bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High prevalence of adult and nonadult scurvy in an early agricultural transition site from Mainland Southeast Asia was associated with decreased survivorship
Authors: Vlok Melandri , Oxenham Marc , Domett Kate , Trinh Hiep Hoang , Minh Tran Thi , Nguyen Mai Huong , Matsumura Hirofumi , Buckley Hallie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe osteological paradox recognizes that the presence of lesions is not always directly related with increased mortality. When combined with the clinical, historical, and epidemiological literature on scurvy, survivorship analysis, a form of statistical analysis to assess the relationship between the presence of diseases in the archeological record and survival, helps determine the overall burden of the disease both in terms of morbidity and mortality. This article explores the relationship between scurvy and survivorship in 26 adults from Man Bac, a Neolithic site from northern Vietnam together with prepublished evidence of scurvy in the nonadult population (n = 44).MethodsDiagnosis of scurvy included differential diagnosis combined with the Snoddy, A. M. E., Buckley, H. R., Elliott, G. E., Standen, V. G., Arriaza, B. T., & Halcrow, S. E. (2018). Macroscopic features of scurvy in human skeletal remains: A literature synthesis and diagnostic guide. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 167(4), 876–895. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23699 threshold criteria and the Brickley, M. B., & Morgan, B. (2023). Assessing diagnostic certainty for scurvy and rickets in human skeletal remains. American Journal of Biological Anthropology, 181, 637–645 diagnostic certainty approaches. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were produced to assess the relationship between the presence of probable scurvy and age‐at‐death.ResultsThe prevalence of probable scurvy in adults (35%) was considerably lower than reported for the nonadults (80%). Almost all lesions observed in the adults were in a mixed stage of healing. Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated no difference in survivorship between infants and children (<15 years) with or without probable scurvy, whereas a meaningful difference was observed for the adults and adolescents (15+ years).ConclusionsThe findings demonstrate that scurvy considerably decreased survivorship to older age categories. The degree of lesion remodeling, however, indicates that scurvy was not necessarily the direct cause of death but contributed to an overall disease burden that was ultimately fatal.
Preparation of low‐temperature curing single‐component epoxy adhesives with sedimentation coated accelerators
Authors: Zhao Yanxin , Pan Zhijian , Han Xu , Chen Xueke , Wang Zeqian , Liu Feng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSingle‐component epoxy adhesives are widely used in various fields due to their simple operation process and excellent bonding properties. However, the excessively high curing temperature of the traditional single‐component epoxy adhesives may easily damage the electronic devices, limiting their further application. Hence, it is of great significance to develop the low‐temperature‐curing single‐component epoxy adhesives. However, the room temperature storage stability of low‐temperature curing system is generally poor. This work selected epoxy resin (EPON‐828), pentaerythritol tetra (3‐mercaptopropionate) (PETMP), 1‐benzylimidazole (1‐BMZ), and stabilizer (salicylic acid) as materials to prepare low‐temperature curing single‐component epoxy adhesives. In order to improve the storage stability of the system, polycarbonate (PCM‐A‐37) with low molecular weight was employed to coat the accelerator 1‐BMZ by physical sedimentation. The results showed that the room temperature storage period of the system reached 140 h, which was 2.18 times longer than before coating, and the curing temperature of 75°C was determined through DSC curves fitting. The epoxy adhesives have been completely cured at 75°C for 5 h, and shear strength reached 10.20 ± 0.51 MPa, which was not significantly different from that of the system with uncoated accelerators. We believe our paradigm can provide a feasible approach for preparing low‐temperature curing single‐component epoxy adhesives, and has reference significance for the preparation of single‐component adhesives in other systems, too.
Archaeology through tok stori: negotiating the meanings, values and challenges of archaeological research in Solomon Islands
Authors: Radclyffe Charles J. T. , Ale'eke‐Bemama Grinta 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTTok stori, a Melanesian pidgin term meaning “conversate or share stories”, has emerged over the last decade as a Melanesian research methodology in the fields of education, pedagogy and leadership. This paper contributes to this scholarship by exploring the value of its application to the conceptualisation and practice of archaeological research in Solomon Islands. From our perspectives as Solomon Islander archaeologists, we reflect on our experiences engaging in tok stori with two communities from Santa Isabel and Lauru (Choiseul) while undertaking field work. We use these examples to demonstrate the highly dynamic nature of tok stori in research, serving as a mechanism to build trust and reciprocal relationships centred upon shared social values, but also to facilitate more transactional partnerships fixated on negotiating financial “benefits”. Drawing from our experiences, we also discuss key challenges facing archaeological practice in Solomon Islands. These are a lack of awareness of the purpose and values of archaeological research, and a legacy of monetary enticement we refer to as a “handout mentality” generated by extractive industries. Tok stori, we contend, can aid in navigating these challenges and serves as a valuable research tool for archaeologists due to its adaptability and the cultural bearing it holds for Melanesian peoples.
Towards replacing precipitation ensemble predictions systems using machine learning
Authors: Brecht Rüdiger , Bihlo Alex 
Published: August 2024

AbstractForecasting precipitation accurately poses significant challenges due to various factors affecting its distribution and intensity, including but not limited to subgrid variability. Although higher resolution simulations are often considered to improve precipitation forecasts, it is crucial to note that simply increasing resolution may not suffice without appropriate adjustments to parameterization schemes or tuning. Traditionally, ensembles of simulations are used to generate uncertainty predictions associated with precipitation forecasts, but this approach can be computationally intensive. As an alternative, there is a growing trend towards leveraging neural networks for precipitation prediction, which offers potential computational advantages. We propose a new approach to generating ensemble weather predictions for high‐resolution precipitation without requiring high‐resolution training data. The method uses generative adversarial networks to learn the complex patterns of precipitation and produce diverse and realistic precipitation fields, allowing to generate realistic precipitation ensemble members using only the available control forecast. We demonstrate the feasibility of generating realistic precipitation ensemble members on unseen higher resolutions. We use evaluation metrics such as RMSE, CRPS, rank histogram and ROC curves to demonstrate that our generated ensemble is almost identical to the ECMWF IFS ensemble, on which our model was trained on.
Characterizing social communication among minimally verbal children with autism: An application of item response theory
Authors: Schlink Andrew , Kasari Connie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMinimally verbal children constitute a portion of the autism spectrum. The paucity of proper measurement tools that sensitively and accurately assess behaviors has been one limiting factor in the improved knowledge of these children. Short of creating and validating a new measurement tool for this subpopulation, this study took an alternative and more immediate approach: conduct a secondary data analysis and examine an existing social communication measure, the Early Social Communication Scales (ESCS), with item response theory. The final sample consisted of 453 minimally verbal children culled from four different completed studies. The IRT models analyzed the frequency of social communication gestures from the ESCS and returned an objective difficulty hierarchy regarding initiations of joint attention and behavior regulation gestures. The best‐fitting and final model was a zero‐inflated negative binomial model (ZINBM), which determined that joint attention gestures were, on average, more difficult than behavior regulation gestures. Joint attentional shows and gives were essentially absent in the children's repertoire, and behavior regulation reaches were the easiest gestures for this sample. The ZINBM separately modeled children with some gestures and children who did not present with any gestures and determined that behavior regulation reaches and gives were likely the first gestures a child will eventually exhibit among children with no gestures. Methodological contributions and potential future applications of IRT are discussed.
Wasserdampf‐Diffusionswiderstand von Massivholz‐ und Furnierschicht‐Holzplatten
Authors: Wick Adrian , Volkmer Thomas 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDer Werkstoffverbund aus den Materialien Holz und Klebstoff wird durch den Fügeprozess des Klebens über eine Vielzahl von Faktoren beeinflusst, weshalb der Wasserdampf‐Diffusionswiderstand (WDDW) von Holz‐Werkstoffplatten einer gewissen Streuung unterworfen ist. In dieser Arbeit wurden selbst produzierte Zweischichtplatten (2SP) mit einer Variation der Klebstoffmenge von 120–180 g/m2 und industriell produzierte Dreischichtplatten (3SP), Brett‐Sperrholzplatten (BSP) sowie Furnierschichtholz (FSP) auf deren WDDW im trocknen (rel. LF 0–50 %, 23 °C) und feuchten (rel. LF 50–100 %, 23 °C) Prüfklima getestet. Die Untersuchungen zeigen, dass die Ergebnisse stark vom entsprechenden Klebstoffsystem (1 K‐PUR, MUF und PRF), der Klebstoffmenge und der Plattenstärke abhängen. Zusätzliche mikroskopische Auswertungen der Klebfugen‐Ausbildung deuten auf eine Korrelation zwischen dem WDDW und der Dicke des reinen Klebstofffilms hin. Ein Vergleich der Messwerte mit den Angaben in den Datenblättern offenbart eine beträchtliche Differenz. Daraus lässt sich schließen, dass zukünftig die normative Regelung zur Ermittlung des WDDW für die Produktdeklaration nicht über Listenwerte, sondern für jedes Produkt gemäß Prüfnorm EN ISO 12572:2016 [1] eigenständig ermittelt werden sollte.
Die Dämmwirkung von Kastenfenstern
Authors: Kain Günther , Idam Friedrich , Hunger Peter , Bonfert Sabine 
Published: August 2024

AbstractKastenfenster sind wesentliche Bestandteile unseres baukulturellen Erbes und haben sich aufgrund ihrer über einen langen Lebenszyklus guten schall‐ und wärmedämmenden Eigenschaften über Jahrhunderte bewährt. Im Zuge der allgemeinen Bestrebungen, die thermische Performance der Gebäudehülle von Bestandsbauten zu verbessern, werden laufend historische Fenster durch moderne, im Regelfall industriell gefertigte Konstruktionen ersetzt. Als Hauptargument für diesen sogenannten Fenstertausch wird vor allem der hohe Wärmedurchgang bei Kastenfenstern ins Treffen geführt. Dabei werden aber für diese historischen Fenster nicht Messergebnisse am realen Bestand, sondern normativ festgelegte Default‐Werte herangezogen und in einer Momentaufnahme mit dem Wärmedurchgang fabrikneuer Isolierglassysteme verglichen. Diese Default‐Werte betragen allerdings das Drei‐ bis Vierfache der Laborwerte der industriell gefertigten Thermofenster. Darüber hinaus wird der Energieverbrauch unterschiedlicher Fensterkonstruktionen nicht über deren gesamten Lebenszyklus unter Einbeziehung des Aufwandes an „grauer Energie“ bewertet und auch ökologische Aspekte wie Nachhaltigkeit und Reparaturfähigkeit werden in diesen Berechnungen äußerst selten berücksichtigt.
Hygrothermische Kennwerte von Holzwerkstoffen
Authors: Rüther Norbert , Sieder Mike 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWährend hinsichtlich des Tragverhaltens von Holzkonstruktionen umfangreiche Versuchsreihen zur Ermittlung von Materialkennwerten durchgeführt werden, die eine statistische Auswertung ermöglichen, werden bauphysikalische Eigenschaften anhand weniger Proben ermittelt, die die üblichen Materialstreuungen unzureichend abdecken können. Insgesamt hat sich über die Jahrzehnte eine unbefriedigende Situation sowohl für die Hersteller von Bauprodukten, aber auch für die PlanerInnen und AnwenderInnen eingestellt. Im Rahmen mehrerer Vorhaben wurden umfangreiche experimentelle und rechnerische Untersuchungen an Materialien, Materialkombinationen und Bauteilen durchgeführt, die insgesamt zu einem größeren Verständnis bauphysikalischer und mechanischer Eigenschaften führen sollen. Die Erkenntnisse können dazu beitragen, mit einer größeren Genauigkeit prognostizieren zu können, wobei die größere Genauigkeit auf der Möglichkeit beruht, mit Wahrscheinlichkeiten rechnen zu können, die die Streuungen der Werte der Materialeigenschaften beinhalten. Mit den Ergebnissen der Arbeiten lassen sich viele bauphysikalische Eigenschaften von Werkstoffen aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen ohne zusätzliche experimentelle Untersuchungen/ Prüfung mit baupraktisch ausreichender Genauigkeit vorhersagen.
Innentemperaturtrends und die unbeabsichtigten Wechselwirkungen
Authors: Hellwig Runa T. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn den letzten Jahren ist es auffallend, dass die Innentemperaturen in Wohngebäuden drei Trends folgen: abnehmende räumliche Variation, abnehmende zeitliche Variation und gleichzeitig steigende mittlere Innentemperaturen. Architektonische Gestaltung und die in Neubauten und bei der Gebäudesanierung angewandten Bautechnologien haben sich seit den 70er Jahren stark verändert. Darüber hinaus hat sich das, was als angemessenes Innentemperaturniveau angesehen wird, im Laufe der Zeit verändert. Dies spiegelt sich sowohl in Zitaten aus der Fachliteratur als auch in den Anforderungen der Normen wider. Forschungsarbeiten legen nahe, dass solche veränderten Innentemperaturmuster mit unbeabsichtigten Wechselwirkungen in folgenden Hauptbereichen assoziiert sind: menschliche Gesundheit und Resilienz, menschliche Raumklimawahrnehmung, Umweltauswirkungen von Gebäuden sowie Resilienz von Gebäuden in einem sich verändernden Klima. Mögliche Erklärungsansätze liegen in der Betrachtung des Zusammenspiels von techno‐kulturellen Faktoren, techno‐bauphysikalischen Faktoren, verhaltensbezogenen Faktoren der Bewohner, physiologischen Anpassungsfaktoren und psychologischen Faktoren und nicht in der Betrachtung eines einzelnen dieser Faktoren. Dies führt zu der Frage, ob die etablierten Denkweisen in der Gebäudeplanung und des ‐betriebs in der Zukunft unverändert gelten sollen. Der Aufsatz schließt mit Vorschlägen für eine Anpassung dieser Denkansätze, die eine solche Diskussion unterstützen sollen.
Higher prevalence of dupilumab‐induced ocular adverse events in atopic dermatitis compared to asthma: A daily practice analysis
Authors: Schlösser Anne R. , Bult Lotte , Thelen John C. , Thiadens Alberta A. H. J. , Schappin Renske , Nijsten Tamar E. C. , Veen Johannes C. C. M. in 't , Braunstahl Gerrit J. , Hijnen DirkJan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundDupilumab has been shown to be an effective treatment in moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis (AD) and severe asthma (SA). However, comparative real‐world analyses of adverse events (AE), particularly dupilumab‐associated ocular surface disease (DAOSD), are lacking.ObjectiveThis is the first real‐world study to provide insight into the prevalence of AEs associated with dupilumab in AD compared with SA. Secondary objectives were to assess the prevalence, onset and therapeutic strategies of DAOSD and evaluate dupilumab discontinuation rates.MethodsData from two daily practice registries including AD and SA patients receiving dupilumab treatment were analyzed. Adverse events, including DAOSD, were evaluated.ResultsIn total, 322 AD and 148 SA patients were included. Headaches (23.6%), injection site reactions (10.1%), and influenza‐like symptoms (13.5%) were more prevalent in SA patients. Interestingly, ocular AEs were significantly more prevalent in AD patients (62.1%, p < 0.001), including conjunctivitis (17.1%, p = 0.004). 88% AD and 47% SA patients with ocular AEs received one or more ophthalmic treatment(s). Additionally, 20% of AD and 17.6% of SA patients discontinued dupilumab treatment due to ocular AEs, while only 65% of these AD and none of these SA patients were referred to an ophthalmologist.ConclusionThe higher incidence of DAOSD in AD patients compared with SA patients in this real‐world study highlights the importance of physician awareness, especially when prescribing dupilumab to AD patients. Conversely, the findings of this study help alleviate potential concerns about ocular AEs in patients with SA who do not have comorbid AD. Furthermore, the effective management of most ocular AEs with ophthalmic treatments suggests favorable tolerability of dupilumab in daily practice, and multidisciplinary collaboration is essential to proactively manage ocular AEs before discontinuing dupilumab.
The power of crowds: The effect of online platform interactions on greenwashing
Authors: Zheng Hui , Zhang Jing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGreenwashing is a fraudulent environmental, social and governance (ESG) behavior. Previous literature has explored the impact of unidirectional disclosure on greenwashing. However, how interactive disclosures affect greenwashing has not been fully explored. Given the background of the regulatory transformation of China's capital market, we use data from the Q&A boards of the Shenzhen Stock Exchange (SZSE) “Interactive Easy” and Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) “SSE e‐Interactive” online platforms to investigate the impact of interactive disclosure between firms and retail investors on greenwashing. We find that online platform interactions (OPIs) inhibit greenwashing. Moreover, such negative effects are more pronounced for firms with high‐quality internal controls, high executive shareholding, high analyst coverage, low financing constraints, and executives with overseas backgrounds. Overall, our research provides empirical evidence that OPIs improve capital market efficiency by inhibiting greenwashing.
Revisiting the relationship between ESG, institutional ownership, and corporate innovation: An efficiency perspective
Authors: Li Qiang , Li Minglai , Zhang Lin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates how environmental, social, and governance (ESG) efficiency impacts corporate innovation, highlighting its role as a crucial indicator of resource utilization within firms. Analyzing data from A‐share listed companies in China between 2009 and 2021, we find that ESG efficiency levels are positively correlated with corporate innovation outputs. This indicates that higher ESG efficiency contributes to greater innovation. Our result also reveals that the relationship between ESG efficiency and corporate innovation is moderated by the firm's ownership structure. Specifically, the negative moderating effects of ownership are more pronounced in regions with lower economic development or stringent environmental regulations. Technology‐based firms are particularly affected, exhibiting greater vulnerability to these negative effects. These findings confirm that ESG efficiency is a significant mechanism linking ESG practices to enhanced innovation capabilities. By exploring both the efficiency aspects of ESG performance and the institutional factors influencing ESG‐innovation dynamics, our study makes a notable contribution to the literature, offering new insights into how effective ESG practices can strategically drive innovation within firms.
An NMR study on the keto‐enol tautomerism of 1,3‐dicarbonyl drug precursors
Authors: Liu Xue‐yan , Jia Wei , Liu Cui‐mei , Hua Zhen‐dong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe effective implementation of drug precursor legislation has driven the innovation and design of new alternative substances. The application of 1,3‐dicarbonyl precursors as alternative precursors for the synthesis of 1‐phenyl‐2‐propanone (P2P) and 3,4‐methylenedioxyphenyl‐2‐propanone (MDP2P) has created new challenges to legal control. Their 1,3‐dicarbonyl structure allows the precursors to exist as an equilibrium mixture of the tautomeric diketo and keto‐enolic forms during the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. In this study, the keto‐enol tautomerism of four 1,3‐dicarbonyl drug pre‐precursors, α‐phenylacetoacetamide (APAA), methyl α‐phenylacetoacetate (MAPA), ethyl α‐phenylacetoacetate (EAPA), and methyl 2‐(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol‐5‐yl)‐3‐oxobutanoate (MAMDPA) were investigated through NMR. One‐dimensional (1D) and 2D NMR were combined to assign signals for the diketo and keto‐enolic tautomers. Results showed that the keto‐enol tautomerism was solvent‐dependent but was also influenced by the substituent present in the molecule. Further, the analysis results indicated that majority of substances existed mainly in the diketo form. The enol‐keto equilibrium constant (Keq) was stable in dimethyl sulfoxide‐d6 and chloroform‐d, while unstable for some compounds in acetone‐d6 and deuterated methanol. The presence of impurities in the seized sample may disrupt the equilibrium between keto‐enol tautomers in 1,3‐dicarbonyl precursors. After the optimization of several key quantitative parameters, a quantitative NMR method for the quantification of 1,3‐dicarbonyl drug precursors were also developed to facilitate their quantitative analysis. This is the first study to investigate the keto‐enol tautomerism and quantification of 1,3‐dicarbonyl drug precursors by NMR, providing a new approach for structure analysis and quantification of new precursor analogues.
Eucommia ulmoidesOliv. leaves flavonoids attenuate methylglyoxal‐induced endothelial cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo by upregulating AKT‐Nrf2 signaling and downregulating oxidative stress
Authors: Deng Xin , Wu Qianfeng , Liu Youping 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMethylglyoxal (MGO) triggers oxidative stress responses in vascular endothelial cells, leading to apoptosis linked to diabetic vascular complications. Total flavonoids of Eucommia ulmoides leaves (TFEL) display antioxidant activity, yet its prevention of MGO‐induced apoptosis and mechanisms are unclear. Our study used western blotting and ELISA to evaluate protein levels and enzyme activities. Cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated using CCK8 assay and PE Annexin V/7‐AAD double staining. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were measured using fluorescence probes. Vascular pathological changes and apoptosis were analyzed through H&E and TUNEL staining. In vitro, MGO‐stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with varying TFEL concentrations. Our results demonstrated that TFEL significantly enhanced cell viability, reduced apoptosis, downregulated caspase‐3 activity, and Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio. Moreover, TFEL markedly suppressed MGO‐induced ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA) production while restoring antioxidant enzyme activity and MMP. TFEL pretreatment promoted the expression of p‐Akt, Nrf2, and HO‐1 proteins. Pharmacological inhibition of p‐Akt significantly suppressed the upregulation of Nrf2 and HO‐1 protein levels mediated by TFEL. Consistently, pharmacological inhibition of Nrf2 or p‐Akt partially abrogated the protective effects of TFEL against MGO‐induced damage in HUVECs. In vivo studies revealed that TFEL (100 and 200 mg/kg) partially restored antioxidant capacity and reduced aortic thickness and apoptosis in MGO‐injured mice. In conclusion, the findings indicate that TFEL mitigates MGO‐induced apoptosis via activation of p‐Akt/Nrf2/HO‐1 and scavenging of oxidative stress, highlighting its potential in diabetic vascular complication management.