bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Priming effects under continuous flash suppression: An examination on subliminal bottom‐up processing
Authors: Kido Kaede , Makioka Shogo 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBinocular rivalry is a bistable perception that occurs when two dissimilar stimuli are presented to each eye. Recent studies have demonstrated that the reaction time to target words under binocular rivalry was shortened when semantically related prime words were presented supraliminally (Costello, Jiang, Baartman, McGlennen, & He, 2009). We investigated whether three types of priming (repetition, semantic, and cross‐script) occurred from the prime words presented under binocular rivalry, by using continuous flash suppression paradigm (Tsuchiya, Koch, Gilroy, & Blake, 2006). The prime words presented to the suppressed eye invoked repetition and cross‐script priming, but not semantic priming. The results suggested that the stimuli presented to the suppressed eye underwent shape and phonological level processing, but not semantic level processing.
Number processing of Arabic and Hebrew bilinguals: Evidence supporting the distance effect
Authors: Ganayim Deia , Ibrahim Raphiq 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn the current study, a direct assessment of the effect of language lexical‐syntactic structure and magnitude semantic access on numerical processing was made by contrasting the performance of Arabic/Hebrew bilinguals in a digital (Hindi‐digits/Arabic‐digits) and verbal numerical comparison task (Arabic, an inverted language: Units‐Decades, Hebrew, a non‐inverted language: Decades‐Units). Our data revealed in the digital presentation format (Experiment 1) a regular distance effect in Arabic language‐Hindi digits and Hebrew language‐Arabic digits, characterized by an inverse relation between reaction times and numerical distance with no difference in the mean reaction times of participants in Arabic‐L1 and Hebrew‐L2. This indicates that both lexical digits of two‐digit numbers in L1 and L2 are similarly processed and semantically accessed. However in the verbal presentation format (Experiment 2) a similar pattern of distance effect was found, but the mean reaction times in Arabic were lower than in Hebrew in each numerical distance. This indicates that the processing of two‐digit number words in L1 and L2 is semantically accessed and determined by the syntactic structure of each language.
Investigation of prognostic indicators for human uveal melanoma as biomarkers of canine uveal melanoma metastasis
Authors: Malho P. , Dunn K. , Donaldson D. , Dubielzig R. R. , Birand Z. , Starkey M. 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveTo evaluate if 14 genes that discriminate metastasising and non‐metastasising human uveal melanomas can differentiate metastasising and non‐metastasising uveal melanomas in dogs.MethodsNineteen archival biopsies of eyes with a histopathological classification of primary benign (n = 9) and malignant (n = 10) uveal melanoma were selected. Thoracic and/or abdominal metastases confirmed metastatic spread of the primary tumour in seven dogs during the follow‐up period. Gene expression was assayed by Reverse Transcription‐quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction. Genes displaying statistically significant differences in expression between the metastasising and non‐metastasising tumours were identified.ResultsFour genes (HTR2B, FXR1, LTA4H and CDH1) demonstrated increased expression in the metastasising uveal melanomas.Clinical SignificanceThis preliminary study illustrates the potential utility of gene expression markers for predicting canine uveal melanoma metastasis. The genes displaying elevated expression in the metastasising tumours are part of a 12‐discriminating gene set used in a routine assay, performed on fine needle aspirate biopsies collected without enucleation, for predicting human uveal melanoma metastasis. Further work is required to validate the results.
Correlates of Men's Sexual Interest: A Cross-Cultural Study
Authors: Carvalheira Ana , Træen Bente , Štulhofer Aleksandar 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Introduction
Low sexual desire has been studied more extensively in women than in men.

Aim
The study aims to analyze the correlates of distressing lack of sexual interest and the self-assessed reasons for the lack of sexual interest among heterosexual men from three countries.

Methods
A web-based survey was completed by 5,255 men aged 18–75 years from Portugal, Croatia, and Norway.

Main Outcome Measures
We used an item that assesses lack of sexual interest from the British NATSAL 2000. Anxiety and depression were measured with the SCL-ANX4 and SCL-DEP6. Relationship intimacy was measured using a five-item version of the Emotional Intimacy Scale. A shortened version of the Sexual Boredom Scale was used to assess proneness to sexual boredom in relation to the duration of relationship, and personal distress was evaluated using an item created for this study.

Results
Distressing lack of sexual interest lasting at least 2 months in the previous year was reported by 14.4% of the participants. The most prevalent comorbidity among these men was erectile difficulty (48.7%). Men with low confidence levels in erectile function, not feeling attracted to the partner, and those in long-term relationships were more likely to have experienced lack of sexual interest than were men with high confidence levels and those who felt attracted to their partner and those in shorter-term relationships. Professional stress was the most frequently reported reason for lack of sexual interest. Sexual boredom as a result of a long-term relationship was significantly and negatively correlated with the level of intimacy (r = −0.351, P &lt; 0.001) and sexual satisfaction (r = −0.497, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
Distressing lack of sexual interest in heterosexual men was associated with a number of intrapersonal (self-confidence in erectile function, stress), interpersonal (relationship duration, partner attractiveness), and sociocultural variables.
Trussht me, I know what I sshaw: The acceptance of misinformation from an apparently unreliable co‐witness
Authors: Zajac Rachel , Dickson Jake , Munn Robert , O'Neill Sarah 
Published: October 2013

PurposeWe used apparent co‐witness intoxication as a way to examine the effect of source credibility on the acceptance of misinformation from a co‐witness.MethodsAlongside an experimental confederate, individual participants (N = 100) watched a clip involving two simulated thefts. Immediately beforehand, half of the participants watched the confederate consume what appeared to be three alcoholic beverages. During a subsequent discussion with the participant, the confederate introduced two pieces of misinformation about the clip. In the absence of the confederate, participants were then interviewed before completing a target‐absent line‐up task.ResultsAs expected, misinformation impaired participants’ verbal reports, and misinformation about appearance impaired line‐up performance. Overall susceptibility to misinformation was not significantly related to co‐witness condition, or to participants’ ratings of the confederate's intoxication or ability to accurately complete the tasks. On individual items, however, co‐witness condition appeared to exert some influence on misinformation acceptance if the participant's pre‐misinformation response was discrepant with the misinformation, but not when it was ‘don't know’.ConclusionsIt is possible that effects of source credibility on misinformation acceptance may depend, at least to some extent, on the presence of a clear discrepancy between the misinformation and the witness's recollection.
Tension‐Free Vaginal Tape‐SECUR Procedure for the Treatment of Female Stress Urinary Incontinence: 3‐Year Follow‐Up Results
Authors: LEE Ha Na , LEE Sin‐Woo , LEE Young‐Suk , LEE Seo Yeon , LEE Kyu‐Sung 
Published: October 2013

ObjectivesTo assess the efficacy and complications associated with the use of the tension‐free vaginal tape (TVT)‐Secur system device for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI) based on a 3‐year follow‐up.MethodsWomen with SUI were randomly allocated to either the U‐ or H‐type groups depending on the TVT‐Secur approach used. Patients were questioned about continence and satisfaction 1, 2, and 3 years after surgery. Patients were assessed postoperatively by questionnaires including Sandvik, Incontinence Quality of Life (I‐QoL), Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms‐Scored Form (BF‐LUTS), incontinence visual analogue scale (I‐VAS), and benefit, satisfaction, and willingness to continue questionnaire. Cure was regarded as no leakage on the Sandvik questionnaire.ResultsA total of 115 patients with SUI were included in this study (U‐type: 53, H‐type: 62). A total of 102 patients were followed‐up for 3 years (U‐type: 47, H‐type: 55). The overall cure rate at the 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐year follow‐ups was 87.8, 83.0, and 79.4%, respectively, and there was no difference in the cure rate between the U‐and H‐type approaches. Approximately 83.4 and 83.3% of patients were satisfied with the surgical outcome at the 1‐ and 3‐year follow‐ups. I‐QoL, BFLUTS‐SF, and I‐VAS were improved from baseline regardless of the approach used at the 1‐ and 2‐year follow‐ups. Complications included intraoperative vaginal wall perforation (three cases), voiding difficulties such as immediate postoperative retention, and urgency episodes.ConclusionsBoth U‐ and H‐type approaches of TVT‐Secur for the treatment of female SUI remains efficacious, safe, and satisfactory for up to 3 years after surgery.
The Wabar impact craters, Saudi Arabia, revisited
Authors: Gnos E. , Hofmann B. A. , Halawani M. A. , Tarabulsi Y. , Hakeem M. , Al Shanti M. , Greber N. D. , Holm S. , Alwmark C. , Greenwood R. C. , Ramseyer K. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe very young Wabar craters formed by impact of an iron meteorite and are known to the scientific community since 1933. We describe field observations made during a visit to the Wabar impact site, provide analytical data on the material collected, and combine these data with poorly known information discovered during the recovery of the largest meteorites. During our visit in March 2008, only two craters (Philby‐B and 11 m) were visible; Philby‐A was completely covered by sand. Mapping of the ejecta field showed that the outcrops are strongly changing over time. Combining information from different visitors with our own and satellite images, we estimate that the large seif dunes over the impact site migrate by approximately 1.0–2.0 m yr−1 southward. Shock lithification took place even at the smallest, 11 m crater, but planar fractures (PFs) and undecorated planar deformation features (PDFs), as well as coesite and stishovite, have only been found in shock‐lithified material from the two larger craters. Shock‐lithified dune sand material shows perfectly preserved sedimentary structures including cross‐bedding and animal burrows as well as postimpact structures such as open fractures perpendicular to the bedding, slickensides, and radiating striation resembling shatter cones. The composition of all impact melt glasses can be explained as mixtures of aeolian sand and iron meteorite. We observed a partial decoupling of Fe and Ni in the black impact glass, probably due to partitioning of Ni into unoxidized metal droplets. The absence of a Ca‐enriched component demonstrates that the craters did not penetrate the bedrock below the sand sheet, which has an estimated thickness of 20–30 m.
Environmental harshness is positively correlated with intraspecific divergence in mammals and birds
Authors: Botero Carlos A. , Dor Roi , McCain Christy M. , Safran Rebecca J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractLife on Earth is conspicuously more diverse in the tropics. Although this intriguing geographical pattern has been linked to many biotic and abiotic factors, their relative importance and potential interactions are still poorly understood. The way in which latitudinal changes in ecological conditions influence evolutionary processes is particularly controversial, as there is evidence for both a positive and a negative latitudinal gradient in speciation rates. Here, we identify and address some methodological issues (how patterns are analysed and how latitude is quantified) that could lead to such conflicting results. To address these issues, we assemble a comprehensive data set of the environmental correlates of latitude (including climate, net primary productivity and habitat heterogeneity) and combine it with biological, historical and molecular data to explore global patterns in recent divergence events (subspeciation). Surprisingly, we find that the harsher conditions that typify temperate habitats (lower primary productivity, decreased rainfall and more variable and unpredictable temperatures) are positively correlated with greater subspecies richness in terrestrial mammals and birds. Thus, our findings indicate that intraspecific divergence is greater in regions with lower biodiversity, a pattern that is robust to both sampling variation and latitudinal biases in taxonomic knowledge. We discuss possible causal mechanisms for the link between environmental harshness and subspecies richness (faster rates of evolution, greater likelihood of range discontinuities and more opportunities for divergence) and conclude that this pattern supports recent indications that latitudinal gradients of diversity are maintained by simultaneously higher potentials for both speciation and extinction in temperate than tropical regions.
Stable micron‐scale holes are a general feature of canonical holins
Authors: Savva Christos G. , Dewey Jill S. , Moussa Samir H. , To Kam H. , Holzenburg Andreas , Young Ry 
Published: October 2013

SummaryAt a programmed time in phage infection cycles, canonical holins suddenly trigger to cause lethal damage to the cytoplasmic membrane, resulting in the cessation of respiration and the non‐specific release of pre‐folded, fully active endolysins to the periplasm. For the paradigm holin S105 of lambda, triggering is correlated with the formation of micron‐scale membrane holes, visible as interruptions in the bilayer in cryo‐electron microscopic images and tomographic reconstructions. Here we report that the size distribution of the holes is stable for long periods after triggering. Moreover, early triggering caused by an early lysis allele of S105 formed approximately the same number of holes, but the lesions were significantly smaller. In contrast, early triggering prematurely induced by energy poisons resulted in many fewer visible holes, consistent with previous sizing studies. Importantly, the unrelated canonical holins P2 Y and T4 T were found to cause the formation of holes of approximately the same size and number as for lambda. In contrast, no such lesions were visible after triggering of the pinholin S2168. These results generalize the hole formation phenomenon for canonical holins. A model is presented suggesting the unprecedentedly large size of these holes is related to the timing mechanism.
Alemtuzumab induction with tacrolimus monotherapy in 25 pediatric renal transplant recipients
Authors: Sung Jennifer , Barry John M. , Jenkins Randy , Rozansky David , Iragorri Sandra , Conlin Michael , Al‐Uzri Amira 
Published: October 2013

AbstractALA induction in transplantation has been shown to reduce the need for maintenance immunosuppression. We report the outcome of 25 pediatric renal transplants between 2007 and 2010 using ALA induction followed by tacrolimus maintenance monotherapy. Patient ages were 1–19 yr (mean 14 ± 4.1 yr). Time of follow‐up was 7–51 months (mean 26 ± 13 months). Tacrolimus monotherapy was maintained in 48% of patients, and glucocorticoids were avoided in 80% of recipients. Mean plasma creatinine and GFR at one yr post‐transplant were 0.88 ± 0.3 mg/dL and 104.4 ± 25 mL/min/1.73m2, respectively. One, two, and three‐yr actuarial patient and graft survival rates were 100%. The incidence of early AR (<12 months after transplantation) was 12%, while the incidence of late AR (after 12 months) was 16%. Forty‐four percent of the recipients recovered normal, baseline renal function after an episode of AR, and 44% had persistent renal dysfunction (plasma creatinine 1.0–1.8 mg/dL). One graft was lost four yr after transplantation due to medication non‐compliance. Four (16%) patients developed BK or CMV infection. In our experience, ALA induction with tacrolimus monotherapy resulted in excellent short‐ and mid‐term patient and graft survival in low‐immunologic risk pediatric renal transplant recipients.
Empiric switch from calcineurin inhibitor to sirolimus‐based immunosuppression in pediatric heart transplantation recipients
Authors: Loar Robert W. , Driscoll David J. , Kushwaha Sudhir S. , Cramer Carl H. , O'Leary Patrick W. , Daly Richard C. , Mauriello Daniel A. , Johnson Jonathan N. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSirolimus is used in heart transplant patients with CAV and CNI‐induced nephropathy. However, little is known regarding the tolerability, rejection rate, and effect on renal function when used empirically in children. We describe our experience with the empiric use of a sirolimus‐based immunosuppressive regimen in pediatric heart transplantation recipients. We reviewed records of patients in whom conversion was attempted to a CNI‐free sirolimus‐based regimen. Rejection episodes and measures of renal function were recorded. We attempted to convert 20 patients, of which 16 were successful. In total, six of 20 patients (30%) experienced adverse effects. Of the 16 converted, four patients converted to sirolimus due to CNI‐induced disease (three nephropathy, one CAV), while 12 patients (mean age 5.5 yr, range 0.1–21 yr; 33% female; 33% with a history of congenital heart disease) were empirically switched to sirolimus at a mean of 2.3 yr after transplant. Follow‐up was available for a mean of 2.5 yr after conversion (range 0.5–8.3 yr). The rate of rejection while taking CNIs was 0.18 rejection episodes per patient‐year (total of five episodes), compared with 0.03 rejection episodes per patient‐year (total of one episode) while on sirolimus. Renal function, in terms of GFR, significantly improved after sirolimus conversion at latest follow‐up (from 86 ± 37 mL/min to 130 ± 49 mL/min, p = 0.02). Here, we demonstrate the potential benefit of empiric use of sirolimus in pediatric heart transplant patients in a CNI‐free regimen. Larger and longer studies are needed to further clarify risks of rejection and adverse effect profiles.
VPS 45‐associated primary infantile myelofibrosis – Successful treatment with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Stepensky Polina , Simanovsky Natalia , Averbuch Diana , Gross Menachem , Yanir Asaf , Mevorach Dror , Elpeleg Orly , Weintraub Michael 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPMF of infancy is a recently described autosomal recessive disorder presenting with severe bone marrow failure, accelerated neutrophil apoptosis, and significant platelet dysfunction, caused by a mutation in the VPS45 gene. In this study, we update our group of patients with PMF, highlighting different aspects of this disease, and evaluating the effectiveness of HSCT for the treatment of this disorder. Update of clinical data, hematological features, molecular studies, treatment and final outcome of four children diagnosed with VPS 45‐associated PMF of infancy. The patients described had clinical and hematological findings consistent with MF. Molecular studies showed that all patients were homozygous for the Thr224Asn mutation in the VPS 45 gene. HSCT was carried out in three patients and was successful in two. VPS 45‐associated MF is a novel primary immune deficiency that can be successfully corrected by HSCT if applied early in the course of disease using appropriate conditioning. The diagnosis of VPS 45‐associated PMF should be considered in all children presenting with SCN with subsequent development of pancytopenia. Long‐term follow‐up of these patients is necessary to identify extra‐hematological manifestations of VPS45 deficiency.
Clinical utility of the Functional Independence Measure for assessment of patients with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia
Authors: Tanaka Naofumi , Nakatsuka Masahiro , Ishii Hiroshi , Nakayama Rie , Hosaka Ryoko , Meguro Kenichi 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate the clinical utility of the Functional Independence Measure (FIM), and especially FIM‐Cognition (FIM‐C) scores, in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD), and to determine the influence of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) on FIM‐C scores.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional survey of 37 AD and 40 VaD patients. Cognitive function was assessed with the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument. Activities of daily living were evaluated with the FIM and the Barthel Index. BPSD were assessed with the Behavioural Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Frequency Weighted Severity Scale.ResultsFor both groups, Spearman's correlations were found between FIM‐Motor and Barthel Index scores and between FIM‐C and Mini Mental State Examination scores. Each FIM‐C subscore was correlated with Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument scores in both groups, except for the FIM‐C Social interaction subscore in VaD. VaD patients showing Activity Disturbance and Aggressiveness on the Behavioural Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Frequency Weighted Severity Scale had significantly lower FIM‐C Memory and Social interaction subscores than those without BPSD.ConclusionThe results suggest that the FIM‐Motor and FIM‐C scales are useful measures of physical and cognitive disabilities in patients with AD and VaD. The FIM‐C profile of AD may reflect global cognitive function, while that of VaD may be more influenced by BPSD.
Stressful life events and neuroticism as predictors of late‐life versus early‐life depression
Authors: Weber Kerstin , Giannakopoulos Panteleimon , Herrmann François R. , Bartolomei Javier , DiGiorgio Sergio , Ortiz Chicherio Nadia , Delaloye Christophe , Ghisletta Paolo , Lecerf Thierry , De Ribaupierre Anik , Canuto Alessandra 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackground:The occurrence of depression in younger adults is related to the combination of long‐standing factors such as personality traits (neuroticism) and more acute factors such as the subjective impact of stressful life events. Whether an increase in physical illnesses changes these associations in old age depression remains a matter of debate.Methods:We compared 79 outpatients with major depression and 102 never‐depressed controls; subjects included both young (mean age: 35 years) and older (mean age: 70 years) adults. Assessments included the Social Readjustment Rating Scale, NEO Personality Inventory and Cumulative Illness Rating Scale. Logistic regression models analyzed the association between depression and subjective impact of stressful life events while controlling for neuroticism and physical illness.Results:Patients and controls experienced the same number of stressful life events in the past 12 months. However, in contrast to the controls, patients associated the events with a subjective negative emotional impact. Negative stress impact and levels of neuroticism, but not physical illness, significantly predicted depression in young age. In old age, negative stress impact was weakly associated with depression. In this age group, depressive illness was also determined by physical illness burden and neuroticism.Conclusions:Our data suggest that the subjective impact of life stressors, although rated as of the same magnitude, plays a less important role in accounting for depression in older age compared to young age. They also indicate an increasing weight of physical illness burden in the prediction of depression occurrence in old age.