bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of branched alkyl chains attached at sp3 silicon of donor–acceptor copolymers on their morphology and photovoltaic properties
Authors: Nakanishi Tatsuaki , Shirai Yasuhiro , Yasuda Takeshi , Han Liyuan 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe study the degree of π−π interactions in two copolymers composed of 2‐octylbenzotriazole and dialkyldithienosiloles with linear hexyl (P1) and branched 2‐ethylhexyl groups (P2). Although the branched ethyl group can be positioned above the π‐plane of dithienosilole to bring disadvantage to stack among the polymers, the solid‐state absorption spectra of the polymers reveal that P2 possesses stronger interchain interactions than P1. We also evaluate the photovoltaic properties of each polymer with [6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Functional micropatterned surfaces prepared by simultaneous UV‐lithography and surface segregation of fluorinated copolymers
Authors: Palacios‐Cuesta Marta , Liras Marta , Labrugère Christine , Rodríguez‐Hernández Juan , García Olga 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA new procedure focused on the design and preparation of structured and functional polymer surfaces by combination of two approaches acting simultaneously is developed. The elaboration of micrometer size patterned surfaces by UV‐light lithography is reported where, in addition, the surface chemical composition can be controlled by surface segregation of a fluorinated copolymer incorporated in the photopolymerizable mixture. As evidenced by contact angle and XPS measurements, the surface composition can be modified depending on such factors as with the environmental conditions or the concentration of copolymer in the blend. Moreover, the functionality of the copolymer is enhanced by the surface pattern created. As a consequence, the wettability of the films can be modified depending on the pattern and composition of the blend. By using this methodology, functional adaptive sensitive surfaces with a well‐defined topography will be obtained in one single step and without the use of tedious and time‐consuming multistep procedures. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Carrier recombination and diffusivity in microcrystalline CVD‐grown and single‐crystalline HPHT diamonds
Authors: Ščajev P. , Gudelis V. , Jarašiūnas K. , Kisialiou I. , Ivakin E. , Nesládek M. , Haenen K. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe report investigation of carrier recombination and diffusivity in bulk diamonds of different crystalline structure – microcrystalline (MC) CVD‐grown and single crystalline HPHT diamonds. Presence of neutral and positively charged nitrogen and hydrogen defects was determined from NIR and UV–IR absorption spectra. Carrier injection into 1‐mm thick bulk layers was realized by two‐photon absorption at 351 nm wavelength. Carrier lifetimes of 150–330 ns in IIa type HPHT crystals correlated with N density, while the lifetimes in CVD crystal exhibited very fast (80 ps), slower one (3–8 ns), and µs‐duration thermally‐activated (∼1.5 eV) decay components. The initial two components correlated with the grain size at the front and backsides of the MC diamond. Linearly increasing with injection carrier recombination rates were observed in both CVD and HPHT samples at 800 K, and fitted with effective recombination coefficient B = 3–4 × 10−9 cm3/s. Ambipolar mobility and thermal diffusivity parameters in CVD and HPHT bulk crystals were measured by light‐induced free carrier and thermal grating techniques.
Configuration effects of superlattice‐like phase change material structure
Authors: Zhao R. , Shi L. P. , Tan C. C. , Lee H. K. , Yang H. X. , Law L. T. , Chong T. C. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractSuperlattice‐like (SLL) structure has been proposed to manipulate phase change materials' properties and applied in phase change random access memory to not only reduce programming current but also overcome the trade‐off between crystallization speed and stability. This work investigated the effect of two SLL stack configurations, pair and sandwich structures, on the memory cell. The SLL component phase change material with fast crystallization speed was selected to be deposited first on the bottom electrode. It was found that cell performance was highly dependent on the SLL stack structure. In particular, cell with sandwich SLL structure exhibited the lowest RESET current comparing with cell with pair SLL or single Ge2Sb2Te5 layer. In addition, the evolution of the electrical behavior against the lifetime and I–V characterization measurement showed that sandwich SLL structure possessed better endurance and thermal stability. The possible mechanisms to induce the differences are discussed. These findings enable to exploit phase change materials by structural engineering to meet the requirements of different applications.
Magnetic defects in KTaO3 and KTaO3:Fe nanopowders
Authors: Golovina Iryna , Shanina Bela , Kolesnik Sergiy , Geifman Ilia , Andriiko Alexander 
Published: August 2012

AbstractMagnetic defects in non‐doped and iron‐doped nanopowders of KTaO3 were studied by resonance and static magnetic measurements. The resonance spectra and hysteresis loops of KTaO3:Fe nanocrystalline powders were observed and investigated for the first time. Unlike bulk crystals, both non‐doped and doped nanopowders exhibit two types of resonance lines, paramagnetic ones from the isolated Fe3+ ions and a ferromagnetic signal from ions involved in clusters. Theoretical description and full identification of the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra were made. It was established that low doping (up to 0.4 mol%) increases the number of paramagnetic Fe3+ centers with axial and rhombic symmetries, and has no effect on the centers with cubic symmetry and magnetic clusters. Analysis of the temperature dependence of the spectra showed that the cluster's resonance line follows the Bloch law “T3/2”, which indicates a ferromagnetic nature of the cluster. A partial collapse of the ferromagnetic subsystem in the temperature range of 100–400 K was also found. Magnetization and other characteristics of ferromagnetic and paramagnetic subsystems were determined. An average cluster size was estimated to be equal to a length of 6.2 nm and the fractional volume of the ferromagnetic cluster system was found.
Decentralized state feedback robust H ∞  control using a differential evolution algorithm
Authors: Harno Hendra G. , Petersen Ian R. 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARYThis paper presents a new method to synthesize a decentralized state feedback robust H ∞  controller for a class of large‐scale linear uncertain systems satisfying integral quadratic constraints. The decentralized controller is constructed by taking only block‐diagonal elements of a nondecentralized state feedback controller and treating neglected off‐diagonal blocks as uncertainties. A solution to this controller synthesis problem is given in terms of a stabilizing solution to a parametrized algebraic Riccati equation where the parameters are obtained using a differential evolution algorithm.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An empirical study of process knowledge: coherence as a static process property
Authors: Crabtree Carlton A. , Norcio Anthony F. , Seaman Carolyn B. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper presents our research experiences studying process knowledge with qualitative and quantitative methods. Informed by related arguments, we present two hypotheses that are tested using a between subjects experimental design. The first hypothesis concerns the accuracy of software process elicitation, which we characterize as the human perception of error between description and performance of a process. The second hypothesis explores the detection of subtle differences in process articulation using latent semantic analysis, a computational technique for measuring patterns in written discourse. The results of our analyses are compared along with discussion of theoretical implications. We define a new type of process property, Coherence, which represents a measure of relatedness in process knowledge. Results also indicate that Coherence may be increased with the use of a conceptual model. Future research is guided by experimental and industrial application. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isochronal Phase Transformations of Low‐Carbon High Strength Low Alloy Steel upon Continuous Cooling
Authors: Huo Jie , Liu Yongchang , Zhang Dantian , Yan Zesheng , Gao Zhiming 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAimed to acquire optimum comprehensive properties for the oil and gas pipeline steels, thermal treatment should be controlled to achieve ideal microstructures. Effects of cooling rates on transformation kinetics and microstructures of the low‐carbon high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel were investigated to obtain an optimized thermal treatment technology. Dilatometric measurements, light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were employed in present work. The transformed microstructures contained polygonal ferrite + pearlite, acicular ferrite (AF), and bainitic ferrite (BF) due to the cooling rates increasing from 5 to 3000°C min−1, in present investigated HSLA steel. The result shows that, the increase of cooling rate accelerates AF transformation and refines the steel's matrix. The morphology of martensite/austenite structures transformed from islands in AF to films in BF with the increase of cooling rate.
Functional mixed effects models
Authors: Liu Ziyue , Guo Wensheng 
Published: August 2012

AbstractFunctional mixed effects model (FMM) is a mixed effects modeling framework that both the fixed effects and the random effects are modeled by nonparametric curves. The combination of mixed effects model and nonparametric smoothing enables FMMs to handle outcomes with complex profiles and at the same time to incorporate complex experimental designs and include covariates. Estimation and inference can be performed either using techniques from linear mixed effects models or using fully Bayesian approaches. As in functional data analysis, inference in FMMs is preliminary and needs to be further investigated. Several software packages have been developed to implement FMMs, although computational challenges do exist no matter which smoothing method is used. WIREs Comput Stat 2012, 4:527–534. doi: 10.1002/wics.1226This article is categorized under:

Statistical Models > Classification Models
Structural Synthon Approach to Predict the Possible Polytypes of Layered Double Hydroxides
Authors: Radha S. , Kamath P. Vishnu 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe complete universe of possible polytypes of layered double hydroxides (LDH) is predicted on the basis of symmetry arguments. A single [MX2] (X = OH) layer, also defined as a structural synthon, belongs to the layer group P$\bar{3}$2/m1. These layers can be stacked in such a way as to conserve the unique 3‐axis of the layer in the resultant crystal. The different stacking sequences that facilitate symmetry conservation, yield the different possible polytypes of rhombohedral and hexagonal symmetries. More polytypes can be envisaged by including stacking sequences that systematically destroy the principal symmetry elements of the structural synthon. Thereby, stacking sequences that destroy the 3‐axis, while retaining the 2‐axis, yield possible polytypes of monoclinic symmetry. The nitrate‐containing LDH of zinc and aluminum crystallizes in a faulted structure in which, the planar faults are shown to arise on account of stacking sequences whose local symmetry is monoclinic. This approach to polytype prediction expands on an earlier reported method by Bookin and Drits and is very general with important implications for other classes of layered materials.
Solid‐State NMR Investigations on the Amorphous Network of Precursor‐Derived Si2B2N5C4 Ceramics
Authors: Sehlleier Yee Hwa , Verhoeven Aswin , Jansen Martin 
Published: August 2012

AbstractEmploying a multitude of modern solid state NMR techniques including 13C{15N}REDOR NMR, 1H–13C CP NMR, 11B MQMAS NMR spectroscopic experiments, the structural organization of Si2B2N5C4 ceramic has been studied. The experiments were executed on double isotope enriched (13C, 15N) and natural isotope abundance Si2B2N5C4 ceramics. The materials were synthesized by aminolysis and subsequent pyrolysis of intermediate pre‐ceramic polymers that were obtained from the single source precursor TSDE, 1‐(trichlorosilyl)‐1‐(dichloroboryl)ethane (Cl3Si–CH(CH3)–BCl2). The result of the 13C{15N} REDOR NMR spectroscopic experiment shows that carbon atoms are incorporated into the network by bridging to nitrogen, which already occurs during the polymerization step. Furthermore, the combined results of 11B NMR and 11B MQMAS NMR indicate that boron atoms may also be connected to carbon in addition to nitrogen.
Arabinose is metabolized via a phosphoketolase pathway in Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824
Authors: Servinsky M D , Germane K L , Liu S , Kiel J T , Clark A M , Shankar J , Sund C J 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
In this report, a novel zymogram assay and coupled phosphoketolase assay were employed to demonstrate that Clostridium acetobutylicum gene CAC1343 encodes a bi-functional xylulose-5-P/fructose-6-P phosphoketolase (XFP). The specific activity of purified recombinant XFP was 6.9 U/mg on xylulose-5-P and 21 U/mg on fructose-6-P, while the specific activity of XFP in concentrated C. acetobutylicum whole-cell extract was 0.094 and 0.52 U/mg, respectively. Analysis of crude cell extracts indicated that XFP activity was present in cells grown on arabinose but not glucose and quantitative PCR was used to show that CAC1343 mRNA expression was induced 185-fold during growth on arabinose when compared to growth on glucose. HPLC analysis of metabolites revealed that during growth on xylose and glucose more butyrate than acetate was formed with final acetate:butyrate ratios of 0.72 and 0.83, respectively. Growth on arabinose caused a metabolic shift to more oxidized products with a final acetate:butyrate ratio of 1.95. The shift towards more oxidized products is consistent with the presence of an XFP, suggesting that arabinose is metabolized via a phosphoketolase pathway while xylose is probably metabolized via the pentose phosphate pathway.
Effect of prior hysterectomy on the anterior and posterior vaginal compartments of women presenting with pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Shalom Dara F. , Lin Stephanie N. , O'Shaughnessy Danielle , Lind Lawrence R. , Winkler Harvey A. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the effects of hysterectomy on the anterior and posterior vaginal compartments and specific pelvic organ prolapsed quantification (POP‐Q) data points.MethodsIn a retrospective case–control study, data were analyzed from patients presenting at a urogynecologic center in Manhasset, USA, with urogenital prolapse between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2010. Patients who underwent hysterectomy for indications not including prolapse were compared with age‐ and parity‐matched women without prior hysterectomy. POP‐Q points were measured and converted to stages for each vaginal compartment. The t test, Wilcoxon rank sum, and Fisher exact tests were used to compare normally distributed variables, nonparametric data, and categoric variables, respectively.ResultsSeventy‐one patients who underwent prior hysterectomy were matched to 71 patients with intact uteri. Women with prior hysterectomy had significantly greater prolapse at POP‐Q point Bp and worse overall posterior compartment prolapse compared with those without prior hysterectomy. Women who underwent hysterectomy were more likely to have stage 2 or greater prolapse (OR 2.6, 95% CI, 1.3–5.2; P = 0.01).ConclusionWhen matched for age and parity, women with prior hysterectomy had significantly greater posterior compartment prolapse compared with those without. Prior hysterectomy had no significant effect on the anterior vaginal compartment.
Assessment of the clinical benefits of remote monitoring of cardiac‐implanted devices: A single‐center study in Japan
Authors: Togo Konomi , Takagi Masahiko , Suzuki Kentaro , Maeda Keiko , Tatsumi Hiroaki , Takeuchi Kazuhide 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIntroductionThe clinical benefits of remote monitoring (RM) of cardiac‐implanted devices have not been fully evaluated in Japan. We investigated the clinical benefits of RM in a single center in Japan.MethodsPatients with pacemakers, implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (ICD), or cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillators (CRT‐D) were assigned to RM and non‐RM groups. The outpatient wait times and times to notification of EVENTS that we defined sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias, worsening heart failure, and inappropriate therapy for supraventricular tachyarrhythmias in this study, were compared between the 2 groups.ResultsA total of 416 patients (RM: 61; non‐RM: 355) were evaluated. The outpatient wait time was 17.6±22.1 min for the RM group and 35.6±25.2 min for the non‐RM group (P<0.001). Seventy‐seven and 306 EVENTS were observed in 38 and 256 patients during mean follow‐up periods of 360±22 days and 429±10 days in the RM and non‐RM groups, respectively. The times to notification of EVENTS were 8.1±16.2 days for the RM group and 38.7±33.2 days for the non‐RM group (P<0.001).ConclusionsRM significantly shortened outpatient wait times and times to notification of EVENTS. Therefore, RM was clinically beneficial in a single center in Japan.
Sinus node dysfunction with interatrial conduction delay observed after left atrial myxoma resection through the superior septal approach
Authors: Miyazaki Susumu , Fujiu Katsuhito , Sugiyama Hiroaki , Murasawa Takahide , Yokota Jun , Iwazaki Keigo , Kojima Toshiya , Suzuki Takeki , Asada Kazuo , Tamai Hisayoshi , Imai Yasushi , Yamashita Hiroshi , Hirata Yasunobu , Nagai Ryozo 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe report on a 64‐year‐old female patient who underwent cardiac surgery for left atrial myxoma, using the superior septal approach with large atrial septal wall resection and patch closure. The superior septal approach is reported to be a relatively safe method for preventing the development of sinus node dysfunction after cardiac surgery. However, this patient developed sinus node dysfunction after surgery and required the implantation of a permanent pacemaker. Moreover, in this case, determining the appropriate positions of the pacemaker leads was difficult because of the presence of a large conduction delay in the interatrium. Selecting the appropriate atrioventricular delay settings was important in order to achieve proper sequential contractions between the left atrium and the left ventricle.
Single‐nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) in β‐Defensin 2 in a Japanese Population and an Effect of – 1029 SNP on Promoter Activity
Authors: Kusano Kaoru , Abiko Yoshihiro , Nishimura Michiko , Arakawa Toshiya , Takeshima Maiko , Fujimoto Atsushi , Takuma Taishin , Kaku Tohru 
Published: August 2012

AbstractHuman β‐defensin (hBD) 2 is an epithelial antimicrobial peptide. We studied single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in the gene of hBD‐2 in a Japanese population, and estimated the effect of a polymorphism in the promoter/enhancer region on the transcriptional activity. By sequencing the hBD‐2 gene of 50 unrelated individuals, we detected one SNP in exon 2 and nine SNPs in the promoter/enhancer region. The SNP in the coding region at the ＋1765 position is synonymous [CCC (Pre)→CCT (Pre)]. One SNP in the promoter region (－ 1029) is located at the consensus sequence for NF‐IL6 binding. By luciferase reporter assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay, the wild‐type (G) of －1029 showed significantly lower transcriptional activity than did the variant‐type (A). The SNP at position －1029 may influence the hBD‐2 expression and cause genetic variations in susceptibility to infectious diseases.
Osteoinduction with HA/TCP Ceramics of Different Composition and Porous Structure in Rabbits
Authors: Zhang Zhiyong , Kurita Hiroshi , Kurashina Kenji 
Published: August 2012

AbstractTo determine the effect of material factors on Ca‐P biomaterial‐induced osteogenesis, six kinds of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) ceramics with different HA to TCP ratio (HA/TCP 2‐8, 7‐3) and different porous structure (micro‐, macro‐ and micro/macro‐ porous structures) were implanted intramuscularly in rabbits. Different tissue response was detected histologically and microradiographically after the ceramic samples were implanted in the dorsal muscles of rabbits for 3 and 6 months. Obvious bone formation was found in two kinds of ceramics with the same micro/macro‐ porous structure at both 3 and 6 months. In contrast, no bone formation or host tissue invasion was detected in two other kinds of ceramics with only microporous structure, even after 6 months implantation. Some bone formation was found occasionally in two kinds of ceramics with only macro‐porous structure at 6 months. Bone tissue was usually formed in direct contact with the pore surface and was only located in non‐dissolved porous regions. Osteocyte lacunae were seen and no pathological calcifications were observed. These results indicate that micro‐ and macro‐porous structure play an important role in the osteoinduction with Ca‐P ceramics. Furthermore, the results showed that the osteoinductive capacity of BCP ceramics was influenced by the different dissolution rate through changing HA/TCP ratio.
The Individual Cell Properties of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and p53 Tumor Suppressor Gene Mutation
Authors: Kamiya Yoko , Ohshima Tomoko 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThere is no consensus on the relationship between variations in TP53 mutations and tumor properties in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). To further the basic research required to eventually develop individualized (order‐made) treatments and prognoses for OSCC, we established six human OSCC lines from patients within our department. Together with another nine cell lines derived from donations by other organizations, we determined the TP53 mutation and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of codon 72 in a total of 15 cell lines, and examined in vitro cell invasion activity and anti‐cancer drug sensitivity. The missense mutation at codon 248 was most abundant, and was noted in four cell lines, but other diverse mutation variations were also revealed. The cells which expressed the mutated p53 protein (the p53 (＋) group) showed slightly higher invasion activity than did the p53 (－) group.　 In p53 (＋) group, the 72R of SNP (72P/R) was higher than the 72P in invasion activity, although the difference was not significant. Surprisingly, an anti‐cancer drug sensitivity test with four different types of drugs showed that the p53 (－) group was more resistant in other than CDDP, and that 72R was more sensitive than 72P in the p53 (＋) group. To clarify the characteristics of the R248Q mutation, which is the most abundant missense mutation, the gene was introduced with an expression plasmid vector into a TP53 null Saos‐2 cell. The transformant of R248Q mutation gained higher activity of invasion, while its anti‐cancer drug sensitivity also increased. Our findings suggest that it may be possible to estimate oral cancer cell characteristics and the malignancy level based on differences in the TP53 mutation