bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Injury History, Sex, and Performance on the Functional Movement Screen and Y Balance Test
Authors: Chimera Nicole J. , Smith Craig A. , Warren Meghan 
Published: March 2015

ContextResearch is limited regarding the effects of injury or surgery history and sex on the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) and Y Balance Test (YBT).ObjectiveTo determine if injury or surgery history or sex affected results on the FMS and YBT.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingAthletic training facilities.Patients or Other ParticipantsA total of 200 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I female (n = 92; age = 20.0 ± 1.4 years, body mass index = 22.8 ± 3.1 kg/m2) and male (n = 108; age = 20.0 ± 1.5 years, body mass index = 27.0 ± 4.6 kg/m2) athletes were screened; 170 completed the FMS, and 190 completed the YBT.Intervention(s)A self-reported questionnaire identified injury or surgery history and sex. The FMS assessed movement during the patterns of deep squat, hurdle step, in-line lunge, shoulder mobility, impingement-clearing test, straight-leg raise, trunk stability push-up, press-up clearing test, rotary stability, and posterior-rocking clearing test. The YBT assessed balance while participants reached in anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions.Main Outcome Measure(s)The FMS composite score (CS; range, 0–21) and movement pattern score (range, 0–3), the YBT CS (% lower extremity length), and YBT anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral asymmetry (difference between limbs in centimeters). Independent-samples t tests established differences in mean FMS CS, YBT CS, and YBT asymmetry. The Mann-Whitney U test identified differences in FMS movement patterns.ResultsWe found lower overall FMS CSs for the following injuries or surgeries: hip (injured = 12.7 ± 3.1, uninjured = 14.4 ± 2.3; P = .005), elbow (injured = 12.1 ± 2.8, uninjured = 14.3 ± 2.4; P = .02), and hand (injured = 12.3 ± 2.9, uninjured = 14.3 ± 2.3; P = .006) injuries and shoulder surgery (surgery = 12.0 ± 1.0, no surgery = 14.3 ± 2.4; P &lt; .001). We observed worse FMS movement pattern performance for knee surgery (rotary stability: P = .03), hip injury (deep squat and hurdle: P &lt; .042 for both), hip surgery (hurdle and lunge: P &lt; .01 for both), shoulder injury (shoulder and hand injury: P &lt; .02 for both), and shoulder surgery (shoulder: P &lt; .02). We found better FMS movement pattern performance for trunk/back injury (deep squat: P = .02) and ankle injury (lunge: P = .01). Female athletes performed worse in FMS movement patterns for trunk (P &lt; .001) and rotary (P = .01) stability but better in the lunge (P = .008), shoulder mobility (P &lt; .001), and straight-leg raise (P &lt; .001). Anterior asymmetry was greater for male athletes (P = .02).ConclusionsInjury history and sex affected FMS and YBT performance. Researchers should consider adjusting for confounders.
Skin Cooling and Force Replication at the Ankle in Healthy Individuals: A Crossover Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Haupenthal Daniela Pacheco dos Santos , de Noronha Marcos , Haupenthal Alessandro , Ruschel Caroline , Nunes Guilherme S. 
Published: March 2015

Context
Proprioception of the ankle is determined by the ability to perceive the sense of position of the ankle structures, as well as the speed and direction of movement. Few researchers have investigated proprioception by force-replication ability and particularly after skin cooling.

Objective
To analyze the ability of the ankle-dorsiflexor muscles to replicate isometric force after a period of skin cooling.

Design
Randomized controlled clinical trial.

Setting
Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants
Twenty healthy individuals (10 men, 10 women; age = 26.8 ± 5.2 years, height = 171 ± 7 cm, mass = 66.8 ± 10.5 kg).

Intervention(s)
Skin cooling was carried out using 2 ice applications: (1) after maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) performance and before data collection for the first target force, maintained for 20 minutes; and (2) before data collection for the second target force, maintained for 10 minutes. We measured skin temperature before and after ice applications to ensure skin cooling.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
A load cell was placed under an inclined board for data collection, and 10 attempts of force replication were carried out for 2 values of MVIC (20%, 50%) in each condition (ice, no ice). We assessed force sense with absolute and root mean square errors (the difference between the force developed by the dorsiflexors and the target force measured with the raw data and after root mean square analysis, respectively) and variable error (the variance around the mean absolute error score). A repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis.

Results
The absolute error was greater for the ice than for the no-ice condition (F1,19 = 9.05, P = .007) and for the target force at 50% of MVIC than at 20% of MVIC (F1,19 = 26.01, P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
The error was greater in the ice condition and at 50% of MVIC. Skin cooling reduced the proprioceptive ability of the ankle-dorsiflexor muscles to replicate isometric force.
Athletic Trainers' Facilitators of Professional Commitment in the Collegiate Setting
Authors: Eason Christianne M. , Mazerolle Stephanie M. , Pitney William A. 
Published: March 2015

Context
Professional responsibility, rewards and respect, and time for rejuvenation are factors supporting professional commitment for athletic trainers (ATs) in the high school setting. The inherent complexities of an occupational setting can mitigate perceptions of professional commitment. Thus far, evidence is lacking regarding professional commitment for ATs in other occupational settings.

Objective
To extend the literature on professional commitment of the AT to the collegiate setting.

Design
Qualitative study.

Setting
Collegiate.

Patients or Other Participants
Thirty-three Board of Certification-certified ATs employed in the collegiate setting (National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I = 11, Division II = 9, Division III = 13) with an average of 10 ± 8 years of clinical experience volunteered. Data saturation guided the total number of participants.

Data Collection and Analysis
Online journaling via QuestionPro was used to collect data from all participants. Two strategies, multiple-analyst triangulation and peer review, were completed to satisfy data credibility. Data were evaluated using a general inductive approach.

Results
Likert-scale data revealed no differences regarding levels of professional commitment across divisions. Two themes emerged from the inductive-content analysis: (1) professional responsibility and (2) coworker support. The emergent theme of professional responsibility contained 4 subthemes: (1) dedication to advancing the athletic training profession, (2) ardor for job responsibilities, (3) dedication to the student-athlete, and (4) commitment to education. Our participants were able to better maintain their own professional commitment when they felt their coworkers were also committed to the profession.

Conclusions
The collegiate ATs investigated in this study, regardless of division, demonstrated professional commitment propelled by their aspiration to advance the profession, as well as their dedication to student-athletes and athletic training students. Maintaining commitment was influenced by a strong sense of coworker support.
Athletic Trainers' Barriers to Maintaining Professional Commitment in the Collegiate Setting
Authors: Mazerolle Stephanie M. , Eason Christianne M. , Pitney William A. 
Published: March 2015

Context
Professional commitment simply describes one's obligation to his or her work. For athletic trainers (ATs), the demanding work environment and job expectations may affect their characterization of professional commitment. Our breadth of knowledge regarding professional commitment within athletic training is narrow.

Objective
To evaluate the professional commitment of ATs in the collegiate setting.

Design
Qualitative study.

Setting
Collegiate.

Patients or Other Participants
Thirty-three Board of Certification-certified ATs employed in the collegiate setting (National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I = 11, Division II = 9, Division III = 13) with an average of 10 ± 8 years of clinical experience volunteered. Data saturation guided the total number of participants.

Data Collection and Analysis
Online journaling via QuestionPro was completed by all participants. Multiple-analyst triangulation and peer review were conducted for data credibility. Analysis followed a general inductive method.

Results
Four themes speak to the factors that negatively affect ATs' professional enthusiasm and commitment: (1) life stage, (2) work overload, (3) organizational climate, and (4) human resources. The latter 3 speak to the effect the workplace can have on ATs' professional commitment, and the first speaks to the effect outside responsibilities can have.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that several of the factors that negatively influence the professional commitment of collegiate ATs are modifiable organizational components. Developing resiliency strategies at the individual and organizational levels may help to facilitate improved professional commitment for the AT.
Goed geregeld
Authors: van Eijk Ryan 
Published: March 2015

Well arranged. Mental care at the judiciary.
Ryan van Eijk reacts on a previously in this periodical published article on prison chaplaincy in the Netherlands. This article argued that the growing religious individualisation as well as a political rethinking of the role of religions institutions ask for system adaptations and that the denominational approach is subject to discussion. Van Eijk criticizes this thesis and presents arguments and reasons why the current model is a good one. According to Van Eijk prison chaplaincy cannot and should not be organized only from the right of the detainee, for also aspects like the task of the government and denominational organizations and the detention context have to be considered.
Het crematorium: ruimte voor rituelen en rouw
Authors: Hoondert Martin J.M. 
Published: March 2015

The crematorium: space for rituals and grief
Crematoria in the Netherlands develop from utility buildings to places where attention is paid to death rituals, commemoration and mourning. This trend is clearly visible in policy and subsequent activities of the Tilburg Crematorium (the Netherlands). This article describes this policy and positions it in the broader context of cultural and religious developments in the Netherlands.
Staat, kerk en individuele gelovige: strijd om de dominantie
Authors: van den Brink Jaco 
Published: March 2015

State, church and the individual believer: struggle for dominance
Recently the European Court of Human Rights issued its Grand Chamber judgment in the case of Fernández Martínez versus Spain. This case shows the importance of a sound and justified approach of the collective dimension of religious freedom. It is argued that a perspective from individual autonomy falls short. Instead, an account is proposed which reflects on the nature of religious collectivities, and on the proper place of the state within society. In some aspects of the said judgment, elements of such an approach can be found, while other aspects show more affinity with a contrary approach. The judgment therefore suffers from incoherence, as it is argued.
Knowledge of, Beliefs About, and Perceived Barriers to Organ and Tissue Donation in Serbian, Macedonian, and Greek Orthodox Communities in Australia
Authors: Phillipson Lyn , Larsen-Truong Karen , Pitts Leissa , Nonu Miriam 
Published: March 2015

Context Despite the lifesaving benefits of organ and tissue donation, a worldwide shortage of suitable and registered donors exists. Although the reasons for this shortage are multifactorial, it has been recognized that distinct barriers to registration, family discussion, and consent that require targeted intervention and action are present among minority cultural, religious, and immigrant communities. Objective To explore the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of 3 orthodox religious communities in Australia (Macedonian, Greek, and Serbian Orthodox) and determine the implications for engaging with these communities to improve knowledge, attitudes, family discussion, and the ability to make an informed decision about donation. Design Qualitative approach using focus groups moderated by researchers and bicultural health workers with the assistance of accredited interpreters. Participants 98 adult members of the Greek, Macedonian, and Serbian Orthodox communities in the Illawarra region of New South Wales, Australia. Results Clear barriers to discussing and making an informed decision about organ and tissue donation were identified. Knowledge of processes and procedures was low and discussion about death (and organ and tissue donation) with family members and loved ones was considered taboo. Despite these barriers, all 3 communities expressed a desire for more information and engagement. Of particular interest were the perspectives of 3 types of “experts”: medical, religious, and other community members (who had experience with the organ and tissue donation system). Future programs designed for orthodox religious communities should consider the need for active strategies that facilitate information sharing and engagement between community members and these 3 types of experts.
Survey of Perceptions of Health Care Professionals in the United Kingdom toward Uterine Transplant
Authors: Saso Srdjan , Clarke Alex , Bracewell-Milnes Timothy , Al-Memar Maya , Hamed Ali Hassan , Thum Meen-Yau , Ghaem-Maghami Sadaf , Del Priore Giuseppe , Smith J. Richard 
Published: March 2015

Context Currently, the only 2 options that women with absolute uterine factor infertility have for managing their infertility are surragocy or adoption. These women may also benefit from a possible future third option: uterine transplant Objective To investigate the opinions and views of UK health care professionals toward uterine transplant and rank issues related to uterine transplant by importance in order to make uterine transplant transparent and understandable to colleagues. Design Large, in-depth survey investigating health care professionals' opinions on uterine transplant. Setting Analysis done at Imperial College London. Participants UK transplant professionals (surgeons, nurses, operating room staff, and donor coordinators) and obstetricians and gynecologists (trainees, members, and fellows of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists). Intervention Questionnaires were given out at hospital grand rounds, trainee teaching days, and conferences (national and international). Main Outcome Measures Should uterine transplant take place? Is uterine transplant achievable? What is the rank order of importance of key issues related to uterine transplant? Results The study had 528 participants. With respect to overall support for uterine transplant and as a possible future therapeutic option for absolute uterine factor infertility, 93.8% (n=495) thought that uterine transplant should take place if considered appropriate medically, surgically, and ethically and 57.2% (n= 302) thought it was an achievable objective. Issues related to immunology of uterine transplant and pregnancy after uterine transplant were unanimously thought of as most important. More effort is required to educate health care professionals about all aspects of uterine transplant.
Attitudes and Perceptions of Patients on the Kidney Transplant Waiting List toward Mobile Health—Delivered Physical Activity Programs
Authors: Sieverdes John C. , Raynor Phyllis A. , Armstrong Tracy , Jenkins Carolyn H. , Sox Luke R. , Treiber Frank A. 
Published: March 2015

Context Dialysis patients' lifestyles are associated with low levels of physical activity, increasing the chances of being removed from kidney waiting lists or dying while awaiting transplant because of increased cardiovascular risk factors and deteriorating health conditions. Personalized mobile health (mHealth) delivered programs may support their engagement in healthier lifestyles, maintain transplant eligibility, and reduce premature mortality. Objective To explore barriers and perceptions of physical activity behaviors and gauge interest in using mHealth in a physical activity wellness program for dialysis patients on the kidney transplant waiting list. Participants and Design In-depth key informant interviews were conducted with 22 randomly selected dialysis patients during dialysis treatment in an urban Southeastern coastal city. A theory-guided community-based participatory research approach was used to develop the interview content. Constructivist grounded theory guided the data analysis using NVIVO 10 (QSR Int). The 32-item checklist from the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Studies was used in the qualitative reporting. Results Dialysis patients had a mean age of 46 (SD, 10.7) years, 45% were female, and 82% were African American. Their mean duration on transplant waiting lists was 6.7 (SD 4.3) years, and 73% owned smartphones. After saturation was reached, predominant themes included (1) physical activity was perceived as optional, (2) social support both encouraged and limited physical activity, (3) chronic stress and coping influenced physical activity, (4) spirituality provided strength to engage in physical activity, (5) self-care management practices varied considerably, and (6) high interest (95%) for using mHealth to promote physical activity was found. Patients preferred their home and neighborhood environments to intradialytic settings for engaging in physical activity.
Determinants of Frequent Internet Use in an Urban Kidney Transplant Population in the United States: Characterizing the Digital Divide
Authors: Lockwood Mark , Saunders Milda , Josephson Michelle A. , Becker Yolanda T. , Lee Christopher 
Published: March 2015

Context The Internet is a staple of electronic communication and is essential to the emerging telemonitoring and health information technology interventions for adults with chronic diseases. Objective To identify determinants of frequent Internet use in an urban kidney transplant population in the United States. Design A single center, cross-sectional survey study Setting An urban Midwestern transplant center Participants 78 pretransplant and 177 posttransplant patients Main Outcome Measures Frequent Internet use, defined as using the Internet more than 5 hours per week. Results Only 38% of participants reported being frequent Internet users. Non-Hispanic blacks and participants who reported their race/ethnicity as “other” were significantly less likely than whites to report being frequent Internet users. Women were 59% less likely than men to be frequent users of the Internet. Those who reported having kidney disease for more than 3 years were more likely to report being frequent Internet users. As education increased, Internet use increased. As age increased, Internet use decreased. Conclusion Alternatives to electronic information sources and/or additional resources should be considered for those who may fall in the so-called digital divide.
Les sanctions commerciales visant le travail des enfants : sont-elles « nécessaires » au sens de l’article XX du GATT ?
Authors: Villanueva Francisco C. 
Published: March 2015

Cet article s’insère dans le débat en cours sur l’existence d’une clause sociale implicite dans le cadre de l’Accord général sur les tarifs douaniers et le commerce (GATT) et du droit de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC). L’article met en évidence les difficultés inhérentes au respect de la condition de « nécessité » des paragraphes (a) et (b) de l’article XX du GATT auxquelles des éventuelles mesures restrictives du commerce visant l'éradication du travail des enfants devraient faire face. À cet effet, l’article s’appuie sur la jurisprudence de l’Organe de règlement des différends de l’OMC et tient compte de la position de l’Organisation internationale du travail (OIT) et du Fonds des Nations Unies pour l’enfance (UNICEF) à l’égard des sanctions commerciales en matière de lutte contre le travail des enfants. L’analyse est étayée par les résultats d’une étude de cas inédite réalisée par l’auteur en Équateur et portant sur le travail dangereux des enfants dans l’industrie floricole de ce pays et les effets potentiels des sanctions commerciales sur les mineurs exploités.
Les associations contractuelles en droit québécois et comparé. Analyse critique et perspectives de réforme
Authors: Cumyn Michelle , Tricart Julien 
Published: March 2015

La présente étude fait suite aux travaux du groupe de travail conjoint formé par la Conférence pour l’harmonisation des lois au Canada, la Uniform Law Conference des États-Unis et le Mexican Center for Uniform Law, qui a proposé en 2008 un nouveau cadre légal pour les associations contractuelles. Elle s’intéresse également à la réforme en cours du droit des associations incorporées au Québec. Dans la première partie du texte, les auteurs explorent les fondements du droit des associations à travers la consécration progressive de la liberté d’association. L’association étant trop souvent définie par la négative (l’absence de but lucratif), les auteurs proposent ensuite une classification des objets poursuivis par les associations, à savoir : 1) la production sociale et solidaire de biens ou de services, 2) la coordination du don et du bénévolat, 3) la représentation collective et la défense des droits et 4) l’autoréglementation. Dans la deuxième partie, les auteurs abordent la question controversée de la personnalité juridique de l’association contractuelle. En droit actuel, l’association contractuelle est un sujet de droit au même titre que les personnes physiques ou morales, les fiducies et les sociétés. Il serait toutefois souhaitable de définir l’association contractuelle comme une personne morale, puisqu’elle en possède la structure organique, à la différence de la société et de la fiducie. Dans la troisième partie, les auteurs abordent le régime juridique des associations contractuelles et présentent les modifications au Code civil recommandées par le groupe de travail conjoint. Ils recommandent en particulier que la disposition de l’article 2274 du Code civil, qui tient les administrateurs responsables des dettes de l’association en cas d’insuffisance des biens de cette dernière, soit abrogée.
Le droit comme moyen de pression... politique : le cas des rapports collectifs de travail
Authors: Brunelle Christian 
Published: March 2015

Pendant longtemps, l’action syndicale s’est déployée dans la clandestinité, en marge du droit. Aussi loin que l’on puisse remonter dans l’histoire des relations de travail, le droit criminel et le droit des rapports privés réprouvaient les moyens de pression exercés collectivement par les salariés. Cette situation contribuera dans une large mesure à nourrir la croyance, encore répandue dans certains milieux syndicaux, selon laquelle les tribunaux judiciaires ont un préjugé défavorable aux syndicats. C’est essentiellement par la mobilisation et l’action politiques que les syndicats finiront par obtenir du législateur, au milieu du XXe siècle, la reconnaissance du droit de négocier collectivement les conditions de travail et du droit d’exercer des moyens de pression à cette fin. Même si ce régime législatif a généralement bien servi les intérêts des salariés, le législateur est parfois intervenu afin de limiter la capacité des syndicats de négocier collectivement les conditions de travail ou d’exercer des moyens de pression contre l’employeur. Au lendemain de l’adoption de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés, certains syndicats ont bien tenté de limiter de telles pratiques législatives au nom de leur liberté constitutionnelle d’association, mais sans succès. Certains ont vu là un autre signe d’insensibilité judiciaire à la réalité syndicale. Toutefois, la Cour suprême du Canada reconnaît désormais que la liberté d’association comprend à tout le moins un droit procédural à la négociation collective. Et si la Charte canadienne offrait ainsi aux syndicats un moyen de pression nouveau genre ?