bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fungi associated with shoot dieback of Pinus mugo subsp. mugo in the Polish Tatra Mountains
Authors: Jankowiak Robert , Bartnik Czesław , Ledwich Dominika , Bilański Piotr , Taerum Stephen J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDieback of dwarf pine scrub (Pinus mugo subsp. mugo) shoots can limit the growth of this species in subalpine areas of the Carpathian Mountains. In July 2023, extensive shoot decline was observed in P. mugo patches in the West Tatra Mountains in southern Poland. Symptomatic shoots showed shoot tip dieback and red‐brown needle discoloration. Internal symptoms included dark discoloration of the pith parenchyma and necrotic lesions in shoot periderms. In this study, we described the symptoms of P. mugo shoot dieback and surveyed the culturable fungi from asymptomatic and symptomatic P. mugo shoots, as well as the bases of needles growing from shoots. In addition, we conducted phylogenetic analyses to distinguish between potential cryptic species of Sydowia polyspora. The dwarf pine scrub shoots and needles were sampled from four patches in the Polish Tatra Mountains. In total, 128 distinct taxa were identified. Ascomycota was dominant, representing 96.6% of the isolates. Among the taxa identified, Sydowia polyspora crypt. sp. I, Lachnellula calyciformis, Mollisia sp. 8, Tympanis sp., Epicoccum mezzettii, E. nigrum, Infundichalara sp., Lophium mytilinum, Cytospora sp., Soosiella sp., Cladosporium westerdijkiae and Hendersonia pinicola were most frequently isolated. In most cases, tissue type and sample site significantly affected the abundance and composition of colonizing fungi. Only S. polyspora was found consistently in all sample types, suggesting that this fungus may be responsible for the shoot dieback of P. mugo. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that S. polyspora should be treated as a species complex containing at least four cryptic species (referred to as groups I–IV), that are highly host‐specific to different conifer species. We also found several other well‐known pathogens, namely Allantophomopsis pseudotsugae, Botrytis cinerea, Cytospora sp., Fusarium sp., Sirococcus conigenus and Tympanis sp., which may cause considerable damage to Pinus spp. shoots. Among them, only Cytospora sp., and Tympanis sp. were found often. This is the first comprehensive survey of the fungi associated with extensive shoot dieback of P. mugo in the Carpathian Mountains, and this research led to the discovery of numerous new fungal species associated with P. mugo.
Crowdfunding performance prediction using feature‐selection‐based machine learning models
Authors: Feng Yuanyue , Luo Yuhong , Peng Nianjiao , Niu Ben 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundCrowdfunding is increasingly favoured by entrepreneurs for online financing. Predicting crowdfunding success can provide valuable guidance for stakeholders. It is a new attempt to evaluate the relative performance of different machine learning algorithms for crowdfunding prediction.ObjectivesThis study aims to identify the key factors of crowdfunding, and find the different performance and usage of machine learning algorithms for crowdfunding prediction.MethodWe crawled data from MoDian.com, a Chinese crowdfunding platform, and predicted the crowdfunding performance using four machine learning algorithms, which is a new exploration in this area. Most of the existing literature focuses on empirical analysis. This work solves the problem of predicting crowdfunding performance using a dataset with a minimal number of highly contributive features, which has higher accuracy compared to the regression analysis.ResultsThe experiment results show that feature‐selection‐based machine learning models are effective and beneficial in crowdfunding prediction.ConclusionFeature selection can significantly improve the prediction performance of the machine learning models. KNN achieved the best prediction results with five features: number of backers, target amount, number of project likes, number of project comments, and sponsor fans. The prediction accuracy was improved by 16%, the precision was improved by 13.23%, the recall was improved by 22.66%, the F‐score was improved by 18.48%, and the AUC was improved by 14.9%.
AES software and hardware system co‐design for resisting side channel attacks
Authors: Dong Liguo , Ye Xinliang , Zhuang Libin , Zhan Ruidian , Hossain M. Shamim 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe threat of side‐channel attacks poses a significant risk to the security of cryptographic algorithms. To counter this threat, we have designed an AES system capable of defending against such attacks, supporting AES‐128, AES‐192, and AES‐256 encryption standards. In our system, the CPU oversees the AES hardware via the AHB bus and employs true random number generation to provide secure random inputs for computations. The hardware implementation of the AES S‐box utilizes complex domain inversion techniques, while intermediate data is shielded using full‐time masking. Furthermore, the system incorporates double‐path error detection mechanisms to thwart fault propagation. Our results demonstrate that the system effectively conceals key power information, providing robust resistance against CPA attacks, and is capable of detecting injected faults, thereby mitigating fault‐based attacks.
Queering child welfare and juvenile justice: Recommendations for affirming LGBTQ+ youth
Authors: Rodriguez Wiston A. , Hussain Sheharyar , Nadal Kevin L. , Sissoko D. R. Gina , Almanzar D' Andrah , Ealey Dashawn , Tejeda Emerson 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) people have historically been subjected to maltreatment across multiple environments and systems – including their homes, schools, neighborhoods, workplaces, healthcare facilities, and more. The criminal justice and child welfare systems were built on the foundations of cisnormativity and heteronormativity, making LGBTQ+ youth susceptible to systemic oppression and discrimination when compared to their youth counterparts. As such, this paper examines the unique experiences of LGBTQ+ youth in the juvenile and child welfare systems by discussing the systemic inequities and unique challenges that exist for this population – beginning with the risk factors that make them susceptible to exposure to both systems in general. Furthermore, we provide practical recommendations for legal and clinical professionals to better serve their LGBTQ+ youth clients – ranging from changes in policies and legislation, increased staff training, and strategies to create safe and inclusive environments for all youth.
Equity/heritage and globalized human capital discourses in Ohio's Seal of Biliteracy policy, promotional materials, and stakeholder perceptions
Authors: Pshigusa Emre 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis comparative case study explored the discourses in Ohio's Seal of Biliteracy (SoBL) policy and promotional materials, and the perceptions of stakeholders regarding its value and benefits in an urban, suburban, and rural district. In doing so, this study aimed to analyze the discourses adopted in the SoBL policy and promotional texts at the state level, and the perceptions of the stakeholders regarding its value and benefits. The findings revealed the dominance of globalized human capital (GHC) discourses in not only policy and promotional texts, but also in interviews. By adopting GHC discourses, both the promotional materials and the stakeholder interviews emphasized the marketability benefits of the SoBL, with little emphasis on linguistically minoritized students' home/heritage language maintenance as set forth in the original SoBL policy in California. The findings have implications for policy arbiters to ensure equitable and accessible policy implementation.
Content and language integrated pedagogy and language learning motivation in a socioeconomically marginalized school context
Authors: Ohki Shu , Cross Russell 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWithin school contexts that are socioeconomically marginalized, complex factors often lead to languages learning being devalued in ways which adversely impact students' potential, particularly their motivation to learn an additional language (L2). This paper examines the role of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) in shaping students' L2 learning motivation within a school setting that is socioeconomically marginalized, and how it may offer a solution to this challenge. Drawing on Dörnyei's (2005) theory of the L2 Motivational Self System, this study analyzes qualitative data from a Japanese/Science CLIL course taught in one such Australian secondary school setting. Although the findings confirm previous research on CLIL's generally positive influence on student motivation, it also identifies instances of a negative impact with a certain student group. The paper concludes with the implication of CLIL‐based approaches for languages provision in challenging school contexts.
Dispersal, glacial refugia and temperature shape biogeographical patterns in European freshwater biodiversity
Authors: Cortés‐Guzmán Daniela , Sinclair James , Hof Christian , Kalusche Jan B. , Haase Peter 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimTemperature is regarded as an important driver of broad‐scale biodiversity patterns. However, less is known of the role of dispersal in shaping broad‐scale species and trait distributions, particularly given that species had to disperse out of glacial refugia after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Here, we used a unique dataset describing the distributions of freshwater fauna combined with trait information to evaluate biodiversity relationships to distance to glacial refugia and temperature.LocationTwenty‐five biogeographical regions across Europe.Time PeriodData from species occurrence were gathered in 1978.Major Taxa StudiedA total of 2816 freshwater invertebrate species and 230 freshwater fish species.MethodsUsing the occurrence of invertebrate and fish species in the biogeographical regions, and publicly available trait information, we analysed patterns in diversity indices (i.e. species richness, trait richness and trait redundancy), trait distribution and species and trait β‐diversity, and their relationship to distance to known glacial refugia and regional temperature.ResultsWe show that distributions of European invertebrate and fish species and traits are primarily explained by distance to refugia and its covarying effect with temperature (i.e. refugia tend to be warmer). Specifically, species and trait richness were higher in regions proximate to refugia and lower in distant regions. Additionally, communities in colder and distant regions exhibited reduced niche dimensions and slower life histories, suggesting increased vulnerability to environmental change.Main ConclusionsSpecies more distant from their refugia were characterized by higher dispersal capacities. Accordingly, since the LGM, only a subset of species was able to colonize distant regions, while many species have spatial ranges constrained by their dispersal capacity, increasing their potential for extinction under ongoing climate change. Therefore, additional conservation measures considering species' dispersal capacities are required.
PCK2 maintains intestinal homeostasis and prevents colitis by protecting antibody‐secreting cells from oxidative stress
Authors: Duan Kun‐Long , Wang Tian‐Xiang , You Jian‐Wei , Wang Hai‐Ning , Wang Zhi‐Qiang , Huang Zi‐Xuan , Zhang Jin‐Ye , Sun Yi‐Ping , Xiong Yue , Guan Kun‐Liang , Ye Dan , Chen Li , Liu Ronghua , Yuan Hai‐Xin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMaintaining intracellular redox balance is essential for the survival, antibody secretion, and mucosal immune homeostasis of immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody‐secreting cells (ASCs). However, the relationship between mitochondrial metabolic enzymes and the redox balance in ASCs has yet to be comprehensively studied. Our study unveils the pivotal role of mitochondrial enzyme PCK2 in regulating ASCs' redox balance and intestinal homeostasis. We discover that PCK2 loss, whether globally or in B cells, exacerbates dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)‐induced colitis due to increased IgA ASC cell death and diminished antibody production. Mechanistically, the absence of PCK2 diverts glutamine into the TCA cycle, leading to heightened TCA flux and excessive mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) production. In addition, PCK2 loss reduces glutamine availability for glutathione (GSH) synthesis, resulting in a decrease of total glutathione level. The elevated mtROS and reduced GSH expose ASCs to overwhelming oxidative stress, culminating in cell apoptosis. Crucially, we found that the mitochondria‐targeted antioxidant Mitoquinone (Mito‐Q) can mitigate the detrimental effects of PCK2 deficiency in IgA ASCs, thereby alleviating colitis in mice. Our findings highlight PCK2 as a key player in IgA ASC survival and provide a potential new target for colitis treatment.
Beyond the office walls: Work design configurations for task performance across on‐site, hybrid and remote forms of work
Authors: Lamovšek Amadeja , Radević Ivan , Mohammed Shaima' Salem , Černe Matej 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDespite alternative work arrangements becoming more prevalent, existing work design approaches are mostly based on research and practice of traditional on‐site work. Struggles with capturing employee performance are reported across different off‐site, non‐traditional forms of work, such as remote and hybrid. This article performs a comprehensive fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis to juxtaposing different configurations of job characteristics across forms of work. Our multi‐source study is based on a matched sample of 1215 diverse working personnel (with supervisors, who evaluated employee performance) in Montenegro. Based on the pathways leading to task performance in different forms of work, we develop propositions centered on the key principles of designing traditional and alternative, non‐traditional forms of work. While we confirm the importance of enriched work design, several specific characteristics and their accompanying configurations (including compensatory effects) are highlighted with regard to the task performance achieved. These include high levels of task identity for all three forms of work (on‐site, hybrid and remote). Work performed in a traditional on‐site setting additionally requires greater task variety. Conversely, remote work requires high information processing and social support. The hybrid model calls for the most complicated work design that combines essential elements of both the on‐site and remote work paradigms, namely task variety and information processing, and also for enhanced mechanisms for job feedback. Hybrid work is a universal social phenomenon still on the uptake that likely represents the future of work, and since it combines traditional settings with information and communication technologies, we also emphasise the importance of field‐bridging future research of information systems and organisational design areas.
Role of water in fracture of modified silicate glasses
Authors: Maksimov Vasilii , Welch Rebecca S. , Potter Arron R. , Rimsza Jessica M. , Mauro John C. , Wilkinson Collin J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDecarbonizing the glass industry requires alternative melting technology, as current industrial melting practices rely heavily on fossil fuels. Hydrogen has been proposed as an alternative to carbon‐based fuels, but the ensuing consequences on the mechanical behavior of the glass remain to be clarified. A critical distinction between hydrogen and carbon‐based fuels is the increased generation of water during combustion, which raises the equilibrium solubility of water in the melt and alters the behavior of the resulting glass. A series of five silicate glasses with 80% silica and variable [Na2O]/([H2O] + [Na2O]) ratios were simulated using molecular dynamics to elucidate the effects of water on fracture. Several fracture toughness calculation methods were used in combination with atomistic fracture simulations to examine the effects of hydroxyl content on fracture behavior. This study reveals that the crack propagation pathway is a key metric to understanding fracture toughness. Notably, the fracture propagation path favors hydrogen sites over sodium sites, offering a possible explanation of the experimentally observed effects of water on fracture properties.
Prenatal maternal infections and early childhood developmental outcomes: analysis of linked administrative health data for Greater Glasgow & Clyde, Scotland
Authors: Hardie Iain , Murray Aja , King Josiah , Hall Hildigunnur Anna , Luedecke Emily , Marryat Louise , Thompson Lucy , Minnis Helen , Wilson Philip , Auyeung Bonnie 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundPrevious research has linked prenatal maternal infections to later childhood developmental outcomes and socioemotional difficulties. However, existing studies have relied on retrospectively self‐reported survey data, or data on hospital‐recorded infections only, resulting in gaps in data collection.MethodsThis study used a large linked administrative health dataset, bringing together data from birth records, hospital records, prescriptions and routine child health reviews for 55,856 children born in Greater Glasgow & Clyde, Scotland, 2011–2015, and their mothers. Logistic regression models examined associations between prenatal infections, measured as both hospital‐diagnosed prenatal infections and receipt of infection‐related prescription(s) during pregnancy, and childhood developmental concern(s) identified by health visitors during 6‐8 week or 27‐30 month health reviews. Secondary analyses examined whether results varied by (a) specific developmental outcome types (gross‐motor‐skills, hearing‐communication, vision‐social‐awareness, personal‐social, emotional‐behavioural‐attention and speech‐language‐communication) and (b) the trimester(s) in which infections occurred.ResultsAfter confounder/covariate adjustment, hospital‐diagnosed infections were associated with increased odds of having at least one developmental concern (OR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.19–1.42). This was broadly consistent across all developmental outcome types and appeared to be specifically linked to infections occurring in pregnancy trimesters 2 (OR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.07–1.67) and 3 (OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.21–1.47), that is the trimesters in which foetal brain myelination occurs. Infection‐related prescriptions were not associated with any clear increase in odds of having at least one developmental concern after confounder/covariate adjustment (OR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.98–1.08), but were associated with slightly increased odds of concerns specifically related to personal‐social (OR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.03–1.22) and emotional‐behavioural‐attention (OR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.08–1.22) development.ConclusionsPrenatal infections, particularly those which are hospital‐diagnosed (and likely more severe), are associated with early childhood developmental outcomes. Prevention of prenatal infections, and monitoring of support needs of affected children, may improve childhood development, but causality remains to be established.
Adaptations to a patient navigation program for follow‐up colonoscopy in rural primary care practices
Authors: Thompson Jamie H. , Rivelli Jennifer S. , Schneider Jennifer L. , Kenzie Erin S. , Myers Emily , Coury Jennifer , Davis Melinda , Gautom Priyanka , Coronado Gloria D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurposePatient navigation is a recommended practice to improve cancer screenings among underserved populations including those residing in rural areas with care access barriers. We report on patient navigation programme adaptations to increase follow‐up colonoscopy rates after abnormal fecal testing in rural primary care practices.MethodsParticipating clinics delivered a patient navigation programme to eligible patients from 28 affiliated clinics serving rural communities in Oregon clustered within 3 Medicaid health plans. Patient navigation adaptations were tracked using data sources including patient navigation training programme reflections, qualitative interviews, clinic meetings, and periodic reflections with practice facilitators.FindingsInitial, planned (proactive) adaptations were made to address the rural context; later, unplanned (reactive) adaptations were implemented to address the impact of the COVID‐19 global pandemic. Initial planned adaptations to the patient navigation programme were made before the main trial to address the needs of the rural context, including provider shortages and geographic dispersion limiting both patient access to care and training opportunities for providers. Later unplanned adaptations were made primarily in response to COVID‐19 care suspension and staff redeployments and shortages that occurred during implementation.ConclusionWhile unplanned adaptations were implemented to address the contextual impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on care access patterns and staffing, the changes to training content and context were beneficial to the rural setting overall and should be sustained. Our findings can guide future efforts to optimise the success of such programmes in other rural settings and highlight the important role of adaptations in implementation projects.
Foreign corporations as large shareholders
Authors: Jiang Fuxiu , Kim Kenneth A. , Nofsinger John R. , Zhu Bing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this article, we examine foreign corporate shareholders in China. We find that they play an active and effective corporate governance role that improves firm performance. The results are robust to tests that address endogeneity, selection bias, and direction‐of‐causality concerns. The methods for which foreign corporations exert effective oversight are identified: (1) they actively and effectively monitor firms (i.e., they are more likely to fire [reward] managers for poor [good] firm performance), (2) they invest more in innovation, (3) they are better at selecting investment projects, and (4) they help generate more foreign sales.
Sowing seeds: The impact of financial socialization on the financial understanding of young children and preschoolers
Authors: Fletcher Mary , Wright Robert 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the relationship between financial socialization and financial understanding among young children. Measures of financial understanding, appropriate for 4–6 year olds, are developed. Regression analysis is used to relate these measures statistically to a set of financial socialization variables and control variables related to the child, their parents, and their household. Data collected in the nationally representative child and parent 2016 UK Children and Young People's Financial Capability Survey are used. A key empirical finding is that financial understanding is about 10% higher for children whose parents regularly discuss with their children how they spend their money. The analysis suggests that around 20% of parents do not discuss financial matters with their children. It is likely that variation in early‐life financial socialization is important in explaining variation in later‐life financial understanding. Further research is needed to establish if this relationship is causal.