bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth Factors and Wound Healing
Authors: FALANGA VINCENT 
Published: June 2013

background. Over the last decade, there has been an exponential increase in our knowledge of the biology of growth factors. The hope has been and remains that these potent biologic agents will effect a fundamental improvement in the way we treat wounds.objective. We will discuss the biology of growth factors and the dramatic effects these proteins have on cell proliferation, cell chemotaxis, and on the formation of extracellular matrix molecules.results. Growth factors are extremely potent biologic agents that show promise in accelerating wound repair in both animal and human studies. They improve granulation tissue, enhance tensile strength, and promote reepithelialization. Cosmetic effects are also to be expected by antagonizing and blocking the action of these peptides.conclusion. Growth factors are likely to become an important therapeutic tool for the dermatologic surgeon.
Topical Silicone Gel Sheeting in the Treatment of Hypertrophic Scars and Keloids
Authors: GOLD MICHAEL H. 
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUND. Topical silicone gel sheeting has been used successfully in the management of hypertrophic and keloid scars resulting from thermal burn wounds.METHODS. An open‐labelled approach using the silicone gel sheets was performed using hypertrophic and keloid scars secondary to surgical procedures or traumatic insults.RESULTS. The silicone gel sheets resulted in moderate improvement in scar thickness, scar color and was noted to be effective to some degree in all tested. The material was easy to use and painless.CONCLUSION. Topical silicone gel sheeting is an effective method for the treatment of hypertrophic and keloid scars and may be considered useful in the treatment of these difficult cutaneous lesions.
Doppler Ultrasound Findings in Reticular Veins of the Thigh Subdermic Lateral Venous System and Implications for Sclerotherapy
Authors: WEISS ROBERT A. , WEISS MARGARET A. 
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUND. Treatment of varicose veins is directed towards eliminating sources of reflux causing venous hypertension in the superficial venous system. Doppler ultrasound is routinely used to localize sources of reflux prior to treatment of large varicose veins.OBJECTIVE. To assess the value of Doppler ultrasound in localizing reflux in subcutaneous reticular veins associated with groups of lateral thigh telangiectases.METHODS. Seven hundred patient records in which Doppler ultrasound was performed on thigh reticular veins were reviewed. Patients with reflux of the saphenofemoral junction, saphenopopliteal junction, or major saphenous system perforators were excluded.RESULTS. Audible reflux upon distal calf compression release was noted in thigh subcutaneous reticular veins of 618 out of 700 patients (88%). These incompetent reticular veins were associated with groups or webs of telangiectases and/or venulectases on the lateral thigh in almost all cases. Reflux was loudest just distal to the lateral femoral condyle. In 20 patients Doppler ultrasound was performed on a reticular vein while a telangiectasia associated with the reticular vein was injected with sclerosing solution. In 15 patients a clearly audible flow signal was heard in the reticular vein during injection.CONCLUSION. These findings indicate an association of telangiectatic veins with reticular veins on the thighs. Furthermore, this study underscores the value of Doppler in determining sources of reflux in smaller veins and implies that sclerotherapy of reticular veins is necessary for treatment of thigh telangiectatic webs.
Inadvertent Intra‐Arterial Injection Complicating Ordinary and Ultrasound‐Guided Sclerotherapy
Authors: BIEGELEISEN K. , NEILSEN R.D. , O'SHAUGHNESSY ANN 
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUND. Intra‐arterial injection is the most dreaded complication of sclerotherapy of varicose veins. The medical literature does not contain enough data to enable one to formulate a definitive strategy for either the prevention or treatment of this complication.OBJECTIVE. Seven cases of intra‐arterial injection are presented. The causes of these accidents, the recognition of the signs that intra‐arterial injection has occurred, and the treatment of these cases are discussed.METHODS. Intra‐arterial injection occurs in a variety of different settings. The signs that an intra‐arterial injection has taken place are variable, but in some cases there are no signs until irreversible tissue damage has already set in. Treatment protocols are based mainly on anticoagulation with heparin, which is administered both intravenously and subcutaneously.RESULTS. Heparin, whether administered continuously by the intravenous route or subcutaneously (twice daily), makes affected areas look and feel better, but there is no proof that it alters the final outcome with respect to tissue necrosis. In agreement with previous authors, we believe that there is a beneficial effect. Coumadin, on the other hand, appears to be completely ineffective.CONCLUSION. Protocols employing heparin should be considered in cases of suspected intra‐arterial injection. The length of time heparin should be continued is uncertain. The best “treatment” is prevention.
The Preparation of Frozen Sections for Micrographic Surgery
Authors: MILLER LORETTA J. , ARGENYI ZSOLT B. , WHITAKER DUANE C. 
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUND. Various methods are currently in use for preparing histological slides for micrographic surgery.OBJECTIVE. Because many variables contribute to the quality preparation of frozen sections, a review of techniques available is useful to the Mohs surgeon.TECHNICAL METHODS AND RESULTS. Our techniques as well as the published work of others regarding mounting, embedding, freezing, slides, fixation, staining, and clearing are reviewed in detail. By the use of the options selected we were able to produce, in a short turnaround time, frozen sections with excellent quality and minimal artifact.CONCLUSION. Presently all preparation techniques may introduce some degree of artifact. However, we feel the process described herein is adaptable to all Mohs surgery laboratories and will result in high quality specimens with minimal artifact.
Injectable Collagen and Autoimmune Disease
Authors: ELSON MELVIN L. 
Published: June 2013

background. The media and litigation in the United States have alleged a link between the use of injectable bovine collagen and the development of autoimmune disease, specifically dermatomyositis/polymyositis.objective. To present the scientific and epidemiologic data with regard to this issue.methods. Literature was reviewed as well as reports to Collagen Corporation and the litigation.results. After review of the literature and review of data currently available to Collagen Corporation, no link can be established at this time between collagen injectable material and autoimmune disease, specifically dermatomyositis/polymyositis.conclusion. There are no epidemiologic or scientific data to support the alleged link in the media and litigation between injectable bovine collagen material and dermatomyositis/lpolymyositis.
Mohs Micrographic Surgery Local Recurrences
Authors: HRUZA GEORGE J. 
Published: June 2013

background. Even though 5‐year cure rates are as high as 99% for Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) of cutaneous carcinomas, theoretically 100% cure rates of unifocal carcinomas should be possible.objective. To determine why cutaneous malignancies recur locally (persist) after MMS.methods. A retrospective study of all cutaneous malignancies treated with MMS during a 4‐year period at Washington University School of Medicine was made. All lesions that were locally recurrent after previous MMS were analyzed for any possible cause of the recurrence.results. POf 2,414 cutaneous malignancies treated, 33 (1.4%) were locally recurrent after previous MMS by four different Mohs surgeons and five separate technicians. Technical or interpretation problems that could have accounted for the local recurrence were identified in 77% of the lesions. The mean time to recurrence was 38.5 months, with 20% developing more than 5 years after the initial MMS.conclusion. MMS local recurrences are rare with procedural errors representing a majority of them. Five‐year cure rates for basal cell carcinoma may somewhat overestimate the ultimate cure rate.
Comparison of Iontophoresis of Lidocaine with a Eutectic Mixture of Lidocaine and Prilocaine (EMLA) for Topically Administered Local Anesthesia
Authors: GREENBAUM STEVEN S. , BERNSTEIN ERIC F. 
Published: June 2013

background. Almost all dermatologic surgery is accomplished using local anesthesia. To make our patients more comfortable, there is a constant search for less painful methods of administering anesthetic agents. Topical EMLA as well as iontophoresis are both useful in this regard.objective. In this study we compared topical EMM with lidocaine delivered by iontophoresis in a double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial. Our goal was to assess the degree of anesthesia obtained as well as the relative rapidity of onset.methods. A double‐blind controlled study was performed on 10 healthy volunteers between 26 and 37 years of age. Three test sites were placed on each forearm. EMLA or a moisturizer control was placed on two of the three test sites on each arm. Each site was wiped free of cream and tested for sensitivity to pinprick 30 and 60 minutes after cream placement. One iontophoretic unit was placed on each forearm. Both units were saturated with anesthesia with the control unit being turned off. Sensitivity to pinprick was evaluated at the iontophoretic sites and one of the EMLA sites 30 minutes after site placement on the subject. The additional EMLA‐treated site was tested in the same manner 60 minutes after placement.results. Both EMM cream and the iontophoretic unit delivered topical anesthesia greater than the control. Significantly more anesthesia was acquired 1 hour after application of EMM than was seen 30 minutes earlier. The iontophoretic patch‐treated area provided greater anesthesia than the EMLA‐treated sites evaluated 30 and 60 minutes after placement. Both modalities provided significant anesthesia when left in place for 60 minutes.conclusion. Both iontophoresis of lidocaine and topical EMM delivered significant, and sometimes complete, local anesthesia. A greater degree of anesthesia is delivered via iontophoresis after 30 minutes as compared with EMLA left on the skin for 30 or 60 minutes. Both modalities have important and unique advantages and disadvantages. Topical EMM and iontophoretically delivered lidocaine are both valuable tools for the dermatologic surgeon.
Acrally Occurring Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans in Children and Adults
Authors: RABINOWITZ LINDA G. , LUCHETTI MARY ELLEN , SEGURA ANNETTE D. , ESTERLY NANCY B. 
Published: June 2013

background. Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) arising on the hands and feet is unusual and, at any site, is extremely rare in children.objective. We report a 5‐year‐old girl who developed DFSP on her hand at 9 months of age. We review the clinical features and treatment of childhood DFSP and of acrally occurring DFSP at all ages.conclusion. DFSP in children develops most often on the back (22.2%) and at acral sites(14.8%). It occurs on the hands and feet of children more commonly than in adults. This may be related to the increased frequency of trauma at these sites in children. Mohs micrographic surgery is the treatment of choice for DFSP.
The Use of Retention Sutures and Tensed Silastic‐Dacron Strips for the Prevention of Stretch‐Back after Alopecia‐reducing Procedures
Authors: BRANDY DOMINIC A. 
Published: June 2013

background. A comparison between using retention sutures (N = 25), a tensed Silastic‐Dacron strip (N = 25), or nothing (N = 25) for the prevention of stretch‐back (after alopecia‐reducing procedures) was performed between 1990 and 1992.objective. The purpose was to determine if retention sutures or a tensed Silastic‐Dacron strip placed subgaleally from one donor fringe to the other would reduce the amount of stretch‐back after alopecia‐reducing procedures.method. A prospective study of a total of 75 patients was performed. The width of the bald area was measured immediately after the surgery and at 3 months with each of the three modalities.results. Retention sutures resulted in some prevention of stretch‐back. Tensed Silastic‐Dacron Strips totally prevented stretch‐back and in some cases made the bald area compressed.conclusions. Retention sutures placed through subgaleal tunnels reduces stretch‐back after alopecia‐reducing procedures. Tensed Silastic‐Dacron Strips totally prevent stretch‐back and in approximately half the cases compress the area of baldness.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma Developing within Lichen Planus of the Penis
Authors: LEAL‐KHOURI SUSANA , HRUZA GEORGE J. 
Published: June 2013

background. Lichen planus is a common disease, with a low malignant potential. There are several case reports in the literature of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) developing in cutaneous lichen planuse. However, SCC developing in penile lichen planus is extremely rare.objective. To report a case of SCC developing within penile lichen planus, to discuss treatment with Mohs micrographic surgery, and to review the literature.method. The diagnosis of lichen planus and SCC were made by biopsy of the lesion.results. We present the first case in the English literature of SCC developing within lichen planus of the penis. The lesion was treated with Mohs surgery and the patient's penis is functional and free of tumor 2 years postoperatively.conclusion. Squamous cell carcinoma may develop within lichen planus. Treatment‐resistant longstanding cases of lichen planus should be biopsied. Mohs micrographic surgery is a precise treatment for penile SCC, it avoids penectomy, and preserves normal function.
Sequential Injection of 3% Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfate and 20% Sodium Chloride in the Treatment of Refractory Varicosity of the Greater Saphenous Vein
Authors: MILLER DENNIS , BIEGELEISEN K. 
Published: June 2013

background. American practitioners of sclerotherapy are limited by United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) restrictions. The strongest FDA‐approved sclerosant is sodium tetradecyl sulfate. In the United States, when a varicose vein is refractory to treatment with this drug, there are no effective FDA‐approved pharmaceutical alternatives.objective. A method of sequential injection of sodium tetradecyl sulfate followed immediately by sodium chloride is described. We have theorized that this drug combination should be more effective than equivalent doses of either drug alone.methods. The injections are done under ultrasonic guidance. Sodium tetradecyl sulfate is injected first. After the vessel goes into spasm, a second injection of sodium chloride is made through the same needle.results. In the majority of varicose veins that had been refractory to repeated large doses of sodium tetradecyl sulfate alone, a single sequential injection treatment has brought about sclerosis and rapid atropy.conclusion. This method should be considered for any case in which sclerotherapy is indicated, if it is known or anticipated that sodium tetradecyl sulfate alone will be ineffective or inefficient.
Basal Cell Epithelioma Arising from Epidermoid Cyst
Authors: MEHREGAN DAVID A. , AL‐SABAH HUMOUD Y. , MEHREGAN AMIR H. 
Published: June 2013

background
. Basal cell epithelioma is a tumor arising from a pluripotential cell found within the basal cell layer of the epidermis or various appendageal structures.
objective
. We report two cases of basal cell epithelioma arising from the wall of an epidermoid cyst.
methods
AND RESULTS. Review of our files produced two cases of basal cell epithelioma arising from a cyst wall.
conclusions
. Basal cell epithelioma arising from the wall of an epidermoid cyst is rare. Examination of all cysts removed surgically is important as not to overlook this possibility and to allow close follow‐up for potential recurrence.
The Modified Buried Vertical Mattress Suture
Authors: SADICK NEIL S. , D'AMELIO DIANA L. , WEINSTEIN CYNTHIA 
Published: June 2013

background. Recent modifications of mattress suturing techniques have been reported producing rapid and effective skin eversion and excellent tensile strength while producing cosmetically elegant results.objective. Presented here is a new modification of the buried vertical mattress suture. Results employing this technique compared with conventional bi‐layered wound closure are presented.methods. One hundred patients were analyzed in a doubleblind randomized study where excision was carried out on benign pigmented lesions of the upper back. Fifty patients were treated by a conventional bi‐layered closure technique while another 50 patients were treated by the newly described buried vertical mattress suture technique. Parameters of infection, hypertrophic scar/keloid formation, dehiscence, suture reaction, wound spread, and patient satisfaction were examined.results. The modified buried vertical mattress suture technique produced less hypertrophic scar/keloid formation (2% vs 16%) as well as less wound scar spread (6% vs 24%) compared with conventional bi‐layered suturing techniques. In addition, it was associated with a high degree of patient satisfaction (96%).conclusion. The modified buried dermal mattress suture technique produces excellent cosmetic results in closing elliptical excisions on thick dermal cutaneous anatomic areas under considerable wound tension. Its decreased requirement for postoperative wound care makes it an excellent alternative for patients living long distances from physician referral centers.
Acral Lentiginous Melanoma
Authors: CASCINELLI NATALE , ZURRIDA STEFANO , GALIMBERTI VIVIANA , BARTOLI CESARE , BUFALINO ROSARIA , DEL PRATO IVAN , MASCHERONI LUIGI , TESTORI ALESSANDRO , CLEMENTE CLAUDIO 
Published: June 2013

background. Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) is reported to have a poorer prognosis than melanomas of other histotypes.objective. The purpose of this paper is to verify if ALMs, per se, have a more aggressive behavior or if the poorer prognosis of these patients is due to a later diagnosis.methods. Clinical Charts of 165 patients with acrally located melanoma were reviewed as well as all histological slides. In all patients, histotype, Clark's level, Breslow thickness, pigmentation, presence of ulceration, and regression were reported. Mitotic index, vascular invasion, and microscopic satellitosis were also determined. Survival of the 64 patients with ALM was compared with survival observed in the remaining 101 acral (nonlentiginous) melanomas.results. Melanoma localized at acral sites constitute 8.9% of the 1845 patients with melanoma treated at our Institute from 1975 to 1990. All were Caucasian, 57 were males, and 108 females. Out of the 165 patients with this localization, 64 (38.8%) were classified as ALM. Disease‐free and overall survival of the 64 ALM patients were not different at a statistically significant level compared with the areas observed in the other acral nonlentiginous melanoma.conclusion. The survival difference between ALM and other histological types is due to a later diagnosis and not to a more aggressive behavior of ALM.
Treatment of Pyoderma Gangrenosutn with Cultured Keratinocyte Autografts
Authors: LÍMOVÁ MARKÉTA , MAURO THEODORA 
Published: June 2013

background. Pyoderma gangrenosum is an uncommon chronic skin disease characterized by rapidly enlarging cutaneous ulcers. Immunosuppressive agents, such as corticosteroids, are the mainstay of therapy.objective. We describe a patient with pyoderma gangrenosum treated with cultured keratinocyte autografts for a full‐thickness ulcer located on the dorsal and lateral aspects of the foot.methods. After stabilizing the ulcer with intralesional and systemic corticosteroids, the ulcer was debrided and cultured keratinocyte autografts were secured with nylon mesh. An outer dressing of gauze and elastic bandage was used.results. The patient had > 95%“take” of the grafts and the ulcer was fully healed in less than 1 month. The grafted area preserved the clinical phenotype of the palmar skin from which the original biopsy was taken.conclusion. Cultured keratinocyte autografts can provide permanent wound coverage for patients on high doses of immunosuppressive medications.
Heterogeneity of the Accident Externality from Driving
Authors: Huang Rachel J. , Tzeng Larry Y. , Wang Kili C. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis article examines the accident externality from driving in terms of loss probability and severity by using a unique individual‐level data set with more than 3 million observations from Taiwan. Two types of accident externality are, respectively, measured: the average number of kilometers driven per month per vehicle and the total number of speeding tickets per month. For both variables, we find significant evidence to support the existence of the accident externality. Moreover, we find that the accident externality is heterogeneous in terms of the vehicles’ characteristics.
In Tennis, do Smashes Win Matches?
Authors: Budrus Sarah , Plas Susan Vander , Cook Dianne 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
It is summer, and Wimbledon and the French and US Opens are with us. In tennis, does the man with the fastest serve win? And can you make too few unforced errors for success? Sarah Budrus, Susan Vander Plas and Dianne Cook analyse what gets the star players to match point.
Monetary Integration In Eastern And Southern Africa: Choosing A Currency Peg For Comesa
Authors: Vieira Carlos , Vieira Isabel 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAfrican countries involved in monetary integration projects have been advised to peg their currencies against an external anchor before the definite fixing of exchange rates. In this study, we estimate optimum currency area indices to determine, between four alternatives, which international currency would be the most suitable anchor for Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) members and for a set of other selected African economies. We conclude that the euro and the British pound prevail over the US dollar or the yen; that the euro would be the best pegging for most, but not all, COMESA members; and that some of these economies display evidence of more intense integration with third countries, with which they share membership in other (overlapping) regional economic communities, than within COMESA.
An Alternative Business Cycle Dating Procedure for South Africa
Authors: Bosch Adél , Ruch Franz 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis paper applies a factor‐augmented Markov‐switching model to the South African economy to provide an alternative classification of the business cycle and its turning points. In the principal components step, 123 variables are used to establish the aggregate cyclicality in all sectors of the economy with the number of factors chosen using a modified Bai and Ng method. By exploiting the rich nature of the dataset, we provide a model with well‐defined statistical properties that compares favourably with the South African Reserve Bank (SARB) dating points. Combining the results of the parametric approach followed in the Markov‐switching model and the non‐parametric approach followed by the SARB should allow for a robust turning point analysis. A Markov‐switching model of real gross domestic product is also estimated because this variable is commonly used in the literature and provides a benchmark for the factor models.