bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kidney transplantation: analysis of the expression and T cell-mediated activation of latent TGF-β
Authors: Willet Joseph D P , Pichitsiri Watchara , Jenkinson Sarah E , Brain John G , Wood Katrina , Alhasan Abd A , Spielhofer Julia , Robertson Helen , Ali Simi , Kirby John A 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
T cells activate latent TGF-β by an LSKL peptide-sensitive mechanism, suggesting a role for thrombospondin-1 in T cell differentiation after kidney transplantation.
Activated T cells infiltrate a renal allograft during rejection and can respond to TGF-β within the tubules, causing local differentiation and expression of the αE(CD103)β7 integrin. This study was performed to examine the expression of latent TGF-β within renal allograft tissues and to define a mechanism by which T cells can activate and respond to this latent factor. Rejecting renal allograft biopsy tissues showed increased expression of the latent TGF-β complex, which was localized around the tubules by a mechanism that might involve interaction with heparan sulfate in the basement membrane. A cultured renal TEC line also expressed the latent complex, but these cells did not respond to this form of TGF-β by pSmad 3. However, coculture of these cells with activated T cells induced the expression of CD103, suggesting that T cells can activate and respond to the latent TGF-β associated with TEC. Although activated T cells expressed little cell-surface TSP-1, this was increased by culture with fibronectin or fibronectin-expressing renal TEC. Blockade of TSP-1 using LSKL peptides reduced the potential of activated T cells to differentiate in response to latent TGF-β. This study suggests that penetration of renal tubules by activated T cells leads to increased expression of T cell-surface TSP-1, allowing activation of latent TGF-β sequestered on heparan sulfate within the microenvironment. This mechanism may be important for localized phenotypic maturation of T cells that have infiltrated the kidney during allograft rejection.
The emerging role of protein kinase Cθ in cytoskeletal signaling
Authors: Michalczyk Izabela , Sikorski Aleksander F , Kotula Leszek , Junghans Richard P , Dubielecka Patrycja M 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Review on the signaling of protein kinase C theta (PKCθ), focusing on signal transduction to cytoskeletal elements critical for cell-type specific responses to stimuli.
Cytoskeletal rearrangements often occur as the result of transduction of signals from the extracellular environment. Efficient awakening of this powerful machinery requires multiple activation and deactivation steps, which usually involve phosphorylation or dephosphorylation of different signaling units by kinases and phosphatases, respectively. In this review, we discuss the signaling characteristics of one of the nPKC isoforms, PKCθ, focusing on PKCθ-mediated signal transduction to cytoskeletal elements, which results in cellular rearrangements critical for cell type-specific responses to stimuli. PKCθ is the major PKC isoform present in hematopoietic and skeletal muscle cells. PKCθ plays roles in T cell signaling through the IS, survival responses in adult T cells, and T cell FasL-mediated apoptosis, all of which involve cytoskeletal rearrangements and relocation of this enzyme. PKCθ has been linked to the regulation of cell migration, lymphoid cell motility, and insulin signaling and resistance in skeletal muscle cells. Additional roles were suggested for PKCθ in mitosis and cell-cycle regulation. Comprehensive understanding of cytoskeletal regulation and the cellular “modus operandi” of PKCθ holds promise for improving current therapeutic applications aimed at autoimmune diseases.
Progesterone Use to Reverse the Effects of Mifepristone
Authors: Delgado George , Davenport Mary L 
Published: November 2012

Objective: To present a series of cases demonstrating successful reversal of mifepristone effects in women who chose to reverse the medical abortion process. Case Reports: Four of 6 women who took mifepristone were able to carry their pregnancies to term after receiving intramuscular progesterone 200 mg. Discussion: Mifepristone has been available in the US since 2000. By 2008, approximately 25% of abortions prior to 9 weeks were accomplished with mifepristone. Some women who take mifepristone wish to reverse the medical abortion process. Progesterone competes with mifepristone for the progesterone receptor and may reverse the effects of mifepristone. A PubMed literature search from 1996 to May 2012 did not reveal any trials or case studies evaluating the efficacy of progesterone use to reverse the effects of mifepristone. Conclusions: Health care professionals should be aware of the possible use of progesterone to reverse mifepristone in women who have begun the medical abortion process by taking mifepristone and then change their minds.
Use of Intravenous Lipid Emulsion to Reverse Central Nervous System Toxicity of an Iatrogenic Local Anesthetic Overdose in a Patient on Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Lange D Bruce , Schwartz Daniel , DaRoza Gerald , Gair Robert 
Published: November 2012

Objective: To describe a case of severe central nervous system toxicity after an overdose of lidocaine by local infiltration in a peritoneal dialysis patient and subsequent treatment of the toxicity with lipid emulsion. Case Summary: A 31-year-old male received an iatrogenic overdose of 1600 mg of lidocaine 2% by infiltration during an attempt to remove and replace a peritoneal dialysis catheter. Within 10 minutes after the last lidocaine injection, the patient exhibited features of local anesthetic toxicity, which included tachycardia, hypertension, shortness of breath, dizziness, and a choking sensation that progressed to hallucinations, dysarthria, and uncoordinated, weak limb movement. Within 10 minutes after administration of a single 1.5-mg/kg intravenous bolus of 20% lipid emulsion, the patient improved dramatically. After observation overnight in a monitored care setting, the patient was discharged home with no apparent neurologic sequelae. Discussion: Systemic toxicity due to regional anesthesia with local anesthetic agents such as lidocaine has been well described in the medical literature. The use of lipid emulsion as an antidote to the toxicity of local anesthetics and other lipophilic drugs has been suggested as a valuable intervention in both early, rapidly progressive toxicity, as well as toxicity that is refractory to standard treatment. Patients with advanced chronic kidney disease may be more susceptible to systemic effects of lidocaine due to decreased drug elimination. Conclusions: Central nervous system toxicity due to an overdose of lidocaine was quickly reversed by intravenous lipid emulsion in our patient.
Gastroparesis-Associated Refractory Nausea Treated with Aprepitant
Authors: Fahler Jon , Wall Geoffrey C , Leman Bernard I 
Published: November 2012

Objective: To report a case of refractory nausea in a patient with idiopathic gastroparesis successfully treated with aprepitant. Case Summary: A 41-year-old female with idiopathic gastroparesis demonstrated by a delayed gastric emptying time experienced significant nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. This resulted in numerous hospital admissions and regular outpatient intravenous fluid administration. Over a 3-year period the patient had been treated with numerous agents for nausea and vomiting, including metocfopramide 10 mg 3 times daily, ondansetron 8 mg 2 times daily, and promethazine (various doses from 12.5 to 25 mg orally up to 3 times daily). No treatment tried was either tolerated or effective. As a last option before considering gastric pacing the patient was started on aprepitant 40 mg daily. The patient had a dramatic response to aprepitant and reported that her nausea had decreased significantly after 48 hours of starting the medication (2 doses). She was able to tolerate oral feeding and her need for outpatient intravenous hydration abated. Over the course of 2 months while using aprepitant her gastroparesis symptoms continued to improve. She reported no adverse effects attributable to aprepitant. After the first 2 months of aprepitant treatment, the patient was unable to continue the medication due to cost. Although her symptoms did worsen after discontinuation, they did not return to their initial severity. At 4 months after the trial of aprepitant, she continued to have improved symptoms. She claimed not to have daily nausea or vomiting, but still required high-dose promethazine and occasional outpatient intravenous fluids. At that point, she had gained 7.2 kg from the time that she had started aprepitant. Discussion: Aprepitant, a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist, is approved in the US for nausea and vomiting associated with surgery and cancer chemotherapy. To our knowledge, this is the second reported case of its use in gastroparesis-induced nausea. Our patient reported relief of nausea and vomiting despite existing evidence showing that aprepitant has no significant effect on accelerating gastric emptying. Despite its acquisition cost, our patient avoided hospital admission and the administration of intravenous hydration, suggesting aprepitant may be cost-effective in this case. Conclusions: Aprepitant may have some utility in treating refractory nausea caused by gastroparesis. This case suggests that the drug's antiemetic effect may be successfully used in areas not approved by the Food and Drug Administration. A controlled trial examining aprepitant in patients with such challenging clinical conditions may be warranted.
Discussions on the Daybook Style and the Formulae of Malediction and Benediction Stemming from Five Middle Kingdom Rock-Cut Stelae from Gebel el-Girgawi
Authors: Hsieh Julia 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
A small corpus of Gebel el-Girgawi inscriptions dated to the Middle Kingdom shows that the beginnings of the Daybook tradition may be placed as early as the First Intermediate Period. Grammatical constructions pertaining to the Daybook style are evidenced in expeditionary and military inscriptions as well as in other types of record keeping, and the presence of such constructions in these seemingly short and insignificant private rock inscriptions may in fact reflect the monumentalization of the diaries of private individuals. Examination of these Gebel el-Girgawi inscriptions also add to the study of benediction/malediction formulae in personal inscriptions outside of the mortuary realm. The use of malediction formula in these inscriptions provides important evidence for the evolution of the malediction/benediction formulae in a non-mortuary context: from its first applications in military and expeditionary graffiti, to its incorporation in royal boundary stelae of the Middle and New Kingdoms.
A Debated but Little Examined Mathematical Text: Papyrus Berlin 6619
Authors: Miatello Luca 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
This paper proposes an updated analysis of the four mathematical problems on the two main fragments of P. Berlin 6619. Photographs, transcription, translation and commentary of the problem texts are included. The analysis focuses in particular on problem 1, on the recto of the large fragment, previously interpreted as the calculation of the sides of two squares. The sentence jr.t HAy.t m wa r nHH (...) indicates that the problem concerns the calculation of two sides of a rectangle. This interpretation is supported also by architectural and cross-cultural parallels.
Processing and Disposal of Radioactive Waste: Selection of Technical Solutions
Authors: Ojovan Michael I. , Drace Zoran 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTAn overview of selection criteria for waste processing and disposal technologies is given. A systematic approach for selection of an optimal technology is proposed. Optimal selection of a technical processing and disposal option is case specific to the waste management needs. Waste streams considered are from nuclear applications, research, power generation, nuclear fuel cycle activities and decommissioning of nuclear facilities as well as for NORM-containing waste.
Simulation by classical molecular dynamics of the influence of radiation effects on the fracture behavior of simplified nuclear glasses
Authors: Kieu Le-Hai , Delaye Jean-Marc , Stolz Claude 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTClassical molecular dynamics simulations were used to compare the fracture behavior of pristine and disordered specimens of a simplified nuclear glass. The disordered specimen is prepared in order to mimic the effects of accumulating displacement cascades. It is characterized by a decreasing Boron coordination and an increasing Na concentration in a modifying role. We observe an enhancement of the plasticity of the disordered glass and a decrease of the elastic limit, resulting in greater fracture toughness. The simulation findings are consistent with experimental results.
A Comparison of Consolidation Routes for Halide Containing Wastes
Authors: Mallinson Phillip M. , Fong Shirley K. , Vance Eric R. , Phillips James D. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTResearch has been carried out to optimize the consolidation stage for the immobilization of pyrochemical wastes with a sodium aluminophosphate glass. The alternative techniques of hot pressing and hot isostatic pressing of the calcined wastes with the glass have been investigated. This has been performed on simulant waste material and the products investigated by scanning electron microscopy and X‑ray diffraction. The consolidation techniques were compared to each other and to the original process for suitability as a waste-form.
An overview of research activities on cementitious materials for radioactive waste management
Authors: Drace Zoran , Mele Irena , Ojovan Michael I. , Abdel Rahman R. O. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTAn overview is given on research activities on cementitious materials for radioactive waste management systems based on the IAEA Coordinated Research Project (CRP) held in 2007-2010. It has been joined by 26 research organizations from 22 countries which shared their research and practical activities on use of cementitious materials for various barrier purposes. The CRP has initially formulated the research topics considered within four specific streams: A) Conventional cementitious systems; B) Novel cementitious materials and technologies; C) Testing and waste acceptance criteria; and D) Modelling long term behaviour.The CRP has analysed both barrier functions and interactions envisaged between various components with focus on predisposal stage of waste management. Cementation processes have achieved a high degree of acceptance and many processes are now regarded as technically mature. A large body of information is currently available on proven waste conditioning technologies although novel approaches are continuing to be devised.Most of the existing technologies have been developed for conditioning of large amounts of operational radioactive waste from nuclear power plants and other nuclear fuel cycle facilities. However new waste streams including those resulting from legacy and decommissioning activities required improved material performance and technologies.The most important outcome of CRP was the exchange of information and research co-operation between different institutions and has contributed towards general enhancement of safety by improving waste management practices and their efficiency. The paper presents the most important results and trends revealed by CRP participants. The research contributions of participating organizations will be published as country contributions in a forthcoming IAEA technical publication.
Modelling of the evolution of iron passivity: solving the moving boundaries problem
Authors: Martin Frantz A. , Bataillon Christian 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTIn the framework of long term prediction of corrosion in French geological repository systems, the modelling of the time evolution of the corrosion rate of iron over centuries is of high matter. The DPCM (Diffusion Poisson Coupled Model), implemented with the fully implicit CALIPSO numerical code can give access to the evolution of the oxide thickness grown on iron and the resulting corrosion rate. DPCM parameters for outer interfacial reactions have been set to fit to XANES experimental data provided by literature, and then the parameters for inner reaction rates have been evaluated from fitting to ellipsometry results taken from literature. The result is a good average fitting of the model to the experimental data.
Sorption of Pu(IV) and Tc(IV) on concrete and mortar and effect of the complexation by isosaccharinic acid.
Authors: Rojo H. , García-Gutiérrez M. , Missana T. , Galán H. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTBatch sorption experiments were carried out, in a glove box under N2 atmosphere, for analysing the effect of increasing ISA (isosaccharinic acid) concentrations on sorption of Tc(IV) and Pu(IV) onto previously characterised Spanish concrete and mortar used in a radioactive waste repository. Results clearly showed that concentrations of ISA around 10-4–10-3 M are able to decrease the distribution coefficients (Rd) of the tetravalent elements analysed, both on concrete and mortar. The decrease in Rd experimentally observed was approximately 2 orders of magnitude for technetium and between 3 and 5 orders of magnitude for plutonium.
Determining hydraulic properties of concrete and mortar by inverse modelling
Authors: Schneider Sébastien , Mallants Dirk , Jacques Diederik 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a methodology and results on estimating hydraulic properties of the concrete and mortar considered for the near surface disposal facility in Dessel, Belgium, currently in development by ONDRAF/NIRAS. In a first part, we estimated the van parameters for the water retention curve for concrete and mortar obtained by calibration (i.e. inverse modelling) of the van Genuchten model [1] to experimental water retention data [2]. Data consisted of the degree of saturation measured at different values of relative humidity. In the second part, water retention data and data from a capillary suction experiment on concrete and mortar cores was used jointly to successfully determine the van Genuchten retention parameters and the Mualem hydraulic conductivity parameters (including saturated hydraulic conductivity) by inverse modelling.
Modelling of a Generic Near-Surface Disposal System
Authors: Sileo Noelia R. , Fuentes Néstor O. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTDevelopment of numerical tools for performance assessment studies of radioactive waste disposal facilities, must address the management of the wide-ranging uncertainties associated with the long-term behaviour of these complex systems. Different approaches and assumptions are made in order to identify and describe relationships between the disposal system and its environment. They take into account, among other factors, the uncertainties associated with temporal evolution of the system within a proposed scenario; the landscape changes arising from future human actions, climate and geological events and processes; the relationships between components of the disposal system and its immediate environment; the behaviour and characteristics of radionuclides within the system and their role in contributing to radiation exposure. In all cases, the different scenario-based models are typically used to determine the radiological significance of potential future discharges from waste disposal facilities. However, it is important to keep always in mind that in any specific case, the purpose of developing and/or applying a model may vary from a simple calculation (e.g. to support concept development) to detailed site-specific performance assessment in support of a disposal license application. The assumptions and modelling simplifications that are appropriate to one type of calculation may not be so easily justified in different circumstances. In order to develop the capability of modelling different long-term scenarios for a generic disposal site for low and intermediate level radioactive wastes, implementation of models of both the near-field/geosphere and biosphere were performed using general approaches for geosphere-biosphere interface, with sub-models for the whole system.
Phosphate Inhibition Effect on Chloride-Induced Crevice Corrosion of Alloy 22
Authors: Miyagusuku Marcela , Carranza Ricardo M. , Rebak Raul B. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTAlloy 22 has been extensively studied regarding its crevice corrosion (CC) resistance both in pure chloride solutions and in solutions containing different oxyanions that may act as inhibitors of crevice corrosion. The scope of this work was to study the general and localized corrosion behavior of Alloy 22 when phosphate ions were added to a 1 M NaCl solution at 90°C. Results from the electrochemical tests indicate that the size of the passive potential range and the localized corrosion repassivation potential value increased in the presence of phosphate ions. Results from creviced specimens showed a strong inhibition effect of phosphate ions on the chloride induced crevice corrosion of Alloy 22. The critical molar concentration ratio (RCRIT = [phosphate]/[Cl]) to inhibit crevice corrosion was 0.3.
Radiocarbon measurements in cemented ion-exchange resins
Authors: Motiejunas Stasys , Vaidotas Algirdas , Mazeika Jonas , Skuratovic Zana , Vaitkeviciene Violeta 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTA large amount of liquid radioactive waste has been generated at the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant (NPP), Lithuania, during its operation. The contaminated liquids are treated with ion exchange-resins, which will generate significant waste stream for cementation. The cemented waste will be disposed of in a near-surface repository. The preliminary safety assessment uncovered that 14C is the most significant radionuclide affecting long-term safety of the closed repository. The method of combined acid striping and wet oxidation with subsequent catalytic combustion has been applied for 14C measurements in cemented ion-exchange resins. It allows separating organic and inorganic compounds from the same sample. At first, the inorganic fraction was extracted by adding acid to the sample followed by absorption of CO2 in a pair of alkali gas washed traps. The remaining carbon was extracted by application of a strong oxidizer. The preliminary results show that activity concentration of 14C in the solidified waste has an order of magnitude of tens and hundreds Bq per gram.
Development of High Resolution X-Ray CT Technique for Highly-Radioactive Material
Authors: Katsuyama Kozo , Ishimi Akihiro , Maeda Koji , Nagamine Tsuyoshi , Asaga Takeo 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTIn order to observe the structural change in the interior of irradiated fuel assembly, the non-destructive post irradiation examination technique using X-ray computer tomography (X-ray CT) was developed.In this X-ray CT system, the 12 MeV X-ray pulses were used in synchronization with the switch-in of the detector in order to minimize the effects of the gamma ray emissions from the irradiated fuel assembly then clear cross section CT image of irradiated fuel assembly could be successfully obtained. Also, this non-destructive technique can be applied to observe the inner condition of the high radioactive materials such as a radioactive waste.