bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystal Engineering of Energetic Materials: Co‐crystals of Ethylenedinitramine (EDNA) with Modified Performance and Improved Chemical Stability
Authors: Aakeröy Christer B. , Wijethunga Tharanga K. , Desper John 
Published: June 2015

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Christer B. Aakeröy at Kansas State University. The image depicts the transition from one page to the next reflecting how research in the area of energetic materials can be facilitated by new co‐crystal technology. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201501721.
Transmit‐only/receive‐only radiofrequency coil configuration for hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI of rat lungs
Authors: Doganay Ozkan , Thind Kundan , Wade Trevor , Ouriadov Alexei , Santyr Giles E. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe report a novel radiofrequency (RF) transmit‐only/receive‐only (TO/RO) coil configuration providing excellent transmit B1+ field uniformity as well as high sensitivity for hyperpolarized 129Xe MR lung imaging of rats at 3T (35.34 MHz). The TO/RO coil configuration consisted of two separate components: (i) a high‐pass birdcage transmit coil which produces a homogeneous B1+ magnetic field, (ii) a saddle‐shaped single‐turn receive‐only surface coil that couples closely to the rat lung. On transmit, the receive‐only coil is decoupled from the transmit coil using a detuning circuit. On receive, the bird‐cage coil is deactivated through the use of PIN diodes. The sensitivity and uniformity of the saddle‐shaped receive coil were optimized solving the Biot‐Savart equation using 3D finite element modeling. The electrical performance of the new TO/RO configuration in transmit/receive (T/R) mode was compared with a commercial T/R birdcage coil of similar diameter, which was considering to be the gold standard for conventional T/R mode imaging. Experimental results in phantoms confirm that our novel TO/RO coil configuration provides a factor of three increase in SNR without compromising B1 transmit uniformity compared with the commercial T/R birdcage coil configuration. The novel TO/RO coil was successfully tested for in vivo rat lung imaging. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 45B: 115–124, 2015
Low‐level PGAS computing on many‐core processors with TSHMEM
Authors: Lam Bryant C. , George Alan D. , Lam Herman , Aggarwal Vikas 
Published: June 2015

SummaryDiminishing returns from increased clock frequencies and instruction‐level parallelism have forced computer architects to adopt architectures that exploit wider parallelism through multiple processor cores. While emerging many‐core architectures have progressed at a remarkable rate, concerns arise regarding the performance and productivity of numerous parallel‐programming tools for application development. Development of parallel applications on many‐core processors often requires developers to familiarize themselves with unique characteristics of a target platform while attempting to maximize performance and maintain correctness of their applications. The family of partitioned global address space (PGAS) programming models comprises the current state of the art in balancing performance and programmability. One such PGAS approach is SHMEM, a lightweight, shared‐memory programming library that has demonstrated high performance and productivity potential for parallel‐computing systems with distributed‐memory architectures. In the paper, we present research, design, and analysis of a new SHMEM infrastructure specifically crafted for low‐level PGAS on modern and emerging many‐core processors featuring dozens of cores and more. Our approach (with a new library known as TSHMEM) is investigated and evaluated atop two generations of Tilera architectures, which are among the most sophisticated and scalable many‐core processors to date, and is intended to enable similar libraries atop other architectures now emerging. In developing TSHMEM, we explore design decisions and their impact on parallel performance for the Tilera TILE‐Gx and TILEPro many‐core architectures, and then evaluate the designs and algorithms within TSHMEM through microbenchmarking and applications studies with other communication libraries. Our results with barrier primitives provided by the Tilera libraries show dissimilar performance between the TILE‐Gx and TILEPro; therefore, TSHMEM's barrier design takes an alternative approach and leverages the on‐chip mesh network to provide consistent low‐latency performance. In addition, our experiments with TSHMEM show that naive collective algorithms consistently outperformed linear distributed collective algorithms when executed in an SMP‐centric environment. In leveraging these insights for the design of TSHMEM, our approach outperforms the OpenSHMEM reference implementation, achieves similar to positive performance over OpenMP and OSHMPI atop MPICH, and supports similar libraries in delivering high‐performance parallel computing to emerging many‐core systems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A fast time‐domain EM–TCAD coupled simulation framework via matrix exponential with stiffness reduction
Authors: Chen Quan , Schoenmaker Wim , Weng Shih‐Hung , Cheng Chung‐Kuan , Chen Guan‐Hua , Jiang Li‐Jun , Wong Ngai 
Published: June 2015

SummaryWe present a fast time‐domain multiphysics simulation framework that combines full‐wave electromagnetism (EM) and carrier transport in semiconductor devices (technology computer‐aided design (TCAD)) for radio frequency (RF) and mixed‐signal modules. The proposed framework features a division of linear and nonlinear components in the EM–TCAD coupled system. The linear portion is extracted and handled independently with high efficiency by a matrix exponential approach assisted with Krylov subspace method. The nonlinear component is treated by ordinary Newton's method yet with a much sparser Jacobian matrix that leads to substantial speedup in solving the linear system of equations. More convenient error management and adaptive control are also available through the linear and nonlinear decoupling. Furthermore, a new form of system formulation is developed to further enhance the efficiency of the proposed framework by reducing the stiffness of EM–TCAD systems via special equation and variable transforms. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fabrication of a Modified Electrode Based on Fe3O4‐Graphene Oxide Hybrid Composite: Applying to Simultaneous Determination of Adenine and Guanine in DNA
Authors: Xie Qianjie , Chen Xiang‐yu , Zhang Hanzhi , Liu Mengdi , Wang Qian , Zhang Xin , Shen Yehua , Yang Fengchun 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA Fe3O4‐graphene oxide hybrid composite (Fe3O4GO) was synthesized and used to construct a novel electrochemical sensor for the simultaneous detection of adenine and guanine. The Fe3O4GO based electrochemical sensor exhibits linear ranges of 0.05–25 μM and 0.05–25 μM with detection limits of 4 nM and 3 nM for adenine and guanine, respectively. This method was applied in the determination of guanine and adenine in many samples with satisfying results. The value of (G+C)/(A+T) in DNA was calculated to be 0.7536. The sensor exhibits some advantages, such as rapidity, good reproducibility and long‐term stability.
A Simple and Rapid Estimation of Totals Polyphenols Based On Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with Ruthenium Oxo‐Complex
Authors: Raymundo‐Pereira Paulo A. , Teixeira Marcos F. S. , Caetano Fábio R. , Bergamini Márcio F. , Marcolino‐Júnior Luiz H. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA simple and fast method based on electrochemical measurements was proposed for estimation of total polyphenols using a carbon paste modified electrode. The method was based on catalytic response exhibited by a ruthenium complex [(bpy)2(NH3)RuIII(µ‐O)RuIII(NH3)(bpy)2]4+ in presence of gallic acid (GA). Calibration plots using chronoamperometry (CA) showed a linear response for GA concentrations ranging from 6.6×10−6 to 1.9×10−4 mol L−1 with a detection limit of 4.9×10−7 mol L−1. Comparative studies using the official method revealed a good agreement between methods suggesting that the proposed method can be applied for polyphenol estimation without any sample treatment.
Risk of endocrine disruption to fish in the Yellow River catchment in China assessed using a spatially explicit model
Authors: Liu Xiaowei , Keller Virginie , Dumont Egon L. , Shi Jianghong , Johnson Andrew C. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

The global water availability assessment (GWAVA) model, incorporating regional water abstractions and reservoir information, was used to model the human-sourced steroid estrogens estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2) in the Yellow River catchment (China). The river flows in the main stem were calibrated using gauged flows. Following a review of Chinese data on estrogen discharge from a range of sewage treatment plants, low, median, and high discharge rates were identified and used as best, expected, and worst-case scenarios, respectively. For any given location, the temporal variation of modeled estrogen levels was summarized using the mean and upper 90th percentile, which is where the model predicts 90% of values would be below this concentration. The predicted means and 90th percentiles for E1 were comparable to previous E1 measurements reported in the river. For the whole catchment, only 19% (mean value) of the river system by length was predicted to exceed 1 ng/L E2 equivalents (EEQs) using expected estrogen sewage discharge. Only 3% of the network by length was predicted to exceed the dangerously high 10 ng/L EEQ when considering 90th percentile concentrations. The highest exposures were in the Fen and Wei tributaries. Endocrine disruption risk from estrogens was predicted to be minimal in the main stem. Only in the worst-case discharge scenario and 90th percentile predicted concentrations were the most downstream river reaches of the main stem predicted to be at risk. Reservoirs appeared to be helpful in reducing estrogen concentrations thanks to longer water residence facilitating biodegradation. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:2870–2877. © 2015 SETAC
Manganese toxicity to tropical freshwater species in low hardness water
Authors: Harford Andrew J. , Mooney Thomas J. , Trenfield Melanie A. , van Dam Rick A. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Elevated manganese (Mn) is a common contaminant issue for mine water discharges, and previous studies have reported that its toxicity is ameliorated by H+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ ions. In the present study, the toxicity of Mn was assessed in a high risk scenario, that is, the slightly acidic, soft waters of Magela Creek, Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory, Australia. Toxicity estimates were derived for 6 tropical freshwater species (Chlorella sp., Lemna aequinoctialis, Amerianna cumingi, Moinodaphnia macleayi, Hydra viridissima, and Mogurnda mogurnda). Low effect chronic inhibition concentration (IC10) and acute lethal concentration (LC05) values ranged between 140 μg L–1 and 80 000 μg L–1, with 3 of the species tested (M. macleayi, A. cumingi, and H. viridissima) being more sensitive to Mn than all but 1 species in the international literature (Hyalella azteca). A loss of Mn was observed on the final day for 2 of the H. viridissima toxicity tests, which may be a result of the complex speciation of Mn and biological oxidation. International data from toxicity tests conducted in natural water with a similar physicochemistry to Magela Creek water were combined with the present study's data to increase the sample size to produce a more reliable species sensitivity distribution. A 99% protection guideline value of 73 μg L–1 (33−466 μg L–1) was derived; the low value of this guideline value reflects the higher toxicity of Mn in slightly acidic soft waters. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:2856–2863. © 2015 Commonwealth of Australia. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
Valuing Reductions in Fatal Illness Risks: Implications of Recent Research
Authors: Robinson Lisa A. , Hammitt James K. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe value of mortality risk reductions, conventionally expressed as the value per statistical life, is an important determinant of the net benefits of many government policies. US regulators currently rely primarily on studies of fatal injuries, raising questions about whether different values might be appropriate for risks associated with fatal illnesses. Our review suggests that, despite the substantial expansion of the research base in recent years, few US studies of illness‐related risks meet criteria for quality, and those that do yield similar values to studies of injury‐related risks. Given this result, combining the findings of these few studies with the findings of the more robust literature on injury‐related risks appears to provide a reasonable range of estimates for application in regulatory analysis. Our review yields estimates ranging from about $4.2 million to $13.7 million with a mid‐point of $9.0 million (2013 dollars). Although the studies we identify differ from those that underlie the values currently used by Federal agencies, the resulting estimates are remarkably similar, suggesting that there is substantial consensus emerging on the values applicable to the general US population. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lipoprotein apheresis reduces circulating galectin‐3 in humans
Authors: Eliaz Isaac , Weil Elaine , Dutton Julie‐Ann , McCalley Audrey E. , Nolte Barbie , Moriarty Patrick M. 
Published: June 2015

Background:Plasma galectin‐3 (Gal‐3) is elevated in, and drives, diverse systemic inflammatory disorders, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. Circulating Gal‐3 promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis, as well as fibrotic remodeling, and is a promising therapeutic target. Apheresis has proven utility in reducing circulating disease‐promoting substances, exemplified by the success of lipoprotein apheresis (LA) in abrogating cardiovascular disease progression in drug‐refractory hypercholesterolemia patients. We compared the clinical utility of two FDA‐approved LA systems in reducing plasma Gal‐3 in humans.Methods:Plasma Gal‐3 levels were assessed by ELISA in blinded samples drawn pre‐ and post‐apheresis from hypercholesterolemia patients (n = 10/group) undergoing therapeutic LA using either a heparin‐induced extracorporeal LDL precipitation (HELP) or dextran sulfate‐adsorption (DSA) system.Results:Mean baseline plasma Gal‐3 concentrations (±SD) were 14.3 ± 5.1 (range 6.6–22.8) and 14.5 ± 2.8 (range 10.6–19.8) ng/mL in the HELP and DSA groups, respectively. Post‐apheresis Gal‐3 levels were respectively reduced by 19.4% and 22.7% in the HELP (P = 0.0094) and DSA (P = 0.0027) systems (paired t‐tests); the difference between devices was insignificant (P = 0.5288; Mann–Whitney). Post‐treatment Gal‐3 levels were 11.3 ± 3.7 (HELP; range 4.5–16.3) and 11.3 ± 3.8 (DSA; range 7.5–20.7) ng/mL.Conclusions:Circulating Gal‐3 levels showed a statistically significant decrease in humans undergoing therapeutic LA. Although absolute Gal‐3 reduction was ≈19–23%, this effect, combined with reducing atherogenic LDL and other inflammation mediators (e.g., CRP, fibrinogen, Lp‐PLA2), may enhance apheresis clinical benefits. Applying new Gal‐3‐specific extraction technologies to apheresis may be advantageous in treating diverse pathologies that are promoted by elevated plasma Gal‐3. J. Clin. Apheresis 31:388–392, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Variation in readmission rates by emergency departments and emergency department providers caring for patients after discharge
Authors: Singh Siddhartha , Lin Yu‐Li , Nattinger Ann B. , Kuo Yong‐Fang , Goodwin James S. 
Published: June 2015

BACKGROUNDThe role of the emergency department (ED) provider and ED facility in readmissions of recently discharged patients who visit the ED has not been studied.OBJECTIVETo determine the variation in readmission rates by ED facility and ED providers caring for patients after discharge.DESIGNRetrospective cohort study using multilevel, multivariable models of 100% Texas Medicare claims data from the years 2007 to 2011.SETTINGTexas acute‐care hospitals and ED facilities.PATIENTS: Medicare beneficiaries who visited an ED within 30 days of discharge from a hospital.INTERVENTIONNone.MEASUREMENT: Readmission after an ED visit within 30 days of discharge from an initial hospitalization defined as a hospitalization starting the day of or the day following the ED visit.RESULTSThe mean readmission rate following an ED visit was 52.67%. In 2‐level models, 14.2% of ED providers readmitted significantly more patients (mean readmission rate of 67.2%) than the mean; 14.7% of ED providers readmitted significantly fewer patients (mean readmission rate of 36.8%) than the mean. After accounting for the ED facility in 3‐level models, the variance for the ED providers decreased 65% from 0.2532 to 0.0893.CONCLUSIONSThe risk of readmission varies by ED provider caring for patients after discharge. A large part of this variation is explained by the ED facility in which the ED providers practice. Thus, ED provider practices patterns and ED facility systems of care may be a target for interventions to reduce readmissions. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;10:705–710. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
Effects of 2D wedge design as a wayfinding facilitator in a 3D virtual environment
Authors: Chen Chien‐Hsiung , Chen Shih‐Chieh 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate users' wayfinding task performance and subjective preference in a three‐dimensional (3D) virtual environment. The research variables are interaction mode (touch sensitive vs body movement modes), viewing perspective [first‐person perspective (1PP) versus third‐person perspective (3PP)], and gender (man versus woman). Three difficult levels of tasks were conducted, i.e., A, A‐P, and A‐A types. The experiment is 2 × 2 × 2 between‐subject design. Participants needed to complete three wayfinding tasks and fill out subjective preference questionnaires regarding task fluency, satisfaction, system usability scale, and NASA Task Load Index (NASA‐TLX). Fifty‐six participants (28 men and 28 women) were invited using convenient sampling method. The results are as follows: (1) Participants adopting touch‐sensitive mode performed better than body movement mode. (2) Participants using touch‐sensitive mode could have better task fluency and higher SUS score, and with less effort and frustration. (3) Participants adopting 3PP had better wayfinding task performance than first‐person perspective. They also had higher system usability scale score and spent less effort for having wider viewing perspective. (4) The gender variable only showed significant effect in A‐P type of wayfinding task. Men performed better than women. It is concluded that adopting touch‐sensitive interaction and 3PP designs can better facilitate users' wayfinding tasks.
Dysarthria and Stutter as Presenting Symptoms of Late‐Onset Tay‐Sachs Disease in Three Siblings
Authors: Grim Kristina K. , Phillips Gregory D. , Renner David R. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLate‐onset Tay‐Sachs disease (LOTS) is a rare autosomal‐recessive genetic disorder caused by insufficient activity of the lysosomal enzyme, beta‐hexosaminidase A, resulting in intracellular accumulation of gangliosides in the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations can include unsteadiness in gait, muscle weakness, cognitive dysfunction, psychiatric disturbance, and dysarthric speech. The variable presentation of these symptoms, combined with the late onset of the disease, often results in misdiagnosis. We present video of 3 sibling cases of LOTS in which a dysarthric stutter was the sole presenting symptom in order to better characterize the phenotype of this disease.
Real‐time distortion correction of spiral and echo planar images using the gradient system impulse response function
Authors: Campbell‐Washburn Adrienne E. , Xue Hui , Lederman Robert J. , Faranesh Anthony Z. , Hansen Michael S. 
Published: June 2015

PurposeMRI‐guided interventions demand high frame rate imaging, making fast imaging techniques such as spiral imaging and echo planar imaging (EPI) appealing. In this study, we implemented a real‐time distortion correction framework to enable the use of these fast acquisitions for interventional MRI.MethodsDistortions caused by gradient waveform inaccuracies were corrected using the gradient impulse response function (GIRF), which was measured by standard equipment and saved as a calibration file on the host computer. This file was used at runtime to calculate the predicted k‐space trajectories for image reconstruction. Additionally, the off‐resonance reconstruction frequency was modified in real time to interactively deblur spiral images.ResultsReal‐time distortion correction for arbitrary image orientations was achieved in phantoms and healthy human volunteers. The GIRF‐predicted k‐space trajectories matched measured k‐space trajectories closely for spiral imaging. Spiral and EPI image distortion was visibly improved using the GIRF‐predicted trajectories. The GIRF calibration file showed no systematic drift in 4 months and was demonstrated to correct distortions after 30 min of continuous scanning despite gradient heating. Interactive off‐resonance reconstruction was used to sharpen anatomical boundaries during continuous imaging.ConclusionsThis real‐time distortion correction framework will enable the use of these high frame rate imaging methods for MRI‐guided interventions. Magn Reson Med 75:2278–2285, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On contrast mechanisms in p‐space imaging
Authors: Straub Sina , Ladd Mark E. , Wetscherek Andreas , Laun Frederik B. 
Published: June 2015

PurposeThe effects of microstructure on susceptibility mapping have recently received increasing attention. In this work, the capability of p‐space imaging to resolve subvoxel structure and susceptibility is assessed.MethodsIn a simulation study, the p‐space contrast of axon bundles comprised of hollow cylinders is investigated. Various axon and susceptibility distributions are considered and compared with the corresponding case of a voxel with homogeneous substructure of the order of the voxel size.ResultsMR signal behavior for p‐space imaging of a voxel containing axon bundles and a voxel containing homogeneous substructure are nearly identical.Conclusionp‐Space imaging resolves subvoxel structure of the order of the voxel size. Due to dephasing effects, strong susceptibility variations alter p‐space contrast. However, p‐space contrast is not directly linked to the susceptibility of the axon compartment. Magn Reson Med 75:2526–2533, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.