bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. isolation in maxillary osteomyelitis: a case report and literature review with special consideration of immunocompetent individuals
Authors: Zografos I. , Maistreli I.‐Z. , Sabatakakis A.‐A. , Chrysomali E. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe occurrence of maxillary osteomyelitis is rare in immunologically normal hosts. The nature of such infections is mainly polymicrobial, commonly attributable to micro‐organisms present in the oral cavity. A case of acute maxillary osteomyelitis with Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. infection is described in an otherwise healthy young female. Cases of maxillary osteomyelitis reported in immunocompetent individuals lacking any predisposing factors are also reviewed. The lesion presented as a painful bone swelling and incomplete wound healing after tooth extraction, showing radiolucency with irregular borders. The isolated microbial species were E. coli and Enterococcus spp. Contamination from an extra‐oral source through the wound may be implicated in the pathogenesis. A combination of surgical and antibiotic treatment proved to be successful. Nine maxillary osteomyelitis cases have been reported in the literature in immunocompetent individuals. Isolation of enteric bacteria was not described in any of those cases. Osteomyelitis should be included in the differential diagnosis of maxillary osteolytic lesions even in healthy individuals. The microbiological diagnosis is important for the antimicrobial intervention. This review shows that the main causative infectious agents in osteomyelitis remain unclear, as various bacteria have been reported to be involved.
Day length dependent restructuring of the leaf transcriptome and metabolome in potato genotypes with contrasting tuberization phenotypes
Authors: MORRIS WAYNE L. , HANCOCK ROBERT D. , DUCREUX LAURENCE J M. , MORRIS JENNY A. , USMAN MUHAMMAD , VERRALL SUSAN R. , SHARMA SANJEEV K , BRYAN GLENN , MCNICOL JAMES W. , HEDLEY PETE E. , TAYLOR MARK A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractRecent advances have defined some of the components of photoperiodic signalling that lead to tuberization in potato including orthologues of FLOWERING LOCUS T (StSP6A) and CYCLING DOF FACTOR (StCDF1). The aim of the current study is to investigate the molecular basis of permissive tuber initiation under long days in Solanum tuberosum Neo‐Tuberosum by comparative analysis with an obligate short‐day S. tuberosum ssp. Andigena accession. We show that the Neo‐Tuberosum accession, but not the Andigena, contains alleles that encode StCDF1 proteins modified in the C‐terminal region, likely to evade long day inhibition of StSP6A expression. We also identify an allele of StSP6A from the Neo‐Tuberosum accession, absent in the Andigena, which is expressed under long days. Other leaf transcripts and metabolites that show different abundances in tuberizing and non‐tuberizing samples were identified adding detail to tuberization‐associated processes. Overall, the data presented in this study highlight the subtle interplay between components of the clock‐CONSTANS‐StSP6A axis which collectively may interact to fine‐tune the timing of tuberization.
Accurate quantitation of D+ fetomaternal hemorrhage by flow cytometry using a novel reagent to eliminate granulocytes from analysis
Authors: Kumpel Belinda , Hazell Matthew , Guest Alan , Dixey Jonathan , Mushens Rosey , Bishop Debbie , Wreford‐Bush Tim , Lee Edmond 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundQuantitation of fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH) is performed to determine the dose of prophylactic anti‐D (RhIG) required to prevent D immunization of D– women. Flow cytometry (FC) is the most accurate method. However, maternal white blood cells (WBCs) can give high background by binding anti‐D nonspecifically, compromising accuracy.Study Design and MethodsMaternal blood samples (69) were sent for FC quantitation of FMH after positive Kleihauer‐Betke test (KBT) analysis and RhIG administration. Reagents used were BRAD‐3–fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC; anti‐D), AEVZ5.3‐FITC (anti–varicella zoster [anti‐VZ], negative control), anti‐fetal hemoglobin (HbF)‐FITC, blended two‐color reagents, BRAD‐3‐FITC/anti‐CD45‐phycoerythrin (PE; anti‐D/L), and BRAD‐3‐FITC/anti‐CD66b‐PE (anti‐D/G). PE‐positive WBCs were eliminated from analysis by gating. Full blood counts were performed on maternal samples and female donors.ResultsElevated numbers of neutrophils were present in 80% of patients. Red blood cell (RBC) indices varied widely in maternal blood. D+ FMH values obtained with anti‐D/L, anti‐D/G, and anti‐HbF‐FITC were very similar (r = 0.99, p < 0.001). Correlation between KBT and anti‐HbF‐FITC FMH results was low (r = 0.716). Inaccurate FMH quantitation using the current method (anti‐D minus anti‐VZ) occurred with 71% samples having less than 15 mL of D+ FMH (RBCs) and insufficient RhIG calculated for 9%. Using two‐color reagents and anti‐HbF‐FITC, approximately 30% patients had elevated F cells, 26% had no fetal cells, 6% had D– FMH, 26% had 4 to 15 mL of D+ FMH, and 12% patients had more than 15 mL of D+ FMH (RBCs) requiring more than 300 μg of RhIG.ConclusionWithout accurate quantitation of D+ FMH by FC, some women would receive inappropriate or inadequate anti‐D prophylaxis. The latter may be at risk of immunization leading to hemolytic disease of the newborn.
Subconjunctival hibernoma in a dog
Authors: Stuckey Jane A. , Rankin Amy J. , Romkes Gwendolyna , Slack Jessica , Kiupel Matti , Dubielzig Richard R. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA 10‐year‐old, castrated male, German Shepherd mixed‐breed dog was presented to Kansas State University Veterinary Health Center for evaluation of a subconjunctival swelling in the ventral fornix of the left orbit. The owner elected to pursue excision of the mass 2 years after initial consultation following a sudden change in the size and color of the lesion. An excisional biopsy was performed, and the mass along with its associated capsule were submitted to the Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin for histopathologic evaluation, which confirmed the diagnosis of a hibernoma. Fourteen months following excision, the patient showed no evidence of tumor regrowth.
Age-related and Genetic Modulation of Frontal Cortex Efficiency
Authors: Nyberg Lars , Andersson Micael , Kauppi Karolina , Lundquist Anders , Persson Jonas , Pudas Sara , Nilsson Lars-Göran 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The dorsolateral pFC (DLPFC) is a key region for working memory. It has been proposed that the DLPFC is dynamically recruited depending on task demands. By this view, high DLPFC recruitment for low-demanding tasks along with weak DLPFC upregulation at higher task demands reflects low efficiency. Here, the fMRI BOLD signal during working memory maintenance and manipulation was examined in relation to aging and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met status in a large representative sample (n = 287). The efficiency hypothesis predicts a weaker DLPFC response during manipulation, along with a stronger response during maintenance for older adults and COMT Val carriers compared with younger adults and COMT Met carriers. Consistent with the hypothesis, younger adults and met carriers showed maximal DLPFC BOLD response during manipulation, whereas older adults and val carriers displayed elevated DLPFC responses during the less demanding maintenance condition. The observed inverted relations support a link between dopamine and DLPFC efficiency.
The Role of the Cerebellum in Dynamic Changes of the Sense of Body Ownership: A Study in Patients with Cerebellar Degeneration
Authors: Fiorio Mirta , Mariotti Caterina , Panzeri Marta , Antonello Emanuele , Classen Joseph , Tinazzi Michele 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The sense of the body is deeply rooted in humans, and it can be experimentally manipulated by inducing illusions in at least two aspects: a subjective feeling of ownership and a proprioceptive sense of limb position. Previous studies mapped these different aspects onto anatomically distinct neuronal regions, with the ventral premotor cortex processing subjective experience of ownership and the inferior parietal lobule processing proprioceptive calibration. Lines of evidence suggest an involvement also of the cerebellum, but its precise role is not clear yet. To investigate the contribution of the cerebellum in the sense of body ownership, we applied the rubber-hand illusion paradigm in 28 patients affected by neurodegenerative cerebellar ataxia, selectively involving the cerebellum, and in 26 age-matched control participants. The rubber hand illusion is established by synchronous stroking of the participants' real unseen hand and a visible fake hand. Short asynchronous stroking does not bring about the illusion. We tested the subjective experience of the illusion, evaluated through a questionnaire and the proprioceptive drift of the real unseen hand toward the viewed rubber hand. In patients with cerebellar ataxia, we observed reduced sense of the subjective illusory experience specifically after synchronous stroking. In contrast, the proprioceptive drift was enhanced after synchronous and after asynchronous stimulation. These findings support the contention that the mechanisms underlying the presence of the illusion and the proprioceptive drift may be differently affected in different conditions. Impairment of the subjective sense of the illusion in cerebellar patients might hint at an involvement of cerebellar-premotor networks, whereas the proprioceptive drift typically associated with synchronous stroking appears to rely on other circuits, likely involving the cerebellum and the parietal regions.
Early Musical Training Is Linked to Gray Matter Structure in the Ventral Premotor Cortex and Auditory–Motor Rhythm Synchronization Performance
Authors: Bailey Jennifer Anne , Zatorre Robert J. , Penhune Virginia B. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Evidence in animals and humans indicates that there are sensitive periods during development, times when experience or stimulation has a greater influence on behavior and brain structure. Sensitive periods are the result of an interaction between maturational processes and experience-dependent plasticity mechanisms. Previous work from our laboratory has shown that adult musicians who begin training before the age of 7 show enhancements in behavior and white matter structure compared with those who begin later. Plastic changes in white matter and gray matter are hypothesized to co-occur; therefore, the current study investigated possible differences in gray matter structure between early-trained (ET; &lt;7) and late-trained (LT; &gt;7) musicians, matched for years of experience. Gray matter structure was assessed using voxel-wise analysis techniques (optimized voxel-based morphometry, traditional voxel-based morphometry, and deformation-based morphometry) and surface-based measures (cortical thickness, surface area and mean curvature). Deformation-based morphometry analyses identified group differences between ET and LT musicians in right ventral premotor cortex (vPMC), which correlated with performance on an auditory motor synchronization task and with age of onset of musical training. In addition, cortical surface area in vPMC was greater for ET musicians. These results are consistent with evidence that premotor cortex shows greatest maturational change between the ages of 6–9 years and that this region is important for integrating auditory and motor information. We propose that the auditory and motor interactions required by musical practice drive plasticity in vPMC and that this plasticity is greatest when maturation is near its peak.
Dendroclimatic Reconstruction at Kilometer-Scale Grid Points: A Case Study from the Great Basin of North America
Authors: Biondi Franco 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPreparing for future hydroclimatic variability greatly benefits from long (i.e., multicentury) records at seasonal to annual time steps that have been gridded at kilometer-scale spatial intervals over a geographic region. Kriging is commonly used for optimal interpolation of environmental data, and space–time geostatistical models can improve kriging estimates when long temporal sequences of observations exist at relatively few points on the landscape. A network of 22 tree-ring chronologies from single-leaf pinyon (Pinus monophylla) in the central Great Basin of North America was used to extend hydroclimatic records both temporally and spatially. First, the line of organic correlation (LOC) method was used to reconstruct October–May total precipitation anomalies at each tree-ring site, as these ecotonal environments at the lower forest border are typically moisture-limited areas. Individual site reconstructions were then combined using a hierarchical model of spatiotemporal kriging that produced annual anomaly maps on a 12 km × 12 km grid during the period in common among all chronologies (1650–1976). Hydroclimatic episodes were numerically identified using their duration, magnitude, and peak. Precipitation anomalies were spatially more variable during wet years than during dry years, and the evolution of drought episodes over space and time could be visualized and quantified. The most remarkable episode in the entire reconstruction was the early 1900s pluvial, followed by the late 1800s drought. The 1930s Dust Bowl drought was among the top 10 hydroclimatic episodes in the past few centuries. These results directly address the needs of water and natural resource managers with respect to planning for worst-case scenarios of drought duration and magnitude at the watershed level.
Scale-Dependent Dispersion within the Stratified Interior on the Shelf of Northern Monterey Bay
Authors: Moniz Ryan J. , Fong Derek A. , Woodson C. Brock , Willis Susan K. , Stacey Mark T. , Monismith Stephen G. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Autonomous underwater vehicle measurements are used to quantify lateral dispersion of a continuously released Rhodamine WT dye plume within the stratified interior of shelf waters in northern Monterey Bay, California. The along-shelf evolution of the plume’s cross-shelf (lateral) width provides evidence for scale-dependent dispersion following the 4/3 law, as previously observed in both surface and bottom layers. The lateral dispersion coefficient is observed to grow to 0.5 m2 s−1 at a distance of 700 m downstream of the dye source. The role of shear and associated intermittent turbulent mixing within the stratified interior is investigated as a driving mechanism for lateral dispersion. Using measurements of time-varying temperature and horizontal velocities, both an analytical shear-flow dispersion model and a particle-tracking model generate estimates of the lateral dispersion that agree with the field-measured 4/3 law of dispersion, without explicit appeal to any assumed turbulence structure.
Protein detection through different platforms of immuno-loop-mediated isothermal amplification
Authors: Pourhassan-Moghaddam Mohammad , Rahmati-Yamchi Mohammad , Akbarzadeh Abolfazl , Daraee Hadis , Nejati-Koshki Kazem , Hanifehpour Younes , Joo Sang Woo 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Different immunoassay-based methods have been devised to detect protein targets. These methods have some challenges that make them inefficient for assaying ultra-low-amounted proteins. ELISA, iPCR, iRCA, and iNASBA are the common immunoassay-based methods of protein detection, each of which has specific and common technical challenges making it necessary to introduce a novel method in order to avoid their problems for detection of target proteins. Here we propose a new method nominated as ‘immuno-loop-mediated isothermal amplification’ or ‘iLAMP’. This new method is free from the problems of the previous methods and has significant advantages over them. In this paper we also offer various configurations in order to improve the applicability of this method in real-world sample analyses. Important potential applications of this method are stated as well.
Natural OX40L expressed on human T cell leukemia virus type-I-immortalized T cell lines interferes with infection of activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells by CCR5-utilizing human immunodeficiency virus
Authors: Kasahara Daigo , Takara Azusa , Takahashi Yoshiaki , Kodama Akira , Tanaka Reiko , Ansari Aftab A , Tanaka Yuetsu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundOX40 ligand (OX40L) co-stimulates and differentiates T cells via ligation of OX40 that is transiently induced on T cells upon activation, resulting in prolonged T cell survival and enhanced cytokine production by T cells. This view has led to the targeting of OX40 as a strategy to boost antigen specific T cells in the context of vaccination. In addition, the ligation of OX40 has also been shown to inhibit infection by CCR5-utilizing (R5) but not CXCR4-utilizing (X4) human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) via enhancement of production of CCR5-binding β-chemokines. It was reasoned that human T cell leukemia virus type-I (HTLV-1) immortalized T cell lines that express high levels of OX40L could serve as an unique source of physiologically functional OX40L. The fact that HTLV-1+T cell lines simultaneously also express high levels of OX40 suggested a potential limitation.ResultsResults of our studies showed that HTLV-1+T cell lines bound exogenous OX40 but not OX40L, indicating that HTLV-1+T cell lines express an active form of OX40L but an inactive form of OX40. Anti-OX40 non-blocking monoclonal antibody (mAb), but not blocking mAb, stained HTLV-1+T cell lines, suggesting that the OX40 might be saturated with endogenous OX40L. Functionality of the OX40L was confirmed by the fact that a paraformaldehyde (PFA)-fixed HTLV-1+T cell lines inhibited the infection of autologous activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with R5 HIV-1 which was reversed by either anti-OX40L blocking mAb or a mixture of neutralizing mAbs against CCR5-binding β-chemokines.ConclusionsAltogether, these results demonstrated that autologous T cell lines immortalized by HTLV-1 can be utilized as a conventional source of physiologically functional OX40L.
Bovine brucellosis trends in Malaysia between 2000 and 2008
Authors: Anka Mukhtar S , Hassan Latiffah , Adzhar Azri , Khairani-Bejo Siti , Mohamad Ramlan Bin , Zainal Mohamed A 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
Bovine brucellosis is an important disease affecting cattle characterised by abortion, still birth, reduced milk production, weak foetus and infertility in both males and females. There is wide distribution of the disease among cattle and several wildlife species. Bovine brucellosis is commonly caused by B. abortus and very occasionally B. melitensis and B. suis. The distribution of bovine brucellosis in cattle has not been described in Malaysia. In this paper we describe the distribution, pattern and trend of bovine brucellosis in Peninsular Malaysia between 2000 and 2008 based on serological data obtained from nationwide B. abortus serosurveillance activities in cattle populations.

Results

Brucella antibodies were detected in 21.8% of sampled herds (95% CI, 21.01–22.59) and 2.5% (95% CI; 2.45–2.55) of sampled cattle. The state of Pahang had the highest animal and herd-level seroprevalence of 5.3 and 43.6%, respectively. The herd-level seroprevalence varied but remained high (18-26%) over the period of study and generally increased from 2000 to 2008. Seropositive herds clustered around the central part of the peninsula within the period of the study. The months of September, October and November illustrated the highest rates with corresponding seroprevalences of 33.2, 38.4 and 33.9%, respectively. A noticeable variation was observed in the cattle-level seroprevalence, but the rate remained relatively low (<5%). The chi-square statistics showed herd size (χ2 = 1206.077, df = 2, p = 0.001), breed (χ2 = 37.429, df = 1, p = 0.001), month of sampling (χ2 = 51.596, df = 11 p = 0.001), year (χ2 = 40.08, df = 8, p = 0.001) and state (χ2 = 541.038, df = 10, p = 0.001) to be associated with increased seropositivity.

Conclusion
Bovine brucellosis is widespread among herds in Peninsular Malaysia at a low within-herd seroprevalence rate.
Cytokine signaling-1 suppressor is inducible by IL-1beta and inhibits the catabolic effects of IL-1beta in chondrocytes: its implication in the paradoxical joint-protective role of IL-1beta
Authors: Choi Yong Seok , Park Jin Kyun , Kang Eun Ha , Lee Young-Kyun , Kim Tae Kyun , Chung Jin-Haeng , Zimmerer Jason M , Carson William E , Song Yeong Wook , Lee Yun Jong 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Although IL-1β is believed to be crucial in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA), the IL-1β blockade brings no therapeutic benefit in human OA and results in OA aggravation in several animal models. We explored the role of a cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) suppressor as a regulatory modulator of IL-1β signaling in chondrocytes.

Methods
Cartilage samples were obtained from patients with knee OA and those without OA who underwent surgery for femur-neck fracture. SOCS1 expression in cartilage was assessed with immunohistochemistry. IL-1β-induced SOCS1 expression in chondrocytes was analyzed with quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunoblot. The effect of SOCS1 on IL-1β signaling pathways and the synthesis of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and aggrecanase-1 was investigated in SOCS1-overexpressing or -knockdown chondrocytes.

Results
SOCS1 expression was significantly increased in OA cartilage, especially in areas of severe damage (P < 0.01). IL-1β stimulated SOCS1 mRNA expression in a dose-dependent pattern (P < 0.01). The IL-1β-induced production of MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-13, and ADAMTS-4 (aggrecanase-1, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 4) was affected by SOCS1 overexpression or knockdown in both SW1353 cells and primary human articular chondrocytes (all P values < 0.05). The inhibitory effects of SOCS1 were mediated by blocking p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation, and by downregulating transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) expression.

Conclusions
Our results show that SOCS1 is induced by IL1-β in OA chondrocytes and suppresses the IL-1β-induced synthesis of matrix-degrading enzymes by inhibiting IL-1β signaling at multiple levels. It suggests that the IL-1β-inducible SOCS1 acts as a negative regulator of the IL-1β response in OA cartilage.