bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responses to colour and host odour cues in three cereal pest species, in the context of ecology and control
Authors: Arnold S.E.J. , Stevenson P.C. , Belmain S.R. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMany insects show a greater attraction to multimodal cues, e.g. odour and colour combined, than to either cue alone. Despite the potential to apply the knowledge to improve control strategies, studies of multiple stimuli have not been undertaken for stored product pest insects. We tested orientation towards a food odour (crushed white maize) in combination with a colour cue (coloured paper with different surface spectral reflectance properties) in three storage pest beetle species, using motion tracking to monitor their behaviour. While the maize weevil,Sitophilus zeamais(Motsch.), showed attraction to both odour and colour stimuli, particularly to both cues in combination, this was not observed in the bostrichid pestsRhyzopertha dominica(F.) (lesser grain borer) orProstephanus truncatus(Horn) (larger grain borer). The yellow stimulus was particularly attractive toS. zeamais, and control experiments showed that this was neither a result of the insects moving towards darker-coloured areas of the arena, nor their being repelled by optical brighteners in white paper. Visual stimuli may play a role in location of host material byS. zeamais, and can be used to inform trap design for the control or monitoring of maize weevils. The lack of visual responses by the two grain borers is likely to relate to their different host-seeking behaviours and ecological background, which should be taken into account when devising control methods.
Harvesting of salep orchids in north-western Greece continues to threaten natural populations
Authors: Kreziou Anna , de Boer Hugo , Gravendeel Barbara 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn several eastern Mediterranean countries orchids are collected from the wild for the production of salep, a beverage made of dried orchid tubers. The drivers of this collection and trade have changed over time. We investigated which genera and species are harvested for salep production, whether any cultivation takes place, the chain of commercialization, and the economic value of tuber collection. Fieldwork and interviews in north-western Greece included 25 collectors and street vendors, the owners of two companies, and one herbal shop. The results show that several orchid species are traded for the production of salep, and none are cultivated. Tubers collected in Greece, Albania and Turkey are sold in northern Greece for EUR 55–150 per kg on average. Recent catalysts such as the increasing demand for traditional, organic and alternative foodstuffs, and the 2009 economic downturn, have led to a revival of salep consumption, with an increasing number of salep harvesters from Greece and Albania scouring the mountains for harvestable tubers, using unsustainable harvesting practices.
Conceptualisations of Welfare Deservingness by Polish Migrants in the UK
Authors: OSIPOVIČ DOROTA 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe issue of reconciling ethnic diversity with the welfare state is a subject of long-standing theoretical debate. In particular, it remains unclear to what extent a shared national identity is necessary for endorsing claims to welfare at the individual and societal levels. Surveys show that migrants are seen as the least deserving category of welfare recipients. Yet migrants’ own views are rarely considered. Based on a qualitative study, this paper explores how Polish migrants residing in London conceptualised their deservingness to British welfare benefits and social housing. It finds a strong preference for conditionality of welfare predicated on contributions through work, payment of taxes and law abidance. Such conditionality applied to both in-group and out-group members thus transcending identity-based claims. These contributions were seen as both necessary and sufficient for laying claims to the British welfare system. Solely needs-based claims were seen as problematic.
Self-shaping of a relativistic elliptically Gaussian laser beam in underdense plasmas
Authors: Huang T. W. , Zhou C. T. , He X. T. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSelf-shaping and propagation of intense laser beams of different radial profiles in plasmas is investigated. It is shown that when a relativistic elliptically Gaussian beam propagates through an underdense plasma, its radial profile will self-organize into a circularly symmetric self-similar smooth configuration. Such self-similar propagation can be attributed to a soliton-like structure of the laser pulse. The anisotropic electron distribution results in a circular electric field that redistributes the electrons and modulates the laser pulse to a circular radial shape.
Factors affecting the ecology of tick-borne encephalitis in Slovenia
Authors: KNAP N. , AVŠIČ-ŽUPANC T. 
Published: April 2015

SUMMARYRecognition of factors that influence the formation of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) foci is important for assessing the risk of humans acquiring the viral infection and for establishing what can be done (within reasonable boundaries) to minimize that risk. In Slovenia, the dynamics of the TBE vector, i.e.Ixodes ricinus,was studied over a 4-year period and the prevalence of infection in ticks was established. Two groups of tick hosts were investigated: deer and small mammals. Red deer have been confirmed as having a direct influence on the incidence of TBE and rodents have been recognized as important sentinels for TBE infections, although their role in the enzootic cycle of the virus still remains to be elucidated. Last, forest and agricultural areas, which are influenced by human activity, are suitable habitats for ticks, and important for TBEV transmission and establishment. Human behaviour is also therefore an important factor and should always be considered in studies of TBE ecology.
Impacts of a farmers’ market incentive programme on fruit and vegetable access, purchase and consumption
Authors: Olsho Lauren EW , Payne Gayle Holmes , Walker Deborah Klein , Baronberg Sabrina , Jernigan Jan , Abrami Alyson 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe present study examines the impact of Health Bucks, a farmers’ market incentive programme, on awareness of and access to farmers’ markets, and fruit and vegetable purchase and consumption in low-income New York City neighbourhoods.DesignThe evaluation used two primary data collection methods: (i) an on-site point-of-purchase survey of farmers’ market shoppers; and (ii) a random-digit-dial telephone survey of residents in neighbourhoods where the programme operates. Additionally, we conducted a quasi-experimental analysis examining differential time trends in consumption before and after programme introduction using secondary Community Health Survey (CHS) data.SettingNew York City farmers’ markets and communities.SubjectsFarmers’ market shoppers (n 2287) completing point-of-purchase surveys in a representative sample of New York City farmers’ markets in 2010; residents (n 1025) completing random-digit-dial telephone survey interviews in 2010; and respondents (n 35 606) completing CHS interviews in 2002, 2004, 2008 and 2009.ResultsGreater Health Bucks exposure was associated with: (i) greater awareness of farmers’ markets; (ii) increased frequency and amount of farmers’ market purchases; and (iii) greater likelihood of a self-reported year-over-year increase in fruit and vegetable consumption. However, our CHS analysis did not detect impacts on consumption.ConclusionsWhile our study provides promising evidence that use of farmers’ market incentives is associated with increased awareness and use of farmers’ markets, additional research is needed to better understand impacts on fruit and vegetable consumption.
Distance to slaughter, markets and feed sources used by small-scale food animal operations in the United States
Authors: Beam A.L. , Thilmany D.D. , Pritchard R.W. , Garber L.P. , Van Metre D.C. , Olea-Popelka F.J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDistances to common production and marketing supply chain destinations may vary, and this has economic and animal health implications for small-scale food animal operations. Proximity to these destinations can affect the economic viability and marketing decisions of small-scale operations and may represent significant barriers to sustainability. Data were collected using a cross-sectional survey conducted by the US Department of Agriculture's (USDA) National Animal Health Monitoring System in 2011 using a stratified systematic sample of 16,000 small-scale (gross annual farm sales between US$10,000 and 499,999) operations from all 50 states. A total of 7925 food-animal operations were asked about the farthest one-way distance (in miles) to slaughter facilities, destinations where they sold animals or products, and feed sources. Across all small-scale operations, 95% of operations reported the farthest distance animals or products were transported for sale was 241 km (150 miles) or less. For distance to slaughter facilities, 95% of operations reported the farthest distance was 145 km (90 miles) or less. For feed shipped by a supplier, 95% of operations reported the farthest distance was 322 km (200 miles) or less. The 95th percentile for distance increased as farm sales increased, indicating larger operations were more likely to travel long distances. The results of this study are an important benchmark for understanding the economic and animal health implications of long transportation distances for operations that are small and/or focused on direct marketing.
A forum on minds and institutions
Authors: FELIN TEPPO 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this special topic forum is to call for research on the topic of minds and institutions. I briefly discuss three specific research opportunities: (1) bounded rationalityversusmind, (2) many minds and the interfaces of institutions, (3) the affordances of institutions and arbitrage. I then briefly introduce the two special topic forum papers and highlight how they link to the topic of minds and institutions.
Quality of Life and Stressors in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Depending on Treatment
Authors: Martínez-Sanchis Sonia , Bernal M. Consuelo , Montagud José V. , Abad Anna , Crespo Josep , Pallardó Luis M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis study evaluated health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in a Spanish sample of chronic kidney disease patients (n= 90) undergoing different renal replacement therapies, considering the influence of treatment stressors, mood, anxiety and quality of sleep. While all patients had worse physical functioning than controls (p< .01), only those undergoing haemodialysis (HD) showed worse physical well-being, occupational functioning, spiritual fulfillment and more health interference with work (p< .05). They also obtained higher depression scores than renal transplant patients (TX) (p= .005). Those TX receiving the immunosuppressor sirolimus exhibited more cardiac/renal, cognitive and physical limitations than the rest (p< .05). Dialysis vintage correlated positively with sleep disturbances and depression scores and negatively with total Quality of Life (QLI) (p< .05). HD patients experienced more psychological distress than peritoneal dialysis patients (PD) (p= .036). Regression models including sleep, anxiety and depression were estimated for subscales of HRQOL. In TX patients, low depressive scores related to an optimal QLI in almost all subscales, while in HD patients they explained part of the variability in psychological well-being, interpersonal functioning and personal fulfillment. HD condition results in a QLI more distant to the standards of controls.
In-operando high-speed tomography of lithium-ion batteries during thermal runaway
Authors: Finegan Donal P. , Scheel Mario , Robinson James B. , Tjaden Bernhard , Hunt Ian , Mason Thomas J. , Millichamp Jason , Di Michiel Marco , Offer Gregory J. , Hinds Gareth , Brett Dan J.L. , Shearing Paul R. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPrevention and mitigation of thermal runaway presents one of the greatest challenges for the safe operation of lithium-ion batteries. Here, we demonstrate for the first time the application of high-speed synchrotron X-ray computed tomography and radiography, in conjunction with thermal imaging, to track the evolution of internal structural damage and thermal behaviour during initiation and propagation of thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries. This diagnostic approach is applied to commercial lithium-ion batteries (LG 18650 NMC cells), yielding insights into key degradation modes including gas-induced delamination, electrode layer collapse and propagation of structural degradation. It is envisaged that the use of these techniques will lead to major improvements in the design of Li-ion batteries and their safety features.
A REDD1/TXNIP pro-oxidant complex regulates ATG4B activity to control stress-induced autophagy and sustain exercise capacity
Authors: Qiao Shuxi , Dennis Michael , Song Xiufeng , Vadysirisack Douangsone D. , Salunke Devika , Nash Zachary , Yang Zhifen , Liesa Marc , Yoshioka Jun , Matsuzawa Shu-Ichi , Shirihai Orian S. , Lee Richard T. , Reed John C. , Ellisen Leif W. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMacroautophagy (autophagy) is a critical cellular stress response; however, the signal transduction pathways controlling autophagy induction in response to stress are poorly understood. Here we reveal a new mechanism of autophagy control whose deregulation disrupts mitochondrial integrity and energy homeostasis in vivo. Stress conditions including hypoxia and exercise induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) through upregulation of a protein complex involving REDD1, an mTORC1 inhibitor and the pro-oxidant protein TXNIP. Decreased ROS in cells and tissues lacking either REDD1 or TXNIP increases catalytic activity of the redox-sensitive ATG4B cysteine endopeptidase, leading to enhanced LC3B delipidation and failed autophagy. Conversely, REDD1/TXNIP complex expression is sufficient to induce ROS, suppress ATG4B activity and activate autophagy. In Redd1−/− mice, deregulated ATG4B activity and disabled autophagic flux cause accumulation of defective mitochondria, leading to impaired oxidative phosphorylation, muscle ATP depletion and poor exercise capacity. Thus, ROS regulation through REDD1/TXNIP is physiological rheostat controlling stress-induced autophagy.
MicroRNA-33b Inhibits Breast Cancer Metastasis by Targeting HMGA2, SALL4 and Twist1
Authors: Lin Yancheng , Liu Allan Yi , Fan Chuannan , Zheng Hong , Li Yuan , Zhang Chuankai , Wu Shasha , Yu Donghong , Huang Zhengjie , Liu Fan , Luo Qi , Yang Chaoyong James , Ouyang Gaoliang 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMicroRNAs are a class of small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally either by inhibiting protein translation or by causing the degradation of target mRNAs. Current evidence indicates that miR-33b is involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism, cholesterol homeostasis, glucose metabolism and several human diseases; however, whether miR-33b contributes to the pathogenesis of human cancers and participates in the regulation of self-renewal of human cancer stem cells remains unknown. Here, we report the identification of miR-33b as a negative regulator of cell stemness and metastasis in breast cancer. Compared with paired normal breast tissues, miR-33b expression is downregulated in breast tumor samples and is inversely correlated with lymph node metastatic status. Ectopic overexpression of miR-33b in highly metastatic breast cancer cells suppresses cell self-renewal, migration and invasion in vitro and inhibits lung metastasis in vivo. Conversely, miR-33b knockdown promotes the self-renewal, migration and invasion capabilities of noncancerous mammary epithelial cells. The mechanism through which miR-33b inhibits the stemness, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells is by targeting HMGA2, SALL4 and Twist1. These data indicate that miR-33b acts as an onco-suppressive microRNA in breast cancer progression by inhibiting the stemness and metastasis of breast cancer cells.
Genome-wide methylation study on depression: differential methylation and variable methylation in monozygotic twins
Authors: Córdova-Palomera A , Fatjó-Vilas M , Gastó C , Navarro V , Krebs M-O , Fañanás L 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDepressive disorders have been shown to be highly influenced by environmental pathogenic factors, some of which are believed to exert stress on human brain functioning via epigenetic modifications. Previous genome-wide methylomic studies on depression have suggested that, along with differential DNA methylation, affected co-twins of monozygotic (MZ) pairs have increased DNA methylation variability, probably in line with theories of epigenetic stochasticity. Nevertheless, the potential biological roots of this variability remain largely unexplored. The current study aimed to evaluate whether DNA methylation differences within MZ twin pairs were related to differences in their psychopathological status. Data from the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 Beadchip was used to evaluate peripheral blood DNA methylation of 34 twins (17 MZ pairs). Two analytical strategies were used to identify (a) differentially methylated probes (DMPs) and (b) variably methylated probes (VMPs). Most DMPs were located in genes previously related to neuropsychiatric phenotypes. Remarkably, one of these DMPs (cg01122889) was located in the WDR26 gene, the DNA sequence of which has been implicated in major depressive disorder from genome-wide association studies. Expression of WDR26 has also been proposed as a biomarker of depression in human blood. Complementarily, VMPs were located in genes such as CACNA1C, IGF2 and the p38 MAP kinase MAPK11, showing enrichment for biological processes such as glucocorticoid signaling. These results expand on previous research to indicate that both differential methylation and differential variability have a role in the etiology and clinical manifestation of depression, and provide clues on specific genomic loci of potential interest in the epigenetics of depression.
Neuropsychological and functional outcomes in recent-onset major depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia-spectrum disorders: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Lee R S C , Hermens D F , Naismith S L , Lagopoulos J , Jones A , Scott J , Chitty K M , White D , Robillard R , Scott E M , Hickie I B 
Published: April 2015

AbstractFunctional disability is the lead contributor to burden of mental illness. Cognitive deficits frequently limit functional recovery, although whether changes in cognition and disability are longitudinally associated in recent-onset individuals remains unclear. Using a prospective, cohort design, 311 patients were recruited and assessed at baseline. One hundred and sixty-seven patients met eligibility criteria (M=21.5 years old, s.d.=4.8) and returned for follow-up (M=20.6 months later, s.d.=7.8). Two-hundred and thirty participants were included in the final analysis, comprising clinically stable patients with major depression (n=71), bipolar disorder (BD; n=61), schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (n=35) and 63 healthy controls. Neuropsychological functioning and self-rated functional disability were examined using mixed-design, repeated-measures analysis, across diagnoses and cognitive clusters, covarying for relevant confounds. Clinical, neuropsychological and functional changes did not differ between diagnoses (all P>0.05). Three reliable neuropsychological subgroups emerged through cluster analysis, characterized by psychomotor slowing, improved sustained attention, and improved verbal memory. Controlling for diagnosis and changes in residual symptoms, clusters with improved neuropsychological functioning observed greater reductions in functional disability than the psychomotor slowing cluster, which instead demonstrated a worsening in disability (P<0.01). Improved sustained attention was independently associated with greater likelihood of follow-up employment (P<0.01). Diagnosis of BD uniquely predicted both follow-up employment and independent living. Neuropsychological course appears to be independently predictive of subjective and objective functional outcomes. Importantly, cognitive phenotypes may reflect distinct pathophysiologies shared across major psychiatric conditions, and be ideal targets for personalized early intervention.
High step‐up soft‐switched dual‐boost coupled‐inductor‐based converter integrating multipurpose coupled inductors with capacitor‐diode stages
Authors: Moradi Sizkoohi Hadi , Milimonfared Jafar , Taheri Meghdad , Salehi Sina 
Published: April 2015

A soft‐switched dual‐boost coupled‐inductor‐based converter is proposed which possesses an intrinsic advantage, in terms of transferring the energy directly to output to provide the essential voltage and power for load. The fabulous characteristic of the proposed structure, the combination of forward and flyback converter, makes it possible to utilise one magnetic core for two coupled inductors, advancing the power density. Another implication of proposed converter is the fact that leakage inductances pave the way for the zero‐current‐switching implementation by confining the diodes current slope during turn‐off period. As regards the voltage conversion ratio, the secondary windings of the coupled inductors operate in series with the capacitors of both voltage‐doubler stage and capacitor‐diode stages; consequently, designer is under no obligation to use coupled inductors with extreme turn ratio. Concerning the mentioned features of converter besides its high‐efficiency power conversion over a broad range of input voltage, the proposed structure is well suited for the purpose of high step‐up dc–dc converter. Lastly, the results of laboratory prototype, working with switching frequency of 50 kHz and output voltage 380 V, are convincingly in line with the mathematical analysis.
Culturally appropriate flipcharts improve the knowledge of common respiratory conditions among Northern Territory Indigenous families
Authors: Mckay Clare C. , Chang Anne B. , Versteegh Lesley A. , McCallum Gabrielle B. 
Published: April 2015

Issue addressedFlipcharts are widely used as education tools in Indigenous health but there is no published quantitative data on their use. As respiratory illness is the most frequent reason for hospitalisation of young children, we developed culturally sensitive flipcharts to educate carers of children on the 3 most common serious respiratory illness (bronchiolitis, pneumonia and bronchiectasis) affecting Indigenous children in the Northern Territory. In this study, we aimed to determine if use of these flipcharts improved the knowledge of these respiratory conditions among carers of Indigenous children admitted to the Royal Darwin Hospital.MethodsWe assessed the knowledge of 60 carers pre‐ and post‐flipchart education using a questionnaire. Pre‐ and postflipchart education scores for the three illnesses were combined and were compared using non‐parametric analyses.ResultsMost carers were mothers (n = 43, 72%) aged between 20–40 years (n = 54, 90%) and lived in a remote community (n = 53, 88%). Knowledge of all respiratory conditions improved post education: median scores pre = 8 (Interquartile range 6, 10); post = 12 (10, 14), P = <0.0001.ConclusionsThe use of culturally appropriate educational flipcharts improves the knowledge of respiratory conditions among carers of Indigenous children hospitalised with common serious respiratory illness.