bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulatory T cell epitopes (Tregitopes) in IgG induce tolerance in vivo and lack immunogenicity per se
Authors: Su Yan , Rossi Robert , De Groot Anne S , Scott David W 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTTregitopes are a set of epitopes, derived from IgG, that bind to MHCII, activate nTregs, and promote tolerance. We have now confirmed that coadministration of Tregitopes with a range of proteins (autoantigens and nominal antigens, such as OVA) in vitro and in vivo leads to suppression of T cell and antibody responses to the test antigens. In this study, we demonstrate that Tregitopes are not immunogenic in vivo even when emulsified with strong adjuvants, such as IFA or CFA. Moreover, in vivo administration of Tregitopes with IFA or CFA does not induce Th1 or Th2 cytokine expression under restimulation conditions in vitro. We investigated tolerance induction by codelivering Tregitopes with OVA using B cells. When B cells were pulsed with OVA plus Tregitopes and transferred into naïve mice, we found that cellular and humoral immune responses to the OVA were suppressed. As a result of their ability to induce Tregs and the absence of immunogenicity in the context of strong adjuvants, Tregitopes might be considered a novel immunomodulatory approach for the suppression of immune responses to protein therapeutics (such as FVIII and mAb), as well as for treatment of autoimmune diseases.
Novel Environmentally Friendly Inorganic Blue Pigments Based on Amorphous Tungsten Oxyphosphate
Authors: Wendusu  , Hosoya Ayaka , Masui Toshiyuki , Imanaka Nobuhito 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Novel environmentally friendly inorganic blue pigments based on amorphous tungsten oxyphosphate, (W1−xLnx)OP2O7−δ (0.10 ≤ x ≤ 0.29; Ln = La, Eu, Gd, Y, and Lu) were successfully synthesized, and their color properties were characterized. Among the samples, (W0.76Eu0.24)OP2O7−δ shows the most brilliant blue color. The b* value corresponding to blue chromaticity of the (W0.76Eu0.24)OP2O7−δ pigment was −25.2, which exceeds that of a commercially available iron hexacyanoferrate pigment (Prussian blue, b* = −15.6). Since the present (W0.76Eu0.24)OP2O7−δ pigment consists of only nontoxic and safe elements, it could be an effective alternative to conventional blue pigment.
Optimum Particle Size of ZnO for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Sakai Nobuya , Usui Ryo , Murakami Takurou N 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The relationship between the size of ZnO particles in porous semiconductor electrodes and their photovoltaic performance for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) was investigated. The DSSCs employing 40 nm ZnO particles showed the best power conversion efficiency among those based on particles in the size range 20 nm to 2 µm. The cell performance drastically changed further upon TiCl4 post-treatment of the ZnO layer, and a treatment time of more than 20 min was found necessary to improve the performance.
Hydrosilylation of Various Multiple Bonds by a Simple Combined Catalyst of a Tungstate Monomer and Rhodium Acetate
Authors: Itagaki Shintaro , Sunaba Hanako , Kamata Keigo , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Mizuno Noritaka 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
In the presence of a simple combined catalyst of a tungstate monomer (TBA2WO4, TBA: tetra-n-butylammonium) and rhodium acetate (Rh2(OAc)4), hydrosilylation of various types of substances including ketone, aldehyde, carbon dioxide, alkene, nitrile, and furan derivatives efficiently proceeded, affording the corresponding hydrosilylation products in moderate to high yields (≥63% yields). In addition, the present system was also applicable to the one-pot reduction of benzamide to benzylamine (95% yield).
Helix-sense-selective Polymerization of 3,5-Bis(hydroxymethyl)phenylacetylene Connected with a Rigid and π-Conjugated Substituent
Authors: Shi Zhichun , Murayama Yoshinori , Kaneko Takashi , Teraguchi Masahiro , Aoki Toshiki 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
An achiral 3,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)phenylacetylene connected with a rigid and π-conjugated substituent was polymerized using a rhodium (Rh) complex catalyst in the presence of chiral 1-phenylethylamines. The circular dichroism (CD) spectra of the polymers indicated that an excess of one-handed helical polyacetylene backbone was induced by helix-sense-selective polymerization under the asymmetric conditions despite the achiral monomer. The split-type-induced CD signals at 300 nm were attributed to the chromophore including the conjugated side group since the signal appeared at a longer wavelength than the poly[3,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)phenylacetylene] without conjugated substituent.
Three New Pteridines from the Leech Whitmania pigra
Authors: Li Tao , Wang Guo-Cai , Wang Chun-Hua , Ye Wen-Cai 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Chemical investigation on the dried material of the leech Whitmania pigra has led to the isolation of three new pteridines, including two new lumazines bearing a thieno[3,2-g]lumazine skeleton, whitmanines A and B (1 and 2) and a new pterin, 5,8-dimethylleucopterin (3). Their structures were established mainly by spectroscopic methods, especially HR-ESI-MS and NMR techniques.
Impacts of Dibenzo- and Dithieno-fused Structures at the b, g Bonds in the BODIPY Skeleton
Authors: Shimogawa Hiroyuki , Mori Haruki , Wakamiya Atsushi , Murata Yasujiro 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Dibenzo[b,g]-fused and dithieno[b,g]-fused BODIPY derivatives were synthesized, and the electronic effects of the introducing dibenzo- and dithieno-fused structures at both of the b and g bonds in the BODIPY skeleton were investigated. Electrochemical and photophysical measurements demonstrated that these structural modifications effectively enhance the electron-accepting ability of the BODIPY skeleton leading to the red-shifted absorption.
Francis Thompson (1859–1907): a medical truant and his troubled heart
Authors: Breathnach Caoimhghin S 
Published: June 2013

Summary Francis Thompson was born in 1859 in Preston and grew to manhood in Ashton-under-Lyne in Lancashire. After six years registered as a medical student at Owens College, Manchester, he set off for London to retrace the footsteps of Thomas De Quincey (1785–1859). His early experience in London followed closely that of the earlier English Opium Eater until he was rescued by Wilfrid Meynell (1852–1948) who recognized his nascent literary flair. Thompson's poetry earned him respect and reputation and his prose brought him a reasonable income, but he never weaned himself from laudanum and he died of tuberculosis in 1907. Not every truant is honoured by a lapidary inscription in his alma mater, even though he may be overlooked in an arbitrary census.
Bladder Preservation Therapy for Muscle-Invading Bladder Cancers on Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Trials 8802, 8903, 9506, and 9706: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor B Overexpression Predicts for Increased Distant Metastasis and Shorter Survival
Authors: Lautenschlaeger Tim , George Asha , Klimowicz Alexander C. , Efstathiou Jason A. , Wu Chin-Lee , Sandler Howard , Shipley William U. , Tester William J. , Hagan Michael P. , Magliocco Anthony M. , Chakravarti Arnab 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background.
From 1988 to 1999, the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) conducted four prospective studies (8802, 8903, 9506, 9706) of patients with clinical stage T2–4a muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Treatment was selective bladder preservation using transurethral surgery (TURBT) plus cisplatin-based induction and consolidation chemoradiation regimens, reserving radical cystectomy for invasive tumor recurrence. We investigated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway biomarkers in this unique clinical dataset (median follow-up of 3.1 years).

Methods.
A total of 43 patients with tissue available from the entry TURBT were included in this analysis. Expression of VEGF ligands and receptors were quantified and scored by the AQUA platform (HistoRX, now Genoptix, Carlsbad, CA) and analyzed after median split.

Results.
VEGF expression levels were not associated with increased rates of complete response to induction chemoradiation. Higher levels of cytoplasmic VEGF-B, VEGF-C, and VEGF-R2 were associated with decreased overall survival rates. The 3-year overall survival estimates for high and low expressers were 43.7% and 75% for VEGF-B cytoplasm (p = .01), 40.2% and 86.7% for VEGF-C cytoplasm (p = .01), and 49.7% and 66.7% for VEGF-R2 cytoplasm (p = .02). Higher expression levels of cytoplasm VEGF-B were associated with higher rates of distant failure (p = .01).

Conclusions.
Although VEGF ligands and receptors do not appear to be associated with complete response to induction chemoradiation for muscle-invasive bladder cancer, we report significant associations with overall survival and distant failure for certain VEGF family members.
Lipophilic nano-bismuth inhibits bacterial growth, attachment, and biofilm formation
Authors: Badireddy Appala Raju , Marinakos Stella M. , Chellam Shankararaman , Wiesner Mark R. 
Published: June 2013

There is an urgent need for low-cost and low-toxicity antimicrobial agents for water treatment and medical applications. Current approaches utilize relatively expensive and corrosive chemicals and disinfectants to reduce, prevent or remove biofilms in technological systems. Nanoparticle-based approaches are sought increasingly to develop disinfection systems and self-cleaning surfaces that could ‘seek and destroy’ microorganisms. In this context, the authors have developed novel lipophilic bismuth dimercaptopropanol (BisBAL) nanoparticles using a simple aqueous reduction reaction with sodium borohydride at room temperature. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of BisBAL nanoparticles on growth, attachment and biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Characterization of nanoparticles showed them to be very lipophilic, with a rhombohedral crystalline structure and crystallite size of approximately 18 nm. When introduced at or above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC = 12·5 µM), the growth of bacteria was completely inhibited for at least 30 d. The authors show that lipophilic BisBAL nanoparticles at the MIC inhibited bacterial attachment to track-etched polycarbonate membrane surfaces and lysed bacteria embedded in biofilms, within 1 h of exposure. The authors conclude that lipophilic bismuth nanoparticles are promising antimicrobial agents, that have the capability to inhibit growth, prevent bacterial attachment to surfaces or damage existing biofilms.
Rupture of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Bucket Handle Tear of the Medial Meniscus
Authors: Mabry Lance M. , Mcgill Troy E. , Abbott Jessica L. 
Published: June 2013

The patient was a 33-year-old man currently serving in the military as a radio operator, who had a chief complaint of right knee pain. After the patient returned from his deployment, he sought further medical care and was referred to a physical therapist. Visual observation revealed right quadriceps muscle atrophy, mild right knee effusion, and decreased duration of terminal stance phase for the right lower extremity during gait. During range-of-motion assessment, the patient was unable to fully extend his right knee due to a mechanical limitation. Due to concern for an anterior cruciate ligament tear and a medial meniscal tear, the physical therapist referred the patient to an orthopaedic surgeon for additional evaluation. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a complete rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament and a double posterior cruciate ligament sign, suggestive of a bucket handle tear of the medial meniscus. The patient subsequently underwent surgical reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament and repair of the medial meniscus. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013;43(6):427. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.0410
Symptomatic Discoid Medial Meniscus
Authors: Zhang Chunli , Xu Hu , Wang Yingchun 
Published: June 2013

The patient was a 27-year-old man with a chief complaint of right medial knee pain for the past 4 months. Despite physical therapist intervention for a month, the patient's right knee pain continued to progressively worsen, and the patient was subsequently referred to an orthopaedic surgeon. Arthroscopic examination found that the medial tibial plateau was not completely covered by the discoid meniscus, and complex horizontal and peripheral longitudinal tears of the medial meniscus were identified. A partial meniscectomy was performed and the parameniscal cyst was removed. At 3 months following surgery, the patient had no complaints of right knee pain and had successfully returned to all required activities of daily living. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013;43(6):428. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.0411
Effect of Genetic Polymorphisms on Development of Gout
Authors: Urano Wako , Taniguchi Atsuo , Inoue Eisuke , Sekita Chieko , Ichikawa Naomi , Koseki Yumi , Kamatani Naoyuki , Yamanaka Hisashi 
Published: June 2013

Objective.To validate the association between genetic polymorphisms and gout in Japanese patients, and to investigate the cumulative effects of multiple genetic factors on the development of gout.Methods.Subjects were 153 Japanese male patients with gout and 532 male controls. The genotypes of 11 polymorphisms in the 10 genes that have been indicated to be associated with serum uric acid levels or gout were determined. The cumulative effects of the genetic polymorphisms were investigated using a weighted genotype risk score (wGRS) based on the number of risk alleles and the OR for gout. A model to discriminate between patients with gout and controls was constructed by incorporating the wGRS and clinical factors. C statistics method was applied to evaluate the capability of the model to discriminate gout patients from controls.Results.Seven polymorphisms were shown to be associated with gout. The mean wGRS was significantly higher in patients with gout (15.2 ± 2.01) compared to controls (13.4 ± 2.10; p < 0.0001). The C statistic for the model using genetic information alone was 0.72, while the C statistic was 0.81 for the full model that incorporated all genetic and clinical factors.Conclusion.Accumulation of multiple genetic factors is associated with the development of gout. A prediction model for gout that incorporates genetic and clinical factors may be useful for identifying individuals who are at risk of gout.
Sustained Clinical Remission and Rate of Relapse After Tocilizumab Withdrawal in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Aguilar-Lozano Luis , Castillo-Ortiz Jose Dionisio , Vargas-Serafin Cesar , Morales-Torres Jorge , Sanchez-Ortiz Adriana , Sandoval-Castro Carlos , Padilla-Ibarra Jorge , Hernandez-Cuevas Claudia , Ramos-Remus Cesar 
Published: June 2013

Objective.Data on when to stop use of biological agents in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are scant. We assessed the length of remission and the rate of clinical relapse in patients with RA who had to discontinue treatment with tocilizumab (TCZ) because of the ending of longterm (5 yrs) open-label clinical trials.Methods.All patients at 2 participating centers in Mexico were in remission, defined as Disease Activity Score 28 ≤ 2.6, with no swollen joints at the time of the last TCZ infusion. Patients were followed thereafter every 8 weeks for 12 months or until relapse. Relapse was defined as the presence of ≥ 1 swollen joint. Doses of methotrexate and antiinflammatory drugs were not changed during the followup period.Results.Forty-five patients were analyzed, 87% were women (mean age 52 yrs, mean disease duration 14 yrs). During the 12 months of followup, 44% of patients maintained remission. Relapses occurred in 56% of patients: 14 during the first 3 months after the last TCZ administration. Retreatment using other agents achieved low disease activity or remission.Conclusion.Longterm clinical remission is possible in a number of patients with RA after suspension of TCZ. This effect has also been reported with other biologic agents. Additional data are required to support recommendations for discontinuing a biological agent after achieving remission.
CD166/ALCAM Mediates Proinflammatory Effects of S100B in Delayed Type Hypersensitivity
Authors: von Bauer Rüdiger , Oikonomou Dimitrios , Sulaj Alba , Mohammed Sawsan , Hotz-Wagenblatt Agnes , Gröne Hermann-Josef , Arnold Bernd , Falk Christine , Luethje Dorit , Erhardt Axel , Stern David M. , Bierhaus Angelika , Nawroth Peter P. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Promiscuity of pattern recognition receptors, such as receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), allows for a complex regulatory network controlling inflammation. Scavenging of RAGE ligands by soluble RAGE treatment is effective in reducing delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), even in RAGE−/− mice by 50% (p &lt; 0.001). This has led to the hypothesis that molecules scavenged by soluble RAGE bind to receptors other than RAGE. This study identifies CD166/ALCAM (ALCAM) as a close structural and functional homolog of RAGE, and it shows that binding of S100B to CD166/ALCAM induces dose- and time-dependent expression of members of the NF-κB family in wild type (WT) and RAGE−/− mouse endothelial cells. Blocking CD166/ALCAM expression using small interfering RNA completely inhibited S100B-induced NF-κB activation in RAGE−/−, but not in WT cells. The in vivo significance of these observations was demonstrated by attenuation of DTH in WT and RAGE−/− animals pretreated with CD166/ALCAM small interfering RNA by 50% and 40%, respectively (p &lt; 0.001). Experiments in ALCAM−/− animals displayed an only slight reduction of 16% in DTH, explained by compensatory reciprocal upregulation of RAGE in animals devoid of CD166/ALCAM, and vice versa. Consistently, ALCAM−/− mice, but not WT mice treated with RAGE small interfering RNA show a 35% reduction in DTH, and ALCAM−/− RAGE−/− double-knockout mice show a 27% reduction in DTH reaction. Thus, S100B is a proinflammatory cytokine bridging RAGE and CD166/ALCAM downstream effector mechanisms, both being compensatory upregulated after genetic deletion of its counterpart.
GILZ Overexpression Inhibits Endothelial Cell Adhesive Function through Regulation of NF-κB and MAPK Activity
Authors: Cheng Qiang , Fan Huapeng , Ngo Devi , Beaulieu Elaine , Leung Patrick , Lo Camden Y. , Burgess Rosemary , van der Zwan Yvonne G. , White Stefan J. , Khachigian Levon M. , Hickey Michael J. , Morand Eric F. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) is an anti-inflammatory protein first identified in T lymphocytes. We recently observed that GILZ is highly expressed in synovial endothelial cells in rheumatoid arthritis. However, the function of GILZ in endothelial cells is unknown. To investigate the actions of GILZ in this cell type, we induced GILZ expression in HUVECs via transient transfection. GILZ overexpression significantly reduced the capacity of TNF-stimulated HUVECs to support leukocyte rolling, adhesion, and transmigration. These effects were associated with decreased expression of E-selectin, ICAM-1, CCL2, CXCL8, and IL-6. Experiments in a human microvascular endothelial cell line demonstrated that TNF-inducible NF-κB activity was significantly inhibited by overexpression of GILZ. Exogenous GILZ inhibited TNF-induced NF-κB p65 DNA binding, although this occurred in the absence of an effect on p65 nuclear translocation, indicating that the mechanism of action of exogenous GILZ in endothelial cells differs from that reported in other cell types. GILZ overexpression also inhibited TNF-induced activation of p38, ERK, and JNK MAPKs, as well as increased expression of the MAPK inhibitory phosphatase, MKP-1. In contrast, silencing endogenous GILZ in glucocorticoid-treated HUVECs did not alter their capacity to support leukocyte interactions. These data demonstrate that exogenous GILZ exerts inhibitory effects on endothelial cell adhesive function via a novel pathway involving modulation of NF-κB p65 DNA binding and MAPK activity. Induction of GILZ expression in endothelial cells may represent a novel therapeutic modality with the potential to inhibit inflammatory leukocyte recruitment.
Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase–Independent Signaling Pathways Contribute to ICOS-Mediated T Cell Costimulation in Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease in Mice
Authors: Li Jun , Heinrichs Jessica , Leconte Julien , Haarberg Kelley , Semple Kenrick , Liu Chen , Gigoux Mathieu , Kornete Mara , Piccirillo Ciriaco A. , Suh Woong-Kyung , Yu Xue-Zhong 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
We and others have previously shown that ICOS plays an important role in inducing acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in murine models of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. ICOS potentiates TCR-mediated PI3K activation and intracellular calcium mobilization. However, ICOS signal transduction pathways involved in GVHD remain unknown. In this study, we examined the contribution of ICOS-PI3K signaling in the pathogenic potential of T cells using a knock-in mouse strain, ICOS-YF, which selectively lost the ability to activate PI3K. We found that when total T cells were used as alloreactive T cells, ICOS-YF T cells caused less severe GVHD compared with ICOS wild-type T cells, but they induced much more aggressive disease than ICOS knockout T cells. This intermediate level of pathogenic capacity of ICOS-YF T cells was correlated with similar levels of IFN-γ–producing CD8 T cells that developed in the recipients of ICOS-WT or ICOS-YF T cells. We further evaluated the role of ICOS-PI3K signaling in CD4 versus CD8 T cell compartment using GVHD models that are exclusively driven by CD4 or CD8 T cells. Remarkably, ICOS-YF CD8 T cells caused disease similar to ICOS wild-type CD8 T cells, whereas ICOS-YF CD4 T cells behaved very similarly to their ICOS knockout counterparts. Consistent with their in vivo pathogenic potential, CD8 T cells responded to ICOS ligation in vitro by PI3K-independent calcium flux, T cell activation, and proliferation. Thus, in acute GVHD in mice, CD4 T cells heavily rely on ICOS-PI3K signaling pathways; in contrast, CD8 T cells can use PI3K-independent ICOS signaling pathways, possibly through calcium.
MAPK Kinase 3 Potentiates Chlamydia HSP60-Induced Inflammatory Response through Distinct Activation of NF-κB
Authors: Kang Yanhua , Wang Fang , Lu Zhe , Ying Hangjie , Zhang Hang , Ding Wen , Wang Cuili , Shi Liyun 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Chlamydia pneumonia (C. pneumonia) remains one of the leading causes of bacterial pneumonia and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of some inflammation-related diseases, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and vascular diseases. Heat shock protein 60 is one of the pathogenic components of C. pneumonia that is closely associated with the inflammatory disorders. However, the molecular basis for the immunopathologic property of chlamydial heat shock protein (cHSP60) has not been elucidated. In this article, we report that MAPK kinase 3 (MKK3) is essential for cHSP60-induced lung inflammation, because MKK3-knockout mice displayed significantly reduced lung neutrophil accumulation and decreased production of proinflammatory mediators, correlating with the alleviated inflammatory response in lung tissues. Mechanistically, p38 kinase was selectively activated by MKK3 in response to cHSP60 and activated NF-κB by stimulating the nuclear kinase, mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase 1. The specific knockdown of mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase 1 in macrophages resulted in a defective phosphorylation of NF-κB/RelA at Ser276 but had no apparent effect on RelA translocation. Furthermore, TGF-β–activated kinase 1 was found to relay the signal to MKK3 from TLR4, the major receptor that sensed cHSP60 in the initiation of the inflammatory response. Thus, we establish a critical role for MKK3 signaling in cHSP60 pathology and suggest a novel mechanism underlying C. pneumonia–associated inflammatory disorders.