐Exactive mass spectrometer was processed by post‐acquisition neutral loss filtering (NLF). Seven isolates that produced sulfoconjugates of known Alternaria toxins were selected for growth on three additional types of fermentation media.ResultsCollision‐induced dissociation of sulfoconjugated ions displayed a distinctive neutral loss of SO3 (79.957 Da) that was detected in the MS2 datasets using post‐acquisition NLF. A total of 108 of the 148 isolates screened produced sulfoconjugated metabolites on agar plates. Analysis of the seven isolates grown in liquid culture, on rice and Cheerios, led to the discovery of six new, two previously reported and 30 unidentified sulfoconjugated compounds.ConclusionsNLF of HRMS2 data from an Orbitrap Q‐Exactive is a powerful tool for the rapid discovery of sulfoconjugated fungal metabolites. This technique could also be applied to the detection of other important conjugated mycotoxins such as glucosides. The majority of the Canadian isolates of Alternaria spp. studied produced sulfoconjugated metabolites, some of which had no known 'free' Alternaria precursor metabolite, indicating that they are possibly new metabolites. The advantage of sulfoconjugation to Alternaria spp. is unknown, and warrants further study into the mechanisms behind the sulfur assimilatory pathways. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of body mass index on clinical short‐term outcomes in robotic colorectal surgery
Authors: Lagares‐Garcia Jorge , O'Connell Abigail , Firilas Anthony , Robinson Christopher Chad , Dumas Bonnie P. , Hagen Monika E. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundRobotic surgery has been developed to address the technical limitations of laparoscopic surgery and might result in similar outcomes for patients with low and high body mass index (BMI).MethodsDemographic, peri‐operative data and surrogate oncologic markers for colorectal cancer of patients that underwent robotic colorectal procedures were collected in a prospective database and analyzed.Results103 consecutive patients (36 normal‐weight, 33 overweight, 34 obese) underwent robotic colorectal surgery from 11/2011 to 05/2012. While operating room (OR) time was longer for the obese patients (123.4 vs 137.9 and 154.7 min), results for estimated blood loss (104.2 vs 153 and 155.9 mL), conversions (2.8 vs 6.1 and 5.9%), complications (19.4 vs 21.2 and 32.4%), re‐admissions (11.1 vs 112.1 and 20.6) and mortality (0% for all) were comparable. BMI did not affect the surrogate markers in patients with malignancies.ConclusionsData demonstrates that patient BMI does not have a significant impact on short‐term clinical outcomes during robotic colorectal surgery. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of secondary user communication on security communication of primary user
Authors: Sibomana Louis , Tran Hung , Tran Quang Anh 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCognitive radio network concept has been considered as a promising solution to improve the spectrum utilization. However, it may be vulnerable to security problems as the primary user (PU) and secondary user (SU) access the same resource. In this paper, we consider a system model where an eavesdropper (EAV) illegally listens to the PU communication in the presence of a SU transmitter (SU‐Tx) communicating with a SU receiver (SU‐Rx). The SU‐Tx transmit power is subject to the peak transmit power constraint of the SU and outage probability constraint of the PU. Given this context, the effect of the interference from the SU‐Tx to the EAV on the primary system security is investigated. In particular, analytical expressions of the probability of existence of non‐zero secrecy capacity and secrecy outage probability of the PU are derived. Moreover, the performance analysis of the secondary network is examined where closed‐form expressions of the symbol error probability and achievable rate are presented. Numerical examples are provided to evaluate the impact of the primary system parameters and channel conditions among users on the system performance of secondary and primary networks. Interestingly, our results reveal a fact that the security of the primary network strongly depends on the channel condition of the SU‐Tx to the EAV link and the transmit power policy of the SU‐Tx. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An introduction to the structural design of rocking wall‐frames with a view to collapse prevention, self‐alignment and repairability
Authors: Grigorian Mark , Grigorian Carl 
Published: August 2015

SummaryThe purpose of this article is to present a new method of analysis for the structural design of pin‐supported rocking wall‐moment frames with supplementary devices and post‐tensioned stabilizers. The function of the wall is to prevent soft story failure, impose uniform drift and provide support for the supplementary equipment. The proposed methodology lends itself well to several seismic design strategies, ranging from severe damage avoidance, to collapse prevention, to structural self‐alignment and repairability. Repairability means avoiding major damage to columns and foundations. The success of the resulting solutions is due to the single degree of freedom behavior of the combined system and the fact that its overall performance is not significantly affected by minor changes in the stiffness of the wall. The sensitivity of the response to wall rigidity is addressed by comparing the maximum elastic slope of the wall with a fraction of the specified uniform drift. The limitations of rocking wall‐moment frames, as viable lateral resisting systems, have been addressed. Several worked examples have been presented to provide insight and technical information that may not be readily available from electronic output. The proposed solutions are exact within the bounds of the theoretical assumptions and are ideally suited for manual as well as spreadsheet computations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
From existing trends to future trends in privacy‐preserving collaborative filtering
Authors: Ozturk Adem , Polat Huseyin 
Published: August 2015

The information overload problem, also known as infobesity, forces online vendors to utilize collaborative filtering algorithms. Although various recommendation methods are widely used by many electronic commerce sites, they still have substantial problems, including but not limited to privacy, accuracy, online performance, scalability, cold start, coverage, grey sheep, robustness, being subject to shilling attacks, diversity, data sparsity, and synonymy. Privacy‐preserving collaborative filtering methods have been proposed to handle the privacy problem. Due to the increasing popularity of privacy protection and recommendation estimation over the Internet, prediction schemes with privacy are still receiving increasing attention. Because research trends might change over time, it is critical for researchers to observe future trends. In this study, we determine the existing trends in the privacy‐preserving collaborative filtering field by examining the related papers published mainly in the last few years. Comprehensive examinations of the most up‐to‐date related studies are described. By scrutinizing the contemporary inclinations, we present the most promising possible research trends in the near future. Our proposals can help interested researchers direct their research toward better outcomes and might open new ways to enrich privacy‐preserving collaborative filtering studies. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2015, 5:276–291. doi: 10.1002/widm.1163This article is categorized under:

Technologies > Prediction
What is the role of curvature on the properties of nanomaterials for biomedical applications?
Authors: Gonzalez Solveyra Estefania , Szleifer Igal 
Published: August 2015

The use of nanomaterials for drug delivery and theranostics applications is a promising paradigm in nanomedicine, as it brings together the best features of nanotechnolgy, molecular biology, and medicine. To fully exploit the synergistic potential of such interdisciplinary strategy, a comprehensive description of the interactions at the interface between nanomaterials and biological systems is not only crucial, but also mandatory. Routine strategies to engineer nanomaterial‐based drugs comprise modifying their surface with biocompatible and targeting ligands, in many cases resorting to modular approaches that assume additive behavior. However, emergent behavior can be observed when combining confinement and curvature. The final properties of functionalized nanomaterials become dependent not only on the properties of their constituents but also on the geometry of the nano‐bio interface, and on the local molecular environment. Modularity no longer holds, and the coupling between interactions, chemical equilibrium, and molecular organization has to be directly addressed in order to design smart nanomaterials with controlled spatial functionalization envisioning optimized biomedical applications. Nanoparticle's curvature becomes an integral part of the design strategy, enabling to control and engineer the chemical and surface properties with molecular precision. Understanding how nanoparticle size, morphology, and surface chemistry are interrelated will put us one step closer to engineering nanobiomaterials capable of mimicking biological structures and their behaviors, paving the way into applications and the possibility to elucidate the use of curvature by biological systems. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2016, 8:334–354. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1365This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing
Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Three Copper(II) Compounds with 2‐Furoic Acid: A Dinuclear Paddle‐wheel Unit and Two Coordination Polymers Supported by Pyridyl Donor Ligands
Authors: Marinho Maria Vanda , Faria Marques Lippy , Maia Daniel S. , Speziali Nivaldo L. , Yoshida Maria Irene , Janczak Jan , Hörner Manfredo , Cimini Corrêa Charlane , Diniz Renata , Machado Flávia C. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThree copper(II) complexes, [Cu2(O2CC4H3O)4(H2O)2]·H2O (1), {[Cu2(O2CC4H3O)4(bipy)2(H2O)2]·2H2O}n(2), and {[Cu(bpp)2(H2O)](O2CC4H3O)2·7H2O} (3) [O2CC4H3O = 2‐furanocarboxylate anion, bipy = 4, 4′‐bipyridine, and bpp = 1, 3‐bis(4‐pyridyl)propane] were synthesized and their crystal and molecular structures were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Compound 1 consists on bimetallic tetracarboxylate units exhibiting a common paddle wheel structure. The paddle wheel units are connected by hydrogen bonding along the crystallographic b axis and π–π stacking interactions between the furano rings along the crystallographic c axis, giving rise to a 2D supramolecular array. Compounds 2 and 3 were made up in the presence of 4, 4′‐bipyridine and 1, 3‐bis(4‐pyridyl)propane ligands, respectively, to produce 1D polymeric chains by metal‐ligand interactions. The presence of other weak non‐covalent interactions in these compounds extends the systems dimensionality to form 3D supramolecular networks.