bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relation between FoxP3+ regulatory T cells and fungal density in oral paracoccidioidomycosis: a preliminary study
Authors: Cardoso Rhanderson Miller Nascimento , Jham Bruno Correia , do Carmo Gabriela Mota , Batista Aline Carvalho , de Oliveira Flávia Aparecida , de Paula Élbio Candido , Mesquita Ricardo Alves , da Silva Tarcília Aparecida , Duarte Eliza Carla Barroso 
Published: August 2014

SummaryRegulatory T (Treg) cells may play an important role in the pathogenesis of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), but data on the role of Treg cells in the context of oral PCM are still scarce. The objectives of this study were to investigate the density of FoxP3+ T regulatory cells in oral PCM and to correlate the results with the density of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in the lesions. Cases of chronic oral PCM seen between 2000 and 2008 were included in this study. The diagnosis of all lesions was confirmed with histopathological examination and Grocott‐Gomori staining. The quantitative analysis of the viable fungi was conducted in all cases with Grocott‐stained slides. Treg cells were identified using antibodies against FoxP3. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to test the correlation between the density of fungi and Treg cells. Results were considered significant when P < 0.05. A total of 11 cases of oral PCM were obtained. There was a positive correlation between fungal density and FoxP3+ Treg cells density in oral lesions, however, without statistical significance. A positive relation between Treg cells and fungal density was seen in oral PCM. Further studies are required to further elucidate the role of these cells in the pathogenesis of oral PCM, as well the clinical significance of these findings.
Optimizing Rubisco and its regulation for greater resource use efficiency
Authors: CARMO‐SILVA ELIZABETE , SCALES JOANNA C. , MADGWICK PIPPA J. , PARRY MARTIN A. J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractRubisco catalyses the carboxylation of ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate (RuBP), enabling net CO2 assimilation in photosynthesis. The properties and regulation of Rubisco are not optimal for biomass production in current and projected future environments. Rubisco is relatively inefficient, and large amounts of the enzyme are needed to support photosynthesis, requiring large investments in nitrogen. The competing oxygenation of RuBP by Rubisco decreases photosynthetic efficiency. Additionally, Rubisco is inhibited by some sugar phosphates and depends upon interaction with Rubisco activase (Rca) to be reactivated. Rca activity is modulated by the chloroplast redox status and ADP/ATP ratios, thereby mediating Rubisco activation and photosynthetic induction in response to irradiance. The extreme thermal sensitivity of Rca compromises net CO2 assimilation at moderately high temperatures. Given its central role in carbon assimilation, the improvement of Rubisco function and regulation is tightly linked with irradiance, nitrogen and water use efficiencies. Although past attempts have had limited success, novel technologies and an expanding knowledge base make the challenge of improving Rubisco activity in crops an achievable goal. Strategies to optimize Rubisco and its regulation are addressed in relation to their potential to improve crop resource use efficiency and climate resilience of photosynthesis.
Physiological and proteomic analyses of salt stress response in the halophyte Halogeton glomeratus
Authors: WANG JUNCHENG , MENG YAXIONG , LI BAOCHUN , MA XIAOLE , LAI YONG , SI ERJING , YANG KE , XU XIANLIANG , SHANG XUNWU , WANG HUAJUN , WANG DI 
Published: August 2014

AbstractVery little is known about the adaptation mechanism of Chenopodiaceae Halogeton glomeratus, a succulent annual halophyte, under saline conditions. In this study, we investigated the morphological and physiological adaptation mechanisms of seedlings exposed to different concentrations of NaCl treatment for 21 d. Our results revealed that H. glomeratus has a robust ability to tolerate salt; its optimal growth occurs under approximately 100 mm NaCl conditions. Salt crystals were deposited in water‐storage tissue under saline conditions. We speculate that osmotic adjustment may be the primary mechanism of salt tolerance in H. glomeratus, which transports toxic ions such as sodium into specific salt‐storage cells and compartmentalizes them in large vacuoles to maintain the water content of tissues and the succulence of the leaves. To investigate the molecular response mechanisms to salt stress in H. glomeratus, we conducted a comparative proteomic analysis of seedling leaves that had been exposed to 200 mm NaCl for 24 h, 72 h and 7 d. Forty‐nine protein spots, exhibiting significant changes in abundance after stress, were identified using matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization tandem time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF/TOF MS/MS) and similarity searches across EST database of H. glomeratus. These stress‐responsive proteins were categorized into nine functional groups, such as photosynthesis, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, and stress and defence response.
Impact of platelet transfusion on toxicity and mortality after hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation
Authors: Christou Grace , Kekre Natasha , Petrcich William , Tokessy Melanie , Neurath Doris , Giulivi Antonio , Saidenberg Elianna , McDiarmid Sheryl , Atkins Harold , Bence‐Bruckler Isabelle , Bredeson Christopher , Huebsch Lothar , Sabloff Mitchell , Sheppard Dawn , Tay Jason , Tinmouth Alan , Allan David S. 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundThrombocytopenia occurs commonly after hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation (HPCT) and is associated with potential morbidity and mortality. Few studies have examined the impact of platelet (PLT) transfusion on clinical outcomes in HPCT while optimal PLT transfusion strategies after HSCT remain uncertain.Study Design and MethodsA retrospective single‐center cohort study was conducted on 522 patients undergoing HPCT between January 2002 and December 2007. Associations between PLT transfusion events and clinical characteristics with transplant‐related outcomes were assessed using univariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsMean number of PLT transfusion events before Day +60 posttransplant was 7.5 (95% confidence interval, 6.7‐8.4) with greater number of events after allogeneic compared with autologous HPCT (p < 0.01). Univariate and multivariate analysis confirmed that the number of PLT transfusion events was associated with increased 100‐day nonrelapse mortality (p < 0.01), posttransplant length of hospital stay (p < 0.01), need for intensive care unit admission (p < 0.01), and number of organs affected by severe toxicity (p < 0.01).ConclusionHPCT‐related toxicity and mortality are associated with increased PLT transfusion events. Alternative strategies to reduce PLT transfusions after HPCT may warrant future study.
Comparison of three noninvasive methods for hemoglobin screening of blood donors
Authors: Ardin Sergey , Störmer Melanie , Radojska Stela , Oustianskaia Larissa , Hahn Moritz , Gathof Birgit S. 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundTo prevent phlebotomy of anemic individuals and to ensure hemoglobin (Hb) content of the blood units, Hb screening of blood donors before donation is essential. Hb values are mostly evaluated by measurement of capillary blood obtained from fingerstick. Rapid noninvasive methods have recently become available and may be preferred by donors and staff. The aim of this study was to evaluate for the first time all different noninvasive methods for Hb screening.Study Design and MethodsBlood donors were screened for Hb levels in three different trials using three different noninvasive methods (Haemospect [MBR Optical Systems GmbH & Co. KG], NBM 200 [LMB Technology GmbH], Pronto‐7 [Masimo Europe Ltd]) in comparison to the established fingerstick method (CompoLab Hb [Fresenius Kabi GmbH]) and to levels obtained from venous samples on a cell counter (Sysmex [Sysmex Europe GmbH]) as reference. The usability of the noninvasive methods was assessed with an especially developed survey.ResultsTechnical failures occurred by using the Pronto‐7 due to nail polish, skin color, or ambient light. The NBM 200 also showed a high sensitivity to ambient light and noticeably lower Hb levels for women than obtained from the Sysmex. The statistical analysis showed the following bias and standard deviation of differences of all methods in comparison to the venous results: Haemospect, −0.22 ± 1.24; NBM, 200 −0.12 ± 1.14; Pronto‐7, −0.50 ± 0.99; and CompoLab Hb, −0.53 ± 0.81.ConclusionNoninvasive Hb tests represent an attractive alternative by eliminating pain and reducing risks of blood contamination. The main problem for generating reliable results seems to be preanalytical variability in sampling. Despite the sensitivity to environmental stress, all methods are suitable for Hb measurement.
Stability Analysis of a Whirling Rigid Rotor Supported by FDBs Considering Five Degrees of Freedom of a General Rotor-Bearing System
Authors: Lee M. H. , Lee J. H. , Jang G. H. 
Published: August 2014

A rotor supported by fluid dynamic bearings (FDBs) has a whirling motion by centrifugal force due to the mass unbalance or by the flexibility of shaft. This whirling motion also generates periodic time-varying oil-film reaction and dynamic coefficients even in case of the stationary grooved FDBs.
This paper proposes a method to determine the stability of a whirling rotor supported by stationary grooved FDBs considering five degrees of freedom of a general rotor-bearing system. Dynamic coefficients are calculated by using the finite element method and the perturbation method, and they are represented as periodic harmonic functions by considering whirling motion. Because of the periodic time-varying dynamic coefficients, the equations of motion of the rotor supported by FDBs can be represented as a parametrically excited system. The solution of the equations of motion can be assumed as the Fourier series so that the equations of motion can be rewritten as simultaneous algebraic equations with respect to the Fourier coefficients. Hill’s infinite determinant is calculated by using these algebraic equations in order to determine the stability.
The stability of the FDBs decreases with the increase of rotational speed. The stability of the FDBs increases with the increase of whirl radius, because the average and variation of Cxx increase faster than those of Kxx. The proposed method is verified by solving the equations of motion by using the forth Runge-Kutta method to determine the convergence and divergence of whirl radius.
Robust Hub Design to Prevent Mechanical Contact Between Hub and Sleeve of the FDBs in a 2.5″ HDD With 5mm-Height due to Disc Clamping Force
Authors: Kim B. C. , Jang G. H. 
Published: August 2014

In slim 2.5″ HDDs with 5mm or 7mm-height, the mechanical structure has to be simplified and all of the axial dimensions have to be miniaturized. It results in too flexible HDDs which is vulnerable to external force Especially, the rotating hub is so thin and flexible to make contact with stationary sleeve by clamping force.
In this paper, we investigated the mechanical contact between the rotating hub and stationary sleeve of a 2.5″ HDD with 5 mm-height at low rotating speed. And we checked upper thrust surface in hub and sleeve after tearing down the FDBs. Circumferential scratch is observed on the upper thrust surface of sleeve and hub due to mechanical contact. Hub deflection due to disc clamping force was identified as a source of mechanical contact between rotating hub and stationary sleeve. To prevent mechanical contact between them, we proposed a robust design of hub and validated the proposed design theoretically and experimentally.
Comparison of internal dose estimates obtained using organ‐level, voxel S value, and Monte Carlo techniques
Authors: Grimes Joshua , Celler Anna 
Published: August 2014

Purpose:The authors’ objective was to compare internal dose estimates obtained using the Organ Level Dose Assessment with Exponential Modeling (OLINDA/EXM) software, the voxel S value technique, and Monte Carlo simulation. Monte Carlo dose estimates were used as the reference standard to assess the impact of patient‐specific anatomy on the final dose estimate.Methods:Six patients injected with99mTc‐hydrazinonicotinamide‐Tyr3‐octreotide were included in this study. A hybrid planar/SPECT imaging protocol was used to estimate 99mTc time‐integrated activity coefficients (TIACs) for kidneys, liver, spleen, and tumors. Additionally, TIACs were predicted for 131I, 177Lu, and 90Y assuming the same biological half‐lives as the 99mTc labeled tracer. The TIACs were used as input for OLINDA/EXM for organ‐level dose calculation and voxel level dosimetry was performed using the voxel S value method and Monte Carlo simulation. Dose estimates for 99mTc, 131I, 177Lu, and 90Y distributions were evaluated by comparing (i) organ‐level S values corresponding to each method, (ii) total tumor and organ doses, (iii) differences in right and left kidney doses, and (iv) voxelized dose distributions calculated by Monte Carlo and the voxel S value technique.Results:The S values for all investigated radionuclides used by OLINDA/EXM and the corresponding patient‐specific S values calculated by Monte Carlo agreed within 2.3% on average for self‐irradiation, and differed by as much as 105% for cross‐organ irradiation. Total organ doses calculated by OLINDA/EXM and the voxel S value technique agreed with Monte Carlo results within approximately ±7%. Differences between right and left kidney doses determined by Monte Carlo were as high as 73%. Comparison of the Monte Carlo and voxel S value dose distributions showed that each method produced similar dose volume histograms with a minimum dose covering 90% of the volume (D90) agreeing within ±3%, on average.Conclusions:Several aspects of OLINDA/EXM dose calculation were compared with patient‐specific dose estimates obtained using Monte Carlo. Differences in patient anatomy led to large differences in cross‐organ doses. However, total organ doses were still in good agreement since most of the deposited dose is due to self‐irradiation. Comparison of voxelized doses calculated by Monte Carlo and the voxel S value technique showed that the 3D dose distributions produced by the respective methods are nearly identical.
Oxygen Cost of Recreational Horse-Riding in Females
Authors: Beale Louisa , Maxwell Neil S , Gibson Oliver R , Twomey Rosemary , Taylor Becky , Church Andrew 
Published: August 2014

Background:The purpose of this study was to characterize the physiological demands of a riding session comprising different types of recreational horse riding in females.Methods:Sixteen female recreational riders (aged 17 to 54 years) completed an incremental cycle ergometer exercise test to determine peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) and a 45-minute riding session based upon a British Horse Society Stage 2 riding lesson (including walking, trotting, cantering and work without stirrups). Oxygen consumption (VO2), from which metabolic equivalent (MET) and energy expenditure values were derived, was measured throughout.Results:The mean VO2 requirement for trotting/cantering (18.4 ± 5.1 ml·kg-1·min-1; 52 ± 12% VO2peak; 5.3 ± 1.1 METs) was similar to walking/trotting (17.4 ± 5.1 ml·kg-1·min-1; 48 ± 13% VO2peak; 5.0 ± 1.5 METs) and significantly higher than for work without stirrups (14.2 ± 2.9 ml·kg-1·min-1; 41 ± 12% VO2peak; 4.2 ± 0.8 METs) (P = .001).Conclusion:The oxygen cost of different activities typically performed in a recreational horse riding session meets the criteria for moderate intensity exercise (3-6 METs) in females, and trotting combined with cantering imposes the highest metabolic demand. Regular riding could contribute to the achievement of the public health recommendations for physical activity in this population.
Aerobic Fitness Indices of Children Differed Not by Body Weight Status but by Level of Engagement in Physical Activity
Authors: Jabbour Georges , Henderson Melanie , Tremblay Angelo , Mathieu Marie Eve 
Published: August 2014

Objective:Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) improves aerobic fitness in children, which is usually assessed by maximal oxygen consumption. However, other indices of aerobic fitness have been understudied.Methods:To compare net oxygen (VO2net), net energy consumption (Enet), net mechanical efficiency (MEnet), and lipid oxidation rate in active and inactive children across body weight statuses.Design:The sample included normal-weight, overweight, and obese children of whom 44 are active (≥30 min of MVPA/d) and 41 are inactive (<30 min of MVPA/d). VO2net, Enet, MEnet and lipid oxidation rate were determined during an incremental maximal cycling test.Results:Active obese participants had significantly lower values of VO2net and Enet and higher MEnet than inactive obese participants at all load stages. In addition, active obese participants showed a significantly higher lipid oxidation rate compared with inactive obese and active overweight and normal-weight participants. VO2net, Enet, and MEnet were similar across active children, regardless of body weight status.Conclusion:Thirty minutes or more of MVPA per day is associated with a potentiation of aerobic fitness indicators in obese prepubertal children. Moreover, the indices of aerobic fitness of inactive obese children are significantly different from those of active obese and nonobese ones.
Examining the Relationship Between Physical Activity Intensity and Adiposity in Young Women
Authors: Bailey Bruce W. , Borup Pamela , LeCheminant James D. , Tucker Larry A. , Bromley Jacob 
Published: August 2014

Background:The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between intensity of physical activity (PA) and body composition in 343 young women.Methods:Physical activity was objectively measured using accelerometers worn for 7 days in women 17 to 25 years. Body composition was assessed using the BOD POD.Results:Young women who spent less than 30 minutes a week performing vigorous PA had significantly higher body fat percentages than women who performed more than 30 minutes of vigorous PA per week (F = 4.54, P = .0113). Young women who spent less than 30 minutes per day in moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) had significantly higher body fat percentages than those who obtained more than 30 minutes per day of MVPA (F = 7.47, P = .0066). Accumulating more than 90 minutes of MVPA per day was associated with the lowest percent body fat. For every 10 minutes spent in MVPA per day, the odds of having a body fat percentage above 32% decreased by 29% (P = .0002).Conclusion:Vigorous PA and MVPA are associated with lower adiposity. Young women should be encouraged to accumulate at least 30 minutes of MVPA per day, however getting more than 90 minutes a day is predictive of even lower levels of adiposity.
Whole-Genome Sequence of a Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing Sequence Type 10 Isolate from an Outbreak in Thailand
Authors: Coker Olabisi O. , Regmi Sanjib M. , Suriyaphol Prapat , Chininmanu Kwanrutai , Prammananan Therdsak , Chaiprasert Angkana 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

Infections with the Beijing family of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
occur worldwide and are endemic in Asian countries. We present the draft genome sequence of DS6701, a multidrug-resistant
M. tuberculosis
Beijing strain of sequence type 10. The isolate is a representative of strains isolated from a multidrug-resistant tuberculosis outbreak in Thailand.
Draft Genome Sequence of an Atypical Strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolated from a Respiratory Infection
Authors: Choi Sang Chul , Parker Jayme , Richards Vincent P. , Ross Katherine , Jilly Bernard , Chen Jack 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

Next-generation sequencing was used to investigate an unknown clinical respiratory infection. This new strain of
Streptococcus pneumoniae
, ASVL_JC_0001, was isolated from a clinical specimen from a patient with bronchitis and pulmonary inflammation. The draft genome sequence, obtained with an Illumina MiSeq sequencing system, consists of 83 large contigs, a total of 2,092,532 bp long, and has a GC content of 40.3%.
Transforming consumer health informatics through a patient work framework: connecting patients to context
Authors: Valdez Rupa S , Holden Richard J , Novak Laurie L , Veinot Tiffany C 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Designing patient-centered consumer health informatics (CHI) applications requires understanding and creating alignment with patients’ and their family members’ health-related activities, referred to here as ‘patient work’. A patient work approach to CHI draws on medical social science and human factors engineering models and simultaneously attends to patients, their family members, activities, and context. A patient work approach extends existing approaches to CHI design that are responsive to patients’ biomedical realities and personal skills and behaviors. It focuses on the embeddedness of patients’ health management in larger processes and contexts and prioritizes patients’ perspectives on illness management. Future research is required to advance (1) theories of patient work, (2) methods for assessing patient work, and (3) techniques for translating knowledge of patient work into CHI application design. Advancing a patient work approach within CHI is integral to developing and deploying consumer-facing technologies that are integrated with patients’ everyday lives.
What does your neighbourhood say about you? A study of life expectancy in 1.3 million Swiss neighbourhoods
Authors: Moser André , Panczak Radoslaw , Zwahlen Marcel , Clough-Gorr Kerri M , Spoerri Adrian , Stuck Andreas E , Egger Matthias 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundSwitzerland had the highest life expectancy at 82.8 years among the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries in 2011. Geographical variation of life expectancy and its relation to the socioeconomic position of neighbourhoods are, however, not well understood.MethodsWe analysed the Swiss National Cohort, which linked the 2000 census with mortality records 2000–2008 to estimate life expectancy across neighbourhoods. A neighbourhood index of socioeconomic position (SEP) based on the median rent, education and occupation of household heads and crowding was calculated for 1.3 million overlapping neighbourhoods of 50 households. We used skew-normal regression models, including the index and additionally marital status, education, nationality, religion and occupation to calculate crude and adjusted estimates of life expectancy at age 30 years.ResultsBased on over 4.5 million individuals and over 400 000 deaths, estimates of life expectancy at age 30 in neighbourhoods ranged from 46.9 to 54.2 years in men and from 53.5 to 57.2 years in women. The correlation between life expectancy and neighbourhood SEP was strong (r=0.95 in men and r=0.94 women, both p values <0.0001). In a comparison of the lowest with the highest percentile of neighbourhood SEP, the crude difference in life expectancy from skew-normal regression was 4.5 years in men and 2.5 years in women. The corresponding adjusted differences were 2.8 and 1.9 years, respectively (all p values <0.0001).ConclusionsAlthough life expectancy is high in Switzerland, there is substantial geographical variation and life expectancy is strongly associated with the social standing of neighbourhoods.