bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting a gravity-darkened and precessing planetary system PTFO 8-8695: A spin–orbit non-synchronous case
Authors: Kamiaka Shoya , Masuda Kento , Xue Yuxin , Suto Yasushi , Nishioka Tsubasa , Murakami Risa , Inayama Koichiro , Saitoh Madoka , Tanaka Michisuke , Yonehara Atsunori 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
We reanalyse the time-variable light curves of the transiting planetary system PTFO 8-8695, in which a planet of 3 to 4 Jupiter masses orbits a rapidly rotating pre-main-sequence star. Both the planetary orbital period Porb of 0.448 d and the stellar spin period Ps of less than 0.671 d are unusually short, which makes PTFO 8-8695 an ideal system to check the model of gravity darkening and nodal precession. While the previous analysis of PTFO 8-8695 assumed that the stellar spin and planetary orbital periods are the same, we extend the analysis by discarding the spin–orbit synchronous condition, and find three different classes of solutions roughly corresponding to the nodal precession periods of 199 ± 16, 475 ± 21, and 827 ± 53 d that reproduce the transit light curves observed in 2009 and 2010. We compare the predicted light curves of the three solutions against the photometry data of a few percent accuracy obtained at Koyama Astronomical Observatory in 2014 and 2015, and find that the solution with a precession period of 199 ± 16 d is preferred even though it is preliminary. Future prospects and implications for other transiting systems are briefly discussed.
Percutaneous Subtrochanteric Osteotomy for Painful Dislocated Hips in Patients With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Martinez Maximilian , Kim Seung-Ju , Sabharwal Sanjeev 
Published: July 2015

Background:
Treatment of a painful, chronically dislocated hip in nonambulatory children with cerebral palsy (CP) is challenging and controversial. Although many surgical options have been described, there is limited information, including patient-centered outcomes, following treatment. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effect of a percutaneous subtrochanteric valgus osteotomy (SVO) using external fixation (EF) on hip abduction, radiographic parameters, and quality of life (QOL) measures in such patients.

Methods:
Fifteen nonambulatory patients (8 male, 7 female) with CP with 19 chronically dislocated hips underwent SVO using EF and adductor tenotomy at an average age of 14.3 years (range, 10.7 to 26.8 y). Changes in hip abduction and radiographic angular correction following surgery were assessed. Caregivers completed 2 surveys detailing differences in the patient’s QOL measures, including severity and duration of pain and ease of nursing care, and the modified Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities (CPCHILD).

Results:
Caregivers of 11 patients completed both surveys at an average follow-up of 50 months (range, 17 to 119 mo) after fixator removal. There was improvement in pain, sitting tolerance, ease of transfers, and perineal care in the majority (9/11) of patients. The modified CPCHILD (possible score, 10 to 50) improved from 27.2 to 16.23 (P=0.05). Hip abduction improved from −7 degrees (range, −32 to 5 degrees) to 24 degrees (range, 0 to 40 degrees) (P<0.0001). The average valgus osteotomy correction was 48.2 degrees (range, 2.2 to 93.2 degrees). The pelvic femoral shaft angle improved from −15.2 degrees (range, −47.7 to 7.4 degrees) to 15.4 degrees (−44.3 to 44.6 degrees). There was some correlation of both, change in hip abduction (R
2=0.55) and osteotomy angle (R
2=0.60), with improvement in QOL measures. There were 3 major complications (20%) in 15 patients.

Conclusions:
On the basis of preliminary results, percutaneous SVO stabilized with EF improves QOL in the majority of nonambulatory CP patients despite untoward events and is a viable alternative to open osteotomy with internal fixation. More robust comparative studies are needed to further assess the optimal salvage technique in this patient population.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Use of a Novel Pathway for Early Discharge Was Associated With a 48% Shorter Length of Stay After Posterior Spinal Fusion for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Fletcher Nicholas D. , Andras Lindsay M. , Lazarus David E. , Owen Robert J. , Geddes Benjamin J. , Cao Jessica , Skaggs David L. , Oswald Timothy S. , Bruce Robert W. 
Published: July 2015

Introduction:
Hospital stay after posterior spinal fusion (PSF) for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) has decreased only modestly over time despite a healthy patient population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a novel postoperative pathway on length of stay (LOS) and complications.

Methods:
A retrospective review of patients undergoing PSF for AIS in 2011 to 2012 was performed at 2 institutions evaluating demographics, preoperative Cobb angles, surgical duration, blood loss, LOS, and postoperative complications. Patients at one center were managed using an accelerated discharge (AD) pathway emphasizing early transition to oral pain medications mobilization with physical therapy 2 to 3 times/d, and discharge regardless of return of bowel function. Expectations were set with the family before surgery for early discharge. Patients at the other center were managed without a standardized pathway.

Results:
One hundred five patients underwent PSF and were treated by an AD pathway, whereas 45 patients were managed using a traditional discharge (TD) pathway. There was no difference in proximal thoracic and main thoracic Cobb magnitudes and a small difference in thoracolumbar curve magnitudes (35.2±13.0 degrees AD vs. 40.6±11.4 degrees TD, P=0.004) between groups. Surgical time was slightly shorter in AD patients (median 3.1 vs. 3.9 h, P=0.0003) with no difference in estimated blood loss. LOS was 48% shorter in the AD group (2.2 vs. 4.2 d, P<0.0001). There was no difference in readmissions or wound complications between groups.

Conclusions:
Hospital stay was nearly 50% shorter in patients managed by the AD pathway without any increase in readmissions or early complications.

Significance:
Discharge after PSF for AIS may be expedited using a coordinated postoperative pathway. No increase in complications was seen using the AD pathway. Earlier discharge may reduce health care costs and allow an earlier return to normalcy for families.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—case control study.
The Influence of Sex and Laterality on Clubfoot Severity
Authors: Zionts Lewis E. , Jew Michael H. , Ebramzadeh Edward , Sangiorgio Sophia N. 
Published: July 2015

Background:
Idiopathic clubfoot is bilateral in approximately 50% of cases and has been widely reported to affect males more frequently than females. Despite these observations, the correlation between sex and severity of the deformity has not been established. As well, the difference in severity between unilateral and bilateral clubfeet has not been extensively investigated. Therefore, the goals of the present study were to: (1) examine the relationship between sex and severity of deformity and (2) determine the relationship between laterality and severity of deformity.

Methods:
The families of infants with idiopathic clubfoot deformity treated at our institution were prospectively invited to participate in this institutional review board–approved study. Severity of the deformity was assessed by a single surgeon for each patient using the Dimeglio criteria at the first clinic visit. After evaluating the distributions, the correlations were quantified by nonparametric analyses.

Results:
Over 8 years, 240 infants met the inclusion criteria. There was no significant difference in the severity of deformity due to sex (P=0.61): the median Dimeglio score for males was 13 (variance 4.8) and for females, the median was 13.0 (variance of 5.1). In contrast, severity was distributed differently among unilateral versus bilateral patients. Although both unilateral and bilateral patients had a median Dimeglio score of 13, the ratio of bilateral patients was higher among those with moderate or very severe deformities compared with those with severe deformities (P<0.01).

Conclusions:
Although idiopathic clubfoot is commonly considered to affect male patients disproportionately, this is the first study to document no difference in severity due to sex. Further, this study demonstrated that on average, bilateral patients did not have increased severity, but presented with a larger range of severity than those patients with unilateral deformity.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—prognostic.
Wound Closure in Nonidiopathic Scoliosis: Does Closure Matter?
Authors: Ward James P. , Feldman David S. , Paul Justin , Sala Debra A. , Errico Thomas J. , Otsuka Norman Y. , Margiotta Michael S. 
Published: July 2015

Background:
Postoperative wound complications after posterior spinal fusion are difficult to manage. The incidence in the nonidiopathic patient population is significantly higher than the adolescent idiopathic population. A comparison of wound complications after posterior spinal fusion for nonidiopathic scoliosis between the utilization of the orthopaedic surgical team at the time of closure performing a nonstandardized wound closure versus a plastic surgeon with a plastic multilayered closure technique and rotational flap coverage when needed had not previously been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to compare the complication rate between nonstandardized and plastic multilayered closure of the surgical incision in patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion for nonidiopathic scoliosis.

Methods:
The charts of 76 patients with a primary diagnosis of scoliosis associated with a syndrome or neuromuscular disease and who underwent a posterior spinal fusion were reviewed. Forty-two patients had their incisions closed using the nonstandardized technique and 34 using the plastic multilayered technique. These 2 groups were compared for age, sex, primary diagnosis, number of levels fused, estimated blood loss, number of units transfused, operating room time, wound complication, and return to operating room.

Results:
The wound complication rate in the nonstandardized closure group was 19% (8/42) compared with 0% (0/34) in the plastic multilayered closure group (P=0.007). The unanticipated return to the operating room rate was 11.9% (5/42) for the nonstandardized closure patients versus 0% (0/34) for the plastic multilayered closure patients (P=0.061).

Conclusions:
The use of the plastic multilayered closure technique in this patient population is important in an effort to decrease postoperative wound complications. The ability of the surgical team to decrease the infection rate of nonidiopathic scoliosis cannot be overstated. The method of wound closure plays a major role in lowering this incidence.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—therapeutic.
Ankle Range of Motion After Posterior Subtalar and Ankle Capsulotomy for Relapsed Equinus in Idiopathic Clubfoot
Authors: Jauregui Julio J. , Zamani Shirin , Abawi Hummira H. , Herzenberg John E. 
Published: July 2015

Introduction:
Posterior capsulotomy can correct residual clubfoot deformity, but has been associated with ankle stiffness. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical ankle range of motion (ROM) following posterior capsulotomy immediately postsurgery and during long-term follow-up.

Methods:
A retrospective clinical and radiographic review of 257 patients (398 feet) was performed to evaluate all patients who required a posterior capsulotomy as part of their clubfoot management. Twenty feet (16 patients) were identified with a mean age of 73.3±37.7 months and mean Pirani score of 5.2±0.8 points. Following capsulotomy, a long-leg cast was placed and maintained for a mean of 26 days (range, 21 to 35 d). At cast removal, parents were trained and instructed to immediately begin home physiotherapy. The capsulotomy cohort was age and sex matched to a cohort treated exclusively with the Ponseti method for comparison. Children in the comparison cohort had a mean Pirani score of 5.7±0.8 points.

Results:
The mean dorsiflexion in the capsulotomy cohort significantly increased comparing the preoperative to the immediate postoperative ROM (from −6.5 to +9.7 degrees). No significant reduction in this gain was observed at latest follow-up (to +8.3 degrees). No significant difference in the plantar-flexion angle was found. Radiographically, a significant improvement in the lateral anterior tibial-calcaneal angle angles was found (P<0.05).

Conclusions:
If utilizing our protocol for early mobilization, limited use of capsulotomy to treat relapsed clubfoot does not necessarily reduce ankle ROM. Our protocol of placing the feet in casts for a shorter duration of time and providing early physiotherapy helps maintain ankle ROM after a posterior capsulotomy.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—therapeutic study.
Traumatic Brain Injury in Spinal Cord Injury: Frequency and Risk Factors
Authors: Budisin Bojana , Bradbury Cheryl C.L.B , Sharma Bhanu , Hitzig Sander L. , Mikulis David , Craven Cathy , McGilivray Colleen , Corbie Jasmine , Green Robin E. 
Published: July 2015

Background:
The frequency of traumatic brain injury (TBI) co-occurring with traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI) is unclear despite a number of past studies; as well, limited research has examined predictors of co-morbid TBI in tSCI patients.

Objectives:
(1a) To summarize past literature on comorbid diagnosis of TBI in tSCI in order to reexamine the frequency of dual diagnosis in a study designed to obviate past methodological limitations; (1b) to compare dual-diagnosis frequency with vs without the inclusion of diagnostically ambiguous cases; and (2) to measure risk factors for tSCI and comorbid TBI.

Methods:
Ninety-one of 135 eligible adults with tSCI, 3 to 6 months postinjury, were prospectively recruited from a tertiary inpatient tSCI rehabilitation program. TBI diagnosis was based on comprehensive, validated clinical neurological and neuroimaging measures.

Results:
Objective 1: 39.6% of the tSCI patients sustained a concomitant TBI, but when ambiguous cases were removed from analysis, frequency rose to 58.1%. Objective 2: Motor vehicle collisions were most likely to yield a comorbid TBI diagnosis, but 31.6% of falls also resulted in TBI. Patients with cervical and thoracic injuries showed a very similar frequency of comorbid TBI.

Conclusions:
Varied methodological approaches, particularly the decision to include/exclude ambiguous cases, likely explain disparate past estimates of TBI in tSCI. However, even this study's lower frequency estimate, at nearly 40%, is clinically important. The prevailing assumption that dual diagnosis is less common in thoracic than cervical spine injuries was not supported. Finally, while comorbid TBI most frequently occurred in motor vehicle collisions, nearly a third of tSCIs sustained in falls resulted in comorbid TBI in our sample.
Acute Cognitive and Physical Rest May Not Improve Concussion Recovery Time
Authors: Buckley Thomas A. , Munkasy Barry A. , Clouse Brandy P. 
Published: July 2015

Objective:
To evaluate the effectiveness of an acute period of cognitive and physical rest on concussion.

Participants:
Fifty consecutive patients with a diagnosis of concussions.

Design:
Participants were evaluated before (n = 25) and after (n = 25) a policy change that incorporated cognitive and physical rest. Patients in the rest group were withheld from activities, including classes, for the remainder of the injury day and the following day, whereas patients in the no-rest group were not provided any postinjury accommodations.

Main Measures:
Patients were evaluated on a graded symptom checklist, Balance Error Scoring System, Standard Assessment of Concussion, and computerized neuropsychological tests. The number of days until each test achieved baseline values was compared between groups with independent-samples t test.

Results:
The no-rest group achieved asymptomatic status sooner than the rest group (5.2 ± 2.9 days and 3.9 ± 1.9 days, respectively; P = .047). There were no differences between groups for time to baseline values on the Balance Error Scoring System, Standard Assessment of Concussion, computerized neuropsychological tests, or time to clinical recovery.

Conclusion:
A prescribed day of cognitive and physical rest was not effective in reducing postconcussion recovery time. These results agree with a previous study and suggest that light activity postconcussion may not be deleterious to the concussion recovery process.
Ankle Plantarflexor Spasticity Does Not Restrict the Recovery of Ankle Plantarflexor Strength or Ankle Power Generation for Push-Off During Walking Following Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Williams Gavin , Banky Megan , Olver John 
Published: July 2015

Objective:
The main aim of this project was to determine the impact of plantarflexor spasticity on muscle performance for ambulant people with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Setting:
A large metropolitan rehabilitation hospital.

Participants:
Seventy-two ambulant people with TBI who were attending physiotherapy for mobility limitations. Twenty-four participants returned for a 6-month follow-up reassessment.

Design:
Cross-sectional cohort study.

Main Measures:
Self-selected walking speed, Tardieu scale, ankle plantarflexor strength, and ankle power generation (APG).

Results:
Participants with ankle plantarflexor spasticity had significantly lower self-selected walking speed; however, there was no significant difference in ankle plantarflexor strength or APG. Participants with ankle plantarflexor spasticity were not restricted in the recovery of self-selected walking speed, ankle plantarflexor strength, or APG, indicating equivalent ability to improve their mobility over time despite the presence of spasticity.

Conclusion:
Following TBI, people with ankle plantarflexor spasticity have significantly greater mobility limitations than those without spasticity, yet retain the capacity for recovery of self-selected walking speed, ankle plantarflexor strength, and APG.
Measuring Neurobehavioral Functioning in People With Traumatic Brain Injury: Rasch Analysis of Neurobehavioral Functioning Inventory
Authors: Czuba Karol J. , Kersten Paula , Kayes Nicola M. , Smith Greta A. , Barker-Collo Suzanne , Taylor William J. , McPherson Kathryn M. 
Published: July 2015

Objective:
To examine internal construct validity of the Neurobehavioral Functioning Inventory (NFI) by applying Rasch analysis.

Setting:
An outpatient rehabilitation program trial in New Zealand employing a goal-setting intervention in people with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Participants:
One hundred eight people (mean age = 46 years; 73% male) between 6 months and 5 years post-TBI.

Design:
Rasch analysis of the NFI (Partial Credit Model).

Results:
Three NFI subscales were not unidimensional and at least 4 items in each subscale had disordered response categories. Two items showed differential item functioning by age, 1 item by educational attainment, and 2 items were found to misfit the overall construct. These items were excluded from the total score calculation. The revised scale fit the Rasch model and supported the internal construct validity of the NFI.

Conclusions:
Current scoring of the NFI subscales for people with TBI in New Zealand does not meet the requirements of the Rasch model. The revised version of NFI can improve the interpretation of scores but should be further tested with people with TBI in other settings.
LAT gel for laceration repair in the emergency department: not only for children?
Authors: Vandamme Emily , Lemoyne Sabine , van der Gucht Anne , de Cock Pieter , van de Voorde Patrick 
Published: July 2015

Objective
LAT (lidocaine, adrenaline, and tetracaine) gel is a topical anesthetic that can be applied on lacerations before suturing. It is considered easy to use and less painful than infiltrative anesthesia. Its use in laceration management has been studied the most in younger children.
We aimed to describe the potential value of the use of LAT gel in older children and adults with simple lacerations.

Materials and methods
As part of a quality audit project, we reviewed all emergency department records of patients who had LAT gel applied for laceration repair in a 3-month period following the initial protocol implementation. Patients younger than 8 years of age, under the influence of alcohol or drugs, or those who received additional sedation were excluded. The need for additional anesthesia after needle probing was used as the primary endpoint.

Results
Of the 89 patients included, 21 (23.6%) needed additional anesthesia. The length of the wound was significantly longer in the group who needed additional anesthesia (difference between medians 1 cm; 95% confidence interval 0.5–2; P<0.005). Lacerations located on the extremities/trunk/fingers/toes needed significantly more additional anesthesia compared with lacerations located on the head (19.1% difference between proportions; 95% confidence interval 1–34.8%; P<0.05).

Conclusion
LAT gel is a valuable alternative to infiltrative anesthesia for laceration repair. Its use should not be limited to children. The application of LAT gel seems to be specifically suitable for short lacerations (<4 cm), lacerations located on the head, and simple finger lacerations.
Temporal patterns of damage and decay kinetics of DNA retrieved from plant herbarium specimens
Authors: Weiß Clemens L. , Schuenemann Verena J. , Devos Jane , Shirsekar Gautam , Reiter Ella , Gould Billie A. , Stinchcombe John R. , Krause Johannes , Burbano Hernán A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractHerbaria archive a record of changes of worldwide plant biodiversity harboring millions of specimens that contain DNA suitable for genome sequencing. To profit from this resource, it is fundamental to understand in detail the process of DNA degradation in herbarium specimens. We investigated patterns of DNA fragmentation -length and base composition at breaking points-, and nucleotide misincorporation by analyzing 86 herbarium samples spanning the last 300 years using Illumina shot-gun sequencing. We found an exponential decay relationship between DNA fragmentation and time, and estimated a per nucleotide fragmentation rate of 1.66 × 10−4per year, which is ten times faster than the rate estimated for fossilized bones. Additionally, we found that strand breaks occur specially before purines, and that depurination-driven DNA breakage occurs constantly through time and can to a great extent explain decreasing fragment length over time. Similar of what has been found analyzing ancient DNA from bones, we found a strong correlation between the deamination-driven accumulation of cytosine (C) to thymine (T) substitutions and time, which reinforces the importance of substitution patterns to authenticate the ancient/historical nature of DNA fragments. Accurate estimations of DNA degradation through time will allow informed decisions about laboratory and computational procedures to take advantage of the vast collection of worldwide herbarium specimens.