bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound‐assisted matrix solid‐phase extraction based on deep eutectic solvents and zinc oxide: Extraction and determination of six active ingredients in Ligustri Lucidi Fructus
Authors: Qian Chengjialu , Wang Shizhao , Chen Hongyan , Li Jiankuan 
Published: August 2024

In this study, we propose a novel strategy utilizing deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as both the extraction solvent and dispersing liquid, with nanometer zinc oxide (ZnO) serving as the adsorbent. This method incorporates ultrasound‐assisted matrix solid phase dispersion (UA‐MSPD) for the extraction of six active components (salidroside, echinacoside, acteoside, specnuezhenide, nuezhenoside G13, and oleanolic acid) from Ligustri Lucidi Fructus samples. The extracts were then analyzed using high‐performance liquid chromatography equipped with a diode array detector. The effects of various parameters such as dispersant dosage, DESs volume, grinding time, ultrasonication duration, and eluent volume on extraction recovery were investigated and optimized using a central composite design under response surface methodology. The optimized conditions yielded detection limits ranging from 0.003 to 0.01 mg/g and relative standard deviations of 8.7% or lower. Extraction recoveries varied between 93% and 98%. The method demonstrated excellent linearity for the analytes (R2 ≥ 0.9997). The simple, green, and efficient DESs/ZnO‐UA‐MSPD technique proved to be rapid, accurate, and reliable for extracting and analyzing the six active ingredients in Ligustri Lucidi Fructus samples.
Laryngeal Vibrotactile Stimulation Is Feasible, Acceptable To People With Unexplained Chronic Cough
Authors: Misono Stephanie , Shen Erin Y. , Sombrio Anna G. , Lunos Scott , Xu Jiapeng , Hoffmeister Jesse , Stockness Ali , Butcher Lisa , Weinstein Daniel , Gaeckle Nathaniel T. , Gray Raluca , Konczak Jürgen 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesUnexplained chronic cough (UCC) is common and has significant impacts on quality of life. Ongoing cough can sensitize the larynx, increasing the urge to cough and perpetuating the cycle of chronic cough. Vibrotactile stimulation (VTS) of the larynx is a noninvasive stimulation technique that can modulate laryngeal somatosensory and motor activity. Study objectives were to assess feasibility and acceptability of VTS use by people with UCC. Secondarily, changes in cough‐related quality of life measures were assessed.MethodsAdults with UCC recorded cough measures at baseline and after completing 2 weeks of daily VTS. Feasibility and acceptability were assessed through participant‐reported device use and structured feedback. Cough‐related quality of life measures were the Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ) and the Newcastle Laryngeal Hypersensitivity Questionnaire (NLHQ).ResultsNineteen adults participated, with mean age 67 years and cough duration 130 months. Notably, 93% of planned VTS sessions were logged, 94% of participants found the device comfortable to wear, 89% found it easy to operate and 79% would recommend it to others. Pre‐post LCQ change achieved a minimal important difference (MID) (mean 1.3 [SD 2.4, p = 0.015]). NLHQ scores improved, but did not reach an MID.ConclusionsLaryngeal VTS use was feasible and acceptable for use by patients with UCC and was associated with a meaningful improvement in cough‐related quality of life. Future studies will include VTS dose refinement and the inclusion of a comparison arm to further assess the potential for laryngeal VTS as a novel treatment modality for UCC.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 134:5010–5014, 2024
Integrating visual and molecular approaches for fish eggs analysis: A study on formaldehyde fixation and storage procedures
Authors: Mozfar Bahar , Thorsen Anders , Mateos‐Rivera Alejandro , Dahle Geir , Skern‐Mauritzen Rasmus , Wehde Henning , Krafft Bjørn A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAccurate taxonomic classification and developmental stage determination of fish eggs are crucial for ecological monitoring, conservation efforts, and stock assessments. Traditional methods for fish and fisheries rely on visual examination of morphological traits, but they face challenges due to species overlap especially for early stages. Molecular tools, such as DNA barcoding, offer higher resolution in taxonomic identification but may not provide developmental stage information. This study explores the effectiveness of different formaldehyde fixation concentrations and storage procedures on fish eggs collected from Lofoten, Norway, for both visual and molecular analysis. Visual analysis successfully identified developmental stage for all fixation solutions. Molecular barcoding using the 16S rRNA gene identified up to 100% of eggs at the species level, with decreasing success rates over time when stored in formaldehyde fixation. The highest DNA barcoding success rates were accomplished using 4% formaldehyde fixation for 12‐ or 24‐h following transfer to ethanol. Using 0.5% and 1% formaldehyde fixation up to 8 weeks also resulted in high DNA success rates, but results deteriorated with increasing storage time. This study provides valuable insights for integrating visual and molecular methods for fish egg analysis, with practical implications for sample preservation during marine surveys.
Industrial agglomeration, environmental regulation, and regional environmental performance: Direct and interactive effects
Authors: Qin Chang , Lu Di , Li Yangfan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe contradiction between the economy and the environment becomes acute as the increasing ecological constraints. It is thus necessary to improve environmental performance and realize the economic‐ecological double dividend. To achieve that, co‐operative efforts are needed on both production and governance sides, particularly industrial agglomeration and environmental regulation. Based on provincial sections in China spanning 2006 to 2020, we explore the effects of industrial agglomeration and environmental regulation on environmental performance, exploiting a two‐way fixed effects model. We also illustrate the potential channels and interactive effects between industrial agglomeration and environmental regulation. The results indicate an inverted U‐shaped nexus between industrial agglomeration and environmental performance, while environmental regulation favors environmental performance. Green innovation, factor allocation, deepening of division of labor, and industrial structure upgrading are plausible channels. Besides, we discover the interaction between industrial agglomeration and environmental regulation, where environmental regulation reduces the inflection point of industrial agglomeration, and industrial agglomeration improves the effectiveness of environmental regulation. Our work sheds light on the synergy between production and governance sides, which offers insights into green transition for China and other newly industrialized economies.
Does financial flexibility drive firm's risk‐taking in emerging markets? The moderating role of investment efficiency
Authors: Bagh Tanveer , Khan Muhammad Asif , Naseer Mirza Muhammad , Iftikhar Kainat 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUsing a sample of 2301 listed firms from emerging markets for 2014–2023, we examine the effect of financial flexibility (FF) on firm risk‐taking (FRT) and how this relationship is moderated by investment efficiency (INVEFF). GMM and bias‐corrected method of moments models indicate a positive impact of FF on FRT. Notably, INVEFF emerges as a significant moderator, influencing the FF–FRT relationship. High INVEFF strategically amplifies the effect of FF on FRT. Robustness analysis ensures the stability of study findings. This study contributes valuable insights to the nuanced understanding of the FF–FRT relationship in emerging markets.
‘On the mountain, the world is still all right’: Nature connections in context and the Covid journey of young adults in Austria
Authors: Bork‐Hüffer Tabea , Wächter Leonie , Hitchings Russell 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Research and policy during the Covid‐19 pandemic often dovetailed with an established interest in how nearby urban nature spaces can encourage human well‐being. Yet, to define the focus upfront in this way is to overlook the many ways in which different groups may draw on experiences in diverse natural environments to get through challenging times.

This paper draws on a qualitative study with 98 university students in Innsbruck, Austria. As part of a co‐production approach, and using a range of exploratory and inductive methods, we examined how they coped with lockdown restrictions and other challenges to everyday life during the pandemic between March and November 2020.

The study's longitudinal design reveals how their nature relations evolved over the lifetime of the pandemic. Participants showed a strong identification with the Alpine nature surrounding Innsbruck and deeply mourned opportunities to go there during quarantine at the start. With the relaxation of restrictions, they briefly celebrated the return of access to these spaces before nature experiences were soon blended back into their everyday lives as before.

The findings present an account of nature spaces being valued during the pandemic precisely because they were away from urban spaces nearby that had come to feel strange as a result of the lockdown restrictions. This leads us to reflect on the importance of how exactly people engage with local nature and how nature connections change in response to the evolving pressures and preoccupations that shape everyday life, both for young people and others. We emphasise the value of contextual sensitivity in future research and policy hoping to foster nature benefits, both during crisis situations such as these and more generally.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Fiber tension prediction and control methods in automated fiber placement
Authors: Cheng Liang , Zheng Chenggan , Li Yan , Chen Chao , Zhang Shuai , Wu Jianbo , Dong Huiyue , Ke Yinglin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn automated fiber placement (AFP), the fiber tension is an important process parameter. Sharp fluctuations in fiber tension are unacceptable in AFP process. The focuses of this article are on fiber tension modeling and control methods for AFP. Firstly, the mechanical model of fiber transport based on frictional loss is established, and the control objective, which should really be focused on in the tension system, is pointed out. Then, identification experiments are carried out to obtain the unknown parameters in the mechanical model. In addition, a dynamic model of fiber tension based on a passive dancer roller is established and linearized by curve fitting. Finally, a variable‐parameter Proportion‐Integration‐Differentiation (PID) controller is established to achieve stable control of the fiber tension. The experimental results show that the proposed control method can accurately stabilize the actual tension at the target value and has a lower control error in the face of strong velocity fluctuations than the traditional tension control system.Highlights
The fiber tension at the end of the tow transfer path cannot be measured directly by the sensor in automated fiber placement.
The tension model predicts the fiber tension at various points in the tow path.
The control method using the tension prediction model is much more accurate than the traditional method.
4D printing of heat‐stimulated shape memory polymer composite for high‐temperature smart structures/actuators applications
Authors: Kumar Sumodh , Ojha Nidhi , Ramesh M. R. , Doddamani Mrityunjay 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHigh temperature shape memory polymers (HT‐SMPs) have great utilization in self‐deployable hinges/morphing structures for space/aerospace, and high‐temperature sensors/actuators for electronics. However, HT‐SMPs have many drawbacks, such as low stiffness, strength, thermal stability, and dynamic mechanical properties. This work aims at improving these properties of highly utilized space grade HT‐SMP, PEKK (polyether ketone ketone), by reinforcing it with low‐cost carbon fibers (CFs), and developing its composite via additive manufacturing. The additively manufactured CF/PEKK composites are annealed at 200 °C (CF/PEKK‐A200) and 250 °C (CF/PEKK‐A250), and for the first time, investigated for shape memory effect (SME). The shape fixity and the shape recovery of the CF/PEKK‐UNA (un‐annealed), CF/PEKK‐A200, and CF/PEKK‐A250 are noted to be 95.97%, 88.95%, and 86.40%, and 88.70%, 92.70%, and 95.19%, respectively with a significant weight saving potential of ⁓21%. Dispersion of CFs in PEKK and suitability of processing parameters (blending, extrusion, and 3D printing) are confirmed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thermal degradation temperature () of the printed CF/PEKK composite (⁓568 °C) is found to be ⁓3.5% higher than PEKK (⁓549 °C). CF/PEKK‐A250 exhibited the highest storage modulus (4438.23 MPa), ~158% higher than PEKK (1722.3 MPa), while CF/PEKK‐A200 demonstrated the highest tensile modulus (10.9 GPa), which is 138.5% higher than PEKK (4.57 GPa) and 312.88% higher than CF/PEKK‐UNA (2.64 GPa). Moreover, CF/PEKK‐A200 exhibited 237.46%, 138.51%, 127.08%, 61.48%, 32.93%, and 50.35% higher tensile modulus than PEEK, PEKK, PEK, CF/PEK, CF/PEEK, and CF/PEKK composites, respectively, showing great potential to replace them.Highlights
Printed CF/PEKK composites are investigated for shape memory behavior.
The printed composites exhibited outstanding shape memory properties.
Printed‐A200 exhibited 138.51% enhanced tensile modulus than pure PEKK.
Also, the printed‐A200 showed 313% enhanced modulus than printed‐UNA.
(568 °C) of the printed composites is found ⁓4% greater than pure PEKK.
Uncrewed Aerial Vehicle–Based Assessments of Peatland Permafrost Vulnerability Along the Labrador Sea Coastline, Northern Canada
Authors: Beer Jordan , Wang Yifeng , Way Robert , Forget Anika , Colyn Victoria 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTPalsas and peat plateaus in subarctic peatlands are some of the southernmost lowland permafrost landforms in the Northern Hemisphere. Peatland permafrost along the Labrador Sea coastline in northeastern Canada is substantially understudied despite the importance of these landforms for wildlife, carbon stores, and Indigenous land users. In this study, we derived geomorphological and resiliency indices for peatland permafrost landforms at 20 wetland complexes, spanning a latitudinal gradient from Blanc‐Sablon, QC (51.4° N), to Nain, NL (56.5° N). Orthomosaics and three‐dimensional point clouds were created for each site using UAV‐based surveys and structure‐from‐motion photogrammetry. Analyses revealed that landforms in the region are characterized by short heights (maximum height: 3.65 m, average height: 0.49 m) with lichen and dwarf shrub cover, making them more similar to features in northern Europe than western Canada. Palsas and peat plateaus ranged in size from 49 to 14,233 m2, with a median feature size of 259 m2. Peatland permafrost in the region exhibits high levels of fragmentation, with most study sites (90%) exhibiting low or very low thaw resiliency. The results from this study indicate a high vulnerability to thaw and degradational processes, with potential negative consequences for species of cultural value to Labrador Inuit, Kallunângajuit, and Innu.
Novel pesticides design: co‐encapsulation of citral and cyproconazole for the control of Botrytis cinerea using biocompatible nano‐carriers
Authors: Bence Renata , Barolo Silvia M. , Wunderlin Daniel A. , Martín Sandra E. , Cano Natividad C. Herrera 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDGrowing concerns about sustainability have driven the search for eco‐friendly pest management solutions. Combining natural and synthetic compounds within controlled release systems is a promising strategy. This study investigated the co‐encapsulation of the natural compound citral (Cit) and the synthetic antifungal cyproconazole (CPZ) using two water‐based nanocarriers: solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs).RESULTSBoth CSNPs and SLNs loaded with Cit + CPZ displayed superior antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea compared to free compounds. Notably, CSNPs with a 2:1 Cit:CPZ ratio exhibited the highest efficacy, achieving a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC100) of < 1.56 μg mL−1, lower than the 12.5 μg mL−1 of non‐encapsulated compounds. This formulation significantly reduced the required synthetic CPZ while maintaining efficacy, highlighting its potential for environmentally friendly pest control.CONCLUSIONThe successful co‐encapsulation of Cit + CPZ within CSNPs, particularly at a 2:1 ratio, demonstrates a promising approach for developing effective and sustainable antifungal formulations against B. cinerea. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Quantum‐Neural Network Model for Platform Independent Ddos Attack Classification in Cyber Security
Authors: Küçükkara Muhammed Yusuf , Atban Furkan , Bayılmış Cüneyt 
Published: August 2024

AbstractQuantum Machine Learning (QML) leverages the transformative power of quantum computing to explore a broad range of applications, including optimization, data analysis, and complex problem‐solving. Central to this study is the using of an innovative intrusion detection system leveraging QML models, with a preference for Quantum Neural Network (QNN) architectures for classification tasks. The inherent advantages of QNNs, notably their parallel processing capabilities facilitated by quantum computers and the exploitation of quantum superposition and parallelism, are elucidated. These attributes empower QNNs to execute certain classification tasks expediently and with heightened efficiency. Empirical validation is conducted through the deployment and testing of a QNN‐based intrusion detection system, employing a subset of the CIC‐DDoS 2019 dataset. Notably, despite employing a reduced feature set, the QNN‐based system exhibits remarkable classification accuracy, achieving a commendable rate of 92.63%. Moreover, the study advocates for the utilization of quantum computing libraries such as Qiskit, facilitating QNN training on local machines or quantum simulators. The findings underscore the efficacy of a QNN‐based intrusion detection system in attaining superior classification accuracy when confronted with large‐scale training datasets. However, it is imperative to acknowledge the constraints imposed by the limited number of qubits available on local machines and simulators.
A novel adaptive event‐triggered security consensus control mechanism for leader‐following multi‐agent systems under hybrid random cyber attacks
Authors: Xiong Lianglin , Chen Kangyue , Cao Jinde , Zhang Yi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAiming at the security consensus control problem of leader‐following multi‐agent systems (MASs) under hybrid random cyber attack, this article proposes a novel sampled information related adaptive event‐triggered control mechanism (SIRAETCM). While ensuring the safety performance of the MASs, the mechanism adaptively and dynamically adjusts the trigger threshold of every agent to achieve discontinuous communication by using only the current and latest sampled signals. According to the MASs communication mode and Bernoulli attack model, a security consensus control protocol is constructed, and a bilateral sampled‐interval Lyapunov functional (BSILF) method is introduced to obtain more sampling interval information and establish sufficient conditions for the leader‐following state error system to stabilize asymptotically under hybrid random cyber attacks. Meanwhile, under a large sampling interval, the controller gain and adaptive event‐triggered parameters are designed and obtained. The simulation of the tunnel diode circuit system shows that the SIRAETCM can reduce the number of communications between agents to improve bandwidth utilization, and the adopted safety cooperative control protocol can improve the safety and effectiveness of the MASs.
Encequidar Mesylate Novel Degradation Products: Isolation, Characterization, and Structural Evaluation Using Mass‐Triggered Preparative HPLC, HRMS, and NMR Techniques
Authors: Surukonti Srikanth Reddy , Manabolu Surya Surendra Babu 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTEncequidar mesylate salt is a novel, little‐absorbed P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) that facilitates oral absorption. It is a substance that stops the P‐gp adenosine triphosphate‐binding cassette transporter from working. To ascertain the drug substance's inherent stability, it underwent stress testing under a variety of degradation conditions, including acidic hydrolysis, alkaline hydrolysis, oxidative, thermal, and photolytic, in accordance with regulatory requirements. It was discovered that the drug substance is highly unstable in alkaline conditions, and the degradation leads to the formation of two unique, unknown degradation products. Utilizing UHPLC–ESI/MS for identification and mass‐triggered preparative HPLC for isolation, the degradants’ structures were definitively determined by using high‐resolution mass spectrometry and 2D NMR methodologies. These unique degradation products were determined to be novel impurities of the encequidar drug substance and were firmly proven to be its hydrolysis components on the basis of spectral and chromatographic data. Possible potential mechanisms have been proposed to explain the formation of the degradants.
Experimental study on a novel reduced beam section self consolidating concrete‐filled double steel tube
Authors: Naghipour Morteza , Akbarzadeh Mohammad , Hasani Seyed Mohammad Reza 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study proposes a novel reduced beam section concrete‐filled double steel tube (RBS CFDST) beam‐to‐column joint and investigates the effect of RBS length and the beam moment of inertia on the plastic hinge formation in such joints. Therefore, a set of nine RBS CFDST connections were fabricated and cast with self‐consolidating concrete in the laboratory. Then, parameters including failure pattern, buckling mode, plastic hinge location, joint maximum load‐bearing capacity, and column rotation were inspected. The findings reveal that when the RBS length is equal to that of the beam dimension, the entire plastic hinge length is formed within the RBS zone. As such, the plastic hinge occurs away from the column face and brittle failure is avoided, while the joint column rotation is significantly reduced. It was also concluded that the maximum load‐bearing capacity is the highest when the RBS length is at its lowest.