bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indoxyl sulfate exacerbates alveolar bone loss in chronic kidney disease through ferroptosis
Authors: Chen Huiwen , Zhou Yining , Liu Yingli , Zhou Wei , Xu Lina , Shang Dihua , Ni Jing , Song Zhongchen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine whether indoxyl sulfate (IS) is involved in alveolar bone deterioration and to elucidate the mechanism underlying alveolar bone loss in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.Materials and MethodsMice were divided into the control group, CP group (ligature‐induced periodontitis), CKD group (5/6 nephrectomy), and CKD + CP group. The concentration of IS in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was determined by HPLC. The bone microarchitecture was evaluated by micro‐CT. MC3T3‐E1 cells were stimulated with IS, and changes in mitochondrial morphology and ferroptosis‐related factors were detected. RT‐PCR, western blotting, alkaline phosphatase activity assays, and alizarin red S staining were utilized to assess how IS affects osteogenic differentiation.ResultsCompared with that in the other groups, alveolar bone destruction in the CKD + CP group was more severe. IS accumulated in the GCF of mice with CKD. IS activated the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in vitro, inhibited MC3T3‐E1 cell osteogenic differentiation, caused changes in mitochondrial morphology, and activated the SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling pathway. An AhR inhibitor attenuated the aforementioned changes induced by IS.ConclusionsIS activated the AhR/SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling pathway, inhibited osteogenesis in MC3T3‐E1 cells, and participated in alveolar bone resorption in CKD model mice through ferroptosis.
An updated reappraisal of dupilumab in children and adolescents with moderate–severe atopic dermatitis
Authors: Ciprandi Giorgio , Licari Amelia , Tosca Maria Angela , Miraglia del Giudice Michele , Belloni Fortina Anna , Marseglia Gian Luigi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is still a demanding challenge in clinical practice. Type 2 inflammation is the most common inflammatory pathway in children and adolescents with AD. Anti‐inflammatory drugs, mainly corticosteroids (CS) and immunomodulant agents are the primary therapeutic approach to dampening type 2 inflammation. However, AD patients may require long‐term high CS doses or drug combinations with possibly significant adverse effects to achieve and maintain disease control. In this regard, the advent of biologics constituted a breakthrough in managing this condition. Dupilumab is a monoclonal antibody directed against the IL‐4 receptor α‐subunit (IL‐4Rα), antagonizing both IL‐4 and IL‐13 and is approved for pediatric severe AD. This review presents and discusses the most recent published studies on dupilumab in children and adolescents with AD. There is convincing evidence that dupilumab is safe and effective in managing AD. It can reduce skin lesions and associated itching, reduce the need for additional medications, and improve disease control and quality of life. However, a thorough diagnostic pathway is mandatory, especially considering the different AD phenotypes. The ideal eligible candidate is a child or adolescent with AD requiring systemic treatment because of severe clinical manifestations and impaired quality of life.
The fnr‐like mutants confer isoxaben tolerance by initiating mitochondrial retrograde signalling
Authors: Broad Ronan C. , Ogden Michael , Dutta Arka , Dracatos Peter M. , Whelan James , Persson Staffan , Khan Ghazanfar Abbas 
Published: June 2024

SummaryIsoxaben is a pre‐emergent herbicide used to control broadleaf weeds. While the phytotoxic mechanism is not completely understood, isoxaben interferes with cellulose synthesis. Certain mutations in cellulose synthase complex proteins can confer isoxaben tolerance; however, these mutations can cause compromised cellulose synthesis and perturbed plant growth, rendering them unsuitable as herbicide tolerance traits. We conducted a genetic screen to identify new genes associated with isoxaben tolerance by screening a selection of Arabidopsis thaliana T‐DNA mutants. We found that mutations in a FERREDOXIN‐NADP(+) OXIDOREDUCTASE‐LIKE (FNRL) gene enhanced tolerance to isoxaben, exhibited as a reduction in primary root stunting, reactive oxygen species accumulation and ectopic lignification. The fnrl mutant did not exhibit a reduction in cellulose levels following exposure to isoxaben, indicating that FNRL operates upstream of isoxaben‐induced cellulose inhibition. In line with these results, transcriptomic analysis revealed a highly reduced response to isoxaben treatment in fnrl mutant roots. The fnrl mutants displayed constitutively induced mitochondrial retrograde signalling, and the observed isoxaben tolerance is partially dependent on the transcription factor ANAC017, a key regulator of mitochondrial retrograde signalling. Moreover, FNRL is highly conserved across all plant lineages, implying conservation of its function. Notably, fnrl mutants did not show a growth penalty in shoots, making FNRL a promising target for biotechnological applications in breeding isoxaben tolerance in crops.
Indicators for ecological carrying capacity of bivalve and seaweed aquaculture
Authors: Byron Carrie J. , Koch Sophie J. I. , Callier Myriam D. , Kluger Lotta , Angel Dror L. , Vanaverbeke Jan , Filgueira Ramon 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWithin the framework of Ecosystem Approach to Aquaculture (EAA), ecological carrying capacity (ECC) is a key concept that helps to determine the upper limit of production without compromising ecosystem functioning. The implementation of ECC is complex as ECC differs between type of farms and location and standardised methods should be developed for management. There is therefore a clear need for operational indicators. The objectives of this paper were: (1) to carry out a systematic literature review on shellfish and seaweed aquaculture‐environment interactions to list the most used environmental indicators, (2) to classify the indicators according to the effects they measure (i.e., benthic, water quality, food web interactions, cultured organism health, resource use) and the scale at which they are applied, and (3) to assess their potential based on four indicator criteria categories: sensitivity, accuracy and precision, feasibility and utility, and ecosystem‐level scalability. Overall, indicators describing benthic effects were the most highly cited and scored. Indicators identified for bivalve and seaweed culture were discussed and compared to previous work on salmon aquaculture indicators to highlight similarities and differences across trophic levels. In addition, questions related to the challenges of ECC indicators implementation were presented to a panel of experts. The scoring and consultation provided the source of discussion on environmental management consistent with EAA.
Fluid evolution and genesis of the Changchunling Pb–Zn deposit in the Southern Great Xing'an Range, Northeast China: Constraints from fluid inclusions and H–O–S–Pb isotopes
Authors: Ma Xue‐li , Shi Kai‐tuo , Song Kai‐rui , Wang Rui 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe southern Great Xing'an Range (SGXR), an important polymetallic metallogenic province in the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) in Northeast China, containing numerous ore deposits of Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn, Au, and so forth. The Changchunling Pb–Zn deposit, located in the eastern segment of the SGXR, is primarily hosted by a Permian conglomerate and siltstone unit. The paragenetic sequence of the deposit can be divided into three stages involving arsenopyrite–quartz (stage I); pyrite–sphalerite–galena–quartz (stage II); and barren quartz–carbonate (stage III). Fluid inclusion (FIs) microthermometric studies revealed that only liquid‐rich aqueous inclusions (VL‐type FIs) are observed in the ore‐bearing quartz veins. The FIs of stages I, II, and III yield homogenization temperatures of 190–314, 170–268, and 140–195°C with salinities of 9.73–13.44, 7.86–10.74, and 4.94–5.99 wt% NaCl eqv., respectively. The ore‐forming fluids are characterized by low temperature and low salinity of the H2O–NaCl fluid system. The δ18OH2O and δD values range from −11.8‰ to 0‰ and −120.4‰ to −99.9‰, respectively, indicating that the source of the fluids was primarily derived from a mixed fluid of magmatic water and meteoric water. Fluid cooling, mixing and fluid‐rock reactions were the major ore precipitation mechanisms at Chanchunling. Sulfur‐lead isotopes of pyrite and sphalerite (δ34S = 2.3‰–3.7‰, 206Pb/204Pb = 18.259–18.285, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.544–15.57, and 208Pb/204Pb = 38.136–38.215) indicate that ore metals had a magmatic source. Integrating the available geological, mineralization, fluid inclusion, and H–O–S–Pb isotope evidence, we conclude that the Changchunling Pb–Zn deposit is an epithermal system, which shares many similar features with the regional Pb–Zn polymetallic deposit.
A taxonomy of business models of digital care platforms in Spain
Authors: Rodríguez‐Modroño Paula 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the last few years, the proliferation of digital labour platforms has led to the transformation of business models and labour relations in an increasing number of economic activities, including highly feminized and informal traditional sectors, such as care and domestic work. Drawing on an analysis of 37 digital care platforms in Spain, this research compares the distinctive features and structural power dynamics they engender, and it constructs a taxonomy of business models of these care platforms. By analysing the main features of their operational models, we are capable of distinguishing three main types of platforms: marketplace, on‐demand, and digital placement agencies. First, the paper argues that the distinctive features of each digital platform business model have differentiated impacts on working conditions in terms of access to tasks, remuneration, flexibility and means of control. This differentiation allows us to understand what is transformative and what is continuous in platforms' precarization or formalisation of care work and working conditions of carers, mainly women and migrants. Each business model has its differentiated outcomes in terms of labour control and reorganization of women's and migrants' reproductive work. Second, more broadly, while digital care platforms may have contributed to facilitating workers' access to jobs, reducing transaction costs and standardising processes, this has often been through the creation of more flexible and insecure forms of work and to increased market pressures. Therefore, this study contributes to existing research addressing the degree of formalization of labour relations in digital platform work through a nuanced analysis of their business models.
Serum lipids may causally affect the occurrence of alopecia areata: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Chen Jiazhen , Dai Xiangnong , Lin Sifan , Liu Jiahui , Li Qingqing , Xie Zhimin , He Zezhi , Ye Xingdong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurposeThe etiology of alopecia areata (AA) in relation to serum lipids remains unclear, thereby prompting our intention to do Mendelian study on this subject.DesignTwo‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed in the study. The inverse variance‐weighted method was used as the primary method.MethodsIn our study, we integrated a set of 123 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) into our analysis. These SNPs have been extensively studied and are known to exhibit associations with serum lipids. We sourced these SNPs from a variety of relevant studies and consortia that specifically focus on lipid‐related research, such as the MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit. These carefully curated SNPs were then utilized as instrumental variables in our analysis, allowing us to explore and evaluate the causal relationships between these genetic variants and serum lipids. By incorporating this comprehensive set of SNPs, we aimed to enhance the precision and robustness of our findings, shedding light on the intricate interplay between genetics and serum lipids.ResultsIn the MR analysis, a higher total lipid concentration in large low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) particles (odds ratio [OR] = 1.502; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.086–1.953; p = 0.006), a greater ratio of cholesteryl esters to total lipids in chylomicrons and extremely large very LDL (VLDL) particles (OR = 2.174; 95% CI = 1.300–2.500; p = 0.010), and a greater ratio of cholesterol to total lipids in chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL particles (OR = 2.363;95% CI = 1.556–4.438; p = 0.004), were genetically predicted to be causally associated with an increased risk of AA, while patients with a higher triglyceride to total lipids ratio in chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL particles had a lower risk of AA (OR = 0.481; 95% CI = 0.191–1.270; p = 0.002).ConclusionThis study found that serum lipids may be causally implicated in AA.
Taylor dispersion and phase mixing in the non‐cutoff Boltzmann equation on the whole space
Authors: Bedrossian Jacob , Coti Zelati Michele , Dolce Michele 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this paper we describe the long‐time behavior of the non‐cutoff Boltzmann equation with soft potentials near a global Maxwellian background on the whole space in the weakly collisional limit (that is, infinite Knudsen number ). Specifically, we prove that for initial data sufficiently small (independent of the Knudsen number), the solution displays several dynamics caused by the phase mixing/dispersive effects of the transport operator and its interplay with the singular collision operator. For ‐wavenumbers with , one sees an enhanced dissipation effect wherein the characteristic decay time‐scale is accelerated to , where is the singularity of the kernel ( being the Landau collision operator, which is also included in our analysis); for , one sees Taylor dispersion, wherein the decay time‐scale is accelerated to . Additionally, we prove almost uniform phase mixing estimates. For macroscopic quantities such as the density , these bounds imply almost uniform‐in‐ decay of in due to phase mixing and dispersive decay.
Maximizing Building Energy Efficiency Through Zone-Based Conditions: An Advanced Dynamic Simulation Approach
Authors: Fil Burak , Sözer Hatice 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The primary objective of this research is to maximize the building energy efficiency by identifying the zone-based conditions and employing an advanced energy simulation model. It is possible to achieve this by reducing periods of excessive heating and cooling by utilizing a calibrated energy model with 15-minute measured data. Further, by regulating the energy consumption of various functional zones corresponding to the work schedules, building's energy system timetables, and the sensible temperature comfort requirements, additional energy savings can be achieved. To show the effect of dynamic simulation on building energy consumption, periodic 15-min temperature data were collected in different zones to be used both in the calibration of the energy model and in the improvement of the current energy profile. Mean bias error and cumulative variation of the root mean squared error were chosen as a performance indicator. Utilizing measured data, over-heated and over-cooled periods were defined by manually identifying zone-based indoor comfort conditions to predict improvements in overall building energy performance. The potential energy savings that can be achieved by largely eliminating over-heating periods are calculated. In addition, energy needs of different zones were considered and zone-based scheduling and zone-based comfort conditions were applied with the implementation of demand-side management. As a result, 17% energy efficiency can be achieved with an automated heating system that controls the indoor temperatures and ensures that the temperature is always kept at the desired level. As a further improvement, 32% energy efficiency can be achieved by applying zone-based scheduling and comfort conditions.
Exploring the Relationship of Declarative Tactical Knowledge With Participation, Football Competence, and Potentiality in a Professional Club (Real Sociedad)
Authors: Sánchez-López Rubén , Echeazarra Ibon , Arrieta Jon Mikel , Castellano Julen 
Published: June 2024

We compared the declarative tactical knowledge (DTK) of 196 male and female players (16.9 ± 2.4 years) belonging to the academy of a Spanish professional football club with their participation (minutes played), football competence (coaching staff assessment), and future potential (technical direction prediction). The DTK had no correlation with the minutes played (%) by the participants during the 2021–22 season (r = −.162, p = .045). Student’s t test for independent samples compared the football competence of the participants with high DTK (n = 74) and low DTK (n = 76), proving a small impact (p = .021, d = 0.39) in favor of the first group. Although the high-DTK group showed a better average of potentiality, the technical direction identified more potential players for the first team in the low-DTK group. In conclusion, no solid evidence was found to justify that participants with higher DTK in each team were those who played more minutes and showed greater football competence and potentiality.
Field Hip Stability Isometric Test (F-HipSIT): Reliability of Assessing the Hip Posterolateral Muscle Strength in Sports Settings
Authors: de Lima e Silva Felipe Xavier , de Araujo Ribeiro-Alvares João Breno , de Souza Roberti Lucas , Mocellin Matheus Pitrez , Baroni Bruno Manfredini 
Published: June 2024

Context: The Hip Stability Isometric Test (HipSIT) is commonly employed in clinical settings for evaluating the hip posterolateral muscle strength. In this study, we introduced the “Field Hip Stability Isometric Test” (F-HipSIT) and assessed the intrarater and interrater reliability of this strength assessment specifically designed for sports settings. Design: Reliability study. Methods: Two independent raters (A and B) went to athletes’ training facilities to conduct 2 sessions of F-HipSIT spaced at least 1 week apart. The average peak force value from 3 valid attempts of each leg was recorded and normalized by the participant’s body mass for statistical analysis. Results: Thirty male and 30 female amateur athletes took part in this study. Rater A obtained similar values in the first (0.39 [0.05] and 0.44 [0.07] kg·f/kg) and second (0.39 [0.06] and 0.45 [0.07] kg·f/kg) testing days for men and women, respectively. Rater B also found similar values in the first (0.35 [0.06] and 0.42 [0.08] kg·f/kg) and second (0.36 [0.06] and 0.45 [0.08] kg·f/kg) testing days for men and women, respectively. Excellent intrarater intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values were found for men (ICC = .922) and women (ICC = .930), with coefficient of variation of 6% to 8% and minimal detectable change of 0.06 to 0.10 kg·f/kg. The F-HipSIT presented good interrater reliability for men (ICC = .857) and women (ICC = .868), with coefficient of variation of 5% and minimal detectable change of 0.05 to 0.06 kg·f/kg. Conclusion: The F-HipSIT intrarater and interrater reliability among male and female recreational athletes supports this field test as a quick and convenient screening tool to monitor hip posterolateral muscle strength in sports settings.
Enhanced catabolism of glycine betaine and derivatives provides improved osmotic stress protection in
Methylorubrum extorquens
PA1
Authors: Bruger Eric L. , Hying Zachary T. , Singla Deepanshu , Márquez Reyes Nicole L. , Pandey Shubham Kumar , Patel Jagdish Suresh , Bazurto Jannell V. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Integration of metabolites into the overall metabolic network of a cell requires careful coordination dependent upon the ultimate usage of the metabolite. Different stoichiometric needs, and thus pathway fluxes, must exist for compounds destined for diverse uses, such as carbon sources, nitrogen sources, or stress-protective agents. Herein, we expand upon our previous work that highlighted the nature of glycine betaine (GB) metabolism in Methylobacteria to examine the utilization of GB-derivative compounds dimethylglycine (DMG) and sarcosine into
Methylorubrum extorquens
in different metabolic capacities, including as sole nitrogen and/or carbon sources. We isolated gain-of-function mutations that allowed
M. extorquens
PA1 to utilize dimethylglycine as a carbon source and dimethylglycine and sarcosine as nitrogen source. Characterization of mutants demonstrated selection for variants of the AraC-like regulator Mext_3735 that confer constitutive expression of the GB metabolic gene cluster, allowing direct utilization of the downstream GB derivatives. Finally, among the distinct isolates examined, we found that catabolism of the osmoprotectant used for selection (GB or dimethylglycine) enhanced osmotic stress resistance provided in the presence of that particular osmolyte. Thus, access to the carbon and nitrogen and osmoprotective effects of GB and DMG are made readily accessible through adaptive mutations. In
M. extorquens
PA1, the limitations to exploiting this group of compounds appear to exist predominantly at the levels of gene regulation and functional activity, rather than being constrained by transport or toxicity.

IMPORTANCE

Osmotic stress is a common challenge for bacteria colonizing the phyllosphere, where glycine betaine (GB) can be found as a prevalent osmoprotectant. Though
Methylorubrum extorquens
PA1 cannot use GB or its demethylation products, dimethylglycine (DMG) and sarcosine, as a sole carbon source, utilization is highly selectable via single nucleotide changes for both GB and DMG growth. The innate inability to use these compounds is due to limited flux through steps in the pathway and regulatory constraints. Herein, the characterization of the transcriptional regulator, Mext_3735 (GbdR), expands our understanding of the various roles in which GB derivatives can be used in
M. extorquens
PA1. Interestingly, increased catabolism of GB and derivatives does not interfere with, but rather improves, the ability of cells to thrive under increased salt stress conditions, suggesting that metabolic flux improves stress tolerance rather than providing a distinct tension between uses.
Comparative evaluation of the STANDARD M10 and Xpert
C
.
difficile
assays for detection of toxigenic
Clostridioides difficile
in stool specimens
Authors: Lee Hyun-Woo , Yu Hui-Jin , Kim Heejung , Yun Sun Ae , Suh Eunsang , Kang Minhee , Kim Tae Yeul , Huh Hee Jae , Lee Nam Yong 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

This study compared the performance of two commercial molecular assays, the STANDARD M10
Clostridioides difficile
assay (M10) and the Xpert
C. difficile
assay (Xpert), for detecting toxigenic
C. difficile
in stool specimens. A total of 487 consecutive stool specimens submitted for routine
C. difficile
testing between June and November 2023 were included. Following routine testing using C. DIFF QUIK CHEK COMPLETE (QCC), M10 and Xpert were tested in parallel, alongside toxigenic culture (reference standard). Additionally, two-step algorithms, using QCC on the first step and either M10 or Xpert on the second step, were assessed. Both M10 and Xpert demonstrated a sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) of 100%. M10 exhibited significantly higher specificity and positive predictive value (PPV; 91.9% and 64.2%, respectively) than Xpert (90.3% and 59.8%, respectively). Both two-step algorithms showed a sensitivity and NPV of 98.4% and 99.8%, respectively. The specificity and PPV of the two-step algorithm using M10 (95.2% and 75.0%, respectively) were slightly higher than those of the one using Xpert (94.8% and 73.2%, respectively), without statistical significance. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, assessing the predictive ability of cycle threshold (Ct) values for the detection of free toxin, exhibited an area under the curve of 0.825 for M10 and 0.843 for Xpert. This indicates the utility of Ct values as predictors for the detection of free toxin in both assays. In conclusion, M10 proves to be an effective diagnostic tool with performance comparable to Xpert, whether utilized independently or as part of a two-step algorithm.