bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of improved grey wolf model in collaborative trajectory optimization of unmanned aerial vehicle swarm
Authors: Chen Jiguang , Chen Yu , Nie Rong , Liu Li , Liu Jianqiang , Qin Yuxin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWith the development of science and technology and economy, UAV is used more and more widely. However, the existing UAV trajectory planning methods have the limitations of high cost and low intelligence. In view of this, grey Wolf algorithm is being used to achieve collaborative trajectory optimization of UAV groups. However, it is found that the Grey Wolf optimization algorithm (GWO) has the problem of weak cooperation. In this study, based on the traditional GWO pheromone factor is introduced to improve it.. Aiming at the problem of unstable performance of swarm intelligence optimization algorithm under dynamic threat, deep reinforcement learning is used to optimize the model. An unmanned aerial vehicle swarm trajectory planning model was constructed based on the improved grey wolf algorithm. Through experimental analysis, the optimal fitness value of the improved grey wolf algorithm was lower than 0.43 of the grey wolf algorithm. Compared with other algorithms, the fitness value of this algorithm is significantly reduced and the stability is higher. In complex scenarios, the improved grey wolf algorithm had a trajectory length of 70.51 km and a planning time of 5.92 s, which was clearly superior to other algorithms. The path length planned by the research and design model was 58.476 km, which was significantly smaller than the other three models. The planning time was 5.33 s and the number of path extension points was 46. The indicator values of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle swarm trajectory planning model designed by this research were all smaller than the other three models. By analyzing the results, the model can achieve low-cost trajectory optimization, providing more reasonable technical support for unmanned aerial vehicle mission execution.
Left ventricular dysfunction in pulmonary arterial hypertension is attributed to underfilling rather than intrinsic myocardial disease: a CMR 2D phase contrast study
Authors: Venkateshvaran Ashwin , Bohlin Jessica , Kjellström Barbro , Bergström Elsa , Nelsson Anders , Werther Evaldsson Anna , Rådegran Göran , Arheden Håkan , Ostenfeld Ellen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe pathophysiology underlying impaired LV function in PAH remains unclear, with some studies implicating intrinsic myocardial dysfunction and others pointing to LV underfilling. Evaluation of pulmonary vein area (PVA) and flow may offer novel, mechanistic insight by distinguishing elevated LV filling pressure common in myocardial dysfunction from LV underfilling. This study aimed to elucidate LV filling physiology in PAH by assessing PVA and flow using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and compare pulmonary vein flow in PAH with HFrEF as a model representing elevated filling pressures, in addition to healthy controls. Patients with PAH or heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) referred for CMR were retrospectively reviewed, and healthy controls were included as reference. Pulmonary vein S, D and A-wave were compared between groups. Associations between pulmonary vein area (PVA) by CMR and echocardiographic indices of LV filling pressure were evaluated. Nineteen patients with PAH, 25 with HFrEF and 24 controls were included. Both PAH and HFrEF had lower ejection fraction and S-wave velocity than controls. PAH displayed smaller LV end-diastolic volumes than controls, while HFrEF demonstrated larger PVA and higher A-wave reversal. PVA was associated with mitral E/e′ ratio (r2 = 0.10; p = 0.03), e′ velocity (r2 = 0.23; p = 0.001) and left atrial volume (r2 = 0.07; p = 0.005). Among PAH, PVA was not associated with LV-GLS. A PVA cut-off of 2.3cm2 displayed 87% sensitivity and 72% specificity to differentiate HFrEF and PAH (AUC = 0.82). PAH displayed lower pulmonary vein S-wave velocity, smaller LV volume and reduced function compared with controls. Reduced LV function in PAH may be owing to underfilling rather than intrinsic myocardial disease. PVA demonstrates promise as a novel, non-invasive imaging marker to assess LV filling status.
Spectral characterization of intraoperative renal perfusion using hyperspectral imaging and artificial intelligence
Authors: Studier-Fischer A. , Bressan M. , Qasim A.bin , Özdemir B. , Sellner J. , Seidlitz S. , Haney C. M. , Egen L. , Michel M. , Dietrich M. , Salg G. A. , Billmann F. , Nienhüser H. , Hackert T. , Müller B. P. , Maier-Hein L. , Nickel F. , Kowalewski K. F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAccurate intraoperative assessment of organ perfusion is a pivotal determinant in preserving organ function e.g. during kidney surgery including partial nephrectomy or kidney transplantation. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has great potential to objectively describe and quantify this perfusion as opposed to conventional surrogate techniques such as ultrasound flowmeter, indocyanine green or the subjective eye of the surgeon. An established live porcine model under general anesthesia received median laparotomy and renal mobilization. Different scenarios that were measured using HSI were (1) complete, (2) gradual and (3) partial malperfusion. The differences in spectral reflectance as well as HSI oxygenation (StO2) between different perfusion states were compelling and as high as 56.9% with 70.3% (± 11.0%) for “physiological” vs. 13.4% (± 3.1%) for “venous congestion”. A machine learning (ML) algorithm was able to distinguish between these perfusion states with a balanced prediction accuracy of 97.8%. Data from this porcine study including 1300 recordings across 57 individuals was compared to a human dataset of 104 recordings across 17 individuals suggesting clinical transferability. Therefore, HSI is a highly promising tool for intraoperative microvascular evaluation of perfusion states with great advantages over existing surrogate techniques. Clinical trials are required to prove patient benefit.
First voltammetric analysis of two possible anticancer drug candidates using an unmodified glassy carbon electrode
Authors: Tyszczuk-Rotko Katarzyna , Staniec Katarzyna , Sztanke Krzysztof , Sztanke Małgorzata 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDimethyl 2-[2-(1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)hydrazinylidene]butanedioate (DIHB) and 8-(3-chlorophenyl)-2,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazine-3,4-dione (HDIT) are promising candidates for anticancer agents, the first analytical procedures of which are presented in this paper. The commercially available unmodified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was used as a sensor for the individual and simultaneous differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) determination of these possible anticancer drugs. The findings concerning the electrochemical behaviour indicated that DIHB and HDIT display at GCE, as a sensor, the oxidation peaks at 1.18 and 0.98 V, respectively (vs. Ag/AgCl, 3.0 mol L−1 KCl) in the 0.125 mol L−1 acetate buffer of pH = 4.5, which were employed for their quantification. Various experimental parameters were carefully investigated, to achieve high sensitivity in voltammetric measurements. Finally, under the optimised conditions (t of 60 s, ΔEA of 75 mV, ν of 225 mV s−1, and tm of 2 ms), the proposed DPV procedure with the GCE demonstrated broad linear sensing ranges (1–200 nmol L−1—DIHB and 5–200 nmol L−1—HDIT), boasting the detection limits of 0.18 nmol L−1 for DIHB and 1.1 nmol L−1 for HDIT. Moreover, the developed procedure was distinguished by good selectivity, repeatability of DIHB and HDIT signals and sensor reproducibility. The practical application of this method was demonstrated by analysing the urine reference material without any prior treatment. The results showed that this environmentally friendly approach, with a modification-free sensor, is suitable for the sensitive, selective and rapid quantification of DIHB and HDIT.
Development of standard operating protocol for measurement of cassava root mealiness
Authors: Osunbade O. A. , Alamu E. O. , Awoyale W. , Adesokan M. , Akinwande B. A. , Adejuyitan J. A. , Maziya-Dixon B. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOne of the major attributes of boiled cassava roots is its ability to soften within a short period, otherwise known as mealiness. This study aimed to establish and validate standard operating procedures for assessing the mealiness of boiled cassava roots. Twenty cassava genotypes, including landrace and improved varieties, were selected for the protocol development, with an additional ten genotypes used for validation. Following cooking, the cassava roots were evaluated for hardness and work done in extrusion using a texturometer equipped with a five-blade Ottawa cell probe. The same samples were assessed for sensory texture analysis using trained panelists for parameters such as softness and chewiness. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations (p < 0.01) between sensory softness and instrumental texture measurements, as well as between softness and cooking time (p < 0.01, r = 0.94), and between chewiness and cooking time (p < 0.05, r = 0.81). Validation results confirmed significant correlations (p < 0.01) between cooking time, sensory softness, and chewiness. These findings suggest that cooking time can serve as a reliable indicator, closely associated with sensory attributes, in determining the mealiness of boiled cassava roots. This approach offers a practical, mid-throughput method for assessing cassava root mealiness, with implications for breeding improved varieties, farmers adoption, and consumer acceptance.
Investigating the effects of pelagic trawling on the welfare of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus)
Authors: Tomás Mafalda , Behrens Jane W. , Nielsen Dennis Brandborg , Sparrevohn Claus Reedtz , Gesto Manuel , McEvoy Fintan , Gräns Albin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe effects of pelagic trawling on the health and welfare of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus L.) were investigated on a refrigerated seawater vessel operating in the North Sea. A total of 495 Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus L.) were sampled during five hauls from two fishing trips in September 2021 and 2022. For assessments of consciousness and mortality, a Reflex Action Mortality Predictor test (i.e. RAMP-test) was used on herring collected following trawling and pumping. Inspections for external and internal damage or wounds were performed via morphological welfare indicators and analyses of photos and radiographs. In addition, blood samples were taken and analysed for haematological indicators of stress. Following trawling and pumping, only 5% of the investigated herring showed signs of external wounds associated with the morphological indicators of welfare, and no internal damage was observed in the radiographic inspections. However, 96% of the assessed herring scored 0 on all three reflexes included in the RAMP-test and were therefore judged dead. On average, herring lost 95% of their scales, while 95% of herring had a very high degree of ruptured red blood cells (i.e. haemolysis). Extensive scale loss results in a deterioration of the skin's protective barrier function, which in turn impairs the osmoregulatory capacity of the herring. This was evident by elevated levels of plasma osmolality and circulating chloride concentrations, which could also likely explain the high occurrence of haemolysis in captured herring. Extended trawling time and larger catch size proved to be two important factors to consider, as the former led to increased plasma levels of osmolality, whereas the latter was associated with elevated plasma levels of lactate and cortisol. In conclusion, the high mortality appears to be influenced by a combination of factors such as severe stress, loss of osmoregulatory ability, crowding density within the trawl, and extended trawling times. This study provides important information on the welfare of wild Atlantic herring caught using pelagic trawls and highlights areas where improvements can be made to safeguard the welfare of fish captured in pelagic fisheries in the future.
Predicting bone metastasis-free survival in non-small cell lung cancer from preoperative CT via deep learning
Authors: Guo Jia , Miao Jianguo , Sun Weikai , Li Yanlei , Nie Pei , Xu Wenjian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAccurate prediction of bone metastasis-free survival (BMFS) after complete surgical resection in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) may facilitate appropriate follow-up planning. The aim of this study was to establish and validate a preoperative CT-based deep learning (DL) signature to predict BMFS in NSCLC patients. We performed a retrospective analysis of 1547 NSCLC patients who underwent complete surgical resection, followed by at least 36 months of monitoring at two hospitals. We constructed a DL signature from multiparametric CT images using 3D convolutional neural networks, and we integrated this signature with clinical-imaging factors to establish a deep learning clinical-imaging signature (DLCS). We evaluated performance using Harrell’s concordance index (C-index) and the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic. We also assessed the risk of bone metastasis (BM) in NSCLC patients at different clinical stages using DLCS. The DL signature successfully predicted BM, with C-indexes of 0.799 and 0.818 for the validation cohorts. DLCS outperformed the DL signature with corresponding C-indexes of 0.806 and 0.834. Ranges for area under the curve at 1, 2, and 3 years were 0.820–0.865 for internal and 0.860–0.884 for external validation cohorts. Furthermore, DLCS successfully stratified patients with different clinical stages of NSCLC as high- and low-risk groups for BM (p < 0.05). CT-based DL can predict BMFS in NSCLC patients undergoing complete surgical resection, and may assist in the assessment of BM risk for patients at different clinical stages.
Streams of conscious visual experience
Authors: Martín-Signes Mar , Chica Ana B. , Bartolomeo Paolo , Thiebaut de Schotten Michel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractConsciousness, a cornerstone of human cognition, is believed to arise from complex neural interactions. Traditional views have focused on localized fronto-parietal networks or broader inter-regional dynamics. In our study, we leverage advanced fMRI techniques, including the novel Functionnectome framework, to unravel the intricate relationship between brain circuits and functional activity shaping visual consciousness. Our findings underscore the importance of the superior longitudinal fasciculus within the fronto-parietal fibers, linking conscious perception with spatial neglect. Additionally, our data reveal the critical contribution of the temporo-parietal fibers and the splenium of the corpus callosum in connecting visual information with conscious representation and their verbalization. Central to these networks is the thalamus, posited as a conductor in synchronizing these interactive processes. Contrasting traditional fMRI analyses with the Functionnectome approach, our results emphasize the important explanatory power of interactive mechanisms over localized activations for visual consciousness. This research paves the way for a comprehensive understanding of consciousness, highlighting the complex network of neural connections that lead to awareness.
Knowledge mapping of impulsive buying behavior research: a visual analysis using CiteSpace
Authors: Gong Xiyun , Yee Choy Leong , Lee Shin Yiing , Cao Ethan Yi , Saif Abu Naser Mohammad 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWith the development of e-commerce, impulse buying behavior has transitioned from offline to online, presenting significant exploration value. This study aims to provide a comprehensive knowledge map and in-depth analysis of research on impulsive purchase behavior, helping readers understand the latest global trends in this field from 1967 to September 30, 2023. The study offers a visual analysis using CiteSpace, encompassing 704 academic articles on impulsive buying behavior published over 55 years. The status is revealed through collaboration networks, co-citation networks, and trend analysis. Researchers explore impulsive buying behavior in various contexts, with “e-commerce” being a primary focus. Notable new keywords include technology, customer satisfaction, perceived value, and virtual reality, among others. These terms contribute to future research directions. Overall, this pioneering research combines visual analysis to provide valuable insights and research recommendations for academics studying impulsive buying behavior.
A novel method to solve analytically the non-linear Poisson equation in the inversion layer of a MOSFET
Authors: Pereyra Pedro 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Despite the enormous importance that the metal oxide semiconductors (MOS) and the field effect transistors (MOSFETs) have in the actual semiconductor technology, the task of finding the analytical solution of the Poisson equation in the inversion layer was not fully accomplished for more than half a century. It is a well-known fact that due to the non-linear nature of this equation, the attempts to solve it got stuck after the first integration. Nevertheless, experimental and applied researchers found ways to characterize, control, and develop MOSFET devices based on approximate models, and numerical calculations. Here I present a new method to analytically solve the nonlinear Poisson equation, in principle, for any charge distribution in the inversion layer of a MOS, and for the charge density of the original Shockley model, in particular. To this purpose, a physical argument related to the charge and field energies in the transient population-inversion process is introduced and a new nonlinear but solvable second order differential equation is obtained, whose solution also solves the original Poisson equation. The analytical results presented here allow us to derive explicit expressions for the electrical potential distribution and, very importantly, for the charge distribution, the inversion layer width and the effective impurity concentration in the depletion layer. The quantum Hall effect and other physical phenomena were discovered in the inversion layer of a MOS. The Hall effect was explained under the assumption that the charge distribution is a two-dimensional electron gas, we show here however that the 2D limit is reached only at high gate voltages. When applied to MOSFET structures, we obtain new expressions for the drain currents in the inversion and depletion layers, as functions of the impurity concentration and the gate voltage for single and double-gate MOSFETs, and we give an insight for multi-gate MOSFETs.
Outcomes associated with postoperative cognitive dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Suraarunsumrit Patumporn , Srinonprasert Varalak , Kongmalai Tanawan , Suratewat Surasit , Chaikledkaew Usa , Rattanasiri Sasivimol , McKay Gareth , Attia John , Thakkinstian Ammarin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) manifests as a subtle decline in cognition, potentially leading to unfavourable postoperative outcomes. We explored the impact of POCD on physical function, length of hospital stay (LOS), dementia and mortality outcomes.

Methods
PubMed and Scopus were searched until May 2023. All studies of major surgical patients that assessed POCD and outcomes of interest were included. POCD effects were stratified by surgery type (cardiac and noncardiac) and time of POCD assessment (&lt;30 and ≥30 days postsurgery).

Results
Of 2316 studies, 20 met the inclusion criteria. POCD was not associated with functional decline postsurgery. Patients who experienced POCD postcardiac surgery had an increased relative risk (RR) of death of 2.04 [(95% CI: 1.18, 3.50); I2 = 0.00%]. Sensitivity analyses showed associations with intermediate-term mortality among noncardiac surgical patients, with an RR of 1.84 [(95% CI: 1.26, 2.71); I2 = 0.00%]. Patients who developed POCD &lt;30 days postcardiac and noncardiac surgeries experienced longer LOS than those who did not [mean difference (MD) = 1.37 days (95% CI: 0.35, 2.39); I2 = 92.38% and MD = 1.94 days (95% CI: 0.48, 3.40); I2 = 83.29%, respectively]. Postoperative delirium (POD) may contribute to the heterogeneity observed, but limited data were reported within the studies included.

Conclusions
Patients undergoing cardiac and noncardiac surgeries who developed POCD &lt;30 days postsurgery had poorer outcomes and an increased risk of premature death. Early recognition of perioperative neurocognitive disorders in at-risk patients may enable early intervention. However, POD may confound our findings, with further studies necessary to disentangle the effects of POD from POCD on clinical outcomes.
Assessing knowledge gaps and educational needs in urine drug test interpretation among health care professionals
Authors: Snozek Christine L H , Yee Claire I , Bryksin Janetta , Dahal Rejwi , Gerson Benjamin , Gherasim Carmen , Hauff Kristin D , Heger Nicholas , Huestis Marilyn A , Johnson-Davis Kamisha L , Knezevic Claire E , Love Sara A , Melanson Stacy E F , Noguez Jaime H , Pikulski Michael , Roper Stephen , Tyagi Manoj , Warrington Jill S , Yang He Sarina , Yang Yifei K 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Urine drug testing (UDT) is a critical tool used in medical, forensic, and occupational settings, but interpreting results can be challenging. We performed a study to assess the ability of health care professionals to interpret UDT results accurately.

Methods
In total, 911 clinical and laboratory professionals in the United States and Canada responded to a survey with questions gauging expertise in UDT interpretation. Responses were analyzed to identify knowledge gaps.

Results
Toxicologists and laboratory PhD scientists performed well, with means of 4.82 and 4.63 questions answered correctly (out of 6 possible), respectively. Physicians specializing in pathology, emergency medicine, primary care, and internal medicine, however, displayed concerning knowledge gaps, as did laboratorians with nondoctoral degrees. Experience and training correlated with interpretation accuracy. Identification of simulated compliance as well as understanding opioid exposure, metabolism, and immunoassay cross-reactivity were among the most clinically significant knowledge gaps. More than 30% of survey respondents indicated that they would seek UDT information from the internet or peers rather than clinical or laboratory experts.

Conclusions
The study highlighted the need for targeted education and better collaboration between clinical and laboratory experts and other health care professionals to ensure that when physicians order UDT, they can accurately interpret results and reduce harm.