bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small‐Particle High‐Solid‐Content Bimodal Latexes: Highly Crosslinked Small Particles as Pseudo‐Inert Nanofillers
Authors: Moraes Raul P. , Hutchinson Robin A. , McKenna Timothy F. L. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractHigh‐solid‐content low‐viscosity bimodal latexes with very small particles (<200 nm) are obtained using two emulsion polymerization approaches. In the first approach, the PSD is controlled by using highly crosslinked nanolatex particles (<30 nm) as seeds for the small mode to minimize their growth during the growth of the large mode. These particles are shown to grow at a volumetric rate that is 25 times lower than the larger particles. Latexes with 57 wt% solids content and viscosities <1400 mPa · s at 20 s−1 are produced. The second approach is based on the re‐nucleation of the small particles by addition of a shot of surfactant in the presence of large particles to produce bimodal latexes. Latexes with 60 wt% solid content with viscosity of 490 mPa · s at 20 s−1 are produced using this approach. magnified image
Effectiveness of second corticosteroid injections for carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Ashworth Nigel L. , Bland Jeremy D.P. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTIntroductionA single local corticosteroid injection is an effective treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome. No study has specifically examined the effectiveness of a second injection on relapse after primary injection.MethodsWe identified a cohort of patients who had received an initial corticosteroid injection into 1 wrist and then, at a later date, a second injection into the same wrist. We compared the change in the Boston Symptom Severity Scale (SSS) and Functional Status Scale (FSS) between first and second injections.ResultsIn 229 patients who received 2 injections the mean improvement on the SSS was 1.2 (SD = 0.8) for the first injection and 1.3 (SD = 0.9) for the second, which was not statistically significant. Improvement in FSS for the first injection was 0.4 (SD = 0.8) and 0.7 (SD = 0.8) for the second, which was statistically significant (P < 0.001).ConclusionSecond corticosteroid injections appear to be at least as effective as the first. Muscle Nerve, 2013
Prognostic utility of autoantibodies to α‐enolase and Hsp70 for cancer of the gingivo‐buccal complex using immunoproteomics
Authors: Pranay Atul , Shukla Sanjeev , Kannan Sadhana , Malgundkar Siddhi A. , Govekar Rukmini B. , Patil Asawari , Kane Shubhada V. , Chaturvedi Pankaj , D'Cruz Anil K. , Zingde Surekha M. 
Published: November 2012

PurposeStudies from our laboratory have reported 14 tumor antigens that elicit an autoantibody response in patients with cancer of the gingivobuccal complex (GBC) In this study, utility of the autoantibody response has been evaluated for prognosis of cancer of the GBC.Experimental designAutoantibody response was evaluated using immunoproteomics and the prognostic significance was assessed by Kaplan‐Meier survival and multivariate analysis.ResultsAutoantibody response against α‐enolase isoforms a, b, and c and Hsp70 was detected in 27, 53, 64, and 26% of the 78 patients, respectively. Patients positive for autoantibody response to α‐ENO and Hsp70 individually and in combination, showed significantly reduced disease‐free survival (DFS) compared to those who do not show autoantibody response to either of them. Further the patients, who exhibit autoantibody response to α‐ENO and Hsp70 in combination with nodal involvement and/or differentiation status, have significantly lowered DFS. The relative risk of recurrence is 3.41 for patients who exhibit autoantibody response to both the antigens.Conclusions and clinical relevanceAutoantibody response against α‐ENO and Hsp70 provides an additional parameter and may be utilized along with nodal involvement and differentiation status for better prognosis of cancer of GBC.
Solar cell efficiency enhancement via light trapping in printable resonant dielectric nanosphere arrays
Authors: Grandidier Jonathan , Weitekamp Raymond A. , Deceglie Michael G. , Callahan Dennis M. , Battaglia Corsin , Bukowsky Colton R. , Ballif Christophe , Grubbs Robert H. , Atwater Harry A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractResonant dielectric structures are a promising platform for addressing the key challenge of light trapping in thin‐film solar cells. We experimentally and theoretically demonstrate efficiency enhancements in solar cells from dielectric nanosphere arrays. Two distinct amorphous silicon photovoltaic architectures were improved using this versatile light‐trapping platform. In one structure, the colloidal monolayer couples light into the absorber in the near‐field acting as a photonic crystal light‐trapping element. In the other, it acts in the far‐field as a graded index antireflection coating to further improve a cell which already included a state‐of‐the‐art random light‐trapping texture to achieve a conversion efficiency over 11%. For the near‐field flat cell architecture, we directly fabricated the colloidal monolayer on the device through Langmuir–Blodgett deposition in a scalable process that does not degrade the active material. In addition, we present a novel transfer printing method, which utilizes chemical crosslinking of an optically thin adhesion layer to tether sphere arrays to the device surface. The minimally invasive processing conditions of this transfer method enable the application to a wide range of solar cells and other optoelectronic devices. magnified image
False‐color SEM image of an amorphous silicon solar cell with resonant spheres on top.
International assessment: A Rasch model and teachers' evaluation of TIMSS science achievement items
Authors: Glynn Shawn M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) is a comparative assessment of the achievement of students in many countries. In the present study, a rigorous independent evaluation was conducted of a representative sample of TIMSS science test items because item quality influences the validity of the scores used to inform educational policy in those countries. The items had been administered internationally to 16,009 students in their eighth year of formal schooling. The evaluation had three components. First, the Rasch model, which emphasizes high quality items, was used to evaluate the items psychometrically. Second, readability and vocabulary analyses were used to evaluate the wording of the items to ensure they were comprehensible to the students. And third, item development guidelines were used by a focus group of science teachers to evaluate the items in light of the TIMSS assessment framework, which specified the format, content, and cognitive domains of the items. The evaluation components indicated that the majority of the items were of high quality, thereby contributing to the validity of TIMSS scores. These items had good psychometric characteristics, readability, vocabulary, and compliance with the assessment framework. Overall, the items tended to be difficult: constructed response items assessing reasoning or application were the most difficult, and multiple choice items assessing knowledge or application were less difficult. The teachers revised some of the sampled items to improve their clarity of content, conciseness of wording, and fit with format specifications. For TIMSS, the findings imply that some of the non‐sampled items may need revision, too. For researchers and teachers, the findings imply that the TIMSS science items and the Rasch model are valuable resources for assessing the achievement of students. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 49: 1321–1344, 2012
Impacts of enemy‐mediated effects and the additivity of interactions in an insect trophic system
Authors: Reigada Carolina , Araujo Sabrina Borges Lino , de Aguiar Marcus Aloizio Martinez , Gião Juliana Zibordi , Guimarães Paulo Roberto , Trinca Luzia Aparecida , Godoy Wesley Augusto Conde 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn this study, we used data from both experiments and mathematical simulations to analyze the consequences of the interacting effects of intraguild predation (IGP), cannibalism and parasitism occurring in isolation and simultaneously in trophic interactions involving two blowfly species under shared parasitism. We conducted experiments to determine the short‐term response of two blowfly species to these interactions with respect to their persistence. A mathematical model was employed to extend the results obtained from these experiments to the long‐term consequences of these interactions for the persistence of the blowfly species. Our experimental results revealed that IGP attenuated the strength of the effects of cannibalism and parasitism between blowfly host species, increasing the probability of persistence of both populations. The simulations obtained from the mathematical model indicated that IGP is a key interaction for the long‐term dynamics of this system. The presence of different species interacting in a tri‐trophic system relaxed the severity of the effects of a particular interaction between two species, changing species abundances and promoting persistence through time. This pattern was related to indirect interactions with a third species, the parasitoid species included in this study.
Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment subtypes in patients attending a memory outpatient clinic—comparison of two modes of mild cognitive impairment classification. Results of the Vienna Conversion to Dementia Study
Authors: Pusswald Gisela , Moser Doris , Gleiß Andreas , Janzek‐Hawlat Stefan , Auff Eduard , Dal‐Bianco Peter , Lehrner Johann 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundEarly detection of dementia is becoming more and more important owing to the advent of pharmacologic treatment.ObjectiveThe goals of this study were to establish prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subtypes in an outpatient memory clinic cohort using two different modes of MCI determination.DesignConsecutive patients complaining of cognitive problems who came to the memory outpatient clinic for assessment of a possible cognitive disorder were included in the study.SettingAcademic medical center.ParticipantsSix hundred eighty consecutive patients complaining about cognitive problems who came to the memory outpatient clinic for assessment of a possible cognitive disorder and fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the study. For 676 patients, sufficient data for MCI classification were available.ResultsCategorizing MCI patients into MCI subtypes according to the minimum mode of MCI classification revealed the following results: 106 patients (15.7%) were categorized as cognitively healthy, whereas 570 patients (84.3%) met the criteria for MCI. MCI patients were subtyped as amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) single domain (31 patients; 4.6%), aMCI multiple domain (226 patients; 33.4%), non‐aMCI single domain (125 patients; 18.5%), and non‐aMCI multiple domain (188 patients; 27.8%). Categorizing MCI patients into MCI subtypes according to the mean mode of MCI classification revealed the following results: 409 patients (60.5%) were categorized as cognitively healthy, whereas 267 patients (39.5%) met the criteria for MCI. MCI patients were subtyped as aMCI single domain (47 patients; 6.9%), aMCI multiple domain (57 patients; 8.5%), non‐aMCI single domain (97 patients; 14.3%), and non‐aMCI multiple domain (66 patients; 9.8%).ConclusionMCI diagnosis frequencies are substantially affected by the criteria used for estimation of MCI. The effect of modifying the presence of impairment on a single cognitive measure versus the presence of impairment on a mean composite score of a certain domain differed considerably, ranging from 39.5% to 84.3%, indicating the importance of the development of guidelines for operationalizing MCI.
Effects of Maternal Worm Infections and Anthelminthic Treatment during Pregnancy on Infant Motor and Neurocognitive Functioning
Authors: Nampijja Margaret , Apule Barbara , Lule Swaib , Akurut Hellen , Muhangi Lawrence , Webb Emily L. , Lewis Charlie , Elliott Alison M. , Alcock Katie J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe tested the hypothesis that maternal worm infections in pregnancy affect infant motor and neurocognitive development, and that anthelminthic treatment during pregnancy can reverse these effects. We used measures which examine infant motor, cognitive and executive function, including inhibition. We assessed 983 Ugandan infants aged 15 months, using locally appropriate measures within the Entebbe Mother and Baby Study, a trial of anthelminthic treatment during pregnancy. Key exposures were maternal worm infections and anthelminthic treatment during pregnancy. Effects of other health and social factors were controlled for statistically. Of the five major worm species found in the pregnant women, two had influences on the developmental measures: MaternalMansonella perstansandStrongyloides stercoralisinfections showed negative associations with the A-not B-task, and Language, respectively. Performance on other psychomotor and cognitive measures was associated with illnesses during infancy and infants’ behavior during assessment, but not with maternal worm infections. There were no positive effects of maternal anthelminthic treatment on infant abilities.Mansonella perstansandStrongyloides stercoralisinfection during pregnancy seem associated with impaired early executive function and language, respectively, but single-dose anthelminthic treatment during pregnancy was not beneficial. The biological mechanisms that could underlie these neurocognitive effects are discussed. (JINS, 2012,18, 1019–1030)
Acute Cognitive and Behavioral Effects of Systemic Corticosteroids in Children Treated for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Mrakotsky Christine , Forbes Peter W. , Bernstein Jane Holmes , Grand Richard J. , Bousvaros Athos , Szigethy Eva , Waber Deborah P. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSystemic corticosteroids are a mainstay of treatment for many pediatric medical conditions. Although their impact on the central nervous system has been well-studied in animal models and adults, less is known about such effects in pediatric populations. The current study investigated acute effects of corticosteroids on memory, executive functions, emotion, and behavior in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Patients 8–17 years with IBD (Crohn's disease, CD; ulcerative colitis, UC) on high-dose prednisone (n= 33) and IBD patients in remission off steroids (n= 33) completed standardized neuropsychological tests and behavior rating scales. In the IBD sample as a whole, few steroid effects were found for laboratory cognitive measures, but steroid-treated patients were rated as exhibiting more problems with emotional, and to a lesser extent with cognitive function in daily life. Steroid effects, assessed by laboratory measures and questionnaires, were more prevalent in CD than UC patients; UC patients on steroids sometimes performed better than controls. Sleep disruption also predicted some outcomes, diminishing somewhat the magnitude of the steroid effects. Corticosteroid therapy can have acute effects on cognition, emotion, and behavior in chronically ill children; the clinical and long-term significance of these effects require further investigation. (JINS, 2012,19, 1–14)
Predictors of 1-Month and 1-Year Neurocognitive Functioning from the UCLA Longitudinal Mild, Uncomplicated, Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury Study
Authors: Babikian Talin , McArthur David , Asarnow Robert F. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAlthough more severe brain injuries have long been associated with persisting neurocognitive deficits, an increasing body of literature has shown that children/adolescents with single, uncomplicated mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) do not exhibitlong-lastingneurocognitive impairments. Nonetheless, clinical experience and our previous report (Babikian, 2011) showed that a minority of children/adolescents exhibit persistent cognitive problems using performance based measures following what appear to be relatively mild injuries. Predictors of poor neurocognitive outcomes were evaluated in 76 mTBI and 79 Other Injury subjects to determine the relative contributions of indices of injury severity, clinical symptomatology, demographic factors, and premorbid functioning in predicting 1-month and 12-month neurocognitive impairment on computerized or paper and pencil measures. Injury severity indicators or type of injury (headvs.other body part) did not predict either 1-month or 12-month cognitive impairment status. Rather, premorbid variables that antedated the injury (parental education, premorbid behavior and/or learning problems, and school achievement) predicted cognitive impairments. When post-injury neurocognitive impairments are observed in survivors of mild injuries (head or other body part), a sound understanding of their etiology is critical in designing appropriate intervention plans. Clinical and research implications are discussed. (JINS, 2012,18, 1–10)
Trends in excess of weight, underweight and adiposity among Spanish children from 2004 to 2010: the Cuenca Study
Authors: Martínez-Vizcaíno Vicente , Martínez Montserrat Solera , Pacheco Blanca Notario , López Mairena Sánchez , García-Prieto Jorge Cañete , Niño Coral Torrijos , Palencia Natalia Arias , Aguilar Fernando Salcedo , Rodríguez-Artalejo Fernando 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the trends in BMI and adiposity among schoolchildren from Cuenca, Spain, during 2004–2010.DesignTwo methodologically comparable surveys were carried out in 2004 and 2010.SettingPrimary schools in Cuenca, a province in the middle of Spain.SubjectsAll schoolchildren aged 8–11 years, belonging to 4th and 5th grades from twenty schools in the Province of Cuenca, were invited to participate in both cross-sectional studies. Weight, height and body fat percentage (BF%) from bioelectrical impedance were measured with standardized procedures.ResultsThe study included 550 boys and 539 girls in 2004, and 569 boys and 531 girls in 2010. In 2010, 8·1 % of children were underweight, 25·9 % overweight and 9·5 % obese. From 2004 to 2010, the prevalence of overweight rose from 21·6 % to 28·0 % (P = 0·004) and BF % increased from 22·6 % to 24·0 % (P = 0·001) among boys. No change was observed in overweight and BF % in girls, or in underweight and obesity in either sex. In boys, most of the distribution of BMI and BF % shifted to the right; in contrast, among girls no substantial change was apparent in the distribution of BMI and BF %.ConclusionsFrom 2004 to 2010 the prevalence of overweight and adiposity has continued to increase among boys. However, the obesity epidemic may have levelled off in girls. Given that the prevalence of childhood excess weight is still very high, the current evidence-based efforts to halt the obesity epidemic in Spain should be strengthened.
What works and why? Evaluation of a community nutrition programme in Kenya
Authors: Havemann Kirsten , Pridmore Pat , Tomkins Andrew , Garn Kristine Dandanell 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the nutritional impact of a community-based programme that focused on social cohesion and action.DesignThe change in nutritional status of children aged 12–60 months was examined over a period of 3 years in Makueni District in Eastern Province of Kenya in six communities in which an intervention programme of Participatory Learning and Action was introduced and in ten communities in which only basic preparations were made but no intervention was started.SettingThe intervention was part of the Government of Kenya Community Based Nutrition Programme and was supported by the Government of Denmark.SubjectsChildren aged 12–60 months.ResultsAmong communities without intervention there were similar levels of underweight (mean Z-score: −1·63 v. −1·50 (NS); % with Z-score < –2: 36·6 % v. 34·5 % (NS)) and stunting (mean Z-score: −2·0 v. −1·99 (NS); % with Z-score < –2: 44·3 % and 47·4 % (NS)) at baseline and after 3 years. By contrast, among communities who had received interventions, there were significant improvements after 3 years in the levels of underweight (mean Z-score: −1·66 v. −1·37 (P < 0·02); % with Z-score < –2: 42·9 % v. 31·4 % (P < 0·035)) and stunting (mean Z-score: −2·05 v. −1·59 (P < 0·05); % with Z-score < –2: 52·7 % v. 39·7 % (P < 0·02)).ConclusionsThe results indicate considerable potential for using Participatory Learning and Action as a community-based approach to effectively address child undernutrition. It is suggested that these interventions are developed, implemented and evaluated more widely as a mean of tackling childhood undernutrition and improving child survival and development.
Gravitational seismology retrieving Centroid‐Moment‐Tensor solution of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake
Authors: Cambiotti Gabriele , Sabadini Roberto 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMass rearrangement within the crust and lithospheric mantle and ocean water redistribution caused by great earthquakes are made visible by their coseismic gravity signature, nowadays detectable by the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) space mission. Here we present a novel procedure for estimating the principal seismic source parameters (hypocenter and moment tensor) that relies solely on space gravity data from GRACE, applied for the first time to the 2011 Tohoku earthquake. It yields a seismic source model that is consistent with a thrust earthquake and geological information of the subduction zone. It closely resembles the Global Centroid‐Moment‐Tensor Project solution based on the teleseismic wave inversion, although the moment magnitude is higher (9.13 ± 0.11 compared to 9.08) and the hypocenter is further offshore by about 40 km, within the oceanic plate. This procedure will become an important tool in seismology as it complements Centroid‐Moment‐Tensor analysis by exploiting the new gravity data from GRACE.
The intimate relationship between strain and magmatism: A numerical treatment of clustered monogenetic fields in the Main Ethiopian Rift
Authors: Mazzarini Francesco , Rooney Tyrone O. , Isola Ilaria 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe spatial distribution of monogenetic vents and the geochemistry of their erupted products can be used to probe heterogeneity in lithospheric strain across a rift. We show that Quaternary volcanic belts in the central Main Ethiopian Rift (MER) exhibit differences in vent fractal clustering with an exponent indicative of more clustering and a shallower magma reservoir for the Wonji Fault Belt (WFB), in comparison to the Silti‐Debre Zeyit Fault Zone (SDFZ). The range of lengths that exhibit vent fractal clustering is bounded by (1) a lower cutoff of few hundreds of meters that correlates with the depth of emplacement of intrusive material and is likely linked to evolving silicic magma systems and (2) an upper cutoff which we interpret to scale with the depth from which dikes originate just prior to eruption: ~10 km for WFB and ~7 km for SDFZ. We attribute this difference to strain partitioning within the MER, which favors dike formation at greater depths beneath the more highly strained eastern margin of the MER (below the WFB), in comparison to the western rift margin (below the SDFZ). Statistical analysis of monogenetic fields in the MER show, when reviewed in light of a priori geophysical and geodetic data, that the plumbing system of monogenetic volcanism style is strongly controlled by crustal strain state. Such statistical techniques may have application in probing the magma systems of other environments where less geophysical or geochemical controls exist.