bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do 12-Week Yoga Program Influence Respiratory Function Of Elderly Women?
Authors: Bezerra Lídia Aguiar , Fabrício de Melo Helton , Garay Ana Paula , Reis Victor Machado , Aidar Felipe José , Bodas Ana Rita , Garrido Nuno Domingos , Jacó de Oliveira Ricardo 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Aging produces several respiratory limitations and reduces tolerance to physical efforts, sometimes leading to pulmonary diseases in the elderly. The literature draws attention to the possible benefits of Yoga practice among the elderly, presenting evidence for significant improvements in quality of life. It was hypothesized that yoga practice can improve respiratory function in the elderly. The effects of a yoga program on pulmonary volumes and respiratory muscle strength were verified in 36 elderly women divided into a yoga group [YG] (63.1 ± 13.3 years of age) and a control group (61.0 ± 6.9 years of age). Maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure (MIP and MEP) were assessed by a manovacuometer and tidal volume (VT), vital capacity (VC) and minute ventilation (VE) were measured by a ventilometer. The program comprised 65 min sessions, 3 times/week during 12 weeks. The heart rate and respiratory rate decreased significantly in the YG (76-39 ± 8-03 vs. 74-61±10.26 bpm and 18.61 ± 3.15 vs. 16.72 ± 3.12 resp/min, respectively). In the YG, VT and VE increased significantly (0.55 ± 0.22 vs. 0.64 ± 0.2 ml and 9.19 ± 2.39 vs. 10.05 ± 2.11 ml, respectively), as well as VC (1.48 ± 0.45 vs. 2.03 ± 0.72 ml). Improvements were also found in MIP and MEP in the YG (62.17 ± 14.77 vs. 73.06 ± 20.16 cmH2O and 80.56 ± 23.94 vs. 86.39 ± 20.16 cmH2O, respectively). It was concluded that a 12-week yoga program significantly improves pulmonary function of aged women.
Physiological Responses Associated with Nordic-Walking Training in Systolic Hypertensive Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Latosik Ewelina , Zubrzycki Igor Z. , Ossowski Zbigniew , Bojke Olgierd , Clarke Anna , Wiacek Magdalena , Trabka Bartosz 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Loss of physical strength and hypertension are among the most pronounced detrimental factors accompanying aging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of a supervised 8-week Nordic-walking training program on systolic blood pressure in systolic-hypertensive postmenopausal women. This study was a randomized control trial on a sample of 24 subjects who did not take any hypertension medications. There was a statistically significant decrease in systolic blood pressure and an increase in lower and upper-body strength in the group following Nordic-walking training. There was a decrease in serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density cholesterol. The obtained results indicate that an 8-week Nordic-walking program may be efficiently employed for counteracting systolic hypertension through a direct abatement of systolic blood pressure and an increase of maximal aerobic capacity.
Race Differences: Use of Walking Speed to Identify Community-Dwelling Women at Risk for Poor Health Outcomes—Osteoarthritis Initiative Study
Authors: Kirkness Carmen S. , Ren Jinma 
Published: February 2015

Background
Onset of disability, risk for future falls, frailty, functional decline, and mortality are strongly associated with a walking speed of less than 1.0 m/s.

Objective
The study objective was to determine whether there were differences in slow walking speed (&lt;1.0 m/s) between community-dwelling African American and white American adult women with osteoarthritis symptoms. An additional aim was to examine whether racial differences in walking speed can be attributed to age, obesity, socioeconomic factors, disease severity, or comorbidities.

Design
A cross-sectional design was used.

Methods
Community-dwelling adults were recruited from Baltimore, Maryland; Columbus, Ohio; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Pawtucket, Rhode Island. Participants were 2,648 women (23% African American) who were 45 to 79 years of age and had a self-selected baseline walking speed of 20 m/s in the Osteoarthritis Initiative Study. Mixed-effects logistic regression models were used to examine racial differences in walking speed (&lt;1.0 m/s versus ≥1.0 m/s), with adjustments for demographic factors, socioeconomic factors, disease severity, and comorbidities.

Results
Walking speed was significantly slower for African American women than for white American women (mean walking speed=1.19 and 1.33 m/s, respectively). The prevalence of a walking speed of less than 1.0 m/s in this cohort of middle-aged women was 9%; about 50% of the women with a walking speed of less than 1.0 m/s were younger than 65 years. Women with a walking speed of less than 1.0 m/s had lower values for socioeconomic factors, higher values for disease severity, and higher prevalences of obesity and comorbidities than those with a walking speed of ≥1.0 m/s. After controlling for these covariates, it was found that African American women were 3 times (odds ratio=2.9; 95% confidence interval=2.0, 4.1) more likely to have a walking speed of less than 1.0 m/s than white American women.

Limitations
The study design made it impossible to know whether a walking speed of less than 1.0 m/s in women who were 45 years of age or older was a predictor of future poor health outcomes.

Conclusions
In this study, race was independently associated with a walking speed of less than 1.0 m/s in community-dwelling women who had or were at risk for osteoarthritis, with African American women having 3 times the risk for slow walking as white American women. This finding suggests that middle-aged African American women have an increased risk for poor health outcomes. Further longitudinal evaluations are needed to confirm the long-term health outcomes in a middle-aged population and to establish walking speed as a useful tool for identifying middle-aged women at high risk for poor health outcomes.
C-5 palsy after cerebrospinal fluid diversion in posttraumatic syringomyelia: case report
Authors: Ghobrial George M. , Beygi Sara , Viereck Matthew J. , Heller Joshua E. , Sharan Ashwini , Jallo Jack , Harrop James S. , Prasad Srinivas 
Published: February 2015

Syringomyelia is a potentially debilitating disease that involves abnormal CSF flow mechanics; its incidence after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is approximately 15%. Treatment consists of restoration of CSF flow, typically via arachnoidolysis and syrinx decompression. The authors present a case of pronounced syringomyelia in a patient with concomitant severe cervical myelomalacia to demonstrate unilateral C-5 palsy as a potential complication of aggressive syrinx decompression at a remote level.
A 56-year-old man with a remote history of SCI at T-11 (ASIA [American Spinal Injury Association] Grade A) presented with complaints of ascending motor and sensory weakness into the bilateral upper extremities that had progressed over 1 year. MRI demonstrated severe distortion of the spinal cord at the prior injury level of T10–11, where an old anterior column injury and prior hook-rod construct was visualized. Of note, the patient had a holocord syrinx with demonstrable myelomalacia. To restore CSF flow and decompress the spinal cord, T-2 and T-3 laminectomies, followed by arachnoidolysis and syringopleural shunt placement, were performed. Postoperatively on Day 1, with the exception of a unilateral deltoid palsy, the patient had immediate improvement in upper-extremity strength and myelopathy. He was discharged from the hospital on postoperative Day 5; however, at his 2-week follow-up visit, a persistent unilateral deltoid palsy was noted. MRI demonstrated a significant reduction in the holocord syrinx, no neural foraminal stenosis, and a significant positional shift of the ventral spinal cord. Further motor recovery was noted at the 8-month follow-up.
Syringomyelia is a debilitating disease arising most often as a result of traumatic SCI. In the setting of myelomalacia with a pronounced syrinx, C-5 palsy is a potential complication of syrinx decompression.
Surgical outcomes of long spinal fusions for scoliosis in adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Mesfin Addisu , El Dafrawy Mostafa H. , Jain Amit , Hassanzadeh Hamid , Kostuik John P. , Lemma Mesfin A. , Kebaish Khaled M. 
Published: February 2015

OBJECT
In this study, the authors compared outcomes and complications in patients with and without rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who underwent surgery for spinal deformity.

METHODS
The authors searched the Johns Hopkins University database for patients with RA (Group RA) and without RA (Group NoRA) who underwent long spinal fusion for scoliosis by 3 surgeons at 1 institution from 2000 through 2012. Groups RA and NoRA each had 14 patients who were well matched with regard to sex (13 women/1 man and 12 women/2 men, respectively), age (mean 66.3 years [range 40.5–81.9 years] and 67.6 years [range 51–81 years]), follow-up duration (mean 35.4 months [range 1–87 months] and 44 months [range 24–51 months]), and number of primary (8 and 8) and revision (6 and 6) surgeries. Surgical outcomes, invasiveness scores, and complications were compared between the groups using the nonpaired Student t-test (p < 0.05).

RESULTS
For Groups RA and NoRA, there were no significant differences in the average number of levels fused (10.6 [range 9–17] vs 10.3 [range 7–17], respectively; p = 0.4), the average estimated blood loss (2892 ml [range 1300–5000 ml] vs 3100 ml [range 1700–5200 ml]; p = 0.73), or the average invasiveness score (35.5 [range 21–51] vs 34.5 [range 23–58]; p = 0.8). However, in Group RA, the number of major complications was significantly higher (23 vs 11; p < 0.001), the number of secondary procedures was significantly higher (14 vs 6; p < 0.001), and the number of minor complications was significantly lower (4 vs 12; p < 0.001) than those in Group NoRA.

CONCLUSIONS
Long spinal fusion in patients with RA is associated with higher rates of major complications and secondary procedures than in patients without RA.
Tumor pseudoprogression of spinal metastasis after radiosurgery: a novel concept and case reports
Authors: Taylor Douglas R. , Weaver Jason A. 
Published: February 2015

Radiosurgery for primary and metastatic tumors of the central nervous system is increasing in utility and intensity. Known complications in the brain include radiation necrosis and the well-documented phenomenon of pseudoprogression. Known complications of radiosurgery to spinal column tumors include radiation myelopathy and delayed vertebral compression fractures; however, the concept of pseudoprogression of spinal column tumors has not been previously described. The authors review 2 cases of spinal metastasis treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and attempt to define the concept of spine tumor pseudoprogression.
Two patients who had undergone SRS to the spine for metastatic disease presented in early follow-up (3 and 7 weeks) with symptomatic complaints consisting of axial pain, radicular pain, or evidence of cord compression. In both patients, MRI revealed evidence of tumor enlargement. In one patient, the lesion had grown by 9 mm and 7.7 mm in the axial and sagittal planes, respectively. In the other patient, the tumor growth resulted in a 5-mm decrease in spinal canal diameter with epidural compression and right foraminal encroachment. Because of the absence of progressive neurological deficit, myelopathy, mechanical symptomatology of instability, or vertebral compression fracture, the first patient was treated expectantly with a corticosteroid taper and had improvement of symptoms at 1 month and near-total radiographic resolution of the tumor. In the second patient, worsening symptoms suggested a need for surgical intervention to address presumed radiosurgical failure and tumor progression. During surgery, only necrotic tumor cells were observed, without viable tumor. Follow-up imaging over 1 year showed ongoing local control.
To their knowledge, the authors report the first description of pseudoprogression involving spinal column metastasis in the literature and aim to alert the treating physician to this clinical situation. Unlike brain tumor pseudoprogression, spine tumor pseudoprogression is a relatively early posttreatment phenomenon, measured in days to 2 months. The authors believe that the acute inflammatory response associated with tumor necrosis and disruption of the tumor capillary integrity caused by radiotherapy is an important component in the development of pseudoprogression. Future studies will be fundamental in assigning clinical significance, defining the incidence and predictors, and affecting future management of this phenomenon.
Cranial neurosurgical 30-day readmissions by clinical indication
Authors: Moghavem Nuriel , Morrison Doug , Ratliff John K. , Hernandez-Boussard Tina 
Published: February 2015

OBJECT
Postsurgical readmissions are common and vary by procedure. They are significant drivers of increased expenditures in the health care system. Reducing readmissions is a national priority that has summoned significant effort and resources. Before the impact of quality improvement efforts can be measured, baseline procedure-related 30-day all-cause readmission rates are needed. The objects of this study were to determine population-level, 30-day, all-cause readmission rates for cranial neurosurgery and identify factors associated with readmission.

METHODS
The authors identified patient discharge records for cranial neurosurgery and their 30-day all-cause readmissions using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) State Inpatient Databases for California, Florida, and New York. Patients were categorized into 4 groups representing procedure indication based on ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes. Logistic regression models were developed to identify patient characteristics associated with readmissions. The main outcome measure was unplanned inpatient admission within 30 days of discharge.

RESULTS
A total of 43,356 patients underwent cranial neurosurgery for neoplasm (44.23%), seizure (2.80%), vascular conditions (26.04%), and trauma (26.93%). Inpatient mortality was highest for vascular admissions (19.30%) and lowest for neoplasm admissions (1.87%; p < 0.001). Thirty-day readmissions were 17.27% for the neoplasm group, 13.89% for the seizure group, 23.89% for the vascular group, and 19.82% for the trauma group (p < 0.001). Significant predictors of 30-day readmission for neoplasm were Medicaid payer (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.15–1.54) and fluid/electrolyte disorder (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.29–1.62); for seizure, male sex (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.17–2.60) and index admission through the emergency department (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.45–3.43); for vascular, Medicare payer (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.05–1.39) and renal failure (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.29–1.80); and for trauma, congestive heart failure (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.16–1.80) and coagulopathy (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.25–1.84). Many readmissions had primary diagnoses identified by the AHRQ as potentially preventable.

CONCLUSIONS
The frequency of 30-day readmission rates for patients undergoing cranial neurosurgery varied by diagnosis between 14% and 24%. Important patient characteristics and comorbidities that were associated with an increased readmission risk were identified. Some hospital-level characteristics appeared to be associated with a decreased readmission risk. These baseline readmission rates can be used to inform future efforts in quality improvement and readmission reduction.
Current surgical results with low-grade brain arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Potts Matthew B. , Lau Darryl , Abla Adib A. , Kim Helen , Young William L. , Lawton Michael T. 
Published: February 2015

OBJECT
Resection is an appealing therapy for brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) because of its high cure rate, low complication rate, and immediacy, and has become the first-line therapy for many AVMs. To clarify safety, efficacy, and outcomes associated with AVM resection in the aftermath of A Randomized Trial of Unruptured Brain AVMs (ARUBA), the authors reviewed their experience with low-grade AVMs—the most favorable AVMs for surgery and the ones most likely to have been selected for treatment outside of ARUBA's randomization process.

METHODS
A prospective AVM registry was searched to identify patients with Spetzler-Martin Grade I and II AVMs treated using resection during a 16-year period.

RESULTS
Of the 232 surgical patients included, 120 (52%) presented with hemorrhage, 33% had Spetzler-Martin Grade I, and 67% had Grade II AVMs. Overall, 99 patients (43%) underwent preoperative embolization, with unruptured AVMs embolized more often than ruptured AVMs. AVM resection was accomplished in all patients and confirmed angiographically in 218 patients (94%). There were no deaths among patients with unruptured AVMs. Good outcomes (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score 0–1) were found in 78% of patients, with 97% improved or unchanged from their preoperative mRS scores. Patients with unruptured AVMs had better functional outcomes (91% good outcome vs 65% in the ruptured group, p = 0.0008), while relative outcomes were equivalent (98% improved/unchanged in patients with ruptured AVMs vs 96% in patients with unruptured AVMs).

CONCLUSIONS
Surgery should be regarded as the “gold standard” therapy for the majority of low-grade AVMs, utilizing conservative embolization as a preoperative adjunct. High surgical cure rates and excellent functional outcomes in patients with both ruptured and unruptured AVMs support a dominant surgical posture for low-grade AVMS, with radiosurgery reserved for risky AVMs in deep, inaccessible, and highly eloquent locations. Despite the technological advances in endovascular and radiosurgical therapy, surgery still offers the best cure rate, lowest risk profile, and greatest protection against hemorrhage for low-grade AVMs. ARUBA results are influenced by a low randomization rate, bias toward nonsurgical therapies, a shortage of surgical expertise, a lower rate of complete AVM obliteration, a higher rate of delayed hemorrhage, and short study duration. Another randomized trial is needed to reestablish the role of surgery in unruptured AVM management.
La place de Max Weber dans la sociologie du droit allemande contemporaine
Authors: Treiber Hubert 
Published: February 2015

This contribution describes and analyses how Maw Weber's sociology of law was received by German post-war Rechtssoziologie. Since this discipline is covered both by jurists and social scientists, we outline the history of how Weber's sociology of law was received both by jurisprudence (including the history of law and comparative law) and by the social sciences. We begin with 1947, the year when the third edition of Economy and Society was published. Particular attention is paid to the present situation.
It becomes clear that Weber is acknowledged as a classical thinker, even though little notice was taken of his sociology of law for a long time. It is only recently, since the Seventies, that a change has taken place in this respect. In the case of jurisprudence in such a way that, with the establishment of the sociology of law as a discipline in university teaching, textbooks and introductions to the sociology of law came on the market which acknowledged Weber and his sociology oflaw. It has also to be stated, however, that it is generally rare for jurists to "work" with Weber. Within the social sciences, Weber's sociology of law has received attention to the extent that the leading interpreters of Weber became involved with the reconstruction of Weber's theory of rationalisation. With a few exceptions, which deal directly with Weber's sociology of law (in the sense of a reconstruction of the legal process of rationalisation, the examination of the theses inherited from Weber, taking up again the questions that he prompted), Weber's sociology of law thus occupies a special place in the social sciences, since it is presented as being embedded in greater theoretical contexts (theories of rationalisation, theories concerning the origins of the modem age). This can be proved with the aid of the theoretical drafts of Habermas, Schluchter and Muench that are presented in this paper. We do not restrict ourselves exclusively to describing the history of its reception, but with the aid of the extensive material we also deal with the question of the conditions for the reception of this classic study by Weber. Attention is also paid to the question of which subjects (e.g. increasing legalization or "explosion of statutory law") have become independent through the reception of Weber's sociology oflaw, and which determine the present discussion in the Federal Republic of Germany.
Le juge, l'expert et le contrôle de la réalité dans les juridictions de la jeunesse en France et en Angleterre
Authors: King Michael , Garapon Antoine 
Published: February 2015

Cet article a pour objectif de vérifier trois postulats.
Premièrement, toute juridiction de la jeunesse, quel que soit le système juridique auquel elle se réfère, se caractérise par une compétition entre le juge et l'expert qui a pour enjeu le contrôle de la réalité.
Deuxièmement, il est possible de rapprocher les juridictions anglaises et françaises en soulignant les constantes dans les relations entre ces deux types d'acteurs, à savoir leurs influences réciproques sur la décision et d'autre part la protection de l'expert à l'égard de tout ce qui peut menacer son savoir et donc son statut.
Troisièmement, ce processus de reconstruction de la réalité, extrêmement complexe dans la pratique et qui résulte généralement d'une négociation et d'un compromis entre le juge et l'expert, est essentiel au succès des objectifs de l'institution.
L'enfant, cet absent omniprésent de la scène juridique
Authors: Manaï Dominique 
Published: February 2015

In order to study the way in which law rules childhood, the author opposes swiss law with its practice as regards the blurred notion of the child's interest. By so doing, she draws through her analysis four parameters which are used by legal practice in order to convey a concrete content to this undeterrnined notion, and like'wise elaborate a specific legal profile for the child, this new character on the legal scene, object of the preoccupations of the swiss legislator, at the time of the revision of the right of filiation in 1976.
While examining the child's wavering between parental authority and the authority of governmental institutions, the author puts into light the social dynamics of a dual movement in the child's submission :
a) towed by the nuclear family considered as the normative mould ;
b) its subordination to new governmental institutions, the hegemony of which surreptitiously but slowly nibbles away the area of freedom of the household.
The conclusions of this legal enquiry are enlightering : for the sake of his interest, the child's right of speech is stolen away from him. This appropriation is set in the framework of new public morals which have invested the private sphere with new legitimations.
Vertus professionnelles et morale collective : la normalisation des pratiques en matière de procréation artificielle
Authors: Memmi Dominique 
Published: February 2015

For Durkheim, the moralization of professions is an essential determination for moralization of society as a whole. Present debates among "specialists" attempting to develop artificial procreation ethics allow to think in a different way. Chances indeed that an individual has to take part in the development of collective morals prove to depend on the way he can solve what appears to him as an antinomy between two normative orders.
A comparison between attitudes of biologists and physicians of medecine involved in these debates show that access to an "ethical" position appears as a transgression of this "special moral" that professional ideal represents. Expressive compulsions facilitate it, but only professional dominance and extra-professional visibility authorize it.