bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproducing the Bolund experiment in wind tunnel
Authors: Yeow T.S. , Cuerva‐Tejero A. , Perez‐Alvarez J. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTThe Bolund experiment has been reproduced in a neutral boundary layer wind tunnel (WT) at scale 1:115 for two Reynolds numbers. All the results have been obtained for an incoming flow from the 270owind direction (transectBin the Bolund experiment jargon). Vertical scans of the velocity field are obtained using non‐time resolved two components particle image velocimetry. Time‐resolved velocity time series with a three component hot‐wire probe have been also measured for transects at 2 and 5 m height and in the vertical transects at met masts M6, M3 and M8 locations. Special attention has been devoted to the detailed characterization of the inflow in order to reduce uncertainties in future comparisons with other physical and numerical simulations. Emphasis is placed on the analysis of spectral functions of the undisturbed flow and those of the flow above the island. The result's reproducibility and trustworthiness have been addressed through redundancy measurements using particle image velocimetry, two and three components hot‐wire anemometry. The bias in the prediction of the mean speed is similar to the one reported during the Bolund experiment by the physical modellers. However, certain reduction of the bias in the estimation of the turbulent kinetic energy is achieved. The WT results of spectra and cosprectra have revealed a behaviour similar to the full‐scale measurements in some relevant locations, showing that WT modelling can contribute to provide valid information about these important structural loading factors. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
[Cu(C12N2H8)2(C2H3O2)][B5O6(OH)4]·C4H9NO: First Borate with Three‐dimensional Supramolecular Framework Formed by Hydrogen Bonds and π···π Stacking Interactions
Authors: Yang Yang , Fu Dongsheng , Zhang Yun , Meng Changgong 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe mixed‐ligand pentaborate, [Cu(C12N2H8)2(C2H3O2)][B5O6(OH)4]·C4H9NO (1), was synthesized and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, elemental analyses, powder X‐ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Two adjacent [B5O6(OH)4]– polyborate anions are connected with each other by hydrogen bonds forming a novel zero‐dimensional (0D) dimer {2[B5O6(OH)4]–} which is further connected with [Cu(C12N2H8)2(C2H3O2)]+ cations through hydrogen bonds to form a one‐dimensional (1D) ribbon‐like supramolecular structure with twenty‐membered rings. The [Cu(C12N2H8)2(C2H3O2)]+ cations are extended through π···π stacking interactions between the 1, 10‐phenanthroline ligands forming a two‐dimensional (2D) supramolecular network. The 1D supramolecular ribbons and the 2D supramolecular layers are further extended into a three‐dimensional (3D) supramolecular framework through hydrogen‐bonding interactions. Compound 1 is the first example of a borate where strong hydrogen bonds and π···π stacking interactions play important coordination roles in the formation of the 3D supramolecular framework.
Ratio Between Proximal/Distal Gastroesophageal Reflux Does Not Discriminate Abnormal Proximal Reflux
Authors: Neto Sebastião Carlos Pannocchia , Herbella Fernando A. M. , Silva Luciana C. , Patti Marco G. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIntroductionThe threshold for pathologic proximal acid reflux is a controversial topic. Most values previously published are based on absolute numbers. We hypothesized that a relative value representing the quantitative relation between the amount of acid reflux that reaches proximal levels and the amount of distal reflux would be a more adequate parameter for defining pathologic proximal reflux.MethodsWe studied 20 healthy volunteers (median age 30 years, 70 % women) without gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD); 50 patients (median age 51 years, 60 % women) with esophageal symptoms of GERD (heartburn, regurgitation); and 50 patients (median age 49 years, 60 % women) with extra‐esophageal symptoms of GERD. All individuals underwent manometry and dual‐probe pH monitoring. GERD was defined as a DeMeester score >14.7. The proximal/distal reflux ratio was calculated for all six parameters that constitute the DeMeester score.ResultsAbsolute numbers for proximal reflux were not different for the three groups except for the number of episodes of reflux, which was higher for patients with GERD and esophageal symptoms than for patients with GERD and extra‐esophageal symptoms (p = 0.007). The number of episodes of distal reflux reaching proximal levels was significantly higher in volunteers than in all patients with GERD and significantly higher in patients with GERD and esophageal symptoms than in those with extra‐esophageal symptoms.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the proximal/distal reflux ratio is not a good normative value for defining proximal reflux.
Lobectomy and Prophylactic Central Neck Dissection for Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma: Do Involved Lymph Nodes Mandate Completion Thyroidectomy?
Authors: Lee Cho Rok , Son Haiyoung , Lee Sohee , Kang Sang‐Wook , Jeong Jong Ju , Nam Kee‐Hyun , Chung Woong Youn , Park Cheong Soo 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe present study was designed to investigate the necessity of completion thyroidectomy for patients who underwent thyroid lobectomy for low‐risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) that was later pathologically diagnosed as central lymph node (CLN) metastasis.MethodsBetween 1986 and 2001, we assessed 551 patients who underwent thyroidectomy with prophylactic ipsilateral central compartment neck dissection, and 409 patients were followed‐up completely. Thyroid lobectomy were performed in 281 and 128 patients, respectively. The patients were divided into two groups according to CLN metastasis. Clinicopathological profiles and follow‐up details were investigated by retrospective chart review.ResultsThe CLN‐positive and ‐negative groups were comprised of 43 (15.2 %) and 238 patients (84.8 %), respectively. The mean ages of the two groups were not significantly different (p > 0.05). The mean tumor size of the CLN‐positive group (6.8 mm) was significantly larger than that of the CLN‐negative group (5.6 mm; p < 0.05). Microscopic capsular invasion was significantly higher in the CLN‐positive group (51.2 vs. 23.9 %; p < 0.05). Overall, 21 patients (7.4 %, 21/281) experienced recurrence. Among these, 2 (4.7 %, 2/43) and 19 (8.0 %, 19/238) were in the CLN‐positive and ‐negative groups, respectively. There was no significant correlation between CLN metastasis and tumor recurrence.ConclusionsPostoperative recurrence was lower in the CLN‐positive group, and there was no significant correlation between CLN metastasis and tumor recurrence. Our results suggest that it is not necessary to perform completion thyroidectomy for PTMC patients who have undergone thyroid lobectomy and who have been pathologically diagnosed with CLN metastasis.
Is the Demographic Dividend an Education Dividend?
Authors: Crespo Cuaresma Jesús , Lutz Wolfgang , Sanderson Warren 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe effect of changes in age structure on economic growth has been widely studied in the demography and population economics literature. The beneficial effect of changes in age structure after a decrease in fertility has become known as the “demographic dividend.” In this article, we reassess the empirical evidence on the associations among economic growth, changes in age structure, labor force participation, and educational attainment. Using a global panel of countries, we find that after the effect of human capital dynamics is controlled for, no evidence exists that changes in age structure affect labor productivity. Our results imply that improvements in educational attainment are the key to explaining productivity and income growth and that a substantial portion of the demographic dividend is an education dividend.
Eugenosedin‐A ameliorates hyperlipidemia‐induced vascular endothelial dysfunction via inhibition of α1‐adrenoceptor/5‐HT activity and NADPH oxidase expression
Authors: Shen Kuo‐Ping , Lin Hui‐Li , Chang Wen‐Tsan , Lin Jou‐Chun , An Li‐Mei , Chen Ing‐Jun , Wu Bin‐Nan 
Published: December 2013

AbstractEugenosedin‐A (Eu‐A) effects on vascular endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in a hyperlipidemic rat model were investigated. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: two control groups and two treatment groups. The control rats received a regular diet or high fat diet (HFD); the treatment rats fed received an HFD with 5 mg/kg Eu‐A or atorvastatin for 10 weeks. No changes in serotonin levels were observed in the four groups; norepinephrine levels were enhanced in the HFD group which was attenuated by Eu‐A and atorvastatin. In the HFD group, the vascular reactivity was increased by vasoconstrictors (5‐nonyloxytryptamine, 5‐HT, and phenylephrine) and decreased by an endothelium‐dependent vasorelaxant, carbachol. Protein levels of α1‐adrenergic receptors (not 5‐HT1B/2A), reactive oxygen species (ROS) p47phox, p67phox, and gp91phox, and oxidative damage markers 3‐nitrotyrosine (3‐NT) and 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal (4‐HNE) were increased, but endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), P‐eNOS and vasodilator‐stimulated phosphoprotein phosphorylation (P‐VASP) were decreased. Catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD‐1 and SOD‐2) proteins were increased, but glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was decreased in the aorta. Eu‐A and atorvastatin reduced vasoconstrictor‐induced aortic contractions that might be related to 5‐HT1B/2A and α1‐adrenergic receptors inhibitory activities. Eu‐A and atorvastatin improved eNOS/P‐eNOS, P‐VASP, GPx, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and decreased ROS and oxidative damage markers. Taken together, we suggest that Eu‐A can ameliorate hyperlipidemia‐induced vascular endothelial dysfunction and oxidative dysregulation.
Immunogenic activity of the fish tapewormPterobothrium heteracanthum(Trypanorhyncha: Pterobothriidae) in BALB/c mice
Authors: Mattos D.P.B.G. , Verícimo M.A. , Lopes L.M.S. , São Clemente S.C. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe aim of this study was to verify the immunogenicity ofPterobothrium heteracanthum(Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) crude protein extract (PH-CPE) in BALB/c mice. The parasites were obtained fromMicropogonias furnieri(Osteichthyes: Sciaenidae). Groups of six mice were each immunized with 10, 50 or 100 μg of PH-CPE, on days 0 and 35. Both specific IgG and IgE responses were developed after immunization. The immunoblot assay revealed that specific IgG recognizes PH-CPE proteins with two molecular weight ranges, 60–75 and 30–40 kDa, and that IgE recognizes larger proteins over 120 kDa. This appears to be the first report on the immunogenicity of metacestodes within the Pterobothriidae and that PH-CPE is a potential inducer of a specific IgE response.
Topological simultaneous localization and mapping: a survey
Authors: Boal Jaime , Sánchez-Miralles Álvaro , Arranz Álvaro 
Published: December 2013

SUMMARYOne of the main challenges in robotics is navigating autonomously through large, unknown, and unstructured environments. Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is currently regarded as a viable solution for this problem. As the traditional metric approach to SLAM is experiencing computational difficulties when exploring large areas, increasing attention is being paid to topological SLAM, which is bound to provide sufficiently accurate location estimates, while being significantly less computationally demanding. This paper intends to provide an introductory overview of the most prominent techniques that have been applied to topological SLAM in terms of feature detection, map matching, and map fusion.
Evaluation of C-Band Precise Orbit Determination of Geostationary Earth Orbit Satellites based on the Chinese Area Positioning System
Authors: Fen Cao , XuHai Yang , MuDan Su , ZhiGang Li , Liang Chen , WeiChao Li , BaoQi Sun , Yao Kong , Pei Wei , ChuGang Feng 
Published: December 2013

Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites play a significant role in the space segment of the Chinese Area Navigation System. The C-Band transfer ranging method developed by the National Time Service Center (NTSC) has been widely used in the Chinese Area Positioning System (CAPS), with its advantages of separating satellite ranging from time synchronization and being unaffected by weather. The explicit ranging correction models for the C-Band transfer ranging method are introduced in detail in this article for the first time. Precise Orbit Determination (POD) using C-Band pseudo-range observation of GEO satellite 2010-001A in July 2012 has been conducted. The residual Root Mean Square (RMS) of each site and POD are analysed with orbit difference over overlaps of adjacent orbit arcs. Moreover, the orbit of the GEO satellite has been evaluated by Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) data from both domestic and foreign SLR sites for the first time. The residual RMS of POD using C-Band observation is better than 0·1 m, and the orbit difference over overlaps of adjacent orbit arcs is better than 3 m. In addition, the residual RMS in line-of-sight for a SLR site in China are better than 1 m, while the RMS for the Yarragadee site in Australia is about 3·4 m. It has been shown that the GEO satellite orbit accords very well with the C-Band observation. Also, the distribution of CAPS stations affects the orbit precision. All sites in CAPS are now located in China with low and medium latitudes. The residual RMS of the SLR site in the southern hemisphere is larger than that of the site in China.
Implantable CPW-fed rectangular patch antenna for ISM band biomedical applications
Authors: Ashok Kumar Srinivasan , Shanmuganantham Thangavelu 
Published: December 2013

Implantable antennas have recently been receiving substantial attention for medical diagnosis and treatment. In this paper, a coplanar waveguide-fed monopole antenna for industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band biomedical applications is proposed. The antenna has a simple structure is placed on human tissues such as muscle, fat, and skin. The designed antenna is made compatible for implantation by embedding it in an FR4 substrate. The proposed antenna is simulated using the method of moment's software IE3D by assuming the predetermined dielectric constant for the human muscle tissue, fat, and skin. The antenna operates in the frequency of ISM bands, 2.4–2.48 GHz. Simulated and measured gains attain −7.7 and −8 dBi in the frequency of 2.45 GHz. The radiation pattern, return loss, current distribution, and gain of these antennas were examined and characterized.
Pushing the humanitarian agenda through engagement with business actors: the ICRC's experience
Authors: Voillat Claude 
Published: December 2013

AbstractLarge companies can have both massively positive and massively negative impacts on communities, be it directly through their operations or indirectly through their influence on decision-makers. This is particularly true when business operations take place in conflict-affected or high-risk areas. Humanitarian organisations endeavouring to bring protection and/or assistance in these areas cannot, therefore, ignore these influential actors. Engagement with business actors – as well as with any other societal actor – should be framed within a clear rationale in order to deliver positive results. This article introduces the rationale that has been developed by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and offers some examples of past engagement between the ICRC and business actors. It notes that occasions for humanitarian organisations to engage with business actors are likely to become more frequent in the coming years and argues that this trend, if properly managed, offers humanitarian organisations opportunities to leverage energies, know-how, and resources from the business sector for the benefit of the persons and communities that humanitarian organisations strive to protect and assist.
Ultrahigh relaxivity and safe probes of manganese oxide nanoparticles for in vivo imaging
Authors: Xiao J. , Tian X. M. , Yang C. , Liu P. , Luo N. Q. , Liang Y. , Li H. B. , Chen D. H. , Wang C. X. , Li L. , Yang G. W. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractMn-based nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as new class of probes for magnetic resonance imaging due to the impressive contrast ability. However, the reported Mn-based NPs possess low relaxivity and there are no immunotoxicity data regarding Mn-based NPs as contrast agents. Here, we demonstrate the ultrahigh relaxivity of water protons of 8.26 mM−1s−1 from the Mn3O4 NPs synthesized by a simple and green technique, which is twice higher than that of commercial gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agents (4.11 mM−1s−1) and the highest value reported to date for Mn-based NPs. We for the first time demonstrate these Mn3O4 NPs biocompatibilities both in vitro and in vivo are satisfactory based on systematical studies of the intrinsic toxicity including cell viability of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells, normal nasopharyngeal epithelium, apoptosis in cells and in vivo immunotoxicity. These findings pave the way for the practical clinical diagnosis of Mn based NPs as safe probes for in vivo imaging.
Mechanistic characterization and crystal structure of a small molecule inactivator bound to plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
Authors: Li Shih-Hon , Reinke Ashley A. , Sanders Karen L. , Emal Cory D. , Whisstock James C. , Stuckey Jeanne A. , Lawrence Daniel A. 
Published: December 2013

Significance
Serine protease inhibitors (serpins) are a protein superfamily whose members are involved in many diseases and are thus attractive drug targets. In addition to protease inhibition, serpins also bind a variety a of other biological molecules, including extracellular matrix components and cell surface receptors. The inhibitory mechanism of serpins requires a conformational change that can also alter their affinity to non-protease ligands. Here a surprising allosteric mechanism of action is revealed for a small molecule inhibitor of the serpin, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1). Compound binding prevents PAI-1 interaction with both proteases and with its cofactor even though the binding sites are located 40 Å apart. These results suggest the potential for the identification other therapeutically useful serpin inhibitors.
Founder niche constrains evolutionary adaptive radiation
Authors: Flohr Régis C. E. , Blom Carsten J. , Rainey Paul. B. , Beaumont Hubertus J. E. 
Published: December 2013

SignificanceMuch of the biodiversity on Earth evolved by adaptive radiation: rapid evolution of ecologically different species from a single ancestor. It is well established that the environment shapes the dynamics of adaptive radiation; however, theory predicts that the properties of the founding ancestor also play a role. Using experimental bacterial populations, we demonstrate that adaptive radiation is constrained by the ecology of the founder. The findings advance our understanding of the evolution of biodiversity and reveal a mechanism by which chance may have influenced the tempo of adaptive radiations in natural history.
Retrograde transfer RNA nuclear import provides a new level of tRNA quality control in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Kramer Emily B. , Hopper Anita K. 
Published: December 2013

Significance
Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) traffic in a retrograde direction from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, a process that is conserved from yeast to vertebrates. The biological significance of retrograde tRNA nuclear import is poorly understood. We report that the tRNA retrograde pathway serves as a quality control pathway that monitors 5′ and 3′ end processing and the modification status of cytoplasmic tRNAs. Aberrant tRNAs are imported into the nucleus where they are repaired or destroyed. This newly discovered quality control function of the tRNA retrograde nuclear pathway likely functions in parallel with the cytoplasmic 5′–3′ exonuclease tRNA quality control pathway.
Molecular basis of usher pore gating in
Escherichia coli
pilus biogenesis
Authors: Volkan Ender , Kalas Vasilios , Pinkner Jerome S. , Dodson Karen W. , Henderson Nadine S. , Pham Thieng , Waksman Gabriel , Delcour Anne H. , Thanassi David G. , Hultgren Scott J. 
Published: December 2013

Significance
Gram-negative bacteria use chaperone-usher pathway (CUP) pili to colonize host tissues and mediate biofilm formation. CUP ushers are outer membrane (OM) pore proteins that catalyze pilus assembly and mediate pilus extrusion in a gated fashion to maintain OM homeostasis. Using antibiotic sensitivity and electrophysiology experiments, specific residues of two ushers, FimD of type 1 pili and PapC of P pili, were identified as crucial for proper usher gating. Further, deletion of the P pilus anchoring/terminator subunit resulted in an open usher conformation, indicating this subunit may be a target for antivirulence compounds to potentiate antibiotic treatment. Identification of mechanisms that can be used to increase bacterial sensitivity to antibiotics is crucial for development of novel compounds to fight infections.
Optimization of projective transformation matrix in image stitching based on chaotic genetic algorithm
Authors: Fan Yanming , Li Ming 
Published: December 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to present weighted Euclidean distance for measuring whether the fitting of projective transformation matrix is more reliable in feature-based image stitching.

Design/methodology/approach
– The hybrid model of weighted Euclidean distance criterion and intelligent chaotic genetic algorithm (CGA) is established to achieve a more accurate matrix in image stitching. Feature-based image stitching is used in this paper for it can handle non-affine situations. Scale invariant feature transform is applied to extract the key points, and the false points are excluded using random sampling consistency (RANSAC) algorithm.

Findings
– This work improved GA by combination with chaos's ergodicity, so that it can be applied to search a better solution on the basis of the matrix solved by Levenberg-Marquardt. The addition of an external loop in RANSAC can help obtain more accurate matrix with large probability. Series of experimental results are presented to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approaches.

Practical implications
– The modified feature-based method proposed in this paper can be easily applied to practice and can obtain a better image stitching performance with a good robustness.

Originality/value
– A hybrid model of weighted Euclidean distance criterion and CGA is proposed for optimization of projective transformation matrix in image stitching. The authors introduce chaos theory into GA to modify its search strategy.