bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of post‐partum weight retention in a prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Martin Julia Elizabeth , Hure Alexis Jayne , Macdonald‐Wicks Lesley , Smith Roger , Collins Clare Elizabeth 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPost‐partum weight retention (WR) occurs in 60–80% of women with some retaining ≥10 kg with contributing factors reported as pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain (GWG) and breastfeeding. A longitudinal study of pregnancy, with 12‐month post‐partum follow‐up was conducted to determine factors associated with WR. Pregnant women (n = 152) were recruited from the John Hunter Hospital antenatal clinic in New South Wales, Australia. Pre‐pregnancy weight was self‐reported; weight was measured four times during pregnancy (for GWG) and in the first 12 months post‐partum. Infant feeding data were obtained via questionnaires. Breastfeeding was categorised as exclusive, predominant, complementary or not breastfeeding. Linear mixed models tested the predictors of WR, with and without adjustment for potential confounders. Compared with pre‐pregnancy weight, 68% of women retained weight at 12 months, median (interquartile range) [4.5 kg (2.1–8.9)]. After adjustment, GWG was positively associated with WR (P < 0.01), but pre‐pregnancy weight did not predict WR. For each additional week of any breastfeeding, 0.04 kg less weight was retained. Compared with women who retained weight, those women who did retain had higher rates of exclusive breastfeeding at three months (P < 0.05), but the number of weeks of exclusive breastfeeding failed to predict WR for all women. WR following childbirth is common and associated with GWG, while the number of weeks of ‘any’ breastfeeding contributed to post‐partum weight loss. Whether these factors are modifiable strategies to optimise the weight status of women at this life stage requires further research.
The burden and consequences of inherited blood disorders among young children in western Kenya
Authors: Suchdev Parminder S. , Ruth Laird J. , Earley Marie , Macharia Alex , Williams Thomas N. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAlthough inherited blood disorders are common among children in many parts of Africa, limited data are available about their prevalence or contribution to childhood anaemia. We conducted a cross‐sectional survey of 858 children aged 6–35 months who were randomly selected from 60 villages in western Kenya. Haemoglobin (Hb), ferritin, malaria, C‐reactive protein (CRP) and retinol binding protein (RBP) were measured from capillary blood. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Hb type, −3.7 kb alpha‐globin chain deletion, glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) genotype and haptoglobin (Hp) genotype were determined. More than 2 out of 3 children had at least one measured blood disorder. Sickle cell trait (HbAS) and disease (HbSS) were found in 17.1% and 1.6% of children, respectively; 38.5% were heterozygotes and 9.6% were homozygotes for α+‐thalassaemia. The Hp 2‐2 genotype was found in 20.4% of children, whereas 8.2% of males and 6.8% of children overall had G6PD deficiency. There were no significant differences in the distribution of malaria by the measured blood disorders, except among males with G6PD deficiency who had a lower prevalence of clinical malaria than males of normal G6PD genotype (P = 0.005). After excluding children with malaria parasitaemia, inflammation (CRP > 5 mg L−1), iron deficiency (ferritin < 12 μg L−1) or vitamin A deficiency (RBP < 0.7 μg L−1), the prevalence of anaemia among those without α+‐thalassaemia (43.0%) remained significantly lower than that among children who were either heterozygotes (53.5%) or homozygotes (67.7%, P = 0.03). Inherited blood disorders are common among pre‐school children in western Kenya and are important contributors to anaemia.
Online Tempercurve Analysis of Praline Products with the Objective of Cooling Process Optimization
Authors: Ehlers Daniel , Hanselmann William , Windhab Erich Josef 
Published: September 2012

AbstractParameter evaluation for cooling tunnel equipment as used for solidification of chocolate masses was realized by evaluation of online temperature curves (real‐time tempercurves). A praline system (dark chocolate shell, hazelnut filling) was cooled by variation of cooling temperature (12, 7, −10C) and air flow rate (1, 3, 6 m/s). By evaluation of real‐time tempercurves with respect to main crystallization events in different product layers and final fat bloom resistance a critical crystallization temperature of T = 18C was determined. In parallel, the significant potential of time reduction by cooling temperature decrease and air flow increase has been worked out by exemplification. Evaluation is based and discussed on cocoa butter crystallization within literature. Furthermore, this rather simple technique is capable of monitoring several details of local cooling situations in the black box cooling tunnel, such as relative cooling capacity, consistency of cooling temperature and effect of production shutdowns.Practical ApplicationsThe real‐time tempercurve technique is adaptable to a wide range of industrial molds and cooling equipment in the chocolate industry. It is so far developed for molded products only. For coated products, an alternative construction of surface analysis by infrared technique is conceivable. On the other hand, the operating experience with cooling tunnels of manufacturers is less detailed in comparison to other process units because it is a closed system (black box). With this approach, the producer is capable of monitoring the performance and continuance of his cooling equipment (air cooler) and is able to set up appropriate process parameters (temperature, air speed) for new or optimize them for existing products.
Reduced Risk of Poststroke Pneumonia in Thrombolyzed Stroke Patients with Continued Statin Treatment
Authors: Scheitz Jan F. , Endres Matthias , Heuschmann Peter U. , Audebert Heinrich J. , Nolte Christian H. 
Published: September 2012

Background Pneumonia is a frequent complication after stroke with strong impact on clinical outcome. Statins have pleiotropic immunmodulatory properties and were recently shown to exert beneficial effects on the development and clinical course of pneumonia. Aims We aimed to investigate whether statin use is associated with a reduced risk of poststroke pneumonia in acute ischemic stroke patients treated with tissue plasminogen activator within 4·5hours. Methods Data was extracted from a local register including all consecutive stroke patients who received thrombolysis at our institution. Prior statin use was identified retrospectively from clinical records and had to be continued after hospital admission. Poststroke pneumonia was diagnosed according to standardized criteria of US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mortality and functional outcome at three-months were further assessed. Results Overall, 481 ischemic stroke patients were analyzed. Continued statin use was documented in 17% of the patients. Frequency of pneumonia was 11%. Patients with statin use were less likely to develop poststroke pneumonia (5% vs. 13%, P = 0·04). After multivariable adjustment for known risk factors for poststroke pneumonia (age, stroke severity, dysphagia, male sex and diabetes), statin treatment was negatively associated with pneumonia (OR 0·31; 95% CI 0·10–0·94). Occurrence of pneumonia independently predicted three-month mortality and functional outcome. Conclusions Use of statins in acute ischemic stroke patients who receive thrombolysis might reduce the risk of post-stroke pneumonia. Further studies are warranted to validate this finding.
Trypsin Inhibitory Activity and Gel‐Enhancing Effect of Sarcoplasmic Proteins from Common Carp
Authors: Siriangkanakun Siriphon , Yongsawatdigul Jirawat 
Published: September 2012

Abstract:  Proteinase inhibitory activity of sarcoplasmic protein (SP) extracted from common carp (Cyprinus carpio) muscle and its gel‐improving ability were investigated. SPs displayed 89% and 54% inhibitory activity toward trypsin at 40 and 65 °C, respectively. Protein bands with molecular mass of 69, 50, 44, 41, and 35 kDa appeared on trypsin inhibitory activity staining under nonreducing condition when incubated at 40 °C, while 2 protein bands at 54 and 35 kDa were observed at 65 °C. Addition of SP at 0.18 g protein/100 g increased textural properties of threadfin bream surimi gel. However, when SP was added in combination with various CaCl2 concentrations (0.1% to 0.5%) it did not further improve textural properties as compared to the addition of SP alone. Retention of myosin heavy chain of threadfin bream surimi was greater with the addition of SP. These results indicated that the gel‐enhancing effect of common carp SP was due to the inhibitory activity toward endogenous trypsin‐like proteinases in threadfin bream surimi.Practical Application:  Sarcoplasmic protein from common carp muscle could be used as a functional protein ingredient that minimizes muscle proteolysis and improves textural properties of surimi containing trypsin‐like endogenous proteinases.
What is DIstinctive about Mediation? Experience and Expertise in Media
Authors: Ross Philippe 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIf great material resources and specialist technical knowledge are no longer required for individuals to act as mass communicators, what resources are required? This paper reviews social theories of production that can help to shed light on the matter. It explores the nature of knowledge required in the production of content meant for a mass audience, and the manner of its validation. The paper progressively conceptualizes mass communication or mediation in terms of ‘media experience and expertise.’ It begins by framing the discussion of media production in terms of mediation and symbolic/media power, and teasing out knowledge and competence as problems that merit special attention. It then draws on two parallel areas of scholarship to think through the blurring of formerly neat boundaries between interpersonal and mass communication; producer and audience; and expert and layperson. First, the renewed interest in the lived experience of professional producers that is spurred by media production ethnographers. Second, ongoing debates in Science and Technology Studies (STS) around knowledge production and public participation. The paper concludes with a discussion of outstanding issues with respect to media theory and proposals for future work.
Interim report: A randomized controlled trial comparing postoperative pain in single‐incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy and conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Chang Stephen Kin Yong , Wang Yi Liang , Shen Liang , Iyer Shridhar Ganpathi , Shaik Ahmad Bin Syed Buhari , Lomanto Davide 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIntroductionSingle‐incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SILC) is increasingly practiced, but there have been no well‐powered randomized trials investigating the technique. This non‐inferiority trial aims to compare SILC with conventional four‐port laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) with postoperative pain as the primary endpoint.MethodsWe aim to randomize 100 patients into equal arms of SILC or LC. Exclusion criteria were: (i) acute cholecystitis; (ii) an ASA score of 3 or above; (iii) bleeding disorders; or (iv) previous upper abdominal surgery. Patients and postoperative assessors were blinded to the procedure received. The site and severity of pain was compared based on the visual analogue scale at 4 hours, 24 hours and 14 days postoperatively; non‐inferiority was assumed when the lower boundary of the 95% confidence interval of the difference was above −1, and superiority when P ≤ 0.05.ResultsWe recruited 24 SILC and 26 LC patients. There were no conversions to open cholecystectomy or from SILC to LC. SILC was non‐inferior for pain at umbilical sites at rest and at extra‐umbilical sites at all times. At 24 hours postoperatively, SILC was associated with significantly less pain at extra‐umbilical sites (rest: P = 0.002; movement: P = 0.004). There were no incidents of biliary injury or retained gallstones. Of the 24 SILC patients, 12.5% had postoperative complications (vomiting, mild fluid overload, wound infection) compared with 0% of LC patients (P = 0.110); all complications resolved with conservative management. Operating time, analgesic use, return to function, and overall satisfaction did not differ significantly between the two groups.ConclusionSILC is associated with reduced pain and is feasible in routine surgical practice.
Prediction of a favorable clinical course in hepatitis C virus carriers with persistently normal serum alanine aminotransferase levels: A long‐term follow‐up study
Authors: Nishimura Takeshi , Yamaguchi Kanji , Fujii Hideki , Okada Yorihisa , Yokomizo Chihiro , Niimi Toshihisa , Sumida Yoshio , Yasui Kohichiroh , Mitsuyoshi Hironori , Minami Masahito , Umemura Atsushi , Shima Toshihide , Okanoue Takeshi , Itoh Yoshito 
Published: September 2012

AimThis study examined serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels at first visit and their relationship with long‐term normal serum ALT levels in hepatitis C virus (HCV) carriers with persistently normal ALT (PNALT).MethodsHCV carriers with PNALT were identified as those patients with positivity of serum HCV RNA, ALT levels of 30 IU/L or less over a 12‐month period on at least three different occasions, platelet count of more than 15 × 104 μl/mL and body mass index of 30 kg/m2 or less. Outcome was retrospectively studied in 49 HCV carriers with PNALT, who were followed up for more than 10 years.ResultsDuring the mean follow‐up period of 14.7 ± 2.5 years, ALT levels of 30 IU/L or less were preserved in only eight patients (8/49; 16.3%). Among the 17 patients with initial ALT levels of 19 IU/L or less, nine patients remained with ALT levels of 30 IU/L or less after 10 years (9/17; 52.9%). The probability of ALT levels in PNALT being maintained at 30 IU/L or less was significantly higher (P = 0.001) in these patients than in those with initial ALT levels of 20 IU/L or more (n = 32). Abnormal ALT levels were more common in female PNALT patients aged 45–55 years, which is usually the time of menopause onset.ConclusionBecause antiviral therapy in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C is rapidly advancing, waiting for more effective and safer treatments may be an option. The results of this study provide an important insight into this issue.
Oral Histories in Meteoritics and Planetary Science—XIX: Klaus Keil
Authors: SEARS Derek W. G. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract–  Klaus Keil (Fig. 1) grew up in Jena and became interested in meteorites as a student of Fritz Heide. His research for his Dr. rer. nat. became known to Hans Suess who––with some difficulty––arranged for him to move to La Jolla, via Mainz, 6 months before the borders of East Germany were closed. In La Jolla, Klaus became familiar with the electron microprobe, which has remained a central tool in his research and, with Kurt Fredriksson, he confirmed the existence of Urey and Craig’s chemical H and L chondrite groups, and added a third group, the LL chondrites. Klaus then moved to NASA Ames where he established a microprobe laboratory, published his definitive paper on enstatite chondrites, and led in the development of the Si(Li) detector and the EDS method of analysis. After 5 years at Ames, Klaus became director of the Institute of Meteoritics at the University of New Mexico where he built up one of the leading meteorite research groups while working on a wide variety of projects, including chondrite groups, chondrules, differentiated meteorites, lunar samples, and Hawai’ian basalts. The basalt studies led to a love of Hawai’i and a move to the University of Hawai’i in 1990, where he has continued a wide variety of meteorite projects, notably the role of volcanism on asteroids. Klaus Keil has received honorary doctorates from Friedrich‐Schiller University, Jena, and the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque. He was President of the Meteoritical Society in 1969–1970 and was awarded the Leonard Medal in 1988. Klaus Keil at the University of Hawai’i at Manoa, 2007.image
Affective well‐being and within‐day beliefs about job demands' influence on work performance: An experience sampling study
Authors: Daniels Kevin , Wimalasiri Varuni , Beesley Nick , Cheyne Alistair 
Published: September 2012

Affective well‐being is influenced by individuals' momentary beliefs concerning events' impact on goals. We examined within‐day beliefs concerning problem‐solving demands' adverse impact on an important work goal (work performance). Participants (N = 68) provided data up to four times per day for one working week. Hourly beliefs about problem‐solving demands' adverse impact on performance were associated with end‐of‐hour anxious affect and inversely associated with end‐of‐hour motivated pleasant affect.Practitioner Points

Jobs cannot be treated as static entities with fixed characteristics that are interpreted in the same way by all people all of the time.
In addition to environmental factors, job redesign interventions to enhance psychological well‐being need to integrate information about dynamic, cognitive processes internal to the person and within‐day temporal processes.
A randomized controlled trial undertaken to test a nurse‐led weight management and exercise intervention designed for people with serious mental illness who take second generation antipsychotics
Authors: Usher Kim , Park Tanya , Foster Kim , Buettner Petra 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAimTo test the effect of a nurse‐led intervention on weight gain in people with serious mental illness prescribed and taking second generation antipsychotic medication.BackgroundWeight gain and obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the general population with the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome reaching 20–25% of the global population. People with serious mental illness are at even higher risk, particularly those taking second generation antipsychotic medication.DesignAn experimental randomized controlled trial was undertaken.MethodThe control group received a 12‐week healthy lifestyle booklet. In addition to the booklet, the intervention group received weekly nutrition and exercise education, exercise sessions, and nurse support. Participants (n = 101) were assessed at baseline and 12 weeks. Data were collected between March 2008–December 2010. Seven outcome measures were used: body measurements included girth (cm), weight (kg), height (cm), and body mass index (kg/m2); questionnaires included the medication compliance questionnaire, the Drug Attitude Inventory, the Liverpool University Neuroleptic Side Effect Rating Scale, and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36. Differences in primary outcome measures between baseline and 12 weeks follow‐up were compared between intervention and control groups using standard bi‐variate statistical tests. The study was conducted between 2008–2010.ResultsThe analysis of outcome measures for the control group (n = 50) and intervention group (n = 51) was not statistically significant. There was a mean weight change of −0·74 kg at 12 weeks for the intervention group (n = 51), while the control group (n = 50) had a mean weight change of −0·17 kg at 12 weeks.ConclusionThe results were not statistically significant.
Alternative oxidase impacts the plant response to biotic stress by influencing the mitochondrial generation of reactive oxygen species
Authors: CVETKOVSKA MARINA , VANLERBERGHE GREG C. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTPreviously, we showed that inoculation of tobacco with Pseudomonas syringae incompatible pv. maculicola results in a rapid and persistent burst of superoxide (O2‐) from mitochondria, no change in amount of mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX) and induction of the hypersensitive response (HR). However, inoculation with incompatible pv. phaseolicola resulted in increased AOX, no O2‐ burst and no HR. Here, we show that in transgenic plants unable to induce AOX in response to pv. phaseolicola, there is now a strong mitochondrial O2‐ burst, similar to that normally seen only with pv. maculicola. This interaction did not however result in a HR. This indicates that AOX amount is a key determinant of the mitochondrial O2‐ burst but also that the burst itself is not sufficient to induce the HR. Surprisingly, the O2‐ burst normally seen towards pv. maculicola is delayed in plants lacking AOX. This delay is associated with a delayed HR, suggesting that the burst does promote the HR. A O2‐ burst can also be induced by the complex III inhibitor antimycin A (AA), but is again delayed in plants lacking AOX. The similar mitochondrial response induced by pv. maculicola and AA suggests that electron transport is a target during HR‐inducing biotic interactions.
Interaction of Operational and Physicochemical Factors Leading to Gordonia amarae-Like Foaming in an Incompletely Nitrifying Activated Sludge Plant
Authors: Asvapathanagul Pitiporn , Huang Zhonghua , Gedalanga Phillip B. , Baylor Amber , Olson Betty H. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT

The overgrowth of
Gordonia amarae
-like bacteria in the mixed liquor of an incompletely nitrifying water reclamation plant was inversely correlated with temperature (
r
= −0.78;
P
< 0.005) and positively correlated with the solids retention time (SRT) obtained a week prior to sampling (
r
= 0.67;
P
< 0.005). Drops followed by spikes in the food-to-mass ratio (0.18 to 0.52) and biochemical oxygen demand concentrations in primary effluent (94 to 298 mg liter
−1
) occurred at the initiation of
G. amarae
-like bacterial growth. The total bacterial concentration did not increase as concentrations of
G. amarae
-like cells increased, but total bacterial cell concentrations fluctuated in a manner similar to that of
G. amarae
-like bacteria in the pseudo-steady state. The ammonium ion removal rate (percent) was inversely related to
G. amarae
-like cell concentrations during accelerated growth and washout phases. The dissolved oxygen concentration decreased as the
G. amarae
-like cell concentration decreased. The concentrations of
G. amarae
-like cells peaked (2.47 × 10
9
cells liter
−1
) approximately 1.5 months prior to foaming. Foaming occurred during the late pseudo-steady-state phase, when temperature declines reversed. These findings suggested that temperature changes triggered operational and physicochemical changes favorable to the growth of
G. amarae
-like bacteria. Fine-scale quantitative PCR (qPCR) monitoring at weekly intervals allowed a better understanding of the factors affecting this organism and indicated that frequent sampling was required to obtain statistical significance with factors changing as the concentrations of this organism increased. Furthermore, the early identification of
G. amarae
-like cells when they are confined to mixed liquor (10
7
cells liter
−1
) allows management strategies to prevent foaming.
Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Bartonella spp. in Small Mammals from Southeastern Asia
Authors: Jiyipong Tawisa , Jittapalapong Sathaporn , Morand Serge , Raoult Didier , Rolain Jean-Marc 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT

Among 1,341 blood samples from rodents that were trapped in Southeast Asia between 2008 and 2010, we found a prevalence of
Bartonella
infection ranging from 9.6 to 11.9%.
Bartonella
species identified (143 isolates) included
B. elizabethae
,
B. coopersplainsensis
,
B. phoceensis
,
B. queenslandensis
,
B. rattimassiliensis
,
B. tribocorum
, and three new putative
Bartonella
species.