bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymorphisms in TNC and COL5A1 genes are associated with risk of superficial digital flexor tendinopathy in National Hunt Thoroughbred racehorses
Authors: Tully L. J. , Murphy A. M. , Smith R. K. W. , Hulin‐Curtis S. L. , Verheyen K. L. P. , Price J. S. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryReasons for performing the studyTo explore whether genetic susceptibility is a potential risk factor for superficial digital flexor (SDF) tendinopathy in Thoroughbred (TB) racehorses.ObjectivesTo identify informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that capture genetic diversity across a range of candidate genes and to investigate, in a case–control study, their association with SDF tendinopathy in UK National Hunt TB racehorses in training.Study designCase–control candidate gene association study.MethodsThis study used in silico gene assembly and DNA sequencing to screen candidate genes for SNPs. Seven candidate genes were selected using a hypothesis‐driven approach: tenascin‐C (TNC), collagen, type 1, α 1 (COL1A1), collagen, type 5, α 1 (COL5A1), matrix metalloproteinase type 3 (MMP3), matrix metalloproteinase type 13 (MMP13), fibromodulin (FMOD) and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP). The SNPs were validated in DNA isolated from 48 TB racehorses and used to genotype 270 racehorses with SDF tendinopathy and 270 yard‐matched controls. Genotyping of cases and controls was performed using SNaPshot™.ResultsRacehorses heterozygous for the TNC BIEC2‐696469 polymorphism were less likely to have SDF tendinopathy than racehorses homozygous for the wild‐type allele (odds ratio [OR] 0.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.36–0.85, P = 0.01). This finding remained significant after adjustment for age and racing background (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.36–0.92, P = 0.03). Racehorses homozygous for the novel COL5A1 COL5A1_01 variant allele were nearly 3 times more likely to have SDF tendinopathy than those homozygous for the wild‐type allele (OR 2.82, 95% CI 1.25–6.35, P = 0.01); this association remained significant after adjustment for age and racing background (OR 2.77, 95% CI 1.18–6.53, P = 0.03).ConclusionsResults suggest that sequence variants in TNC and COL5A1 genes are associated with SDF tendinopathy in TB racehorses. In future genetic markers may be used to identify horses at risk of SDF tendinopathy.
A new energy‐based isothermal and thermo‐mechanical fatigue lifetime prediction model for aluminium–silicon–magnesium alloy
Authors: Farrahi G. H. , Azadi M. , Winter G. , Eichlseder W. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a new fatigue lifetime prediction model is presented for the aluminium–silicon–magnesium alloy, A356.0. This model is based on the plastic strain energy density per cycle including two correction factors in order to consider the effect of the mean stress and the maximum temperature. The thermal term considers creep and oxidation damages in A356.0 alloy. To calibrate the model, isothermal fatigue and out‐of‐phase thermo‐mechanical fatigue (TMF) tests were conducted on the A356.0 alloy. Results showed an improvement in predicting fatigue lifetimes by the present model in comparison with classical theories and also the plastic strain energy density (without any correction factors). Therefore, this model is applicable for TMF, low cycle fatigue (LCF) and both TMF/LCF lifetimes of the A356.0 alloy. Furthermore, this model can be easily used for the estimation of thermo‐mechanical conditions in components such as cylinder heads.
How comparable are species distributions along elevational and latitudinal climate gradients?
Authors: Halbritter Aud H. , Alexander Jake M. , Edwards Peter J. , Billeter Regula 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimBecause climatic factors, especially temperature, show similar trends with elevation and latitude, it is often assumed that elevational gradients can be used as a proxy for understanding ecological processes along latitudinal gradients. We investigated the validity of this assumption for herbaceous plants, testing the hypotheses that (1) species reach the same climate limits, and (2) exhibit similar distribution patterns along both types of gradient.LocationSwissAlps andScandinavia.MethodsWe recorded the occurrence of 155 ruderal plant species along an elevational gradient in the Swiss Alps and a latitudinal gradient, both reaching beyond the distribution limit of most species. Principal components analysis was used to summarize climatic variation in temperature and precipitation across these gradients and assessed the relationship across species between climatic limits along the two gradients. We used logistic regressions to compare how the probability of occurrence of individual species changed with climate along the two gradients.ResultsWe found no correlation of species principal components analysis (PCA) values (climate limit) along an elevational and latitudinal precipitation gradient (PC1) but a positive correlation along a temperature gradient (PC2). Species reached a colder climate limit (on average 244 growing degree days lower) and decreased in occurrence more gradually along the elevational compared to the latitudinal gradient.Main conclusionsWe suggest that the differences in distribution patterns and limits along similar climatic gradients are mainly due to the much shorter dispersal distances along elevational than latitudinal gradients, although other explanations are also possible. We can therefore expect plants in mountains and lowland regions to respond differently to rapid climate change, and so caution must be exercised when using elevation as a proxy for latitude in studies of species distribution. Nonetheless, comparative studies along such gradients can yield important insights into the factors that limit species distributions.
Inhibition of androgen induces autophagy in benign prostate epithelial cells
Authors: Li Mengqiang , Yang Xu , Wang Huili , Xu Enci , Xi Zhijun 
Published: July 2013

Objective5‐α Reductase inhibitor can reduce the volume of benign prostatic hyperplasia by lowering benign prostatic hyperplasia level and consequently inducing epithelial cells apoptosis. The present study investigated whether autophagy and apoptosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia epithelial cells are influenced by low benign prostatic hyperplasia levels.MethodsPWR‐1E prostate epithelial cells transfected with GFP‐LC3 plasmid were subjected to androgen deprivation conditions. Then the autophagic puncta were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy, and the cellular apoptosis rate was detected by 4, 6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole staining after blocking of autophagic process by 3‐methyladenine. Furthermore, autophagy status was also determined in hyperplasia prostate tissues from 5‐α reductase inhibitor‐treated patients by immunohistochemistry.ResultsIn the androgen deprivation medium, autophagic punta increased markedly in PWR‐1E cells, and blockage of autophagy by 3‐methyladenine significantly promoted PWR‐1E cells’ apoptosis rate. In vivo, the expression of LC3 protein (an important autophagic marker) in hyperplasia prostate tissue significantly increased after 5‐α reductase inhibitor treatment. Meanwhile, the prostate‐specific antigen, as an inner control, decreased.Conclusion5‐α Reductase inhibitor treatment increases autophagy and possibly decreases the apoptosis of prostate epithelial cells.
The Effects of Ownership Structure on Corporate Financing Decisions: Evidence from Stock Market Liberalization
Authors: O'Connor Thomas , Flavin Thomas 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe analyze the impact of firm‐specific stock market liberalization events on the capital structure and debt maturity decisions of firms from emerging market economies. We differentiate between firms based on their ownership structures at the time of liberalization and analyze their post‐liberalization behavior regarding corporate financing decisions. Our empirical results show that single–class‐share firms (typically with stronger corporate governance and better information environments) respond differently to their dual–class‐share counterparts. Liberalization results in lower debt reliance for the former group while the latter lengthen the maturity of their debt portfolios.Jel Classification: F30; G15; G32.
Bodily perspective taking goes social: the role of personal, interpersonal, and intercultural factors
Authors: Mohr Christine , Rowe Angela C. , Kurokawa Izumi , Dendy Laura , Theodoridou Angeliki 
Published: July 2013

AbstractMentally placing the self in the physical position of another person might engage social perspective taking because participants have to match their own position with that of another. We investigated the influence of personal (sex), interpersonal (siblings, parental marital status), and cultural (individualistic, collectivistic) factors on individuals' abilities to mentally take the position of front‐facing and back‐facing figures in an online study (369 participants). Replicating findings from laboratory studies responses were slower for front‐facing than back‐facing figures. Having siblings, parents' marital status, and cultural background influenced task performance in theoretically predictable ways. The present perspective‐taking task is a promising experimental paradigm to assess social perspective taking and one that is free from the response biases inherent in self‐report.
A study to explore the effects of self‐regulated learning environment for hearing‐impaired students
Authors: Chen Y‐T. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAlthough computer‐ and Internet‐aided learning for hearing‐impaired students has been a trend in the modern days, a few studies were done to examine their effectiveness in strengthening learning motivation and, in turn, enhancing learning efficiency. This study attempts to establish an interactive self‐regulated learning environment and employs Attention, Relevance, Confidence, Satisfaction motivation model, hyperlink technology, modular concepts and online learning community to design teaching contents and presentation of teaching materials. An empirical study was conducted to examine the effects of hearing‐impaired students learning motivation and cognitive attitude of learning environment. The results showed that interactive and self‐regulated learning environment could effectively strengthen learning motivation and promote positive learning behaviour in hearing‐impaired students.
Using the Donabedian framework to examine the quality and safety of nursing service innovation
Authors: Gardner Glenn , Gardner Anne , O'Connell Jane 
Published: July 2013

Aims and objectivesTo evaluate the safety and quality of nurse practitioner service using the audit framework of Structure, Process and Outcome.BackgroundHealth service and workforce reform are on the agenda of governments and other service providers seeking to contain healthcare costs whilst providing safe and effective health care to communities. The nurse practitioner service is one health workforce innovation that has been adopted globally to improve timely access to clinical care, but there is scant literature reporting evaluation of the quality of this service innovation.DesignA mixed‐methods design within the Donabedian evaluation framework was used.MethodsThe Donabedian framework was used to evaluate the Structure, Process and Outcome of nurse practitioner service. A range of data collection approaches was used, including stakeholder survey (n = 36), in‐depth interviews (11 patients and 13 nurse practitioners) and health records data on service processes.ResultsThe study identified that adequate and detailed preparation of Structure and Process is essential for the successful implementation of a service innovation. The multidisciplinary team was accepting of the addition of nurse practitioner service, and nurse practitioner clinical care was shown to be effective, satisfactory and safe from the perspective of the clinician stakeholders and patients.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that the Donabedian framework of Structure, Process and Outcome evaluation is a valuable and validated approach to examine the safety and quality of a service innovation. Furthermore, in this study, specific Structure elements were shown to influence the quality of service processes further validating the framework and the interdependence of the Structure, Process and Outcome components.Relevance to clinical practiceUnderstanding the Structure and Process requirements for establishing nursing service innovation lays the foundation for safe, effective and patient‐centred clinical care.
DO LOCATION‐BASED TAX INCENTIVES IMPROVE QUALITY OF LIFE AND QUALITY OF BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT?
Authors: Reynolds C. Lockwood , Rohlin Shawn 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTWe examine how location‐based tax incentives affect quality of life and business environment through changes in property values and equilibrium wages. Using the federal Empowerment Zone program, we determine whether offering tax incentives to firms improves the welfare of the citizens and attractiveness to firms. We demonstrate that quality of life methodologies can be applied using small geographically aggregated data, such as census block groups. We find that the tax incentives offered by the program notably enhances the quality of business environment for firms in the area while modestly improving the quality of life for the individuals living in the area.
Neonatal self‐inflating bags: Achieving titrated oxygen delivery using low flows: An experimental study
Authors: Sasi Arun , Chandrakumar Natarajan , Deorari Ashok , Paul Vinod K , Shankar Jeeva , Sreenivas Vishnubhatla , Agarwal Ramesh 
Published: July 2013

AimTo determine delivered O2 concentration (dFiO2) during manual inflations using neonatal self‐inflating resuscitation bags (SIBs) at oxygen (O2) flow rates <1 L/min.MethodsThis experimental study, determined dFiO2 during 216 sets of manual inflations at different O2 flow rate (L/min; 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 5.0), controlling peak inspiratory pressures (PIP; cm of H2O; 10–15, 15–20 and 20–25), inflation rates (per min; 30, 40 and 60), with and without O2 reservoir using two SIBs – the Laerdal infant resuscitator (240 mL) and Ambu Mark IV resuscitator (300 mL).A leak proof circuit connecting the SIB in series with pressure transducer, O2 analyzer and test lung was used. All possible combinations were tested four times each. The dFiO2 with each possible combination was compared using generalised estimating equation.ResultsThe mean dFiO2 with SIB even without reservoirs varied with rates and PIP from 75 to 93% at O2 flow rate of 5 L/min. At 1 L/min flow itself, 65–85% O2 is delivered. The dFiO2 was reduced to approximately 40% with flow of 0.2 L/min, PIP 20–25 cmH2O and inflations 40–60 per min.ConclusionDuring manual breaths using neonatal SIBs, the delivered O2 concentration of nearly 40% is attained at clinically used inflation pressures and rates by using lower flows. A graded increase in O2 delivery from 40 to 99% was obtained with flow varying from 0.2 to 5 L/min and addition of reservoir. However, even at such low flows, reduction in O2 concentration below 40% was unattained.
Risk tools for the prediction of violence: ‘VRAG, HCR‐20, PCL‐R’
Authors: Jaber F. S. , Mahmoud K. F. 
Published: July 2013

Accessible summary
This paper compare between three tools used in the assessment of patients for the violence risk.
The nurses can use this tools to predict the violent patient so that they can protect themselves and the other patients.
The comparison between this three tools gives the health care provider the ability to choose the best tool that is suitable to situations.
AbstractMany instruments have been introduced as measures of violence risk prediction. Studies on risk assessment displayed two major approaches – clinical risk evaluation and actuarial measures – and three tools were mostly used: (1) Violence Risk Appraisal Guide, (2) Historical‐Clinical‐Risk‐20 item scale and (3) Psychopathy Checklist‐Revised. Although these tools are commonly used in clinical practice, they differ in their uses, benefits and limitations, and their ability to predict future violence. Subsequently, this paper aim to provide the readers an in‐depth description that specifies these aspects, as well as a comparison of these tools in order to help readers decide which tool to use.
The Subjectivity of Habitus
Authors: Chandler Bret 
Published: July 2013

AbstractDeparting from Bourdieu's collective habitus, this essay develops a theory of the subjectivity of habitus, meaning the social‐psychological processes comprising the agent and fueling deliberation. By incorporating George Ainslie's theory of the will and deliberation as the intertemporal bargaining of a population of interests, I theorize the “saturated agent” composed of an economy of interests, analogous to Bourdieu's “economy of practices” invested and saturated with cultural capital. Here culturally saturated interests negotiate strategically within the agent, with the ending balance constituting the habitus. Additionally, reflexivity becomes amenable to habitus as “desaturation” or suspending the commitment to a set of culturally saturated interests as a result of a crisis, followed by “resaturation”, the restructuring of the economy of interests.
Early English Empiricism and the Work of Catharine Trotter Cockburn
Authors: Duran Jane 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis article examines the work of the seventeenth‐century thinker Catharine Trotter Cockburn with an eye toward explication of her trenchant empiricism, and the foundations upon which it rested. It is argued that part of the originality of Cockburn's work has to do with her consistent line of thought with regard to evidence from the senses and the process of abstract conceptualization; in this she differed strongly from some of her contemporaries. The work of Martha Brandt Bolton and Fidelis Morgan is cited, and there is an auxiliary argument to the effect that Cockburn is probably better known as a playwright than she is as a philosophical thinker.
Getting Luck Properly Under Control
Authors: McKinnon Rachel 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis article proposes a new account of luck and how luck impacts attributions of credit for agents' actions. It proposes an analogy with the expected value of a series of wagers and argues that luck is the difference between actual outcomes and expected value. The upshot of the argument is that when considering the interplay of intention, chance, outcomes, skill, and actions, we ought to be more parsimonious in our attributions of credit when exercising a skill and obtaining successful outcomes, and more generous in our attributions of credit when exercising a skill but obtaining unsuccessful outcomes. Furthermore, the article argues that when agents skillfully perform an action, they deserve the same amount of credit whether their action is successful or unsuccessful in achieving the goal.
Monks, Sovereigns, and Malign Spirits: Profiles of Tengu in Medieval Japan
Authors: Wakabayashi Haruko 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe most significant development in tengu images of medieval Japan is their association with ma (skt. Māra)—an evil that is specific to Buddhism, defined as a force that defies Buddhism or disturbs Buddhist monks and hinders them from attaining enlightenment. They appear as malign spirits that seek to disturb the Buddhist Law and thereby bring chaos to the society, or as enemies of Buddhism that harass the monks and delude the people with their magic tricks. Monks who failed to attain enlightenment could also become a tengu, as they fell into the “realm of tengu” because of their conceit and worldly attachment. While most tengu are simply referred to as “tengu,” we find several outstanding tengu from this period. This essay surveys various images of tengu prominent during the medieval period, particularly between the 12th and 15th centuries, in an effort to critically explore and understand the meanings attributed to these mythical creatures.
Missionary Politics – A Contribution to the Study of Populism
Authors: Zúquete José Pedro 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe sacralization of politics is commonly studied in terms of movements and regimes of the past. This article explains and develops the political–religious concept of missionary politics as an analytical tool to understand political activism in the twenty‐first century. Missionary Politics is a political religion that has at its center a charismatic leadership, a narrative of salvation, ritualization, and the creation of a moral community invested with a collective mission of combating conspiratorial enemies and redeeming the community from its putative crisis. Ongoing research regarding missionary politics demonstrates the continuing importance of the sacralization of the political, which manifests itself in many ways, in contemporary times.
Developments in Hindu Law from the Colonial to the Present
Authors: Acevedo Deepa Das 
Published: July 2013

AbstractHinduism and law have often been understood as Hindu law: A body of fixed positive law and legal hermeneutics that can be used to govern the lives of Hindus. Marriage, adoption, inheritance, property, and contract are just some of the vast areas of private and public life which colonial officials classified under the rubric of Hindu law and attempted to regulate using Sanskrit texts and native scholar‐translators. Which texts were used, in what versions, and to what purposes were animating concerns during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Similarly, colonial officials debated the extent to which material identified as correct Hindu law should be reformed and brought into keeping with modern principles of equality and justice. After independence, the Indian state has been deeply involved in regulating and reforming the lives of its Hindu citizens through constitutional measures as well as through judicial interpretations and legislative reforms. This relationship between the Indian state and Hindu law has generated novel conceptions of secular governance from scholars and legislators while also reaffirming the interdependence of textual analysis and state law.
Improved Estimation in Cumulative Link Models
Authors: Kosmidis Ioannis 
Published: July 2013

SummaryFor the estimation of cumulative link models for ordinal data, the bias reducing adjusted score equations of Firth in 1993 are obtained, whose solution ensures an estimator with smaller asymptotic bias than the maximum likelihood estimator. Their form suggests a parameter-dependent adjustment of the multinomial counts, which in turn suggests the solution of the adjusted score equations through iterated maximum likelihood fits on adjusted counts, greatly facilitating implementation. Like the maximum likelihood estimator, the reduced bias estimator is found to respect the invariance properties that make cumulative link models a good choice for the analysis of categorical data. Its additional finiteness and optimal frequentist properties, along with the adequate behaviour of related asymptotic inferential procedures, make the reduced bias estimator attractive as a default choice for practical applications. Furthermore, the estimator proposed enjoys certain shrinkage properties that are defensible from an experimental point of view relating to the nature of ordinal data.