bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis and pneumonia in a HIV positive patient: A case report
Authors: Mehdinezhad Hamed , Ghadir Sara , Maleh Parviz Amri , Akhondzadeh Ailin , Baziboroun Mana 
Published: July 2024

Key Clinical MessagesEarly diagnosis of cryptococcal infection is the key to improving outcomes, any newly diagnosed HIV patient presenting with subacute or chronic headache, particularly those who are CD4‐deplete, should be investigated for cryptococcal meningitis. We had some delay in our patient management, including delay in HIV diagnosis, delay in doing LP and delay in initiation of anti‐cryptococcal treatment and also early start of ART before specific cryptococcal treatment exacerbated IRIS in the patient. So, paying attention to these points can improve the prognosis of such patients.AbstractCryptocccus is a fungal pathogen and the causative agent of Cryptococcosis among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive people. Meningoencephalitis is the most common manifestation of cryptococcal infection, while pulmonary cryptococcosis is often neglected due to nonspecific clinical and radiological presentation leading to a delay in diagnosis and disseminated disease. Here, we reported a 67‐year‐old man with newly diagnosed HIV who presented with concurrent cryptococcal meningoencephalitis and pulmonary cryptococcosis that admitted with the complaint of dyspnea and productive cough for 1.5 months, worsening shortness of breath, fever and weight loss since 15 days prior to admission. He also had severe oral candidiasis. Lung computed tomography (CT) revealed ill‐defined subpleural cavitary lesion in left lower zone with bilateral diffuse ground glass opacity and air bronchogram. His HIV PCR test was positive with absolute CD4 count less than 50 cells/mm3. After starting antiretroviral therapy (ART), he gradually developed a headache and decreased level of consciousness. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed 450 cells, predominantly lymphocytes, with protein of 343 mg/dL and glucose of 98 mg/dL (corresponding blood glucose 284 mg/dL). CSF India ink staining was positive for crypococcus spp. Liposomal amphotericin B in combination with fluconazole (due to the unavailability of flucytosin) was stated. He was intubated because of hypoxia and his bronchoalveolar lavage was positive for Cryptococcus spp. too. He died 2 weeks after starting antifungal therapy based on this study it should be mentioned that neurologic and respiratory symptoms may be the first presentation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Hypersensitivity reaction to rivaroxaban with a successful switch to apixaban: A case report
Authors: Mohammadi Keyhan , Ansari Ramin , Yaribash Shakila 
Published: July 2024

Key Clinical MessageThe precise management of hypersensitivity reactions to direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and the potential for cross‐reactivity among different DOACs remain unclear. In such cases, switching between DOACs may be feasible and could be considered, but close monitoring for adverse effects is essential, tailored to individual patient responses and tolerability.AbstractHypersensitivity reactions to DOACs, though considered rare, have been documented. This report describes the case of a 28‐year‐old male with a history of testicular cancer who was recently diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis. He was referred to an outpatient pharmacotherapy clinic due to suspected rivaroxaban‐induced cutaneous reactions. Following a thorough evaluation, his anticoagulant therapy was switched from rivaroxaban to apixaban. This change was successfully implemented, and no hypersensitivity symptoms recurred during subsequent follow‐up. This case demonstrates the importance of recognizing potential adverse reactions to DOACs and illustrates the feasibility of switching anticoagulants under close medical supervision to ensure patient safety and effective treatment.
Photoinduced Intermolecular Hydroamination and Hydroetherification of Electron‐Rich Alkenes With Low Catalyst Loadings
Authors: Jiang You‐Qin , Qu Pei , Wang Yong‐Hao , Liu Gong‐Qing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA photochemical method based on visible‐light irradiation (blue LEDs/sunlight) has been developed for the intermolecular hydroamination and hydroetherification of electron‐rich alkenes. This photochemical method is compatible with a wide range of azoles and electron‐rich alkenes, such as vinyl ethers, vinyl sulfides and enamides, and is performed with low concentrations of photocatalyst (1000 ppm). Comprehensive mechanistic studies indicate that this process is initiated by the formation of an active radical cation intermediate through single electron oxidation of azole, which is mediated by excited Acr‐Mes+ BF4−.
The crosstalk between N6‐methyladenosine readers and neuroblastoma
Authors: Chen Liping , He Jing , Zhuo Zhenjian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundNeuroblastoma (NB) is a heterogeneous pediatric solid tumour strongly influenced by epigenetic modifications.MethodsThis review explores the role of N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modifications and their readers in NB progression.ResultsDysregulation of m6A readers, including YTHDF1/2, YTHDC1, IGF2BP1/2/3, HNRNPA2B1 and HNRNPC, has been associated with susceptibility and progression.ConclusionUnderstanding the crosstalk between m6A readers and NB could offer new insights into diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment strategies.
Comparison of remimazolam and midazolam for sedation during colonoscopy in Japanese patients: A propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Ogura Kanako , Ichijima Ryoji , Ikehara Hisatomo , Sugita Tomomi , Yamaguchi Daisuke , Nagata Yasuhiko , Esaki Mitsuru , Minoda Yosuke , Ono Hiroyuki , Hotta Kinichi , Kiriyama Shinsuke , Sumiyoshi Tetsuya , Kanmura Yuichi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the efficacy and safety of sedation with midazolam and remimazolam for colorectal endoscopy.MethodsThis single‐center, two‐arm, post‐hoc analysis of the REM‐IICTJP01 study investigated the efficacy and safety of remimazolam for gastrointestinal endoscopic sedation. We enrolled 40 and 208 patients who underwent colonoscopy under remimazolam and midazolam sedation, respectively, during the same period. The primary outcome was the time from the end of the colonoscopy until discharge. The secondary outcomes included the time from the end of the colonoscopy until awakening, dosage, and adverse events. Propensity score matching was employed to eliminate the effect of confounding factors.ResultsThirty‐seven patients in each group were matched. After propensity matching, the time to awakening after colonoscopy was 28.0 (13.0–37.0) min in the midazolam group and 0 (0–0) min in the remimazolam group; moreover, the time till discharge was 40.0 (35.0–46.5) min in the midazolam group and 0 (0–5.0) min in the remimazolam group, both of which were significantly shorter in the remimazolam group (p < 0.01). The number of additional doses was 0 (0–0) and 2 (1–3) in the midazolam and remimazolam groups, respectively. The total dose was 2.0 (2.0–3.5) and 6.0 (5.0–7.0) mg in the midazolam and remimazolam groups, respectively.ConclusionsRemimazolam yielded significantly faster times to awakening and discharge safely compared to midazolam.
Estimation of maximum body size in fossil species: A case study using Tyrannosaurus rex
Authors: Mallon Jordan C. , Hone David W. E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAmong extant species, the ability to sample the extremes of body size—one of the most useful predictors of an individual's ecology—is highly unlikely. This improbability is further exaggerated when sampling the already incomplete fossil record. We quantify the likelihood of sampling the uppermost limits of body size in the fossil record using Tyrannosaurus rex Osborn, 1905 as a model, selected for its comparatively well‐understood life history parameters. We computationally generate a population of 140 million T. rex (based on prior estimates), modelling variation about the growth curve both with and without sexual dimorphism (the former modelled after Alligator mississippiensis), and building in sampling limitations related to species survivorship and taphonomic bias, derived from fossil data. The 99th percentile of body mass in T. rex has likely already been sampled, but it will probably be millennia before much larger giants (99.99th percentile) are sampled at present collecting rates. Biomechanical and ecological limitations notwithstanding, we estimate that the absolute largest T. rex may have been 70% more massive than the currently largest known specimen (~15,000 vs. ~8800 kg). Body size comparisons of fossil species should be based on ontogenetically controlled statistical parameters, rather than simply comparing the largest known individuals whose recovery is highly subject to sampling intensity.
Long‐term climate warming and extreme cold events driving ecological shifts in a deep oligo‐mesotrophic lake
Authors: Zhu Kexin , Wang Rong , Qiu Hengshuai , Zhao Yu , Xing Peng , Zheng Jianan , Zhao Yanjie , Zheng Wenxiu , Yang Xiangdong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDeep lakes are critical for freshwater storage, yet they are struggling against major ecological issues from climate change and nutrient pollution. A comprehensive understanding of internal feedback mechanisms is crucial for regulating nutrients in these lakes. A five‐year study was conducted on the diatom community and environment in Lake Fuxian, China's largest deep freshwater lake, which is becoming eutrophic. The results indicate a shift in the diatom community from a stable state dominated by a single species to a rapid seasonal fluctuation, and there is a significant increase in diatom biomass. Specifically, stable stratification and low nutrient concentrations are limiting the growth of diatom biomass and maintaining the dominance of Cyclotella. Nutrients in the hypolimnion were replenished in the epilimnion during the extreme cold of winter, triggering a shift in the diatom community. This shift may imply that future climate change will exacerbate the positive feedback of hypoxia‐nutrient release of algal blooms, potentially triggering a regime shift in the ecosystem of the entire lake. This study underscores the fact that climate change alters the internal feedback mechanisms of deep lakes, reducing ecosystem stability, and provides a scientific basis for further clarification of protection measures for deep lakes.
Nature of Metal–Metal Bond in Group‐V Dinuclear Metallaborane Compounds: Open‐Shell–Open‐Shell Vs Closed‐Shell–Closed‐Shell Interaction
Authors: Karnamkkott Harsha S. , Mondal Kartik Chandra 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe investigation of metal–metal bonding is interesting due to the captivating structural features, unique chemical reactivity and physical properties of this class of complexes. The synthesis of the complexes having metal–metal bonds started to explor after the isolation of the dianionic Re2Cl82−, possessing quadruple bonds between two Re atoms. After that, several complexes containing multiple metal‐metal bonds were synthesized, isolated and characterised. The bonding situation in the metallaboranes [(Cp*)2M2(B2H6)2] of group‐V elements (M) in the +3 oxidation state [M = V (1), Ta (2)] was investigated by the DFT, NBO, QTAIM calculations and further with Energy Decomposition Analyses coupled with Natural Orbital for Chemical Valence (EDA–NOCV). Even though the metallaboranes are isostructural, the nature of metal–metal bonding interaction was found to be different, revealing the presence of open‐shell–open‐shell interaction in divanadium compound while its Ta‐analogue possesses closed‐shell–closed‐shell interaction between two tantalum atoms. However, EDA–NOCV analyses suggest that TaIII−TaIII bonding interactions are stronger than those of the divanadaborane analogue, having an intrinsic interaction energy of −247.6 kcal/mol (2), and the interaction energy leading to the formation of a V−V bond between two molecular fragments, is −192.5 kcal/mol (1). The bonding analyses indicate that the strength of the metal–metal bond becomes stronger as the metal becomes heavier which is due to the higher contribution from electrostatic stabilization energy. The pairwise orbital analysis of the metal–metal bond denotes significant dative interaction between two tantalum centres, contributing 52.6 % (2) to the total orbital interaction energy. The electron‐sharing interaction energy has been computed to be 44.3 % for the divanadaborane analogue (1). Two Cp*− ligands do not play significant role in the stabilization/destabilization of the V−V bond while the Ta−Ta bond is slightly destabilized by Cp*− ligands. The electronic π‐clound mostly fills empty orbitals on the metals, M = V and Ta. Further analyses show that the B2H62− unit drags out some amount of electron densities from the central M−M bond of both complexes, which are visible in the deformation densities. The chemical bonding between two VIII ions of two triplet V‐complexes (3–4) was also investigated via EDA‐NOCV analysis. The analysis concluded the existance an one electron bond between two vanadium centres (VIII−VIII). Also, the other unpaired electron of triplet fragments in 3/4 prefers to reside on the non‐bonding orbital on one of the V‐containing molecular fragments.
Zr‐Doped β‐MnO2 for Low‐temperature Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO by NH3: Preparation, Characterization and Performance
Authors: Cheng Ting , Du Bo , Hu Yuting , Jiang Zhaozhong , Lu Jun , Zhu Chengzhu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNanowire‐MnO2 and a series of Zr‐doped MnO2 catalysts with different Zr/Mn molar ratios were successively prepared by hydrothermal and impregnation methods. The Zr‐doped MnO2 catalyst with Zr/Mn molar ratio of 0.04 and calcination temperature of 400 °C, proved to be the optimal that possessed the highest low‐temperature denitration efficiency. It showed the NO conversion of ~92 % and N2 selectivity of ~80 % at 150 °C. Characterization results demonstrated that the main active phase of the catalyst was β‐MnO2, Zr atoms interacted with Mn atoms, and Zr doping increased the structural defects, oxygen vacancies and weak acid sites, which effectively enhanced the low‐temperature denitration activity and N2 selectivity of β‐MnO2, also improved the water and sulphur resistance to some extent.
Compressed representation of brain genetic transcription
Authors: Ruffle James K. , Watkins Henry , Gray Robert J. , Hyare Harpreet , Thiebaut de Schotten Michel , Nachev Parashkev 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe architecture of the brain is too complex to be intuitively surveyable without the use of compressed representations that project its variation into a compact, navigable space. The task is especially challenging with high‐dimensional data, such as gene expression, where the joint complexity of anatomical and transcriptional patterns demands maximum compression. The established practice is to use standard principal component analysis (PCA), whose computational felicity is offset by limited expressivity, especially at great compression ratios. Employing whole‐brain, voxel‐wise Allen Brain Atlas transcription data, here we systematically compare compressed representations based on the most widely supported linear and non‐linear methods—PCA, kernel PCA, non‐negative matrix factorisation (NMF), t‐stochastic neighbour embedding (t‐SNE), uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP), and deep auto‐encoding—quantifying reconstruction fidelity, anatomical coherence, and predictive utility across signalling, microstructural, and metabolic targets, drawn from large‐scale open‐source MRI and PET data. We show that deep auto‐encoders yield superior representations across all metrics of performance and target domains, supporting their use as the reference standard for representing transcription patterns in the human brain.
Evaluating campaign concepts aimed at replacing sugar‐sweetened beverages with water
Authors: Kelly Rebecca , Calabro Ryan , Beatty Lisa , Schirmer Kristy , Coro Daniel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIssue AddressedThe study addresses the global health concern of sugar overconsumption, particularly focusing on the prevalence of sugar‐sweetened beverage consumption among young people.MethodsThe study tested three different health promotion campaign concepts, designed to reduce sugar‐sweetened beverage intake and promote water consumption as a healthier alternative. A total of 402 young adults (18–29) were recruited from a university campus and an online panel. Participants were randomly assigned to view one of three campaign images: one advocating for substituting sugar‐sweetened beverages with water, and two exclusively promoting water consumption. These images were assessed through an online survey, which included questions on emotional response, salience, attitudes and intentions towards various beverages.ResultsParticipants exposed to the campaign emphasising the benefits of water showed a greater intention to increase water consumption and reduce both sugar‐ and non‐sugar‐sweetened beverages compared with the other groups. There were no significant differences observed for the beverage choice task across the campaigns.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that messaging focusing on the benefits of water holds promise in encouraging healthier beverage consumption intentions among young adults. The lack of significant differences in the beverage choice task across the campaigns indicates a need for further research to explore long‐term behaviour change effects.So What?By highlighting the benefits of water consumption, campaigns may have the potential to positively influence beverage choices and promote healthier habits. Continued research in this area can provide valuable insights for developing more impactful interventions aimed at reducing sugar‐sweetened beverage consumption.
Empowering health care consumers & understanding patients' perspectives on AI integration in oncology and surgery: A perspective
Authors: Awuah Wireko Andrew , Aderinto Nicholas , Poornaselvan Jeisun , Tan Joecelyn Kirani , Shah Muhammad Hamza , Ashinze Patrick , Pujari Anushka G. , Bharadwaj Hareesha Rishab , Abdul‐Rahman Toufik , Atallah Oday 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionArtificial intelligence (AI) is transforming oncology and surgery by improving diagnostics, personalizing treatments, and enhancing surgical precision. Patients appreciate AI for its potential to provide accurate prognoses and tailored therapies. However, AI's implementation raises ethical concerns, data privacy issues, and the need for transparent communication between patients and health care providers. This study aims to understand patients' perspectives on AI integration in oncology and surgery to foster a balanced and patient‐centered approach.MethodsThe study utilized a comprehensive literature review and analysis of existing research on AI applications in oncology and surgery. The focus was on examining patient perceptions, ethical considerations, and the potential benefits and risks associated with AI integration. Data was collected from peer‐reviewed journals, conference proceedings, and expert opinions to provide a broad understanding of the topic. The perspectives of patients was also emphasized to highlight the nuances of their acceptance and concerns regarding AI in their health care.ResultsPatients generally perceive AI in oncology and surgery as beneficial, appreciating its potential for more accurate diagnoses, personalized treatment plans, and improved surgical outcomes. They particularly value AI's role in providing timely and precise diagnostics, which can lead to better prognoses and reduced anxiety. However, concerns about data privacy, ethical implications, and the reliability of AI systems were prevalent. Consequently, trust in AI and health care providers was deemed as a crucial factor for patient acceptance. Additionally, the need for transparent communication and ethical safeguards was also highlighted to address these concerns effectively.ConclusionThe integration of AI in oncology and surgeryholds significant promise for enhancing patient care and outcomes. Patients view AI as a valuable tool that can provide accurate prognoses and personalized treatments. However, addressing ethical concerns, ensuring data privacy, and building trust through transparent communication are essential for successful AI integration. Future initiatives should focus on refining AI algorithms, establishing robust ethical guidelines, and enhancing patient education to harmonize technological advancements with patient‐centered care principles.
Looking back to look forward: Has the time arrived for active management of obstetricians in placenta accreta spectrum?
Authors: Bartels Helena C. , Downey Paul , Brennan Donal J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPlacenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is a relatively new obstetric condition which, until recently, was poorly understood. The true incidence is unknown because of the poor quality and heterogeneous diagnostic criteria. Classification systems have attempted to provide clarity on how to grade and diagnose PAS, but these are no longer reflective of our current understanding of PAS. This is particularly true for placenta percreta, which referred to extrauterine disease, as recent studies have demonstrated that placental villi associated with PAS have minimal potential to invade beyond the uterine serosa. It is accepted that PAS is a direct consequence of previous iatrogenic uterine injury, most commonly a previous cesarean section. Here, we “look back to look forwards”—starting with the primary predisposing factor for PAS, an iatrogenic uterine injury and subsequent wound healing. We then consider the evolution of definitions and diagnostic criteria of PAS from its first description over a century ago to current classifications. Finally, we discuss why modifications to the current classifications are needed to allow accurate diagnosis of this rare but life‐threatening complication, while avoiding overdiagnosis and potential patient harm.
Understanding and controlling chemical clogging in drip irrigation: Integrating experimental methods, density functional theory calculations and molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Said Ben‐Aazza , Mohamed El Housse , Abdallah Hadfi , Brahim El Ibrahimi , Ilham Karmal , M'barek Belattar , Nassiri Mustapha , Darbal Sara , Adakhil Taibah , Riadi Yassine , Ali Driouiche 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe chemical clogging of water drips is the main obstacle to the adoption and spread of microirrigation technology. The aim of this research is to understand the scaling phenomenon by identifying the substances responsible for emitter clogging using a combination of different methods of characterization and to investigate the effectiveness of a new product ‘Melacide P/2’ as a calcium carbonate scale inhibitor. A non‐electrochemical method from the Laboratory of Chemistry and Genie of the Environment (LCGE) was employed to investigate the effect of the inhibitor against calcium carbonate precipitation at 25°C. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study the effect of Melacide P/2 on the scale morphology and crystalline phases. Density functional theory (DFT) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations were performed to support the experimental results. Characterization techniques revealed that the scale recovered from the drips consisted mainly of calcium carbonate, a variety of calcite. The experimental data indicate the likelihood of preventing calcium carbonate precipitation after the addition of a very small amount (0.30 mg L⁻¹) of Melacide P/2 under the conditions of the experiment. XRD and SEM revealed that the inhibitor tested has the potential to disrupt or block regular CaCO3 crystal growth and transform a more stable and adherent scale of calcite to aragonite, which is easy to eliminate. The theoretical approach adopted supports the experimental findings. Therefore, Melacide P/2 could be used as a cost‐effective green‐scale inhibitor to protect microirrigation systems from unwanted scale formation.