bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the Impact of Fracture Spacing and Fluid Properties for Interfering Simultaneously or Sequentially Generated Hydraulic Fractures
Authors: Wu Kan , Olson Jon E. 
Published: November 2013

Summary
Using a fully coupled (flow and mechanics) hydraulic-fracture propagation model, we investigate the critical in-situ and treatment factors controlling geometry in multiple-fracture horizontal wells. Fracture net pressure is calculated by considering continuity of flow rate and pressure equilibrium in the fracture and the wellbore between injection points. A 2D displacement-discontinuity method, with correction for finite fracture height, was used to calculate fracture aperture, accounting for mechanical interaction between multiple propagating fractures.
Stress-shadow effects change the local stress field in the surrounding rock, influencing fracture geometry. A sensitivity study for simultaneous propagation was performed, including fracture spacing, velocity exponent, in-situ differential stress, fluid viscosity, and pump rate. The results show that closely spaced hydraulic fractures can cause significant fracture-width restriction, increasing the likelihood of premature screenout. Exterior fractures have greater lengths than interior fractures, and the length difference is more significant for poor injection control. At a low in-situ differential stress, multiple fractures tend to extend away from one another to reduce the negative mechanical interaction; however, increasing the stress difference can make fractures propagate along a straight line. Compared with gel hydraulic-fracturing treatments, slickwater treatments generate narrower and much longer fractures with lower net pressure. In the case of simultaneously generating multiple fractures, these slickwater fractures cause less mechanical interference with each other. Increasing pump rate enlarges fracture width slightly and reduces the length. Finally, simultaneous and sequential injection methods were examined showing that these two methods create slightly distinct fracture trajectories.
The Role of Microorganisms in a Full‐Scale Sequencing Batch Reactor Under Low Aeration and Different Cycle Times
Authors: Fernandes Heloísa , Hoffmann Heike , Antonio Regina V. , Costa Rejane H. R. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT: This study describes the role of microorganisms in a full‐scale step‐feed sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system for urban wastewater treatment. Chemical profiles for three different cycle times were measured under low aeration conditions with a high carbon‐to‐nitrogen ratio. The applied organic load was above 1.0 g chemical oxygen demand (COD)/L·d. The removal efficiencies were higher than 81%, 93%, and 76% for soluble COD, N‐, and total Kjeldahl nitrogen, respectively. The ratio of volatile suspended solids (VSS) to total suspended solids was 78%, and the food‐to‐microorganism ratio was an average of 1.41 g COD/g VSS·d. The active biomass was comprised of 87.8% heterotrophic and 12.2% autotrophic organisms. Nitrifying organisms were found with a low amount of ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria (5%) and a much higher amount of nitrite‐oxidizing bacteria. Polyphosphate‐accumulating organisms (PAOs) were found at high amounts (25%) compared to glycogen‐accumulating organisms, even in a system with a high carbon to phosphorus ratio. The activity of denitrifying PAOs was 72%.
Canine Scent Detection and Microbial Source Tracking of Human Waste Contamination in Storm Drains
Authors: Van De Werfhorst Laurie C. , Murray Jill L.S. , Reynolds Scott , Reynolds Karen , Holden Patricia A. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT: Human fecal contamination of surface waters and drains is difficult to diagnose. DNA‐based and chemical analyses of water samples can be used to specifically quantify human waste contamination, but their expense precludes routine use. We evaluated canine scent tracking, using two dogs trained to respond to the scent of municipal wastewater, as a field approach for surveying human fecal contamination. Fecal indicator bacteria, as well as DNA‐based and chemical markers of human waste, were analyzed in waters sampled from canine scent‐evaluated sites (urban storm drains and creeks). In the field, the dogs responded positively (70% and 100%) at sites for which sampled waters were then confirmed as contaminated with human waste. When both dogs indicated a negative response, human waste markers were absent. Overall, canine scent tracking appears useful for prioritizing sampling sites for which DNA‐based and similarly expensive assays can confirm and quantify human waste contamination.
Online Instrument Delivery and Participant Recruitment Services: Emerging Opportunities for Behavioral Accounting Research
Authors: Brandon Duane M. , Long James H. , Loraas Tina M. , Mueller-Phillips Jennifer , Vansant Brian 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT
Behavioral accounting researchers have historically been constrained in their ability to reach externally valid research participants. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize researchers with two relatively new and innovative ways to overcome this issue. First, this paper discusses two online instrument delivery services provided by SurveyMonkey and Qualtrics that can be used to distribute experimental materials to geographically distributed participants quickly and inexpensively. Second, it reviews a number of participant recruitment services that behavioral accounting researchers can use to identify and recruit externally valid research participants. Specifically, this paper discusses commercial participant recruitment services provided by SurveyMonkey Audience, Qualtrics, Amazon's Mechanical Turk, and other commercial firms, as well as several non-commercial participant recruitment services associated with industry and professional organizations. Each service is evaluated against three criteria that are important to behavioral accounting researchers: (1) cost, (2) flexibility, and (3) access to populations of interest.
Recurrent Subthreshold Depression in Type 2 Diabetes: An Important Risk Factor for Poor Health Outcomes
Authors: Schmitz Norbert , Gariépy Geneviève , Smith Kimberley J. , Clyde Matthew , Malla Ashok , Boyer Richard , Strychar Irene , Lesage Alain , Wang JianLi 
Published: November 2013

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the association between recurrent subthreshold depressive episodes and functioning in a prospective community sample of people with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A prospective community study in Quebec, Canada, was carried out between 2008 and 2013 (n = 1,064). Five yearly follow-up assessments (telephone interviews) were conducted. Baseline and the first three follow-up assessments were used to identify recurrent subthreshold depressive episodes (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ]-9). Functioning (World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II [WHODAS-II]) and health-related quality of life (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] unhealthy days) at 4- and 5-year follow-up assessments were the outcome measures.

RESULTS
Nearly half of the participants suffered from at least one episode of subthreshold depressive symptoms. After adjusting for potentially confounding factors, the risk of poor functioning/impaired health–related quality of life was nearly three times higher (relative risk = 2.86) for participants with four subthreshold depressive episodes compared with participants with no/minimal depression. Results suggest a dose-response relationship: the risk of poor functioning/impaired health–related quality of life increased with the number of recurrent subthreshold depressive episodes even after controlling for potentially confounding variables (significant linear trend, P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Recurrent subthreshold depressive symptoms might be an important risk factor for poor health outcomes in type 2 diabetes. Early identification, monitoring, and treatment of recurrent subthreshold depressive symptoms might improve functioning and quality of life in people with type 2 diabetes.
Cardiac death by rupture of the right ventricular wall and hemopericardium
Authors: Massoni Francesco , Ricci Serafino 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Right Ventricular (RV) rupture is a rare and dangerous complication of acute myocardial infarction. There are limited reports on RV free wall rupture. In this paper we describe the outcome of an autopsy case of cardiac death by rupture of the free wall of the right ventricle in a 51-year-old man with coronary artery disease and hypertrophic-sclerotic cardiomyopathy.
Technical Guidelines for Installation of Rainwater Harvesting System and its Operation
Authors: Shakya Binod , Thanju Jeewan P. 
Published: November 2013

Rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems have been in use since ancient times, and these days its use is increasing. However, due to improper planning and design, problems are seen and the collected water is polluted. The major reason for water contamination is attributed to the toxic materials used for the rain harvesting system, faulty operation, improper rain filtration system and improper disinfection methods. The reason for diseases arising from drinking rainwater is the consumption of contaminated rainwater. Clean raindrops comprising rainwater will become contaminated as they pass through the atmosphere, flow over the roof surface, flow along the gutter, and upon collection and storage. This paper focuses on the technical guidelines for the installation of RWH components, its operation and maintenance, and rainwater quality improvement for household use. Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment Vol. 12, 2013, January Page: 45-51DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v12i0.9032 Uploaded Date : 10/29/2013
Ingot metallurgy and microstructural characterization of Ti–Ta alloys
Authors: Zhang Jian , Rynko Ramona , Frenzel Jan , Somsen Christoph , Eggeler Gunther 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
In the present work we perform a detailed investigation of ingot metallurgy processing routes of Ti-30Ta, a shape memory alloy with a good potential for applications at higher temperatures. There is currently considerable interest in high temperature shape memory alloys, both in industry (automotive and aerospace applications) and in academia. By means of scanning electron microscopy, we provide recommendations on the number of remelting cycles in the vacuum arc melting process, and on annealing temperatures/times in order to obtain chemical homogeneity. It is also shown that this is required to obtain well defined differential scanning calorimeter charts, which facilitates characterization and investigations of martensitic transformation in this alloy. Areas in need of further work are identified.
The relationship between emotional intelligence and leadership styles in the South African petrochemical industry
Authors: Pillay Maggie , Viviers Rian , Mayer Claude-Helene 
Published: November 2013

Orientation: Although research on emotional intelligence in the context of leadership has remained a recurrent area of interest in theory and practice during the past decade, ongoing debate continues regarding the contribution of emotional intelligence to the understanding of leadership.Research purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between self-reported emotional intelligence and leadership styles in a South African context and to determine whether emotional intelligence can predict an effective leadership style.Motivation for the study: Research is needed in order to determine a more detailed relationship between emotional intelligence and leadership in the dynamic and globalising South African petrochemical context.Research design, approach and method: The study was conducted in terms of a positivist paradigm, using quantitative research instruments. Leaders (N = 161) were selected from a business unit in a South African petrochemical organisation. Self-reports from the emotional quotient inventory and the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ Form 5X, Version 2009) were analysed. Correlation analyses indicated statistically-significant relationships between emotional intelligence and transformational and laissez-faire leadership.Main findings: Findings indicated positive correlations between self-reported emotional intelligence (specifically adaptability) and transformational leadership. Negative correlations were obtained between emotional intelligence (specifically intrapersonal skills) and laissez-faire leadership. The research also showed differences between specific demographic variables.Practical/managerial implications: This study provides valuable significance for organisations’ endeavours in improving, training and identifying alternative selection and assessment procedures for evaluating leaders’ strengths.Contribution/value-add: This research contributes to the South African research on emotional intelligence and leadership styles and thereby adds context-specific value to the topic within a specific cultural and organisational context.
A Closer Examination of the Interaction among Risk Factors for Low Back Pain
Authors: Huang Hui-Chuan , Chang Hsiu-Ju , Lin Kuan-Chia , Chiu Hsiao-Yean , Chung Jui-Hung , Tsai Hong-Chieh 
Published: November 2013

Purpose. To evaluate the interactions of risk factors and identify their most powerful discrimination pathway for the occurrence of low back pain (LBP). Design. A cross-sectional study. Setting. Taiwan. Subjects. Taiwanese population of 30 to 64 years old. Measures. A self-reported question, “Have you experienced LBP within the last 3 months?” was used to evaluate LBP. The study variables included demographics (age, gender, occupation, education level, marital status, and household income), biometric health measures (bone mineral density and body mass index), dietary habits (weekly milk, coffee, tea, and soybean consumption), and other lifestyle factors (smoking habits, alcohol consumption, betel nut chewing, body weight control, exercise regularity, and stress management). Analysis. Logistic regression and classification tree analyses. Results. A total of 969 Taiwanese participants were analyzed. Primary logistic regression analysis identified three critical risk factors (gender, bone mineral density, and exercise regularity) for the occurrence of LBP. By classification tree analysis, demographic factors, dietary habits, and lifestyle factors had modifying effects on LBP. Conclusions. Various factors contribute to the risk of LBP. Interactions between risk factors should be considered when developing future strategies for the prevention and management of LBP.
Physical Activity Intensity and Weight Control Status among U.S. Adults with Diabetes
Authors: Loprinzi Paul D. , Pariser Gina 
Published: November 2013

Purpose. We have a limited understanding of the objectively determined physical activity levels by weight control status (i.e., trying to lose weight, trying to maintain weight, and neither trying to lose or maintain weight) among U.S. adults with diabetes. Therefore, this study assessed the association between physical activity and weight control status among U.S. adults with diabetes. Design. Cross-sectional survey. Setting. The 2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was used, which is representative of the U.S. population. Subjects. Subjects were 733 adults (≥ 20 years) with diabetes. Measures. Participants wore an accelerometer to assess physical activity, and questionnaires were used to assess weight control status and covariates. Analysis. Multivariate negative binomial regressions were used. Results. After adjustments, and compared to those not trying to lose or maintain their weight, women trying to lose weight engaged in 74% more physical activity (rate ratio = 1.74; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14 to 2.65). Although findings were not significant for men, men were more likely than women to meet physical activity recommendations. Conclusion. Diabetic women trying to lose weight engaged in more physical activity than did their female counterparts not trying to lose or maintain their weight. Although men were more active than women, no differences in activity estimates occurred across weight control status for men.
Farmers’ behaviors regarding the decrease in the area of cotton
Authors: Uzmay A. , Isin F. , Koyubenbe N. 
Published: November 2013

The main objective of this study is to determine the economical and social reasons of farmers’ behaviors concerning the decrease in the area of cotton plantations in Izmir, Turkey. To do so, 84 cotton growers were interviewed in the province of Izmir. According to the results of the study, the cost variable in the cotton farms investigated was calculated as: €1,446.6 ha-1; gross margin, €524.4 ha-1, and the yield, 4,018 kg ha-1. In the studied area, 44% decrease in the area of cotton plantations was observed in 2006 compared to the year 2000. According to the farmers, some of the most important reasons for the decrease in the area of cotton plantations are the decrease (55%) in the producer prices and the increase in the costs (36%) of growing cotton. The possibility of giving up/not giving up cotton production is affected negatively by the social variable of the education level of the farmer, but the cotton growing experience of the farmer, and the farmer’s family size, affect the possibility positively. As for the structural /economical variables, farm size negatively affects the possibility but satisfaction from premiums and gross margin have positive effects. Farmers also demand a 90% increase in the premiums and state that they will give up growing cotton unless there are enough subsidies. In this situation, it turns out that to prevent decreases in the area of cotton plantations, it is necessary to lower production costs and provide price stability, along with long term policies consistent with other crops, through which subsidies are determined prior to the season.
Changes in soil microbial biomass and activity in different Brazilian pastures
Authors: Lopes M. M. , Salviano A. A. C. , Araujo A. S. F. , Nunes L. A. P. L. , Oliveira M. E. 
Published: November 2013

Microbial biomass and activity are useful indices for assessing changes in soil ecosystems. The impact of different pastures on microbial biomass and activity was studied in a long-term experiment in Northeast Brazil. For our study the pastures were divided into plots: a) Brachiaria brizantha; b) Leucaena leucocephala; c) Cynodon dactilon; d) Panicum maximum. An adjacent area with native vegetation was used as reference. Soil samples were collected in 0-10 and 10-20 cm depths. No significant differences in soil organic C (Corg) was found among all plots at 0-10 and 10-20 cm depth. Soil microbial C (Cmic) values were higher in native forest and P. maximum when compared to the other plots. The soil basal respiration (CO2) values were similar among all plots evaluated. However, respiratory quotients (qCO2) were significantly lower in native forest and P. maximum when compared to other plots, at 0-10 cm depth. Values of fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis were significantly higher in native forest and P. maximum, while values of dehydrogenase activity were found to be signif icantly higher in native forest, C. dactilon and P. maximum. Soil microbial biomass and activity changed when a native forest was converted to pastures. These changes were positive with the inclusion of P. maximum by the high input of C sources.
Lendo intertextos: o Paraná e suas múltiplas identidades
Authors: Cesário Ana Cleide Chiarotti , Almeida Ana Maria Chiarotti de 
Published: November 2013

Resenha: OLIVEIRA, Márcio de; SZWAKO, José Eduardo Léon (orgs). Ensaios de sociologia e história intelectual do Paraná. Curitiba: Ed. UFPR, 2009.
Multiphoton Microscopy: A Potential “Optical Biopsy” Tool for Real-Time Evaluation of Lung Tumors Without the Need for Exogenous Contrast Agents
Authors: Jain Manu , Narula Navneet , Aggarwal Amit , Stiles Brendon , Shevchuk Maria M. , Sterling Joshua , Salamoon Bekheit , Chandel Vishal , Webb Watt W. , Altorki Nasser K. , Mukherjee Sushmita 
Published: November 2013

Context.—Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) is an emerging, nonlinear, optical-biopsy technique, which can generate subcellular-resolution images from unprocessed and unstained tissue in real time.
Objective.—To assess the potential of MPM for lung tumor diagnosis.
Design.—Fresh sections from tumor and adjacent nonneoplastic lung were imaged with MPM and then compared with corresponding hematoxylin-eosin slides.
Results.—Alveoli, bronchi, blood vessels, pleura, smokers' macrophages, and lymphocytes were readily identified with MPM in nonneoplastic tissue. Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (a preinvasive lesion) was identified in tissue adjacent to the tumor in one case. Of the 25 tumor specimens used for blinded pathologic diagnosis, 23 were diagnosable with MPM. Of these 23 cases, all but one adenocarcinoma (15 of 16; 94%) was correctly diagnosed on MPM, along with their histologic patterns. For squamous cell carcinoma, 4 of 7 specimens (57%) were correctly diagnosed. For the remaining 3 squamous cell carcinoma specimens, the solid pattern was correctly diagnosed in 2 additional cases (29%), but it was not possible to distinguish the squamous cell carcinoma from adenocarcinoma. The other squamous cell carcinoma specimen (1 of 7; 14%) was misdiagnosed as adenocarcinoma because of pseudogland formation. Invasive adenocarcinomas with acinar and solid pattern showed statistically significant increases in collagen. Interobserver agreement for collagen quantification (among 3 observers) was 80%.
Conclusions.—Our pilot study provides a proof of principle that MPM can differentiate neoplastic from nonneoplastic lung tissue and identify tumor subtypes. If confirmed in a future, larger study, we foresee real-time intraoperative applications of MPM, using miniaturized instruments for directing lung biopsies, assessing their adequacy for subsequent histopathologic analysis or banking, and evaluating surgical margins in limited lung resections.
Status of harbour seals (<i>Phoca vitulina</i>) in Atlantic Canada
Authors: Hammill Mike O , Bowen W Don , Sjare Becky 
Published: November 2013

Harbour seals are associated with small islets, reefs and rocks exposed at low tide and estuarine habitats throughout eastern Canada. Evidence of harvesting by indigenous people has been found in pre-European contact archaeological excavations. A bounty harvest as well as subsistence and commercial hunting probably lead to a decline in the population from 1949 to the early 1970s. The bounty was removed in 1976, and harbour seals, in the southern parts of their range have been protected since then. There is little information available on total abundance and current population trend. Mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA research has shown separation between Northeast and Northwest Atlantic harbour seals. Within Canada, the subspecies Phoca vitulina concolor shows some population sub-structure with three distinct units that could be separated into Hudson Bay, Gulf of St. Lawrence and Sable Island. Urban development resulting in habitat degradation is probably the most important factor affecting harbour seal populations in AtlanticCanada, although other factors such as incidental catches in commercial fisheries and competition with grey seals may also be important.