bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term angiographic results of endovascularly “cured” intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas
Authors: Ambekar Sudheer , Gaynor Brandon G. , Peterson Eric C. , Elhammady Mohamed Samy 
Published: September 2015

OBJECT
Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are complex lesions consisting of abnormal connections between meningeal arteries and dural venous sinuses and/or cerebral veins. The goal of treatment is surgical or endovascular occlusion of the fistula or fistulous nidus or at least the disconnection of the feeding vessels and the draining veins. Delayed angiographic data on previously embolized dural fistulas is lacking. The authors report their experience and the long-term angiographic results with embolization of intracranial DAVF using Onyx.

METHODS
All cases of DAVF treated primarily with Onyx at the authors’ institution from 2006 to 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient demographics, fistula characteristics, embolization details, and angiographic follow-up were analyzed.

RESULTS
Fifty-eight patients with DAVFs were treated during the study period. Twenty-two patients were treated with open surgery with or without prior embolization. Thirty-six patients were treated with embolization alone, of whom 26 underwent an attempt at curative embolization and are the subject of this review. All but 2 of these patients were treated in a single session. Angiographic “cure” was achieved in all cases following treatment. Follow-up angiography was performed in 21 patients at a mean of 14 months after treatment (range 2–39 months). Asymptomatic angiographic recurrence of the fistula was evident in 3 of the 21 patients (14.3%). On reviewing the procedural angiograms of the cases in which the DAVFs recurred, it was observed that the Onyx cast did not reach the venous portion in 1 case, whereas it did reach the vein in the other 2 cases.

CONCLUSIONS
Recurrence following initial angiographic cure of DAVF is not uncommon. Incomplete penetration of the embolic material into the proximal portion of the venous outlet may lead to delayed recurrence. Long-term angiographic follow-up is highly recommended.
Neurosurgical intervention in patients with mild traumatic brain injury and its effect on neurological outcomes
Authors: Tierney Kevin James , Nayak Natasha V. , Prestigiacomo Charles J. , Sifri Ziad C. 
Published: September 2015

OBJECT
The object of this study was to determine the mortality and neurological outcome of patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) who require neurosurgical intervention (NSI), identify clinical predictors of a poor outcome, and investigate the effect of failed nonoperative management and delayed NSI on outcome.

METHODS
A cross-sectional study of 10 years was performed, capturing all adults with mTBI and NSI. Primary outcome variables were mortality and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score. Patients were divided into an immediate intervention group, which received an NSI after the initial cranial CT scan, and a delayed intervention group, which had failed nonoperative management and received an NSI after 2 or more cranial CT scans.

RESULTS
The mortality rate in mTBI patients requiring NSI was 13%, and the mean GOS score was 3.6 ± 1.2. An age > 60 years was independently predictive of a worse outcome, and epidural hematoma was independently predictive of a good outcome. Logistic regression analysis using independent variables was calculated to create a model for predicting poor neurological outcomes in patients with mTBI undergoing NSI and had 74.1% accuracy. Patients in the delayed intervention group had worse mortality (25% vs 9%) and worse mean GOS scores (2.9 ± 1.3 vs 3.7 ± 1.2) than those in the immediate intervention group.

CONCLUSIONS
Data in this study demonstrate that patients with mTBI requiring NSI have higher mortality rates and worse neurological outcomes and should therefore be classified separately from mTBI patients not requiring NSI. Additionally, mTBI patients requiring NSI after the failure of nonoperative management have worse outcomes than those receiving immediate intervention and should be considered separately.
Differences in surgical outcomes for patients with craniosynostosis in the US: impact of socioeconomic variables and race
Authors: Shweikeh Faris , Foulad David , Nuño Miriam , Drazin Doniel , Adamo Matthew A. 
Published: September 2015

OBJECTCraniosynostosis is often treated with neurosurgical intervention. The aim of this study was to report and analyze the clinical and socioeconomic characteristics of patients with craniosynostosis and to present current national trends.METHODSUsing the Kids’ Inpatient Database for the years 2000, 2003, 2006, and 2009, the authors identified patients with craniosynostosis using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis codes and their associated procedure codes. Clinical features, demographics, inpatient procedures, outcomes, and charges were collected and analyzed.RESULTSOf the 3415 patients identified, 65.8% were White, 21.4% were Hispanic, and 3.2% were Black. More than 96% were treated at urban teaching hospitals and 54.2% in southern or western regions. White patients were younger (mean 6.1 months) as compared with Blacks (mean 10.9 months) and Hispanics (mean 9.1 months; p < 0.0001) at the time of surgery. A higher fraction of Whites had private insurance (70.3%) compared with nonwhites (34.0%–41.6%; p < 0.001). Approximately 12.2% were nonelective admissions, more so among Blacks (16.9%). Mean hospital length of stay (LOS) was 3.5 days with no significant differences among races. Following surgical treatment, 12.1% of patients developed complications, most commonly pulmonary/respiratory (4.8%), wound infection (4.4%), and hydrocephalus (1.4%). The mean overall hospital charges were significantly lower for Whites than nonwhites ($34,527 vs $44,890–$48,543, respectively; p < 0.0001).CONCLUSIONSThe findings of this national study suggest a higher prevalence of craniosynostosis in Hispanics. The higher predisposition among males was less evident in Hispanics and Blacks. There was a significant percentage of nonelective admissions, more commonly among Blacks. Additionally, Hispanics and Blacks were more likely to receive surgery at an older age, past the current recommendation of the optimum age for surgical intervention. These findings are likely associated with a lack of early detection. Although mean LOS and rate of complications did not significantly differ among different races, nonwhites had, on average, higher hospital charges of $10,000–$14,000. This discrepancy may be due to differences in type of insurance, craniosynostosis type, rates of comorbidities, and delay in treatment. Although there are several limitations to this analysis, the study reports on relevant disparities regarding a costly neurosurgical intervention, and ways to diminish these disparities should be further explored.
Flexibility and fatigue evaluation of oblique as compared with anterior lumbar interbody cages with integrated endplate fixation
Authors: Freeman Andrew L. , Camisa William J. , Buttermann Glenn R. , Malcolm James R. 
Published: September 2015

OBJECT
This study was undertaken to quantify the in vitro range of motion (ROM) of oblique as compared with anterior lumbar interbody devices, pullout resistance, and subsidence in fatigue.

METHODS
Anterior and oblique cages with integrated plate fixation (IPF) were tested using lumbar motion segments. Flexibility tests were conducted on the intact segments, cage, cage + IPF, and cage + IPF + pedicle screws (6 anterior, 7 oblique). Pullout tests were then performed on the cage + IPF. Fatigue testing was conducted on the cage + IPF specimens for 30,000 cycles.

RESULTS
No ROM differences were observed in any test group between anterior and oblique cage constructs. The greatest reduction in ROM was with supplemental pedicle screw fixation. Peak pullout forces were 637 ± 192 N and 651 ± 127 N for the anterior and oblique implants, respectively. The median cage subsidence was 0.8 mm and 1.4 mm for the anterior and oblique cages, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Anterior and oblique cages similarly reduced ROM in flexibility testing, and the integrated fixation prevented device displacement. Subsidence was minimal during fatigue testing, most of which occurred in the first 2500 cycles.
Shrinkage of Satopanth and Bhagirath Kharak Glaciers, India, from 1936 to 2013
Authors: Nainwal H.C. , Banerjee Argha , Shankar R. , Semwal Prabhat , Sharma Tushar 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe have compiled and analysed available records and data on the shrinkage of Satopanth (SPG) and Bhagirath Kharak (BKG) Glaciers, Uttarakhand, India, during the period 1936–2013. We estimate the mean retreat rates of the snouts of SPG and BKG for this period at 9.7±0.8m a–1 and 7.0±0.6m a–1 respectively. We have also revised the estimates of the area vacated during the period 1956–2013 to be 0.27 ± 0.05 km2 and 0.17 ± 0.04 km2 for SPG and BKG respectively, corresponding to front-averaged retreat rates of 5.7±0.6m a–1 and 6.0±0.9m a–1. The study revealed an average thinning of glacial ice in the lower ablation zone of SPG of 9 ± 11 m in the past 51 years. We observed that while the fronts of SPG and BKG depicted in the Survey of India topographic map published in 1962 are inconsistent with other available records, the elevation contours are consistent with them.
Distribution and timing of Holocene and late Pleistocene glacier fluctuations in western Mongolia
Authors: Lehmkuhl Frank , Klinge Michael , Rother Henrik , Hülle Daniela 
Published: September 2015

Abstract.Despite being a key location for paleoglaciological research in north-central Asia, with the largest number of modern and Pleistocene glaciers, and in the transition zone between the humid Russian Altai and dry Gobi Altai, little is known about the precise extent and timing of Holocene and late Pleistocene glaciations in western Mongolia. Here we present detailed information on the distribution of modern and late Holocene glaciers, and new results addressing the geomorphological differentiation and numerical dating (by optically stimulated luminescence, OSL) of Pleistocene glacial sequences in these areas. For the Mongolian Altai, geochronological results suggest large ice advances correlative to marine isotope stages (MIS) 4 and 2. This is in contrast to results from the Khangai mountains, central Mongolia, showing that significant ice advances additionally occurred during MIS3. During the Pleistocene, glacial equilibrium-line altitudes (ELAs) were ~500 to >1000m lower in the more humid portion of the Russian and western Mongolian Altai, compared to 300-600 m in the drier ranges of the eastern Mongolian Altai. Pleistocene ELAs in the Khangai mountains were depressed by 700-1000 m, suggesting more humid conditions at times of major glaciation than in the eastern Mongolian Altai. This paleo-ELA pattern reveals that the precipitation gradient from the drier to the more humid regions was more pronounced during glacial times than at present.
Clinical Complexity in Medicine: A Measurement Model of Task and Patient Complexity
Authors: Weir C. , Del Fiol G. , Islam R. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryBackground: Complexity in medicine needs to be reduced to simple components in a way that is comprehensible to researchers and clinicians. Few studies in the current literature propose a measurement model that addresses both task and patient complexity in medicine. Objective: The objective of this paper is to develop an integrated approach to understand and measure clinical complexity by incorporating both task and patient complexity components focusing on the infectious disease domain. The measurement model was adapted and modified for the healthcare domain. Methods: Three clinical infectious disease teams were observed, audio-recorded and transcribed. Each team included an infectious diseases expert, one infectious diseases fellow, one physician assistant and one pharmacy resident fellow. The transcripts were parsed and the authors independently coded complexity attributes. This baseline measurement model of clinical complexity was modified in an initial set of coding processes and further validated in a consensus-based iterative process that included several meetings and email discussions by three clinical experts from diverse backgrounds from the Department of Biomedical Informatics at the University of Utah. Inter-rater reliability was calculated using Cohen’s kappa. Results: The proposed clinical complexity model consists of two separate components. The first is a clinical task complexity model with 13 clinical complexity-contributing factors and 7 dimensions. The second is the patient complexity model with 11 complexity-contributing factors and 5 dimensions. Conclusion: The measurement model for complexity encompassing both task and patient complexity will be a valuable resource for future researchers and industry to measure and understand complexity in healthcare.
Semi-automation of Doppler Spectrum Image Analysis for Grading Aortic Valve Stenosis Severity
Authors: Balčiunaite G. , Kizlaitis R. J. , Treigys P. , Niakšu O. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryBackground: Doppler echocardiography analysis has become a golden standard in the modern diagnosis of heart diseases. In this paper, we propose a set of techniques for semi-automated parameter extraction for aortic valve stenosis severity grading. Objectives: The main objectives of the study is to create echocardiography image processing techniques, which minimize manual image processing work of clinicians and leads to reduced human error rates. Methods: Aortic valve and left ventricle output tract spectrogram images have been processed and analyzed. A novel method was developed to trace systoles and to extract diagnostic relevant features. The results of the introduced method have been compared to the findings of the participating cardiologists. Results: The experimental results showed the accuracy of the proposed method is comparable to the manual measurement performed by medical professionals. Linear regression analysis of the calculated parameters and the measurements manually obtained by the cardiologists resulted in the strongly correlated values: peak systolic velocity’s and mean pressure gradient’s R2 both equal to 0.99, their means’ differences equal to 0.02 m/s and 4.09 mmHg, respectively, and aortic valve area’s R2 of 0.89 with the two methods means’ difference of 0.19 mm. Conclusions: The introduced Doppler echocardiography images processing method can be used as a computer-aided assistance in the aortic valve stenosis diagnostics. In our future work, we intend to improve precision of left ventricular outflow tract spectrogram measurements and apply data mining methods to propose a clinical decision support system for diagnosing aortic valve stenosis.
Bandes juvéniles, cité ghetto et régulation des turbulences
Authors: Boucher Manuel 
Published: September 2015

Dans un contexte craintif à l’égard de la jeunesse populaire et des « bandes juvéniles », cet article interroge la production de la régulation sociale des désordres dans les cités ségréguées d’un point de vue social et ethnique. En mobilisant les résultats d’une enquête sur les jeunes des quartiers populaires considérés comme « dangereux », ce texte souligne que c’est avant tout l’existence de logiques sécuritaires agressives produites par les forces de l’ordre et le redéploiement du contrôle social local opéré par une pluralité de promoteurs de morale qui sont en cause dans l’éclatement de phénomènes de violences.
Adolescences... Dentelliers et dentellières à l’ouvrage
Authors: Vincent Marc 
Published: September 2015

L’article tente de replacer l’adolescence en tant que moment critique incontournable dans l’évolution naturelle d’un enfant et de sa famille : essayer de comprendre, sans dramatisation pathologisante, la rupture, la désorientation et l’épreuve de reconstruction sans précédent auxquelles parents et adolescents sont confrontés à la fois ensemble et séparément face à cet événement déstabilisateur et trompeur, tant dans ses apparences que dans ses fondements, que va constituer l’adolescence.
De la médiation groupale conte à l’émergence du sujet
Authors: Lego Gaëlle 
Published: September 2015

Dans le traitement de pathologies graves, les groupes thérapeutiques nous autorisent le maniement d’un transfert tant horizontal que vertical. Ce chassé-croisé d’interactions nous permet d’obtenir une fragmentation, non négligeable, des effets transférentiels. Les contes œuvrent comme « enveloppe sécurisante » pour accueillir les affects régressifs, les motions pulsionnelles archaïques. Structurés à partir de la loi de la parole et de la transmission des interdits fondamentaux, ils sont le véhicule d’une codification et d’une organisation de l’expérience sociale et psychique. Nous verrons, avec Constantin, comment nos interventions consistent d’abord à faire barrage avec la jouissance envahissante d’un réel hallucinatoire. Ensuite, « savoir ne pas savoir » à la place du sujet va lui autoriser une invention singulière. C’est par la dynamique groupale que ce sujet « persécuté » a pu obtenir une relative stabilisation : de la déviation de la pulsion de mort à l’émergence d’une subjectivité.
Les faux-semblants d’une « bioéthique de la famille »
Authors: Fillod Odile 
Published: September 2015

Le rapport commandé à Irène Théry en préparation du grand projet de loi sur la famille enterré au printemps 2014 ne laisse pas de susciter des commentaires. Le théologien Vincent Leclercq en propose une évaluation éthique basée sur quatre critères : « le lien entre sexualité et fécondité », « la place du tiers dans la relation à l’origine », « le roc de la différence sexuelle » et « la vie reçue comme don ». Prenant la forme tantôt d’un conséquentialisme invoquant des répercussions pour le moins hypothétiques, tantôt d’un déontologisme fondé sur des principes flous et problématiques, l’argumentaire qu’il déploie échoue à convaincre de la pertinence de ses conclusions concernant le rapport Théry, et au-delà de la pertinence de tels critères d’évaluation. Pour qu’un débat constructif puisse se développer autour des questions traitées dans le rapport, qui touchent à des normes si prégnantes qu’elles suscitent bien souvent des indignations morales irraisonnées, il importerait au contraire d’en clarifier les enjeux éthiques avec rigueur.
Human enhancement : les principaux enjeux éthiques
Authors: Baertschi Bernard 
Published: September 2015

L’être humain est insatisfait de sa situation et, depuis toujours, tente d’y remédier en s’améliorant. Pendant longtemps, il a dû se contenter de dispositifs d’une efficacité relative, en tout cas lorsqu’il s’agissait de rendre meilleures ses capacités cognitives ou morales. Depuis peu, l’être humain dispose de moyens plus prometteurs, dont des substances médicamenteuses agissant sur le cerveau. Y a-t-il un problème moral à s’améliorer ainsi ? Certains estiment que c’est le cas, car de tels moyens ne sont pas naturels et priveraient son bénéficiaire de tout mérite. À mon avis, ces objections ne sont pas convaincantes ; toutefois d’autres soucis, plus réels, subsistent, qui concernent les risques encourus pour la santé, l’érosion du caractère (s’habituer à résoudre ses problèmes par des médicaments), la justice distributive (qui pourra en bénéficier ?) et la pression sociale (si mes concurrents s’améliorent pharmacologiquement, je devrai le faire aussi). Ce dernier souci m’apparaît comme particulièrement sérieux, si bien que, en définitive, il se pourrait qu’une telle amélioration rendre notre vie pire : contrairement aux apparences, ce ne serait pas une véritable amélioration.
L’augmentation humaine « underground » : quelles limites pour le corps ?
Authors: Nascimento-Duarte Barbara 
Published: September 2015

Cet article traite du thème de la modification corporelle d’un genre extrême en se focalisant sur la mouvance du body hacking , ou le piratage du corps . Ancrée dans l’ère du tout technologique, elle s’illustre par l’émergence d’un modèle organique rationnel de plus en plus étendu socialement utilisant des matériaux artificiels. Leur illustration se trouve dans le déploiement de puces électroniques sous-cutanées, les implants magnétiques, le remplacement de l’épiderme par des plaques en titane, ou encore les implants génitaux vibrants. En augmentant la capacité sensorielle, ces body hackers ou pirates du corps proposent de nouvelles émotions qui participent au développement d’un rapport inédit à l’organisme. Parallèlement, ils ont pour objectif premier de déconstruire la normativité corporelle en s’émancipant du déterminisme post-humain . Nous proposons d’identifier le traitement que ces acteurs réservent au corps : quelle lecture en font-ils, et en conséquence, quel organisme construisent-ils et projettent-ils et pour quel homme ? Cet article est le fruit d’un travail ethnographique international qui porte sur l’ensemble de ces nouvelles pratiques liées aux modifications corporelles et de ses augmentations, cette étude identifie la mutation de l’organisme opérant au sein de nos sociétés. Elle montre les nouvelles interactions que l’homme entretient avec la technologie, non pour compenser un handicap, mais pour développer de nouvelles fonctions.
Les médecins et la médiatisation de la « théorie des climats » dans la France des Lumières
Authors: Fournier Patrick 
Published: September 2015

De la peste provençale de 1720-1722 à la Révolution française, la « théorie des climats », issue de la tradition hippocratique et réactualisée par Montesquieu, connaît une médiatisation croissante. L’analyse de ce phénomène est ici fondée sur l’étude de correspondances et de publications dans les revues savantes et les journaux médicaux du xviii e siècle. La médiatisation y est l’instrument d’une politisation du rôle des médecins qui font de l’étude du climat et de l’environnement un enjeu majeur de la légitimité de leur savoir et de leur intervention dans l’espace public.
L’écologie bretonne dans les pages d’ Oxygène (1978-1985)
Authors: Siloret Martin 
Published: September 2015

Créé en 1979, le mensuel écologiste breton Oxygène devient aussitôt une référence pour nombre de militants. Issu des combats environnementaux et anti-nucléaires en Bretagne, il témoigne de l’émergence d’une culture politique et militante écologiste contestataire, structurée à l’échelle régionale. L’évolution d’ Oxygène après 1981 reflète les difficultés traversées alors par le mouvement écologiste en Bretagne comme ailleurs. La contradiction entre « recentrage associatif » et engagement politique se fait jour, tandis que le reflux militant tarit à la fois le lectorat et les contributions à la revue, aboutissant à sa disparition en 1985.
René Dumont et la télévision
Authors: Delporte Christian 
Published: September 2015

La télévision fit beaucoup pour la notoriété de René Dumont, et lui-même sut habilement s’en servir pour promouvoir ses idées et ses livres. S’il est présent – sollicité comme « expert » - sur le petit écran dès les années 1960, c’est, bien sûr, sa campagne télévisée de 1974 qui marque les esprits et fige son personnage. Devenu l’incarnation de l’écologie politique, Dumont est désormais, pour toujours, le « père des écologistes ». Le présent article vise à montrer l’influence décisive de la télévision dans la construction de son image.