bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Highly Efficient and Broadly Applicable Cationic Gold Catalyst
Authors: Malhotra Deepika , Mashuta Mark S. , Hammond Gerald B. , Xu Bo 
Published: March 2014

AbstractGold catalysts capable of promoting reactions at low‐level loadings under mild conditions are the exception rather than the norm. We examined reactions where the regeneration of cationic gold catalyst (e.g., protodeauration) was the turnover limiting stage. By manipulating electron density on the substituents around phosphorus and introducing steric handles we designed a phosphine ligand that contains two electron‐rich ortho‐biphenyl groups and a cyclohexyl substituent. This ligand formed a gold complex that catalyzed common types of gold‐catalyzed reactions including intra‐ and intermolecular XH (X=C, N, O) additions to alkynes and cycloisomerizations, with high turnover numbers at room temperature or slightly elevated temperatures (≤50 °C). Our new ligand can be prepared in one step from commercially available starting materials.
Asymmetric Hydrogenation of α,β‐Unsaturated Nitriles with Base‐Activated Iridium N,P Ligand Complexes
Authors: Müller Marc‐André , Pfaltz Andreas 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAlthough many chiral catalysts are known that allow highly enantioselective hydrogenation of a wide range of olefins, no suitable catalysts for the asymmetric hydrogenation of α,β‐unsaturated nitriles have been reported so far. We have found that Ir N,P ligand complexes, which under normal conditions do not show any reactivity towards α,β‐unsaturated nitriles, become highly active catalysts upon addition of N,N‐diisopropylethylamine. The base‐activated catalysts enable conjugate reduction of α,β‐unsaturated nitriles with H2 at low catalyst loadings, affording the corresponding saturated nitriles with high conversion and excellent enantioselectivity. In contrast, alkenes lacking a conjugated cyano group do not react under these conditions, making it possible to selectively reduce the conjugated CC bond of an α,β‐unsaturated nitrile, while leaving other types of CC bonds in the molecule intact.
New filtrate loss controller based on poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐vinyl acetate)
Authors: Nunes Rita de Cassia P. , Pires Renata V. , Lucas Elizabete F. , Vianna Angelo , Lomba Rosana 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThe drilling of petroleum wells requires the use of suitable drilling fluids to ensure efficient operation without causing rock damage. Specific polymers have been used to control infiltration during drilling, to reduce operational problems. In this study, spherical microparticles of poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐vinyl acetate) were synthesized (by suspension polymerization), characterized, and evaluated in terms of their performance in controlling filtrate loss of aqueous fluids. A filter press test with ceramic disk, simulating the rock, was used. The performance of the synthesized materials was compared with commercial polymers. It was observed that the performance of the material is directly associated with the relation between particle size and pore size of the rock specimen. Furthermore, for a suitable particle size, the rubbery characteristic of the material produces a more efficient filter cake, for filtrate control. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40646.
Active Cooperative Observation of A 3D Moving Target Using Two Dynamical Monocular Vision Sensors
Authors: Gu Feng , He Yuqing , Han Jianda 
Published: March 2014

AbstractVision‐based 3D moving target observation (3D‐VMTO) is a central problem in the field of mobile robotics. In this paper, a new 3D‐VMTO method called active cooperative observation is proposed through cooperation among two dynamical monocular vision sensors (MVSs). Under this method, an algorithm based on an extended set‐membership filter is designed to fuse observations from different MVSs. An optimal observation condition is then introduced as the constraint into the relative velocity coordinates based path planning scheme, so as to reduce the influence of relative positioning among MVSs and their target on cooperative observation results. Experiments on a multiple rotor‐flying‐robots testbed demonstrate the validity and feasibility of the proposed method.
Improved Stability Criteria for Linear Neutral Time‐Delay Systems
Authors: Xia Hongwei , Zhao Pingping , Li Li , Wang Yanmin , Wu Aiguo 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the problem of stability analysis of linear neutral time delay systems. First, a new simple Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional is constructed based on delay partitioning approach, then, a novel improved delay‐dependent stability criterion is established to guarantee the asymptotic stability of the neutral system. The obtained stability criterion is expressed in terms of linear matrix inequalities, which can be verified easily by means of standard software. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method and the advantage over some existing results.
Optimal (r,N)‐policy for discrete‐time Geo ∕ G ∕ 1 queue with different input rate and setup time
Authors: Luo Chuanyi , Tang Yinghui , Yu Kaizhi , Ding Chuan 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis paper presents a queue‐length analysis of Geo ∕ G ∕ 1 queue with (r,N)‐policy and different input rate. Using a different method, the recursive expressions of queue‐length distribution at different epochs are obtained. Furthermore, some performance measures are also investigated. Finally, the Tabu search algorithm is used to search the joint optimum value of (r,N), which minimizes the state‐dependent operating cost. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Metallic Sn in NiO/SnO2 Nanocomposite
Authors: Hua Chunxiu , Fang Xiangpeng , Wang Zhaoxiang , Chen Liquan 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIt is well accepted that metallic tin as a discharge (reduction) product of SnOx cannot be electrochemically oxidized below 3.00 V versus Li+/Li0 due to the high stability of Li2O, though a similar oxidation can usually occur for a transition metal formed from the corresponding oxide. In this work, nanosized Ni2SnO4 and NiO/SnO2 nanocomposite were synthesized by coprecipitation reactions and subsequent heat treatment. Owing to the catalytic effect of nanosized metallic nickel, metallic tin can be electrochemically oxidized to SnO2 below 3.00 V. As a result, the reversible lithium‐storage capacities of the nanocomposite reach 970 mAh g−1 or above, much higher than the theoretical capacity (ca. 750 mAh g−1) of SnO2, NiO, or their composites. These findings extend the well‐known electrochemical conversion reaction to non‐transition‐metal compounds and may have important applications, for example, in constructing high‐capacity electrode materials and efficient catalysts.
Prevalence and clinical implications of cyclin D1 expression in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treated with immunochemotherapy: A report from the International DLBCL Rituximab‐CHOP Consortium Program
Authors: Ok Chi Young , Xu‐Monette Zijun Y. , Tzankov Alexandar , O'Malley Dennis P. , Montes‐Moreno Santiago , Visco Carlo , Møller Michael B. , Dybkær Karen , Orazi Attilio , Zu Youli , Bhagat Govind , Richards Kristy L. , Hsi Eric D. , Han van Krieken J. , Ponzoni Maurilio , Farnen John P. , Piris Miguel A. , Winter Jane N. , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Young Ken H. 
Published: March 2014

BACKGROUNDCyclin D1 expression has been reported in a subset of patients with diffuse large B‐cell leukemia (DLBCL), but studies have been few and generally small, and they have demonstrated no obvious clinical implications attributable to cyclin D1 expression.METHODSThe authors reviewed 1435 patients who were diagnosed with DLBCL as part of the International DLBCL rituximab with cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R‐CHOP) Consortium Program and performed clinical, immunohistochemical, and genetic analyses with a focus on cyclin D1. All patients who were cyclin D1‐positive according to immunohistochemistry were also assessed for rearrangements of the cyclin D1 gene (CCND1) using fluorescence in situ hybridization. Gene expression profiling was performed to compare patients who had DLBCL with and without cyclin D1 expression.RESULTSIn total, 30 patients (2.1%) who had DLBCL that expressed cyclin D1 and lacked CCND1 gene rearrangements were identified. Patients with cyclin D1‐positive DLBCL had a median age of 57 years (range, 16.0‐82.6 years). There were 23 males and 7 females. Twelve patients (40%) had bulky disease. None of them expressed CD5. Two patients expressed cyclin D2. Gene expression profiling indicated that 17 tumors were of the germinal center type, and 13 were of the activated B‐cell type. Genetic aberrations of B‐cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (BCL2), BCL6, v‐myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (MYC), mouse double minute 2 oncogene E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (MDM2), MDM4, and tumor protein 53 (TP53) were rare or absent. Gene expression profiling did not reveal any striking differences with respect to cyclin D1 in DLBCL.CONCLUSIONSCompared with patients who had cyclin D1‐negative DLBCL, men were more commonly affected with cyclin D1‐positive DLBCL, and they were significantly younger. There were no other significant differences in clinical presentation, pathologic features, overall survival, or progression‐free survival between these two subgroups of patients with DLBCL. Cancer 2014;120:1818–1829. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Self‐Assembly of Nanocellulose and Indomethacin into Hierarchically Ordered Structures with High Encapsulation Efficiency for Sustained Release Applications
Authors: Gao Jiali , Li Qing , Chen Wenshuai , Liu Yixing , Yu Haipeng 
Published: March 2014

AbstractCellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were isolated from poplar wood by using a mild chemical pretreatment combined with a high‐intensity ultrasonication method. The as‐prepared CNFs were used as a template to load indomethacin (IMC). With the nucleation and growth of IMC on the surfaces of CNFs and CNF clusters, CNF/IMC composite fibers were eventually fabricated. The effects of solvent and processing method on the structures of the composite fibers were analyzed in terms of morphology, surface charge, and crystal form. Drug‐release characteristics of the composite fibers were evaluated by dissolution tests, in which the drug‐releasing curves of the composite fibers were fitted to a mathematical model describing the releasing kinetics. The experimental results demonstrated that the composite fibers possessed an encapsulation efficiency of up to 97 %, and a sustained drug‐release period of over 30 days.
Common Factor Mechanisms in Clinical Practice and Their Relationship with Outcome
Authors: Gaitan‐Sierra Carolina , Hyland Michael E. 
Published: March 2014

This study investigates three common factor mechanisms that could affect outcome in clinical practice: response expectancy, the affective expectation model and motivational concordance. Clients attending a gestalt therapy clinic (30 clients), a sophrology (therapeutic technique) clinic (33 clients) and a homeopathy clinic (31 clients) completed measures of expectancy and the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) before their first session. After 1 month, they completed PANAS and measures of intrinsic motivation, perceived effort and empowerment. Expectancy was not associated with better outcome and was no different between treatments. Although some of the 54 clients who endorsed highest expectations showed substantial improvement, others did not: 19 had no change or deteriorated in positive affect, and 18 had the same result for negative affect. Intrinsic motivation independently predicted changes in negative affect (β = −0.23). Intrinsic motivation (β = 0.24), effort (β = 0.23) and empowerment (β = 0.20) independently predicted positive affect change. Expectancy (β = −0.17) negatively affected changes in positive affect. Clients found gestalt and sophrology to be more intrinsically motivating, empowering and effortful compared with homeopathy. Greater improvement in mood was found for sophrology and gestalt than for homeopathy clients. These findings are inconsistent with response expectancy as a common factor mechanism in clinical practice. The results support motivational concordance (outcome influenced by the intrinsic enjoyment of the therapy) and the affective expectation model (high expectations can lead for some clients to worse outcome). When expectancy correlates with outcome in some other studies, this may be due to confound between expectancy and intrinsic enjoyment. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

Common factors play an important role in outcome.
Intrinsic enjoyment of a therapeutic treatment is associated with better outcome.
Active engagement with a therapeutic treatment improves outcome.
Unrealistic expectations about a therapeutic treatment can have a negative impact on outcome.
Self‐Assembly Properties of NCN Pincer Palladium(II) Complexes Bearing a Uracil Moiety
Authors: Moriuchi Toshiyuki , Ohata Ryohei , Sakamoto Yuki , Hirao Toshikazu 
Published: March 2014

AbstractNCN pincer palladium(II) complexes bearing a 6‐ethynyl‐1‐octyluracil moiety were designed by the combination of an NCN pincer palladium(II) complexes as an organometallic compound and a uracil derivative as a nucleobase to afford bioorganometallic compounds. The reaction of the NCN pincer ligand with Pd(dba)2 (dba = dibenzylideneacetone) led to the formation of the NCN pincer palladium(II) complex Pd‐Br. The crystal structure of the cationic complex Pd‐MeCN, which was prepared by the treatment of Pd‐Br with AgOTf (OTf = trifluoromethanesulfonate) in acetonitrile, revealed that a dimeric structure formed through intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the uracil moieties of two independent molecules. The self‐assembly properties of the NCN pincer palladium(II) complexes were found to depend on the ancillary ligands. Each hydrogen‐bonded dimer was connected through an intermolecular hydrogen‐bonding bridge between the coordinated water molecule and the triflate anion in the cationic complex Pd‐H2O. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the uracil moiety and the triflate anion bound to the palladium center was observed in the NCN pincer palladium(II) complex Pd‐OTf, although a dimeric structure between the uracil moieties was formed in the NCN pincer palladium(II) complex Pd‐O2CCF3, which was obtained by the abstraction of the bromide ion from Pd‐Br with AgO2CCF3.
Total protein quantitation using the bicinchoninic acid assay and gradient elution moving boundary electrophoresis
Authors: Kralj Jason G. , Munson Matthew S. , Ross David 
Published: March 2014

We investigated the ability of gradient elution moving boundary electrophoresis (GEMBE) with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D) to assay total protein concentration using the bicinchoninic acid (BCA) reaction. We chose this format because GEMBE‐C4D behaves as a concentration dependent detection system, unlike optical methods that also rely on pathlength (due to Beer's law). This system tolerates proteins well compared with other capillary electrophoretic methods, allowing the capillary to be reused without coatings or additional hydroxide wash steps. The typical reaction protocol was modified by reducing the pH slightly from 11.25 to 9.4, which enabled elimination of tartrate from the reagents. We estimated that copper (I) could be detected at approximately 3.0 μmol/L, which agrees with similar GEMBE and CZE systems utilizing C4D. Under conditions similar to the BCA “micro method” assay, we determined the LOD for three common proteins (insulin, BSA, and bovine gamma globulin) and found that they agree well with the existing spectroscopic detection methods. Further, we investigated how long reaction times impact the LOD and found that the conversion was proportional to log(time). This indicated that little sensitivity is gained by extending the reaction past 1 h. Hence, GEMBE provides an alternative platform for total protein assays while maintaining the excellent sensitivity of the optical‐based methods.
Antipsychotic medication use in nursing homes: a proposed measure of quality
Authors: Lucas Judith A. , Chakravarty Sujoy , Bowblis John R. , Gerhard Tobias , Kalay Ece , Paek Eun Kwang , Crystal Stephen 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveThe potential misuse of antipsychotic medications (APMs) is an ongoing quality concern in nursing homes (NHs), especially given recent black box warnings and other evidence regarding the risk of APMs when used in NH populations. One mechanism regulators could use is public reporting of APM use by NHs; however, there is currently no agreed‐upon measure of guideline‐inconsistent APM use. In this paper, we describe a proposed measure of quality of APM use that is based on Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Interpretive Guidelines, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) indications for APMs, and severity of behavioral symptoms.MethodsThe proposed measure identifies NH residents who receive an APM but do not have an approved indication for APM use. We demonstrate the feasibility of this measure using data from Medicaid‐eligible long‐stay residents aged 65 years and older in seven states. Using multivariable logistic regressions, we compare it to the current CMS Nursing Home Compare quality measure.ResultsWe find that nearly 52% of residents receiving an APM lack indications approved by CMS/FDA guidelines compared with 85% for the current CMS quality measure. APM guideline‐inconsistent use rates vary significantly across resident and facility characteristics, and states. Only our measure correlates with another quality indicator in that facilities with higher deficiencies have significantly higher odds of APM use. Predictors of inappropriate use are found to be consistent with other measures of NH quality, supporting the validity of our proposed measure.ConclusionThe proposed measure provides an important foundation to improve APM prescribing practices without penalizing NHs when there are limited alternative treatments available. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trend analyses with river sediment rating curves
Authors: Warrick Jonathan A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSediment rating curves, which are fitted relationships between river discharge (Q) and suspended‐sediment concentration (C), are commonly used to assess patterns and trends in river water quality. In many of these studies, it is assumed that rating curves have a power‐law form (i.e.C = aQb, whereaandbare fitted parameters). Two fundamental questions about the utility of these techniques are assessed in this paper: (i) how well to the parameters,aandb, characterize trends in the data, and (ii) are trends in rating curves diagnostic of changes to river water or sediment discharge? As noted in previous research, the offset parameter,a, is not an independent variable for most rivers but rather strongly dependent onbandQ. Here, it is shown thatais a poor metric for trends in the vertical offset of a rating curve, and a new parameter,â, as determined by the discharge‐normalized power function [C = â(Q/QGM)b], whereQGMis the geometric mean of theQ‐values sampled, provides a better characterization of trends. However, these techniques must be applied carefully, because curvature in the relationship between log(Q) and log(C), which exists for many rivers, can produce false trends inâandb. Also, it is shown that trends inâandbare not uniquely diagnostic of river water or sediment supply conditions. For example, an increase inâcan be caused by an increase in sediment supply, a decrease in water supply or a combination of these conditions. Large changes in water and sediment supplies can occur without any change in the parameters,âandb. Thus, trend analyses using sediment rating curves must include additional assessments of the time‐dependent rates and trends of river water, sediment concentrations and sediment discharge. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.Hydrological Processespublished by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Exposure to parabens at the concentration of maximal proliferative response increases migratory and invasive activity of human breast cancer cells in vitro
Authors: Khanna Sugandha , Dash Philip R. , Darbre Philippa D. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTAlkyl esters of p–hydroxybenzoic acid (parabens) are widely used as preservatives in personal care products, foods and pharmaceuticals. Their oestrogenic activity, their measurement in human breast tissue and their ability to drive proliferation of oestrogen‐responsive human breast cancer cells has opened a debate on their potential to influence breast cancer development. As proliferation is not the only hallmark of cancer cells, we have investigated the effects of exposure to parabens at concentrations of maximal proliferative response on migratory and invasive properties using three oestrogen‐responsive human breast cancer cell lines (MCF‐7, T‐47‐D, ZR‐75‐1). Cells were maintained short‐term (1 week) or long‐term (20 ± 2 weeks) in phenol‐red‐free medium containing 5% charcoal‐stripped serum with no addition, 10–8 M 17β‐oestradiol, 1–5 × 10–4 M methylparaben, 10‐5 M n‐propylparaben or 10–5 M n‐butylparaben. Long‐term exposure (20 ± 2 weeks) of MCF‐7 cells to methylparaben, n‐propylparaben or n‐butylparaben increased migration as measured using a scratch assay, time‐lapse microscopy and xCELLigence technology: invasive properties were found to increase in matrix degradation assays and migration through matrigel on xCELLigence. Western immunoblotting showed an associated downregulation of E‐cadherin and β‐catenin in the long‐term paraben‐exposed cells which could be consistent with a mechanism involving epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Increased migratory activity was demonstrated also in long‐term paraben‐exposed T‐47‐D and ZR‐75‐1 cells using a scratch assay and time‐lapse microscopy. This is the first report that in vitro, parabens can influence not only proliferation but also migratory and invasive properties of human breast cancer cells. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Teneurin‐4, a transmembrane protein, is a novel regulator that suppresses chondrogenic differentiation
Authors: Suzuki Nobuharu , Mizuniwa Chihiro , Ishii Kana , Nakagawa Yusuke , Tsuji Kunikazu , Muneta Takeshi , Sekiya Ichiro , Akazawa Chihiro 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTTeneurin‐4 (Ten‐4), a transmembrane protein, is expressed in the nervous systems and the mesenchymal tissues, including the cartilage. However, the Ten‐4 function in cartilage development remains unknown. Here, we showed that Ten‐4 is a novel regulator of chondrogenesis. In situ hybridization analysis revealed that Ten‐4 was highly expressed in the mesenchymal condensation area of the mouse femur at embryonic day (E) 13.5, while its expression was decreased in the growth plate of the femur at E18.5. Using the cartilage‐like pellet culture of human synovial mesenchymal cells, Ten‐4 expression was induced and peaked 7 days after induction of differentiation, while a production of type II and X collagens was increased after Day 14. In the cartilage‐like pellet, Ten‐4 was highly expressed in the less differentiated region. In the chondrogenic cell line ATDC5, knockdown of Ten‐4 expression significantly increased the alcian blue staining and expression levels of aggrecan and type II and X collagens. Further, an elevated expression of Sox6, Sox9, and Runx2 and an attenuation of the ERK activation were observed in the Ten‐4‐knockdown ATDC5 cells. These results suggested that Ten‐4 suppresses chondrogenic differentiation and regulates the expression and activation of the key molecules for chondrogenesis. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:915–922, 2014.