bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in hospital and intensive care admissions in the Netherlands attributable to the very elderly in an ageing population
Authors: Haas Lenneke E. M. , Karakus Attila , Holman Rebecca , Cihangir Sezgin , Reidinga Auke C. , de Keizer Nicolette F. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Introduction
The Dutch population is ageing and it is unknown how this is affecting trends in the percentage of hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions attributable to patients aged 80 years or older, the very elderly.

Methods
We present data on the percentage of the very elderly in the general population and the percentage of hospital admissions attributable to the very elderly. We subsequently performed a longitudinal cross-sectional study on ICU admissions from hospitals participating in the National Intensive Care Evaluation registry for the period 2005 to 2014. We modeled the percentage of adult ICU admissions and treatment days attributable to the very elderly separately for ICU admissions following cardiac surgery and other reasons.

Results
The percentage of Dutch adults aged 80 years and older, increased from 4.5 % in 2005 to 5.4 % in 2014 (p-value < 0.0001) and with this ageing of the population, the percentage of hospital admissions attributable to very elderly increased from 9.0 % in 2005 to 10.6 % in 2014 (p-value < 0.0001). The percentage of ICU admissions following cardiac surgery attributable to the very elderly increased from 6.7 % in 2005 to 11.0 % in 2014 in nine hospitals (p-value < 0.0001), while the percentage of treatment days attributable to this group rose from 8.6 % in 2005 to 11.7 % in 2014 (p-value = 0.0157). In contrast, the percentage of very elderly patients admitted to the ICU for other reasons than following cardiac surgery remained stable at 13.8 % between 2005 and 2014 in 33 hospitals (p-value = 0.1315). The number of treatment days attributable to the very elderly rose from 11,810 in 2005 to 15,234 in 2014 (p-value = 0.0002), but the percentage of ICU treatment days attributable to this group remained stable at 12.0 % (p-value = 0.1429).

Conclusions
As in many European countries the Dutch population is ageing and the percentage of hospital admissions attributable to the very elderly rose between 2005 and 2014. However, the percentage of ICU admissions and treatment days attributable to very elderly remained stable. The percentage of ICU admissions following cardiac surgery attributable to this group increased between 2005 and 2014.
Incidence and predisposing factors for the development of disturbed glucose metabolism and DIabetes mellitus AFter Intensive Care admission: the DIAFIC study
Authors: Van Ackerbroeck Sofie , Schepens Tom , Janssens Karolien , Jorens Philippe G. , Verbrugghe Walter , Collet Sandra , Van Hoof Viviane , Van Gaal Luc , De Block Christophe 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Elevated blood glucose levels during intensive care unit (ICU) stay, so-called stress hyperglycaemia (SH), is a common finding. Its relation with a future diabetes risk is unclear. Our objective was to determine the incidence of disturbed glucose metabolism (DGM) post ICU admission and to identify predictors for future diabetes risk with a focus on stress hyperglycaemia.

Methods
This single center prospective cohort trial (DIAFIC trial) had a study period between September 2011 and March 2013, with follow-up until December 2013. The setting was a mixed medical/surgical ICU in a tertiary teaching hospital in Belgium. 338 patients without known diabetes mellitus were included for analysis. We assessed the level of glucose metabolism disturbance (as diagnosed with a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and/or HbA1c level) eight months after ICU admission, and investigated possible predictors including stress hyperglycaemia.

Results
In total 246 patients (73 %) experienced stress hyperglycaemia during the ICU stay. Eight months post-ICU admission, 119 (35 %) subjects had a disturbed glucose metabolism, including 24 (7 %) patients who were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. A disturbed glucose metabolism tended to be more prevalent in subjects who experienced stress hyperglycaemia during ICU stay as compared to those without stress hyperglycaemia (38 % vs. 28 %, P = 0.065). HbA1c on admission correlated with the degree of stress hyperglycaemia. A diabetes risk score (FINDRISC) (11.0 versus 9.5, P = 0.001), the SAPS3 score (median of 42 in both groups, P = 0.003) and daily caloric intake during ICU stay (197 vs. 222, P = 0.011) were independently associated with a disturbed glucose metabolism.

Conclusions
Stress hyperglycaemia is frequent in non-diabetic patients and predicts a tendency towards disturbances in glucose metabolism and diabetes mellitus. Clinically relevant predictors of elevated risk included a high FINDRISC score and a high SAPS3 score. These predictors can provide an efficient, quick and inexpensive way to identify patients at risk for a disturbed glucose metabolism or diabetes, and could facilitate prevention and early treatment.

Trial registration
At ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02180555. Registered 1 July, 2014.
Diagnosis and management of inhalation injury: an updated review
Authors: Walker Patrick F. , Buehner Michelle F. , Wood Leslie A. , Boyer Nathan L. , Driscoll Ian R. , Lundy Jonathan B. , Cancio Leopoldo C. , Chung Kevin K. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this article we review recent advances made in the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of inhalation injury. Historically, the diagnosis of inhalation injury has relied on nonspecific clinical exam findings and bronchoscopic evidence. The development of a grading system and the use of modalities such as chest computed tomography may allow for a more nuanced evaluation of inhalation injury and enhanced ability to prognosticate. Supportive respiratory care remains essential in managing inhalation injury. Adjuncts still lacking definitive evidence of efficacy include bronchodilators, mucolytic agents, inhaled anticoagulants, nonconventional ventilator modes, prone positioning, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Recent research focusing on molecular mechanisms involved in inhalation injury has increased the number of potential therapies.
Transoral laser microsurgery for the treatment of oropharyngeal cancer: The Dalhousie University experience
Authors: Melong Jonathan C. , Rigby Matthew H. , Bullock Martin , Hart Robert D. , Trites Jonathan R.B. , Taylor S. Mark 
Published: September 2015

Objective The optimal treatment strategy for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma is highly debated. However, growing evidence supports the use of minimally invasive techniques, such as transoral laser microsurgery (TLM), as a first-line treatment modality for these carcinomas. The purpose of our study was to assess the efficacy and safety of TLM for the treatment of primary and recurrent oropharyngeal carcinomas. Methods All patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma undergoing TLM at the QEII Health Sciences Centre in Halifax, Nova Scotia were identified within a prospective database monitoring TLM outcomes. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to evaluate the following end points at 36 months: local control (LC), disease-specific survival (DSS), and disease-free survival (DFS). Safety endpoints included complications following surgery and long term morbidity related to TLM. Results Between 2003 and 2014, 39 patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma underwent TLM resection. Twenty-eight (72 %) patients had primary carcinoma, nine (23 %) were radiation/chemoradiation (RT/CRT) failures, and two (5 %) had second primaries following previous RT/CRT. Three patients had stage I disease, 8 stage II, 5 stage III, and 23 stage IV disease. HPV status was available for 26 patients, of which 23 (88 %) had HPV positive disease. Kaplan-Meier estimates of 36-month LC, DSS, and DFS for primary oropharyngeal carcinomas were 85.5 % (SE 10.6 %), 85.7 % (SE 13.2 %) and 77.7 % (SE 12.5 %) respectively. Thirty-six-month outcomes for RT/CRT failures were 66.76 % (SE 15.7 %) for LC and 55.6 % (SE 16.6 %) for DSS and DFS. Three patients developed complications following surgery. Conclusions Observed 36-month efficacy and safety outcomes support the use of TLM for the treatment of primary and recurrent oropharyngeal carcinoma.
Crisis at the American sub-prime market – the evaluation of Poland’s danger
Authors: Ryczkowski Maciej 
Published: September 2015

Since July 2007 the global economy started its slowdown. At the beginning though, it seemed that it will concern mainly United States, because it was the country from where worse and worse information have started coming every day. It was believed of course that the system of combinated blood vessels which is economy would also influence countries which are doing well. However hardy none would presume that the crisis will be so deep and long-term. Nowadays there are more and more countries threatened by the crisis which seem to have no responsibility for the cause of the slowdown. There have begun new economic phenomena, which not all have the idea how to deal with. In this publication there are presented these new unfavorable phenomena which occurred with the crisis. There is also an international comparison of Poland with other high developed countries according to recent macroeconomic changes. The comparison is the first step to find the answer if Poland is threatened by the crisis too and if we can feel safe in our country.
Analisis komoditas unggulan perikanan budidaya Kabupaten Pidie Jaya
Authors: Afero Farok , Nazir Muhammad , Muhardy Arie 
Published: September 2015

Abstract. Snapper (Lates calcarifer), grouper (Epinephelus coioides), tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon), vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) are leading commodity worthly cultivated in Pidie Jaya. Bandar Baru and Tringgadeng an appropriate areas for black tiger shrimp while Jangka Buya and Ulim approriate areas for vannamei cultivation. AHP analysis showed black tiger shrimp is top priority based on the economic value while vannamei shrimp is top priority based on enterprise sustainability. Financial analysis of snapper, grouper, black tiger shrimp, vannamei shrimp and tilapia farming generated positive cash flow and NPV, IRR 100%, the ratio of benefit to cost of production 1,30 and payback period of investment costs 1 year, thus demonstrating the feasibility of cultivation of these leading commodities. Vannamei shrimp cultivation showed positive prospect as long the market offers premium price. Grouper and snapper had a positive outlook because high demand of high-quality fish in the international market.Keywords: Leading commodity; financial analysis; aquaculture; Pidie Jaya Abstrak. Komoditas kakap (Lates calcarifer), kerapu (Epinephelus coioides),udang windu (Penaeus monodon), udang vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei) dan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) adalah komoditas unggulan yang layak dibudidaya di Kabupaten Pidie Jaya. Bandar Baru dan Tringgadeng merupakan kawasan yang layak untuk pengembangan komoditas udang windu sedangkan Jangka Buya dan Ulim layak untuk pengembangan komoditas udang vannamei. Analisis AHP menunjukkan komoditas udang windu menjadi prioritas utama untuk dikembangkan berdasarkan nilai ekonomi sedangkan udang vannamei menjadi prioritas utama berdasarkan keberlanjutan usaha. Analisis indikator keuangan budidaya kakap, kerapu, udang windu, vannamei dan nila menunjukkan usaha budidaya komoditas unggulan menghasilkan arus kas kumulatif dan NPV positif, nilai IRR diatas 100%, rasio keuntungan terhadap biaya produksi diatas 1,30 serta periode pengembalian biaya investasi 1 tahun, sehingga menunjukkan kelayakan usaha budidaya komoditas unggulan tersebut. Budidaya udang vannamei menunjukkan prospek yang positif selama harga yang ditawarkan oleh pasar masih tinggi. Ikan kerapu dan kakap memiliki prospek yang positif karena masih banyaknya permintaan ikan berkualitas tinggi di pasar internasional.Kata kunci: Komoditas unggulan; Analisa ekonomi; Perikanan Budidaya; Pidie Jaya
Struktur komunitas fitoplankton dan kaitannya dengan ketersediaan zat hara dan parameter kualitas air lainnya di perairan Timur Surabaya
Authors: Indra Padma Putri Setya , Hikmah Julinda Sari Syarifah 
Published: September 2015

Abstract. The objetives of the present research were to determine relationship of phytoplankton abundance and community structure with environmental factors.The research was conducted in twelve stations along East Surabaya’s Coastal Waters. The samplings were represented early dry season (May-July 2013). Regression Correlation Analisis and Principle Component Analysis were involved to determine the relationship between community structure of phytoplankton and nutrient availability as well as other environmental parameters. The results showed that the concentration of Nitrate (NO3-N) was ranged from 1.80mg/L to 7.31 mg/L while Phosphate (PO4-P) was 0.20 – 4.75 mg/L. The phytoplankton abundance was varied between 3300 cell/L to 47000 cell/L. The highest phytoplankton abundance was found in the estuary and deacreased toward the sea areas. The dDiversity and evennes indices were low category, while dominance index was found to be relatively high, where Skeletonema sp. was predominant. Diversity index was not correlated significantly with nutrient availability, while there were a significant correlation between phytoplankton abundance and environment parameters namely salinity, DO and brighnessKeywords : phytoplankton abundance; oseanography factor; spatial analysis; coastal watersAbstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keterkaitan antara kelimpahann dan struktur komunitas fitoplankton dengan faktor lingkungan di perairan pesisir. Penelitian dilakukan pada 12 stasiun berbeda di Perairan Timur Surabaya. Sampling plankton dan kualitas air mewakili awal musim kemarau (Mei – Juli 2013). Analisis regresi korelasi dan analisis komponen utama dilakukan untuk melihat keterkaitan struktur komunitas dan ketersedian zat hara dan parameter lingkungan lainnya di lokasi penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kandungan zat hara yang relatif tinggi: Nitrat (NO3-N) antara 1,80 – 7,31 mg/L dan Fosfat (PO4-P) antara 0,20 – 4,75 mg/L. Distribusi fitoplankton bervariasi antara 3,3 – 4,7.103sel/L. Kelimpahan plankton paling tinggi didapat pada stasiun muara sungai dengan indikasi penurunan ke arah laut. Indeks keragaman jenis (H’) dan indeks keseragaman jenis (E) relatif rendah; sebaliknya indeks dominasi tinggi (D0,5) dengan didominasi oleh Skeletonema sp.. Indeks diversitas menunjukkan hubungan yang tidak bermakna dengan zat hara. Namun, kelimpahan fitoplankton berkorelasi secara signifikan dengan parameter salinitas, DO dan kecerahan.Kata kunci :kelimpahan fitoplankton; faktor oseanografi; analisis spasial; perairan pesisir
Penilaian tingkat pencemaran logam berat dalam sedimen di perairan Pulau Morotai, Maluku Utara
Authors: . Edward 
Published: September 2015

Abstract. Morotai Waters, located in North of Maluku, has panoramic coastal waters and marine natural beautiful view, and rich of fishery resources, so it is potentially to be developed as a location for recreation area, mariculture, and fisheries industries. For those reasons, the development need a lot of base data, one of the data base is heavy metals. Heavy metals comes from various human activities, both on land and at sea and geological process. Heavy metals in low levels needed by aquatic organisms for the growth and development of its life, but high levels are toxic. Measurement of levels of heavy metals Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Cr in the sediment in the waters of Morotai was conducted in June 2005. Sediment samples is taken using gravity cores at 13 research stations. The levels of heavy metals were measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the contamination and pollution of heavy metals pollution level in Morotai Island waters using CF, I_geo, and PLI. The results of this study show that, based on the value of contamination factors (CF), geoaccumulation indices (I_geo) and pollution load indices (PLI), sediment in this water is include to uncontamination and unpolluted category and is still safe for marine life (CF0, I_geo0 and PLI 1).Keywords: Morotai; sediment; heavy metal; pollutions Abstrak. Perairan Morotai terletak di Maluku Utara, perairan ini memiliki panorama pantai dan alam laut yang indah, serta kaya akan sumberdaya perikanan, sehingga berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai lokasi wisata bahari, budidaya, dan industri perikanan. Untuk pengembangan tersebut diperlukan data dasar, salah satu data dasar tersebut adalah data logam berat. Logam berat berasal dari berbagai aktivitas manusia yang ada di darat maupun di laut, dan proses geologis di alam. Logam berat dalam kadar yang rendah diperlukan oleh organisme perairan untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan hidupnya, namun dalam kadar yang tinggi bersifat racun. Pengukuran kadar logam berat Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni, dan Cr dalam sedimen di perairan Morotai telah dilakukan pada bulan Juni 2005. Contoh sedimen diambil dengan menggunakan gravity core pada 13 stasiun penelitian. Kadar logam berat diukur dengan menggunakan Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom (SSA). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai tingkat kontaminasi dan tingkat pencemaran logam berat dalam sedimen di perairan Pulau Morotai dengan menggunakan nilai faktor kontaminasi (CF), indeks geoakumulasi (I_geo) dan indeks beban pencemaran (PLI). Hasilnya menunjukkan berdasarkan nilai CF, I_geo, dan PLI, sedimen di perairan ini termasuk kategori tidak terkontaminasi dan tidak tercemar oleh logam berat Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni, dan Cr, serta masih aman untuk kehidupan biota laut (CF0, I_geo0 dan PLI1).Kata Kunci: Morotai; sedimen; logam berat; pencemaran
Perubahan kandungan vitamin dan mineral ikan kembung lelaki akibat proses penggorengan
Authors: Nurilmala Mala , . Nurjanah , Febriyansyah Reza , Hidayat Taufik 
Published: September 2015

Abstract. Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) is one of sea water fish in Indonesia. It is a good source of protein. This fish is consumed by vary processing methods. In addition, it is very known that frying is the favorite method for food processing including fish in Indonesia because of its specific taste. However there is no data found for changes of vitamin and mineral compositions so far, thus our study investigated the effect of deep frying using 4L palm oil at 180 oC for 5 minutes on vitamin A, B12, and minerals (Ca, Na,K, Fe, Zn, and Se) of this fish. The measurenment of vitamin A and B12 was carried out by HPLC and AAS for mineral. The results showed that deep frying effected on vitamin A with significantly increased (P0.05), on the other hand vitamin B12 decreased significantly (P0.05). Mineral Ca increased significantly (P0.05), however Na dan K decreased significantly (P0.05). No significant result for Fe and Zn. Furthermore, it is found that Se content was under limit detection.Keywords: deep frying; mineral; Rastrelliger kanagurta; vitaminAbstrak. Ikan kembung lelaki (Rastrelliger kanagurta) merupakan salah satu ikan laut Indonesia. Ikan ini dikonsumsi dengan berbagai metode pengolahan. Pengolahan dengan menggoreng merupakan metode yang sangat disukai di Indonesia karena akan menghasilkan rasa yang khas termasuk pada ikan kembung. Di sisi lain, belum adanya data yang ditemukan akibat metode penggorengan ini pada perubahan vitamin dan mineral ikan kembung, sehingga tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan pengaruh yang terjadi pada kandungan vitamin A, B12, dan mineral ikan kembung (Ca, Na, K, Fe, Zn, dan Se) setelah digoreng dalam deep fryer menggunakan 4L minyak goreng pada suhu 180 oC selama 5 menit. Pengujian yang dilakukan yaitu, uji vitamin A dan B12 dengan HPLC, serta uji mineral dengan AAS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode penggorengan deep fryingberpengaruh nyata (P0,05) terhadap vitamin A, sedangkan vitamin B12menurun secara signifikan (P0,05). Mineral Ca meningkat secara signifikan (P0,05), sedangkan Na dan K menurun secara signifikan (P0,05) setelah proses penggorengan. Mineral Fe dan Zn tidak berubah secara signifikan. Selenium memiliki kandungan dibawah limit deteksi.Kata kunci: proses penggorengan; mineral; Rastrelliger kanagurta; vitamin;
Chronic granulomatous disease with an initial presentation of arthritis and oral ulcers
Authors: Alsalamah Mohammad , Hanna Mariam , Upton Julia 
Published: September 2015

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an inherited defect of leukocyte phagocytic function leading to recurrent infections. Autoimmune manifestations are reported in up to 6% of patients with CGD. We report a case of CGD presenting with arthritis as the first manifestation of disease. A 12-year-old Pakistani male of consanguineous parents presented with migratory arthritis and painless oral ulcerations of 6 months duration that were minimally responsive to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory treatment. Initial assessment demonstrated elevated inflammatory markers (ESR 62), weakly positive ANA (titer 1:40), negative anti-DsDNA, and negative RF. He presented to the emergency department with fevers and arthritis. Repeat work-up suggested early Macrophage Activation Syndrome: normocytic anemia (Hgb 95 g/L), thrombocytopenia (Plt 141 × 109/L), elevated LDH 1603, ferritin 1230 mcg/L, ESR 127, CRP 9.3, hypertiglycerdemia (3.2 mmoL/L) and mild transaminitis (ALT 63, AST 87), normal bone marrow (no hemophagocytosis), but mildly elevated Soluble CD 136 (1086 ng/mL) and Soluble IL-2 receptor (CD25) (1698 U/mL). He was treated with oral prednisone with symptom resolution. The arthritis relapsed after 1 month and the patient developed fever, productive cough, and pleuritic chest pain. Chest imaging revealed multiple nodular opacities and enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes. Aspergillus fumigatus complex was isolated from induced sputum prompting screening for primary immunodeficiency. Neutrophil oxidative burst function, as assessed by a dihydrorhodamine flow cytometry based assay, was low at 1.26 and 1.48 (normal range 32–300). Genetic analysis showed a previously described mutation in the NCF1 gene confirming the diagnosis of autosomal-recessive CGD. CGD can present with an exclusively rheumatologic presentation including arthritis and oral ulceration. Statement of Novelty: This case demonstrates that CGD can present with rheumatological symptoms prior to any infectious features.
Countering Terrorist Financing via Non-Profit Organisations: Assessing why few States Comply with the International Recommendations
Authors: Shillito Matthew Robert 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis paper utilises the existing framework for analysing international “soft law” measures to examine why 83% of Financial Action Task Force members are either non-compliant or partially compliant with Special Recommendation VIII (SR.VIII) on the prevention of terrorist financing through non-profits. The paper also considers whether SR.VIII is unique amongst other FATF Recommendations in terms of its low levels of compliance.