bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the antioxidant and antidiabetic potentials of Syzygium cumini L. landraces: phytochemicals, bioactive constituents and pathway enrichment analysis
Authors: Gajera Harsukh P. , Hirpara Darshna G. , Gevariya Shila N. , Savaliya Disha D. , Parasana Jigar S. 
Published: July 2024

SummaryThis study proposes an efficient antidiabetic strategy by identifying potential mechanisms of antioxidant metabolism and α‐amylase inhibition in Syzygium cumini L. fruits. Six indigenous landraces of S. cumini were evaluated for major phytochemicals and bioactive constituents using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) profiling and correlated with antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. Black jamin landrace‐6 (BJLR‐6), characterised by small fruits, exhibited greater 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and in vitro α‐amylase inhibition, especially in the kernel. The kernel of BJLR‐6 had the lowest IC50 for DPPH radicals (4.2 μg mL−1) and α‐amylase inhibition (5.3 μg mL−1). Therapeutic compounds like terpenoids in the pulp and alkaloids in the seed contribute to their curative potential. GC–MS profiling of BJLR‐6 revealed major bioactive constituents like propanamide, allantoic acid and 2‐furancarboxaldehyde in the pulp and alkaloids such as piperazine, 3‐pyridinol, imidazole and furan carboxaldehyde in the kernel tissues. Pathway enrichment analysis of bioactive constituents emphasises antioxidant and insulin‐regulating pathways, steroid hormone metabolism and signal transduction pathways associated with therapeutic/antidiabetic activity in fruit pulp and kernel tissues. This study unveils the phytochemical composition and novel bioactive constituents in the fruit parts of small‐fruited S. cumini BJLR‐6, emphasising their potential as a better source of functional herbal formulations.
Drying of extracts from Coriolus versicolor using the lyophilisation technique and their application in new industrially produced dehydrated soups
Authors: Stojanova Monika , Pantic Milena , Boev Blazo , Mihajlovic Dragana , Stojanova Marina Todor , Niksic Miomir 
Published: July 2024

SummaryThis research aimed to produce water and ethanol extract of the medicinal mushroom Coriolus versicolor, to lyophilise the extracts and to determine the influence of the lyophilised extracts, as a complete substitute for the MSG additive, on the sensory properties of industrially produced dehydrated vegetable soup. Based on SEM analysis, it can be observed that there are differences in the microstructure between the water and ethanol extracts. In the water extract, a great heterogeneity is observed in terms of structural characteristics. Water extract showed identical antimicrobial activity (15.7 mm) against Enterococcus faecalis compared to tetracycline, while the ethanol extract had identical antimicrobial activity (14.0 mm) compared to chloramphenicol. Both extracts can be competitive (P < 0.05) with BHT in terms of capturing DPPH radicals. According to the results of the sensory analysis, it can be noted that all analysed soups were well received (quality <70%) by the evaluators.
F2c.*C20209T mutation in patients with a history of thrombosis: A case report, retrospective 2 site‐results and review of the literature
Authors: Jambou Didier , Saut Noemie , Queyrel Viviane , Appert‐Flory Anny , Fischer Florence , Suchon Pierre , De Pooter Neila , Toulon Pierre 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionG20210A (c.*97G>A) prothrombin gene variant, found in white population has been associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Other rare polymorphisms in F2 gene (C20209T) have been reported, more rare and touching black people, but its potential association with VTE remain uncertain.MethodsAbout a 69 years‐old Caucasian woman presenting an unprovoked deep venous thrombosis of the leg, we analyzed retrospectively 25.000 thrombophilia tests on a 11‐year period of time (2007–2018), at Nice and Marseille University Hospitals, and performed extensive review of the literature.ResultsGenetic determination included a similar PCR protocol and sequencing. Twenty‐one heterozygous cases out of 25.585 determinations (0.08%) was found. The C20209T mutation detected in our Caucasian patient is rare, with a frequency that differed from what was reported in the previous literature, mainly in non‐Caucasian patients (Africans, Africans‐Americans, and Caribbeans). One hundred and thirteen patients with this mutation have been described in the literature, of which only one homozygous.ConclusionThis study is the most important on C20209T mutation performed at present, allowing to precise its frequency and its potential role in venous thromboembolism.
Currency internationalization with Chinese characteristics: Is capital‐account convertibility required for the renminbi to acquire reserve‐currency status?
Authors: Eichengreen Barry , Macaire Camille , Mehl Arnaud , Monnet Eric , Naef Alain 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIt is widely assumed that the renminbi (RMB) cannot acquire a meaningful place in central bank reserve portfolios without full liberalization of China's capital account. We argue that the RMB can in fact develop into an international reserve currency in the absence of capital‐account convertibility. Trade and investment links can drive use despite limited access to Chinese financial markets. But this route to currency internationalization requires policy support. China must provide access to RMB through loans and the People's Bank of China (PBoC) currency swaps. It must ensure the convertibility of RMB into US dollars in offshore markets. It must provide RMB services at a stable and predictable price. Currency internationalization without full capital‐account liberalization thus requires the RMB to be backed by dollar reserves, which the PBoC consequently will continue to hold and use. Hence, we do not foresee RMB internationalization as supplanting dollar dominance.
Who Cares? Service Users' Opinions and Opportunities for Family Involvement in Mental Health Care
Authors: Cameron Sarah L. A. , Laletas Stella , Gallo Cordoba Beatriz , McLean Louise 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTInvolving families in mental health care can provide benefits to service users, their families and clinicians. However, family involvement is neither uniform nor routine. Understanding the complexities of this involvement is critical to improving application. This study sought to increase current knowledge about service users' opinions and opportunities for family involvement in mental health care. Data were collected from a total of 10 adult participants through 10 individual semi‐structured interviews of approximately 30 min each. Findings are reported in accordance with COREQ and EQUATOR guidelines. Thematic analysis identified several consistent themes: respect for service user opinions of family involvement; opportunities for family involvement; negative and positive service user opinions of family involvement. Our findings support previous appeals for routine family involvement in care but extend this charge with the assertion that as important is a customary discussion with service users to ask their opinions about this involvement. Establishing this dialogue prior to treatment commencement has the potential to alleviate or resolve service user concerns and potentially improve and/or increase how families are engaged.
Non‐destructive molecular methods to identify Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), a major vector of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae)
Authors: Qi Jingyu , Nan Junke , Zhao Xiaogu , Zhao Mengqin , Zhang Xiang , Gao Xiaomeng , Liang Chaoqiong , Fan Jiangbin , He Hong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMonochamus alternatus is one of the most important borers of conifers and the main vector of the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the causal agent of pine wilt disease. It causes massive death of pine trees and seriously affects the health of forest ecosystems. Traditionally, adults or larvae are identified by morphological or molecular methods. However, diagnosing M. alternatus larvae at different instars collected from forests is expensive and time‐consuming. Non‐destructive molecular diagnostic protocols are, therefore, being developed to detect biological traces (i.e. exuviae, excreta) and to determine the distribution and spread of this pest. In this study, based on the alignment of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences of M. alternatus and other insect species, we designed the primer pair of Mal‐SF/Mal‐SR and probe of Mal‐P for M. alternatus. TaqMan probe‐based qPCR was developed to identify the occurrence of M. alternatus in forests by amplifying the DNA samples obtained from its adult, larva, frass, excreta and exuviae. The amplification results were very effective. The lowest amount of M. alternatus DNA that could be detected with a Cq of 31.93 in the mixed samples was 0.64 pg, showing very high sensitivity. This assay can easily identify M. alternatus from other non‐target wood‐borer species using its frass and exuviae, providing a new diagnostic protocol for monitoring the occurrence and distribution of M. alternatus in forests.
New perspective on the role of Doru luteipes as a predator of the fall armyworm: Non‐consumptive effects, predatory preference and functional response
Authors: Rodrigues‐Silva Ana Luisa , Lopes Gualberto Patrick , Simão Sérgio Domingos , de Oliveira Izabela Regina Cardoso , Marucci Rosangela Cristina 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn Brazil, the common earwig Doru luteipes (Scudder) (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) is considered an important biocontrol agent for the maize crop, consuming the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs and caterpillars from 1st to the 3rd instar. Despite this, several aspects of the interaction between these species have not yet been studied. We aim to evaluate the non‐consumptive effects of earwigs on the oviposition of moths, the earwig's predatory preference between eggs and neonates and its functional response to S. frugiperda eggs. In no‐choice tests between plants with or without the presence of the predator, S. frugiperda moths deposited a smaller number of eggs on plants with risk of predation. In choice‐based tests, earwigs initially attacked newborn caterpillars, but preferred to feed on eggs. Males and females fed more on eggs with increasing supply density and consumption was adjusted to the type II functional response curve. D. luteipes males were more efficient predators than females when exposed to higher egg densities. These findings clarify aspects of the predatory role of D. luteipes on S. frugiperda that had not yet been addressed and suggest that the earwig has potential for impacting the colonization and population growth of S. frugiperda in maize crops, if conditions are favourable to its early arrival.
Inequality and health: Can medical practice address the consequences of inequalities?
Authors: Peterson Chris L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe extent to which governments provide socioeconomic supports has been highlighted by their spending during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This has implications for patterns of inequality, in particular on exacerbating unequal health and well‐being.ResultsInequity has expanded due to neoliberalism, a market‐based approach that has endured for more than four decades. Together with COVID‐19, it has developed and exposed many structural governance differences.DiscussionThere are a number of examples presented of the effects of inequalities on health and well‐being. The role of general practice in addressing these is discussed and challenges are highlighted, especially those relating to payment systems and workforce constraints.
Packing for your JCAMP journey and reflecting on lessons learned along the way
Authors: Johnson Diana Rugh , Schulterbrandt Beverly 
Published: July 2024

AbstractState Court Improvement Programs (CIPs) are responsible for conducting assessments of their foster care and adoption laws and judicial processes, and developing and implementing projects that improve child welfare court practices and the delivery of legal services in child welfare. JCAMP, the Judicial, Court, and Attorney Measures of Performance, provides states with the tools to collect the data necessary to inform those projects and measure their success. This article walks CIPs, judges, child welfare agencies, attorneys, parents and youth with lived experience, and anyone else with an interest in improving the child welfare court system through the JCAMP implementation process while reflecting on lessons learned by jurisdictions currently using JCAMP to collect court data. Key takeaways from these states include the importance of diverse teams, strong project management, and long‐term planning for data use and project sustainability.
Lactococcus lactis MA5 is a potential autochthonous probiotic for nutrient digestibility enhancement and bacterial pathogen inhibition in hybrid catfish (Ictalurus punctatus × I. furcatus)
Authors: Huang Jing , Jordan Heather R. , Older Caitlin E. , Griffin Matt J. , Allen Peter J. , Wise David J. , Goodman Penelope M. , Reifers J. Grant , Yamamoto Fernando Y. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWith the emergence of diseases, the U.S. catfish industry is under challenge. Current trends prefer autochthonous bacteria as potential probiotic candidates owing to their adaptability and capacity to effectively colonize the host's intestine, which can enhance production performance and bolster disease resistance. The objective of this study was to isolate an autochthonous bacterium as probiotic for hybrid catfish. Initially, an analysis of the intestinal microbiota of hybrid catfish reared in earthen ponds was conducted for subsequent probiotic development. Twenty lactic acid bacteria were isolated from the digesta of overperforming catfish, and most of the candidates demonstrated probiotic traits, including proteolytic and lipolytic abilities; antagonistic inhibition of catfish enteric bacterial pathogens, negative haemolytic activity and antibiotic susceptibility. Subsequent to this screening process, an isolate of Lactococcus lactis (MA5) was deemed the most promising probiotic candidate. In silico analyses were conducted, and several potential probiotic functions were predicted, including essential amino acids and vitamin synthesis. Moreover, genes for three bacteriocins, lactococcin A, enterolysin A and sactipeptide BmbF, were identified. Lastly, various protectant media for lyophilization of MA5 were assessed. These findings suggest that Lactococcus lactis MA5 can be an autochthonous probiotic from hybrid catfish, holding promise to be further tested in feeding trials.
Identification of cellular and noncellular components of mature intact human peripheral nerve
Authors: Aparicio Gabriela I. , Quintero Jorge E. , Plum Lauren , Deng Lingxiao , Wanczyk Kristen , Henry Miriam , Lynch Evan , Murphy Michael , Gerhardt Greg A. , van Horne Craig G. , Monje Paula V. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsThe goal of this study was to define basic constituents of the adult peripheral nervous system (PNS) using intact human nerve tissues.MethodsWe combined fluorescent and chromogenic immunostaining methods, myelin‐selective fluorophores, and routine histological stains to identify common cellular and noncellular elements in aldehyde‐fixed nerve tissue sections. We employed Schwann cell (SC)‐specific markers, such as S100β, NGFR, Sox10, and myelin protein zero (MPZ), together with axonal, extracellular matrix (collagen IV, laminin, fibronectin), and fibroblast markers to assess the SC's relationship to myelin sheaths, axons, other cell types, and the acellular environment.ResultsWhereas S100β and Sox10 revealed mature SCs in the absence of other stains, discrimination between myelinating and non‐myelinating (Remak) SCs required immunodetection of NGFR along with axonal and/or myelin markers. Surprisingly, our analysis of NGFR+ profiles uncovered the existence of at least 3 different novel populations of NGFR+/S100β− cells, herein referred to as nonglial cells, residing in the stroma and perivascular areas of all nerve compartments. An important proportion of the nerve's cellular content, including circa 30% of endoneurial cells, consisted of heterogenous S100β negative cells that were not associated with axons. Useful markers to identify the localization and diversity of nonglial cell types across different compartments were Thy1, CD34, SMA, and Glut1, a perineurial cell marker.InterpretationOur optimized methods revealed additional detailed information to update our understanding of the complexity and spatial orientation of PNS‐resident cell types in humans.
“All creatures great and small, welcome”: Animating accessible world design
Authors: Rowe Rebecca 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUsing four animated texts about anthropomorphic animals—Zootopia (2016), Sing (2016), Sing 2 (2021), and Zootopia+ (2022)—this article explores two related questions: How can animated films featuring cities for anthropomorphic animals rethink accessibility? How is accessibility sustained and/or adapted through continuations as seen in franchises and transmedia storytelling? I argue that the two series I analyze offer two different approaches to accessibility and the maintenance of it, one which works better than the other. This comparison suggests that accessibility needs to be an integral part of world design from the very beginning in order to stay stable over time.
Epidemiology of Angiostrongylus vasorum and Crenosoma vulpis infection in dogs in Denmark
Authors: Lundsgaard K. 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesThis retrospective study aimed to evaluate the risk factors (age and breed group) associated with Angiostrongylus vasorum and Crenosoma vulpis infection in dogs.Materials and MethodsFaecal examinations obtained in dogs from January 2016 to December 2021 as part of routine clinical practice at two veterinary clinics in the Odsherred region of Zealand, Denmark, were included in this study. Faecal samples were analysed using the Baermann technique for nematode detection. Samples were collected from two clinics located in Northwestern Zealand, Denmark. Multinomial regression analysis, quasi‐Poisson models and a generalised additive model for linearity were used to analyse the data.ResultsA total of 2,013 faecal samples were included in the study. Age was a significant risk factor for a positive Baermann, with a negative linear relationship observed (A. vasorum odds ratio: 0.80, 95% confidence interval: 0.70 to 0.91, C. vulpis odds ratio: 0.95, 95% confidence interval: 0.91 to 0.99, both nematodes: odds ratio: 0.87, 95% confidence interval: 0.77 to 0.99). Breed group analysis considering retrievers and flushing and water dog as reference group, demonstrated that sheep‐ and cattle dogs had a reduced risk of C. vulpis infection (odds ratio: 0.49, 95% confidence interval: 0.24 to 0.97), whereas dachshunds had an increased risk of A. vasorum infection (odds ratio: 3.28, 95% confidence interval: 1.14 to 9.47). Variations in the number of nematodes was found, with companion and toy dogs exhibiting higher numbers of C. vulpis (incidence rate ratio: 21.40, 95% confidence interval: 2.88 to 159) and sheep‐ and cattle dogs displaying higher numbers of A. vasorum (incidence rate ratio: 30.20, 95% confidence interval: 7.33 to 125). The prevalence rates of C. vulpis and A. vasorum were estimated at 14.50% (95% confidence interval: 13 to 16.10) and 3.40% (95% confidence interval: 2.70 to 4.30), respectively.Clinical SignificanceThere are significant risk factors for nematode infection in dogs that can be considered for proper preventive care of this condition.
Phylogeography and paleoclimatic range dynamics explain variable outcomes to contact across a species' range
Authors: Lamb Keric , Debban Catherine L. , Galloway Laura F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractReplicability of divergence after contact is a poorly characterized process, particularly in the contexts of phylogeography and postglacial range dynamics within species. Using contact zones located at the leading‐, mid‐ and rear‐edges of a species' range, we examined variation in outcomes to contact between divergent lineages of Campanula americana. We investigated whether contact zones vary in quantity and directionality of gene flow, how phylogeographic structure differs between contact zones, and how historic range dynamics may affect outcomes to contact. We found that all contact zones formed at similar times via primary contact yet detected significant admixture in only the rear‐edge (RE) contact zone. In the northern leading‐edge contact zone and the mid‐range Virginia contact zone, gene flow was minimal and asymmetric. In the southern RE contact zone, gene flow was strong and symmetric. Asymmetric admixture in the leading‐edge and Virginia contact zones matches the directionality of a known cosmopolitan cytonuclear incompatibility between lineages of C. americana. Our results emphasize the dependence of speciation processes on phylogeographic structure, evolutionary history and range dynamics.
A speculative turn in science and philosophy of science
Authors: Perović Slobodan , Ćirković Milan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper describes the main features and goals of the speculative work in modern sciences that has greatly accelerated since World War II due to the exponential increase in computing power and newly available theoretical and conceptual tools. It points to the long historical strand of speculative philosophical work in symbiosis with the sciences, suggests the reasons for its unexpected neglect in contemporary professional philosophy of science, why it should be a major approach, and why such pursuit is not inevitable. Finally, the paper outlines potential topics, fields, and tools for such collaborative work and argues it is likelier to be more fruitful today than at any point in the past hundred years.
Biotic and abiotic drivers of harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) fine‐scale densities in the Salish Sea
Authors: Brusa Jamie L. , Pearson Scott F. , Raphael Martin G. , Gardner Beth 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUnderstanding relationships between environmental characteristics and variation in species occurrence and density can provide information for managing human activities, protected species, and species of commercial importance in a dynamic system. To identify environmental drivers associated with variation in harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) densities in the Salish Sea, Washington, we analyzed 20 years of boat‐based survey data and environmental covariates using a hierarchical distance sampling model. We included spatial, temporal, and spatiotemporal environmental covariates in our model and produced fine‐scale predictive maps displaying in‐water estimated densities from our model results. We found that spatial covariates were the strongest predictors for harbor seal densities in the Salish Sea. Harbor seals were more abundant closer to major river mouths, near shore, in shallower waters, and in areas with more haul‐out sites. Additionally, harbor seal density varied with shoreline type. Changes in predicted harbor seal spatial use of the Salish Sea varied but with little difference between breeding/molting and nonbreeding/nonmolting seasons. Our results revealed spatiotemporal variation in harbor seal fine‐scale density in the Salish Sea, which are particularly important for conservation planning, as spatiotemporal variation in harbor seal density can exert heterogenous top‐down effects on prey species populations, some of which are threatened.