bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triggering of tremor and inferred slow slip by small earthquakes at the Nankai subduction zone in southwest Japan
Authors: Han Jiangang , Vidale John E. , Houston Heidi , Chao Kevin , Obara Kazushige 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe correlation of earthquakes with tremor and slow slip has not been clearly quantified. We investigate 12 year earthquake and tremor catalogs for southwest Japan and find that nearby small intraslab earthquakes are weakly correlated with tremor. In particular, the intraslab earthquakes with magnitudes ≥2.7 tend to be followed by tremor more often than expected at random by a factor of 2 to 6. The excess number of tremor before earthquakes is not as significant, although marginally more than expected. The underlying physical mechanism of the observed triggering of tremor and inferred slow slip by earthquakes is most likely to be the dynamic stress changes (several to several tens of kilopascals) rather than the much smaller static stress changes. The rate of triggering of tremor by earthquakes is similar to, although somewhat lower than, rates observed for similar amplitude stress changes due to the lower‐frequency teleseismic surface waves and tidal stressing.
The seismic structure beneath the Yellowstone Volcano Field from ambient seismic noise
Authors: Seats Kevin J. , Lawrence Jesse F. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe evaluate Rayleigh wave group velocity dispersion (5–40 s) around the Yellowstone Volcano Field with ambient noise tomography, measured from vertical component noise correlation functions. We include broadband data from 239 seismic stations (1999–2012), including USArray's Transportable Array and the Noise Observatory for Imaging the Subsurface beneath Yellowstone (NOISY). Short‐period (<13 s) group velocity anomalies are imaged for the Bighorn Basin (~25% slow) and Range (~20% fast), and the Yellowstone Plateau (~10% fast). Beneath the Yellowstone caldera, Rayleigh wave group velocities are ~25% slower than the regional average with slow anomalies (<−15%) observed from 5 to 24 s. These values are consistent with a magmatic body being heated from below by an underlying plume.
The 2014 Mw 6.0 Napa earthquake, California: Observations from real‐time GPS‐enhanced earthquake early warning
Authors: Grapenthin Ronni , Johanson Ingrid , Allen Richard M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractRecently, progress has been made to demonstrate feasibility and benefits of including real‐time GPS (rtGPS) in earthquake early warning and rapid response systems. Most concepts, however, have yet to be integrated into operational environments. The Berkeley Seismological Laboratory runs an rtGPS‐based finite fault inversion scheme in real time. This system (G‐larmS) detected the 2014 Mw 6.0 South Napa earthquake in California. We review G‐larmS' performance during this event and 13 aftershocks and present rtGPS observations and real‐time modeling results for the main shock. The first distributed slip model and magnitude estimates were available 24s after the event origin time, which, after optimizations, was reduced to 14s (≈8s S wave travel time, ≈6s data latency). G‐larmS' solutions for the aftershocks (that had no measurable surface displacements) demonstrate that, in combination with the seismic early warning magnitude, Mw 6.0 is our current resolution limit.
The morphology of small fresh craters on Mars and the Moon
Authors: Daubar Ingrid J. , Atwood‐Stone C. , Byrne S. , McEwen A. S. , Russell P. S. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe depth/diameter ratio for new meter‐ to decameter‐scale Martian craters formed in the last ~20 years averages 0.23, only slightly deeper than that expected for simple primary craters on rocky surfaces. Large variations in depth/diameter (d/D) between impact sites indicate that differences between the sites such as target material properties, impact velocity, angle, and physical state of the bolide(s) are important in determining the depth of small craters in the strength regime. On the Moon, the d/D of random fresh small craters with similar diameters averages only 0.10, indicating that either the majority of them are unrecognized secondaries or some proportion are degraded primaries. Older craters such as these may be shallower due to erosional infilling, which is probably not linear over time but more effective over recently disturbed and steeper surfaces, processes that are not yet acting on the new Martian craters. Brand new meter‐ to decameter‐scale craters such as the Martian ones studied here are statistically easily distinguishable as primaries, but the origins of older craters of the same size, such as the lunar ones in this study, are ambiguous.
Chiroptische Detektion achiraler Gäste ohne Chromophor durch enantiomerenreine alleno‐acetylenische helicale Käfige
Authors: Gidron Ori , Ebert Marc‐Olivier , Trapp Nils , Diederich François 
Published: November 2014

AbstractEnantiomerenreine alleno‐acetylenische Liganden lagern sich unter Zugabe eines Zink(II)‐Salzes diastereoselektiv zu Tripelstrang‐Helicaten zusammen, die einen zum Einschluss von Gästen genügend großen helicalen Käfig aufspannen. Die Einschlusskomplexierung von Heteroalicyclen wurde durch ROESY‐ und DOSY‐NMR‐Spektroskopie bestätigt und durch 1H‐NMR‐Titration quantitativ bestimmt. Die ECD‐Spektren der Helicate, die sich durch starke Cotton‐Effekte und Exciton‐Kopplung auszeichnen, hängen sehr empfindlich von der Art der Gastmoleküle ab. So konnte aufgrund von induzierten CD‐Spektren (ICD) zwischen etlichen unterschiedlich großen oder regioisomeren achiralen Gästen ohne Chromophor (1,3‐ und 1,4‐Dioxan) unterschieden werden. Moleküldynamik(MD)‐Simulationen weisen auf eine Anpassungsfähigkeit der Käfige an den Platzbedarf von Gästen hin und stützen die gastspezifischen ICD‐Daten. Die besonders hohe Affinität zu 1,4‐Dioxan ermöglichte dessen Detektion in wässriger Lösung im ppm‐Bereich.
Development of Coated Blade Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for the Quantitation of Target Analytes Present in Complex Matrices
Authors: Gómez‐Ríos German Augusto , Pawliszyn Janusz 
Published: November 2014

AbstractCoated blade spray (CBS) is a technology based on solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) that has been designed for the quick extraction/cleanup of analytes from complex matrices and direct desorption/ionization under ambient mass spectrometry conditions. The entire analytical process can be completed in less than 3 min and enables limits of quantitation in the low picogram‐per‐milliliter region to be reached.
A Highly Stable Zeotype Mesoporous Zirconium Metal–Organic Framework with Ultralarge Pores
Authors: Feng Dawei , Wang Kecheng , Su Jie , Liu Tian‐Fu , Park Jihye , Wei Zhangwen , Bosch Mathieu , Yakovenko Andrey , Zou Xiaodong , Zhou Hong‐Cai 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThrough topological rationalization, a zeotype mesoporous Zr‐containing metal–organic framework (MOF), namely PCN‐777, has been designed and synthesized. PCN‐777 exhibits the largest cage size of 3.8 nm and the highest pore volume of 2.8 cm3 g−1 among reported Zr‐MOFs. Moreover, PCN‐777 shows excellent stability in aqueous environments, which makes it an ideal candidate as a support to incorporate different functional moieties. Through facile internal surface modification, the interaction between PCN‐777 and different guests can be varied to realize efficient immobilization.
A Bambusuril Macrocycle that Binds Anions in Water with High Affinity and Selectivity
Authors: Yawer Mirza Arfan , Havel Vaclav , Sindelar Vladimir 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSynthetic receptors that function in water are important for the qualitative and quantitative detection of anions, which may act as pollutants in the environment or play important roles in biological processes. Neutral receptors are particularly appealing because they are often more selective than positively charged receptors; however, their affinity towards anions in pure water is only in range of 1–103 L mol−1. The anion‐templated synthesis of a water‐soluble bambusuril derivative is shown to be an outstanding receptor for various inorganic anions in pure water, with association constants of up to 107 L mol−1. Furthermore, the macrocycle discriminates between anions with unprecedented selectivity (up to 500 000‐fold). We anticipate that the combination of remarkable affinity and selectivity of this macrocycle will enable the efficient detection and isolation of diverse anions in aqueous solutions, which is not possible with current supramolecular systems.
Metallopolymers based on a polyazomethine ligand containing rigid oxadiazole and flexible tetramethyldisiloxane units
Authors: Zaltariov Mirela‐Fernanda , Cazacu Maria , Racles Carmen , Musteata Valentina , Vlad Angelica , Airinei Anton 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTSoluble, easily processable polymer–metal complexes with improved optical and dielectric properties for optoelectronic functional materials were obtained. For this, a new polyazomethine (PAZ2) was prepared by the reaction of a siloxane dialdehyde and bis(formyl‐p‐phenoxymethyl) tetramethyldisiloxane with 2,5‐bis(p‐aminophenyl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole, and it was used as a ligand for Cu(II), Co(II), and Zn(II) ions on the basis of the presence of the electron‐donor nitrogen atoms from the azomethine group and oxadiazole ring. The structure of the PAZ2 was determined by spectral [Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and 1H‐NMR spectroscopy] techniques. The metal complexation was proven by FTIR spectroscopy, and the silicon‐to‐metal ratios in the complexes were established by energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence. The new materials were characterized by gel permeation chromatography, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. The optical properties of PAZ2 and the derived metal complexes were studied by ultraviolet–visible and fluorescence spectroscopies. PAZ2 shows fluorescence emission, and it was significantly enhanced by metal complexation. The emission was enhanced by protonation; this behavior is useful, especially for sensors. The electrical properties were investigated by dielectric spectroscopy at various frequencies and temperatures, and this emphasized the existence of dipolar relaxations. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41631.
Preparation of hydrophilic polysulfone porous membrane by use of amphiphilic cellulose
Authors: Zhong Lili , Gao Yuan , Li Bei , Zhang Liping 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTA cellulose‐based amphiphilic co‐polymer with grafted myristyl groups was synthesized and used as an additive to modify polysulfone (PSf) membranes. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Solid‐state cross polarization magic angle spinning carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance (CP/MAS 13C NMR) spectroscopy were used to characterize the structure of the synthesized amphiphilic cellulose. The good compatibility between amphiphilic co‐polymer and PSf was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was conducted to inspect morphology of the membrane. Furthermore, Thermal performance was indicated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Contact angle, flux and retention behavior were also measured in this work. The structural similarity enhanced compatibility among components by introducing flexible alkyl groups. According to the findings obtained from characterization, better compatibility of cellulose with PSf was achieved after amphiphilic treatment. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41664.
Fibrosis, Vascular Activation, and Immune Abnormalities Resembling Systemic Sclerosis in Bleomycin‐Treated Fli‐1–Haploinsufficient Mice
Authors: Taniguchi Takashi , Asano Yoshihide , Akamata Kaname , Noda Shinji , Takahashi Takehiro , Ichimura Yohei , Toyama Tetsuo , Trojanowska Maria , Sato Shinichi 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveFli‐1, a potential predisposing factor for systemic sclerosis (SSc), is constitutively down‐regulated in the lesional skin of patients with SSc by an epigenetic mechanism. To investigate the impact of Fli‐1 deficiency on the induction of an SSc phenotype in various cell types, we generated bleomycin‐induced skin fibrosis in Fli‐1+/− mice and investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying its phenotypic alterations.MethodsMessenger RNA (mRNA) levels and protein expression of target molecules were examined by quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and immunostaining. Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) bioassay was used to evaluate the activation of latent TGFβ. The binding of Fli‐1 to the target gene promoters was assessed with chromatin immunoprecipitation.ResultsBleomycin induced more severe dermal fibrosis in Fli‐1+/− mice than in wild‐type mice. Fli‐1 haploinsufficiency activated dermal fibroblasts via the up‐regulation of αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrins and activation of latent TGFβ. Dermal fibrosis in Fli‐1+/− mice was also attributable to endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition, which is directly induced by Fli‐1 deficiency and amplified by bleomycin. Th2/Th17‐skewed inflammation and increased infiltration of mast cells and macrophages were seen, partly due to the altered expression of cell adhesion molecules in endothelial cells as well as the induction of the skin chemokines. Fli‐1+/− mouse macrophages preferentially differentiated into an M2 phenotype upon stimulation with interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) or IL‐13.ConclusionOur findings provide strong evidence for the fundamental role of Fli‐1 deficiency in inducing SSc‐like phenotypic alterations in dermal fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and macrophages in a manner consistent with human disease.
Unexpected 1,2‐Migration in Metallasilabenzenes: Theoretical Evidence for Reluctance of Silicon to Participate in π Bonding
Authors: Huang Ying , Zhu Jun 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDensity functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out to investigate the 1,2‐migration in metallasilabenzenes. The results suggested that the chloride migration of metallabenzenes is unfavorable due to the loss of aromaticity in the nonaromatic analogues. In sharp contrast, such a migration in metallasilabenzenes is favorable due to the reluctance of silicon to participate in π bonding. The migration of hydride and methyl group from the metal center to the silicon atom in metallasilabenzenes is computed to be also feasible. In addition, the π donor ligand and the third row transition metal can stabilize metallasilabenzenes. Thus, such a migration becomes less favorable thermodynamically and kinetically. These findings could be very helpful for synthetic chemists to realize the first metallasilabenzene.
Stochastic Observability of Linear Systems under Access Constraints
Authors: Zhang Hui , Tian Yin , Gao Lixin 
Published: November 2014

AbstractUsing information theoretic measures, this paper investigates the observability of discrete‐time linear stochastic systems which have insufficient communication channels to accommodate all the sensors simultaneously. The communication status is described by a binary‐valued access sequence. For time‐varying systems, it is proved that within a finite time interval the stochastic observability is preserved by an access sequence which is combined by individually designed sub sequences corresponding to certain sub intervals. For the time‐invariant case, further results are given along with two periodic access strategies. The equivalence between stochastic observability of the zero order holder (ZOH) inclusive case and that of the non‐ZOH inclusive case is also discussed. Simulations illustrate our conclusion which covers some existing results.
Two Schemes of Data Dropout Compensation for LQG Control of Networked Control Systems
Authors: Gao Jinfeng , Wu Han , Fu Minyue 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper investigates the LQG control problem for networked control systems (NCSs) with packet losses, where the packet losses are considered to appear in both the sensor‐to‐controller channel and controller‐to‐actuator channel. Bernoulli random processes are used to describe the packet losses in the two channels. Two simple compensation schemes are explored for state estimation with missing measurements in which the input of the plant is set to zero if a packet is lost, and the hold‐input strategy, in which the previous input is used with packet dropout. The optimal static controller gains and the critical loss probabilities for the two schemes are presented, and their performances are compared in terms of numerical simulations. The conclusion is that neither of the two schemes can be claimed to be superior to the other, as the stability regions of the two strategies are reversely complemented to each other whether for the scalar or vector example.
Synthesis, Structures, and Properties of Crystalline Salts with Radical Anions of Metal‐Containing and Metal‐Free Phthalocyanines
Authors: Konarev Dmitri V. , Kuzmin Alexey V. , Faraonov Maxim A. , Ishikawa Manabu , Khasanov Salavat S. , Nakano Yoshiaki , Otsuka Akihiro , Yamochi Hideki , Saito Gunzi , Lyubovskaya Rimma N. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractRadical anion salts of metal‐containing and metal‐free phthalocyanines [MPc(3−)].−, where M=CuII, NiII, H2, SnII, PbII, TiIVO, and VIVO (1–10) with tetraalkylammonium cations have been obtained as single crystals by phthalocyanine reduction with sodium fluorenone ketyl. Their formation is accompanied by the Pc ligand reduction and affects the molecular structure of metal phthalocyanine radical anions as well as their optical and magnetic properties. Radical anions are characterized by the alternation of short and long CNimine bonds in the Pc ligand owing to the disruption of its aromaticity. Salts 1–10 show new bands at 833–1041 nm in the NIR range, whereas the Q‐ and Soret bands are blue‐shifted by 0.13–0.25 eV (38‐92 nm) and 0.04–0.07 eV (4–13 nm), respectively. Radical anions with NiII, SnII, PbII, and TiIVO have S=1/2 spin state, whereas [CuIIPc(3−)].− and [VIVOPc(3−)].− containing paramagnetic CuII and VIVO have two S=1/2 spins per radical anion. Central metal atoms strongly affect EPR spectra of phthalocyanine radical anions. Instead of narrow EPR signals characteristic of metal‐free phthalocyanine radical anions [H2Pc(3−)].− (linewidth of 0.08–0.24 mT), broad EPR signals are manifested (linewidth of 2–70 mT) with g‐factors and linewidths that are strongly temperature‐dependent. Salt 11 containing the [NaIPc(2−)]− anions as well as previously studied [FeIPc(2−)]− and [CoIPc(2−)]− anions that are formed without reduction of the Pc ligand do not show changes in molecular structure or optical and magnetic properties characteristic of [MPc(3−)].− in 1–10.
Lipase‐Supported Metal–Organic Framework Bioreactor Catalyzes Warfarin Synthesis
Authors: Liu Wan‐Ling , Yang Ni‐Shin , Chen Ya‐Ting , Lirio Stephen , Wu Cheng‐You , Lin Chia‐Her , Huang Hsi‐Ya 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA green and sustainable strategy synthesizes clinical medicine warfarin anticoagulant by using lipase‐supported metal–organic framework (MOF) bioreactors (see scheme). These findings may be beneficial for future studies in the industrial production of chemical, pharmaceutical, and agrochemical precursors.
Membrane Reactors: Advanced Systems for Intensified Chemical Processes
Authors: Fontananova Enrica , Drioli Enrico 
Published: November 2014

AbstractTo realize sustainable growth, the energy demand and environmental impact of chemical processes need to be reduced. Multifunctional membrane reactors (MRs) are a feasible way to shift the industrial catalysis towards novel intensified processes, since they combine a chemical reaction with a membrane‐based separation. Compared to traditional, sequential reaction‐separation systems, MRs require less energy, show increased productivity and reduced by‐product formation, easier down‐ and up‐stream processing, compact process equipment as well as the possibility of heat recovery and catalyst recycling.
Predicting early blast transformation in chronic‐phase chronic myeloid leukemia: Is immunophenotyping the missing link?
Authors: El Rassi Fuad , Bergsagel John D. , Arellano Martha , Gaddh Manila , Jillella Anand , Kota Vamsi , Heffner Leonard T. , Winton Elliott F. , Khoury Hanna Jean 
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUNDFlow cytometry (FC) is a commonly requested test in the workup of leukocytosis in community practices. The role of FC in chronic‐phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CP‐CML) is unknown. We hypothesized that finding aberrant cells with FC in CP‐CML may predict early blast‐phase (BP) transformation.METHODSResults for FC performed at the time of diagnosis for adult and pediatric patients with CP‐CML who were referred to our institution were reviewed, and they were correlated with outcomes.RESULTSFC was performed at the time of diagnosis for 110 of 233 patients (47%) with CP‐CML. Aberrant populations, representing a median of 2% (range, 0.3%‐15%), were detected with FC in 30% of patients (33 of 110): 2 of these 33 patients expressed lymphoid markers, and 31 expressed aberrant myeloid markers. Patients received imatinib (85%), dasatinib (12%), or nilotinib (3%) as their first‐line treatment. With a median follow‐up of 43 months (range, 2‐113 months), chronic myeloid leukemia transformed to BP in 5 of the 33 patients. The 2 patients with lymphoid markers and the 3 of 31 patients with aberrant myeloid markers experienced a transformation to lymphoid BP at a median of 11 months (range, 4‐72 months) after the initiation of tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. Although both cases with detectable lymphoid markers rapidly progressed to lymphoid BP, the positive predictive value of BP transformation by the detection of myeloid aberrant cells with FC was only 10% (3 of 31).CONCLUSIONSIn contrast to aberrant myeloid markers, the detection of lymphoid markers by FC at the time of the diagnosis of CP‐CML appears to be associated with early progression to lymphoid BP. Cancer 2015;121:872–875. © 2014 American Cancer Society.