bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vowel bias in Danish word‐learning: processing biases are language‐specific
Authors: Højen Anders , Nazzi Thierry 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe present study explored whether the phonological bias favoring consonants found in French‐learning infants and children when learning new words (Havy & Nazzi, 2009; Nazzi, 2005) is language‐general, as proposed by Nespor, Peña and Mehler (2003), or varies across languages, perhaps as a function of the phonological or lexical properties of the language in acquisition. To do so, we used the interactive word‐learning task set up by Havy and Nazzi (2009), teaching Danish‐learning 20‐month‐olds pairs of phonetically similar words that contrasted either on one of their consonants or one of their vowels, by either one or two phonological features. Danish was chosen because it has more vowels than consonants, and is characterized by extensive consonant lenition. Both phenomena could disfavor a consonant bias. Evidence of word‐learning was found only for vocalic information, irrespective of whether one or two phonological features were changed. The implication of these findings is that the phonological biases found in early lexical processing are not language‐general but develop during language acquisition, depending on the phonological or lexical properties of the native language.
Influence of plant growth and root architecture of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) on N recovery during winter
Authors: Malcolm B. J. , Moir J. L. , Cameron K. C. , Di H. J. , Edwards G. R. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractNitrate () leaching is an environmental and health concern. In grazed pasture systems, leaching primarily occurs beneath animal urine patch areas due to high nitrogen (N) loading and the inability of pasture plants to capture all of this N. This study investigated the relative importance of plant growth and root architecture to recover soil N. Herbage N recovery, dry matter (DM) yield and root architecture, following injections of 15N‐enriched urea at different soil depths (5, 25 and 45 cm), were measured for Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) grown in soil monolith lysimeters (18 cm diameter × 70 cm depth) under simulated South Island, New Zealand winter temperature and light levels. Total herbage N uptake and DM yield were on average 24 and 48% greater in L. multiflorum than F. arundinacea respectively. Root length density (cm cm−3 soil) in the 5‐ to 25‐cm‐depth horizon was similar between species. In the 25‐ to 45‐cm‐depth horizon, F. arundinacea roots were found at higher densities than L. multiflorum. In the 45‐ to 65‐cm‐depth horizon, root length density was fourfold to ninefold higher for F. arundinacea than L. multiflorum, but N uptake efficiency was greater in L. multiflorum (0·48 mg 15N m−1 root) than F. arundinacea (0·09 mg 15N m−1 root). The results suggest that deep F. arundinacea roots are relatively inactive during the winter period and confirm that plant growth is more important than root architecture (e.g. deep roots) to recover soil N and ultimately reduce nitrate leaching losses.
Intrafamilial, Preferentially Mother‐to‐Child and Intraspousal, Helicobacter pylori Infection in Japan Determined by Mutilocus Sequence Typing and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Fingerprinting
Authors: Yokota Shin‐ichi , Konno Mutsuko , Fujiwara Shin‐ichi , Toita Nariaki , Takahashi Michiko , Yamamoto Soh , Ogasawara Noriko , Shiraishi Tsukasa 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe infection route of Helicobacter pylori has been recognized to be mainly intrafamilial, preferentially mother‐to‐child, especially in developed countries. To determine the transmission route, we examined whether multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was useful for analysis of intrafamilial infection. The possibility of intraspousal infection was also evaluated.Materials and MethodsClonal relationships between strains derived from 35 index Japanese pediatric patients, and their family members were analyzed by two genetic typing procedures, MLST and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting.ResultsMostly coincident results were obtained by MLST and RAPD. By MLST, the allele of loci in the isolates mostly matched between the index child and both the father and mother for 9 (25.7%) of the 35 patients, between the index child and the mother for 25 (60.0%) of the 35 patients.ConclusionsMLST is useful for analyzing the infection route of H. pylori as a highly reproducible method. Intrafamilial, especially mother‐to‐children and sibling, infection is the dominant transmission route. Intraspousal infection is also thought to occur in about a quarter in the Japanese families.
Behaviour of four different B16 murine melanoma cell sublines: C57BL/6J skin
Authors: Danciu Corina , Oprean Camelia , Coricovac Dorina E. , Andreea Cioca , Cimpean Anca , Radeke Heinfried , Soica Codruta , Dehelean Cristina 
Published: February 2015

SummaryTransplantable murine melanomas are well‐established models for the study of experimental cancer therapies. The aim of this study was to explore the behaviour of four different B16 murine melanoma cell sublines after inoculation into C57BL/6J mice; and, more specifically to analyse skin changes, with respect to two specific parameters: clinical (tumour volume, melanin amount, erythema) and histological (H & E, S100, VEGF expression). Both non‐invasive and invasive analysis showed that B164A5 is the most aggressive melanoma cell line for C57BL/6J's skin, followed by B16F10 and then by diminished aggressive growth pattern by the B16GMCSF and B16FLT3 cell lines.
CYP3A isoforms in Ewing's sarcoma tumours: an immunohistochemical study with clinical correlation
Authors: Zia Hamid , Murray Graeme I. , Vyhlidal Carrie A. , Leeder J. Steven , Anwar Ahmed E. , Bui Marilyn M. , Ahmed Atif A. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryEwing's sarcoma is an aggressive malignancy of bone and soft tissue with high incidence of metastasis and resistance to chemotherapy. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) monooxygenases are a family of enzymes that are involved in the metabolism of exogenous and endogenous compounds, including anti‐cancer drugs, and have been implicated in the aggressive behaviour of various malignancies. Tumour samples and clinical information including age, sex, tumour site, tumour size, clinical stage and survival were collected from 36 adult and paediatric patients with Ewing's sarcoma family tumours. Tissue microarrays slides were processed for immunohistochemical labelling for CYP3A4, CYP3A5 and CYP3A7 using liver sections as positive control. The intensity of staining was scored as negative, low or high expression and was analysed statistically for any association with patients' clinical information. Four cases were later excluded due to inadequate viable tissue. CYP3A4 staining was present in 26 (81%) cases with high expression noted in 13 (40%) of 32 cases. High expression was significantly associated with distant metastases (P < 0.05). CYP3A5 and CYP3A7 were expressed in 5 and 13 cases respectively (15.6%, 40.6%). There was no association between the expression of CYP3A isoforms and age, sex, tumour size, or location (pelvic or extra‐pelvic). None of the biomarkers showed any correlation with overall or disease‐free survival. In conclusion, expression of CYP3A isoforms is noted in Ewing's sarcoma tumours and high CYP3A4 expression may be associated with metastasis. Additional studies are needed to further investigate the role of CYP3A4 in the prognosis of these tumours.
Saudi Arabian adult intensive care unit pressure ulcer incidence and risk factors: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Tayyib Nahla , Coyer Fiona , Lewis Peter 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to identify pressure ulcer (PU) incidence and risk factors that are associated with PU development in patients in two adult intensive care units (ICU) in Saudi Arabia. A prospective cohort study design was used. A total of 84 participants were screened second daily basis until discharge or death, over a consecutive 30‐day period, out of which 33 participants with new PUs were identified giving a cumulative hospital‐acquired PU incidence of 39·3% (33/84 participants). The incidence of medical devices‐related PUs was 8·3% (7/84). Age, length of stay in the ICU, history of cardiovascular disease and kidney disease, infrequent repositioning, time of operation, emergency admission, mechanical ventilation and lower Braden Scale scores independently predicted the development of a PU. According to binary logistic regression analyses, age, longer stay in ICU and infrequent repositioning were significant predictors of all stages of PUs, while the length of stay in the ICU and infrequent repositioning were associated with the development of stages II–IV PUs. In conclusion, PU incidence rate was higher than that reported in other international studies. This indicates that urgent attention is required for PU prevention strategies in this setting.
Zosteriform pemphigoid after zoster: Wolf's isotopic response
Authors: Gurel Mehmet S , Savas Sevil , Bilgin Fusun , Erdil Duygu , Leblebici Cem , Sarikaya Ebru 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe Wolf isotopic response describes the occurrence of a new, unrelated disease that appears at the same location as a previously healed disease. The most common primary skin disorder of this phenomenon is herpes zoster and less frequently, herpes simplex. We report a case of 79‐year‐old woman who have bullous pemphigoid (BP) with dermatomal distribution that developed at the site of previously healed herpes zoster. Based on clinical, histological and immunofluorescence findings, the patient was diagnosed with localized BP in a site of prior herpes zoster. BP developing at the site of healed herpes zoster is the first reported case. Recognition of this phenomenon is important for correct clinicopathologic diagnosis and may improve our understanding of the underlying pathophysiologic processes.
Pairwise versus presence–absence approaches for analysing biodiversity patterns
Authors: Soberón Jorge 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIt has been proposed that the study of co‐occurrence of species, which is traditionally performed using full presence–absence matrices of sets of many species, could benefit from simply testing for random co‐occurrence between pairs of species, and that use of a full presence–absence matrix is tantamount to regarding it as having some real ecological identity. Here I argue that although there are valid questions that can be answered using a pairwise approach, there are many others that naturally require the analysis of entire sets of species in a joint way, as provided for through the use of full presence–absence matrices. Moreover, there are theoretical and mathematical advantages to the use of presence–absence matrices, a few of which are briefly discussed in this short note.
Association Between Pulse Wave Velocity and a Marker of Renal Tubular Damage (N‐Acetyl‐β‐D‐Glucosaminidase) in Patients Without Diabetes
Authors: Ouchi Motoshi , Oba Kenzo , Saigusa Taro , Watanabe Kentaro , Ohara Makoto , Matsumura Noriaki , Suzuki Tatsuya , Anzai Naohiko , Tsuruoka Shuichi , Yasutake Masahiro 
Published: February 2015

The authors assessed the association between the ratio of urinary activity of N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucosaminidase (NAG) to creatinine and the brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in patients without overt diabetes mellitus (DM). This was a cross‐sectional study of 233 patients who had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥30 mL/min/1.73 m2 and no history of kidney disease. Patients were divided into two groups: high NAG group (>5.8 U/g creatinine) and low NAG group (≤5.8 U/g creatinine). Mean baPWVs of the high NAG group were significantly higher than those of the low NAG group in both the eGFR ≥30 and <60 tertiles and the eGFR ≥60 and <90 tertiles. The baPWV was positively correlated with NAG in all patients (r=0.341, P<.001). Stepwise multivariate regression analysis showed that the baPWV was significantly related with NAG, age, and systolic blood pressure. Elevated NAG is related to elevated arterial stiffness in patients without DM.
Adalimumab in the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe chronic plaque psoriasis in patients switching from other biologics
Authors: Sator P. , Richter L. , Saxinger W. , Vasiljevic M. , Stingl G. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundAmple evidence shows that switching from one biological agent to another may prove effective when response to the first one is inadequate. Nevertheless, there are little data so far showing the efficacy and safety of adalimumab in patients with plaque psoriasis who previously received another biologic agent.ObjectiveWe evaluated the 1‐year effectiveness, safety and quality‐of‐life outcomes patients with psoriasis who had switched to adalimumab from other biologic therapies.MethodsForty‐two patients who participated in this Austrian multicenter study were treated with adalimumab over a 1‐year period, after switching from efalizumab, infliximab or etanercept.Effectiveness was assessed using standardized tools for measurement of disease severity [Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (NAPSI)] and quality of life [Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI)]. The study endpoints were evaluated using the all‐treated population.ResultsThe mean percentage of improvement at the end of the study was 74.3% for PASI, 81.6% for DLQI and 83.6% for NAPSI, demonstrating a considerable benefit of treatment with adalimumab. The safety profile observed was consistent with previous clinical trials for adalimumab, and no new safety signals were observed.ConclusionAdalimumab therapy in patients with plaque psoriasis previously treated with other biologic agents demonstrates effectiveness, safety and improvement in quality of life.
The effect of marjoram (Origanum majorana) tea on the hormonal profile of women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomised controlled pilot study
Authors: Haj‐Husein I. , Tukan S. , Alkazaleh F. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundIn traditional medicine, marjoram herb (Origanum majorana) is locally reputed for its ability to restore hormonal balance and to regulate the menstrual cycle. Therefore, this pilot study aimed to investigate the effects of marjoram tea on the hormonal profile of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in a randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial.MethodsTwenty‐five patients were assigned to receive marjoram tea or a placebo tea twice daily for 1 month (intervention group: n = 14; placebo group: n = 11). The hormonal and metabolic parameters measured at baseline, as well as after the intervention, were: follicle‐stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone, progesterone, oestradiol, total testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone‐sulphate (DHEA‐S), fasting insulin and glucose, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) and glucose to insulin ratio.ResultsMarjoram tea significantly reduced DHEA‐S and fasting insulin levels (P < 0.05) by a mean (SD) of 1.4 (0.5) μmol L−1 and 1.9 (0.8) μU mL−1, respectively. In comparison to the placebo group, the change was only significant for DHEA‐S (P = 0.05) but not for insulin (P = 0.08). HOMA‐IR was not reduced significantly in the intervention group (P = 0.06), although the change was significant compared to the placebo group (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe results obtained in the present study show the beneficial effects of marjoram tea on the hormonal profile of PCOS women because it was found to improve insulin sensitivity and reduce the levels of adrenal androgens. Further research is needed to confirm these results and to investigate the active components and mechanisms contributing to such potential beneficial effects of marjoram herb.
Association of G1359A polymorphism of the cannabinoid receptor gene (CNR1) with macronutrient intakes in obese females
Authors: de Luis D. A. , Izaola O. , Aller R. , Lopez J. J. , Torres B. , Diaz G. , Gomez E. , Romero E. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe endogenous cannabinoid system plays a role in metabolic aspects of body weight and feeding behaviour. A polymorphism (1359 G/A) (rs1049353) of the CB1 gene was reported as a common polymorphism in the Caucasian population. The present study aimed to investigate the association of the polymorphism (G1359A) of the CB1 receptor gene on macronutrient intake in females with obesity.MethodsA sample of 896 females was analysed. A bioimpedance measurement, a blood pressure measurement, a serial assessment of nutritional intake with 3 days of written food records, and a biochemical analysis were all performed. The genotype of the CNR1 receptor gene polymorphism (rs1049353) was studied.ResultsFive hundred and sixteen patients (57.6%) had the genotype G1359G (non‐A carriers) and 380 (42.4%) patients had G1359A (328 patients, 36.6%) or A1359A (52 patients, 5.8%) (A carriers). Triglycerides and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels were higher in A non‐A allele carriers than non‐A allele carriers. The intakes of dietary cholesterol and saturated fat for the upper tertile (T3) compared to the baseline tertile were inversely associated with the CB1‐R 1359 G/A polymorphism [odds ratio (OR) = 0.59; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.30–0.92 and OR = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.39–0.91, respectively]. These data were observed in the second tertile (T2) (OR = 0.61; 95% CI = 0.29–0.94 and OR = 0.58; 95% CI = 0.31–0.90, respectively).ConclusionsThe present study reports an association of the A allele with a better lipid profile (triglycerides and HDL cholesterol) than non‐A allele carriers. In addition, this polymorphism is associated with a specific macronutrient intake, as well as with low cholesterol and fat saturated intakes.
Healthcare resource utilisation by critically ill older patients following an intensive care unit stay
Authors: Jeitziner Marie‐Madlen , Zwakhalen Sandra MG , Hantikainen Virpi , Hamers Jan PH 
Published: February 2015

Aims and objectivesThis study examines the utilisation of healthcare resources by critically ill older patients over one year following an intensive care unit stay.BackgroundInformation on healthcare resource utilisation following intensive care unit treatment is essential during times of limited financial resources.DesignProspective longitudinal nonrandomised study.MethodsHealthcare resource utilisation by critically ill older patients (≥65 years) was recorded during one year following treatment in a medical‐surgical intensive care unit. Age‐matched community‐based participants served as comparison group. Data were collected at one‐week following intensive care unit discharge/study recruitment and after 6 and 12 months. Recorded were length of stay, (re)admission to hospital or intensive care unit, general practitioner and medical specialist visits, rehabilitation program participation, medication use, discharge destination, home health care service use and level of dependence for activities of daily living.ResultsOne hundred and forty‐five critically ill older patients and 146 age‐matched participants were recruited into the study. Overall, critically ill older patients utilised more healthcare resources. After 6 and 12 months, they visited general practitioners six times more frequently, twice as many older patients took medications and only the intensive care unit group patients participated in rehabilitation programs (n = 99, 76%). The older patients were less likely to be hospitalised, very few transferred to nursing homes (n = 3, 2%), and only 7 (6%) continued to use home healthcare services 12 months following the intensive care unit stay.ConclusionsCritically ill older patients utilise more healthcare resources following an intensive care unit stay, however, most are able to live at home with no or minimal assistance after one year.Relevance to clinical practiceAdequate healthcare resources, such as facilitated access to medical follow‐up care, rehabilitation programs and home healthcare services, must be easily accessible for older patients following hospital discharge. Nurses need to be aware of the healthcare services available and advise patients accordingly.
Outcome of Early Revascularization Surgery in Patients with ST‐Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: KHAN ATIF N. , SABBAGH SALAH , ITTAMAN SUNITHA , ABRICH VICTOR , NARAYAN AARTI , AUSTIN BRYAN , REZKALLA SHEREIF H. 
Published: February 2015

ObjectivesTo compare morbidity and mortality of patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (MI) undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery within 24 hours with those who had surgery delayed >24 hours.BackgroundPatients with ST‐elevation MI are currently managed by emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). If PCI is unsuccessful, or if there is severe coronary artery disease not amenable to PCI, CABG is considered. If the patient is clinically stable, surgeons wait several days before performing surgery, as very early surgery carries a prohibitive risk.MethodsOne hundred and eighty‐four patients with acute ST elevation MI (STEMI) who had undergone CABG were divided into two groups based on their surgery timing (<24 hours vs. >24 hours). Mortality and complication rates were studied between the two groups by Fischer test. Time‐to‐event analyses were performed for five primary variables: all‐cause mortality, cardiac events, congestive heart failure, stroke, and renal failure.ResultsAt one month post‐CABC, all‐cause mortality was noted in 10.6% of patients who had CABG within 24 hours of STEMI diagnosis, compared with 8.9% in patients who had CABG after 24 hours (P = 0.3). Cardiac events including re‐exploration, atrial fibrillation, graft occlusion, and arrhythmias requiring shock occurred in 17.1% versus 13.9% between the two groups, respectively (P = 0.68). One year post‐coronary artery bypass surgery, there was no difference in individual or combined events between the two groups.ConclusionsIn patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction who required emergency coronary artery bypass surgery, there was no difference in procedure complications or mortality between early (within 24 hours) or later (more than 24 hours). That was noted at one month and one year after the index myocardial infarction. (J Interven Cardiol 2015;28:14–23)