bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DESLOCAMENTOS DE SENTIDO DO ENUNCIADO "O PETRÓLEO É NOSSO"
Authors: Teixeira Vieira de Melo Cristina 
Published: September 2014

Este trabalho volta sua atenção para o deslocamento de sentido do enunciado "O petróleo é nosso" num conjunto de cartas de leitores publicadas nos jornais Folha de São Paulo, O Estado de São Paulo, O Globo e Jornal do Brasil, a respeito de um acontecimento discursivo específico, que ganhou destaque na imprensa nacional no ano de 1995: a greve dos petroleiros. Para analisar tal fato utilizamos o aparato teórico da Escola Francesa da Análise do Discurso, em especial os conceitos de formação discursiva, memória discursiva, interdiscurso e efeito de sentido.
LE GÉRONDIF COMME COMPLÉMENT DES VERBES DE PERCEPTION DANS LE PORTUGAIS BRÉSILIEN
Authors: Araújo Rodrigues Patrícia 
Published: September 2014

Este artigo tem como objetivo determinar as características semânticas e sintáticas dos complementos dos verbos de percepção construídos com o gerundio em português brasileiro (PB). Utilizando diversos testes semânticos e sintáticos propostos na literatura, nós mostramos que este tipo de complemento é ambíguo em PB, podendo receber três análises diferentes : i) dois constituintes distintos, ou seja um NP, objeto do verbo de percepção, seguido de um predicado secundário; ii) um constituinte único denotando um evento; et iii) um NP complexo.
PREDICADOS SECUNDÁRIOS: RESTRIÇÕES SEMÂNTICAS
Authors: José Foltran Maria 
Published: September 2014

Foltran (1999) apresenta evidências que explicam as construções de predicação secundária a partir das noções stage/individual level dos predicados envolvidos. A conexão entre esses predicados é mediada por uma regra de interpretação que nos permite explicar a relação entre eles. A conexão é estabelecida por uma regra semântica que implica funções de intervalos de tempo e localização de eventos. Desse modo, é possível estabelecer uma estrutura canónica formada por dois predicados stage level, em que o predicado secundário inclui temporalmente o predicado primário. Em outra análise, Santos (2000) apresenta evidências que vão de encontro a essas conclusões, mostrando a gramaticalidade de certas construções de predicação secundária com predicados stage level. O propósito deste artigo é mostrar que uma teoria baseada em intervalos de tempo explica por que alguns predicados stage level não podem ocorrer numa construção de predicação secundária.
Ação alegórica
Authors: Ciliane Bedin 
Published: September 2014

Neste trabalho, busca-se lançar um olhar sobre a ação na arte dramática, particularmente na peça Esperando Godot, de Samuel Beckett. Tal tarefa realizar-se-á em três tempos. No primeiro momento, a tentativa será a de fazer um breve percurso histórico do conceito de ação: o ponto de partida será a Poética, de Aristóteles, passando por reflexões sobre a ação no mundo moderno a partir da Estética, de Hegel, e, por fim, será acrescido ao percurso o pensamento de Francis Fergusson que retoma, revendo e reconsiderando, o conceito de ação no século XX. Com algumas ferramentas em mãos, em um segundo momento, o estudo buscará compreender a ação na peça de Beckett, e disso, desdobrar-se-á o terceiro e último momento do trabalho: relacionar a ação de Esperando Godot ao conceito de alegoria de Walter Benjamin.
OS FRAGMENTOS DO REAL EM GALÁXIAS, DE HAROLDO DE CAMPOS
Authors: Oliveira Ana Lucia M. de 
Published: September 2014

Este artigo pretende abordar a obra Galáxias, de Haroldo de Campos, a partir do exame de sua reconstrução metonímica de imagens jornalísticas e artísticas referentes a acontecimentos relevantes do período de elaboração desse texto (décadas de 1960 e 1970), tais como as mortes de Che Guevara e Marilyn Monroe. Alquimista do léxico, o escritor paulista produziu um texto labiríntico, com séries permutantes e estruturas circulares, em que a imagem ocupa o centro das atenções, segundo ressaltaremos em nosso trabalho. Como essa obra opera com múltiplas possibilidades de leitura, o leitor assume papel de destaque: associando fragmentos, ele monta o seu próprio painel mutável da realidade reconfigurada na narrativa, criando novas relações, já que o caleidoscópio-texto se estrutura por princípios de metamorfose, multiplicidade, encaixe e mobilidade de núcleos significativos.
POR UMA HISTORIOGRAFIA DA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES DE PORTUGUÊS COMO LÍNGUA ESTRANGEIRA
Authors: Luna Jose Marcelo Freitas de 
Published: September 2014

O presente artigo deriva de uma pesquisa historiográfica sobre o ensino de português como língua estrangeira nos Estados Unidos durante os anos de 40, 50 e 60 do século XX. Guiando-nos por Koerner (1995), em sua referência particular ao princípio de contextualização, e tendo como fontes primárias os livros, períódicos e jornais da época encontrados nas bibliotecas de algumas universidades americanas, descrevemos, pontualmente, o clima de opinião da determinante da formação de professores de línguas estrangeiras. Essa descrição permite-nos interpretar o clima de opinião do período como favorável ao Brasil, fato que implicará a escolha e a promoção de uma variante chamada brasileira para o ensino de português nos Estados Unidos.
O Rei Fiel na perspectiva de Isidoro de Sevilha
Authors: Dal Pra de Deus Andréa 
Published: September 2014

O Tardo-Antigo na Hispania visigoda do sétimo século abarca contínuos esforços da teoria política que visam estruturar medidas de apaziguamento de discórdias. A heterogeneidade de interesses da nobreza tencionava a política interna, fragilizando a centralização do poder. Desta problemática, destacamos Isidoro de Sevilha, que através da argumentação acerca da fidelidade do corpo político do reino hispano-visigodo teoriza uma solução para a dificuldade de centralização do poder. A fidelidade é entendida como a observância do bem-comum do Reino, ou seja, a monarquia deve favorecer os interesses coletivos. Cabe ao rei ser correto em sua função, através da prática das virtudes, para que os súditos se espelhem e também pratiquem uma vida política virtuosa. Neste sentido, rei e súditos fiéis é norma para um reino fortalecido e centralizado, segundo a perspectiva isidoriana.
Isotopic evidence for a marine ammonium source in rainwater at Bermuda
Authors: Altieri K. E. , Hastings M. G. , Peters A. J. , Oleynik S. , Sigman D. M. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractEmissions of anthropogenic nitrogen (N) to the atmosphere have increased tenfold since preindustrial times, resulting in increased N deposition to terrestrial and coastal ecosystems. The sources of N deposition to the ocean, however, are poorly understood. Two years of event‐based rainwater samples were collected on the island of Bermuda in the western North Atlantic, which experiences both continent‐ and ocean‐influenced air masses. The rainwater ammonium concentration ranged from 0.36 to 24.6 μM, and the ammonium δ15N from −12.5 to 0.7‰; and neither has a strong relationship with air mass history (6.0 ± 4.2 μM, −4.1 ± 2.6‰ in marine air masses and 5.9 ± 3.2 μM, −5.8 ± 2.5‰ in continental air masses; numerical average ± standard deviation). A simple box model suggests that the ocean can account for the concentration and isotopic composition of ammonium in marine rainwater, consistent with the lack of correlation between ammonium δ15N and air mass history. If so, ammonium deposition reflects the cycling of N between the ocean and the atmosphere, rather than representing a net input to the ocean. The δ15N data appear to require that most of the ammonium/a flux to the ocean is by dissolution in surface waters rather than atmospheric deposition. This suggests that the atmosphere and surface ocean are near equilibrium with respect to air/sea gas exchange, implying that anthropogenic ammonia will equilibrate near the coast and not reach the open marine atmosphere. Whereas ~90% of the ammonium deposition to the global ocean has previously been attributed to anthropogenic sources, the evidence at Bermuda suggests that the anthropogenic contribution could be much smaller.
Hydrogen site analysis of hydrous ringwoodite in mantle transition zone by pulsed neutron diffraction
Authors: Purevjav Narangoo , Okuchi Takuo , Tomioka Naotaka , Abe Jun , Harjo Stefanus 
Published: September 2014

AbstractHydrogen site positions and occupancies in the crystal structure of synthetic hydrous ringwoodite have been determined for the first time by high‐resolution neutron powder diffraction conducted at the pulsed neutron source at Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J‐PARC). It is demonstrated that hydrogen exchanges not only with Mg or Fe but also with Si cations to form hydroxyl and hydrogen bonding, both within the relevant octahedra or tetrahedra created by their surrounding oxygen anions. The hydrated octahedra shrink, whereas the hydrated tetrahedra expand. The occurrence of simultaneous hydration of octahedra and tetraheda is thus unambiguously confirmed, whereby the latter plays an especially unique role in reducing seismic velocity and for enhancing the electrical conductivity of ringwoodite at high pressures and temperatures. These results provide distinctive implications for discussing the physical properties of hydrous ringwoodite occurring in the mantle transition zone and evaluating the actual water content in the zone.
Four corners: The largest US methane anomaly viewed from space
Authors: Kort Eric A. , Frankenberg Christian , Costigan Keeley R. , Lindenmaier Rodica , Dubey Manvendra K. , Wunch Debra 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMethane (CH4) is a potent greenhouse gas and ozone precursor. Quantifying methane emissions is critical for projecting and mitigating changes to climate and air quality. Here we present CH4 observations made from space combined with Earth‐based remote sensing column measurements. Results indicate the largest anomalous CH4 levels viewable from space over the conterminous U.S. are located at the Four Corners region in the Southwest U.S. Emissions exceeding inventory estimates, totaling 0.59 Tg CH4/yr [0.50–0.67; 2σ], are necessary to bring high‐resolution simulations and observations into agreement. This underestimated source approaches 10% of the EPA estimate of total U.S. CH4 emissions from natural gas. The persistence of this CH4 signal from 2003 onward indicates that the source is likely from established gas, coal, and coalbed methane mining and processing. This work demonstrates that space‐based observations can identify anomalous CH4 emission source regions and quantify their emissions with the use of a transport model.
Topographic effects on spatiotemporal variations of short‐duration rainfall events in warm season of central North China
Authors: Yuan Weihua , Sun Wei , Chen Haoming , Yu Rucong 
Published: September 2014

AbstractStatistical analyses of the hourly station rainfall observation over the recent 8 years show that rainfalls in the warm season (May–October) of the central North China are dominated by short‐duration rainfall events (lasting less than or equal to 6 h) and the southeastward delayed diurnal phases of total rainfall revealed by previous studies are mainly contributed by the propagating short‐duration rainfall rather than the long‐duration rainfall as that along the Yangtze River Valley. The spatiotemporal features of rainfall events are highly correlated with elevation heights. The largest frequency of short‐duration rainfall events locates in the southeastern inner periphery of Taihangshan and Yanshan mountains. Rainfall over the northwestern mountains often occurs in the afternoon. Some rainfall events propagate southeastward and influence the rainfall in the southeastern foothills and plain. The rainfall with short‐duration time mainly begins around the late evening in the southeastern plain, and even later in coastal regions. The understanding of topographic effects to rainfall events is discussed based on reanalysis and station data. Results indicate that the topography influences the diurnal varied surface or low‐level temperature, moisture, and wind fields, which benefit rainfall events occurring in the afternoon over the northwestern mountains first and the southeastward propagation afterward.
Rapid urbanization and changes in spatiotemporal characteristics of precipitation in Beijing metropolitan area
Authors: Song Xiaomeng , Zhang Jianyun , AghaKouchak Amir , Roy Shouraseni Sen , Xuan Yunqing , Wang Guoqing , He Ruimin , Wang Xiaojun , Liu Cuishan 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis study investigates changes in temporal trends and spatial patterns of precipitation in Beijing over the last six decades. These changes are discussed in the context of rapid urbanization and the growing imbalance between water supply and demand in Beijing. We observed significant decreases in precipitation amounts from 1950 to 2012, with the annual precipitation decreasing by 32% at a decadal rate of 28.5 mm. In particular, precipitation decrease is more pronounced in the summer and warm seasons when water use is at its seasonal peak. We further analyzed hourly precipitation data from 43 rain gauges between 1980 and 2012 to examine the spatiotemporal characteristics of both precipitation amount and intensity across six distinct subregions in Beijing. No significant spatial variations in precipitation changes were identified, but slightly greater amounts of precipitation were noted in the urban areas (plains) than in the surrounding suburbs (mountains), due to the effect of urbanization and topography. Precipitation intensity has increased substantially, especially at the hourly duration, as evidenced by the more frequent occurrence of extreme storms. The observed decreased water availability and the increase in extreme weather events require more integrated water management, particularly given the expectation of a warmer and more variable climate, the continued rapid growth of the Beijing metropolis, and the intensifying conflict between water supply and demand.
River basin organization around the main stem: Scale invariance in tributary branching and the incremental area function
Authors: Gangodagamage Chandana , Foufoula‐Georgiou Efi , Belmont Patrick 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe incremental increase in contributing area along a main stem river, called here the incremental area function (IAF), has direct relevance to the spatial heterogeneity of environmental fluxes (water, sediment, nutrients, etc.) entering the stream from hillslopes and side tributaries. It also dictates, to a large extent, possible ecohydrologic discontinuities or transitions resulting from large tributary contributions. Mathematically, the IAF directly reflects the topological and geometrical structure of the river network and maps the two‐dimensional landscape organization into a one‐dimensional function. In this paper, we use two approaches to investigate the spatial heterogeneity of the IAF. First, we implement a multithreshold decomposition on IAF to study the distribution of distances between tributaries as a function of the imposed threshold contributing area and verify the presence of a simple power law scaling relationship between the threshold and the average distance between tributaries. Second, we use a wavelet‐based multiscale approach and document the presence of statistical self‐affinity (multifractality) in the IAF with a high intermittency coefficient, reflecting the complex arrangement of extreme contributions of different size tributaries. We propose a multiplicative cascade model, parameterized in terms of basin‐specific properties, to statistically simulate the IAF along the main stem. Finally, we point out the relation between the IAF and the widely used width function of a basin and show how the latter can be constructed from the former via a convolution on the self‐similar structure of a tree.
Gender in occupational health research of farmworkers: A systematic review
Authors: Habib Rima R. , Hojeij Safa , Elzein Kareem 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundFarmwork is one of the most hazardous occupations for men and women. Research suggests sex/gender shapes hazardous workplace exposures and outcomes for farmworkers. This paper reviews the occupational health literature on farmworkers, assessing how gender is treated and interpreted in exposure‐outcome studies.MethodsThe paper evaluates peer‐reviewed articles on men and women farmworkers' health published between 2000 and 2012 in PubMed or SCOPUS. Articles were identified and analyzed for approaches toward sampling, data analysis, and use of exposure indicators in relation to sex/gender.Results18% of articles reported on and interpreted sex/gender differences in health outcomes and exposures. Sex/gender dynamics often shaped health outcomes, yet adequate data was not collected on established sex/gender risk factors relating to study outcomes.ConclusionResearch can better incorporate sex/gender analysis into design, analytical and interpretive approaches to better explore its mediation of health outcomes in light of emerging calls to mainstream gender research. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:1344–1367, 2014. © 2014 The Authors. American Journal of Industrial Medicine Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
BetweenAndes andAmazon: The genetic profile of theArawak‐speakingYanesha
Authors: Barbieri Chiara , Heggarty Paul , Yang Yao Daniele , Ferri Gianmarco , De Fanti Sara , Sarno Stefania , Ciani Graziella , Boattini Alessio , Luiselli Donata , Pettener Davide 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThe Yanesha are a Peruvian population who inhabit an environment transitional between the Andes and Amazonia. They present cultural traits characteristic of both regions, including in the language they speak: Yanesha belongs to the Arawak language family (which very likely originated in the Amazon/Orinoco lowlands), but has been strongly influenced by Quechua, the most widespread language family of the Andes. Given their location and cultural make‐up, the Yanesha make for an ideal case study for investigating language and population dynamics across the Andes‐Amazonia divide. In this study, we analyze data from high and mid‐altitude Yanesha villages, both Y chromosome (17 STRs and 16 SNPs diagnostic for assigning haplogroups) and mtDNA data (control region sequences and 3 SNPs and one INDEL diagnostic for assigning haplogroups). We uncover sex‐biased genetic trends that probably arose in different stages: first, a male‐biased gene flow from Andean regions, genetically consistent with highland Quechua‐speakers and probably dating back to Inca expansion; and second, traces of European contact consistent with Y chromosome lineages from Italy and Tyrol, in line with historically documented migrations. Most research in the history, archaeology and linguistics of South America has long been characterized by perceptions of a sharp divide between the Andes and Amazonia; our results serve as a clear case‐study confirming demographic flows across that ‘divide’. Am J Phys Anthropol 155:600–609, 2014. © 2014 The Authors. American journal of physical Anthropology published by Wiley Periodocals, Inc.
Effects of the elective introduction of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation on outcomes in pediatric myocarditis cases
Authors: Nosaka Nobuyuki , Muguruma Takashi , Fujiwara Takeo , Enomoto Yuki , Toida Chiaki , Morishima Tsuneo 
Published: September 2014

AimTo investigate the necessary indicators to diagnose pediatric myocarditis and choose appropriate candidates for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of children aged <16 years of age who were diagnosed with myocarditis and admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit in a Japanese children's hospital from 2002 to 2013. We collected demographic data and symptoms and signs during the entire clinical course, investigated the survival and neurological outcomes, and identified the predictors of death.ResultsTwenty‐nine patients (median age, 5 years) met the inclusion criteria. Fever and gastrointestinal symptoms occurred in approximately 80% of the patients as initial symptoms and central nervous system symptoms were the most frequent symptom on emergency presentation (41%). Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was administered to 16 patients; of these, five died. Of the 24 surviving patients, 23 achieved favorable neurological outcomes. Four of eight patients died following cardiopulmonary resuscitation‐triggered extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and one of eight died following elective extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Multivariate analysis using stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed creatinine level as an independent predictor of death.ConclusionIt is important to consider myocarditis when evaluating children with gastrointestinal or central nervous system symptoms. The elective introduction of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation before the completion of end‐organ dysfunction has a positive effect on outcomes in pediatric myocarditis cases. Transfer to an institution that can initiate extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support should be promptly considered when managing pediatric myocarditis.
Surface modification of halloysite nanotubes with l‐lactic acid: An effective route to high‐performance poly(l‐lactide) composites
Authors: Xu Wan , Luo Binghong , Wen Wei , Xie Weijing , Wang Xiaoying , Liu Mingxian , Zhou Changren 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTTo improve the interfacial bonding between halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and poly(l‐lactide) (PLLA), a simple surface modification of HNTs with l‐lactic acid via direct condensation polymerization has been developed. Two modified HNTs were obtained: HNTs grafting with l‐lactic acid (l‐HNTs) and HNTs grafting with poly(l‐lactide) (p‐HNTs). The structures and properties of l‐HNTs and p‐HNTs were investigated. Then, a series of HNTs/PLLA, l‐HNTs/PLLA and p‐HNTs/PLLA composites were prepared using a solution casting method and were characterized by polarized optical microscopy (POM), field scanning electron microscopy, and tensile testing. Results showed that l‐lactic acid and PLLA could be easily grafted onto the surface of HNTs by forming an Al carboxylate bond and following with condensation polymerization, and the amounts of the l‐lactic acid and PLLA grafted on the surface of the HNTs were 5.08 and 14.47%, respectively. The surface‐grafted l‐lactic acid and PLLA played the important role in improving the interfacial bonding between the nanotubes and matrix. The l‐HNTs and p‐HNTs can disperse more uniformly in and show better compatibility with the PLLA matrix than untreated HNTs. As a result, the l‐HNTs/PLLA and p‐HNTs/PLLA composites had better tensile properties than that of the HNTs/PLLA composites. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41451.