bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical Screening of Artocarpus odoratissimus (Marang) Seed Extract and Its Antimicrobial Potential against Staphylococcus aureus & Escherichia coli
Authors: Jr Genaro F. Alderite 
Published: July 2024

Aims: Artocarpus odoratissimus, often called locally as "Marang," is well-known in the Philippines for its economic and nutritional value. No phytochemical studies have been conducted on Artocarpus odoratissimus cultivated locally in Davao City. The purpose of this study is to establish an initial chemical profile of the species by examining the secondary metabolites found in Artocarpus odoratissimus seed ethanol and methanol extract and determining their antimicrobial activity against selected soil microorganisms, particularly Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.
Study Design: Laboratory experiments were conducted at San Pedro College, Davao City, to assess the qualitative phytochemical components and antibacterial activity of crude ethanolic and methanolic extracts of A. odoratissimus against selected soil bacteria.
Place and Duration of Study: At San Pedro College, the study was conducted in the science laboratories between December 2022.
Methodology: Seed extracts were prepared using ethanol and methanol solvents through maceration techniques. Standard methods were employed to identify the presence of various phytochemicals qualitatively. The disc diffusion method was utilized to assess the effectiveness of the extracts against specific bacterial strains, including E. coli and S. aureus. The extent of inhibition zone formation was measured to determine the antimicrobial potential.
Results: Qualitative analysis revealed the presence of various secondary metabolites in Artocarpus odoratissimus seed extracts, including flavonoids, tannins, phenolics, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, and alkaloids. Furthermore, the seed extracts exhibited limited antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus as determined by the zone of inhibition assay.
Conclusion: Seed extracts from Artocarpus odoratissimus showed promise due to the presence of health-promoting compounds. While initial tests against bacteria were limited, further research can improve extraction methods and explore how these compounds work together for broader antibacterial effects. Future studies should also precisely measure the compounds, test against more bacteria, and explore potential uses based on the extract's profile.
Aquatic Insects Consumed in Togo: Diversity and Nutritional Potential
Authors: Badanaro Fegbawe , Tagba Pelei , Melila Mamatchi 
Published: July 2024

This study identified the species of aquatic insects consumed in Togo, and determined the chemical composition of the most common species (Cybister tripunctatus (Sharp, 1882) (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)). This was achieved through ethnoentomological surveys and species identification at the insectarium of the University of Lomé and it provided information on aquatic insects consumed in Togo. Samples of C. tripunctatus were collected in the three localities where ethnoentomological surveys were carried out. Ash, protein, vitamin and lipid contents were determined according to AOAC reference methods. Fiber content was determined using the Weende method. Minerals were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and colorimetry. Lipid composition in fatty acids was determined by gas chromatography, and protein composition in amino acids was determined by separation of amino acids using the Biochrom 30+ analyzer. Forty-five out of 120 people interviewed from the Moba ethnic group said they occasionally consumed adult dytics. Four species consumed by this aborigine population was identified. None of these species is sold commercially. According to the respondents, the consumption of dytics is motivated by their nutritional and therapeutic virtues. C. tripunctatus consists of 10.32% moisture, 36.52% proteins, 26.98% lipids, 12.60% fibers, 4.94% carbohydrates, and has an energy value of 1804.19 kJ/100g. All essential amino acids are present in C. tripunctatus. Lipids are rich in unsaturated fatty acids, particularly essential fatty acids. In terms of micronutrient composition, the species studied is rich in minerals and vitamins. The mineral content is 10.32% and depends on the nature of the minerals present. Vitamins content also varies. The ratios of minerals, and fatty acids are balanced. These data show the socio-economic importance of dytics consumed in Togo and the quantitative and qualitative richness of C. tripunctatus in nutrients. This species could therefore contribute to the nutritional balance of consumers.
Implicações da pós-verdade no comportamento informacional e em informações de saúde
Authors: Suedde Shirley de Souza Felix , Barbosa Ana Cibele de Oliveira , Souza Marco Tulio Moreira de , Santos Vagner Marcelo Ramos , Santos José Carlos Sales dos 
Published: July 2024

A pós-verdade, caracterizada pelo uso sistemático de informações enganosas, distorcidas ou falsas para moldar a opinião pública, tem se tornado uma preocupação crescente na sociedade contemporânea e têm causado impactos significativos no comportamento informacional das pessoas. O presente artigo objetiva analisar as implicações da pós verdade no comportamento informacional e em informações de saúde. A metodologia utilizada é uma revisão de literatura, e o resultado de inúmeras discussões realizadas no grupo de pesquisa “Laboratório de Pesquisa em Comportamento Informacional”. Utilizamos visões de diferentes autores, que compõem os principais entendimentos sobre a origem, conceitos e as implicações da pós-verdade no comportamento informacional, demonstrando como afeta a confiança nas fontes de informação, nas relações sociais, no processo de tomada de decisões. Foram explorados diversos aspectos relacionados à desinformação, incluindo sua definição, o papel do comportamento informacional na sua propagação, as motivações que impulsionam sua disseminação, os aspectos psicológicos, sociais envolvidos nesse processo e como também o impacto da pós-verdade e de fake News em informações de saúde. Concluímos, destacando a importância de se combater os efeitos negativos da pós-verdade, promovendo a educação informacional, literacia em saúde, o pensamento crítico, capacitando as pessoas a verificar fontes, avaliar a credibilidade dos conteúdos e entender a importância de fontes mediadas e responsáveis.
construção de diagnósticos arquivísticos: considerações sobre a aplicação da técnica 5W2H na atividade diagnóstica
Authors: Lourenço Felipe Teixeira , Carneiro Andressa Glenda Rodrigues , Silveira Ana Paula de Alcântara 
Published: July 2024

O diagnóstico arquivístico é a pedra angular que irá nortear todas as demais atividades arquivísticas. Entendemos que uma forma adequada de sistematizar os resultados apresentados no diagnóstico arquivístico é através da ferramenta metodológica do 5w2h. Esta ferramenta consiste em uma estratégia para estruturar pensamentos, ideias, planejamento e possíveis ações de forma organizada e material através de respostas as seguintes palavras: what, when, why, where, who, how e how Much. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo é refletir sobre a seguinte pergunta norteadora: a utilização da ferramenta metodológica 5w2h pode auxiliar o diagnóstico arquivístico de forma a potencializar suas características de ação política e mediadora da informação de maneira a dar maior visibilidade não apenas ao arquivo, enquanto unidade administrativa, mas também ao profissional arquivista? Para tanto, utilizamos a base de dados da Bracpi no intuito de promover uma revisão bibliográfica de literatura na área da Ciência da Informação que possibilite ponderar acerca da questão proposta neste artigo E a partir da análise da literatura propomos um modelo de diagnóstico arquivístico que se utiliza da técnica 5w2h. Conclui-se que há real possibilidade de que o uso do modelo aqui proposto pode ocasionar melhoria na comunicação entre as áreas, maior destaque do profissional arquivista e aumento de aprovações de suas ações.
Pharmaceutical Bioburden Testing
Authors: Hentz, PhD Nathaniel G. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractManufacturing of pharmaceutical products, whether small molecules or biotherapeutics such as oligonucleotides, monoclonal antibodies, recombinant proteins, vaccines, and blood and plasma products are under regulatory control which demands various safety, efficacy and quality measures. This overview focuses on bioburden and microbial contamination detection, which are critical to overall pharmaceutical product safety. Not only the pharmaceutical products but also the entire manufacturing process from incoming raw materials to fill/finish and final product is tested. Bioburden and microbial detection are also required for process validation, cleaning validation, aseptic operation, qualification of water systems, and personnel monitoring. Included in this overview are the considerations necessary for successful microbial detection as well as some common procedures that are currently used in industry. Since standard industry methodologies rely on microbial growth as part of bioburden testing, a huge lag time exists between sampling and reporting. Therefore, a review of newer, more rapid methodologies is presented. Although newer technologies exist, regulatory hurdles still have to be overcome. As pharmaceutical companies continue to adopt newer technologies for their regulatory filings, there is no doubt that these rapid technologies will become suitable alternatives.
The Hydroxide‐Promoted Catalytic Hydrodefluorination of Fluorocarbons by Ruthenium in Aqueous Media
Authors: Konnick Michael M. , Bischof Steven M. , Periana Roy A. , Hashiguchi Brian G. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA ruthenium complex ligated by the non‐innocent protic ligand 2,6‐imidizoylpyridine (IPI) in aqueous potassium hydroxide media is shown to be a suitable catalyst for the CF bond activation and subsequent hydrodefluorination (and hydrogenolysis) of a model fluorocarbon. Furthermore, the conversion of CF bonds was enhanced upon increasing the concentration of potassium hydroxide [KOH]. A simple, non‐ligated heterogeneous analogue derived from ruthenium(III) trichloride trihydrate dissolved in aqueous potassium hydroxide is shown to be an even more active catalyst, capable of hydrodefluorination of aryl fluorocarbons at room temperature and alkyl fluorocarbons under more forcing conditions.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrogenation of (E)‐Enol Acetate Acids
Authors: Arena Giada , Barreca Giuseppe , Carcone Luca , Cini Elena , Marras Giovanni , Nedden Hans G. , Rasparini Marcello , Roseblade Stephen , Russo Adele , Taddei Maurizio , Zanotti‐Gerosa Antonio 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe novel rhodium complex [Rh(S)‐Phanephos(cod)]‐catalyzed hydrogenation of disubstituted (E)‐enol acetate carboxylic acids is reported. The catalytic cycle works under 30 bar of hydrogen under conventional heating giving different 3‐acetoxy‐2,3‐disubstituted carboxylic acids with ee ≥90%. Hydrogenation occurred also under microwave dielectric heating without eroding the enantioselectivity but improving the overall efficiency of the process. With microwaves, hydrogen pressure and reaction time required for complete hydrogenation dropped to 5 bar and 30 min, respectively. The best performance of this catalyst under microwave irradiation was TON 100, TOF 196 h−1 with ee 99% on a 6‐g scale.
Implications of Agglomeration Economies and Market Access for Firm Growth in Food Manufacturing
Authors: Schmit Todd M. , Hall Jeffrey S. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTWith the persistent changes in technology and increased competition in food manufacturing, it is important to reassess the effects of agglomeration economies and market access on the performance of firms. Using survey data from New York food processors, an ordered logit analysis reveals that firm growth is related to important upstream and downstream market condiations. The clustering of similar manufacturers was found to have important effects on firm revenue growth, with the benefits of firm clustering increasing significantly with the level of local urbanization. For these reasons, policies that promote intra‐industry or cross‐industry collaboration would likely benefit food manufacturers, but these benefits would not be limited to firms in close geographic proximity to one another. Moreover, in rural areas especially, manufacturing firms and community planners need to be aware of possible negative effects of competition from growing concentrations of firms so that these issues can be addressed before local business growth is adversely affected.
Indium Tin Oxide Electrode Modified by a NH2+ Ion Implantation Technique for Determination of Melamine
Authors: Zhang Mingxing , Hu Jingbo 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop a novel, reliable and highly sensitive electrochemical method for detection of melamine. 1.0×10−4 M melamine was hydrolyzed to ammeline in 0.5 M H2SO4 at 80 °C for 20 min. Subsequently it was electrochemically detected by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.0) at NH2/ITO electrode. The method detected melamine in the linear range of 1.0×10−10–5.0×10−8 M and the detection limit was 3.0×10−11 M. The method had been successfully applied to the determination of melamine in milk powder and human urine samples.
Voltammetric Determination of Iron(III) in Water
Authors: Lu Min , Compton Richard G. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA square wave voltammetric procedure for the determination of trace amounts of Fe(III) was developed at an unmodified edge plane pyrolytic graphite (EPPG) electrode and a screen printed electrode (SPE). This simple procedure was applied to real samples of commercially bottled mineral water. Sensitive results in the micromolar region could be achieved without modification of the electrode. Using the WHO guideline limits for the Fe(III) concentration in drinking water, recovery percentages at an EPPG gave 103 % and 107 %, and 98.6 % and 95.0 % at a SPE for the 5.36 µM (0.3 mg L−1) and 53.6 µM (3.0 mg L−1) additions of Fe(III), respectively.
Discussion on the article ‘Coastal and inland karst morphologies driven by sea level stands: a GIS based method for their evaluation' by Canora F, Fidelibus D and Spilotro G
Authors: Waele Jo De , Parise Mario 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTComments are presented on the article by Canora et al. (2012) dealing with karst morphologies driven by sea level stands in the Murge plateau of Apulia, southern Italy. Our comments start from cave levels, that are considered in the cited article as a proof of sea level stands. We argue that the presence of sub‐horizontal passages in cave systems is not a sufficient condition for correlating them with hypothetical past sea level stands. Such a correlation must be based upon identification of speleogenetic features within the karst systems, and/or geological field data. The problems encountered when using cave surveys for scientific research, and their low reliability (especially in the case of old surveys) are then treated, since they represent a crucial point in the paper object of this discussion. Eventually, we present some final consideration on cave levels and terraces, and on the specific case study, pointing out once again to the need in including geological field data to correctly find a correspondance between flat landforms and sea level fluctuations. Our main conclusion is that field data and information on speleogenesis of the underground karst landforms cannot be disregarded in a study that claims to deal with the influence of sea‐level changes on caves. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of rotation on the metal rain in a Hadean magma ocean
Authors: Moeller A. , Hansen U. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractToday, it is widely accepted that during its early evolution, the Earth experienced a magma ocean that covered most of its surface. The separation of metal from silicate was much facilitated in the environment of such a magma ocean. The differentiation mechanism is known as the “metal‒rain scenario”. Our study will focus on the settling dynamics of these metal droplets. Because of the low viscosity of molten silicate and a higher rotation period of the Earth at that time the rotation has a potentially strong influence on the dynamics of the magma ocean. We use numerical 3D fluid simulations to analyze the combined effects of strong rotation and convection on the settling of the iron droplets. We show that the influence of rotation on the settling depends on the latitude. At the poles, the influence of rotation is only marginal. At the equator, three different scenarios can be distinguished. First, at low rotation rates, the particles form a dense layer at the bottom. Second, for strong rotation, the particles stay mostly suspended and layers form in the temperature field. Third, at higher rotation rates, the particles form a ribbon‒like structure in the middle of the box. The influence of rotation on the iron droplets may lead to a scenario where part of the iron is kept in the mantle instead of transported to the core. This would have a strong influence on the later states of the differentiation process and the amount of siderophile elements in the mantle.
Irreversible mass loss of Canadian Arctic Archipelago glaciers
Authors: Lenaerts Jan T. M. , van Angelen Jan H. , van den Broeke Michiel R. , Gardner Alex S. , Wouters Bert , van Meijgaard Erik 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) contains the largest volume of glacier ice on Earth outside of Antarctica and Greenland. In the absence of significant calving, CAA glacier mass balance is governed by the difference between surface snow accumulation and meltwater runoff—surface mass balance. Here we use a coupled atmosphere/snow model to simulate present‐day and 21st century CAA glacier surface mass balance. Through comparison with Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment mass anomalies and in situ observations, we show that the model is capable of representing present‐day CAA glacier mass loss, as well as the dynamics of the seasonal snow cover on the CAA tundra. Next, we force this model until 2100 with a moderate climate warming scenario (AR5 RCP4.5). We show that enhanced meltwater runoff from CAA glaciers is not sufficiently compensated by increased snowfall. Extrapolation of these results toward an AR5 multimodel ensemble results in sustained 21st century CAA glacier mass loss in the vast majority (>99%) of the ~7000 temperature realizations.
Near real‐time monitoring of volcanic surface deformation from GPS measurements at Long Valley Caldera, California
Authors: Ji Kang Hyeun , Herring Thomas A. , Llenos Andrea L. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractLong Valley Caldera in eastern California is an active volcanic area and has shown continued unrest in the last three decades. We have monitored surface deformation from Global Positioning System (GPS) data by using a projection method that we call Targeted Projection Operator (TPO). TPO projects residual time series with secular rates and periodic terms removed onto a predefined spatial pattern. We used the 2009–2010 slow deflation as a target spatial pattern. The resulting TPO time series shows a detailed deformation history including the 2007–2009 inflation, the 2009–2010 deflation, and a recent inflation that started in late‐2011 and is continuing at the present time (November 2012). The recent inflation event is about four times faster than the previous 2007–2009 event. A Mogi source of the recent event is located beneath the resurgent dome at about 6.6 km depth at a rate of 0.009 km3/yr volume change. TPO is simple and fast and can provide a near real‐time continuous monitoring tool without directly looking at all the data from many GPS sites in this potentially eruptive volcanic system.
Variations of OH radical in an urban plume inferred from NO2 column measurements
Authors: Valin L. C. , Russell A. R. , Cohen R. C. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe evolution of atmospheric composition downwind of a city depends strongly on the concentration of OH within the plume. We use space‐based observations of NO2, a molecule that affects both the sources and sinks of OH, to examine the functional dependence of OH concentration on the speed of the wind over Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. These observations illustrate the nonlinear dependence of the OH concentration on NO2 and on the rate of atmospheric mixing. We derive a range of NOx lifetimes of 5.5–8.0 h, lifetimes that correspond to an effective plume‐averaged OH concentration of 7.6 × 106 molecules cm–3 at fast (26 km h–1) and 5.2 × 106 molecules cm–3 at slow (4 km h–1) wind speeds.
The effect of domain size on the relationship between circulation type classifications and surface climate
Authors: Beck Christoph , Philipp Andreas , Streicher Florian 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThe ability of circulation type classifications (CTCs) to resolve surface climatic and environmental variables is essential with respect to their application in synoptic climatological applications. This ‘synoptic skill’ depends on several factors including inherent properties of classification methods but as well varying boundary conditions. In this contribution the relevance of the size of the spatial domain for which CTCs are derived is investigated. To this end varying automated CTCs are applied to daily gridded sea level pressure data for 1950–2010 and in each case eight spatial domains of varying size centred around 44 locations spread over the greater north Atlantic European region. For the resulting more than 7000 CTCs the synoptic skill for daily temperature and precipitation taken from the E‐OBS v4.0 data set has been estimated using varying evaluation metrics. Resulting values of evaluation metrics aggregated according to varying domain sizes reveal a distinct influence of the size of the domain on the synoptic skill of CTCs. In general highest skill appears to be achieved for domain sizes with a horizontal dimension of roughly 1300–1800 km (in west–east direction) thus covering most frequent size ranges of synoptic scale systems. However, optimal domain sizes tend to be smaller for precipitation (compared to temperature) in summer (compared to winter) and in more continental regions (compared to more oceanic regions). Distinct deviations from the overall finding of relatively small optimal domains emerge for temperatures above/below certain thresholds for which in certain locations and seasons continental scale domains yield highest synoptic skill. Finally the comparison of varying CTCs concerning the effect of the domain size for synoptic skill shows marked differences between methods and moreover clearly elucidates that differences in synoptic skill that can be attributed to varying domain sizes reach comparable magnitude than those related to differing methods.