bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Migratory blackcaps tested in Emlen funnels can orient at 85 but not at 88 degrees magnetic inclination
Authors: Lefeldt Nele , Dreyer David , Steenken Friederike , Schneider Nils-Lasse , Mouritsen Henrik 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Migratory birds are known to use the Earth's magnetic field as an orientation cue on their tremendous journeys between their breeding and overwintering grounds. The magnetic compass of migratory birds relies on the magnetic field's inclination, i.e. the angle between the magnetic field lines and the Earth's surface. As a consequence, vertical or horizontal field lines corresponding to 0° or 90° inclination should offer no utilizable information on where to find North or South. So far, very little is known about how small deviations from horizontal or vertical inclination migratory birds can detect and use as a reference for their magnetic compass. Here we ask: what is the steepest inclination angle at which a migratory bird, the Eurasian blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla), can still perform magnetic compass orientation in Emlen funnels? Our results show that blackcaps are able to orient in an Earth's strength magnetic field with inclination angles of 67° and 85°, but fail to orient in a field with 88° inclination. This suggests that the steepest inclination angle enabling magnetic compass orientation in migratory blackcaps tested in Emlen funnels lies between 85 and 88 degrees.
Formation of Human Adaptation Mechanism as Bio-social System: Educational and Philosophical Interpretation
Authors: Пронин  , Pronin E. , Костючков  , Kostyuchkov S. , Лепницкий  , Lepnitskiy I. 
Published: December 2014

This paper discusses problems affecting philosophical and
educational aspects of the formation of adaptation mechanism of
a human considered as a biosocial system. In the core of
authors’reflections lies a belief that education and training is a
process of continuous improvementof a human. Authors substantiate
the idea according to which the continued growth and development
of the individual are attributive characteristics of the adaptation
process as a set of components of a productive in teraction
between the individual and the environment, self-actualization,
self-development and self-organization of people in a particular
social setting. From the standpoint of Philosophy authors treat
adaptation as a social phenomenon, a form of interaction between
the individual and the social group with the environment in which
the coordinated and consistent requirements and expectations of
its members. Authors emphasize that the system of education and
training, inparticular in philosophical aspect, is intended to form
a new identity as well as another, different from the present, image
of worldorder. Emphasis is put that a modern man, especially an
individual of the new generation, is not a passive contemplative,
but an activeactor of political change, a form of expression which
is a course on the development of a progressive institution of social
life, which is an association of free and equal individuals, the rate
of development of civil society. Authors conclude that education
and training are closely interrelated processes of continuous improvement
of man, in other words – improvement of bio-social
skills of an individual, and, respectively, of human populations.
An audit into supervisors of midwives experience of supervision
Authors: Ngwenya Ilene , Abbott Laura 
Published: December 2014

An audit of supervisors of midwives' (SoMs') experience of supervision and their understanding of their role as leaders in clinical practice was undertaken. Particular attention was paid to their experiences as newly appointed SoMs during the preceptorship period. The amount of protected time that SoMs have to undertake the role was explored, including how the SoMs achieved the expectations of being leaders in clinical practice. An online audit questionnaire was sent to all the SoMs within the local supervising authority. The findings of the audit demonstrated that a significant number of SoMs did not have preceptorship or supernumerary time as newly-appointed SoMs. The audit results confirmed the findings of previous research illustrating that SoMs had inadequate time to undertake their role. There was a variation in engaging with different leadership aspects of supervision depending on the SoM's substantive post. The SoMs participating in the audit gave examples of factors that impede them in achieving the standards for their role as set out by the Nursing and Midwifery Council. The SoMs participating in the audit expressed the empowering effect of being able to facilitate women's birth choices and supporting midwives to provide high quality midwifery care.
Born before arrival: Supervision in action
Authors: Clarke Paula , Carr Natasha 
Published: December 2014

Clinical incident reporting at Birmingham Women's Foundation NHS Trust alerted supervisors of midwives (SOMs) to an increase in the numbers of reported babies born before arrival (BBA) of a midwife. A subsequent clinical audit surrounding BBA was undertaken that highlighted the importance of midwifery care and expertise in ensuring timely and optimal care for women and babies. Documentation about the sequence of events around the time of birth for women who had experienced a BBA was also considered to be in need of improvement. This article describes the background to the audit, methodology, and the main findings. It also provides evidence of SOMs maintaining the profile of supervision ( Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) 2009 ; NMC, 2012a ) The audit has been instrumental in enabling service improvement. The timeliness of the audit has since resulted in funding being secured locally for midwives to attend all imminent births and BBAs as part of the new dedicated homebirth service. The aim is that locally, women who give birth at home unexpectedly will receive a skilled midwifery assessment at home. A clinical decision will be made regarding an ongoing plan of care, whether that is to either remain at home or to be transferred to hospital. The new service aims to provide prompt midwifery care at the point of need at home. For many, it is envisaged that this development will avoid disruption for the woman and her family as well as unnecessary hospital admission.
Comparison of Cardiac Troponins I and T Measured with High-Sensitivity Methods for Evaluation of Prognosis in Atrial Fibrillation: An ARISTOTLE Substudy
Authors: Hijazi Ziad , Siegbahn Agneta , Andersson Ulrika , Lindahl Bertil , Granger Christopher B , Alexander John H , Atar Dan , Gersh Bernard J , Hanna Michael , Harjola Veli-Pekka , Horowitz John , Husted Steen , Hylek Elaine M , Lopes Renato D , McMurray John J V , Wallentin Lars 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Although cardiac troponin is associated with outcomes in atrial fibrillation (AF), the complementary prognostic information provided by cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and cTnT is unknown. This study investigated the distribution, determinants, and prognostic value of cTnI and cTnT concentrations in patients with AF.

METHODS
Samples were collected. At the time of randomization, we analyzed cTnI and cTnT concentrations of 14806 AF patients in the Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation (ARISTOTLE) trial using high-sensitivity assays. Correlations (Spearman), determinants (multivariable linear regression), and outcomes (adjusted Cox models and c-statistics) were investigated.

RESULTS
Concentrations of cTnI and cTnT were correlated (r = 0.70) and measurable in most participants [cTnI 98.5% (median 5.4 ng/L, ≥99th percentile in 9.2%) and cTnT 93.5% (median 10.9 ng/L, ≥99th percentile in 34.4%)]. Renal impairment was the most important factor affecting the concentrations of both troponins. cTnI increase was more associated with heart failure, vascular disease, and persistent/permanent AF, and cTnT with age, male sex, and diabetes. Over a median 1.9 years of follow-up, patients with both troponins above the median had significantly higher risk for stroke/systemic embolism [hazard ratio (HR) 1.72 (95% CI 1.31–2.27)], cardiac death [3.14 (2.35–4.20)], and myocardial infarction [2.99 (1.78–5.03)] than those with both troponins below median (all P &lt; 0.005). Intermediate risks were observed when only 1 troponin was above the median. When combined with clinical information, each marker provided similar prognostication and had comparable c-index.

CONCLUSIONS
cTnI and cTnT concentrations are moderately correlated and measurable in plasma of most AF patients. The risk of stroke and cardiovascular events is highest when both troponins are above median concentrations. Each troponin provides comparable prognostic information when combined with clinical risk factors.
ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT00412984
Monitoring IgA Multiple Myeloma: Immunoglobulin Heavy/Light Chain Assays
Authors: Katzmann Jerry A , Willrich Maria A V , Kohlhagen Mindy C , Kyle Robert A , Murray David L , Snyder Melissa R , Rajkumar S Vincent , Dispenzieri Angela 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe use of electrophoresis to monitor monoclonal immunoglobulins migrating in the β fraction may be difficult because of their comigration with transferrin and complement proteins.METHODSImmunoassays specific for IgGκ, IgGλ, IgAκ, IgAλ, IgMκ, and IgMλ heavy/light chain (HLC) were validated for use in the clinical laboratory. We assessed sample stability, inter- and intraassay variability, linearity, accuracy, and reference intervals for all 6 assays. We tested accuracy by verifying that the sum of the concentrations for the HLC-pairs accounted for the total immunoglobulins in each of 129 healthy sera, and that the HLC-pair ratios (rHLCs) were outside the reference interval in 97% of 518 diagnostic multiple myeloma (MM) samples.RESULTSWe assessed diagnostic samples and posttreatment sera in 32 IgG and 30 IgA patients for HLC concentrations, rHLC, and total immunoglobulins and compared these nephelometry results with serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) and immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE). In sample sets from patients with IgG MM, the sensitivity of SPEP was almost the same as for rHLC, and no additional advantage was conferred by running HLC assays. In pre- and posttreatment samples from patients with IgA MM, the SPEP, rHLC, and IFE identified clonality in 28%, 56%, and 61%, respectively. In addition, when M-spikes were quantifiable, the concentration of the involved HLC was linearly related to that of the SPEP M-spike, with a slope near 1.CONCLUSIONSThe use of IgA HLC assays for monitoring β-migrating IgA monoclonal proteins can substitute for the combination of SPEP, IFE, and total IgA quantification.
Entwurf konvergenzoptimaler weich strukturvariabler Regelungen für lineare Systeme mit Stellgrößenbeschränkung
Authors: Röthig Andreea , Adamy Jürgen 
Published: December 2014

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Beitrag wird eine einfache nichtlineare Zustandsrückführung für lineare Strecken mit Stellgrößenbeschränkung vorgestellt. Ziel ist es, schnelle Ausregelvorgänge durch die Verwendung immer schnellerer Regler bei gleichzeitiger maximaler Ausnutzung des Stellgrößenbereichs zu erzielen. Dies wird durch einen einfachen parameterabhängigen Zweipunktregler erreicht. Die Stabilitätsbedingungen und Entwurfsmethodik werden vorgestellt. Komparativ zu anderen nichtlinearen Regelungen erfolgt schließlich die Analyse dieser Konvergenzrate, die eine untere Grenze der tatsächlichen Konvergenzrate des Systems innerhalb des Einzugsgebietes der Ruhelage darstellt.
(Verkehrs)sicherheit als regelungstechnische Aufgabe
Authors: Schnieder Eckehard 
Published: December 2014

Zusammenfassung
Ausgehend von einer
allgemeinen Begriffsdefinition der Verkehrssicherheit mit ihren
Ziel- und Messgrößen wird die Entstehung der
Verkehrssicherheit diskutiert und auf der Grundlage des Modellkonzeptes der
Risikogenese mittels stochastisch und probabilistisch attribuierter
Petrinetze beschrieben. Dieses wird in ein nichtlineares
Mehrgrößenregelungssystem überführt. Die
vielfältigen Einflussmöglichkeiten auf die Schadenshäufigkeit
und ihr Schadensausmaß als Risikokenngrößen werden
abschließend auf unterschiedlichen Abstraktionsebenen im Sinne eines
kaskadierten Regelungssystems diskutiert.
The Foundations and Funding of Basic Income as Primary Income
Authors: Monnier Jean-Marie , Vercellone Carlo 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe thesis of cognitive capitalism leads to a radical reform of the distribution of wealth. A basic primary income (BPI) scheme is the keystone of such reform. This paper shows that the justification of a BPI can also be founded on a re-examination of the notion of productive labor linked to the rise of the cognitive dimension of labor. This conception of basic income as primary income completes ethical and social justifications of BI. Our argumentation is structured in two connected parts. After an overview of cognitive capitalism, the first part is dedicated to the main foundations of our proposal of BPI. The second part concerns the articulation between our proposal for BPI and the modalities of funding one. We explain how the question of funding BPI is closely linked to its theoretical justifications.
Resonant marker design and fabrication techniques for device visualization during interventional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Kaiser Mandy , Detert Markus , Rube Martin A. , El-Tahir Abubakr , Elle Ole Jakob , Melzer Andreas , Schmidt Bertram , Rose Georg H. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has great potential as an imaging modality for guiding minimally invasive interventions because of its superior soft tissue contrast and the possibility of arbitrary slice positioning while avoiding ionizing radiation and nephrotoxic iodine contrast agents. The major constraints are: limited patient access, the insufficient assortment of compatible instruments and the difficult device visualization compared to X-ray based techniques. For the latter, resonant MRI markers, fabricated by using the wire-winding technique, have been developed. This fabrication technique serves as a functional model but has no clinical use. Thus, the aim of this study is to illustrate a four-phase design process of resonant markers involving microsystems technologies. The planning phase comprises the definition of requirements and the simulation of electromagnetic performance of the MRI markers. The following technologies were considered for the realization phase: aerosol-deposition process, hot embossing technology and thin film technology. The subsequent evaluation phase involves several test methods regarding electrical and mechanical characterization as well as MRI visibility aspects. The degree of fulfillment of the predefined requirements is determined within the analysis phase. Furthermore, an exemplary evaluation of four realized MRI markers was conducted, focusing on the performance within the MRI environment.
Nanoporous silica nanoparticles with spherical and anisotropic shape as fillers in dental composite materials
Authors: Timpe Nico , Fullriede Hendrik , Borchers Lothar , Stiesch Meike , Behrens Peter , Menzel Henning 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe objective of this study was to test whether nanoporous silica nanoparticles can be employed as fillers in dental composite materials to improve their mechanical properties. These nanoporous silica nanoparticles were synthesized using sol-gel methods, in part modified by silanization, and thoroughly characterized. The nanoporous nanoparticles were added to dental resins to form nanocomposites (resins impregnated with nanoparticles) and hybrid composites (containing in addition conventional microfillers). The incorporation of these nanoporous nanoparticles in dental resins or composites was characterized by investigation of the complex viscosity and double bond conversion as well as by determination of flexural strength and Young’s modulus. The dispersion of the nanofillers was examined by SEM and EDX imaging of fracture surfaces. Incorporation of small contents (1–3 wt%) of unmodified nanoporous particles leads to improved mechanical properties. However, the incorporation of larger contents results in particle agglomeration and declining mechanical properties. This effect is less pronounced when the surface of the particles is modified with methacrylate residues, resulting in a lower agglomeration tendency and a more homogeneous filler dispersion. Surface properties and, concomitantly, dispersibility of the nanoparticles have a strong influence on mechanical properties. But the incorporation of nanoporous instead of solid nanoparticles into dental composite materials is indeed a possibility to improve the mechanical behavior. However, modification of the surface is necessary and the key to achieving uniform dispersion and, thereby, improving mechanical properties.
HIF1A and MIF as potential predictive mRNA biomarkers of pre-eclampsia: a longitudinal prospective study in high risk population
Authors: Galbiati Silvia , Inversetti Annalisa , Causarano Vincenza , Stenirri Stefania , Soriani Nadia , Ambrosi Alessandro , Valsecchi Luca , Candiani Massimo , Cremonesi Laura , Ferrari Maurizio , Smid Maddalena 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPre-eclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive multisystem disorder, causing significant fetal-maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide. This study aims to define possible longitudinal predictive mRNA markers involved in the main pathogenic pathways of PE: inflammation [macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)], hypoxia and oxidative stress [hypoxia inducible factor 1-α subunit (HIF1A) and β-site APP-cleaving enzyme-2 (BACE2)] and endothelial dysfunction [endoglin (ENG), fms-related tyrosine kinase-1 (FLT1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)].Peripheral blood was collected from 33 singleton pregnancies characterized by a high cardiovascular profile risk sampled consecutively at 6–16; 17–23; 24–30; 31–34; ≥35 weeks followed by the Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit of the San Raffaele Hospital in Milan. A real-time quantitative PCR reaction was performed on plasma RNA.Of the 33 women enrolled, nine developed PE. Until 23 weeks HIF1A was significantly higher in women who later developed PE compared to women who did not (p=0.049 and p=0.012 in the first and second blood collection). In the third time interval MIF (p=0.0005), FLT1 (p=0.024), ENG (p=0.0034) and BACE2 (p=0.044) appeared to be significantly increased while HIF1A was elevated even from 24 week onwards but not reaching the statistical significance. In the fourth time interval ENG mRNA still remained increased (p=0.037).HIF1A, marker of hypoxia and oxidative stress, and MIF, marker of inflammation, seemed to be the most promising RNA markers, suggesting that hypoxia, principally, and inflammation may play an important role in PE pathogenesis.
Magnetoliposomes: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Monnier Christophe A. , Burnand David , Rothen-Rutishauser Barbara , Lattuada Marco , Petri-Fink Alke 
Published: December 2014

AbstractCombining liposomes with magnetic nanoparticles is an intriguing approach to create multifunctional vesicles for medical applications, which range from controlled drug delivery vehicles to diagnostic imaging enhancers. Over the past decade, significant effort has been invested in developing such hybrids – widely known as magnetoliposomes – and has led to numerous new concepts. This review provides an overview on of the current state of the art in this field. The concept of magnetic fluid hyperthermia and stimuli-responsive nanoparticles for drug delivery is briefly recapitulated. The materials needed for these hybrids are addressed as well. The three typically followed approaches to associate magnetic nanoparticles to the liposomes are described and discussed more in detail. The final chapters are dedicated to the analytical methods used to characterize these hybrids and to theoretical considerations relevant for bilayer-embedded nanoparticles.
Synthesis, characterization, and crystallization of biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone)-poly(L-lactide) diblock copolymers
Authors: Luo Song , Peng Xinyu , Chen Ying , Su Ting , Cao Jun , Li Sai , He Bin 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThree diblock copolymers of PCL6k-PLLA2k, PCL6k-PLLA4k, and PCL6k-PLLA6k were prepared and their crystallization behaviors were investigated. The molecular weights of the copolymers calculated from 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra were equivalent to the designed molecular weights. The gel permeation chromatography spectra of the copolymers showed one peak, which revealed that the copolymers were monodisperse. The crystallization capability of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) decreased and that of poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) increased when the molecular weight of the PLLA block was increased from 2k to 6k. PCL spherulites in the PCL6k-PLLA2k copolymer film were smaller than those in PCL6k-PLLA4k or PCL6k-PLLA6k copolymer film. PCL spherulites in the PCL6k-PLLA2k copolymer film grew fastest within all three diblock copolymers. An obvious phase separation phenomenon was observed on the surface of PCL6k-PLLA6k copolymer film in atomic force microscopy images.
In women, no significant variances of calculated free testosterone (cFT) are observed when a fixed value of albumin (Alb: 4.3 g/dL) is used instead of measured albumin values
Authors: Garcia-Banigan Dinamarie , Guay Andre , Traish Abdul , Doros Gheorghe , Gawoski John 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Background: Calculated free testosterone (cFT) is determined from the values of total testosterone (TT), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and albumin (Alb) using mathematical formulae. We evaluated any potential cFT variance when determined with fixed Alb (4.3 g/dL) compared to measured Alb, and the point at which low SHBG and Alb combinations produced significant cFT variance.

Materials: We analyzed 2050 data points in 1222 women. cFT values with fixed vs. the actual measured Alb values were evaluated and contrasted. cFT levels were determined theoretically for all possible combinations of TT, SHBG, and Alb.

Methods: Agreement between the two measures was assessed with Lin’s concordance coefficient. Statistical analyses were performed using R software version 2.12.1.

Results: Mean Alb was 4.05±0.30 g/dL. Mean SHBG 73.0±53.3 nmol/L. A fixed Alb of 4.3 g/dL produced no significant variance for most evaluations of cFT. The accuracy decreased with Alb ≤3.5 g/dL in combination with SHBG ≤30 nmol/L and exists in 1.0% of the samples.

Conclusions: A fixed Alb of 4.3 g/dL is acceptable for most clinical evaluations. If Alb is ≤3.5 g/dL, along with SHBG ≤30 nmol/L, the variance increases and a free testosterone (FT) measurement by equilibrium dialysis is warranted for better accuracy.
Age-associated (cardio)metabolic diseases and cross-talk between adipose tissue and skeleton: endocrine aspects
Authors: Migliaccio Silvia , Greco Emanuela A. , Aversa Antonio , Lenzi Andrea 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Aged individuals continue to increase in number, and it is important to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of age-related changes in order to develop interventions that could contribute to “successful aging”. Metabolic and hormonal factors, age-related changes in body composition, and a decline in physical activity are all involved in the tendency to lose muscle mass, to gain fat mass, and, also, to experience bone loss. Obesity, sarcopenia, and osteoporosis are important widespread health problems that lead to high prevalence of both mortality and morbidity. Indeed, during the last decades, obesity and osteoporosis have become a major health threat around the world. Aging increases the risk of developing obesity, sarcopenia, osteoporosis, and, also, cardiovascular diseases. A reduction of both bone and muscle mass with a corresponding increase of fat mass and inflammation and hormonal imbalance in the elderly lead to and may synergistically increase cardiovascular diseases. This review will focus on the relationship among these different medical situations, trying to clarify the cellular and molecular mechanisms.