bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ownership structure and financial reporting integrity: the moderating role of earnings quality in Egyptian practice
Authors: Ismail Tariq H. , Samy El-Deeb Mohamed , Abd El–Hafiezz Raghda H. 
Published: August 2024

PurposeThis study examines the correlation between ownership structure (OS) and financial reporting integrity (FRI), with emphasis on the impact of earnings quality (EQ) in the Egyptian context.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses data from 472 firm-year observations of Egyptian publicly listed companies between 2014 and 2021 and carried out descriptive statistics, correlation tests, multiple regression analysis and two-stage least squares (2SLS) to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe results revealed that blockholders and institutional ownership significantly enhance reporting integrity through effective oversight and monitoring. The findings underscore the vital role of concentrated OS in overseeing reporting practices and mitigating managerial opportunism, thereby improving the transparency and reliability of financial disclosures in Egypt.Practical implicationsThe findings enrich the literature on corporate governance and financial reporting quality and have important implications for policymakers, regulators and corporate stakeholders.Originality/valueThis work contributes valuable insights on how OS and EQ can bolster FRI, offering crucial information for combating financial crises and facilitating smooth business operations in Egypt.
Distinct actors drive different mechanisms of biopolymer processing in polar marine coastal sediments
Authors: Knittel Katrin , Miksch Sebastian , Moncada Chyrene , Silva‐Solar Sebastian , Moye Jannika , Amann Rudolf , Arnosti Carol 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHeterotrophic bacteria in the ocean initiate biopolymer degradation using extracellular enzymes that yield low molecular weight hydrolysis products in the environment, or by using a selfish uptake mechanism that retains the hydrolysate for the enzyme‐producing cell. The mechanism used affects the availability of hydrolysis products to other bacteria, and thus also potentially the composition and activity of the community. In marine systems, these two mechanisms of substrate processing have been studied in the water column, but to date, have not been investigated in sediments. In surface sediments from an Arctic fjord of Svalbard, we investigated mechanisms of biopolymer hydrolysis using four polysaccharides and mucin, a glycoprotein. Extracellular hydrolysis of all biopolymers was rapid. Moreover, rapid degradation of mucin suggests that it may be a key substrate for benthic microbes. Although selfish uptake is common in ocean waters, only a small fraction (0.5%–2%) of microbes adhering to sediments used this mechanism. Selfish uptake was carried out primarily by Planctomycetota and Verrucomicrobiota. The overall dominance of extracellular hydrolysis in sediments, however, suggests that the bulk of biopolymer processing is carried out by a benthic community relying on the sharing of enzymatic capabilities and scavenging of public goods.
Pre‐service teachers' preparation for inclusive practices in Cambodia: Experience, self‐efficacy and concerns about inclusion
Authors: Pov Sokunrith , Kawai Norimune 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study evaluated the self‐efficacy and concerns regarding inclusive practices among 148 pre‐service teachers enrolled in newly reformed teacher training programmes in Cambodia. It explored variations in pre‐service teachers' concerns and self‐efficacy based on their experience‐related factors. This survey study used the Concern about Inclusive Education Scale (CIES) and Teacher Efficacy for Inclusive Practices (TEIP) scale as research instruments. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability tests and one‐way ANOVA. The findings revealed that while pre‐service teachers had moderate levels of self‐efficacy, they exhibited high levels of concerns about including students with disabilities in regular schools, particularly regarding resources and acceptance. Their concerns and self‐efficacy significantly varied based on their experiences of interacting with individuals with disabilities and teaching students with disabilities. These findings underscore the pressing need for improvements in the new teacher training programmes. Teacher education colleges should align their inclusive education courses with the new inclusive education training guide and make this course compulsory. By emphasising practical skills, incorporating field experience and focusing on local inclusive education policies, pre‐service teachers can be better prepared for inclusive classrooms, thereby enhancing their confidence in implementing inclusive practices.
Public mental health facility closures and criminal justice contact in Chicago
Authors: Muchow Ashley N. , Laurito Agustina 
Published: August 2024

AbstractResearch summaryIn 2012, Chicago closed half of its public mental health clinics, which provide services to those in need regardless of their insurance status or ability to pay. Critics of the closures argued that they would result in service shortages and divert untreated patients to the criminal justice system. We explore this claim by examining whether and to what extent the closures increased criminal justice contact. Using a difference‐in‐differences framework, we compare arrests and mental health transports in block groups located within a half mile of clinics that closed to those equidistant from clinics that remained open. While we find evidence that police‐initiated mental health transports increased following the closures, we do not observe similar changes in arrests.Policy implicationsChicago's mental health clinic closures remain a contentious issue to this day. Our results suggest that the shuttered clinics were meeting a need that, when left unmet, created conditions for mental health emergencies. While the closures do not appear to have routed untreated patients to the county jail, they increased police contact and, subsequently, transportation to less specialized emergency care facilities. Our findings demonstrate the need to strengthen health care access, crisis prevention, and the mental health safety net to preclude police from acting as mental health responders of last resort.
Review article: Evidence‐based dietary management of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Gibson Peter R. , Yao C. K. , Halmos Emma P. 
Published: August 2024

SummaryBackgroundDietary management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves more than defining a therapeutic diet. The profusion of ‘expert advice’ is not necessarily built on evidence.AimsTo provide evidence‐based guidance on all clinically relevant aspects of nutritional and dietary management of patients with IBD.MethodsA comprehensive review of the published literature was made.ResultsFour pillars of management should be considered in all patients. First, nutritional status should be optimised, since myopenia and visceral obesity are associated with poorer outcomes, which can be improved with attention to their correction. Accurate point‐of‐care measurement of body composition is advocated to identify problems, guide interventions and monitor outcomes. Second, exclusive enteral nutrition and the Crohn's Disease Exclusion Diet with partial enteral nutrition in reducing intestinal inflammation in patients with Crohn's disease have sufficient evidence to be advocated. Multiple other dietary approaches, while promising, have insufficient evidence to be recommended. Third, dietary approaches are important in symptomatic control in many non‐inflammatory scenarios. Finally, guidance on following a healthy diet is fundamental to the general health of patients. Multiple approaches are advocated, but the optimal strategy is unclear. The precarious nutritional status of patients with IBD together with the risks of nutritional inadequacy and maladaptive eating behaviours associated with restrictive diets dictate involvement of expert dietitians in assessment and personalised delivery of dietary interventions.ConclusionsFour pillars of nutritional management require specific assessment and interventional strategies that should be chosen by evidence. Optimal delivery requires the skills of a specialised dietitian.
Genome‐wide association study for conformation traits in Ayrshire cattle
Authors: Azovtseva Anastasiia Ivanovna , Pozovnikova Marina Vladimirovna , Shcherbakov Yuriy Sergheevich , Tulinova Olga Vasilievna , Romanova Elena Anatolyevna , Ryabova Anna Evgenievna 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe genetic improvement of cattle is able to provide the highest economic efficiency. Animals with best external features often have the highest indicators of productivity and nonspecific resistance. In order to identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and genes, potentially responsible for conformation traits of Ayrshire cattle, we conducted a genome‐wide association study (GWAS). Blood samples were collected from 495 first‐calf Ayrshire heifers. For all animals, a linear assessment was carried out, which consisted of 17 conformation traits and 13 exterior flaws. Our study revealed a total of 43 SNPs on chromosomes BTA1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18, 19, 22, 25, 27, and 29 associated with conformation traits, four of which have met the significance threshold. Among these four significant SNPs, genes associated with exterior flaws such as tilted udder floor and weak loin and SNPs associated with weak back were identified. The markers and genes identified in the corresponding genomic regions are promising candidates for further investigation of the biological processes involved in cow exterior formation and function. The results obtained, including the MYO1B gene associated with weak loin, PEPD and ZFC3H1 genes related to tilted udder floor, and EDNRB gene associated with weak back can be effectively used as molecular markers in genomic selection programs.
A Qualitative Study Focussing on the Acquisition of Psychotherapy Competencies in Core Psychiatry Training and the Effect of Covid‐19
Authors: Baban Alan , Hillen Thomas , Story Giles W. , Burn Wendy , Curtis Vivienne 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAcquiring competence in psychotherapy is a mandatory part of psychiatric training in the UK. Within their first 3 years of ‘Core Psychiatry’ training, doctors are expected to deliver both short‐term and long‐term psychotherapy treatments, supervised by the local Medical Psychotherapy tutor. During the Covid‐19 pandemic, these treatments and their supervisions were carried out remotely. This pan‐London qualitative research study, commissioned by the Health Education England London School of Psychiatry, aimed to explore trainees' and trainers' experiences of the psychotherapy curriculum within Core Psychiatric training, as well as their experiences of remote work during the pandemic. Seventeen participants were interviewed (out of 19 who came forward), including both trainees and trainers working within the London region. Thematic analysis of the transcripts of the semi‐structured interviews identified five main themes with associated sub‐themes. The results suggest that trainees found their psychotherapy experience to be enriching. However, there is work to be done around barriers and anxieties faced by trainees, for instance concerning the impact of patient drop out on training progression. Remote work posed additional issues for trainers and trainees in addressing psychotherapy competencies, with feelings of disconnection and loss being prominent.
Fibroblast activation protein constitutes a novel target of chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy in solid tumors
Authors: Meng Sikun , Hara Tomoaki , Miura Yutaka , Ishii Hideshi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWith recent advances in tumor immunotherapy, chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR‐T) cell therapy has achieved unprecedented success in several hematologic tumors, significantly improving patient prognosis. However, in solid tumors, the efficacy of CAR‐T cell therapy is limited because of high antigen uncertainty and the extremely restrictive tumor microenvironment (TME). This challenge has led to the exploration of new targets, among which fibroblast activation protein (FAP) has gained attention for its relatively stable and specific expression in the TME of various solid tumors, making it a potential new target for CAR‐T cell therapy. This study comprehensively analyzed the biological characteristics of FAP and discussed its potential application in CAR‐T cell therapy, including the theoretical basis, and preclinical and clinical research progress of targeting FAP with CAR‐T cell therapy for solid tumor treatment. The challenges and future optimization directions of this treatment strategy were also explored, providing new perspectives and strategies for CAR‐T cell therapy in solid tumors.
Novel PLEC variants associated with infantile cholestasis
Authors: Kor‐anantakul Phawin , Chen Huey‐Ling , Chen Ya‐Hui , Ittiwut Chupong , Ittiwut Rungnapa , Chaijitraruch Nataruks , Suphapeetiporn Kanya , Chongsrisawat Voranush 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPlectin is a cytoskeletal linker of intermediate filaments, encoded by the PLEC gene. Recently, plectin mutations have been identified in a pair of siblings with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis. Here, we reported two unrelated infants with plectinopathy causing cholestatic jaundice with novel variants in the PLEC gene. Trio exome sequencing identified compound heterozygous variants in the PLEC gene for each patient: c.71‐11768C>T and c.4331G>T (p.Arg1444Leu) in Patient 1, and c.592C>T (p.Arg198Trp) and c.4322G>A (p.Arg1441His) in Patient 2. Immunofluorescence staining of liver samples from both patients revealed scattered signals of plectin in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and reduced colocalization of plectin and cytokeratin 8. This study not only underscores the involvement of plectin in cholestasis but also highlights the utility of exome sequencing as a powerful diagnostic tool in identifying genetic underpinnings of infantile cholestasis.
Ecosystem extent is a necessary but not sufficient indicator of the state of global forest biodiversity
Authors: Ferrier Simon , Ware Chris , Austin Jenet M. , Grantham Hedley S. , Harwood Thomas D. , Watson James E. M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Kunming‐Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework lays out an ambitious set of goals and targets aimed at halting and reversing biodiversity loss. The extent of natural ecosystems has been selected as one of a small set of headline indicators against which countries will report progress under this framework. We evaluate the effectiveness with which this indicator is expected to capture the overall scope of the ecosystem‐focused component of Goal A, and interlinkages with the species‐focused component of this same goal, using extensive global data on the integrity, connectivity, and plant species composition of forests. Results generated for all forest‐supporting countries demonstrate that consideration of these additional factors can profoundly alter understanding of the state of forest biodiversity relative to that based on extent alone. Employment of ecosystem extent as a headline indicator must therefore be augmented by appropriate use of component and complementary indicators addressing other key dimensions of ecosystem change.
Vitiligo – a disease: A position paper on stigmatization, life quality impairment and psychosocial comorbidity
Authors: Böhm Markus , Sommer Rachel , Gieler Uwe , Staubach Petra , Zink Alexander , Apfelbacher Christian , Peters Eva M. J. 
Published: August 2024

SummaryVitiligo is a common disorder characterized by the visible loss of skin pigmentation. Non‐segmental vitiligo (NSV) is the major subtype. The disease is caused by autoimmune‐mediated destruction of melanocytes. Vitiligo leads to stigmatization and a significant reduction in quality of life. Disregarding the psychosocial burden, vitiligo is sometimes viewed solely as a cosmetic problem and, according to a global survey, is diagnosed on average only after 2.4 years. This delay contributes to a considerable burden of disease, including suicidal ideation. Stigmatization promotes the development of psychological comorbidities such as anxiety and depressive disorders, with prevalence rates varying by country and study (0.1%–67.9%). Data for Germany are heterogeneous and largely based on estimates. Due to psychosocial factors, the inflammatory component, and a higher incidence of somatic comorbidities, NSV may be regarded as an inflammatory systemic disease. We recommend optimizing care by incorporating the assessment of quality of life as a standard in routine care, in addition to monitoring disease activity. Moreover, early screening for psychological comorbidities is crucial to initiate appropriate treatment before the condition becomes chronic and cumulative (irreversible) impairments occur. The goal is a personalized and patient‐centered integrated care approach that sustainably improves the health status of those affected.
Effectiveness of topical gabapentin cream in treating pruritus in dialysis patients: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Faghihi Gita , Mohammadian Parisa , Abtahi‐Naeini Bahareh , Akbari Mojtaba , Sabzghabaee Ali Mohammad , Mortazavi Mojgan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionGabapentin is an antiepileptic drug that alleviates neuropathic pain. Its oral use reduces the intensity of pruritus in patients receiving chronic dialysis therapy. However, it could lead to toxicity because of the patients' renal deficiency. In this study, we assessed the use of gabapentin topical in treating pruritus in dialysis patients.MethodsThis randomized, triple‐blinded trial was performed on 80 patients divided into two groups randomly (40 in each group). In intervention group, 92.5% of the patients were on hemodialysis. Patients in intervention and control groups were provided with 5% gabapentin and placebo topical creams every 2 weeks for a month. Both Visual Analog Scale and 12‐item Pruritus Severity Score questionnaire were used to evaluate itching intensity and score before treatment, a month, and 2 months after starting treatment in both groups. In addition, the effect of itching on quality of life was investigated with the same questionnaire.FindingsEighty patients (40 in each group) participated in our study. No complication was found in our intervention group. Itching score significantly decreased after a month and 2 months of follow‐up in intervention group (p < 0.001).DiscussionOur results showed that 5% gabapentin topical cream can be effective in reducing itching in different areas of the body. None of our patients reported complications.
The correlation between signalling 2‐phenylethanol and flavour substances of sour fish and its effect on Saccharomyces cerevisiae 31
Authors: Jiang Qixing , Yang Shuhan , Gao Pei , Zhang Xiaojing , Zhang Zhiqing , Yang Fang , Yu Peipei , Liu Shaoquan , Xia Wenshui , Yu Dongxing 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThis study aimed to investigate the interaction between 2‐phenylethanol (2‐PE) signalling molecule and volatile flavour compounds, as well as how 2‐PE would affect Saccharomyces cerevisiae 31 (Sc 31) growth and metabolism. Succession of 2‐PE in sour fish with and without Sc 31, as well as volatile flavour compounds, and its influence on cell morphology in yeast extract peptone dextrose (YPD) medium were determined. Spearman showed that the content of 2‐PE had a positive correlation with inoculated Sc 31 (r = 0.785), esters (r = 0.885), and alcohols (r = 0.758). Moreover, Sc 31 growth rate was positively impacted by 2‐PE up to 500 μm in YPD medium. This could significantly increase the production of biofilm (P < 0.05) and also partially damage the cell wall and membrane. As a result, 2‐PE might affect exchange of substances between Sc 31 and the environment, which could promote the flavour generation during fermentation.
Trajectories of NEET in individuals formerly placed in out‐of‐home care: A Swedish national cohort study
Authors: Brännström Lars , Berlin Marie , Bäckman Olof , Karlsson Patrik 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIt is widely acknowledged that individuals with out‐of‐home care (OHC) experiences, including foster‐family care and residential care, face an increased risk of poor labour market attachment during emerging adulthood. However, limited understanding exists regarding how this attachment, conceptualized here as ‘not in employment, education, or training’ (NEET), evolves beyond young adulthood and the degree to which this development is marked by persistence or desistance. Using group‐based trajectory modelling and multinomial regression on population‐based register data for over 650,000 Swedish men and women (including approximately 14,000 with OHC experience), followed from birth to age 40, the results indicate that OHC‐experienced individuals, especially those first placed as teenagers, exhibit a substantially higher risk of persistent NEET compared to peers without OHC experience. Nevertheless, the majority of OHC‐experienced individuals followed pathways characterized by desistance. Implications for research, policy and practice are discussed.
Characteristics of arthritis in patients with familial Mediterranean fever
Authors: Yenigun Selcan , Ayla Ali Yagiz , Yuzbasioglu Mebrure B. , Baspinar Sura N. , Ergun Sercan , Karabicek Ali , Belli Cagri , Demirkol Fatma , Ozdogan Huri , Ugurlu Serdal 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundMany of the familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) patients present with arthritis during attacks, which may vary in its characteristics.AimsIn this study, we aimed to describe and characterise arthritis in FMF patients.MethodsWe used our hospital's record system to retrospectively identify FMF patients with arthritis who presented to our clinic between 2005 and 2020. The prevalence, laboratory results of attack, remission periods, genetic mutations, demographic data, characteristics of attacks, characteristics of arthritis, comorbidities, treatments and treatment responses were recorded.ResultsNine hundred fifty‐four patients from a cohort of 2350 FMF patients had arthritis (40%). The male/female ratio was 0.49 in patients with arthritis. The frequency of at least one exon 10 mutation was high. The age of onset of symptoms was earlier for patients with arthritis. Monoarticular pattern was more frequent compared to oligo‐ and polyarticular patterns. Colchicine resistance was higher; the required colchicine dose for disease control and the frequency of use of biological agents were higher compared to general FMF population.ConclusionSince M694V mutation is common and the colchicine dose required for disease control is high, we can conclude that the disease activity is high in FMF patients with arthritis. The frequency of sacroiliitis and spondyloarthropathy is significantly increased, especially in individuals with M694V mutation, suggesting that there may be a common pathway in their pathogenesis. FMF should be included in the differential diagnosis in patients presenting with arthritis in FMF endemic regions.