bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Direct and Indirect Effects of Home Clutter on Parenting
Authors: Thornock Carly M. , Nelson Larry J. , Robinson Clyde C. , Hart Craig H. 
Published: November 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine multiple predictors of maternal authoritarian parenting including (a) cluttered homes, (b) child characteristics (i.e., emotional temperament), and (c) maternal characteristics (i.e., tense/nervousness). Data were gathered from 177 mothers of young children between ages 3 and 5 (95 male, 82 female children) attending two early childhood programs in a midsized community in the western United States. Structural equation modeling (AMOS19.0) was used to examine the strength of the relationships within the model. Results showed that authoritarian parenting was positively predicted by home clutter and mother tenseness/nervousness, and mediational analyses shed light on the nature of these relationships.
Helicobacter canis Colonization in Sheep: A Zoonotic Link
Authors: Swennes Alton G. , Turk Michelle L. , Trowel Elise M. , Cullin Cassandra , Shen Zeli , Pang Jassia , Petersson Katherine H. , Dewhirst Floyd E. , Fox James G. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter canis has been associated with hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal disease in dogs, cats, and humans. Infection has not been documented in other species.Materials and MethodsSheep feces subjected to microaerobic culture. Isolates were characterized by genus‐specific PCR, restriction fragment length polymorphism, biochemical profiling, and 16S rRNA sequence analysis.ResultsHelicobacter canis was isolated from sheep feces and confirmed by the above methods. These isolates are distinct from other sheep‐origin enterohepatic Helicobacter species previously isolated.ConclusionsThis study identifies sheep as H. canis reservoirs potentially important in zoonotic or foodborne transmission.
Helicobacter pylori Induces Increased Expression of the Vitamin D Receptor in Immune Responses
Authors: Guo Lihua , Chen Wenguo , Zhu Huatuo , Chen Yu , Wan Xingyong , Yang Ningmin , Xu Shuhua , Yu Chaohui , Chen Lihua 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundVitamin D receptor (VDR) is a member of the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors that play a critical role in innate immunity. This study examined the role of VDR in gastric innate immune defence against the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori.Materials and MethodsSeventeen H. pylori‐infected patients and sixteen controls participated in the study. The GES‐1 cells were transfected with siRNA or incubated with or without 1α,25(OH)2D3 (100 nmol/L) then infected with H. pylori. VDR, cathelicidin antimicrobial protein (CAMP), and cytokine mRNA expression levels in normal and H. pylori‐infected gastric mucosa and GES‐1 cells was determined by qRT‐PCR and correlated with the histopathologic degree of gastritis. Bactericidal activity was measured by using a colony‐forming unit assay.ResultsVitamin D receptor mRNA expression levels were significantly upregulated in H. pylori‐infected patients and positively correlated with chronic inflammation scores. There was a significant positive correlation between VDR and CAMP mRNA expression in H. pylori‐positive gastric mucosa. VDR siRNA reduced H. pylori‐induced CAMP production and conversely increased IL‐6 and IL8/CXCL8 expression levels. The vitamin D agonist 1α,25(OH)2D3 increased CAMP expression and reduced cytokine activation in GES‐1 cells infected with H. pylori. 1α,25(OH)2D3 could enhance the intracellular killing of the replicating bacteria, but the presence of siVDR and siCAMP led to a decline in its bactericidal ability.ConclusionsThe expression of VDR and CAMP in the gastric epithelium is up‐regulated in the case of H. pylori infection; thus, VDR plays an important role in gastric mucosa homeostasis and host protection from H. pylori infection.
Cytokine expression in spleen affects progression of liver cirrhosis through liver–spleen cross‐talk
Authors: Asanoma Michihito , Ikemoto Tetsuya , Mori Hiroki , Utsunomiya Tohru , Imura Satoru , Morine Yuji , Iwahashi Shuichi , Saito Yu , Yamada Shinichiro , Shimada Mitsuo 
Published: November 2013

AimIt is unclear whether the spleen affects the progression of liver cirrhosis (LC) through “liver–spleen cross‐talk”. Transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) is reported to be the most potent cytokine of liver fibrosis, and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) is an important factor of liver regeneration. In this study, we investigated the expression of cytokines in the spleens of LC patients in order to attempt to prove the existence of liver–spleen cross‐talk.MethodsThe study enrolled 22 patients who underwent splenectomy at our institute between 2004 and 2010. TGF‐β1 expression in the resected spleen was measured using immunohistochemical staining. Two‐color immunofluorescent staining for CD68 and TGF‐β1 in the spleen was performed to detect sources of TGF‐β1. IL‐6 expression in the spleen was measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.ResultsTGF‐β1 expression was significantly higher in the spleens of LC patients than in those of patients with normal livers (P < 0.05). Coexpression of CD68 and TGF‐β1 was confirmed. The expression of IL‐6 in the spleens of LC patients was significantly lower than that in patients with normal livers (P < 0.05).ConclusionTGF‐β1 produced by macrophages and cytokines such as IL‐6 could affect the progression of liver fibrosis and regeneration in patients with LC via liver–spleen cross‐talk.
Effectiveness and safety of reduced‐dose telaprevir‐based triple therapy in chronic hepatitis C patients
Authors: Sezaki Hitomi , Suzuki Fumitaka , Hosaka Tetsuya , Akuta Norio , Fukushima Taito , Hara Tasuku , Kawamura Yusuke , Kobayashi Masahiro , Suzuki Yoshiyuki , Saitoh Satoshi , Arase Yasuji , Ikeda Kenji , Kumada Hiromitsu 
Published: November 2013

AimTo compare the early virological effectiveness, sustained virological response and safety of telaprevir 1500 mg/day with telaprevir 2250 mg/day, when combined in triple therapy with pegylated interferon and ribavirin in Japanese patients with high viral loads of genotype 1 hepatitis C virus.MethodsThe telaprevir 2250 mg/day and 1500 mg/day groups each contained 60 patients matched by age, sex and history of previous interferon‐based treatment. Serum levels of genotype 1 hepatitis C virus RNA, hemoglobin levels, drug adherence and drug discontinuation rates were monitored during and after triple therapy.ResultsPatients receiving telaprevir 1500 mg/day had significantly lower telaprevir adherence and lower initial ribavirin dose but similar or superior pegylated interferon and ribavirin adherence and a lower rate of telaprevir discontinuation than did those receiving telaprevir 2250 mg/day. The early virological responses and sustained virological response rates were similar in both groups. Hemoglobin levels decreased to a greater extent in patients treated with telaprevir 2250 mg/day.ConclusionCompared to triple therapy including telaprevir 2250 mg/day, that including telaprevir at a reduced dose of 1500 mg/day was associated with lower rates of anemia and similar antiviral efficacy. Such a regimen may meaningfully improve sustained virological response rates, especially among female and elderly Japanese patients.
Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria. Experience over a 10 years period
Authors: Canalejo K. , Riera Cervantes N. , Felippo M. , Sarandría C. , Aixalá M. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryIntroductionParoxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a hemolytic, clonal and acquired disorder of the hematopoietic stem cell with a deficiency of all glycophosphatidyl‐inositol (GPI) linked proteins. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyse haematological and biochemical data from 152 patients referred to our laboratory for diagnosis ofPNHby flow cytometry (FC).MethodsPatients and healthy donor (152 and 99 respectively) were studied. Ham, sucrose, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Iron, haptoglobin (Hp), blood cell morphology and Kaplow cytochemical stain for leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) were carried out.GPI‐proteins anti‐CD55 andCD59 in erythrocytes and the former, plus antiCD16b andCD66b on neutrophils were evaluated byFC.ResultsAnemia and/or leukopenia and/or thrombocytopenia, increased reticulocyte count andLDHwere observed in patients withPNHclone. Some of them had dacriocytes, schistocytes.LAPwas low. On average, we detected 50%CD59 (−) erythrocytes and 29, 83, 78%CD55/59 (−),CD16b (−),CD66b (−) neutrophils, respectively.ConclusionParoxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria clone was detected in 20/152 patients. Negative population's percentages were high in patients with classicPNH, Hematimetry,LAPand adequate use ofCFcontribute toPNHclone detection in the laboratory.
Scholarly Research on U.S.-Latin American Relations: Where Does the Field Stand?
Authors: Bertucci Mariano E. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis article draws on a new dataset to depict the scope, objectives, and methods of research in the field of U.S.-Latin American relations over the past quarter-century. The key findings are that the study of U.S.-Latin American relations focuses largely on foreign policy analysis, is mainly descriptive, relies overwhelmingly on qualitative methods, and is fairly detached from the main research trends in international relations. In light of this assessment, the article emphasizes the need to pay more attention to issues of theory development and explanation in this subfield of international relations.
Notch4 is activated in endothelial and smooth muscle cells in human brain arteriovenous malformations
Authors: ZhuGe Qichuan , Wu Zhebao , Huang Lijie , Zhao Bei , Zhong Ming , Zheng WeiMing , GouRong Chen , Mao XiaoOu , Xie Lin , Wang Xiangdong , Jin Kunlin 
Published: November 2013

AbstractUp‐regulation of Notch4 was observed in the endothelial cells in the arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in mice. However, whether Notch4 is also involved in brain AVMs in humans remains unclear. Here, we performed immunohistochemistry on normal brain vascular tissue and surgically resected brain AVMs and found that Notch4 was up‐regulated in the subset of abnormal vessels of the brain AVM nidus, compared with control brain vascular tissue. Two‐photon confocal images show that Notch4 was expressed not only in the endothelial but also in the smooth muscle cells of the vascular wall in brain AVMs. Western blotting shows that Notch4 was activated in brain AVMs, but not in middle cerebral artery of normal human brain, which was confirmed by immunostaining. Our findings suggest a possible contribution of Notch4 signalling to the development of brain AVMs in human.
Osteogenic relationship between the lateral plantar process and the peroneal tubercle in the human calcaneus
Authors: Gill Corey M. , Taneja Atul K. , Bredella Miriam A. , Torriani Martin , DeSilva Jeremy M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe osteogenic relationship between the lateral plantar process and the peroneal tubercle has been an uncertainty for researchers over several decades. While some argue there to be no developmental relationship between these two calcaneal structures, others have suggested that there is an inverse relationship, the lateral plantar process forming from a part of the peroneal tubercle. However, no previous studies have offered quantitative measurements to test these hypotheses. In this study, we measured the size of the peroneal tubercle, retrotrochlear eminence, and the size and area of the lateral plantar process in 73 subjects using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Navicular height was measured using weight‐bearing radiographs as a measurement of longitudinal arch in 35 of these subjects. Age, body mass, and body mass index (BMI) were also recorded for all subjects. We determined that there was a significant positive correlation between the lateral plantar process and size of the peroneal tubercle, body mass, and BMI. Thus, assertions that there is an inverse relationship between the size of the lateral plantar process and the peroneal tubercle are here unfounded. We also determined there to be a positive correlation between the peroneal tubercle and both the size of the retrotrochlear eminence and the height of the navicular. In conclusion, we relate these novel findings to hominin fossil calcanei and discuss the evolutionary and biomechanical implications.
Relapse rates in chronic hepatitis B naïve patients after discontinuation of antiviral therapy with entecavir
Authors: Ridruejo E. , Marciano S. , Galdame O. , Reggiardo M. V. , Muñoz A. E. , Adrover R. , Cocozzella D. , Fernandez N. , Estepo C. , Mendizábal M. , Romero G. A. , Levi D. , Schroder T. , Paz S. , Fainboim H. , Mandó O. G. , Gadano A. C. , Silva M. O. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryRegistration studies show entecavir (ETV) to be effective and safe in NUC‐naïve patients with chronic hepatitis B, but relapse rates after treatment discontinuation have not been well established. Relapse rates and predictors of relapse were evaluated in naïve HBeAg‐positive and HBeAg‐negative patients treated with ETV. Treatment duration was defined according to international guidelines. Virological relapse was defined as reappearance in serum of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA to >2000 IU/mL after discontinuation of treatment. A hundred and sixty‐nine consecutive patients were treated for a median 181 weeks. 61% were HBeAg positive, 23% had cirrhosis, and mean HBV DNA level was 6.88 ± 1.74 log10 IU/mL. Ninety‐two per cent became HBV DNA negative; 71% of HBeAg+ve patients became HBeAg negative and 68% anti‐HBe positive; 14% became HBsAg negative and 13% anti‐HBs positive. At the end of the study, 36 patients discontinued treatment: one due to breakthrough associated with resistant variants and 35 (20%) due to sustained virological response; 33 of these patients developed HBeAg seroconversion and 18 HBsAg seroconversion. Median off‐treatment time was 69 weeks. Nine patients (26%), all HBeAg positive at baseline, developed virological relapse after a median 48 weeks off‐treatment, 3 of them showed HBeAg reversion and 4 lost anti‐HBe. No patient with HBsAg seroconversion relapsed. HBeAg clearance after week 48 of treatment was associated with an increase risk of relapse. After ETV discontinuation, HBsAg seroconversion was maintained in 100% of the patients, HBeAg seroconversion maintained in 90%, and virological relapse rate was 24%.
The pro‐fibrotic effects of pregnancy in a carbon‐tetrachloride‐induced liver injury in mouse model
Authors: Amer Johnny , Grifat Rami , Doron Sarit , Abu‐Tair Lina , Mruwat Rufayda , El‐Khatib Areej , Safadi Rifaat 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackground & AimsImmune cells interact with hepatic‐stellate‐cells (HSCs) in the development of liver fibrosis. Little is known about the influence of pregnancy on the development and progression of hepatic‐fibrosis. In this study, we explored the influence of pregnancy on progression of hepatic fibrosis.MethodsFemale mice (C57Blc) were induced by 4 injections of peritoneal carbon‐tetrachloride (CCl4) within 10 days, starting at day 10 of documented pregnancy. At end of experiment, serum samples were obtained for ALT and estradiol determination. Harvested livers were histological evaluated for liver injury and for protein αSMA expressions. Isolated intra‐hepatic lymphocytes were assessed by flow cytometry. Isolated lymphocytes and serum samples were in‐ vitro co‐cultured for 48 h with primary isolated naïve HSCs. Washed cells were analyzed for adherence (anti‐αSMA+/anti‐CD45 + ) and proliferations (CSFE).ResultsCCl4‐model for liver injury was well tolerated when induced in pregnancy similar to non‐pregnant state. Hepatic‐fibrosis (Masson Trichrome Stain, Sirius red stain and αSMA expressions) and necro‐inflammation (H&E stain and serum ALT levels) significantly increased in pregnancy. Increased liver injury was accompanied with pro‐fibrotic lymphocyte profile; CD8 subsets increased and NK cells decreased. HSCs activation significantly increased when in‐vitro cultured with lymphocytes from pregnant as compared to non‐pregnant fibrotic ones. Pro‐fibrotic profile was also explained by decreased NK activity (CD107a marker) and of their phagocytosis. Serum estradiol levels although elevated in fibrosis conditions of pregnancy was not associated with the pHSCs activations.ConclusionLiver fibrosis in our murine model was severe in pregnant model; via pro‐fibrotic lymphocyte and serum alterations.
Validation of the five‐variable Model for End‐stage Liver Disease (5vMELD) for prediction of mortality on the liver transplant waiting list
Authors: Myers Robert P. , Tandon Puneeta , Ney Michael , Meeberg Glenda , Faris Peter , Shaheen Abdel Aziz M. , Aspinall Alexander I. , Burak Kelly W. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundModifications to the Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) have been proposed to improve prioritization of liver transplant (LT) candidates. Using a U.S. database, we derived a revised MELD including sodium and albumin [5‐variable MELD (5vMELD)] that improved prediction of waiting list mortality. Our objectives were to confirm the association between hypoalbuminaemia and mortality and to externally validate 5vMELD in Canadian LT candidates.MethodsAmong adults registered on the LT waiting list at the University of Alberta (01/2000‐10/2009), Cox regression determined the association between albumin and 1‐year waiting list mortality. The discrimination of MELD, MELDNa and 5vMELD for predicting 1‐year mortality were compared using c‐statistics.ResultsAmong 677 patients, 17% died and 51% underwent LT within 1 year of listing. Median serum albumin was 3.1 g/dl (IQR 2.6–3.6) and 70% of patients were hypoalbuminaemic (albumin <3.5 g/dl). One‐year mortality in patients with normal serum albumin and hypoalbuminaemia were 14% and 29% respectively (P = 0.004). For patients with serum albumin between 2.0 and 4.0 g/dl, an approximately linear, inverse relationship was observed between albumin and 1‐year mortality [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.45; 95% CI 1.03–2.03; P = 0.03]. For this outcome, the c‐statistic of 5vMELD (0.778) was superior to those of MELD (0.754) and MELDNa (0.765) (both P ≤ 0.05).ConclusionsHypoalbuminaemia is an independent predictor of mortality on the LT waiting list. Compared with MELD and MELDNa, 5vMELD improves prediction of mortality suggesting that modification of these scores to include serum albumin should be considered as a means of prioritizing LT candidates.
Olfactory and behavioural responses of tabanid horseflies to octenol, phenols and aged horse urine
Authors: BALDACCHINO F. , MANON S. , PUECH L. , BUATOIS B. , DORMONT L. , JAY‐ROBERT P. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractElectrophysiological and behavioural responses of females of two tabanid species, Tabanus bromius L. and Atylotus quadrifarius (Loew) (Diptera: Tabanidae), to ammonia, octenol (1‐octen‐3‐ol), phenols and aged horse urine were compared. Electroantennogram (EAG) responses in both species to octenol, 4‐methylphenol (4MP), 3‐propylphenol (3PP) and a phenol mixture (4MP and 3PP at a ratio of 16 : 1) increased in a dose‐dependent fashion. The most effective stimulus was 4MP and synergism between the two phenols may exist. Aged horse urine also elicited strong EAG responses in both species. Using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis, we identified 29 compounds in horse urine, which included, in particular, ketones, fatty alcohols and phenols, among which 4MP was the most abundant component (˜ 80%). Trapping experiments were carried out using Nzi traps baited with various odours. Octenol and the phenol mixture in combination with ammonia increased catches of tabanids by 1.8–2.8 times relative to ammonia alone. Aged horse urine increased catches of T. bromius and A. quadrifarius by 2.2 and 4.1 times, respectively. The high attractiveness of aged horse urine, especially for A. quadrifarius, is not likely to derive from 4MP alone, but from the mixture of various active compounds used in host location.
Behind the scenes: the roles of reactive oxygen species in guard cells
Authors: Song Yuwei , Miao Yuchen , Song Chun‐Peng 
Published: November 2013

SummaryGuard cells regulate stomatal pore size through integration of both endogenous and environmental signals; they are widely recognized as providing a key switching mechanism that maximizes both the efficient use of water and rates of CO2 exchange for photosynthesis; this is essential for the adaptation of plants to water stress. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are widely considered to be an important player in guard cell signalling. In this review, we focus on recent progress concerning the role of ROS as signal molecules in controlling stomatal movement, the interaction between ROS and intrinsic and environmental response pathways, the specificity of ROS signalling, and how ROS signals are sensed and relayed. However, the picture of ROS‐mediated signalling is still fragmented and the issues of ROS sensing and the specificity of ROS signalling remain unclear. Here, we review some recent advances in our understanding of ROS signalling in guard cells, with an emphasis on the main players known to interact with abscisic acid signalling.

Contents

Summary
1121

I.
Introduction
1121

II.
Multiple signals for production and signalling integration of ROS in guard cells
1122

III.
Signal transduction pathway of ROS in guard cells
1125

IV.
Specificity of ROS signalling
1129

V.
Conclusions and prospects
1133

Acknowledgements
1134

References
1134
In Between Cultures
Authors: BHABHA HOMI 
Published: November 2013

Going through a protracted period of transition since the end of the Cold War, the world order in the making is neither what was nor what it is yet to become. It is in “the middle of the future.”To get our bearings in this uncertain transition, we explore the two grand post‐Cold War narratives—“The End of History” as posited by Francis Fukuyama and “The Clash of Civilizations” posited by the late Samuel Huntington. Mikhail Gorbachev looks back at his policies that brought the old order to collapse. The British philosopher John Gray critiques the supposed “universality” of liberalism and, with Homi Bhabha, sees a world of hybrid identities and localized cultures. The Singaporean theorist Kishore Mahbubani peels away the “veneer” of Western dominance. Amartya Sen, the economist and Nobel laureate, assesses whether democratic India or autocratic China is better at building “human capacity” in their societies.
The Contribution of Reactive Oxygen Species to the Photobleaching of Organic Fluorophores
Authors: Zheng Qinsi , Jockusch Steffen , Zhou Zhou , Blanchard Scott C. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPhotoexcitation of fluorophores commonly used for biological imaging applications generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) which can cause bleaching of the fluorophore and damage to the biological system under investigation. In this study, we show that singlet oxygen contributes relatively little to Cy5 and ATTO 647N photobleaching at low concentrations in aqueous solution. We also show that Cy5 generates significantly less ROS when covalently linked to the protective agents, cyclooctatetraene (COT), nitrobenzyl alcohol (NBA) or Trolox. Such fluorophores exhibit enhanced photostability both in bulk solutions and in single‐molecule fluorescence measurements. While the fluorophores ATTO 647N and ATTO 655 showed greater photostability than Cy5 and the protective–agent‐linked Cy5 derivatives investigated here, both of ATTO 647N and ATTO 655 generated singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radicals at relatively rapid rates, suggesting that they may be substantially more phototoxic than Cy5 and its derivatives.