bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of matrix composition and sample preparation on instant release fractions from high burnup nuclear fuel
Authors: Roth O. , Low J. , Spahiu K. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThe rapid release of fission products segregated either to the gap between the fuel and the cladding or to the UO2grain boundaries from spent nuclear fuel in contact with water (often referred to as the instant release fraction - IRF) is of interest for the safety assessment of geological repositories for spent fuel due to the potential dose contribution. In September 2012 a study was initiated with the aim of comparing the instant release behavior of fuels with and without additives/dopants. Preliminary results from this (ongoing) study indicate that the release of uranium during the first contact periods was higher than during the tests with fuel segments, even though the fuel was cut open recently [1]. This could be due to the sample preparation method which included axial cutting of the cladding in order to remove the fuel fragments used in the study. In the present work, leaching data from both studies are presented and the releases are discussed comparing the two sample preparation methods and considering the effect of matrix composition. The leaching studies have been performed in air using 10 mM NaCl + 2 mM NaHCO3as leaching solution.
Durability studies of simulated UK high level waste glass
Authors: Ahmad Nor E. , Jones Julian R. , Lee William E. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTA simulated Magnox glass which is Mg- and Al- rich was subjected to aqueous corrosion in static mode with deionised water at 90 °C for 7-28 days and assessed using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy X-Ray Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma – Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). XRD revealed both amorphous phase and crystals in the glass structure. The crystals were Ni and Cr rich spinels and ruthenium oxide. After two weeks of incubation in deionised water, the glass surface was covered by a ∼11 μm thick Si-rich layer whilst mobile elements and transition metals like Na, B, and Fe were strongly depleted. The likely corrosion mechanism and in particular the role of Mg and Al in the glass structure are discussed.
Focused Ion Beam nano-patterning from traditional applications to single ion implantation perspectives
Authors: Gierak Jacques 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn this article we review some fundamentals of the Focused Ion Beam (FIB) technique based on scanning finely focused beams of gallium ions over a sample to perform direct writing. We analyse the main limitations of this technique in terms of damage generation or local contamination and through selected examples we discuss the potential of this technique in the light of the most sensitive analysis techniques. In particular we analyse the limits of Ga-FIB irradiation for the patterning of III-V heterostructures, thin magnetic layers, artificial defects fabricated onto graphite or graphene and atomically thin suspended membranes. We show that many of these earlypointed “limitations” with appropriate attention and analysis can be valuable for FIB instrument development, avoided, or even turned into decisive advantages. Such new methods transferable to the fabrication of devices or surface functionalities are urgently required in the emerging nanosciences applications and markets.
Stochastic Analysis of Cylindrical Shell
Authors: Grzywiński Maksym , Pokorska Iwona 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The paper deals with some chosen aspects of stochastic structural analysis and its application in the engineering practice. The main aim of the study is to apply the generalized stochastic perturbation techniques based on classical Taylor expansion with a single random variable for solution of stochastic problems in structural mechanics. The study is illustrated by numerical results concerning an industrial thin shell structure modeled as a 3-D structure.
Fluid in Rectangular Tank – Frequency Analysis
Authors: Kotrasová Kamila 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Ground-supported tanks are used to store a variety of liquids. During earthquake activity the liquid exerts impulsive and convective pressures (sloshing) on the walls and bottom of the rectangular tank. This paper provides theoretical background for analytical calculating of circular frequencies and hydrodynamic pressures developed during an earthquake in rectangular container. Analytical results of first natural frequency are compared with experiment.
Physicochemical Analysis and Microbial Diversity of Yamuna Water and Industrial Effluents
Authors: Gupta Poonam , Asthana Monika , Kumar Avnish , Barun Siddhartha 
Published: July 2014

Pollution has arisen as a serious environmental concern to the present world after industrialization of human societies. It has severely affected our air, soil and water sources. Looking to its global, national, regional and local dimensions, it is now imperative to check it at each and every level. In the present study, 8 samples (3 Yamuna water samples, 3 tannery effluent samples and 2 textile effluent samples), were collected from different sites of Yamuna and exit points of textile and tannery Industries. Water and effluent samples were analysed for various physicochemical parameters (pH, TDS, hardness, chloride and BOD) using conventional methods. Afterwards these samples were utilized for isolation of the native bacterial species. All the samples were showing higher than the standard values for TDS (500mg/l), hardness (80-100 mg/l), chloride (250mg/l) and BOD (30mg/l). It was observed that the tannery effluents were showing maximum TDS values(1190-1240mg/l), followed by textile effluents (1190 and 1210mg/l) and Yamuna water (530-1180mg/l).Similarly, in case of chloride content, highest concentration range(828.8-1598mg/l)was shown by tannery effluents. pH value was nearly neutral for Yamuna water, slightly acidic in case of textile effluents and more acidic for tannery samples. Highest range of hardness values were observed for the tannery effluents (860-880mg/l) followed by textile effluents (760 and 860mg/l). The BOD values were nearly similar for all the samples with maximum values being observed for tannery effluents (42-48 mg/l). Thus it can be inferred that all the samples were highly polluted and need to be treated by suitable methods. There were 11 cultures purified, that could be employed in bioremediation purposes.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i2.10352Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(2): 199-205
In Vitro Embryo Production and Transfer of Bubaline Embryos using Oocytes Derived from Transvaginal Ultrasound-Guided Follicular Aspiration (TUFA)
Authors: Aquino FP , Atabay Eufrocina P. 
Published: July 2014

Transvaginal ultrasound-guided follicular aspiration (TUFA) has become a popular tool for embryo production in vitro due to its high degree of repeatability in terms of recovering oocytes from live animals. In Study 1, the quantity and quality of oocytes from Bulgarian Murrah buffalo cows (n=10) of varying ages (Group 1, 8-12; and Group 2, 13-17 years) were assessed. Group 1 buffalo donor cows yielded significantly higher (P<0.05) number of oocytes vs Group 2 buffalo donor cows (71 vs 29 oocytes, respectively), though in terms of oocyte quality, no difference was observed. In Study 2, oocytes collected (n=100) in Study 1 were matured, fertilized in vitro and the resulting zygotes were cultured which developed to blastocyst stage embryos. The maturation, fertilization and blastocyst development rates obtained were 53.0%, 40.0% and 32.5%, respectively. In Study 3, the viability of resulting blastocyst stage embryos was determined by transferring to recipient cows. Of 10 recipients 1 got pregnant and delivered a 35 kg male calf after 310 days gestation period. Overall, the results of the studies conducted demonstrated the potential of TUFA technology in the in vitro production of embryos which eventually could be used in the production of live offspring.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i2.10369Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(2): 180-184
Detection of Toxigenic Fungi and Mycotoxins in Some Stored Medicinal Plant Samples
Authors: Rawat Ashish , Mahajan Surabhi , Gupta Ankur , Agnihotri Rajneesh Kumar , Wahi Nitin , Sharma Rajendra 
Published: July 2014

A total forty samples of eight different medicinal plants were taken for the detection of toxigenic fungi and their mycotoxins. The fungal mycroflora comprises of six different fungal species belonging to three genera. A. niger, Mucor species, A. flavus and Rhizopus species dominate other fungal species isolated. Among ten samples of different medicinal plants which were contaminated with A. flavus was further analysed for mycotoxins potential. Four of them shows positive results for mytoxins potential. Although the presence of toxigenic fungi in a product did not imply the presence of mycotoxins in the product, their presence represents a potential risks of contamination with mycotoxins. Therefore, these medicinal plants should be carefully stored and the growth of the naturally found toxic fungi should be inhibited. Beside that, these medicinal plants must be tested for the presence of mycotoxins present prior to their use.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i2.10457Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(2): 211-216 Keywords: Medicinal plants; Mycroflora; Toxigenic fungi; Mycotoxins.
Radiographic absence of the posterior communicating arteries and the prediction of cognitive dysfunction after carotid endarterectomy
Authors: Sussman Eric S. , Kellner Christopher P. , Mergeche Joanna L. , Bruce Samuel S. , McDowell Michael M. , Heyer Eric J. , Connolly E. Sander 
Published: July 2014

Object
Approximately 25% of patients exhibit cognitive dysfunction 24 hours after carotid endarterectomy (CEA). One of the purported mechanisms of early cognitive dysfunction (eCD) is hypoperfusion due to inadequate collateral circulation during cross-clamping of the carotid artery. The authors assessed whether poor collateral circulation within the circle of Willis, as determined by preoperative CT angiography (CTA) or MR angiography (MRA), could predict eCD.

Methods
Patients who underwent CEA after preoperative MRA or CTA imaging and full neuropsychometric evaluation were included in this study (n = 42); 4 patients were excluded due to intraoperative electroencephalographic changes and subsequent shunt placement. Thirty-eight patients were included in the statistical analyses. Patients were stratified according to posterior communicating artery (PCoA) status (radiographic visualization of at least 1 PCoA vs of no PCoAs). Variables with p < 0.20 in univariate analyses were included in a stepwise multivariate logistic regression model to identify predictors of eCD after CEA.

Results
Overall, 23.7% of patients exhibited eCD. In the final multivariate logistic regression model, radiographic absence of both PCoAs was the only independent predictor of eCD (OR 9.64, 95% CI 1.43–64.92, p = 0.02).

Conclusions
The absence of both PCoAs on preoperative radiographic imaging is predictive of eCD after CEA. This finding supports the evidence for an underlying ischemic etiology of eCD. Larger studies are justified to verify the findings of this study. Clinical trial registration no.: NCT00597883 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Primary medulla oblongata teratomas
Authors: Li Da , Hao Shu-Yu , Wu Zhen , Zhang Li-Wei , Zhang Jun-Ting 
Published: July 2014

Medulla oblongata teratomas are rare. The authors report 2 new cases of teratomas that occurred exclusively in the medulla oblongata. The first case was in a 9-year-old boy who presented with a 6-month history of neck pain and repeated paroxysmal vomiting. Based on preoperative radiographic findings, the initial diagnosis was of an intraaxial medulla oblongata hemangioblastoma. Intraoperatively, the cystic component of the tumor was gray, gelatinous, and soft in consistency. The solid component was light pink, rubbery, and nodular in appearance, with an identifiable boundary. The lesion was completely removed. Histopathological investigation revealed a mature teratoma. Postoperatively, the patient was supported with ventilator assistance and received a tracheotomy, but died of intracranial infection. The second case was in a 10-year-old boy with intermittent headache for 1 month. Radiographs revealed an exophytic cystic and solid lesion with dorsal involvement of the medulla oblongata. The lesion was predominantly solid, pinkish gray, tenacious, and moderately vascularized, with clearly delineated surgical dissection planes. The histopathological examination confirmed a diagnosis of immature teratoma. Total resection was achieved, followed by postoperative chemotherapy. He was alive without recurrence of the lesion or symptoms at 59 months after surgery.
Resection of medulla oblongata teratoma is challenging, with inherent surgical risks that are contingent on the tumor growth pattern. Teratomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of brainstem lesions. Chemotherapy has been suggested for immature teratomas. Long-term follow-up and larger studies of teratomas in unusual locations are required to improve practitioners' understanding of this disease's treatment and outcomes.
Research on Navigable Ship Model Test in Curved Waterway
Authors: Wang Chang Hong , Cheng Xiao Bing 
Published: July 2014

The flow of bend reach is complicated, which is difficulty for intersection of ship,and is accident prone. According to the lower reaches of the Hanjiang River MaKou reach of ship model test results, the relationship between channel width and flow are summarized when ship navigation sail in bend reach, which indicated that at approximately the same speed, navigation width of sailing through the bend upward are much smaller than down. As velocity or flow angle increases, the ship track width is broader, and channel width is also broader. the ship control and peer safety management points are forwarded in the lower reaches of Hanjiang river bend, which can provide reference for similar engineering designand research of waterway.
Instructional architectures and electronic technology – A multidisciplinary imperative for Nigeria
Authors: Ngozi AB , Okafor G 
Published: July 2014

Innovative practices in education continue to pose some serious challenges to teachers who want to discharge their chore to the satisfaction of all stakeholders in education. A significant innovation needed in the Nigerian classrooms is the teacher re-envisioning of self and job. This implies and includes the forging of interdisciplinary relationships that enhance instructional architectures that would amplify and situate electronic technology in the Nigerian classroomsKey words: instruction, electronic devices, multidisciplinary.
Comparative study of the influence of lecture and demonstration methods on the teaching of Agricultural Science in Senior Secondary Schools in Bende Local Government Area
Authors: Obunadike JC , Omeye CC 
Published: July 2014

Teaching methods are teacher’s skills and manipulations on the subject matter and the desired responses from the learner. With the application of effective method, the teaching of agricultural science will be facilitated. The study compared the influence of lecture method and demonstration method on the teaching of agricultural science. One research question and one null hypothesis guided the study. The design of the study was descriptive survey design. 266 senior secondary school students from 6 schools in Bende Local Government Area formed the sample. A questionnaire structured by the researchers on 4 point response scale was used for data collection. The reliability of the instrument was calculated to be 0.60 using Cronbach alpha. Mean ratings were used in answering the research question while correlation was used to analyse the null hypothesis at P<0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that demonstration is one of the best methods used in the teaching of agricultural science in senior secondary schools. The findings equally revealed that demonstration method exposes students more to all the practicals in agriculture and equally enhances understanding. Based on the findings, recommendations were made among which are that government should ensure that all the practical facilities, machineries and tools needed for the teaching of agricultural science are provided in schools. Student teachers should be employed in schools.
Blending critical thinking skills with the teaching of subject matter: Case of a geography lesson in a Malawi School
Authors: Mgomezulu VY , Shawa LB , Wamba NG 
Published: July 2014

Critical thinking skills are essential in education. Unfortunately, education policymakers and curriculum developers in Malawi have not given a concerted effort to promoting critical thinking skills in schools. OSISA has indicated that there is no clear evidence in the Malawi primary and secondary school curricula that promoting critical thinking is considered important. In this paper, we examine the definitions of critical thinking, creative thinking, reflective thinking and we are of the view that there is a level of overlap amongst them. We also look at how the behaviours of egocentrism and sociocentrism can undermine critical thinking. The study draws on Piaget and Vygotsky’s theory of (social) constructivism to advance approaches and practices that teachers can employ to promote critical thinking in learners. We develop a lesson plan that incorporates critical thinking skills and show how teachers can correct egocentric and sociocentric tendencies that might impede critical thinking in learners. We claim that students equipped with critical thinking skills can contribute intellectually, socially, culturally and economically to society.Key words: critical thinking, social constructivism, lesson plan, egocentric, sociocentric
Enhancing chemistry teaching in secondary schools: An alternative teaching approach
Authors: Nbina JB , Mmaduka OA 
Published: July 2014

This study adopted the quasi-experimental research design to examine the alterative teaching methods in secondary chemistry using the cooperative instructional strategy dimension. The sample consists of two hundred and thirty (230) Senior Secondary two (SS II) chemistry students were drawn from three out of ten (10) public secondary schools in Tai Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. Two research instruments were developed for the study: Researcher’s Instructional Packages for solving Chemistry Problems (RIP) and Chemistry Performance Test (CPT). The instrument was validated and its reliability of the Pearson Product Moment Correlation formula value of 0.62. Three hypotheses were formulated and tested using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The instrument was administered on both the experimental group and Control group. The results of the analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the performance of chemistry students exposed to cooperative instructional strategy and conventional teaching method. The cooperative instructional strategy was found to be more effective in enhancing better performance of the learners. Some recommendations were also made among which were that the current prevailing teaching and learning approach should be restructured. Key Words: Teaching Approach, chemistry, Cooperative Instructional Strategy, Secondary school, Performance and Students.
Evaluation of Marginal Bone Level around Platform-Switched Implants
Authors: Kapoor Karan , Singh Raj Gaurav , Puri Aanchal , Mittal Rohit 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The long-term success of an implant depends on the stability of bone support for the implant. Most crestal bone loss occurs in the first year of implant placement. Platform-switching is an approach which can be clinically applied to preserve the crestal bone. The concept of ‘platform switching’ refers to the use of a smaller-diameter abutment on a larger-diameter implant collar. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate crestal bone level around platform-switched implants.

Materials and methods
Twenty implants with 5 mm diameter were placed in mandibular molar region. All implants had been placed at the crestal level at the time of surgery. Radiographs with grid were obtained 3, 6 and 12 months after loading and were evaluated by screen caliper software measuring the location of the crestal bone level relative to the implant platform.

Results
The implants showed a mean bone loss of 0.76 ± 0.1265 mm on mesial side and 0.72 ± 0.1481 mm on distal side after 1 year.

Conclusion
The findings of the current trial indicated that the use platform-switched implants lead to better preservation of crestal bone.

How to cite this article
Kapoor K, Singh RG, Puri A, Sharma A, Mittal R. Evaluation of Marginal Bone Level around Platform- Switched Implants. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2014;4(1): 6-10.
Deficiência mental: o que dizem os manuais diagnósticos?
Authors: Bridi Fabiane Romano de Souza , Baptista Claudio Roberto 
Published: July 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984686X13393 Este trabalho surge da necessidade de se investigar o que dizem os manuais diagnósticos acerca da deficiência mental, principalmente, no que se refere ao conceito de deficiência mental, aos critérios de diagnóstico e classificação. Na presente pesquisa trabalhou-se com: o Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais – DSM-IV (2002); a Classificação Internacional das Doenças – CID-10, (OMS, 1993); a Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde – CIF, (OMS, 2003); e com Retardo mental: definição, classificação e sistemas de apoio (AAMR, 2002). Os pressupostos teóricos do pensamento sistêmico serviram de ferramenta analítica do material investigado. Foi possível observar uma estreita ligação entre a proposição teórica dos diferentes manuais. Apesar da existência de algumas diferenças, essas mudanças não chegam a produzir uma ruptura epistemológica nas formas de se conceber e identificar o fenômeno em questão, apresentando-se filiada aos pressupostos tradicionais do pensamento científico. Entende-se que a compreensão teórico-conceitual a respeito do fenômeno da deficiência mental traz implicações diretas na proposição e nas configurações das práticas pedagógicas, justificando-se, desta forma, realização desse estudo.
Alguns efeitos do nosso tempo na formação de professores da Educação Especial
Authors: Possa Leandra Boer , Naujorks Maria Inês 
Published: July 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984686X7655 A vontade de saber e problematizar aquilo que parece tranquilo e naturalizado em torno da formação do professor/a da Educação Especial é os efeitos de uma estratégia política neoliberal que opera nos processos de objetivação/sujeição de um sujeito que se produz profissional da Educação Especial. A trama que legitima processos de formação, como um eterno momento de aprendizagem para a profissão, é um modo de subjetivação no qual, todos são capturados a exercermos sobre nós mesmos um tipo de poder que se dobra a partir das relações que exercemos sobre nós mesmos e sobre os outros. Este texto problematiza as discussões em torno da formação de professores da Educação Especial a partir de três temas, são eles: a Inclusão, a Escola inclusiva e a Educação para todos; o binômio da Educação Especial que apresenta o campo clínico em contrário ao da Educação; e, a perspectiva totalizante e polivalente que vem contornando o discurso da política de formação do professor/a da Educação Especial. Para concluir, apontamos a necessidade de desnaturalizar um modelo dado à formação de professores/a da Educação Especial, para que possamos perceber contingencialmente os regimes de verdade e a racionalidade política que organizam e estruturam tal formação. Propomo-nos a pensar sobre os efeitos que estes regimes de verdade, já que não temos como escapar deles, produzem no modo como se subjetivam aqueles, que pela formação, constituem-se professores de tal campo.