bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maximizing the Life of the Well Through Successful Cementing Technologies in Thermal Wells
Authors: López Rodrigo M. , Urbaneja Rafael J. , Marquez Asdruelys 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Reversing the natural process of pressure decline in hydrocarbon deposits and decreasing damage in the sandface caused by drilling, production, etc. are the most significant operator objectives for maximizing the extraction of hydrocarbon reserves. This paper discusses the successful application of cementing technologies in thermal wells to maximize the life of the well.
In areas, such as the Orinoco Belt, the implementation of cyclic and continuous steam injection helps decrease oil viscosity and improves oil-relative permeability to increase production. Because conditions downhole vary dramatically, it is recommended that cement slurry designs be based on the position in the hole and the conditions to which slurries will be subjected during their lifetime. To help overcome these challenges, combinations of optimized treatment procedures and technologies were applied to wells in extreme conditions, demonstrating improved results.
In fields where conditions do not allow the drainage of oil reserves by natural production mechanisms, the application of improved recovery methods can provide benefits in terms of crude properties and productivity of the well. Using new-generation integral zero running force centralizers attached to the casing helped improve centralization. High-performance thermal self-healing cements were the most suitable choice for cementing under these conditions. Temperatures encountered by the cement slurry during and after placement were estimated using a simulator, which considers the heat transfer phenomena. Displacement of mud was enhanced using a state-of-the-art three-dimensional (3D) simulator to design a custom-fit solution.
Applications of these technologies have been successful, providing zonal isolation at production zones and minimizing remedial work.
These technologies can be applied using appropriate modifications for different global regions where similar challenges are encountered; additionally, they have the potential to provide cost benefits.
Strain-Based and Low Cycle Fatigue Design Approaches for Thermal Service Tubulars
Authors: Suryanarayana P. V. , Krishnamurthy R. M. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Strain-based approaches that allow post-yield loading are now quite common in the design of tubulars for high temperature service in cyclic steam stimulation and similar applications. The traditional notionally strain-based design approach proposed by Holliday (ASME 69-PET-10, 1969) has formed the basis of design for several decades. In this work, a modified Holliday approach, which provides a rational, easily applied basis of design for thermal service tubulars, is presented. The modifications improve upon several assumptions made in the original approach, especially that of an ideal elastic-plastic, symmetric material. Thermal effects important in design, such as temperature deration of yield, cyclic strain hardening, Bauschinger effect, thermal stress relaxation, and strain localization are incorporated in the design approach, and acceptable design factors for different tubular grades are proposed. While familiar and able to produce reliable and acceptable designs, the modified approach has several limitations, which are discussed in the paper. These limitations largely arise from the fact that cyclic plastic strain is usually unavoidable in a thermal service tubular, and as a result, mechanical failure is rooted in fatigue. In this paper, a new, Low Cycle Fatigue (LCF) approach is presented as an alternative for critical thermal applications. The approach is based on the concepts of Critical Strain, a material property, and Ductile Failure Damage Indicator (DFDI), a plastic damage parameter. The new approach accumulates the plastic damage through the parameter DFDI, and can handle both cyclic and applied monotonic strains in the plastic region. The plastic damage is correlatable to critical strain, and can incorporate the influence of principal stresses and cyclic loads in the plastic region. The paper presents the basis of these parameters, and their use in assessment of plastic damage failure in other tubular and structural design approaches. The method offers some advantages over the more traditional, Coffin-Manson based LCF models, including reduced experimental burden, ability to incorporate connections and sour service considerations, and the ability to handle non-zero mean strain. Limitations of the method, and ongoing efforts to address them, are presented. The paper also presents an example illustrating the application of the new LCF approach.
Vacuum Insulated Tubing in Thermally Assisted Heavy Oil Production
Authors: Zhang Yongfeng , Lei Yuexin , Xiao Jon H , Klotz Eric , Shen Jim 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The use of Vacuum Insulated Tubing (VIT) has been broadened to include a wide range of Thermally Assisted Heavy Oil production schemes. This paper shares completion designs and resultant data from a variety of commercialized projects utilizing VIT. The Production Schemes investigated are CSS, Steam Flood and SAGD. The aforementioned completions all have nuanced relationships to VIT due to differing temperature, pressures and heat loss analysis and all will offer insights into the overall efficiency, reliability and longevity of the cases under investigation. The data compiled will show heat loss and steam quality and how they relate to overall well integrity and life cycle costs of the well in question.
Determination of Trophic State Changes with Diel Dissolved Oxygen: A Case Study in a Shallow Lake
Authors: Xu Zhen , Xu Y. Jun 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT: Current trophic state indices (TSI) have been reported to have limitations in assessing changes in eutrophication status of shallow waters. This study aimed to use intensive measurements on dissolved oxygen (DO) to improve the determination of tropic state changes. The authors deployed an environment monitoring buoy in a eutrophic shallow lake and recorded water temperature, DO, and chlorophyll‐a concentrations at 15‐minute intervals for two 1‐year periods: from August 2008 to July 2009 and from August 2013 to July 2014. In addition, they recorded water levels over the same periods and collected water samples for nutrient analysis. The authors analyzed the high‐time resolution DO records, compared the diel DO trends between the two 1‐year periods, and proposed a new TSI using DO. They found that analyzing the change in diel DO ranges can improve commonly used methods for classifying trophic states and assessing the change of eutrophication status of waterbodies.
Resilience of Groundwater Impacted by Land Use and Climate Change in a Karst Aquifer, South China
Authors: Guo Fang , Jiang Guanghui , Polk Jason S. , Huang Xiufeng , Huang Siyu 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT: Changes of groundwater flow and quality were investigated in a subtropical karst aquifer to determine the driving mechanism. Decreases in groundwater flow are more distinct in discharge zones than those in recharge and runoff zones. Long‐term measurement of the represented regional groundwater outlet reveals that groundwater discharge decrease by nearly 50% during the dry season. The hydrochemistry of groundwater in the runoff and discharge zones is of poorer quality than in the recharge zone. Indications of intensive land resource exploitation and changes in land use patterns were attributed to changes in groundwater conditions since 1990, but the influence of climate change was likely from 2001, because the water temperature exhibited increasing trends at a mean rate of 0.02 °C/yr even though groundwater depth was high in the aquifer. These conclusions imply the need for further groundwater monitoring and reevaluation to understand the resilience of aquifer during urbanization and development.
Heavy Metal Contamination of Soil, Irrigation Water and Vegetables in Peri‐Urban Agricultural Areas and Markets of Delhi
Authors: Bhatia Arti , Singh ShivDhar , Kumar Amit 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT: Dietary exposure to heavy metals, namely cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu), has been identified as a risk to human health through consumption of vegetable crops. The present study investigates heavy metal contamination in irrigation water, soil, and vegetables at four peri‐urban and one wholesale site in Delhi, India, and estimates the health risk index. Most of the samples collected from peri‐urban areas exceeded the safe limits of lead and cadmium, whereas only lead concentration was found to be higher in vegetable samples collected from the wholesale market. Average uptake of metals by vegetables from soil decreased in the order Cd>Zn>Cu>Pb. The order of metal uptake based on transfer factor was highest in okra, cauliflower, and spinach, from greatest to least. Among the vegetables from peri‐urban sites, only okra crossed the safe limit for cadmium; whereas vegetables from the wholesale site exceeded the limit for lead (potato, coriander, chilies, pea, and carrot, in order from greatest to least) with respect to health risk index.
Landslide-generated tsunami and particle transport in mountain lakes and reservoirs
Authors: Kafle Jeevan , Pokhrel Puskar R. , Khattri Khim B. , Kattel Parameshwari , Tuladhar Bhadra Man , Pudasaini Shiva P. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractGravitational mass flows may generate tsunamis as they hit water bodies such as oceans, reservoirs or mountain lakes. Upon impact, they can generate tremendous particle-laden or debris flows and floods. Rapidly cascading waves down mountain slopes can trigger debris flows or floods, potentially causing huge damage to civil structures and endangering life. Here we apply a general two-phase mass flow model (Pudasaini, 2012), and present three-dimensional (3-D), high-resolution simulations for a real two-phase debris impacting a fluid reservoir. An innovative formulation provides an opportunity, within a single framework, to simulate simultaneously the sliding two-phase debris/landslide, reservoir, debris impact at reservoir, water-wave generation, propagation and mixing, and separation between solid and fluid phases. The results demonstrate formation and propagation of very special solid and fluid structures in the reservoir, propagation of submarine debris, turbidity currents, and complex interactions between the subaerial debris, surface tsunami and submarine debris waves. Our results reveal that the submerge timescaling for a deformable two-phase debris deviates substantially from the same for a non-deformable solid. These results substantially increase our understanding of 3-D complex multiphase systems/flows. This allows for the proper modeling of landslide/debris-induced mountain tsunami, dynamics of turbidity currents and highly concentrated sediment transports in Himalayan and Alpine slopes and channels, with associated applications to engineering, environmental and hazard-mitigation plans.
Factors controlling the accelerated expansion of Imja Lake, Mount Everest region, Nepal
Authors: Thakuri Sudeep , Salerno Franco , Bolch Tobias , Guyennon Nicolas , Tartari Gianni 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis study explores the link between area increase of Imja Tsho (Lake) and changes of Imja Glacier (area ~25km2) under the influence of climate change using multitemporal satellite imagery and local climate data. Between 1962 and 2013, Imja Lake expanded from 0.03±0.01 to 1.35±0.05 km2 at a rate of 0.026±0.001 km2 a-1. The mean glacier-wide flow velocity was 37±30ma-1 during 1992–93 and 23±15ma-1 during 2013–14, indicating a decreasing velocity. A mean elevation change of –1.29±0.71ma-1 was observed over the lower part of the glacier in the period 2001–14, with a rate of –1.06±0.63ma-1 in 2001–08 and –1.56±0.80ma-1 in 2008–14. We conclude that the decrease in flow velocity is mainly associated with reduced accumulation due to a decrease in precipitation during the last few decades. Furthermore, glacier ablation has increased due to increasing maximum temperatures during the post-monsoon months. Decreased glacier flow velocities and increased mass losses induce the formation and subsequent expansion of glacial lakes under favourable topographic conditions.
Air temperature variability in a high-elevation Himalayan catchment
Authors: Heynen Martin , Miles Evan , Ragettli Silvan , Buri Pascal , Immerzeel Walter W. , Pellicciotti Francesca 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAir temperature is a key control of processes affecting snow and glaciers in high-elevation catchments, including melt, snowfall and sublimation. It is therefore a key input variable to models of land–surface–atmosphere interaction. Despite this importance, its spatial variability is poorly understood and simple assumptions are made to extrapolate it from point observations to the catchment scale. We use a dataset of 2.75 years of air temperature measurements (from May 2012 to November 2014) at a network of up to 27 locations in the Langtang River, Nepal, catchment to investigate air temperature seasonality and consistency between years. We use observations from high elevations and from the easternmost section of the basin to corroborate previous findings of shallow lapse rates. Seasonal variability is strong, with shallowest lapse rates during the monsoon season. Diurnal variability is also strong and should be taken into account since processes such as melt have a pronounced diurnal variability. Use of seasonal lapse rates seems crucial for glacio-hydrological modelling, but seasonal lapse rates seem stable over the 2–3 years investigated. Lateral variability at transects across valley is high and dominated by aspect, with south-facing sites being warmer than north-facing sites and deviations from the fitted lapse rates of up to several degrees. Local factors (e.g. topographic shading) can reduce or enhance this effect. The interplay of radiation, aspect and elevation should be further investigated with high-elevation transects.
Handling and storage of human body fluids for analysis of extracellular vesicles
Authors: Yuana Yuana , Böing Anita N. , Grootemaat Anita E. , van der Pol Edwin , Hau Chi M. , Cizmar Petr , Buhr Egbert , Sturk Auguste , Nieuwland Rienk 
Published: November 2015

Because procedures of handling and storage of body fluids affect numbers and composition of extracellular vesicles (EVs), standardization is important to ensure reliable and comparable measurements of EVs in a clinical environment. We aimed to develop standard protocols for handling and storage of human body fluids for EV analysis. Conditions such as centrifugation, single freeze–thaw cycle, effect of time delay between blood collection and plasma preparation and storage were investigated. Plasma is the most commonly studied body fluid in EV research. We mainly focused on EVs originating from platelets and erythrocytes and investigated the behaviour of these 2 types of EVs independently as well as in plasma samples of healthy subjects. EVs in urine and saliva were also studied for comparison. All samples were analysed simultaneously before and after freeze–thawing by resistive pulse sensing, nanoparticle tracking analysis, conventional flow cytometry (FCM) and transmission (scanning) electron microscopy. Our main finding is that the effect of centrifugation markedly depends on the cellular origin of EVs. Whereas erythrocyte EVs remain present as single EVs after centrifugation, platelet EVs form aggregates, which affect their measured concentration in plasma. Single erythrocyte and platelet EVs are present mainly in the range of 100–200 nm, far below the lower limit of what can be measured by conventional FCM. Furthermore, the effects of single freeze–thaw cycle, time delay between blood collection and plasma preparation up to 1 hour and storage up to 1 year are insignificant (p>0.05) on the measured concentration and diameter of EVs from erythrocyte and platelet concentrates and EVs in plasma, urine and saliva. In conclusion, in standard protocols for EV studies, centrifugation to isolate EVs from collected body fluids should be avoided. Freezing and storage of collected body fluids, albeit their insignificant effects, should be performed identically for comparative EV studies and to create reliable biorepositories.
Le moment ou jamais : le sujet de l’humour
Authors: Assoun Paul-Laurent 
Published: November 2015

L’humour, la plus sociale des formations inconscientes, est d’abord événement. Il se met en acte quand, exposé au pire à l’occasion, le sujet rétorque, du tac au tac, avec les seules ressources de son « parlêtre », à l’imminence de sa disparition. L’exemple allégué par Freud au début de son traité inconscient de l’humour, celui du condamné en route vers la potence, un lundi, s’exclamant « eh bien, voilà une semaine qui commence bien ! » s’avère paradigmatique de cet humour noir… « de situation ». Il pourrait figurer le pied de nez adressé au « Maître absolu » qu’est la Mort, et, au-delà, posture envers la castration, par la magie verbale. Le masochiste, « maître humoriste », viendrait en miroir organiser sa comédie sur les tréteaux de la castration, « la plaisanterie pas drôle du tout ».
Polyphonies pour le travail du rire
Authors: Baudin Marianne 
Published: November 2015

L’article tente une approche métapsychologique et musicale à la fois de l’humour et du rire. Une série d’œuvres et de situations musicales – allant de l’opéra à la variété, en passant par le jazz – illustre l’analyse de ce que l’auteure désigne comme « le travail du rire » : une part essentielle de la vie psychique qui, grâce au jeu ouvert entre les instances du Moi, du Surmoi et les idéaux, soutient et régénère les forces créatrices du sujet. La musique serait une alliée précieuse de l’accomplissement de ce « travail ».
Entre Witz et humour…
Authors: Wiener Simone 
Published: November 2015

Qu’en est-il de l’humour, du trait d’esprit, de la bévue dans une psychanalyse ? Le sérieux de la démarche analytique autorise t-il le rire ? Freud avec son ouvrage sur le Witz ouvre la voie à entendre une anecdote, un trait d’esprit ainsi qu’à raconter des histoires drôles, d’une manière nouvelle. Le champ de la polysémie et de la pluralité poétique du langage est ouvert à qui sait l’entendre. Les blagues ou traits d’humour ont souvent pour fonction de diminuer l’angoisse et de mettre à jour une problématique inconsciente. J’essayerai de montrer que l’humour relève du style de l’analyste alors que le trait d’esprit est plus directement lié à une formation de l’inconscient.
Manger à la maison sous le poids des normes. Les négociations familiales autour de l’alimentation
Authors: Maurice Aurélie 
Published: November 2015

Cet article se propose d’explorer la configuration des logiques familiales autour des enjeux alimentaires. Les repas quotidiens sont le théâtre de négociations, d’un contrôle par les parents variable, plus ou moins intériorisé par les enfants, ou de stratégies et de tactiques utilisées par chacun en réponse aux normes nutritionnelles en vigueur et aux normes familiales. La méthodologie utilisée est ethnographique : 70 entretiens ont été menés dans les familles des élèves enquêtés après avoir passé un an à les observer au collège. Les enfants agissent différemment en fonction de leur milieu social d’origine, de leur rapport au corps mais aussi de leur groupe de pairs. Concernant le rapport aux normes nutritionnelles, nous repérons des pratiques davantage curatives en milieu populaire et davantage préventives chez les familles de milieux plus favorisés.
Les cinémas de Malraux : présentation
Authors: Albera François 
Published: November 2015

Ce dossier consacré aux relations d’André Malraux et du cinéma comporte cinq entrées : l’adaptation récente de deux de ses textes au cinéma par Jean-Marie Straub ; l’examen de l’accompagnement dans la presse du tournage et de l’achèvement de Sierra de Teruel en 1938-1939, puis la réception du film en 1945 sous le titre Espoir ; l’édition des variantes du texte canonique de Malraux, « Esquisse d’une psychologie du cinéma » entre 1939 et 1963 ainsi que son rapprochement avec quelques autres textes antérieurs ; les « politiques du cinéma » du ministre Malraux dès 1945 à travers quelques documents peu connus ; enfin la conception du « Musée imaginaire » et l’iconographie des livres d’art que Malraux a développées sont examinées sur le cas particulier d’une de ses maquettes dans une perspective « cinématique ».
Cómo evalúan los jóvenes las opiniones de otros consumidores en Internet. El caso de la UPV/EHU
Authors: Olabarri-Fernández Elena , Monge Benito Sergio , Usín Enales Sandra 
Published: November 2015

Las recomendaciones sobre productos que pueden encontrarse en Internet se han convertido en una importante fuente de información y en un apoyo para la decisión de compra. La cantidad, diversidad y accesibilidad de las opiniones online han contribuido a su atractivo y popularidad. El eWOM ha cambiado el modo en que los consumidores interactúan unos con otros así como el modo en el que compran productos y servicios. Metodología. Este artículo investiga el modo en que los jóvenes universitarios de la UPV/EHU utilizan y evalúan opiniones anónimas de Internet. Las técnicas utilizadas han sido de tipo cualitativo (tres focus groups) y cuantitativo (cuestionario auto-administrado). Resultados y conclusiones. Las conclusiones de este estudio nos han permitido describir el proceso de evaluación que los jóvenes siguen cuando buscan opiniones de otros usuarios en Internet. También nos han permitido señalar cuáles son los tipos de opiniones que tienen más posibilidades de llamar su atención y condicionar sus decisiones.
Perceptions of Food Intake, Physical Activity, and Obesity Among African-American Children in the Lower Mississippi Delta
Authors: McGee Bernestine B. , Richardson Valerie , Johnson Glenda , Johnson Crystal 
Published: November 2015

Purpose. To explore the nutrition and physical activity perceptions of children for planning a healthy weight curriculum to address childhood obesity in African-American children living in the Lower Mississippi Delta (LMD). Design. Six children’s focus group sessions. Setting. Two Louisiana parishes in the LMD. Subjects. Seventy 8- to 13-year-old African-American children, 46 (66%) females and 24 (44%) males, participated in the focus group sessions. Measures. Interview questions were based on personal and environmental determinants and content and strategies for a healthy lifestyle program for children. Analysis. Focus group discussions were audio recorded and transcribed, observer recorded, and analyzed to identify recurring trends and patterns among focus groups. Content analysis consisted of coding focus group transcripts for recurrent themes and review of data by an independent reviewer to confirm the themes. Results. Emerging themes were categorized as healthy lifestyle opinions within the social cognitive theory constructs of personal and environmental determinants and curriculum content. Conclusion. LMD youth recognized a healthy eating pattern and that overweight and obesity result from poor eating habits and physical inactivity. Children’s food intake pattern did not reflect this understanding, suggesting a need for culturally tailoring an intervention to impact the poor food intake and physical inactivity in two low-income African-American Delta communities.