bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
People with chronic facial pain perform worse than controls at a facial emotion recognition task, but it is not all about the emotion
Authors: von Piekartz H. , Wallwork S. B. , Mohr G. , Butler D. S. , Moseley G. L. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryAlexithymia, or a lack of emotional awareness, is prevalent in some chronic pain conditions and has been linked to poor recognition of others' emotions. Recognising others' emotions from their facial expression involves both emotional and motor processing, but the possible contribution of motor disruption has not been considered. It is possible that poor performance on emotional recognition tasks could reflect problems with emotional processing, motor processing or both. We hypothesised that people with chronic facial pain would be less accurate in recognising others' emotions from facial expressions, would be less accurate in a motor imagery task involving the face, and that performance on both tasks would be positively related. A convenience sample of 19 people (15 females) with chronic facial pain and 19 gender‐matched controls participated. They undertook two tasks; in the first task, they identified the facial emotion presented in a photograph. In the second, they identified whether the person in the image had a facial feature pointed towards their left or right side, a well‐recognised paradigm to induce implicit motor imagery. People with chronic facial pain performed worse than controls at both tasks (Facially Expressed Emotion Labelling (FEEL) task P < 0·001; left/right judgment task P < 0·001). Participants who were more accurate at one task were also more accurate at the other, regardless of group (P < 0·001, r2 = 0·523). Participants with chronic facial pain were worse than controls at both the FEEL emotion recognition task and the left/right facial expression task and performance covaried within participants. We propose that disrupted motor processing may underpin or at least contribute to the difficulty that facial pain patients have in emotion recognition and that further research that tests this proposal is warranted.
Overexpression of c‐fos promotes cell invasion and migration via CD44 pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Dong Cong , Ye Dong‐Xia , Zhang Wen‐Bin , Pan Hong‐Ya , Zhang Zhi‐Yuan , Zhang Lei 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most deadly malignant tumors with high invasive potential and frequently cervical lymph node metastasis. AP‐1 plays a critical role in tumor invasion and metastasis, but there are few reports on the role of c‐Fos in OSCC carcinogenesis and metastasis.MethodsInvestigate c‐Fos expression in clinical samples from 58 primary patients with OSCC by immunohistochemistry. c‐Fos knockdown stable cell lines were established by lentiviral infection and transwell cell invasion assay to detect the effects of c‐Fos knockdown on tumor cell invasion.ResultsNuclear and cytoplasmic c‐Fos protein were both overexpression in cancerous tissues compared with adjacent non‐malignant epithelia (nuclear: P < 0.001, cytoplasmic: P = 0.005). Higher level nuclear c‐Fos expression was found in the tumor samples of patients with lymph node metastasis than those without lymph node metastasis (4.85 ± 1.43 vs. 3.61 ± 1.28, P = 0.002). Higher level of c‐Fos expression was also found in tumor invasive front margin than tumor center and high nuclear expression of c‐Fos indicated poor survival. Knockdown of c‐Fos greatly suppressed tumor cell proliferation and invasion and downregulated CD44 and CyclinD1 expression in HN6 and SCC9 cells. However, CyclinD3, c‐myc, and Erk1/2 were found no changes to c‐Fos depletion.Conclusionsc‐Fos promoted cell invasion and migration via CD44 pathway in OSCC. c‐Fos could be used as a potential therapeutic target gene and an additional marker for evaluation of lymph node metastasis.
VALIDATION OF A DIETARY INTAKE TOOL FOR AFRICAN‐AMERICAN DIALYSIS PATIENTS WITH LOW LITERACY
Authors: Duffrin Christopher , Carraway‐Stage Virginia G. , Briley Alexis , Christiano Cynthia 
Published: December 2014

SUMMARYBackgroundThis study analysed the validity and reliability of a food frequency questionnaire designed for African‐American patients with low literacy. This instrument was designed specifically to meet the need for a tool that was short, easy to understand, and met clinical reliability and validity standards.ObjectivesAssessing patient nutritional status and dietary intake is crucial to the care of patients in end stage kidney disease. The development of a quick and reliable nutritional assessment tool for patients with low literacy could increase nutritional counselling effectiveness and improve patient outcomes.DesignThe renal food frequency questionnaire (RFF) and a standard 24‐hour recall were administered to a general population of African‐American patients undergoing dialysis. Registered Dieticians and statistical analyses were used to validate the content and structural validity and reliability of the RFF to adequately measure dietary intake.ParticipantsThe study sample consisted of 30 African‐American patients who received dialysis treatment at a regional teaching hospital facility.ResultsThe RFF was found to be a simple, easy to understand instrument with low reading complexity (grade level 4.4). Inter‐rater reliability was found to be high (.81–1.00), and statistical analysis determined a high level of clinical validity.ConclusionThe RFF was found to be a valid dietary recall tool that is appropriate for patients with limited literacy. It was found to have acceptable reliability and validity when compared with a standard 24‐hour recall and has potential for use as a dietary intake and monitoring tool in patients undergoing dialysis.
Evaluation of Inhibitory Effect of Organic and Inorganic Salts Against Ilyonectria liriodendri, The Causal Agent of Root Rot Disease of Kiwifruit
Authors: Türkkan Muharrem 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis study evaluated efficacy of 42 organic and inorganic salts as possible alternatives to synthetic fungicides for the control of Ilyonectria root rot of kiwifruit. Preliminary in vitro tests showed that ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate, potassium benzoate, potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate and sodium metabisulphite at 2% completely inhibited mycelial growth of the fungus. No significant differences were observed among these salts and disodium EDTA (P ≤ 0.05). However, the ED50, minimum inhibition concentration (MIC), and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values indicated that sodium metabisulphite was more toxic to Ilyonectria liriodendri than these other six salts. Soil bioassays showed that sodium metabisulphite, sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate at 0.25% completely inhibited mycelial growth of the fungus, whereas potassium benzoate reduced the mycelial growth of fungus by 90.30%; however, the differences in inhibitory effects were statistically insignificant (P ≤ 0.05). Moreover, there was no significant difference between 0.1% sodium metabisulphite and 0.5% ammonium carbonate, 0.75% ammonium bicarbonate and 1.5–2.0% disodium EDTA (P ≤ 0.05). Unlike disodium EDTA, complete inhibitory was observed with ammonium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate at higher concentrations. However, in root bioassays, applications of 2% ammonium bicarbonate, 1.5% ammonium carbonate and 2% disodium EDTA were phytotoxic to kiwifruit seedlings, but 0.25% four other salts were neither phytotoxic to kiwifruit seedlings nor did it adversely affect root length, root fresh weight and root dry weight of seedling. This study also showed I. liriodendri to be capable of growth in both acidic and basic environments. However, while the fungus showed uninhibited growth at pH values of 5–11, growth decreased significantly at both higher and lower pH values (P ≤ 0.05) and was completely inhibited at pH 12.
Effects of physical exercise programme on happiness among older people
Authors: Khazaee‐pool M. , Sadeghi R. , Majlessi F. , Rahimi Foroushani A. 
Published: December 2014

Accessible summary
This randomized‐controlled trial investigated the effect of physical exercise programme (PEP) on happiness among older adults in Nowshahr, Iran.
Results of this study on 120 male and female volunteers showed that an 8‐week group physical exercise programme was significantly effective in older adults' happiness.
Findings showed that physical exercise programme is so beneficial for increasing older adults' happiness.
AbstractPhysical activity is associated with well‐being and happiness. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an 8‐week long physical exercise programme (PEP) on happiness among older adults in Nowshahr, Iran. This was a randomized control trial study. The participants consisted of a group of 120 male and female volunteers (mean ± SD age: 71 ± 5.86 years) in a convenience sampling among older adults in public parks in Nowshahr, Iran. We randomly allocated them into experimental (n = 60) and control (n = 60) groups. A validated instrument was used to measure well‐being and happiness [Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI)]. Respondents were asked to complete the OHI before and 2 months after implementing PEP. The 8‐week PEP was implemented with the intervention group. The statistical analysis of the data was conducted using paired t‐test, Fisher's exact test and χ2. Before the intervention, there was no significant difference in the happiness mean score between the case and control groups; however, after implementing PEP, happiness significantly improved among the experimental group (P = 0.001) and did not improve within the control group (P = 0.79). It can be concluded that PEP had positive effects on happiness among older adults. Planning and implementing of physical activity is so important for older happiness.
The diagnostic utility of lymph node cytology samples in dogs and cats
Authors: Amores‐Fuster I. , Cripps P. , Graham P. , Marrington A. M. , Blackwood L. 
Published: December 2014

OBJECTIVESThe aim of this study was to determine common reasons for lymph node fine needle aspirates, cytological diagnoses reported and the frequency and reasons for non‐diagnostic samples from dogs and cats.METHODSRetrospective study of computerised records of fine needle aspirate samples submitted to NationWide Laboratories (UK) between April 2009 and May 2011 to identify lymph node samples. Reason for sampling, sample quality, diagnosis achieved and reason for non‐diagnostic samples were assessed.RESULTSA total of 1473 records were available for review. Of 1274 canine samples, 928 (72 · 8%) were diagnostic and 346 (27 · 2%) were non‐diagnostic. Of 199 feline samples, 171 (85 · 9%) samples were diagnostic and 28 (14 · 1%) were non‐diagnostic. The most common reasons for sample submission in both species were investigation of lymphadenopathy (alone or in combination with other clinical signs) or tumour staging. In dogs, the most common diagnosis was lymphoma (351, 27 · 5%), and in cats, reactive hyperplasia (63, 31 · 6%). Absence of cells, cell disruption and low yield were the most common causes of non‐diagnostic samples. Submission of the history did not affect the probability of reaching a cytological diagnosis.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCELymph node cytology is a useful diagnostic procedure but educating veterinarians to improve sampling and smearing may increase diagnostic yield.
Metabolomics reveals that aldose reductase activity due to AKR1B10 is upregulated in hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Semmo N. , Weber T. , Idle J. R. , Beyoğlu D. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryTo understand the changes in the metabolome of hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐infected persons, we conducted a metabolomic investigation in both plasma and urine of 30 HCV‐positive individuals using plasmas from 30 HCV‐negative blood donors and urines from 30 healthy volunteers. Samples were analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and data subjected to multivariate analysis. The plasma metabolomic phenotype of HCV‐positive persons was found to have elevated glucose, mannose and oleamide, together with depressed plasma lactate. The urinary metabolomic phenotype of HCV‐positive persons comprised reduced excretion of fructose and galactose combined with elevated urinary excretion of 6‐deoxygalactose (fucose) and the polyols sorbitol, galactitol and xylitol. HCV‐infected persons had elevated galactitol/galactose and sorbitol/glucose urinary ratios, which were highly correlated. These observations pointed to enhanced aldose reductase activity, and this was confirmed by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction with AKR1B10 gene expression elevated sixfold in the liver. In contrast, AKR1B1 gene expression was reduced 40% in HCV‐positive livers. Interestingly, persons who were formerly HCV infected retained the metabolomic phenotype of HCV infection without reverting to the HCV‐negative metabolomic phenotype. This suggests that the effects of HCV on hepatic metabolism may be long lived. Hepatic AKR1B10 has been reported to be elevated in hepatocellular carcinoma and in several premalignant liver diseases. It would appear that HCV infection alone increases AKR1B10 expression, which manifests itself as enhanced urinary excretion of polyols with reduced urinary excretion of their corresponding hexoses. What role the polyols play in hepatic pathophysiology of HCV infection and its sequelae is currently unknown.
Structural Variation of Prostate Urethra Reflected by the Ratio Between Prostate Volume and Prostatic Urethral Length is Associated with the Degrees of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms
Authors: KO Young Hwii , SONG Phil Hyun 
Published: December 2014

ObjectivesBecause it is well known that the prostate volume is not directly associated with the degrees of lower urinary tract symptom (LUTS), we hypothesized that change of the prostatic urethra led by prostatic enlargement as missing links between them. To provide an integral description, we determined the ratio between prostate volume and prostatic urethral length (RPVL), and investigated its clinical implication.MethodsProstate volume, prostatic urethral length, RPVL was measured from transrectal ultrasonography for 213 consecutive patients. The degree of LUTS was investigated using the international prostate symptom score (IPSS) and uroflowmetry, then the correlations were analyzed.ResultsWhile no variables were significantly linked with total IPSS, obstructive symptoms (IPSS Q247) showed a negative association (r = −0.3, P < 0.001) and irritative symptoms (IPSS Q1356) showed a positive association solely with RPVL (r = 0.186, P = 0.007). These relevancies were enhanced (r = −0.471 [P = <0.001] and 0.3 [P = 0.004], respectively) in patients with a larger prostate (over 30 g, n = 93), but disappeared in their smaller counterparts (below 30 g, n = 120), (r = −0.133 [P = 0.143] and 0.75 [P = 0.410], respectively). In uroflowmetry, prostate urethral length showed positive correlation (r = 0.319 [P < 0.001]), and RPVL showed negative correlation (r = −0.195 [P = 0.004]) with post voiding residual amount, but these relationships similarly vanished in men with a smaller prostate.ConclusionsThe structural variation of the prostatic urethra within the prostate reflected by RPVL showed correlation with the degree of LUTS, with a tendency toward increasing prostatic urethra in obstructive and decreasing prostatic urethra in irritative symptoms, in men with a relatively large prostate.
Study of microRNA in diabetic nephropathy: Isolation, quantification and biological function
Authors: Kantharidis Phillip , Hagiwara Shinji , Brennan Eoin , McClelland Aaron D. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn recent years, several studies have reported dysregulation of microRNA expression in disease with a growing interest focussed on targeting microRNAs as a novel therapy for human disease. This is especially true in diabetic nephropathy where the expression of several microRNAs is dysregulated, contributing to the increased expression and accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins and increased pro‐fibrotic signalling, ultimately resulting in renal fibrosis. The development of various techniques and microRNA reagents has enabled work to progress very rapidly in this area. In the present article, the authors describe the methods they have used that have enabled them to contribute to our current understanding of the role of microRNAs in diabetic nephropathy.
Icodextrin decreases technique failure and improves patient survival in peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Wang I‐Kuan , Li Yu‐Fen , Chen Jin‐Hua , Liang Chih‐Chia , Liu Yao‐Lung , Lin Hsin‐Hung , Chang Chiz‐Tzung , Tsai Wen‐Chen , Yen Tzung‐Hai , Huang Chiu‐Ching 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimIt remains unclear whether long‐term daily icodextrin use can decrease technique failure and improve survival in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether icodextrin use, once daily, can decrease technique failure and prolong patient survival in incident PD patients.MethodsIncident PD patients who survived more than 90 days were recruited from the China Medical University Hospital, Taiwan, between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2011. All patients were followed until transfer to haemodialysis (HD), renal transplantation, transfer to another centre, death, or 31 December 2011.ResultsA total of 306 incident PD patients (89 icodextrin users, 217 icodextrin non‐users) were recruited during the study period. Icodextrin users were more likely to have hypertension, diabetes and high or high‐average peritoneal transport compared with non‐users. During the follow‐up period, 43 patients were transferred to HD: seven (7.87%) of the icodextrin group, and 36 (16.59%) of the non‐icodextrin group. Thirty‐two patients died during the follow‐up period: five (5.62%) of the icodextrin group, and 27 (12.44%) of the non‐icodextrin group. Icodextrin use was significantly associated with a better prognosis, in terms of technique failure (adjusted HR = 0.32; 95% CI = 0.14–0.72). With regard to patient survival, icodextrin use (adjusted HR = 0.33; 95% CI = 0.12–0.87) was associated with a significantly lower risk of death.ConclusionThe use of icodextrin once daily may decrease technique failure and improve survival in incident PD patients.
The advance nurse practitioner in critical care: a workload evaluation
Authors: Jackson Audrey , Carberry Martin 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe Advanced Nurse Practitioner in Critical Care role was developed to support the critical care team by undertaking specific roles traditionally associated with medical staff in the intensive care unit and high dependency unit. The rationale for the evaluation was to establish the specific tasks undertaken and scope of workload of these newly created posts.AimsTo report on an evaluation of the specific activities, workload and patterns of prescribing of advanced nursing practice posts within a critical care settingsMethodsA data collection form was designed to capture clinically and patient‐related activities of these post‐holders. Data from 1 week were recorded on one post‐holder and subsequently analysed. During the evaluation the nurse practitioners worked with the consultant anaesthetist. Data were entered into Microsoft Excel and analysed using descriptive statistics.ResultsThe intensive care and high dependency unit ward round attributed to 46% of the nurse practitioners weekly activity and mainly consisted of patient assessments and prescribing. The rest of the time was mainly split between documentation and unsupervised patient assessments.DiscussionThe nurse practitioners contributed to the majority of interventions traditionally performed by anaesthetic trainees. Independent patient assessment was highlighted as a significant part of that workload (12%). The evaluation also highlighted the broad nature required of nurse practitioner prescribing and thus reinforced the strategic decision not to introduce a restricted formulary.ConclusionAdvanced nurse practitioners in critical care effectively carried out the traditional medical tasks in which they were trained. As already experienced nurses with new enhanced skills they successfully contributed to and enhanced the delivery of care to the critically ill.
Molecular basis of angiosperm tree architecture
Authors: Hollender Courtney A. , Dardick Chris 
Published: December 2014

SummaryThe architecture of trees greatly impacts the productivity of orchards and forestry plantations. Amassing greater knowledge on the molecular genetics that underlie tree form can benefit these industries, as well as contribute to basic knowledge of plant developmental biology. This review describes the fundamental components of branch architecture, a prominent aspect of tree structure, as well as genetic and hormonal influences inferred from studies in model plant systems and from trees with non‐standard architectures. The bulk of the molecular and genetic data described here is from studies of fruit trees and poplar, as these species have been the primary subjects of investigation in this field of science.

Contents

Summary
541

I.
Introduction
541

II.
Components of tree architecture
542

III.
Tree architecture categorizations
546

IV.
The molecular basis for non‐standard tree architectures
547

V.
Conclusions
552

Acknowledgements
552

References
553
Effects of bariatric surgery for knee complaints in (morbidly) obese adult patients: a systematic review
Authors: Groen V. A , van de Graaf V. A. , Scholtes V. A. B. , Sprague S. , van Wagensveld B. A , Poolman R. W. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryObesity is a major risk factor for the development of knee osteoarthritis, and over the past 30 years the prevalence of obesity has more than doubled. In an advanced‐stage knee osteoarthritis is treated with total knee arthroplasty, and the demand for primary total knee arthroplasties is expected to grow exponentially. However, total knee arthroplasty in obese patients is associated with more complications, longer hospital stay and higher costs. We aimed to determine the effects of bariatric surgery on knee complaints in (morbidly) obese (body mass index >30 kg m−2) adult patients. The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, TRIP, BIOSIS‐Previews and reference lists of retrieved publications were systematically searched from earliest available up to 20 April 2014 for any English, German, French and Dutch studies. There was no restriction on study design. We included studies on the effect of surgically induced weight reduction on knee complaints in (morbidly) obese adult patients, with a minimal follow‐up of 3 months. Studies on the effects of lipectomy or liposuction and studies in which patients had already received a total knee arthroplasty were excluded. Thirteen studies were included in this systematic review with a total of 3,837 patients. Although different assessment tools were used, an overall significant improvement in knee pain was seen in 73% out of the used assessments. All studies measuring intensity of knee pain, knee physical function and knee stiffness showed a significant improvement after bariatric surgery. The quality of evidence was very low or too low for most of the included studies and moderate for one study. Bariatric surgery with subsequent marked weight loss is likely to improve knee pain, physical function and stiffness in (morbidly) obese adult patients. However, with the current available evidence, there is need for high‐quality studies.