bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High performance power handling in the absence of an H-mode edge in negative triangularity DIII-D plasmas
Authors: Scotti F. , Marinoni A. , McLean A.G. , Paz-Soldan C. , Thome K.E. , Zhao M. , Allen S. , Austin M. , Burke M.G. , Eldon D. , Fenstermacher M. , Hyatt A. , Lasnier C.J. , Leonard A. , Lore J. , Nelson A.O. , Osborne T. , Sauter O. , Truong D. , Van Zeeland M.A. , Wang H.Q. , Wilcox R. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Experiments performed during strongly-shaped high-power diverted negative triangularity (NT) experiments in DIII-D achieved detached divertor conditions and a transient-free edge, showcasing the potential for application of NT to a core-edge integrated reactor-like scenario and providing the first characterization of the parametric dependencies for detachment onset. Detached divertor conditions will be required in future devices to mitigate divertor heat fluxes. Access to dissipative divertor conditions was investigated via an increase in upstream density. Detachment onset at the outer strike point was achieved with H-mode level confinement

H

98
−
y
2

∼
1

and reactor-relevant normalized pressures

β

N

∼
2

. Confinement degradation was observed with deeper detachment, associated with the loss of an electron temperature pedestal. Differences in geometry, radial transport, impact of cross field drifts are discussed to explain differences in access to detachment in NT discharges. Higher normalized densities, with respect to equivalent discharges in positive triangularity, were necessary to achieve detachment, partially explained by the shorter parallel connection length to the targets. The effect of cross-field particle drifts (E×B, B

×
∇

B) on access to detachment was demonstrated by the lower upstream density needed to access detachment with ion B

×
∇

B drift directed outside of the active divertor (Greenwald fraction

f

Gw

∼

0.9–1.0 vs

f

Gw

∼

1.3). The upstream density at detachment onset was observed to increase linearly with plasma current with ion B

×
∇

B drift into the divertor, consistent with the observed narrowing of the scrape-off layer heat flux width λ

q
. Edge fluid simulations capture separatrix densities needed to achieve detachment in NT plasma and their dependence on drift direction. The ability to reproduce detachment dynamics in NT plasma increases the confidence in future design studies for NT divertors.
Medium and Long Term Wind Power Generation Forecasting Method Based on Multi-model Fusion
Authors: Xiang Guangwei , Lan Tian , Liu Liping 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Accurate, long-term wind power forecasting is crucial for effective power grid operation planning. It can enhance the stability and security of the power system. We propose a combined medium and long-term wind power generation prediction method based on multi-model fusion to study forecasting. By analyzing the connection between meteorological data and wind power generation, we identify the pivotal factors that impact wind power output and determine the best input data scheme. Based on the predictive outcomes, we select the suitable core predictive sub-models and use the particle swarm optimization algorithm to achieve the dynamic optimization of the weight for each sub-model. Afterwards, we allocate the optimized weights to each sub-model and establish a fused multi-model advantage-based combined predictive platform for wind power generation for the medium and long term. The wind power forecast is enhanced through the dynamic weighted combination forecasting technique, which significantly enhances forecast precision.
A TEMPEST Attack Implementation based on Hidden Markov model in Smart Grid
Authors: Qiao Hong , Wang Kaiyi , Huang TanLong , Xu Xianyong , Liu Shuai , Chen Junxingxu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A Smart Grid contains a large number of terminals to gather voltage, current, and power data. If these terminals are attacked by hackers to steal data and disrupt the operation of the grid, the grid will encounter a huge challenge. And side channel attack is an attack way that uses information signals (such as electromagnetic radiation, and computer hardware running sound) inadvertently released by the computer to decipher. The computer keyboard generates electromagnetic radiation signals during operation, and hackers may acquire your account and password through the keyboard’s tapping sound, resulting in the leakage of important data. This article analyzes the electromagnetic radiation leakage vulnerabilities of keyboards and designs a way to implement a TEMPEST (Transient Electromagnetic Pulse Emanation Surveillance Technology) Attack based on the Hidden Markov model, which can provide a foundation for avoiding potential risk.
A Fault Prediction Method for Secondary Electric Power Equipment Based on Multi-Round Undersampling Random Forest
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhou Ning , Ou Rui , Li Dezhi , Yang Yulu , Luo Yuanyuan , Zhou HuiDong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
It is necessary to predict the fault states of the large number of power secondary equipment using intelligent methods. However, when compared to large-scale equipment, the number of negative samples representing faulty equipment is significantly smaller than the number of positive samples representing normal equipment. This leads to a pronounced imbalance between positive and negative samples in the task of fault prediction. In this paper, we propose a multi-round undersampling random forest method to predict the fault situations of secondary electric power equipment. First, we collect data from historical power system logs to build the dataset for power secondary equipment and preprocess it. The undersampling method is utilized to generate a balanced dataset of secondary power equipment with a smaller sample size. We generate multiple balanced datasets through rounds of random undersampling without replacement to train multiple random forest models. Subsequently, we predict fault situations in secondary electric power equipment through comprehensive decision-making by these multiple random forest models. We employ a real dataset from the power system of Chongqing, China, for experimental validation. The results demonstrate the superiority of our method over other machine learning prediction models used for comparison.
Predictive Set Point Modulation Control for Lithium-ion battery Management Systems with DC-DC Converters
Authors: Yan Jiahao , Meng Qianqian , He Yuanhao , Chen Ze 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries, widely used in devices such as smartphones, remote controllers, and electric vehicles, often require adjustments to the output voltage to meet the varying demands of different devices. For instance, smartphones dynamically change the battery supply to enhance battery life, and electric vehicles necessitate different load voltages due to frequent start-stop cycles. This introduces the need for DC-DC converters to step up or step down the load voltage. However, this poses challenges to the stability of the bus voltage. In this study, we adopt a method for regulating the bus voltage reference value to predict and stabilize the voltage supplied by lithium-ion batteries. We first model the power supply system of lithium-ion batteries and then design a cascaded control framework for the voltage of DC bus. We introduce a predictive set-point control approach that eliminates the necessity to modify the energy storage system to mitigate voltage fluctuations. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed method effectively mitigates voltage overshoots in the DC bus.
Analysis of Parasitic Parameters and Winding Loss Characteristics of High-Frequency Transformer under Different Winding Structures
Authors: Dou Minglei , Zhao Wenliang , Zhang Li , Sun Youliang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
With the development of the smart grid and the increasing access of renewable energy to the distribution grid, the traditional AC power grid puts forward an urgent demand for power electronic transformer (PET). The high-frequency transformer (HFT) serves as the core equipment of PET, and its electromagnetic structure and parasitic parameters are the hot spot of study in the field of power electronics. In this paper, the parasitic parameters, winding loss, and leakage magnetic field characteristics of the 20 kHz, 20 kVA HFT are investigated under different winding structures. The results show that the higher the degree of crossover of HFT winding, the lower the leakage magnetic field. The cross winding reduces winding loss and leakage inductance, and also attenuates the impact of frequency variations. The higher the winding height, the lower the leakage inductance. As the insulation thickness increases, the leakage inductance rises. The distribution capacitance varies opposite to the leakage inductance. Based on the analysis of winding loss and parasitic parameters, as well as the consideration of insulation, the final winding layout, the height of winding and the thickness of insulation of the HFT are determined.
Optimization Scheduling Strategy for Energy Storage and Cement Load Aggregation Considering Production Constraints
Authors: Xiao Kang , He Zichen , Xiao Yuduo , Chang Delong , Zhang Pengchao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
For energy-intensive cement enterprises closely related to adjustable potential and production processes, an optimization scheduling model is proposed based on the coupling relationship between tasks and materials, taking into account the production constraints of cement users. In addition, energy storage-side pumped storage is aggregated to regulate resources, further enhancing the flexibility of regulation. For pumped storage devices, the constraints include power constraints during the charging and discharging process, power equality constraints, state constraints during charging and discharging, energy state constraints, and final energy constraints. For cement enterprises, taking the example of the new dry cement production process, the generation/consumption of materials and the occupation/release of equipment in each process are analyzed. The state-task network method is used to abstract materials and processes into states and tasks respectively, establishing process constraints for cement load production. Case simulation verifies that the proposed method can effectively reduce the comprehensive electricity cost of pumped storage and cement enterprises while ensuring the normal operation of pumped storage and cement enterprises, providing data guidance and support for cement enterprises to participate in grid interaction.
Research on Anti-breakage Target Detection Method of Transmission Line based on Improved YOLOv5
Authors: Chen Wentao , Ding Yang , Lin Menghao , Song Hui , Li Tong , Gong Songbai 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Illegal construction operations and sudden outbursts in transmission corridor protection areas pose a threat to the safe and stable operation of transmission lines. It is very important to identify the transmission line breakage risk to guarantee power grid security. The existing target detection model has many parameters and a large capacity, which makes it difficult to implement the deployment of edge terminals and cannot detect the risk of transmission line outbreaks in real time. This paper proposed a transmission line anti-breach detection method based on improved YOLOv5. Firstly, the CSPdarknet53 module is replaced with a lightweight MobilenetV3 module to reduce the model parameter number. The SPP module is replaced by SimSPPF module to realize the fast conversion of multi-scale image convolution features. Finally, the ECA attention mechanism is introduced to improve the ability of the model to focus on key features, thereby improving the overall performance of the model. Experiment results show that the proposed method has a smaller parameter number and a mAP value of 97.77%, which is the best overall performance, and provides support for the realization of outbreak risk warning of transmission lines based on edge intelligence.
An Equivalent PCS Model for Energy Storage System
Authors: Ma Dajun , Zhang Xing , Li Xu , Ding Yong , Li Gang , Lu Yu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The power conversion system (PCS) for energy storage system (ESS) has been rapidly developed in recent years, due to the more and more integration of new energy sources. Before the large-scale applications of PCSs in practice, the simulation works are essential to verify its performances. The conventional switching PCS model has been reliably used to complete simulation work, when the number of PCS is less. Nevertheless, when the simulation work with large-scale PCSs is carried out, the number of PCS will be enormous, the simulation work will be difficult to be completed by the switching PCS model, because of the unacceptable long simulation time. Hence, an equivalent PCS model is needed and proposed in this paper. The topology and control mothed of the equivalent PCS model are concretely introduced. The simulation works with steady state and dynamic process are completed by both switching PCS model and the proposed equivalent PCS model. The compared results illustrate the high accuracy of proposed equivalent PCS model. The real simulation times for two models are calculated and compared, which illustrates the high rapidity of proposed equivalent PCS model.
Multi-Objective Optimization Scheduling of Microgrids Considering Single Use Cost of Energy Storage and Unit Combination Startup and Shutdown Cost
Authors: Zhang Baojie , Sun Yiqian , Zhao Hongfeng , Hao Hongyan , Kang Pengpeng , Yang Guixing , Liu Defu , Fan Guowei , Liu Guowei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Microgrids typically consist of various energy resources such as thermal power, solar energy, wind energy, energy storage, and so on. These energy resources have different characteristics and fluctuations. By utilizing the characteristics of different energy resources in a complementary and synergistic manner, their energy utilization efficiency can be promoted and the system stability can be improved. This paper considers the energy storage device in the completion of a single charge and discharge loss, that is, the single-use cost. Special attention to the impact of start-stop costs of unit combinations on microgrid operations. It proposes that in the daily dispatch and operation of microgrids, sinking costs can be reasonably reduced within a reasonable range, and power supply reliability can be appropriately lowered to improve the economic performance of power systems. Using the single-use cost of energy storage devices and the start-stop costs of unit combinations as variables, their impact on the economic operation of isolated microgrids is analyzed. For grid-connected microgrids with the objectives of minimizing operating costs and achieving optimal environmental protection, an optimal balance between economic and environmental performance is achieved through solving by Anti-Entropy weight method and Particle Swarm Optimization combination.
Analysis on Discharge Fault of Busbar in 220kV Gas Insulated Switchgear
Authors: Wang Yi , Bi Conglai , Qi Zhuang , Gao Qian , Sun Zhe , Bai Xuelei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the disintegration of the 220kV gas insulated switchgear (GIS) basin-type insulator which discharge is occurred during the restoring power supply process of a 220kV transformer substation is introduced. The relay protection action is analyzed and the results of predelivery test are traced. Meanwhile, the electric field of the basin-type insulator is simulated and analyzed. Finally, the cause of discharge fault of basin-type insulator is determined.
Architecture Research on Differentiated Lightning Protection of Distribution Network Considering Plateau Microtopography
Authors: Hu Chunhua , Dong Tiezhu , Chen Xin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Lightning is the main and severe threat to 10kV and 35kV medium-voltage distribution networks. It will cause equipment failures or damage, tripping and even power outages. With the construction of modern distribution networks, the requirements for power supply reliability are getting higher and higher. Therefore, lightning protection of distribution networks has received great attention. The key point is to find a cost-effective way to protect against lightning. This paper proposed an architecture for differentiated lightning protection of distribution networks considering plateau micro-topography. The main idea is to take multiple measures to obtain rich data, including a lightning positioning system, 3D laser scanning and digital elevation model. Differences in lightning parameters, line and tower parameters, topographic parameters are thought to bring different lightning tripping rates for each tower. Then tripping rate of each area element is obtained through meshing and discrete calculation. Total tripping rate is finally obtained by summation of all elements. The proposed architecture plans to provide a clue for differentiated lightning protection for the distribution network.
Research on Probabilistic Load Modeling and Simulation Model of Electric Vehicle Charging Station
Authors: Pan Yan , Zhang Peiwen , Zhao Wei , Xu Peng , Chen Qifang , Dong Ye 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The stochastic nature of electric vehicle charging station loads poses certain challenges in establishing relevant load models. This paper introduces a probabilistic load modeling approach that considers factors such as the time electric vehicles begin charging, daily travel distance, charging power, and charging duration. By comprehensively studying the influencing factors of charging station load modeling and combining Monte Carlo simulation with probabilistic statistical analysis, a comprehensive probability load model for typical charging stations is developed. Building upon this, a charging load simulation model is constructed using Simulink. This model can generate daily load curves consistent with the probability load model, making a positive contribution to the study of the impact of electric vehicles on the power grid.
Review on Risk Assessment of Power System under Rainstorm-Flood and Disaster Control Improvement Strategies
Authors: Wu Wenjie , Hou Hui , Zhou Yangjun , Wei Guohui , Zhang Wei , Zhong Shiwen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The global warming and El Nino effects are becoming more and more obvious now. These result in frequent rainstorms, especially in coastal areas. It is necessary to deeply study evolution mechanism of rainstorm-flood disasters, assess disaster risk of power grid, and formulate efficient power grid flood control strategies. Firstly, the research progress of disaster modeling is summarized according to the disaster evolution mechanism. The differences between hydrological models and machine learning models are compared, and the possibility of combining them is discussed. Secondly, current disaster risk assessment methods of power grid and their application in rainstorm-flood disasters to quantify flood prevention capacity are reviewed. Thirdly, the power grid flood control measures are studied from the perspective of pre-disaster grid reinforcement and post-disaster repair to improve resilience. Finally, in view of the above content, the shortcomings of current researches and feasible research directions in the future are proposed.
Integrated Structural Hole and K-shell Algorithm for Tsallis Entropy-based Identification of Key Nodes in Power Grids
Authors: Wei Qian , Song Wenrong , Ji Li , Zhang Yiwei , Sun Yongguang , Sun Hongjun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Considering the low-carbon development goals of “peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality,” traditional energy enterprises, including oil fields, have accelerated the incorporation of new energy into their power grids. However, incorporating new energy generation into traditional oilfield power grids yields a series of safety hazards, making the stability of the oilfield power grid structure increasingly important. In this paper, a redefined theory of structural holes and the K-shell algorithm are utilized to identify both local and global key nodes in the oilfield power grid. The improved Tsallis entropy is employed to recognize these key nodes, accounting for their local influence within the oilfield power grid as well as their global status. Additionally, considering the electrical characteristics of the nodes, a set of measurement metrics suitable for oilfield power grid research is constructed. Finally, the IEEE-39 feeder system is simulated and compared with other key node identification methods. By analyzing the robustness of the topological structure and the loss load value of the power system after removing key nodes, the reliability and superiority of the proposed method are verified.
Research on Partial Discharge Characteristics of Suspension Defect in GIS under the Action of Voltage and Current
Authors: Bao Zhenghong , Ren Jiyun , Wang Lili , Wang Shengjie , Chen Yao , Li Zibin , Wang Zile , Ma Yongfu , Li Liao , Chen Huan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Gas insulated switchgear (GIS) is a critical component in power system, and the insulation testing is crucial before putting it into operation. Despite passing AC withstand tests, some GIS equipment exhibit insulation faults during operation. Existing AC withstand tests fall short in detecting all insulation faults in GIS equipment. To address this issue, a proposal is made to conduct a comprehensive simulation of actual GIS equipment operating conditions through a combined voltage and current boost test, aiming to address the limitations of existing tests. This study, based on a 330kV GIS test platform, compares the partial discharge characteristics of suspension defects under traditional voltage-boosting mode and the combined voltage and current boost mode. The research investigates the influence of simultaneously applying voltage and current on discharge characteristics. It is observed that the voltage and current boost combined mode significantly increase the partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV) and the corresponding apparent discharge compared to other modes. The apparent discharge quantity after a certain period of current flow during the discharge development process is greater than that observed in other modes. The current notably enhances the ultrasonic amplitude of partial discharge. These findings establish an experimental foundation for conducting voltage and current combined boost tests in the field.
Low-voltage Compensation of Distribution Networks Based on A Hybrid UPQC with Single and Three-phase Converters
Authors: Chen Shichuan , Shen Xielin , Yuan Bo , Peng Weiwen , Ye Hua , Lei Zhiping 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
For remote distribution networks, low voltage is prevalent, which seriously affects the normal use of electricity. Aiming at solving the voltage sag/dip problems in 10.5 kV distribution networks, a hybrid UPQC with a shunt single-phase rectifier and a series three-phase inverter is proposed in this paper. The shunt single-phase rectifier is connected to the feeder lines with the highest and lowest voltage phases to supply enough energy to the series inverter, and the three-phase inverter compensates the voltage deviation by injecting active power through a series transformer, such that the voltage sag/dip problems can be mitigated. The control strategies of the two converters are designed in detail in this paper. Compared with the traditional UPQC with two three-phase converters, the proposed method has the advantage of simpler control methods and lower cost. Finally, the proposed method is verified through MATLAB/Simulink model.