bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermoelectric Efficiency of Reduced SrTiO3 Ceramics Modified with La and Nb
Authors: Teranishi Takashi , Ishikawa Yusuke , Hayashi Hidetaka , Kishimoto Akira , Katayama Misaki , Inada Yasuhiro 
Published: May 2013

Ceramics of LaxSr1−xNbyTi1−yO3 (LSNT) were synthesized under various reducing atmospheres. Covering the specimens with graphite carbon felt under an Ar‐gas flow during sintering drastically enhanced the electrical conductivity, σ. Ti K‐edge absorption spectra indicated the presence of Ti3+ for heavily reduced specimens. The increase in conductivity was attributed to the 3d band of Ti3+. The maximum value for the figure of merit, ZT, was obtained for strontium titanate ceramics modified with both 5 mol% La and 5 mol% Nb, namely 5/5‐LSNT, exhibiting a ZT value of ~0.221 at 473 K. This high ZT value was almost 1.5 × larger than that of the conventional 10 mol% La‐doped sample, 10/0‐LSNT (ZT~0.144), and was mainly attributed to the larger Seebeck coefficient of the material.
Thermal Expansion of Rare‐Earth Pyrosilicates
Authors: Fernández‐Carrión Alberto J. , Allix Mathieu , Becerro Ana I. 
Published: May 2013

The use of RE2Si2O7 materials as environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) and in the sintering process of advanced ceramics demands a precise knowledge of the coefficient of thermal expansion of the RE2Si2O7. High‐temperature X‐ray diffraction (HTXRD) patterns were collected on different RE2Si2O7 polymorphs, namely A, G, α, β, γ, and δ, to determine the changes in unit cell dimensions. RE2Si2O7 compounds belonging to the same polymorph showed, qualitatively, very similar unit cell parameters behavior with temperature, whereas the different polymorphs of a given RE2Si2O7 compound exhibited markedly different thermal expansion evolution. The isotropy of thermal expansion was demonstrated for the A‐RE2Si2O7 polymorph while the rest of polymorphs exhibited an anisotropic unit cell expansion with the biggest expansion directed along the REOx polyhedral chains. The apparent bulk thermal expansion coeficcients (ABCTE) were calculated from the unit cell volume expansion for each RE2Si2O7 compound. All compounds belonging to the same polymorph exhibited similar ABCTE values. However, the ABCTE values differ significantly from one polymorph to the other. The highest ABCTE values correspond to A‐RE2Si2O7 compounds, with an average of 12.1 × 10−6 K−1, whereas the lowest values are those of β‐ and γ‐RE2Si2O7, which showed average ABCTE values of ~4.0 × 10−6 K−1.
No evidence for behavioural adaptations to nematode parasitism by the flyDrosophila putrida
Authors: Debban C. L. , Dyer K. A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBehavioural adaptations of hosts to their parasites form an important component of the evolutionary dynamics of host–parasite interactions. As mushroom‐feedingDrosophilacan tolerate deadly mycotoxins, but theirHowardulanematode parasites cannot, we asked how consuming the potent mycotoxin α‐amanitin has affected this host–parasite interaction. We used the flyD. putridaand its parasiteH. aoronymphium, which is both highly virulent and at high prevalence in some populations, and investigated whether adult flies utilize food with toxin to prevent infection in the next generation or consume the toxin to reduce the virulence of an already established infection. First, we found that uninfected females did not prefer to eat or lay their eggs on toxic food, indicating that selection has not acted on the flies to alter their behaviour towards α‐amanitin to prevent their offspring from becoming infected byHowardula. However, we cannot rule out that flies use an alternate cue that is associated with toxin presence in the wild. Second, we found that infected females did not prefer to eat food with α‐amanitin and that consuming α‐amanitin did not cure or reduce the virulence of the parasite in adults that were already infected. In sum, our results indicate there are no direct effects of eating α‐amanitin on this host–parasite interaction, and we suggest that toxin tolerance is more likely maintained by selection due to competition for resources than as a mechanism to avoid parasite infection or to reduce the virulence of infection.
Getting a grip on the evolution of grasping in musteloid carnivorans: a three‐dimensional analysis of forelimb shape
Authors: Fabre A.‐C. , Cornette R. , Slater G. , Argot C. , Peigné S. , Goswami A. , Pouydebat E. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe ability to grasp and manipulate is often considered a hallmark of hominins and associated with the evolution of their bipedal locomotion and tool use. Yet, many other mammals use their forelimbs to grasp and manipulate objects. Previous investigations have suggested that grasping may be derived from digging behaviour, arboreal locomotion or hunting behaviour. Here, we test the arboreal origin of grasping and investigate whether an arboreal lifestyle could confer a greater grasping ability in musteloid carnivorans. Moreover, we investigate the morphological adaptations related to grasping and the differences between arboreal species with different grasping abilities. We predict that if grasping is derived from an arboreal lifestyle, then the anatomical specializations of the forelimb for arboreality must be similar to those involved in grasping. We further predict that arboreal species with a well‐developed manipulation ability will have articulations that facilitate radio‐ulnar rotation. We use ancestral character state reconstructions of lifestyle and grasping ability to understand the evolution of both traits. Finally, we use a surface sliding semi‐landmark approach capable of quantifying the articulations in their full complexity. Our results largely confirm our predictions, demonstrating that musteloids with greater grasping skills differ markedly from others in the shape of their forelimb bones. These analyses further suggest that the evolution of an arboreal lifestyle likely preceded the development of enhanced grasping ability.
Lean red meat consumption and lipid profiles in adolescent girls
Authors: Bradlee M. L. , Singer M. R. , Moore L. L. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundEpidemiological studies of red meat consumption often fail to distinguish between leaner and fattier or processed cuts of meat. Red meat has also been frequently linked with less healthy diet patterns. Data exploring the health effects of lean red meat in younger individuals are scarce, particularly in the context of a healthy diet. The present study examined the effects of lean red meat in combination with higher intakes of fruit/nonstarchy vegetables on lipid profiles in older adolescent girls.MethodsData from 1461 girls who were followed for 10 years, starting at 9–10 years of age, in the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study were used. Diet was assessed using multiple sets of 3‐day records collected over eight examination cycles. Outcome measures included fasting levels of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), non‐HDL‐C and triglycerides at age 18–20 years.ResultsAfter adjusting for age, race, socioeconomic status, height, activity level, hours of television per day, and intakes of whole grains and dairy foods using multivariable modelling, girls consuming ≥6 oz lean red meat per week combined with two or more servings of fruit/nonstarchy vegetables per day had LDL‐C levels approximately 6–7 mg dL−1 lower (P < 0.05) than girls with lower intakes of lean red meat and fruit/nonstarchy vegetables. In addition, girls with higher intakes of both were 33% less likely (odds ratio = 0.67, 95% confidence interval = 0.48–0.94) to have an LDL‐C ≥110 mg dL−1 and 41% less likely (odds ratio = 0.59, 95% confidence interval = 0.42–0.83) to have an elevated LDL : HDL ratio (≥2.2) at the end of adolescence.ConclusionsThese analyses suggest that lean red meat may be included in a healthy adolescent diet without unfavourable effects on lipid values.
Reducing the cost of dietary assessment: Self‐Completed Recall and Analysis of Nutrition for use with children (SCRAN24)
Authors: Foster E. , Hawkins A. , Delve J. , Adamson A. J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundSelf‐Completed Recall and Analysis of Nutrition (scran24) is a prototype computerised 24‐h recall system for use with 11–16 year olds. It is based on the Multiple Pass 24‐h Recall method and includes prompts and checks throughout the system for forgotten food items.Methods and resultsThe development of scran24 was informed by an extensive literature review, a series of focus groups and usability testing. The first stage of the recall is a quick list where the user is asked to input all the foods and drinks they remember consuming the previous day. The quick list is structured into meals and snacks. Once the quick list is complete, additional information is collected on each food to determine food type and to obtain an estimate of portion size using digital images of food. Foods are located within the system using a free text search, which is linked to the information entered into the quick list. A time is assigned to each eating occasion using drag and drop onto a timeline. The system prompts the user if no foods or drinks have been consumed within a 3‐h time frame, or if fewer than three drinks have been consumed throughout the day. The food composition code and weight (g) of all items selected are automatically allocated and stored. Nutritional information can be generated automatically via the scran24 companion Access database.Conclusionsscran24 was very well received by young people and was relatively quick to complete. The accuracy and precision was close to that of similar computer‐based systems currently used in dietary studies.
Year 7 dietary intake: a comparison of two schools with middle–high socio‐economic status
Authors: Greatwood H. C. , Daly‐Smith A. , McGregor S. , McKenna J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundWith an established, yet avoidable, link between dietary intake and poor health, the nutritional habits of adolescents remains a public health concern. Previous studies report an inverse relationship between dietary intake and socio‐economic status (SES), although few studies have considered the influence of the SES gradient. The present study compared the nutritional profiles of neighbouring schools with pupils from middle to high economic backgrounds.MethodsOne hundred and ninety pupils from a high SES school (HSESS) and 159 pupils from a middle SES school (MSESS) (aged 11–12 years) completed a 63‐item validated food frequency questionnaire. Pupils rated their diet quality and this was compared with a composite Healthy Eating Index (HEI).ResultsChildren attending MSESS consumed significantly higher intakes of energy (P < 0.001), carbohydrate (P = 0.001), fat (P < 0.001) and protein (P = 0.001). As a percentage of energy contribution, pupils in both schools consumed excess saturated fat (HSESS, +5% boys, +4% girls; MSESS, +4% both boys and girls) and sugar (HSESS, +9% boys, +11% girls; MSESS, +10% boys, +11% girls). When HEI was compared with self‐report diet quality, 96% HSESS pupils and 94% MSESS pupils over‐rated the quality of their diet.ConclusionsThe present study identified that, although pupils from MSESS consume a significantly higher intake of energy and macronutrient compared to a nearby HSESS, the percentage of energy contribution of saturated fat and sugar is above government recommendations for pupils from both schools. Additionally, the majority of pupils from both schools substantially over‐rated their diet quality compared to a HEI.
Antisocial Behavior Trajectories and Social Victimization Within and Between School Years in Early Adolescence
Authors: Light John M. , Rusby Julie C. , Nies Kimberley M. , Snijders Tom A. B. 
Published: May 2013

Antisocial behavior typically increases during early adolescence, but the possibility of seasonal variation has not been examined. In this study, trajectories of antisocial behavior were estimated for early adolescent boys and girls. Data were obtained from a 3‐year longitudinal study of 11 middle schools in the western United States (n = 5,742), with assessments completed four times per academic year. Antisocial behavior increased steadily throughout 6th grade, but beginning in 7th grade for boys and 8th grade for girls it declined during the school year. Significant increases between Grades 6–7 and 7–8 were found for both genders. Trajectories varied by contextual and individual‐level social victimization and gender. Implications for theoretical development and future studies are discussed.
Relationships between heart rate and age, bodyweight and breed in 10,849 dogs
Authors: Hezzell M. J. , Humm K. , Dennis S. G. , Agee L. , Boswood A. 
Published: May 2013

ObjectivesTo evaluate relationships between heart rate and clinical variables in healthy dogs and dogs examined at a referral hospital.MethodsClinical data were extracted from the electronic patient records of a first opinion group (5000 healthy dogs) and a referral hospital (5849 dogs). Univariable and multi‐variable general linear models were used to assess associations between heart rate and clinical characteristics. Separate multi‐variable models were constructed for first opinion and referral populations.ResultsIn healthy dogs, heart rate was negatively associated with bodyweight (P<0·001) but was higher in Chihuahuas. The mean difference in heart rate between a 5 and 55 kg dog was 10·5 beats per minute. In dogs presenting to a referral hospital, heart rate was negatively associated with bodyweight (P<0·001) and the following breeds; border collie, golden retriever, Labrador retriever, springer spaniel and West Highland white terrier and positively associated with age, admitting service (emergency and critical care, emergency first opinion and cardiology) and the following breeds; Cavalier King Charles spaniel, Staffordshire bull terrier and Yorkshire terrier.Clinical SignificanceBodyweight, age, breed and disease status all influence heart rate in dogs, although these factors account for a relatively small proportion of the overall variability in heart rate.
Characterization of the LTR retrotransposon repertoire of a plant clade of six diploid and one tetraploid species
Authors: Piednoël Mathieu , Carrete‐Vega Greta , Renner Susanne S. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryComparisons of closely related species are needed to understand the fine‐scale dynamics of retrotransposon evolution in flowering plants. Towards this goal, we classified the long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons from six diploid and one tetraploid species of Orobanchaceae. The study species are the autotrophic, non‐parasitic Lindenbergia philippensis (as an out‐group) and six closely related holoparasitic species of Orobanche [O. crenata, O. cumana, O. gracilis (tetraploid) and O. pancicii] and Phelipanche (P. lavandulacea and P. ramosa). All major plant LTR retrotransposon clades could be identified, and appear to be inherited from a common ancestor. Species of Orobanche, but not Phelipanche, are enriched in Ty3/Gypsy retrotransposons due to a diversification of elements, especially chromoviruses. This is particularly striking in O. gracilis, where tetraploidization seems to have contributed to the Ty3/Gypsy enrichment and led to the emergence of seven large species‐specific families of chromoviruses. The preferential insertion of chromoviruses in heterochromatin via their chromodomains might have favored their diversification and enrichment. Our phylogenetic analyses of LTR retrotransposons from Orobanchaceae also revealed that the Bianca clade of Ty1/Copia and the SMART‐related elements are much more widely distributed among angiosperms than previously known.
The catalytic domain CysPc of the DEK1 calpain is functionally conserved in land plants
Authors: Liang Zhe , Demko Viktor , Wilson Robert C. , Johnson Kenneth A. , Ahmad Rafi , Perroud Pierre‐François , Quatrano Ralph , Zhao Sen , Shalchian‐Tabrizi Kamran , Otegui Marisa S. , Olsen Odd‐Arne , Johansen Wenche 
Published: May 2013

SummaryDEK1, the single calpain of land plants, is a member of the ancient membrane bound TML–CysPc–C2L calpain family that dates back 1.5 billion years. Here we show that the CysPc–C2L domains of land plant calpains form a separate sub‐clade in the DEK1 clade of the phylogenetic tree of plants. The charophycean alga Mesostigma viride DEK1‐like gene is clearly divergent from those in land plants, suggesting that a major evolutionary shift in DEK1 occurred during the transition to land plants. Based on genetic complementation of the Arabidopsis thaliana dek1‐3 mutant using CysPc–C2L domains of various origins, we show that these two domains have been functionally conserved within land plants for at least 450 million years. This conclusion is based on the observation that the CysPc–C2L domains of DEK1 from the moss Physcomitrella patens complements the A. thaliana dek1‐3 mutant phenotype. In contrast, neither the CysPc–C2L domains from M. viride nor chimeric animal–plant calpains complement this mutant. Co‐evolution analysis identified differences in the interactions between the CysPc–C2L residues of DEK1 and classical calpains, supporting the view that the two enzymes are regulated by fundamentally different mechanisms. Using the A. thaliana dek1‐3 complementation assay, we show that four conserved amino acid residues of two Ca2+‐binding sites in the CysPc domain of classical calpains are conserved in land plants and functionally essential in A. thaliana DEK1.
BLH1 and KNAT3 modulate ABA responses during germination and early seedling development in Arabidopsis
Authors: Kim Dachan , Cho Young‐hyun , Ryu Hojin , Kim Yoonhee , Kim Tae‐Houn , Hwang Ildoo 
Published: May 2013

SummaryThe signal transduction pathway governed by the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates not only abiotic stress responses but also early developmental programs such as seed dormancy, germination and seedling growth in response to environmental signals. Optimal plant growth and development depend on the integration of environmental stimuli and intrinsic developmental programs. Here, we show that the homeodomain transcription factors BLH1 and KNAT3, previously implicated in embryo sac development, have additional functions in ABA‐mediated seed dormancy and early seedling development. The ABA‐dependent induction of BLH1 and KNAT3 expression required the presence of functional PYR/PYL/RCAR receptors. The blh1 and knat3 mutants were less sensitive than the wild‐type to ABA or salinity exposure during seed germination and early seedling development. In contrast, BLH1 over‐expressing lines were hypersensitive to ABA and salinity, and exhibited increased expression of ABA‐responsive genes, such as ABI3 and ABI5. BLH1 interacted with KNAT3 and enhanced the retention of KNAT3 in the nucleus. BLH1 and KNAT3 synergistically increased the ABA responses by binding to and subsequently activating the ABI3 promoter. Taken together, we propose that BLH1 and KNAT3 together modulate seed germination and early seedling development by directly regulating ABI3 expression.
Arabidopsis FRS4/CPD25 and FHY3/CPD45 work cooperatively to promote the expression of the chloroplast division gene ARC5 and chloroplast division
Authors: Gao Yuefang , Liu Han , An Chuanjing , Shi Yuhong , Liu Xia , Yuan Wanqiong , Zhang Bing , Yang Jin , Yu Caixia , Gao Hongbo 
Published: May 2013

SummaryARC5 is a dynamin‐related GTPase essential for the division of chloroplasts in plants. The arc5 mutant frequently exhibits enlarged, dumbbell‐shaped chloroplasts, indicating a role for ARC5 in the constriction of the chloroplast division site. In a screen for chloroplast division mutants with a phenotype similar to arc5, two mutants, cpd25 and cpd45, were obtained. CPD45 was identified as being the same gene as FHY3, a key regulator of far‐red light signaling recently shown to be involved in the regulation of ARC5. CPD25 was previously named FRS4 and is homologous to FHY3. We found that CPD25 is also required for the expression of ARC5, suggesting that its function is not redundant to that of FHY3. Moreover, cpd25 does not have the far‐red light‐sensing defect present in fhy3 and far1. Both FRS4/CPD25 and FHY3/CPD45 could bind to the FBS‐like ‘ACGCGC’ motifs in the promoter region of ARC5, and the binding efficiency of FRS4/CPD25 was much higher than that of FHY3/CPD45. Unlike FHY3/CPD45, FRS4/CPD25 has no ARC5 activation activity. Our data suggest that FRS4/CPD25 and FHY3/CPD45 function as a heterodimer that cooperatively activates ARC5, that FRS4/CPD25 plays the major role in promoter binding, and that FHY3/CPD45 is largely responsible for the gene activation. This study not only provides insight into the mechanisms underlying the regulation of chloroplast division in higher plants, but also suggests a model that shows how members of a transcription factor family can evolve to have different DNA‐binding and gene activation features.
Worldwide policies on haemochromatosis and blood donation: a survey among blood services
Authors: Pauwels N. S. , De Buck E. , Compernolle V. , Vandekerckhove P. 
Published: May 2013

Background and ObjectivesHaemochromatosis (HC) is a disorder of iron metabolism, requiring frequent phlebotomy to normalize high serum iron levels. There is currently no consensus relating to the eligibility of these patients to donate blood for transfusion. To gain a better understanding of the policies worldwide, a survey amongst blood services was performed.Materials and MethodsA web‐based questionnaire was developed and distributed among 44 blood services in 41 countries to identify the different policies relating to patients with HC and blood donation.ResultsRespondents from 35 blood services (80%) of 33 countries completed the questionnaire. In 24 blood services among them (69%), individuals with genetic susceptibility for HC and/or patients with HC are accepted as blood donors. In approximately one‐third of these blood centres (33%), genetic carriers/patients are allowed to donate blood more frequently than regular donors. Prescription from/approval by the patient's treating physician and/or a donor physician is required in the majority of the blood services (87%). Similar policies were identified in a few countries; however, in general, the policies regarding blood donation from patients with HC remain widely variable.ConclusionThe results of our survey demonstrate large differences in the blood donation policies regarding carriers/patients with HC illustrating the need for uniform evidence‐based and cost‐effective policies which could benefit both HC patients and the blood supply around the world.