bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical properties and reactivity of manganese chelates and complexes in solution and soils
Authors: López‐Rayo Sandra , Lucena Silvia , Lucena Juan J. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractCommercial fertilizers containing synthetic manganese (Mn) chelates and complexes are currently used to alleviate Mn deficiency in crops. However, studies conducted on Mn sources in order to evaluate their behavior maintaining Mn soluble in nutrient solution and soil have not been done. In this work, representative commercial Mn fertilizers based on chelates and complexes were characterized and their chemical stability in solution and interaction with soils has been evaluated. Fertilizers studied were two ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) Mn chelates, oneN‐(1,2‐dicarboxyethyl)‐D,L‐aspartic acid (IDHA) Mn chelate, two lignosulfonates, one carboxylate, one fulvate, one gluconate, and one heptagluconate‐based Mn complex. Characterization consisted of the determination of the soluble and chelated or complexed Mn, and the ligand identification by nuclear‐magnetic resonance (NMR). Stability study included batch experiments in Ca solution at different pH and three batch experiments with soil comparing with MnSO4. Results indicate that most of the Mn fertilizers comply with the declared “soluble and chelated or complexed” metal content. At a usual pH range of calcareous soils (7.5–8.5), both chelates and complexes maintain more Mn in solution than MnSO4in the presence of Ca. Several factors affect the Mn remaining in solution after the interaction with the soil, especially, the soil‐to‐solution ratio. All chelates and complexes are better alternatives to the use of MnSO4in agronomical practices such as fertigation and soil application. Mn‐IDHA as chelate and Mn‐HGl or Mn‐Carb as complexes can be efficient, economical, and environmental friendly fertilizers for foliar application and hydroponic cultures. In soil application, Mn‐EDTA or Mn‐LS would be the best options. In this case, lignosulfonic acid represents a sustainable and low‐cost solution.
Orienting Semi‐Conducting π‐Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Brinkmann Martin , Hartmann Lucia , Biniek Laure , Tremel Kim , Kayunkid Navaphun 
Published: December 2013

The present review focuses on the recent progress made in thin film orientation of semi‐conducting polymers with particular emphasis on methods using epitaxy and shear forces. The main results reported in this review deal with regioregular poly(3‐alkylthiophene)s and poly(dialkylfluorenes). Correlations existing between processing conditions, macromolecular parameters and the resulting structures formed in thin films are underlined. It is shown that epitaxial orientation of semi‐conducting polymers can generate a large palette of semi‐crystalline and nanostructured morphologies by a subtle choice of the orienting substrates and growth conditions.
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Octopus visual system: A functional MRI model for detecting neuronal electric currents without a blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent confound
Authors: Jiang Xia , Lu Hanbing , Shigeno Shuichi , Tan Li‐Hai , Yang Yihong , Ragsdale Clifton W. , Gao Jia‐Hong 
Published: December 2013

PurposeDespite the efforts that have been devoted to detecting the transient magnetic fields generated by neuronal firing, the conclusion that a functionally relevant signal can be measured with MRI is still controversial. For human studies of neuronal current MRI (nc‐MRI), the blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent (BOLD) effect remains an irresolvable confound. For tissue studies where hemoglobin is removed, natural sensory stimulation is not possible. This study investigates the feasibility of detecting a physiologically induced nc‐MRI signal in vivo in a BOLD‐free environment.MethodsThe cephalopod mollusc Octopus bimaculoides has vertebrate‐like eyes, large optic lobes (OLs), and blood that does not contain hemoglobin. Visually evoked potentials were measured in the octopus retina and OL by electroretinogram and local field potential. nc‐MRI scans were conducted at 9.4 Tesla to capture these activities.ResultsElectrophysiological recording detected strong responses in the retina and OL in vivo; however, nc‐MRI failed to demonstrate any statistically significant signal change with a detection threshold of 0.2° for phase and 0.2% for magnitude. Experiments in a dissected eye‐OL preparation yielded similar results.ConclusionThese findings in a large hemoglobin‐free nervous system suggest that sensory evoked neuronal magnetic fields are too weak for direct detection with current MRI technology. Magn Reson Med 72:1311–1319, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparative Study of the Methodology Used in the Extraction of Isoflavones from Legumes Applying a Modified QuEChERS Approach
Authors: Bustamante‐Rangel Myriam , Pérez‐Martín Lara , Delgado‐Zamarreño M. Milagros 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTIntroductionIsoflavones are phytochemicals of great interest because of their association with a large variety of positive effects on human health. The major sources of isoflavones in the diet are plants of the Leguminosae family, especially soybeans, although many other legumes more widely consumed in the Mediterranean diet have also been reported to contain these compounds. In previous work we extracted isoflavones from samples using a modified QuEChERS (Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged Safe) methodology.ObjectiveTo compare different methods for placing the sample and the solvent in contact to optimise the extraction of isoflavones from legumes (chickpeas, lentils and white beans) using a modified QuEChERS methodology.MethodFive different approaches to sample agitation were tested: vortex agitation, thermostatted stirring agitation and thermostatted tray shaking, and a thermostatted ultrasound bath and an ultrasound probe. To evaluate the different methodologies a modified QuEChERS approach was used as the extraction method. The separation and quantification of isoflavones was carried out using liquid chromatography–triple quadrupole/mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS).ResultsThe best methods were found upon using a thermostatted shaking tray for the extraction of chickpeas and white beans and the ultrasound probe for lentil samples. These methods were chosen based on the highest amount of analytes obtained as well as the best recovery values.ConclusionDetermination of isoflavones in foods may be affected by the different methods used to place the sample and the solvent in contact in the extraction step. The main advantages of the proposed extraction procedures are their simplicity, speed, reliability and low cost. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First trimester detection of trisomy 16 using combined biochemical and ultrasound screening
Authors: Spencer Kevin , Pertile Mark D. , Bonacquisto Leonard , Mills Ian , Turner Steve , Donalson Kim , Jónsson Jón Jóhannes 
Published: December 2013

What's already known about this topic?

Four previously reported cases of trisomy 16 have shown reduced levels of pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A during first trimester screening for trisomy 21.
Isolated increases in free β human chorionic gonadotrophin and nuchal translucency were observed in these four cases.What does this study add?

During first trimester screening for aneuploidy, we observed a further 28 cases of trisomy 16, all of which had reduced levels of pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A consistent with previous reported cases.
Increased free β human chorionic gonadotrophin and increased nuchal translucency were not a consistent finding in our 28 cases.
Discussions on Thermobaric Explosives (TBXs)
Authors: Xing Xiao Ling , Zhao Sheng Xiang , Wang Zhen Yu , Ge Guang Tao 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAluminum is an important component of thermobaric explosives (TBXs). Because of the high ignition temperature of aluminum and its partial inertness during detonation, its optimum amount added to TBXs might differ, which can be used for distinguishing TBXs. According to the theory on flow in a reactive medium, the parameter σ is introduced to explain the different reaction phenomena during the detonation process of TBXs. The σ value can be used to illustrate the detonation or afterburning of each reaction stage.
Estimations of Vapor Pressures by Thermogravimetric Analysis of the Insensitive Munitions IMX‐101, IMX‐104, and Individual Components
Authors: Cuddy Michael F. , Poda Aimee R. , Chappell Mark A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWe have calculated the vapor pressures of the new explosives ordnances IMX‐101 and IMX‐104 and their respective components, 2,4‐dinitroanisole (DNAN), nitroguanidine (NQ), nitrotriazolone (NTO), and hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine (RDX) by the method of rising temperature thermogravimetric analysis. Clausius‐Clapeyron relationships were assumed for each case and the vapor pressures were estimated from the Langmuir equation over an appropriate temperature range just below substance melting/decomposition points. For vapor pressures extrapolated to room temperature, the rank with respect to decreasing volatility was found to be: DNAN>IMX‐104>IMX‐101>NQ>RDX>NTO. Interestingly, vapor pressure depression is observed in IMX formulations, where the formulation has a lower vapor pressure than its most volatile component, DNAN. The enthalpy of sublimation was determined for each substance and formulation from Clausius‐Clapeyron equations generated by analysis of the thermogravimetric data. The general trends in vapor pressures and sublimation enthalpies associated with the component materials were in good agreement with previous experimental and computational results. The results obtained by this study have importance for future investigations of IMX, specifically for chemical detection and assessment of environmental fate.
Magnetostriction‐strain‐induced enhancement and modulation of photovoltaic performance in Si‐p–n/TbxDy1−xFe2 composite
Authors: Wu Zheng , Zhang Yihe , Fang Cong , Ma Ke , Lin He , Jia Yanmin , Chen Jianrong , Wang Yu , Chan Helen Lai Wa 
Published: December 2013

High photovoltaic efficiency is a key index in the application of silicon (Si) solar cells. In this study, a composite of a photovoltaic Si p–n junction solar cell and a magnetostrictive TbxDy1−xFe2 alloy was fabricated. By utilizing the magnetostrictive strain to modulate the energy bandgap of Si, the open‐circuit voltage and the maximum photovoltaic output power of the Si p–n junction solar cell could be enhanced by ∼12% and 9.1% under a dc magnetic field of ∼250 mT, respectively. The significantly enhanced photovoltaic performance and the simple fabrication process make the Si‐p–n/TbxDy1−xFe2 composite a promising material for high‐efficiency solar cell devices. The structure of the proposed Si‐p–n/TbxDy1−xFe2 laminated composite.
Growth and properties of InGaAs nanowires on silicon
Authors: Koblmüller Gregor , Abstreiter Gerhard 
Published: December 2013

AbstractFree‐standing ternary InGaAs nanowires (NW) are at the core of intense investigations due to their integration capabilities on silicon (Si) for next‐generation photovoltaics, integrated photonics, tunneling devices, and high‐performance gate all‐round III–V/Si NW transistors. In this review, recent progress on the growth, structural, optical and electrical properties of InGaAs NWs on Si substrate is highlighted. Particular focus is on a comparison between conventional catalyst‐assisted and catalyst‐free growth methods as well as self‐assembled versus site‐selectively grown NW arrays. It will be shown that catalyst‐free, high‐periodicity NW arrays with extremely high compositional uniformity are mandatory to allow un‐ambiguous structure–property correlation measurements. Here, interesting insights into the electronic/optical properties of wurtzite, zincblende and mixed crystal phases of InGaAs will be highlighted based on recent photoluminescence spectroscopy data. Finally, the InGaAs NW‐on‐Si system is also discussed in the realms of heterojunction properties, providing a promising system for steep‐slope tunneling field effect transistors in future low‐power post‐CMOS intergrated microelectronics and broad‐band photoabsorption and detec‐tion devices. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Finite‐time H ∞  control for discrete‐time switched nonlinear systems with time delay
Authors: Zong Guangdeng , Wang Ruihua , Zheng Weixing , Hou Linlin 
Published: December 2013

SummaryIn this paper, the problem of finite‐time H ∞  control is addressed for a class of discrete‐time switched nonlinear systems with time delay. The concept of H ∞  finite‐time boundedness is first introduced for discrete‐time switched delay systems. Next, a set of switching signals are designed by using the average dwell time approach, under which some delay‐dependent sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee the H ∞  finite‐time boundedness of the closed‐loop system. Then, a finite‐time H ∞  state feedback controller is also designed by solving such conditions. Furthermore, the problem of uniform finite‐time H ∞  stabilization is also resolved. All the conditions are cast into linear matrix inequalities, which can be easily checked by using recently developed algorithms for solving linear matrix inequalities. A numerical example and a water‐quality control system are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the main results. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reliability in the performance‐based concept of fib Model Code 2010
Authors: Bigaj‐van Vliet Agnieszka , Vrouwenvelder Ton 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe design philosophy of the new fib Model Code for Concrete Structures 2010 represents the state of the art with regard to performance‐based approach to the design and assessment of concrete structures. Given the random nature of quantities determining structural behaviour, the assessment of structural performance cannot be well established by deterministic methods, instead requires a probabilistic approach. The performance‐based approach is introduced in Part I of fib Model Code 2010 by applying the concept of performance requirements and reliability management during service life. Correct understanding of the reliability concept of fib Model Code 2010 is a basic prerequisite for applying its design philosophy in an appropriate manner. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to explain some decidedly non‐trivial issues related to safety and reliability management aspects. In this context, this paper indicates how this general philosophy in fib Model Code 2010 is further developed into a set of operational rules for the design and assessment of concrete structures.
Close Readings and Children's Literature
Authors: Serafini Frank 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe concept of close reading is an important consideration when addressing the Common Core State Standards. In addition, close reading permeates the CCSS and suggests a particular way of reading and responding to texts. Trying to help students become successful readers in both school based settings and in the world outside of school is still our primary goal as reading teachers. We need to develop our own understandings of the requirements for close reading in various contexts, be ready to demonstrate to our students what this type of reading entails, and provide resources and instructional support to ensure our students' success.
Tree species composition affects productivity and carbon dynamics of different site types in boreal forests
Authors: Shanin Vladimir , Komarov Alexander , Mäkipää Raisa 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe objective was to analyse how differences in the initial proportions of tree species and site fertility affect carbon sequestration in living biomass and soil. We used the individual-based simulation model EFIMOD, which is able to simulate spatially explicit competition between trees for light and nutrients. Simulations were carried out for three site types with distinct initial stocks of soil nutrients. For each site, the 100-years undisturbed dynamics of monocultures and mixtures of three tree species (Betula pendulaRoth,Pinus sylvestrisL. andPicea abies(L.) H. Karst.) was predicted. Changes in the proportions of competing tree species were dependent on the fertility of the site: on poor sites, pine was the most competent species, while on rich sites, spruce increased its proportion during stand succession. Net primary production (NPP) and soil respiration were the highest in stands of two coniferous species and in stands with a high initial proportion of pine. Mixed stands were more productive than monocultures; the highest overyielding was observed with mixtures of two coniferous species. Simulated NPP and carbon stocks in all pools increased from poor to rich sites. The highest carbon stocks in standing biomass were observed for mixtures of conifer species and three-species mixtures; the greatest accumulation of forest floor occurred in stands with high proportions of pine.
Public Trust in Genomic Risk Assessment for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Mills Rachel , Barry William , Haga Susanne B. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractPatient trust in personal medical information is critical to increasing adherence to physician recommendations and medications. One of the anticipated benefits of learning of one's genomic risk for common diseases is the increased adoption of screening, preventive care and lifestyle changes. However, the equivocal results thus far reported of the positive impact of knowledge of genomic risk on behavior change may be due to lack of patients’ trust in the results. As part of a clinical study to compare two methods of communication of genomic risk results for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), we assessed patients’ trust and preferred methods of delivery of genomic risk information. A total of 300 participants recruited from the general public in Durham, NC were randomized to receive their genomic risk for T2DM in‐person from a genetic counselor or online through the testing company's web‐site. Participants completed a baseline survey and three follow‐up surveys after receiving results. Overall, participants reported high levels of trust in the test results. Participants who received their results in‐person from the genetic counselor were significantly more likely to trust their results than those who reviewed their results on‐line (p = 0.005). There was not a statistically significant difference in levels of trust among participants with increased genetic risk, as compared to other those with decreased or same as population risk (p = 0.1154). In the event they undergo genomic risk testing again, 55 % of participants overall indicated they would prefer to receive their results online compared to 28 % that would prefer to receive future results in‐person. Of those participants preferring to receive results online, 77 % indicated they would prefer to have the option to speak to someone if they had questions with the online results (compared to accessing results online without the option of professional consultation). This is the first study to assess satisfaction with genomic risk testing by the method of delivery of the test result. The higher rate of trust in results delivered in‐person suggests that online access reports may not result in serious consideration of results and lack of adoption of recommended preventive recommendations.
Prevention of Surgical Site Infection in Total Joint Arthroplasty: An International Tertiary Care Center Survey
Authors: Ricciardi Benjamin F. , Bostrom Mathias P. , Lidgren Lars , Ranstam Jonas , Merollini Katharina M. D. , W-Dahl Annette 
Published: December 2013

Background Prevention strategies are critical to reduce infection rates in total joint arthroplasty (TJA), but evidence-based consensus guidelines on prevention of surgical site infection (SSI) remain heterogeneous and do not necessarily represent this particular patient population. Questions/Purposes What infection prevention measures are recommended by consensus evidence-based guidelines for prevention of periprosthetic joint infection? How do these recommendations compare to expert consensus on infection prevention strategies from orthopedic surgeons from the largest international tertiary referral centers for TJA? Patients and Methods A review of consensus guidelines was undertaken as described by Merollini et al. Four clinical guidelines met inclusion criteria: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's, British Orthopedic Association, National Institute of Clinical Excellence's, and National Health and Medical Research Council's (NHMRC). Twenty-eight recommendations from these guidelines were used to create an evidence-based survey of infection prevention strategies that was administered to 28 orthopedic surgeons from members of the International Society of Orthopedic Centers. The results between existing consensus guidelines and expert opinion were then compared. Results Recommended strategies in the guidelines such as prophylactic antibiotics, preoperative skin preparation of patients and staff, and sterile surgical attire were considered critically or significantly important by the surveyed surgeons. Additional strategies such as ultraclean air/laminar flow, antibiotic cement, wound irrigation, and preoperative blood glucose control were also considered highly important by surveyed surgeons, but were not recommended or not uniformly addressed in existing guidelines on SSI prevention. Conclusion Current evidence-based guidelines are incomplete and evidence should be updated specifically to address patient needs undergoing TJA.
Bilateral Congenital Absence of the Opponens Pollicis Muscle: A Case Report
Authors: Taş Süleyman , Top Hüsamettin 
Published: December 2013

Background Thumb hypoplasia and thenar muscle anomalies are complex congenital conditions that are associated with other congenital anomalies or syndromes. Congenital absence of the opponens pollicis muscle is very rare and is associated with the absence of other muscles. Methods A 6-year-old male was referred to our clinic with a provisional diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome because electromyography findings at the referring hospital were consistent with this diagnosis. He was unable to oppose his thumbs to his other fingers or grasp objects. All physical examination, electromyography, and magnetic resonance imaging findings were consistent with bilateral absence of the opponens pollicis muscle. Results The patient underwent bilateral transfer of the extensor indicis proprius tendon. At 1 year after surgery, he had satisfactory thumb opposition on both sides. Conclusions Differentiation between congenital muscle anomalies and carpal tunnel syndrome is very important in order to avoid performing unnecessary surgical procedures. We present a case of bilateral congenital absence of the opponens pollicis muscle, which has not previously been reported, and review the literature regarding congenital muscle anomalies of the hand.
Effect of α‐, β‐, γ‐, and δ‐Tocotrienol on the Singlet Oxygen Oxidation of Lard
Authors: Kim Hyun Jung , Paik Hyun‐Dong 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe impacts of four different types of tocotrienol homologues on the singlet oxygen oxidation of lard were evaluated by measuring the headspace oxygen content and the peroxide value. Singlet oxygen oxidation of lard was induced by chlorophyll photosensitization. Samples of 0.100, 0.250, and 0.400 M lard in methylene chloride containing chlorophyll and α‐, β‐, γ‐, or δ‐tocotrienol were prepared and stored under light at 3,000 lux for 4 h. All tocotrienol homologues at 1.20 mM significantly prevented the singlet oxygen oxidation of lard. Chlorophyll under light produced singlet oxygen at 1.09 μmol oxygen/mL headspace/h. A steady state kinetic study showed that tocotrienols reduced the singlet oxygen oxidation of lard by quenching the singlet oxygen. Singlet oxygen reacted with lard at 6.50 × 104M−1 s−1. α‐, β‐, γ‐, and δ‐tocotrienol quenched singlet oxygen with the rate of 2.16, 1.99, 2.05, and 0.800 × 107M−1 s−1, respectively. Among them, α‐tocotrienol significantly prevented singlet oxygen oxidation of lard.