bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential Improvements in Crop Production in Egypt and Implications for Future Water and Land Demand
Authors: Ayyad Saher , Karimi Poolad , Ribbe Lars , Becker Mathias 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSimilar to numerous water- and data-scarce regions, Egypt confronts a critical challenge in sustaining food production for its rapidly growing population. Consequently, the country’s water and land resources are under considerable stress and require careful management. About half of Egypt’s both annually harvested areas and renewable freshwater are allocated for cultivating rice, maize, wheat, and berseem clover. However, the extent to which crop production might be improved and how this would impact future water and land requirements remains poorly understood. We analyzed potential improvements in the production of these crops and quantified their future water and land requirements under different scenarios. Potential improvements were detected through percentile analysis in three remote sensing-derived performance indicators for each crop in the Nile Delta’s Zankalon region: (i) crop yield, (ii) crop water productivity, and (iii) transpiration fraction (transpiration to actual evapotranspiration, T/AET). We applied detected improvementsto construct plausible scenarios for Egypt’s water and land requirements to sustain domestic crop production until 2050. Our findings indicate limited potential to improve T/AET (< 4%). However, improvements of up to 27% for crop yields and up to 14% for water productivity are possible. To meet the production targets by 2050, national production must increase by 128, 78, 69, and 71% above the 2016–2020’s average for rice, maize, wheat, and berseem, respectively. Depending on the improvement levels in the developed scenarios, a total harvested land area between 5.3 and 6.4 million ha will be required by 2050, with 18% allocated to rice, 28% to maize, 36% to wheat, and 18% to berseem. Associated freshwater requirements will amount to 59–68 billion cubic meters, divided into 23% for rice, 34% for maize, 28% for wheat, and 15% for berseem. Interventions increasing yields and water productivity will benefit more the summer (rice and maize) than the winter crops (wheat and berseem). We discuss likely interventions for meeting these requirements and for sustaining the supply of these crops in Egypt.
Through the Looking Screen: Exploring Familiar Places Through Google Maps Street View
Authors: Ghita Cristina 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe widespread of digitalization and its consequent adoption of digital navigation tools has led to an increased digitally mediated wayfinding of unknown and known places. In this study, the focus was placed on the latter, namely the exploration of familiar places through Google Maps. This study aimed to understand how familiar places are digitally revisited through the use of the popular Google Maps Street View. By employing digital go-along interviews, participants were invited to choose a known place which they have not physically visited in a significant amount of time and guide a digital walk. By adopting an agential realist theoretical perspective, Google Maps Street View is articulated as a more-than-digital tool. The main emerging themes consisted of the experienced disruptive elements leading to workarounds, the existent spatiotemporal shifts, and the visibility of present and absent matter emerging from the intra-actions of human and non-human actors. The work illustrates how digital places are understood and engaged with, and how meaning is ascribed to such digital worlds which come into being through an entanglement of memories, physicality, and digital elements. The paper contributes to an understanding of digital place, being of relevance to future directions in the development of similar navigational technologies, and to policy and legislation being formulated in this area.
Facilitated Collaborative Group Co-Design of Hypothetical Digital Tools to Understand University Students’ Well-being Support Needs and Requirements
Authors: Bannigan Gráinne , McGrath Denise , Matthews James , Duignan Ciara 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe number of students in higher education encountering issues with their well-being is increasing every year, with many struggling to seek appropriate support due to reasons such as stigma or lack of access to services. Consequently, digital well-being support tools may be best placed to address their needs; however, few of these tools involve students in the design process, and thus, there is a lack of clarity as to whether these tools meet the needs of students. Therefore, the aim of the present research was to provide a series of design considerations that should be incorporated in the design and development of digital tools to support student well-being. Co-design methods were used to develop these design considerations by understanding the well-being domains in which students want support, their views on existing digital supports, and their desired features in a digital support tool. Undergraduate students enrolled in a well-being module at an Irish University completed a facilitated group assignment in which they were required to co-design a hypothetical digital tool to support other students’ well-being. Deductive thematic analysis of the 10-min presentations of their tools was carried out. The overall findings were that:

Students recognize all well-being domains as interconnected and view social connectedness and time management as crucial for them to find good balance in their lives and to thrive;

Current digital well-being tools do not appropriately meet their needs, being too expensive, unmotivating, not suited to the student lifestyle and perceived as untrustworthy;

Students desire a digital well-being tool that can give them structured and streamlined support and that clearly relates to their specific university environment;

Specific desired features include the ability to log and visualize data, personalization capabilities, a motivational rewards system, and trustworthy educational information, tips and advice.
Implementation of Multi-agency Safeguarding Arrangements Regarding Exploitation of Young People: Aligning Policy and Practice Using Normalisation Processing Theory
Authors: Ball Emma , McManus Michelle , McCoy Ellie , Quigg Zara 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMulti-agency working has long been advocated for within safeguarding (how we promote an individual’s welfare and keep them safe from harm) and is particularly advantageous when responding to risks of child criminal exploitation. In the United Kingdom (UK), despite a commitment from government policy and a consensus on the ground, there remain substantial challenges in implementing this policy into practice. This paper attempts to explore the relationship between policy and practice, with a focus on how certain factors facilitate effective multi-agency working. The study utilised data from 23 qualitative interviews from professionals and practitioners working with young people across local safeguarding partnerships, from different sectors, within one local authority area based in the UK. It sought to apply a theoretical analysis of how specific mechanisms enable the embedding of new practice. Findings suggest that a number of factors can support effective multi-agency working, including congruence in strategy to operational activity, proactive, passionate, and productive leaders, and effective partnerships, underpinned by a culture of inclusion and challenge. Normalisation Processing Theory highlighted these factors related to the process of cognitive participation, an essential component in initiating and enacting partnership working and embedding a multi-agency approach. These findings can be considered when seeking to implement existing and future multi-agency policy to safeguard young people, to ensure that the realities of the nuances involved in implementation are considered. Whilst there is a wealth of research surrounding multi-agency working, there is less specifically on embedding multi-agency working into practice and the theory underpinning this.
Amorphous multimetal based catalyst for oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Zhang Zishuai , Vieira Daniela , Barralet Jake E. , Merle Geraldine 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe development of efficient, low-cost water splitting electrocatalysts is needed to store energy by generating sustainable hydrogen from low power clean but intermittent energy sources such as solar and wind. Here, we report a highly sustained low overpotential for oxygen evolution reached by the unique combination of three metals (NiCoV) prepared from a simple low temperature auto-combustion process. The amorphous multimetal oxygen evolving catalyst could be stably coated on a stainless-steel support using a tribochemical particle blasting method to create an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrode with a low overpotential of 230 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a low Tafel slope of 40 mV dec−1. In addition to their low overpotential, this oxygen evolving electrocatalyst preserved performance demonstrating a stability after 10 h at the technologically relevant current density and without any surface morphology alteration. Given the importance of sustainable hydrogen production, the development of this new OER catalyst points the way to removing a key technical bottleneck for the water splitting reaction and could offer a route to cost reduction and lowering hurdles to more widespread adaptation of electrolyser technologies for hydrogen production.
Organotin complexes with Schiff’s base ligands: insights into their cytotoxic effects on lung cancer cells
Authors: Ibadi Falih , Yousif Emad , Al-Ani Ahmed , Al-Mashhadani Mohammed. , Al-Saffar Ali Z. , Basem Ali , Bufaroosha Muna , Hashim Hassan , Husain Amani , Jawad Ali H. , Hairunisa Nany 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOrganotin(IV) complexes can be used in chemotherapy due to its lipophilicity which can be affected by the availability of Sn coordination bond and bond stabilization between ligand and Sn(IV). In this study, three types of tri-organotin(IV) complexes which are, Ph3SnL, Me3SnL, and Bu3SnL derived from Schiff base ligand were synthesized by the reaction of methyl dopa with p-dimethyaminobenzaldehyde. All prepared complexes were charechterised using nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR, 13C NMR, and 119Sn NMR. The 1H NMR). The results confirm the coordination of the organotin(IV) moieties to the ligand. The cytotoxicity of tri-organotin(IV) complexes was evaluated against the A549 human lung cancer cell using MTT assay. Ph3SnL showed a high cytotoxic effect among othger complexes, Bu3SnL also showed a significant cytotoxic effect, while Me3SnL demonstrated a relatively lower effects. These findings highlight the potential of the tri-organotin(IV) complexes, particularly Ph3SnL and Bu3SnL, as promising candidates for further modification as anticancer agents. The results obtained from this study can be used to understand the structure–activity of organotin(IV) complexes and their applications as anti-cancer activity.
Heparin Therapy and Mortality in Patients with Sepsis: An Observational Study Using a Marginal Structural Cox Model Based on MIMIC-IV Database
Authors: Jiang Meng , Wu Xiao-peng , Li Chang-li , Lin Xing-chen , Yang Xiao-feng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Although heparin has been widely used in clinical practice, its effect on mortality in sepsis is still controversial. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of heparin in septic patients.

Methods
Adult septic patients were identified from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV 2.0 database, which contains patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre from 2008 to 2019. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to adjust for the baseline differences in the probability to receive heparin or not. The marginal structural cox model (MSCM) was used to account for both baseline and time-dependent covariates. Group-based trajectory modelling (GBTM) was performed to identify activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) trajectory groups, and patient outcomes were compared between the heparin- and non-heparin groups in each phenotype.

Results
A total of 9940 septic patients were enrolled in the study, including 1690 (17%) in the heparin group. By PSM, significant benefit in terms of mortality was observed among the heparin group (HR = 0.82; 95% CI 0.71–0.94; p = 0.004). Similar findings were replicated with the MSCM analysis (HR = 0.66; 95% CI 0.44–0.98; p = 0.038). In the GBTM analysis, three APTT trajectory groups were identified: “normal” (n = 8236; 82.8%); “medium high” (n = 1358; 13.7%); and “high” (n = 346; 13.5%). Heparin therapy was associated with a reduced mortality (HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.41–0.84; p = 0.003) in patients with the medium high APTT level [51.7 s (interquartile range, 40.1–64.3)].

Conclusions
Heparin therapy was associated with improved outcome in septic patients, and it showed significant survival benefit in patients achieved the medium high APTT phenotype.
Provision of sexual and reproductive health care services for refugees in Greece in the framework of the Minimum Initial Service Package: a scoping review
Authors: vom Dahl Felicitas Joyce , Weng Ánimo , Vergara Guerra Maya , Ängeby Karin , Envall Niklas 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Since 2015, Greece has hosted most refugees arriving in Europe. In the refugee camps, humanitarian organizations have reported unsafe and bad health conditions. The Minimum Initial Service Package (MISP) was designed to assure a standard minimum of sexual and reproductive health services in humanitarian settings. We aimed to explore the provision of and identify gaps in sexual and reproductive health services for refugees in Greece within the framework of MISP.

Methods
A scoping review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. In February 2022 and January 2023, the electronic databases CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched for peer-reviewed articles in English published from January 2015 to January 2023. Gray literature was retrieved from the websites of well-known humanitarian organizations. The data charting and summary of the results were structured in themes according to the six predefined objectives of the 2018 version of MISP, with the addition of “safe abortion care” as a seventh objective.

Results
We included 23 journal articles and eight gray literature sources. Much of the research focuses on sexual violence, while there is limited data on coordination, sexually transmitted infection treatment, family planning, and abortion care. Gaps in protection, support services for survivors, postnatal care, and clinical rape management were identified. Barriers to accessing health services existed.

Conclusion
Since 2015, Greece has hosted many refugees facing barriers to accessing SRH services in camps. Research on family planning and safe abortion care is limited, with more focus on sexual violence and maternal and child health. Addressing SRH service gaps is crucial for human rights, requiring more research and implementation of best practices.
Advances in clinical and basic research for hepatocellular carcinoma in China: a 2023 review
Authors: Wang Pengxiang , Sun Yunfan , Fan Jia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPrimary liver cancer, predominantly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), remains to be a significant public health challenge in China. Drug therapy continues to be a cornerstone in the treatment of HCC. Notably, recent breakthroughs in immunotherapy, exemplified by immune checkpoint inhibitors, have introduced innovative avenues for pharmacological intervention. Chinese researchers have undertaken extensive investigations into this therapeutic pathway, focusing particularly on its applications in neoadjuvant and transitional therapies, as well as postoperative adjuvant treatments. These endeavors have yielded promising therapeutic outcomes, showcasing the potential of immunotherapy across various aspects of HCC management. In addition to therapeutic advancements, researchers have made notable progress in understanding the complexities of HCC, particularly in deciphering tumor heterogeneity and the mechanisms underlying tumor recurrence and metastasis. Leveraging cutting-edge methodologies such as spatiotemporal omics and clinical cross-omics, these researchers have gained deeper insights into the disease's biology. These fundamental discoveries have solidified the theoretical basis for future precision medicine approaches in HCC treatment. This article aims to comprehensively summarize these pivotal research advancements across both basic and clinical research fields.
Vulnerability to climate change of coastal mangrove-dependent communities in the Tana Delta, Kenya: a local perspective
Authors: Mulonga Julie , Olago Daniel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCoastal mangrove-dependent communities face various risks due to climate change, thus rendering them vulnerable. This study explored the vulnerability of these communities in the Tana Delta in Kenya using an indicator-based vulnerability assessment framework to better understand their exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. Data was collected through household surveys (n = 377), focus group discussions (FGDs), and key informant interviews (KIIs). The analysis revealed mean vulnerability indices at the sub-location level ranged from 0.850 for Kipini to − 0.913 for Kilelengwani and − 2.702 for Ozi. The statistically significant indicators of vulnerability were (i) exposure—high temperatures and rainfall changes; (ii) sensitivity—household numbers, head of household’s age, dependents’ education, and dependents’ employment; and (iii) adaptive capacity—ownership of assets, access to community infrastructure and services, condition/quality of houses, total income, and alternative sources of income. The findings highlight the need for adaptation strategies that ensure greater financial assets supported by education and skills enhancement to utilize existing opportunities. Attention to community infrastructure and services is crucial. Policy should focus on financial, physical, and human assets to reduce community vulnerability alongside the continued conservation and management of mangrove resources. The results will help policymakers in addressing the impacts of climate change and benefit households in the study area. These insights can be applied to regions with similar climate conditions and livelihood systems.
Transfer metric learning: algorithms, applications and outlooks
Authors: Luo Yong , Wen Yonggang , Hu Han , Du Bo , Duan Ling-Yu , Tao Dacheng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDistance metric learning (DML) aims to find an appropriate way to reveal the underlying data relationship. It is critical in many machine learning, pattern recognition and data mining algorithms, and usually require large amount of label information (such as class labels or pair/triplet constraints) to achieve satisfactory performance. However, the label information may be insufficient in real-world applications due to the high-labeling cost, and DML may fail in this case. Transfer metric learning (TML) is able to mitigate this issue for DML in the domain of interest (target domain) by leveraging knowledge/information from other related domains (source domains). Although achieved a certain level of development, TML has limited success in various aspects such as selective transfer, theoretical understanding, handling complex data, big data and extreme cases. In this survey, we present a systematic review of the TML literature. In particular, we group TML into different categories according to different settings and metric transfer strategies, such as direct metric approximation, subspace approximation, distance approximation, and distribution approximation. A summarization and insightful discussion of the various TML approaches and their applications will be presented. Finally, we indicate some challenges and provide possible future directions.
Vicinagearth
Authors: Li Xuelong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWith the development of science and technology, new safety requirements have arisen in low-altitude airspace and underwater space, such as low-altitude three-dimensional transportation, disaster rescue, marine ranching, underwater monitoring. In this paper, we mainly focus on the safety issues in Vicinagearth Space. A technology framework of Vicinagearth Safety (VS) is proposed therein, which covers low-altitude safety, underwater safety and cross-domain safety. The VS is a cutting-edge interdisciplinary and technical field, which is widely oriented to the cross-integration of many disciplines and technical fields, such as aerospace, oceanography, mechatronics, mathematics, physics, acoustics, optics, biology, life science, information science, computer science, control science, cybersecurity, energy, new materials, artificial intelligence, etc. Therefore, the VS framework is of great significance to the scientific innovation, technical improvement, economic development and social stability.
Development and validation of stability indicating HPTLC method for simultaneous estimation of Dapagliflozin and Linagliptin
Authors: Shukla Anchal , Chhalotiya Usmangani , Shah Dimal , Tandel Jinal , Kachhiya Heta , Parmar Mital 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFor the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Dapagliflozin selectively inhibits the sodium-glucose co-transporter-2, while Linagliptin competitively and reversibly inhibits dipeptidyl peptidase-4 in a fixed dose combination (1:1). Dapagliflozin and Linagliptin estimation in bulk and tablet formulation was accomplished by the development and validation of a precise and accurate HPTLC method. The procedure used Toluene: Chloroform: Methanol: Triethylamine (7:2:1:0.2 v/v/v) as the mobile phase and HPTLC aluminum plates pre-coated with silica gel 60 F254 as the stationary phase used. Dapagliflozin and Linagliptin were determined to have Rf values of 0.23 and 0.40 correspondingly. At 224 nm, densitometric analysis was performed in the absorbance mode. For Dapagliflozin and Linagliptin 200–1200 ng/band were the linear ranges in which the procedure produced results. Forced degradation studies were performed on both Dapagliflozin and Linagliptin active pharmaceutical ingredients like acid hydrolysis, base hydrolysis, chemical oxidation, dry heat and photodegradation studies. Dapagliflozin and Linagliptin are susceptible to acid hydrolysis, base hydrolysis, chemical oxidation while both the chemical substances are stable to dry heat and photolytic studies.
On the Budget and Atmospheric Fate of Sulfur Emissions From Large Volcanic Eruptions
Authors: Scaillet Bruno , Oppenheimer Clive 
Published: June 2024

AbstractToday, volcanic sulfur emissions into the atmosphere are measured spectroscopically from the ground, air and space. For eruptions prior to the satellite era, two main sulfur proxies are used, the rock and ice core records, as illustrated by Peccia et al. (2023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023gl103334). The first approach is based on calculations of the sulfur content of the magma, while the second uses traces of sulfur deposited in ice. Both approaches have their limitations. For glaciochemistry, the volcano responsible for a sulfur anomaly is often unknown and the atmospheric pathway by which the sulfur reached the ice uncertain. The petrologic method relies, too, on uncertain estimates of eruption size and a number of geochemical assumptions that are hard to verify. A deeper knowledge of processes occurring both within magma bodies prior to eruption, and within volcanic plumes in the atmosphere is needed to further our understanding of the impacts of volcanism on climate.