bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study examining rates of medical staff recognition of pressure ulceration in hospital inpatients
Authors: Blackman Jonathan , Walsgrove Joe , Gunawardena Indunil 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Background
The incidence of pressure ulceration among UK hospital inpatients has been estimated at 10.2–10.3%. These patients are at increased risk of developing osteomyelitis and subsequent sepsis. This study sought to test whether medical staff recognition rates of hospital inpatients with pressure ulceration were low and to consider underlying causes and potential solutions.

Methods
Interviews were conducted with nursing staff on multiple wards in July 2012 to obtain a definitive list of patients with pressure ulcers, with their corresponding location and grade. Junior members of medical teams with responsibility for the same group of patients were independently interviewed and asked to identify all patients who they knew to have pressure ulcers. The number correctly identified by the medical teams was compared with the total number of known pressure ulcers to produce a recognition rate. Patients with clinical evidence of sepsis were highlighted.

Results
Twenty-seven patients on five wards were identified by nursing staff as having pressure ulceration areas. Nine patients were stated to have multiple pressure ulceration areas, giving a total of 38 pressure ulcers. Medical teams correctly identified eight of 27 (29.6%) of these patients. The correct site and grade was identified in four of 38 (10.5%) and two of 38 (5.3%) cases, respectively. Of these patients 14/27 (51.8%) had evidence of infection. In this subgroup five of 14 (35.7%) were correctly identified as having pressure ulceration areas.

Conclusions
The lack of medical awareness could lead to delayed recognition of deep-seated infection or osteomyelitis. Reasons for this are likely to be multifactorial and require a combination of cultural change, improved education and improved information sharing.
Gastric Parietal Cell Antibodies, Helicobacter Pylori Infection, and Chronic Atrophic Gastritis: Evidence from a Large Population-based Study in Germany
Authors: Zhang Yan , Weck Melanie N. , Schöttker Ben , Rothenbacher Dietrich , Brenner Hermann 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Background: Striking similarities between autoimmune gastritis and Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori)-associated gastritis have suggested a potential link between these two pathologic conditions in the progression of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG); however, evidence has remained conflicting.
Methods: Serum pepsinogen I and II, and antibodies against H. pylori in general, the cytotoxin-associated gene A protein (CagA) and parietal cells were measured by ELISA in 9,684 subjects aged 50 to 74 years. Antigastric parietal cell antibody (APCA) prevalence was examined in the overall population and according to sex, age, and H. pylori serostatus. The association between APCA prevalence and CAG was assessed by logistic regression, overall and according to H. pylori status, controlling for potential confounding factors.
Results: Overall APCA prevalence was 19.5%. APCA prevalence was strongly associated with CAG, and the association was increasing with increasing severity of CAG. Furthermore, the association between APCA and CAG was even stronger among H. pylori-negative subjects [odds ratio (OR) = 11.3; 95% confidence interval (CI): 7.5–17.1)] than among H. pylori-positive subjects (OR = 2.6; 95% CI: 2.1–3.3).
Conclusions: APCA may play a role on the development of gastric atrophy, irrespective of H. pylori infection.
Impact: Assessment of APCA might be a useful complement to established markers (such as pepsinogens and H. pylori antibodies) in screening for CAG. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(5); 821–6. ©2013 AACR.
Coordinate Direct Input of Both KRAS and IGF1 Receptor to Activation of PI3 kinase in KRAS-Mutant Lung Cancer
Authors: Molina-Arcas Miriam , Hancock David C. , Sheridan Clare , Kumar Madhu S. , Downward Julian 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Using a panel of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) lines, we show here that MAP-ERK kinase (MEK) and RAF inhibitors are selectively toxic for the KRAS-mutant genotype, whereas phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), AKT, and mTOR inhibitors are not. IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) tyrosine kinase inhibitors also show selectivity for KRAS-mutant lung cancer lines. Combinations of IGF1R and MEK inhibitors resulted in strengthened inhibition of KRAS-mutant lines and also showed improved effectiveness in autochthonous mouse models of Kras-induced NSCLC. PI3K pathway activity is dependent on basal IGF1R activity in KRAS-mutant, but not wild-type, lung cancer cell lines. KRAS is needed for both MEK and PI3K pathway activity in KRAS-mutant, but not wild-type, lung cancer cells, whereas acute activation of KRAS causes stimulation of PI3K dependent upon IGF1R kinase activity. Coordinate direct input of both KRAS and IGF1R is thus required to activate PI3K in KRAS-mutant lung cancer cells.
Significance: It has not yet been possible to target RAS proteins directly, so combined targeting of effector pathways acting downstream of RAS, including RAF/MEK and PI3K/AKT, has been the most favored approach to the treatment of RAS-mutant cancers. This work sheds light on the ability of RAS to activate PI3K through direct interaction, indicating that input is also required from a receptor tyrosine kinase, IGF1R in the case of KRAS-mutant lung cancer. This suggests potential novel combination therapeutic strategies for NSCLC. Cancer Discov; 3(5); 548–63. ©2013 AACR.
See related commentary by Chen and Sweet-Cordero, p. 491
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 471
Heterodera hainanensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Heteroderinae) from bamboo in Hainan Province, China – a new cyst nematode in the Afenestrata group
Authors: Zhuo Kan , Wang Honghong , Ye Weimin , Peng Deliang , Liao Jinling 
Published: March 2013

Heterodera hainanensis n. sp. is described and illustrated from bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) based on morphology and molecular analyses of rRNA D2D3 region of LSU and ITS. This new species belongs to the Afenestrata group and is characterised by lemon-shaped cyst with prominent vulval cone and vulval cone without fenestration and bullae but with weak and furcate underbridge. The second-stage juvenile (J2) has two lip annuli, a 15.8-17.5 μm long stylet with rounded knobs sloping slightly posteriorly, three incisures in the lateral field and a conical tail with hyaline portion forming 52.3-71.1% of the tail length. Heterodera hainanensis n. sp. most closely resembles species in the Afenestrata group but is distinguished from these species by a number of characters, including cyst shape and size, the presence of an underbridge, vulval slit length, J2 stylet length, stylet knobs shape, incisure number and lip annule number. Molecular analysis reveals that this species has unique LSU D2D3 and ITS rRNA sequences and RFLP-ITS-rRNA profiles, and it is most closest to H. koreana in dendrograms inferred from both markers. A key to all species of the Afenestrata group is presented.
Morphological and molecular characterisation of Paralongidorus plesioepimikis n. sp. (Nematoda: Longidoridae) from southern Spain
Authors: Palomares-Rius Juan E. , Cantalapiedra-Navarrete Carolina , Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez Carlos , Liébanas Gracia , Castillo Pablo 
Published: March 2013

Paralongidorus plesioepimikis n. sp. is described and illustrated by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and molecular studies from specimens collected in a sandy soil in the rhizosphere of stone pine (Pinus pinea) in Bonares (Huelva Province), southern Spain. The new species is characterised by a very long body (9.71-14.11 mm), an expanded and rounded lip region, with a clear constriction followed by a depression posterior to the amphidial aperture, a very long and flexible odontostyle (202-227 μm), guiding ring located at 36.5-44.0 μm from anterior end, dorsal pharyngeal gland nucleus in anterior part of bulb, one subventral pair of nuclei near middle of bulb, vulva at 33-38%, and a dorsally convex tail with rounded terminus (32-39 μm long). SEM observations showed a very large amphidial fovea with conspicuous aperture ca three-fourths as wide as lip region and cephalic papillae appearing as small apertures, each located just anterior to a distinct cephalic lobe. The sequences of the D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA, partial 18S rRNA and ITS rRNA gene for P. plesioepimikis n. sp. were obtained. Phylogenetic analyses of P. plesioepimikis n. sp. rRNA gene sequences and of Paralongidorus spp. and Longidorus spp. sequences published in GenBank were done using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian inference. Paralongidorus species (including P. plesioepimikis n. sp.) clustered together, except for P. bikanerensis which clustered within Longidorus spp. and was clearly separated from all other Paralongidorus spp. in trees generated from the D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S and partial 18S data set. ML analysis using SH-test for the validity of Paralongidorus was performed and showed the validity of the genus using the D2-D3 expansion segment of 28S and partial 18S.
The Silence of the Origin: Philosophy in Transition and the Essence of Thinking
Authors: Keane Niall 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
This article pursues Heidegger’s protracted engagement with the question of silent origins. First, I explore the so-called transitional thinking grounded in the fundamental attunement of reticence as it is put forward in the Beiträge zur Philosophie. Second, I consider the complex matter of Heidegger’s reference to the intimate, yet distinct, roles of poetry and thinking when it comes to articulating a response to the attunement of reticence. I then move to explain what is at stake in Heidegger’s engagement with Hölderlin on the nature of language, silence, and listening. This latter task involves analyzing Heidegger’s contention that Hölderlin’s poetic thought is both philosophically exemplary and futural. Finally, since I take Heidegger’s interpretation of Hölderlin to be a critical appropriation, we must assess the coherence of his redeployment of Hölderlin’s thought models, especially, I will claim, his appropriation of the halfgods.
From the New Geopolitics of Resources to Nanotechnology: Emerging Challenges of Globalism in Antarctica
Authors: Hemmings Alan D. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The Antarctic regime does not face imminent collapse, but its apparent calm disguises significant ecological and geopolitical instability. Over the past 15 years, the picture of human activity in Antarctica has transformed from one still heavily terrestrially focussed, dominated by national Antarctic programmes, largely science focussed, and situated within a Cold-War geopolitics, to one where diverse activities, increasingly including the marine environment, involving a much wider group of actors and commercial imperatives, is the norm. Globalism has brought new pressures, and increased intensity of pressures to Antarctica. Whilst the existing Antarctic Treaty System retains a theoretical capacity to develop standards and provide regulation, it has shown no obvious inclination to do so for a decade and a half. Critically, the system seems to have lost confidence in Antarctic exceptionalism as its organising principle, and to lack administrative capacity to address substantive issues. Given technology’s overcoming of the natural defences of Antarctica, if globalism now denies us the capacity to treat anywhere differently and thereby disables the principle of Antarctic exceptionalism upon which international governance of the region was predicated, Antarctica faces severe difficulties. This paper argues for continuing special treatment of Antarctica and a new deliberative exceptionalism. It suggests that significant unresolved issues within the present Antarctic dispensation need attention, notably the beginning of a debate on the abandonment of territorial sovereignty claims, a more coherent institutional development and the establishment of a political level Meeting of Parties in addition to the current officials-only meetings.
Indigenous Self-Government in the Arctic, and their Right to Land and Natural Resources
Authors: Eide Asbjørn 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The article examines the evolution in international law of indigenous self-government and their control over their land and resources, and explores the extent to which this is being followed up at the national level with particular emphasis on Arctic and other Northern indigenous peoples. It starts by discussing the concept of ‘indigenous peoples’, noting that most of them live in areas that have until recently been considered to be marginal by the dominant parts of society, and observes that two contradictory trends can presently be observed: On the one hand a growing pressure, in the context of expanding economic globalisation and intensification of consumption, for access to the natural resources in the areas where they live, but on the other hand a growing resistance through improved organisation by the indigenous peoples themselves and by a growing recognition of their rights under international law. The impact of this general evolution at the global level on specific cases are examined with regards to the Inuit-controlled self-government of Nunavut in Canada, the move towards full independence of Inuit-controlled Greenland, and the evolution of Sámi self-management in Sámi land of Fenno-Scandinavia.
L'ipertesto: Genere Letterario Marginale o Emergente? Un'indagine Sugli Ipertesti di Italo Calvino
Authors: Pilz Kerstin 
Published: March 2013

I romanzi lunghi scritti oggi forse sono un controsenso: la dimensione del tempo è andata in frantumi, non possiamo vivere o pensare se non spezzoni di tempo che s'allontanano ognuno lungo una sua traiettoria e subito spariscono. ltalo Calvino, Se una notte d'inverno un viaggiatore
Translating the Contemporaneity of Neodialect Italian Poetry
Authors: Vitiello Justin 
Published: March 2013

- Translation not only transforms other literatures, their authors and translating authors, but in repressive societies serves specifically as an instrument to educate, inform, and alter political and hence literary values. In totalitarian states, modes of expression not permitted native authors are allowed foreign authors in translation.1 - There has never been a creative flowering of dialect poetry like the one … taking place since the Seventies, so purposeful, cultured, often followed in many authors by the definitive renunciation of poetry in Italian … Never as in recent years has dialect appeared …, according to De Sanctis's prophecy, as “the new seedbed of literary languages.” And never as in recent years has dialect been so widely mentioned in one breath with “expressive avant-garde” and “experimentation.”2
CENNI SULLA FRASE IPOTETICA IN DUE DIALETTI DELL' ALTO MOLISE
Authors: Iannacito-Provenzano Roberta 
Published: March 2013

Quest'articolo consiste nel fornire un quadro descrittivo delle diverse configurazioni del periodo ipotetico in alcuni dialetti molisani della zona isernina. I dialetti rappresentativi in esame appartengono a Villa San Michelle (frazione del comune di Vastogirardi) e a Forli del Sannio, due località nella zona isernina. Si mira a colmare le lacune in questo campo presentando i vari costrutti riscontrati prima di tutto in una serie di registrazioni basate sulla ricerca sul campo a Villa San Michele e, in secondo luogo, esaminando le frasi ipotetiche, che dovrebbero essere riflessioni autentiche del parlato, incluse in alcune commedie scritte dal noto commediografo, pittore, poeta e maestro Antonio Angelone (1933) nel dialetto forlivese. In primo luogo vengono trattate le frasi ipotetiche della realtà che comunque non presentano straordinarie varianti a confronto con il generale assetto linguistico delle zone contigue. In seguito si indaga in maniera approfondita sulla frase ipotetica dell'irrealtà nei dialetti in esame e si presentano dieci configurazioni diverse per questo tipo. Per quanto riguarda il periodo ipotetico dell'irrealtà nel passato vengono esaminate in modo dettagliato anche le varie combinazioni con l'imperfetto dell'indicativo, caratteristica normale in questa zona.
L'ITALIANO E LA PREDICAZIONE DI UN SACERDOTE DI PROVINCIA TRA SETTE E OTTOCENTO
Authors: Librandi Rita 
Published: March 2013

The language of sermons is one of the study areas on the forms and the communicative strategies developed by the Catholic Church. Often in the preaching language, elegance and rules bent to pedagogical criteria in order to catch up a greater number of worshippers. Even Domenico Lentini, a minor clergyman active in Basilicata at the beginning of XIX century, addressed to communicative effectiveness, while working meticulously on the words, structures and congruity of his own texts. These also were the ways through which, in many regions of the Italian peninsula, the words of the still little known Italian language, reached the ears of the people.
Borderlines: 8½, SOGNI D'ORO and the Real-Dream Continuum
Authors: Brook Clodagh 
Published: March 2013

This article explores the treatment of dream and reality in Federico Fellini's 8½ (1963) and Nanni Moretti's Sogni d'oro (1981), exploring in particular the way boundaries between the states are drawn and disrupted, and the implications this disruption has for the structure of the films and for their creation of meaning. The article's approach owes more to semiotics and to recent cognitive/experimental accounts of dreaming than it does to Freudian, Jungian, or Lacanian interpretations. I make reference to a range of European and American films (e.g. Belle de jour, Persona, Vanilla Sky) which are similar (in terms of their treatment of dream) to Fellini and Moretti's films. The article argues that Deleuze's theory of cinematic dream (whereby the dream is structured as a large circuit which returns ‘in the end to the situation which set it off’) fails to account for the narrative structure of films such as 8½ and Sogni d'oro; it favors instead Halpern's metaphor of the real-dream continuum. I describe how these films instigate the continuum and then explore the rather intriguing consequences for character subjectivity, plot development, and spectator involvement.
METODOLOGIE DI SOVVERSIONE: MONTE IGNOSO DI PAOLA MASINO
Authors: Boero Silvia 
Published: March 2013

Monte Ignoso (1931) è una cupa storia d'amore e morte dai risvolti profondamente edipici. La maternità — protagonista principale del romanzo — strettamente correlata alla sessuofobia, è considerata un'imposizione ed una condanna; all'estremo opposto sta l'infanzia, intesa come momento magico dell'esistenza umana, che le imposizioni sociali distruggono in un crescendo di gretta convenzionalità tipica delle consuetudini borghesi. Nonostante un immediato successo di pubblico, MI ebbe diverse recensioni negative, tra le quali quella di Gadda, che trovò lo stile della Masino infarcito di futurismi decadenti, ne criticò l'ipersurrealismo, e non ne comprese il voluto stravolgimento grammaticale. MI fu altrettanto stroncato negli anni seguenti dalla critica fascista, che lo denunciò come eversivo a causa dei toni sommessi eppure pericolosamente destabilizzanti per la propaganda demografica; toni che si faranno sempre più pesanti nelle altre produzioni dell'autrice, fino ad esplodere nel suo più maturo romanzo, Nascita e Morte della Massaia.
AMELIA ROSSELLI DOPO LE VARIAZIONI: ANALISI E APPUNTI DI METODO
Authors: Casadei Alberto 
Published: March 2013

L'opera di Amelia Rosselli è stata sinora esaminata soprattutto con strumenti linguistici o psicanalitici. Proseguendo alcune sue ricerche, l'autore propone qui una chiave di lettura legata invece alla nuova Cognitive poetics e a una rinnovata analisi stilistica. I singoli tratti ‘marcati’ vengono inquadrati in alcune tendenze più generali, per esempio quelle che portano Amelia Rosselli a distruggere le normali convenzioni spaziotemporali per riconfigurare suoi propri spazi e tempi vitali. Il confronto con alcune teorie delle neuroscienze non mira quindi a cancellare la specificità poetica, bensì ad aumentare la conoscenza degli ambiti sinora meno sondati della creatività e dell'ispirazione. La nozione di stile può assumere valenze inedite ed essere sondata anche in ambiti lirici decisamente oscuri o apparentemente fuori da ogni regola. Si aprono così prospettive interessanti per ripensare alla nostra stessa concezione del genere lirico.
L'IMMAGINARIO TRIESTINO IN SABA: LE PROMENADES DAI COLLI AL MARE
Authors: Bologna Mirco 
Published: March 2013

L'articolo intende fare luce sulle relazioni tra Saba e la sua città e sull'eredità di Trieste nella cultura e nella poesia sabiane, allo scopo di definire precisamente l'immagine triestina per come risulta dalla lettura del Canzoniere. Nella prima parte si fornisce una serie di dati qualitativi e quantitativi sulla presenza del paesaggio di Trieste nella produzione di Saba (con particolare attenzione alla raccolta Trieste e una donna), inclusi scritti privati e discorsi pubblici solitamente tenuti in scarsa considerazione. Sulla base di tali suggerimenti, e di una analisi ravvicinata di alcuni brani, nella seconda è avanzata una proposta di interpretazione dei modi di osservazione della città. Come risulta dalla lettura di molti dei testi del Canzoniere, il tema è svolto attraverso il genere della promenades, con cui il poeta si appropria della sua città, percorrendola ‘dai colli al mare’ e sottoponendola ad un ideale processo di esplorazione e ri-scoperta.
A New Approach to an Old Question: On the Characters of Manzoni's I PROMESSI SPOSI
Authors: Ferri Luigi G. 
Published: March 2013

The article engages in the critical debate on the interpretation of the system of characters in Alessandro Manzoni's I promessi sposi (1840). After a summary of some well-known schematic representations of the novel based on the function that the characters have in the development of the story (i.e., Italo Calvino 1973, Franco Fido 1974, Feruccio Ulivi 1974, and Angelo Marchese 1987), the article suggests a different approach to the question, based on the analysis of the occhiello, the illustration embellishing the title page of the 1840 edition of I promessi sposi. The image — based on an original drawing by the painter Francesco Gonin — is interpreted as a metaphorical representation of the relationships among characters developed by Manzoni. After an analytical description of the illustration, proposing its ideal subdivision into vertical and horizontal axes that serve to connect characters and narrative episodes, the article concludes on the importance of the occhiello as part of the set of engravings that illustrate the novel.
Transgressive Rhetoric and Reactionary Politics: Avant-Gardism, Fascism, and the Language of Purification in Italy
Authors: Ferrari Chiara 
Published: March 2013

This article describes the ways in which the transgressive rhetoric of futurism has underpinned the rhetoric of Italian fascism, not only in its early years, as has been more frequently analyzed, but also during the later regime phase (1932–1940). The continued influence of futurism beyond the early “revolutionary” years of fascism has not received equal attention, largely because this period has been identified with reactionary politics and hence is seen as less resonant with futurism's emphasis on the necessity of breaking from traditional political and religious institutions. It argues that Futurism provided the regime with a vocabulary of regeneration and purification, one that was used both to redefine the ideal fascist man and to imbue the state with a religious dimension. It did so both in a spatial sense, defending a sacred center from a polluted periphery and a temporal one that sought to reclaim a Roman heritage and to project a radical continuity into the future.