bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cartographie de l'imputabilité : Concepts fondamentaux et sous-types
Authors: Lindberg Staffan I. 
Published: June 2013

L’essor récent de « l’imputabilité » dans l’administration publique et le développement international semble s’écarter en partie de plusieurs siècles d’études conceptuelles et empiriques menées dans les disciplines connexes que sont la finance et la comptabilité et dans la science politique. Dans le présent article, nous rassemblons le sens fondamental de la notion d’imputabilité telle qu’utilisée dans des centaines d’études et tentons de mettre de l’ordre dans la litanie de sous-types présente dans cette littérature. Un système d’organisation à trois dimensions (source de contrôle, vigueur du contrôle et direction de la relation) permet d’appréhender les différents types d’imputabilité qui existent. La typologie qui en résulte indique par ailleurs que les différents sous-types présentent non seulement des acteurs et des caractéristiques différents, mais qu’ils cherchent aussi à défendre des valeurs variables et qu’ils sont confrontés à des défis différents. Ces observations ont des implications importantes pour la recherche et l(‘impossibilité) de traduire les conclusions d’un sous-type à un autre, de même que des implications pratiques pour le monde de la politique. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens L’imputabilité peut prendre différentes formes en fonction des acteurs (citoyens/politiciens, politiciens/bureaucrates, juges/citoyens). Ces types d’imputabilité visent à protéger des valeurs différentes et s’accompagnent de problèmes variables. L’imputabilité n’est cependant pas tout : il ne s’agit que de l’un des multiples moyens de limiter l’usage du pouvoir (ou l’abus de pouvoir). Dans le présent article, nous donnons des détails sur l’idée fondamentale d’imputabilité. Nous décrirons ensuite la gamme complète des sous-types avec leurs caractéristiques et leurs problèmes propres. Notre article sera utile aux décideurs et aux praticiens qui cherchent à faire face aux faiblesses de divers acteurs en matière d’imputabilité en prenant en considération leurs différences.
L'imputabilité en Europe centrale et orientale : Entre concept et réalité
Authors: Veselý Arnošt 
Published: June 2013

Le présent article traite de l’imputabilité dans les nouveaux États membres de l’Union européenne (UE-10). Nous commencerons par passer en revue les différentes définitions de la notion d’imputabilité. Nous analyserons ensuite l’imputabilité dans l’UE-10 dans le cadre de trois perspectives théoriques (les déficits d’imputabilité, la surcharge d’imputabilité et les pièges de l’imputabilité). Nous nous intéresserons ensuite au caractère particulier du régime d’imputabilité dans l’UE-10, ainsi qu’aux explications possibles. Nous soutenons que le régime d’imputabilité dans l’UE-10 est caractérisé par un décalage entre l’existence formelle d’une série de mécanismes d’imputabilité et leur mise en œuvre effective (« imputabilité dormante »). Cela peut s’expliquer par le contexte dans lequel les mécanismes d’imputabilité sont intégrés (niveau élevé de corruption, de clientélisme, faible niveau de confiance), par les changements fréquents qui surviennent dans la représentation politique et l’administration publique et par l’absence de personnes averties et impartiales envers qui on est responsable. Nous conclurons en présentant les implications pour les recherches comparatives empiriques et la théorie. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens L’imputabilité a beau être l’un des concepts les plus importants dans l’administration publique, rares sont les analyses empiriques qui lui sont consacrées, en particulier dans les pays d’Europe centrale et orientale (PECO). Les recherches empiriques doivent se baser sur des propositions ayant une pertinence pratique. Nous formulons trois propositions de ce type – le déficit d’imputabilité, la surcharge d’imputabilité et l’asymétrie de l’imputabilité. Cela passe par une prise en considération des contextes plus larges dans lesquels l’imputabilité est intégrée, par l’analyse des relations d’imputabilité au fil du temps et par une distinction clairement établie entre l’imputabilité de jure et l’imputabilité de facto .
Personal Assistance for Children and Adolescents (0‐18) with Both Physical and Intellectual Impairments
Authors: Mayo‐Wilson Evan , Montgomery Paul , Dennis Jane 
Published: June 2013

Studies urgently needed to assess effects of Personal Assistance for children and teens with physical impairments.Personal assistance is here defined as paid support of at least 20 hours per week for people with impairments. This review investigated the effectiveness of personal assistance versus any other form of care for children and adolescents with physical impairments. A literature search identified no studies that met the inclusion criteria.This review is part of a series of reviews; evidence from related reviews about different populations might be informative to researchers and practitioners.AbstractBackgroundThere is a high and increasing prevalence of impairments among children and adolescents in the West. Many countries offer personal assistance in the form of individualised support for people living in the community by a paid assistant other than a healthcare professional for at least 20 hours per week.ObjectivesTo assess the effectiveness of personal assistance for children and adolescents with both physical and intellectual impairments, and the impacts of personal assistance on others, compared to other interventions.Search methodsElectronic databases including CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ERIC, Dissertation Abstracts International and a variety of specialist Swedish databases were searched from 1980 to June 2005; reference lists were checked; 345 experts, organisations, government bodies and charities were contacted in an attempt to locate relevant research.Selection criteriaChildren and adolescents with both physical and intellectual impairments (0‐18 years) living in the community who require assistance to perform tasks of daily living (e.g., bathing and eating) and participate in normal activities due to permanent impairments. Controlled studies of personal assistance in which participants were prospectively assigned to study groups and in which control group outcomes were measured concurrently with intervention group outcomes were included.Data collection and analysisTitles and abstracts were examined by two reviewers. 130 full papers were examined. None met the inclusion criteria.ResultsNo eligible studies were found.Authors’ conclusionsResearch in this field is limited, though one related review provides some evidence of the effectiveness of personal assistance for children and adolescents with intellectual impairments. When implementing new programmes, recipients could be randomly assigned to different forms of assistance. While advocates may support personal assistance for myriad reasons, this review demonstrates that further studies are required to determine which models of personal assistance are most effective and efficient for particular people.
Idiopathic CD4 Lymphocytopenia: Spectrum of opportunistic infections, malignancies, and autoimmune diseases
Authors: Ahmad Dina S , Esmadi Mohammad , Steinmann William C 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIdiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia (ICL) was first defined in 1992 by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as the repeated presence of a CD4+ T lymphocyte count of fewer than 300 cells per cubic millimeter or of less than 20% of total T cells with no evidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and no condition that might cause depressed CD4 counts. Most of our knowledge about ICL comes from scattered case reports. The aim of this study was to collect comprehensive data from the previously published cases to understand the characteristics of this rare condition. We searched the PubMed database and Science Direct for case reports since 1989 for Idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia cases. We found 258 cases diagnosed with ICL in 143 published papers. We collected data about age, sex, pathogens, site of infections, CD4 count, CD8 count, CD4:CD8 ratio, presence of HIV risk factors, malignancies, autoimmune diseases and whether the patients survived or died. The mean age at diagnosis of first opportunistic infection (or ICL if no opportunistic infection reported) was 40.7 ± 19.2 years (standard deviation), with a range of 1 to 85. One-sixty (62%) patients were males, 91 (35.2%) were females, and 7 (2.7%) patients were not identified whether males or females. Risk factors for HIV were documented in 36 (13.9%) patients. The mean initial CD4 count was 142.6 ± 103.9/mm 3 (standard deviation). The mean initial CD8 count was 295 ± 273.6/mm 3 (standard deviation). The mean initial CD4:CD8 ratio was 0.6 ± 0.7 (standard deviation). The mean lowest CD4 count was 115.4 ± 87.1/mm 3 (standard deviation). The majority of patients 226 (87.6%) had at least one infection. Cryptococcal infections were the most prevalent infections in ICL patients (26.6%), followed by mycobacterial infections (17%), candidal infections (16.2%), and VZV infections (13.1%). Malignancies were reported in 47 (18.1%) patients. Autoimmune diseases were reported in 37 (14.2%) patients.
The Tyranny of Narrative
Authors: Silberman Neil A. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTNarrative is the heart of heritage interpretation, and modern Middle Eastern narratives of national histories tell distinct and conflicting tales. This paper highlights some major genres of archaeological and historical storytelling and analyzes the symbolic messages they convey. A closer look at the juxtaposition of competing story forms reveals a complex intertwining, in which one nation or ethnic group's “period of desolation” is simultaneous with their rivals' “Golden Age.”
Adverse Effects of Lead Acetate on Light Weight Protein of Bactrocera dorsalis
Authors: Rizwanul Haq  , M. Farhanullah Khan  , Ehteshamul Haq  
Published: June 2013

ALarge number of insects are influenced easily by a number of pollutants; such as, the influence of lead (as lead acetate) on Bactrocera dorsalis. Lead is considered to be an important toxic waste which could contaminate the environment, such as soil, air and water. Therefore, insects could be influenced by the lead. Bactrocera dorsalis, was studied at 48 hours post treatment, under the effects of lead acetate, in different concentrations. Lead is found to exert a definite specific physiological and morphological effect on these flies. It was observed that under the effect of lead abnormalities and deformities were developed in the larvae of flies. Thus these flies could present a useful module for the quick transmission of the environmental hazards due to lead contamination, which exerts a specific physiological and morphological effect on these flies. The purpose of the present work was to determine the effects of lead on proteins as a major indicator of physiological features along with morphological features of larvae of Bactrocera dorsalis flies.
Joël Beddows, agent double
Authors: Nutting Stéphanie 
Published: June 2013

Un des rares metteurs en scène qui savent naviguer avec aisance dans les labyrinthes de l’espace double de la francophonie ontarienne, Joël Beddows a réalisé d’importantes mises en scène dont : Le testament du couturier (Michel Ouellette), La société de Métis (Normand Chaurette), Le Projet Rideau Project (collectif) et Frères d’hiver (Michel Ouellette), sans nommer toutes celles qu’il a réalisées en anglais. Dans cette étude, il s’agit de cerner l’esthétique théâtrale du metteur en scène, en mettant ses réalisations en rapport avec le milieu théâtral de l’Ontario français et en étudiant les deux tendances majeures – et parfois paradoxales – qui sous-tendent l’ensemble de sa pratique. L’article comprend aussi, en annexe, la liste des principales réalisations de Beddows.
La littérature pour la jeunesse ou l’art de « danser dans les chaînes » : trois textes sur la diaspora haïtienne en Amérique du Nord
Authors: Ziethen Antje 
Published: June 2013

Le présent article se propose de sonder un corpus de littérature pour la jeunesse provenant d’auteurs haïtiens de la diaspora nord-américaine, afin d’en découvrir les leitmotivs et leur inscription dans un contexte de migration. À partir des oeuvres de Marie-Célie Agnant (Alexis d’Haïti,Alexis, fils de Raphaël) et de Stanley Péan (La mémoire ensanglantée), tous deux résidant au Québec, ainsi que d’Edwidge Danticat (Behind the Mountains), installée à New York, nous interrogerons la manière dont ce genre infléchit les topoï de la littérature dite postcoloniale (pour adultes) dans un univers d’enfants ou d’adolescents. Nous montrerons que – quoique soumise à des contraintes par rapport à son contenu et à sa forme – cette écriture s’invente des stratégies narratives, stylistiques et pédagogiques afin de familiariser le jeune lecteur avec un univers inconnu, parfois injuste et violent. Pourtant, nonobstant la représentation de la souffrance, de l’exclusion ou du malaise, se déploie, à travers la parole simple mais imaginative des enfants, un monde fabuleux, où se conjuguent aventures, épreuves, dépassement et rencontres enrichissantes. Enfin, émergera de l’analyse des textes leur dessein multiple : disséminer, sensibiliser, éduquer, divertir et inspirer un lectorat prêt à se laisser emporter, à apprendre plus sur soi-même et autrui.
Titanium Microbead‐Based Porous Implants: Bead Size Controls Cell Response and Host Integration
Authors: Vrana Nihal Engin , Dupret‐Bories Agnès , Schultz Philippe , Debry Christian , Vautier Dominique , Lavalle Philippe 
Published: June 2013

AbstractOpenly porous structures in implants are desirable for better integration with the host tissue. Sintered microbead‐based titanium implants for oto‐rhinolaryngology applications, which create an environment where the cells can migrate in the areas between the microbeads, are developed. This structure promotes fibrovascular tissue formation within the implant in vivo. In this study, it is determine to what extent these events can be controlled by changing the physical environment of the implants both in vitro and in vivo. By cell tracking, it is observed that the size of the beads and the distance between the neighboring beads significantly affect the ability of cells to develop cell‐to‐cell contacts and to bridge the pores. Live cell staining shows that as the bead size gets smaller, the probability to observe cells that fill the porous areas is higher. This also affects the initial attachment and distribution of the cells and collagen secretion by fibroblasts. Obtaining a fast coverage of the system also enables co‐culture systems where, the number and the distribution of the second cell type are boosted by the presence of the first. This concept is utilized to increase the attachment of vascular endothelial cells by an initial layer of fibroblasts. By decreasing the bead diameter, the overall colonization of the implant can be significantly increased in vivo. The effect of bead size has a similar pattern both in rats and rabbits, with faster colonization of smaller bead‐based structures. Using smaller beads would improve clinical outcomes as faster integration facilitates the attainment of functionality by the implant.
Musculoskeletal disorders among clerical workers in Los Angeles: A labor management approach
Authors: Delp Linda , Wang Pin‐Chieh 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundMusculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) persist among clerical workers despite ergonomic advances.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey among 2,310 clerical workers investigated MSD cases, defined as musculoskeletal discomfort and seeking treatment for that discomfort in the past 12 months. A modified Poisson regression model was adopted to assess the association between work and individual factors and the risk of MSDs.ResultsOver half of respondents reported musculoskeletal discomfort. The prevalence of MSD cases was: 37.2% neck/shoulders, 21.7% upper extremities, 18% lower extremities, and 34.3% back region. Elevated risk of MSDs was associated with less workstation adjustability; work schedule, gender, age, and BMI were also significant. Positive trends were observed between computer use and MSDs for the neck/shoulder region and the effect was amplified among those reporting insufficient workstation adjustability and lacking computer ergonomics training.ConclusionsResults demonstrate the need to limit continuous computer use and to improve the human–machine interface through adjustable workstations and worker training to enhance use of adjustable features. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:1072–1081, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mechanical characterization and application of Weibull statistics to the strength of softwood lignin‐based carbon fibers
Authors: Nordström Ylva , Joffe Roberts , Sjöholm Elisabeth 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTMechanical characterization of the first generation of softwood kraft lignin‐based carbon fibers (CF) was carried out. The single‐fiber tensile tests of filaments with different diameters and length were performed to evaluate stiffness and strength of carbon fibers. The average mechanical properties were measured as follows: tensile strength of approximately 300 MPa, the elastic modulus of 30 GPa and a strain at failure within interval of 0.7–1.2%. The fiber strength data was evaluated by the two‐parameter Weibull statistics and parameters of this distribution were obtained. Although strength of the produced fibers is still significantly lower than that of commercially available, the experimental results and predictions based on Weibull statistics show a fairly good fit. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3689–3697, 2013
Active Unbalance Control of Rotor Systems Using On‐Line Algebraic Identification Methods
Authors: Beltran‐Carbajal F. , Silva‐Navarro G. , Arias‐Montiel M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAn active control scheme based on compensation of perturbation force signals is proposed to balance rotating machinery with unknown system parameters and variable operation speed. The algebraic parameter identification methodology is applied to estimate the mass, stiffness, damping, rotor eccentricity, and on‐line reconstruction of the unknown centrifugal forces induced by rotor unbalance. In addition, an asymptotic estimation scheme of perturbation signals, which requires position measurements only, is proposed as another alternative to estimate such unbalance forces. Our design methodology considers that a disturbance signal can be locally approximated by a family of Taylor polynomials. Some simulation results are included to show the dynamic and robust performance of the active balancing scheme and perturbation force estimation methods proposed for a rotor‐magnetic bearing system.
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling of an antagonist (SM‐406/AT‐406) of multiple inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) in a mouse xenograft model of human breast cancer
Authors: Zhang Tao , Li Yanyan , Zou Peng , Yu Jing‐yu , McEachern Donna , Wang Shaomeng , Sun Duxin 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) are a class of key apoptosis regulators overexpressed or dysregulated in cancer. SM‐406/AT‐406 is a potent and selective small molecule mimetic of Smac that antagonizes the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs). A physiologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PBPK‐PD) model was developed to predict the tissue concentration–time profiles of SM‐406, the related onco‐protein levels in tumor, and the tumor growth inhibition in a mouse model bearing human breast cancer xenograft. In the whole body physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for pharmacokinetics characterization, a well stirred (perfusion rate‐limited) model was used to describe SM‐406 pharmacokinetics in the lung, heart, kidney, intestine, liver and spleen, and a diffusion rate‐limited (permeability limited) model was used for tumor. Pharmacodynamic (PD) models were developed to correlate the SM‐406 concentration in tumor to the cIAP1 degradation, pro‐caspase 8 decrease, CL‐PARP accumulation and tumor growth inhibition. The PBPK‐PD model well described the experimental pharmacokinetic data, the pharmacodynamic biomarker responses and tumor growth. This model may be helpful to predict tumor and plasma SM‐406 concentrations in the clinic. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Percutaneous edwards SAPIEN™ valve implantation for significant pulmonary regurgitation after previous surgical repair with a right ventricular outflow patch
Authors: Demkow Marcin , Rużyłło Witold , Biernacka Elżbieta Katarzyna , Kalińczuk Łukasz , Śpiewak Mateusz , Kowalski Mirosław , Sitkowska Ewa , Kuśmierczyk Mariusz , Różanski Jacek , Banaś Sławomir , Chmielak Zbigniew , Hoffman Piotr 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundCurrent indications for percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation (PPVI) are limited to patients who had their outflow tracts repaired with the use of a “full” condui—homograft. Patients after a patch repair are believed to have an unfavorable anatomy for PPVI.ObjectivesTo evaluate a novel use of Edwards SAPIENTM valve for percutaneous treatment of moderate and severe pulmonary regurgitation after tetralogy of Fallot (TF) repair with a right ventricular outflow (RVOT) patch.MethodsPPVI was intended in 10 patients (age 21–39 years, 2 ♂) with regurgitant fraction of 30–59%, measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) 16–30 years after repair with a RVOT patch. Balloon test‐inflations were used for definitive measurements and location of the landing site for the valve. All RVOTs were prestented.ResultsSuccessful valve implantation was achieved in nine patients. In one patient a bare‐metal stent used for prestenting embolized into pulmonary artery. A 26‐mm valve was implanted in seven and a 23‐mm in two patients. CMRI at 1–2 month follow‐up (n = 8) demonstrated both, sustained relief of pulmonary incompetence (regurgitant fraction = 0–14%) and significant decrease of the right ventricular end‐diastolic volume indexes (from 169.9 ± 43.8 to 140.0 ± 40.3 ml/m2, P < 0.001). At that follow‐up no adverse event occurred. No stent fractures were observed.ConclusionsWe report the first case series of patients with significant PR after a RVOT patch repair, successfully treated with a percutaneous Edwards SAPIENTM valve implantation. The procedure is technically feasible and may be offered to patients with the outflow tracts larger than those limited by the Melody® system available currently. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.