bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Severely Impaired and Dysregulated Cytochrome P450 Expression and Activities in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Implications for Personalized Treatment in Patients
Authors: Yan Tongmeng , Lu Linlin , Xie Cong , Chen Jiamei , Peng Xiaojuan , Zhu Lijun , Wang Ying , Li Qiang , Shi Jian , Zhou Fuyuan , Hu Ming , Liu Zhongqiu 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis study aims to systematically determine the activities and expressions of cytochrome P450s (CYP) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients to support their optimal use in personalized treatment of HCC. Activities of seven major drug-metabolizing CYP enzymes (CYP1A2, 2A6, 2C8, 2C9, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A4) were determined in tumors and pericarcinomatous tissues harvested from 26 patients with hepatitis B virus-positive HCC using probe substrates. Protein and mRNA levels of these CYPs were also measured using isotope label-free LC/MS-MS method and real-time PCR, respectively. Maximal metabolic velocity (Vmax) of CYP probe substrates was decreased by 2.5- to 30-fold in tumor microsomes, accompanied by a corresponding decrease in their protein and mRNA expression levels. However, Km values and turnover numbers of substrates in tumor microsomes were not changed. High correlations between activities and CYP protein levels were also observed, but the correlation between activities and mRNA levels was often poor. There was a major decrease in the degree of correlation in CYP expression in tumor tissues, suggesting that CYP expression levels are greatly disrupted by the tumorigenic process. Our unprecedented systemic study of the effects of HCC on CYPs demonstrated that activities of CYPs were seriously impaired and their expression patterns were severely altered by HCC. We proposed that determination of the CYP protein expression profile by LC/MS-MS in each patient is a promising approach that can be clinically used for individualized treatment of HCC. Mol Cancer Ther; 14(12); 2874–86. ©2015 AACR.
Individual Proton Pump Inhibitors and Outcomes in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease on Dual Antiplatelet Therapy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sherwood Matthew W. , Melloni Chiara , Jones W. Schuyler , Washam Jeffrey B. , Hasselblad Vic , Dolor Rowena J. 
Published: October 2015

Background

Observational studies evaluating the possible interaction between proton pump inhibitors (
PPI
s) and clopidogrel have shown mixed results. We conducted a systematic review comparing the safety of individual
PPI
s in patients with coronary artery disease taking clopidogrel.

Methods and Results
Studies performed from January 1995 to December 2013 were screened for inclusion. Data were extracted, and study quality was graded for 34 potential studies. For those studies in which follow‐up period, outcomes, and multivariable adjustment were comparable, meta‐analysis was performed.

The adjusted odds or hazard ratios for the composite of cardiovascular or all‐cause death, myocardial infarction, and stroke at 1 year were reported in 6 observational studies with data on individual
PPI
s. Random‐effects meta‐analyses of the 6 studies revealed an increased risk for adverse cardiovascular events for those taking pantoprazole (
hazard ratio
1.38; 95%
CI
1.12–1.70), lansoprazole (
hazard ratio
1.29; 95%
CI
1.09–1.52), or esomeprazole (
hazard ratio
1.27; 95%
CI
1.02–1.58) compared with patients on no
PPI
. This association was not significant for omeprazole (
hazard ratio
1.16; 95%
CI
0.93–1.44). Sensitivity analyses for the
coronary artery disease
population (acute coronary syndrome versus mixed) and exclusion of a single study due to heterogeneity of reported results did not have significant influence on the effect estimates for any
PPI
s.

Conclusions

Several frequently used
PPI
s previously thought to be safe for concomitant use with clopidogrel were associated with greater risk of adverse cardiovascular events. Although the data are observational, they highlight the need for randomized controlled trials to evaluate the safety of concomitant
PPI
and clopidogrel use in patients with
coronary artery disease
.
Incidence of Stroke or Systemic Embolism in Paroxysmal Versus Sustained Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Takabayashi Kensuke , Hamatani Yasuhiro , Yamashita Yugo , Takagi Daisuke , Unoki Takashi , Ishii Mitsuru , Iguchi Moritake , Masunaga Nobutoyo , Ogawa Hisashi , Esato Masahiro , Chun Yeong-Hwa , Tsuji Hikari , Wada Hiromichi , Hasegawa Koji , Abe Mitsuru , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Akao Masaharu 
Published: October 2015

Background and Purpose—
There is controversy on the relationship of the type of atrial fibrillation (AF) to stroke. Although several studies show that patients with paroxysmal AF (PAF) have a stroke risk similar to those with persistent or permanent AF, recent studies suggest that PAF is associated with a lower rate of stroke. Limited data on stroke risk associated with PAF are evident in Asian populations.

Methods—
The Registry Study of Atrial Fibrillation Patients in Fushimi-ku (Fushimi AF Registry) is a community-based survey of patients with AF in Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, Japan. Patients were categorized into 2 types of AF: PAF or sustained (persistent or permanent) AF. We compared clinical events between PAF (n=1588) and sustained AF (n=1716).

Results—

Patients with PAF were younger, had less comorbidities, and received oral anticoagulants (OAC) less commonly. A lower risk of stroke/systemic embolism during follow-up period in the patients with PAF was consistently observed (non-OAC users: hazard ratio, 0.45; 95% confidence intervals, 0.27–0.75;
P
<0.01 and OAC users: hazard ratio, 0.59; 95% confidence interval, 0.35–0.93;
P
=0.03). The composite end point of stroke/systemic embolism/all-cause mortality was also lower in PAF, whether among OAC users (hazard ratio, 0.77; 95% confidence interval, 0.59–0.99;
P
=0.046) or non-OAC users (hazard ratio, 0.59; 95% confidence interval, 0.46–0.75;
P
<0.01). On multivariate analysis, PAF was an independent predictor of lower stroke/systemic embolism risk.

Conclusions—
In this large cohort of Japanese patients with AF, PAF was independently associated with lower incidence of stroke/systemic embolism than sustained AF. This may aid decision making for anticoagulation, especially in those patients with AF with few stroke risk factors.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index.htm
. Unique identifier: UMIN000005834.
Determination of Convective Boundary Layer Entrainment Fluxes, Dissipation Rates, and the Molecular Destruction of Variances: Theoretical Description and a Strategy for Its Confirmation with a Novel Lidar System Synergy
Authors: Wulfmeyer Volker , Muppa Shravan Kumar , Behrendt Andreas , Hammann Eva , Späth Florian , Sorbjan Zbigniew , Turner David D. , Hardesty R. Michael 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Atmospheric variables in the convective boundary layer (CBL), which are critical for turbulence parameterizations in weather and climate models, are assessed. These include entrainment fluxes, higher-order moments of humidity, potential temperature, and vertical wind, as well as dissipation rates. Theoretical relationships between the integral scales, gradients, and higher-order moments of atmospheric variables, fluxes, and dissipation rates are developed mainly focusing on the entrainment layer (EL) at the top of the CBL. These equations form the starting point for tests of and new approaches in CBL turbulence parameterizations. For the investigation of these relationships, an observational approach using a synergy of ground-based water vapor, temperature, and wind lidar systems is proposed. These systems measure instantaneous vertical profiles with high temporal and spatial resolution throughout the CBL including the EL. The resolution of these systems permits the simultaneous measurement of gradients and fluctuations of these atmospheric variables. For accurate analyses of the gradients and the shapes of turbulence profiles, the lidar system performances are very important. It is shown that each lidar profile can be characterized very well with respect to bias and system noise and that the constant bias has negligible effect on the measurement of turbulent fluctuations. It is demonstrated how different gradient relationships can be measured and tested with the proposed lidar synergy within operational measurements or new field campaigns. Particularly, a novel approach is introduced for measuring the rate of destruction of humidity and temperature variances, which is an important component of the variance budget equations.
Rapid-Scan, Polarimetric Observations of Central Oklahoma Severe Storms on 31 May 2013
Authors: Tanamachi Robin L. , Heinselman Pamela L. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT
On 31 May 2013, a polarimetric WSR-88D located in Norman, Oklahoma (KOUN), was used to collect sectorized volumetric observations in a tornadic supercell. Because only a fraction of the full azimuthal volume was observed, rapid volume update times of ~1–2 min were achieved. In addition, the number of pulses used in each radial was larger than is conventional, increasing the statistical robustness of the calculated polarimetric variables. These rapid observations serve as a proxy for those of a future dual-polarized phased-array radar. Through comparison with contemporaneous observations from two nearby dual-polarized WSR-88Ds [Twin Lakes, Oklahoma (KTLX), and near University of Oklahoma Westheimer Airport in Norman (KCRI)], a number of instances in which the rapidly scanned KOUN radar detected or better resolved (in a temporal sense) features of severe convective storms are highlighted. In particular, the polarimetric signatures of merging updrafts, a rapidly descending giant hail core, an anticyclonic tornado, and a dissipating storm cell are examined. These observations provided insights into the rapid evolution of severe convective storms that could not be made (or would have been made with much lower confidence) with current, operational WSR-88D scanning strategies. Possible implications of these rapid updates for the warning decision process are discussed.
Short message service (SMS) as an educational tool during pregnancy: A literature review
Authors: Lamont Kim , Sliwa Karen , Stewart Simon , Carrington Melinda , Pretorius Sandra , Libhaber Elena , Wiysonge Charles S , Adebayo Esther F , Klipstein-Grobusch Kerstin 
Published: October 2015

Background: In many low- and middle-income countries, access to health information during pregnancy is poor. The rapid adoption of mobile phones in these countries has created new opportunities for disseminating such information. Objective: This paper reviews existing information on the use of short message services (SMSs) as a feasible tool to transmit health education information. Methods: The PubMed, Cochrane library, EMBASE and Google scholar databases were searched for studies in which mobile phone SMSs were used to promote health education during pregnancy. Studies of adult women, from any setting, who received SMS health education messages during their pregnancy, were included, irrespective of study design. Results: The analysis of results followed a narrative synthesis approach, a textual approach involving a synthesis of findings from multiple studies. The synthesis was developed manually, based on the extraction of data. All studies demonstrated use or interest in SMS technology to facilitate health information messaging. Findings from several studies showed that pregnant women were both receptive and willing to use SMS technology to enhance their health. In Zanzibar, the effect of SMS on skilled delivery rates and access to emergency healthcare was assessed. The effects SMS alerts had on hospital deliveries and SMS interventions had on facility use during pregnancy were assessed in Rwanda. Conclusion: The review highlights the practicality and willingness of utilising SMS technology to promote or enhance health education.
The evolving EU accountability landscape: moving to an ever denser union
Authors: Wille Anchrit 
Published: October 2015

This article aims to bring the accountability of the EU executive out of the shadows by tracing the development of the current accountability landscape around the main EU’s executive actors. It looks at the development and the diversification of accountability forums (and mechanisms) in the EU: what forums and arrangements have come into being for holding the EU executive powers accountable? Instead of focusing on single individual accountability branches, this article examines the development of accountability in the EU by treating it as a complex landscape. And rather than assuming equilibrium, a starting point is the evolving nature of this landscape. On the basis of this exploration, the article seeks to understand the way in which the EU's institutional accountability framework has evolved through a patchwork of arrangements, and how this contributes to the emergence of a complex, multilayered governance landscape in order to fit within today’s presumptions about how power should be controlled and accountability achieved. Points for practitioners The landscape of accountability institutions in the EU is slowly becoming denser. The shift from national, state-based policy-making to the EU level and the continuous expansion of the executive sphere in the EU is accompanied by a growing concern about how to organize democratic accountability in the complex multi-level web of European governance. The establishment of new watchdog institutions (such as an ombudsman, an anti-corruption office, ethical committees, auditors, a whistleblower protection act) and strengthened scrutiny points to the increased relevance of accountability and control over the EU executive.
Truro Cathedral: Spires of hope on the Duchy peninsula
Authors: Barley Lynda 
Published: October 2015

A case-study is offered of a modern English cathedral set in a predominantly rural and less prosperous region of Britain. The author seeks to highlight the distinctiveness of this particular cathedral ministry as well as experiences in common with many other English cathedrals from the perspective of a participant observer. The unique social and religious inheritance in the Duchy of Cornwall leads to a diverse mix of local cultures strongly influenced by Celtic traditions that serve to emphasize its independence from its English neighbours. Truro Cathedral’s role as a community utility beyond the Church of England in giving voice to the role of the established church in this region is explored. This discussion refers to the challenges of responding to implicit and explicit expressions of contemporary religion. Generational differences, in particular, focus the cathedral’s attention on offering a generous hospitality to individual spiritual and religious exploration while maintaining its core values and purpose that have come to be summarized as ‘Sacred Space, Common Ground’. The growing diversity of ministry of this English cathedral at the heart of regional life is an encouragement to the continuing life of the Church of England in this extremity of the South West.
Change in autoantibody and cytokine responses during the evolution of neuromyelitis optica in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A preliminary study
Authors: Kovacs Katalin T , Kalluri Sudhakar Reddy , Boza-Serrano Antonio , Deierborg Tomas , Csepany Tunde , Simo Magdolna , Rokusz Laszlo , Miseta Attila , Alcaraz Nicolas , Czirjak Laszlo , Berki Timea , Molnar Tihamer , Hemmer Bernhard , Illes Zsolt 
Published: October 2015

Background: Neuromyelitis optica (NMO)–systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) association is a rare condition characterized by multiple autoantibodies. Objective: To examine if, during the evolution of NMO, anti-AQP4 responses are part of polyclonal B cell activation, and if T cell responses contribute. Methods: In 19 samples of six patients who developed NMO during SLE, we examined the correlation of AQP4-IgG1 and IgM with (i) anti-MOG IgG and IgM, (ii) anti-nuclear, anti-nucleosome and anti-dsDNA IgG antibodies, (iii) cytokines and chemokines in the serum and (iv) longitudinal relation to NMO relapses/remission. Results: AQP4-IgG1 was present 1–2–5 years before the first NMO relapse. During relapse, AQP4-IgG1, ANA, anti-dsDNA and anti-nucleosome antibodies were elevated. Anti-MOG IgG/IgM and AQP4-IgM antibodies were not detected. AQP4-IgG1 antibodies correlated with concentration of anti-nucleosome, IFN-γ,interferon-gamma-induced CCL10/IP-10 and CCL17/TARC ( p<0.05, respectively). CCL17/TARC correlated with levels of anti-nucleosome and anti-dsDNA ( p<0.05, respectively). Compared to healthy subjects, concentration of IFN-γ and CCL17/TARC was higher in NMO/SLE ( p<0.05). Conclusions: AQP4-IgG1 antibodies are present in the sera years before the first NMO attack in patients with SLE; elevation of anti-AQP4 is part of a polyclonal B cell response during NMO relapses; in spite of multiple autoantibodies in the serum, MOG antibodies were not present; Th1 responses accompany autoantibody responses in NMO/SLE.
Lack of Iliac Engagement Correlates With Iliac Limb Complications Following Standard EVAR
Authors: Coulston James , Baigent Amy , Selvachandran Haran , Jones Steven , Torella Francesco , Fisher Robert 
Published: October 2015

Objective: An adequate distal sealing zone is a prerequisite for successful endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Poor engagement of iliac limbs within the common iliac artery potentially increases the risk of limb-related complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the proportion of common iliac artery used for distal sealing as a predictor of iliac limb complications following standard EVAR. Methods: This was a retrospective case controlled study where an iliac complication group was compared to a larger control group from the unit database. Core analysis of postoperative computed tomography scans was used to ascertain the percentage engagement of the iliac limb of the stent graft within the native iliac artery in both groups. Results: There were 240 limbs in the control group and 33 limbs in the complications group. Complications included 10 endoleaks, 1 iliac limb dislocation, 2 insufficient engagement, 4 occlusions, and 16 kinks. The proportion of common iliac artery engagement was significantly higher in the control group compared with the complications group (75.3:68.6%, P = .003). Conclusions: Increased engagement in the common iliac artery following standard EVAR reduces the risks of limb complications. A clinical guide utilization of more than 70% of the total length of common iliac artery could be used as this was associated with a significantly lower rate of iliac limb complications following standard EVAR.
Flow-diverting stents allow efficient treatment of unruptured, intradural dissecting aneurysms of the vertebral artery: An explanatory approach using in vivo flow analysis
Authors: Gölitz Philipp , Struffert Tobias , Hoelter Philip , Eyüpoglu Ilker , Knossalla Frauke , Doerfler Arnd 
Published: October 2015

Object Our study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of flow-diverting stents (FDS) in treating unruptured, intradural dissecting aneurysms of the vertebral artery (VADAs). Additionally, the effect of FDS on the aneurysmal flow pattern was investigated by performing in vivo flow analysis using parametric color coding (PCC). Methods We evaluated 11 patients with unruptured, intradural VADAs, treated with FDS. Pre- and postinterventional DSA-series were postprocessed by PCC, and time-density curves were calculated. The parameters aneurysmal inflow-velocity, outflow-velocity and relative time-to-peak (rTTP) were calculated. Pre- and postinterventional values were compared and correlated with the occlusion rate after six months. Results Follow-up DSA detected 10 aneurysms occluded, meaning an occlusion rate of 91%. No procedure-related morbidity and mortality was found. Flow analyses revealed a significant reduction of aneurysmal inflow- velocity and prolongation of rTTP after FDS deployment. Concerning aneurysm occlusion, the postinterventional outflow-velocity turned out to be a marginally statistically significant predictor. A definite threshold value (–0.7 density change/s) could be determined for the outflow-velocity that allows prediction of complete aneurysm occlusion with high sensitivity and specificity (100%). Conclusions Using FDS can be considered an efficient and safe therapy option in treating unruptured, intradural VADA. From in vivo flow analyses the postinterventional aneurysmal outflow-velocity turned out to be a potential predictor for later complete aneurysm occlusion. Here, it might be possible to determine a threshold value that allows prediction of aneurysm occlusion with high specificity and sensitivity. As fast, applicable and easy-to-handle tool, PCC could be used for procedural monitoring and might contribute to further treatment optimization.
Utility of QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube Test in the Diagnosis of Latent TB in HIV-Positive Patients in a Medium-TB Burden Country
Authors: Khazraiyan Hamideh , Liaei Zahra Abdi , Koochak Hamid Emadi , Ardalan Farid Azmoudeh , Ahmadinejad Zahra , Soltani Ahmad 
Published: October 2015

Background: The authors aimed to compare TST with QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT) for detecting latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in HIV-infected patients in Iran as a TB-medium endemic country. Methods: In a cross-sectional design,130 HIV-positive patients in HIV clinic of Tehran University were studied. Patients screened for LTBI with QFT and TST simultaneously. Concordance between 2 tests results and variables associated with tests discordance were assessed. Results: Positive results found in 24.6% for TST and 7.7% for QFT. Overall agreement between them was 73.85% (Kappa = 0.083). History of imprisonment was associated with more positive TST ( P = 0.014) and QFT ( P = 0.01). Patients with intravenous drug use (IDU) history had significant discordant results (0.018). Conclusion: The authors recommend QFT for all negative cases of TST in HIV-positive patients especially who had history of IDU.
Improvements for international medicine donations: a review of the World Health Organization Guidelines for Medicine Donations, 3rd edition
Authors: Cañigueral-Vila Nuria , Chen Jennifer C. , Frenkel-Rorden Lindsey , Laing Richard 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSome humanitarian and development organizations respond to major natural disasters and emergencies by donating medicines. Many provide medicines on a routine basis to support health systems, particularly those run by Faith-Based Organizations. Although such donations can provide essential medicines to populations in great need, inappropriate donations also take place, with burdensome consequences. The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed the interagency Guidelines for Medicine Donations for use by donors and recipients in the context of emergency aid and international development assistance. Although comprehensive in nature and transferable to various emergency situations, adjustments to both content and formatting would improve this resource. Recommendations for the next version of these guidelines include: specific wording and consistent formatting; definition of who is a recipient, clear distinction between acute and long-term emergencies, and proper donation procedures pertaining to each; inclusion of visual aides such as flowcharts, checklists, and photos; and improving the citations system.