bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salivary tests associated with elderly people’s oral health
Authors: de Lima Saintrain Maria V. , Gonçalves Renata D. 
Published: February 2013

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2012.00627.xSalivary tests associated with elderly people’s oral healthIntroduction:   The saliva constitutes essential condition for the individual’s health.Aim:  Identify the relation of the salivary flow and saliva pH with medicine use and oral discomfort in elderly.Methods and materials:  Cross‐sectional study with 68 elderly living in a long staying institution. Salivary tests were performed based on Bo Krasse’s methodology. For pH, the Universalindikator – Merck tape was used. A questionnaire was applied, organising data through Software SPSS version 17. Pearson’s qui‐square distribution, Fisher’s exact test and t‐test for paired data were used, with significance level of 5% and confidence interval of 95%.Results:  Among the 68 elderly (average of 70.4 years, SD ± 7.27), 80% showed normal pH. The rate of salivary flow was as follows: very low, 32.3%; lowered, 41.2%; and normal, 25.5%; 30.9% reported dry mouth; 22.1% problems with taste; 17.6%, dysphagia; and 14.7%, burning mouth. 76.5% used medicines. There was statistical significance between medicine use and dry mouth (p = 0.015). They showed an association between salivary flow and medicine use (p = 0.048), feels dry mouth (0.018) and difficulty to swallow (p = 0.046), and saliva pH without stimulation and feels dry mouth (p = 0.003), difficulty to swallow (p = 0.006) and burning mouth sensation (p = 0.014).Conclusion:  Low salivary flow and saliva pH interfere on elderly people’s health and medicine use influences on results.
Colloid or crystalloid solution on maternal and neonatal hemodynamics for cesarean section: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Li Le , Zhang Yang , Tan Ying , Xu Shiyuan 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimTo compare the effect of colloid and crystalloid on maternal and neonatal hemodynamics in cesarean section.Material and MethodsWe searched MEDLINE (PubMed, 1966–2011), EMBASE (1974–2011), http://www.clinicaltrials.gov, the Cochrane Controlled Clinical Trials Register Database, Biosis Preview, and the Chinese Biomedical Database (1980–2011). Randomized controlled trials involving healthy term patients undergoing scheduled cesarean delivery that compared the effect of colloid and crystalloid on hypotension, need for vasopressors, cardiac output, neonatal outcomes, and other adverse effects were analyzed.ResultsTen trials of 853 patients were eligible for analysis. When colloid was used, significantly fewer hypotensive events occurred (odds ratio [OR] 3.21, 95% CI 2.15–4.53, number needed to treat = 4), less demand for vasopressors (standard mean difference [SMD] 0.77, 95% CI 0.34–1.21) and improved cardiac output (SMD −1.08, 95% CI −2.00 – −0.17). In subgroup analysis, the use of colloid reduced hypotensive events and adverse effects in Asian patients.ConclusionColloid hydration should be considered first, especially in Asian patients, focusing on dosage and type of fluids. Preventive or therapeutic vasopressors may be required in a significant proportion of patients.
Mental illness training on the Internet for nurse aides: a replication study
Authors: Irvine A. B. , Billow M. B. , McMahon E. , Eberhage M. G. , Seeley J. R. , Bourgeois M. 
Published: February 2013

Accessible summary
Research shows that Internet training for direct care workers in long‐term care facilities is effective, but little is known about how it works in a non‐research setting, and if an available training programme would continue to be used.
Three facilities trained all their direct care workers in a replication study with the same training programme.
Trainees showed very positive effects after the training, showing improved self‐confidence and knowledge about mental illness. Users rated the programme highly, and they indicated that the training would improve the quality of their resident care. Supervisors praised the training, and they said care workers were using recommended training behaviours. Although available to all staff, however, nursing and other staff made little use of the training in subsequent months.
These results suggest that Internet training is feasible, and it is perceived to be beneficial for resident care by trainees. Administrators, however, when they develop plans for staff training on the Internet, need to plan for continued utilization and dissemination of best practices to other staff.
AbstractInternet training courses for nurse aides (NAs) in long‐term care facilities (LTCs) have been shown to be effective. Little is known, however, about Internet training effects on NAs in a non‐research context, or about continued utilization of an available training programme. In this research, a replication study was conducted with the Internet training programme Caring Skills: Working with Mental Illness. Three LTCs provided the training to all NAs, each within a 1‐month interval scheduled during consecutive months. Supervisors were interviewed subsequently about their experiences organizing and supervising the training. Participants in all three LTCs showed positive pre–post‐tests effects with large effect sizes on situational knowledge and self‐efficacy, and knowledge about mental illness. Users rated the programme highly, and they indicated that it would improve quality of their resident care. Supervisors praised the training, and they said NAs were using recommended training behaviours. Although available to all staff, nursing and other staff made little use of the training in subsequent months. Training for NAs on the Internet thus appears feasible, and it is perceived to be beneficial for resident care. Plans for continued utilization and dissemination of best practices to other staff, however, should be integrated when planning for staff training on the Internet.
Recovering from childhood sexual abuse: a theoretical framework for practice and research
Authors: Chouliara Z. , Karatzias T. , Gullone A. 
Published: February 2013

Accessible summary
Adopting a model of personally meaningful recovery places demands on the therapeutic relationship, on clinical governance and supervision of clinicians.
The recovery journey from childhood sexual abuse (CSA) starts at the point of disclosure.
Findings support the use of shame‐based and compassion‐focused interventions with CSA survivors.
AbstractResearch on survivors' experiences of recovering from childhood sexual abuse (CSA) has been limited and focused on those with severe mental health difficulties. This study elicited experiences of recovery from CSA in male and female survivors who have/have not utilized mental health services. The tangible end‐point was to propose a theoretical model of personally meaningful recovery. This is a qualitative study, which utilized semi‐structured individual interviews following the critical incident technique. Transcripts were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis to identify recurrent themes. A total 22 adult survivors of CSA. Main themes identified were: The Affected Self, Factors Hindering Recovery, Factors Enhancing Recovery, The Hurdles of Recovery and the Recovering Self. The affected self included: lack of boundary awareness and self‐blame, over self‐reliance, over‐vigilance and guilt, shame, aloneness and social stigma. The recovering self was characterized by increasing confidence, assertiveness, ability to self‐care and self‐acceptance, and by embracing vulnerability. These findings have potentially major implications for clinical practice, service provision, policy development and professional training in this field. The importance of disclosure in the healing process seemed paramount and can have major implications for current service protocols.
Hepatitis B virus in the Maghreb Region: from epidemiology to prospective research
Authors: Ezzikouri Sayeh , Pineau Pascal , Benjelloun Soumaya 
Published: February 2013

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) represents an important health problem in the Maghreb countries, Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco and Tunisia, but no detailed synthesis of its epidemiology is available. In this review, we systematically searched for data about HBV in the Maghreb in peer‐reviewed databases and included in our analysis works written in English and French, as well as institutional reports and regional conference meeting abstracts. We estimated national and regional prevalence of chronic HBV infection. In addition, we discuss molecular features of the viral strains circulating in the region.Data analysis suggests that in the Maghreb region HBs antigen carriage concerns 1.8–4.9% of the population for an estimated number of 2.7 million persons. Genotype D, subtype D7, is predominant and mutations in the precore region of HBV genome are highly prevalent.This epidemiological situation requires obviously widespread active interventions for prevention and control. In addition, anti‐hepatitis B vaccination programme should be applied with the utmost discipline in the five countries considered in this present review. This systematic review will, hopefully, increase knowledge at disposal of Public Health authorities, enabling better resource allocation and healthcare delivery. The present synthesis intends to stimulate policies aiming at preventing the spread of HBV, keeping in mind that eradication of the virus from Maghrebi populations should be the ultimate objective of Public Health authorities.
Estimation of calf:cow ratios of Pacific walruses for use in population modeling and monitoring
Authors: Citta John J. , Quakenbush Lori T. , Taras Brian D. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe report on a method of visually classifying Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus) to sex and age class with the goal of estimating calf:cow ratios. Development of this method began in 1958 by Dr. F. H. Fay and was used during six surveys in the Chukchi Sea between 1981 and 1999. We estimate calf:cow ratios using beta‐binomial models to allow for overdispersion and use Monte Carlo simulations to assess the reliability of prior surveys and quantify sample sizes required for future surveys. Calf:cow ratios did not vary by region, date, or by the number of cows in a group. However, higher ratios were observed in the morning and evening than during the day, indicating haul out behavior of cows varies by reproductive status. Adjusted for solar noon, few calves were observed in 1981 (3:100), 1984 (6:100), and 1998 (5:100), while substantially more were observed in 1982 (15:100) and 1999 (13:100). Classifying between 200 and 300 groups with cows (~1,600–2,300 individual cows) will yield calf:cow ratios with ~20%–30% relative precision. Tagging studies that examine hauling‐out behavior of cows with and without calves relative to time‐of‐day are necessary to better understand how to interpret calf:cow ratios.
Spatiotemporal reconstruction of the Aquilegia rapid radiation through next‐generation sequencing of rapidly evolving cpDNA regions
Authors: Fior Simone , Li Mingai , Oxelman Bengt , Viola Roberto , Hodges Scott A. , Ometto Lino , Varotto Claudio 
Published: February 2013

Summary

Aquilegia is a well‐known model system in the field of evolutionary biology, but obtaining a resolved and well‐supported phylogenetic reconstruction for the genus has been hindered by its recent and rapid diversification.

Here, we applied 454 next‐generation sequencing to PCR amplicons of 21 of the most rapidly evolving regions of the plastome to generate c. 24 kb of sequences from each of 84 individuals from throughout the genus.

The resulting phylogeny has well‐supported resolution of the main lineages of the genus, although recent diversification such as in the European taxa remains unresolved. By producing a chronogram of the whole Ranunculaceae family based on published data, we inferred calibration points for dating the Aquilegia radiation. The genus originated in the upper Miocene c. 6.9 million yr ago (Ma) in Eastern Asia, and diversification occurred c. 4.8 Ma with the split of two main clades, one colonizing North America, and the other Western Eurasia through the mountains of Central Asia. This was followed by a back‐to‐Asia migration, originating from the European stock using a North Asian route.

These results provide the first backbone phylogeny and spatiotemporal reconstruction of the Aquilegia radiation, and constitute a robust framework to address the adaptative nature of speciation within the group.
Interspecific hybridization in Gossypium L.: characterization of progenies with different ploidy‐confirmed multigenomic backgrounds
Authors: Newaskar Ganesh S. , Chimote Vivek P. , Mehetre Subhash S. , Jadhav Ashok S. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractCytological and molecular investigations were undertaken for parent and progeny derived from a trispecific line [2(Gossypium arboreum × G. anomalum) × G. hirsutum var. BWR], which was crossed with G. hirsutum var. JLH168. Cytomorphological analysis of the F1 (G. arboreum × G. anomalum), its amphidiploid and progeny from trispecies hybrid showed distorted ploidy segregation with monovalents to hexavalents and high intergenomic (small A2 and large B1) allosynthetic chromosome pairing. Microsatellite analysis identified three fragments associated with G. arboreum and G. anomalum and six fragments associated with G. hirsutum in derivates of the trispecies line × G. hirsutum var. JLH168. Inter‐Retrotransposon Amplified Polymorphism (IRAP) analysis revealed fragments of G. arboreum and G. anomalum, only in F1 and amphidiploid. Chromosomal association and microsatellite analysis of three progeny genotypes (i.e. haploid, hexaploid and tetraploid no. 1) confirmed that they share multigenomic background from the three cotton species (A2, AhDh and B1 genome). The interspecific hybrid cotton genotypes studied are likely to be useful for the introgression of genes from diploid species to commercial upland cultivars.
The generation of novel species hybrids between garden dahlias and Dahlia macdougallii to increase the gene pool for variety breeding
Authors: Schie Stephan , Debener Thomas 
Published: February 2013

AbstractTo transfer new traits into the gene pool of garden dahlias (Dahlia variabilis), crosses between garden dahlias (2n = 64) and the epiphytic species Dahlia macdougallii (2n = 32) from the section Epiphytum were conducted. Six hybrid plants were obtained. The hybrid status was verified using three SSR markers. In addition, flow cytometry was performed to determine the genome size of the hybrids and to show that the hybrids were hexaploid as expected from crosses between tetraploids and octoploids. The open pollinated progeny of the hybrids produced four progeny with octoploid genomes. The hybrids exhibited indeterminate vegetative growth and the formation of flowers from axillary buds, similar to the father D. macdougallii. This result is of interest for breeding new varieties of dahlia with traits that are not present in the current gene pool.
Domestic Carnivore's Development: Detection of Oct‐4, A Pluripotency Marker, in Pharyngeal Arches
Authors: Roballo KCS , Ercolin ACM , Casals JB , Pieri NCG , Barreto RSN , Illera MJ , Martins DS , Miglino MA , Ambrósio CE 
Published: February 2013

ContentsVery few carnivore's embryology is reported mainly restricted to old literature without new technique analyses. Also, their development focuses on pharyngeal arches and stem cell sources and the high capacity for differentiation from those cells to generate embryonic tissue. We aimed to use immunohistochemistry to prove the potentiality of these stem cell niches. The results were to highlight the timetable for the development of dogs and cats, the proper formation of pharyngeal arches and the description of these cells on first and second arches since 17–25 days of pregnancy. After that, the differentiation process is reduced.
Use of antibacterial fixed‐dose combinations in the private sector in eight Latin American Countries between 1999 and 2009
Authors: Wirtz Veronika J. , Mol Peter G. M. , Verdijk Jonneke , Vander Stichele Robert H. , Taxis Katja 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo assesses the safety and rationale of antibacterial fixed‐dose combinations in the private sector in Latin America and determine the extent of their use.MethodsAnalysis of FDCs was based on retail sales data for eight Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela) between 1999 and 2009. FDCs were classified according to the pre‐defined criteria. Use was expressed as daily defined doses per 1000 inhabitants per day (DDD/TID).ResultsA total of 175 antibacterial FDCs contained a mean of 1.3 antibacterial substances and 3.2 other active substances. Thirty‐seven (21%) FDCs were classified as unsafe, 124 (70%) as lacking sufficient evidence for efficacy and only 14 (9%) of all FDCs were considered rational, for example amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. Consumption of unsafe FDCs decreased by 0.011 DDD/TID (95% CI: −0.012 to −0.009) annually, from 0.173 DDD/TID in 1999 to 0.070 DDD/TID in 2009 (overall decrease, 59.7%). Consumption of FDCs lacking sufficient evidence decreased by 30.3% (−0.018 DDD/TID [95% CI: −0.028 to −0.008] annually), while use of rational FDCs increased by 17.1% (from 1.283 DDD/TID to 1.497 DDD/TID annually).ConclusionThe majority of antibacterial FDCs in the private sector lack therapeutic benefit. Despite the decrease in the consumption of unsafe antibacterials and those lacking sufficient evidence, their use remains high and their marketing does not fit into strategies of prudent use of antibiotics to contain antibacterial resistance.
‘Eventless’ InsP3‐dependent SR‐Ca2+ release affecting atrial Ca2+ sparks
Authors: Horn Tamara , Ullrich Nina D. , Egger Marcel 
Published: February 2013

Key points
Inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptors (InsP3Rs) are functionally expressed in cardiac myocytes.
The influence of inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate‐induced sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)‐Ca2+release (IP3ICR) on atrial excitation‐contraction coupling (ECC) under physiological and pathophysiological conditions remains elusive.
The present study focuses on local IP3ICR and its functional consequences for ryanodine receptor (RyR) activity and subsequent Ca2+‐induced Ca2+ release in atrial myocytes.
Here we show significant SR‐Ca2+ flux, but eventless SR‐Ca2+ release through InsP3Rs.
We suggest a new mechanism based on eventless and highly efficient InsP3‐dependent SR‐Ca2+ flux as a crucial mechanism of functional cross‐talk between InsP3Rs and RyRs, which may be an important factor in the modulation of ECC sensitivity.
Abstract  Augmented inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor (InsP3R) function has been linked to a variety of cardiac pathologies, including cardiac arrhythmia. The contribution of inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate‐induced Ca2+ release (IP3ICR) in excitation‐contraction coupling (ECC) under physiological conditions, as well as under cellular remodelling, remains controversial. Here we test the hypothesis that local IP3ICR directly affects ryanodine receptor (RyR) function and subsequent Ca2+‐induced Ca2+ release in atrial myocytes. IP3ICR was evoked by UV‐flash photolysis of caged InsP3 under whole‐cell configuration of the voltage‐clamp technique in atrial myocytes isolated from C57/BL6 mice. Photolytic release of InsP3 was accompanied by a significant increase in the Ca2+ release event frequency (4.14 ± 0.72 vs. 6.20 ± 0.76 events (100 μm)−1 s−1). These individual photolytically triggered Ca2+ release events were identified as Ca2+ sparks, which originated from RyR openings. This was verified by Ca2+ spark analysis and pharmacological separation between RyR and InsP3R‐dependent sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)‐Ca2+ release (2‐aminoethoxydiphenyl borate, xestospongin C, tetracaine). Significant SR‐Ca2+ flux but eventless SR‐Ca2+ release through InsP3R were characterized using SR‐Ca2+ leak/SR‐Ca2+ load measurements. These results strongly support the idea that IP3ICR can effectively modulate RyR openings and Ca2+ spark probability. We conclude that eventless and highly efficient InsP3‐dependent SR‐Ca2+ flux is the main mechanism of functional cross‐talk between InsP3Rs and RyRs, which may be an important factor in the modulation of ECC sensitivity.
Pharmacodynamics and Dose-Response Relationships of Liposomal Amphotericin B against Different Azole-Resistant Aspergillus fumigatus Isolates in a Murine Model of Disseminated Aspergillosis
Authors: Seyedmousavi Seyedmojtaba , Melchers Willem J. G. , Mouton Johan W. , Verweij Paul E. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

The management of invasive aspergillosis (IA) has become more complicated due to the emergence of acquired azole resistance in
Aspergillus fumigatus
, which is associated with treatment failure and a mortality rate of 88%. Treatment with liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB) may be a useful alternative to improve therapeutic outcome in azole-resistant IA. Four clinical
A. fumigatus
isolates obtained from patients with proven IA were studied in a nonneutropenic murine model of infection: a wild-type isolate without mutations in the
cyp51A
gene and three azole-resistant isolates harboring a single mutation at codon 220 (M220I) and tandem repeat mutations (a 34-bp tandem repeat mutation in the promoter region of the
cyp51A
gene in combination with substitutions at codon L98 [TR
34
/L98H] and a 46-bp tandem repeat mutation in the promoter region of the
cyp51A
gene in combination with mutation at codons Y121 and T289 [TR
46
/Y121F/T289A]), respectively. Female CD-1 mice were infected intravenously 24 h prior to the start of therapy. Groups of 11 mice were treated at days 1, 2, and 5 postchallenge with increasing 4-fold doses of L-AmB ranging from 0.004 to 16 mg/kg/day and observed for 14 days. Survival for all 4 isolates at day 14 was significantly better than that of controls. A dose-response relationship was observed independent of the azole resistance mechanism. The Hill-type model with a variable slope fitted the relationship between the dose and 14-day survival well for all isolates, with
R
2
values of 0.95 (wild-type), 0.97 (M220I), 0.85 (TR
34
/L98H), and 0.94 (TR
46
/Y121F/T289A), respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis confirmed that there was no significant difference between groups. The results of these experiments indicate that L-AmB was able to prolong survival
in vivo
in disseminated IA independent of the presence of an azole resistance mechanism in a dose-dependent manner, and therefore, they support a role for L-AmB in the treatment of azole-resistant IA.