bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluative Measurement Properties of the Patient-Specific Functional Scale for Primary Shoulder Complaints in Physical Therapy Practice
Authors: Koehorst Marije L.S. , van Trijffel Emiel , Lindeboom Robert 
Published: July 2014

Study Design Clinical measurement, longitudinal. Objectives To assess the test-retest reliability, construct validity, and responsiveness of the Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS) in patients with a primary shoulder complaint. Background Health measurement outcomes have become increasingly important for evaluating treatment. Patient-specific questionnaires are useful tools for determining treatment goals and evaluating treatment in individual patients. These questionnaires have not yet been validated in patients with nonspecific shoulder pain. Methods Patients completed the PSFS, the numeric pain rating scale, and the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index at baseline, and after 1 week and 4 to 6 weeks. Test-retest reliability was determined using intraclass correlation coefficients. To assess convergent validity, change scores of the PSFS were correlated with the numeric pain rating scale and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index change scores. Responsiveness was assessed by calculating the area under the curve, the minimal clinically important change, and minimal detectable change, using the global rating of change as an external criterion. Results Fifty patients (37 men; mean age, 47.7 years) participated in the study. Reliability was high (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72, 0.94). The correlations between the change scores of the PSFS and those of the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index and numeric pain rating scale were 0.45 (95% CI: 0.17, 0.80) and 0.55 (95% CI: 0.29, 0.73), respectively. The area under the curve for the PSFS was 0.67 (95% CI: 0.51, 0.83). The minimal detectable change and minimal clinically important change were 0.97 and 1.29 points, respectively. Conclusion These results suggest that the PSFS is a reliable, valid, and responsive instrument that can be used as an evaluative instrument in patients with a primary shoulder complaint. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(8):595–603. Epub 16 July 2014. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.5133
CCR5 Knockout Prevents Neuronal Injury and Behavioral Impairment Induced in a Transgenic Mouse Model by a CXCR4-Using HIV-1 Glycoprotein 120
Authors: Maung Ricky , Hoefer Melanie M. , Sanchez Ana B. , Sejbuk Natalia E. , Medders Kathryn E. , Desai Maya K. , Catalan Irene C. , Dowling Cari C. , de Rozieres Cyrus M. , Garden Gwenn A. , Russo Rossella , Roberts Amanda J. , Williams Roy , Kaul Marcus 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The innate immune system has been implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases, including HIV-1–associated dementia. In this study, we show that genetic ablation of CCR5 prevents microglial activation and neuronal damage in a transgenic model of HIV-associated brain injury induced by a CXCR4-using viral envelope gp120. The CCR5 knockout (KO) also rescues spatial learning and memory in gp120-transgenic mice. However, the CCR5KO does not abrogate astrocytosis, indicating it can occur independently from neuronal injury and behavioral impairment. To characterize further the neuroprotective effect of CCR5 deficiency we performed a genome-wide gene expression analysis of brains from HIVgp120tg mice expressing or lacking CCR5 and nontransgenic controls. A comparison with a human brain microarray study reveals that brains of HIVgp120tg mice and HIV patients with neurocognitive impairment share numerous differentially regulated genes. Furthermore, brains of CCR5 wild-type and CCR5KO gp120tg mice express markers of an innate immune response. One of the most significantly upregulated factors is the acute phase protein lipocalin-2 (LCN2). Using cerebrocortical cell cultures, we find that LCN2 is neurotoxic in a CCR5-dependent fashion, whereas inhibition of CCR5 alone is not sufficient to abrogate neurotoxicity of a CXCR4-using gp120. However, the combination of pharmacologic CCR5 blockade and LCN2 protects neurons from toxicity of a CXCR4-using gp120, thus recapitulating the finding in CCR5-deficient gp120tg mouse brain. Our study provides evidence for an indirect pathologic role of CCR5 and a novel protective effect of LCN2 in combination with inhibition of CCR5 in HIV-associated brain injury.
The Use of the Concept of Reciprocity for the Interpretation of Contemporary Advanced Industrial Societies: Ambiguities and Assets
Authors: Mingione Enzo 
Published: July 2014

The author rejects an mechanical application of reciprocity foranalysing social relations, both in past and current contexts. As the norm of reci­ procity is often invoked by the actors themselves, the research can reproduce actors' interested representations of their relations. The paper indicates some of the pro­blems involved.
Organizar: suspensión de la moralidad y reciprocidad negativa
Authors: Moreno Feliú Paz 
Published: July 2014

Taking the concept of reciprocity as its starting point of discussion,the author proposes the analysis of negative reciprocity as a necessary and substanti­ ve aspect of the general concept of reciprocity. Reciprocity is based on a shared mora­ lity in its positive forms and on the break, reverse or suspension of the moral order in its negative forms. The discussion is based on the ethnographic account of the so­ cial relations present among inmates in the Auschwitz concentration camp. The Auschwitz extreme case provides on the one hand, a whole range of nuances and complex articulations regarding different orders of morality, transftr of resources and power hierarchies. On the other, it shows the usefolness of a concept of recipro­city that incorporates the negative side of reciprocal relations.
El uso de instrumentos científicos en los primeros vuelos aerostáticos tripulados
Authors: Molina García Juan Alberto 
Published: July 2014

After the Montgolfier's invention of a hot-air balloon at the end of the 18th century, the success of the first manned-flight in an hydrogen balloon by the french physicist Charles on Ist december 1783, supposed the begining of a series of experiences on board of such aerial devices that would lead to a progresive knowledge of the behaviour of the upper atmosphere and to determine the variation of some properties of the air in relation with height. The purpose of this paper is to examine how the use of scientific instruments was decisive to obtain these results, so that it will be analised the work realised by some French balloonists in their rides; in a second part, it will be commented the work developed in Spain, to compare with the formerly mentioned.
Behavioral response to contamination risk information in a spatially explicit groundwater environment: Experimental evidence
Authors: Li Jingyuan , Michael Holly A. , Duke Joshua M. , Messer Kent D. , Suter Jordan F. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper assesses the effectiveness of aquifer monitoring information in achieving more sustainable use of a groundwater resource in the absence of management policy. Groundwater user behavior in the face of an irreversible contamination threat is studied by applying methods of experimental economics to scenarios that combine a physics‐based, spatially explicit, numerical groundwater model with different representations of information about an aquifer and its risk of contamination. The results suggest that the threat of catastrophic contamination affects pumping decisions: pumping is significantly reduced in experiments where contamination is possible compared to those where pumping cost is the only factor discouraging groundwater use. The level of information about the state of the aquifer also affects extraction behavior. Pumping rates differ when information that synthesizes data on aquifer conditions (a “risk gauge”) is provided, despite invariant underlying economic incentives, and this result does not depend on whether the risk information is location‐specific or from a whole aquifer perspective. Interestingly, users increase pumping when the risk gauge signals good aquifer status compared to a no‐gauge treatment. When the gauge suggests impending contamination, however, pumping declines significantly, resulting in a lower probability of contamination. The study suggests that providing relatively simple aquifer condition guidance derived from monitoring data can lead to more sustainable use of groundwater resources.
Multiscale convection in a geodynamo simulation with uniform heat flux along the outer boundary
Authors: Matsui Hiroaki , King Eric , Buffett Bruce 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIt is generally expected that Earth's magnetic field, which is generated by convecting liquid metal within its core, will substantially alter that convection through the action of Lorentz forces. In most dynamo simulations, however, Lorentz forces do very little to change convective flow, which is predominantly fine‐scaled. An important exception to this observation is in dynamo models that employ uniform heat flux boundary conditions, rather than the usual uniform temperature conditions, in which multiscale convection is observed. We investigate the combined influence of thermal boundary conditions and magnetic fields using four simulations: two dynamos and two nonmagnetic models, with either uniform temperature or heat flux fixed at the outer boundary. Of the four, only the fixed‐heat‐flux dynamo simulation produces multiscale convective flow patterns. Comparison between the models suggests that the fixed‐flux dynamo generates large patches of strong azimuthal magnetic field that suppress small‐scale convective motions. By allowing temperature to vary along the outer boundary, the fixed‐flux dynamo generates stronger azimuthal flow and, in turn, stronger magnetic field, and the resulting Lorentz forces alter the nature of convective flow. Extrapolation of the analyses presented here suggests that magnetic fields may also suppress small‐scale convection in the Earth's core.
The importance of spring atmospheric conditions for predictions of the Arctic summer sea ice extent
Authors: Kapsch Marie‐Luise , Graversen Rune G. , Economou Theodoros , Tjernström Michael 
Published: July 2014

AbstractRecent studies have shown that atmospheric processes in spring play an important role for the initiation of the summer ice melt and therefore may strongly influence the September sea ice concentration (SSIC). Here a simple statistical regression model based on only atmospheric spring parameters is applied in order to predict the SSIC over the major part of the Arctic Ocean. By using spring anomalies of downwelling longwave radiation or atmospheric water vapor as predictor variables, correlation coefficients between observed and predicted SSIC of up to 0.5 are found. These skills of seasonal SSIC predictions are similar to those obtained using more complex dynamical forecast systems, despite the fact that the simple model applied here takes neither information of the sea ice state, oceanic conditions nor feedback mechanisms during summer into account. The results indicate that a realistic representation of spring atmospheric conditions in the prediction system plays an important role for the predictive skills of a model system.
Marine sediment shear velocity structure from the ratio of displacement to pressure of Rayleigh waves at seafloor
Authors: Ruan Youyi , Forsyth Donald W. , Bell Samuel W. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe complex ratio of vertical displacement to pressure (D/P) at seafloor is a function of frequency. It is sensitive to the subsurface elastic properties, particularly the shear modulus, and therefore can be used to determine the shear velocity and thickness of marine sediments. Instead of using compliance in response to loading of long‐period infragravity waves as in previous studies, we investigate the transfer function from pressure to displacement using Rayleigh waves generated by microseisms and earthquakes. We find that at frequencies between 0.1 and 0.2 Hz, the Rayleigh wave transfer function is very sensitive to marine sediments and can be reliably obtained from microseism noise. Using a surface wave mode method, we calculate synthetic D/P ratios and examine their sensitivity to water depth, shear wave speed, and thickness of sediments. We develop a method to invert the Rayleigh wave D/P ratio for a regional 1‐D profile of sediment shear wave speed and associated sediment thickness beneath each ocean bottom seismograph (OBS). We apply our method to a group of deep water OBSs deployed in the Cascadia Initiative and obtain a well‐resolved depth‐dependent shear wave speed for sediments on the Juan de Fuca plate and shear wave traveltime delays caused by sediments at each station.
The Grand Work of Fiction: The Detail as Narrative
Authors: Ford Edward 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA practising architect and Professor at the University of Virginia School of Architecture, Edward Ford is the leading expert on the architectural detail and the author of three seminal books on the subject. Here Ford explains that, though the decision ‘to abstract or to articulate’ architecture ‘may be largely subconscious’, it is never ‘arbitrary’. For ‘in the well‐designed building, it is done in the service of the creation of a larger narrative, a unity of vision’.
Details Around the Corner
Authors: Schittich Christian 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMunich‐based DETAIL magazine is an internationally renowned architecture and construction publication, uniquely focused on the architectural detail. Here, its Editor‐in‐Chief Christian Schittich acknowledges how design concepts provide the key driver for architectural detailing, as details combine to provide the overall character or aesthetic quality of a building. However, how might an increasingly diverse design team collaborate on the execution of high‐quality detailing when designing large‐scale schemes?
Close Up
Authors: Alonso Hernan Diaz 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe last two decades have brought with them unprecedented technological changes that have had a far‐reaching impact on design ethos and culture. Hernan Diaz Alonso, Principal of Xefirotarch and Professor of Architecture at the Southern California Institute of Architecture (SCI‐Arc), reflects on the nature of these changes: observing that as ‘criticality in architecture’ is ‘replaced by talent’ or ‘virtuosity’, there is a greater ‘focus on specific architectural or design problems’. This brings with it a shift from the design detail, reliant on technical expertise and precision, to ‘the close‐up’ that is more concerned with resolution and the conceptual, bridging the gap between the intellectual and the physical.
The Rise of the ‘Invisible Detail’: Ubiquitous Computing and the ‘Minimum Meaningful’
Authors: Ratti Carlo , Claudel Matthew 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe architectural detail has provided the essential material building block for conveying an idea. Carlo Ratti and Matthew Claudel of the SENSEable City Lab at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) ask how this, though, is all set to change in a digital context. As technologies shrink and vanish from sight, what might become the new minimum meaningful unit for architecture? How might a new relational scale establish itself, at the level of the ‘invisible detail’ or the microchip? How might this, in turn, change the very nature of buildings as they become highly responsive, human‐occupied transmitters?
Information, Complexity and the Detail
Authors: Shelden Dennis R 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe proliferation of affordable computing has transformed the capability of architecture to deal with complex forms and details. As Dennis R Shelden, Chief Technology Officer of Gehry Technologies, explains, this has resulted in the production of an abundance of digital information or data. The intersection of two curved surfaces, for instance, is now much more complex than the surfaces themselves. Complexity requires more information and thus more processing, making details like this ultimately more expensive to produce. The jury is still out on what the future might hold, as architecture undergoes a period of fundamental transition in which, for the time being at least, there remains an essential mismatch between the surfeit of digital information and the tight economic limits on physical production.
Growing Details
Authors: Benjamin David , Nagy Danil , Carlos Olguin  
Published: July 2014

AbstractHere David Benjamin and Danil Nagy of New York‐based practice The Living, and Carlos Olguin of Autodesk Research, describe how in their design for the Evolving Chair they piloted Project Cyborg, a cloud‐native meta‐platform for matter programming. By providing a range of design opportunities at multiple scales, Cyborg seeks to introduce a more fluid and open‐ended approach to detailing that is less confined by matter and scale.
DNA disPLAY: Programmable Bioactive Materials Using CNC Patterning
Authors: Tibbits Skylar , Kara'in Lina , Schaeffer Joseph , de Puig Helena , Gomez‐Marquez Jose , Young Anna 
Published: July 2014

Abstract2D, 3D and 4D printing are fertile areas for design and material experimentation, and thus the architectural detail in the future. Here Skylar Tibbits, along with his collaborators ‐ Lina Kara'in (MIT Self‐Assembly Lab) , Jose Gomez‐Marquez, Anna Young and Joaquin Navarro (Little Devices Lab, MIT), Lee Gehrke, Helena de Puig and Justina Tam (Gehrke Lab, MIT), and Joseph Schaeffer and Carlos Olguin (Autodesk Inc) ‐ describe the development of DNAdisPLAY: a project that created a physical prototype and design workflow for 2D bioprinting, resulting in the development of software, hardware and printed DNA patterns on paper.
Detailing the Walled Garden for Lebbeus
Authors: Spiller Neil 
Published: July 2014

AbstractNeil Spiller, the Hawksmoor Chair of Architecture and Landscape and Deputy Pro Vice Chancellor of the University of Greenwich, London, has an unrivalled international reputation for the virtuosity of his visionary graphic work. Here, in a highly personal and poetic eulogy to Lebbeus Woods, Spiller pays tribute to his master through the lens of his own work, where detail becomes an important element in an imagined, augmented world in which the concrete or the specific lends credence to the fictional.
Copper/N,N,N′,N′‐Tetramethylethylenediamine‐Catalyzed Synthesis of N‐Substituted Benzoheterocycles via CS Cross‐ Coupling at Ambient Temperature in Water
Authors: Zhao Na , Liu Liang , Wang Fei , Li Jia , Zhang Wu 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCopper/N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylethylenediamine (Cu/TMEDA)‐catalyzed ambient temperature tandem reactions of isothiocyanates with 2‐iodophenols or 2‐iodoanilines in water without the protection of an inert atmosphere are described, which provide a simple, rapid, environmental method for the synthesis of a variety of 2‐iminobenzo‐1, 3‐ oxathioles and 2‐aminobenzothiazoles in good yields. More important, the present reaction process needs only low amounts of copper catalyst (<1 mol%) and can yield the products on a gram scale.magnified image
Chemoselective Copper‐Catalyzed Acylation of Benzothiazoles with Aryl Methyl Ketones
Authors: Feng Qiang , Song Qiuling 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA copper(I) iodide‐catalyzed, highly efficient acylation of benzothiazoles with aryl methyl ketones as carbonyl sources under a nitrogen atmosphere was developed. This is an unprecedented protocol and an extremely efficient method for the selective synthesis of 2‐acylbenzothiazoles from commercially available, cheap starting materials with excellent chemoselectivity, good functional group tolerability and high turnover numbers (up to 14,200); also scaling up to 160 mmol without loss of the efficiency is possible. A variety of 2‐acylbenzothiazoles was smoothly prepared in good to excellent yields from aryl methyl ketones and benzothiazoles by a one‐pot domino protocol of combined sp3 CH oxidation, ring opening, and condensation.magnified image
Synthesis of Sterically Congested Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Cascade Oxidative Annulation of Aryl Ketoximes with Diphenylacetylene by Sequential Cleavage of Multiple CH Bonds
Authors: Liu Bin , Hu Fang , Shi Bing‐Feng 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe rhodium(III)‐catalyzed oxidative annulations of aryl ketoximes with diphenylacetylene by the cleavage of three CH bonds, one CO bond and the formation of four CC bonds, one CN bonds simultaneously have been developed. This protocol is scalable and compatible with various functional groups, providing an expeditious access to highly congested polycyclic aromatic/heteroaromatic hydrocarbons.magnified image
Transition Metal‐Free ipso‐Functionalization of Arylboronic Acids and Derivatives
Authors: Zhu Chen , Falck John R. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractArylboronic acids and their derivatives have been widely exploited as important synthetic precursors in organic synthesis, materials science, and pharmaceutical development. In addition to numerous applications in transition metal‐mediated cross‐coupling reactions, transition metal‐free transformations involving arylboronic acids and derivatives have recently received a surge of attention for converting the CB bond to CC, CN, CO, and many other CX bonds. Consequently, a wide range of useful compounds, e.g., phenols, anilines, nitroarenes, and haloarenes, has been readily synthesized. Amongst these efforts, many versatile reagents have been developed and a lot of practical approaches demonstrated. The research in this promising field is summarized in the current review and organized on the basis of the type of bonds being formed.magnified image
Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxidative CH Sulfuration of Aryl Thiocarbamates
Authors: Zhao Yingwei , Xie Yinjun , Xia Chungu , Huang Hanmin 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed intramolecular CH bond sulfuration reaction of aryl thiocarbamates has been developed. This strategy provides a new route to benzo[d][1,3]oxathiol‐2‐ones with tolerance of a wide range of substituents. Mechanistic studies suggested that the CH activation–sulfuration to afford 2‐imino‐1,3‐benzoxathiole intermediate might involve an electrophilic palladation process.magnified image
Application of the Bang and Ramm age at death estimation method to two known‐age archaeological assemblages
Authors: Tang Nancy , Antoine Daniel , Hillson Simon 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThe Bang and Ramm method uses root dentine translucency (RDT) length in sectioned or unsectioned teeth as a sole indicator of chronological age at death in adult human remains. The formulae have been tested on modern remains of known age and on modern and archaeological remains of unknown age. This is the first published study of the method on known‐age archaeological specimens and tests whether RDT is a good indicator of chronological age in buried human remains. We applied the Bang and Ramm equations to two 18th and 19th century assemblages excavated from the crypt of Christ Church, Spitalfields, and the cemetery of All Hallows by the Tower. Translucency was defined by shining a light through the external unsectioned root surface and was measured from digital images of 583 and 83 nonmolar roots from 126 Spitalfields and 12 All Hallows individuals, respectively, aged 21–81 years. Average absolute difference between real age and estimated age was 10.7 years and 8.4 years for Spitalfields and All Hallows individuals, respectively, with 58% and 75% estimated within 10 years of known age, and 29% and 33% estimated within five years of known age. These estimations are comparable to results from other ageing methods applied to the Spitalfields collection. Ages from both populations were estimated largely to the middle ranges, with younger individuals overestimated and older individuals underestimated. This is a common occurrence when using inverse calibration, where age is treated as the dependent variable and the ageing feature as the independent variable. Am J Phys Anthropol 155:332–351, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.