bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The rights and responsibilities of citizenship for service users: some terms and conditions apply
Authors: Hamer H. P. , Finlayson M. 
Published: August 2015

Accessible summary
What is known about the subject?
Citizenship is an important yet largely overlooked concept within psychiatric and mental health nursing practice
Many service users are subject to legally mandated restrictions that place conditions on their rights and responsibilities as citizens.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?
Even though service users have legal status as citizens, they continue to experience many conditions on their rights and responsibilities.
Concerns about services users' trustworthiness and doubts about their levels of insight impact on their status as full citizens.

What are the implications for practice?
Nurses' understandings of the conditions placed on the citizenship rights and responsibilities of service users will ensure inclusive and less restrictive care and treatment
Integration of the principles of therapeutic reciprocity and procedural justice within practice will help nurses balance both the rights of services users and legal restrictions on their liberty and autonomy
AbstractIntroductionService users have long been lobbying for equal participation as citizens, yet citizenship is an important and largely overlooked concept within nursing education and practice.AimsThe study explored service users' understandings of their rights and responsibilities of citizenship and the conditions placed on these.MethodsA total of 17 service users participated in semi‐structured interviews. Isin's theory of the content of citizenship was used to analyze the data using a framework approach.ResultsService users experience conditional citizenship that includes barriers to their participation and their rights and responsibilities that others in society enjoy.DiscussionWhen the world of the service user is constructed through the language of the biomedical model, nurses may unwittingly reinforce psychiatric labels and thus perpetuate the stereotype that service users lack the competence to fully enact their rights and responsibilities.Implications for practiceWhen providing care, nurses should incorporate the notion of therapeutic jurisprudence and the principles of reciprocity, procedural justice and the implementation of advanced directives to reduce conditions on service users' status as citizens.
Relationship between Vasectomy and Sexual Frequency
Authors: Guo David P. , Lamberts Remy W. , Eisenberg Michael L. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Introduction
Men who are considering vasectomy as a means of contraception may have significant anxiety about their future sexual potency. As a result, couples may choose other forms of contraception with lower efficacy.

Aim
We sought to determine the relationship between vasectomy and the frequency of sexual intercourse.

Methods
We analyzed data from cycles 6 (2002) to 7 (2006–2008) of the National Survey of Family Growth to compare the frequency of sexual intercourse of men who had undergone vasectomy with men who had not. Analysis was performed using data from male and female responders, and excluded men who had never had sex and those below age 25. We constructed a multivariate logistic regression model to adjust for demographic, socioeconomic, reproductive, and health factors.

Main Outcome Measure
The main outcome measure was the sexual frequency in the last 4 weeks.

Results
Among male responders, a total of 5838 men met criteria for our study; 353 had undergone vasectomy. For vasectomized men, the average frequency of sexual intercourse was 5.9 times per month compared with 4.9 times for nonvasectomized men. After adjusting for age, marital status, race, education, health, body mass index, children, and income, vasectomized men had an 81% higher odds (95% confidence interval [CI] 6–201%) of having intercourse at least once a week compared with nonvasectomized men. A total number of 5211 female respondents reported 670 of their partners had undergone vasectomy. For partners of vasectomized men, the average frequency of intercourse was 6.3 times per month, compared with 6.0 times for partners of nonvasectomized men. After adjustment, women with vasectomized partners had a 46% higher odds (95% CI 5–103%) of having sexual intercourse at least once a week compared with women with nonvasectomized partners (P = 0.024).

Conclusion
Vasectomy is not associated with decreased sexual frequency. This finding may be helpful to couples as they consider contraceptive options.
Mitochondrial dynamics in the pathogenic mold Aspergillus fumigatus: therapeutic and evolutionary implications
Authors: Neubauer Michael , Zhu Zhaojun , Penka Mirjam , Helmschrott Christoph , Wagener Nikola , Wagener Johannes 
Published: August 2015

SummaryMitochondria within eukaryotic cells continuously fuse and divide. This phenomenon is called mitochondrial dynamics and crucial for mitochondrial function and integrity. We performed a comprehensive analysis of mitochondrial dynamics in the pathogenic mold Aspergillus fumigatus. Phenotypic characterization of respective mutants revealed the general essentiality of mitochondrial fusion for mitochondrial genome maintenance and the mold's viability. Surprisingly, it turned out that the mitochondrial rhomboid protease Pcp1 and its processing product, s‐Mgm,1 which are crucial for fusion in yeast, are dispensable for fusion, mtDNA maintenance and viability in A. fumigatus. In contrast, mitochondrial fission mutants show drastically reduced growth and sporulation rates and increased heat susceptibility. However, reliable inheritance of mitochondria to newly formed conidia is ensured. Strikingly, mitochondrial fission mutants show a significant and growth condition‐dependent increase in azole resistance. Parallel disruption of fusion in a fission mutant partially rescues growth and sporulation defects and further increases the azole resistance phenotype. Taken together, our results indicate an emerging dispensability of the mitochondrial rhomboid protease function in mitochondrial fusion, the suitability of mitochondrial fusion machinery as antifungal target and the involvement of mitochondrial dynamics in azole susceptibility.
Living within stories: Exploring the experiences of people with transient ischemic attack
Authors: Crowfoot Gary Mitchell , van der Riet Pamela Jane , Maguire Jane Margaret 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA transient ischemic attack (TIA) significantly increases a person's risk of ischemic stroke. However, little is known about the experiences of these people or what influences their decision to access care. This article explores the stories of three people who experienced a TIA. All participants were interviewed after receiving a diagnosis of TIA by a specialist neurologist. By utilizing a framework of narrative inquiry, several storylines were revealed across temporal, social, and geographical landscapes. The main storylines include: bodily disruption, time stasis, altered temporal perceptions, the roles of others, and help‐seeking behavior. The primary author also reflects upon his own origin and explores how this inquiry has influenced his perceptions, career, and nursing practice. This inquiry may assist healthcare workers to gain insight into the experiences of people with TIA and suggests how involvement of significant others is beneficial when educating people at risk of TIA.
Acculturation and health behaviors among international students: A qualitative approach
Authors: Yan Zi , FitzPatrick Kathleen 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe process of acculturation often results in changes in the health behavior of international students. This study employed an open‐ended, qualitative approach in an attempt to gain an in‐depth understanding of the acculturation process for physical activity, diet, and drinking behavior among international students. Eighteen undergraduate international students (average age 19.20, standard deviation 1.21) were interviewed for 45–60 min. Most of the international students became more physically active after they arrived in the United States. Facilitators included accessibility, weight management, free time, and role modeling. Most international students were unsatisfied with the food on campus. Their strategies for adjusting to this included ordering food from restaurants, visiting supermarkets, and moving off campus. Most international students felt uncomfortable with the drinking culture in the United States, although some of them felt drinking was a good way to socialize with Americans and explore American culture. Colleges and universities should adopt strategies to better help their international students build lifelong healthy behaviors.
The Effect of Import Competition on Firm Productivity and Innovation: Does the Distance to Technology Frontier Matter?
Authors: Ding Sai , Sun Puyang , Jiang Wei 
Published: August 2015

How does foreign competition affect growth and innovation in China? Using our unique measures of proximity of Chinese firms and industries to the world technology frontier, we find that despite vast sectoral heterogeneity, Chinese manufacturing industries have undergone rapid technological upgrading over the period of 2000–06. The distance to the world production frontier of firms and industries plays an important role in shaping the nexus between the competition pressure from foreign imports and domestic firms' growth and innovation behaviour. Our results support the theoretical predictions of Aghion et al. (2005, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, pp. 701–728) that import competition stimulates the domestic firms' productivity growth and R&D expenditure if firms and their industries are close to the world frontier, but discourages such incentives for laggard firms and industries. The two forces highlighted by the model operate for imports under the ordinary‐trade regime, for collective and private firms, and for imports originated from high‐income countries. Our findings are robust after controlling the influence of foreign investment, the reverse causality of regressors and the short‐term business cycle fluctuations.
Paravertebral nerve block catheters using chloroprocaine in infants with prolonged mechanical ventilation for treatment of long‐gap esophageal atresia
Authors: Bairdain Sigrid , Dodson Brenda , Zurakowski David , Waisel David B. , Jennings Russell W. , Boretsky Karen R. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryBackgroundInfants with long‐gap esophageal atresia (LGEA) undergo repeated thoracotomies for staged surgical repair known as the Foker process (FP). Associated prolonged mechanical ventilation results in exposure to high doses of opioids and benzodiazepines, and prolonged weaning times and ICU stays.AimThe aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of short‐term paravertebral nerve block (PVNB) catheters in reducing opioid/benzodiazepine exposure and effects on clinical variables.MethodsThe medical records of seventeen infants were retrospectively reviewed; 11 with PVNB and six without (CG). PVNB were placed using ultrasound‐guidance and chloroprocaine infusions implemented in the ICU. Opioids and benzodiazepines were administered via the protocol for 5 days following thoracotomies for Foker‐I and Foker‐II.ResultsFoker‐I: Average reduction in morphine and midazolam consumption was 36% (2.18 vs 3.40 mg·kg−1·day−1; P < 0.001) and 31% (2.25 vs 3.25 mg·kg−1·day−1; P = 0.033), respectively, in the PVNB compared with CG. Foker‐II: Average reduction in morphine and midazolam consumption was 39% (3.19 vs 5.27 mg·kg−1·day−1) and 38% (3.46 mg·kg−1·day−1 vs 5.62; P < 0.001), respectively in the PVNB compared with CG. 24‐h prior to extubation: Average reduction in morphine and midazolam consumption was 50% (2.91 vs 5.85 mg·kg−1·24 h−1; p = 0.023) and 61% (2.27 vs 5.83 mg·kg−1·24 h−1; P = 0.004), respectively, in the PVNB compared with CG. Infusion wean time, (independence from opioid/midazolam infusions) following extubation was 5 days in the PVNB group and 15 days in CG (P = 0.005). Median ICU stay (IQR) was 40 days (34–45 days) in PVNB patients and 71 days (42–106 days) in controls (P = 0.02).PVNB catheters were left an average of 7 days and there were no complications associated with the nerve blocks.ConclusionShort‐term PVNB placement decreases opioid and benzodiazepine exposure, weaning days and ICU stay in infants undergoing prolonged mechanical ventilation for LGEA repair in this small pilot study. Larger studies are warranted to confirm results.
Development, characterization and mapping of microsatellite markers for lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)
Authors: Andeden Enver Ersoy , Baloch Faheem S. , Çakır Esra , Toklu Faruk , Özkan Hakan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractLentil is the sixth most important pulse crop terms of production in the world, but the number of available and mapped SSR markers are limited. To develop SSR markers in lentil, four genomic libraries for (CA)n, (GA)n, (AAC)n and (ATG)n repeats were constructed. A total of 360 SSR primers were designed and validated using 15 Turkish lentil cultivars and genotypes. The most polymorphic repeat motifs were GA and CT, with a mean number of alleles per locus of 7.80 and 6.55, respectively. Seventy‐eight SSR primers amplified a total of 400 polymorphic alleles, whereas 71 SSR primers produced markers within the expected size range. For 78 polymorphic SSR primers, the average number of alleles per locus was 5.1 and PIC value ranged from 0.07 to 0.89, with an average of 0.58. A linkage map was constructed using 92 individual F2 plants derived from a cross between Karacadağ × Silvan, with 47 SSR markers. The SSR markers developed in this study could be used for germplasm classification and identification and mapping of QTL in lentil.
Government Quality Measures: First Do No Harm
Authors: Lewis Julia B. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA technical expert panel (TEP) was convened to evaluate all available literature in the area of bone and mineral metabolism and advise the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid services on the creation and collection of quality measures. The proposed quality measures were evaluated for importance, usability, feasibility, and scientific acceptability. All are important parameters to avoid unintended harmful consequences of a quality measure causing harm to patients or to the delivery of their health care.
Red blood cell storage in additive solution‐7 preserves energy and redox metabolism: a metabolomics approach
Authors: D'Alessandro Angelo , Nemkov Travis , Hansen Kirk C. , Szczepiorkowski Zbigniew M. , Dumont Larry J. 
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUNDStorage and transfusion of red blood cells (RBCs) has a huge medical and economic impact. Routine storage practices can be ameliorated through the implementation of novel additive solutions (ASs) that tackle the accumulation of biochemical and morphologic lesion during routine cold liquid storage in the blood bank, such as the recently introduced alkaline solution AS‐7. Here we hypothesize that AS‐7 might exert its beneficial effects through metabolic modulation during routine storage.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSApheresis RBCs were resuspended either in control AS‐3 or experimental AS‐7, before ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry metabolomics analysis.RESULTSUnambiguous assignment and relative quantitation was achieved for 229 metabolites. AS‐3 and AS‐7 results in many similar metabolic trends over storage, with AS‐7 RBCs being more metabolically active in the first storage week. AS‐7 units had faster fueling of the pentose phosphate pathway, higher total glutathione pools, and increased flux through glycolysis as indicated by higher levels of pathway intermediates. Metabolite differences are especially observed at 7 days of storage, but were still maintained throughout 42 days.CONCLUSIONAS‐7 formulation (chloride free and bicarbonate loading) appears to improve energy and redox metabolism in stored RBCs in the early storage period, and the differences, though diminished, are still appreciable by Day 42. Energy metabolism and free fatty acids should be investigated as potentially important determinants for preservation of RBC structure and function. Future studies will be aimed at identifying metabolites that correlate with in vitro and in vivo circulation times.
Saving lives, maintaining safety, and science‐based policy: qualitative interview findings from the Blood Donation Rules Opinion Study (Blood DROPS)
Authors: Hughes Shana , Sheon Nicolas , Siedle‐Khan Bob , Custer Brian ,   for the NHLBI Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study‐III (REDS‐III)
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUNDIndefinite deferral from donation for any man who discloses having had sex with another man even once since 1977 (MSM77) is the US FDA's standing policy. This qualitative component of the Blood Donation Rules and Opinion Study was designed to provide insight into the perceptions and practices of current or previous donors with MSM history.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSForty human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐negative MSM completed an online survey, indicating that they had donated blood and were willing to be interviewed. Semistructured, individual interviews with these key informants covered donation experience and motivations, perceptions of MSM77, policy change preferences, and possible impact of a change to a time‐limited deferral. Transcripts were coded deductively and inductively, following a modified Grounded Theory approach. Analysis identified recurrent and divergent themes.RESULTSNinety‐five percent of participants endorsed modifying MSM77. Preferred deferral length ranged from none to 5 years; a common opinion was that a science‐based deferral period would be less than 1 year. Other policy change recommendations included incorporating questions about specific HIV risk behaviors to the donor questionnaire for all potential donors. Interviewees recognized HIV infection rates are higher in MSM than the general US population, but participants considered themselves low‐risk for HIV, donated blood “to save lives,” and justified their recommendations as being more effective ways to identify donors at risk for HIV.CONCLUSIONResults suggest that MSM donors are concerned with blood safety; they can be appealed to as such. Communications about a new deferral policy should include scientific explanations and acknowledge altruistic motivations of potential donors.
Indicators of Absorptive Capacity and Import‐induced South–North Convergence in Labour Intensities
Authors: Hübler Michael , Glas Alexander , Nunnenkamp Peter 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe hypothesise that North–South trade is associated with knowledge spillovers that create labour productivity gains depending on various aspects of Southern absorptive capacity. We use the novel World Input–Output Database (WIOD) that provides bilateral and bisectoral panel data for 39 countries and 35 sectors for 1995–2009. We examine growth in relative South–North labour intensities (South–North convergence) for 31 industrialised source and eight emerging recipient countries. We find strong evidence that various components and individual indicators of absorptive capacity interact with imports of investment goods in such a way that the relative labour intensity is reduced. GMM and GLS estimations corroborate the results. Policies that improve various of the identified aspects of absorptive capacity are more promising than policies that select only one. Elevating the absorptive capacity of emerging economies to the maximum level in the world would halve the South–North gap in labour intensities within a couple of decades if it were solely achieved through the trade channel.
EU Anti‐dumping and Tariff Cuts: Trade Policy Substitution?
Authors: Ketterer Tobias D. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe world trading system in its current form aims at reducing multilateral trade barriers across the board. Indeed, the last successfully concluded multilateral trade negotiations led to substantial tariff concessions on the part of most developed economies. What, however, happened to other forms of import protection? Have substantial tariff concessions subsequently been replaced by the use of alternative forms of import protection? In this paper we empirically investigate the relationship between negotiated external tariff cuts and the subsequent use of anti‐dumping actions by the EU. Evidence is found for larger Uruguay Round tariff cuts increasing the probability of subsequent anti‐dumping investigations.
Prioritizing Zoonotic Diseases: Differences in Perspectives Between Human and Animal Health Professionals in North America
Authors: Ng V. , Sargeant J. M. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryZoonoses pose a significant burden of illness in North America. Zoonoses represent an additional threat to public health because the natural reservoirs are often animals, particularly wildlife, thus eluding control efforts such as quarantine, vaccination and social distancing. As there are limited resources available, it is necessary to prioritize diseases in order to allocate resources to those posing the greatest public health threat. Many studies have attempted to prioritize zoonoses, but challenges exist. This study uses a quantitative approach, conjoint analysis (CA), to overcome some limitations of traditional disease prioritization exercises. We used CA to conduct a zoonoses prioritization study involving a range of human and animal health professionals across North America; these included epidemiologists, public health practitioners, research scientists, physicians, veterinarians, laboratory technicians and nurses. A total of 699 human health professionals (HHP) and 585 animal health professionals (AHP) participated in this study. We used CA to prioritize 62 zoonotic diseases using 21 criteria. Our findings suggest CA can be used to produce reasonable criteria scores for disease prioritization. The fitted models were satisfactory for both groups with a slightly better fit for AHP compared to HHP (84.4% certainty fit versus 83.6%). Human‐related criteria were more influential for HHP in their decision to prioritize zoonoses, while animal‐related criteria were more influential for AHP resulting in different disease priority lists. While the differences were not statistically significant, a difference of one or two ranks could be considered important for some individuals. A potential solution to address the varying opinions is discussed. The scientific framework for disease prioritization presented can be revised on a regular basis by updating disease criteria to reflect diseases as they evolve over time; such a framework is of value allowing diseases of highest impact to be identified routinely for resource allocation.