bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Speciation of Cd and Pb in organic soil treated with municipal sewage
Authors: Domańska Jolanta , Filipek Tadeusz , Kwiecień Monika 
Published: July 2014

Streszczenie
Badania przeprowadzono w oparciu o wyniki uzyskane z eksperymentu polowego. Celem badań było określenie wpływu oczyszczonych ścieków miejskich, zastosowanych w dawce pojedynczej, optymalnej dla danej rośliny (ustalona w oparciu o ładunek N i wody) i podwójnej dawce ścieków na zawartość i specjację Cd i Fb w glebie organicznej obojętnej. W pobranych z każdego obiektu, uśrednionych próbach glebowych, oznaczono zawartość ogółem Cd i Fb oraz specjację tych metali. Wyodrębniono 5 frakcji Cd i Pb zdefiniowanych operacyjnie: wymienną (FI), węglanową określaną jako „związaną specyficznie” (F2), związaną z tlenkami Fe-Mn (F3), organiczną(F4) i pozostałości (F5). Stwierdzono, że całkow ita zawartość ołowiu w badanej glebie odpowia- dała wartościom naturalnym, zaś ilość kadmu przekraczała dopuszczalne normy ustalone dla gleb organicznych. Wyniki chemiczne- go frakcjonow ania Cd i Fb w glebie wytworzonej z torfu niskiego, zarówno z obiektów' naw ożonych oczyszczonymi ściekami, jak i z obiektu kontrolnego przedstaw iają następujące uszeregow anie procentowy ch zawartości poszczególnych frakcji w kolejności ma- lejącej: F3>F2>F4>F1>F5 - kadm, F3>F4>F2>F5>F1 - ołów. Oczyszczone ścieki miejskie, będące źródłem łatwo rozpuszczalnych związków organicznych, mogą w'pływać nawiązanie Cd i Fb we frakcji organicznej, co potwierdza odnotowany w badaniach wzrost ilości metali w tej frakcji w glebie.
The state of ionic balance in selected plant species from natural habitats of the Piska Primeval Forest (NE Poland)
Authors: Brogowski Zygmunt , Czępińska-Kamińska Danuta 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The objective of this paper was an attempt to estimate the impact of variable habitat conditions on the ionic state and ionic balance of selected species of plants occurring in an environment with scarce anthropogenic pressure in the Piska Primeval Forest, north-eastern Poland. The analysed mono- and dicotyledonous plants showed very high amounts of total nitrogen, exceeding sum of alkaline cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+), particularly at poor natural habitats (Sphagno-girgensohni-Picetum and Pino-Quercetum communities). Lack of alkaline cations is probably compensated by nitrogen in the form of NH4+, therefore maintaining the ionic balance of cations and anions in plants. Plants inhabiting habitats such as the Tilio-Carpinetum community show very high amounts of potassium. Some potassium radioactivity is probably indispensable for the physiological processes in plants instead of solar radiation
Conservation status and sustainable local use of crop and crop wild relative species in the Bistoon protected area / West of Iran
Authors: Rostami Reza , Khoshbakht Korous 
Published: July 2014

Abstract Collecting information about crop wild relatives (CWRs) as vital genetic resources for food security is the first stage of monitoring them. In this study, which was conducted in a protected area, we surveyed the conservation status of CWR sand, and the interaction between the condition of these plants and their local use. From 338 plant species in the area, 179 crop wild relatives in 38 families were identified. None of them is threatened, but some endemic rare or vulnerable plants such as Alkanna frigida Boiss. could cause some anxiety. Among these species 19 species of CWRs have edible usage in this area. Harvesting the crop wild relatives from nature by the local people is seen as a conservative factor although this is not usually true of other species.
Modernity and Gender: A Critique of Modernization Theory
Authors: Luintel Youba Raj 
Published: July 2014

This paper provides a bold critique of the hegemonic dualism in the light of insights that Tariq Banuri has offered. It also demonstrates the contours of gender asymmetry as an outcome of the masculine impersonal map of modernization. Highlighting the alternative model of development, it seeks to see the implication it has in the context of gender. The first section introduces the context with some of the questions to be focused on. It follows by a discourse of modernization and by an appraisal of Banuri’s main arguments on cultural maps and knowledge hierarchy. Conceptual contours of modernization and gender are sought before the final section puts forward empowerment as an alternative thesis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hjsa.v6i0.10732 Himalayan Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.6 2014: 221-235
Magnetic resonance imaging versus lymphoscintigraphy for the assessment of focal lymphatic transport disorders of the lower limb
Authors: Burgard C. , Baumeister R. , Strobl F. , Rominger A. , Bartenstein P. , Wallmichrath J. , Frick A. , Notohamiprodjo M. , Weiss M. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryPurpose: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MR-lym- phangiography) and lymphoscintigraphy for assessment of focal lesions of the peripheral lymphatic system. Patients with focal lymphatic transport disorders might benefit from surgi-cal interventions. Patients, methods: We examined by lymphoscintigraphy and MR- lymphangiography a total of 85 lower limbs in 46 consecutive patients (33 women; mean age 41 years; range 9-79 years) presenting with uni- or bilateral lymphedema. MR-lym- phangiographies were obtained at isotropic sub-millimeter resolution with a 3.0 Tesla magnet after injection of gadolinium contrast medium. MR-lymphangiography was reviewed by radiologists, whereas lymp- hoscintigraphy was reviewed by nuclear medicine physicians. The images were examined for localization and distribution of any focal lesions of the lymphatic vessel system. Diagnostic accuracy of the MR-approach was calculated relative to the lymphoscintigraphy gold standard. Results: There was substantial correlation of results by the two modalities (κ = 0.62). MR-lymphangiography had sensitivity of 68%, specificity of 91%, positive predictive value of 82%, and negative predictive value of 83%. Conclusions: Imaging findings of both lymphoscintigraphy and MR-lymph- angiography showed good diagnostic accuracy. MR-lymphangiography proved more information about anatomic location of focal lesions of the lymphatic vessels, but use of MR-lymphangiography is currently constrained due to the requirement for off-label subcutaneous injection of gadolinium che- lates. Consequently, and due to its superior sensitivity lymphoscintigraphy remains the most common imaging method to assess functional lymphatic disorders of the lower limb.
Outcomes of a Quality Improvement Project for Educating Nurses on Medication Administration and Errors in Nursing Homes
Authors: Tenhunen Monica L. , Tanner Elizabeth K. , Dahlen Rebecca 
Published: July 2014

Background:
The Institute of Medicine has provided recommendations for preventing medication errors in nursing homes that include nursing education. Support for education on medication administration is derived from evidence, primarily in settings other than nursing homes. This quality improvement project implemented an educational program for licensed nurses to increase knowledge of medication administration and to decrease medication-related errors.

Method:
A descriptive study of 72 licensed nurses in two nursing homes was used for this project. Medication resources were provided at nursing stations in both facilities. Licensed nurses took a pretest and then watched a 35-minute education presentation. One month later, they took a posttest.

Results:

Percentage scores on the tests were calculated. Paired
t
tests demonstrated an increase in nursing knowledge in one facility (
p
= 0.04) and no significant increase in nursing knowledge in the second.

Conclusion:
Mandatory participation by all staff members who administer medications would increase participation in the project. Multiple factors influence knowledge and medication administration in nursing homes and need further study.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2014;45(7):306–311.
REDUCTION OF INTRAMEDULLARY APOPTOSIS AFTER STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION IN BLACK AFRICAN VARIANT OF PEDIATRIC SICKLE CELL ANEMIA.
Authors: Isgrò Antonella , Sodani Pietro , Marziali Marco , Gaziev Javid , Fraboni Daniela , Paciaroni Katia , Gallucci Cristiano , De Angelis Gioia , Alfieri Cecilia , Ribersani Michela , Armiento Daniele , Roveda Andrea , Andreani Marco , Testi Manuela , Lucarelli Guido 
Published: July 2014

Background and Purpose: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only curative treatment for sickle cell anemia (SCA). We report our experience with transplantation in children with the Black African variant of SCA and the effects of transplant on erythroid compartment in bone marrow (BM). Patients and Methods: Twenty-seven consecutive patients who underwent BM transplantation from HLA-identical donors following a myeloablative conditioning regimen were included. Using both CD71 and FSC parameters, we obtained three erythroid populations: EryA–C. Ery A (CD71high FSChigh) are basophilic; Ery B (CD71high FSClow) are late basophilic and polychromatic; and Ery C (CD71low FSClow) are orthochromatic erythroblasts and reticulocytes. To analyze the effect of transplantation on intramedullary apoptosis, we studied Fas (CD95+) and caspase-3 expression in erythroblast subpopulations. Results: All patients experienced sustained engraftment, and all surviving patients remained free of SCA-related events after transplantation. The erythroid population showed expansion in the BM at baseline. After transplant, levels decreased, especially of Ery C, in parallel to reduced Fas expression and an initial caspase 3 increase in erythroid population, similar to reported later steps of “normal” erythroid maturation. Conclusions: The results suggest a good chance of cure for children with SCA, with an excellent survival rate. We also observed “normalization” of erythroid populations in parallel with a decreased intramedullary apoptosis rate, suggesting normal erythroid maturation in ex-SCA patients after HSCT.
Comparison of 3 Body Size Descriptors in Critically Ill Obese Children and Adolescents: Implications for Medication Dosing
Authors: Ross Emma L. , Jorgensen Jennifer , DeWitt Peter E. , Okada Carol , Porter Renee , Haemer Matthew , Reiter Pamela D. 
Published: July 2014

OBJECTIVE: To compare 3 methods of weight determination for medication dose calculations in obese children and to discuss feasibility for use in routine care.
METHODS: This was a patient safety and quality improvement study evaluating patients (2–19 years old) admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit during a 13-month period (July 2010–July 2011). Patients identified as obese (≥95th percentile body mass index [BMI] for age), including severely obese (≥99th percentile BMI for age), were included in the weight method comparison portion of this study. Lean body mass estimations, using equations derived by the Peters and Foster methods, were compared to ideal body weight estimates by using the BMI method. Absolute differences between values generated by the 3 methods, intraclass correlation (ICC), and Bland-Altman plots were calculated.
RESULTS: A total of 1369 patients met initial criteria; 176 met criteria for the dosing weight comparison (age ± SD = 9.28 ± 5 years; actual weight ± SD = 55.5 ± 33.9 kg; 46% female). Sixty were severely obese and 116 were obese. Mean ICC between methods was 0.968 (95% Confidence interval (CI): 0.959, 0.975). The Peters method estimated higher weights than the Foster or BMI method. Bland-Altman plots illustrated good agreement between methods in children with weight below 50 kg, but decreased agreement above 50 kg, which was influenced by sex.
CONCLUSIONS: All methods demonstrated strong correlation and acceptable agreement in children below 50 kg. Systematic biases were identified in children above 50 kg where variance was higher. The BMI method was least complex to calculate and the most feasible method for daily use.
Medication Waste Reduction in Pediatric Pharmacy Batch Processes
Authors: Toerper Matthew F. , Veltri Michael A. , Hamrock Eric , Mollenkopf Nicole L. , Holt Kristen , Levin Scott 
Published: July 2014

OBJECTIVES: To inform pediatric cart-fill batch scheduling for reductions in pharmaceutical waste using a case study and simulation analysis.METHODS: A pre and post intervention and simulation analysis was conducted during 3 months at a 205-bed children's center. An algorithm was developed to detect wasted medication based on time-stamped computerized provider order entry information. The algorithm was used to quantify pharmaceutical waste and associated costs for both preintervention (1 batch per day) and postintervention (3 batches per day) schedules. Further, simulation was used to systematically test 108 batch schedules outlining general characteristics that have an impact on the likelihood for waste.RESULTS: Switching from a 1-batch-per-day to a 3-batch-per-day schedule resulted in a 31.3% decrease in pharmaceutical waste (28.7% to 19.7%) and annual cost savings of $183,380. Simulation results demonstrate how increasing batch frequency facilitates a more just-in-time process that reduces waste. The most substantial gains are realized by shifting from a schedule of 1 batch per day to at least 2 batches per day. The simulation exhibits how waste reduction is also achievable by avoiding batch preparation during daily time periods where medication administration or medication discontinuations are frequent. Last, the simulation was used to show how reducing batch preparation time per batch provides some, albeit minimal, opportunity to decrease waste.CONCLUSIONS: The case study and simulation analysis demonstrate characteristics of batch scheduling that may support pediatric pharmacy managers in redesign toward minimizing pharmaceutical waste.
Aprepitant and Fosaprepitant Use in Children and Adolescents at an Academic Medical Center
Authors: Shillingburg Alexandra , Biondo Lisa 
Published: July 2014

OBJECTIVE: To describe the use of aprepitant and fosaprepitant, a neurokinin 1 (NK-1) receptor inhibitor, in children and adolescents at a large academic medical center, for the prevention and management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV).
METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted using an electronic medical record system to evaluate the use of aprepitant and fosaprepitant in all pediatric patients that were discharged from a single academic medical center between February 25, 2009 and May 25, 2012.
RESULTS: Twenty-six patients were included in this review and received a total of 287 doses over the span of 114 cycles. Mean age was 10.1 years, with a range of 11 months to 17 years old. In 16 of 26 patients, aprepitant was used as the primary prophylaxis. Of those patients who received primary prophylaxis, 6 of 16 received it for highly emetogenic chemotherapy, and 10 of 16 received it for moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. Intravenous fosaprepitant was used in 7 of 26 patients, ages 13 to 17 (median 14) years old. No adverse effects attributable to aprepitant were reported.
CONCLUSIONS: Use of aprepitant and fosaprepitant in pediatric patients appeared to be well tolerated. No currently published reports data using aprepitant in a patient younger than 32 months old, whereas we reported its use in patients as young as 11 months old.
Epidemiology of Infections Due to Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase–Producing Bacteria in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Benner Kim W. , Prabhakaran Priya , Lowros Autumn S. 
Published: July 2014

OBJECTIVES: To determine the proportion of infections caused by extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL)–producing Klebsiella or Escherichia coli Gram-negative organisms in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), and to identify risk factors for these infections.
METHODS: A retrospective, single-center chart review of patients admitted to a PICU in a 5-year period with infections caused by Klebsiella species or E coli was completed.
Data collected include demographics, length of stay, outcome, and relevant risk factors previously defined in the literature.
RESULTS: A total of 110 isolates were cultured from 94 patients. A total of 53% of the isolates were E coli, and the remainder were Klebsiella subspecies. Of the 110 isolates, 13 isolates (11.8%) in 7 patients were ESBL positive. The ESBL-producing isolates were equally distributed amongE coli and Klebsiella and were primarily cultured from tracheal aspirates. Most of the ESBL-positive isolates (9 of 13; 69%) were cultured from patients who received ceftazidime and/or cefotaxime in the preceding 30 days. Patients infected with E coli had higher PRISM 1 scores and were more likely to have a Foley catheter, whereas infections with Klebsiella were more common in mechanically ventilated males. Although not statistically significant, 80% of patients who were infected with non–ESBL-producing organisms survived to hospital discharge versus 57% of those infected with ESBL-producing E coli and Klebsiella.
CONCLUSIONS: Almost 12% of E coli and Klebsiella isolates in this patient population tested positive for ESBL production. ESBL production was equally distributed between E coli and Klebsiella species. These organisms were cultured from 7% of the study patients. As reported in previous studies, patients infected with ESBL-producing organisms most often had received prior cephalosporins and had a longer length of stay in the PICU.
Establishment and Evaluation of Pharmacist-Managed Admission Medication History and Reconciliation Process for Pediatric Patients
Authors: Provine Allison D. , Simmons Elisabeth M. , Bhagat Palak H. 
Published: July 2014

OBJECTIVE: This was a single-center, prospective, pilot study aiming to evaluate the impact of pharmacist involvement in the admission medication history and reconciliation process and to quantify discrepancies found by pharmacists when compared to information collected by other health care providers at a pediatric institution.
METHODS: A pharmacist completed a thorough medication history and reconciled discrepancies with the medical team. Discrepancies included incorrect medication, dose, route, frequency; omitted information; missing medications; or any other inconsistencies outside of these categories. Information was documented in the electronic medical record via a standardized template, and pertinent discrepancies were communicated with the medical team.
RESULTS: Of the 100 medication histories included in the study, a total of 309 discrepancies were identified and corrected in the electronic medical record. The median length of time it took pharmacists to complete the medication history process was 15 minutes per patient (interquartile range, 10–20 minutes). Thirty discrepancies were determined as pertinent and were reported as intervened on and communicated to the medical team.
CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that pharmacist-obtained admission medication histories and reconciliation have the potential to prevent potentially significant adverse drug reactions and have a positive impact on patient care.Index terms admission, history, medication, pharmacist, reconciliation
Avatars du pouvoir en pays de chirurgie
Authors: Pouchelle Marie-Christine 
Published: July 2014

Le désenchantement actuellement ressenti par les chirurgiens tient en partie au brouillage de leurs modèles identitaires, particulièrement sensible dans l’hôpital public. En dépit d’un statut socioprofessionnel globalement dévalorisé du XVeau XVIIIe siècle, la nature de l’activité chirurgicale a donné à ces hommes de métier un sentiment de toute-puissance et un goût du miracle qui ne sont pas nécessairement en rapport avec leur compétence ou l’état de l’art à l’époque où ils vivent. D’emblée confrontée à la question du pouvoir à son arrivée sur le terrain, l’auteure s’attache à l’enchevêtrement des représentations et des comportements caractéristiques de cette corporation qui dorénavant s’interroge sur son destin.
« On ne s’occupe pas assez d’eux »
Authors: Jaffré Yannick , Guindo Abdoulaye 
Published: July 2014

En Afrique, les enfants représentent la part plus importante des patients des hôpitaux. Pourtant très peu d’études ont été consacrées aux interactions entre les soignants et ces jeunes malades. Mêlant des perspectives d’anthropologie de la santé et d’anthropologie de l’enfance, notre enquête, réalisée dans un service de pédiatrie d’Afrique de l’Ouest, souligne la complexité de l’accès aux soins de ces jeunes patients et décrit un ensemble de dysfonctionnements dans la prise en charge des malades. Trois dimensions – la routine des pratiques, une mise en oeuvre d’éthiques sélectives et le statut de l’enfant – sont étudiées pour rendre compte des pratiques des professionnels de santé et des interactions observées.
John Dewey, Lloyd Morgan et l’avènement d’un nouveau naturalisme pragmatico-émergentiste
Authors: Doat David , Sartenaer Olivier 
Published: July 2014

Peut-on raisonnablement penser qu’un même phénomène naturel, comme l’esprit par exemple, puisse en même temps être continu et discontinu avec les processus physico-chimiques qui conditionnent son advenue au monde ? Autrement dit, est-il possible de construire une philosophie de la nature qui rejette simultanément la dichotomie métaphysique et la pure identité, c’est-à-dire qui se situe sans contradiction sur la ligne de séparation entre le dualisme et le matérialisme ? En y répondant par l’affirmative, John Dewey et Lloyd Morgan, deux pionniers respectifs du pragmatisme et de l’émergentisme au siècle dernier, ouvrirent la voie d’un nouveau naturalisme antiréductionniste. L’objectif de cet article est, d’une part, de montrer comment ces deux auteurs cherchèrent à relever ce défi en mobilisant le concept d’émergence ; d’autre part de préciser la nature des divergences d’interprétation et d’usage du concept chez Morgan et Dewey.